[[["LeToya Luckett dan Roberson tidak berpuas hati dengan pengurusan kumpulan Mathew dan akhirnya digantikan oleh Farrah Franklin dan Michelle Williams. Beyonc\u00e9 mengalami kemurungan berikutan perpecahan dengan Luckett dan Roberson selepas dipersalahkan secara terbuka oleh media, pengkritik, dan blog untuk tujuannya. Teman lelaki yang lama itu meninggalkannya pada masa ini. Kemurungan sangat parah yang berlangsung selama beberapa tahun, di mana dia kadang-kadang menyimpan dirinya di bilik tidurnya selama beberapa hari dan enggan makan apa-apa. Beyonc\u00e9 menyatakan bahawa dia berjuang untuk bercakap tentang kemurungannya kerana Destiny's Child baru sahaja memenangi Anugerah Grammy pertama dan dia takut tiada sesiapa yang akan menganggapnya serius. Beyonc\u00e9 kemudian bercakap tentang ibunya sebagai orang yang membantu dia melawannya. Franklin ditolak, meninggalkan hanya Beyonc\u00e9, Rowland, dan Williams. <> Apakah isu kesihatan mental yang dilakukan oleh Beyonce? || kemurungan <> Apa peristiwa yang berlaku selepas dia dikritik secara terbuka? || teman lelaki meninggalkannya <> Siapa yang menyokong Beyonce melalui kemurungannya? || ibunya <> Apakah kejadian yang menyebabkan kemurungan Beyonce? || berpecah dengan Luckett dan Rober <> Berapa lamakah Beyonce tertekan? || beberapa tahun <> Siapa yang membantu Beyonce melawan kemurungannya yang paling? || ibunya <> Siapa yang menggantikan Luckett dan Roberson di Destiny's Child? || Farrah Franklin dan Michelle Williams. <> Siapa yang dipersalahkan kerana Luckett dan Roberson meninggalkan Destiny's Child? || Beyonc\u00e9 <> Siapa yang membantu Beyonc\u00e9 mengatasi kemurungannya selama bertahun-tahun selepas perpecahan Destiny's Child? || ibunya <> Ahli terbaru mana yang dikeluarkan dari Destiny's Child? || Farrah Franklin", {"qas": [{"question": "What mental health issue did Beyonce go through?", "id": "56be8d423aeaaa14008c90b2", "answers": [{"text": "depression", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What event occured after she was publicly criticized?", "id": "56be8d423aeaaa14008c90b3", "answers": [{"text": "boyfriend left her", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who supported Beyonce through her depression?", "id": "56be8d423aeaaa14008c90b6", "answers": [{"text": "her mother", "answer_start": 714}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What event caused Beyonce's depression?", "id": "56bf7e603aeaaa14008c9681", "answers": [{"text": "split with Luckett and Rober", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long was Beyonce depressed?", "id": "56bf7e603aeaaa14008c9682", "answers": [{"text": "a couple of years", "answer_start": 396}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who helped Beyonce fight her depression the most?", "id": "56bf7e603aeaaa14008c9685", "answers": [{"text": "her mother", "answer_start": 714}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who replaced Luckett and Roberson in Destiny's Child?", "id": "56d462f82ccc5a1400d8311f", "answers": [{"text": "Farrah Franklin and Michelle Williams.", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was blamed for Luckett and Roberson leaving Destiny's Child?", "id": "56d462f82ccc5a1400d83120", "answers": [{"text": "Beyonc\u00e9", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who helped Beyonc\u00e9 overcome her depression during the years following the Destiny's Child split?", "id": "56d462f82ccc5a1400d83121", "answers": [{"text": "her mother", "answer_start": 714}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which newest member was removed from Destiny's Child?", "id": "56d462f82ccc5a1400d83123", "answers": [{"text": "Farrah Franklin", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "LeToya Luckett and Roberson became unhappy with Mathew's managing of the band and eventually were replaced by Farrah Franklin and Michelle Williams. Beyonc\u00e9 experienced depression following the split with Luckett and Roberson after being publicly blamed by the media, critics, and blogs for its cause. Her long-standing boyfriend left her at this time. The depression was so severe it lasted for a couple of years, during which she occasionally kept herself in her bedroom for days and refused to eat anything. Beyonc\u00e9 stated that she struggled to speak about her depression because Destiny's Child had just won their first Grammy Award and she feared no one would take her seriously. Beyonc\u00e9 would later speak of her mother as the person who helped her fight it. Franklin was dismissed, leaving just Beyonc\u00e9, Rowland, and Williams."}], ["Beyonc\u00e9 Giselle Knowles dilahirkan di Houston, Texas, kepada Celestine Ann \"Tina\" Knowles (n\u00e9e Beyinc\u00e9), pemilik salon dan pemilik salon, dan Mathew Knowles, seorang pengurus jualan Xerox. Nama Beyonce adalah penghormatan kepada nama ibu ibunya. Adik lelaki Beyonc\u00e9, Solange juga penyanyi dan bekas ahli Destiny's Child. Mathew adalah orang Afrika-Amerika, sementara Tina adalah keturunan Louisiana Creole (dengan Afrika, Amerika Asli, Perancis, Cajun, dan keturunan Irish dan Sepanyol yang jauh). Melalui ibunya, Beyonc\u00e9 adalah keturunan pemimpin Acadian Joseph Broussard. Dia dibesarkan dalam rumah Methodist. <> Adik-beradik Beyonce juga menyanyikannya dengan band apa? || Anak Destiny <> Di manakah Beyonce mendapatkan namanya? || Nama sulung ibunya <> Apa perlumbaan adalah bapa Beyonce? || Rumah Afrika-Amerika <> Beyonce di zaman kanak-kanak percaya pada agama apa? || Methodist <> Ayah Beyonce bekerja sebagai pengurus jualan untuk syarikat apa? || Xerox <> Ibu Beyonce bekerja di industri apa? || pendandan rambut dan pemilik salun <> Apa adik perempuan Beyonce juga muncul di Destiny's Child? || Solange <> Beyonce adalah keturunan pemimpin Arcadian? || Joseph Broussard <> Apa syarikat yang bekerja ayah Beyonc\u00e9 ketika dia masih kecil? || Xerox <> Apakah ibu Beyonc\u00e9 sendiri ketika Beyonc\u00e9 masih kecil? || salon <> Apa nama adik lelaki Beyonc\u00e9? || Solange <> Beyonce adalah keturunan yang pemimpin Acadian? || Joseph Broussard. <> Beyonc\u00e9 dibesarkan dalam agama apa? || Methodist", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce's younger sibling also sang with her in what band?", "id": "56be892d3aeaaa14008c908b", "answers": [{"text": "Destiny's Child", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Beyonce get her name from?", "id": "56be892d3aeaaa14008c908c", "answers": [{"text": "her mother's maiden name", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What race was Beyonce's father?", "id": "56be892d3aeaaa14008c908d", "answers": [{"text": "African-American", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce's childhood home believed in what religion?", "id": "56be892d3aeaaa14008c908e", "answers": [{"text": "Methodist", "answer_start": 578}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce's father worked as a sales manager for what company?", "id": "56bf74d53aeaaa14008c9659", "answers": [{"text": "Xerox", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce's mother worked in what industry?", "id": "56bf74d53aeaaa14008c965a", "answers": [{"text": "hairdresser and salon owner", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What younger sister of Beyonce also appeared in Destiny's Child?", "id": "56bf74d53aeaaa14008c965b", "answers": [{"text": "Solange", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce is a descendent of what Arcadian leader?", "id": "56bf74d53aeaaa14008c965d", "answers": [{"text": "Joseph Broussard", "answer_start": 540}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company did Beyonc\u00e9's father work for when she was a child?", "id": "56d440df2ccc5a1400d830d1", "answers": [{"text": "Xerox", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Beyonc\u00e9's mother own when Beyonc\u00e9 was a child?", "id": "56d440df2ccc5a1400d830d2", "answers": [{"text": "salon", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Beyonc\u00e9's younger sister?", "id": "56d440df2ccc5a1400d830d3", "answers": [{"text": "Solange", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonc\u00e9 is a descendant of which Acadian leader?", "id": "56d440df2ccc5a1400d830d4", "answers": [{"text": "Joseph Broussard.", "answer_start": 540}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonc\u00e9 was raised in what religion?", "id": "56d440df2ccc5a1400d830d5", "answers": [{"text": "Methodist", "answer_start": 578}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9 Giselle Knowles was born in Houston, Texas, to Celestine Ann \"Tina\" Knowles (n\u00e9e Beyinc\u00e9), a hairdresser and salon owner, and Mathew Knowles, a Xerox sales manager. Beyonc\u00e9's name is a tribute to her mother's maiden name. Beyonc\u00e9's younger sister Solange is also a singer and a former member of Destiny's Child. Mathew is African-American, while Tina is of Louisiana Creole descent (with African, Native American, French, Cajun, and distant Irish and Spanish ancestry). Through her mother, Beyonc\u00e9 is a descendant of Acadian leader Joseph Broussard. She was raised in a Methodist household."}], ["Beyonc\u00e9 Giselle Knowles-Carter (lahir pada 4 September 1981) adalah penyanyi, penulis lagu, penerbit dan aktris Amerika. Dilahirkan dan dibesarkan di Houston, Texas, dia bermain dalam pelbagai pertandingan menyanyi dan menari sebagai seorang kanak-kanak, dan menjadi terkenal pada akhir 1990-an sebagai penyanyi utama R & B girl-group Destiny's Child. Diuruskan oleh bapanya, Mathew Knowles, kumpulan itu menjadi salah satu kumpulan gadis laris dunia sepanjang zaman. Kehidupan mereka menyaksikan pelepasan album sulung Beyonc\u00e9, Dangerously in Love (2003), yang menjadikannya sebagai artis solo di seluruh dunia, memperoleh lima Anugerah Grammy dan memaparkan Billboard Hot 100 nombor satu perseorangan \"Crazy in Love\" dan \"Baby Boy\" . <> Bilakah Beyonce mula menjadi popular? || pada akhir 1990-an <> Kawasan apa yang Beyonce bersaing ketika dia dewasa? || nyanyian dan menari <> Bilakah Beyonce meninggalkan Destiny's Child dan menjadi penyanyi solo? || 2003 <> Di mana bandar dan negeri Beyonce membesar? || Houston, Texas <> Dalam dekad mana Beyonce menjadi terkenal? || lewat tahun 1990an <> Dalam apa kumpulan R & B dia penyanyi utama? || Anak Destiny <> Album apa yang membuatnya artis terkenal di seluruh dunia? || Dangerously in Love <> Who managed the Child's Destiny group? || Mathew Knowles <> Ketika Beyonc\u00e9 bangkit menjadi terkenal? || lewat tahun 1990-an <> Apakah peranan Beyonc\u00e9 dalam Destiny's Child? || penyanyi utama <> Apa album pertama Beyonce dibebaskan sebagai artis solo? || Dangerously in Love <> Kapan Beyonc\u00e9 melepaskan Dangerously in Love? || 2003 <> Berapa banyak penghargaan Grammy buat Beyonce menang untuk album solo pertamanya? || lima <> Apa peranan Beyonce dalam Anak Destiny? || penyanyi utama <> Apa nama album solo pertama Beyonc\u00e9? || Berbahaya dalam Cinta", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Beyonce start becoming popular?", "id": "56be85543aeaaa14008c9063", "answers": [{"text": "in the late 1990s", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What areas did Beyonce compete in when she was growing up?", "id": "56be85543aeaaa14008c9065", "answers": [{"text": "singing and dancing", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonce leave Destiny's Child and become a solo singer?", "id": "56be85543aeaaa14008c9066", "answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 526}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city and state did Beyonce  grow up? ", "id": "56bf6b0f3aeaaa14008c9601", "answers": [{"text": "Houston, Texas", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which decade did Beyonce become famous?", "id": "56bf6b0f3aeaaa14008c9602", "answers": [{"text": "late 1990s", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what R&B group was she the lead singer?", "id": "56bf6b0f3aeaaa14008c9603", "answers": [{"text": "Destiny's Child", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What album made her a worldwide known artist?", "id": "56bf6b0f3aeaaa14008c9604", "answers": [{"text": "Dangerously in Love", "answer_start": 505}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who managed the Destiny's Child group?", "id": "56bf6b0f3aeaaa14008c9605", "answers": [{"text": "Mathew Knowles", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonc\u00e9 rise to fame?", "id": "56d43c5f2ccc5a1400d830a9", "answers": [{"text": "late 1990s", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What role did Beyonc\u00e9 have in Destiny's Child?", "id": "56d43c5f2ccc5a1400d830aa", "answers": [{"text": "lead singer", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first album Beyonc\u00e9 released as a solo artist?", "id": "56d43c5f2ccc5a1400d830ab", "answers": [{"text": "Dangerously in Love", "answer_start": 505}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonc\u00e9 release Dangerously in Love?", "id": "56d43c5f2ccc5a1400d830ac", "answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 526}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Grammy awards did Beyonc\u00e9 win for her first solo album?", "id": "56d43c5f2ccc5a1400d830ad", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 590}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Beyonc\u00e9's role in Destiny's Child?", "id": "56d43ce42ccc5a1400d830b4", "answers": [{"text": "lead singer", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Beyonc\u00e9's first solo album?", "id": "56d43ce42ccc5a1400d830b5", "answers": [{"text": "Dangerously in Love", "answer_start": 505}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9 Giselle Knowles-Carter (/bi\u02d0\u02c8j\u0252nse\u026a/ bee-YON-say) (born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group Destiny's Child. Managed by her father, Mathew Knowles, the group became one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. Their hiatus saw the release of Beyonc\u00e9's debut album, Dangerously in Love (2003), which established her as a solo artist worldwide, earned five Grammy Awards and featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles \"Crazy in Love\" and \"Baby Boy\"."}], ["Beyonce menghadiri Elementary School St. Mary di Fredericksburg, Texas, di mana dia mendaftar dalam kelas tarian. Bakat menyanyi beliau ditemui ketika pengajar tarian Darlette Johnson mula bersenandung lagu dan dia menyelesaikannya, mampu memukul nota nada tinggi. Kepentingan Beyonc\u00e9 dalam muzik dan persembahan berterusan selepas memenangi pertunjukan bakat sekolah pada usia tujuh tahun, menyanyikan lagu \"Imagine\" John Lennon untuk mengalahkan peminat berusia 15/16 tahun. Pada musim gugur tahun 1990, Beyonc\u00e9 mendaftar di Parker Elementary School, sekolah magnet muzik di Houston, di mana dia akan tampil dengan koir sekolah. Beliau juga menghadiri Sekolah Menengah untuk Seni Persembahan dan Visual dan kemudian Sekolah Tinggi Alief Elsik. Beyonc\u00e9 juga merupakan anggota paduan suara di Gereja Methodist United St. John sebagai seorang solo selama dua tahun. <> Apa bandar Beyonce pergi ke sekolah? || Fredericksburg <> Siapa orang yang pertama melihat keupayaan menyanyi Beyonce? || Darlette Johnson <> Beyonce berpindah ke bandar tempat dia meninggalkan sekolah rendah pertamanya? || Houston <> Antara pengajarnya yang menemui bakat muzik Beyonce? || instruktur tarian Darlette Johnson <> Saya gereja yang mana Beyonce seorang ahli dan solois dalam paduan suara? || Gereja Methodist St. John's United <> Sekolah jenis apa sekolah rendah Parker? || muzik magnet sekolah <> Lagu mana yang Beyonce menyanyi untuk memenangi pertandingan pada usia 7? || Bayangkan <> Kota mana yang terletak di sekolah rendah Beyonc\u00e9? || Fredericksburg <> Apa nama instruktur tarian pertama Beyonc\u00e9? || Darlette Johnson <> Berapa lama Beyonc\u00e9 ketika dia memenangi pertunjukan bakat sekolah? || tujuh <> Apa paduan suara yang dilakukan Beyonce menyanyi selama dua tahun? || Gereja Methodist Bersatu St. John's", {"qas": [{"question": "What town did Beyonce go to school in?", "id": "56be8a583aeaaa14008c9094", "answers": [{"text": "Fredericksburg", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first person to notice Beyonce's singing ability?", "id": "56be8a583aeaaa14008c9095", "answers": [{"text": "Darlette Johnson", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce moved to which town after she left her first elementary school?", "id": "56be8a583aeaaa14008c9097", "answers": [{"text": "Houston", "answer_start": 507}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of her teachers discovered Beyonce's musical talent?", "id": "56bf76ef3aeaaa14008c9664", "answers": [{"text": "dance instructor Darlette Johnson", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "I which church was Beyonce  a member and soloist  in the choir?", "id": "56bf76ef3aeaaa14008c9665", "answers": [{"text": "St. John's United Methodist Church", "answer_start": 711}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of school was Parker Elementary School?", "id": "56bf76ef3aeaaa14008c9666", "answers": [{"text": "music magnet school", "answer_start": 484}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which song did Beyonce sing to win a competition at age 7?", "id": "56bf76ef3aeaaa14008c9667", "answers": [{"text": "Imagine", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city was Beyonc\u00e9's elementary school located in?", "id": "56d443ef2ccc5a1400d830db", "answers": [{"text": "Fredericksburg", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Beyonc\u00e9's first dance instructor?", "id": "56d443ef2ccc5a1400d830dc", "answers": [{"text": "Darlette Johnson", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old was Beyonc\u00e9 when she won a school talent show?", "id": "56d443ef2ccc5a1400d830dd", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What choir did Beyonc\u00e9 sing in for two years?", "id": "56d443ef2ccc5a1400d830df", "answers": [{"text": "St. John's United Methodist Church", "answer_start": 711}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9 attended St. Mary's Elementary School in Fredericksburg, Texas, where she enrolled in dance classes. Her singing talent was discovered when dance instructor Darlette Johnson began humming a song and she finished it, able to hit the high-pitched notes. Beyonc\u00e9's interest in music and performing continued after winning a school talent show at age seven, singing John Lennon's \"Imagine\" to beat 15/16-year-olds. In fall of 1990, Beyonc\u00e9 enrolled in Parker Elementary School, a music magnet school in Houston, where she would perform with the school's choir. She also attended the High School for the Performing and Visual Arts and later Alief Elsik High School. Beyonc\u00e9 was also a member of the choir at St. John's United Methodist Church as a soloist for two years."}], ["Berikutan pembubaran Destiny's Child pada bulan Jun 2005, beliau melancarkan album solo kedua, B'Day (2006), yang mengandungi hits \"D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu\", \"Tidak Boleh Ditukar\", dan \"Coklat Cantik\". Beyonc\u00e9 juga berperanan sebagai pemangku, dengan prestasi nominasi Golden Globe dalam Dreamgirls (2006), dan memainkan peranan dalam The Pink Panther (2006) dan Obsessed (2009). Perkahwinannya dengan rapper Jay Z dan penggambaran Etta James dalam Cadillac Records (2008) mempengaruhi album ketiganya, I Am ... Sasha Fierce (2008), yang menyaksikan kelahiran alter-egonya Sasha Fierce dan memperoleh rekod rekod enam Anugerah Grammy pada tahun 2010, termasuk Song of the Year untuk \"Ladies Tunggal (Put Ring on It)\". Beyonce mengambil hos dari muzik pada tahun 2010 dan mengambil alih pengurusan kariernya; album keempatnya 4 (2011) kemudiannya menjadi nada, meneroka funk tahun 1970an, tahun 1980an, dan jiwa tahun 1990-an. Album studio kelima beliau yang terkenal, Beyonc\u00e9 (2013), dibezakan daripada siaran terdahulu dengan pengeluaran eksperimen dan penerokaan tema yang lebih gelap. <> Selepas album solo kedua, apa usaha hiburan lain yang dilakukan Beyonce meneroka? || Berlaku <> Artis mana yang Beyonce berkahwin? || Jay Z <> Untuk menetapkan rekod untuk Grammys, berapa ramai yang menang Beyonce? || enam <> Untuk apa filem Beyonce menerima pencalonan Golden Globe yang pertama? || Dreamgirls <> Kapan Beyonce mengambil hos dalam kerjayanya dan mengawal pengurusannya? || 2010 <> Album manakah yang lebih gelap dalam nada daripada karya terdahulu? || Beyonce <> Selepas filem apa yang menggambarkan Etta James, adakah Beyonce membuat Sasha Fierce? || Rekod Cadillac <> Bilakah Destiny's Child menamatkan perbuatan mereka? || Jun 2005 <> Apa nama album solo kedua Beyonce? || B'Day <> Apakah pekerjaan pertama Beyonce pada tahun 2006? || Dreamgirls <> Siapa yang Beyonce berkahwin? || Jay Z <> Apakah nama Beyonc\u00e9 alter-ego? || Sasha Fierce", {"qas": [{"question": "After her second solo album, what other entertainment venture did Beyonce explore?", "id": "56be86cf3aeaaa14008c9076", "answers": [{"text": "acting", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which artist did Beyonce marry?", "id": "56be86cf3aeaaa14008c9078", "answers": [{"text": "Jay Z", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To set the record for Grammys, how many did Beyonce win?", "id": "56be86cf3aeaaa14008c9079", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 565}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what movie did Beyonce receive  her first Golden Globe nomination?", "id": "56bf6e823aeaaa14008c9627", "answers": [{"text": "Dreamgirls", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonce take a hiatus in her career and take control of her management?", "id": "56bf6e823aeaaa14008c9629", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 586}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which album was darker in tone from her previous work?", "id": "56bf6e823aeaaa14008c962a", "answers": [{"text": "Beyonc\u00e9", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After what movie portraying Etta James, did Beyonce create Sasha Fierce?", "id": "56bf6e823aeaaa14008c962b", "answers": [{"text": "Cadillac Records", "answer_start": 406}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Destiny's Child end their group act?", "id": "56d43da72ccc5a1400d830bd", "answers": [{"text": "June 2005", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Beyonc\u00e9's second solo album?", "id": "56d43da72ccc5a1400d830be", "answers": [{"text": "B'Day", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Beyonc\u00e9's first acting job, in 2006?", "id": "56d43da72ccc5a1400d830bf", "answers": [{"text": "Dreamgirls", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is Beyonc\u00e9 married to?", "id": "56d43da72ccc5a1400d830c0", "answers": [{"text": "Jay Z", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Beyonc\u00e9's alter-ego?", "id": "56d43da72ccc5a1400d830c1", "answers": [{"text": "Sasha Fierce", "answer_start": 466}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in June 2005, she released her second solo album, B'Day (2006), which contained hits \"D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu\", \"Irreplaceable\", and \"Beautiful Liar\". Beyonc\u00e9 also ventured into acting, with a Golden Globe-nominated performance in Dreamgirls (2006), and starring roles in The Pink Panther (2006) and Obsessed (2009). Her marriage to rapper Jay Z and portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records (2008) influenced her third album, I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008), which saw the birth of her alter-ego Sasha Fierce and earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010, including Song of the Year for \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\". Beyonc\u00e9 took a hiatus from music in 2010 and took over management of her career; her fourth album 4 (2011) was subsequently mellower in tone, exploring 1970s funk, 1980s pop, and 1990s soul. Her critically acclaimed fifth studio album, Beyonc\u00e9 (2013), was distinguished from previous releases by its experimental production and exploration of darker themes."}], ["Ahli band yang tinggal mencatatkan \"Wanita Bebas Bahagian I\", yang muncul pada soundtrack ke filem 2000, Charlie's Angels. Ia menjadi single carta terbaik mereka, mendahului carta A.S. Billboard Hot 100 selama sebelas minggu berturut-turut. Pada awal tahun 2001, sementara Destiny's Child sedang melengkapkan album ketiga mereka, Beyonc\u00e9 menduduki peranan utama dalam filem MTV buat-untuk-televisyen, Carmen: Hip Hopera, yang dibintangi bersama pelakon Amerika Mekhi Phifer. Di Philadelphia, filem ini merupakan penafsiran moden opera abad ke-19 Carmen oleh komposer Perancis Georges Bizet. Apabila album ketiga Survivor dikeluarkan pada bulan Mei 2001, Luckett dan Roberson memfailkan tuntutan mahkamah yang mendakwa lagu-lagu itu ditujukan kepada mereka. Album itu debut di nombor satu di A.S. Billboard 200, dengan jualan pertama minggu sebanyak 663,000 salinan dijual. Album itu mencipta rekod nombor satu lagi, \"Bootylicious\" dan lagu tajuk, \"Survivor\", yang kemudiannya mendapat Anugerah Grammy untuk Prestasi R & B Terbaik oleh Duo atau Kumpulan dengan Vokal. Selepas melepaskan album percutian mereka 8 Hari Krismas pada bulan Oktober 2001, kumpulan itu mengumumkan hamparan untuk terus mengejar kerjaya solo. <> \"Charlie's Angels\" menampilkan yang mana satu daripada ahli band? || Wanita Bebas Bahagian I <> Berapa banyak minggu yang pernah mereka \"Wanita Bebas Bahagian I\" tinggal di atas? || sebelas <> Untuk rangkaian apa, apakah Beyonce tanah sebagai peranan filem utama? || MTV <> Album ketiga mereka, Survivor, menjual berapa banyak minggu pertama? || 663,000 salinan <> Apa komposer Perancis menulis opera asal '' Carmen '' pada abad ke-19? || Georges Bizet <> Apa album yang menyebabkan tuntutan undang-undang difailkan pada tahun 2001? || Survivor <> Wanita Bebas Part I ada di mana 2000 lagu filem? || Charlie's Angels. <> Filem manakah yang menjadikan bintang Beyonce pada tahun 2001 dengan Mekhi Phifer? || Carmen: Hip Hopera <> Apa nama album ketiga Destiny Child? || Survivor <> Siapa yang mengajukan gugatan terhadap Survivor? || Luckett dan Roberson <> Bilakah Destiny's Child mengumumkan hiatus mereka? || Oktober 2001", {"qas": [{"question": "\"Charlie's Angels\" featured which single from the band members?", "id": "56be8e353aeaaa14008c90c6", "answers": [{"text": "Independent Women Part I", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many weeks did their single \"Independent Women Part I\" stay on top?", "id": "56be8e353aeaaa14008c90c7", "answers": [{"text": "eleven", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what network, did Beyonce land a major movie role in?", "id": "56be8e353aeaaa14008c90c8", "answers": [{"text": "MTV", "answer_start": 348}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Their third album, Survivor, sold how many during its first week?", "id": "56be8e353aeaaa14008c90c9", "answers": [{"text": "663,000 copies", "answer_start": 793}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What French composer wrote the original opera ''Carmen'' in the 19th century?", "id": "56bf89cfa10cfb1400551162", "answers": [{"text": "Georges Bizet", "answer_start": 557}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What album caused a lawsuit to be filed in 2001?", "id": "56bf89cfa10cfb1400551163", "answers": [{"text": "Survivor", "answer_start": 593}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Independent Women Part I was on which 2000 film's soundtrack?", "id": "56d4831f2ccc5a1400d83154", "answers": [{"text": "Charlie's Angels.", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which film did Beyonc\u00e9 star in 2001 with Mekhi Phifer?", "id": "56d4831f2ccc5a1400d83155", "answers": [{"text": "Carmen: A Hip Hopera", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Destiny Child's third album?", "id": "56d4831f2ccc5a1400d83156", "answers": [{"text": "Survivor", "answer_start": 593}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who filed a lawsuit over Survivor?", "id": "56d4831f2ccc5a1400d83157", "answers": [{"text": "Luckett and Roberson", "answer_start": 628}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Destiny's Child announce their hiatus?", "id": "56d4831f2ccc5a1400d83158", "answers": [{"text": "October 2001", "answer_start": 1070}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The remaining band members recorded \"Independent Women Part I\", which appeared on the soundtrack to the 2000 film, Charlie's Angels. It became their best-charting single, topping the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart for eleven consecutive weeks. In early 2001, while Destiny's Child was completing their third album, Beyonc\u00e9 landed a major role in the MTV made-for-television film, Carmen: A Hip Hopera, starring alongside American actor Mekhi Phifer. Set in Philadelphia, the film is a modern interpretation of the 19th century opera Carmen by French composer Georges Bizet. When the third album Survivor was released in May 2001, Luckett and Roberson filed a lawsuit claiming that the songs were aimed at them. The album debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 663,000 copies sold. The album spawned other number-one hits, \"Bootylicious\" and the title track, \"Survivor\", the latter of which earned the group a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. After releasing their holiday album 8 Days of Christmas in October 2001, the group announced a hiatus to further pursue solo careers."}], ["Pada bulan Julai 2002, Beyonc\u00e9 meneruskan kerjayanya dengan bermain Foxxy Cleopatra bersama Mike Myers dalam filem komedi Austin Powers di Goldmember, yang menghabiskan hujung minggu pertamanya di atas box office AS dan berjumlah $ 73 juta. Beyonce mengeluarkan \"Work It Out\" sebagai single utama dari album soundtracknya yang memasuki sepuluh teratas di UK, Norway, dan Belgium. Pada tahun 2003, Beyonc\u00e9 membintangi bertentangan dengan Cuba Gooding, Jr., dalam komedi muzik The Fighting Temptations sebagai Lilly, seorang ibu tunggal yang watak Gooding jatuh cinta. Filem itu menerima ulasan bercampur-campur dari pengkritik tetapi berjumlah $ 30 juta di Beyonc\u00e9 A.S. yang mengeluarkan \"Fighting Temptation\" sebagai single utama dari album soundtrack filem, dengan Missy Elliott, MC Lyte, dan Free yang juga digunakan untuk mempromosikan filem itu. Satu lagi sumbangan Beyonc\u00e9 kepada soundtrack, \"Musim Panas\", lebih baik di carta AS. <> Siapa yang menjadi bintang Beyonce dengan filem itu, \"Austin Powers in Goldmember\"? || Mike Myers <> Tiga negara mana lagu Beyonce \"Work It Out\" mencapai status sepuluh teratas? || UK, Norway, dan Belgium <> Beyonce membintangi Cuba Gooding Jr. di mana filem itu? || The Fighting Temptations <> Siapa yang Beyonce merekodkan single utama dengan dalam filem \"The Fighting Temptations\"? || Missy Elliott <> Yang lagu lain dari soundtrack itu lebih baik dalam carta? || Summertime <> Filem apa yang dilakukan Beyonce muncul bersama Mike Myers? || Austin Powers in Goldmember <> Berapa jumlah besar filem \"Goldmember\" kasar? || 73 juta <> Apakah filem genre yang pernah dilakukan bintang Beyonce dengan Cuba Gooding, Jr? || komedi muzik <> lagu apa lagu utama dari trek bunyi filem? || Fighting Temptations <> Bagaimana pengkritik melihat filem, '' The Tempting Fighting ''? || ulasan bercampur <> Filem apa yang dilakukan bintang Beyonce dengan Mike Myers pada tahun 2002? || Austin Powers in Goldmember <> Apakah watak Beyonc\u00e9 yang dipanggil di Austin Powers di Goldmember? || Foxxy Cleopatra <> Lagu yang mana pelepasan Beyonc\u00e9 sebagai single utama untuk soundtrack Austin Powers dalam Goldmember? || Work It Out <> Apakah komedi musikal yang pernah menjadi bintang Beyonce bersama dengan Cuba Gooding, Jr pada tahun 2003? || The Fighting Temptations <> Apa lagu yang dibebaskan Beyonc\u00e9 sebagai single utama dari The Tempting Fighting? || Melawan godaan", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Beyonce star with in the movie, \"Austin Powers in Goldmember\"?", "id": "56be8fdf3aeaaa14008c90da", "answers": [{"text": "Mike Myers", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which three countries did Beyonce's song \"Work It Out\" achieve top ten status?", "id": "56be8fdf3aeaaa14008c90db", "answers": [{"text": "UK, Norway, and Belgium", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce starred with Cuba Gooding Jr. in which film?", "id": "56be8fdf3aeaaa14008c90dc", "answers": [{"text": "The Fighting Temptations", "answer_start": 431}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonce record the lead single with in the movie \"The Fighting Temptations\"?", "id": "56be8fdf3aeaaa14008c90dd", "answers": [{"text": "Missy Elliott", "answer_start": 705}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which other song from the soundtrack did better in the charts?", "id": "56be8fdf3aeaaa14008c90de", "answers": [{"text": "Summertime", "answer_start": 834}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What film did Beyonce appear in with Mike Myers?", "id": "56bf8c8aa10cfb140055116b", "answers": [{"text": "Austin Powers in Goldmember", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What large amount did the movie \"Goldmember\" gross?", "id": "56bf8c8aa10cfb140055116c", "answers": [{"text": "73 million", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre of movie did Beyonce star in with Cuba Gooding, Jr?", "id": "56bf8c8aa10cfb140055116d", "answers": [{"text": "musical comedy", "answer_start": 416}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song was the lead single from the film's sound track?", "id": "56bf8c8aa10cfb140055116e", "answers": [{"text": "Fighting Temptations", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did the critics view the movie, ''The Fighting Temptations''?", "id": "56bf8c8aa10cfb140055116f", "answers": [{"text": "mixed reviews", "answer_start": 545}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What film did Beyonc\u00e9 star in with Mike Myers in 2002?", "id": "56d484312ccc5a1400d8315e", "answers": [{"text": "Austin Powers in Goldmember", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Beyonc\u00e9's character called in Austin Powers in Goldmember?", "id": "56d484312ccc5a1400d8315f", "answers": [{"text": "Foxxy Cleopatra", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which song did Beyonc\u00e9 release as the lead single for Austin Powers in Goldmember's soundtrack?", "id": "56d484312ccc5a1400d83160", "answers": [{"text": "Work It Out", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What musical comedy did Beyonc\u00e9 star in along with Cuba Gooding, Jr. in 2003?", "id": "56d484312ccc5a1400d83161", "answers": [{"text": "The Fighting Temptations", "answer_start": 431}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Beyonc\u00e9 release as the lead single from The Fighting Tempations?", "id": "56d484312ccc5a1400d83162", "answers": [{"text": "Fighting Temptations", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In July 2002, Beyonc\u00e9 continued her acting career playing Foxxy Cleopatra alongside Mike Myers in the comedy film, Austin Powers in Goldmember, which spent its first weekend atop the US box office and grossed $73 million. Beyonc\u00e9 released \"Work It Out\" as the lead single from its soundtrack album which entered the top ten in the UK, Norway, and Belgium. In 2003, Beyonc\u00e9 starred opposite Cuba Gooding, Jr., in the musical comedy The Fighting Temptations as Lilly, a single mother whom Gooding's character falls in love with. The film received mixed reviews from critics but grossed $30 million in the U.S. Beyonc\u00e9 released \"Fighting Temptation\" as the lead single from the film's soundtrack album, with Missy Elliott, MC Lyte, and Free which was also used to promote the film. Another of Beyonc\u00e9's contributions to the soundtrack, \"Summertime\", fared better on the US charts."}], ["Sebuah \"feminis zaman moden\" yang digambarkan diri sendiri, Beyonc\u00e9 mencipta lagu-lagu yang sering dicirikan oleh tema cinta, hubungan, dan monogami, serta seksualiti wanita dan pemberdayaan. Di atas pentas, persembahannya yang dinamik dan sangat koreografi telah menyebabkan para pengkritik memuji dia sebagai salah satu penghibur terbaik dalam muzik popular kontemporari. Sepanjang kerjayanya selama 19 tahun, dia telah menjual lebih daripada 118 juta rekod sebagai artis solo, dan 60 juta lagi dengan Destiny's Child, menjadikannya salah seorang artis muzik terlaris sepanjang zaman. Dia telah memenangi 20 Anugerah Grammy dan merupakan wanita yang paling dinominasikan dalam sejarah penganugerahan itu. Persatuan Industri Rakaman Amerika mengiktirafnya sebagai Artis Terkenal di Amerika pada dekad 2000an. Pada tahun 2009, Billboard menamakannya sebagai Artist Top Songs Songs of the Decade, Artis Wanita Teratas tahun 2000 dan Artis Milenium pada tahun 2011. Masa itu menyenaraikannya di antara 100 orang paling berpengaruh di dunia pada tahun 2013 dan 2014. Majalah Forbes juga menyenaraikannya sebagai pemuzik wanita paling berkuasa pada tahun 2015. <> Dalam muziknya, apakah beberapa elemen yang berulang di dalamnya? || cinta, hubungan, dan monogami <> majalah Time menamakannya salah satu daripada 100 orang yang paling abad ini? || berpengaruh <> majalah manakah yang menyatakannya sebagai musisi wanita yang paling dominan? || Forbes <> Dalam sedekadnya, Persatuan Industri Rakaman Amerika mengenali Beyonce sebagai The Artis Terkenal? || 2000-an <> Apa majalah yang dinilai Beyonce sebagai pemuzik wanita paling berkuasa pada tahun 2015? || Forbes <> Bagaimana Beyonce menggambarkan dirinya sebagai seorang feminis? || feminis moden <> Dalam tahun berapakah Beyonce berjudul 100 orang paling berpengaruh di dunia? || 2013 dan 2014 <> Berapa banyak rekod yang telah dijual Beyonce dalam kerjayanya selama 19 tahun? || 118 juta <> Berapa banyak rekod Beyonc\u00e9 menjual sebagai sebahagian daripada Destiny's Child? || 60 juta <Selepas meninggalkan Destiny's Child, berapa banyak rekod yang dibebaskan Beyonc\u00e9 di bawah namanya sendiri? || 118 juta <> Berapa banyak penghargaan Grammy yang dimenangkan Beyonc\u00e9? || 20 <> Apa majalah yang bernama Beyonc\u00e9 sebagai pemuzik wanita paling berkuasa untuk 2015? || Forbes", {"qas": [{"question": "In her music, what are some recurring elements in them?", "id": "56be88473aeaaa14008c9080", "answers": [{"text": "love, relationships, and monogamy", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Time magazine named her one of the most 100 what people of the century?", "id": "56be88473aeaaa14008c9083", "answers": [{"text": "influential", "answer_start": 935}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which magazine declared her the most dominant woman musician?", "id": "56be88473aeaaa14008c9084", "answers": [{"text": "Forbes", "answer_start": 985}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which decade did the Recording Industry Association of America recognize Beyonce as the The Top Certified Artist?", "id": "56bf725c3aeaaa14008c9643", "answers": [{"text": "2000s", "answer_start": 736}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What magazine rated Beyonce as the most powerful female musician in 2015?", "id": "56bf725c3aeaaa14008c9644", "answers": [{"text": "Forbes", "answer_start": 985}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did Beyonce describe herself as a feminist?", "id": "56bf725c3aeaaa14008c9645", "answers": [{"text": "modern-day feminist", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which years did Time rate Beyonce in the 100 most influential people in the world?", "id": "56bf725c3aeaaa14008c9646", "answers": [{"text": "2013 and 2014", "answer_start": 970}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many records has Beyonce sold in her 19 year career?", "id": "56bf725c3aeaaa14008c9647", "answers": [{"text": "118 million", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many records did Beyonc\u00e9 sell as part of Destiny's Child?", "id": "56d43f7e2ccc5a1400d830c7", "answers": [{"text": "60 million", "answer_start": 445}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After leaving Destiny's Child, how many records did Beyonc\u00e9 release under her own name?", "id": "56d43f7e2ccc5a1400d830c8", "answers": [{"text": "118 million", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Grammy awards has Beyonc\u00e9 won?", "id": "56d43f7e2ccc5a1400d830c9", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 552}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What magazine named Beyonc\u00e9 as the most powerful female musician for 2015?", "id": "56d43f7e2ccc5a1400d830cb", "answers": [{"text": "Forbes", "answer_start": 985}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A self-described \"modern-day feminist\", Beyonc\u00e9 creates songs that are often characterized by themes of love, relationships, and monogamy, as well as female sexuality and empowerment. On stage, her dynamic, highly choreographed performances have led to critics hailing her as one of the best entertainers in contemporary popular music. Throughout a career spanning 19 years, she has sold over 118 million records as a solo artist, and a further 60 million with Destiny's Child, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. She has won 20 Grammy Awards and is the most nominated woman in the award's history. The Recording Industry Association of America recognized her as the Top Certified Artist in America during the 2000s decade. In 2009, Billboard named her the Top Radio Songs Artist of the Decade, the Top Female Artist of the 2000s and their Artist of the Millennium in 2011. Time listed her among the 100 most influential people in the world in 2013 and 2014. Forbes magazine also listed her as the most powerful female musician of 2015."}], ["Kumpulan ini menukar nama mereka kepada Destiny's Child pada tahun 1996, berdasarkan ayat di dalam Kitab Yesaya. Pada tahun 1997, Destiny's Child mengeluarkan lagu utama label mereka \"Membunuh Masa\" pada soundtrack ke filem 1997, Men in Black. Pada tahun berikutnya, kumpulan itu mengeluarkan album debut bertajuk sendiri, menjaringkan hit utama pertama mereka \"No, No, No, No\". Album ini menubuhkan kumpulan itu sebagai satu tindakan yang berdaya maju dalam industri muzik, dengan jualan yang sederhana dan memenangi kumpulan tiga Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards untuk Best R & B / Soul Album of the Year, Best R & B / Soul atau Rap New Artist, dan Best R & B / Soul Single untuk \"Tidak, Tidak, Tidak\". Kumpulan ini mengeluarkan album kedua mereka yang bertajuk The Writing's on the Wall pada tahun 1999. Rekod ini menampilkan beberapa lagu kumpulan yang paling terkenal seperti \"Bills, Bills, Bills\", nombor satu tunggal kumpulan pertama, \"Jumpin 'Jumpin '\"dan\" Katakanlah Nama Saya \", yang menjadi lagu paling berjaya pada masa itu, dan akan kekal sebagai salah satu lagu tandatangan mereka. \"Say My Name\" memenangi Prestasi R & B Terbaik oleh Duo atau Kumpulan dengan Vokal dan Lagu R & B Terbaik di Anugerah Grammy Tahunan ke-43. Penulisan di Dinding menjual lebih daripada lapan juta salinan di seluruh dunia. Pada masa ini, Beyonc\u00e9 mencatatkan duet dengan Marc Nelson, ahli asal Boyz II Men, dalam lagu \"After All Is Said and Done\" untuk soundtrack untuk filem 1999, The Best Man. <> Filem manakah yang memaparkan single utama pertama Destiny's Child? || Lelaki dalam Hitam <> Untuk lagu yang, apakah Destiny's Child membawa pulang penghargaan grammy untuk prestasi R & B yang terbaik? || \"Katakanlah Nama Saya\" <> Siapa yang membuat catatan Beyonce dengan filem \"The Best Man?\" || Marc Nelson <> Kumpulan Beyonce menukar nama mereka kepada Destiny's Child dalam tahun berapa? || 1996 <> Nama Anak Destiny berdasarkan kutipan di mana buku Bible? || Buku Isaiah <> Lagu debut, \"Waktu Pembunuhan\" dipaparkan pada trek bunyi filem apa? || Lelaki dalam Hitam <> Lagu apa yang memenangi R & B Terbaik dalam Anugerah Grammy Tahunan 43? || Sebut Nama Saya <> Apa penyanyi yang membuat Beyonce merakam lagu untuk filem itu, '' The Best Man \"? || Marc Nelson <> Di mana Anak Destiny mendapatkan nama mereka? || Buku Yesaya. <> Lagu Destiny's Child , Killing Time, termasuk di mana soundtrack filem? || Lelaki dalam Hitam. <> Apakah lagu utama pertama Destiny's Child hit? || No, No, No <> Ketika Destiny's Child melepaskan album kedua mereka? || 1999 < > Siapa yang membuat Beyonce menyanyikan duet dengan filem \"The Best Man\"? || Marc Nelson", {"qas": [{"question": "Which film featured Destiny's Child's first major single?", "id": "56be8c8a3aeaaa14008c90a9", "answers": [{"text": "Men in Black", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For which song, did Destiny's Child take home the grammy award for best R&B performance?", "id": "56be8c8a3aeaaa14008c90ab", "answers": [{"text": "\"Say My Name\"", "answer_start": 848}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonce record with for the movie \"The Best Man?\"", "id": "56be8c8a3aeaaa14008c90ac", "answers": [{"text": "Marc Nelson", "answer_start": 1212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce's group changed their name to Destiny's Child in what year?", "id": "56bf7cb63aeaaa14008c9677", "answers": [{"text": "1996", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The name Destiny's Child was based on a quote in which book of the Bible?", "id": "56bf7cb63aeaaa14008c9678", "answers": [{"text": "Book of Isaiah", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Debut song, \"Killing Time\" was featured on what movie's sound track?", "id": "56bf7cb63aeaaa14008c9679", "answers": [{"text": "Men in Black", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song won Best R&B Performance in the 43 Annual Grammy Awards?", "id": "56bf7cb63aeaaa14008c967a", "answers": [{"text": "Say My Name", "answer_start": 849}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What singer did Beyonce record a song with for the movie, ''The Best Man\"?", "id": "56bf7cb63aeaaa14008c967b", "answers": [{"text": "Marc Nelson", "answer_start": 1212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Destiny's Child get their name from?", "id": "56d45fcb2ccc5a1400d830f9", "answers": [{"text": "Book of Isaiah.", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Destiny's Child song, Killing Time, was included in which film's soundtrack?", "id": "56d45fcb2ccc5a1400d830fa", "answers": [{"text": "Men in Black.", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Destiny's Child's first major song hit?", "id": "56d45fcb2ccc5a1400d830fb", "answers": [{"text": "No, No, No", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Destiny's Child release their second album?", "id": "56d45fcb2ccc5a1400d830fc", "answers": [{"text": "1999", "answer_start": 688}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonc\u00e9 sing a duet with for \"The Best Man\" film?", "id": "56d45fcb2ccc5a1400d830fd", "answers": [{"text": "Marc Nelson", "answer_start": 1212}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The group changed their name to Destiny's Child in 1996, based upon a passage in the Book of Isaiah. In 1997, Destiny's Child released their major label debut song \"Killing Time\" on the soundtrack to the 1997 film, Men in Black. The following year, the group released their self-titled debut album, scoring their first major hit \"No, No, No\". The album established the group as a viable act in the music industry, with moderate sales and winning the group three Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards for Best R&B/Soul Album of the Year, Best R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist, and Best R&B/Soul Single for \"No, No, No\". The group released their multi-platinum second album The Writing's on the Wall in 1999. The record features some of the group's most widely known songs such as \"Bills, Bills, Bills\", the group's first number-one single, \"Jumpin' Jumpin'\" and \"Say My Name\", which became their most successful song at the time, and would remain one of their signature songs. \"Say My Name\" won the Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals and the Best R&B Song at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards. The Writing's on the Wall sold more than eight million copies worldwide. During this time, Beyonc\u00e9 recorded a duet with Marc Nelson, an original member of Boyz II Men, on the song \"After All Is Said and Done\" for the soundtrack to the 1999 film, The Best Man."}], ["Pada usia lapan tahun, Beyonc\u00e9 dan rakan zaman kanak-kanak Kelly Rowland bertemu LaTavia Roberson semasa dalam uji bakat untuk kumpulan hiburan semua gadis. Mereka dimasukkan ke dalam kumpulan dengan tiga gadis lain sebagai Girl Tyme, dan mengetuk dan menari litar pertunjukan bakat di Houston. Selepas melihat kumpulan itu, penerbit R & B, Arne Frager membawa mereka ke studio Northern California dan meletakkannya di Star Search, pameran bakat terbesar di TV kebangsaan pada masa itu. Tyme gadis gagal menang, dan Beyonc\u00e9 kemudian berkata lagu yang mereka lakukan tidak baik. Pada tahun 1995 ayah Beyonc\u00e9 meletakkan jawatan dari tugasnya untuk menguruskan kumpulan. Langkah ini mengurangkan pendapatan keluarga Beyonc\u00e9 sebanyak separuh, dan ibu bapanya terpaksa berpindah ke apartmen berasingan. Mathew memotong baris asal hingga empat dan kumpulan itu terus melakukan sebagai tindakan pembuka bagi kumpulan gadis R & B yang lain. Gadis-gadis menguji sebelum label rekod dan akhirnya ditandatangani untuk Elektra Records, bergerak ke Atlanta Records secara ringkas untuk bekerja pada rakaman pertama mereka, hanya untuk dipotong oleh syarikat. Ini menimbulkan tekanan ke atas keluarga, dan ibu bapa Beyonc\u00e9 dipisahkan. Pada 5 Oktober 1995, Gred Roots Hiburan Dwayne Wiggins menandatangani kumpulan itu. Pada tahun 1996, kanak-kanak perempuan mula merakam album debut mereka di bawah perjanjian dengan Sony Music, keluarga Knowles bersatu semula, dan tidak lama selepas itu, kumpulan tersebut mendapat kontrak dengan Columbia Records. <> Siapa yang memutuskan untuk meletakkan kumpulan Beyonce di Star Search pertunjukan bakat? || Arne Frager <> Pada tahun 1995, yang memutuskan untuk mengurus kumpulan penyanyi perempuan? || Bapa Beyonc\u00e9 <> Siapa label rekod yang pertama untuk memberikan gadis itu satu rekod perjanjian? || Rekod Elektra <> Siapa yang membawa Beyonce ke California dan memasuki kumpulannya dalam Carian Bintang? || Arne Frager <> Dalam tahun apakah bapa Beyonce berhenti kerja untuk menguruskan kumpulannya? || 1995 <> Apa syarikat rekod yang besar mencatatkan album pertama kumpulan Beyonce? || Sony Music <> Apa syarikat rekod terlebih dahulu menandatangani kumpulan Beyonce dan kemudian memotongnya? || Elektra Records <> Pada umur berapa Beyonce bertemu LaTavia Robertson? || umur lapan <> Berapa lama Beyonc\u00e9 apabila dia bertemu LaTavia Roberson? || lapan <> Apakah nama kumpulan pertama Beyonce adalah sebahagian daripada? || Tyme Girl <> Yang meletakkan Tyme Girl dalam Carian Bintang? || Arne Frager <> Bilakah Beyonce mula menguruskan kumpulan gadis itu? || 1995 <> Siapa yang menandatangani kumpulan gadis itu pada 5 Oktober 1995? || Hiburan Rumput Dwayne Wiggins", {"qas": [{"question": "Who decided to place Beyonce's group in Star Search the talent show?", "id": "56be8bab3aeaaa14008c909f", "answers": [{"text": "Arne Frager", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1995, who decided to manage the girls singing group?", "id": "56be8bab3aeaaa14008c90a0", "answers": [{"text": "Beyonc\u00e9's father", "answer_start": 542}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first record label to give the girls a record deal?", "id": "56be8bab3aeaaa14008c90a1", "answers": [{"text": "Elektra Records", "answer_start": 918}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who brought Beyonce to California and enter her group in Star Search?", "id": "56bf79c73aeaaa14008c966d", "answers": [{"text": "Arne Frager", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Beyonce's father quit his job to manage her group?", "id": "56bf79c73aeaaa14008c966e", "answers": [{"text": "1995", "answer_start": 537}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What large record company recorded Beyonce's group's first album?", "id": "56bf79c73aeaaa14008c966f", "answers": [{"text": "Sony Music", "answer_start": 1264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What record company first signed Beyonce's group and later cut them?", "id": "56bf79c73aeaaa14008c9670", "answers": [{"text": "Elektra Records", "answer_start": 918}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what age did Beyonce meet LaTavia Robertson?", "id": "56bf79c73aeaaa14008c9671", "answers": [{"text": "age eight", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old was Beyonc\u00e9 when she met LaTavia Roberson?", "id": "56d45abf2ccc5a1400d830e5", "answers": [{"text": "eight", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the first group Beyonc\u00e9 was a part of?", "id": "56d45abf2ccc5a1400d830e6", "answers": [{"text": "Girl's Tyme", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who placed Girl's Tyme in Star Search?", "id": "56d45abf2ccc5a1400d830e7", "answers": [{"text": "Arne Frager", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonc\u00e9 begin to manage the girl group?", "id": "56d45abf2ccc5a1400d830e8", "answers": [{"text": "1995", "answer_start": 537}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who signed the girl group on October 5, 1995?", "id": "56d45abf2ccc5a1400d830e9", "answers": [{"text": "Dwayne Wiggins's Grass Roots Entertainment", "answer_start": 1126}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At age eight, Beyonc\u00e9 and childhood friend Kelly Rowland met LaTavia Roberson while in an audition for an all-girl entertainment group. They were placed into a group with three other girls as Girl's Tyme, and rapped and danced on the talent show circuit in Houston. After seeing the group, R&B producer Arne Frager brought them to his Northern California studio and placed them in Star Search, the largest talent show on national TV at the time. Girl's Tyme failed to win, and Beyonc\u00e9 later said the song they performed was not good. In 1995 Beyonc\u00e9's father resigned from his job to manage the group. The move reduced Beyonc\u00e9's family's income by half, and her parents were forced to move into separated apartments. Mathew cut the original line-up to four and the group continued performing as an opening act for other established R&B girl groups. The girls auditioned before record labels and were finally signed to Elektra Records, moving to Atlanta Records briefly to work on their first recording, only to be cut by the company. This put further strain on the family, and Beyonc\u00e9's parents separated. On October 5, 1995, Dwayne Wiggins's Grass Roots Entertainment signed the group. In 1996, the girls began recording their debut album under an agreement with Sony Music, the Knowles family reunited, and shortly after, the group got a contract with Columbia Records."}], ["Beyonc\u00e9 mengumumkan hiatus dari kerjaya muziknya pada Januari 2010, sambil memberi nasihat kepada ibunya, \"untuk menjalani kehidupan, untuk diinspirasikan oleh benda-benda lagi\". Semasa rehat dia dan ayahnya berpisah sebagai rakan perniagaan. Perayaan muzik Beyonc\u00e9 berlangsung selama sembilan bulan dan menyaksikan lawatannya ke banyak bandar raya Eropah, Tembok Besar China, piramid Mesir, Australia, festival muzik Inggeris dan pelbagai muzium dan pertunjukan balet. <> Beyonce akan berehat dari muzik di mana tahun itu? || 2010 <> Tahun manakah Beyonce dan cara perniagaan ayahnya? || 2010 <> Yang terkenal mercu tanda Beyonce lihat di China? || Tembok Besar China <> Dalam tahun apakah Beyonce mempunyai rutinnya? || 2010 <> Siapa yang memberi inspirasi hiatus ini? || ibunya <> Bilakah dia berhenti menggunakan ayahnya sebagai pengurus? || Semasa rehat <> Berapa lamakah tempoh terakhir? || sembilan bulan <> Apa yang telah diumumkan oleh Beyonce pada Januari 2010? || a hiatus <> Siapa yang mencadangkan hiatus untuk Beyonc\u00e9? || Ibunya <> Siapa yang membuat Beyonc\u00e9 menjadi sebahagian daripada rutinnya? || ayahnya <> Berapa lamakah hajatnya terakhir? || Sembilan bulan", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce would take a break from music in which year?", "id": "56be97c73aeaaa14008c912a", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which year did Beyonce and her father part business ways?", "id": "56be97c73aeaaa14008c912b", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which famous landmark did Beyonce see in China?", "id": "56be97c73aeaaa14008c912e", "answers": [{"text": "the Great Wall of China", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Beyonce have her hiatus?", "id": "56bf9c70a10cfb14005511bb", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who inspired this hiatus?", "id": "56bf9c70a10cfb14005511bc", "answers": [{"text": "her mother", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did she stop using her father as a manager?", "id": "56bf9c70a10cfb14005511bd", "answers": [{"text": "During the break", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did the hiatus last?", "id": "56bf9c70a10cfb14005511bf", "answers": [{"text": "nine months", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Beyonc\u00e9 announce in January 2010?", "id": "56d4c1c12ccc5a1400d831e6", "answers": [{"text": "a hiatus", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who suggested the hiatus for Beyonc\u00e9?", "id": "56d4c1c12ccc5a1400d831e7", "answers": [{"text": "her mother", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonc\u00e9 part ways with during her hiatus?", "id": "56d4c1c12ccc5a1400d831e8", "answers": [{"text": "her father", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did her hiatus last?", "id": "56d4c1c12ccc5a1400d831e9", "answers": [{"text": "nine months", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9 announced a hiatus from her music career in January 2010, heeding her mother's advice, \"to live life, to be inspired by things again\". During the break she and her father parted ways as business partners. Beyonc\u00e9's musical break lasted nine months and saw her visit multiple European cities, the Great Wall of China, the Egyptian pyramids, Australia, English music festivals and various museums and ballet performances."}], ["Album solo Beyonc\u00e9 yang kedua B'Day telah dikeluarkan pada 5 September 2006, di Amerika Syarikat, untuk bertepatan dengan ulang tahunnya yang ke-25. Ia menjual 541,000 salinan pada minggu pertama dan mendahului di Billboard 200, menjadi album nombor satu berturut-turut Beyonc\u00e9 di Amerika Syarikat. Album utama \"D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu\", yang menampilkan Jay Z, mencapai lima teratas dalam carta Billboard Hot 100. Single antarabangsa kedua \"Tidak boleh ditukar\" adalah kejayaan komersil di seluruh dunia, mencapai nombor satu di Australia, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand dan Amerika Syarikat. B'Day juga menghasilkan tiga perseorangan lain; \"Ring the Alarm\", \"Get Me Bodied\", dan \"Green Light\" (dikeluarkan di United Kingdom sahaja). <> Berapa banyak album Beyonce menjual pada minggu pertama ketika ia mengeluarkan album keduanya? || 541,000 <> Single utama dari album itu lagu mana? || D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu <> Berapa banyak negara yang menyanyikan lagunya \"Tidak dapat ditukar\" mendapat status nombor satu? || lima <> Berapa banyak perseorangan yang dihasilkan album kedua? || lima <> hari jadi apa yang disambut album Beyonce B'Day? || ulang tahun ke-25 <> Apa artis yang pernah menjadi duet Beyonce dalam single, \"Deja Vu ''? || Jay Z <> Berapa tinggi '' Deja Vu '' naik di carta Billboard? adalah nama album kedua Beyonc\u00e9? || B'Day <> Berapa banyak salinan yang dibuat B'Day menjual pada minggu pertama pembebasannya? || 541,000 <> Siapa yang bekerjasama dengan Beyonc\u00e9 pada single, Deja Vu? || Jay Z <> Yang mana satu daripada B'Day hanya dikeluarkan di UK? || Green Light", {"qas": [{"question": "How many albums did Beyonce sell in the first week when she released her second album?", "id": "56be932e3aeaaa14008c90f9", "answers": [{"text": "541,000", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The lead single from the album was which song?", "id": "56be932e3aeaaa14008c90fa", "answers": [{"text": "D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many countries did her song \"Irreplaceable\" get number one status in?", "id": "56be932e3aeaaa14008c90fb", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many singles did her second album produce?", "id": "56be932e3aeaaa14008c90fc", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What birthday did Beyonce's album B'Day celebrate?", "id": "56bf940da10cfb1400551189", "answers": [{"text": "twenty-fifth birthday", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What artist did Beyonce duet with in the single, \"Deja Vu''?", "id": "56bf940da10cfb140055118a", "answers": [{"text": "Jay Z", "answer_start": 323}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How high did ''Deja Vu'' climb on the Billboard chart?", "id": "56bf940da10cfb140055118b", "answers": [{"text": "top five", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Beyonc\u00e9's second album?", "id": "56d4bc642ccc5a1400d83190", "answers": [{"text": "B'Day", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many copies did B'Day sell during the first week of its release?", "id": "56d4bc642ccc5a1400d83191", "answers": [{"text": "541,000", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who collaborated with Beyonc\u00e9 on the single, Deja Vu?", "id": "56d4bc642ccc5a1400d83192", "answers": [{"text": "Jay Z", "answer_start": 323}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which single from B'Day was only released in the U.K.?", "id": "56d4bc642ccc5a1400d83193", "answers": [{"text": "Green Light", "answer_start": 635}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9's second solo album B'Day was released on September 5, 2006, in the US, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday. It sold 541,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming Beyonc\u00e9's second consecutive number-one album in the United States. The album's lead single \"D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu\", featuring Jay Z, reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The second international single \"Irreplaceable\" was a commercial success worldwide, reaching number one in Australia, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States. B'Day also produced three other singles; \"Ring the Alarm\", \"Get Me Bodied\", and \"Green Light\" (released in the United Kingdom only)."}], ["Pada Anugerah Grammy Tahunan ke-52, Beyonc\u00e9 menerima sepuluh pencalonan, termasuk Album of the Year untuk I Am ... Sasha Fierce, Rekod Tahun untuk \"Halo\", dan Song of the Year untuk \"Wanita Tunggal (Letakkan Ring di It )\", dalam kalangan yang lain. Dia mengikat Lauryn Hill untuk pencalonan Grammy yang paling dalam satu tahun oleh seorang artis wanita. Pada tahun 2010, Beyonc\u00e9 ditonjolkan dalam \"Telefon\" tunggal Lady Gaga dan video muziknya. Lagu itu mendahului carta Lagu Pop Amerika Syarikat, menjadi nombor enam bagi kedua-dua Beyonc\u00e9 dan Gaga, mengikat mereka dengan Mariah Carey untuk kebanyakan nombor sejak carta airplay Nielsen Top 40 dilancarkan pada 1992. \"Telefon\" menerima pencalonan Grammy Award untuk Kerjasama Pop Terbaik dengan Vokal. <> Berapa banyak anugerah Beyonce yang dicalonkan pada Anugerah Grammy ke-52? || sepuluh <> Beyonce diikat dengan seniman yang paling banyak pencalonan oleh seniman perempuan? || Lauryn Hill <> Pada tahun 2010, Beyonce bekerja dengan penyanyi terkenal lain? || Lady Gaga <> Berapa banyak nombor satu perseorangan yang dimiliki Beyonce sekarang selepas lagu \"Telefon\"? || enam <> Beyonce mengikat siapa yang paling banyak nombor perseorangan oleh seorang wanita? || Mariah Carey <> Beyonce menerima berapa banyak pencalonan di Anugerah Grammy Tahunan ke-52? || sepuluh pencalonan <> Apa lagu lagu keenam pertama untuk Beyonce? || Telefon <> Siapa lagi yang muncul dengan Beyonce di Telefon? || Lady Gaga <> Siapa yang mereka mengikat dengan enam lagu teratas? || Mariah Carey <> Siapa yang Beyonce mengikat dengan paling banyak pencalonan dalam setahun? || Lauryn Hill <> Berapa banyak pencalonan yang diterima oleh Beyonce pada majlis Anugerah Grammy ke-52? || sepuluh <> Siapa yang mengikat Beyonce untuk pencalonan paling Grammy untuk artis wanita? || Lauryn Hill <> Beyonc\u00e9 adalah seorang artis yang menjadi penyanyi, Telefon? || Lady Gaga <> Siapa yang Beyonc\u00e9 dan Lady Gaga mengikat dengan nombor paling banyak sejak 1992? || Mariah Carey", {"qas": [{"question": "How many awards was Beyonce nominated for at the 52nd Grammy Awards?", "id": "56be973d3aeaaa14008c9120", "answers": [{"text": "ten", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce tied with which artist for most nominations by a female artist?", "id": "56be973d3aeaaa14008c9121", "answers": [{"text": "Lauryn Hill", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2010, Beyonce worked with which other famous singer?", "id": "56be973d3aeaaa14008c9122", "answers": [{"text": "Lady Gaga", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many number one singles did Beyonce now have after the song \"Telephone\"?", "id": "56be973d3aeaaa14008c9123", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce tied who for most number one singles by a female?", "id": "56be973d3aeaaa14008c9124", "answers": [{"text": "Mariah Carey", "answer_start": 517}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce received how many nominations at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards?", "id": "56bf9b57a10cfb14005511b1", "answers": [{"text": "ten nominations", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song was the sixth first place song for Beyonce?", "id": "56bf9b57a10cfb14005511b2", "answers": [{"text": "Telephone", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who else appeared with Beyonce in Telephone?", "id": "56bf9b57a10cfb14005511b3", "answers": [{"text": "Lady Gaga", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did they tie with for six top songs?", "id": "56bf9b57a10cfb14005511b4", "answers": [{"text": "Mariah Carey", "answer_start": 517}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonce tie with for the most nominations in a year?", "id": "56bf9b57a10cfb14005511b5", "answers": [{"text": "Lauryn Hill", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many nominations did Beyonc\u00e9 receive at the 52nd Grammy Awards ceremony?", "id": "56d4c1452ccc5a1400d831dc", "answers": [{"text": "ten", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonc\u00e9 tie with for the most Grammy nominations for female artists?", "id": "56d4c1452ccc5a1400d831de", "answers": [{"text": "Lauryn Hill", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonc\u00e9 was a featured artist on which singer's hit, Telephone?", "id": "56d4c1452ccc5a1400d831df", "answers": [{"text": "Lady Gaga", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonc\u00e9 and Lady Gaga tie with for the most number one hits since 1992?", "id": "56d4c1452ccc5a1400d831e0", "answers": [{"text": "Mariah Carey", "answer_start": 517}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards, Beyonc\u00e9 received ten nominations, including Album of the Year for I Am... Sasha Fierce, Record of the Year for \"Halo\", and Song of the Year for \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\", among others. She tied with Lauryn Hill for most Grammy nominations in a single year by a female artist. In 2010, Beyonc\u00e9 was featured on Lady Gaga's single \"Telephone\" and its music video. The song topped the US Pop Songs chart, becoming the sixth number-one for both Beyonc\u00e9 and Gaga, tying them with Mariah Carey for most number-ones since the Nielsen Top 40 airplay chart launched in 1992. \"Telephone\" received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals."}], ["Album studio keempatnya 4 dikeluarkan pada 28 Jun 2011 di Amerika Syarikat. 4 dijual 310,000 salinan pada minggu pertama dan memulakan kerjaya di atas carta Billboard 200, memberikan Beyonce keempat nombor berturut-turut berturut-turut di Amerika Syarikat. Album itu didahului oleh dua perseorangannya iaitu \"Run the World (Girls)\" dan \"Best Thing I Never Had\", yang kedua-duanya mencapai kejayaan yang sederhana. Single keempat \"Love on Top\" adalah kejayaan komersil di AS. 4 juga menghasilkan empat perseorangan lain; \"Parti\", \"Undur\", \"Saya Penjagaan\" dan \"Akhir Masa\". \"Makan, Main, Cinta\", sebuah kisah sampul yang ditulis oleh Beyonc\u00e9 untuk Essence yang merinci pemergian kerjaya tahun 2010, memenangi anugerah bertulis daripada Persatuan Wartawan Hitam New York. Pada akhir 2011, dia mengambil panggung di Roseland Ballroom di New York selama empat malam persembahan istimewa: 4 Intim Nights dengan konsert Beyonc\u00e9 menyaksikan prestasi album 4nya hanya untuk berdiri. <> Album keempat Beyonce memulakan tahun apa? || 2011 <> Single mana yang paling berjaya dari album itu? || Cinta di Atas <> Beyonce memenangi anugerah yang mana aktiviti pada 2011? || menulis <> pada tahun 2011, Beyonce dilakukan selama empat malam di mana? || Roseland Ballroom New York <> Bilakah album Beyonce yang dikeluarkan? || Jun 28, 2011 <> Berapa banyak salinan album yang dijual pada minggu pertama? || 310,000 salinan <> Siapa yang memberi Beyonce dan anugerah untuk menulis? || Persatuan Wartawan Hitam New York <> Bilakah dia tampil di ballroom Roseland? || 2011 <> Apakah nama album studio keempat Beyonc\u00e9? || 4 <> Bilakah 4 dibebaskan? || 28 Jun 2011 <> Berapa banyak salinan 4 dijual dalam minggu pertama? || 310,000 <> Apa majalah Beyonc\u00e9 menulis cerita tentang hosnya sebelumnya? || Essence <> Di mana Beyonc\u00e9 tampil untuk konsert malam hanya empat malam pada tahun 2011? || Roseland Ballroom New York", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce's fourth album debuted in what year?", "id": "56be9add3aeaaa14008c9152", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which single had the most success from that album?", "id": "56be9add3aeaaa14008c9153", "answers": [{"text": "Love on Top", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce won an award for which activity in 2011?", "id": "56be9add3aeaaa14008c9155", "answers": [{"text": "writing", "answer_start": 617}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "in 2011, Beyonce performed for four nights where?", "id": "56be9add3aeaaa14008c9156", "answers": [{"text": "New York's Roseland Ballroom", "answer_start": 719}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Beyonce's forth album released?", "id": "56bf9f6aa10cfb14005511cf", "answers": [{"text": "June 28, 2011", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many copies did the album sell in its first week?", "id": "56bf9f6aa10cfb14005511d0", "answers": [{"text": "310,000 copies", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who awarded Beyonce and award for writing?", "id": "56bf9f6aa10cfb14005511d2", "answers": [{"text": "New York Association of Black Journalists", "answer_start": 640}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did she perform at the Roseland ballroom?", "id": "56bf9f6aa10cfb14005511d3", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Beyonc\u00e9's fourth studio album?", "id": "56d4c4532ccc5a1400d83204", "answers": [{"text": "4", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was 4 released?", "id": "56d4c4532ccc5a1400d83205", "answers": [{"text": "June 28, 2011", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many copies of 4 sold in the first week?", "id": "56d4c4532ccc5a1400d83206", "answers": [{"text": "310,000", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What magazine did Beyonc\u00e9 write a story for about her earlier hiatus?", "id": "56d4c4532ccc5a1400d83207", "answers": [{"text": "Essence", "answer_start": 562}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Beyonc\u00e9 perform for four nights of standing room only concerts in 2011?", "id": "56d4c4532ccc5a1400d83208", "answers": [{"text": "New York's Roseland Ballroom", "answer_start": 719}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Her fourth studio album 4 was released on June 28, 2011 in the US. 4 sold 310,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, giving Beyonc\u00e9 her fourth consecutive number-one album in the US. The album was preceded by two of its singles \"Run the World (Girls)\" and \"Best Thing I Never Had\", which both attained moderate success. The fourth single \"Love on Top\" was a commercial success in the US. 4 also produced four other singles; \"Party\", \"Countdown\", \"I Care\" and \"End of Time\". \"Eat, Play, Love\", a cover story written by Beyonc\u00e9 for Essence that detailed her 2010 career break, won her a writing award from the New York Association of Black Journalists. In late 2011, she took the stage at New York's Roseland Ballroom for four nights of special performances: the 4 Intimate Nights with Beyonc\u00e9 concerts saw the performance of her 4 album to a standing room only."}], ["Peranan akting pertamanya pada tahun 2006 adalah dalam filem komedi The Pink Panther yang dibintangi bertentangan dengan Steve Martin, yang mencatatkan $ 158.8 juta di box office di seluruh dunia. Filem kedua Dreamgirls, versi filem 1981 Broadway muzikal longgar berdasarkan The Supremes, menerima pujian daripada pengkritik dan mencatatkan $ 154 juta di peringkat antarabangsa. Di dalamnya, dia membintangi Jennifer Hudson, Jamie Foxx, dan Eddie Murphy bermain penyanyi pop berdasarkan Diana Ross. Untuk mempromosikan filem itu, Beyonce mengeluarkan \"Listen\" sebagai single utama dari album soundtrack. Pada bulan April 2007, Beyonc\u00e9 memulakan The Beyonc\u00e9 Experience, lawatan konsertnya yang pertama di seluruh dunia, melawat 97 tempat dan menyumbang lebih dari $ 24 juta. [Note 1] Beyonc\u00e9 mengadakan pemacu derma makanan pra-konsert semasa enam perhentian utama bersama dengan pastornya di St. John dan America's Second Harvest. Pada masa yang sama, B'Day dibebaskan semula dengan lima lagu tambahan, termasuk duetnya dengan Shakira \"Beautiful Liar\". <> Filem apa yang dilakukan Beyonce pada 2006? || The Pink Panther <> Filem kedua Beyonce itu adalah filem apa? || Dreamgirls <> Single, \"Dengar\" dipaparkan di mana filem itu? || Dreamgirls <> Lawatan dunia pertama Beyonce adalah ketika? || 2007 <> Berapa banyak wang buat lawatan Beyonce pada tahun 2007? || 24 juta <> Berapa berjuta-juta dolar telah '' The Pink Panther '' merata di seluruh dunia? || 158.8 juta <> Apa yang dipanggil Beyonce sebagai konsert pertamanya? || Pengalaman Beyonc\u00e9 <> Siapa duet Beyonce dengan '' Beautiful Liar ''? || Shakira <> Filem mana yang menjadikan bintang Beyonc\u00e9 dengan Steve Martin? || The Pink Panther <> Peranan Beyonce dalam Dreamgirls berdasarkan apa penyanyi pop? || Diana Ross. <> Apakah single utama untuk soundtrack Dreamgirls? || Dengar <> Apa nama pelancongan antarabangsa pertama Beyonce? || Pengalaman Beyonce <> Apa penyanyi pop melakukan duet dengan Beyonc\u00e9 pada Beautiful Liar? || Shakira", {"qas": [{"question": "What movie did Beyonce act in 2006?", "id": "56be94703aeaaa14008c9102", "answers": [{"text": "The Pink Panther", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Her second movie Beyonce did was what film?", "id": "56be94703aeaaa14008c9103", "answers": [{"text": "Dreamgirls", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The single, \"Listen\" was featured in which movie?", "id": "56be94703aeaaa14008c9104", "answers": [{"text": "Dreamgirls", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce's first world tour was when?", "id": "56be94703aeaaa14008c9105", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 550}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money did Beyonce's tour make in 2007?", "id": "56be94703aeaaa14008c9106", "answers": [{"text": "24 million", "answer_start": 671}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many millions of dollars did ''The Pink Panther'' gross world-wide?", "id": "56bf95eaa10cfb1400551194", "answers": [{"text": "158.8 million", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Beyonce call her first concert tour?", "id": "56bf95eaa10cfb1400551195", "answers": [{"text": "The Beyonc\u00e9 Experience", "answer_start": 576}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Beyonce's duet with in ''Beautiful Liar''?", "id": "56bf95eaa10cfb1400551196", "answers": [{"text": "Shakira", "answer_start": 932}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which film did Beyonc\u00e9 star with Steve Martin in?", "id": "56d4bd272ccc5a1400d831a0", "answers": [{"text": "The Pink Panther", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonc\u00e9's role in Dreamgirls was based on what pop singer?", "id": "56d4bd272ccc5a1400d831a1", "answers": [{"text": "Diana Ross.", "answer_start": 436}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the lead single for the Dreamgirls soundtrack?", "id": "56d4bd272ccc5a1400d831a2", "answers": [{"text": "Listen", "answer_start": 487}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Beyonc\u00e9's first international tour?", "id": "56d4bd272ccc5a1400d831a3", "answers": [{"text": "The Beyonc\u00e9 Experience", "answer_start": 576}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What pop singer did a duet with Beyonc\u00e9 on Beautiful Liar?", "id": "56d4bd272ccc5a1400d831a4", "answers": [{"text": "Shakira", "answer_start": 932}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Her first acting role of 2006 was in the comedy film The Pink Panther starring opposite Steve Martin, grossing $158.8 million at the box office worldwide. Her second film Dreamgirls, the film version of the 1981 Broadway musical loosely based on The Supremes, received acclaim from critics and grossed $154 million internationally. In it, she starred opposite Jennifer Hudson, Jamie Foxx, and Eddie Murphy playing a pop singer based on Diana Ross. To promote the film, Beyonc\u00e9 released \"Listen\" as the lead single from the soundtrack album. In April 2007, Beyonc\u00e9 embarked on The Beyonc\u00e9 Experience, her first worldwide concert tour, visiting 97 venues and grossed over $24 million.[note 1] Beyonc\u00e9 conducted pre-concert food donation drives during six major stops in conjunction with her pastor at St. John's and America's Second Harvest. At the same time, B'Day was re-released with five additional songs, including her duet with Shakira \"Beautiful Liar\"."}], ["Pada tahun 2011, dokumen yang diperoleh oleh WikiLeaks mendedahkan bahawa Beyonc\u00e9 adalah salah seorang daripada penghibur yang dilakukan untuk keluarga pemerintah Libya, Muammar Gaddafi. Rolling Stone melaporkan bahawa industri muzik menggesa mereka untuk memulangkan wang yang mereka peroleh untuk konsert; seorang jurucakap Beyonce kemudian mengesahkan kepada The Huffington Post bahawa dia menyumbangkan wang tersebut ke Dana Clinton Bush Haiti. Kemudian pada tahun itu, dia menjadi artis wanita solo pertama yang mengetuai peringkat utama Pyramid pada Festival Glastonbury 2011 dalam lebih dari dua puluh tahun, dan dinobatkan sebagai pemain tertinggi dalam dunia per minit. <> Di mana pada tahun itu terdapat laporan tentang prestasi Beyonce untuk permukaan Muammar Gaddafi? || 2011 <> Siapa yang Beyonce menyumbangkan wang itu untuk mendapat hasil daripada rancangannya? || Clinton Bush Haiti Fund <> Beyonce menjadi artis wanita pertama untuk melakukan solo dalam 20 tahun di peringkat mana? || Pesta Glastonbury 2011 <> Organisasi mana yang menjadi jurucakap Beyonce mengesahkan sumbangannya? || The Huffington Post <> Beyonce telah disenaraikan pada tahun 2011 sebagai pelawat berbayar tertinggi per apa? || minit <> Hoe tidak semua orang tahu bahawa Beyonce dilakukan untuk Kaddafi? || dokumen yang diperoleh oleh WikiLeaks <> Bilakah kebocoran ini berlaku? || 2011 <> Siapa yang dia ceritakan tentang derma itu? || The Huffington Post <> Di manakah Beyonce tampil pada tahun 2011? || Glastonbury Festival <> Siapa yang Beyonc\u00e9 lakukan secara persendirian pada tahun 2011? || Muammar Gaddafi. <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan maklumat mengenai prestasi Beyonc\u00e9 untuk pemerintah Libya? || WikiLeaks <> Organisasi mana yang Beyonc\u00e9 menyumbangkan bayinya untuk persembahan peribadi? || Clinton Bush Haiti Fund. <> Beyonc\u00e9 adalah penyanyi perempuan pertama yang mengetengahkan apa pada Festival Glastonbury 2011? || Peringkat piramid", {"qas": [{"question": "In which year was reports about Beyonce performing for Muammar Gaddafi surface?", "id": "56be99b53aeaaa14008c913e", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonce donate the money to earned from her shows?", "id": "56be99b53aeaaa14008c913f", "answers": [{"text": "Clinton Bush Haiti Fund", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce became the first female artist to perform solo in 20 years at which stage?", "id": "56be99b53aeaaa14008c9140", "answers": [{"text": "the 2011 Glastonbury Festival", "answer_start": 486}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which organization did Beyonce's spokespeople confirm her donations to?", "id": "56be99b53aeaaa14008c9141", "answers": [{"text": "The Huffington Post", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce was listed in 2011 as the highest paid performer per what?", "id": "56be99b53aeaaa14008c9142", "answers": [{"text": "minute", "answer_start": 596}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Hoe did everyone learn that Beyonce performed for Kaddafi?", "id": "56bf9dbda10cfb14005511c5", "answers": [{"text": "documents obtained by WikiLeaks", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did this leak happen?", "id": "56bf9dbda10cfb14005511c6", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did she tell about the donation?", "id": "56bf9dbda10cfb14005511c8", "answers": [{"text": "The Huffington Post", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Beyonce perform in 2011?", "id": "56bf9dbda10cfb14005511c9", "answers": [{"text": "Glastonbury Festival", "answer_start": 495}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonc\u00e9 perform privately for in 2011?", "id": "56d4c2b22ccc5a1400d831f2", "answers": [{"text": "Muammar Gaddafi.", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who released the information about Beyonc\u00e9's performance for the Libyan ruler?", "id": "56d4c2b22ccc5a1400d831f3", "answers": [{"text": "WikiLeaks", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which organization did Beyonc\u00e9 donate her pay for the private performance to?", "id": "56d4c2b22ccc5a1400d831f4", "answers": [{"text": "Clinton Bush Haiti Fund.", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonc\u00e9 was the first female singer to headline what at the 2011 Glastonbury Festival?", "id": "56d4c2b22ccc5a1400d831f5", "answers": [{"text": "Pyramid stage", "answer_start": 469}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2011, documents obtained by WikiLeaks revealed that Beyonc\u00e9 was one of many entertainers who performed for the family of Libyan ruler Muammar Gaddafi. Rolling Stone reported that the music industry was urging them to return the money they earned for the concerts; a spokesperson for Beyonc\u00e9 later confirmed to The Huffington Post that she donated the money to the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund. Later that year she became the first solo female artist to headline the main Pyramid stage at the 2011 Glastonbury Festival in over twenty years, and was named the highest-paid performer in the world per minute."}], ["Beyonc\u00e9 memperluaskan kerjaya lakonannya, yang dibintangi sebagai penyanyi blues Etta James dalam biopik muzik 2008, Cadillac Records. Penampilannya dalam filem itu mendapat pujian dari pengkritik, dan dia mendapat beberapa pencalonan untuk menggambarkan James, termasuk pencalonan Anugerah Satelit untuk Pelakon Terbaik, dan pencalonan Anugerah Imej NAACP untuk Pelakon Cemerlang. Beyonc\u00e9 menyumbangkan keseluruhan gajinya dari filem itu ke Phoenix House, sebuah organisasi pusat pemulihan untuk penagih heroin di seluruh negara. Pada 20 Januari 2009, Beyonc\u00e9 melakukan James '\"At Last\" di bola sulung pertama Pasangan Pertama. Beyonc\u00e9 membintangi Ali Larter dan Idris Elba dalam thriller, Obsessed. Dia memainkan Sharon Charles, seorang ibu dan isteri yang belajar tentang tingkah laku wanita yang obsesif terhadap suaminya. Walaupun filem ini mendapat ulasan negatif dari pengkritik, filem itu berfungsi dengan baik di pejabat peti AS, yang mencecah $ 68 juta - $ 60 juta lebih daripada Cadillac Records-dengan anggaran $ 20 juta. Pertandingan perjudian antara Sharon dan watak yang dimainkan oleh Ali Larter juga memenangi Anugerah Filem MTV 2010 untuk Perjuangan Terbaik. <> Beyonce menggambarkan watak dalam filem ini, Cadillac Records? || Etta James <> Beyonce memberikan seluruh gaji dari Cadillac Records ke organisasi mana? || Phoenix House <> Lagu yang mana Beyonce bernyanyi di bola sulung pasangan pertama? || Pada Akhir <> Apakah genre filem yang menjadi filem, Obsessed, di mana Beyonce membintangi? || Thriller <> Satu adegan pertarungan dari filem, Obsessed, memenangi anugerah untuk Beyonce? || Anugerah Filem MTV untuk Perjuangan Terbaik <> Di manakah Beyonce menyumbangkan gajinya daripada filem Cadillac Records? || Phoenix House <> Apa film thriller yang membuat bintang Beyonce? || Obsessed <> Apa nama wanita yang dimainkannya di Obsessed? || Sharon Charles <> Berapa banyak lagi yang buget melakukan filem kasar? || 60 juta <> Penyanyi mana yang menggambarkan Beyonce dalam Rekod Cadillac? || Etta James <> Organisasi mana yang menerima gaji seluruh Cadillac Records Beyonc\u00e9? || Phoenix House <> Di manakah Beyonc\u00e9 tampil pada 20 Januari 2009? || bola sulung pertama pasangan pertama. <> Filem thriller mana yang menjadikan bintang Beyonc\u00e9 dengan Ali Larter? || Taksub.", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce portrayed which character in the film, Cadillac Records?", "id": "56be96653aeaaa14008c9116", "answers": [{"text": "Etta James", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce gave her entire salary from Cadillac Records to which organization?", "id": "56be96653aeaaa14008c9117", "answers": [{"text": "Phoenix House", "answer_start": 439}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which song did Beyonce sing at the first couple's inaugural ball? ", "id": "56be96653aeaaa14008c9118", "answers": [{"text": "At Last", "answer_start": 582}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre of film was the movie, Obsessed, in which Beyonce starred in?", "id": "56be96653aeaaa14008c9119", "answers": [{"text": "thriller", "answer_start": 693}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A fight scene from the movie, Obsessed, won which award for Beyonce?", "id": "56be96653aeaaa14008c911a", "answers": [{"text": "MTV Movie Award for Best Fight", "answer_start": 1101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Beyonce donate her salary from the movie Cadillac Records?", "id": "56bf99aca10cfb14005511a7", "answers": [{"text": "Phoenix House", "answer_start": 439}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What thriller film did Beyonce star in?", "id": "56bf99aca10cfb14005511a9", "answers": [{"text": "Obsessed", "answer_start": 703}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the woman she played in Obsessed?", "id": "56bf99aca10cfb14005511aa", "answers": [{"text": "Sharon Charles", "answer_start": 724}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much more that the buget did the film gross?", "id": "56bf99aca10cfb14005511ab", "answers": [{"text": "60 million", "answer_start": 940}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which singer did Beyonc\u00e9 portray in Cadillac Records?", "id": "56d4c0452ccc5a1400d831c8", "answers": [{"text": "Etta James", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which organization received Beyonc\u00e9's entire Cadillac Records salary?", "id": "56d4c0452ccc5a1400d831c9", "answers": [{"text": "Phoenix House", "answer_start": 439}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Beyonc\u00e9 perform on January 20, 2009?", "id": "56d4c0452ccc5a1400d831ca", "answers": [{"text": "the First Couple's first inaugural ball.", "answer_start": 594}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which thriller film did Beyonc\u00e9 star in with Ali Larter?", "id": "56d4c0452ccc5a1400d831cb", "answers": [{"text": "Obsessed.", "answer_start": 703}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9 further expanded her acting career, starring as blues singer Etta James in the 2008 musical biopic, Cadillac Records. Her performance in the film received praise from critics, and she garnered several nominations for her portrayal of James, including a Satellite Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress, and a NAACP Image Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress. Beyonc\u00e9 donated her entire salary from the film to Phoenix House, an organization of rehabilitation centers for heroin addicts around the country. On January 20, 2009, Beyonc\u00e9 performed James' \"At Last\" at the First Couple's first inaugural ball. Beyonc\u00e9 starred opposite Ali Larter and Idris Elba in the thriller, Obsessed. She played Sharon Charles, a mother and wife who learns of a woman's obsessive behavior over her husband. Although the film received negative reviews from critics, the movie did well at the US box office, grossing $68 million\u2014$60 million more than Cadillac Records\u2014on a budget of $20 million. The fight scene finale between Sharon and the character played by Ali Larter also won the 2010 MTV Movie Award for Best Fight."}], ["Pada bulan November 2003, beliau memulakan Pelancaran Dangerously in Love di Eropah dan kemudian melawat bersama Missy Elliott dan Alicia Keys untuk Tour First Ladies Verizon di Amerika Utara. Pada 1 Februari 2004, Beyonc\u00e9 mempersembahkan lagu kebangsaan Amerika di Super Bowl XXXVIII, di Reliant Stadium di Houston, Texas. Selepas dibebaskan dari Berbahaya Cinta, Beyonce telah merancang untuk menghasilkan album susulan menggunakan beberapa trek kiri. Walau bagaimanapun, ini ditangguhkan supaya dia dapat menumpukan perhatian kepada rakaman Destiny Fulfilled, album studio akhir oleh Destiny's Child. Dikeluarkan pada 15 November 2004, di Amerika Syarikat dan muncul di nombor dua di Billboard 200, Destiny Fulfilled termasuk single \"Lose My Breath\" dan \"Soldier\", yang mencapai lima teratas dalam carta Billboard Hot 100. Destiny's Child memulakan lawatan konsert di seluruh dunia, Destiny Fulfilled ... dan Lovin 'It dan semasa perhentian terakhir mereka di Eropah, di Barcelona pada 11 Jun 2005, Rowland mengumumkan bahawa Destiny's Child akan dibubarkan berikutan kaki Amerika Utara pelancongan. Kumpulan ini mengeluarkan album kompilasi pertama mereka Nombor 1 pada 25 Oktober 2005, di AS dan menerima bintang di Hollywood Walk of Fame pada bulan Mac 2006. <> Album akhir Destiny's Child dinamakan apa? || Destiny Fulfilled <> Destiny's Child mendapat bintang di Hollywood Walk of Fame dalam tahun berapa? || 2006 <> Pada tahun apakah Beyonce memulakan lawatannya yang Dangerously in Love ke Eropah? || November 2003 <> Apakah nama album akhir Destiny's Child? || Destiny Fulfilled <> Telah diumumkan bahawa Destiny's Child akan menyeberang di kota Eropah apa? || Barcelona <> Bilakah Destiny's Child mendapat bintang mereka di Hollywood Walk of Fame? || Mac 2006 <> Apakah nama awal Beyonce di Eropah bermula pada bulan November 2003? || Berbahaya pada Tour Cinta <> Siapa yang melawat Beyonce untuk Tour First Liz Verizon? || Missy Elliott dan Alicia Keys <> Apa acara utama Beyonce lakukan pada 1 Februari 2004? || Super Bowl XXXVIII <> Apakah nama album studio akhir dari Destiny's Child? || Destiny Fulfilled.", {"qas": [{"question": "Destiny's Child's final album was named what?", "id": "56be91b23aeaaa14008c90f0", "answers": [{"text": "Destiny Fulfilled", "answer_start": 513}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Destiny's Child got a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in what year?", "id": "56be91b23aeaaa14008c90f2", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 1212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Beyonce embark on her Dangerously in Love tour of Europe?", "id": "56bf91c6a10cfb140055117f", "answers": [{"text": "November 2003", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the final album of Destiny's Child?", "id": "56bf91c6a10cfb1400551181", "answers": [{"text": "Destiny Fulfilled", "answer_start": 664}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "It was announced that Destiny's Child would  disban in what European city?", "id": "56bf91c6a10cfb1400551182", "answers": [{"text": "Barcelona", "answer_start": 935}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Destiny's Child get their star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame?", "id": "56bf91c6a10cfb1400551183", "answers": [{"text": "March 2006", "answer_start": 1206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Beyonc\u00e9's European start that started in November 2003?", "id": "56d4baf92ccc5a1400d8317c", "answers": [{"text": "Dangerously in Love Tour", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonc\u00e9 tour with for the Verizon Lades First Tour?", "id": "56d4baf92ccc5a1400d8317d", "answers": [{"text": "Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What major event did Beyonc\u00e9 perform at on February 1, 2004?", "id": "56d4baf92ccc5a1400d8317e", "answers": [{"text": "Super Bowl XXXVIII", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the final studio album from Destiny's Child?", "id": "56d4baf92ccc5a1400d8317f", "answers": [{"text": "Destiny Fulfilled.", "answer_start": 848}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In November 2003, she embarked on the Dangerously in Love Tour in Europe and later toured alongside Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys for the Verizon Ladies First Tour in North America. On February 1, 2004, Beyonc\u00e9 performed the American national anthem at Super Bowl XXXVIII, at the Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas. After the release of Dangerously in Love, Beyonc\u00e9 had planned to produce a follow-up album using several of the left-over tracks. However, this was put on hold so she could concentrate on recording Destiny Fulfilled, the final studio album by Destiny's Child. Released on November 15, 2004, in the US and peaking at number two on the Billboard 200, Destiny Fulfilled included the singles \"Lose My Breath\" and \"Soldier\", which reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Destiny's Child embarked on a worldwide concert tour, Destiny Fulfilled... and Lovin' It and during the last stop of their European tour, in Barcelona on June 11, 2005, Rowland announced that Destiny's Child would disband following the North American leg of the tour. The group released their first compilation album Number 1's on October 25, 2005, in the US and accepted a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in March 2006."}], ["Rakaman solo pertama Beyonc\u00e9 adalah ciri pada \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" Jay Z yang dikeluarkan pada bulan Oktober 2002, memuncak pada nombor empat di carta A.S. Billboard Hot 100. Album solo pertama beliau Dangerously in Love telah dikeluarkan pada 24 Jun 2003, selepas Michelle Williams dan Kelly Rowland telah mengeluarkan usaha solo mereka. Album itu dijual 317,000 salinan dalam minggu pertama, debutnya di atas Billboard 200, dan telah menjual 11 juta kopi di seluruh dunia. Single memimpin album, \"Crazy in Love\", yang memaparkan Jay Z, menjadi nombor tunggal Beyonce pertama sebagai artis solo di Amerika Syarikat. Single \"Baby Boy\" juga mencapai nombor satu, dan single, \"Me, Myself and I\" dan \"Naughty Girl\", kedua-duanya mencapai tahap lima besar. Album yang diperoleh Beyonc\u00e9 kemudian mencatat lima anugerah pada Anugerah Grammy Tahunan ke-46; Album R & B Kontemporari Terbaik, Prestasi Vokalis R & B Terbaik untuk \"Dangerously in Love 2\", Lagu R & B Terbaik dan Kerjasama Rap / Sung Terbaik untuk \"Crazy in Love\" dan Prestasi R & B Terbaik oleh Duo atau Kumpulan dengan Vokal untuk \"The Closer I Pergi ke Anda \"dengan Luther Vandross. <> Apakah rakaman solo Beyonce pertama yang dicapai dalam Billboard Hot 100? || nombor empat <> Beyonce pertama album sendiri dipanggil apa? || Dangerously in Love <> Berapa banyak yang \"Dangerously in Love\" jiwa di seluruh dunia sejak debutnya? || 11 juta <> lagu pertama Beyonce yang pertama lagu mana? || Crazy in Love <> Berapa banyak lima perseorangan terbaik datang dari album pertamanya? || empat <> album solo pertama Beyonce di A.S. dengan artis mana yang paling utama? || Jay Z <> Apa album solo yang dibebaskan Beyonce pada tahun 2003? || Dangerously in Love <> Album, Dangerously in Love mencapai apa tempat di carta Billboard Top 100? || nombor empat <> \"The Closer I get to You\" dirakamkan dengan artis mana? || Luther Vandross <> Artis mana yang dikaitkan dengan rakaman solo perdana Beyonc\u00e9? || Jay Z <> Kapan Beyonc\u00e9 melepaskan album solo pertamanya? || 24 Jun 2003 <> Apakah single utama pada album pertama Beyonce? || Crazy in Love <> Yang membantu Beyonc\u00e9 mendapat anugerah Grammy untuk Prestasi R & B Terbaik oleh Duo atau Kumpulan pada Anugerah Grammy tahunan ke-46? || Luther Vandross. <> Berapa banyak penganugerahan Beyonce menang di Anugerah Grammy ke-46? || lima.", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the highest Beyonce's first solo recording achieved in the Billboard Hot 100?", "id": "56be90ee3aeaaa14008c90e4", "answers": [{"text": "number four", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce's first album by herself was called what?", "id": "56be90ee3aeaaa14008c90e5", "answers": [{"text": "Dangerously in Love", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many has \"Dangerously in Love\" sould worldwide since its debut?", "id": "56be90ee3aeaaa14008c90e6", "answers": [{"text": "11 million", "answer_start": 419}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce's first number one song was which song?", "id": "56be90ee3aeaaa14008c90e7", "answers": [{"text": "Crazy in Love", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many top five singles came from her first album?", "id": "56be90ee3aeaaa14008c90e8", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce's first solo album in the U.S. with what artist in the lead single?", "id": "56bf8fc1a10cfb1400551175", "answers": [{"text": "Jay Z", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What solo album did Beyonce release in 2003?", "id": "56bf8fc1a10cfb1400551176", "answers": [{"text": "Dangerously in Love", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": " The album, Dangerously in Love  achieved what spot on the Billboard Top 100 chart?", "id": "56bf8fc1a10cfb1400551177", "answers": [{"text": "number four", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "\"The Closer I get to You\" was recorded with which artist?", "id": "56bf8fc1a10cfb1400551178", "answers": [{"text": "Luther Vandross", "answer_start": 1042}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which artist was associated with Beyonc\u00e9's premiere solo recording?", "id": "56d4b9702ccc5a1400d83172", "answers": [{"text": "Jay Z", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonc\u00e9 release her first solo album?", "id": "56d4b9702ccc5a1400d83173", "answers": [{"text": "June 24, 2003", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the lead single on Beyonc\u00e9's first album?", "id": "56d4b9702ccc5a1400d83174", "answers": [{"text": "Crazy in Love", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who helped Beyonc\u00e9 earn a Grammy award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group at the 46th annual Grammy Awards?", "id": "56d4b9702ccc5a1400d83175", "answers": [{"text": "Luther Vandross.", "answer_start": 1042}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many awards did Beyonc\u00e9 win at the 46th Grammy's Awards?", "id": "56d4b9702ccc5a1400d83176", "answers": [{"text": "five.", "answer_start": 696}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9's first solo recording was a feature on Jay Z's \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" that was released in October 2002, peaking at number four on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. Her first solo album Dangerously in Love was released on June 24, 2003, after Michelle Williams and Kelly Rowland had released their solo efforts. The album sold 317,000 copies in its first week, debuted atop the Billboard 200, and has since sold 11 million copies worldwide. The album's lead single, \"Crazy in Love\", featuring Jay Z, became Beyonc\u00e9's first number-one single as a solo artist in the US. The single \"Baby Boy\" also reached number one, and singles, \"Me, Myself and I\" and \"Naughty Girl\", both reached the top-five. The album earned Beyonc\u00e9 a then record-tying five awards at the 46th Annual Grammy Awards; Best Contemporary R&B Album, Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for \"Dangerously in Love 2\", Best R&B Song and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for \"Crazy in Love\", and Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for \"The Closer I Get to You\" with Luther Vandross."}], ["Pada 4 April 2008, Beyonc\u00e9 berkahwin dengan Jay Z. Dia secara terbuka mendedahkan perkahwinan mereka dalam montaj video di pesta pendengaran untuk album studio ketiga, I Am ... Sasha Fierce, di Sony Club Manhattan pada 22 Oktober 2008. Saya ... Sasha Fierce telah dibebaskan pada 18 November 2008 di Amerika Syarikat. Album itu secara rasmi memperkenalkan Beyonc\u00e9's alter ego Sasha Fierce, yang dikandung semasa membuat single \"Crazy in Love\" pada 2003, menjual 482,000 naskhah pada minggu pertama, mendahului di Billboard 200, dan memberikan Beyonc\u00e9 album nombor satu berturut-turut ketiga AS. Album ini menampilkan lagu nombor satu \"Single Ladies (Letakkan Ring on It)\" dan lima lagu teratas \"If I Was a Boy\" dan \"Halo\". Mencapai kejayaan menjadi terpinggir 100 teratas dalam karirnya, kejayaan \"Halo\" di AS membantu Beyonc\u00e9 mencapai lebih banyak sepuluh perseorangan dalam senarai daripada wanita lain sepanjang tahun 2000an. Ia juga termasuk \"Sweet Dreams\" yang berjaya, dan single \"Diva\", \"Ego\", \"Girl Broken-Hearted\" dan \"Video Phone\". Video muzik untuk \"Wanita Tunggal\" telah ditiru dan ditiru di seluruh dunia, memancarkan \"kegilaan tarian utama pertama\" zaman Internet menurut Bintang Toronto. Video ini telah memenangi beberapa anugerah, termasuk Video Terbaik pada 2009 MTV Europe Music Awards, 2009 MOBO Awards Scotland, dan Anugerah 2009 BET. Pada Anugerah Video Video MTV 2009, video ini telah dinamakan sembilan anugerah, akhirnya memenangi tiga termasuk Video of the Year. Kegagalannya untuk memenangi kategori Video Wanita Terbaik, yang pergi ke penyanyi pop negara Amerika Syarikat, Taylor Swift \"You Belong with Me\", membawa kepada Kanye West mengganggu majlis itu dan Beyonc\u00e9 membuat persembahan semula pembaharuan Swift semasa ucapan penerimaannya sendiri. Pada bulan Mac 2009, Beyonc\u00e9 memulakan I ... World Tour, yang menjadi pelopor kedua dalam konsertnya di seluruh dunia, yang terdiri daripada 108 pertunjukan, mencecah $ 119.5 juta. <> Beyonce berkahwin pada tahun 2008 kepada siapa? || Jay Z <> Album ketiga, \"Saya ... Sasha Fierce\" dibebaskan ketika? || 18 November 2008 <> Untuk mana dekad itu, adakah Beyonce mempunyai sepuluh lagu lebih tinggi daripada wanita lain? || 2000s <> Penyanyi mana yang mengalahkan Beyonce untuk prestasi video terbaik? || Taylor Swift <> Pada tahun 2009, Beyonce memulakan tur dunia kedua dan menyerap berapa banyak wang? || 119.5 juta <> Bagaimana dia mendedahkan perkahwinan itu? || dalam montaj video <> Kapan Beyonce memulakan tur dunia kedua? || Mac 2009 <> Siapa yang mengalahkan Beyonce untuk Video Wanita Terbaik? || Taylor Swift <> Berapa banyak lawatan dunia kedua dalam dolar? || 119.5 juta <> Kapan Beyonce berkahwin? || April 4, 2008 <> Siapa yang Beyonce berkahwin? || Jay Z. <> Siapakah alter ego Beyonc\u00e9? || Sasha Fierce <> Video untuk lagu apa yang memenangi Beyonce 2009 MTV Video of the Year? || Wanita Tunggal <> Bintang terkenal yang merasakan anugerah Video Wanita Tahun 2009 sepatutnya pergi ke Beyonce bukannya Taylor Swift? || Kanye West", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce got married in 2008 to whom?", "id": "56be95823aeaaa14008c910c", "answers": [{"text": "Jay Z", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Her third album, \"I am...Sasha Fierce\" was released when?", "id": "56be95823aeaaa14008c910d", "answers": [{"text": "November 18, 2008", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For which decade, did Beyonce have more top ten songs than any other woman?", "id": "56be95823aeaaa14008c910e", "answers": [{"text": "2000s", "answer_start": 897}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which singer beat out Beyonce for best video performance?", "id": "56be95823aeaaa14008c910f", "answers": [{"text": "Taylor Swift", "answer_start": 1567}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2009, Beyonce started her second world tour and grossed how much money?", "id": "56be95823aeaaa14008c9110", "answers": [{"text": "119.5 million", "answer_start": 1881}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did she reveal the marriage?", "id": "56bf97aba10cfb140055119e", "answers": [{"text": "in a video montage", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonce begin her second world tour?", "id": "56bf97aba10cfb140055119f", "answers": [{"text": "March 2009", "answer_start": 1744}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who beat out Beyonce for Best Female Video ?", "id": "56bf97aba10cfb14005511a0", "answers": [{"text": "Taylor Swift", "answer_start": 1567}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did the second world tour make in dollars?", "id": "56bf97aba10cfb14005511a1", "answers": [{"text": "119.5 million", "answer_start": 1881}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonc\u00e9 get married?", "id": "56d4bf242ccc5a1400d831be", "answers": [{"text": "April 4, 2008", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonc\u00e9 marry?", "id": "56d4bf242ccc5a1400d831bf", "answers": [{"text": "Jay Z.", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is Beyonc\u00e9's alter ego?", "id": "56d4bf242ccc5a1400d831c0", "answers": [{"text": "Sasha Fierce", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The video for what song won Beyonc\u00e9 the 2009 MTV Video of the Year award?", "id": "56d4bf242ccc5a1400d831c1", "answers": [{"text": "Single Ladies", "answer_start": 605}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which prominent star felt the 2009 Female Video of the Year award should have went to Beyonc\u00e9 instead of Taylor Swift?", "id": "56d4bf242ccc5a1400d831c2", "answers": [{"text": "Kanye West", "answer_start": 1611}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On April 4, 2008, Beyonc\u00e9 married Jay Z. She publicly revealed their marriage in a video montage at the listening party for her third studio album, I Am... Sasha Fierce, in Manhattan's Sony Club on October 22, 2008. I Am... Sasha Fierce was released on November 18, 2008 in the United States. The album formally introduces Beyonc\u00e9's alter ego Sasha Fierce, conceived during the making of her 2003 single \"Crazy in Love\", selling 482,000 copies in its first week, debuting atop the Billboard 200, and giving Beyonc\u00e9 her third consecutive number-one album in the US. The album featured the number-one song \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\" and the top-five songs \"If I Were a Boy\" and \"Halo\". Achieving the accomplishment of becoming her longest-running Hot 100 single in her career, \"Halo\"'s success in the US helped Beyonc\u00e9 attain more top-ten singles on the list than any other woman during the 2000s. It also included the successful \"Sweet Dreams\", and singles \"Diva\", \"Ego\", \"Broken-Hearted Girl\" and \"Video Phone\". The music video for \"Single Ladies\" has been parodied and imitated around the world, spawning the \"first major dance craze\" of the Internet age according to the Toronto Star. The video has won several awards, including Best Video at the 2009 MTV Europe Music Awards, the 2009 Scottish MOBO Awards, and the 2009 BET Awards. At the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards, the video was nominated for nine awards, ultimately winning three including Video of the Year. Its failure to win the Best Female Video category, which went to American country pop singer Taylor Swift's \"You Belong with Me\", led to Kanye West interrupting the ceremony and Beyonc\u00e9 improvising a re-presentation of Swift's award during her own acceptance speech. In March 2009, Beyonc\u00e9 embarked on the I Am... World Tour, her second headlining worldwide concert tour, consisting of 108 shows, grossing $119.5 million."}], ["Pada 6 Februari 2016, sehari sebelum pertunjukannya di Super Bowl, Beyonc\u00e9 mengeluarkan single baru eksklusif pada perkhidmatan streaming muzik Tidal yang dinamakan \"Formasi\". <> Beyonce mengeluarkan lagu \"Formasi\" di mana perkhidmatan muzik dalam talian? || Tidal <> Single baru Beyonce yang dikeluarkan sebelum mangkuk super dipanggil apa? || Pembentukan <> hari mana Beyonce melepaskan single nya, Pembentukan? || 6 Februari 2016 <> Bagaimana tunggal dikeluarkan? || secara eksklusif <> Apa nama perkhidmatan penstriman? || Tidal <> Platform apa jenis lagu yang dikeluarkan? || muzik streaming <> Bilakah Beyonc\u00e9 melepaskan Formasi? || 6 Februari 2016 <> Di manakah Beyonc\u00e9 secara eksklusif melepaskan singlenya, Pembentukan? || Tidal", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce released the song \"Formation\" on which online music service?", "id": "56bea27b3aeaaa14008c9199", "answers": [{"text": "Tidal", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce's new single released before the super bowl was called what?", "id": "56bea27b3aeaaa14008c919a", "answers": [{"text": "Formation", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What day did Beyonce release her single, Formation?", "id": "56bfa8bba10cfb140055120b", "answers": [{"text": "February 6, 2016", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How was the single released?", "id": "56bfa8bba10cfb140055120c", "answers": [{"text": "exclusively", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the streaming service?", "id": "56bfa8bba10cfb140055120d", "answers": [{"text": "Tidal", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of platform was the song released?", "id": "56bfa8bba10cfb140055120f", "answers": [{"text": "music streaming", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonc\u00e9 release Formation?", "id": "56d4cee32ccc5a1400d8324a", "answers": [{"text": "February 6, 2016", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Beyonc\u00e9 exclusively release her single, Formation?", "id": "56d4cee32ccc5a1400d8324b", "answers": [{"text": "Tidal", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On February 6, 2016, one day before her performance at the Super Bowl, Beyonc\u00e9 released a new single exclusively on music streaming service Tidal called \"Formation\"."}], ["Pada 7 Januari 2012, Beyonc\u00e9 melahirkan seorang anak perempuan, Blue Ivy Carter, di Lenox Hill Hospital di New York dengan keselamatan yang berat. Dua hari kemudian, Jay Z mengeluarkan \"Kemuliaan\", sebuah lagu yang didedikasikan untuk anaknya, di laman webnya Lifeandtimes.com. Lagu ini memperincikan perjuangan kehamilan pasangan itu, termasuk keguguran Beyonc\u00e9 yang menderita sebelum hamil dengan Blue Ivy. Lagu-lagu Blue Ivy disertakan pada akhir lagu, dan dia secara rasmi dikreditkan sebagai \"B.I.C.\" di atasnya. Pada usia dua hari, dia menjadi orang termuda yang pernah muncul di carta Billboard apabila \"Glory\" memulakan kerjaya dalam carta Songs R & B / Hip-Hop Hot. <> Jay Z mempunyai laman web yang dipanggil apa? || Lifeandtimes.com <> Lagu yang mana oleh Jay Z bercakap tentang perjuangan kehamilan? || Kemuliaan <> Apa nama anak perempuan Beyonce? || Blue Ivy Carter <> Di hospital apakah bayi itu dihantar? || Hospital Lenox Hill <> Apakah nama lagu yang ditujukan kepada kanak-kanak itu? || Kemuliaan <> Apa itu B.I.C. berdiri untuk? || Blue Ivy Carter <> Siapa yang dikreditkan untuk menangis di lagu itu? || B.I.C. <> Kapan Beyonce melahirkan anak perempuannya? || 7 Januari 2012 <> Apakah Beyonce dan Jay Z menamakan anak perempuan mereka? || Blue Ivy Carter <> Lagu apa yang dilepaskan Jay Z dua hari selepas Blue Ivy dilahirkan? || Kemuliaan <> Apa yang termasuk pada akhir Kemuliaan? || Blue Ivy menangis <> Bagaimana Blue Ivy dikreditkan pada Kemuliaan? || B.I.C.", {"qas": [{"question": "Jay Z has a website called what?", "id": "56bea9043aeaaa14008c91b1", "answers": [{"text": "Lifeandtimes.com", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which song by Jay Z talked about the pregnancy struggles?", "id": "56bea9043aeaaa14008c91b3", "answers": [{"text": "Glory", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Beyonce's daughter?", "id": "56bfacdda10cfb1400551229", "answers": [{"text": "Blue Ivy Carter", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what hospital was the baby delivered?", "id": "56bfacdda10cfb140055122a", "answers": [{"text": "Lenox Hill Hospital", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the named of the song  dedicated to the child?", "id": "56bfacdda10cfb140055122b", "answers": [{"text": "Glory", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does B.I.C. stand for?", "id": "56bfacdda10cfb140055122c", "answers": [{"text": "Blue Ivy Carter", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was credited for her cries on the song?", "id": "56bfacdda10cfb140055122d", "answers": [{"text": "B.I.C.", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonc\u00e9 give birth to her daughter?", "id": "56d4d2232ccc5a1400d83262", "answers": [{"text": "January 7, 2012", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay Z name their daughter?", "id": "56d4d2232ccc5a1400d83263", "answers": [{"text": "Blue Ivy Carter", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Jay Z release two days after Blue Ivy was born?", "id": "56d4d2232ccc5a1400d83264", "answers": [{"text": "Glory", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is included at the end of Glory?", "id": "56d4d2232ccc5a1400d83265", "answers": [{"text": "Blue Ivy's cries", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How was Blue Ivy credited on Glory?", "id": "56d4d2232ccc5a1400d83266", "answers": [{"text": "B.I.C.", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On January 7, 2012, Beyonc\u00e9 gave birth to a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York under heavy security. Two days later, Jay Z released \"Glory\", a song dedicated to their child, on his website Lifeandtimes.com. The song detailed the couple's pregnancy struggles, including a miscarriage Beyonc\u00e9 suffered before becoming pregnant with Blue Ivy. Blue Ivy's cries are included at the end of the song, and she was officially credited as \"B.I.C.\" on it. At two days old, she became the youngest person ever to appear on a Billboard chart when \"Glory\" debuted on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart."}], ["Pada 7 Januari 2012, Beyonc\u00e9 melahirkan anak pertamanya, seorang anak perempuan, Blue Ivy Carter, di Lenox Hill Hospital di New York. Lima bulan kemudian, dia menunaikan empat malam di Ovation Hall di Revel Atlantic City untuk meraikan pembukaan resort itu, persembahan pertamanya sejak melahirkan Blue Ivy. <> Bilakah Beyonce mempunyai anak pertamanya? || 7 Januari 2012 <> Di manakah Beyonce melahirkan anak pertamanya? || Hospital Lenox Hill <> Anak pertama Beyonce dinamakan apa? || Blue Ivy Carter <> Penampilan pertamanya sejak melahirkan adalah di mana? || Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall <> Bilakah Beyonce mempunyai anak pertamanya? || 7 Januari 2012 <> Apa nama kanak-kanak itu? || Blue Ivy Carter <> Berapa lama selepas kelahiran anaknya sebelum dia melakukan lagi? || Lima bulan <> Berapa malam dia melakukan di Atlantic City? || empat malam <> Bilakah Beyonce melahirkan seorang anak perempuan? || 7 Januari 2012 <> Apa nama Beyonce menamakan anaknya? || Blue Ivy Carter <> Dimana Blue Ivy dilahirkan? || Hospital Lenox Hill di New York. <> Di mana prestasi awam Beyonc\u00e9 pertama selepas melahirkan? || Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall <> Berapa malam Beyonce bermain di resort? || empat", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Beyonce have her first child?", "id": "56be9bb83aeaaa14008c915c", "answers": [{"text": "January 7, 2012", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Beyonce give birth to her first child?", "id": "56be9bb83aeaaa14008c915d", "answers": [{"text": "Lenox Hill Hospital", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce's first child is named what?", "id": "56be9bb83aeaaa14008c915e", "answers": [{"text": "Blue Ivy Carter", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Her first appearance performing since giving birth was where?", "id": "56be9bb83aeaaa14008c9160", "answers": [{"text": "Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonce have her first child?", "id": "56bfa087a10cfb14005511d9", "answers": [{"text": "January 7, 2012", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the child's name?", "id": "56bfa087a10cfb14005511da", "answers": [{"text": "Blue Ivy Carter", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long was it after the birth of her child before she performed again?", "id": "56bfa087a10cfb14005511dc", "answers": [{"text": "Five months", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many nights did she perform at Atlantic City?", "id": "56bfa087a10cfb14005511dd", "answers": [{"text": "four nights", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonc\u00e9 give birth to a daughter?", "id": "56d4c4e72ccc5a1400d83218", "answers": [{"text": "January 7, 2012", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Beyonc\u00e9 name her daughter?", "id": "56d4c4e72ccc5a1400d83219", "answers": [{"text": "Blue Ivy Carter", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Blue Ivy born?", "id": "56d4c4e72ccc5a1400d8321a", "answers": [{"text": "Lenox Hill Hospital in New York.", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Beyonc\u00e9's first public performance after giving birth?", "id": "56d4c4e72ccc5a1400d8321b", "answers": [{"text": "Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many nights did Beyonc\u00e9 play at the resort?", "id": "56d4c4e72ccc5a1400d8321c", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On January 7, 2012, Beyonc\u00e9 gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy."}], ["Beyonc\u00e9 dan suami Jay Z berkawan dengan Presiden Barack Obama dan First Lady Michelle Obama. Dia melakukan \"America the Beautiful\" pada perasmian presiden 2009, serta \"At Last\" semasa tarian perdana pertama di Ball Neighbourhood dua hari kemudian. Beyonc\u00e9 dan Jay Z mengadakan penggalangan dana di Kelab 40/40 di Manhattan untuk kempen Presiden Obama 2012 yang menaikkan $ 4 juta. Beyonc\u00e9 memuatkan gambar undi kertasnya di Tumblr, mengesahkan bahawa dia telah mengundi untuk menyokong Parti Demokratik dan untuk menggalakkan orang lain melakukannya. Dia juga mempersembahkan lagu kebangsaan Amerika pada majlis perasmiannya yang kedua, menyanyi bersama dengan lagu pra-rakaman. Beliau secara terbuka mengesahkan perkahwinan seks yang sama pada 26 Mac 2013, selepas perbahasan Mahkamah Agung mengenai Proposisi California. Pada bulan Julai 2013, Beyonc\u00e9 dan Jay-Z menghadiri perhimpunan sebagai balasan kepada pembebasan George Zimmerman untuk menembak Trayvon Martin. <> Beyonce dan Jay-Z pergi ke perhimpunan untuk membebaskan mereka? || George Zimmerman <> Beyonce menyanyikan lagu itu semasa perasmian presiden 2009? || America the Beautiful <> Berapa Beyonce membesarkan Obama di Club 40/40? || 4 juta <> Apa yang dia mengesahkan pada 26 Mac 2013? || perkahwinan seks yang sama <> Apa yang mereka hadiri pada bulan Julai 2013? || sebuah perhimpunan <> Apa yang dia bernyanyi pada Perasmian Presiden 2009? || America the Beautiful <> Lagu apa yang dilakukan Beyonc\u00e9 pada perasmian Obama pada tahun 2009? || America the Beautiful <> Lagu apa yang dilakukan Beyonc\u00e9 pada tarian perdana pertama untuk Obamas. || Pada Terakhir <> Apakah platform media sosial apakah Beyonc\u00e9 memuatkan gambar kertas undi? || Tumblr <> Bilakah Beyonc\u00e9 mengesahkan pada 26 Mac 2013? || perkahwinan seks yang sama", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce and Jay-Z went to a rally for the acquittal of whom?", "id": "56beab283aeaaa14008c91cc", "answers": [{"text": "George Zimmerman", "answer_start": 880}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce sang which song during the 2009 presidential inauguration?", "id": "56beab283aeaaa14008c91cd", "answers": [{"text": "America the Beautiful", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did Beyonce raise for Obama at the 40/40 Club?", "id": "56bfae97a10cfb1400551234", "answers": [{"text": "4 million", "answer_start": 398}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did she endorse on March 26, 2013?", "id": "56bfae97a10cfb1400551235", "answers": [{"text": "same sex marriage", "answer_start": 700}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did they attend in July 2013?", "id": "56bfae97a10cfb1400551236", "answers": [{"text": "a rally", "answer_start": 840}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did she sing at the 2009 Presidential Inauguration?", "id": "56bfae97a10cfb1400551237", "answers": [{"text": "America the Beautiful", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Beyonc\u00e9 perform at the 2009 inauguration of Obama?", "id": "56d4d2f12ccc5a1400d8326c", "answers": [{"text": "America the Beautiful", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Beyonc\u00e9 perform at the first inaugural dance for the Obamas.", "id": "56d4d2f12ccc5a1400d8326d", "answers": [{"text": "At Last", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What social media platform did Beyonc\u00e9 upload a picture of her paper ballot on?", "id": "56d4d2f12ccc5a1400d8326f", "answers": [{"text": "Tumblr", "answer_start": 458}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonc\u00e9 endorse on March 26, 2013?", "id": "56d4d2f12ccc5a1400d83270", "answers": [{"text": "same sex marriage", "answer_start": 700}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9 and husband Jay Z are friends with President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama. She performed \"America the Beautiful\" at the 2009 presidential inauguration, as well as \"At Last\" during the first inaugural dance at the Neighborhood Ball two days later. Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay Z held a fundraiser at the latter's 40/40 Club in Manhattan for Obama's 2012 presidential campaign which raised $4 million. Beyonc\u00e9 uploaded pictures of her paper ballot on Tumblr, confirming she had voted in support for the Democratic Party and to encourage others to do so. She also performed the American national anthem at his second inauguration, singing along with a pre-recorded track. She publicly endorsed same sex marriage on March 26, 2013, after the Supreme Court debate on California's Proposition 8. In July 2013, Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay-Z attended a rally in response to the acquittal of George Zimmerman for the shooting of Trayvon Martin."}], ["Beyonc\u00e9 memulakan Pesta Carter Show World Tour pada 15 April di Belgrade, Serbia; lawatan itu termasuk 132 tarikh yang berlalu sehingga Mac 2014. Ia menjadi tur paling berjaya dalam kerjayanya dan salah satu lawatan paling berjaya sepanjang zaman. Pada bulan Mei, penutup Beyonc\u00e9 dari \"Back to Black\" Amy Winehouse dengan Andr\u00e9 3000 pada soundtrack The Great Gatsby telah dikeluarkan. Beliau juga kerusi kehormat Met Gala 2013. Beyonc\u00e9 menyuarakan Queen Tara dalam filem animasi 3D CGI, Epic, yang dikeluarkan oleh 20th Century Fox pada 24 Mei, dan mencatatkan lagu asal untuk filem itu, \"Rise Up\", yang ditulis bersama Sia. <> Berapa banyak tarikh yang dilakukan oleh \"The Carter Show\" dari Beyonce? || 132 <> Salah satu lawatan paling berjaya Beyonce yang mana? || Puan Carter Show <> Beyonce menulis lagu mana untuk filem \"Epic\"? || Bangun <> Beyonce menyuarakan watak di mana filem animasi? || Epic <> Bilakah lawatan bermula? || 15 April <> Daripada apa acara itu adalah kerusi kehormat Beyonce? || 2013 Met Gala <> Bahagian apa yang dia panggil untuk filem Epic? || Queen Tara <> Apa lagu yang dibuat oleh Beyonce untuk filem Epic? || Bangunlah <> Apa nama lawatan Beyonc\u00e9 yang dia bermula pada 15 April? || Puan Carter Show World Tour <> Berapa banyak tarikh lawatan Pesta Carter Show World? || 132 <> Lagu Amy Winehouse yang mana Beyonce tutup dan dilepaskan pada bulan Mei 2014? || Kembali ke Black <> Beyonc\u00e9 adalah kerusi kehormat pada 2013 bagaimana? || Met Gala. <> Yang watak dalam filem, Epic, disuarakan oleh Beyonc\u00e9? || Queen Tara", {"qas": [{"question": "How many dates did Beyonce's \"The Mrs. Carter Show\" entail?", "id": "56be9d3d3aeaaa14008c9170", "answers": [{"text": "132", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "One of Beyonce's most successful tours yet was which one?", "id": "56be9d3d3aeaaa14008c9172", "answers": [{"text": "The Mrs. Carter Show", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce wrote which song for the movie \"Epic\"?", "id": "56be9d3d3aeaaa14008c9173", "answers": [{"text": "Rise Up", "answer_start": 560}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce voiced a character in which animated film?", "id": "56be9d3d3aeaaa14008c9174", "answers": [{"text": "Epic", "answer_start": 469}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the tour begin?", "id": "56bfa3cca10cfb14005511ee", "answers": [{"text": "April 15", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of what event was Beyonce honorary chair?", "id": "56bfa3cca10cfb14005511ef", "answers": [{"text": "2013 Met Gala", "answer_start": 399}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part did she voice for the movie Epic?", "id": "56bfa3cca10cfb14005511f0", "answers": [{"text": "Queen Tara", "answer_start": 429}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Beyonce record for the film Epic?", "id": "56bfa3cca10cfb14005511f1", "answers": [{"text": "Rise Up", "answer_start": 560}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Beyonc\u00e9's tour that she started on April 15?", "id": "56d4c75a2ccc5a1400d8322c", "answers": [{"text": "The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many dates did the Mrs. Carter Show World Tour have?", "id": "56d4c75a2ccc5a1400d8322d", "answers": [{"text": "132", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Amy Winehouse song did Beyonc\u00e9 cover and release in May 2014?", "id": "56d4c75a2ccc5a1400d8322e", "answers": [{"text": "Back to Black", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonc\u00e9 was an honorary chair of the 2013 what?", "id": "56d4c75a2ccc5a1400d8322f", "answers": [{"text": "Met Gala.", "answer_start": 404}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which character in the film, Epic, was voiced by Beyonc\u00e9?", "id": "56d4c75a2ccc5a1400d83230", "answers": [{"text": "Queen Tara", "answer_start": 429}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9 embarked on The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour on April 15 in Belgrade, Serbia; the tour included 132 dates that ran through to March 2014. It became the most successful tour of her career and one of the most-successful tours of all time. In May, Beyonc\u00e9's cover of Amy Winehouse's \"Back to Black\" with Andr\u00e9 3000 on The Great Gatsby soundtrack was released. She was also honorary chair of the 2013 Met Gala. Beyonc\u00e9 voiced Queen Tara in the 3D CGI animated film, Epic, released by 20th Century Fox on May 24, and recorded an original song for the film, \"Rise Up\", co-written with Sia."}], ["Pada bulan Ogos, pasangan itu menghadiri Anugerah Muzik Video MTV 2011, di mana Beyonce melakukan \"Love on Top\" dan memulakan persembahannya dengan berkata \"Malam ini saya mahu kamu berdiri di atas kakimu, saya ingin kamu merasakan cinta yang tumbuh di dalam saya \". Pada hujung persembahan itu, dia menjatuhkan mikrofonnya, mengetuk blazernya dan menggosok perutnya, mengesahkan kehamilannya yang telah disebutkan pada awal malam. Penampilannya membantu MTV Video Music Awards tahun itu menjadi penyiaran yang paling ditonton dalam sejarah MTV, menarik 12.4 juta penonton; pengumuman tersebut telah disenaraikan dalam Guinness World Records untuk \"kebanyakan tweet setiap saat dirakamkan untuk satu acara\" di Twitter, menerima 8,868 tweet sesaat dan \"Beyonce hamil\" adalah istilah Googled paling minggu pada 29 Ogos 2011. <> Jay Z dan Beyonce menghadiri acara itu pada Ogos 2011? || Anugerah Muzik Video MTV <> Beyonce mengesahkan apa yang dilakukan selepas salah satu lagunya? || kehamilannya <> Berapa ramai orang menonton Anugerah Muzik MTV 2011? || 12.4 juta <> Di mana dia mengumumkan kehamilannya? || 2011 MTV Video Music Awards <> Mengapa siaran yang paling ditonton dalam sejarah? || Penampilannya <> Apa yang tercatat dalam Rekod Dunia Guinness? || kebanyakan tweet per saat <> Apakah istilah yang paling dicari pada minggu 29 Ogos 2011? || Beyonce hamil <> Lagu apa yang dia lakukan di Anugerah MTV? || Cinta di Atas <> Di manakah Beyonce mengumumkan kehamilannya? || 2011 MTV Video Music Awards <> Lagu apa Beyonc\u00e9 bernyanyi sebelum mengumumkan kehamilannya? || Cinta di Atas <> Berapa ramai orang menonton Anugerah Video MTV Video 2011? || 12.4 juta <> Apakah istilah yang paling dicari di Google untuk minggu 29 Ogos 2011? || Beyonce hamil", {"qas": [{"question": "Jay Z and Beyonce attended which event together in August of 2011?", "id": "56bea8463aeaaa14008c91a9", "answers": [{"text": "MTV Video Music Awards", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce confirmed what after performing one of her songs?", "id": "56bea8463aeaaa14008c91aa", "answers": [{"text": "her pregnancy", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people watched the 2011 MTV Music Awards?", "id": "56bea8463aeaaa14008c91ac", "answers": [{"text": "12.4 million", "answer_start": 535}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did she announce her pregnancy?", "id": "56bfab98a10cfb140055121f", "answers": [{"text": "2011 MTV Video Music Awards", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why was the broadcast the most-watched in history?", "id": "56bfab98a10cfb1400551220", "answers": [{"text": "Her appearance", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What even was recorded in the Guinness World Records?", "id": "56bfab98a10cfb1400551221", "answers": [{"text": "most tweets per second", "answer_start": 616}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the most searched term in week of Aug 29, 2011?", "id": "56bfab98a10cfb1400551222", "answers": [{"text": "Beyonce pregnant", "answer_start": 719}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did she perform at the MTV Awards?", "id": "56bfab98a10cfb1400551223", "answers": [{"text": "Love on Top", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Beyonc\u00e9 announce her pregnancy?", "id": "56d4d18d2ccc5a1400d83258", "answers": [{"text": "2011 MTV Video Music Awards", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Beyonc\u00e9 sing prior to announcing her pregnancy?", "id": "56d4d18d2ccc5a1400d83259", "answers": [{"text": "Love on Top", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people watched the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards?", "id": "56d4d18d2ccc5a1400d8325a", "answers": [{"text": "12.4 million", "answer_start": 535}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the most searched term on Google for the week of August 29, 2011?", "id": "56d4d18d2ccc5a1400d8325c", "answers": [{"text": "Beyonce pregnant", "answer_start": 719}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In August, the couple attended the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, at which Beyonc\u00e9 performed \"Love on Top\" and started the performance saying \"Tonight I want you to stand up on your feet, I want you to feel the love that's growing inside of me\". At the end of the performance, she dropped her microphone, unbuttoned her blazer and rubbed her stomach, confirming her pregnancy she had alluded to earlier in the evening. Her appearance helped that year's MTV Video Music Awards become the most-watched broadcast in MTV history, pulling in 12.4 million viewers; the announcement was listed in Guinness World Records for \"most tweets per second recorded for a single event\" on Twitter, receiving 8,868 tweets per second and \"Beyonce pregnant\" was the most Googled term the week of August 29, 2011."}], ["Beyonc\u00e9 dipercayai telah memulakan hubungan dengan Jay Z selepas kerjasama dengan \"'3 Bonnie & Clyde\", yang muncul di album ketujuh The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse (2002). Beyonc\u00e9 muncul sebagai teman wanita Jay Z dalam video muzik untuk lagu itu, yang akan memacu lagi spekulasi hubungan mereka. Pada 4 April 2008, Beyonc\u00e9 dan Jay Z telah berkahwin tanpa publisiti. Sehingga April 2014, pasangan itu telah menjual 300 juta rekod bersama-sama. Pasangan ini dikenali kerana hubungan peribadi mereka, walaupun mereka kelihatan lebih santai dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini. Beyonc\u00e9 mengalami keguguran pada 2010 atau 2011, menggambarkannya sebagai \"perkara paling menyedihkan\" yang pernah dia alami. Dia kembali ke studio dan menulis muzik untuk mengatasi kerugian. Pada April 2011, Beyonc\u00e9 dan Jay Z pergi ke Paris untuk menangkap penutup album untuknya 4, dan secara tidak diduga menjadi hamil di Paris. <> Sehingga April 2014, berapa banyak album yang telah dijual bersama Jay Z dan Beyonce? || 300 juta <> Di manakah Beyonce menjadi hamil? || Paris <> Beyonce menggambarkan sebagai \"perkara paling sukar yang perlu dia lalui\"? || keguguran <> Siapa yang Beyonce mempunyai hubungan dengan? || Jay Z <> Kapan Beyonce dan Jay Z berkahwin? || April 4, 2008 <> Bersama-sama bagaimana rekod telah dijual? || 300 juta <> Bagaimana Beyonce berurusan dengan keguguran anaknya? || menulis muzik <> Di manakah Beyonce ketika dia hamil? || Paris <> Dalam video muzik mana yang menjadikan bintang Beyonc\u00e9 sebagai teman wanita Jay Z, membuat spekulasi mengenai hubungan mereka? || '03 Bonnie & Clyde <> Kapan Beyonce dan Jay Z berkahwin? || April 4, 2008 <> Berapa banyak rekod yang digabungkan mempunyai Beyonce dan Jay Z dijual? || 300 juta <> Apa yang dikatakan Beyonc\u00e9 sebagai perkara paling menyedihkan dalam hidupnya? || keguguran <> Di manakah Beyonc\u00e9 hamil? || Paris.", {"qas": [{"question": "As of April 2014, how many albums have Jay Z and Beyonce sold together?", "id": "56bea5f23aeaaa14008c91a1", "answers": [{"text": "300 million", "answer_start": 447}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Beyonce become pregnant?", "id": "56bea5f23aeaaa14008c91a2", "answers": [{"text": "Paris", "answer_start": 825}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce described what as the \"hardest thing she had to endure\"?", "id": "56bea5f23aeaaa14008c91a3", "answers": [{"text": "miscarriage", "answer_start": 617}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonce have a relationship with?", "id": "56bfaa11a10cfb1400551215", "answers": [{"text": "Jay Z", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were Beyonce and Jay Z married?", "id": "56bfaa11a10cfb1400551216", "answers": [{"text": "April 4, 2008", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Together how records have they sold ?", "id": "56bfaa11a10cfb1400551217", "answers": [{"text": "300 million", "answer_start": 447}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did Beyonce deal with the miscarriage of her child?", "id": "56bfaa11a10cfb1400551218", "answers": [{"text": "wrote music", "answer_start": 736}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Beyonce when she became pregnant?", "id": "56bfaa11a10cfb1400551219", "answers": [{"text": "Paris", "answer_start": 825}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which music video did Beyonc\u00e9 star as Jay Z's girlfriend, creating speculation about their relationship?", "id": "56d4d0c32ccc5a1400d8324e", "answers": [{"text": "'03 Bonnie & Clyde", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay Z married?", "id": "56d4d0c32ccc5a1400d8324f", "answers": [{"text": "April 4, 2008", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many records combined have Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay Z sold?", "id": "56d4d0c32ccc5a1400d83250", "answers": [{"text": "300 million", "answer_start": 447}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Beyonc\u00e9 describe as the saddest thing in her life?", "id": "56d4d0c32ccc5a1400d83251", "answers": [{"text": "miscarriage", "answer_start": 617}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Beyonc\u00e9 get pregnant?", "id": "56d4d0c32ccc5a1400d83252", "answers": [{"text": "Paris.", "answer_start": 912}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9 is believed to have first started a relationship with Jay Z after a collaboration on \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\", which appeared on his seventh album The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse (2002). Beyonc\u00e9 appeared as Jay Z's girlfriend in the music video for the song, which would further fuel speculation of their relationship. On April 4, 2008, Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay Z were married without publicity. As of April 2014, the couple have sold a combined 300 million records together. The couple are known for their private relationship, although they have appeared to become more relaxed in recent years. Beyonc\u00e9 suffered a miscarriage in 2010 or 2011, describing it as \"the saddest thing\" she had ever endured. She returned to the studio and wrote music in order to cope with the loss. In April 2011, Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay Z traveled to Paris in order to shoot the album cover for her 4, and unexpectedly became pregnant in Paris."}], ["Pada bulan Januari 2013, Destiny's Child mengeluarkan Love Songs, album kompilasi lagu-lagu bertema romantik dari album terdahulu mereka dan lagu baru yang dirakamkan, \"Nuklear\". Beyonce melakukan nyanyian lagu kebangsaan Amerika bersama dengan lagu pra-rakaman pada perasmian kedua Presiden Obama di Washington, D.C. Bulan berikutnya, Beyonc\u00e9 dipersembahkan di pameran Super Bowl XLVII yang diadakan di Mercedes-Benz Superdome di New Orleans. Pertunjukan itu berdiri sebagai detik paling banyak tweet tentang momen dalam sejarah pada 268,000 tweet per minit. Pada Anugerah Grammy Tahunan ke-55, Beyonc\u00e9 memenangi R & B Terbaik untuk \"Love on Top\". Filem dokumentari panjangnya, Life Is But a Dream, pertama kali disiarkan di HBO pada 16 Februari 2013. Filem itu, yang diarahkan dan dihasilkan olehnya, memaparkan rakaman dari zaman kanak-kanaknya, sebagai ibu dan ahli perniagaan wanita, rakaman, latihan untuk persembahan secara langsung, dan dia kembali kepada perhatian selepas kelahiran Blue Ivy. Siaran DVD pada bulan November 2013 diiringi dengan rakaman dari Revel Presents: konsert Beyonc\u00e9 Live dan lagu baru, \"God Made You Beautiful\". Pada bulan Februari 2013, Beyonc\u00e9 menandatangani perjanjian penerbitan global dengan Warner / Chappell Music, yang akan meliputi penulisan lagu masa depannya dan album studio yang akan datang. <> Destiny's Child mengeluarkan album kompilasi mengenai topik mana? || cinta <> filem dokumenter Beyonce dipanggil apa? || Life Is But a Dream <> Apakah Beyonce menandatangani pada 2013? || perjanjian penerbitan global <> Bilakah Destiny's Child melepaskan albumnya \"Love Songs\"? || Januari 2013 <> Apakah tajuk lagu tambahan dalam Lagu Cinta? || Nuklear <> Di mana perasmiannya dia melakukan Lagu Kebangsaan? || Presiden Obama <> Berapa banyak Tweet seminit menunjukkan pertunjukan separuh masa? || 268,000 tweet seminit <> Bilakah anak Destiny's melepaskan Lagu Cinta? || Januari 2013 <> Apa trek baru untuk Lagu Cinta? || Nuklear <> Apa yang dipanggil Beyonc\u00e9 pada perasmian kedua Presiden Obama? || lagu kebangsaan Amerika <> Apa acara yang dilakukan Beyonc\u00e9 pada satu bulan setelah perasmian Obama? || Super Bowl XLVII showtime <> Apa nama filem dokumentari Beyonc\u00e9? || Kehidupan adalah mimpi", {"qas": [{"question": "Destiny's Child released a compilation album about which topic?", "id": "56be9c863aeaaa14008c9166", "answers": [{"text": "romance", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce's documentary movie was called what?", "id": "56be9c863aeaaa14008c9169", "answers": [{"text": "Life Is But a Dream", "answer_start": 689}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Beyonce sign in 2013?", "id": "56be9c863aeaaa14008c916a", "answers": [{"text": "global publishing agreement", "answer_start": 1163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Destiny's Child release its album \"Love Songs\"?", "id": "56bfa24ea10cfb14005511e3", "answers": [{"text": "January 2013", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the title of the added track in Love Songs?", "id": "56bfa24ea10cfb14005511e4", "answers": [{"text": "Nuclear", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At whose inauguration did she perform the National Anthem?", "id": "56bfa24ea10cfb14005511e5", "answers": [{"text": "President Obama", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Tweets per minute did the half time show get?", "id": "56bfa24ea10cfb14005511e7", "answers": [{"text": "268,000 tweets per minute", "answer_start": 523}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Destiny's Child release Love Songs?", "id": "56d4c6b02ccc5a1400d83222", "answers": [{"text": "January 2013", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the new track for Love Songs?", "id": "56d4c6b02ccc5a1400d83223", "answers": [{"text": "Nuclear", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Beyonc\u00e9 sing at President Obama's second inauguration?", "id": "56d4c6b02ccc5a1400d83224", "answers": [{"text": "the American national anthem", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What event did Beyonc\u00e9 perform at one month after Obama's inauguration? ", "id": "56d4c6b02ccc5a1400d83225", "answers": [{"text": "Super Bowl XLVII halftime show", "answer_start": 362}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Beyonc\u00e9's documentary film?", "id": "56d4c6b02ccc5a1400d83226", "answers": [{"text": "Life Is But a Dream", "answer_start": 689}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In January 2013, Destiny's Child released Love Songs, a compilation album of the romance-themed songs from their previous albums and a newly recorded track, \"Nuclear\". Beyonc\u00e9 performed the American national anthem singing along with a pre-recorded track at President Obama's second inauguration in Washington, D.C. The following month, Beyonc\u00e9 performed at the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show, held at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans. The performance stands as the second most tweeted about moment in history at 268,000 tweets per minute. At the 55th Annual Grammy Awards, Beyonc\u00e9 won for Best Traditional R&B Performance for \"Love on Top\". Her feature-length documentary film, Life Is But a Dream, first aired on HBO on February 16, 2013. The film, which she directed and produced herself, featured footage from her childhood, her as a mother and businesswoman, recording, rehearsing for live performances, and her return to the spotlight following Blue Ivy's birth. Its DVD release in November 2013 was accompanied by footage from the Revel Presents: Beyonc\u00e9 Live concerts and a new song, \"God Made You Beautiful\". In February 2013, Beyonc\u00e9 signed a global publishing agreement with Warner/Chappell Music, which would cover her future songwriting and then-upcoming studio album."}], ["Pada Anugerah Grammy Tahunan ke-57 pada Februari 2015, Beyonc\u00e9 telah dicalonkan untuk enam anugerah, akhirnya memenangi tiga: Prestasi R & B Terbaik dan Lagu R & B Terbaik untuk \"Drunk in Love\", dan Album Surround Sound Terbaik untuk Beyonc\u00e9. Dia dicalonkan untuk Album Tahun tetapi anugerah dimenangi oleh Beck untuk album Morning Phase. Pada bulan Ogos, penutup majalah September majalah Vogue telah diumumkan dalam talian, Beyonc\u00e9 sebagai bintang penutup, menjadi artis Afrika-Amerika pertama dan wanita Afrika-Amerika ketiga pada umumnya untuk menerbitkan isu September. Beliau mengetuai penganjuran 2015 Made in America pada awal September dan juga Festival Rakyat Sedunia pada bulan itu. Beyonc\u00e9 membuat penampilan luar biasa di trek \"Hymn for the Weekend\" oleh band rock British Coldplay, di album studio ketujuh A Head Full of Dreams (2015), yang menyaksikan pembebasan pada bulan Disember. Pada 7 Januari 2016, Pepsi mengumumkan Beyonc\u00e9 akan tampil bersama Coldplay di Super Bowl 50 pada bulan Februari. Knowles sebelum ini pernah mempamerkan empat pertunjukan Super Bowl sepanjang kariernya, berkhidmat sebagai ketua utama acara pameran Super Bowl ke-47 pada 2013. <Berapa banyak anugerah yang dilakukan Beyonce bersama dengannya di Anugerah Grammy ke-57? || tiga <> Artis mana yang menewaskan Beyonce untuk Album tahun ini? || Beck <> majalah yang mana Beyonce berpose pada penutup pada bulan Ogos 2015? || Vogue <> Beyonce akan tampil dengan siapa di Superbowl 50? || Coldplay <> Beyonce membawa pulang berapa anugerah di Anugerah Grammy ke-57? || tiga <> Beyonce kehilangan artisnya untuk Album tahun ini? || Beck <> Siapa yang dilakukan oleh Beyonce bersebelahan dengan Superbowl 50? || Coldplay <> Jika Beyonce memenangi tiga Grammies pada tahun 2015, berapa yang dia dicalonkan? || enam anugerah <> Pada majalah apakah dia model penutup? || Vogue <> Siapa yang dia akan lakukan di Superbowl 50? || Coldplay <> Dengan apa band British melakukan Beyonce melaksanakan album mereka? || Coldplay <> Berapa banyak penghargaan Beyonc\u00e9 yang dicalonkan pada Grammys tahunan ke-57? || enam <> Berapa banyak penganugerahan Beyonce menang pada Grammys Tahunan ke-57? || tiga <> Beyonc\u00e9 kehilangan anugerah Album of the Year yang mana penghibur itu? || Beck <> majalah yang mana Beyonce berpose untuk penutup, menjadikannya artis wanita hitam pertama melakukannya? || Vogue <> Siapa yang melakukan Beyonce dengan Super Bowl 50? || Coldplay", {"qas": [{"question": "How many awards did Beyonce take home with her at the 57th Grammy Awards?", "id": "56be9eea3aeaaa14008c9184", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which artist beat Beyonce out for Album of the year?", "id": "56be9eea3aeaaa14008c9185", "answers": [{"text": "Beck", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which magazine did Beyonce pose on the cover for in August of 2015?", "id": "56be9eea3aeaaa14008c9186", "answers": [{"text": "Vogue", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce would perform with who at Superbowl 50?", "id": "56be9eea3aeaaa14008c9187", "answers": [{"text": "Coldplay", "answer_start": 770}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce took home how many awards at the 57th Grammy Awards?", "id": "56bea1f53aeaaa14008c918e", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce lost to which artist for Album of the year?", "id": "56bea1f53aeaaa14008c918f", "answers": [{"text": "Beck", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonce perform next to during Superbowl 50?", "id": "56bea1f53aeaaa14008c9191", "answers": [{"text": "Coldplay", "answer_start": 770}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If Beyonce won three Grammies in 2015, how many was she nominated for?", "id": "56bfa761a10cfb1400551201", "answers": [{"text": "six awards", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what magazine was she the cover model?", "id": "56bfa761a10cfb1400551202", "answers": [{"text": "Vogue", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who would she perform with at Superbowl 50?", "id": "56bfa761a10cfb1400551204", "answers": [{"text": "Coldplay", "answer_start": 770}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With what British band did Beyonce perform on their album?", "id": "56bfa761a10cfb1400551205", "answers": [{"text": "Coldplay", "answer_start": 770}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many awards was Beyonc\u00e9 nominated for at the 57th annual Grammys?", "id": "56d4ceac2ccc5a1400d83240", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many awards did Beyonc\u00e9 win at the 57th Annual Grammys?", "id": "56d4ceac2ccc5a1400d83241", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonc\u00e9 lost the Album of the Year award to which entertainer?", "id": "56d4ceac2ccc5a1400d83242", "answers": [{"text": "Beck", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which magazine did Beyonc\u00e9 pose for the cover, making her the first black female artist to do so?", "id": "56d4ceac2ccc5a1400d83243", "answers": [{"text": "Vogue", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonce perform with at Super Bowl 50?", "id": "56d4ceac2ccc5a1400d83244", "answers": [{"text": "Coldplay", "answer_start": 770}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2015, Beyonc\u00e9 was nominated for six awards, ultimately winning three: Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song for \"Drunk in Love\", and Best Surround Sound Album for Beyonc\u00e9. She was nominated for Album of the Year but the award was won by Beck for his Morning Phase album. In August, the cover of the September issue of Vogue magazine was unveiled online, Beyonc\u00e9 as the cover star, becoming the first African-American artist and third African-American woman in general to cover the September issue. She headlined the 2015 Made in America festival in early September and also the Global Citizen Festival later that month. Beyonc\u00e9 made an uncredited featured appearance on the track \"Hymn for the Weekend\" by British rock band Coldplay, on their seventh studio album A Head Full of Dreams (2015), which saw release in December. On January 7, 2016, Pepsi announced Beyonc\u00e9 would perform alongside Coldplay at Super Bowl 50 in February. Knowles has previously performed at four Super Bowl shows throughout her career, serving as the main headliner of the 47th Super Bowl halftime show in 2013."}], ["Pada 13 Disember 2013, Beyonc\u00e9 tanpa disangka-sangka mengeluarkan album studio kelima beliau di iTunes Store tanpa sebarang pengumuman atau promosi. Album itu mendahului di carta Billboard 200, memberikan Beyonce lima album berturut-turut berturut-turut di Amerika Syarikat. Ini menjadikannya wanita pertama dalam sejarah carta untuk mendahului lima studio album pertamanya di nombor satu. Beyonc\u00e9 menerima penghargaan kritikal dan kejayaan komersial, menjual satu juta salinan digital di seluruh dunia dalam enam hari; The New York Times mencatatkan pelepasan album yang tidak konvensional dan tidak dijangka sebagai penting. Secara muzik sebagai album elektro-R & B, ia menyangkut tema yang lebih gelap yang sebelum ini belum dijelaskan dalam karyanya, seperti \"bulimia, kemurungan postnatal [dan] ketakutan dan rasa tidak percaya perkahwinan dan keibuan\". Single \"Drunk in Love\", yang menampilkan Jay Z, memuncak pada nombor dua di carta Billboard Hot 100. Pada bulan April 2014, selepas banyak spekulasi pada minggu-minggu sebelumnya, Beyonc\u00e9 dan Jay Z secara rasminya mengumumkan pada Tour Run. Ia berkhidmat sebagai jelajah stadium utama bersama pasangan itu bersama-sama. Pada 24 Ogos 2014, beliau menerima Anugerah Video Vanguard di Anugerah Video Video MTV 2014. Knowles juga membawa pulang tiga anugerah kompetitif: Video Terbaik dengan Mesej Sosial dan Sinematografi Terbaik untuk \"Pretty Hurts\", serta kerjasama terbaik untuk \"Drunk in Love\". Pada bulan November, Forbes melaporkan bahawa Beyonc\u00e9 adalah wanita berpendapatan tinggi dalam muzik untuk tahun kedua berturut-pendapatan $ 115 juta pada tahun ini, lebih daripada dua kali ganda pendapatannya pada tahun 2013. Beyonc\u00e9 telah diterbitkan semula dengan bahan baru dalam tiga bentuk: sebagai permainan lanjutan, set kotak, serta edisi platinum penuh. <> Di mana Beyonce melepaskan album ke-5nya untuk kejutan besar? || iTunes Store <> Bilakah Beyonce mendapat nombor kelima berturut-turut satu albumnya? || 13 Disember 2013 <> Di mana album dikeluarkan? || iTunes Store <> Siapa yang menyertai Beyonce di dalamnya On The Run Tour? || Jay Z <> Siapa yang melaporkan Beyonce kepada wanita yang berpendapatan tinggi dalam muzik? || Forbes <> Berapa lagi pendapatannya tahun lalu? || Lebih daripada dua kali ganda pendapatannya <> Bilakah Beyonc\u00e9 melepaskan album studio kelimanya? || 13 Disember 2013 <> Berapa banyak salinan digital album kelimanya yang dijual Beyonc\u00e9 dalam enam hari? || satu juta <> Apa lagu pada album studio kelima Beyonc\u00e9 menampilkan suaminya? || Mabuk Cinta <> Apakah nama tur yang menampilkan kedua Beyonce dan Jay Z? || Pada Run Run.", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did Beyonce release her 5th album to a huge surprise?", "id": "56be9e453aeaaa14008c917a", "answers": [{"text": "the iTunes Store", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonce get her fifth consecutive number one hit album?", "id": "56bfa5b3a10cfb14005511f7", "answers": [{"text": "December 13, 2013", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the album released? ", "id": "56bfa5b3a10cfb14005511f8", "answers": [{"text": "the iTunes Store", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who joined Beyonce on her On The Run Tour?", "id": "56bfa5b3a10cfb14005511f9", "answers": [{"text": "Jay Z", "answer_start": 810}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who reported Beyonce to e the top earning woman in music?", "id": "56bfa5b3a10cfb14005511fa", "answers": [{"text": "Forbes", "answer_start": 1344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much more were her earnings that the year before?", "id": "56bfa5b3a10cfb14005511fb", "answers": [{"text": "more than double her earnings", "answer_start": 1471}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonc\u00e9 release her fifth studio album?", "id": "56d4cde92ccc5a1400d83236", "answers": [{"text": "December 13, 2013", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many digital copies of her fifth album did Beyonc\u00e9 sell in six days?", "id": "56d4cde92ccc5a1400d83237", "answers": [{"text": "one million", "answer_start": 440}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song on Beyonc\u00e9's fifth studio album featured her husband?", "id": "56d4cde92ccc5a1400d83238", "answers": [{"text": "Drunk in Love", "answer_start": 784}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the tour featuring both Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay Z?", "id": "56d4cde92ccc5a1400d83239", "answers": [{"text": "On the Run Tour.", "answer_start": 974}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On December 13, 2013, Beyonc\u00e9 unexpectedly released her eponymous fifth studio album on the iTunes Store without any prior announcement or promotion. The album debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, giving Beyonc\u00e9 her fifth consecutive number-one album in the US. This made her the first woman in the chart's history to have her first five studio albums debut at number one. Beyonc\u00e9 received critical acclaim and commercial success, selling one million digital copies worldwide in six days; The New York Times noted the album's unconventional, unexpected release as significant. Musically an electro-R&B album, it concerns darker themes previously unexplored in her work, such as \"bulimia, postnatal depression [and] the fears and insecurities of marriage and motherhood\". The single \"Drunk in Love\", featuring Jay Z, peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. In April 2014, after much speculation in the weeks before, Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay Z officially announced their On the Run Tour. It served as the couple's first co-headlining stadium tour together. On August 24, 2014, she received the Video Vanguard Award at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards. Knowles also took home three competitive awards: Best Video with a Social Message and Best Cinematography for \"Pretty Hurts\", as well as best collaboration for \"Drunk in Love\". In November, Forbes reported that Beyonc\u00e9 was the top-earning woman in music for the second year in a row\u2014earning $115 million in the year, more than double her earnings in 2013. Beyonc\u00e9 was reissued with new material in three forms: as an extended play, a box set, as well as a full platinum edition."}], ["Berikutan kematian Freddie Grey, Beyonc\u00e9 dan Jay-Z, antara tokoh-tokoh penting lain, bertemu dengan keluarganya. Selepas pemenjaraan penunjuk perasaan kematian Gray, Beyonc\u00e9 dan Jay-Z mendermakan ribuan dolar untuk menyelamatkan mereka. <> Beyonce bersama dengan Jay Z bertemu dengan keluarga mereka selepas kematian mereka? || Freddie Grey <> Beyonce dengan Jay Z memberi banyak wang untuk menyelamatkan orang yang keluar dari penjara? || penunjuk perasaan <> Siapa yang menyebabkan kematian protes ini? || Freddie Grey <> Berapa banyak wang jaminan yang mereka belanjakan? || beribu-ribu ringgit", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce along with Jay Z met with whom's family after their death?", "id": "56beb2a43aeaaa14008c9239", "answers": [{"text": "Freddie Gray", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce with Jay Z gave lots of money to bail who out of prison?", "id": "56beb2a43aeaaa14008c923a", "answers": [{"text": "protesters", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who's death caused this protest?", "id": "56bfb1fca10cfb1400551253", "answers": [{"text": "Freddie Gray", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much bail money did they spend?", "id": "56bfb1fca10cfb1400551254", "answers": [{"text": "thousands of dollars", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Following the death of Freddie Gray, Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay-Z, among other notable figures, met with his family. After the imprisonment of protesters of Gray's death, Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay-Z donated thousands of dollars to bail them out."}], ["Tema feminisme dan wanita pada album solo Beyonc\u00e9 B'Day telah diilhami oleh peranannya dalam Dreamgirls dan oleh penyanyi Josephine Baker. Beyonc\u00e9 memberi penghormatan kepada Baker dengan melakukan \"D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu\" pada konsert Fashion Rocks 2006 memakai skirt mini hula cap dagang Baker yang dihiasi dengan pisang palsu. Album solo Beyonc\u00e9 I Am ... Sasha Fierce diilhamkan oleh Jay Z dan terutama oleh Etta James, yang \"berani\" memberi inspirasi kepada Beyonc\u00e9 untuk meneroka genre dan gaya muzik lain. Album solo keempatnya, 4, diilhamkan oleh Fela Kuti, R & B, Bumi, Angin & Kebakaran pada 1990, DeBarge, Lionel Richie, Teena Marie dengan pengaruh tambahan oleh The Jackson 5, Edisi Baru, Adele, Florence dan Mesin, dan Prince. <> Tema apa yang dipengaruhi oleh peranannya dalam Dreamgirls? || feminisme dan pemberdayaan wanita <> Penyanyi mana yang menghormati Beyonce dengan menghiburkan dengan lagu \"Deja Vu\"? || Josephine Baker <> Siapa yang memotivasi Beyonce untuk meneroka bidang muzik lain? || Etta James <> Filem apa yang mempengaruhi Beyonce ke arah tema pemberdayaan? || Dreamgirls <> Bagaimana Etta James mempengaruhinya? || keberanian <> Di mana dia melakukan memakai skirt hula Baker? || 2006 Fesyen Rocks konsert <> Apa penyanyi terinspirasi album Beyonce B'Day? || Josephine Baker. <> Lagu apa Beyonce bernyanyi pada konsert 2006 untuk menghormati Josephine Baker? || Dejavu", {"qas": [{"question": "What themes were influenced by her acting role in Dreamgirls?", "id": "56bebba63aeaaa14008c930b", "answers": [{"text": "feminism and female empowerment", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which singer did Beyonce honor by entertaining with her song \"Deja Vu\"?", "id": "56bebba63aeaaa14008c930c", "answers": [{"text": "Josephine Baker", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who motivated Beyonce to explore other areas of music?", "id": "56bebba63aeaaa14008c930e", "answers": [{"text": "Etta James", "answer_start": 399}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What movie influenced Beyonce towards empowerment themes? ", "id": "56bfbda3a10cfb1400551297", "answers": [{"text": "Dreamgirls", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did Etta James influence her?", "id": "56bfbda3a10cfb140055129a", "answers": [{"text": "boldness", "answer_start": 418}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did she perform wearing Baker's hula skirt?", "id": "56bfbda3a10cfb140055129b", "answers": [{"text": "2006 Fashion Rocks concert", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What singer inspired Beyonc\u00e9's B'Day album?", "id": "56d4e0532ccc5a1400d832d4", "answers": [{"text": "Josephine Baker.", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Beyonc\u00e9 sing at a 2006 concert to honor Josephine Baker?", "id": "56d4e0532ccc5a1400d832d5", "answers": [{"text": "D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The feminism and female empowerment themes on Beyonc\u00e9's second solo album B'Day were inspired by her role in Dreamgirls and by singer Josephine Baker. Beyonc\u00e9 paid homage to Baker by performing \"D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu\" at the 2006 Fashion Rocks concert wearing Baker's trademark mini-hula skirt embellished with fake bananas. Beyonc\u00e9's third solo album I Am... Sasha Fierce was inspired by Jay Z and especially by Etta James, whose \"boldness\" inspired Beyonc\u00e9 to explore other musical genres and styles. Her fourth solo album, 4, was inspired by Fela Kuti, 1990s R&B, Earth, Wind & Fire, DeBarge, Lionel Richie, Teena Marie with additional influences by The Jackson 5, New Edition, Adele, Florence and the Machine, and Prince."}], ["Dia telah menerima kredit bersama untuk kebanyakan lagu yang dirakam dengan Destiny's Child dan usaha solonya. Lagu awalnya digerakkan secara peribadi dan komposisi bertemakan wanita seperti \"Wanita Bebas\" dan \"Survivor\", tetapi selepas permulaan hubungannya dengan Jay Z, dia beralih ke lebih banyak lagu yang berjaga-jaga seperti \"Cater 2 U\". Beyonc\u00e9 juga telah menerima kredit bersama untuk kebanyakan rekod di mana dia terlibat, terutamanya semasa usaha solonya. Walau bagaimanapun, dia tidak merumuskan dirinya, tetapi biasanya timbul dengan melodi dan idea semasa pengeluaran, berkongsi dengan pengeluar. <> Beyonce tidak mencipta aspek muziknya? || beats <> Contoh lagu yang ditujukan kepada penonton lelaki? || Cater 2 U <> Tema apa yang menjadi awal musik Beyonce? || Memperkasakan wanita <> Dengan Jay Z apa tema barunya? || lagu yang mengendalikan lagu <> Apa yang dia mendapat kredit untuk muziknya? || kredit penghasilan bersama <> Apa bahagian pengeluaran yang dia lakukan? || melodi <> rekaman awal Beyonc\u00e9 yang diberdayakan siapa? || Wanita <> Sebagai tambahan kepada kredit menulis bersama, Beyonc\u00e9 juga mendapat kredit apa-apa untuk kebanyakan albumnya? || Pengeluaran bersama <> Daripada ketukan, apakah dua perkara yang biasanya dibuat oleh Beyonce untuk pengeluar? || melodi dan idea", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce does not create which aspect of her music?", "id": "56beb67d3aeaaa14008c929a", "answers": [{"text": "beats", "answer_start": 521}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "An example of a song aimed towards a male audience is what?", "id": "56beb67d3aeaaa14008c929b", "answers": [{"text": "Cater 2 U", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What theme was Beyonce's early music?", "id": "56bfb8dca10cfb1400551279", "answers": [{"text": "female-empowerment", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With Jay Z what were her new themes?", "id": "56bfb8dca10cfb140055127b", "answers": [{"text": "man-tending anthems", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does she get credits for in her music?", "id": "56bfb8dca10cfb140055127c", "answers": [{"text": "co-producing credits", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of production does she do?", "id": "56bfb8dca10cfb140055127d", "answers": [{"text": "melodies", "answer_start": 564}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonc\u00e9's early recordings empowered who?", "id": "56d4dd502ccc5a1400d832ae", "answers": [{"text": "Women", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to co-writing credits, Beyonc\u00e9 also got what credits for most of her albums?", "id": "56d4dd502ccc5a1400d832b0", "answers": [{"text": "co-producing", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Rather than beats, what two things does Beyonc\u00e9 usually come up with for producers?", "id": "56d4dd502ccc5a1400d832b1", "answers": [{"text": "melodies and ideas", "answer_start": 564}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "She has received co-writing credits for most of the songs recorded with Destiny's Child and her solo efforts. Her early songs were personally driven and female-empowerment themed compositions like \"Independent Women\" and \"Survivor\", but after the start of her relationship with Jay Z she transitioned to more man-tending anthems such as \"Cater 2 U\". Beyonc\u00e9 has also received co-producing credits for most of the records in which she has been involved, especially during her solo efforts. However, she does not formulate beats herself, but typically comes up with melodies and ideas during production, sharing them with producers."}], ["Pada 2015 Beyonc\u00e9 menandatangani surat terbuka yang SATU Kempen telah mengumpul tandatangan untuk; surat itu ditujukan kepada Angela Merkel dan Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, mendesak mereka untuk memberi tumpuan kepada wanita ketika mereka berkhidmat sebagai ketua G7 di Jerman dan AU di Afrika Selatan masing-masing, yang akan mula menetapkan prioritas pembiayaan pembangunan sebelum sidang kemuncak PBB utama pada bulan September 2015 yang akan mewujudkan matlamat pembangunan baru untuk generasi. <> Beyonce menandatangani surat dengan siapa pada tahun 2015? || SATU Kempen <> Sidang kemuncak PBB yang penting berlaku ketika? || September 2015 <> Surat Beyonce ditandatangani pada isu apa? || wanita <> Apa yang perlu ditetapkan dalam membangunkan dana? || keutamaan <> Bilakah Beyonce menandatangani surat untuk SATU Kempen? || 2015 <> Kepada siapa surat yang dialamatkan? || Angela Merkel dan Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma <> Siapa wanita-wanita ini? || ketua G7 di Jerman <> Bilakah mereka akan bertemu? || September 2015 <> Siapa yang Beyonce menandatangani surat pada tahun 2015? || SATU Kempen <> Siapakah surat yang dialamatkan? || Angela Merkel dan Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma <> Apakah Angela Merkel berkhidmat sebagai berhubung dengan surat itu? || ketua G7 di Jerman <> Apa surat itu mahu kedua-dua penerima memberi tumpuan? || wanita", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce signed a letter with who in 2015?", "id": "56beb0683aeaaa14008c9211", "answers": [{"text": "the ONE Campaign", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "An important UN summit took place when?", "id": "56beb0683aeaaa14008c9213", "answers": [{"text": "September 2015", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The letter Beyonce signed focused on what issue?", "id": "56beb0683aeaaa14008c9214", "answers": [{"text": "women", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What had to be set in developing funding?", "id": "56beb0683aeaaa14008c9215", "answers": [{"text": "priorities", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonce sign a letter for ONE Campaign?", "id": "56bfb10da10cfb1400551247", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To whom was the letter addressed?", "id": "56bfb10da10cfb1400551248", "answers": [{"text": "Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who are these women?", "id": "56bfb10da10cfb1400551249", "answers": [{"text": "head of the G7 in Germany", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When will they meet?", "id": "56bfb10da10cfb140055124b", "answers": [{"text": "September 2015", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonc\u00e9 sign a letter for in 2015?", "id": "56d4d5ef2ccc5a1400d83286", "answers": [{"text": "the ONE Campaign", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the letter addressed to?", "id": "56d4d5ef2ccc5a1400d83287", "answers": [{"text": "Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Angela Merkel serving as in relation to the letter?", "id": "56d4d5ef2ccc5a1400d83288", "answers": [{"text": "the head of the G7 in Germany", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the letter want the two recipients to focus on?", "id": "56d4d5ef2ccc5a1400d8328a", "answers": [{"text": "women", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2015 Beyonc\u00e9 signed an open letter which the ONE Campaign had been collecting signatures for; the letter was addressed to Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, urging them to focus on women as they serve as the head of the G7 in Germany and the AU in South Africa respectively, which will start to set the priorities in development funding before a main UN summit in September 2015 that will establish new development goals for the generation."}], ["Muzik Beyonc\u00e9 biasanya R & B, tetapi dia juga memasukkan pop, jiwa dan funk ke lagu-lagunya. 4 menunjukkan penjelajahan Beyonc\u00e9 dari gaya R & B 90-an, serta penggunaan jiwa dan hip hop lebih jauh berbanding dengan siaran sebelumnya. Walaupun dia hampir melepaskan lagu Inggeris, Beyonc\u00e9 mencatatkan beberapa lagu Sepanyol untuk Irreemplazable (rekod semula lagu dari B'Day untuk penonton bahasa Sepanyol), dan pembebasan semula B'Day. Untuk merekodkan ini, Beyonc\u00e9 dilatih secara fonetik oleh pengeluar rekod Amerika Rudy Perez. <> Muzik dari Beyonce umumnya dikategorikan sebagai genre apa? || R & B <> Selain R & B, yang genre yang disiarkan Beyonce? || pop, jiwa dan funk <> Beyonce kebanyakannya melepaskan lagu-lagu bahasa Inggeris, tetapi apa bahasa lain dia melepaskan lagu? || Bahasa Sepanyol <> Lagu-lagu Sepanyol Beyonce dikeluarkan untuk apa? || pelepasan semula B'Day <> Beyonce dilatih untuk lagu-lagu Sepanyolnya di mana Amerika? || Rudy Perez <> Apa jenis muzik yang dilakukan oleh Beyonce? || R & B <> Bahasa apa yang dia mainkan? || Bahasa Inggeris <> Apa bahasa lain yang dia dinyanyikan? || Bahasa Sepanyol <> Apa album yang dia dilepaskan semula dalam bahasa Sepanyol? || B'Day <> Apa gaya muzik yang biasanya dilakukan oleh Beyonc\u00e9? || R & B <> Bahasa apa yang Beyonce melepaskan beberapa lagu? || Bahasa Sepanyol <> Siapa yang melatih Beyonce untuk rakaman bahasa Sepanyolnya? || Rudy Perez. <> Apa album yang dihasilkan oleh lagu-lagu Sepanyol? || B'Day.", {"qas": [{"question": "Music from Beyonce is generally categorized as what genre?", "id": "56beb5b23aeaaa14008c9283", "answers": [{"text": "R&B", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides R&B, which genres does Beyonce dabble in?", "id": "56beb5b23aeaaa14008c9284", "answers": [{"text": "pop, soul and funk", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce mostly releases English songs, but what other language did she release songs?", "id": "56beb5b23aeaaa14008c9285", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Spanish songs Beyonce released were for what?", "id": "56beb5b23aeaaa14008c9286", "answers": [{"text": "re-release of B'Day", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce was coached for her Spanish songs by which American?", "id": "56beb5b23aeaaa14008c9287", "answers": [{"text": "Rudy Perez", "answer_start": 516}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of music does Beyonce do?", "id": "56bfb789a10cfb140055126f", "answers": [{"text": "R&B", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language does she mainly sing?", "id": "56bfb789a10cfb1400551271", "answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other language has she sung?", "id": "56bfb789a10cfb1400551272", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What album did she re-release in Spanish?", "id": "56bfb789a10cfb1400551273", "answers": [{"text": "B'Day", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What style of music does Beyonc\u00e9 usually perform?", "id": "56d4d9a92ccc5a1400d832a6", "answers": [{"text": "R&B", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language did Beyonc\u00e9 release several songs in?", "id": "56d4d9a92ccc5a1400d832a7", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who coached Beyonc\u00e9 for her Spanish recordings?", "id": "56d4d9a92ccc5a1400d832a8", "answers": [{"text": "Rudy Perez.", "answer_start": 516}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What album did the Spanish songs come from?", "id": "56d4d9a92ccc5a1400d832a9", "answers": [{"text": "B'Day.", "answer_start": 431}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9's music is generally R&B, but she also incorporates pop, soul and funk into her songs. 4 demonstrated Beyonc\u00e9's exploration of 90s-style R&B, as well as further use of soul and hip hop than compared to previous releases. While she almost exclusively releases English songs, Beyonc\u00e9 recorded several Spanish songs for Irreemplazable (re-recordings of songs from B'Day for a Spanish-language audience), and the re-release of B'Day. To record these, Beyonc\u00e9 was coached phonetically by American record producer Rudy Perez."}], ["Beyonc\u00e9 menamakan Michael Jackson sebagai pengaruh muzik utamanya. Berumur lima, Beyonce menghadiri konsert pertamanya di mana Jackson tampil dan dia mendakwa telah menyedari tujuannya. Apabila dia membentangkannya dengan anugerah penghargaan di Anugerah Muzik Dunia pada tahun 2006, Beyonc\u00e9 berkata, \"jika bukan untuk Michael Jackson, saya tidak akan pernah melakukannya.\" Dia mengagumi Diana Ross sebagai penghibur \"all-around\" dan Whitney Houston, yang katanya \"memberi inspirasi kepada saya untuk bangun di sana dan melakukan apa yang dia lakukan.\" Dia mengiktiraf nyanyian Mariah Carey dan lagu \"Visi Cinta\" sebagai mempengaruhi dia untuk memulakan berlatih vokal semasa kanak-kanak. Pengaruh muzik lain termasuk Aaliyah, Putera, Lauryn Hill, Sade Adu, Donna Summer, Mary J. Blige, Janet Jackson, Anita Baker dan Rachelle Ferrell. <> Kepada siapa yang menjadi kredit Beyonce sebagai pengaruh utamanya pada muziknya? || Michael Jackson <> Berapa lama Beyonce ketika dia pergi ke konsert Michael Jackson pertamanya sebagai seorang anak? || lima <> Beyonce memberi penghargaan kepada siapa pada tahun 2006? || Michael Jackson <> Beyonce memetik Mariah Carey untuk membuatnya ingin memulakan apa? || vokal berjalan <> Siapa yang mempengaruhi Beyonce? || Michael Jackson <> Apa lagu oleh Mariah Carey mempengaruhinya? || Visi Cinta <> Siapa pengaruh muzik Beyonce yang terbesar? || Michael Jackson <> Apakah konsert pertama Beyonce? || Michael Jackson <> Siapa yang rasa Beyonce adalah penghibur semua-sekitar? || Diana Ross <> Siapa yang dia mengutamakan inspirasi untuk \"bangun di sana dan melakukan apa yang dia lakukan\"? || Whitney Houston <> Apa lagu yang menyebabkan Beyonc\u00e9 berlatih berjalan seperti kanak-kanak? || Visi Cinta", {"qas": [{"question": "To whom did Beyonce credit as her major influence on her music?", "id": "56beba293aeaaa14008c92ef", "answers": [{"text": "Michael Jackson", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old was Beyonce when she went to her first Michael Jackson concert as a kid?", "id": "56beba293aeaaa14008c92f0", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce gave a tribute award to who in 2006?", "id": "56beba293aeaaa14008c92f1", "answers": [{"text": "Michael Jackson", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce cites Mariah Carey to making her want to start doing what?", "id": "56beba293aeaaa14008c92f2", "answers": [{"text": "vocal runs", "answer_start": 589}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who influenced Beyonce?", "id": "56bfbc17a10cfb140055128d", "answers": [{"text": "Michael Jackson", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song by Mariah Carey influenced her?", "id": "56bfbc17a10cfb1400551290", "answers": [{"text": "Vision of Love", "answer_start": 534}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is Beyonc\u00e9's biggest musical influence?", "id": "56d4dfc82ccc5a1400d832ca", "answers": [{"text": "Michael Jackson", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Beyonc\u00e9's first concert?", "id": "56d4dfc82ccc5a1400d832cb", "answers": [{"text": "Michael Jackson", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does Beyonc\u00e9 feel is an all-around entertainer?", "id": "56d4dfc82ccc5a1400d832cc", "answers": [{"text": "Diana Ross", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does she credit for the inspiration to \"get up there and do what she did\"?", "id": "56d4dfc82ccc5a1400d832cd", "answers": [{"text": "Whitney Houston", "answer_start": 404}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song caused Beyonc\u00e9 to practice runs as a child?", "id": "56d4dfc82ccc5a1400d832ce", "answers": [{"text": "Vision of Love", "answer_start": 534}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9 names Michael Jackson as her major musical influence. Aged five, Beyonc\u00e9 attended her first ever concert where Jackson performed and she claims to have realised her purpose. When she presented him with a tribute award at the World Music Awards in 2006, Beyonc\u00e9 said, \"if it wasn't for Michael Jackson, I would never ever have performed.\" She admires Diana Ross as an \"all-around entertainer\" and Whitney Houston, who she said \"inspired me to get up there and do what she did.\" She credits Mariah Carey's singing and her song \"Vision of Love\" as influencing her to begin practicing vocal runs as a child. Her other musical influences include Aaliyah, Prince, Lauryn Hill, Sade Adu, Donna Summer, Mary J. Blige, Janet Jackson, Anita Baker and Rachelle Ferrell."}], ["Dalam wawancara yang diterbitkan oleh Vogue pada bulan April 2013, Beyonc\u00e9 ditanya sama ada dia menganggap dirinya seorang feminis, di mana dia berkata, \"kata itu boleh sangat melampau ... Tetapi saya rasa saya seorang feminis moden, saya percaya kesaksamaan\". Dia kemudian akan menyelaraskan dirinya dengan lebih terbuka dengan pergerakan itu, \"Kita semua harus menjadi feminis\", ucapan yang disampaikan penulis Nigeria, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie pada persidangan TEDxEuston pada bulan April 2013, dalam lagu \"Flawless\" yang dibebaskan pada tahun itu. Dia juga menyumbang kepada kempen Ban Bossy, yang menggunakan televisyen dan media sosial untuk menggalakkan kepimpinan dalam gadis. <> Beyonce melakukan wawancara dengan majalah mana dan ditanya tentang feminisme? || Vogue <> Beyonce menyokong kempen yang menggalakkan kepimpinan di kalangan perempuan? || Kempen Ban Bossy <> Di mana Beyonce dipetik sebagai berkata bahawa dia adalah feminis moden? || Vogue <> Kapan dia berkata dia seorang feminis? || April 2013 <> Apa kempen yang dia sumbangkan? || Ban Bossy <> Lagu apa yang dia keluarkan pada tahun 2013 sebagai tindak balas kepada ucapan? || Tidak sempurna <> Apa yang digalakkan oleh Ban Bossy? || kepimpinan dalam kanak-kanak perempuan <> Beyonc\u00e9 menggunakan kata-kata dari pengarang Nigeria dalam lagunya, Flawless? || Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie <> Kempen mana yang memberi sumbangan Beyonc\u00e9 kepada kepimpinan yang menggalakkan wanita? || Ban Bossy", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce did an interview with which magazine and was asked about feminism?", "id": "56beabab3aeaaa14008c91db", "answers": [{"text": "Vogue", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce supported which campaign that encourages leadership in girls?", "id": "56beabab3aeaaa14008c91dc", "answers": [{"text": "Ban Bossy campaign", "answer_start": 514}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Beyonce quoted as saying that she is a modern-day feminist?", "id": "56bfafdba10cfb140055123d", "answers": [{"text": "Vogue", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did she say the she is a feminist?", "id": "56bfafdba10cfb140055123e", "answers": [{"text": "April 2013", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What campaign did she contribute to?", "id": "56bfafdba10cfb140055123f", "answers": [{"text": "Ban Bossy", "answer_start": 514}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did she release in 2013 in response to a speech?", "id": "56bfafdba10cfb1400551240", "answers": [{"text": "Flawless", "answer_start": 445}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Ban Bossy encourage?", "id": "56bfafdba10cfb1400551241", "answers": [{"text": "leadership in girls", "answer_start": 586}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonc\u00e9 used words from which Nigerian author in her song, Flawless?", "id": "56d4d3b12ccc5a1400d83277", "answers": [{"text": "Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie", "answer_start": 365}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which campaign does Beyonc\u00e9 contribute to that encourages leadership in females?", "id": "56d4d3b12ccc5a1400d83278", "answers": [{"text": "Ban Bossy", "answer_start": 514}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In an interview published by Vogue in April 2013, Beyonc\u00e9 was asked if she considers herself a feminist, to which she said, \"that word can be very extreme... But I guess I am a modern-day feminist. I do believe in equality\". She would later align herself more publicly with the movement, sampling \"We should all be feminists\", a speech delivered by Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a TEDxEuston conference in April 2013, in her song \"Flawless\", released later that year. She has also contributed to the Ban Bossy campaign, which uses television and social media to encourage leadership in girls."}], ["Pada tahun 2001, beliau menjadi wanita Afrika-Amerika pertama dan penulis lagu kedua untuk memenangi anugerah Pop Songwriter of the Year di American Society of Composers, Authors, dan Publishers Pop Music Awards. Beyonc\u00e9 adalah wanita ketiga yang mempunyai kredit menulis pada tiga nombor lagu (\"Tidak dapat digantikan\", \"Grillz\" dan \"Check on It\") pada tahun yang sama, selepas Carole King pada tahun 1971 dan Mariah Carey pada tahun 1991. Dia terikat dengan Amerika penulis lagu Diane Warren yang ketiga dengan sembilan kredit lagu mengenai nombor satu perseorangan. (Yang terakhir menulis lagu 9/11-nya \"I Was Here\" untuk 4.) Pada Mei 2011, majalah Billboard menyenaraikan Beyonc\u00e9 di nombor 17 dalam senarai \"Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters\", kerana telah menulis bersama lapan perseorangan yang melanda nombor satu di carta Billboard Hot 100. Beliau adalah salah satu daripada tiga wanita dalam senarai itu. <> Pop Songwriter of the Year award pada tahun 2001 telah dianugerahkan kepada siapa? || Beyonc\u00e9 <> Beyonce menerima penghargaan Pop Songwriter of the Year di mana acara itu? || Persatuan Muzik Amerika, Pengarang, dan Penerbit Pop Muzik Anugerah <> Beyonce mempunyai jumlah kredit yang sama pada nombor satu perseorang siapa? || Diane Warren <> Beyonce menyertai 2 wanita lain dalam senarai apa dari majalah Billboard pada tahun 2011? || Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters <> Bilakah Beyonce menjadi wanita Afrika Amerika yang pertama untuk memenangi pencipta lagu Pop tahun ini? || 2001 <> Apa tempat dia terikat dalam kredit lagu? || ketiga <> Siapa yang menyenaraikannya di nombor 17 dalam senarai Top 20 panas 100 Songwriters? || Majalah Billboard <> Di manakah dia menulis kredit untuk tiga nombor satu lagu? || Wanita ketiga <> Apakah yang dipetik Beyonce pada tahun 2001, menjadikannya wanita hitam yang pertama melakukannya? || Penyanyi Songwriter Terbaik Tahun Ini <> Siapa yang memberi Beyonce Pop Songwriter of the Year award pada tahun 2001? || Persatuan Muzik Komposer Amerika, Pengarang, dan Penerbit Pop Muzik. <> Beyonce adalah salah satu daripada berapa banyak wanita di majalah \"Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters\" 2011 majalah Billboard. || tiga <> nombor apa Beyonce dalam senarai Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters? || 17", {"qas": [{"question": "Pop Songwriter of the Year award in 2001 was awarded to whom?", "id": "56beb9203aeaaa14008c92d1", "answers": [{"text": "Beyonc\u00e9", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce received the Pop Songwriter of the Year award at which event?", "id": "56beb9203aeaaa14008c92d2", "answers": [{"text": "American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce has the same number of writing credits on number one singles as whom?", "id": "56beb9203aeaaa14008c92d4", "answers": [{"text": "Diane Warren", "answer_start": 436}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce joined 2 other women on what list from Billboard magazine in 2011?", "id": "56beb9203aeaaa14008c92d5", "answers": [{"text": "Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters", "answer_start": 656}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonce become the first African American woman to win Pop songwriter of the year?", "id": "56bfbacaa10cfb1400551283", "answers": [{"text": "2001", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What place is she tied for in songwriting credits?", "id": "56bfbacaa10cfb1400551284", "answers": [{"text": "third", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who listed her at number 17 in their list of  Top 20 hot 100 Songwriters?", "id": "56bfbacaa10cfb1400551285", "answers": [{"text": "Billboard magazine", "answer_start": 587}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does she place in writing credits  for three number one songs?", "id": "56bfbacaa10cfb1400551287", "answers": [{"text": "third woman", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Beyonc\u00e9 win in 2001, making her the first black woman to do so?", "id": "56d4df312ccc5a1400d832b6", "answers": [{"text": "Pop Songwriter of the Year award", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who gave Beyonc\u00e9 the Pop Songwriter of the Year award in 2001?", "id": "56d4df312ccc5a1400d832b7", "answers": [{"text": "the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards.", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonc\u00e9 was one of how many women on Billboard magazine's 2011 \"Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters\" list.", "id": "56d4df312ccc5a1400d832b9", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What number was Beyonc\u00e9 on the Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters list?", "id": "56d4df312ccc5a1400d832ba", "answers": [{"text": "17", "answer_start": 631}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2001, she became the first African-American woman and second woman songwriter to win the Pop Songwriter of the Year award at the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards. Beyonc\u00e9 was the third woman to have writing credits on three number one songs (\"Irreplaceable\", \"Grillz\" and \"Check on It\") in the same year, after Carole King in 1971 and Mariah Carey in 1991. She is tied with American songwriter Diane Warren at third with nine songwriting credits on number-one singles. (The latter wrote her 9/11-motivated song \"I Was Here\" for 4.) In May 2011, Billboard magazine listed Beyonc\u00e9 at number 17 on their list of the \"Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters\", for having co-written eight singles that hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. She was one of only three women on that list."}], ["Jangkauan vokal Beyonc\u00e9 menjangkau empat oktaf. Jody Rosen menyoroti nada dan lagu-lagunya sebagai tersendiri, menggambarkan suaranya sebagai \"salah satu instrumen yang paling menarik dalam muzik popular\". Walaupun pengkritik lain mengatakan bahawa dia adalah \"Vokal akrobat, mampu menyanyikan melismas panjang dan kompleks dan berjalan lancar dengan mudah, dan di dalamnya Kebolehan vokalnya bermakna dia dikenal pasti sebagai pusat Destiny's Child.\" Daily Mail memanggil suara Beyonc\u00e9 \"serba boleh Jon Pareles dari The New York Times berkomentar bahawa suaranya adalah \"halus tetapi tenggorokan, dengan kekacauan dan rencananya yang bersemangat\". Nota-nota Rosen bahawa era hip hop sangat mempengaruhi gaya vokal berirama Beyonce yang aneh, tetapi juga mendapati dia cukup tradisionalis dalam penggunaan balad, injil dan falsetto. Pengkritik lain memuji jajarannya dan kuasa, dengan Chris Richards dari The Washington Post mengatakan dia \"mampu memetik apa-apa pukulan dengan berbisik-bisik berbisik-bisik atau penuh-menaung-roar. \"<> Berbagai beyonce dalam nyanyian adalah berapa banyak oktaf? || empat <> yang bercakap tentang nada dan bunyi Beyonce yang tersendiri? en <> Pengkritik mana yang memanggil suara Beyonce \"serba boleh\"? || The Daily Mail <> era mana yang dikreditkan telah mempengaruhi gaya nyanyian Beyonce oleh Jody Rosen? || hip hop <> Berapa banyak oktaf yang ada Beyonce? || empat octaves <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh Daily Mail mengenai suara Beyonce? || serba boleh <> Apa tuntutan Rosen mempengaruhi gaya Beyonce? || hip hop <> Apa yang dikatakan pengkritik lain? || pujian jangkauan dan kekuatannya <> Berapa banyak oktaf memainkan span suara Beyonc\u00e9? || empat <> Mengapa Beyonc\u00e9 dikenali sebagai pusat Destiny's Child? || Kemampuan vokalnya <> New York Times 'Jon Pareles memanggil suara baldu Beyonc\u00e9 namun apa? || > Apa kata Jody Rosen mempengaruhi gaya vokal Beyonc\u00e9? || era hip hop", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce's range in singing is how many octaves?", "id": "56beb50f3aeaaa14008c926f", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "who talked about Beyonce's tone and timbre as distinctive?", "id": "56beb50f3aeaaa14008c9270", "answers": [{"text": "Jody Rosen", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which critic called Beyonce's voice \"versatile\"?", "id": "56beb50f3aeaaa14008c9271", "answers": [{"text": "The Daily Mail", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which era was credited to have influenced Beyonce's singing style by Jody Rosen?", "id": "56beb50f3aeaaa14008c9272", "answers": [{"text": "hip hop", "answer_start": 546}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many octaves does Beyonce have?", "id": "56bfb676a10cfb1400551265", "answers": [{"text": "four octaves", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Daily Mail say about Beyonce's voice?", "id": "56bfb676a10cfb1400551266", "answers": [{"text": "versatile", "answer_start": 453}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Rosen claim influenced Beyonce's style?", "id": "56bfb676a10cfb1400551267", "answers": [{"text": "hip hop", "answer_start": 714}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do other critics claim?", "id": "56bfb676a10cfb1400551269", "answers": [{"text": "praise her range and power", "answer_start": 883}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many octaves does Beyonc\u00e9's voice span?", "id": "56d4d9392ccc5a1400d8329e", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why is Beyonc\u00e9 known as the centerpiece of Destiny's Child?", "id": "56d4d9392ccc5a1400d8329f", "answers": [{"text": "Her vocal abilities", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New York Times' Jon Pareles calls Beyonc\u00e9's voice velvety yet what?", "id": "56d4d9392ccc5a1400d832a0", "answers": [{"text": "tart", "answer_start": 630}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Jody Rosen say influenced Beyonc\u00e9's vocal style?", "id": "56d4d9392ccc5a1400d832a1", "answers": [{"text": "the hip hop era", "answer_start": 710}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9's vocal range spans four octaves. Jody Rosen highlights her tone and timbre as particularly distinctive, describing her voice as \"one of the most compelling instruments in popular music\". While another critic says she is a \"Vocal acrobat, being able to sing long and complex melismas and vocal runs effortlessly, and in key. Her vocal abilities mean she is identified as the centerpiece of Destiny's Child. The Daily Mail calls Beyonc\u00e9's voice \"versatile\", capable of exploring power ballads, soul, rock belting, operatic flourishes, and hip hop. Jon Pareles of The New York Times commented that her voice is \"velvety yet tart, with an insistent flutter and reserves of soul belting\". Rosen notes that the hip hop era highly influenced Beyonc\u00e9's strange rhythmic vocal style, but also finds her quite traditionalist in her use of balladry, gospel and falsetto. Other critics praise her range and power, with Chris Richards of The Washington Post saying she was \"capable of punctuating any beat with goose-bump-inducing whispers or full-bore diva-roars.\""}], ["Majalah Forbes mula melaporkan pendapatan Beyonc\u00e9 pada tahun 2008, mengira bahawa $ 80 juta yang diperoleh antara Jun 2007 hingga Jun 2008, untuk muzik, lawatan, filem dan garisan pakaiannya menjadikannya kepribadian muzik terbaik di dunia pada masa itu, di atas Madonna dan Celine Dion. Mereka menduduki tempat keempat dalam senarai Celebrity 100 pada tahun 2009 dan kesembilan pada senarai \"Wanita Yang Maha Kuasa di Dunia\" pada tahun 2010. Pada tahun berikutnya, Forbes meletakkan kelapannya di senarai \"Selebriti Terbaik Di Bawah 30\", setelah memperoleh $ 35 juta pada tahun lalu untuk garis pakaian dan tawaran pengendorsannya. Pada tahun 2012, Forbes meletakkan Beyonc\u00e9 pada nombor 16 pada senarai Celebrity 100, dua belas tempat lebih rendah daripada tiga tahun lalu namun masih memperoleh $ 40 juta pada tahun lalu untuk album 4, garis pakaian dan tawaran sokongan. Pada tahun yang sama, Beyonc\u00e9 dan Jay Z diletakkan di nombor satu di \"Pasangan Selebriti Teratas di Dunia\", untuk memperoleh pendapatan $ 78 juta secara kolektif. Pasangan ini membuatnya menjadi Guinness World Records tahun lalu sebagai \"pasangan berpenghasilan tertinggi\" untuk pendapatan kolektif $ 122 juta pada 2009. Bagi tahun 2009 hingga 2011, Beyonc\u00e9 memperoleh purata $ 70 juta setahun, dan memperoleh $ 40 juta dalam 2012. Pada tahun 2013, sokongan Beyonc\u00e9 Pepsi dan H & M menjadikannya dan Jay Z pasangan bilion dolar dunia pertama dalam industri muzik. Pada tahun itu, Beyonc\u00e9 diterbitkan sebagai selebriti keempat paling kuat dalam kedudukan Forbes. MTV menganggarkan bahawa menjelang akhir tahun 2014, Beyonc\u00e9 akan menjadi musisi hitam dibayar paling tinggi dalam sejarah; dia berjaya berbuat demikian pada bulan April 2014. Pada bulan Jun 2014, Beyonce menduduki tempat # 1 pada senarai 100 Forbes Celebrity, dengan pendapatan kira-kira $ 115 juta sepanjang bulan Jun 2013 - Jun 2014. Ini seterusnya adalah kali pertama dia mendahului 100 Celebrity senarai serta pendapatan tahunan tertinggi beliau sehingga kini. Sehingga Mei 2015, nilai bersihnya dianggarkan $ 250 juta. <> Beyonce mengalahkan seniman musikal yang paling banyak dibayarkan antara bulan Jun 2007 dan Jun 2008? || Madonna dan Celine Dion <> Beyonce dan Jay Z mendapat rekod Dunia Guinness untuk apa pada tahun 2009? || Pasangan berpengaruh tertinggi <> Beyonce menjadi musisi hitam dibayar paling tinggi di mana tahun itu? || 2014 <Sehingga Mei 2015, berapa jumlah nilai Beyonce yang bernilai? || 250 juta <> Antara tahun 2008 dan 2009, yang penghibur Beyonce menewaskan pendapatan? || Madonna dan Celine Dion <> Pada tahun 2012 yang meletakkan Beyonce di 16 dalam Senarai Selebriti? || Forbes <> Bilakah dia dan Jay Z menjadi pasangan selebriti hitam berbayar tertinggi? || 2011 <> Berapa banyak yang dia peroleh pada tahun 2014? || 115 juta <> Apakah nilai bersih Beyonce pada 2015? || 250 juta <> Siapa yang mula melaporkan pendapatan tahunan Beyonc\u00e9, bermula pada tahun 2008? || Forbes <> Kapan Beyonce menjadi musisi hitam dibayar paling tinggi, pernahkah? || April 2014. <> Siapa yang meramalkan bahawa Beyonce akan menjadi penghibur hitam berbayar tertinggi? || MTV <> Bilakah Jay Z dan Beyonc\u00e9 menjadi pasangan muzik pertama bernilai lebih satu bilion dolar? || 2013", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce beat out which musical artists for most paid between June 2007 and June 2008?", "id": "56beb4023aeaaa14008c9252", "answers": [{"text": "Madonna and Celine Dion", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce and Jay Z got a Guinness World record for what in 2009?", "id": "56beb4023aeaaa14008c9253", "answers": [{"text": "highest-earning power couple", "answer_start": 1013}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce became the highest-paid black musician in which year?", "id": "56beb4023aeaaa14008c9254", "answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 1460}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Up until May of 2015, how much is Beyonce's total worth?", "id": "56beb4023aeaaa14008c9255", "answers": [{"text": "250 million", "answer_start": 1880}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Between 2008 and 2009, which entertainers did Beyonce beat in earnings?", "id": "56bfb502a10cfb140055125b", "answers": [{"text": "Madonna and Celine Dion", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2012 who placed Beyonce at 16 in the Celebrity List?", "id": "56bfb502a10cfb140055125c", "answers": [{"text": "Forbes", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did she and Jay Z become the highest paid black celebrity couple?", "id": "56bfb502a10cfb140055125d", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 1112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did she earn in 2014?", "id": "56bfb502a10cfb140055125e", "answers": [{"text": "115 million", "answer_start": 1660}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Beyonce's net worth in 2015?", "id": "56bfb502a10cfb140055125f", "answers": [{"text": "250 million", "answer_start": 1880}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who began reporting Beyonc\u00e9's annual earnings, starting in 2008?", "id": "56d4d8702ccc5a1400d83294", "answers": [{"text": "Forbes", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonc\u00e9 become the highest paid black musician, ever?", "id": "56d4d8702ccc5a1400d83296", "answers": [{"text": "April 2014.", "answer_start": 1557}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who predicted that Beyonc\u00e9 would become the highest paid black entertainer?", "id": "56d4d8702ccc5a1400d83297", "answers": [{"text": "MTV", "answer_start": 1427}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Jay Z and Beyonc\u00e9 become the first music couple worth over a billion dollars?", "id": "56d4d8702ccc5a1400d83298", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 1204}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Forbes magazine began reporting on Beyonc\u00e9's earnings in 2008, calculating that the $80 million earned between June 2007 to June 2008, for her music, tour, films and clothing line made her the world's best-paid music personality at the time, above Madonna and Celine Dion. They placed her fourth on the Celebrity 100 list in 2009 and ninth on the \"Most Powerful Women in the World\" list in 2010. The following year, Forbes placed her eighth on the \"Best-Paid Celebrities Under 30\" list, having earned $35 million in the past year for her clothing line and endorsement deals. In 2012, Forbes placed Beyonc\u00e9 at number 16 on the Celebrity 100 list, twelve places lower than three years ago yet still having earned $40 million in the past year for her album 4, clothing line and endorsement deals. In the same year, Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay Z placed at number one on the \"World's Highest-Paid Celebrity Couples\", for collectively earning $78 million. The couple made it into the previous year's Guinness World Records as the \"highest-earning power couple\" for collectively earning $122 million in 2009. For the years 2009 to 2011, Beyonc\u00e9 earned an average of $70 million per year, and earned $40 million in 2012. In 2013, Beyonc\u00e9's endorsements of Pepsi and H&M made her and Jay Z the world's first billion dollar couple in the music industry. That year, Beyonc\u00e9 was published as the fourth most-powerful celebrity in the Forbes rankings. MTV estimated that by the end of 2014, Beyonc\u00e9 would become the highest-paid black musician in history; she succeeded to do so in April 2014. In June 2014, Beyonc\u00e9 ranked at #1 on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list, earning an estimated $115 million throughout June 2013 \u2013 June 2014. This in turn was the first time she had topped the Celebrity 100 list as well as being her highest yearly earnings to date. As of May 2015, her net worth is estimated to be $250 million."}], ["Bey Hive adalah nama yang diberikan kepada penggemar Beyonc\u00e9. Peminat sebelum ini berjudul \"The Beyontourage\", (seorang pelabuhan Beyonc\u00e9 dan rombongan). Nama Bey Hive berasal dari perkataan sarang lebah, sengaja dikalahkan untuk menyerupai nama pertamanya, dan ditulis oleh peminat selepas petisyen pada perkhidmatan rangkaian sosial dalam talian Twitter dan laporan berita dalam talian semasa pertandingan. <> Beyonce mempunyai pangkalan penggemar yang dirujuk sebagai apa? || The Bey Hive <> Sebelum Bey Hive, peminat Beyonce dipanggil apa? || The Beyontourage <> Syarikat media sosial mana yang menyatakan peminat Beyonce tahu sebagai Bey Hive? || Twitter <> Apakah peminat Beyonce disebut? || Bey Hive <> Apa yang dipanggil peminat? || Beyontourage <> Apakah istilah terbaru digunakan untuk menggambarkan peminat Beyonc\u00e9? || Bey Hive <> Apakah perkataan yang pertama diberikan kepada peminat Beyonce? || Beyontourage <> Berapa perkataan \"Bey Hive\" berasal dari? || sarang lebah", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce has a fan base that is referred to as what?", "id": "56bec6de3aeaaa14008c9407", "answers": [{"text": "The Bey Hive", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Before the Bey Hive, fans of Beyonce were called what?", "id": "56bec6de3aeaaa14008c9408", "answers": [{"text": "The Beyontourage", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which social media company proclaimed Beyonce fans are know as the Bey Hive?", "id": "56bec6de3aeaaa14008c9409", "answers": [{"text": "Twitter", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Beyonce's fan base called?", "id": "56bfcaf0a10cfb14005512e7", "answers": [{"text": "Bey Hive", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the fans used to be called?", "id": "56bfcaf0a10cfb14005512e8", "answers": [{"text": "Beyontourage", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the latest term used to describe Beyonc\u00e9 fans?", "id": "56d4e7eb2ccc5a1400d83316", "answers": [{"text": "Bey Hive", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the former word given to Beyonc\u00e9 fans?", "id": "56d4e7eb2ccc5a1400d83317", "answers": [{"text": "Beyontourage", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What word does \"Bey Hive\" derive from?", "id": "56d4e7eb2ccc5a1400d83318", "answers": [{"text": "beehive", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Bey Hive is the name given to Beyonc\u00e9's fan base. Fans were previously titled \"The Beyontourage\", (a portmanteau of Beyonc\u00e9 and entourage). The name Bey Hive derives from the word beehive, purposely misspelled to resemble her first name, and was penned by fans after petitions on the online social networking service Twitter and online news reports during competitions."}], ["Menurut pereka fesyen Itali, Roberto Cavalli, Beyonc\u00e9 menggunakan gaya fesyen yang berbeza untuk bekerja dengan muzik semasa melakukan. Ibunya menulis buku, yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2002, berjudul Destiny's Style, bagaimana fesyen memberi impak kepada kejayaan trio. Album Video Antologi B'Day menunjukkan banyak contoh rakaman berorientasikan fesyen, yang menggambarkan klasik dengan gaya almari kontemporari. Pada tahun 2007, Beyonc\u00e9 dipamerkan di bahagian Cover Sports Illustrated Issue, menjadi wanita Afrika Amerika kedua selepas Tyra Banks, dan majalah People mengiktiraf Beyonc\u00e9 sebagai selebriti berpakaian terbaik. <> Yang manakah bantuan Beyonce bersama menulis buku? || Ibunya <> Wanita Afrika-Amerika yang sebelum Beyonce telah menimbulkan isu SI Swimsuit? || Tyra Banks <> Apakah tajuk buku ibu Beyonce? || Gaya Destiny <> Bilakah dia berada di pelan Sukan Illustrated? || 2007 <> Siapa dia Amerika Afrika kedua pada penutup selepas? || Tyra Banks <> Beyonc\u00e9 adalah wanita Afrika Amerika kedua yang ditonjolkan sebagai penutup baju renang pada majalah itu, yang pertama? || Tyra Banks <> Apa yang dikatakan majalah Beyonce adalah \"selebriti berpakaian terbaik\"? || Orang", {"qas": [{"question": "Which parent of Beyonce's help co-write a book?", "id": "56bec6763aeaaa14008c93f4", "answers": [{"text": "Her mother", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which African-American woman before Beyonce had posed for SI Swimsuit issue?", "id": "56bec6763aeaaa14008c93f7", "answers": [{"text": "Tyra Banks", "answer_start": 535}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the title of Beyonce's mother's book?", "id": "56bfc87ca10cfb14005512dd", "answers": [{"text": "Destiny's Style", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was she on the Sports Illustrated cover?", "id": "56bfc87ca10cfb14005512e0", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 404}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was she the second  African American on the cover after?", "id": "56bfc87ca10cfb14005512e1", "answers": [{"text": "Tyra Banks", "answer_start": 535}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonc\u00e9 was the second African American woman featured as a swimsuit cover on the magazine, who was first?", "id": "56d4e62e2ccc5a1400d8330f", "answers": [{"text": "Tyra Banks", "answer_start": 535}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What magazine said Beyonc\u00e9 was the \"best-dressed celebrity\"?", "id": "56d4e62e2ccc5a1400d83310", "answers": [{"text": "People", "answer_start": 551}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to Italian fashion designer Roberto Cavalli, Beyonc\u00e9 uses different fashion styles to work with her music while performing. Her mother co-wrote a book, published in 2002, titled Destiny's Style an account of how fashion had an impact on the trio's success. The B'Day Anthology Video Album showed many instances of fashion-oriented footage, depicting classic to contemporary wardrobe styles. In 2007, Beyonc\u00e9 was featured on the cover of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, becoming the second African American woman after Tyra Banks, and People magazine recognized Beyonc\u00e9 as the best-dressed celebrity."}], ["Beyonc\u00e9 telah menerima pujian untuk kehadiran dan suara panggungnya semasa persembahan secara langsung. Jarett Wieselman dari New York Post meletakkannya di nombor satu dalam senarai Lima Penyanyi / Penari Terbaik. Menurut Barbara Ellen dari The Guardian Beyonc\u00e9 adalah artis wanita paling mahal yang dia lihat di panggung, sementara Alice Jones dari The Independent menulis dia \"mengambil peranannya sebagai penghibur sehingga serius dia hampir terlalu baik.\" Bekas Presiden Def Jam L.A. Reid telah menggambarkan Beyonc\u00e9 sebagai penghibur terbesar hidup. Jim Farber dari Daily News dan Stephanie Classen dari Star Phoenix memuji suara kuat dan kehadiran panggungnya. <> Ciri-ciri apa yang telah diterima oleh Beyonce? || kehadiran panggung dan suara <> Yang bekas presiden Def Jam memanggil Beyonce penghibur terbesar hidup? || L.A. Reid <> Untuk apa yang dipuji Beyonce? || kehadiran panggung <> Siapa yang memilihnya sebagai nombor satu dalam senarai Penyanyi / Penari Terbaik? || Jarett Wieselman <> Bagaimana L.A. Reid menggambarkannya? || penghibur terbesar hidup <> Bagaimana Alice Jones menggambarkannya? || dia hampir terlalu bagus <> Siapa yang mempunyai Beyonc\u00e9 di nombor satu di Lima Penyanyi / Penari Terbaik? || Jarett Wieselman <> Siapa yang mengatakan bahawa Beyonce adalah penghibur terbaik hidup? || L.A. Reid", {"qas": [{"question": "What characteristics has Beyonce received acclaim for?", "id": "56bec3303aeaaa14008c9391", "answers": [{"text": "stage presence and voice", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which former president of Def Jam called Beyonce the greatest entertainer alive?", "id": "56bec3303aeaaa14008c9393", "answers": [{"text": "L.A. Reid", "answer_start": 445}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what does Beyonce receive praise?", "id": "56bfc281a10cfb14005512b5", "answers": [{"text": "stage presence", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who chose her as number one on his list of Best singers/ Dancers?", "id": "56bfc281a10cfb14005512b6", "answers": [{"text": "Jarett Wieselman", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How has L.A. Reid described her?", "id": "56bfc281a10cfb14005512b8", "answers": [{"text": "greatest entertainer alive", "answer_start": 484}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does Alice Jones describe her?", "id": "56bfc281a10cfb14005512b9", "answers": [{"text": "she's almost too good", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has Beyonc\u00e9 at number one on her Five Best Singer/Dancers?", "id": "56d4e2142ccc5a1400d832ec", "answers": [{"text": "Jarett Wieselman", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has said that Beyonc\u00e9 is the best entertainer alive?", "id": "56d4e2142ccc5a1400d832ed", "answers": [{"text": "L.A. Reid", "answer_start": 445}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9 has received praise for her stage presence and voice during live performances. Jarett Wieselman of the New York Post placed her at number one on her list of the Five Best Singer/Dancers. According to Barbara Ellen of The Guardian Beyonc\u00e9 is the most in-charge female artist she's seen onstage, while Alice Jones of The Independent wrote she \"takes her role as entertainer so seriously she's almost too good.\" The ex-President of Def Jam L.A. Reid has described Beyonc\u00e9 as the greatest entertainer alive. Jim Farber of the Daily News and Stephanie Classen of Star Phoenix both praised her strong voice and her stage presence."}], ["Pada tahun 2006, organisasi hak asasi manusia untuk Rawatan Etika Haiwan (PETA), mengkritik Beyonc\u00e9 untuk memakai dan menggunakan bulu di garisan pakaian House of Der\u00e9on. Pada tahun 2011, dia muncul di sampul majalah fesyen Perancis L'Officiel, dalam blackface dan solek suku yang menarik kritikan dari media. Kenyataan yang dikeluarkan dari jurucakap majalah itu mengatakan bahawa rupa Beyonc\u00e9 adalah \"jauh dari Sasha Fierce yang glamor\" dan bahawa ia \"kembali kepada akar Afrika\". <> Beyonce mempunyai garis pakaian yang dikenali sebagai apa? || House of Der\u00e9on <> Yang majalah Perancis yang Beyonce muncul di sampul? || L'Officiel <> Beyonce dilihat memakai apa di majalah Perancis yang menyebabkan kontroversi? || blackface dan solek suku <> Tahun manakah PETA mencetuskan kontroversi dengan Beyonce? || 2006 <> Apa yang PETA mengkritik Beyonce pada tahun 2006? || untuk memakai dan menggunakan bulu <> Apa majalah Cover Perancis yang mengkritik media? || L'Officiel <> Bagaimana dia berpakaian penutup L'Officiel? || dalam blackface dan solek suku <> Apa majalah Perancis yang dibuat Beyonc\u00e9 muncul dalam memakai blackface dan solek suku? || L'Officiel <> Apa garis pakaian Beyonce menarik kritikan PETA? || House of Der\u00e9on. <> Apa jenis majalah L'Officiel? || Majalah fesyen Perancis", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce has a clothing line known as what?", "id": "56bec7b63aeaaa14008c9422", "answers": [{"text": "House of Der\u00e9on", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which French magazine did Beyonce show up on the cover of?", "id": "56bec7b63aeaaa14008c9423", "answers": [{"text": "L'Officiel", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce was seen wearing what on the french magazine that caused controversy?", "id": "56bec7b63aeaaa14008c9424", "answers": [{"text": "blackface and tribal makeup", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which year did PETA spark controversy with Beyonce?", "id": "56bec7b63aeaaa14008c9425", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did PETA criticize Beyonce for in 2006?", "id": "56bfcd33a10cfb14005512f1", "answers": [{"text": "for wearing and using fur", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What French Magazine cover did the media criticize?", "id": "56bfcd33a10cfb14005512f2", "answers": [{"text": "L'Officiel", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How was she dressed on the cover of L'Officiel?", "id": "56bfcd33a10cfb14005512f4", "answers": [{"text": "in blackface and tribal makeup", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What French magazine did Beyonc\u00e9 appear in wearing blackface and tribal makeup?", "id": "56d4e8472ccc5a1400d8331f", "answers": [{"text": "L'Officiel", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What clothing line of Beyonc\u00e9 drew PETA criticism?", "id": "56d4e8472ccc5a1400d83320", "answers": [{"text": "House of Der\u00e9on.", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of magazine is L'Officiel?", "id": "56d4e8472ccc5a1400d83321", "answers": [{"text": "French fashion magazine", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2006, the animal rights organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), criticized Beyonc\u00e9 for wearing and using fur in her clothing line House of Der\u00e9on. In 2011, she appeared on the cover of French fashion magazine L'Officiel, in blackface and tribal makeup that drew criticism from the media. A statement released from a spokesperson for the magazine said that Beyonc\u00e9's look was \"far from the glamorous Sasha Fierce\" and that it was \"a return to her African roots\"."}], ["Beyonc\u00e9 telah digambarkan sebagai mempunyai rayuan seks yang meluas, dengan penerbit muzik Tour\u00e9 menulis bahawa sejak pembebasan Berbahaya Cinta, dia telah \"menjadi simbol seks crossover\". Di luar pentas Beyonc\u00e9 mengatakan bahawa walaupun dia suka berpakaian seks, pakaian di atas panggungnya \"benar-benar untuk pentas.\" Disebabkan keluk-keluknya dan kesadaran istilahnya, pada tahun 2000-an, media sering menggunakan istilah \"Bootylicious\" (portmanteau perkataan rampasan dan lazat) untuk menggambarkan Beyonc\u00e9, istilah yang dipopulerkan oleh single Destiny's Child dengan nama yang sama. Pada tahun 2006, ia telah ditambah kepada Oxford English Dictionary. <> Rayuan seks Beyonce dicirikan sebagai apa? || yang luas <> Wartawan muzik mana yang menggambarkan Beyonce sebagai \"simbol seks crossover?\" || Tour\u00e9 <> Kata apa yang dihasilkan dari istilah yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan Beyonce pada tahun 2006? || Bootylicious <> Bootylicious adalah lagu yang bertindak yang dilakukan Beyonce dengan? || Anak Destiny's <> Oxford Dictionary menambah perkataan yang dari 2000-an khusus kepada Beyonce? || Bootylicious <> Kata apa yang sering digunakan untuk menggambarkan Beyonce / || Bootylicious <> Bilakah istilah ditambah pada kamus? || 2006 <> Wartawan apa yang menulis bahawa Beyonce adalah \"simbol seks\"? || Tour\u00e9 <> Oleh kerana bentuk fizikal Beyonc\u00e9, istilah slang apa yang digunakan untuk menggambarkannya? || Bootylicious <> Pada tahun apakah istilah slang dari tajuk lagu Destiny's Child yang juga digunakan untuk menggambarkan Beyonc\u00e9 dimasukkan ke dalam kamus? || 2006 <> Bagaimana Beyonc\u00e9 mengatakan dia suka berpakaian di luar panggung? || sexily", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce's sex appeal is characterized as what?", "id": "56bec4de3aeaaa14008c93bb", "answers": [{"text": "wide-ranging", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which music journalist described Beyonce as a \"crossover sex symbol?\"", "id": "56bec4de3aeaaa14008c93bc", "answers": [{"text": "Tour\u00e9", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which word spawned from a term used to describe Beyonce in 2006?", "id": "56bec4de3aeaaa14008c93bd", "answers": [{"text": "Bootylicious", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bootylicious was a song from which act that Beyonce performed with?", "id": "56bec4de3aeaaa14008c93be", "answers": [{"text": "Destiny's Child", "answer_start": 497}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Oxford Dictionary added which word from the 2000s dedicated to Beyonce?", "id": "56bec4de3aeaaa14008c93bf", "answers": [{"text": "Bootylicious", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What word is often used to describe Beyonce/", "id": "56bfc563a10cfb14005512ca", "answers": [{"text": "Bootylicious", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the term added to the dictionary?", "id": "56bfc563a10cfb14005512cc", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 543}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What journalist wrote that Beyonc\u00e9 was a \"sex symbol\"?", "id": "56d4e5022ccc5a1400d832fa", "answers": [{"text": "Tour\u00e9", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Because of Beyonc\u00e9's physical shape, what slang term has been used to describe her?", "id": "56d4e5022ccc5a1400d832fb", "answers": [{"text": "Bootylicious", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the slang term from a title of a Destiny's Child song that is also used to describe Beyonc\u00e9 put in the dictionary?", "id": "56d4e5022ccc5a1400d832fc", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 543}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does Beyonc\u00e9 say she likes to dress off-stage?", "id": "56d4e5022ccc5a1400d832fd", "answers": [{"text": "sexily", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9 has been described as a having a wide-ranging sex appeal, with music journalist Tour\u00e9 writing that since the release of Dangerously in Love, she has \"become a crossover sex symbol\". Offstage Beyonc\u00e9 says that while she likes to dress sexily, her onstage dress \"is absolutely for the stage.\" Due to her curves and the term's catchiness, in the 2000s, the media often used the term \"Bootylicious\" (a portmanteau of the words booty and delicious) to describe Beyonc\u00e9, the term popularized by Destiny's Child's single of the same name. In 2006, it was added to the Oxford English Dictionary."}], ["Pada tahun 2006, Beyonc\u00e9 memperkenalkan band kesayangannya, Suga Mama (juga nama lagu dalam B'Day) yang merangkumi bassis, pemain gendang, pemain gitar, pemain tanduk, pemain keyboard dan perkusi. Penyanyi latar belakangnya, The Mamas, terdiri daripada Montina Cooper-Donnell, Crystal Collins dan Tiffany Moniqu\u00e9 Riddick. Mereka membuat penampilan sulung mereka di Anugerah BET 2006 dan muncul semula dalam video muzik untuk \"Tidak dapat ditukar ganti\" dan \"Green Light\". Band ini telah menyokong Beyonc\u00e9 dalam kebanyakan persembahan langsung, termasuk lawatan konsertnya 2007 The Beyonc\u00e9 Experience, 2009-2010 I Am ... Tour Dunia dan 2013-2014 Pesta Carter Show World Tour. <> Beyonce mempunyai band pelancongan wanita yang namanya apa? || Suga Mama <> Beyonce mempunyai penyanyi di latar belakang yang dikenali dengan nama sebagai? || The Mamas <> Ahli Mamas termasuk mana-mana 3 pemuzik? || Montina Cooper-Donnell, Crystal Collins dan Tiffany Moniqu\u00e9 Riddick <> Penampilan pertama Mamas adalah ketika? || 2006 <> Band apa yang Beyonce diperkenalkan pada tahun 2006? || Suga Mama <> Apa nama lagu yang dibuat oleh band Suga Mama dan lagu pada bahagian album B'Day? || Suga Mama <> Di manakah band Suga Mama membuat penampilan pertama mereka? || 2006 BET Awards <> Band apa yang menyokong Beyonce dalam lawatannya? || Suga Mama <> Apakah nama band pelancongan wanita Beyonc\u00e9? || Suga Mama <> Suga Mama juga lagu di mana album Beyonc\u00e9? || B'Day <> Apa penyanyi cadangan Beyonc\u00e9 dipanggil? || The Mamas <> Kapan The Mamas membuat debut mereka? || Anugerah BET 2006", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce had an all-female tour band whose name was what?", "id": "56bec29b3aeaaa14008c937f", "answers": [{"text": "Suga Mama", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce had singers in the background known by the name as?", "id": "56bec29b3aeaaa14008c9380", "answers": [{"text": "The Mamas", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Mamas members included which 3 musicians?", "id": "56bec29b3aeaaa14008c9381", "answers": [{"text": "Montina Cooper-Donnell, Crystal Collins and Tiffany Moniqu\u00e9 Riddick", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Mamas first appearance was when?", "id": "56bec29b3aeaaa14008c9382", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What band did Beyonce introduce in 2006?", "id": "56bfc0a7a10cfb14005512ab", "answers": [{"text": "Suga Mama", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song name does the band Suga Mama  and a song on the B'Day album share?", "id": "56bfc0a7a10cfb14005512ac", "answers": [{"text": "Suga Mama", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Suga Mama band make their first appearance?", "id": "56bfc0a7a10cfb14005512ad", "answers": [{"text": "2006 BET Awards", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What band supports Beyonce in her tours?", "id": "56bfc0a7a10cfb14005512af", "answers": [{"text": "Suga Mama", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Beyonc\u00e9's female tour band?", "id": "56d4e17f2ccc5a1400d832e2", "answers": [{"text": "Suga Mama", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Suga Mama is also a song on which Beyonc\u00e9 album?", "id": "56d4e17f2ccc5a1400d832e3", "answers": [{"text": "B'Day", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are Beyonc\u00e9's backup singers called?", "id": "56d4e17f2ccc5a1400d832e4", "answers": [{"text": "The Mamas", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did The Mamas make their debut?", "id": "56d4e17f2ccc5a1400d832e5", "answers": [{"text": "the 2006 BET Awards", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2006, Beyonc\u00e9 introduced her all-female tour band Suga Mama (also the name of a song in B'Day) which includes bassists, drummers, guitarists, horn players, keyboardists and percussionists. Her background singers, The Mamas, consist of Montina Cooper-Donnell, Crystal Collins and Tiffany Moniqu\u00e9 Riddick. They made their debut appearance at the 2006 BET Awards and re-appeared in the music videos for \"Irreplaceable\" and \"Green Light\". The band have supported Beyonc\u00e9 in most subsequent live performances, including her 2007 concert tour The Beyonc\u00e9 Experience, 2009\u20132010 I Am... World Tour and 2013\u20132014 The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour."}], ["Dikatakan sebagai \"seksi, menggoda dan provokatif\" apabila melakukan di atas panggung, Beyonc\u00e9 telah mengatakan bahawa dia pada asalnya mencipta ego alias \"Sasha Fierce\" untuk memastikan orang panggung itu terpisah dari siapa dia sebenarnya. Dia menyifatkan Sasha sebagai \"terlalu agresif, terlalu kuat, terlalu sassy [dan] terlalu seksi\", menyatakan, \"Saya tidak suka dia dalam kehidupan sebenar sama sekali.\" Sasha dikandung semasa membuat \"Crazy in Love\", dan Beyonc\u00e9 memperkenalkannya dengan pembebasan album 2008 beliau Am ... Sasha Fierce. Pada bulan Februari 2010, beliau mengumumkan dalam temu bual dengan majalah Allure bahawa dia cukup selesa dengan dirinya sendiri untuk tidak lagi memerlukan Sasha Fierce. Bagaimanapun, Beyonc\u00e9 mengumumkan pada Mei 2012 bahawa dia akan membawanya kembali untuk Revel Presents: Beyonce Live menunjukkan pada bulan itu. <> Beyonce sendiri mengisytiharkan alter ego dinamakan apa? || Sasha Fierce <> ego aliennya dilahirkan ketika menurut Beyonce? || membuat \"Crazy in Love\" <> Apa tahun Beyonce menjauhkan diri dengan Sasha Fierce? || 2010 <> Beyonce membawa kembali Sasha Fierce semasa acara itu? || Revel Presents: Beyonc\u00e9 Live <> Bagaimana dia menggambarkan Sasha? || terlalu agresif, terlalu kuat <> Kemudian apa yang dia katakan tentang Sasha? || dia akan membawanya kembali <> Apa nama alter ego Beyonc\u00e9? || Sasha Fierce. <> Bilakah Beyonc\u00e9 memperkenalkan Sasha Fierce? || 2008 <> Sasha Fierce dicipta semasa membuat lagu apa? || Crazy in Love <> Siapa yang memberitahu Beyonc\u00e9 pada Februari 2010 bahawa Sasha Fierce tidak lagi diperlukan? || Majalah Allure", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce self proclaimed alter ego is named what?", "id": "56bec3ea3aeaaa14008c939f", "answers": [{"text": "Sasha Fierce", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Her alter ego was born when according to Beyonce?", "id": "56bec3ea3aeaaa14008c93a0", "answers": [{"text": "making of \"Crazy in Love\"", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Beyonce do away with Sasha Fierce?", "id": "56bec3ea3aeaaa14008c93a2", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce brought back Sasha Fierce during which event?", "id": "56bec3ea3aeaaa14008c93a3", "answers": [{"text": "Revel Presents: Beyonc\u00e9 Live", "answer_start": 712}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does she describe Sasha?", "id": "56bfc420a10cfb14005512c0", "answers": [{"text": "too aggressive, too strong", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Later what did she say about Sasha?", "id": "56bfc420a10cfb14005512c2", "answers": [{"text": "she would bring her back", "answer_start": 679}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Beyonc\u00e9's alter ego?", "id": "56d4e2e12ccc5a1400d832f0", "answers": [{"text": "Sasha Fierce.", "answer_start": 475}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonc\u00e9 introduce Sasha Fierce?", "id": "56d4e2e12ccc5a1400d832f1", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 456}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Sasha Fierce was created during the making of what song?", "id": "56d4e2e12ccc5a1400d832f2", "answers": [{"text": "Crazy in Love", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonc\u00e9 tell in February 2010 that Sasha Fierce was no longer needed?", "id": "56d4e2e12ccc5a1400d832f3", "answers": [{"text": "Allure magazine", "answer_start": 542}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Described as being \"sexy, seductive and provocative\" when performing on stage, Beyonc\u00e9 has said that she originally created the alter ego \"Sasha Fierce\" to keep that stage persona separate from who she really is. She described Sasha as being \"too aggressive, too strong, too sassy [and] too sexy\", stating, \"I'm not like her in real life at all.\" Sasha was conceived during the making of \"Crazy in Love\", and Beyonc\u00e9 introduced her with the release of her 2008 album I Am... Sasha Fierce. In February 2010, she announced in an interview with Allure magazine that she was comfortable enough with herself to no longer need Sasha Fierce. However, Beyonc\u00e9 announced in May 2012 that she would bring her back for her Revel Presents: Beyonc\u00e9 Live shows later that month."}], ["Warna kulit Beyonc\u00e9 yang lebih ringan dan kostum telah mendapat kritikan daripada beberapa orang di kalangan masyarakat Afrika-Amerika. Emmett Price, seorang profesor muzik di Northeastern University, menulis pada tahun 2007, bahawa dia berpendapat perlumbaan memainkan peranan dalam banyak kritikan ini, mengatakan selebriti putih yang berpakaian sama tidak menarik banyak komen. Pada tahun 2008, L'Or\u00e9al dituduh memerah kulitnya dalam iklan warna rambut Feria mereka, menegaskan bahawa \"ia tidak benar\", dan pada tahun 2013, Beyonc\u00e9 sendiri mengkritik H & M kerana mencadangkan \"mencuri\" imej promosinya, dan menurut kepada Vogue meminta hanya \"gambar semulajadi yang digunakan\". <> Komuniti kaum mana yang memberikan kritikan kepada Beyonce? || Afrika-Amerika <> Yang profesor dari Northeastern University menulis tentang bagaimana bangsa berkorelasi dengan kritikan ini Beyonce? || Emmett Price <> Syarikat mana yang dituduh mewarnai rambut Beyonce? || L'Or\u00e9al <> Apa permintaan Vogue? || gambar semulajadi digunakan <> Bagaimana L'Oreal bertindak balas terhadap tuduhan menukar gambar? || ia tidak benar benar <> Selain warna kulitnya yang terang, apa lagi yang menjadi sebahagian daripada komuniti Afrika Amerika yang mengkritik Beyonc\u00e9? || Costuming <> Pada tahun 2007, profesor muzik yang mengatakan dia percaya kritikan ini melibatkan kaum juga? || Emmett Price <> Siapa yang dituduh mencerahkan kulit Beyonc\u00e9 untuk iklan? || L'Or\u00e9al <> Iklan apa yang dikatakan oleh kulit Beyonc\u00e9? || Iklan warna rambut Feria <> Siapa yang memberitahu Beyonc\u00e9 pada tahun 2013 untuk menggunakan gambar semulajadi daripada gambarnya? || H & M", {"qas": [{"question": "Which racial community gave criticism to Beyonce?", "id": "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c943f", "answers": [{"text": "African-American", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which professor from Northeastern University wrote about how race correlates with these criticisms of Beyonce?", "id": "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9440", "answers": [{"text": "Emmett Price", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which company was accused of coloring Beyonce's hair?", "id": "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9441", "answers": [{"text": "L'Or\u00e9al", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Vogue request?", "id": "56bfcf98a10cfb14005512fd", "answers": [{"text": "natural pictures be used", "answer_start": 615}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did L'Oreal respond to accusations of changing pictures?", "id": "56bfcf98a10cfb14005512fe", "answers": [{"text": "it is categorically untrue", "answer_start": 436}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to her light skin color, what else has made part of the African American community criticize Beyonc\u00e9?", "id": "56d4e8512ccc5a1400d83326", "answers": [{"text": "costuming", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2007, which music professor said he believes this criticism does involve race as well?", "id": "56d4e8512ccc5a1400d83327", "answers": [{"text": "Emmett Price", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was accused of lightening Beyonc\u00e9's skin for an advertisement?", "id": "56d4e8512ccc5a1400d83328", "answers": [{"text": "L'Or\u00e9al", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What advertisement was Beyonc\u00e9's skin supposedly lightened in?", "id": "56d4e8512ccc5a1400d83329", "answers": [{"text": "Feria hair color advertisements", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonc\u00e9 tell in 2013 to only use natural pictures of her rather than retouched images?", "id": "56d4e8512ccc5a1400d8332a", "answers": [{"text": "H&M", "answer_start": 505}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9's lighter skin color and costuming has drawn criticism from some in the African-American community. Emmett Price, a professor of music at Northeastern University, wrote in 2007, that he thinks race plays a role in many of these criticisms, saying white celebrities who dress similarly do not attract as many comments. In 2008, L'Or\u00e9al was accused of whitening her skin in their Feria hair color advertisements, responding that \"it is categorically untrue\", and in 2013, Beyonc\u00e9 herself criticized H&M for their proposed \"retouching\" of promotional images of her, and according to Vogue requested that only \"natural pictures be used\"."}], ["Pada bulan September 2010, Beyonc\u00e9 membuat kemunculan model landasannya di pameran fesyen Tom Ford Spring / Summer 2011. Beliau dinamakan \"Wanita Paling Cantik di Dunia\" oleh Orang dan \"Penyanyi Wanita Paling Hangat sepanjang Masa\" oleh Kompleks pada tahun 2012. Pada bulan Januari 2013, GQ meletakkannya di sampulnya, memaparkan dia \"100 Wanita Paling Seksi Abad 21\" senarai. VH1 menyenaraikannya di nombor 1 dalam senarai 100 Senat Seksyennya. Beberapa tokoh lilin Beyonc\u00e9 ditemui di Muzium Lilin Madame Tussauds di bandar-bandar utama di seluruh dunia, termasuk New York, Washington, D.C., Amsterdam, Bangkok, Hollywood dan Sydney. <> pada bulan September 2010, apa bidang kerjaya yang Beyonce mula meneroka? || pemodelan <> acara pemodelan pertama Beyonce di mana? || Pertunjukan fesyen musim panas / musim panas Tom Ford <> \"Wanita Paling Cantik Dunia\" diisytiharkan kepada Beyonce di mana majalah kebangsaan? || Orang-orang <> Bulan dan tahun yang mana Adakah GQ menampilkan Beyonce pada penutupnya? || Januari 2013 <> Apakah rangkaian TV yang disenaraikan Beyonce sebagai nombor 1 dalam senarai 100 Seniman Seksyennya? || VH1 <> Siapa yang memanggil Beyonce Wanita Paling Cantik di Dunia? || Orang-orang <> yang memanggilnya Penyanyi Perempuan Paling Hangat sepanjang Masa? || Kompleks <> Bilakah dia muncul di sampul GQ? || 2013 <> VH1 menyenaraikannya di nombor berapa dalam senarai 100 seniman Seksyen mereka? || nombor 1 <> Tahun berapa Beyonce model pertama Tom Ford? || 2010 <> Apa majalah berkata Beyonce adalah \"Wanita Paling Cantik Dunia\"? || Orang <> Gelaran apa yang dilakukan oleh Beyonce? || Penyanyi Perempuan Paling Hangat sepanjang Masa <> Muzium apa yang telah membuat beberapa model Beyonce dalam lilin? || Muzium Lilin Madame Tussauds", {"qas": [{"question": "in September 2010, what career area did Beyonce start exploring?", "id": "56bec5d53aeaaa14008c93d9", "answers": [{"text": "modelling", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce's first modelling event was at where?", "id": "56bec5d53aeaaa14008c93da", "answers": [{"text": "Tom Ford's Spring/Summer 2011 fashion show", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "\"World's Most Beautiful woman\" was declared to Beyonce by which national magazine?", "id": "56bec5d53aeaaa14008c93db", "answers": [{"text": "People", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which month and year did GQ feature Beyonce on its cover?", "id": "56bec5d53aeaaa14008c93dc", "answers": [{"text": "January 2013", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What TV network listed Beyonce as number 1 on its 100 Sexiest Artists list?", "id": "56bec5d53aeaaa14008c93dd", "answers": [{"text": "VH1", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who called Beyonce the World's most Beautiful Woman?", "id": "56bfc6a6a10cfb14005512d3", "answers": [{"text": "People", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who called her Hottest Female Singer of all Time?", "id": "56bfc6a6a10cfb14005512d4", "answers": [{"text": "Complex", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did she appear on the cover of GQ?", "id": "56bfc6a6a10cfb14005512d5", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "VH1 listed her at what number on their 100 Sexiest Artists list?", "id": "56bfc6a6a10cfb14005512d6", "answers": [{"text": "number 1", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Beyonc\u00e9 first model for Tom Ford?", "id": "56d4e5922ccc5a1400d83302", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What magazine said Beyonc\u00e9 was the \"World's Most Beautiful Woman\"?", "id": "56d4e5922ccc5a1400d83303", "answers": [{"text": "People", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What title did Complex award Beyonc\u00e9?", "id": "56d4e5922ccc5a1400d83304", "answers": [{"text": "Hottest Female Singer of All Time", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What museum has made several models of Beyonc\u00e9 in wax?", "id": "56d4e5922ccc5a1400d83306", "answers": [{"text": "Madame Tussauds Wax Museums", "answer_start": 443}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In September 2010, Beyonc\u00e9 made her runway modelling debut at Tom Ford's Spring/Summer 2011 fashion show. She was named \"World's Most Beautiful Woman\" by People and the \"Hottest Female Singer of All Time\" by Complex in 2012. In January 2013, GQ placed her on its cover, featuring her atop its \"100 Sexiest Women of the 21st Century\" list. VH1 listed her at number 1 on its 100 Sexiest Artists list. Several wax figures of Beyonc\u00e9 are found at Madame Tussauds Wax Museums in major cities around the world, including New York, Washington, D.C., Amsterdam, Bangkok, Hollywood and Sydney."}], ["Beyonce telah menyatakan bahawa dia secara peribadi diilhamkan oleh Lady First Lady Michelle Obama, mengatakan \"Dia membuktikan anda boleh melakukan semuanya\" dan dia telah menggambarkan Oprah Winfrey sebagai \"definisi inspirasi dan wanita yang kuat\". Dia juga membincangkan bagaimana Jay Z adalah inspirasi yang berterusan kepadanya, baik dengan apa yang dia gambarkan sebagai genius liriknya dan dalam halangan yang telah dia lalui dalam hidupnya. Beyonc\u00e9 telah mengagumi artis Jean-Michel Basquiat, menulis dalam surat \"apa yang saya dapati dalam karya Jean-Michel Basquiat, saya mencari setiap hari dalam muzik ... dia lirik dan mentah\". Pada bulan Februari 2013, Beyonc\u00e9 berkata bahawa Madonna memberi inspirasi kepadanya untuk mengawal kerjaya sendiri. Dia berkata: \"Saya fikir tentang Madonna dan bagaimana dia mengambil semua perkara hebat yang dia capai dan memulakan label dan mengembangkan artis lain, tetapi tidak cukup wanita itu.\" <> Beyonce telah mencatat siapa wanita pertama dengan berkata \"Dia membuktikan anda boleh melakukan semuanya\"? || Michelle Obama <> Bulan dan tahun manakah Beyonce kredit Madonna untuk memberi inspirasi kepadanya untuk mengawal kerjayanya? || Februari 2013 <> Beyonce telah mengatakan bahawa yang merangkumi \"definisi inspirasi dan wanita yang kuat\"? || Oprah Winfrey <> Siapa yang secara peribadi mempengaruhi Beyonce? || Michelle Obama <> Hoe dia menggambarkan Oprah Winfrey? || seorang wanita yang kuat <> Bagaimana dia menggambarkan Jean-Michel Basquiat? || lirik dan mentah <> Bagaimana Madonna mempengaruhi dia? || untuk mengawal kerjaya sendiri <> Bagaimana dia menggambarkan Jay Z? || terus inspirasi <> Siapa yang mengilhamkan Beyonce kerana \"dia melakukan semuanya?\" || First Lady Michelle Obama <> Siapa yang Beyonc\u00e9 menggambarkan sebagai definisi inspirasi? || Oprah Winfrey <> Siapa yang Beyonc\u00e9 menggambarkan sebagai lirik dan mentah? || Jean-Michel Basquiat <> Siapa yang memberi inspirasi kepada Beyonc\u00e9 untuk mengawal kerjayanya? || Madonna", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce has noted which first lady with saying \"She proves you can do it all\"?", "id": "56bec1c53aeaaa14008c936b", "answers": [{"text": "Michelle Obama", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which month and year did Beyonce credit Madonna for inspiring her to take control of her career?", "id": "56bec1c53aeaaa14008c936c", "answers": [{"text": "February 2013", "answer_start": 588}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce has said that who embodies the \"definition of inspiration and a strong woman\"?", "id": "56bec1c53aeaaa14008c936d", "answers": [{"text": "Oprah Winfrey", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who personally influences Beyonce?", "id": "56bfbf2fa10cfb14005512a1", "answers": [{"text": "Michelle Obama", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Hoe does she describe Oprah Winfrey?", "id": "56bfbf2fa10cfb14005512a2", "answers": [{"text": "a strong woman", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does she describe Jean- Michel Basquiat?", "id": "56bfbf2fa10cfb14005512a3", "answers": [{"text": "lyrical and raw", "answer_start": 567}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does Madonna influence her?", "id": "56bfbf2fa10cfb14005512a4", "answers": [{"text": "to take control of her own career", "answer_start": 642}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does she describe Jay Z?", "id": "56bfbf2fa10cfb14005512a5", "answers": [{"text": "continuing inspiration", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who inspires Beyonc\u00e9 because \"she does it all?\"", "id": "56d4e0e92ccc5a1400d832da", "answers": [{"text": "First Lady Michelle Obama", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does Beyonc\u00e9 describe as the definition of inspiration?", "id": "56d4e0e92ccc5a1400d832db", "answers": [{"text": "Oprah Winfrey", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does Beyonc\u00e9 describe as lyrical and raw?", "id": "56d4e0e92ccc5a1400d832dc", "answers": [{"text": "Jean-Michel Basquiat", "answer_start": 431}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who inspired Beyonc\u00e9 to take control of her career?", "id": "56d4e0e92ccc5a1400d832dd", "answers": [{"text": "Madonna", "answer_start": 621}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9 has stated that she is personally inspired by US First Lady Michelle Obama, saying \"She proves you can do it all\" and she has described Oprah Winfrey as \"the definition of inspiration and a strong woman\". She has also discussed how Jay Z is a continuing inspiration to her, both with what she describes as his lyrical genius and in the obstacles he has overcome in his life. Beyonc\u00e9 has expressed admiration for the artist Jean-Michel Basquiat, posting in a letter \"what I find in the work of Jean-Michel Basquiat, I search for in every day in music... he is lyrical and raw\". In February 2013, Beyonc\u00e9 said that Madonna inspired her to take control of her own career. She commented: \"I think about Madonna and how she took all of the great things she achieved and started the label and developed other artists. But there are not enough of those women.\"."}], ["Pembebasan permainan video Starpower: Beyonc\u00e9 dibatalkan setelah Beyonc\u00e9 mengeluarkan $ 100 juta dengan GateFive yang mendakwa pembatalan itu bermakna pemecatan 70 kakitangan dan berjuta-juta pound yang hilang dalam pembangunan. Ia diselesaikan di mahkamah oleh peguamnya pada bulan Jun 2013 yang mengatakan bahawa mereka telah dibatalkan kerana GateFive telah kehilangan penyokong kewangannya. Beyonc\u00e9 juga pernah berurusan dengan American Express, Nintendo DS dan L'Or\u00e9al sejak berumur 18 tahun. <> Berapa muda adalah Beyonce ketika dia memperoleh tawaran dari American Express dan L'Oreal? || 18 <> Apa nama permainan video yang dibatalkan untuk Beyonce? || Starpower: Beyonc\u00e9 <> Bilakah Beyonce memulakan tawarannya dengan jenama nama? || sejak berumur 18 tahun <Berapa banyak orang yang kehilangan pekerjaan ketika Beyonce meninggalkan kesepakatan permainan video? || 70 kakitangan <> Bagaimana saman itu diselesaikan? || keluar dari mahkamah <> Apa nama permainan video? || Starpower: Beyonc\u00e9 <> Apa permainan video buat Beyonce kembali? || Starpower: Beyonce <> Syarikat apa yang menghasilkan permainan video? || GateFive <> Berapa ramai orang kehilangan pekerjaan atas Beyonce yang membuat perjanjian? || 70 <> Bilakah ketidaksepakatan itu diselesaikan di luar mahkamah? || Jun 2013", {"qas": [{"question": "How young was Beyonce when she acquired deals from American Express and L'Oreal?", "id": "56bed17a3aeaaa14008c94bd", "answers": [{"text": "18", "answer_start": 450}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the video game that was cancelled for Beyonce?", "id": "56bed17a3aeaaa14008c94be", "answers": [{"text": "Starpower: Beyonc\u00e9", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonce begin her deals with name brands?", "id": "56bfdd3fa10cfb140055134b", "answers": [{"text": "since the age of 18", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people lost jobs when Beyonce left the video game deal?", "id": "56bfdd3fa10cfb140055134d", "answers": [{"text": "70 staff", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How was the suit settled?", "id": "56bfdd3fa10cfb140055134e", "answers": [{"text": "out of court", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the video game?", "id": "56bfdd3fa10cfb140055134f", "answers": [{"text": "Starpower: Beyonc\u00e9", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What video game did Beyonc\u00e9 back out of?", "id": "56d4efd92ccc5a1400d83376", "answers": [{"text": "Starpower: Beyonc\u00e9", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company was producing the video game?", "id": "56d4efd92ccc5a1400d83377", "answers": [{"text": "GateFive", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people lost their jobs over Beyonc\u00e9 backing out of the deal?", "id": "56d4efd92ccc5a1400d83378", "answers": [{"text": "70", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the disagreement settled out of court?", "id": "56d4efd92ccc5a1400d83379", "answers": [{"text": "June 2013", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The release of a video-game Starpower: Beyonc\u00e9 was cancelled after Beyonc\u00e9 pulled out of a $100 million with GateFive who alleged the cancellation meant the sacking of 70 staff and millions of pounds lost in development. It was settled out of court by her lawyers in June 2013 who said that they had cancelled because GateFive had lost its financial backers. Beyonc\u00e9 also has had deals with American Express, Nintendo DS and L'Or\u00e9al since the age of 18."}], ["Pada bulan Oktober 2014, diumumkan bahawa Beyonce dengan syarikat pengurusan Parkwood Entertainment akan bekerjasama dengan Topshop peruncit fesyen yang berpangkalan di London, dalam perniagaan anak syarikat split 50/50 baru bernama Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd. Bahagian baru dicipta untuk Topshop untuk memecahkan ke dalam pasaran aktivitinya, dengan jenama memakai jalanan sukan, yang dihasilkan. \"Mewujudkan perkongsian dengan Beyonc\u00e9, salah seorang yang paling berkerja keras dan berbakat di dunia, yang menghabiskan banyak jam menari hidupnya, latihan dan latihan adalah peluang yang unik untuk membangunkan kategori ini\" kata Sir Philip Green mengenai perkongsian itu. Syarikat dan koleksi itu ditetapkan untuk melancarkan dan memukul kedai pada musim gugur tahun 2015. <> Siapa pengurusan Bayonce masuk ke dalam perniagaan pada tahun 2014? || Peruncit fesyen Topshop <> Selepas perjanjian mereka bersama-sama, Beyonce dan Topshop \"perniagaan baru dipanggil apa? || Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd <> Apa jenis pakaian yang Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd menghasilkan? untuk berada di kedai-kedai apabila? || jatuh tahun 2015 <> Siapa yang rakan Beyonce bersama di London? || Topshop <> Bilakah pelancaran baris baru? || 2015 <> Apa nama syarikat pengurusan Beyonc\u00e9? || Parkwood Hiburan <> Siapakah rakan Beyonce dan Parkwood Entertainment pada bulan Oktober 2014? || Topshop <> Di mana Topshop terletak? || London <> Apa pembahagian Topshop baru kerana perkongsian? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Bayonce's management go into business with in 2014?", "id": "56bed22d3aeaaa14008c94c1", "answers": [{"text": "fashion retailer Topshop", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After their agreement together, Beyonce's and Topshop\" new business was called what?", "id": "56bed22d3aeaaa14008c94c2", "answers": [{"text": "Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of clothing does Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd produce?", "id": "56bed22d3aeaaa14008c94c3", "answers": [{"text": "activewear", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The company and products were set to be in stores when?", "id": "56bed22d3aeaaa14008c94c4", "answers": [{"text": "fall of 2015", "answer_start": 698}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonce partner with in London?", "id": "56bfdecca10cfb1400551355", "answers": [{"text": "Topshop", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When will the new line launch?", "id": "56bfdecca10cfb1400551359", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 706}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Beyonc\u00e9's management company?", "id": "56d4f5d32ccc5a1400d83380", "answers": [{"text": "Parkwood Entertainment", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonc\u00e9 and Parkwood Entertainment partner with in October 2014?", "id": "56d4f5d32ccc5a1400d83381", "answers": [{"text": "Topshop", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Topshop located?", "id": "56d4f5d32ccc5a1400d83382", "answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the new division of Topshop because of the partnership?", "id": "56d4f5d32ccc5a1400d83383", "answers": [{"text": "activewear", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In October 2014, it was announced that Beyonc\u00e9 with her management company Parkwood Entertainment would be partnering with London-based fashion retailer Topshop, in a new 50/50 split subsidiary business named Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd. The new division was created for Topshop to break into the activewear market, with an athletic, street wear brand being produced. \"Creating a partnership with Beyonc\u00e9, one of the most hard-working and talented people in the world, who spends many hours of her life dancing, rehearsing and training is a unique opportunity to develop this category\" stated Sir Philip Green on the partnership. The company and collection is set to launch and hit stores in the fall of 2015."}], ["Pada 30 Mac 2015, diumumkan bahawa Beyonc\u00e9 adalah pemilik bersama, dengan pelbagai artis muzik lain, dalam perkhidmatan streaming muzik Tidal. Perkhidmatan ini mengkhususkan diri dalam video muzik audio dan definisi tinggi yang tidak dapat dikawal. Suami Beyonc\u00e9 Jay Z mengakuisisi syarikat induk Tidal, Aspiro, pada suku pertama tahun 2015. Termasuk Beyonce dan Jay-Z, enam pemangku kepentingan artis (seperti Kanye West, Rihanna, Madonna, Chris Martin, Nicki Minaj dan banyak lagi) sendiri Tidal, dengan majoriti memiliki saham ekuiti 3%. Idea untuk mempunyai semua perkhidmatan streaming artis yang dicipta oleh mereka yang terlibat untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan peningkatan permintaan untuk aliran dalam industri muzik semasa, dan untuk menyaingi perkhidmatan streaming lain seperti Spotify, yang telah dikritik kerana bayaran royalti yang rendah. \"Cabarannya adalah untuk menghargai semua orang untuk menghargai muzik,\" kata Jay-Z mengenai pembebasan Tidal. <> Bilakah ia mendapati Beyonce adalah pemilik bersama perkhidmatan muzik, Tidal? || 30 Mac, 2015 <> Syarikat induk Tidal menjadi di bawah pemilikan yang pada tahun 2015? || Jay Z <> Bilakah ia mengumumkan bahawa Beyonce adalah pemilik bersama di Tidal? || 30 Mac 2015 <> Perkhidmatan apa jenis Tidal? || perkhidmatan penstriman muzik <> Apakah kritikan terhadap perkhidmatan penstriman lain? || pembayaran balik royalti <<Apa sistem streaming muzik adalah pemilik bahagian Beyonc\u00e9? || Tidal. <> Apakah syarikat induk perkhidmatan muzik Beyonce memiliki sebahagian daripada? || Aspiro <> Yang mengambil alih syarikat induk perkhidmatan muzik Beyonce memiliki sebahagian daripada? || Jay Z <> Perkhidmatan muzik apa yang dituduh menyediakan jumlah royalti yang rendah? || Spotify", {"qas": [{"question": "When was it discovered Beyonce was a co-owner of the music service, Tidal?", "id": "56bed2993aeaaa14008c94c9", "answers": [{"text": "March 30, 2015", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The parent company of Tidal became under the ownership of whom in 2015?", "id": "56bed2993aeaaa14008c94cb", "answers": [{"text": "Jay Z", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was it announced that Beyonce was  a co-owner in Tidal?", "id": "56bfe0a9a10cfb140055135f", "answers": [{"text": "March 30, 2015", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of service is Tidal?", "id": "56bfe0a9a10cfb1400551361", "answers": [{"text": "music streaming service", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a criticism of other streaming services?", "id": "56bfe0a9a10cfb1400551363", "answers": [{"text": "low payout of royalties", "answer_start": 763}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What music streaming system is Beyonc\u00e9 part owner of?", "id": "56d4f63e2ccc5a1400d8338a", "answers": [{"text": "Tidal.", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the parent company of the music service Beyonc\u00e9 owns part of?", "id": "56d4f63e2ccc5a1400d8338c", "answers": [{"text": "Aspiro", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who acquired the parent company of the music service Beyonc\u00e9 owns part of?", "id": "56d4f63e2ccc5a1400d8338d", "answers": [{"text": "Jay Z", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What music service is accused of providing low royalty amounts?", "id": "56d4f63e2ccc5a1400d8338e", "answers": [{"text": "Spotify", "answer_start": 717}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On March 30, 2015, it was announced that Beyonc\u00e9 is a co-owner, with various other music artists, in the music streaming service Tidal. The service specialises in lossless audio and high definition music videos. Beyonc\u00e9's husband Jay Z acquired the parent company of Tidal, Aspiro, in the first quarter of 2015. Including Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay-Z, sixteen artist stakeholders (such as Kanye West, Rihanna, Madonna, Chris Martin, Nicki Minaj and more) co-own Tidal, with the majority owning a 3% equity stake. The idea of having an all artist owned streaming service was created by those involved to adapt to the increased demand for streaming within the current music industry, and to rival other streaming services such as Spotify, which have been criticised for their low payout of royalties. \"The challenge is to get everyone to respect music again, to recognize its value\", stated Jay-Z on the release of Tidal."}], ["Beyonc\u00e9 telah bekerja dengan Pepsi sejak tahun 2002, dan pada tahun 2004 muncul dalam iklan bertema Gladiator dengan Britney Spears, Pink, dan Enrique Iglesias. Pada tahun 2012, Beyonc\u00e9 menandatangani perjanjian $ 50 juta untuk mengesahkan Pepsi. Pusat Sains dalam Kepentingan Umum (CSPINET) menulis Beyonc\u00e9 surat terbuka meminta beliau untuk mempertimbangkan semula kesepakatan tersebut kerana ketidakpatuhan produk tersebut dan untuk mendermakan hasil kepada organisasi perubatan. Walau bagaimanapun, NetBase mendapati bahawa kempen Beyonc\u00e9 adalah yang paling banyak dibincangkan mengenai pengesahan pada bulan April 2013, dengan 70 peratus respon penonton positif terhadap iklan komersial dan cetak. <> Syarikat soda mana yang telah bermitra dengan Beyonce sejak tahun 2002? || Pepsi <> Pepsi membayar Beyonce berapa tahun 2012 untuk pengesahannya? || 50 juta <> Organisasi mana yang menulis surat kepada Beyonce setelah perjanjian persetujuan Pepsi? || Pusat Sains Kepentingan Awam (CSPINET) <> Berapa peratuskah orang positif mengenai pengesahan Pepsi Pepsi Beyonce? || 70 <> Bilakah Beyonce mula melakukan advokasi Pepsi? || 2002 <> Siapa yang berniaga dengan Beyonce pada tahun 2004? || Britney Spears, Pink, dan Enrique Iglesias <> Apa yang dia bersetuju lakukan untuk 50 juta dolar pada tahun 2012? || mengesahkan Pepsi <> Siapa yang menghantar surat kepadanya meminta dia mempertimbangkan semula perjanjian Pepsi? || Pusat Sains dalam Kepentingan Umum <> Apa syarikat minuman ringan yang pernah bekerja dengan Beyonce sejak tahun 2002? || Pepsi <> Berapa banyakkah Beyonce mendapatkan kesepakatan dengan syarikat minuman ringan pada tahun 2012? || $ 50 juta <> Siapa yang memintanya untuk mengubah fikirannya mengenai kesepakatan minuman ringan disebabkan sifat produk? || Pusat Sains dalam Kepentingan Umum (CSPINET) <> Organisasi apa yang menemui bahawa iklan Beyonce lakukan untuk syarikat minuman ringan itu adalah 70% positif? || NetBase", {"qas": [{"question": "Which soda company has Beyonce partnered with since 2002?", "id": "56bed07e3aeaaa14008c94a9", "answers": [{"text": "Pepsi", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Pepsi paid Beyonce how much in 2012 for her endorsement?", "id": "56bed07e3aeaaa14008c94aa", "answers": [{"text": "50 million", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which organization wrote a letter to Beyonce after her Pepsi endorsement deal?", "id": "56bed07e3aeaaa14008c94ab", "answers": [{"text": "The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET)", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of people were positive about Beyonce's endorsement of Pepsi?", "id": "56bed07e3aeaaa14008c94ad", "answers": [{"text": "70", "answer_start": 535}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonce begin doing Pepsi advetisments?", "id": "56bfda91a10cfb1400551337", "answers": [{"text": "2002", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was in the commercial with Beyonce in 2004?", "id": "56bfda91a10cfb1400551338", "answers": [{"text": "Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did she agree to do for 50 million dollars in 2012?", "id": "56bfda91a10cfb1400551339", "answers": [{"text": "endorse Pepsi", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who sent her a letter asking that she reconsider the Pepsi deal?", "id": "56bfda91a10cfb140055133a", "answers": [{"text": "Center for Science in the Public Interest", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What soft drink company has Beyonc\u00e9 worked with since 2002?", "id": "56d4ec422ccc5a1400d83362", "answers": [{"text": "Pepsi", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did Beyonc\u00e9 get for a deal with a soft drink company in 2012?", "id": "56d4ec422ccc5a1400d83363", "answers": [{"text": "$50 million", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who asked her to change her mind about the soft drink deal due to the nature of the product?", "id": "56d4ec422ccc5a1400d83364", "answers": [{"text": "The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET)", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization discovered that the advertisements Beyonc\u00e9 did for the soft drink company were 70% positive?", "id": "56d4ec422ccc5a1400d83365", "answers": [{"text": "NetBase", "answer_start": 437}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9 has worked with Pepsi since 2002, and in 2004 appeared in a Gladiator-themed commercial with Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias. In 2012, Beyonc\u00e9 signed a $50 million deal to endorse Pepsi. The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET) wrote Beyonc\u00e9 an open letter asking her to reconsider the deal because of the unhealthiness of the product and to donate the proceeds to a medical organisation. Nevertheless, NetBase found that Beyonc\u00e9's campaign was the most talked about endorsement in April 2013, with a 70 per cent positive audience response to the commercial and print ads."}], ["Beyonc\u00e9 telah bekerjasama dengan Tommy Hilfiger untuk wangian True Star (menyanyi versi penutup \"Wishing on a Star\") dan True Star Gold; Dia juga mempromosikan aroma Diamond's Emporio Armani pada tahun 2007. Beyonc\u00e9 melancarkan aroma rasmi pertamanya, Heat pada tahun 2010. Komersial, yang memaparkan lagu \"Demam\" pada tahun 1956, ditunjukkan selepas air itu tersebar di United Kingdom kerana ia bermula dengan imej Beyonce muncul berbaring telanjang di dalam bilik. Pada bulan Februari 2011, Beyonc\u00e9 melancarkan aroma kedua, Heat Rush. Haruman ketiga Beyonc\u00e9, Pulse, dilancarkan pada September 2011. Pada tahun 2013, Heat Carter Show Limited Edition versi Heat dikeluarkan. Enam edisi Heat adalah barisan harganya yang paling laris di dunia, dengan jualan melebihi $ 400 juta. <> Beyonce bekerja dengan siapa di atas minyak wangi, True Star dan True Star Gold? || Tommy Hilfiger <> Barisan minyak wangi jualan terbaik di dunia milik siapa? || Beyonce <> Haruman pertama Beyonce mempunyai nama apa? || Heat <> Edisi Terbesar Puan Carter telah dikeluarkan dalam tahun berapa? || 2013 <> Berapa banyak wang yang dibuat oleh Puan Carter Show Limited Edition wangi? || 400 juta <> Apa yang dipetik dari Beyonce 2010? || Heat <> Kapan pewangi kedua, Heat Rush, dibebaskan? || 2011 <> Apakah wangian ketiga Beyonce yang dinamakan? || Pulse <> Berapa banyak edisi Heat telah dilancarkan? || enam edisi <> Yang mana Emporio Armani wangi telah mempromosikan Beyonc\u00e9 pada tahun 2007? || Berlian <> Tahun berapa pula Beyonce memperkenalkan haruman pertama? || 2010. <> Apa haruman pertama Beyonc\u00e9 dipanggil? || Heat <> Berapa banyak edisi Heat yang ada? || enam", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce worked with who on her perfumes, True Star and True Star Gold?", "id": "56bed1243aeaaa14008c94b3", "answers": [{"text": "Tommy Hilfiger", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The world's best selling celebrity perfume line belongs to whom?", "id": "56bed1243aeaaa14008c94b4", "answers": [{"text": "Beyonc\u00e9", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce's first fragrance had what name?", "id": "56bed1243aeaaa14008c94b5", "answers": [{"text": "Heat", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Mrs. Carter Show Limited Edition was released in what year?", "id": "56bed1243aeaaa14008c94b6", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 577}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money did The Mrs. Carter Show Limited Edition fragrance make?", "id": "56bed1243aeaaa14008c94b7", "answers": [{"text": "400 million", "answer_start": 750}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Beyonce's 2010  perfume called?", "id": "56bfdbf2a10cfb1400551341", "answers": [{"text": "Heat", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was her second perfume, Heat Rush, released?", "id": "56bfdbf2a10cfb1400551342", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 452}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Beyonce's third perfume named?", "id": "56bfdbf2a10cfb1400551343", "answers": [{"text": "Pulse", "answer_start": 535}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many editions of Heat have been launched?", "id": "56bfdbf2a10cfb1400551344", "answers": [{"text": "six editions", "answer_start": 654}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Emporio Armani fragrance did Beyonc\u00e9 promote in 2007?", "id": "56d4ee342ccc5a1400d8336d", "answers": [{"text": "Diamonds", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Beyonc\u00e9 introduce her first fragrance?", "id": "56d4ee342ccc5a1400d8336e", "answers": [{"text": "2010.", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Beyonc\u00e9's first fragrance called?", "id": "56d4ee342ccc5a1400d8336f", "answers": [{"text": "Heat", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many editions of Heat exist?", "id": "56d4ee342ccc5a1400d83370", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 654}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9 has worked with Tommy Hilfiger for the fragrances True Star (singing a cover version of \"Wishing on a Star\") and True Star Gold; she also promoted Emporio Armani's Diamonds fragrance in 2007. Beyonc\u00e9 launched her first official fragrance, Heat in 2010. The commercial, which featured the 1956 song \"Fever\", was shown after the water shed in the United Kingdom as it begins with an image of Beyonc\u00e9 appearing to lie naked in a room. In February 2011, Beyonc\u00e9 launched her second fragrance, Heat Rush. Beyonc\u00e9's third fragrance, Pulse, was launched in September 2011. In 2013, The Mrs. Carter Show Limited Edition version of Heat was released. The six editions of Heat are the world's best-selling celebrity fragrance line, with sales of over $400 million."}], ["Kerja Beyonc\u00e9 telah mempengaruhi banyak artis termasuk Adele, Ariana Grande, Lady Gaga, Bridgit Mendler, Rihanna, Kelly Rowland, Sam Smith, Meghan Trainor, Nicole Scherzinger, Rita Ora, Zendaya, Cheryl Cole, JoJo, Alexis Jordan, Jessica Sanchez dan Azealia Bank. Band indie rock Amerika indie White Rabbit juga mengutipnya sebagai inspirasi untuk album ketiga mereka Milk Famous (2012), rakannya, Gwyneth Paltrow mempelajari Beyonc\u00e9 dalam konser hidupnya sambil belajar menjadi pemain muzik untuk filem Country Strong 2010. Nicki Minaj menyatakan bahawa melihat iklan Pepsi Beyonc\u00e9 mempengaruhi keputusannya untuk muncul dalam kempen global 2012 syarikat itu. <> Mana band rock yang disebut Beyonce di album ketiga mereka? || Arnab Putih <> Rakan mana yang belajar dari Beyonce sambil bersiap untuk filem, \"Country Strong?\" || Gwyneth Paltrow <> Nicky Minaj menjadi jurucakap yang mana jenama soda selepas melihat Beyonce terlibat dengannya? || Pepsi <> Apa yang mempengaruhi Nicki Minaj untuk menyertai kempen global Pepsi? || Beyonc\u00e9's Pepsi commercial <> Band mana yang disenaraikan Beyonce sebagai inspirasi pada album terbaru mereka? || Kelinci Putih <> Bagaimana dengan Beyonce telah mempengaruhi banyak penghibur? || kerja <> Untuk filem apa yang Paltrow belajar Beyonce? || Country Strong <> Yang band Indie berkata Beyonce adalah inspirasi untuk salah satu album hteir? || Kelinci Putih <> Apakah nama album White Rabbits? || Susu Terkenal <> Siapa yang belajar Beyonc\u00e9 semasa konsert langsung untuk penyelidikan untuk peranan muzik filem? || Gwyneth Paltrow <> Apakah nama filem yang Gwyneth Paltrow membintangi sebagai pemuzik? || Country Strong. <> Beyonc\u00e9's Pepsi diilhamkan komersial yang bintang untuk menyertai kempen Pepsi global pada tahun 2012? || Nicki Minaj", {"qas": [{"question": "Which rock band cited Beyonce on their third album?", "id": "56bec9f13aeaaa14008c9467", "answers": [{"text": "White Rabbits", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which friend learned from Beyonce while preparing for the film, \"Country Strong?\"", "id": "56bec9f13aeaaa14008c9468", "answers": [{"text": "Gwyneth Paltrow", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Nicky Minaj became a spokesperson for which brand of soda after seeing Beyonce involved with it?", "id": "56bec9f13aeaaa14008c9469", "answers": [{"text": "Pepsi", "answer_start": 562}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What influenced Nicki Minaj to join the Pepsi global campaign?", "id": "56bfd351a10cfb1400551310", "answers": [{"text": "Beyonc\u00e9's Pepsi commercial", "answer_start": 552}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which band listed Beyonce as an inspiration on their latest album?", "id": "56bfd351a10cfb1400551311", "answers": [{"text": "White Rabbits", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What about Beyonce has influenced many entertainers?", "id": "56bfd351a10cfb1400551312", "answers": [{"text": "work", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what film was Paltrow studying Beyonce ?", "id": "56bfd351a10cfb1400551313", "answers": [{"text": "Country Strong", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Indie band said Beyonc\u00e9 was an inspiration for one of hteir albums?", "id": "56d4e9d12ccc5a1400d8333a", "answers": [{"text": "White Rabbits", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the White Rabbits' album?", "id": "56d4e9d12ccc5a1400d8333b", "answers": [{"text": "Milk Famous", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who studied Beyonc\u00e9 during live concerts for research for a film's music role?", "id": "56d4e9d12ccc5a1400d8333c", "answers": [{"text": "Gwyneth Paltrow", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the film that Gwyneth Paltrow starred in as a musician?", "id": "56d4e9d12ccc5a1400d8333d", "answers": [{"text": "Country Strong.", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonc\u00e9's Pepsi commercial inspired which star to join Pepsi's global campaign in 2012?", "id": "56d4e9d12ccc5a1400d8333e", "answers": [{"text": "Nicki Minaj", "answer_start": 517}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9's work has influenced numerous artists including Adele, Ariana Grande, Lady Gaga, Bridgit Mendler, Rihanna, Kelly Rowland, Sam Smith, Meghan Trainor, Nicole Scherzinger, Rita Ora, Zendaya, Cheryl Cole, JoJo, Alexis Jordan, Jessica Sanchez, and Azealia Banks. American indie rock band White Rabbits also cited her an inspiration for their third album Milk Famous (2012), friend Gwyneth Paltrow studied Beyonc\u00e9 at her live concerts while learning to become a musical performer for the 2010 film Country Strong. Nicki Minaj has stated that seeing Beyonc\u00e9's Pepsi commercial influenced her decision to appear in the company's 2012 global campaign."}], ["Beyonce telah memenangi 20 Anugerah Grammy, kedua-duanya sebagai artis solo dan ahli Destiny's Child, menjadikannya artis wanita paling dihormati kedua oleh Grammys, di belakang Alison Krauss dan wanita yang paling dinamakan dalam sejarah Grammy Award dengan 52 pencalonan. \"Wanita Tunggal (Letakkan Cincin di atasnya)\" memenangi Song of the Year pada tahun 2010 manakala \"Say My Name\" dan \"Crazy in Love\" sebelum ini telah memenangi Lagu R & B Terbaik. Berbahaya pada Cinta, B'Day dan Saya ... Sasha Fierce telah memenangi Album R & B Terbaik Kontemporari. Beyonc\u00e9 menetapkan rekod untuk anugerah Grammy paling banyak yang dimenangi artis perempuan pada satu malam pada 2010 apabila dia memenangi enam anugerah, memecahkan tali lega yang dia buat sebelum ini dengan Alicia Keys, Norah Jones, Alison Krauss, dan Amy Winehouse, dengan Adele menyamai ini Berikutan peranannya dalam Dreamgirls, dia dicalonkan untuk Best Original Song untuk \"Dengar\" dan Pelakon Terbaik di Anugerah Golden Globe, dan Pelakon Cemerlang dalam Gambar Gerakan di NAACP Image Awards. Beyonc\u00e9 memenangi dua anugerah di Anugerah Persatuan Pengkritik Filem Penyiaran 2006; Lagu Terbaik untuk \"Dengar\" dan Soundtrack Asli Terbaik untuk Dreamgirls: Muzik dari Gambar Gerakan. <> Berapa banyak Grammys telah memenangi Beyonce total dengan dan tanpa Anak Destiny? || 20 <> Siapakah wanita lain yang mempunyai lebih banyak hadiah Grammy daripada Beyonce? || Alison Krauss <> Beyonce telah dianugerahkan berapa banyak pencalonan Grammy? || 52 <> Beyonce memegang rekod untuk berapa banyak kemenangan dalam satu malam oleh seorang wanita? || enam <> Berapa banyak anugerah di Anugerah Persatuan Pengkritik Filem Penyiaran pada tahun 2006 telah Beyonce membawa pulang? || dua <> Berapa banyak Grammies yang dimenangi oleh Beyonce? || 20 Anugerah Grammy <> Berapa banyak pencalonan Grammy yang ada Beyonce? || 52 pencalonan <> Bilakah dia menetapkan rekod untuk kebanyakan anugerah Grammy yang dimenangi dalam satu malam? || 2010 <> Siapa yang mengikat rekodnya untuk kebanyakan Grammies yang menang dalam satu malam pada tahun 2012? || Adele <> Berapa banyak Grammys telah memenangi Beyonc\u00e9? || 20 <> Berapa banyak pencalonan Grammy mempunyai Beyonce? || 52 <> Apa lagu Beyonce adalah lagu tahun 2010? || \"Wanita Tunggal (Letakkan Cincin di Ini)\" <> Filem apa yang telah dicalonkan Beyonc\u00e9 sebagai Pelakon Terbaik untuk Anugerah Golden Globe? || Gadis impian", {"qas": [{"question": "How many Grammys has Beyonce won total with and without Destiny's Child?", "id": "56becc903aeaaa14008c949f", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the only other woman with more Grammy awards than Beyonce?", "id": "56becc903aeaaa14008c94a0", "answers": [{"text": "Alison Krauss", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce has been awarded how many Grammy nominations?", "id": "56becc903aeaaa14008c94a1", "answers": [{"text": "52", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce holds the record for how many wins in one night by a female?", "id": "56becc903aeaaa14008c94a2", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 586}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many awards at the Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards in 2006 did Beyonce bring home?", "id": "56becc903aeaaa14008c94a3", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 949}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Grammies has Beyonce won?", "id": "56bfd8bda10cfb140055132d", "answers": [{"text": "20 Grammy Awards", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Grammy nominations does Beyonce have?", "id": "56bfd8bda10cfb140055132e", "answers": [{"text": "52 nominations", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did she set the record for most Grammy awards won in one night?", "id": "56bfd8bda10cfb140055132f", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who tied her record for most Grammies won in one night in 2012?", "id": "56bfd8bda10cfb1400551330", "answers": [{"text": "Adele", "answer_start": 705}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Grammys has Beyonc\u00e9 won?", "id": "56d4ebea2ccc5a1400d83358", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Grammy nominations has Beyonc\u00e9 had?", "id": "56d4ebea2ccc5a1400d8335a", "answers": [{"text": "52", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Beyonc\u00e9 song was song of the year on 2010?", "id": "56d4ebea2ccc5a1400d8335b", "answers": [{"text": "\"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\"", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What movie had Beyonc\u00e9 nominated as Best Actress for Golden Globe Awards?", "id": "56d4ebea2ccc5a1400d8335c", "answers": [{"text": "Dreamgirls", "answer_start": 756}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9 has won 20 Grammy Awards, both as a solo artist and member of Destiny's Child, making her the second most honored female artist by the Grammys, behind Alison Krauss and the most nominated woman in Grammy Award history with 52 nominations. \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\" won Song of the Year in 2010 while \"Say My Name\" and \"Crazy in Love\" had previously won Best R&B Song. Dangerously in Love, B'Day and I Am... Sasha Fierce have all won Best Contemporary R&B Album. Beyonc\u00e9 set the record for the most Grammy awards won by a female artist in one night in 2010 when she won six awards, breaking the tie she previously held with Alicia Keys, Norah Jones, Alison Krauss, and Amy Winehouse, with Adele equaling this in 2012. Following her role in Dreamgirls she was nominated for Best Original Song for \"Listen\" and Best Actress at the Golden Globe Awards, and Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture at the NAACP Image Awards. Beyonc\u00e9 won two awards at the Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2006; Best Song for \"Listen\" and Best Original Soundtrack for Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture."}], ["Single debutnya, \"Crazy in Love\" dinamakan \"Song Greatest of the 2000s\", NME's \"Best Track of the 00s\" dan \"Song of the Century\" yang dipertimbangkan oleh Rolling Stone untuk menjadi salah satu daripada 500 lagu paling hebat sepanjang masa, memperoleh dua Anugerah Grammy dan merupakan salah satu singel paling laris sepanjang masa sekitar 8 juta salinan. Video muzik untuk \"Wanita Tunggal (Letakkan Ring on It)\", yang mencapai kemasyhuran untuk koreografi yang rumit dan penyebaran tangan jazz, telah dikreditkan oleh Star Toronto sebagai memulakan \"kegilaan tarian utama pertama kedua-dua milenium baru dan Internet \", mencetuskan beberapa parodi tarian koreografi dan legit peniru amatur di YouTube. Pada tahun 2013, Drake mengeluarkan satu gelaran \"Girls Love Beyonc\u00e9\", yang menampilkan interpolasi dari Destiny Child's \"Say My Name\" dan membincangkan hubungannya dengan wanita. Pada bulan Januari 2012, saintis penyelidikan Bryan Lessard menamakan Scaptia beyonceae, satu spesies lalat kuda yang ditemui di Queensland Utara, Australia selepas Beyonc\u00e9 disebabkan oleh bulu emas yang unik di perutnya. Pada bulan Julai 2014, pameran Beyonc\u00e9 diperkenalkan ke dalam bahagian \"Legends of Rock\" Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Pakaian leher hitam dari video \"Single Ladies\" dan pakaiannya dari persembahan Super Bowl separuh masa adalah antara beberapa keping yang ditempatkan di muzium. <> VH1 mengisytiharkan lagu apa yang \"Lagu paling hebat tahun 2000?\" || Crazy in Love <> Berapa banyak anugerah Grammy yang berjaya \"Crazy in Love\" menang? || dua <> Berapa banyak Crazy in Love menjual untuk menjadi salah satu perseorangan jualan terbesar dalam sejarah? || 8 juta <> Apa jenis organisma bernama selepas Beyonce pada tahun 2012? || terbang <> Tempat untuk Beyonce di Rock and Roll Hall of Fame telah dianugerahkan bila? || Julai 2014 <> Yang mana lagu-lagu Beyonce dipanggil Lagu Terbesar tahun 2000-an? || Crazy in Love <> Berapa banyak anugerah Grammy yang berjaya Crazy in Love? || memperoleh dua Anugerah Grammy <> Berapa banyak salinan yang dilakukan oleh Crazy in Love? || sekitar 8 juta salinan <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan Girls Love Beyonce? || Drake <> Penerbitan mana yang menganggap Crazy in Love menjadi salah satu daripada 500 lagu teratas sepanjang masa? || Rolling Stone <> Siapa yang menyanyikan \"Girls Love Beyonc\u00e9\" pada tahun 2013? || Drake <> Apa nama Bryan Lessard selepas Beyonc\u00e9? || satu spesies lalat kuda", {"qas": [{"question": "VH1 declared what song the \"Greatest song of the 2000s?\"", "id": "56beca973aeaaa14008c9477", "answers": [{"text": "Crazy in Love", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Grammy awards did \"Crazy in Love\" win?", "id": "56beca973aeaaa14008c9478", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many did Crazy in Love sell to become one of the greatest selling singles in history?", "id": "56beca973aeaaa14008c9479", "answers": [{"text": "8 million", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of organism was named after Beyonce in 2012?", "id": "56beca973aeaaa14008c947a", "answers": [{"text": "fly", "answer_start": 959}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A place for Beyonce in the Rock and Roll Hall of fame was awarded when?", "id": "56beca973aeaaa14008c947b", "answers": [{"text": "July 2014", "answer_start": 1073}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of Beyonce's songs was called Greatest Song of the 2000s?", "id": "56bfd565a10cfb1400551319", "answers": [{"text": "Crazy in Love", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Grammy awards did Crazy in Love get?", "id": "56bfd565a10cfb140055131a", "answers": [{"text": "earned two Grammy Awards", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many copies did Crazy in Love sell?", "id": "56bfd565a10cfb140055131b", "answers": [{"text": "around 8 million copies", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who released the single Girls Love Beyonce?", "id": "56bfd565a10cfb140055131c", "answers": [{"text": "Drake", "answer_start": 702}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which publication considers Crazy in Love to be one of the top 500 songs of all time?", "id": "56d4eaca2ccc5a1400d83345", "answers": [{"text": "Rolling Stone", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who sang \"Girls Love Beyonc\u00e9\" in 2013?", "id": "56d4eaca2ccc5a1400d83347", "answers": [{"text": "Drake", "answer_start": 702}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Bryan Lessard name after Beyonc\u00e9?", "id": "56d4eaca2ccc5a1400d83348", "answers": [{"text": "a species of horse fly", "answer_start": 940}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Her debut single, \"Crazy in Love\" was named VH1's \"Greatest Song of the 2000s\", NME's \"Best Track of the 00s\" and \"Pop Song of the Century\", considered by Rolling Stone to be one of the 500 greatest songs of all time, earned two Grammy Awards and is one of the best-selling singles of all time at around 8 million copies. The music video for \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\", which achieved fame for its intricate choreography and its deployment of jazz hands, was credited by the Toronto Star as having started the \"first major dance craze of both the new millennium and the Internet\", triggering a number of parodies of the dance choreography and a legion of amateur imitators on YouTube. In 2013, Drake released a single titled \"Girls Love Beyonc\u00e9\", which featured an interpolation from Destiny Child's \"Say My Name\" and discussed his relationship with women. In January 2012, research scientist Bryan Lessard named Scaptia beyonceae, a species of horse fly found in Northern Queensland, Australia after Beyonc\u00e9 due to the fly's unique golden hairs on its abdomen. In July 2014, a Beyonc\u00e9 exhibit was introduced into the \"Legends of Rock\" section of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The black leotard from the \"Single Ladies\" video and her outfit from the Super Bowl half time performance are among several pieces housed at the museum."}], ["Dalam pengkritik musik New York, Jody Rosen menyifatkan Beyonc\u00e9 sebagai \"pemuzik popular yang paling penting dan menarik abad kedua puluh satu ..... hasilnya, titik akhir yang logik, dari satu abad ke puncak pop.\" Apabila The Guardian menamakan Artis Dekade itu, Llewyn-Smith menulis, \"Mengapa Beyonc\u00e9? [...] Kerana dia tidak membuat satu tetapi dua perseorangan terbesar dalam dekade, dengan Crazy in Love dan Single Ladies (Letakkan Ring on It ), tidak kira lagi hitsnya dengan Destiny's Child, dan ini adalah dekad ketika perseorangan - khususnya perseorangan R & B - memulihkan status mereka sebagai medium kegemaran pop [...] [She] dan tidak ada bintang rock hebat yang dapat dikatakan hidup terbesar pelakon sejak 10 tahun yang lalu. \" Pada tahun 2013, Beyonc\u00e9 membuat senarai Time 100, Baz Luhrmann menulis \"tiada siapa yang mempunyai suara itu, tidak ada yang bergerak cara dia bergerak, tidak ada yang dapat memegang khalayak cara dia ... Apabila Beyonce melakukan album, ketika Beyonc\u00e9 bernyanyi lagu, ketika Beyonce melakukan apa-apa, itu adalah peristiwa, dan ia luas berpengaruh. Sekarang, dia adalah diva yang terkenal di Amerika Serikat - suara nasional yang memerintah. \" Pada tahun 2014, Beyonce disenaraikan semula pada Masa 100 dan juga dipaparkan di sampul isu tersebut. <> Artis Dekade diberikan kepada Beyonce dari majalah mana? || The Guardian <> Apa tahun pertama Beyonce muncul pada senarai Time 100? || 2013 <> Beyonce daripada muncul semula pada senarai Masa 100 dalam tahun berapa? || 2014 <> Apa nama Guardian dia? || Artis Dekade <> Kapan Beyonce mula-mula membuat Senarai Masa 100? || 2013 <> Bilakah dia lagi pada Senarai Masa 100 dan pada penutup? || 2014 <> Siapa yang mengatakan bahawa dia adalah suara nasional yang memerintah? || Baz Luhrmann <> Siapa menyatakan bahawa Beyonce adalah musisi paling penting abad ke-21? || Jody Rosen <> Penerbitan mana yang bernama Beyonc\u00e9 Artis Dekade itu? || The Guardian <> Senarai apa yang dibuat oleh Beyonce pada tahun 2013? || Senarai 100 masa <> Siapa kata Beyonc\u00e9 adalah diva waris Amerika? || Baz Luhrmann <> Tahun berapa Beyonc\u00e9 menampilkan kedua-duanya pada senarai Masa 100 serta penutup isu itu? || 2014", {"qas": [{"question": "Artist of the Decade was bestowed upon Beyonce from which magazine?", "id": "56bec94f3aeaaa14008c944f", "answers": [{"text": "The Guardian", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whats the first year that Beyonce appear on the Time 100 list?", "id": "56bec94f3aeaaa14008c9450", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 700}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce than appeared again on the Time 100 list in what year?", "id": "56bec94f3aeaaa14008c9451", "answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 1078}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Guardian name her?", "id": "56bfd14ba10cfb1400551306", "answers": [{"text": "Artist of the Decade", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonce first make the Time 100 List?", "id": "56bfd14ba10cfb1400551307", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 700}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was she again on the Time 100 List and on the cover?", "id": "56bfd14ba10cfb1400551308", "answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 1078}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said that she is the reigning national voice?", "id": "56bfd14ba10cfb1400551309", "answers": [{"text": "Baz Luhrmann", "answer_start": 738}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who stated that Beyonc\u00e9 is the most important musician of the 21st century?", "id": "56d4e91b2ccc5a1400d83330", "answers": [{"text": "Jody Rosen", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which publication named Beyonc\u00e9 the Artist of the Decade?", "id": "56d4e91b2ccc5a1400d83331", "answers": [{"text": "The Guardian", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What list did Beyonc\u00e9 make in 2013?", "id": "56d4e91b2ccc5a1400d83332", "answers": [{"text": "Time 100 list", "answer_start": 723}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said Beyonc\u00e9 is the heir-apparent diva of the United States?", "id": "56d4e91b2ccc5a1400d83333", "answers": [{"text": "Baz Luhrmann", "answer_start": 738}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Beyonc\u00e9 featured both on the Time 100 list as well as the cover of the issue?", "id": "56d4e91b2ccc5a1400d83334", "answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 1078}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In The New Yorker music critic Jody Rosen described Beyonc\u00e9 as \"the most important and compelling popular musician of the twenty-first century..... the result, the logical end point, of a century-plus of pop.\" When The Guardian named her Artist of the Decade, Llewyn-Smith wrote, \"Why Beyonc\u00e9? [...] Because she made not one but two of the decade's greatest singles, with Crazy in Love and Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It), not to mention her hits with Destiny's Child; and this was the decade when singles \u2013 particularly R&B singles \u2013 regained their status as pop's favourite medium. [...] [She] and not any superannuated rock star was arguably the greatest live performer of the past 10 years.\" In 2013, Beyonc\u00e9 made the Time 100 list, Baz Luhrmann writing \"no one has that voice, no one moves the way she moves, no one can hold an audience the way she does... When Beyonc\u00e9 does an album, when Beyonc\u00e9 sings a song, when Beyonc\u00e9 does anything, it's an event, and it's broadly influential. Right now, she is the heir-apparent diva of the USA \u2014 the reigning national voice.\" In 2014, Beyonc\u00e9 was listed again on the Time 100 and also featured on the cover of the issue."}], ["Beyonc\u00e9 telah menerima pelbagai anugerah. Sebagai artis solo, dia telah menjual lebih daripada 15 juta album di Amerika Syarikat, dan lebih dari 118 juta rekod di seluruh dunia (60 juta lagi dengan Destiny's Child), menjadikannya salah satu artis muzik terlaris sepanjang zaman. Persatuan Industri Rakaman Amerika (RIAA) menyenaraikan Beyonc\u00e9 sebagai artis bersertifikat tertinggi pada tahun 2000an, dengan sejumlah 64 pensijilan. Lagu-lagu beliau \"Crazy in Love\", \"Single Ladies (Put Ring on It)\", \"Halo\", dan \"Tidak dapat digantikan\" adalah beberapa perseorangan paling laris sepanjang zaman di seluruh dunia. Pada tahun 2009, The Observer menamakannya Artist of the Decade dan Billboard menamakannya sebagai Artist Wanita Teratas dan Artis Teratas Lagu Terbaik di Dekad. Pada tahun 2010, Billboard menamakannya dalam senarai \"Top 50 R & B / Hip-Hop Artists of 25 Years Past\" di nombor 15. Pada tahun 2012 VH1 menduduki tempat ketiga dalam senarai \"100 Wanita Terbesar dalam Muzik\". Beyonc\u00e9 adalah artis wanita pertama yang dihormati dengan Anugerah Artis Antarabangsa di Anugerah Muzik Amerika. Beliau juga telah menerima Anugerah Legenda pada Anugerah Muzik Dunia 2008 dan Anugerah Millennium Billboard pada Anugerah Muzik Billboard 2011. <> Berapa banyak salinan albumnya sebagai Beyonce yang dijual di AS? || 15 juta <> Totaling di seluruh dunia, berapa banyak rekod yang dijual oleh Beyonce? || 118 juta <> Berapa banyak pensijilan Beyonce yang dianugerahkan oleh RIAA? || 64 <> Ketika Beyonce bersama Anak Destiny, berapa album yang dia dapat menjual? || 60 juta <> Siapa wanita pertama yang mencapai Anugerah Artis Antarabangsa di Anugerah Muzik Amerika? || Beyonc\u00e9 <> Berapa banyak album Beyonce sebagai artis solo yang dijual di U.S? || 15 juta <> Berapa ramai yang telah dijual di seluruh dunia? || 118 juta <> Berapa banyak rekod yang dia telah menjual dengan Destiny's Child? || 60 juta <> Bilakah dia menerima Anugerah Legenda? || 2008 Anugerah Muzik Dunia <> Berapa banyak pensijilan muzik yang dia terima pada tahun 2000an? || 64 pensijilan <> Berapa banyak rekod yang telah dijual Beyonc\u00e9 di Amerika Syarikat? || lebih 15 juta <> Berapa banyak rekod yang telah dijual Beyonce di seluruh dunia? || Lebih 118 juta <> Yang mengutip Beyonc\u00e9 sebagai artis yang disahkan pada tahun 2000? || Persatuan Industri Rakaman Amerika <> Berapa banyak pensijilan yang RIAA memberi Beyonce? || 64 <> Bilakah Beyonc\u00e9 menerima Anugerah Legenda? || Anugerah Muzik Dunia 2008", {"qas": [{"question": "How many copies of her albums as Beyonce sold in the US?", "id": "56becb8d3aeaaa14008c9495", "answers": [{"text": "15 million", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Totaling worldwide, how many records as Beyonce sold?", "id": "56becb8d3aeaaa14008c9496", "answers": [{"text": "118 million", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many certifications was Beyonce awarded by the RIAA?", "id": "56becb8d3aeaaa14008c9497", "answers": [{"text": "64", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When Beyonce was with Destiny's Child, how many albums did she manage to sell?", "id": "56becb8d3aeaaa14008c9498", "answers": [{"text": "60 million", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first female to achieve the International Artist Award at the American Music Awards?", "id": "56becb8d3aeaaa14008c9499", "answers": [{"text": "Beyonc\u00e9", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many albums has Beyonce as a solo artist sold in the U.S?", "id": "56bfd6f7a10cfb1400551323", "answers": [{"text": "15 million", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many has she sold worldwide?", "id": "56bfd6f7a10cfb1400551324", "answers": [{"text": "118 million", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many records has she sold with Destiny's Child?", "id": "56bfd6f7a10cfb1400551325", "answers": [{"text": "60 million", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did she receive the Legend Award?", "id": "56bfd6f7a10cfb1400551326", "answers": [{"text": "2008 World Music Awards", "answer_start": 1052}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many music certifications has she received in the 2000s?", "id": "56bfd6f7a10cfb1400551327", "answers": [{"text": "64 certifications", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many records has Beyonc\u00e9 sold in the United States?", "id": "56d4eb762ccc5a1400d8334e", "answers": [{"text": "over 15 million", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many records has Beyonc\u00e9 sold throughout the world?", "id": "56d4eb762ccc5a1400d8334f", "answers": [{"text": "over 118 million", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who cited Beyonc\u00e9 as being the top certified artist of the 2000s?", "id": "56d4eb762ccc5a1400d83350", "answers": [{"text": "The Recording Industry Association of America", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many certifications did RIAA give Beyonc\u00e9?", "id": "56d4eb762ccc5a1400d83351", "answers": [{"text": "64", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonc\u00e9 receive the Legend Award?", "id": "56d4eb762ccc5a1400d83352", "answers": [{"text": "the 2008 World Music Awards", "answer_start": 1048}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9 has received numerous awards. As a solo artist she has sold over 15 million albums in the US, and over 118 million records worldwide (a further 60 million additionally with Destiny's Child), making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) listed Beyonc\u00e9 as the top certified artist of the 2000s, with a total of 64 certifications. Her songs \"Crazy in Love\", \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\", \"Halo\", and \"Irreplaceable\" are some of the best-selling singles of all time worldwide. In 2009, The Observer named her the Artist of the Decade and Billboard named her the Top Female Artist and Top Radio Songs Artist of the Decade. In 2010, Billboard named her in their \"Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years\" list at number 15. In 2012 VH1 ranked her third on their list of the \"100 Greatest Women in Music\". Beyonc\u00e9 was the first female artist to be honored with the International Artist Award at the American Music Awards. She has also received the Legend Award at the 2008 World Music Awards and the Billboard Millennium Award at the 2011 Billboard Music Awards."}], ["Pada Oktober 2014, Beyonc\u00e9 menandatangani perjanjian untuk melancarkan garis pakaian pakaian dengan Topshop peruncit fesyen Britain. Usaha 50-50 itu dipanggil Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd dan dijadualkan melancarkan rangkaian tari, kecergasan dan sukan pertamanya pada musim gugur 2015. Barisan ini akan dilancarkan pada April 2016. <> Beyonce, pada Oktober 2014, bekerjasama dengan siapa untuk menghasilkan garis luaran pakaian? || Topshop <> Beyonce dan produk pertama Topshops akan dijual di kedai-kedai ketika? || musim luruh 2015 <> Apa perniagaan baru dipanggil? || Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd <> Apakah peratusan pemilikan Beyonce dalam usaha baru? || 50 <> Bilakah baris penuh akan muncul? || April 2016 <> Apa syarikat yang melakukan kontrak Beyonce untuk menjual pakaian di England? || Topshop <> Apakah nama garis fesyen perkongsian yang sama antara Beyonc\u00e9 dengan syarikat British untuk keluar pada tahun 2016? || Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd <> Apa jenis pakaian perkongsian British dengan Beyonce menjual? || aktivitinya", {"qas": [{"question": "Beyonce, during October 2014, partnered with whom to produce an outdoor line of clothing?", "id": "56bed3e63aeaaa14008c94e0", "answers": [{"text": "Topshop", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce and Topshops first products were to be sold in stores when?", "id": "56bed3e63aeaaa14008c94e1", "answers": [{"text": "autumn 2015", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the new business called?", "id": "56bfe66ea10cfb140055137e", "answers": [{"text": "Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Beyonce's percentage of ownership in the new venture?", "id": "56bfe66ea10cfb1400551380", "answers": [{"text": "50", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When will the full line appear?", "id": "56bfe66ea10cfb1400551381", "answers": [{"text": "April 2016", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company did Beyonc\u00e9 contract with to sell clothing in England?", "id": "56d4f71e2ccc5a1400d833a8", "answers": [{"text": "Topshop", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the equal partnership's fashion line between Beyonc\u00e9 and the British company to come out in 2016?", "id": "56d4f71e2ccc5a1400d833a9", "answers": [{"text": "Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of clothing does the British partnership with Beyonc\u00e9 sell?", "id": "56d4f71e2ccc5a1400d833aa", "answers": [{"text": "activewear", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In October 2014, Beyonc\u00e9 signed a deal to launch an activewear line of clothing with British fashion retailer Topshop. The 50-50 venture is called Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd and is scheduled to launch its first dance, fitness and sports ranges in autumn 2015. The line will launch in April 2016."}], ["Selepas Badai Katrina pada tahun 2005, Beyonc\u00e9 dan Rowland mengasaskan Yayasan Survivor untuk menyediakan perumahan peralihan bagi mangsa di daerah Houston, di mana Beyonc\u00e9 menyumbangkan $ 250,000 awal. Yayasan itu telah berkembang untuk bekerja dengan badan amal yang lain di bandar, dan juga memberikan bantuan selepas Badai Ike tiga tahun kemudian. <> Apakah bencana kebangsaan yang menyebabkan Beyonce mewujudkan Yayasan Survivor? || Badai Katrina <> Berapa banyak wang tunai yang dibuat oleh Beyonce dalam usaha, Yayasan Survivor pada permulaan? || 250,000 <> Apa ribut tahun kemudian selepas Katrina membuat organisasi memberi sokongan? || Ike <> Apa yang Beyonce dan Rowland dijumpai pada tahun 2005? || Yayasan Survivor <> Berapa Beyonce pada mulanya menyumbang kepada yayasan itu? || $ 250,000 <> Bagaimana asas ini berubah pada tahun-tahun kebelakangan? || berkembang untuk bekerja dengan badan amal lain <> Asas apa yang Beyonc\u00e9 bermula selepas Badai Katrina? || Yayasan Survivor <> Berapa banyak wang Beyonc\u00e9 menyumbang pada awal yayasan Badai Katrina? || $ 250,000. <> Apa taufan lain yang membantu Yayasan Beyonc\u00e9? || Badai Ike", {"qas": [{"question": "What national disaster caused Beyonce to create the Survivor Foundation?", "id": "56bed4553aeaaa14008c94e5", "answers": [{"text": "Hurricane Katrina", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much cash did Beyonce put into the venture, the Survivor Foundation at startup?", "id": "56bed4553aeaaa14008c94e7", "answers": [{"text": "250,000", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What hurricane years later after Katrina did the organization provide support for?", "id": "56bed4553aeaaa14008c94e8", "answers": [{"text": "Ike", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Beyonce and Rowland found in 2005?", "id": "56bfe7eaa10cfb1400551387", "answers": [{"text": "the Survivor Foundation", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did Beyonce initially contribute to the foundation?", "id": "56bfe7eaa10cfb1400551389", "answers": [{"text": "$250,000", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How has this foundation changed in recent years?", "id": "56bfe7eaa10cfb140055138a", "answers": [{"text": "expanded to work with other charities", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What foundation did Beyonc\u00e9 start after Hurricane Katrina?", "id": "56d4f7a22ccc5a1400d833ae", "answers": [{"text": "Survivor Foundation", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money did Beyonc\u00e9 contribute at the beginning of her Hurricane Katrina foundation?", "id": "56d4f7a22ccc5a1400d833b0", "answers": [{"text": "$250,000.", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other hurricane did Beyonc\u00e9's foundation help with?", "id": "56d4f7a22ccc5a1400d833b1", "answers": [{"text": "Hurricane Ike", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Beyonc\u00e9 and Rowland founded the Survivor Foundation to provide transitional housing for victims in the Houston area, to which Beyonc\u00e9 contributed an initial $250,000. The foundation has since expanded to work with other charities in the city, and also provided relief following Hurricane Ike three years later."}], ["Beyonc\u00e9 mengambil bahagian dalam George Clooney dan Wyclef Jean's Hope untuk Haiti Sekarang: Manfaat Global untuk Bantuan Gempa Telethon dan dinamakan wajah rasmi edisi terhad CFDA \"Fesyen Untuk Haiti\" T-shirt, yang dibuat oleh Theory yang mengumpul sejumlah $ 1 juta . Pada 5 Mac 2010, Beyonc\u00e9 dan ibunya Tina membuka Pusat Kosmetologi Beyonc\u00e9 di Brooklyn Phoenix House, yang menawarkan kursus latihan kosmetologi selama tujuh bulan untuk lelaki dan wanita. Pada bulan April 2011, Beyonc\u00e9 bergabung dengan US First Lady Michelle Obama dan Yayasan Pendidikan Penyelaras Persatuan Kebangsaan, untuk membantu merangsang kempen kedua terhadap obesiti kanak-kanak dengan mengolah semula single \"Get Me Bodied\". Berikutan kematian Osama bin Laden, Beyonc\u00e9 melepaskan sampulnya lagu Lee Greenwood \"God Bless the USA\", sebagai satu amal untuk membantu mendapatkan dana untuk New York Police and Fire Widows dan Dana Manfaat Kanak-kanak. <> Siapa yang Beyonce menyertai dalam Harapan untuk Haiti Sekarang: Manfaat Global? || George Clooney dan Wyclef Jean <> Beyonce membuka pusat kosmetologi di lokasi mana? || Brooklyn Phoenix House <> Selepas kematian Osama bin Laden, apa yang dilakukan oleh Beyonce? || Tuhan memberkati Amerika Syarikat <> Berapa baju T-shirt dengan imej Beyonce di atasnya? || $ 1 juta <> Apa perniagaan Beyonce dan ibunya bermula pada 5 Mac 2010? || Beyonc\u00e9 Cosmetology Centre di Brooklyn Phoenix House <> Apa amal yang mendapat manfaat daripada pembebasan lagu, God Bless the USA? || Polis New York dan Bulu Kebakaran dan Tabung Manfaat Kanak-kanak <> Apa yang dia mengambil bahagian dengan George Clooney? || Harapan untuk Haiti Sekarang: Manfaat Global <> Dua bintang yang mana Beyonce membantu dengan organisasi gempa bumi Haiti mereka? || George Clooney dan Wyclef Jean <> Apakah Beyonc\u00e9 dibuka di Brooklyn Phoenix House pada tahun 2010? || Beyonc\u00e9 Cosmetology Centre <> Apa lagu Lee Greenwood yang ditinggalkan Beyonc\u00e9 selepas Osama bin Laden terbunuh? || Tuhan memberkati Amerika Syarikat", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Beyonce participate with in the Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit?", "id": "56bed4c23aeaaa14008c94ed", "answers": [{"text": "George Clooney and Wyclef Jean", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce opened a cosmetology center in what location?", "id": "56bed4c23aeaaa14008c94ee", "answers": [{"text": "Brooklyn Phoenix House", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After Osama Bin Laden's death, what single did Beyonce cover?", "id": "56bed4c23aeaaa14008c94ef", "answers": [{"text": "God Bless the USA", "answer_start": 781}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did the T-shirt with Beyonce's image on it make? ", "id": "56bfeb09a10cfb1400551391", "answers": [{"text": "$1 million", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What enterprise did Beyonce and her mother start on March 5, 2010?", "id": "56bfeb09a10cfb1400551392", "answers": [{"text": "Beyonc\u00e9 Cosmetology Center at the Brooklyn Phoenix House", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What charity benefited from  the release of the song, God Bless the USA?", "id": "56bfeb09a10cfb1400551394", "answers": [{"text": "New York Police and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund", "answer_start": 849}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did she participate in with George Clooney?", "id": "56bfeb09a10cfb1400551395", "answers": [{"text": "Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two stars did Beyonc\u00e9 help with their Haiti Earthquake organization?", "id": "56d4f9112ccc5a1400d833b6", "answers": [{"text": "George Clooney and Wyclef Jean", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Beyonc\u00e9 open at the Brooklyn Phoenix House in 2010?", "id": "56d4f9112ccc5a1400d833b7", "answers": [{"text": "Beyonc\u00e9 Cosmetology Center", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Lee Greenwood song did Beyonc\u00e9 cover after Osama bin Laden was killed?", "id": "56d4f9112ccc5a1400d833ba", "answers": [{"text": "God Bless the USA", "answer_start": 781}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9 participated in George Clooney and Wyclef Jean's Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief telethon and was named the official face of the limited edition CFDA \"Fashion For Haiti\" T-shirt, made by Theory which raised a total of $1 million. On March 5, 2010, Beyonc\u00e9 and her mother Tina opened the Beyonc\u00e9 Cosmetology Center at the Brooklyn Phoenix House, offering a seven-month cosmetology training course for men and women. In April 2011, Beyonc\u00e9 joined forces with US First Lady Michelle Obama and the National Association of Broadcasters Education Foundation, to help boost the latter's campaign against child obesity by reworking her single \"Get Me Bodied\". Following the death of Osama bin Laden, Beyonc\u00e9 released her cover of the Lee Greenwood song \"God Bless the USA\", as a charity single to help raise funds for the New York Police and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund."}], ["Pada tahun 2005, Beyonc\u00e9 bekerjasama dengan House of Brands, sebuah syarikat kasut, untuk menghasilkan pelbagai kasut untuk House of Der\u00e9on. Pada bulan Januari 2008, Starwave Mobile melancarkan Beyonc\u00e9 Fashion Diva, sebuah permainan mudah alih \"bergaya tinggi\" dengan komponen rangkaian sosial, yang menampilkan koleksi House of Der\u00e9on. Pada bulan Julai 2009, Beyonc\u00e9 dan ibunya melancarkan label pakaian junior yang baru, Sasha Fierce untuk Der\u00e9on, untuk jualan balik sekolah. Koleksi itu termasuk pakaian sukan, pakaian luar, beg tangan, kasut, kacamata, pakaian dan barang kemas. Ia boleh didapati di kedai serbaneka termasuk Macy's dan Dillard's, dan kedai-kedai khusus Jimmy Jazz dan Against All Odds. Pada 27 Mei 2010, Beyonc\u00e9 bekerjasama dengan kedai pakaian C & A untuk melancarkan Der\u00e9on oleh Beyonc\u00e9 di kedai mereka di Brazil. Koleksi itu termasuk blazer yang disesuaikan dengan bahu empuk, gaun hitam kecil, puncak sulaman dan baju dan pakaian pembalut. <> Apa jenis syarikat aksesori yang menjadi rakan Beyonce pada tahun 2005? || kasut <> Pada tahun 2010, Beyonce mengeluarkan Dereon ke negara apa? || Brazil <> Membeli-belah ke sekolah telah diperkenalkan pada tahun berapa garisan pakaian Beyonce? || 2009 <> Apa ciri Diva Fesyen Beyonce? || Rumah dari koleksi Der\u00e9on <> Apa idea baru yang dilakukan oleh Beyonce dan ibunya pada tahun 2009? || Sasha Fierce for Der\u00e9on <> Bilakah Beyonce berkawan dengan C & A untuk menjual fesyen di Brazil? || 27 Mei 2010 <> Apa syarikat Beyonc\u00e9 berkumpul pada tahun 2005 untuk menambah kasut kepada fesyennya? || House of Brands <> Apa nama permainan yang dikeluarkan oleh Starwave Mobile pada tahun 2008 yang menampilkan fesyen Beyonce? || Beyonc\u00e9 Fesyen Diva <> Apakah nama fesyen junior yang dilancarkan pada tahun 2009 oleh Beyonc\u00e9 dan ibunya? || Sasha Fierce for Der\u00e9on <> Siapa yang membuat pasukan Beyonce bersama pada tahun 2010 untuk mendapatkan fesyennya ke Brazil? || C & A <> Sasha Fierce untuk fesyen Der\u00e9on dijual di kedai-kedai yang termasuk Macy dan kedai lain apa? || Dillard's", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of accessory company did Beyonce partner with in 2005?", "id": "56bed38e3aeaaa14008c94d9", "answers": [{"text": "shoe", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2010, Beyonce released Dereon to what country?", "id": "56bed38e3aeaaa14008c94da", "answers": [{"text": "Brazil", "answer_start": 741}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Back-to-school shopping was introduced in what year of Beyonce's clothing line?", "id": "56bed38e3aeaaa14008c94db", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Beyonce's Fashion Diva  feature?", "id": "56bfe4dfa10cfb1400551374", "answers": [{"text": "House of Der\u00e9on collection", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What new idea did Beyonce and her mother launch in 2009?", "id": "56bfe4dfa10cfb1400551375", "answers": [{"text": "Sasha Fierce for Der\u00e9on", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonce partner with C&A to sell fashion in Brazil?", "id": "56bfe4dfa10cfb1400551377", "answers": [{"text": "May 27, 2010", "answer_start": 638}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company did Beyonc\u00e9 get together with in 2005 to add shoes to her fashions?", "id": "56d4f6e02ccc5a1400d8339e", "answers": [{"text": "House of Brands", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the game put out by Starwave Mobile in 2008 that featured Beyonc\u00e9 fashions?", "id": "56d4f6e02ccc5a1400d8339f", "answers": [{"text": "Beyonc\u00e9 Fashion Diva", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the junior fashions launched in 2009 by Beyonc\u00e9 and her mother?", "id": "56d4f6e02ccc5a1400d833a0", "answers": [{"text": "Sasha Fierce for Der\u00e9on", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonc\u00e9 team up with in 2010 to get her fashions into Brazil?", "id": "56d4f6e02ccc5a1400d833a1", "answers": [{"text": "C&A", "answer_start": 690}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Sasha Fierce for Der\u00e9on fashions were sold at stores that included Macy's and what other store?", "id": "56d4f6e02ccc5a1400d833a2", "answers": [{"text": "Dillard's", "answer_start": 570}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2005, Beyonc\u00e9 teamed up with House of Brands, a shoe company, to produce a range of footwear for House of Der\u00e9on. In January 2008, Starwave Mobile launched Beyonc\u00e9 Fashion Diva, a \"high-style\" mobile game with a social networking component, featuring the House of Der\u00e9on collection. In July 2009, Beyonc\u00e9 and her mother launched a new junior apparel label, Sasha Fierce for Der\u00e9on, for back-to-school selling. The collection included sportswear, outerwear, handbags, footwear, eyewear, lingerie and jewelry. It was available at department stores including Macy's and Dillard's, and specialty stores Jimmy Jazz and Against All Odds. On May 27, 2010, Beyonc\u00e9 teamed up with clothing store C&A to launch Der\u00e9on by Beyonc\u00e9 at their stores in Brazil. The collection included tailored blazers with padded shoulders, little black dresses, embroidered tops and shirts and bandage dresses."}], ["Beyonc\u00e9 dan ibunya memperkenalkan House of Der\u00e9on, garis fesyen wanita kontemporari, pada tahun 2005. Konsep ini diilhamkan oleh tiga generasi wanita dalam keluarga mereka, nama yang memberi penghormatan kepada nenek Beyonc\u00e9, Agn\u00e8z Der\u00e9on, pelukis yang dihormati. Menurut Tina, gaya keseluruhan garis terbaik mencerminkan rasa dan gaya Beyonc\u00e9 dan dia. Beyonc\u00e9 dan ibunya mengasaskan syarikat keluarganya Beyond Productions, yang menyediakan pengurusan pelesenan dan jenama untuk House of Der\u00e9on, dan koleksi juniornya, Der\u00e9on. Potongan House of Der\u00e9on dipamerkan dalam persembahan dan lawatan Destiny's Child, semasa era Destiny Fulfilled mereka. Koleksi ini menawarkan pakaian sukan, persembahan denim dengan bulu, pakaian luar dan aksesori yang termasuk beg tangan dan kasut, dan boleh didapati di kedai-kedai jabatan dan khusus di Amerika Syarikat dan Kanada. <> House of Dereon menjadi terkenal melalui Beyonce dan mana dari saudara-saudara Beyonce? || nama ibunya <> nama nenek Beyonce itu? || Agn\u00e8z Der\u00e9on <> Nama syarikat keluarga Beyonce adalah apa? || Beyond Productions <> Apa jenis pakaian yang dijual oleh garis pakaian Beyonce? || pakaian sukan, persembahan denim dengan bulu, pakaian luar dan aksesori yang termasuk beg tangan dan kasut <> Yang dua negara bolehkah anda membeli garisan pakaian Beyonce? || AS dan Kanada <> Yang bermitra dengan Beyonce untuk memulakan garis pakaian, Dereon? || ibunya <> Bilakah Beyonce dan ibunya mula Dereon? || 2005 <> Siapa perniagaan yang dinamakan di dalam keluarga Beyonce? || nenek, Agn\u00e8z Der\u00e9on <> Di manakah barangan dari garisan pakaian yang dipaparkan? || dalam rancangan dan lawatan Destiny's Child <> Siapa yang berkongsi dalam pengenalan garis fesyen House of Der\u00e9on dengan Beyonc\u00e9? || ibunya <> Apa nama koleksi junior House of Der\u00e9on? || Der\u00e9on.", {"qas": [{"question": "House of Dereon became known through Beyonce and which of Beyonce's relatives?", "id": "56bed32f3aeaaa14008c94cf", "answers": [{"text": "her mother", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce's grandma's name was?", "id": "56bed32f3aeaaa14008c94d0", "answers": [{"text": "Agn\u00e8z Der\u00e9on", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce's family's company name is what?", "id": "56bed32f3aeaaa14008c94d1", "answers": [{"text": "Beyond Productions", "answer_start": 408}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What types of garments are sold by Beyonce's clothing line?", "id": "56bed32f3aeaaa14008c94d2", "answers": [{"text": "sportswear, denim offerings with fur, outerwear and accessories that include handbags and footwear", "answer_start": 670}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two countries can you purchase Beyonce's clothing line?", "id": "56bed32f3aeaaa14008c94d3", "answers": [{"text": "US and Canada", "answer_start": 834}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who partnered with Beyonce to start the clothing line, Dereon?", "id": "56bfe2a2a10cfb1400551369", "answers": [{"text": "her mother", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beyonce and her mother start Dereon?", "id": "56bfe2a2a10cfb140055136a", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the business named for in Beyonce's family?", "id": "56bfe2a2a10cfb140055136b", "answers": [{"text": "grandmother, Agn\u00e8z Der\u00e9on", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were items from the clothing line displayed?", "id": "56bfe2a2a10cfb140055136c", "answers": [{"text": "in Destiny's Child's shows and tours", "answer_start": 572}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who shares in the House of Der\u00e9on fashion line introduction with Beyonc\u00e9?", "id": "56d4f6922ccc5a1400d83394", "answers": [{"text": "her mother", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the House of Der\u00e9on junior collection?", "id": "56d4f6922ccc5a1400d83397", "answers": [{"text": "Der\u00e9on.", "answer_start": 526}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyonc\u00e9 and her mother introduced House of Der\u00e9on, a contemporary women's fashion line, in 2005. The concept is inspired by three generations of women in their family, the name paying tribute to Beyonc\u00e9's grandmother, Agn\u00e8z Der\u00e9on, a respected seamstress. According to Tina, the overall style of the line best reflects her and Beyonc\u00e9's taste and style. Beyonc\u00e9 and her mother founded their family's company Beyond Productions, which provides the licensing and brand management for House of Der\u00e9on, and its junior collection, Der\u00e9on. House of Der\u00e9on pieces were exhibited in Destiny's Child's shows and tours, during their Destiny Fulfilled era. The collection features sportswear, denim offerings with fur, outerwear and accessories that include handbags and footwear, and are available at department and specialty stores across the US and Canada."}], ["Pada bulan Disember, Beyonc\u00e9 bersama-sama dengan pelbagai selebriti lain bekerjasama dan menghasilkan kempen video untuk \"Rancangan Permintaan A\", usaha kedua-dua pihak oleh sekumpulan 950 walikota AS dan lain-lain yang direka untuk mempengaruhi kerajaan persekutuan untuk memikirkan semula undang-undang kawalan senjata mereka, berikutan penembakan Sandy Hook Elementary School. Beyonc\u00e9 menjadi duta bagi kempen Hari Kemanusiaan Dunia 2012 yang menyumbangkan lagu \"I Was Here\" dan video muziknya, ditembak di PBB, untuk kempen. Pada tahun 2013, ia diumumkan bahawa Beyonc\u00e9 akan bekerjasama dengan Salma Hayek dan Frida Giannini dalam kempen Gucci \"Chime for Change\" yang bertujuan untuk menyebarkan pemberdayaan wanita. Kempen itu, yang disiarkan pada 28 Februari, ditetapkan untuk muzik barunya. Konsert untuk penyebabnya berlaku pada 1 Jun 2013 di London dan termasuk tindakan lain seperti Ellie Goulding, Florence dan Mesin, dan Rita Ora. Sebelum konser, dia muncul dalam video kempen yang dikeluarkan pada 15 Mei 2013, di mana dia, bersama dengan Cameron Diaz, John Legend dan Kylie Minogue, menggambarkan inspirasi daripada ibu mereka, sementara beberapa artis lain meraikan inspirasi peribadi daripada wanita lain , yang membawa kepada seruan untuk mengemukakan foto-foto wanita inspirasi penonton dari mana pemilihan telah ditunjukkan di konsert. Beyonc\u00e9 berkata tentang ibunya Tina Knowles bahawa hadiahnya adalah \"mencari kualiti terbaik dalam setiap manusia.\" Dengan bantuan platform Catctult crowdfunding, pelawat konsert boleh memilih antara beberapa projek yang mempromosikan pendidikan wanita dan kanak-kanak perempuan. Beyonc\u00e9 turut mengambil bahagian dalam \"Miss a Meal\", kempen pemberian makanan, dan menyokong amal muhibah melalui lelongan amal dalam talian di Charitybuzz yang menyokong penciptaan pekerjaan di seluruh Eropah dan Amerika Syarikat. Acara kebangsaan yang mana menyebabkan Beyonce menghasilkan \"Permintaan Pelan ? \" || Sandy Hook Elementary School menembak <> Lagu apa yang Beyonce menyumbang kepada kempen? || Saya Di Sini <> Beyonce menyumbang kepada kempen pemberian makanan? || Miss a Meal <> Pada 1 Jun 2013 di mana konsert diadakan untuk \"Chime for Change\"? || London <> Beyonce bercakap tentang siapa ketika dia mengatakan hadiahnya \"mencari sifat terbaik dalam setiap manusia.\" || ibunya <> The Demand a Rencana kempen video mengikuti apa peristiwa tragis? || Menembak Sandy Hook Elementary School. <> Apakah tumpuan kempen Gucci Chime for Change? || menyebarkan pemberdayaan wanita <> Apa platform crowdfunding yang digunakan dalam konsert? || Catapult <> Apakah nama kempen yang Beyonc\u00e9 dan yang lain terlibat dalam transaksi dengan kawalan senjata? || Permintaan Pelan A <> Apa penembakan sekolah mendorong penciptaan Rancangan Permintaan? || Sandy Hook Elementary School <> Lagu apa Beyonce memberi sumbangan kepada kempen Hari Kemanusiaan Dunia 2012? || Saya Di Sini <> Siapa yang Beyonce bekerja pada tahun 2013 pada kempen Chime for Change? || Salma Hayek dan Frida Giannini", {"qas": [{"question": "Which national event caused Beyonce to produce \"Demand a Plan?\"", "id": "56bed5983aeaaa14008c94f3", "answers": [{"text": "Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Beyonce contribute to the campaign?", "id": "56bed5983aeaaa14008c94f4", "answers": [{"text": "I Was Here", "answer_start": 412}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce is contributing to which food-donation campaign?", "id": "56bed5983aeaaa14008c94f5", "answers": [{"text": "Miss a Meal", "answer_start": 1553}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On June 1 , 2013 where was the concert held for \"a Chime for Change\"?", "id": "56bed5983aeaaa14008c94f6", "answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 765}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyonce was speaking about whom when she said her gift was \"finding the best qualities in every human being.\"?", "id": "56bed5983aeaaa14008c94f7", "answers": [{"text": "her mother", "answer_start": 1277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Demand a Plan video campaign followed what tragic event?", "id": "56bfed855a85de14001c7864", "answers": [{"text": "Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting.", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the focus of the Gucci Chime for Change campaign?", "id": "56bfed855a85de14001c7866", "answers": [{"text": "spread female empowerment", "answer_start": 616}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What crowdfunding platform was used in the concert?", "id": "56bfed855a85de14001c7868", "answers": [{"text": "Catapult", "answer_start": 1409}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the campaign that Beyonc\u00e9 and others are involved in that deals with gun control?", "id": "56d4fa2e2ccc5a1400d833ca", "answers": [{"text": "Demand A Plan", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What school shooting prompted the creation of Demand A Plan?", "id": "56d4fa2e2ccc5a1400d833cb", "answers": [{"text": "Sandy Hook Elementary School", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Beyonc\u00e9 donate to the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign?", "id": "56d4fa2e2ccc5a1400d833cc", "answers": [{"text": "I Was Here", "answer_start": 412}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Beyonc\u00e9 work with in 2013 on the Chime for Change campaign?", "id": "56d4fa2e2ccc5a1400d833cd", "answers": [{"text": "Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini", "answer_start": 533}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In December, Beyonc\u00e9 along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for \"Demand A Plan\", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 US mayors and others designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. Beyonc\u00e9 became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign donating her song \"I Was Here\" and its music video, shot in the UN, to the campaign. In 2013, it was announced that Beyonc\u00e9 would work with Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini on a Gucci \"Chime for Change\" campaign that aims to spread female empowerment. The campaign, which aired on February 28, was set to her new music. A concert for the cause took place on June 1, 2013 in London and included other acts like Ellie Goulding, Florence and the Machine, and Rita Ora. In advance of the concert, she appeared in a campaign video released on 15 May 2013, where she, along with Cameron Diaz, John Legend and Kylie Minogue, described inspiration from their mothers, while a number of other artists celebrated personal inspiration from other women, leading to a call for submission of photos of women of viewers' inspiration from which a selection was shown at the concert. Beyonc\u00e9 said about her mother Tina Knowles that her gift was \"finding the best qualities in every human being.\" With help of the crowdfunding platform Catapult, visitors of the concert could choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls. Beyonc\u00e9 is also taking part in \"Miss a Meal\", a food-donation campaign, and supporting Goodwill charity through online charity auctions at Charitybuzz that support job creation throughout Europe and the U.S."}]], [["Dalam bahasa asalnya, di Perancis, di mana dia menyusun sebahagian besar karya-karya beliau, dan seterusnya, muzik Chopin, statusnya sebagai salah satu superstar terawal muzik, persatuannya (jika hanya tidak langsung) dengan pemberontakan politik, kehidupan cintanya dan kematian awalnya membuatnya, dalam kesedaran awam, simbol utama zaman Romantik. Karya-karyanya tetap popular, dan dia menjadi subjek pelbagai filem dan biografi yang berbeza-beza ketepatan sejarah. <> Apakah derajat hubungan Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric dengan pemberontakan politik? || tidak langsung <> Apa bahagian kehidupan peribadi Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric mempengaruhi warisannya sebagai simbol utama era? || kehidupan cintanya dan kematian awalnya <> Di mana era Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric meninggalkan warisan sebagai simbol utama? || Era romantis <> Dalam bentuk apa media telah Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric menjadi subjek? || filem dan biografi <> Di manakah Chopin mencipta majoriti komposisinya? || Perancis <> Chopin berasal dari negara mana? || Poland <> Dia mempunyai persatuan bukan langsung dengan apa? || pemberontakan politik <> Chopin berkait rapat dengan era apa? || Masa romantis <> Di manakah Chopin mencipta kebanyakan karya-karyanya? || Perancis <> Chopin secara tidak langsung berkaitan dengan apa? || pemberontakan politik <> Chopin dianggap sebagai simbol utama? || Era romantis", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the degree of Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's association with political insurrection?", "id": "56cbd8c66d243a140015ed85", "answers": [{"text": "indirect", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What parts of Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's personal life influenced his legacy as a leading symbol of the era?", "id": "56cbd8c66d243a140015ed86", "answers": [{"text": "his love life and his early death", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which era was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric leave a legacy of as a leading symbol?", "id": "56cbd8c66d243a140015ed87", "answers": [{"text": "Romantic era", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what forms of media has Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric been the subject of?", "id": "56cbd8c66d243a140015ed88", "answers": [{"text": "films and biographies", "answer_start": 394}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Chopin create the majority of his compositions?", "id": "56ce1138aab44d1400b88428", "answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin is a native of what country?", "id": "56ce1138aab44d1400b88429", "answers": [{"text": "Poland", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "He had a non-direct association with what?", "id": "56ce1138aab44d1400b8842a", "answers": [{"text": "political insurrection", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin is closely associated with what era?", "id": "56ce1138aab44d1400b8842b", "answers": [{"text": "Romantic era", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Chopin create most of his works?", "id": "56cf5a5aaab44d1400b890dd", "answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin was indirectly related to what?", "id": "56cf5a5aaab44d1400b890de", "answers": [{"text": "political insurrection", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin is considered a prominent symbol of what?", "id": "56cf5a5aaab44d1400b890df", "answers": [{"text": "Romantic era", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In his native Poland, in France, where he composed most of his works, and beyond, Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars, his association (if only indirect) with political insurrection, his love life and his early death have made him, in the public consciousness, a leading symbol of the Romantic era. His works remain popular, and he has been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy."}], ["Pada bulan Oktober 1810, enam bulan selepas kelahiran Fryderyk, keluarganya berpindah ke Warsaw, di mana bapanya memperoleh ajaran pengajaran bahasa Perancis di Warsaw Lyceum, kemudian ditempatkan di Istana Saxon. Fryderyk tinggal bersama keluarganya di kawasan Istana. Bapa memainkan seruling dan biola; ibu bermain piano dan memberikan pelajaran kepada lelaki di rumah penginapan yang dipelihara oleh Chopin. Chopin sedikit membina, dan walaupun pada peringkat awal kanak-kanak terdedah kepada penyakit. <> Semasa bulan apakah Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric berpindah ke Warsaw dengan keluarganya? || Oktober <> Bahasa apa yang diajar oleh bapa Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric selepas mereka berpindah ke Warsaw? || Perancis <> Di mana Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric tinggal bersama keluarganya semasa mereka berada di Warsaw? || latar belakang Istana <> Apa dua alat bermain ayah Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric pada masa ini? || seruling dan biola <> Apakah Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric terdedah kepada semasa kanak-kanak awal akibat daripada sedikit pembinaannya? || penyakit <> Bilakah keluarga Chopin berpindah ke Warsaw? || Oktober 1810 <> Di manakah bapa Chopin mendapatkan kedudukan mengajar? || Warsaw Lyceum <> Apa instrumen bermain ayah Chopin? || seruling dan biola <> Alat apa yang diajar oleh ibu Chopin? || piano <> Berapa umur Chopin apabila keluarganya berpindah ke Warsaw? || enam bulan <> Bahasa apa yang diajar oleh bapa Chopin? || Perancis <> Apa dua instrumen bermain bapa Chopin? || seruling dan biola <> Apa instrumen ibu Chopin mengajar di rumah tumpangan? || piano <> Di mana Chopin hidup dengan keluarganya di Warsaw? || Istana Saxon.", {"qas": [{"question": "During what month did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric move to Warsaw with his family?", "id": "56cbdcd16d243a140015eda2", "answers": [{"text": "October", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's father teach after they had moved to Warsaw?", "id": "56cbdcd16d243a140015eda3", "answers": [{"text": "French", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric live with his family while they were in Warsaw?", "id": "56cbdcd16d243a140015eda4", "answers": [{"text": "the Palace grounds", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two instruments did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's father play during this time?", "id": "56cbdcd16d243a140015eda5", "answers": [{"text": "flute and violin", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric prone to during early childhood as a result of his slight build?", "id": "56cbdcd16d243a140015eda6", "answers": [{"text": "illnesses", "answer_start": 445}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Chopin's family move to Warsaw?", "id": "56cf5e35aab44d1400b89147", "answers": [{"text": "October 1810", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Chopin's father get a teaching position?", "id": "56cf5e35aab44d1400b89148", "answers": [{"text": "Warsaw Lyceum", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What instruments did Chopin's father play?", "id": "56cf5e35aab44d1400b89149", "answers": [{"text": "flute and violin", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What instrument did Chopin's mother teach?", "id": "56cf5e35aab44d1400b8914a", "answers": [{"text": "piano", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old was Chopin when his family moved to Warsaw?", "id": "56d1d4d3e7d4791d00902275", "answers": [{"text": "six months", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language did Chopin's father teach?", "id": "56d1d4d3e7d4791d00902276", "answers": [{"text": "French", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two instruments did Chopin's father play?", "id": "56d1d4d3e7d4791d00902277", "answers": [{"text": "flute and violin", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What instrument did Chopin's mother teach at the boarding house?", "id": "56d1d4d3e7d4791d00902278", "answers": [{"text": "piano", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Chopin live with his family in Warsaw?", "id": "56d1d4d3e7d4791d00902279", "answers": [{"text": "Saxon Palace.", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lessons to boys in the boarding house that the Chopins kept. Chopin was of slight build, and even in early childhood was prone to illnesses."}], ["Fryderyk mungkin mempunyai arahan piano dari ibunya, tetapi tutor muzik profesional pertamanya, dari 1816 hingga 1821, adalah pemain piano Czech Wojciech \u017bywny. Gadis kakaknya Ludwika juga mengambil pelajaran dari \u017bywny, dan kadang-kadang bermain duet dengan abangnya. Ia dengan cepat menjadi jelas bahawa dia adalah seorang anak yang ajaib. Menjelang usia tujuh Fryderyk telah memulakan konsert awam, dan pada tahun 1817 ia menyusun dua polona, dalam G minor dan B-flat major. Kerja berikutnya, sebuah polonais dalam major A-flat tahun 1821, yang dikhususkan untuk \u017bywny, adalah manuskrip musikalnya yang paling awal. <> Siapa guru profesional pertama Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric dalam muzik? || Wojciech \u017bywny <> Kakak mana yang pernah bermain duet Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric dengan kadang kala sedang diajar pada masa ini? || Ludwika <> Pada usia berapa Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric mula memberi konsert awam? || 7 <> Apa yang dikarang Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric pada tahun 1817? || dua polonaise <> Apakah notasi muzik paling awal yang diterbitkan oleh Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric? || sebuah polonaise dalam major A-flat daripada 1821 <> Siapa guru piano awal Chopin? || Wojciech \u017bywny <> Antara adik-beradiknya yang pernah berkahwin dengan Chopin? || Ludwika <> Pada umur berapa Chopin mula bermain secara terbuka? || 7 <> Tahun berapakah Chopin menyusun karya pertamanya? || 1817 <> Selama tahun berapa Chopin menerima arahan dari \u017bywny? || 1816 hingga 1821 <> Apakah nama guru muzik pertama Chopin yang bukan seorang pemuzik amatur? || Wojciech \u017bywny <> Antara adik-beradik Chopin yang akan bermain muzik dengannya? || Ludwika <> Berapa umur Chopin ketika dia mula tampil untuk orang ramai? || 7 <> Siapa yang paling awal Chopin muzik, yang terdapat rekod, didedikasikan untuk? || Wojciech \u017bywny", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's first professional teacher in music?", "id": "56cbdea66d243a140015edac", "answers": [{"text": "Wojciech \u017bywny", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which sister did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric play duets with sometimes while being tutored at this time?", "id": "56cbdea66d243a140015edad", "answers": [{"text": "Ludwika", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what age did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric start giving public concerts?", "id": "56cbdea66d243a140015edae", "answers": [{"text": "7", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric compose during the year of 1817?", "id": "56cbdea66d243a140015edaf", "answers": [{"text": "two polonaises", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the earliest surviving musical notation composed by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric?", "id": "56cbdea66d243a140015edb0", "answers": [{"text": "a polonaise in A-flat major of 1821", "answer_start": 465}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Chopin's initial piano teacher?", "id": "56cf609aaab44d1400b89185", "answers": [{"text": "Wojciech \u017bywny", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of his sisters did Chopin sometimes duet with?", "id": "56cf609aaab44d1400b89186", "answers": [{"text": "Ludwika", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what age did Chopin start playing publicly?", "id": "56cf609aaab44d1400b89187", "answers": [{"text": "7", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Chopin compose his first work?", "id": "56cf609aaab44d1400b89188", "answers": [{"text": "1817", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what years did Chopin receive instruction from  \u017bywny?", "id": "56cf609aaab44d1400b89189", "answers": [{"text": "1816 to 1821", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Chopin's first music teacher that was not an amateur musician?", "id": "56d20a6ae7d4791d00902618", "answers": [{"text": "Wojciech \u017bywny", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of Chopin's sisters would play music with him?", "id": "56d20a6ae7d4791d00902619", "answers": [{"text": "Ludwika", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old was Chopin when he began to perform for the public?", "id": "56d20a6ae7d4791d0090261a", "answers": [{"text": "7", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Chopin's earliest piece of music, that there is a record of, dedicated to?", "id": "56d20a6ae7d4791d0090261b", "answers": [{"text": "Wojciech \u017bywny", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Fryderyk may have had some piano instruction from his mother, but his first professional music tutor, from 1816 to 1821, was the Czech pianist Wojciech \u017bywny. His elder sister Ludwika also took lessons from \u017bywny, and occasionally played duets with her brother. It quickly became apparent that he was a child prodigy. By the age of seven Fryderyk had begun giving public concerts, and in 1817 he composed two polonaises, in G minor and B-flat major. His next work, a polonaise in A-flat major of 1821, dedicated to \u017bywny, is his earliest surviving musical manuscript."}], ["Bapa Fryderyk, Nicolas Chopin, adalah seorang Perancis dari Lorraine yang telah berhijrah ke Poland pada tahun 1787 pada usia enam belas tahun. Nicolas mengajar anak-anak bangsawan Poland, dan pada 1806 berkahwin Justyna Krzy\u017canowska, saudara miskin Skarbeks, salah satu keluarga yang dia bekerja. Fryderyk dibaptiskan pada Ahad Paskah, 23 April 1810, di gereja yang sama di mana ibu bapanya telah berkahwin, di Brochow. Bapa ayahnya yang berusia lapan belas tahun, yang telah dinamakannya, adalah Fryderyk Skarbek, murid Nicolas Chopin. Fryderyk adalah anak kedua pasangan dan anak tunggal; dia mempunyai kakak perempuan, Ludwika (1807-55), dan dua adik perempuan, Izabela (1811-81) dan Emilia (1812-27). Nicolas telah menumpukan perhatian kepada tanah airnya, dan menegaskan penggunaan bahasa Poland dalam rumah tangga. <> Siapa bapa bapa Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric berkahwin pada 1806? || Justyna Krzy\u017canowska <> Pada tarikh apa Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric dibaptiskan? || 23 April 1810 <> Bahasa apa yang bapa Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric, Nicolas, mendesak untuk menggunakan dalam rumah? || Bahasa Poland <> Apa nama ayah Chopin yang diberikan? || Nicolas <> Di manakah ayah Chopin? || Lorraine <> Ayah Chopin berkahwin siapa? || Justyna Krzy\u017canowska <> Apa nama godfather Chopin? || Fryderyk Skarbek <> Apa nama kakak sulung Chopin? || Ludwika <> Apakah nama pertama ayah Chopin itu? || Nicolas <> Dari mana bapa id Chopin berhijrah dari? || Lorraine <> Apakah nama kakak Chopin? || Ludwika", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's father marry in 1806?", "id": "56cbdbf36d243a140015ed99", "answers": [{"text": "Justyna Krzy\u017canowska", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric baptised?", "id": "56cbdbf36d243a140015ed9a", "answers": [{"text": "23 April 1810", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's father, Nicolas, insist on using in the household?", "id": "56cbdbf36d243a140015ed9c", "answers": [{"text": "Polish", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the given name of Chopin's father?", "id": "56cf5bfcaab44d1400b89111", "answers": [{"text": "Nicolas", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Chopin's father from?", "id": "56cf5bfcaab44d1400b89112", "answers": [{"text": "Lorraine", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin's father married who?", "id": "56cf5bfcaab44d1400b89113", "answers": [{"text": "Justyna Krzy\u017canowska", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Chopin's godfather?", "id": "56cf5bfcaab44d1400b89114", "answers": [{"text": "Fryderyk Skarbek", "answer_start": 468}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Chopin's eldest sister?", "id": "56cf5bfcaab44d1400b89115", "answers": [{"text": "Ludwika", "answer_start": 590}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Chopin's father's first name?", "id": "56d1d3fee7d4791d00902263", "answers": [{"text": "Nicolas", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From where id Chopin's father emigrate from?", "id": "56d1d3fee7d4791d00902264", "answers": [{"text": "Lorraine", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Chopin's older sister's name?", "id": "56d1d3fee7d4791d00902266", "answers": [{"text": "Ludwika", "answer_start": 590}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Fryderyk's father, Nicolas Chopin, was a Frenchman from Lorraine who had emigrated to Poland in 1787 at the age of sixteen. Nicolas tutored children of the Polish aristocracy, and in 1806 married Justyna Krzy\u017canowska, a poor relative of the Skarbeks, one of the families for whom he worked. Fryderyk was baptized on Easter Sunday, 23 April 1810, in the same church where his parents had married, in Broch\u00f3w. His eighteen-year-old godfather, for whom he was named, was Fryderyk Skarbek, a pupil of Nicolas Chopin. Fryderyk was the couple's second child and only son; he had an elder sister, Ludwika (1807\u201355), and two younger sisters, Izabela (1811\u201381) and Emilia (1812\u201327). Nicolas was devoted to his adopted homeland, and insisted on the use of the Polish language in the household."}], ["Fryderyk Chopin dilahirkan di \u017belazowa Wola, 46 kilometer (29 batu) di barat Warsaw, dalam apa yang kemudiannya Duchy of Warsaw, sebuah negara Poland yang ditubuhkan oleh Napoleon. Rekod pembaptisan paroki memberikan hari lahirnya sebagai 22 Februari 1810, dan mengutip namanya dalam bentuk Latin Fridericus Franciscus (dalam bahasa Poland, ia adalah Fryderyk Franciszek). Walau bagaimanapun, komposer dan keluarganya menggunakan tarikh lahir 1 Mac, [n 2] yang kini diterima secara umum sebagai tarikh yang betul. <> Di kampung mana Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric dilahirkan? || \u017belazowa Wola <> Pada apa tarikh lahir Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric? || 22 Februari 1810 <> Walaupun tarikh lahir yang diberikan oleh pembaptisan paroki, tarikh apa yang diberikan oleh komposer dan keluarganya? || 1 Mac <> Apakah bentuk latin nama penuh Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric? || Fridericus Franciscus <> Berapa batu adalah kampung Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric yang dilahirkan di sebelah barat Warsaw? || 29 <> Di manakah Chopin dilahirkan? || \u017belazowa Wola <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab untuk penciptaan Duchy of Warsaw? || Napoleon <> Bilakah hari jadi beliau direkodkan sebagai? || 22 Februari 1810 <> Apa tarikh kelahiran sekarang dianggap sebagai hari jadi yang sebenarnya? || 1 Mac <> Nama-nama Chopin dalam bahasa Latin adalah apa? || Fridericus Franciscus <> Duchy of Warsaw telah dicipta oleh siapa? || Napoleon <> Kelahiran Chopin dicatatkan sebagai ketika? || 22 Februari 1810 <> Apa tarikh kelahiran sekarang dianggap betul untuk Chopin? || 1 Mac <> Apakah bentuk Latin nama Chopin? || Fridericus Franciscus <> Chopin sebenarnya dilahirkan di luar Warsaw di lokasi mana? || \u017belazowa Wola <> Apa pemimpin Perancis yang terkenal telah menubuhkan negara Poland pada masa ini? || Napoleon", {"qas": [{"question": "In what village was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric born in?", "id": "56cbda8d6d243a140015ed8e", "answers": [{"text": "\u017belazowa Wola", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric born on?", "id": "56cbda8d6d243a140015ed8f", "answers": [{"text": "22 February 1810", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Despite the birthdate given by parish baptismal, what date is given by the composer and his family instead?", "id": "56cbda8d6d243a140015ed90", "answers": [{"text": "1 March", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the latin form of Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's full name?", "id": "56cbda8d6d243a140015ed91", "answers": [{"text": "Fridericus Franciscus", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many miles was the village Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric born in located to the west of Warsaw?", "id": "56cbda8d6d243a140015ed92", "answers": [{"text": "29", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Chopin born?", "id": "56ce1225aab44d1400b88430", "answers": [{"text": "\u017belazowa Wola", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was responsible for the creation of the Duchy of Warsaw?", "id": "56ce1225aab44d1400b88431", "answers": [{"text": "Napoleon", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was his birthday recorded as being?", "id": "56ce1225aab44d1400b88432", "answers": [{"text": "22 February 1810", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What birth date is now considered as his actual birthday?", "id": "56ce1225aab44d1400b88433", "answers": [{"text": "1 March", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin's given names in Latin are what?", "id": "56ce1225aab44d1400b88434", "answers": [{"text": "Fridericus Franciscus", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Duchy of Warsaw was created by whom?", "id": "56cf5b40aab44d1400b890fe", "answers": [{"text": "Napoleon", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin's birth is recorded as when?", "id": "56cf5b40aab44d1400b890ff", "answers": [{"text": "22 February 1810", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What birth date is now considered correct for Chopin?", "id": "56cf5b40aab44d1400b89100", "answers": [{"text": "1 March", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Latin form of Chopin's name?", "id": "56cf5b40aab44d1400b89101", "answers": [{"text": "Fridericus Franciscus", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin was actually born outside of Warsaw at what location?", "id": "56d1d330e7d4791d0090224d", "answers": [{"text": "\u017belazowa Wola", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What famous French leader had established the Polish state at this time?", "id": "56d1d330e7d4791d0090224e", "answers": [{"text": "Napoleon", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Fryderyk Chopin was born in \u017belazowa Wola, 46 kilometres (29 miles) west of Warsaw, in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, a Polish state established by Napoleon. The parish baptismal record gives his birthday as 22 February 1810, and cites his given names in the Latin form Fridericus Franciscus (in Polish, he was Fryderyk Franciszek). However, the composer and his family used the birthdate 1 March,[n 2] which is now generally accepted as the correct date."}], ["Pada 1817 Istana Saxon telah diminta oleh gabenor Rusia Warsaw untuk penggunaan tentera, dan Warsaw Lyceum ditubuhkan semula di Istana Kazimierz (hari ini rektorat Universiti Warsaw). Fryderyk dan keluarganya berpindah ke bangunan, yang masih hidup, bersebelahan dengan Istana Kazimierz. Dalam tempoh ini, Fryderyk kadang-kadang dijemput ke Istana Belweder sebagai teman bermain kepada anak penguasa Rusia Poland, Grand Duke Constantine; dia memainkan piano untuk Duke dan membuat perarakan untuknya. Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, dalam sejarahnya yang dramatik, \"Nasze Przebiegi\" (\"Wacana Kita\", 1818), membuktikan populariti kecil \"Chopin\". <> Pada tahun apakah Istana Saxon yang diambil oleh gabenor Rusia untuk kegunaan tentera? || 1817 <> Apa penubuhan hari ini mengandungi apa yang dikenali sebagai Warsaw Lyceum pada masa itu? || Universiti Warsaw <> Apa bangunan rumah baru Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric yang berdekatan? || Istana Kazimierz <> Istana apa yang Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric kadang-kadang dijemput untuk menjadi teman lelaki anak raja? || Istana Belweder <> Apakah puisi pendek bercakap mengenai popularitas Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric sebagai seorang kanak-kanak? || Nasze Przebiegi <> Istana Saxon telah diambil alih untuk kegunaan tentera dalam tahun berapa? || 1817 <> Warsaw Lyceum dipindahkan ke mana? || Istana Kazimierz <> Sebagai seorang kanak-kanak Chopin telah dijemput untuk bermain dengan anaknya? || Grand Duke Constantine <> Apa yang dibuat Chopin untuk Grand Duke Constantine? || perarakan <> Dalam salah satu karya beliau yang menegaskan populariti Chopin sebagai seorang anak? || Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz <> Apa tempat Chopin dijemput untuk sebagai kawan anak lelaki penguasa? || Istana Belweder <> Apakah tajuk dan nama penguasa yang anaknya Chopin berteman? || Grand Duke Constantine <> Apa jenis keping muzik yang dibuat oleh Chopin untuk ayahnya yang berkuasa? || sebuah perarakan <> yang menulis pada tahun 1818 tentang popularitas Chopin? || Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was the Saxon Palace taken by the Russian governor for use regarding the military?", "id": "56cbdfbf6d243a140015edb6", "answers": [{"text": "1817", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What establishment today contains what was known as the Warsaw Lyceum during that time?", "id": "56cbdfbf6d243a140015edb7", "answers": [{"text": "Warsaw University", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What building was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's new home adjacent to?", "id": "56cbdfbf6d243a140015edb8", "answers": [{"text": "Kazimierz Palace", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What palace was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric sometimes invited to as a companion of the ruler's son?", "id": "56cbdfbf6d243a140015edb9", "answers": [{"text": "Belweder Palace", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What short poem spoke of Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's popularity as a child?", "id": "56cbdfbf6d243a140015edba", "answers": [{"text": "Nasze Przebiegi", "answer_start": 566}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Saxon Palace was taken over for military use in what year?", "id": "56cf61d3aab44d1400b891a3", "answers": [{"text": "1817", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Warsaw Lyceum was moved to where?", "id": "56cf61d3aab44d1400b891a4", "answers": [{"text": "Kazimierz Palace", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As a child Chopin was invited to play with the son of whom?", "id": "56cf61d3aab44d1400b891a5", "answers": [{"text": "Grand Duke Constantine", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Chopin create for Grand Duke Constantine?", "id": "56cf61d3aab44d1400b891a6", "answers": [{"text": "a march", "answer_start": 498}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In one of his works who affirmed the popularity of Chopin as a child?", "id": "56cf61d3aab44d1400b891a7", "answers": [{"text": "Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz", "answer_start": 515}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the place Chopin was invited to as a friend of ruler's son?", "id": "56d20bf6e7d4791d00902622", "answers": [{"text": "Belweder Palace", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the title and name of the ruler whose son Chopin was friends with?", "id": "56d20bf6e7d4791d00902623", "answers": [{"text": "Grand Duke Constantine", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of musical piece did Chopin compose for his friend's ruling father?", "id": "56d20bf6e7d4791d00902624", "answers": [{"text": "a march", "answer_start": 498}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote in 1818 about the popularity of Chopin?", "id": "56d20bf6e7d4791d00902625", "answers": [{"text": "Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz", "answer_start": 515}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1817 the Saxon Palace was requisitioned by Warsaw's Russian governor for military use, and the Warsaw Lyceum was reestablished in the Kazimierz Palace (today the rectorate of Warsaw University). Fryderyk and his family moved to a building, which still survives, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace. During this period, Fryderyk was sometimes invited to the Belweder Palace as playmate to the son of the ruler of Russian Poland, Grand Duke Constantine; he played the piano for the Duke and composed a march for him. Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, in his dramatic eclogue, \"Nasze Przebiegi\" (\"Our Discourses\", 1818), attested to \"little Chopin's\" popularity."}], ["Dari September 1823 hingga 1826 Chopin menghadiri Warsaw Lyceum, di mana dia menerima pelajaran organ dari pemuzik Czech Wilhelm W\u00fcrfel semasa tahun pertamanya. Pada musim luruh tahun 1826, beliau memulakan kursus tiga tahun di bawah komposer Silesian J\u00f3zef Elsner di Konservatori Warsaw, mempelajari teori muzik, menggambarkan bass dan komposisi. [N 3] Sepanjang tempoh ini, dia terus menyusun dan memberikan recitals dalam konsert dan salon di Warsaw. Dia terlibat oleh pencipta sebuah organ mekanik, \"eolomelodicon\", dan pada instrumen ini pada Mei 1825 ia melakukan improvisasi sendiri dan sebahagian daripada konsert oleh Moscheles. Kejayaan konsert ini membawa kepada jemputan untuk memberikan bacaan yang sama pada instrumen sebelum Tsar Alexander I, yang melawat Warsaw; Tsar mempersembahkannya dengan cincin berlian. Pada konsert eolomelodicon berikutnya pada 10 Jun 1825, Chopin melakukan Rondo Op nya. 1. Ini adalah karya pertama yang diterbitkan secara komersil dan mendapat perhatian pertama dalam akhbar asing, ketika Leipzig Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung memuji \"kekayaan ide-ide muzik\" nya. <> Semasa tahun berapa Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric melawat Warsaw Lyceum untuk pelajaran? || 1823 hingga 1826 <> Siapa Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric seorang pelajar yang melibatkan teori muzik bermula pada tahun 1826? || J\u00f3zef Elsner <> Apa nama organ mekanikal Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric yang dilakukan pada tahun 1825? || eolomelodicon <> Yang tsar melakukan Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric untuk kerana kejayaannya dalam konsert sebelumnya? || Alexander I <> Pada tarikh apakah prestasi pertama Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric yang mendapat penghargaan antarabangsa? || 10 Jun 1825 <> Siapa yang mengajar Chopin untuk memainkan organ? || Wilhelm W\u00fcrfel <> Chopin mempunyai tiga tahun pelajaran dengan siapa? || J\u00f3zef Elsner <> Apa alat yang dimainkan Chopin di hadapan Tsar Alexander I? || eolomelodicon <> Apa hadiah yang diberikan Tsar Alexander yang saya berikan kepada Chopin? || cincin berlian <> Apa karya pertama Chopin untuk mendapatkan terkenal antarabangsa? || Rondo Op. 1 <> Siapa yang memberi arahan Chopin tentang cara memainkan organ? || Wilhelm W\u00fcrfel <> Apa nama guru kursus tiga tahun Chopin yang bermula pada musim gugur tahun 1826? || J\u00f3zef Elsner <> Apa yang berlaku pada organ mekanik Chopin yang dimainkan pada tahun 1825? || eolomelodicon <> Apa yang Tsar Alexander saya beri kepada Chopin? || cincin berlian. <> Apakah tajuk karya pertama yang berjaya secara komersil? || Rondo Op. 1.", {"qas": [{"question": "During what years did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric visit the Warsaw Lyceum for lessons?", "id": "56cbe1996d243a140015edc0", "answers": [{"text": "1823 to 1826", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric a student of involving music theory starting in 1826?", "id": "56cbe1996d243a140015edc1", "answers": [{"text": "J\u00f3zef Elsner", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the mechanical organ Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric performed on during 1825?", "id": "56cbe1996d243a140015edc2", "answers": [{"text": "eolomelodicon", "answer_start": 497}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which tsar did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric perform for due to his success in previous concerts?", "id": "56cbe1996d243a140015edc3", "answers": [{"text": "Alexander I", "answer_start": 725}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's first performance that earned international esteem?", "id": "56cbe1996d243a140015edc4", "answers": [{"text": "10 June 1825", "answer_start": 848}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who taught Chopin to play the organ?", "id": "56cf63b4aab44d1400b891bd", "answers": [{"text": "Wilhelm W\u00fcrfel", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin had three years of lessons with whom?", "id": "56cf63b4aab44d1400b891be", "answers": [{"text": "J\u00f3zef Elsner", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What instrument did Chopin play in front of Tsar Alexander I?", "id": "56cf63b4aab44d1400b891bf", "answers": [{"text": "eolomelodicon", "answer_start": 497}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What gift did Tsar Alexander I give to Chopin?", "id": "56cf63b4aab44d1400b891c0", "answers": [{"text": "diamond ring", "answer_start": 793}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first of Chopin's works to gain international renown? ", "id": "56cf63b4aab44d1400b891c1", "answers": [{"text": "Rondo Op. 1", "answer_start": 883}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who gave Chopin instruction on how to play the organ?", "id": "56d22055e7d4791d00902683", "answers": [{"text": "Wilhelm W\u00fcrfel", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the teacher of Chopin's three year course that began in the fall of 1826?", "id": "56d22055e7d4791d00902684", "answers": [{"text": "J\u00f3zef Elsner", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is th ename of the mechanical organ Chopin played in 1825?", "id": "56d22055e7d4791d00902685", "answers": [{"text": "eolomelodicon", "answer_start": 497}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Tsar Alexander I give to Chopin?", "id": "56d22055e7d4791d00902686", "answers": [{"text": "a diamond ring.", "answer_start": 791}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the title of his first commercially successful work?", "id": "56d22055e7d4791d00902687", "answers": [{"text": "Rondo Op. 1.", "answer_start": 883}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From September 1823 to 1826 Chopin attended the Warsaw Lyceum, where he received organ lessons from the Czech musician Wilhelm W\u00fcrfel during his first year. In the autumn of 1826 he began a three-year course under the Silesian composer J\u00f3zef Elsner at the Warsaw Conservatory, studying music theory, figured bass and composition.[n 3] Throughout this period he continued to compose and to give recitals in concerts and salons in Warsaw. He was engaged by the inventors of a mechanical organ, the \"eolomelodicon\", and on this instrument in May 1825 he performed his own improvisation and part of a concerto by Moscheles. The success of this concert led to an invitation to give a similar recital on the instrument before Tsar Alexander I, who was visiting Warsaw; the Tsar presented him with a diamond ring. At a subsequent eolomelodicon concert on 10 June 1825, Chopin performed his Rondo Op. 1. This was the first of his works to be commercially published and earned him his first mention in the foreign press, when the Leipzig Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung praised his \"wealth of musical ideas\"."}], ["Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Fran\u00e7ois Chopin (/ \u0283o\u028ap\u00e6n /; sebutan Perancis: [f\u0281e.de.\u0281ik f\u0281\u0251.swa \u0283\u0254.p\u025b]; 22 Februari atau 1 Mac 1810 - 17 Oktober 1849), lahir Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin, [n 1] adalah seorang Polandia dan Perancis (oleh kewarganegaraan dan kelahiran ayah) komposer dan pianis virtuoso era Romantis, yang menulis terutamanya untuk piano solo. Beliau memperoleh dan mengekalkan terkenal di seluruh dunia sebagai salah seorang pemuzik terkemuka zamannya, yang \"genius puitis didasarkan pada teknik profesional yang tidak sama dalam generasinya.\" Chopin dilahirkan dalam apa yang kemudiannya Duchy of Warsaw, dan dibesarkan di Warsaw, yang selepas 1815 menjadi sebahagian daripada Kongres Poland. Seorang kanak-kanak ajaib, dia menyelesaikan pendidikan muziknya dan menyusun karya-karya terdahulu di Warsaw sebelum meninggalkan Poland pada usia 20 tahun, kurang dari sebulan sebelum pecahnya Pemberontakan November 1830. <> Apa kebangsaan Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric? || Poland dan Perancis <> Dalam era apakah Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric aktif? || Era Romantis <> Untuk apa instrumen yang Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric menulis terutamanya untuk? || piano solo <> Di mana kawasan Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric dilahirkan? || Duchy of Warsaw <> Berapa umur Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric berlepas dari Poland? || 20 <> Tahun berapa Chopin dilahirkan? || 1810 <> Era apa yang aktif semasa Chopin? || Masa romantis <> Di mana Chopin membesar? || Warsaw <> Apa instrumennya yang kebanyakannya dikarang? || piano solo <> Pada umur berapa Chopin meninggalkan Poland? || 20 <> Bilakah Chopin mati? || 17 Oktober 1849 <> Apa nama penuh Chopin? || Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin <> Sebilangan besar komposisi Chopin adalah untuk instrumen apa? || piano solo <> Chopin aktif dalam era apa? || Masa romantis <> Dalam tahun apakah Chopin dilahirkan? || 1810 <> Di mana bandar Chopin dilahirkan dan dibesarkan? || Warsaw <> Berapa umur Chopin ketika dia meninggalkan Poland? || 20 <> Dalam era muzik apa yang dikarang Chopin? || Romantik <> Tahun berapa Chopin mati? || 1849", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's nationalities?", "id": "56cbd2356d243a140015ed66", "answers": [{"text": "Polish and French", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what era was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric active in?", "id": "56cbd2356d243a140015ed67", "answers": [{"text": "Romantic era", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what instrument did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric write primarily for?", "id": "56cbd2356d243a140015ed68", "answers": [{"text": "solo piano", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what area was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric born in?", "id": "56cbd2356d243a140015ed69", "answers": [{"text": "Duchy of Warsaw", "answer_start": 559}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what age did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric depart from Poland?", "id": "56cbd2356d243a140015ed6a", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 777}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Chopin born?", "id": "56ce0a3762d2951400fa69d6", "answers": [{"text": "1810", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What era was Chopin active during?", "id": "56ce0a3762d2951400fa69d7", "answers": [{"text": "Romantic era", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Chopin grow up?", "id": "56ce0a3762d2951400fa69d8", "answers": [{"text": "Warsaw", "answer_start": 568}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What instrument did he mostly compose for?", "id": "56ce0a3762d2951400fa69d9", "answers": [{"text": "solo piano", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what age did Chopin  leave Poland?", "id": "56ce0a3762d2951400fa69da", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 777}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Chopin die?", "id": "56cf54a2aab44d1400b89006", "answers": [{"text": "17 October 1849", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Chopin's full name?", "id": "56cf54a2aab44d1400b89008", "answers": [{"text": "Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The majority of Chopin's compositions were for what instrument?", "id": "56cf54a2aab44d1400b89009", "answers": [{"text": "solo piano", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin was active during what era?", "id": "56cf54a2aab44d1400b8900a", "answers": [{"text": "Romantic era", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Chopin born?", "id": "56d1ca30e7d4791d009021a7", "answers": [{"text": "1810", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city was Chopin born and raised?", "id": "56d1ca30e7d4791d009021a8", "answers": [{"text": "Warsaw", "answer_start": 568}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old was Chopin when he left Poland?", "id": "56d1ca30e7d4791d009021a9", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 777}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what era of music did Chopin compose?", "id": "56d1ca30e7d4791d009021aa", "answers": [{"text": "Romantic", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Chopin die?", "id": "56d1ca30e7d4791d009021ab", "answers": [{"text": "1849", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Fran\u00e7ois Chopin (/\u02c8\u0283o\u028ap\u00e6n/; French pronunciation: \u200b[f\u0281e.de.\u0281ik f\u0281\u0251\u0303.swa \u0283\u0254.p\u025b\u0303]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 \u2013 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the solo piano. He gained and has maintained renown worldwide as one of the leading musicians of his era, whose \"poetic genius was based on a professional technique that was without equal in his generation.\" Chopin was born in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, and grew up in Warsaw, which after 1815 became part of Congress Poland. A child prodigy, he completed his musical education and composed his earlier works in Warsaw before leaving Poland at the age of 20, less than a month before the outbreak of the November 1830 Uprising."}], ["Pada usia 21 dia menetap di Paris. Selepas itu, selama 18 tahun terakhir dalam hidupnya, dia hanya memberikan 30 pertunjukan awam, lebih memilih suasana salun yang lebih intim. Beliau menyokong dirinya dengan menjual komposisi dan mengajar piano, yang mana dia sangat memerlukan. Chopin membentuk persahabatan dengan Franz Liszt dan dikagumi oleh banyak kontemporari muziknya, termasuk Robert Schumann. Pada tahun 1835, dia mendapat kewarganegaraan Perancis. Selepas penglibatan yang gagal kepada Maria Wodzi\u0144ska, dari tahun 1837 hingga 1847, beliau mengekalkan hubungan yang sering bermasalah dengan penulis Perancis, George Sand. Lawatan ringkas dan tidak berpuas hati ke Majorca dengan Pasir pada tahun 1838-39 adalah salah satu masa komposisi yang paling produktif. Pada tahun-tahun terakhir beliau, beliau disokong secara kewangan oleh penyokongnya, Jane Stirling, yang juga mengatur agar dia melawat Scotland pada tahun 1848. Melalui kebanyakan hidupnya, Chopin mengalami kesihatan yang tidak baik. Dia meninggal dunia di Paris pada 1849, mungkin daripada tuberkulosis. <> Berapa umur Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric berpindah ke Paris? || 21 <> Berapa banyak persembahan awam yang dianggarkan Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric telah diberikan sepanjang sisa hidupnya? || 30 <> Pada tahun apakah Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric mendapat kewarganegaraan di Perancis? || 1835 <> Dalam apa bidang telah tempoh komposisi Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric yang paling produktif berlaku? || Majorca <> Apa sebabnya kematian Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric? || batuk kering <> Di manakah dia akhirnya hidup ketika berusia 21 tahun? || Paris <> Berapa banyak persembahan awam yang dia lakukan pada tahun-tahun terakhir hidupnya? || 30 <> Apa komposer lain yang Chopin membangun persahabatan dengan? || Franz Liszt <> Tahun apa dia mendapat kewarganegaraan di Perancis? || 1835 <> Apakah nama wanita itu mempunyai hubungan dengannya dari 1837-847? || Maria Wodzi\u0144ska <> Berapa umur Chopin beralih ke Paris? || 21 <> Selama 18 tahun yang lalu dia hidup berapa kali Chopin tampil di depan umum? || 30 <> Tahun berapa Chopin menjadi warganegara Perancis? || 1835 <> Pada tahun-tahun terakhir hidupnya yang merupakan orang yang menyokongnya secara kewangan? || Jane Stirling <> Pada tahun apakah Chopin menjadi warganegara Perancis? || 1835 <> Siapa yang memberi wang Chopin pada tahun-tahun terakhir hidupnya? || Jane Stirling <> Apa kemungkinan kematian bagi Chopin? || tuberkulosis", {"qas": [{"question": "At what age did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric move to Paris?", "id": "56cbd2f96d243a140015ed70", "answers": [{"text": "21", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many public performances was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric estimated to have given during the remainder of his life?", "id": "56cbd2f96d243a140015ed71", "answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric obtain citizenship in France?", "id": "56cbd2f96d243a140015ed72", "answers": [{"text": "1835", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what area had Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's most productive period of composition taken place?", "id": "56cbd2f96d243a140015ed73", "answers": [{"text": "Majorca", "answer_start": 626}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's most likely cause of death?", "id": "56cbd2f96d243a140015ed74", "answers": [{"text": "tuberculosis", "answer_start": 939}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did he end up living when he was 21?", "id": "56ce0d8662d2951400fa69e8", "answers": [{"text": "Paris", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many public shows did he perform during the last years of his life?", "id": "56ce0d8662d2951400fa69e9", "answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other composer did Chopin develop a friendship with?", "id": "56ce0d8662d2951400fa69ea", "answers": [{"text": "Franz Liszt", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did he gain citizenship in France?", "id": "56ce0d8662d2951400fa69eb", "answers": [{"text": "1835", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the woman he had a relationship with from 1837-847?", "id": "56ce0d8662d2951400fa69ec", "answers": [{"text": "Maria Wodzi\u0144ska", "answer_start": 481}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what age did Chopin move to Paris?", "id": "56cf5734aab44d1400b89079", "answers": [{"text": "21", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the last 18 years he lived about how many times did Chopin perform in public?", "id": "56cf5734aab44d1400b8907a", "answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Chopin become a citizen of France?", "id": "56cf5734aab44d1400b8907c", "answers": [{"text": "1835", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the last years of his life who was the person that supported him financially?", "id": "56cf5734aab44d1400b8907d", "answers": [{"text": "Jane Stirling", "answer_start": 773}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Chopin become a French citizen?", "id": "56d1cd98e7d4791d009021e6", "answers": [{"text": "1835", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who gave Chopin money in the last years of his life?", "id": "56d1cd98e7d4791d009021e7", "answers": [{"text": "Jane Stirling", "answer_start": 773}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the likely cause of death for Chopin?", "id": "56d1cd98e7d4791d009021e8", "answers": [{"text": "tuberculosis", "answer_start": 939}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At the age of 21 he settled in Paris. Thereafter, during the last 18 years of his life, he gave only some 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon. He supported himself by selling his compositions and teaching piano, for which he was in high demand. Chopin formed a friendship with Franz Liszt and was admired by many of his musical contemporaries, including Robert Schumann. In 1835 he obtained French citizenship. After a failed engagement to Maria Wodzi\u0144ska, from 1837 to 1847 he maintained an often troubled relationship with the French writer George Sand. A brief and unhappy visit to Majorca with Sand in 1838\u201339 was one of his most productive periods of composition. In his last years, he was financially supported by his admirer Jane Stirling, who also arranged for him to visit Scotland in 1848. Through most of his life, Chopin suffered from poor health. He died in Paris in 1849, probably of tuberculosis."}], ["Semua komposisi Chopin termasuk piano. Kebanyakannya adalah untuk piano solo, walaupun dia juga menulis dua konsert piano, beberapa ruang kebuk, dan beberapa lagu untuk lirik Poland. Gaya papan kekuncinya adalah sangat individu dan sering menuntut teknikal; persembahannya sendiri terkenal kerana nuansa dan kepekaannya. Chopin mencipta konsep ballade instrumental. Piano utama beliau juga berfungsi termasuk mazurkas, waltzes, nocturnes, polonaises, \u00e9tudes, impromptus, scherzos, preludes dan sonatas, beberapa diterbitkan hanya selepas kematiannya. Pengaruh gaya komposisinya termasuk muzik rakyat Polandia, tradisi klasik J. S. Bach, Mozart dan Schubert, muzik yang dia dikagumi, serta salon Paris di mana dia adalah tetamu yang kerap. Inovasinya dalam gaya, bentuk muzik, dan keharmonian, dan persatuan muziknya dengan nasionalisme, berpengaruh sepanjang dan selepas zaman Romantik lewat. <> Apakah instrumen apa yang setiap komposisi oleh Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric termasuk? || piano <> Apa konsep Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric dikreditkan dengan mencipta? || ballade instrumental <> Muzik mana yang Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric mengagumi yang paling dan dengan itu memberikan pengaruh terhadap kerjanya? || J. S. Bach, Mozart dan Schubert <> Ciri-ciri apa yang menandakan gaya prestasi Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric dan menjadikannya unik? || nuansa dan kepekaan <> Apa lembaga yang sering melawat Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric di Paris yang mempengaruhi kerjayanya? || Salon Paris <> Instrumen mana yang membuat setiap komposisinya termasuk? || piano <> Apa konsep yang dibuat Chopin? || ballade instrumental <> Apakah dua perkara yang diketahui oleh persembahan Chopin? || nuansa dan kepekaan <> Apa tiga komposer mempengaruhi kerja Chopin? || J. S. Bach, Mozart dan Schubert <> Chopin menulis beberapa muzik kepada lirik, bahasa apakah lirik itu? || Bahasa Poland <> Alat apa yang terlibat dalam semua kerja Chopin? || piano <> Chopin menyusun beberapa lagu untuk lirik bahasa apa? || Poland <> Persembahan Chopin dikenali dengan apa? || nuansa dan kepekaan <> Apa tiga komposer yang Chopin mengambil inspirasi dari? || J. S. Bach, Mozart dan Schubert <> Apa instrumen yang ditulis oleh semua komposisi Chopin? || piano <> Bahasa apa lagu beberapa lagu yang ditulis dalam Chopin menulis muzik untuk? || Bahasa Poland <> Dari apa tempat Chopin yang sering dijemput tetamu? || Salon Paris", {"qas": [{"question": "What instrument did every composition by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric include?", "id": "56cbd4c56d243a140015ed7a", "answers": [{"text": "piano", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What concept was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric credited with creating?", "id": "56cbd4c56d243a140015ed7b", "answers": [{"text": "instrumental ballade", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose music did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric admire the most and thus provide influence on his work?", "id": "56cbd4c56d243a140015ed7c", "answers": [{"text": "J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert", "answer_start": 620}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What features marked Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's performance style and made them unique?", "id": "56cbd4c56d243a140015ed7d", "answers": [{"text": "nuance and sensitivity", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What establishments did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric frequently visit in Paris that influenced his career?", "id": "56cbd4c56d243a140015ed7e", "answers": [{"text": "Paris salons", "answer_start": 705}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which instrument do every one of his compositions include?", "id": "56ce0f42aab44d1400b8841e", "answers": [{"text": "piano", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What concept did Chopin create?", "id": "56ce0f42aab44d1400b8841f", "answers": [{"text": "instrumental ballade", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two things Chopin's performances were known for?", "id": "56ce0f42aab44d1400b88420", "answers": [{"text": "nuance and sensitivity", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What three composers influenced Chopin's work?", "id": "56ce0f42aab44d1400b88421", "answers": [{"text": "J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert", "answer_start": 620}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin wrote some music to lyrics, what language were the lyrics?", "id": "56ce0f42aab44d1400b88422", "answers": [{"text": "Polish", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What instrument is involved in all of Chopin's work?", "id": "56cf582eaab44d1400b8909b", "answers": [{"text": "piano", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin composed several songs to lyrics of what language?", "id": "56cf582eaab44d1400b8909c", "answers": [{"text": "Polish", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin's performances were known for what?", "id": "56cf582eaab44d1400b8909d", "answers": [{"text": "nuance and sensitivity", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What three composers did Chopin take inspiration from?", "id": "56cf582eaab44d1400b8909e", "answers": [{"text": "J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert", "answer_start": 620}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What instrument was all of Chopin's compositions written for?", "id": "56d1cf80e7d4791d00902211", "answers": [{"text": "piano", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language were some songs written in that Chopin wrote music for?", "id": "56d1cf80e7d4791d00902212", "answers": [{"text": "Polish", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of what venue was Chopin an often invited guest?", "id": "56d1cf80e7d4791d00902215", "answers": [{"text": "Paris salons", "answer_start": 705}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "All of Chopin's compositions include the piano. Most are for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, a few chamber pieces, and some songs to Polish lyrics. His keyboard style is highly individual and often technically demanding; his own performances were noted for their nuance and sensitivity. Chopin invented the concept of instrumental ballade. His major piano works also include mazurkas, waltzes, nocturnes, polonaises, \u00e9tudes, impromptus, scherzos, preludes and sonatas, some published only after his death. Influences on his compositional style include Polish folk music, the classical tradition of J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert, the music of all of whom he admired, as well as the Paris salons where he was a frequent guest. His innovations in style, musical form, and harmony, and his association of music with nationalism, were influential throughout and after the late Romantic period."}], ["Di Paris, Chopin menemui artis dan tokoh terkenal lain, dan mendapati banyak peluang untuk menggunakan bakatnya dan mencapai selebriti. Selama bertahun-tahun di Paris, dia akan mengenali, antara lain Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix, dan Alfred de Vigny. Chopin juga berpengalaman dengan penyair Adam Mickiewicz, pengetua Persatuan Sastera Poland, beberapa ayat-ayatnya yang dia tetapkan sebagai lagu. <> Di mana bandar Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric mencapai status selebriti? || Paris <> Siapa yang menjadi ketua Persatuan Sastera Poland yang dikenali Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric? || Adam Mickiewicz <> Apa yang Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric mencipta dari ayat-ayat penyair Adam Mickiewicz? || lagu <> Penyair mana yang Chopin menggunakan ayat dari lagu? || Adam Mickiewicz <> Apa orang yang bertemu Chopin semasa di Paris? || Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix, dan Alfred de Vigny <> Apa nama penyair Chopin berkenalan di Paris? || Adam Mickiewicz <> Kedudukan apakah penyair yang diketahui Chopin di Paris? || pengetua Persatuan Sastera Poland", {"qas": [{"question": "In what city did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric achieve celebrity status?", "id": "56cbf37e6d243a140015ee10", "answers": [{"text": "Paris", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society that Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric became acquainted with?", "id": "56cbf37e6d243a140015ee12", "answers": [{"text": "Adam Mickiewicz", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric create from verses of the poet Adam Mickiewicz?", "id": "56cbf37e6d243a140015ee13", "answers": [{"text": "songs", "answer_start": 458}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What poet did Chopin use verses from for songs?", "id": "56cf6e0d4df3c31400b0d789", "answers": [{"text": "Adam Mickiewicz", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What people did Chopin meet while in Paris?", "id": "56cf6e0d4df3c31400b0d78a", "answers": [{"text": "Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix, and Alfred de Vigny", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the poet Chopin became acquainted with in Paris?", "id": "56d319d459d6e41400146240", "answers": [{"text": "Adam Mickiewicz", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What position did the poet who Chopin knew in Paris hold?", "id": "56d319d459d6e41400146241", "answers": [{"text": "principal of the Polish Literary Society", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Paris, Chopin encountered artists and other distinguished figures, and found many opportunities to exercise his talents and achieve celebrity. During his years in Paris he was to become acquainted with, among many others, Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix, and Alfred de Vigny. Chopin was also acquainted with the poet Adam Mickiewicz, principal of the Polish Literary Society, some of whose verses he set as songs."}], ["Semasa tahun 1824-28 Chopin menghabiskan percutiannya dari Warsaw, di beberapa daerah. [N 4] Pada tahun 1824 dan 1825, di Szafarnia, beliau adalah tetamu Dominik Dziewanowski, bapa seorang teman sekolah. Di sini buat kali pertama dia menemui muzik rakyat pedesaan Poland. Surat-suratnya pulang dari Szafarnia (di mana dia memberikan gelaran \"The Courier Szafarnia\"), yang ditulis dalam bahasa Poland yang sangat moden dan meriah, menggembirakan keluarganya dengan spoofing mereka surat khabar Warsaw dan menunjukkan hadiah sastera anak itu. <> Siapa tetamu Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric semasa lawatan Szafarnia pada tahun 1824 dan 1825? || Dominik Dziewanowski <> Di kampung mana Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric pertama kali mengalami muzik rakyat pedesaan Poland? || Szafarnia <> Kepada siapa yang menulis surat kepada Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric semasa dia tinggal di Szafarnia? || keluarganya <> Apa yang ditulis oleh Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric dalam suratnya? || Surat khabar Warsaw <> Semasa bercuti pada tahun 1824 dan 1825 yang melakukan Chopin menghabiskan percutiannya? || Dominik Dziewanowski <> Apa jenis muzik yang pernah dilakukan oleh Chopin buat kali pertama ketika menginap di Szafarnia? || Muzik rakyat pedesaan Poland <> Apa nama orang yang menjadi tuan rumah Chopin sebagai tetamu ketika dia menemui muzik rakyat pedesaan Poland? || Dominik Dziewanowski <> Apa tajuk tajam yang diberikan oleh beberapa surat spoof yang dia tulis? || The Courier Szafarnia <> Di mana Chopin menghabiskan percutiannya pada tahun 1824 dan 1825? || Szafarnia", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric a guest of during his visit of Szafarnia in 1824 and 1825?", "id": "56cbe2fd6d243a140015edcb", "answers": [{"text": "Dominik Dziewanowski", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which village did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric first experience rural Polish folk music?", "id": "56cbe2fd6d243a140015edcc", "answers": [{"text": "Szafarnia", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To whom did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric write letters to during his stay in Szafarnia?", "id": "56cbe2fd6d243a140015edcd", "answers": [{"text": "his family", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric write parodies of in his letters?", "id": "56cbe2fd6d243a140015edce", "answers": [{"text": "Warsaw newspapers", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During his vacation in 1824 and 1825 who did Chopin spend his vacation with?", "id": "56cf64e34df3c31400b0d6f9", "answers": [{"text": "Dominik Dziewanowski", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of music did Chopin discover for the first time while staying in Szafarnia?", "id": "56cf64e34df3c31400b0d6fa", "answers": [{"text": "Polish rural folk music", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the person who hosted Chopin as a guest when he discovered Polish rural folk music?", "id": "56d2211ae7d4791d00902693", "answers": [{"text": "Dominik Dziewanowski", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the title chopin gave of some spoof letters he wrote?", "id": "56d2211ae7d4791d00902694", "answers": [{"text": "The Szafarnia Courier", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Chopin spend his vacation in 1824 and 1825?", "id": "56d2211ae7d4791d00902695", "answers": [{"text": "Szafarnia", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During 1824\u201328 Chopin spent his vacations away from Warsaw, at a number of locales.[n 4] In 1824 and 1825, at Szafarnia, he was a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski, the father of a schoolmate. Here for the first time he encountered Polish rural folk music. His letters home from Szafarnia (to which he gave the title \"The Szafarnia Courier\"), written in a very modern and lively Polish, amused his family with their spoofing of the Warsaw newspapers and demonstrated the youngster's literary gift."}], ["Dua rakan Poland di Paris juga memainkan peranan penting dalam kehidupan Chopin di sana. Pelajarnya di Konservatori Warsaw, Julian Fontana, pada mulanya cuba tidak berjaya untuk menubuhkan dirinya di England; Albert Grzyma\u0142a, yang di Paris menjadi pembiaya yang kaya dan tokoh masyarakat, sering bertindak sebagai penasihat Chopin dan \"secara beransur-ansur mula mengisi peranan abang dalam kehidupannya.\" Fontana menjadi, dalam kata-kata Micha\u0142owski dan Samson, \"factotum umum dan penyalin\". <> Rakan mana Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric gagal mencapai kejayaan di England? || Julian Fontana <> Siapa penasihat dipercayai Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric ketika di Paris? || Albert Grzyma\u0142a <> Apa peranan keluarga Albert Grzyma\u0142a berbanding dalam soal Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric? || abang <<Siapa yang dinyatakan sebagai jaring semua dagangan dalam perkhidmatan kepada Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric? || Julian Fontana <> Apa kewarganegaraan kedua-dua kawan yang berkhidmat sebagai pengaruh penting dalam hidup Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric semasa di Paris? || Bahasa Poland <> Julian Fontana cuba mencari jalannya di mana sebelum berpindah ke Paris? || England <> Di manakah Julian Fontana gagal untuk ditubuhkan? || England <> Siapa yang tahu Chopin yang menjadi kaya di Paris? || Albert Grzyma\u0142a <> Teman mana yang Chopin menjadi seperti seorang abang kepadanya? || Albert Grzyma\u0142a <> Rakan mana yang mengambil peranan beberapa pekerjaan untuk membantu Chopin termasuk penyalin? || Julian Fontana <> Di mana pelajar-pelajar Chopin dan Fontana bersama-sama? || Konservatori Warsaw", {"qas": [{"question": "Which friend of Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric failed to achieve success in England?", "id": "56cbf5106d243a140015ee18", "answers": [{"text": "Julian Fontana", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's trusted adviser while in Paris?", "id": "56cbf5106d243a140015ee19", "answers": [{"text": "Albert Grzyma\u0142a", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What familial role was Albert Grzyma\u0142a compared to in regards to Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric?", "id": "56cbf5106d243a140015ee1a", "answers": [{"text": "elder brother", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is stated as a jack of all trades in service to Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric?", "id": "56cbf5106d243a140015ee1b", "answers": [{"text": "Julian Fontana", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nationality were the two friends who served as a pivotal influence in Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's life while in Paris?", "id": "56cbf5106d243a140015ee1c", "answers": [{"text": "Polish", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Julian Fontana tried to find his way where before moving to Paris?", "id": "56cf6f874df3c31400b0d796", "answers": [{"text": "England", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Julian Fontana fail to get established?", "id": "56d31b3759d6e41400146244", "answers": [{"text": "England", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Chopin know that became rich in Paris?", "id": "56d31b3759d6e41400146245", "answers": [{"text": "Albert Grzyma\u0142a", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which friend of Chopin became like an older brother to him?", "id": "56d31b3759d6e41400146246", "answers": [{"text": "Albert Grzyma\u0142a", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which friend took on the role of several jobs to help Chopin including copyist?", "id": "56d31b3759d6e41400146247", "answers": [{"text": "Julian Fontana", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were Chopin and Fontana students together?", "id": "56d31b3759d6e41400146248", "answers": [{"text": "Warsaw Conservatory", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Two Polish friends in Paris were also to play important roles in Chopin's life there. His fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory, Julian Fontana, had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England; Albert Grzyma\u0142a, who in Paris became a wealthy financier and society figure, often acted as Chopin's adviser and \"gradually began to fill the role of elder brother in [his] life.\" Fontana was to become, in the words of Micha\u0142owski and Samson, Chopin's \"general factotum and copyist\"."}], ["Pada tahun 1827, selepas kematian saudara kakak Chopin, Emilia, keluarganya berpindah dari bangunan Universiti Warsaw, bersebelahan dengan Istana Kazimierz, ke penginapan di seberang jalan dari universiti, di lampiran selatan Istana Krasi\u0144ski di Krakowskie Przedmie\u015bcie, [n 5] di mana Chopin tinggal sehingga dia meninggalkan Warsaw pada tahun 1830. [n 6] Di sini ibu bapanya terus menjalankan asrama mereka untuk pelajar lelaki; Chopin Family Parlor (Salonik Chopin\u00f3w) menjadi muzium pada abad ke-20. Pada tahun 1829, artis Ambro\u017cy Mieroszewski mengeksekusi satu set potret ahli keluarga Chopin, termasuk potret komposer yang pertama diketahui. [N 7] <> Selama tahun berapa adik bungsu Frederic, Emilia, lenyap? || 1827 <> Apa jalan keluar keluarga Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric selepas kematian adik perempuannya yang paling muda? || Krakowskie Przedmie\u015bcie <> Tahun apakah Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric meninggalkan Warsaw selepas berpindah bersama keluarganya ke lampiran selatan Istana Krasi\u0144ski? || 1830 <> Apa perniagaan keluarga Chopin menjadi pada abad ke-20? || sebuah muzium <> Artis mana yang mencipta potret pertama Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric? || Ambro\u017cy Mieroszewski <> Berapa tahun kakak Chopin Emilia mati? || 1827 <> Tahun berapa Chopin meninggalkan Warsaw? || 1830 <> Apakah perniagaan keluarga Chopin itu? || rumah penginapan untuk pelajar lelaki <> Apa artis yang dicat keluarga Chopin? || Ambro\u017cy Mieroszewski <> Siapa di keluarga Chopin meninggal sejurus sebelum mereka berpindah pada tahun 1827? || kakak Emilia <> Berapa tahun Chopin meninggalkan Warsaw? || 1830 <> Apa yang dikatakan rumah tumpangan Chopin dalam bahasa Inggeris? || Chopin Family Parlor <> Apa artis membuat potret keluarga Chopin pada tahun 1829? || Ambro\u017cy Mieroszewski <> Adakah rumah tumpangan keluarga Chopin untuk pelajar lelaki atau perempuan? || lelaki", {"qas": [{"question": "During what year did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's youngest sister, Emilia, pass away?", "id": "56cbe5df6d243a140015edd4", "answers": [{"text": "1827", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What street did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's family move to after the death of his youngest sister?", "id": "56cbe5df6d243a140015edd5", "answers": [{"text": "Krakowskie Przedmie\u015bcie", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric leave Warsaw after moving with his family to the south annex of Krasi\u0144ski Palace?", "id": "56cbe5df6d243a140015edd6", "answers": [{"text": "1830", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Chopin's family business become in the 20th century?", "id": "56cbe5df6d243a140015edd7", "answers": [{"text": "a museum", "answer_start": 467}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which artist created the first known portrait of Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric?", "id": "56cbe5df6d243a140015edd8", "answers": [{"text": "Ambro\u017cy Mieroszewski", "answer_start": 516}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Chopin's sister Emilia die?", "id": "56cf66734df3c31400b0d713", "answers": [{"text": "1827", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Chopin leave Warsaw?", "id": "56cf66734df3c31400b0d714", "answers": [{"text": "1830", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Chopin family's business?", "id": "56cf66734df3c31400b0d715", "answers": [{"text": "boarding house for male students", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What artist painted the Chopin family?", "id": "56cf66734df3c31400b0d717", "answers": [{"text": "Ambro\u017cy Mieroszewski", "answer_start": 516}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who in Chopin's family died shortly before they moved in 1827?", "id": "56d3123b59d6e41400146204", "answers": [{"text": "sister Emilia", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Chopin leave Warsaw?", "id": "56d3123b59d6e41400146205", "answers": [{"text": "1830", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Chopin boarding house called in English?", "id": "56d3123b59d6e41400146206", "answers": [{"text": "Chopin Family Parlour", "answer_start": 419}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What artist made portraits of the Chopin family in 1829?", "id": "56d3123b59d6e41400146207", "answers": [{"text": "Ambro\u017cy Mieroszewski", "answer_start": 516}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Was the Chopin family boarding house for male or female students?", "id": "56d3123b59d6e41400146208", "answers": [{"text": "male", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasi\u0144ski Palace on Krakowskie Przedmie\u015bcie,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left Warsaw in 1830.[n 6] Here his parents continued running their boarding house for male students; the Chopin Family Parlour (Salonik Chopin\u00f3w) became a museum in the 20th century. In 1829 the artist Ambro\u017cy Mieroszewski executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members, including the first known portrait of the composer.[n 7]"}], ["Pada bulan September 1828 Chopin, ketika masih seorang pelajar, melawat Berlin dengan kawan keluarga, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, menikmati sinetron yang diarahkan oleh Gaspare Spontini dan menghadiri konsert oleh Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn dan selebriti lain. Pada perjalanan pulang ke Berlin pada tahun 1829, beliau adalah tetamu Prince Antoni Radziwi\u0142\u0142, gabenor Grand Duchy Posen-sendiri seorang komposer yang berjaya dan selebriti yang bercita-cita tinggi. Untuk putera dan putri pianisnya, Wanda, dia menyusun Pengenalan dan Polonaise brillante di C major untuk cello dan piano, Op. 3. <> Siapa yang melawat Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Berlin pada bulan September 1828? || Feliks Jarocki <> Pengarah opera mana yang Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric melihat karya semasa dia tinggal di Berlin? || Gaspare Spontini <> Siapa tetamu Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric semasa dia tinggal di Berlin pada tahun 1829? || Prince Antoni Radziwi\u0142\u0142 <> Apa yang dibuat oleh Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric khusus untuk putera dan puteri putera, Wanda? || Pengenalan dan Polonaise brillante dalam C major untuk cello dan piano, Op. 3 <> Bilakah Chopin melawat Berlin? || September 1828 <> Dengan siapa Chopin pergi ke Berlin? || Feliks Jarocki <> Semasa di Berlin dia melihat kerja pengoperasian siapa? || Gaspare Spontini <> Pada tahun 1829 dalam perjalanan kembali ke Berlin Chopin adalah tetamu dari siapa? || Prince Antoni Radziwi\u0142\u0142 <> Apa bahagian yang dibuat Chopin untuk Prince Antoni? || Pengenalan dan Polonaise brillante dalam C major untuk cello dan piano, Op. 3 <> Tahun apa Chopin melawat Berlin ketika masih pelajar? || 1828 <> Siapa yang pergi ke Berlin dengan Chopin? || Feliks Jarocki <> Apa yang Chopin pergi ke Berlin untuk kerja-kerja beliau? || zoologist <> Siapa yang mengarahkan opera yang mereka nikmati di Berlin? || Gaspare Spontini <> Berapa tahunkah Chopin kembali ke Berlin? || 1829", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric visit Berlin with in September 1828?", "id": "56cbeb396d243a140015ede8", "answers": [{"text": "Feliks Jarocki", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which opera director did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric see works of during his stay in Berlin?", "id": "56cbeb396d243a140015ede9", "answers": [{"text": "Gaspare Spontini", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric a guest of during his stay in Berlin in 1829?", "id": "56cbeb396d243a140015edeb", "answers": [{"text": "Prince Antoni Radziwi\u0142\u0142", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What piece did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric create specifically for the prince and the prince's daughter, Wanda?", "id": "56cbeb396d243a140015edec", "answers": [{"text": "Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3", "answer_start": 479}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Chopin visit Berlin?", "id": "56cf69144df3c31400b0d745", "answers": [{"text": "September 1828", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With whom did Chopin go to Berlin?", "id": "56cf69144df3c31400b0d746", "answers": [{"text": "Feliks Jarocki", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "While in Berlin he saw the operatic work of who?", "id": "56cf69144df3c31400b0d747", "answers": [{"text": "Gaspare Spontini", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1829 on a trip back to Berlin Chopin was a guest of who?", "id": "56cf69144df3c31400b0d748", "answers": [{"text": "Prince Antoni Radziwi\u0142\u0142", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What piece did Chopin create for Prince Antoni?", "id": "56cf69144df3c31400b0d749", "answers": [{"text": "Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3", "answer_start": 479}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Chopin visit Berlin while still a student?", "id": "56d3148359d6e41400146218", "answers": [{"text": "1828", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Chopin go to Berlin with?", "id": "56d3148359d6e41400146219", "answers": [{"text": "Feliks Jarocki", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the person who Chopin went with to Berlin do for his work?", "id": "56d3148359d6e4140014621a", "answers": [{"text": "zoologist", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who directed the operas they enjoyed in Berlin?", "id": "56d3148359d6e4140014621b", "answers": [{"text": "Gaspare Spontini", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Chopin return to Berlin?", "id": "56d3148359d6e4140014621c", "answers": [{"text": "1829", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities. On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwi\u0142\u0142, governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen\u2014himself an accomplished composer and aspiring cellist. For the prince and his pianist daughter Wanda, he composed his Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3."}], ["Chopin tiba di Paris pada akhir September 1831; dia tidak akan kembali ke Poland, sehingga menjadi salah satu daripada banyak ekspatriat dari Great Emigration Poland. Di Perancis, dia menggunakan versi Perancis namanya, dan setelah menerima kewarganegaraan Perancis pada tahun 1835, dia mengembara pasport Perancis. Walau bagaimanapun, Chopin tetap rapat dengan rakan-rakannya yang bersekutu sebagai pengembara dan kawan-kawan dan dia tidak pernah merasa selesa berbahasa Perancis. Penulis biografi Chopin, Adam Zamoyski menulis bahawa dia tidak pernah menganggap dirinya Perancis, walaupun asal-usul Perancis ayahnya, dan selalu melihat dirinya sebagai Kutub. <> Apa peristiwa Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric sebahagian daripada ketika dia tiba di Paris pada akhir bulan September tahun 1831? || The Polish Great Emigration <> Apa versi nama kelahiran Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric yang dia mula gunakan setelah tiba di Perancis? || Perancis <> Pada tahun apakah Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric secara rasmi memperoleh kewarganegaraan Perancis? || 1835 <> Apakah dua jenis hubungan yang dinyatakan sebagai Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric yang mempunyai hubungan dengan orang pribumi Polandia di pengasingan? || kawan dan penyokong <> Kebangsaan apa yang dinyatakan sebagai Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric yang paling dikenali? || Poland <> Bilakah Chopin sampai ke Paris? || September 1831 <> Dengan tidak kembali ke Poland Chopin menjadi sebahagian daripada apa? || Poland Besar Emigrasi <> Dalam tahun apakah Chopin menjadi warganegara Perancis? || 1835 <> Apa nama ahli biografi Chopin? || Adam Zamoyski <> Selepas tahun 1831, negara apa yang Chopin tidak pernah kembali? || Poland <> Apakah pasport negara apa yang dia miliki dari tahun 1835? || Perancis <> Bahasa apa yang Chopin tidak pernah benar-benar selesa berbicara? || Bahasa Perancis <> Apa yang menurut penulis biografi Chopin menulis bahawa Chopin tidak pernah menganggap dirinya Perancis? || Adam Zamoyski <> Oleh kerana bilangan ekspatriat Poland selepas pemberontakan, apa yang menjadi dikenali sebagai? || Poland Besar Emigrasi", {"qas": [{"question": "What event was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric a part of when he arrived in Paris during the later part of September in 1831?", "id": "56cbf12a6d243a140015ee06", "answers": [{"text": "the Polish Great Emigration", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What version of Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's birth name did he begin using after arriving in France?", "id": "56cbf12a6d243a140015ee07", "answers": [{"text": "French", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric officially acquire French citizenship?", "id": "56cbf12a6d243a140015ee08", "answers": [{"text": "1835", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the two kinds of relationships stated as Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric having with his fellow Poland natives in exile?", "id": "56cbf12a6d243a140015ee09", "answers": [{"text": "friends and confidants", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nationality is stated as the one Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric felt most identified by?", "id": "56cbf12a6d243a140015ee0a", "answers": [{"text": "Polish", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Chopin reach Paris?", "id": "56cf6d3e4df3c31400b0d781", "answers": [{"text": "September 1831", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By not going back to Poland Chopin became part of what?", "id": "56cf6d3e4df3c31400b0d782", "answers": [{"text": "Polish Great Emigration", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Chopin become a French citizen?", "id": "56cf6d3e4df3c31400b0d783", "answers": [{"text": "1835", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Chopin's biographer?", "id": "56cf6d3e4df3c31400b0d784", "answers": [{"text": "Adam Zamoyski", "answer_start": 451}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After 1831, what country did Chopin never return to?", "id": "56d318f359d6e41400146236", "answers": [{"text": "Poland", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country's passport did he have from 1835?", "id": "56d318f359d6e41400146237", "answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language was Chopin never completely at ease speaking?", "id": "56d318f359d6e41400146238", "answers": [{"text": "French", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What biographer of Chopin wrote that Chopin never considered himself French?", "id": "56d318f359d6e41400146239", "answers": [{"text": "Adam Zamoyski", "answer_start": 451}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Due to the numbers of expatriates of Poland after the uprising, what did it become to be known as?", "id": "56d318f359d6e4140014623a", "answers": [{"text": "Polish Great Emigration", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin arrived in Paris in late September 1831; he would never return to Poland, thus becoming one of many expatriates of the Polish Great Emigration. In France he used the French versions of his given names, and after receiving French citizenship in 1835, he travelled on a French passport. However, Chopin remained close to his fellow Poles in exile as friends and confidants and he never felt fully comfortable speaking French. Chopin's biographer Adam Zamoyski writes that he never considered himself to be French, despite his father's French origins, and always saw himself as a Pole."}], ["Kejayaan Chopin sebagai komposer dan pelukis membuka pintu ke Eropah barat untuknya, dan pada 2 November 1830, dia menerangkan, dengan kata-kata Zdzis\u0142aw Jachimecki, \"ke dalam dunia yang luas, tanpa matlamat yang sangat jelas, selama-lamanya.\" Dengan Woyciechowski, dia menuju ke Austria, berniat pergi ke Itali. Kemudian bulan itu, di Warsaw, Pemberontakan November 1830 berlaku, dan Woyciechowski kembali ke Poland untuk mendaftar. Chopin, sekarang sendirian di Vienna, nostalgia untuk tanah airnya, dan menulis kepada rakan, \"Saya mengutuk masa keberangkatan saya.\" Apabila pada September 1831 dia belajar, semasa perjalanan dari Vienna ke Paris, bahawa pemberontakan telah dihancurkan, dia menyatakan penderitaannya di halaman jurnal pribadinya: \"Oh Tuhan! ... Kamu ada di sana, namun kamu tidak mengambil balas dendam! \" Jachimecki menganggap peristiwa-peristiwa ini sebagai penggambaran komposer \"menjadi bard nasional yang diilhamkan yang mengingatkan masa lalu, masa kini dan masa depan kepunyaan asalnya Poland.\" <> Pada tarikh apakah Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric memulakan perjalanannya ke Eropah Barat? || 2 November 1830 <> Negara manakah yang Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric pergi ke tempat pertama selepas keluar untuk Eropah Barat? || Austria <> Dalam tahun berapa adiknya Woyciechowski berangkat ke Poland untuk meminta pemberontakan di Warsaw? || 1830 <> Ahli sejarah apa yang mengulas bahawa peristiwa yang melibatkan sahabat Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric di Poland menyumbang kepada pematangannya? || Zdzis\u0142aw Jachimecki <> Siapa kata bahawa Chopin menyatakan \"ke dalam dunia yang luas, tanpa matlamat yang jelas, selama-lamanya?\" || Zdzis\u0142aw Jachimecki <> Siapa yang meninggalkan Chopin untuk Austria? || Woyciechowski <> Di mana Chopin berhasrat untuk pergi selepas Austria? || Itali <> Woyciechowski meninggalkan Chopin untuk mendaftar dalam apa? || November 1830 Pemberontakan <> Apa rantau geographicla dibuka untuk Chopin kerana penyusunan dan persembahannya? || Eropah Barat <> Apabila Chopin mula mengambil muziknya ke dunia, apakah nama terakhir orang yang pergi bersamanya ke Austria? || Woyciechowski <> Tahun apa kebangkitan bermula di Warsaw? || 1830 <> Apa perkataan Chopin menulis kepada rakan ketika dia sendirian dan rindu? || \"Saya mengutuk masa keberangkatan saya.\" <> Tahun apa Chopin mengetahui bahawa pemberontakan di Warsaw telah dihancurkan? || 1831", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric begin his journey into Western Europe?", "id": "56cbef3a6d243a140015edfc", "answers": [{"text": "2 November 1830", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which country did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric go to first after setting out for Western Europe?", "id": "56cbef3a6d243a140015edfd", "answers": [{"text": "Austria", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did his companion Woyciechowski depart to Poland to enlist for the uprising in Warsaw?", "id": "56cbef3a6d243a140015edfe", "answers": [{"text": "1830", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What historian commented that the events involving Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's friend in Poland contributed to his maturing?", "id": "56cbef3a6d243a140015ee00", "answers": [{"text": "Zdzis\u0142aw Jachimecki", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said that Chopin set out \"into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever?\"", "id": "56cf6ca44df3c31400b0d777", "answers": [{"text": "Zdzis\u0142aw Jachimecki", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Chopin leave for Austria with?", "id": "56cf6ca44df3c31400b0d778", "answers": [{"text": "Woyciechowski", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Chopin intend to go after Austria?", "id": "56cf6ca44df3c31400b0d779", "answers": [{"text": "Italy", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Woyciechowski left Chopin to enlist in what?", "id": "56cf6ca44df3c31400b0d77a", "answers": [{"text": "the November 1830 Uprising", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What geographicla region was opened for Chopin due to his composing and performances?", "id": "56d3171959d6e4140014622c", "answers": [{"text": "western Europe", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When Chopin started to take his music to the world, what is the last name of the person who went with him to Austria?", "id": "56d3171959d6e4140014622d", "answers": [{"text": "Woyciechowski", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the uprising begin in Warsaw?", "id": "56d3171959d6e4140014622e", "answers": [{"text": "1830", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the words Chopin wrote to a friend when he was alone and homesick?", "id": "56d3171959d6e4140014622f", "answers": [{"text": "\"I curse the moment of my departure.\"", "answer_start": 500}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Chopin learn that the uprising in Warsaw was crushed?", "id": "56d3171959d6e41400146230", "answers": [{"text": "1831", "answer_start": 556}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin's successes as a composer and performer opened the door to western Europe for him, and on 2 November 1830, he set out, in the words of Zdzis\u0142aw Jachimecki, \"into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever.\" With Woyciechowski, he headed for Austria, intending to go on to Italy. Later that month, in Warsaw, the November 1830 Uprising broke out, and Woyciechowski returned to Poland to enlist. Chopin, now alone in Vienna, was nostalgic for his homeland, and wrote to a friend, \"I curse the moment of my departure.\" When in September 1831 he learned, while travelling from Vienna to Paris, that the uprising had been crushed, he expressed his anguish in the pages of his private journal: \"Oh God! ... You are there, and yet you do not take vengeance!\" Jachimecki ascribes to these events the composer's maturing \"into an inspired national bard who intuited the past, present and future of his native Poland.\""}], ["Kembali di Warsaw pada tahun itu, Chopin mendengar Niccol\u00f2 Paganini memainkan biola, dan membentuk satu set variasi, Souvenir de Paganini. Mungkin pengalaman ini yang mendorongnya untuk memulakan menulis Etudes pertama, (1829-32), meneroka kemampuan instrumennya sendiri. Pada 11 Ogos, tiga minggu selepas menamatkan pengajiannya di Konservatori Warsaw, dia membuat debutnya di Vienna. Dia memberikan dua konsert piano dan mendapat banyak ulasan yang menguntungkan-sebagai tambahan kepada beberapa mengulas (dalam kata-kata Chopin sendiri) bahawa dia \"terlalu halus bagi mereka yang terbiasa dengan piano-bashing artis tempatan\". Dalam salah satu konsert ini, dia memaparkan Variasinya pada L\u00e0 ci darem la mano, Op. 2 (variasi pada aria dari opera Mozart Don Giovanni) untuk piano dan orkestra. Dia kembali ke Warsaw pada September 1829, di mana beliau memeriahkan Piano Concerto No. 2 di F minor, Op. 21 pada 17 Mac 1830. <> Apa yang dikarang Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric selepas mendengar Niccol\u00f2 Paganini melakukan biola? || Souvenir de Paganini <> Selama apa bulannya Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric membuat penampilan pertamanya di Vienna? || Ogos <> Berapa banyak konsert piano yang pernah dilakukan Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric di Vienna pada masa ini? || dua <> Pada tarikh apa Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric memberikan persembahan pertamanya Piano Concerto No. 2 dalam F minor, Op. 21? || 17 Mac 1830 <> Apa yang dikarang Chopin setelah mendengar Niccolo Paganini? || Souvenir de Paganini <> Di mana debut Chopin setelah tamat pengajiannya? || Vienna <> Apa bahagian pertama debut Chopin selepas kembali ke Warsaw? || Piano Concerto No. 2 dalam F minor, Op. 21 <> Bilakah Chopin kembali ke Warsaw? || September 1829 <> Mengapa beberapa pengkritik mengatakan bahawa Chopin terlalu halus? || terbiasa dengan piano yang menghancurkan seniman tempatan <> Siapa yang Chopin mendengar bermain biola pada tahun 1829 yang mendorongnya menulis komposisisi? || Niccol\u00f2 Paganini <> Di mana Chopin membuat debutnya selepas menamatkan pendidikannya? || Vienna <> Berapa banyak persembahan awam yang dilakukan Chopin di mana dia membuat penampilan sulungnya selepas menamatkan pendidikannya? || dua <> Berapa minggu selepas menamatkan sekolah sebelum Chopin membuat debut awam? || tiga", {"qas": [{"question": "What did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric compose after hearing Niccol\u00f2 Paganini perform on the violin?", "id": "56cbedde6d243a140015edf2", "answers": [{"text": "Souvenir de Paganini", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what month did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric make his first appearance in Vienna?", "id": "56cbedde6d243a140015edf4", "answers": [{"text": "August", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many piano concerts did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric perform in Vienna during this time?", "id": "56cbedde6d243a140015edf5", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric give his first performance of Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21?", "id": "56cbedde6d243a140015edf6", "answers": [{"text": "17 March 1830", "answer_start": 871}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Chopin compose after hearing Niccolo Paganini?", "id": "56cf6af94df3c31400b0d761", "answers": [{"text": "Souvenir de Paganini", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Chopin debut after completing his studies?", "id": "56cf6af94df3c31400b0d762", "answers": [{"text": "Vienna", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What piece did Chopin debut after returning to Warsaw?", "id": "56cf6af94df3c31400b0d763", "answers": [{"text": "Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21", "answer_start": 828}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Chopin return to Warsaw?", "id": "56cf6af94df3c31400b0d764", "answers": [{"text": "September 1829", "answer_start": 789}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did some critics say that Chopin was too delicate?", "id": "56cf6af94df3c31400b0d765", "answers": [{"text": "accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists", "answer_start": 547}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Chopin hear play violin in 1829 that prompted him to write a composisition?", "id": "56d315d159d6e41400146222", "answers": [{"text": "Niccol\u00f2 Paganini", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Chopin make his debut after completing his education?", "id": "56d315d159d6e41400146223", "answers": [{"text": "Vienna", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many public performances did Chopin do where he made his debut after completing his education?", "id": "56d315d159d6e41400146224", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many weeks after completing school was it before Chopin made his public debut?", "id": "56d315d159d6e41400146225", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Back in Warsaw that year, Chopin heard Niccol\u00f2 Paganini play the violin, and composed a set of variations, Souvenir de Paganini. It may have been this experience which encouraged him to commence writing his first \u00c9tudes, (1829\u201332), exploring the capacities of his own instrument. On 11 August, three weeks after completing his studies at the Warsaw Conservatory, he made his debut in Vienna. He gave two piano concerts and received many favourable reviews\u2014in addition to some commenting (in Chopin's own words) that he was \"too delicate for those accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists\". In one of these concerts, he premiered his Variations on L\u00e0 ci darem la mano, Op. 2 (variations on an aria from Mozart's opera Don Giovanni) for piano and orchestra. He returned to Warsaw in September 1829, where he premiered his Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21 on 17 March 1830."}], ["Empat asrama di pangsapuri ibu bapanya menjadi intim dengan Chopin: Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomucen Bia\u0142ob\u0142ocki, Jan Matuszy\u0144ski dan Julian Fontana; dua yang terakhir akan menjadi sebahagian daripada lingkungan Parisnya. Dia ramah dengan ahli-ahli dunia seni dan intelektual muda Warsawa, termasuk Fontana, J\u00f3zef Bohdan Zaleski dan Stefan Witwicki. Dia juga tertarik kepada pelajar penyanyi Konstancja G\u0142adkowska. Dalam surat-surat kepada Woyciechowski, beliau menyatakan yang mana karya-karyanya, dan juga mana-mana ayat mereka, dipengaruhi oleh kehebatannya dengannya; suratnya 15 Mei 1830 mendedahkan bahawa pergerakan perlahan (Larghetto) Piano Concerto No. 1 (dalam E minor) diam-diam didedikasikan kepadanya - \"Harus seperti bermimpi di musim semi yang indah - oleh cahaya bulan.\" Laporan Konservatori terakhirnya (Julai 1829) membaca: \"Chopin F., pelajar tahun ketiga, bakat luar biasa, jenius muzikal.\" <> Daripada individu-individu yang menjadi intim dengan Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric semasa mereka menginap di pangsapuri keluarga, yang mana dua menjadi sebahagian daripada persekitaran sosial Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric di Paris? || Jan Matuszy\u0144ski dan Julian Fontana <> Penyanyi mana yang diperkatakan secara khusus sebagai seseorang Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric tertarik? || Konstancja G\u0142adkowska <> Apa empat orang lelaki dari rumah tumpangan keluarganya berkawan dengan Chopin? || Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomucen Bia\u0142ob\u0142ocki, Jan Matuszy\u0144ski dan Julian Fontana <> Penyanyi mana yang Chopin menjadi terpesona dengan? || Konstancja G\u0142adkowska <> Antara karya Chopin yang tidak disedari oleh Gladkowska? || Piano Concerto No. 1 (dalam E minor) <> Bilakah Chopin menerima laporan Konservatori terakhirnya? || Julai 1829 <> Yang mana dua kawan Chopin menjadi sebahagian dari lingkungan Parisnya? || Jan Matuszy\u0144ski dan Julian Fontana <> Apa nama pelajar nyanyian Chopin yang tertarik? || Konstancja G\u0142adkowska <> Kepada siapa yang didedahkan oleh Chopin dalam surat-surat yang mana sebahagian dari karyanya tentang pelajar menyanyi dia sangat gemar? || Tytus Woyciechowski <> Apa alat musik yang mempunyai Larghetto yang didedikasikan untuk pelajar nyanyian wanita Chopin yang mengasyikkan? || Piano Concerto No. 1 (dalam E minor) <> Berapa banyak asrama rumah tumpangan keluarganya menjadi kawan rapat dengan Chopin? || Empat", {"qas": [{"question": "Of the individuals that became intimate with Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric during their stay at the family apartments, which two became part of Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's social environment in Paris?", "id": "56cbe9436d243a140015eddf", "answers": [{"text": "Jan Matuszy\u0144ski and Julian Fontana", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which singer was cited specifically as someone Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric was attracted to?", "id": "56cbe9436d243a140015ede0", "answers": [{"text": "Konstancja G\u0142adkowska", "answer_start": 392}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What four boys from his family's boarding house became friends with Chopin?", "id": "56cf67c74df3c31400b0d72d", "answers": [{"text": "Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomucen Bia\u0142ob\u0142ocki, Jan Matuszy\u0144ski and Julian Fontana", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which singer did Chopin become fascinated with?", "id": "56cf67c74df3c31400b0d72e", "answers": [{"text": "Konstancja G\u0142adkowska", "answer_start": 392}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of Chopin's works was unknowingly dedicated to Gladkowska?", "id": "56cf67c74df3c31400b0d72f", "answers": [{"text": "Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor)", "answer_start": 633}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Chopin receive his last Conservatory report?", "id": "56cf67c74df3c31400b0d730", "answers": [{"text": "July 1829", "answer_start": 799}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two of Chopin's friends became part of his Paris milieu?", "id": "56d313b559d6e4140014620e", "answers": [{"text": "Jan Matuszy\u0144ski and Julian Fontana", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the singing student Chopin was attracted to?", "id": "56d313b559d6e4140014620f", "answers": [{"text": "Konstancja G\u0142adkowska", "answer_start": 392}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To whom did Chopin reveal in letters which parts of his work were about the singing student he was infatuated with?", "id": "56d313b559d6e41400146210", "answers": [{"text": "Tytus Woyciechowski", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What musical piece had a Larghetto dedicated to the female singing student Chopin was infatuated with?", "id": "56d313b559d6e41400146211", "answers": [{"text": "Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor)", "answer_start": 633}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many boarders of his family's boarding house became intimate friends with Chopin?", "id": "56d313b559d6e41400146212", "answers": [{"text": "Four", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Four boarders at his parents' apartments became Chopin's intimates: Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomucen Bia\u0142ob\u0142ocki, Jan Matuszy\u0144ski and Julian Fontana; the latter two would become part of his Paris milieu. He was friendly with members of Warsaw's young artistic and intellectual world, including Fontana, J\u00f3zef Bohdan Zaleski and Stefan Witwicki. He was also attracted to the singing student Konstancja G\u0142adkowska. In letters to Woyciechowski, he indicated which of his works, and even which of their passages, were influenced by his fascination with her; his letter of 15 May 1830 revealed that the slow movement (Larghetto) of his Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor) was secretly dedicated to her \u2013 \"It should be like dreaming in beautiful springtime \u2013 by moonlight.\" His final Conservatory report (July 1829) read: \"Chopin F., third-year student, exceptional talent, musical genius.\""}], ["Pada akhir tahun 1831, Chopin menerima sokongan utama pertama dari kontemporari yang luar biasa ketika Robert Schumann, meninjau Op. 2 Variasi dalam Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung (artikel pertama diterbitkan pada muzik), menyatakan: \"Hats off, puan-puan! Seorang jenius.\" Pada 26 Februari 1832 Chopin memberikan konsert debut Paris di Salle Pleyel yang menarik kekaguman sejagat. Pengkritik Fran\u00e7ois-Joseph F\u00e9tis menulis dalam Musical Revue et gazette: \"Ini adalah seorang lelaki muda yang ... tidak mengambil model, telah menemui, jika tidak pembaharuan lengkap piano muzik, ... banyak idea asal dari Baik untuk ditemui di mana-mana ... \"Selepas konsert ini, Chopin menyedari bahawa teknik papan kekunci intim intinya tidak optimum untuk ruang konsert yang besar. Pada tahun itu, dia diperkenalkan kepada keluarga perbankan Rothschild yang kaya, yang juga membuka pintu untuknya ke salon swasta lain (perhimpunan kaum bangsawan dan elit seni dan literatur). Menjelang akhir tahun 1832 Chopin telah menubuhkan dirinya di kalangan elit muzik Paris, dan telah mendapat penghormatan terhadap rakan-rakannya seperti Hiller, Liszt, dan Berlioz. Beliau tidak lagi bergantung kepada kewangannya atas bapanya, dan pada musim sejuk tahun 1832 ia mula memperoleh pendapatan tampan daripada menerbitkan karya-karyanya dan mengajar piano kepada murid-murid mewah dari seluruh Eropah. Ini membebaskannya daripada pelbagai penyerahan konsert awam, yang dia tidak suka. <> Siapa yang memberikan Fred\u00e9ric kelulusan umum yang pertama kepadanya mengenai komposisinya? || Robert Schumann <> Pada tarikh apa Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric memberikan pertunjukan pertamanya di Salle Pleyel? || 26 Februari 1832 <> Apa yang dinyatakan sebagai halangan untuk keupayaan Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric untuk melakukan di ruang konsert yang besar? || teknik papan kekunci intim <> Siapa yang Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric bergantung kepada kewangan sebelum memperoleh pendapatan yang besar daripada karya-karyanya? || ayahnya <> Dari siapakah Chopin menerima pengesahan besarnya yang pertama? || Robert Schumann <> Bilakah debut Chopin di Salle Pleyel? || 26 Februari 1832 <> Apa keluarga mewah yang Chopin mendapat sokongan? || Rothschild <> Bilakah Chopin menerima sokongan utama pertamanya dari Robert Schumann? || 1831 <> Apa yang menyedari Chopin tidak sesuai untuk ruang yang lebih besar selepas konsert pertama yang berjaya di Paris? || teknik papan kekunci <> Setelah Chopin berhenti melakukan konsert, bagaimana dia memperoleh pendapatannya? || menerbitkan karya-karyanya dan mengajar piano kepada pelajar mewah", {"qas": [{"question": "Who gave Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric his first significant public approval in regards to his compositions?", "id": "56cbf7d16d243a140015ee22", "answers": [{"text": "Robert Schumann", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric give his first performance at the Salle Pleyel?", "id": "56cbf7d16d243a140015ee23", "answers": [{"text": "26 February 1832", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is stated as a hindrance for Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's ability to perform in large concert spaces?", "id": "56cbf7d16d243a140015ee24", "answers": [{"text": "intimate keyboard technique", "answer_start": 683}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric rely upon financially before earning a great income from his works?", "id": "56cbf7d16d243a140015ee25", "answers": [{"text": "his father", "answer_start": 1166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From whom did Chopin receive his first big endorsement?", "id": "56cf70c74df3c31400b0d799", "answers": [{"text": "Robert Schumann", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Chopin debut at Salle Pleyel ?", "id": "56cf70c74df3c31400b0d79a", "answers": [{"text": "26 February 1832", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What affluent family did Chopin gain a patronage from?", "id": "56cf70c74df3c31400b0d79c", "answers": [{"text": "Rothschild", "answer_start": 802}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Chopin receive his first major endorsement from Robert Schumann?", "id": "56d31bfb59d6e4140014624e", "answers": [{"text": "1831", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Chopin realize was not ideal for larger spaces after his first successful concert in Paris?", "id": "56d31bfb59d6e41400146250", "answers": [{"text": "keyboard technique", "answer_start": 692}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Once Chopin stopped performing concerts, how did he earn his income?", "id": "56d31bfb59d6e41400146252", "answers": [{"text": "publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students", "answer_start": 1244}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At the end of 1831, Chopin received the first major endorsement from an outstanding contemporary when Robert Schumann, reviewing the Op. 2 Variations in the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung (his first published article on music), declared: \"Hats off, gentlemen! A genius.\" On 26 February 1832 Chopin gave a debut Paris concert at the Salle Pleyel which drew universal admiration. The critic Fran\u00e7ois-Joseph F\u00e9tis wrote in the Revue et gazette musicale: \"Here is a young man who ... taking no model, has found, if not a complete renewal of piano music, ... an abundance of original ideas of a kind to be found nowhere else ...\" After this concert, Chopin realized that his essentially intimate keyboard technique was not optimal for large concert spaces. Later that year he was introduced to the wealthy Rothschild banking family, whose patronage also opened doors for him to other private salons (social gatherings of the aristocracy and artistic and literary elite). By the end of 1832 Chopin had established himself among the Parisian musical elite, and had earned the respect of his peers such as Hiller, Liszt, and Berlioz. He no longer depended financially upon his father, and in the winter of 1832 he began earning a handsome income from publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students from all over Europe. This freed him from the strains of public concert-giving, which he disliked."}], ["Di pengebumian tenunan Adolphe Nourrit di Paris pada tahun 1839, Chopin membuat penampilan jarang di organ itu, memainkan transkripsi Franz Schubert yang berbohong Die Gestirne. Pada 26 Julai 1840, Chopin dan Sand hadir pada persembahan gaun Grande symphonie fun\u00e8bre et triomphale Berlioz, yang disusun untuk memperingati ulang tahun kesepuluh Revolusi Julai. Chopin dilaporkan tidak terkesan dengan komposisi itu. <> Acara apa Chopin dan Sand pada 26 Julai 1840? || Berlioz's Grande symphonie fun\u00e8bre et triomphale <> Apa ulang tahun ialah Revolusi Julai yang Sand dan Chopin hadir pada latihan berpakaian? || kesepuluh <> Di mana pengebumiannya bermain Chopin pada tahun 1839? || Adolphe Nourrit <> Apa instrumen yang dimainkan Chopin di pengebumian Adolphe Nourrit? || organ <> Apa bahagian yang bermain Chopin di pemakaman Adolphe Nourrit? || Franz Schubert berbohong Die Gestirne <> Chopin menghadiri pengebumian yang pada tahun 1839? || Adolphe Nourrit <> Apa yang bermain Chopin di pengebumian? || Die Gestirne berbohong Franz Schubert. <> Apakah latihan berpakaian? || Berlioz's Grande symphonie fun\u00e8bre et triomphale <> Ia adalah dalam peringatan ulang tahun kesepuluh? || Revolusi Julai.", {"qas": [{"question": "What event were Chopin and Sand at on 26 July 1840?", "id": "56cc0f056d243a140015ee83", "answers": [{"text": "Berlioz's Grande symphonie fun\u00e8bre et triomphale", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What anniversary was the July Revolution that Sand and Chopin were present at a dress rehearsal for?", "id": "56cc0f056d243a140015ee84", "answers": [{"text": "tenth", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At whose funeral did Chopin play in 1839?", "id": "56cfdf00234ae51400d9bfc7", "answers": [{"text": "Adolphe Nourrit", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What instrument did Chopin play at  Adolphe Nourrit's funeral?", "id": "56cfdf00234ae51400d9bfc8", "answers": [{"text": "organ", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What piece did Chopin play at  Adolphe Nourrit's funeral?", "id": "56cfdf00234ae51400d9bfc9", "answers": [{"text": "Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin attended the funeral of who in 1839?", "id": "56d34dea59d6e414001462b0", "answers": [{"text": "Adolphe Nourrit", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Chopin play at the funeral?", "id": "56d34dea59d6e414001462b1", "answers": [{"text": "Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne.", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the dress rehearsal for?", "id": "56d34dea59d6e414001462b3", "answers": [{"text": "Berlioz's Grande symphonie fun\u00e8bre et triomphale", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "It was in commemoration of the tenth anniversary of what?", "id": "56d34dea59d6e414001462b4", "answers": [{"text": "the July Revolution.", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit in Paris in 1839, Chopin made a rare appearance at the organ, playing a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne. On 26 July 1840 Chopin and Sand were present at the dress rehearsal of Berlioz's Grande symphonie fun\u00e8bre et triomphale, composed to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution. Chopin was reportedly unimpressed with the composition."}], ["Pada 3 Disember, Chopin mengadu mengenai kesihatannya yang tidak baik dan ketidakcekapan doktor di Majorca: \"Tiga doktor telah melawat saya ... Yang pertama berkata saya telah mati, yang kedua berkata saya mati, dan yang ketiga berkata saya hampir mati. \" Dia juga menghadapi masalah dengan membawa piano Pleyel kepadanya. Ia akhirnya tiba dari Paris pada bulan Disember. Chopin menulis kepada Pleyel pada bulan Januari 1839: \"Saya menghantar anda Preludes saya [(Op. 28)] Saya menyelesaikan mereka pada piano kecil anda, yang tiba dalam keadaan yang terbaik walaupun di laut, cuaca buruk dan Palma Kastam.\" Chopin juga dapat melakukan kerja pada Ballade No. 2, Op. 38; dua Polonais, Op. 40; dan Scherzo No. 3, Op. 39. <> Berapa banyak doktor melihat Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric pada 3 Disember? || Tiga <> Apa yang Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric mempunyai masalah bermain akibat penyakitnya? || piano <> Keadaan apa yang Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric menggambarkan piano yang sampai kepadanya melalui banyak halangan berbahaya? || keadaan terbaik <> Berapa banyak doktor melawat Chopin? || 3 <> Bulan berapakah piano Chopin tiba? || Disember <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh Chopin? || kesihatannya yang buruk <> Apa yang Chopin mempunyai masa yang sukar dihantar ke Majorca? || piano Pleyel <> Berapa bulan Popeel piano Chopin tiba di Majorca? || Disember <> Siapa yang Chopin menghantar Preludes ke? || Pleyel", {"qas": [{"question": "How many doctors saw Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric by the 3rd of December?", "id": "56cc08eb6d243a140015ee6e", "answers": [{"text": "Three", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric have trouble playing as a result of his growing illness?", "id": "56cc08eb6d243a140015ee6f", "answers": [{"text": "piano", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What condition did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric describe the piano that arrived to him through many dangerous obstacles?", "id": "56cc08eb6d243a140015ee70", "answers": [{"text": "best possible condition", "answer_start": 475}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many doctors visited Chopin?", "id": "56cfddc4234ae51400d9bfa1", "answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What month did Chopin's piano arrive?", "id": "56cfddc4234ae51400d9bfa2", "answers": [{"text": "December", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Chopin compalin about?", "id": "56d347fb59d6e4140014629c", "answers": [{"text": "his bad health", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Chopin have a hard time getting delivered to Majorca?", "id": "56d347fb59d6e4140014629d", "answers": [{"text": "his Pleyel piano", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What month did Chopin's Pleyel piano arrive in Majorca?", "id": "56d347fb59d6e4140014629f", "answers": [{"text": "December", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Chopin send his Preludes to?", "id": "56d347fb59d6e414001462a0", "answers": [{"text": "Pleyel", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 3 December, Chopin complained about his bad health and the incompetence of the doctors in Majorca: \"Three doctors have visited me ... The first said I was dead; the second said I was dying; and the third said I was about to die.\" He also had problems having his Pleyel piano sent to him. It finally arrived from Paris in December. Chopin wrote to Pleyel in January 1839: \"I am sending you my Preludes [(Op. 28)]. I finished them on your little piano, which arrived in the best possible condition in spite of the sea, the bad weather and the Palma customs.\" Chopin was also able to undertake work on his Ballade No. 2, Op. 38; two Polonaises, Op. 40; and the Scherzo No. 3, Op. 39."}], ["Walaupun ia tidak diketahui dengan tepat ketika Chopin pertama bertemu Liszt setelah tiba di Paris, pada 12 Disember 1831 ia menyebut dalam surat kepada temannya Woyciechowski bahwa \"Saya telah bertemu dengan Rossini, Cherubini, Baillot, dan lain-lain-juga Kalkbrenner. bagaimana saya ingin tahu mengenai Herz, Liszt, Hiller, dan lain-lain \" Liszt telah hadir di debut pertama Chopin di Paris pada 26 Februari 1832 di Salle Pleyel, yang mengarahkan beliau untuk berkata: \"Tepukan yang paling kuat seolah-olah tidak cukup untuk keghairahan kami di hadapan pemuzik berbakat ini, yang mendedahkan fasa puitis baru sentimen yang digabungkan dengan inovasi gembira dalam bentuk seninya. \" <> Siapa yang menerima surat Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric yang dia tulis pada 12 Disember 1831? || Woyciechowski <> Apa tiga nama yang dinyatakan dalam surat Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric bahawa dia telah menunjukkan minat dan rasa ingin tahu? || Herz, Liszt, Hiller <> Siapa yang dinyatakan hadir dalam pertunjukan pertama Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric di Salle Pleyel pada 26 Februari 1832? || Liszt <> Apakah tarikh yang pertama melihat Chopin lakukan? || 26 Februari 1832 <> Rakan mana yang menerima surat di mana Chopin merujuk Liszt? || Woyciechowski <> Di mana konsert pertama Chopin di Paris diadakan? || Salle Pleyel", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the recipient of Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's letter he wrote on 12 December 1831?", "id": "56cbfcda6d243a140015ee40", "answers": [{"text": "Woyciechowski", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the three names stated in Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's letter that he had shown interest and curiosity in?", "id": "56cbfcda6d243a140015ee41", "answers": [{"text": "Herz, Liszt, Hiller", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is stated as being in attendance of Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's first performance at the Salle Pleyel on 26 February 1832?", "id": "56cbfcda6d243a140015ee42", "answers": [{"text": "Liszt", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the date that LIszt first saw Chopin perform?", "id": "56cf75c64df3c31400b0d7d9", "answers": [{"text": "26 February 1832", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which friend received the letter in which Chopin referenced Liszt?", "id": "56d3202159d6e4140014626d", "answers": [{"text": "Woyciechowski", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Chopin's first concert in Paris held?", "id": "56d3202159d6e4140014626f", "answers": [{"text": "the Salle Pleyel", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although it is not known exactly when Chopin first met Liszt after arriving in Paris, on 12 December 1831 he mentioned in a letter to his friend Woyciechowski that \"I have met Rossini, Cherubini, Baillot, etc.\u2014also Kalkbrenner. You would not believe how curious I was about Herz, Liszt, Hiller, etc.\" Liszt was in attendance at Chopin's Parisian debut on 26 February 1832 at the Salle Pleyel, which led him to remark: \"The most vigorous applause seemed not to suffice to our enthusiasm in the presence of this talented musician, who revealed a new phase of poetic sentiment combined with such happy innovation in the form of his art.\""}], ["Walaupun tempoh ini telah produktif, cuaca buruk itu memberi kesan buruk terhadap kesihatan Chopin bahawa Pasir bertekad untuk meninggalkan pulau tersebut. Untuk mengelakkan duti kastam, Sand dijual piano kepada pasangan Perancis tempatan, Canuts. [8] Kumpulan itu mengembara pertama ke Barcelona, kemudian ke Marseilles, di mana mereka tinggal selama beberapa bulan sementara Chopin bersahabat. Pada bulan Mei 1839, mereka menuju musim panas ke estet Sand di Nohant, di mana mereka menghabiskan musim panas sehingga tahun 1846. Pada musim gugur mereka kembali ke Paris, di mana pangsapuri Chopin di 5 rue Tronchet berada berdekatan dengan penginapan sewa Sand di rue Pigalle. Dia kerap melawat Sand pada waktu petang, tetapi kedua-duanya mengekalkan kemerdekaan. Pada tahun 1842 ia dan Pasir berpindah ke Square d'Orl\u00e9ans, yang tinggal di bangunan bersebelahan. <> Apa yang dinyatakan sebagai mempunyai kesan negatif terhadap kesihatan Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric semasa masa produktif ini? || cuaca buruk <> Apa kebudayaan orang Perancis lakukan Pasir menjual piano? || Canuts <> Apa bandar yang pergi ke kumpulan untuk membantu Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric pulih? || Marseilles <> Di mana harta tanah Pasir berada di mana mereka tinggal untuk musim panas sehingga tahun 1846? || Nohant <> Di mana Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric dan Sand pindah ke tahun 1842 di bangunan bersebelahan? || Square d'Orl\u00e9ans <> Siapa yang menjual Pasir untuk menjual piano Chopin? || Canuts <> Di mana kumpulan itu pergi ke selepas Barcelona? || Marseilles <> Di manakah rumah Sand? || Nohant <> Selepas kembali ke Paris di mana pangsapuri Chopin? || 5 rue Tronchet <> Pada tahun 1842, apakah langkah Chopin dan Sand? || Square d'Orl\u00e9ans <> Apakah kesan negatif terhadap kesihatan Chopin? || cuaca buruk <> Siapa yang Pasir menjual piano? || Canuts. <> Di mana mereka pergi selepas meninggalkan Barcelona? || Marseilles <> Di manakah Chopin dan Sand pindah ke tahun 1842? || Square d'Orl\u00e9ans <> Di manakah mereka menghabiskan musim panas sehingga 1846? || Nohant", {"qas": [{"question": "What is stated as having a negative effect on Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's health during this productive time?", "id": "56cc0d816d243a140015ee78", "answers": [{"text": "bad weather", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What culture of French people did Sand sell the piano to?", "id": "56cc0d816d243a140015ee79", "answers": [{"text": "Canuts", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city did the group travel to in order to help Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric recover?", "id": "56cc0d816d243a140015ee7a", "answers": [{"text": "Marseilles", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Sand's estate located where they stayed for the summers until 1846?", "id": "56cc0d816d243a140015ee7b", "answers": [{"text": "Nohant", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric and Sand move to in 1842 in buildings next to each other?", "id": "56cc0d816d243a140015ee7c", "answers": [{"text": "Square d'Orl\u00e9ans", "answer_start": 726}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Sand sell Chopin's piano to?", "id": "56cfde92234ae51400d9bfb7", "answers": [{"text": "the Canuts", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the group travel to after Barcelona?", "id": "56cfde92234ae51400d9bfb8", "answers": [{"text": "Marseilles", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Sand's home?", "id": "56cfde92234ae51400d9bfb9", "answers": [{"text": "Nohant", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After returning to Paris where was Chopin's apartment?", "id": "56cfde92234ae51400d9bfba", "answers": [{"text": "5 rue Tronchet", "answer_start": 536}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1842 where did Chopin and Sand move?", "id": "56cfde92234ae51400d9bfbb", "answers": [{"text": "Square d'Orl\u00e9ans", "answer_start": 726}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What had a negative effect on Chopin's health?", "id": "56d34c7c59d6e414001462a6", "answers": [{"text": "the bad weather", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Sand sell the piano to?", "id": "56d34c7c59d6e414001462a7", "answers": [{"text": "the Canuts.", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did they travel after leaving Barcelona?", "id": "56d34c7c59d6e414001462a8", "answers": [{"text": "Marseilles", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Chopin and Sand move to in 1842?", "id": "56d34c7c59d6e414001462a9", "answers": [{"text": "Square d'Orl\u00e9ans", "answer_start": 726}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did they spend most summers until 1846?", "id": "56d34c7c59d6e414001462aa", "answers": [{"text": "Nohant", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although this period had been productive, the bad weather had such a detrimental effect on Chopin's health that Sand determined to leave the island. To avoid further customs duties, Sand sold the piano to a local French couple, the Canuts.[n 8] The group traveled first to Barcelona, then to Marseilles, where they stayed for a few months while Chopin convalesced. In May 1839 they headed for the summer to Sand's estate at Nohant, where they spent most summers until 1846. In autumn they returned to Paris, where Chopin's apartment at 5 rue Tronchet was close to Sand's rented accommodation at the rue Pigalle. He frequently visited Sand in the evenings, but both retained some independence. In 1842 he and Sand moved to the Square d'Orl\u00e9ans, living in adjacent buildings."}], ["Kedua-dua mereka menjadi kawan, dan selama bertahun-tahun tinggal di Paris, Chopin di 38 Rue de la Chauss\u00e9e-d'Antin, dan Liszt di H\u00f4tel de France di Rue Lafitte, beberapa blok jauhnya. Mereka tampil bersama-sama tujuh kali antara 1833 dan 1841. Pada 2 April 1833, konsert pertama yang dianjurkan oleh Hector Berlioz sebagai isteri pelakon Shakespeare bangkrut Harriet Smithson, di mana mereka memainkan Sonata George Onslow di F minor untuk piano duet . Kemudian penampilan bersama termasuk konsert manfaat untuk Persatuan Benevolent Ladies Polish di Paris. Penampilan terakhir mereka bersama-sama di khalayak ramai adalah untuk konsert amal yang diadakan untuk Memorial Beethoven di Bonn, yang diadakan di Salle Pleyel dan Konservatori Paris pada 25 dan 26 April 1841. <> Apa alamat Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric tinggal semasa dia tinggal di Paris? || 38 Rue de la Chauss\u00e9e-d'Antin <> Seberapa jauh di jalan raya Liszt hidup dari Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric pada masa ini? || beberapa blok <> Berapa kali Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric dan Liszt berkolaborasi dalam persembahan selama tahun 1833 hingga 1841? || tujuh <> Untuk manfaatnya adalah yang pertama konsert ini dilakukan pada 2 April 1833? || Harriet Smithson <> Di mana dua pertubuhan adalah yang terakhir dalam persembahan ini pada 25 dan 26 April 1841? || Salle Pleyel dan Konservatori Paris <> Kapan pertama kali Liszt dan Chopin tampil bersama? || 2 April 1833 <> Apa amal yang dilakukan oleh Liszt dan Chopin? || Memorial Beethoven di Bonn <> Di mana Liszt dan Chopin bertanding bersama? || Salle Pleyel dan Konservatori Paris <> Ketika Liszt tinggal dekat dengan Chopin, di mana dia memanggil pulang? || H\u00f4tel de France di Rue Lafitte <> Berapa kali Chopin dan Liszy tampil bersama di khalayak ramai? || tujuh <> Siapa yang membuat konsert pertama Chopin dan Liszt mendapat manfaat? || Harriet Smithson", {"qas": [{"question": "What address did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric live at during his stay in Paris?", "id": "56cbff116d243a140015ee46", "answers": [{"text": "38 Rue de la Chauss\u00e9e-d'Antin", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How far down the road did Liszt live from Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric during this time?", "id": "56cbff116d243a140015ee47", "answers": [{"text": "a few blocks", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric and Liszt collaborate in performances during the years of 1833 to 1841?", "id": "56cbff116d243a140015ee48", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For whose benefit was the first of these concerts performed for on 2 April 1833?", "id": "56cbff116d243a140015ee49", "answers": [{"text": "Harriet Smithson", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At which two establishments was the last of these performances conducted at on 25 and 26 April 1841?", "id": "56cbff116d243a140015ee4a", "answers": [{"text": "Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory", "answer_start": 709}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the first time Liszt and Chopin performed together?", "id": "56cf7c234df3c31400b0d832", "answers": [{"text": "2 April 1833", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the charity that Liszt and Chopin last performed for?", "id": "56cf7c234df3c31400b0d834", "answers": [{"text": "the Beethoven Memorial in Bonn", "answer_start": 665}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Liszt and Chopin last perform together?", "id": "56cf7c234df3c31400b0d835", "answers": [{"text": "Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory", "answer_start": 709}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When Liszt lived close to Chopin, where did he call home?", "id": "56d320bf59d6e41400146274", "answers": [{"text": "the H\u00f4tel de France on the Rue Lafitte", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times did Chopin and Liszy perform together in public?", "id": "56d320bf59d6e41400146276", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the first concert of Chopin and Liszt benefit?", "id": "56d320bf59d6e41400146277", "answers": [{"text": "Harriet Smithson", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The two became friends, and for many years lived in close proximity in Paris, Chopin at 38 Rue de la Chauss\u00e9e-d'Antin, and Liszt at the H\u00f4tel de France on the Rue Lafitte, a few blocks away. They performed together on seven occasions between 1833 and 1841. The first, on 2 April 1833, was at a benefit concert organized by Hector Berlioz for his bankrupt Shakespearean actress wife Harriet Smithson, during which they played George Onslow's Sonata in F minor for piano duet. Later joint appearances included a benefit concert for the Benevolent Association of Polish Ladies in Paris. Their last appearance together in public was for a charity concert conducted for the Beethoven Memorial in Bonn, held at the Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory on 25 and 26 April 1841."}], ["Pada 1836, di sebuah pesta yang dihoskan oleh Marie d'Agoult, Chopin bertemu dengan pengarang Perancis George Sand (lahir [Amantine] Aurore [Lucile] Dupin). Pendek (kurang daripada lima kaki, atau 152 cm), gelap, bermata besar dan perokok cerut, dia pada mulanya menangkis Chopin, yang berkata, \"Apa orang yang tidak menarik la Sand? Adakah dia seorang wanita?\" Bagaimanapun, pada awal 1837 ibu Maria Wodzi\u0144ska telah membuatnya jelas kepada Chopin dalam surat-menyurat bahawa perkahwinan dengan anak perempuannya tidak mungkin diteruskan. Adalah difikirkan bahawa dia dipengaruhi oleh kesihatannya yang kurang baik dan mungkin juga dengan khabar angin mengenai persatuannya dengan wanita seperti d'Agoult dan Pasir. Chopin akhirnya meletakkan huruf dari Maria dan ibunya dalam satu pakej yang dia tulis, dalam bahasa Poland, \"Tragedi saya\". Pasir, dalam surat kepada Grzyma\u0142a pada bulan Jun 1838, mengakui perasaan kuat bagi komposer dan membahaskan sama ada untuk melepaskan hubungan semasa untuk memulakan hubungan dengan Chopin; dia meminta Grzyma\u0142a untuk menilai hubungan Chopin dengan Maria Wodzi\u0144ska, tanpa menyedari bahawa urusan itu, sekurang-kurangnya dari sisi Maria, sudah berakhir. <> Siapa yang menjadi tuan rumah perhimpunan di mana Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric diperkenalkan kepada George Sand? || Marie d'Agoult <> Apa label Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric tempat dia meletakkan Maria dan surat ibunya tentang perkahwinan yang tidak mungkin? || Tragedi saya <> Siapa yang menulis George Sand apabila mengakui mempunyai kasih sayang yang kuat untuk Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric? || Grzyma\u0142a <> Apa nama pengarang Chopin bertemu pada perhimpunan yang dipakai oleh Marie d'Agoult? || George Sand <> Apa alasan yang mungkin untuk penglibatan Chopin gagal untuk Maria Wodzi\u0144ska? || kesihatannya yang buruk <> Apa yang ditulis Chopin di dalam kotak surat dari Maria dan ibunya? || Tragedi saya <> Siapa yang menjadi tuan rumah parti Chopin bertemu George Sand? || Marie d'Agoult <> Berapa tahun ibu Maria Wodzi\u0144ska memberitahu Chopin bahawa dia mungkin tidak akan berkahwin dengan anak perempuannya? || 1837 <> Apa yang ditulis Chopin pada pakej yang mengandungi surat dari Maria dan ibunya? || Tragedi saya <> Siapa yang Sand confide dalam surat tentang perasaannya untuk Chopin pada bulan Jun, 1838? || Grzyma\u0142a", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the host of the gathering where Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric was introduced to George Sand?", "id": "56cc06496d243a140015ee5a", "answers": [{"text": "Marie d'Agoult", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric label the place in which he placed Maria and her mother's letters about the unlikely marriage?", "id": "56cc06496d243a140015ee5d", "answers": [{"text": "My tragedy", "answer_start": 713}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did George Sand write to when admitting having a strong affection for Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric?", "id": "56cc06496d243a140015ee5e", "answers": [{"text": "Grzyma\u0142a", "answer_start": 747}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the author Chopin met at a gathering put on by Marie d'Agoult?", "id": "56cfdc7f234ae51400d9bf8b", "answers": [{"text": "George Sand", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was a possible reason for Chopin's failed engagement to Maria Wodzi\u0144ska?", "id": "56cfdc7f234ae51400d9bf8e", "answers": [{"text": "his poor health", "answer_start": 503}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Chopin write on the box of letters from Maria and her mother?", "id": "56cfdc7f234ae51400d9bf8f", "answers": [{"text": "My tragedy", "answer_start": 713}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who hosted the party whre Chopin met George Sand?", "id": "56d3234159d6e41400146288", "answers": [{"text": "Marie d'Agoult", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Maria Wodzi\u0144ska's mother tell Chopin that he likely would not marry her daughter?", "id": "56d3234159d6e41400146289", "answers": [{"text": "1837", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Chopin write on the package that contained letters from Maria and her mother?", "id": "56d3234159d6e4140014628b", "answers": [{"text": "My tragedy", "answer_start": 713}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Sand confide to in a letter about her feelings for Chopin in June, 1838?", "id": "56d3234159d6e4140014628c", "answers": [{"text": "Grzyma\u0142a", "answer_start": 747}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1836, at a party hosted by Marie d'Agoult, Chopin met the French author George Sand (born [Amantine] Aurore [Lucile] Dupin). Short (under five feet, or 152 cm), dark, big-eyed and a cigar smoker, she initially repelled Chopin, who remarked, \"What an unattractive person la Sand is. Is she really a woman?\" However, by early 1837 Maria Wodzi\u0144ska's mother had made it clear to Chopin in correspondence that a marriage with her daughter was unlikely to proceed. It is thought that she was influenced by his poor health and possibly also by rumours about his associations with women such as d'Agoult and Sand. Chopin finally placed the letters from Maria and her mother in a package on which he wrote, in Polish, \"My tragedy\". Sand, in a letter to Grzyma\u0142a of June 1838, admitted strong feelings for the composer and debated whether to abandon a current affair in order to begin a relationship with Chopin; she asked Grzyma\u0142a to assess Chopin's relationship with Maria Wodzi\u0144ska, without realising that the affair, at least from Maria's side, was over."}], ["Chopin jarang dilakukan secara terbuka di Paris. Pada tahun-tahun kemudian, dia pada umumnya memberikan satu konsert tahunan di Salle Pleyel, sebuah tempat yang duduk tiga ratus. Dia bermain lebih kerap di salon, tetapi bermain di apartmen sendiri di Paris untuk kumpulan teman-teman kecil. Ahli muzik yang bernama Arthur Hedley telah mengamati bahawa \"Sebagai seorang pemain piano Chopin adalah unik dalam memperoleh reputasi pesanan tertinggi atas dasar penampilan awam yang minimum-sedikit lebih daripada tiga puluh sepanjang hayatnya.\" Senarai pemuzik yang mengambil bahagian dalam beberapa konsertnya memberikan petunjuk tentang kekayaan kehidupan seni Paris pada masa ini. Contohnya termasuk konsert pada 23 Mac 1833, di mana Chopin, Liszt dan Hiller tampil (pada piano) konsert oleh J.S. Bach untuk tiga papan kekunci; dan pada 3 Mac 1838, sebuah konsert di mana Chopin, muridnya Adolphe Gutmann, Charles-Valentin Alkan, dan guru Alkan Joseph Zimmermann melakukan susunan Alkan, untuk lapan tangan, dari dua gerakan dari simfoni ke-7 Beethoven. Chopin juga terlibat dalam komposisi Liszt's Hexameron; dia menulis variasi keenam (dan akhir) pada tema Bellini. Muzik Chopin tidak lama lagi menemui kejayaan dengan penerbit, dan pada tahun 1833 ia berkontrak dengan Maurice Schlesinger, yang mengaturnya untuk diterbitkan tidak hanya di Perancis tetapi melalui sambungan keluarganya juga di Jerman dan England. <> Apa persekitaran kegemaran Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric untuk dimainkan? || apartmennya sendiri Paris untuk kumpulan kecil kawan <> Apa instrumen yang bermain Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric dalam pertunjukan pada 23 Mac 1833? || pianos <> Chopin memberikan persembahan tahunan di mana? || Salle Pleyel <> Chopin bekerja dengan Liszt pada bahagian apa? || Hexameron <> Pada tahun 1833 dengan siapa dengan kerja Chopin untuk menerbitkan muziknya? || Maurice Schlesinger <> Apa nama murid Chopin yang melakukan dengannya? || Adolphe Gutmann <> Di mana Chopin lebih suka bermain untuk orang? || apartmen <> Pada 23 Mac 1833, yang mengetuai dan melakukan dengan Chopin pada konsert? || Liszt and Hiller <> Siapa yang kontrak dengan Chopin untuk menerbitkan muziknya? || Maurice Schlesinger", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's favorite environment to perform in?", "id": "56cbfa0e6d243a140015ee2d", "answers": [{"text": "his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What instrument did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric play in a performance on 23 March 1833?", "id": "56cbfa0e6d243a140015ee2e", "answers": [{"text": "pianos", "answer_start": 738}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin gave a yearly performance where?", "id": "56cf75794df3c31400b0d7d1", "answers": [{"text": "Salle Pleyel", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin worked with Liszt on what piece?", "id": "56cf75794df3c31400b0d7d2", "answers": [{"text": "Hexameron", "answer_start": 1080}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1833 with whom with Chopin work to get his music published?", "id": "56cf75794df3c31400b0d7d3", "answers": [{"text": "Maurice Schlesinger", "answer_start": 1234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Chopin's pupil who performed with him?", "id": "56cf75794df3c31400b0d7d4", "answers": [{"text": "Adolphe Gutmann", "answer_start": 850}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Chopin prefer to play for people?", "id": "56d31dcb59d6e41400146259", "answers": [{"text": "apartment", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On March 23, 1833, who headlined and performed with Chopin at a concert?", "id": "56d31dcb59d6e4140014625b", "answers": [{"text": "Liszt and Hiller", "answer_start": 707}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Chopin contract with for publishing his music?", "id": "56d31dcb59d6e4140014625c", "answers": [{"text": "Maurice Schlesinger", "answer_start": 1234}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin seldom performed publicly in Paris. In later years he generally gave a single annual concert at the Salle Pleyel, a venue that seated three hundred. He played more frequently at salons, but preferred playing at his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends. The musicologist Arthur Hedley has observed that \"As a pianist Chopin was unique in acquiring a reputation of the highest order on the basis of a minimum of public appearances\u2014few more than thirty in the course of his lifetime.\" The list of musicians who took part in some of his concerts provides an indication of the richness of Parisian artistic life during this period. Examples include a concert on 23 March 1833, in which Chopin, Liszt and Hiller performed (on pianos) a concerto by J.S. Bach for three keyboards; and, on 3 March 1838, a concert in which Chopin, his pupil Adolphe Gutmann, Charles-Valentin Alkan, and Alkan's teacher Joseph Zimmermann performed Alkan's arrangement, for eight hands, of two movements from Beethoven's 7th symphony. Chopin was also involved in the composition of Liszt's Hexameron; he wrote the sixth (and final) variation on Bellini's theme. Chopin's music soon found success with publishers, and in 1833 he contracted with Maurice Schlesinger, who arranged for it to be published not only in France but, through his family connections, also in Germany and England."}], ["Walaupun kedua-duanya menunjukkan penghormatan dan kekaguman yang besar antara satu sama lain, persahabatan mereka tidak selesa dan mempunyai beberapa sifat hubungan cinta-benci. Harold C. Schonberg percaya bahawa Chopin memperlihatkan \"semangat cemburu dan kekecewaan\" terhadap kehebatan Liszt di piano, dan yang lain juga berpendapat bahawa dia telah menjadi terpesona dengan teater, pertunjukan dan kejayaan Liszt. Liszt adalah dedikasi dari Chopin's Op. 10 Etudes, dan persembahan mereka mendorong komposer untuk menulis kepada Hiller, \"Saya ingin merompak dia cara dia memainkan pengajian saya.\" Walau bagaimanapun, Chopin menyatakan kekecohan pada tahun 1843 apabila Liszt melakukan salah satu daripada nocturnesnya dengan tambahan banyak hiasan rumit, di mana Chopin berkata bahawa dia harus memainkan muzik seperti yang ditulis atau tidak bermain sama sekali, memaksa permintaan maaf. Kebanyakan penulis biografi Chopin menyatakan bahawa selepas ini kedua-dua tidak mempunyai kaitan dengan satu sama lain, walaupun dalam suratnya bertarikh pada lewat 1848 dia masih merujuk kepadanya sebagai \"rakan saya Liszt\". Sesetengah pengulas menunjuk kepada peristiwa-peristiwa dalam kehidupan romantis dua lelaki yang membawa kepada pergeseran antara mereka; terdapat tuntutan bahawa Liszt telah memperlihatkan kecemburuan obsesi perempuan simpanannya Marie d'Agoult dengan Chopin, sementara yang lain percaya bahawa Chopin telah menjadi khawatir tentang hubungan Liszt dengan George Sand. <> Istilah apa yang menggambarkan sifat hubungan antara Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric dan Liszt? || hubungan cinta-benci <> Apa tiga ciri Liszt dinyatakan telah menawan Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric? || theatricality, showmanship and success <> Apa yang Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric terima dari Liszt ketika yang terakhir melakukan nocturne dengan embellishments tertentu ditambahkan? || permintaan maaf <> Apa yang Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric memperkenalkan Liszt seperti ketika merujuk kepadanya dalam suratnya hingga 1848? || kawan saya Liszt <> Apa bahagian yang didedikasikan oleh Chopin kepada Liszt? || Op. 10 Etudes <> Apa nama perempuan simpanan Liszt? || Marie d'Agoult <> Siapa yang Chopin mendedikasikan Op. 10 Etudes untuk? || Liszt <> Siapa yang memohon maaf kepada Chopin kerana menambah perhiasan kepada sekeping muzik yang dia perforemed yang ditulis oleh Chopin? || Liszt <> Apa nama perempuan simpanan Liszt itu? || Marie d'Agoult <> Siapa yang menulis Chopin untuk memaparkan keinginannya untuk mengambil keupayaan pelukis untuk memainkan muziknya? || Hiller <> Apa nama lelaki yang biogrpahers fikir Chopin prihatin dengan hubungan Liszt yang semakin berkembang? || George Sand", {"qas": [{"question": "What term describes the qualities of the relationship between Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric and Liszt?", "id": "56cc02376d243a140015ee50", "answers": [{"text": "love-hate relationship", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What three qualities of Liszt are stated to have captivated Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric?", "id": "56cc02376d243a140015ee51", "answers": [{"text": "theatricality, showmanship and success", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric receive from Liszt when the latter performed a nocturne with certain embellishments added?", "id": "56cc02376d243a140015ee52", "answers": [{"text": "an apology", "answer_start": 805}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric introduce Liszt as in when referring to him in his letters up to 1848?", "id": "56cc02376d243a140015ee53", "answers": [{"text": "my friend Liszt", "answer_start": 983}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What piece did Chopin dedicate to Liszt?", "id": "56cfdb3e234ae51400d9bf7d", "answers": [{"text": "Op. 10 \u00c9tudes", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Liszt's mistress?", "id": "56cfdb3e234ae51400d9bf7f", "answers": [{"text": "Marie d'Agoult", "answer_start": 1168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Chopin dedicate the Op. 10 \u00c9tudes to?", "id": "56d3227259d6e4140014627e", "answers": [{"text": "Liszt", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who apologized to Chopin for adding embellishments to a musical piece he perforemed that was written by Chopin?", "id": "56d3227259d6e4140014627f", "answers": [{"text": "Liszt", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Liszt's mistress?", "id": "56d3227259d6e41400146280", "answers": [{"text": "Marie d'Agoult", "answer_start": 1168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Chopin write to displaying his desire to take away a performers ability to play his music?", "id": "56d3227259d6e41400146281", "answers": [{"text": "Hiller", "answer_start": 499}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the man who biogrpahers think Chopin was concerned about Liszt's growing relationship with?", "id": "56d3227259d6e41400146282", "answers": [{"text": "George Sand", "answer_start": 1302}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although the two displayed great respect and admiration for each other, their friendship was uneasy and had some qualities of a love-hate relationship. Harold C. Schonberg believes that Chopin displayed a \"tinge of jealousy and spite\" towards Liszt's virtuosity on the piano, and others have also argued that he had become enchanted with Liszt's theatricality, showmanship and success. Liszt was the dedicatee of Chopin's Op. 10 \u00c9tudes, and his performance of them prompted the composer to write to Hiller, \"I should like to rob him of the way he plays my studies.\" However, Chopin expressed annoyance in 1843 when Liszt performed one of his nocturnes with the addition of numerous intricate embellishments, at which Chopin remarked that he should play the music as written or not play it at all, forcing an apology. Most biographers of Chopin state that after this the two had little to do with each other, although in his letters dated as late as 1848 he still referred to him as \"my friend Liszt\". Some commentators point to events in the two men's romantic lives which led to a rift between them; there are claims that Liszt had displayed jealousy of his mistress Marie d'Agoult's obsession with Chopin, while others believe that Chopin had become concerned about Liszt's growing relationship with George Sand."}], ["Pada bulan Jun 1837 Chopin melawat London incognito di syarikat pengilang piano Camille Pleyel di mana dia bermain di sebuah soir\u00e9e muzik di rumah pembuat piano Inggeris James Broadwood. Apabila kembali ke Paris, persatuannya dengan Sand mula bersungguh-sungguh, dan pada akhir bulan Jun 1838 mereka menjadi pencinta. Sand, yang enam tahun lebih tua daripada komposer, dan yang telah mempunyai beberapa kekasih, menulis pada masa ini: \"Saya harus mengatakan saya keliru dan kagum dengan kesan makhluk kecil ini pada saya ... Saya masih belum pulih dari terkejut saya, dan jika saya seorang yang sombong, saya harus merasa malu kerana telah terbawa ... \"Kedua mereka menghabiskan musim sejuk sengsara di Majorca (8 November 1838 hingga 13 Februari 1839), di mana bersama-sama dengan dua Pasir kanak-kanak, mereka telah berangkat dengan harapan untuk meningkatkan kesihatan Chopin dan anak Maur 15 tahun Sand, dan juga untuk melarikan diri dari ancaman bekas kekasih Sand F\u00e9licien Mallefille. Setelah mengetahui bahawa pasangan itu tidak berkahwin, orang-orang Katolik yang sangat tradisional di Majorca menjadi tidak ramah, menjadikan penginapan sukar dicari. Ini memaksa kumpulan untuk mengambil tempat penginapan di bekas biara Carthusian di Valldemossa, yang memberikan sedikit perlindungan daripada cuaca musim sejuk. <> Apa bandar Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric melawat pada bulan Jun 1837? || London <> Peristiwa apa yang berlaku pada kepulangan Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric ke Paris? || Persatuannya dengan Sand mula bersungguh-sungguh <> Berapa tahun lebih tua adalah George Sand berbanding Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric? || enam <> kata sifat apa yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan masa Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric dan Sand bersama pada musim sejuk tahun 1838? || sengsara <> Di mana usaha Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric dan Sand setelah Majorca menjadi tidak dapat dilepaskan ketika ditemui mereka tidak menikah? || Valldemossa <> Dengan siapa Chopin pergi ke London pada tahun 1837? || Camille Pleyel <> Apakah pekerjaan James Broadwood? || pembuat piano <> Berapa lama lebih tua ialah George Sands daripada Chopin? || enam tahun <> Semasa lawatan Sands dan Chopin ke Majorca yang mereka lari? || F\u00e9licien Mallefille <Selepas diketahui bahawa Sands dan Chopin belum berkahwin di mana mereka akhirnya mendapat tempat perlindungan? || bekas biara Carthusian <> Bilakah Chopin dan Pasir menjadi pencinta? || Jun 1838 <> Di mana Chopin dan Sand pergi antara November 1838 dan Februari 1839? || Majorca <> Siapa yang menyertai Chopin dan Pasir dalam perjalanan mereka ke Majorca? || Dua kanak-kanak pasir <> Salah satu sebab Chopin dan Sand pergi ke Majorca adalah untuk melepaskan ancaman siapa? || F\u00e9licien Mallefille. <> Di manakah Chopin dan Sand tinggal di Valldemossa? || bekas biara Carthusian", {"qas": [{"question": "What city did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric visit in June 1837?", "id": "56cc07886d243a140015ee64", "answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What event occurred on Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's return to Paris?", "id": "56cc07886d243a140015ee65", "answers": [{"text": "his association with Sand began in earnest", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many years older was George Sand compared to Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric?", "id": "56cc07886d243a140015ee66", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What adjective is used to describe Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric and Sand's time together during the winter of 1838?", "id": "56cc07886d243a140015ee67", "answers": [{"text": "miserable", "answer_start": 660}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric and Sand venture to after Majorca became unlivable when it was discovered they were not married?", "id": "56cc07886d243a140015ee68", "answers": [{"text": "Valldemossa", "answer_start": 1194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With whom did Chopin go to London with in 1837?", "id": "56cfdd64234ae51400d9bf97", "answers": [{"text": "Camille Pleyel", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was James Broadwood's occupation?", "id": "56cfdd64234ae51400d9bf98", "answers": [{"text": "piano maker", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much older was George Sands than Chopin?", "id": "56cfdd64234ae51400d9bf99", "answers": [{"text": "six years", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During Sands and Chopin's visit to Majorca who were they fleeing?", "id": "56cfdd64234ae51400d9bf9a", "answers": [{"text": "F\u00e9licien Mallefille", "answer_start": 932}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After it became known that Sands and Chopin were unmarried where did they end up taking up shelter?", "id": "56cfdd64234ae51400d9bf9b", "answers": [{"text": "a former Carthusian monastery", "answer_start": 1161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Chopin and Sand become lovers?", "id": "56d323fb59d6e41400146292", "answers": [{"text": "June 1838", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Chopin and Sand go between November 1838 and February 1839?", "id": "56d323fb59d6e41400146293", "answers": [{"text": "Majorca", "answer_start": 680}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who joined Chopin and Sand on their trip to Majorca?", "id": "56d323fb59d6e41400146294", "answers": [{"text": "Sand's two children", "answer_start": 748}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "One of the reasons Chopin and Sand went to Majorca was to escape the threats of who?", "id": "56d323fb59d6e41400146295", "answers": [{"text": "F\u00e9licien Mallefille.", "answer_start": 932}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Chopin and Sand stay in Valldemossa?", "id": "56d323fb59d6e41400146296", "answers": [{"text": "a former Carthusian monastery", "answer_start": 1161}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In June 1837 Chopin visited London incognito in the company of the piano manufacturer Camille Pleyel where he played at a musical soir\u00e9e at the house of English piano maker James Broadwood. On his return to Paris, his association with Sand began in earnest, and by the end of June 1838 they had become lovers. Sand, who was six years older than the composer, and who had had a series of lovers, wrote at this time: \"I must say I was confused and amazed at the effect this little creature had on me ... I have still not recovered from my astonishment, and if I were a proud person I should be feeling humiliated at having been carried away ...\" The two spent a miserable winter on Majorca (8 November 1838 to 13 February 1839), where, together with Sand's two children, they had journeyed in the hope of improving the health of Chopin and that of Sand's 15-year-old son Maurice, and also to escape the threats of Sand's former lover F\u00e9licien Mallefille. After discovering that the couple were not married, the deeply traditional Catholic people of Majorca became inhospitable, making accommodation difficult to find. This compelled the group to take lodgings in a former Carthusian monastery in Valldemossa, which gave little shelter from the cold winter weather."}], ["Pada musim bunga tahun 1834, Chopin menghadiri Festival Muzik Rhenish Rendah di Aix-la-Chapelle dengan Hiller, dan di sana Chopin bertemu dengan Felix Mendelssohn. Selepas perayaan itu, ketiga-tiga melawat D\u00fcsseldorf, di mana Mendelssohn telah dilantik sebagai pengarah muzik. Mereka membelanjakan apa yang disebut Mendelssohn sebagai \"hari yang sangat menyenangkan\", bermain dan membincangkan muzik di pianonya, dan bertemu dengan Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow, pengarah Akademi Seni, dan beberapa murid terkenal seperti Lessing, Bendemann, Hildebrandt dan Sohn. Pada tahun 1835 Chopin pergi ke Carlsbad, di mana dia meluangkan masa bersama ibu bapanya; ia adalah kali terakhir dia akan melihatnya. Dalam perjalanannya ke Paris, dia bertemu rakan-rakan lama dari Warsaw, Wodzi\u0144skis. Dia telah mengenali anak perempuan mereka Maria di Poland lima tahun yang lalu, ketika dia berumur sebelas tahun. Mesyuarat ini mendorongnya untuk tinggal selama dua minggu di Dresden, ketika ia sebelumnya bermaksud untuk kembali ke Paris melalui Leipzig. Potret komposer gadis berusia enam belas tahun itu dipertimbangkan, bersama dengan Delacroix, sebagai antara kesamaan terbaik Chopin. Pada bulan Oktober, dia akhirnya sampai di Leipzig, di mana dia bertemu dengan Schumann, Clara Wieck dan Felix Mendelssohn, yang menganjurkannya sebagai penyairnya sendiri yang bernama St Paul, dan yang menganggapnya \"seorang pemusik yang sempurna\". Pada bulan Julai 1836 Chopin mengembara ke Marienbad dan Dresden bersama dengan keluarga Wodzi\u0144ski, dan pada bulan September dia mencadangkan Maria, yang ibunya Countess Wodzi\u0144ska diluluskan secara prinsip. Chopin pergi ke Leipzig, di mana beliau mempersembahkan Schumann dengan Ballade kecil Gnya. Pada penghujung tahun 1836 dia menghantar Maria sebuah album di mana saudaranya Ludwika telah menulis tujuh lagunya, dan 1835 Nocturne di C-tajam kecil, Op. 27, No 1. Anodyne terima kasih yang dia terima dari Maria terbukti menjadi surat terakhir yang dia miliki daripada dia. <> Siapa yang bertemu Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric pada musim bunga tahun 1834 di Festival Muzik Rhenish Rendah? || Felix Mendelssohn <> Apa dua aktiviti yang dilakukan Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric semasa melawat di D\u00fcsseldorf dengan Mendelssohn dan Hiller? || bermain dan membincangkan muzik <> Siapa pengarah Akademi Seni yang bertemu Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric ketika di D\u00fcsseldorf? || Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow <> Di manakah ibu bapa Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric berada ketika dia melihat mereka untuk kali terakhir pada tahun 1835? || Carlsbad <> Di mana Chopin bertemu dengan Felix Mendelssohn? || The Lower Rhenish Music Festival <> Siapa yang Chopin menghadiri Festival Muzik Rhenish Rendah dengan? || Hiller <> Pada tahun 1835 di mana Chopin dan ibu bapanya melawat? || Carlsbad <> Bilakah Chopin mencadangkan perkahwinan dengan Maria Wodzi\u0144ski? || Julai 1836 <> Siapa ibu Maria? || Countess Wodzi\u0144ska <> Siapa yang bertemu Chopin pada pesta muzik pada tahun 1834? || Felix Mendelssohn <> Di mana Chopin dan Hiller pergi dengan orang Chopin bertemu pada musim bunga tahun 1834? || D\u00fcsseldorf <> Apakah kedudukan Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow? || pengarah Akademi Seni <> Apakah nama pertama gadis Chopin dicadangkan? || Maria", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric meet in the spring of 1834 at the Lower Rhenish Music Festival?", "id": "56cbfbdd6d243a140015ee36", "answers": [{"text": "Felix Mendelssohn", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two activities did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric do while visiting for a day in D\u00fcsseldorf with Mendelssohn and Hiller?", "id": "56cbfbdd6d243a140015ee37", "answers": [{"text": "playing and discussing music", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the director of the Academy of Art that Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric met while in D\u00fcsseldorf?", "id": "56cbfbdd6d243a140015ee38", "answers": [{"text": "Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's parents located at when he saw them for the final time in 1835?", "id": "56cbfbdd6d243a140015ee39", "answers": [{"text": "Carlsbad", "answer_start": 540}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Chopin meet Felix Mendelssohn?", "id": "56cf7b8a4df3c31400b0d81f", "answers": [{"text": "the Lower Rhenish Music Festival", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Chopin attend the Lower Rhenish Music Festival with?", "id": "56cf7b8a4df3c31400b0d820", "answers": [{"text": "Hiller", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1835 where did Chopin and his parents visit?", "id": "56cf7b8a4df3c31400b0d821", "answers": [{"text": "Carlsbad", "answer_start": 540}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Chopin propose marriage to Maria Wodzi\u0144ski?", "id": "56cf7b8a4df3c31400b0d822", "answers": [{"text": "July 1836", "answer_start": 1268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Maria's mother?", "id": "56cf7b8a4df3c31400b0d823", "answers": [{"text": "Countess Wodzi\u0144ska", "answer_start": 1405}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Chopin meet at a music festival early in 1834?", "id": "56d31f8a59d6e41400146262", "answers": [{"text": "Felix Mendelssohn", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Chopin and Hiller go with the person Chopin met in the spring of 1834?", "id": "56d31f8a59d6e41400146263", "answers": [{"text": "D\u00fcsseldorf", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow position?", "id": "56d31f8a59d6e41400146264", "answers": [{"text": "director of the Academy of Art", "answer_start": 404}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first name of the girl Chopin proposed to?", "id": "56d31f8a59d6e41400146266", "answers": [{"text": "Maria", "answer_start": 749}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the spring of 1834, Chopin attended the Lower Rhenish Music Festival in Aix-la-Chapelle with Hiller, and it was there that Chopin met Felix Mendelssohn. After the festival, the three visited D\u00fcsseldorf, where Mendelssohn had been appointed musical director. They spent what Mendelssohn described as \"a very agreeable day\", playing and discussing music at his piano, and met Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow, director of the Academy of Art, and some of his eminent pupils such as Lessing, Bendemann, Hildebrandt and Sohn. In 1835 Chopin went to Carlsbad, where he spent time with his parents; it was the last time he would see them. On his way back to Paris, he met old friends from Warsaw, the Wodzi\u0144skis. He had made the acquaintance of their daughter Maria in Poland five years earlier, when she was eleven. This meeting prompted him to stay for two weeks in Dresden, when he had previously intended to return to Paris via Leipzig. The sixteen-year-old girl's portrait of the composer is considered, along with Delacroix's, as among Chopin's best likenesses. In October he finally reached Leipzig, where he met Schumann, Clara Wieck and Felix Mendelssohn, who organised for him a performance of his own oratorio St. Paul, and who considered him \"a perfect musician\". In July 1836 Chopin travelled to Marienbad and Dresden to be with the Wodzi\u0144ski family, and in September he proposed to Maria, whose mother Countess Wodzi\u0144ska approved in principle. Chopin went on to Leipzig, where he presented Schumann with his G minor Ballade. At the end of 1836 he sent Maria an album in which his sister Ludwika had inscribed seven of his songs, and his 1835 Nocturne in C-sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 1. The anodyne thanks he received from Maria proved to be the last letter he was to have from her."}], ["Mungkin usaha pertama dalam rawatan fiksyen hidup Chopin adalah versi operatic yang menakjubkan dari beberapa kejadiannya. Chopin ditulis oleh Giacomo Orefice dan dihasilkan di Milan pada tahun 1901. Semua muzik berasal dari Chopin. <> Kapan akaun fiksyen pertama mengenai kehidupan Chopin? || 1901 <> Di mana akaun fiksyen pertama kehidupan Chopin dibuat? || Milan <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab untuk akaun fiksyen pertama kehidupan Chopin? || Giacomo Orefice <> Apa yang dianggap sebagai kerja fiksyen pertama mengenai Chopin? || Chopin <> Gaya apa yang dikatakan sebagai \"Chopin\" dalam fiksyen? || opera <> Siapa yang menulis fiksyen \"Chopin?\" || Giacomo Orefice <> Kapan fiksyen \"Chopin\" dihasilkan? || 1901. <> Di mana fiksyen \"Chopin\" dihasilkan? || Milan", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life?", "id": "56cf4ee2aab44d1400b88fac", "answers": [{"text": "1901", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life created?", "id": "56cf4ee2aab44d1400b88fad", "answers": [{"text": "Milan", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is responsible for the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life?", "id": "56cf4ee2aab44d1400b88fae", "answers": [{"text": "Giacomo Orefice", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is thought to be the first fictionalized work about Chopin?", "id": "56d3ac8e2ccc5a1400d82e1a", "answers": [{"text": "Chopin", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What style is the fictionalized \"Chopin\" in?", "id": "56d3ac8e2ccc5a1400d82e1b", "answers": [{"text": "opera", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the fictionalized \"Chopin?\"", "id": "56d3ac8e2ccc5a1400d82e1c", "answers": [{"text": "Giacomo Orefice", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the fictionalized \"Chopin\" produced?", "id": "56d3ac8e2ccc5a1400d82e1d", "answers": [{"text": "1901.", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the fictionalized \"Chopin\" produced?", "id": "56d3ac8e2ccc5a1400d82e1e", "answers": [{"text": "Milan", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Possibly the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin's life was a fanciful operatic version of some of its events. Chopin was written by Giacomo Orefice and produced in Milan in 1901. All the music is derived from that of Chopin."}], ["Populariti popular Chopin sebagai seorang virtuoso mula berkurang, begitu juga dengan jumlah muridnya, dan ini, bersama perselisihan politik dan ketidakstabilan masa itu, menyebabkan dia bertungkus lumus dari segi kewangan. Pada bulan Februari 1848, dengan selebriti Auguste Franchomme, beliau memberikan konsert Paris yang terakhir, termasuk tiga gerakan Cello Sonata Op. 65. <> Dalam bulan dan tahun apakah Chopin memberikan prestasi terakhirnya? || Februari 1848 <> Dengan siapa Chopin melaksanakan konsert terakhirnya? || Auguste Franchomme <> Ketika melakukan Chopin yang terakhir? || Februari 1848 <> Siapa yang pernah melakukan Chopin dengan yang terakhir? || Auguste Franchomme <> Perselisihan Plitical, penurunan populariti, ketidakstabilan era dan kurang pelajar menyebabkan Chopin untuk apa? || perjuangan secara kewangan. <> Siapa yang membuat Chopin pada konsert Paris terakhirnya pada tahun 1848? || Auguste Franchomme <> Apa instrumen yang bermain Auguste Franchomme? || Cello", {"qas": [{"question": "In what month and year did Chopin give his final performance?", "id": "56cc16bb6d243a140015eeb1", "answers": [{"text": "February 1848", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With whom did Chopin perform his final concert?", "id": "56cc16bb6d243a140015eeb2", "answers": [{"text": "Auguste Franchomme", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Chopin last perform?", "id": "56cfe20f234ae51400d9c003", "answers": [{"text": "February 1848", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Chopin last perform with?", "id": "56cfe20f234ae51400d9c004", "answers": [{"text": "Auguste Franchomme", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Plitical strife, popularity decline, instability of era and fewer students caused Chopin to what?", "id": "56d3ae792ccc5a1400d82e3a", "answers": [{"text": "struggle financially.", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Chopin have at his last Parisian concert in 1848?", "id": "56d3ae792ccc5a1400d82e3b", "answers": [{"text": "Auguste Franchomme", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What instrument did Auguste Franchomme play?", "id": "56d3ae792ccc5a1400d82e3c", "answers": [{"text": "Cello", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin's public popularity as a virtuoso began to wane, as did the number of his pupils, and this, together with the political strife and instability of the time, caused him to struggle financially. In February 1848, with the cellist Auguste Franchomme, he gave his last Paris concert, which included three movements of the Cello Sonata Op. 65."}], ["Kehidupan Chopin diliputi oleh dokumentari BBC TV Chopin - The Women Behind The Music (2010), dan dalam dokumentari 2010 yang disaksikan oleh Angelo Bozzolini dan Roberto Prosseda untuk televisyen Itali. <> Apakah stesen televisyen membuat dokumentari mengenai Chopin? || BBC <> Apa dua orang mencipta dokumentari di Chopin untuk tv Itali? || Angelo Bozzolini dan Roberto Prosseda <> Apakah tajuk dokumentari BBC yang dikeluarkan? || The Women Behind The Music <> Apa stesen televisyen mengeluarkan dokumentari mengenai Chopin? || BBC <> Apakah nama dokumentari yang dikeluarkan oleh BBC? || Chopin - Wanita Di Sebalik Muzik <> Apakah nama-nama dua orang yang mencipta dokumentari untuk penglihatan tele Itali? || Angelo Bozzolini dan Roberto Prosseda <> Siapa yang melakukan kerja untuk televisyen Itali mengenai kehidupan Chopin? || Angelo Bozzolini dan Roberto Prosseda", {"qas": [{"question": "What television station made a documentary on Chopin?", "id": "56cea7efaab44d1400b888f5", "answers": [{"text": "BBC", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two people created a documentary on Chopin for Italian tv?", "id": "56cea7efaab44d1400b888f6", "answers": [{"text": "Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the title of the documentary the BBC released?", "id": "56cea7efaab44d1400b888f7", "answers": [{"text": "The Women Behind The Music", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What television station released a documentary on Chopin?", "id": "56cf4d7eaab44d1400b88f80", "answers": [{"text": "BBC", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the documentary released by the BBC?", "id": "56cf4d7eaab44d1400b88f81", "answers": [{"text": "Chopin \u2013 The Women Behind The Music", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the names of the two people that created a documentary for Italian tele vision?", "id": "56cf4d7eaab44d1400b88f82", "answers": [{"text": "Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did a work for Italian television about Chopin's life?", "id": "56d3ad7a2ccc5a1400d82e2f", "answers": [{"text": "Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin's life was covered in a BBC TV documentary Chopin \u2013 The Women Behind The Music (2010), and in a 2010 documentary realised by Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda for Italian television."}], ["Chopin telah banyak menonjol dalam kesusasteraan Poland, baik dalam kajian kritikal yang serius mengenai kehidupan dan muziknya dan dalam rawatan fiksyen. Manifestasi paling awal mungkin adalah sonet 1830 pada Chopin oleh Leon Ulrich. Penulis Perancis di Chopin (selain dari Pasir) telah memasukkan Marcel Proust dan Andr\u00e9 Gide; dan dia juga memaparkan dalam karya Gottfried Benn dan Boris Pasternak. Terdapat banyak biografi Chopin dalam bahasa Inggeris (lihat bibliografi untuk beberapa perkara ini). <> An 1830 sonnet ditulis mengenai Chopin oleh lelaki apa? || Leon Ulrich <> Selain George Sands, apa dua penulis Perancis telah menulis tentang Chopin? || Marcel Proust dan Andr\u00e9 Gide <> Leon Ulrich menulis tentang Chopin dalam format apa? || sonnet <> Apa yang paling awal melihat Chopin dalam kesusasteraan Poland? || sonnet pada Chopin oleh Leon Ulrich <> Bilakah Ulrich melakukan sonnetnya pada Chopin? || 1830 <> Sebagai tambahan kepada bahasa Poland dan Perancis, bahasa apa yang lain mempunyai banyak biograpi daripada Chopin? || Bahasa Inggeris", {"qas": [{"question": "An 1830 sonnet was written about Chopin by what man?", "id": "56cf50b2aab44d1400b88fbd", "answers": [{"text": "Leon Ulrich", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from George Sands what two French authors have written about Chopin?", "id": "56cf50b2aab44d1400b88fbe", "answers": [{"text": "Marcel Proust and Andr\u00e9 Gide", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Leon Ulrich wrote about Chopin in what format?", "id": "56cf50b2aab44d1400b88fbf", "answers": [{"text": "sonnet", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the earliest sighting of Chopin in Polish Literature?", "id": "56d3abf72ccc5a1400d82e02", "answers": [{"text": "sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Ulrich do his sonnet on Chopin?", "id": "56d3abf72ccc5a1400d82e03", "answers": [{"text": "1830", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to Polish and French, what other language has numerous biogrpahies of Chopin?", "id": "56d3abf72ccc5a1400d82e04", "answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin has figured extensively in Polish literature, both in serious critical studies of his life and music and in fictional treatments. The earliest manifestation was probably an 1830 sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich. French writers on Chopin (apart from Sand) have included Marcel Proust and Andr\u00e9 Gide; and he has also featured in works of Gottfried Benn and Boris Pasternak. There are numerous biographies of Chopin in English (see bibliography for some of these)."}], ["Output Chopin sebagai komposer sepanjang tempoh ini menurun dalam kuantiti tahun demi tahun. Sedangkan pada tahun 1841 ia menulis karya sedozen, hanya enam yang ditulis pada tahun 1842 dan enam buah yang lebih pendek pada tahun 1843. Pada tahun 1844 ia menulis hanya Op. 58 sonata. 1845 menyaksikan penyempurnaan tiga mazurkas (Op. 59). Walaupun karya-karya ini lebih halus daripada kebanyakan komposisi terdahulu, Zamoyski berpendapat bahawa \"kuasa penumpuannya gagal dan inspirasinya ditimpa oleh kesedihan, baik emosi dan intelektual.\" <> Apa nama kerja yang dia tulis pada tahun 1844? || Op. 58 sonata <> Apa yang boleh dikatakan mengenai kerja-kerja ini berbanding dengan pekerjaannya pada tahun-tahun lain walaupun kuantiti kurang? || lebih halus daripada banyak komposisi sebelumnya <> Berapa banyak potongan yang ditulis Chopin pada tahun 1841? || sedozen <> Berapa banyak potongan yang dibuat Chopin pada tahun 1842? || enam <> Apa bahagian yang dikarang Chopin pada tahun 1844? || Op. 58 sonata <> Berapa banyak karya yang ditulis Chopin pada tahun 1842? || enam <> Berapa banyak karya yang ditulis Chopin pada tahun 1843? || enam keping pendek <> Berapa banyak karya tulis Chopin pada tahun 1845? || tiga mazurkas", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the single piece of work he wrote in 1844?", "id": "56cc15956d243a140015eea8", "answers": [{"text": "Op. 58 sonata", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can be said of these works compared to his work in other years even though the quantity was less?", "id": "56cc15956d243a140015eea9", "answers": [{"text": "more refined than many of his earlier compositions", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many pieces did Chopin write in 1841?", "id": "56cfe1d7234ae51400d9bff7", "answers": [{"text": "a dozen", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many pieces did Chopin compose in 1842?", "id": "56cfe1d7234ae51400d9bff8", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What piece did Chopin compose in 1844?", "id": "56cfe1d7234ae51400d9bff9", "answers": [{"text": "Op. 58 sonata", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many works did Chopin write in 1842?", "id": "56d3af3e2ccc5a1400d82e41", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many works did Chopin write in 1843?", "id": "56d3af3e2ccc5a1400d82e42", "answers": [{"text": "six shorter pieces", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many works did Chopin write in 1845?", "id": "56d3af3e2ccc5a1400d82e44", "answers": [{"text": "three mazurkas", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin's output as a composer throughout this period declined in quantity year by year. Whereas in 1841 he had written a dozen works, only six were written in 1842 and six shorter pieces in 1843. In 1844 he wrote only the Op. 58 sonata. 1845 saw the completion of three mazurkas (Op. 59). Although these works were more refined than many of his earlier compositions, Zamoyski opines that \"his powers of concentration were failing and his inspiration was beset by anguish, both emotional and intellectual.\""}], ["Banyak rakaman karya Chopin tersedia. Pada kesempatan penyampai komposer, para pengkritik The New York Times mencadangkan persembahan oleh pianis kontemporari yang berikut (antara yang lain): Martha Argerich, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Emanuel Ax, Evgeny Kissin, Murray Perahia, Maurizio Pollini dan Krystian Zimerman. Persatuan Warsaw Chopin menganjurkan Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin untuk rakaman Chopin yang terkenal, yang diadakan setiap lima tahun. <> Masyarakat Warsaw Chopin memegang Grand Prix du disque de F. Chopin berapa kerap? || setiap lima tahun. <> Apakah nama acara yang dipegang oleh The Warsaw Chopin Society? || Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin <> Pada pengkritik ulang tahun ke-200 Chopin tentang penerbitan apa yang dibuat mengenai rekaman kerja Chopin? || The New York Times <> Siapa yang menganjurkan Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin untuk rakaman Chopin yang ketara? || The Warsaw Chopin Society <> Berapa kerapkah Grand Prix du disque de F. Chopin untuk rakaman Chopin yang terkenal? || setiap lima tahun. <> Sebaiknya Chopin, yang mencadangkan senarai siapa yang patut melakukan Chopin? || The New York Times", {"qas": [{"question": "The Warsaw Chopin Society holds the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin how often?", "id": "56cf5187aab44d1400b88fc4", "answers": [{"text": "every five years.", "answer_start": 449}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the event that The Warsaw Chopin Society holds?", "id": "56cf5187aab44d1400b88fc5", "answers": [{"text": "Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin", "answer_start": 379}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On Chopin's 200th anniversary critics of what publication made recommendations on recordings of Chopin's work?", "id": "56cf5187aab44d1400b88fc6", "answers": [{"text": "The New York Times", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who organizes the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin for notable Chopin recordings?", "id": "56d3ab7e2ccc5a1400d82dfc", "answers": [{"text": "The Warsaw Chopin Society", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How often is the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin for notable Chopin recordings held?", "id": "56d3ab7e2ccc5a1400d82dfd", "answers": [{"text": "every five years.", "answer_start": 449}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Upon Chopin's bicentenary, who recommended a list of who should perform Chopin?", "id": "56d3ab7e2ccc5a1400d82dfe", "answers": [{"text": "The New York Times", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Numerous recordings of Chopin's works are available. On the occasion of the composer's bicentenary, the critics of The New York Times recommended performances by the following contemporary pianists (among many others): Martha Argerich, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Emanuel Ax, Evgeny Kissin, Murray Perahia, Maurizio Pollini and Krystian Zimerman. The Warsaw Chopin Society organizes the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin for notable Chopin recordings, held every five years."}], ["Semasa musim panas di Nohant, terutamanya pada tahun 1839-43, Chopin mendapati hari-hari yang tenang dan produktif di mana dia membuat banyak kerja, termasuk Polonaise di A-flat major, Op. 53. Antara pengunjung ke Nohant adalah Delacroix dan mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, yang Chopin telah menasihatkan teknik dan komposisi piano. Delacroix memberikan akaun tinggal di Nohant dalam surat 7 Jun 1842: <Contoh apa yang diberikan oleh kerja yang dihasilkan Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric semasa musim panas yang tenang di Nohant? || Polonaise dalam utama A-flat, Op. 53 <> Antara kedua orang yang melawat Chopin yang diajar olehnya di atas piano? || Pauline Viardot <> Pada apa tarikh Delacroix menulis surat berdasarkan lawatannya di Nohant? || 7 Jun 1842 <> Apa yang dilakukan Chopin membantu Pauline Viardot? || teknik piano dan komposisi <> Siapa dua pengunjung ke Chopin semasa di Nohant? || Delacroix dan mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot <> Apa dua perkara yang Chopin menasihati Viardot? || teknik dan komposisi piano. <> Siapa yang menulis surat pada 7 Jun 1842 tentang tinggal di Nohant? || Delacroix", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the example given of a work produced by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric during calm summers at Nohant?", "id": "56cc100b6d243a140015ee8a", "answers": [{"text": "Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of the two people that visited Chopin were tutored by him on piano?", "id": "56cc100b6d243a140015ee8c", "answers": [{"text": "Pauline Viardot", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did Delacroix write a letter based on his visit at Nohant?", "id": "56cc100b6d243a140015ee8d", "answers": [{"text": "7 June 1842", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Chopin help Pauline Viardot with?", "id": "56cfdf7b234ae51400d9bfd6", "answers": [{"text": "piano technique and composition", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were two visitors to Chopin while in Nohant?", "id": "56d34ffe59d6e414001462bb", "answers": [{"text": "Delacroix and the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two things did Chopin advise Viardot on?", "id": "56d34ffe59d6e414001462bc", "answers": [{"text": "piano technique and composition.", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote a letter on June 7, 1842 about a stay in Nohant?", "id": "56d34ffe59d6e414001462bd", "answers": [{"text": "Delacroix", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the summers at Nohant, particularly in the years 1839\u201343, Chopin found quiet, productive days during which he composed many works, including his Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53. Among the visitors to Nohant were Delacroix and the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, whom Chopin had advised on piano technique and composition. Delacroix gives an account of staying at Nohant in a letter of 7 June 1842:"}], ["Kehidupan Chopin dan hubungannya dengan George Sand telah difokuskan dalam banyak filem. Filem biografi 1945 A Song to Remember memperoleh Cornel Wilde sebagai pencalonan Anugerah Akademi sebagai Pelakon Terbaik untuk menggambarkan komposernya. Rawatan filem lain termasuk: La valse de l'adieu (Perancis, 1928) oleh Henry Roussel, dengan Pierre Blanchar sebagai Chopin; Impromptu (1991), yang dibintangi oleh Hugh Grant sebagai Chopin; La note bleue (1991); dan Chopin: Keinginan untuk Cinta (2002). <> Apakah nama filem 1945 yang dikeluarkan mengenai Chopin? || Lagu untuk Mengingati <> Apakah nama pelakon yang diterima dan pencalonan Oscar untuk peranannya sebagai Chopin? || Cornel Wilde <> Tahun apa La valse de l'adieu dibebaskan? || 1928 <> Siapa yang membintangi Chopin dalam Impromptu? || Hubungan Hugh Grant <> Chopins dengan siapa yang telah fiksyen dalam filem? || George Sand <> Apa 1945 film adalah perakaunan fiksyen hubungan antara Chopin dan Pasir? || A Song to Remember <> Siapa yang menggambarkan Chopin dalam Lagu Untuk Ingat? || Cornel Wilde <> Siapa yang menggambarkan Chopin dalam filem 1928, La valse de l'adieu? || Pierre Blanchar <> Siapa yang menggambarkan Chopin dalam filem 1991, Impromptu? || Hugh Grant", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the 1945 movie released about Chopin?", "id": "56cf4e5faab44d1400b88f90", "answers": [{"text": "A Song to Remember", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the actor who received and Oscar nomination for his role as Chopin?", "id": "56cf4e5faab44d1400b88f91", "answers": [{"text": "Cornel Wilde", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was  La valse de l'adieu released?", "id": "56cf4e5faab44d1400b88f92", "answers": [{"text": "1928", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who starred as Chopin in Impromptu?", "id": "56cf4e5faab44d1400b88f93", "answers": [{"text": "Hugh Grant", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopins relations with whom have been fictionalized in movies?", "id": "56cf4e5faab44d1400b88f94", "answers": [{"text": "George Sand", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What 1945 film was a fictionalized accounting of the relationship between Chopin and Sand?", "id": "56d3ad1d2ccc5a1400d82e24", "answers": [{"text": "A Song to Remember", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who portrayed Chopin in A Song to Remember?", "id": "56d3ad1d2ccc5a1400d82e25", "answers": [{"text": "Cornel Wilde", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who portrayed Chopin in the 1928 film, La valse de l'adieu?", "id": "56d3ad1d2ccc5a1400d82e27", "answers": [{"text": "Pierre Blanchar", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who portrayed Chopin in the 1991 film, Impromptu?", "id": "56d3ad1d2ccc5a1400d82e28", "answers": [{"text": "Hugh Grant", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin's life and his relations with George Sand have been fictionalized in numerous films. The 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember earned Cornel Wilde an Academy Award nomination as Best Actor for his portrayal of the composer. Other film treatments have included: La valse de l'adieu (France, 1928) by Henry Roussel, with Pierre Blanchar as Chopin; Impromptu (1991), starring Hugh Grant as Chopin; La note bleue (1991); and Chopin: Desire for Love (2002)."}], ["Dari tahun 1842 dan seterusnya, Chopin menunjukkan tanda-tanda penyakit yang serius. Selepas bacaan solo di Paris pada 21 Februari 1842, dia menulis kepada Grzyma\u0142a: \"Saya perlu berbaring di katil sepanjang hari, mulut dan tonsil saya sangat terasa.\" Dia dipaksa oleh penyakit untuk menolak jemputan tertulis dari Alkan untuk mengambil bahagian dalam prestasi berulang dari aturan Beethoven Ketujuh Symphony di Erard pada 1 Mac 1843. Pada 1844, Charles Hall\u00e9 melawat Chopin dan mendapati dia \"tidak dapat bergerak, membungkuk seperti penknife separuh dibuka dan ternyata sakit \", walaupun semangatnya kembali apabila dia mula memainkan piano untuk pelawatnya. Kesihatan Chopin terus merosot, terutamanya sejak saat ini. Penyelidikan moden menunjukkan bahawa selain daripada sebarang penyakit lain, dia juga mungkin mengalami epilepsi lobus temporal. <> Pada tahun apakah Chopin mula mengalami penurunan serius dalam kesihatan? || 1842 <> Kepada siapa Chopin menulis surat pada 21 Februari 1842 tentang kesakitannya? || Grzyma\u0142a <> Kinerja apa yang Chopin terpaksa menurun akibat kesihatannya yang semakin meningkat? || Aturan Beethoven Ketujuh Symphony di Erard's <> Apa alat yang dimainkan Chopin untuk Charles Hall\u00e9 ketika yang terakhir melawatnya? || piano <> Apa yang ada penyelidikan hari ini mencadangkan bahawa Chopin menderita bersama-sama dengan penyakit lain? || epilepsi lobus temporal <> Bermula pada tahun apakah Chopin mula menunjukkan bukti kesihatan yang sangat buruk? || 1842 <> Apakah prestasi kedua buat Chopin untuk menolak bermain? || Susunan Symphony Ketujuh Beethoven <> Apakah penyakit tertentu yang menunjukkan bukti moden terhadap Chopin? || epilepsi lobus temporal <> Bilakah Chopin menunjukkan tanda-tanda penyakit yang serius? || Dari tahun 1842 dan seterusnya <> Chopin menulis pada tahun 1842 bahawa dia terpaksa berbaring di tempat tidur sepanjang hari kerana apa yang sangat sakit? || mulut dan tonsil <> Chopin terpaksa menolak jemputan pada tahun 1843 untuk mengambil bahagian dalam pertunjukan di Erard? || Alkan <> Siapa yang melawat Chopin pada tahun 1844 dan menulis tentang ketidakupayaannya untuk bergerak? || Charles Hall\u00e9 <> Perubatan moden menunjukkan Chopin mungkin mengalami apa keadaannya? || epilepsi lobus temporal.", {"qas": [{"question": "In which year did Chopin begin experiencing a serious decline in health?", "id": "56cc12376d243a140015ee92", "answers": [{"text": "1842", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To whom did Chopin write a letter on 21 February 1842 about his agonizing pain?", "id": "56cc12376d243a140015ee93", "answers": [{"text": "Grzyma\u0142a", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What performance was Chopin forced to decline due to his increasing ill health?", "id": "56cc12376d243a140015ee94", "answers": [{"text": "Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement at Erard's", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What instrument did Chopin play for Charles Hall\u00e9 when the latter visited him?", "id": "56cc12376d243a140015ee95", "answers": [{"text": "piano", "answer_start": 591}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has current day research suggested that Chopin was suffering from alongside his other illnesses?", "id": "56cc12376d243a140015ee96", "answers": [{"text": "temporal lobe epilepsy", "answer_start": 786}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Starting in what year did Chopin start showing evidence of very bad health?", "id": "56cfe09e234ae51400d9bfd9", "answers": [{"text": "1842", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What second performance did Chopin have to decline to play?", "id": "56cfe09e234ae51400d9bfda", "answers": [{"text": "Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What specific illness does modern evidence point to Chopin having?", "id": "56cfe09e234ae51400d9bfdb", "answers": [{"text": "temporal lobe epilepsy", "answer_start": 786}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Chopin show signs of serious illness?", "id": "56d3536159d6e414001462c2", "answers": [{"text": "From 1842 onwards", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin wrote in 1842 that he had to lie in bed all day because what ached so much?", "id": "56d3536159d6e414001462c3", "answers": [{"text": "mouth and tonsils", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin had to decline who's invitation in 1843 to particpate in a performance at Erard's?", "id": "56d3536159d6e414001462c4", "answers": [{"text": "Alkan", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who visited Chopin in 1844 and wrote about his inability to move?", "id": "56d3536159d6e414001462c5", "answers": [{"text": "Charles Hall\u00e9", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Modern medicine indicates Chopin may have suffered from what condition?", "id": "56d3536159d6e414001462c6", "answers": [{"text": "temporal lobe epilepsy.", "answer_start": 786}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From 1842 onwards, Chopin showed signs of serious illness. After a solo recital in Paris on 21 February 1842, he wrote to Grzyma\u0142a: \"I have to lie in bed all day long, my mouth and tonsils are aching so much.\" He was forced by illness to decline a written invitation from Alkan to participate in a repeat performance of the Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement at Erard's on 1 March 1843. Late in 1844, Charles Hall\u00e9 visited Chopin and found him \"hardly able to move, bent like a half-opened penknife and evidently in great pain\", although his spirits returned when he started to play the piano for his visitor. Chopin's health continued to deteriorate, particularly from this time onwards. Modern research suggests that apart from any other illnesses, he may also have suffered from temporal lobe epilepsy."}], ["Hubungan Chopin dengan Pasir telah menjadi lebam pada tahun 1846 oleh masalah yang melibatkan anak perempuannya Solange dan tunang Solange, pemuja memburu nasib muda Auguste Cl\u00e9singer. Sang komposer sering mengambil sisi Solange dalam pertengkaran dengan ibunya; dia juga menghadapi kecemburuan dari anak lelaki Maurice Maurice. Chopin sama sekali tidak peduli dengan politik politik Pasir, sementara Sand melihat rakan-rakannya dengan rasa tidak puas hati. Ketika penyakit komposer berkembang, Pasir menjadi kurang kekasih dan lebih banyak jururawat kepada Chopin, yang disebutnya sebagai \"anak ketiga\". Dalam surat kepada pihak ketiga, dia membatalkan ketidaksabarannya, merujuk kepadanya sebagai \"anak\", \"malaikat kecil\", \"penderita\" dan \"mayat kecil yang dikasihi.\" Pada tahun 1847 Pasir menerbitkan novelnya Lucrezia Floriani, yang watak utamanya - seorang pelakon yang kaya dan putera yang lemah dalam kesihatan-boleh ditafsirkan sebagai Pasir dan Chopin; Cerita itu tidak mudah didengar oleh Chopin, yang tidak dapat melepaskan kiasan itu kerana dia membantu Sand membetulkan galeri pencetak. Pada tahun 1847, dia tidak melawat Nohant, dan dia secara senyap-senyap menamatkan hubungan sepuluh tahun mereka selepas surat-surat yang marah yang, dalam kata-kata Sand, membuat \"kesimpulan aneh untuk sembilan tahun persahabatan eksklusif.\" Kedua-dua mereka tidak akan bertemu lagi. <> Apakah nama anak perempuan Sand yang menyumbang kepada kemerosotan hubungan antara Pasir dan Chopin? || Auguste Cl\u00e9singer <> Apa minat Sand bahawa Chopin menunjukkan sikap tidak peduli terhadap? || politik politik yang radikal <> Apa yang Sand mula merujuk kepada Chopin kerana penyakitnya semakin buruk? || anak ketiga <> Apa nama novel Sand yang diterbitkannya merujuk kepada keadaannya dengan Chopin? || Lucrezia Floriani <> Pada tahun apakah Chopin dan Sand akhirnya membawa hubungan mereka dengan rapat? || 1847 <> Bilakah hubungan Chopin dengan Pasir mulai merosot? || 1846 <> Siapa Solange, anak perempuan Sand? || Auguste Cl\u00e9singer <> Apa novel yang ditulis Sand pada tahun 1847? || Lucrezia Floriani <> Siapa pemburu harta benda yang terlibat dengan anak perempuan Sand? || Auguste Cl\u00e9singer. <> Apa peranan yang dilakukan Sand kerana hubungannya dengan Chopin berkembang? || jururawat <> Apa nama buku Pasir di mana watak utama dapat ditafsirkan sebagai Pasir dan Chopin? || Lucrezia Floriani <> Bilakah Chopin mengakhiri hubungannya dengan Pasir? || 1847", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of Sand's daughter's fiance that contributed to deteriorating the relationship between Sand and Chopin?", "id": "56cc13956d243a140015ee9c", "answers": [{"text": "Auguste Cl\u00e9singer", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the interest Sand had that Chopin showed apathy towards?", "id": "56cc13956d243a140015ee9d", "answers": [{"text": "radical political pursuits", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Sand begin referring to Chopin as as his illness got worse?", "id": "56cc13956d243a140015ee9e", "answers": [{"text": "third child", "answer_start": 535}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Sand's novel she published in reference to her situation with Chopin?", "id": "56cc13956d243a140015ee9f", "answers": [{"text": "Lucrezia Floriani", "answer_start": 731}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Chopin and Sand ultimately bring their relationship to a close?", "id": "56cc13956d243a140015eea0", "answers": [{"text": "1847", "answer_start": 701}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Chopin's relationship with Sand start to deteriorate?", "id": "56cfe169234ae51400d9bfeb", "answers": [{"text": "1846", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whom did Sand's daughter Solange become engaged to?", "id": "56cfe169234ae51400d9bfec", "answers": [{"text": "Auguste Cl\u00e9singer", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What novel did Sand write in 1847?", "id": "56cfe169234ae51400d9bfed", "answers": [{"text": "Lucrezia Floriani", "answer_start": 731}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the fortune hunter engaged to Sand's daughter?", "id": "56d354c659d6e414001462cd", "answers": [{"text": "Auguste Cl\u00e9singer.", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What role did Sand take on as her relationship with Chopin progressed?", "id": "56d354c659d6e414001462ce", "answers": [{"text": "nurse", "answer_start": 497}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Sand's book where the main characters can be interpreted as Sand and Chopin?", "id": "56d354c659d6e414001462cf", "answers": [{"text": "Lucrezia Floriani", "answer_start": 731}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Chopin end his relationship with Sand?", "id": "56d354c659d6e414001462d0", "answers": [{"text": "1847", "answer_start": 701}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin's relations with Sand were soured in 1846 by problems involving her daughter Solange and Solange's fianc\u00e9, the young fortune-hunting sculptor Auguste Cl\u00e9singer. The composer frequently took Solange's side in quarrels with her mother; he also faced jealousy from Sand's son Maurice. Chopin was utterly indifferent to Sand's radical political pursuits, while Sand looked on his society friends with disdain. As the composer's illness progressed, Sand had become less of a lover and more of a nurse to Chopin, whom she called her \"third child\". In letters to third parties, she vented her impatience, referring to him as a \"child,\" a \"little angel\", a \"sufferer\" and a \"beloved little corpse.\" In 1847 Sand published her novel Lucrezia Floriani, whose main characters\u2014a rich actress and a prince in weak health\u2014could be interpreted as Sand and Chopin; the story was uncomplimentary to Chopin, who could not have missed the allusions as he helped Sand correct the printer's galleys. In 1847 he did not visit Nohant, and he quietly ended their ten-year relationship following an angry correspondence which, in Sand's words, made \"a strange conclusion to nine years of exclusive friendship.\" The two would never meet again."}], ["Chopin membuat penampilan umum terakhirnya di platform konsert di Guildhall London pada 16 November 1848, ketika, dalam gerakan patriotik terakhir, dia bermain untuk kebaikan pelarian Poland. Pada masa ini dia sangat sakit parah, beratnya di bawah 99 paun (iaitu kurang daripada 45 kg), dan doktornya sedar bahawa penyakitnya berada di peringkat terminal. <> Bilakah Chopin terakhir muncul di khalayak umum? || 16 November 1848 <> Di mana prestasi awam terakhir Chopin? || Guildhall <> Siapa penerima manfaat konsert awam yang terakhir? || Pelarian Poland. <> Apakah diagnosis keadaan kesihatan Chopin pada masa ini? || terminal <> Di mana prestasi awam terakhir Chopin? || London Guildhall", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Chopin last appear in public?", "id": "56cfe7f4234ae51400d9c05f", "answers": [{"text": "16 November 1848", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Chopin's last public performance?", "id": "56cfe7f4234ae51400d9c060", "answers": [{"text": "Guildhall", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were the beneficiaries of his last public concert?", "id": "56d375b859d6e41400146468", "answers": [{"text": "Polish refugees.", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the diagnosis of Chopin's health condition at this time?", "id": "56d375b859d6e41400146469", "answers": [{"text": "terminal", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Chopin's last public performance?", "id": "56d375b859d6e4140014646b", "answers": [{"text": "London's Guildhall", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin made his last public appearance on a concert platform at London's Guildhall on 16 November 1848, when, in a final patriotic gesture, he played for the benefit of Polish refugees. By this time he was very seriously ill, weighing under 99 pounds (i.e. less than 45 kg), and his doctors were aware that his sickness was at a terminal stage."}], ["Pada bulan April, semasa Revolusi 1848 di Paris, dia pergi ke London, di mana beliau melakukan beberapa konsert dan banyak majlis di rumah-rumah besar. Lawatan ini disarankan kepadanya oleh murid Scotlandnya, Jane Stirling dan adik perempuannya. Stirling juga membuat semua urusan logistik dan menyediakan banyak pembiayaan yang diperlukan. <> Di manakah kepala Chopin semasa Revolusi 1848? || London <> Siapa yang menyediakan majoriti dana untuk lawatan konsertnya di London? || Jane Stirling <> Di mana Chopin pergi pada musim bunga tahun 1848? || London <> Apa dua orang mencadangkan lawatan 1848 itu? || Jane Stirling dan kakaknya <> Yang membayar sebahagian besar lawatan muzik 1848 ke Chopin? || Jane Stirling <> Apa yang berlaku pada April 1848 di Paris? || Revolusi <> Apakah warisan kebangsaan Jane Stirling? || Scotland", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did Chopin head to during the Revolution of 1848?", "id": "56cfe4a4234ae51400d9c015", "answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who provided the majority of funds for his concert tour in London?", "id": "56cfe4a4234ae51400d9c016", "answers": [{"text": "Jane Stirling", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Chopin go in the spring of 1848?", "id": "56d3711659d6e414001463ce", "answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two people suggested the 1848 tour?", "id": "56d3711659d6e414001463cf", "answers": [{"text": "Jane Stirling and her elder sister", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who paid for most of the 1848 music tour of Chopin?", "id": "56d3711659d6e414001463d0", "answers": [{"text": "Jane Stirling", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was happening in April 1848 in Paris?", "id": "56d3711659d6e414001463d1", "answers": [{"text": "Revolution", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Jane Stirling's national heritage?", "id": "56d3711659d6e414001463d2", "answers": [{"text": "Scottish", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In April, during the Revolution of 1848 in Paris, he left for London, where he performed at several concerts and at numerous receptions in great houses. This tour was suggested to him by his Scottish pupil Jane Stirling and her elder sister. Stirling also made all the logistical arrangements and provided much of the necessary funding."}], ["Pada akhir November, Chopin kembali ke Paris. Dia melewati musim sejuk dengan penyakit yang tak terkalahkan, tetapi memberikan pelajaran sekali-sekala dan dikunjungi oleh rakan-rakan, termasuk Delacroix dan Franchomme. Kadang-kadang dia bermain, atau menyanyikan lagu Delfina Potocka, untuk kawan-kawannya. Pada musim panas tahun 1849, kawan-kawannya mendapati dia sebuah apartmen di Chaillot, di luar pusat bandar, yang mana sewa secara rahsia disubsidi oleh pengagum, Princess Obreskoff. Di sini pada bulan Jun 1849 dia dilawati oleh Jenny Lind. <> Siapa yang bermain Chopin ketika dia bernyanyi? || Delfina Potocka <> Pada tahun 1849 tempat tinggal Chopin? || Chaillot <> Siapa yang membayar secara anonim untuk pangsapuri Chopin? || Puteri Obreskoff <> Bilakah Chopin kembali ke Paris? || November <> Chopin mengiringi penyanyi untuk kawan-kawan? || Delfina Potocka <> Di mana rakan-rakannya mendapati Chopin sebuah apartmen pada tahun 1849? || Chaillot <> Yang membayar untuk pangsapuri Chopin di Chaillot? || Princess Obreskoff. <> Bilakah Jenny Lind melawat Chopin? || Jun 1849", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Chopin play for while she sang?", "id": "56cfe87e234ae51400d9c06d", "answers": [{"text": "Delfina Potocka", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1849 where did Chopin live?", "id": "56cfe87e234ae51400d9c06e", "answers": [{"text": "Chaillot", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was anonymously paying for Chopin's apartment?", "id": "56cfe87e234ae51400d9c06f", "answers": [{"text": "Princess Obreskoff", "answer_start": 439}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Chopin return to Paris?", "id": "56d381b459d6e41400146591", "answers": [{"text": "November", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin accompanied which singer for friends?", "id": "56d381b459d6e41400146592", "answers": [{"text": "Delfina Potocka", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did his friends found Chopin an apartment in 1849?", "id": "56d381b459d6e41400146593", "answers": [{"text": "Chaillot", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who paid for Chopin's apartment in Chaillot?", "id": "56d381b459d6e41400146594", "answers": [{"text": "Princess Obreskoff.", "answer_start": 439}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Jenny Lind visit Chopin?", "id": "56d381b459d6e41400146595", "answers": [{"text": "June 1849", "answer_start": 467}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At the end of November, Chopin returned to Paris. He passed the winter in unremitting illness, but gave occasional lessons and was visited by friends, including Delacroix and Franchomme. Occasionally he played, or accompanied the singing of Delfina Potocka, for his friends. During the summer of 1849, his friends found him an apartment in Chaillot, out of the centre of the city, for which the rent was secretly subsidised by an admirer, Princess Obreskoff. Here in June 1849 he was visited by Jenny Lind."}], ["Dengan kesihatannya semakin merosot, Chopin mahu mempunyai seorang ahli keluarga bersamanya. Pada bulan Jun 1849, kakaknya Ludwika datang ke Paris bersama suaminya dan anak perempuannya, dan pada bulan September, disokong oleh pinjaman dari Jane Stirling, dia mengambil sebuah apartemen di Place Vend\u00f4me 12. Selepas 15 Oktober, ketika keadaannya berubah menjadi semakin buruk , hanya segelintir sahabat terdekatnya yang tinggal bersama dia, walaupun Viardot berkata dengan sungguh-sungguh bahawa \"semua wanita Paris yang paling besar menganggapnya royur untuk pengsan di dalam biliknya.\" <> Bilakah adik perempuannya tinggal bersama Chopin? || Jun 1849 <> Pada bulan September 1849 di mana Chopin mengambil kediaman? || Place Vend\u00f4me 12 <> Keluarga mana yang datang ke Paris pada bulan Jun 1849? || kakaknya <> yang menemani kakak Chopin ke Paris? || suaminya dan anaknya <> Siapa yang memberi pinjaman kepada Chopin pada bulan September untuk sebuah apartmen? || Jane Stirling <> Apa wanita Paris menganggap etika yang betul apabila di dalam bilik Chopin? || untuk pengsan", {"qas": [{"question": "When did his sister come to stay with Chopin?", "id": "56cfe911234ae51400d9c085", "answers": [{"text": "June 1849", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In September 1849 where did Chopin take up residence?", "id": "56cfe911234ae51400d9c086", "answers": [{"text": "Place Vend\u00f4me 12", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which family member came to Paris in June 1849?", "id": "56d3823659d6e414001465b6", "answers": [{"text": "his sister", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who accompanied Chopin's sister to Paris?", "id": "56d3823659d6e414001465b7", "answers": [{"text": "her husband and daughter", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who gave Chopin a loan in September for an apartment?", "id": "56d3823659d6e414001465b8", "answers": [{"text": "Jane Stirling", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Parisian ladies consider proper etiquette when in Chopin's room?", "id": "56d3823659d6e414001465b9", "answers": [{"text": "to faint", "answer_start": 493}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "With his health further deteriorating, Chopin desired to have a family member with him. In June 1849 his sister Ludwika came to Paris with her husband and daughter, and in September, supported by a loan from Jane Stirling, he took an apartment at Place Vend\u00f4me 12. After 15 October, when his condition took a marked turn for the worse, only a handful of his closest friends remained with him, although Viardot remarked sardonically that \"all the grand Parisian ladies considered it de rigueur to faint in his room.\""}], ["Muzik Chopin telah digunakan pada ballet Chopiniana tahun 1909, yang ditulis oleh Michel Fokine dan dirancang oleh Alexander Glazunov. Sergei Diaghilev menugaskan penghormatan tambahan-dari Stravinsky, Anatoly Lyadov, Sergei Taneyev dan Nikolai Tcherepnin-untuk produksi kemudian, yang menggunakan gelaran Les Sylphides. <> Apakah nama balet yang termasuk kerja Chopin? || Chopiniana <> Siapa yang membuat koreografi balet yang termasuk kerja Chopin? || Michel Fokine <> Chopiniana kemudian pergi dengan nama yang berlainan, apa nama itu? || Les Sylphides <> Siapa yang merancang Chopiniana? || Alexander Glazunov <> Tahun apa Chopiniana dibebaskan? || 1909 <> Yang mana 1909 balet menggunakan muzik Chopin? || Chopiniana <> Siapa Choreographed Chopiniana? || Michel Fokine <> Siapa yang telah mengatur Chopiniana? || Alexander Glazunov. <> Sergei Diaghilev memperoleh pertunjukan tambahan untuk produksi berikutnya, menggunakan gelar mana? || Les Sylphides.", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the ballet that included Chopin's work?", "id": "56cf5433aab44d1400b88fee", "answers": [{"text": "Chopiniana", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who choreographed a ballet which included Chopin's work?", "id": "56cf5433aab44d1400b88fef", "answers": [{"text": "Michel Fokine", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopiniana later went by a different name, what is that name?", "id": "56cf5433aab44d1400b88ff0", "answers": [{"text": "Les Sylphides", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who orchestrated Chopiniana?", "id": "56cf5433aab44d1400b88ff1", "answers": [{"text": "Alexander Glazunov", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the Chopiniana released?", "id": "56cf5433aab44d1400b88ff2", "answers": [{"text": "1909", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which 1909 ballet used Chopin's music?", "id": "56d3a9bb2ccc5a1400d82dda", "answers": [{"text": "Chopiniana", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who choreographed Chopiniana?", "id": "56d3a9bb2ccc5a1400d82ddb", "answers": [{"text": "Michel Fokine", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who orchestrated Chopiniana?", "id": "56d3a9bb2ccc5a1400d82ddc", "answers": [{"text": "Alexander Glazunov.", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Sergei Diaghilev obtained additional orchestrations for subsequent productions, using which title?", "id": "56d3a9bb2ccc5a1400d82ddd", "answers": [{"text": "Les Sylphides.", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin's music was used in the 1909 ballet Chopiniana, choreographed by Michel Fokine and orchestrated by Alexander Glazunov. Sergei Diaghilev commissioned additional orchestrations\u2014from Stravinsky, Anatoly Lyadov, Sergei Taneyev and Nikolai Tcherepnin\u2014for later productions, which used the title Les Sylphides."}], ["Beberapa rakannya memberikan muzik atas permintaannya; antara mereka, Potocka bernyanyi dan Franchomme memainkan cello. Chopin meminta agar mayatnya dibuka selepas kematian (kerana takut dikebumikan hidup) dan hatinya kembali ke Warsaw di mana ia terletak di Gereja Salib Suci. Dia juga mewariskan nota belum selesainya mengenai kaedah tuisyen piano, Projet de m\u00e9thode, kepada Alkan untuk diselesaikan. Pada 17 Oktober, selepas tengah malam, doktor itu bersandar di atasnya dan bertanya sama ada dia sangat menderita. \"Tidak lagi,\" jawabnya. Dia meninggal beberapa minit sebelum jam dua pagi. Mereka yang hadir di tempat tidur maut itu menyertakan kakaknya, Ludwika, Puteri Marcelina Czartoryska, anak perempuan Sand, Solange, dan teman dekatnya, Thomas Albrecht. Kemudian pagi itu, suami Solange, Cl\u00e9singer membuat topeng kematian Chopin dan pelukis tangan kirinya. <> Kenapa permintaan Chopin dipotong terbuka selepas kematiannya? || takut akan dikuburkan hidup <> Apa yang Chopin menjawab kepada doktor apabila ditanya apakah dia menderita? || \"Tidak lagi\" <> Siapa yang membuat topeng kematian Chopin? || Cl\u00e9singer <> Kenapa Chopin mahu badannya dibuka apabila dia mati? || takut akan dikebumikan hidup <> Apa suami Solange membuat jam selepas kematian Chopin bersama topeng kematiannya? || pelakon tangan kirinya.", {"qas": [{"question": "Why did Chopin request being cut open after his death?", "id": "56cfe9df234ae51400d9c0a1", "answers": [{"text": "fear of being buried alive", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Chopin reply to the doctor when asked is he was suffering?", "id": "56cfe9df234ae51400d9c0a3", "answers": [{"text": "\"No longer\"", "answer_start": 492}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who made Chopin's death mask?", "id": "56cfe9df234ae51400d9c0a4", "answers": [{"text": "Cl\u00e9singer", "answer_start": 781}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did Chopin want his body opened when he died?", "id": "56d38a4a59d6e414001466bb", "answers": [{"text": "fear of being buried alive", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Solange's husband make hours after Chopin's death along with his death mask?", "id": "56d38a4a59d6e414001466bf", "answers": [{"text": "a cast of his left hand.", "answer_start": 820}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some of his friends provided music at his request; among them, Potocka sang and Franchomme played the cello. Chopin requested that his body be opened after death (for fear of being buried alive) and his heart returned to Warsaw where it rests at the Church of the Holy Cross. He also bequeathed his unfinished notes on a piano tuition method, Projet de m\u00e9thode, to Alkan for completion. On 17 October, after midnight, the physician leaned over him and asked whether he was suffering greatly. \"No longer\", he replied. He died a few minutes before two o'clock in the morning. Those present at the deathbed appear to have included his sister Ludwika, Princess Marcelina Czartoryska, Sand's daughter Solange, and his close friend Thomas Albrecht. Later that morning, Solange's husband Cl\u00e9singer made Chopin's death mask and a cast of his left hand."}], ["Perpustakaan British menyatakan bahawa \"karya Chopin telah direkodkan oleh semua pianis besar era rakaman.\" Rakaman terawal adalah prestasi 1895 oleh Paul Pabst dari Nocturne di E major Op. Laman web British Library menyediakan beberapa rakaman bersejarah, termasuk beberapa oleh Alfred Cortot, Ignaz Friedman, Vladimir Horowitz, Benno Moiseiwitsch, Paderewski, Arthur Rubinstein, Xaver Scharwenka dan banyak lagi. Discography rekod yang dipilih Chopin berfungsi oleh pianis yang mewakili pelbagai tradisi pedagogi yang berpunca dari Chopin diberikan oleh Methuen-Campbell dalam karyanya mengesan keturunan dan watak tradisi tersebut. <> Tahun apa rakaman Chopin terawal dibuat? || 1895 <> Apakah tajuk rekod yang paling awal mengenai kerja Chopin? || Nocturne dalam E utama Op. 62 No. 2 <> Siapa yang memainkan rakaman terdahulu karya Chopin? || Paul Pabst <> Apa yang telah dinyatakan bahawa setiap pemain piano di era rakaman telah menggunakan muzik Chopin? || Perpustakaan British <> Bilakah Pabst mencatatkan prestasi Chopinnya? || 1895 <> Siapa yang telah memberikan diskografi representasi pianis mengenai gaya pedagogi Chopin? || Methuen-Campbell", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was the earliest Chopin recording created?", "id": "56cf5284aab44d1400b88fca", "answers": [{"text": "1895", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the title of the earliest known recording of Chopin's work?", "id": "56cf5284aab44d1400b88fcb", "answers": [{"text": "Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who played the earlier known recording of Chopin's work?", "id": "56cf5284aab44d1400b88fcc", "answers": [{"text": "Paul Pabst", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has stated that every pianist in the recording era has used Chopin's music?", "id": "56d3aab62ccc5a1400d82dea", "answers": [{"text": "The British Library", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Pabst record his Chopin performance?", "id": "56d3aab62ccc5a1400d82dec", "answers": [{"text": "1895", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has given a discography of pianists' representation of Chopin's pedagogic style?", "id": "56d3aab62ccc5a1400d82ded", "answers": [{"text": "Methuen-Campbell", "answer_start": 586}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The British Library notes that \"Chopin's works have been recorded by all the great pianists of the recording era.\" The earliest recording was an 1895 performance by Paul Pabst of the Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2. The British Library site makes available a number of historic recordings, including some by Alfred Cortot, Ignaz Friedman, Vladimir Horowitz, Benno Moiseiwitsch, Paderewski, Arthur Rubinstein, Xaver Scharwenka and many others. A select discography of recordings of Chopin works by pianists representing the various pedagogic traditions stemming from Chopin is given by Methuen-Campbell in his work tracing the lineage and character of those traditions."}], ["Pada akhir musim panas, dia dijemput oleh Jane Stirling untuk melawat Scotland, di mana dia tinggal di Calder House berhampiran Edinburgh dan di Johnstone Castle di Renfrewshire, kedua-duanya dimiliki oleh ahli keluarga Stirling. Beliau jelas mempunyai tanggapan untuk melampaui persahabatan semata-mata, dan Chopin diwajibkan untuk menjelaskan kepadanya bahawa ini tidak mungkin begitu. Beliau menulis pada masa ini kepada Grzyma\u0142a \"Wanita-wanita Skotlandia saya baik, tetapi lubang-lubang seperti itu\", dan menjawab khabar angin tentang penglibatannya, menjawab bahawa dia \"lebih dekat dengan kubur daripada tempat tidur.\" Dia memberi konsert awam di Glasgow pada 27 September, dan satu lagi di Edinburgh, di Bilik Hopetoun di Queen Street (sekarang Erskine House) pada 4 Oktober. Pada akhir Oktober 1848, sementara tinggal di 10 Warriston Crescent di Edinburgh dengan doktor Poland, Adam \u0141yszczy\u0144ski, dia menulis wasiat terakhirnya dan bukti - \"sejenis pelupusan yang dibuat dari bahan saya di masa depan, jika saya harus jatuh mati di suatu tempat \", dia menulis kepada Grzyma\u0142a. <> Di mana Jane Stirling menjemput Chopin? || Scotland <> Apa doktor dengan Chopin ketika dia menulis kehendaknya? || Adam \u0141yszczy\u0144ski <> Di mana Chopin dijemput pada akhir musim panas? || Scotland <> Apa bandar yang dilakukan Chopin pada 27 September? || Glasgow <> Apa yang ditulis Chopin semasa tinggal bersama Doktor Adam \u0141yszczy\u0144ski? || akan", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did Jane Stirling invite Chopin?", "id": "56cfe792234ae51400d9c05b", "answers": [{"text": "Scotland", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What doctor was with Chopin when he wrote out his will?", "id": "56cfe792234ae51400d9c05c", "answers": [{"text": "Adam \u0141yszczy\u0144ski", "answer_start": 777}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Chopin invited to in late summer?", "id": "56d3740c59d6e41400146423", "answers": [{"text": "Scotland", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city did Chopin perform at on September 27?", "id": "56d3740c59d6e41400146426", "answers": [{"text": "Glasgow", "answer_start": 554}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Chopin write while staying with Doctor Adam \u0141yszczy\u0144ski?", "id": "56d3740c59d6e41400146427", "answers": [{"text": "will", "answer_start": 817}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In late summer he was invited by Jane Stirling to visit Scotland, where he stayed at Calder House near Edinburgh and at Johnstone Castle in Renfrewshire, both owned by members of Stirling's family. She clearly had a notion of going beyond mere friendship, and Chopin was obliged to make it clear to her that this could not be so. He wrote at this time to Grzyma\u0142a \"My Scottish ladies are kind, but such bores\", and responding to a rumour about his involvement, answered that he was \"closer to the grave than the nuptial bed.\" He gave a public concert in Glasgow on 27 September, and another in Edinburgh, at the Hopetoun Rooms on Queen Street (now Erskine House) on 4 October. In late October 1848, while staying at 10 Warriston Crescent in Edinburgh with the Polish physician Adam \u0141yszczy\u0144ski, he wrote out his last will and testament\u2014\"a kind of disposition to be made of my stuff in the future, if I should drop dead somewhere\", he wrote to Grzyma\u0142a."}], ["Muzik Chopin masih sangat popular dan sering dilakukan, direkodkan dan disiarkan di seluruh dunia. Persaingan muzik monograf tertua di dunia, Pertandingan Piano Antarabangsa Chopin, yang ditubuhkan pada tahun 1927, diadakan setiap lima tahun di Warsaw. The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland menyenaraikan laman webnya lebih daripada lapan puluh masyarakat di seluruh dunia yang dikhaskan untuk komposer dan muziknya. Laman Institut juga menyenaraikan hampir 1,500 persembahan kerja Chopin di YouTube pada Januari 2014. <> Apakah nama pertandingan esei muzik tertua? || Pertandingan Piano Chopin Antarabangsa <> Tahun berapa adalah Pertandingan Piano Antarabangsa Chopin diasaskan? || 1927 <> Dimana Pertandingan Piano Antarabangsa Chopin diadakan? || Warsaw <> Berapa kerapkah Pertandingan Piano Antarabangsa Chopin diadakan? || setiap lima tahun <> The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland termasuk kira-kira berapa banyak rakaman karya Chopin dari Youtube? || 1,500 <> Apakah persaingan muzik monograf tertua di dunia? || Pertandingan Piano Antarabangsa Chopin <> Kapan Pertandingan Piano Antarabangsa Chopin ditubuhkan? || 1927 <> Terdapat lebih daripada 80 masyarakat di seluruh dunia yang telah ditubuhkan kerana Chopin dan muziknya mengikut siapa? || The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland <> Berapa banyak karya muzik Chopin yang diketahui di YouTube sehingga awal tahun 2014? || hampir 1,500", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the oldest music essay competition?", "id": "56cf5376aab44d1400b88fd8", "answers": [{"text": "International Chopin Piano Competition", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the International Chopin Piano Competition founded?", "id": "56cf5376aab44d1400b88fd9", "answers": [{"text": "1927", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the International Chopin Piano Competition held?", "id": "56cf5376aab44d1400b88fda", "answers": [{"text": "Warsaw", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How often is the International Chopin Piano Competition held?", "id": "56cf5376aab44d1400b88fdb", "answers": [{"text": "every five years", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland includes approximately how many recordings of Chopin's work from Youtube?", "id": "56cf5376aab44d1400b88fdc", "answers": [{"text": "1,500", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the world's oldest monographic music competition?", "id": "56d3aa352ccc5a1400d82de2", "answers": [{"text": "the International Chopin Piano Competition", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the International Chopin Piano Competition established?", "id": "56d3aa352ccc5a1400d82de3", "answers": [{"text": "1927", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "There are over 80 societies throughout the world that have been established because of Chopin and his music according to who?", "id": "56d3aa352ccc5a1400d82de4", "answers": [{"text": "The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many known works of Chopin's music were on YouTube up to the beginning of 2014?", "id": "56d3aa352ccc5a1400d82de5", "answers": [{"text": "nearly 1,500", "answer_start": 408}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin's music remains very popular and is regularly performed, recorded and broadcast worldwide. The world's oldest monographic music competition, the International Chopin Piano Competition, founded in 1927, is held every five years in Warsaw. The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland lists on its website over eighty societies world-wide devoted to the composer and his music. The Institute site also lists nearly 1,500 performances of Chopin works on YouTube as of January 2014."}], ["Di London Chopin mengambil penginapan di Dover Street, di mana firma Broadwood menyediakannya dengan piano besar. Pada pertunangan pertamanya, pada 15 Mei di Stafford House, penonton termasuk Queen Victoria dan Prince Albert. Putera yang sendiri seorang pemuzik berbakat, bergerak dekat dengan papan kekunci untuk melihat teknik Chopin. Broadwood juga mengadakan konsert untuknya; Antara yang hadir ialah Thackeray dan penyanyi Jenny Lind. Chopin juga dicari untuk pelajaran piano, yang mana dia mengenakan yuran tinggi satu guinea (\u00a3 1.05 dalam mata wang British sekarang) per jam, dan untuk recital peribadi yang mana yuran itu adalah 20 guineas. Pada konsert pada 7 Julai dia berkongsi platform dengan Viardot, yang menyanyikan susunan beberapa mazurkasnya kepada teks bahasa Sepanyol. <> Di mana Chopin tinggal di London? || Dover Street <> Apa syarikat menyediakan Chopin dengan piano sementara di London? || Broadwood <> Di mana prestasi awal Chopin? || Stafford House <> Apa dua orang tetamu terkenal hadir semasa persembahan perdana di Stafford House? || Ratu Victoria dan Putera Albert <> Apa tarikh dia melakukan dengan Viardot? || 7 Julai <> Apa yang mendorong Chopin tinggal di London? || Dover Street <> Apa yang Broadway menyediakan untuk Chopin? || sebuah piano besar. <> Apa dua penghuni di mana pada pertunjukan pertamanya di London? || Queen Victoria dan Putera Albert. <> Selain mendengarnya bermain, apa lagi yang dicari orang dari Chopin di London? || pelajaran piano <> Siapa yang menyanyikan perkahwinannya pada 7 Julai tahun ini Chopin berada di London? || Viardot", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did Chopin stay while in London?", "id": "56cfe6cf234ae51400d9c03b", "answers": [{"text": "Dover Street", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company provided Chopin with a piano while in London?", "id": "56cfe6cf234ae51400d9c03c", "answers": [{"text": "Broadwood", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Chopin's initial performance?", "id": "56cfe6cf234ae51400d9c03d", "answers": [{"text": "Stafford House", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two notable guests were present during his premiere performance at Stafford House?", "id": "56cfe6cf234ae51400d9c03e", "answers": [{"text": "Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What date did he perform with Viardot?", "id": "56cfe6cf234ae51400d9c03f", "answers": [{"text": "7 July", "answer_start": 647}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What steet did Chopin stay on in London?", "id": "56d372e959d6e41400146401", "answers": [{"text": "Dover Street", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Broadway provide for Chopin?", "id": "56d372e959d6e41400146402", "answers": [{"text": "a grand piano.", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two dignitaries where at his first performance in London?", "id": "56d372e959d6e41400146403", "answers": [{"text": "Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to hearing him play, what else did people seek from Chopin in London?", "id": "56d372e959d6e41400146404", "answers": [{"text": "piano lessons", "answer_start": 463}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who sang chopin arrangements on July 7 of the year Chopin was in London?", "id": "56d372e959d6e41400146405", "answers": [{"text": "Viardot", "answer_start": 682}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In London Chopin took lodgings at Dover Street, where the firm of Broadwood provided him with a grand piano. At his first engagement, on 15 May at Stafford House, the audience included Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. The Prince, who was himself a talented musician, moved close to the keyboard to view Chopin's technique. Broadwood also arranged concerts for him; among those attending were Thackeray and the singer Jenny Lind. Chopin was also sought after for piano lessons, for which he charged the high fee of one guinea (\u00a31.05 in present British currency) per hour, and for private recitals for which the fee was 20 guineas. At a concert on 7 July he shared the platform with Viardot, who sang arrangements of some of his mazurkas to Spanish texts."}], ["Lebih 230 karya Chopin bertahan; beberapa komposisi dari awal kanak-kanak telah hilang. Semua karya yang diketahuinya melibatkan piano, dan hanya beberapa lagu di luar muzik piano solo, sama ada konsert piano, lagu atau muzik ruang. <> Berapa banyak karya Chopin yang masih wujud? || Lebih 230 <> Semua potongannya termasuk instrumen apa? || piano <> Berapa banyak kepingan Chopin yang diketahui telah selamat? || Lebih daripada 230 <> Hanya beberapa keping Chopin melibatkan lebih daripada piano, termasuk konsert piano, lagu dan apa? || ruang muzik.", {"qas": [{"question": "How many of Chopin's works still exist?", "id": "56cfec7b234ae51400d9c0d7", "answers": [{"text": "Over 230", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "All of his pieces include what instrument?", "id": "56cfec7b234ae51400d9c0d8", "answers": [{"text": "piano", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Chopin pieces are known to have survived?", "id": "56d38cfe59d6e4140014673b", "answers": [{"text": "Over 230", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Only a few of Chopin's pieces involve more than the piano, including piano concertos, songs and what?", "id": "56d38cfe59d6e4140014673c", "answers": [{"text": "chamber music.", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Over 230 works of Chopin survive; some compositions from early childhood have been lost. All his known works involve the piano, and only a few range beyond solo piano music, as either piano concertos, songs or chamber music."}], ["Pengebumian yang diadakan di Gereja Madeleine di Paris, ditangguhkan hampir dua minggu, sehingga 30 Oktober. Kemasukan terhad kepada pemegang tiket kerana banyak orang dijangka hadir. Lebih 3,000 orang tiba tanpa undangan, dari sejauh London, Berlin dan Vienna, dan dikecualikan. <> Di mana pengebumian Chopin diadakan? || Gereja Madeleine <> Berapa lamakah masa penguburan Chopin ditangguhkan? || dua minggu <> Berapa ramai orang yang datang untuk pengebumian Chopin? || Lebih 3,000 <> Di mana pengebumian Chopin diadakan? || Gereja Madeleine di Paris <> Berapa lamakah pengasingan Chopin ditangguhkan? || dua minggu <> Berapa ramai orang yang tiba tanpa jemputan? || Lebih 3,000", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was Chopin's funeral held?", "id": "56cfeae2234ae51400d9c0b9", "answers": [{"text": "Church of the Madeleine", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long was Chopin's funeral delayed?", "id": "56cfeae2234ae51400d9c0ba", "answers": [{"text": "two weeks", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people arrived for Chopin's funeral?", "id": "56cfeae2234ae51400d9c0bb", "answers": [{"text": "Over 3,000", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Chopin's funeral held?", "id": "56d38ba459d6e414001466e7", "answers": [{"text": "the Church of the Madeleine in Paris", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long was Chopin's funeral delayed?", "id": "56d38ba459d6e414001466e8", "answers": [{"text": "two weeks", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people arrived without an invitation?", "id": "56d38ba459d6e414001466eb", "answers": [{"text": "Over 3,000", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The funeral, held at the Church of the Madeleine in Paris, was delayed almost two weeks, until 30 October. Entrance was restricted to ticket holders as many people were expected to attend. Over 3,000 people arrived without invitations, from as far as London, Berlin and Vienna, and were excluded."}], ["Chopin dididik dalam tradisi Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart dan Clementi; dia menggunakan kaedah piano Clementi dengan pelajarnya sendiri. Dia juga dipengaruhi oleh pembangunan virtuoso Hummel, namun Mozartian, teknik piano. Beliau mengutip Bach dan Mozart sebagai dua komposer paling penting dalam membentuk pandangan musikalnya. Kerja-kerja awal Chopin adalah dalam gaya papan kekunci \"cemerlang\" zamannya seperti yang dicontohkan oleh karya-karya Ignaz Moscheles, Friedrich Kalkbrenner, dan lain-lain. Kurang langsung dalam tempoh terdahulu adalah pengaruh muzik rakyat Poland dan opera Itali. Kebanyakan dari apa yang menjadi gaya hiasan tipikalnya (contohnya, fioriture) diambil dari nyanyian. Garis-garis melodiknya semakin mengingatkan mod dan ciri-ciri muzik negara asalnya, seperti dron. <> Kaedah piano yang Chopin mengajar para pelajarnya? || Clementi <> Kaedah piano yang digunakan Chopin dengan muridnya? || Clementi <> Siapa yang Chopin katakan adalah dua komposer paling penting dalam pengaruh muziknya sendiri? || Bach dan Mozart <> Chopin memandang kepada Beethoven, Mozart, Clementi dan siapa untuk pendidikan muziknya sendiri? || Haydn", {"qas": [{"question": "Whose piano method did Chopin teach his students?", "id": "56cfed0f234ae51400d9c0db", "answers": [{"text": "Clementi", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose piano method did Chopin use with his students?", "id": "56d38d6559d6e4140014674f", "answers": [{"text": "Clementi", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Chopin say were the two most important composers in his own music influences?", "id": "56d38d6559d6e41400146750", "answers": [{"text": "Bach and Mozart", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin looked to Beethoven, Mozart, Clementi and who for his own music education?", "id": "56d38d6559d6e41400146751", "answers": [{"text": "Haydn", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin was educated in the tradition of Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart and Clementi; he used Clementi's piano method with his own students. He was also influenced by Hummel's development of virtuoso, yet Mozartian, piano technique. He cited Bach and Mozart as the two most important composers in shaping his musical outlook. Chopin's early works are in the style of the \"brilliant\" keyboard pieces of his era as exemplified by the works of Ignaz Moscheles, Friedrich Kalkbrenner, and others. Less direct in the earlier period are the influences of Polish folk music and of Italian opera. Much of what became his typical style of ornamentation (for example, his fioriture) is taken from singing. His melodic lines were increasingly reminiscent of the modes and features of the music of his native country, such as drones."}], ["Chopin mengambil genre salon baru nocturne, yang dicipta oleh komposer Ireland John Field, ke tahap kecanggihan yang lebih mendalam. Dia adalah yang pertama menulis ballad dan scherzi sebagai kepingan konsert individu. Dia pada asasnya menubuhkan satu genre baru dengan set sendiri preludes berdiri bebas (Op. 28, diterbitkan 1839). Beliau mengeksploitasi potensi puisi konsep konsert \u00e9tude, yang telah dibangunkan pada 1820-an dan 1830-an oleh Liszt, Clementi dan Moscheles, dalam dua set kajiannya (Op. 10 yang diterbitkan pada 1833, Op. 25 pada tahun 1837). <> Siapa yang dikreditkan dengan mencipta nocturne? || John Field <> Chopin adalah orang pertama yang membuat apa-apa sebagai konsert tunggal tunggal? || balada dan scherzi <> Apa genre baru di John Field sedar? || nocturne <> Chopin terlebih dahulu menulis apa untuk konsert? || balada dan scherzi <> Apa konsep muzik yang dilakukan oleh Chopin? || konsert \u00e9tude <> Apa tiga ahli muzik lain sedang mengembangkan genre baru? || Liszt, Clementi dan Moscheles", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is credited with creating the nocturne?", "id": "56cfed8a234ae51400d9c0e1", "answers": [{"text": "John Field", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin was the first person to create what as singular concert pieces?", "id": "56cfed8a234ae51400d9c0e2", "answers": [{"text": "ballades and scherzi", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What new genre di John Field invent?", "id": "56d38fa059d6e41400146771", "answers": [{"text": "nocturne", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin was first in writing what for concerts?", "id": "56d38fa059d6e41400146772", "answers": [{"text": "ballades and scherzi", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What musical concept did Chopin exploit?", "id": "56d38fa059d6e41400146773", "answers": [{"text": "concert \u00e9tude", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What three other musicians were developing the new genre?", "id": "56d38fa059d6e41400146774", "answers": [{"text": "Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin took the new salon genre of the nocturne, invented by the Irish composer John Field, to a deeper level of sophistication. He was the first to write ballades and scherzi as individual concert pieces. He essentially established a new genre with his own set of free-standing preludes (Op. 28, published 1839). He exploited the poetic potential of the concept of the concert \u00e9tude, already being developed in the 1820s and 1830s by Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles, in his two sets of studies (Op. 10 published in 1833, Op. 25 in 1837)."}], ["Penyakit Chopin dan penyebab kematiannya telah menjadi perbincangan. Sijil kematiannya memberikan penyebabnya sebagai tuberkulosis, dan doktornya, Jean Cruveilhier, merupakan pihak berkuasa Perancis yang terkemuka mengenai penyakit ini. Kemungkinan lain telah maju termasuk fibrosis cystic, sirosis dan alpha 1-antitrypsin kekurangan. Walau bagaimanapun, penyebab tuberkulosis sebagai punca utama kematian tidak dibuktikan. Kebenaran untuk ujian DNA, yang boleh meletakkan perkara itu untuk berehat, telah ditolak oleh kerajaan Poland. <> Apa yang disenaraikan sebagai penyebab kematian rasmi Chopin? || batuk kering <> Apakah nama doktor Chopin? || Jean Cruveilhier <> Apa yang kerajaan Poland tidak dibenarkan mencari sebab sebenar kematian? || Ujian DNA <> Apakah punca kematian pada sijil kematian Chopin? || batuk kering <> Siapa doktor Chopin? || Jean Cruveilhier <> Kemungkinan lain untuk kematian Chopin termasuk sirosis, kekurangan alpha 1-antitrypsin, dan apa? || fibrosis kistik <> Siapa yang telah menafikan ujian DNA Chopin untuk menentukan punca sebenar kematian? || kerajaan Poland.", {"qas": [{"question": "What is listed as Chopin's official cause of death?", "id": "56cfeaa3234ae51400d9c0b3", "answers": [{"text": "tuberculosis", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Chopin's doctor?", "id": "56cfeaa3234ae51400d9c0b4", "answers": [{"text": "Jean Cruveilhier", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has the Polish government not allowed to find true cause of death?", "id": "56cfeaa3234ae51400d9c0b5", "answers": [{"text": "DNA testing", "answer_start": 450}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the cause of death on Chopin's death certificate?", "id": "56d38ac959d6e414001466cf", "answers": [{"text": "tuberculosis", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Chopin's physician?", "id": "56d38ac959d6e414001466d0", "answers": [{"text": "Jean Cruveilhier", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Other possiblities for Chopin's death include cirrhosis, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, and what?", "id": "56d38ac959d6e414001466d1", "answers": [{"text": "cystic fibrosis", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has denied testing Chopin's DNA to determine the actual cause of death?", "id": "56d38ac959d6e414001466d2", "answers": [{"text": "the Polish government.", "answer_start": 518}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin's disease and the cause of his death have since been a matter of discussion. His death certificate gave the cause as tuberculosis, and his physician, Jean Cruveilhier, was then the leading French authority on this disease. Other possibilities have been advanced including cystic fibrosis, cirrhosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. However, the attribution of tuberculosis as principal cause of death has not been disproved. Permission for DNA testing, which could put the matter to rest, has been denied by the Polish government."}], ["Nombor opus terakhir yang Chopin sendiri digunakan ialah 65, diperuntukkan kepada Cello Sonata dalam G minor. Beliau menyatakan hasrat untuk mati bahawa semua manuskrip yang tidak diterbitkannya dimusnahkan. Atas permintaan ibu dan kakak komposer, bagaimanapun, pelawak muziknya Julian Fontana memilih 23 buah piano yang tidak diterbitkan dan dikumpulkannya menjadi lapan nombor opus lagi (Opp 66-73), yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1855. Pada tahun 1857, 17 lagu-lagu Poland yang Chopin menulis di pelbagai peringkat hidupnya dikumpulkan dan diterbitkan sebagai Op. 74, walaupun pesanan mereka dalam opus itu tidak mencerminkan susunan komposisi. <> Apa nombor terakhir yang diberikan Chopin kepada opus? || 65 <> Siapa pelakon muzik Chopin? || Julian Fontana <> Berapa banyak potongan belum selesai yang dibuat Julian Fontana menjadi lapan nombor opus? || 23 <> Op. 74 terdiri daripada berapa lagu Poland? || 17 <> Apakah nombor opus terakhir yang digunakan oleh Chopin? || 65 <> Siapa yang mengelompokkan 23 buah yang tidak diterbitkan dan menerbitkannya sebagai Opp. 66-73 tahun 1855? || Julian Fontana <> Ketika itu Op. 74 diterbitkan? || 1857", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the last number Chopin gave to an opus?", "id": "56cff00f234ae51400d9c113", "answers": [{"text": "65", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Chopin's musical executor?", "id": "56cff00f234ae51400d9c115", "answers": [{"text": "Julian Fontana", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many unfinished pieces did Julian Fontana make into eight more opus numbers?", "id": "56cff00f234ae51400d9c116", "answers": [{"text": "23", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Op. 74 is made up of how many Polish songs?", "id": "56cff00f234ae51400d9c117", "answers": [{"text": "17", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the last opus number that Chopin used?", "id": "56d3929359d6e4140014679d", "answers": [{"text": "65", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who grouped 23 unpublished pieces and published them as Opp. 66-73 in 1855?", "id": "56d3929359d6e4140014679f", "answers": [{"text": "Julian Fontana", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Op. 74 published?", "id": "56d3929359d6e414001467a1", "answers": [{"text": "1857", "answer_start": 396}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The last opus number that Chopin himself used was 65, allocated to the Cello Sonata in G minor. He expressed a deathbed wish that all his unpublished manuscripts be destroyed. At the request of the composer's mother and sisters, however, his musical executor Julian Fontana selected 23 unpublished piano pieces and grouped them into eight further opus numbers (Opp. 66\u201373), published in 1855. In 1857, 17 Polish songs that Chopin wrote at various stages of his life were collected and published as Op. 74, though their order within the opus did not reflect the order of composition."}], ["Beberapa kepingan terkenal Chopin telah memperoleh tajuk deskriptif, seperti Revolusi \u00c9tude (Op. 10, No. 12), dan Waltz Minit (Op. 64, No. 1). Walau bagaimanapun, dengan pengecualian Funeral Marchnya, komposer itu tidak pernah menamakan karya yang berperanan melampaui genre dan nombor, meninggalkan semua persatuan ekstrimus yang berpotensi kepada pendengar; nama-nama yang mana banyak potongannya diketahui dicipta oleh orang lain. Tidak ada bukti yang menunjukkan bahawa \u00c9tude Revolusi ditulis dengan kegagalan pemberontakan Poland terhadap Rusia dalam fikiran; ia hanya muncul pada masa itu. The Funeral March, pergerakan ketiga Sonata No. 2 (Ops 35), satu kes di mana dia memberikan gelaran, ditulis sebelum seluruh sonata, tetapi tidak ada peristiwa atau kematian tertentu diketahui telah memberi inspirasi kepadanya . <> Apakah opsyen lain Op. 10, No. 12 telah mendapat? || the Revolutionary \u00c9tude <> Apa satu-satunya sekeping Chopin memberikan tajuk sebenar? || Pengebumian Mac <> The Funeral March telah ditulis sebagai sebahagian daripada apa? || Sonata No. 2 <> Berapa banyak karya instrumental yang dilakukan Chopin memberikan nama deskriptif? || satu <> Apa nama deskriptif ialah Op. 10, No. 12 diberikan? || Revolusi \u00c9tude <> Apa nama deskriptif ialah Op. 64, No. 1 diberikan? || Minit Waltz", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another title Op. 10, No. 12 has garnered? ", "id": "56cfef3c234ae51400d9c10d", "answers": [{"text": "the Revolutionary \u00c9tude", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the only piece Chopin gave an actual title to?", "id": "56cfef3c234ae51400d9c10e", "answers": [{"text": "Funeral March", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Funeral March was written as part of what piece?", "id": "56cfef3c234ae51400d9c10f", "answers": [{"text": "Sonata No. 2", "answer_start": 623}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many instrumental works did Chopin give a descriptive name to?", "id": "56d3913859d6e41400146793", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 650}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What descriptive name was Op. 10, No. 12 given?", "id": "56d3913859d6e41400146795", "answers": [{"text": "Revolutionary \u00c9tude", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What descriptive name was Op. 64, No. 1 given?", "id": "56d3913859d6e41400146796", "answers": [{"text": "Minute Waltz", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some of Chopin's well-known pieces have acquired descriptive titles, such as the Revolutionary \u00c9tude (Op. 10, No. 12), and the Minute Waltz (Op. 64, No. 1). However, with the exception of his Funeral March, the composer never named an instrumental work beyond genre and number, leaving all potential extramusical associations to the listener; the names by which many of his pieces are known were invented by others. There is no evidence to suggest that the Revolutionary \u00c9tude was written with the failed Polish uprising against Russia in mind; it merely appeared at that time. The Funeral March, the third movement of his Sonata No. 2 (Op. 35), the one case where he did give a title, was written before the rest of the sonata, but no specific event or death is known to have inspired it."}], ["Batu nisan Chopin, yang menampilkan ceramah muzik, Euterpe, menangis di atas lori yang patah, direka dan diukir oleh Cl\u00e9singer. Perbelanjaan pengebumian dan monumen, berjumlah 5,000 franc, diliputi oleh Jane Stirling, yang juga membayar pulangan kakak komposer Ludwika ke Warsaw. Ludwika mengambil hati Chopin dalam gandum, dipelihara dalam alkohol, kembali ke Poland pada tahun 1850. [n 9] Dia juga mengambil koleksi dua ratus huruf dari Pasir ke Chopin; selepas tahun 1851 ini dikembalikan ke Pasir, yang nampaknya telah memusnahkan mereka. <> Siapa yang mengukir batu nisan Chopin? || Cl\u00e9singer <> Apakah nama muse yang diukir pada batu nisan Chopin? || Euterpe <> Berapakah kos pengebumian Chopin? || 5,000 francs <> Siapa yang membayar untuk pengebumian Chopin? || Jane Stirling <> Kakak Chopin, Ludwika mengambil hati dia kembali ke Warsaw yang dipelihara dalam apa? || alkohol <> Siapa yang merancang batu nisan Chopin? || Cl\u00e9singer. <> Berapakah kos pengebumian dan tugu Chopin? || 5,000 francs <> Siapa yang membayar untuk pengebumian Chopin? || Jane Stirling <> Siapa yang mengambil hati Chopin ke Poland? || kakak <> Siapa yang berakhir dengan 200 huruf dari Pasir ke Chopin? || Pasir", {"qas": [{"question": "Who sculpted Chopin's tombstone?", "id": "56cfec4b234ae51400d9c0cd", "answers": [{"text": "Cl\u00e9singer", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the muse carved on Chopin's tombstone?", "id": "56cfec4b234ae51400d9c0ce", "answers": [{"text": "Euterpe", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did Chopin's funeral cost?", "id": "56cfec4b234ae51400d9c0cf", "answers": [{"text": "5,000 francs", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who paid for Chopin's funeral?", "id": "56cfec4b234ae51400d9c0d0", "answers": [{"text": "Jane Stirling", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin's sister Ludwika took his heart back to Warsaw preserved in what?", "id": "56cfec4b234ae51400d9c0d1", "answers": [{"text": "alcohol", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who designed Chopin's tombstone?", "id": "56d38cc659d6e4140014672b", "answers": [{"text": "Cl\u00e9singer.", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did Chopin's funeral and monument cost?", "id": "56d38cc659d6e4140014672c", "answers": [{"text": "5,000 francs", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who paid for Chopin's funeral?", "id": "56d38cc659d6e4140014672d", "answers": [{"text": "Jane Stirling", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who took Chopin's heart to Poland?", "id": "56d38cc659d6e4140014672e", "answers": [{"text": "sister", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ended up with the 200 letters from Sand to Chopin?", "id": "56d38cc659d6e4140014672f", "answers": [{"text": "Sand", "answer_start": 444}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin's tombstone, featuring the muse of music, Euterpe, weeping over a broken lyre, was designed and sculpted by Cl\u00e9singer. The expenses of the funeral and monument, amounting to 5,000 francs, were covered by Jane Stirling, who also paid for the return of the composer's sister Ludwika to Warsaw. Ludwika took Chopin's heart in an urn, preserved in alcohol, back to Poland in 1850.[n 9] She also took a collection of two hundred letters from Sand to Chopin; after 1851 these were returned to Sand, who seems to have destroyed them."}], ["Chopin juga mengurniakan bentuk tarian popular dengan pelbagai melodi dan ekspresi yang lebih besar. Mazurkas Chopin, yang berasal dari tarian tradisional Poland (mazurek), berbeza dengan pelbagai tradisional kerana mereka ditulis untuk dewan konsert dan bukannya dewan tarian; \"ia adalah Chopin yang meletakkan mazurka di peta muzik Eropah.\" Siri tujuh polona yang diterbitkan dalam hidupnya (sembilan lagi telah diterbitkan secara anumerta), bermula dengan Op. 26 pasangan (diterbitkan 1836), tetapkan standard baru untuk muzik dalam bentuk. Waltz-Nya juga ditulis khusus untuk salital recital dan bukannya ballroom dan sering pada tempos yang lebih cepat daripada setara lantai tarian mereka. <> Berapa banyak polonaises yang diterbitkan semasa Chopin tinggal? || tujuh <> Berapa banyak polonaise yang diterbitkan selepas Chopin meninggal? || sembilan <> Chopin dikreditkan untuk membuat apa yang lebih dikenali di peringkat antarabangsa? || mazurkas <> Apa yang berbeza mengenai waltz Chopin berbanding waltz tarian? || tempos yang lebih cepat <> Apa yang Chopin menambah kepada tarian moden zamannya? || pelbagai melodi dan ekspresi yang lebih besar. <> Muzik tarian Poland Chopin telah dibangunkan untuk apa jenis dewan? || dewan konsert <> Apa yang Chopin bertanggungjawab untuk membuat popular dengan Euorpeans? || mazurka <> Berapa banyak poligon Chopin diterbitkan selepas kematiannya? || sembilan <> Apa muzik tarian Chopin ditulis lebih banyak untuk recitals daripada ballrooms? || waltzes", {"qas": [{"question": "How many polonaises were published while Chopin lived?", "id": "56cfee5d234ae51400d9c0f7", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many polonaises were published after Chopin died?", "id": "56cfee5d234ae51400d9c0f8", "answers": [{"text": "nine", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin was credited for making what more internationally known?", "id": "56cfee5d234ae51400d9c0f9", "answers": [{"text": "mazurkas", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is different about Chopin's waltzes versus a ballroom waltz?", "id": "56cfee5d234ae51400d9c0fa", "answers": [{"text": "faster tempos", "answer_start": 660}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Chopin add to the modern dance of his era?", "id": "56d390b559d6e41400146789", "answers": [{"text": "greater range of melody and expression.", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin's Polish dance music was developed for what type of hall?", "id": "56d390b559d6e4140014678a", "answers": [{"text": "concert hall", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Chopin responsible for making popular with Euorpeans?", "id": "56d390b559d6e4140014678b", "answers": [{"text": "the mazurka", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Chopin polonaises were published after his death?", "id": "56d390b559d6e4140014678c", "answers": [{"text": "nine", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What dance music of Chopin was written more for recitals than ballrooms?", "id": "56d390b559d6e4140014678d", "answers": [{"text": "waltzes", "answer_start": 545}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin also endowed popular dance forms with a greater range of melody and expression. Chopin's mazurkas, while originating in the traditional Polish dance (the mazurek), differed from the traditional variety in that they were written for the concert hall rather than the dance hall; \"it was Chopin who put the mazurka on the European musical map.\" The series of seven polonaises published in his lifetime (another nine were published posthumously), beginning with the Op. 26 pair (published 1836), set a new standard for music in the form. His waltzes were also written specifically for the salon recital rather than the ballroom and are frequently at rather faster tempos than their dance-floor equivalents."}], ["Requiem Mozart dinyanyikan di pengebumian; solois adalah soprano Jeanne-Anais Castellan, mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, tenor Alexis Dupont, dan bass Luigi Lablache; Chopin's Preludes No. 4 dalam E minor dan No. 6 dalam minor B juga dimainkan. Organisma di pengebumian itu adalah Louis Lef\u00e9bure-W\u00e9ly. Perarakan penguburan ke Pemakaman P\u00e8re Lachaise, yang termasuk kakak Chopin, Ludwika, dipimpin oleh putera tua Adam Czartoryski. Para penagih termasuk Delacroix, Franchomme, dan Camille Pleyel. Di kubur itu, Funeral March dari Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 dimainkan, di instrumentasi Reber. <> Lagu apa yang dinyanyikan di pengebumian Chopin? || Mozart's Requiem <> Siapa ahli organ di pengebumian Chopin? || Louis Lef\u00e9bure-W\u00e9ly <> Siapa yang mengetuai prosesi pemakaman Chopin? || Putera Adam Czartoryski <> Apa yang dimainkan di kuburnya? || Pengebumian Mac dari Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 <> Apa lagu Mozart dinyanyikan di pengebumian Chopin? || Mozart's Requiem <> Siapa organis untuk pemakaman Chopin? || Louis Lef\u00e9bure-W\u00e9ly <> Pemakaman mana yang Chopin dikebumikan? || P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery <> Siapa yang mengetuai prosesi pemakaman? || Putera Adam Czartoryski <> Apa yang dimainkan di kubur Chopin? || Pengebumian Mac dari Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2", {"qas": [{"question": "What song was sung at Chopin's funeral?", "id": "56cfeb52234ae51400d9c0bf", "answers": [{"text": "Mozart's Requiem", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the organist at Chopin's funeral?", "id": "56cfeb52234ae51400d9c0c0", "answers": [{"text": "Louis Lef\u00e9bure-W\u00e9ly", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who led Chopin's funeral procession?", "id": "56cfeb52234ae51400d9c0c1", "answers": [{"text": "Prince Adam Czartoryski", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was played at his graveside?", "id": "56cfeb52234ae51400d9c0c2", "answers": [{"text": "Funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2", "answer_start": 537}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Mozart song was sung at Chopin's funeral?", "id": "56d38c2b59d6e41400146703", "answers": [{"text": "Mozart's Requiem", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the organist for Chopin's funeral?", "id": "56d38c2b59d6e41400146704", "answers": [{"text": "Louis Lef\u00e9bure-W\u00e9ly", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which cemetery was Chopin buried in?", "id": "56d38c2b59d6e41400146705", "answers": [{"text": "P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who led the funeral procession?", "id": "56d38c2b59d6e41400146706", "answers": [{"text": "Prince Adam Czartoryski", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was played at Chopin's graveside?", "id": "56d38c2b59d6e41400146707", "answers": [{"text": "the Funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2", "answer_start": 533}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Mozart's Requiem was sung at the funeral; the soloists were the soprano Jeanne-Anais Castellan, the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, the tenor Alexis Dupont, and the bass Luigi Lablache; Chopin's Preludes No. 4 in E minor and No. 6 in B minor were also played. The organist at the funeral was Louis Lef\u00e9bure-W\u00e9ly. The funeral procession to P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery, which included Chopin's sister Ludwika, was led by the aged Prince Adam Czartoryski. The pallbearers included Delacroix, Franchomme, and Camille Pleyel. At the graveside, the Funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 was played, in Reber's instrumentation."}], ["Etika Chopin sebahagian besarnya dalam bentuk ternary yang mudah. Beliau menggunakannya untuk mengajar teknik bermain piano sendiri-misalnya bermain dua pertiga (Op. 25, No. 6), bermain di oktaf (Op. 25, No. 10), dan bermain nota berulang (Op. 10, No 7). <> Apa bahagian-bahagiannya yang digunakan Chopin untuk mengajar tekniknya? || \u00e9tudes <> Apa bentuk kebanyakan daripada etanol Chopin? || Chopin sering mengajar teknik piano menggunakan bentuk muzik yang dia tulis? || \u00e9tudes", {"qas": [{"question": "What pieces of his did Chopin use to teach his technique?", "id": "56cff427234ae51400d9c157", "answers": [{"text": "\u00e9tudes", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What form are most of Chopin's \u00e9tudes in?", "id": "56d39c5359d6e4140014680d", "answers": [{"text": "straightforward ternary", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin often taught his piano technique using what form of music he wrote?", "id": "56d39c5359d6e4140014680e", "answers": [{"text": "\u00e9tudes", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin's \u00e9tudes are largely in straightforward ternary form. He used them to teach his own technique of piano playing\u2014for instance playing double thirds (Op. 25, No. 6), playing in octaves (Op. 25, No. 10), and playing repeated notes (Op. 10, No.  7)."}], ["The 21 nocturnes lebih berstruktur, dan kedalaman emosi yang lebih besar daripada Field (yang Chopin bertemu pada tahun 1833). Ramai Chopin nocturnes mempunyai bahagian tengah yang ditandai dengan ekspresi berantakan (dan sering membuat permintaan yang sangat sukar pada pelaku) yang meningkatkan ciri dramatik mereka. <> Berapakah bilangan notcturnes yang dikarang Chopin? || 21 <> Apa itu pertengahan Chopin's nocturnes yang meningkatkan drama mereka? || ungkapan bergoreng <> Chopin's nocturnes lebih berstruktur daripada siapa? || Padang <> Tahun berapa Chopin bertemu Field? || 1833 <> Apa jenis komposit Chopin yang sukar untuk perfomers kerana bahagian pertengahan mereka? || nocturnes", {"qas": [{"question": "How many nocturnes did Chopin compose?", "id": "56cff3f4234ae51400d9c153", "answers": [{"text": "21", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is it about the middle of Chopin's nocturnes that increases their drama?", "id": "56cff3f4234ae51400d9c154", "answers": [{"text": "agitated expression", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin's nocturnes were more structured than who?", "id": "56d39bdf59d6e41400146807", "answers": [{"text": "Field", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Chopin meet Field?", "id": "56d39bdf59d6e41400146808", "answers": [{"text": "1833", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which type of Chopin's compositons were difficult for perfomers due to their middle sections?", "id": "56d39bdf59d6e41400146809", "answers": [{"text": "nocturnes", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The 21 nocturnes are more structured, and of greater emotional depth, than those of Field (whom Chopin met in 1833). Many of the Chopin nocturnes have middle sections marked by agitated expression (and often making very difficult demands on the performer) which heightens their dramatic character."}], ["Mazurkas dan waltzes Chopin semuanya dalam bentuk ternary atau episod yang mudah, kadang-kadang dengan coda. The mazurkas sering menunjukkan lebih banyak ciri rakyat daripada banyak karya lain, kadang-kadang termasuk skala modal dan harmoni dan penggunaan bass drone. Walau bagaimanapun, ada juga yang menunjukkan kecanggihan luar biasa, contohnya Op. 63 No. 3, yang merangkumi kanun pada jarak satu pukulan, sangat jarang dalam muzik. <> Mazurkas Chopin mengandungi lebih banyak daripada apa yang komposisinya? || ciri-ciri rakyat <> Apakah bentuk mazurkas dan waltzes Chopin? || bentuk ternary atau episod yang mudah, kadang-kadang dengan coda. <> Antara karya Chopin yang menunjukkan aspek lebih banyak kaum? || mazurkas <> Jenis bass apa yang dipamerkan mazurkas Chopin? || drone bass <> Apa itu Op Chopin. 63 No. 3 mempunyai yang jarang berlaku? || sebuah kanun pada jarak satu pukulan", {"qas": [{"question": "Chopin's mazurkas contain more of what than his other compositions? ", "id": "56cff351234ae51400d9c14d", "answers": [{"text": "folk features", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What form are Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes in?", "id": "56d39a6a59d6e414001467f3", "answers": [{"text": "straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda.", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of Chopin's works shows more folk aspects?", "id": "56d39a6a59d6e414001467f4", "answers": [{"text": "mazurkas", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of bass do Chopin's mazurkas exhibit?", "id": "56d39a6a59d6e414001467f5", "answers": [{"text": "drone bass", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Chopin's Op. 63 No. 3 have that is rare?", "id": "56d39a6a59d6e414001467f6", "answers": [{"text": "a canon at one beat's distance", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes are all in straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda. The mazurkas often show more folk features than many of his other works, sometimes including modal scales and harmonies and the use of drone basses. However, some also show unusual sophistication, for example Op. 63 No. 3, which includes a canon at one beat's distance, a great rarity in music."}], ["Pola-polimer Chopin memperlihatkan kemajuan yang ketara pada orang-orang pendahulu Polandnya dalam bentuk (yang termasuk guru-gurunya Zywny dan Elsner). Seperti halnya polona tradisional, karya Chopin berada dalam masa tiga kali dan biasanya memaparkan irama tarian dalam melodi, iringan dan irama. Tidak seperti kebanyakan prekursor mereka, mereka juga memerlukan teknik bermain yang hebat. <> Apa masa yang ditulis oleh Chopin? || Tiga kali <> Keupayaan Chopin untuk mencipta polonasi yang lebih maju melepasi dua gurunya, Zywny dan siapa? || Elsner <> Chopin's polonaise sering mempunyai apa irama dalam melodi mereka? || mempertahankan diri <> Chopin's polonaises memerlukan teknik bermain seperti apa? || menggerunkan", {"qas": [{"question": "What time are Chopin's polonaises written in?", "id": "56cff390234ae51400d9c151", "answers": [{"text": "triple time", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin's ability to create an advanced polonasises surpassed even two of his teachers, Zywny and who?", "id": "56d39abf59d6e414001467fd", "answers": [{"text": "Elsner", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin's polonaise often have what kind of rhythm in their melodies?", "id": "56d39abf59d6e414001467fe", "answers": [{"text": "martial", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin's polonaises needed what kind of playing technique?", "id": "56d39abf59d6e414001467ff", "answers": [{"text": "formidable", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin's polonaises show a marked advance on those of his Polish predecessors in the form (who included his teachers Zywny and Elsner). As with the traditional polonaise, Chopin's works are in triple time and typically display a martial rhythm in their melodies, accompaniments and cadences. Unlike most of their precursors, they also require a formidable playing technique."}], ["Kerja-kerja yang diterbitkan sejak 1857 telah menerima sebutan katalog alternatif dan bukan nombor opus. Rujukan muzikologikal standard untuk kerja-kerja Chopin adalah Kobyla\u0144ska Catalog (biasanya diwakili oleh inisial 'KK'), dinamakan untuk pengkompilnya, pakar muzik Poland Krystyna Kobyla\u0144ska. <> Katalog Kobyla\u0144ska dinamakan untuk siapa? || Krystyna Kobyla\u0144ska <> Pieces diterbitkan selepas tahun apa berhenti untuk menerima nombor opus? || 1857 <> Apa yang telah diterbitkan selepas tahun 1857 diberikan berbanding nombor opus? || Rujukan katalog alternatif <> Apakah rujukan ahli muzik semasa untuk kepingan Chopin? || Katalog Kobyla\u0144ska <> Apakah rujukan singkat untuk Katalog Kobyla\u0144ska? || KK <> Siapa yang menyusun Katalog Kobyla\u0144ska? || Krystyna Kobyla\u0144ska.", {"qas": [{"question": "The Kobyla\u0144ska Catalogue was named for who?", "id": "56cff0c3234ae51400d9c123", "answers": [{"text": "Krystyna Kobyla\u0144ska", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Pieces published after what year stopped receiving opus numbers?", "id": "56cff0c3234ae51400d9c124", "answers": [{"text": "1857", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What have pieces published after 1857 been given rather than opus numbers?", "id": "56d3946659d6e414001467af", "answers": [{"text": "alternative catalogue designations", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the current musicologist reference for Chopin's pieces?", "id": "56d3946659d6e414001467b0", "answers": [{"text": "the Kobyla\u0144ska Catalogue", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the shortened reference for the Kobyla\u0144ska Catalogue?", "id": "56d3946659d6e414001467b1", "answers": [{"text": "KK", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who compiled the Kobyla\u0144ska Catalogue?", "id": "56d3946659d6e414001467b2", "answers": [{"text": "Krystyna Kobyla\u0144ska.", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers. The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobyla\u0144ska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK'), named for its compiler, the Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobyla\u0144ska."}], ["Penerbit asal Chopin termasuk Maurice Schlesinger dan Camille Pleyel. Kerja-kerja beliau tidak lama lagi mula muncul dalam antologi piano popular abad ke-19. Edisi pertama yang dikumpulkan adalah oleh Breitkopf & H\u00e4rtel (1878-1902). Antara edisi ilmiah moden karya Chopin adalah versi di bawah nama Paderewski yang diterbitkan antara 1937 dan 1966 dan \"Edisi Kebangsaan\" Poland yang baru-baru ini, disunting oleh Jan Ekier, yang keduanya mengandungi penjelasan terperinci dan perbincangan mengenai pilihan dan sumber. <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan koleksi pertama karya Chopin? || Breitkopf & H\u00e4rtel <> Siapa yang menyunting karya \"Edisi Kebangsaan\" karya Chopin? || Jan Ekier <> Maurice Schlesinger dan Camille Pleyel apa yang hendak Chopin? || penerbit asal <> Di manakah kerja Chopin mula muncul? || antologi piano abad ke-19 yang popular. <> Apakah nama di bawah penerbitan ilmiah karya kerja Chopin 1937 hingga 1966? || Paderewski <> Siapa yang menyunting Edisi Kebangsaan Poland? || Jan Ekier", {"qas": [{"question": "Who released the first collection of Chopin's works?", "id": "56cff179234ae51400d9c131", "answers": [{"text": "Breitkopf & H\u00e4rtel", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who edited the Polish \"National Edition\" of Chopin's works?", "id": "56cff179234ae51400d9c133", "answers": [{"text": "Jan Ekier", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Maurice Schlesinger and Camille Pleyel were what to Chopin?", "id": "56d3971459d6e414001467cd", "answers": [{"text": "original publishers", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Chopin's work start t oshow up?", "id": "56d3971459d6e414001467ce", "answers": [{"text": "popular 19th-century piano anthologies.", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name under scholarly publications of Chopin's work form 1937 to 1966?", "id": "56d3971459d6e414001467cf", "answers": [{"text": "Paderewski", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who edited the Polish National Edition?", "id": "56d3971459d6e414001467d0", "answers": [{"text": "Jan Ekier", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin's original publishers included Maurice Schlesinger and Camille Pleyel. His works soon began to appear in popular 19th-century piano anthologies. The first collected edition was by Breitkopf & H\u00e4rtel (1878\u20131902). Among modern scholarly editions of Chopin's works are the version under the name of Paderewski published between 1937 and 1966 and the more recent Polish \"National Edition\", edited by Jan Ekier, both of which contain detailed explanations and discussions regarding choices and sources."}], ["J. Barrie Jones mencadangkan bahawa \"di antara karya-karya Chopin yang dimaksudkan untuk kegunaan konsert, empat ballade dan empat scherzos berdiri paling tinggi\", dan menambahkan bahawa \"Barcarolle Op. 60 berdiri terpisah sebagai contoh palet harmonik yang kaya Chopin ditambah dengan bahasa Itali kehangatan melodi. \" Temperley berpendapat bahawa kerja-kerja ini, yang mengandungi \"pelbagai mood, bahan tematik dan terperinci struktur\", didasarkan pada bentuk \"berlepas dan kembali\" yang diperluaskan; \"semakin bahagian tengah diperpanjang, dan semakin jauh ia bergerak dalam kunci, suasana hati dan tema, dari idea pembukaan, yang lebih penting dan dramatik adalah kebangkitan apabila ia akhirnya datang.\" <> Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh J. Barrie Jones sebagai contoh yang bagus dari palet Chopin? || Op Barcarolle. 60 <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh J. Barrie Jones menjadi puncak konsert Chopin? || empat ballade dan empat scherzos <> Apa bentuk yang Temperley merasakan bahawa balloon dan scherzos Chopin berdasarkan? || berlepas dan pulang", {"qas": [{"question": "What piece does J. Barrie Jones pinpoint as a great example of Chopin's palette?", "id": "56cff2e0234ae51400d9c14b", "answers": [{"text": "the Barcarolle Op. 60", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does J. Barrie Jones feel stands supreme of Chopin's concert pieces?", "id": "56d3997e59d6e414001467ed", "answers": [{"text": "the four ballades and four scherzos", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What form does Temperley feel that Chopin's ballades and scherzos are based on?", "id": "56d3997e59d6e414001467ef", "answers": [{"text": "departure and return", "answer_start": 426}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "J. Barrie Jones suggests that \"amongst the works that Chopin intended for concert use, the four ballades and four scherzos stand supreme\", and adds that \"the Barcarolle Op. 60 stands apart as an example of Chopin's rich harmonic palette coupled with an Italianate warmth of melody.\" Temperley opines that these works, which contain \"immense variety of mood, thematic material and structural detail\", are based on an extended \"departure and return\" form; \"the more the middle section is extended, and the further it departs in key, mood and theme, from the opening idea, the more important and dramatic is the reprise when it at last comes.\""}], ["Kedua-dua sonatas piano yang matang (No 2, Op. 35, yang ditulis pada tahun 1839 dan No 3, Op. 58, yang ditulis pada tahun 1844) berada dalam empat gerakan. Dalam Op. 35, Chopin dapat menggabungkan dalam struktur muzik besar formal yang banyak unsur-unsur teknik piano virtuosicnya - \"semacam dialog antara pianisme awam gaya cemerlang dan prinsip sonata Jerman\". Pergerakan terakhir, mudah alih perpetuum ringkas (75 bar) di mana tangan bermain dalam oktaf yang tidak diubahsuai serentak di seluruh, didapati mengejutkan dan tidak senonoh oleh sezaman, termasuk Schumann. The Op. 58 sonata lebih dekat dengan tradisi Jerman, termasuk banyak petikan titik tegas, \"layak Brahms\" menurut ahli sejarah muzik Kornel Micha\u0142owski dan Jim Samson. <> Berapa banyak pergerakan adalah No. 2, Op. 35 dan No 3, Op 58 dalam? || empat <> Apa dua orang mendakwa bahawa Op 58 adalah \"layak Brahms\"? || Kornel Micha\u0142owski dan Jim Samson <> Berapa banyak pergerakan berada di No. 2, Op. 35 dan No 3, Op 58? || empat <> Pergerakan mana yang ditemui kurang dalam muzik oleh Schumann? || Pergerakan terakhir <> Menurut ahli sejarah muzik, yang sonata mirip dengan tradisi Jerman dan layak Brahms? || Op. 58", {"qas": [{"question": "How many movements are No. 2, Op. 35 and No. 3, Op 58 in?", "id": "56cff536234ae51400d9c165", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two people claimed that Op 58 was \"worthy of Brahms\"?", "id": "56cff536234ae51400d9c166", "answers": [{"text": "Kornel Micha\u0142owski and Jim Samson", "answer_start": 693}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many movements are in No. 2, Op. 35 and No. 3, Op 58?", "id": "56d39ed559d6e41400146825", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which movement was found lacking in musicality by Schumann?", "id": "56d39ed559d6e41400146826", "answers": [{"text": "The last movement", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to music historians, which sonata is similar to German tradition and worthy of Brahms?", "id": "56d39ed559d6e41400146827", "answers": [{"text": "Op. 58", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements. In Op. 35, Chopin was able to combine within a formal large musical structure many elements of his virtuosic piano technique\u2014\"a kind of dialogue between the public pianism of the brilliant style and the German sonata principle\". The last movement, a brief (75-bar) perpetuum mobile in which the hands play in unmodified octave unison throughout, was found shocking and unmusical by contemporaries, including Schumann. The Op. 58 sonata is closer to the German tradition, including many passages of complex counterpoint, \"worthy of Brahms\" according to the music historians Kornel Micha\u0142owski and Jim Samson."}], ["Preludes, banyak yang sangat ringkas (beberapa yang terdiri daripada kenyataan ringkas dan perkembangan tema atau tokoh tunggal), digambarkan oleh Schumann sebagai \"permulaan pengajaran\". Diilhamkan oleh J.S. Bach's Clavier Well-Tempered, prapud Chopin bergerak ke bulatan kelima (bukannya urutan skala kromatik Bach) untuk membuat permulaan dalam setiap tonality utama dan minor. Preludes mungkin tidak dimaksudkan untuk dimainkan sebagai satu kumpulan, dan mungkin telah digunakan olehnya dan kemudian pianis sebagai preludes generik kepada orang lain dari kepingnya, atau bahkan kepada musik oleh komposer lain, seperti Kenneth Hamilton mencadangkan: rakaman oleh Ferruccio Busoni tahun 1922, di mana Prelude Op. 28 No. 7 diikuti oleh \u00c9tude Op. 10 No. 5. <> Apa karya Bach yang Chopin mengambil inspirasi untuk preludesnya? || The Clavier Well-Tempered <> Siapa yang mencadangkan bahawa preludes Chopin tidak dimaksudkan untuk dimainkan sebagai satu kumpulan? || Kenneth Hamilton <> Apa yang digambarkan sebagai \"permulaan kajian\" oleh Schumann? || The preludes <> Apa yang memberi inspirasi kepada Chopin untuk preludesnya? || J.S. Bach's Clavier Well-Tempered <> Kenneth Hamilton mencadangkan bahawa preludes mungkin tidak dimaksudkan sebagai satu kumpulan tetapi sebagai apa? || preludes generik kepada yang lain dari kepingannya <> Siapa yang membuat rakaman di mana \u00c9tude Op. 10 No. 5. berikut Op. 28 No. 7? || Ferruccio Busoni", {"qas": [{"question": "What piece of Bach's did Chopin take inspiration for his preludes?", "id": "56cff49a234ae51400d9c161", "answers": [{"text": "The Well-Tempered Clavier", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who suggested that Chopin's preludes were not intended to be played as a group?", "id": "56cff49a234ae51400d9c162", "answers": [{"text": "Kenneth Hamilton", "answer_start": 588}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was described as \"the beginning of studies\" by Schumann?", "id": "56d39cea59d6e41400146811", "answers": [{"text": "The preludes", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What inspired Chopin for his preludes?", "id": "56d39cea59d6e41400146812", "answers": [{"text": "J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Kenneth Hamilton suggests that the preludes may not have been meant as a group but rather as what?", "id": "56d39cea59d6e41400146813", "answers": [{"text": "generic preludes to others of his pieces", "answer_start": 506}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did a recording where \u00c9tude Op. 10 No. 5. follows relude Op. 28 No. 7?", "id": "56d39cea59d6e41400146814", "answers": [{"text": "Ferruccio Busoni", "answer_start": 643}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The preludes, many of which are very brief (some consisting of simple statements and developments of a single theme or figure), were described by Schumann as \"the beginnings of studies\". Inspired by J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier, Chopin's preludes move up the circle of fifths (rather than Bach's chromatic scale sequence) to create a prelude in each major and minor tonality. The preludes were perhaps not intended to be played as a group, and may even have been used by him and later pianists as generic preludes to others of his pieces, or even to music by other composers, as Kenneth Hamilton suggests: he has noted a recording by Ferruccio Busoni of 1922, in which the Prelude Op. 28 No. 7 is followed by the \u00c9tude Op. 10 No. 5."}], ["Penambahbaikan terletak di tengah-tengah proses kreatif Chopin. Walau bagaimanapun, ini tidak menyebarkan impulsif: Nicholas Temperley menulis bahawa \"penambahbaikan direka untuk penonton, dan titik permulaannya adalah jangkaan khalayak, yang merangkumi konvensyen semasa bentuk muzik.\" Kerja-kerja untuk piano dan orkestra, termasuk dua konsert, dipegang oleh Temperley untuk menjadi \"hanya kenderaan untuk bermain piano yang cemerlang ... secara rasmi longwinded dan amat konservatif\". Selepas konsert piano (yang kedua-duanya awal, bertarikh 1830), Chopin tidak membuat percubaan dalam bentuk pelbagai gerakan besar-besaran, kecuali untuk sonata lewat untuk piano dan untuk cello; \"sebaliknya dia mencapai hampir sempurna dalam bentuk reka bentuk umum yang mudah tetapi struktur sel yang halus dan kompleks.\" Rosen mencadangkan bahawa aspek penting dalam keperibadian Chopin adalah pengendalian fleksibel frasa empat bar sebagai unit struktur. <> Apakah proses sentral untuk Chopin? || Improvisation <> Rosen mencadangkan bahawa bahagian tengah dari keunikan Chopin adalah bagaimana dia mengendalikan apa? || frasa empat bar <> Apakah yang menjadi pusat kreativiti Chopin? || Improvisation <> Who wrote that \"improvisasi direka untuk penonton\"? || Nicholas Temperley <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh Rosen adalah penting untuk kepribadian chopin? || pengendalian fleksibel frasa empat bar sebagai unit struktur.", {"qas": [{"question": "What is central to Chopin's process?", "id": "56cff256234ae51400d9c145", "answers": [{"text": "Improvisation", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Rosen suggests that a central part of Chopin's uniqueness is how he handles what?", "id": "56cff256234ae51400d9c146", "answers": [{"text": "the four-bar phrase", "answer_start": 879}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is central to Chopin's creativeness?", "id": "56d398a859d6e414001467e5", "answers": [{"text": "Improvisation", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote that \"improvisation is designed for an audience\"?", "id": "56d398a859d6e414001467e6", "answers": [{"text": "Nicholas Temperley", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Rosen suggest was important about chopin's personality?", "id": "56d398a859d6e414001467e7", "answers": [{"text": "his flexible handling of the four-bar phrase as a structural unit.", "answer_start": 854}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Improvisation stands at the centre of Chopin's creative processes. However, this does not imply impulsive rambling: Nicholas Temperley writes that \"improvisation is designed for an audience, and its starting-point is that audience's expectations, which include the current conventions of musical form.\" The works for piano and orchestra, including the two concertos, are held by Temperley to be \"merely vehicles for brilliant piano playing ... formally longwinded and extremely conservative\". After the piano concertos (which are both early, dating from 1830), Chopin made no attempts at large-scale multi-movement forms, save for his late sonatas for piano and for cello; \"instead he achieved near-perfection in pieces of simple general design but subtle and complex cell-structure.\" Rosen suggests that an important aspect of Chopin's individuality is his flexible handling of the four-bar phrase as a structural unit."}], ["Perdebatan pandangan ini disarankan oleh William Atwood: \"Tidak syak lagi [Chopin] menggunakan bentuk-bentuk muzik tradisional seperti polonaise dan mazurka merangsang sentimen nasionalistik dan rasa perpaduan di kalangan orang-orang Poland yang tersebar di seluruh Eropah dan Dunia Baru ... Sementara beberapa orang mencari orang lain mendapati mereka sumber kekuatan dalam perjuangan berterusan mereka untuk kebebasan. Walaupun muzik Chopin tidak diragukan lagi datang kepadanya secara intuitif dan bukannya melalui reka bentuk patriotik yang sadar, ia berfungsi sama untuk melambangkan kehendak rakyat Poland. .. \"<> William Atwood mencadangkan bahawa muzik Chopin tidak sengaja patriotik tetapi apa? || intuitif <> Seorang pengulas moden, William Atwood, merasakan Poland tidak hanya mencari kesenangan dalam muzik Chopin tetapi juga mendapati mereka sebagai sumber kekuatan ketika mereka terus berjuang untuk apa? || kebebasan <> Di manakah Polis bertaburan? || Eropah dan Dunia Baru", {"qas": [{"question": "William Atwood suggested that Chopin's music wasn't purposely patriotic but what?", "id": "56cffba5234ae51400d9c1f1", "answers": [{"text": "intuitive", "answer_start": 443}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A modern commentator, William Atwood, feels Poles not only sought solace in Chopin's music but also found them a source of strength as they continued to fight for what?", "id": "56d3a51459d6e41400146877", "answers": [{"text": "freedom", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were Poles scattered to?", "id": "56d3a51459d6e41400146878", "answers": [{"text": "Europe and the New World", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A reconciliation of these views is suggested by William Atwood: \"Undoubtedly [Chopin's] use of traditional musical forms like the polonaise and mazurka roused nationalistic sentiments and a sense of cohesiveness amongst those Poles scattered across Europe and the New World ... While some sought solace in [them], others found them a source of strength in their continuing struggle for freedom. Although Chopin's music undoubtedly came to him intuitively rather than through any conscious patriotic design, it served all the same to symbolize the will of the Polish people ...\""}], ["Friederike M\u00fcller, seorang murid dari Chopin, menulis: \"Bermain [Nya] selalu mulia dan cantik, nada-nadanya menyanyi, sama ada dalam piano utuh atau paling lembut, Dia mengambil sakit yang tak terbatas untuk mengajar murid-muridnya legato ini, gaya cantabile bermain. Kritikan yang paling teruk ialah 'Dia-atau dia-tidak tahu bagaimana untuk menyatukan dua nota bersama-sama.' Beliau juga menuntut pematuhan yang paling ketat terhadap irama. Dia membenci semua yang berlarutan dan menyeret, rubatos yang salah, serta ritardandos yang dibesar-besarkan ... dan justru dalam hal ini orang membuat kesilapan besar dalam memainkan karya-karyanya. \" <> Menurut siapa yang diminta Chopin dengan tegas berpegang pada irama? || Friederike M\u00fcller <> Murid mana yang mengatakan Chopin memastikan pelajarnya tahu legato, gaya cantabile bermain? || Friederike M\u00fcller <> Menurut Friederike M\u00fcller, Chopin menegaskan pelajarnya mempunyai kepatuhan yang ketat terhadap apa? || irama.", {"qas": [{"question": "According to who did Chopin demand strictly sticking with rhythm?", "id": "56cff905234ae51400d9c1b7", "answers": [{"text": "Friederike M\u00fcller", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which student said Chopin made sure his students knew his legato, cantabile style of playing?", "id": "56d3a32259d6e4140014684f", "answers": [{"text": "Friederike M\u00fcller", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to Friederike M\u00fcller, Chopin insisted his students have the strictest adherence to what?", "id": "56d3a32259d6e41400146851", "answers": [{"text": "rhythm.", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Friederike M\u00fcller, a pupil of Chopin, wrote: \"[His] playing was always noble and beautiful; his tones sang, whether in full forte or softest piano. He took infinite pains to teach his pupils this legato, cantabile style of playing. His most severe criticism was 'He\u2014or she\u2014does not know how to join two notes together.' He also demanded the strictest adherence to rhythm. He hated all lingering and dragging, misplaced rubatos, as well as exaggerated ritardandos ... and it is precisely in this respect that people make such terrible errors in playing his works.\""}], ["Inovasi harmonik Chopin mungkin timbul sebahagian daripada teknik penambahbaikan papan kekuncinya. Temperley mengatakan bahawa dalam karya-karyanya \"kesan-kesan harmonik novel kerap dihasilkan dari kombinasi appoggiaturas biasa atau nota lulus dengan tokoh melodi iringan\", dan cadences ditangguhkan oleh penggunaan chords di luar kunci rumah (neapolitan keenam dan penurunan ketujuh), atau dengan tiba-tiba beralih kepada kekunci jauh. Perkembangan kord kadang-kadang menjangkakan peralihan tundukan para komposer kemudian seperti Claude Debussy, seperti penggunaan harmoni modal Chopin. <> Perkembangan kord Chopin sama dalam gaya kepada apa yang komposer lain? || Claude Debussy <> Apa kemungkinan timbul akibat teknik Chopin dengan papan kekunci? || inovasi harmonik <> Siapa yang menulis tentang \"kesan harmonik novel\" Chopin? || Temperley", {"qas": [{"question": "Chopin's chord progressions are similar in style to what other composer?", "id": "56cff5a8234ae51400d9c173", "answers": [{"text": "Claude Debussy", "answer_start": 512}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What likely arose due to Chopin's technique with keyboards?", "id": "56d39fa059d6e41400146831", "answers": [{"text": "harmonic innovations", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote about Chopin's \"novel harmonic effects\"?", "id": "56d39fa059d6e41400146832", "answers": [{"text": "Temperley", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin's harmonic innovations may have arisen partly from his keyboard improvisation technique. Temperley says that in his works \"novel harmonic effects frequently result from the combination of ordinary appoggiaturas or passing notes with melodic figures of accompaniment\", and cadences are delayed by the use of chords outside the home key (neapolitan sixths and diminished sevenths), or by sudden shifts to remote keys. Chord progressions sometimes anticipate the shifting tonality of later composers such as Claude Debussy, as does Chopin's use of modal harmony."}], ["Muzik Chopin sering dimainkan dengan rubato, \"amalan dalam prestasi mengabaikan masa yang ketat,\" merompak 'beberapa nilai nota untuk kesan ekspresif \". Terdapat pendapat yang berbeza tentang berapa banyak, dan jenis apa, rubato sesuai untuk karya-karyanya. Charles Rosen memberi komen bahawa \"kebanyakan tanda-tanda rubato di Chopin boleh didapati di mazurkasnya ... Mungkin Chopin menggunakan bentuk rubato yang lebih tua begitu penting untuk Mozart ... [di mana] nota melodi di sebelah kanannya ditangguhkan sehingga selepas nota dalam bass ... Satu bentuk bersekutu rubato ini adalah arpeggiation chords sehingga melambatkan catatan melodi, menurut murid Chopin, Karol Mikuli, Chopin tegas menentang amalan ini. \" Komposisi Chopin sering dimainkan dengan apa? || rubato <> Apa maksud rubato? || amalan dalam prestasi mengabaikan masa yang ketat <> Dalam muzik Chopin di mana masa yang ketat tidak diendahkan, apa yang dipanggilnya? || rubato <> Apa jenis muzik Chopin yang paling tidak menghiraukan masa yang ketat menurut Charles Rosen? || mazurkas", {"qas": [{"question": "Chopin's compositions are often played with what?", "id": "56cff885234ae51400d9c1b3", "answers": [{"text": "rubato", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does rubato mean?", "id": "56cff885234ae51400d9c1b4", "answers": [{"text": "the practice in performance of disregarding strict time", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Chopin's music where strict timing is disregarded, what is it called?", "id": "56d3a2cd59d6e41400146849", "answers": [{"text": "rubato", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of Chopin's music had the most disregard for strict timing according to Charles Rosen?", "id": "56d3a2cd59d6e4140014684a", "answers": [{"text": "mazurkas", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin's music is frequently played with rubato, \"the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect\". There are differing opinions as to how much, and what type, of rubato is appropriate for his works. Charles Rosen comments that \"most of the written-out indications of rubato in Chopin are to be found in his mazurkas ... It is probable that Chopin used the older form of rubato so important to Mozart ... [where] the melody note in the right hand is delayed until after the note in the bass ... An allied form of this rubato is the arpeggiation of the chords thereby delaying the melody note; according to Chopin's pupil, Karol Mikuli, Chopin was firmly opposed to this practice.\""}], ["Beberapa pengulas moden telah membantah membuktikan keunggulan Chopin sebagai komposer \"nasionalis\" atau \"patriotik\". George Golos merujuk kepada komposer \"nasionalis\" terdahulu di Eropah Tengah, termasuk Poland Micha\u0142 Kleofas Ogi\u0144ski dan Franciszek Lessel, yang menggunakan bentuk polonaise dan mazurka. Barbara Milewski mencadangkan pengalaman Chopin dari muzik Poland lebih banyak daripada versi Warsaw \"bandar\" berbanding daripada muzik rakyat, dan percubaan (oleh Jachimecki dan lain-lain) untuk menunjukkan muzik rakyat tulen dalam karya-karyanya tanpa asas. Richard Taruskin menggagalkan sikap Schumann terhadap karya Chopin sebagai merendahkan dan memberi komen bahawa Chopin \"merasakan patriotisme Polandnya secara mendalam dan tulus\" tetapi secara sedar memodelkan karya-karyanya mengenai tradisi Bach, Beethoven, Schubert dan Field. <> Siapa kata bahawa kebiasaan Chopin dengan muzik Poland lebih \"urbanized\" daripada muzik rakyat yang benar? || Barbara Milewski <> George Golos merujuk apa yang dikatakan oleh dua orang pemuzik apabila mendakwa kebangsaan Chopin terlalu berlebihan? || Micha\u0142 Kleofas Ogi\u0144ski dan Franciszek Lessel <> Siapa kata karya Chopin dimodelkan selepas Bach, Beethoven, Schubert dan Field? || Richard Taruskin", {"qas": [{"question": "Who said that Chopin's familiarity with Polish music was more \"urbanised\"  than true folk music?", "id": "56cffb2b234ae51400d9c1e1", "answers": [{"text": "Barbara Milewski", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "George Golos references what two musicians when claiming Chopin's nationalism was overrated? ", "id": "56cffb2b234ae51400d9c1e2", "answers": [{"text": "Micha\u0142 Kleofas Ogi\u0144ski and Franciszek Lessel", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said Chopin's works were modeled after Bach, Beethoven, Schubert and Field?", "id": "56d3a46a59d6e41400146869", "answers": [{"text": "Richard Taruskin", "answer_start": 543}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a \"nationalist\" or \"patriotic\" composer. George Golos refers to earlier \"nationalist\" composers in Central Europe, including Poland's Micha\u0142 Kleofas Ogi\u0144ski and Franciszek Lessel, who utilised polonaise and mazurka forms. Barbara Milewski suggests that Chopin's experience of Polish music came more from \"urbanised\" Warsaw versions than from folk music, and that attempts (by Jachimecki and others) to demonstrate genuine folk music in his works are without basis. Richard Taruskin impugns Schumann's attitude toward Chopin's works as patronizing and comments that Chopin \"felt his Polish patriotism deeply and sincerely\" but consciously modelled his works on the tradition of Bach, Beethoven, Schubert and Field."}], ["Jones mengulas bahawa \"kedudukan unik Chopin sebagai komposer, walaupun fakta bahawa hampir semua yang dia tulis adalah untuk piano, jarang ditanyakan.\" Beliau juga menyatakan bahawa Chopin bernasib baik untuk tiba di Paris pada tahun 1831 - \"persekitaran seni, penerbit yang bersedia mencetak muziknya, orang kaya dan bangsawan yang membayar apa yang Chopin meminta pelajaran mereka\" -dan faktor-faktor ini, serta jenius muzikalnya, juga membina reputasi kontemporari dan kemudiannya. Walaupun penyakit dan kesukaannya sesuai dengan beberapa stereotaip romantisisme, jarangnya bacaan umumnya (yang bertentangan dengan persembahan di Paris soir\u00e9es bergaya) yang mengarahkan Arthur Hutchings untuk mencadangkan bahawa \"kekurangan Byronic flamboyance [dan] bangsawannya kebersamaan membuatnya luar biasa \"di kalangan sezamannya yang romantis, seperti Liszt dan Henri Herz. <> Arthur Hutchings menyatakan kekurangan Chopin yang menjadikannya istimewa? || Byble flamboyance <> Siapa dua orang sezaman Chopin? || Liszt dan Henri Herz <> Apa tempat dianggap bernasib baik untuk Chopin telah tiba di mempertimbangkan berapa banyak dia dikenakan untuk pelajaran piano? || Paris <> Siapa kata Chopin tidak seperti rakan sezamannya Liszt dan Henri Herz? || Arthur Hutchings", {"qas": [{"question": "Arthur Hutchings stated that Chopin's lack of what made him special?", "id": "56cffc2b234ae51400d9c1ff", "answers": [{"text": "Byronic flamboyance", "answer_start": 716}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were two of Chopin's contemporaries?", "id": "56cffc2b234ae51400d9c200", "answers": [{"text": "Liszt and Henri Herz", "answer_start": 838}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What place was considered lucky for Chopin to have arrived at considering how much he charged for piano lessons?", "id": "56d3a65259d6e41400146888", "answers": [{"text": "Paris", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said Chopin was unlike his romantic contemporaries Liszt and Henri Herz?", "id": "56d3a65259d6e4140014688a", "answers": [{"text": "Arthur Hutchings", "answer_start": 670}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Jones comments that \"Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned.\" He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831\u2014\"the artistic environment, the publishers who were willing to print his music, the wealthy and aristocratic who paid what Chopin asked for their lessons\"\u2014and these factors, as well as his musical genius, also fuelled his contemporary and later reputation. While his illness and his love-affairs conform to some of the stereotypes of romanticism, the rarity of his public recitals (as opposed to performances at fashionable Paris soir\u00e9es) led Arthur Hutchings to suggest that \"his lack of Byronic flamboyance [and] his aristocratic reclusiveness make him exceptional\" among his romantic contemporaries, such as Liszt and Henri Herz."}], ["Pada tahun 1841, L\u00e9on Escudier menulis tentang sebuah bacaan yang diberikan oleh Chopin pada tahun itu, \"Seseorang boleh mengatakan bahawa Chopin adalah pencipta sekolah piano dan sekolah komposisi. Sebenarnya, tiada apa-apa yang sama dengan cahaya, kemanisan yang menjadi penghasil komposer di atas piano, selain itu tidak ada yang dapat dibandingkan dengan karya-karyanya yang penuh keaslian, perbezaan dan rahmat. \" Chopin enggan mematuhi kaedah standard bermain dan percaya bahawa tiada teknik yang ditetapkan untuk bermain dengan baik. Gayanya didasarkan pada penggunaan teknik jari yang sangat bebas. Dalam Projet de m\u00e9thode beliau menulis: \"Segala-galanya adalah perkara yang mengetahui penjajaran yang baik ... kita tidak perlu menggunakan tangan, pergelangan tangan, lengan bawah dan lengan atas.\" Beliau seterusnya menyatakan: \"Kita hanya perlu mengkaji kedudukan tangan tertentu berhubung dengan kunci-kunci untuk mendapatkan dengan mudah dengan kualiti suara yang paling indah, untuk mengetahui cara bermain nota pendek dan nota panjang, dan untuk mencapai ketangkasan yang tidak terbatas . \" Konsekuensi pendekatan ini untuk teknik dalam muzik Chopin termasuk kegunaan kerap seluruh papan kekunci, petikan dalam oktaf berganda dan kumpulan kord lain, nota berulang-ulang berulang, penggunaan nota rahmat, dan penggunaan irama yang berbeza (empat terhadap tiga, contohnya) antara tangan. <> Apakah gaya Chopin berdasarkan? || teknik jari bebas <> Siapa yang menulis mengenai bacaan Chopin 1841? || L\u00e9on Escudier <> Apa penulisan ceramah Chopin tentang segala-galanya tentang bermain piano ada kaitan dengan penjajaran yang betul? || nya Projet de m\u00e9thode", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Chopin's style based upon?", "id": "56cff635234ae51400d9c184", "answers": [{"text": "independent finger technique", "answer_start": 523}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote about a Chopin 1841 recital?", "id": "56d3a0d159d6e41400146835", "answers": [{"text": "L\u00e9on Escudier", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What writing of Chopin talks about everything about piano playing has to do with proper fingering?", "id": "56d3a0d159d6e41400146837", "answers": [{"text": "his Projet de m\u00e9thode", "answer_start": 556}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1841, L\u00e9on Escudier wrote of a recital given by Chopin that year, \"One may say that Chopin is the creator of a school of piano and a school of composition. In truth, nothing equals the lightness, the sweetness with which the composer preludes on the piano; moreover nothing may be compared to his works full of originality, distinction and grace.\" Chopin refused to conform to a standard method of playing and believed that there was no set technique for playing well. His style was based extensively on his use of very independent finger technique. In his Projet de m\u00e9thode he wrote: \"Everything is a matter of knowing good fingering ... we need no less to use the rest of the hand, the wrist, the forearm and the upper arm.\" He further stated: \"One needs only to study a certain position of the hand in relation to the keys to obtain with ease the most beautiful quality of sound, to know how to play short notes and long notes, and [to attain] unlimited dexterity.\" The consequences of this approach to technique in Chopin's music include the frequent use of the entire range of the keyboard, passages in double octaves and other chord groupings, swiftly repeated notes, the use of grace notes, and the use of contrasting rhythms (four against three, for example) between the hands."}], ["Jonathan Bellman menulis bahawa gaya persembahan konsert moden yang ditetapkan dalam tradisi \"konservatori\" di sekolah muzik akhir abad ke-19 dan ke-20, dan sesuai untuk auditoria atau rakaman besar-militan terhadap apa yang diketahui mengenai teknik prestasi Chopin yang lebih intim. Sang komposer sendiri berkata kepada seorang murid bahawa \"konser tidak pernah menjadi musik yang nyata, anda harus menyerahkan ide untuk mendengar di dalamnya semua benda seni yang paling indah.\" Akaun kontemporari menunjukkan bahawa dalam prestasi, Chopin mengelakkan prosedur tegar yang kadang kala tidak dikaitkan dengannya, seperti \"selalu menyentuh pada nota tinggi\", tetapi ia bimbang dengan ungkapan ekspresi, konsistensi berirama dan pewarna sensitif. Berlioz menulis pada tahun 1853 bahawa Chopin \"telah mencipta sejenis bordir kromatik ... yang kesannya sangat pelik dan piquant sebagai mustahil untuk menggambarkan ... hampir tiada siapa tetapi Chopin sendiri boleh memainkan muzik ini dan memberikan giliran yang luar biasa ini\". Hiller menulis bahawa \"Apa yang ada di tangan orang lain adalah perhiasan elegan, di tangannya menjadi bunga berwarna-warni bunga.\" <> Siapa yang menulis bahawa gaya konsert besar semasa bertentangan dengan keinginan Chopin mengenai persembahan intim? || Jonathan Bellman <> Apa yang Chopin cenderung untuk mengelakkan? || prosedur tegar <> Apa yang telah dikreditkan palsu kepada Chopin? || \"selalu crescendo to note yang tinggi\" <> Apa yang Chopin memberitahu seorang pelajar diserahkan dalam konsert? || pendengaran di dalamnya semua perkara yang paling indah dari seni <> Siapa yang menulis tentang \"sulaman kromatik\" Chopin? || Berlioz <> Siapa menulis bahawa muzik Chopin, ketika dimainkan olehnya, menjadi \"bunga bunga berwarna-warni\"? || Hiller", {"qas": [{"question": "Who wrote that the current large concert style conflicts with Chopin's preference of intimate performances?", "id": "56cff817234ae51400d9c1a3", "answers": [{"text": "Jonathan Bellman", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Chopin tend to avoid?", "id": "56cff817234ae51400d9c1a4", "answers": [{"text": "rigid procedures", "answer_start": 500}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has been falsely credited to Chopin?", "id": "56cff817234ae51400d9c1a5", "answers": [{"text": "\"always crescendo to a high note\"", "answer_start": 566}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Chopin tell a student is given up in concerts?", "id": "56d3a1e959d6e41400146841", "answers": [{"text": "hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote about Chopin's \"chromatic embroidery\"?", "id": "56d3a1e959d6e41400146842", "answers": [{"text": "Berlioz", "answer_start": 699}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote that Chopin's music, when played by him, became a \"colorful wreath of flowers\"?", "id": "56d3a1e959d6e41400146843", "answers": [{"text": "Hiller", "answer_start": 944}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style\u2014set in the \"conservatory\" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings\u2014militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself said to a pupil that \"concerts are never real music, you have to give up the idea of hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art.\" Contemporary accounts indicate that in performance, Chopin avoided rigid procedures sometimes incorrectly attributed to him, such as \"always crescendo to a high note\", but that he was concerned with expressive phrasing, rhythmic consistency and sensitive colouring. Berlioz wrote in 1853 that Chopin \"has created a kind of chromatic embroidery ... whose effect is so strange and piquant as to be impossible to describe ... virtually nobody but Chopin himself can play this music and give it this unusual turn\". Hiller wrote that \"What in the hands of others was elegant embellishment, in his hands became a colourful wreath of flowers.\""}], ["Komposer Poland generasi berikut termasuk virtuosi seperti Moritz Moszkowski, tetapi, pada pendapat J. Barrie Jones, \"penggantinya yang layak\" di kalangan senimannya adalah Karol Szymanowski (1882-1937). Edvard Grieg, Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k, Isaac Alb\u00e9niz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky dan Sergei Rachmaninoff, antara lain, dianggap oleh pengkritik kerana telah dipengaruhi oleh penggunaan mod dan idiom negara Chopin. Alexander Scriabin telah menumpukan kepada muzik Chopin, dan karya-karya yang diterbitkan awalnya termasuk sembilan belas mazurkas, serta banyak \u00e9tudes dan preludes; gurunya Nikolai Zverev menggeramnya dalam karya Chopin untuk meningkatkan kehebatannya sebagai pelaku. Pada abad ke-20, para komposer yang memberi penghormatan kepada (atau dalam beberapa kes parodi) muzik Chopin termasuk George Crumb, Bohuslav Martin\u016f, Darius Milhaud, Igor Stravinsky dan Heitor Villa-Lobos. <> Menurut J. Barrie Jones yang merupakan satu-satunya pengganti sejati kepada Chopin? || Karol Szymanowski <> Ramai orang dianggap dipengaruhi oleh Chopin apa? || mod kebangsaan dan idiom <> Siapa guru Alexander Scriabin? || Nikolai Zverev <> Siapa pengganti Chopin yang patut menurut Jones? || Karol Szymanowski <> Siapa yang dikhaskan untuk muzik Chopin? || Alexander Scriabin <> Siapa guru Alexander Scriabin? || Nikolai Zverev", {"qas": [{"question": "According to J. Barrie Jones who was the only true successor to Chopin?", "id": "56cff6f3234ae51400d9c191", "answers": [{"text": "Karol Szymanowski", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Many people were considered influenced by Chopin's what?", "id": "56cff6f3234ae51400d9c192", "answers": [{"text": "national modes and idioms", "answer_start": 392}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Alexander Scriabin's teacher?", "id": "56cff6f3234ae51400d9c193", "answers": [{"text": "Nikolai Zverev", "answer_start": 584}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Chopin's worthy successor according to Jones?", "id": "56d3a9282ccc5a1400d82dc8", "answers": [{"text": "Karol Szymanowski", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was devoted to the music of Chopin?", "id": "56d3a9282ccc5a1400d82dc9", "answers": [{"text": "Alexander Scriabin", "answer_start": 419}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Alexander Scriabin's teacher?", "id": "56d3a9282ccc5a1400d82dca", "answers": [{"text": "Nikolai Zverev", "answer_start": 584}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his \"one worthy successor\" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882\u20131937). Edvard Grieg, Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k, Isaac Alb\u00e9niz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among others, are regarded by critics as having been influenced by Chopin's use of national modes and idioms. Alexander Scriabin was devoted to the music of Chopin, and his early published works include nineteen mazurkas, as well as numerous \u00e9tudes and preludes; his teacher Nikolai Zverev drilled him in Chopin's works to improve his virtuosity as a performer. In the 20th century, composers who paid homage to (or in some cases parodied) the music of Chopin included George Crumb, Bohuslav Martin\u016f, Darius Milhaud, Igor Stravinsky and Heitor Villa-Lobos."}], ["Dengan mazurkas dan polonaisnya, Chopin telah dikreditkan dengan memperkenalkan muzik dengan rasa nasionalisme yang baru. Schumann, pada tahun 1836 kajian konsert piano, menyuarakan perasaan komposer yang kuat untuk asalnya Poland, menulis bahawa \"Sekarang bahawa Poland adalah dalam berkabung yang mendalam [selepas kegagalan November 1830 meningkat], rayuan mereka kepada kita artis bahkan lebih kuat ... Jika autokrat yang besar di utara [iaitu Nicholas I of Russia] tahu bahawa dalam karya Chopin, dalam gaya mazurkas yang mudah, terdapat musuh yang berbahaya, dia akan mengharamkan muziknya. meriam dimakamkan di dalam bunga! \" Biografi Chopin yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1863 di bawah nama Franz Liszt (tetapi mungkin ditulis oleh Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein) mendakwa bahawa Chopin \"mesti menduduki tempat pertama di kalangan pemuzik pertama ... menyesuaikan diri dengan mereka rasa puitis seluruh negara. \" <> Chopin telah diperkenalkan sebagai memperkenalkan muzik kepada apa? || rasa nasionalisme <> Tahun berapakah Schumann mengulas konsert piano Chopin? || 1836 <> Dalam ulasannya Schumann mencatat emosi Chopin untuk apa? || Poland <> Mengapakah Schumann berkata pasukannya sedang berkabung? || kegagalan November 1830 <> Biografi pada Chopin yang dikeluarkan di bawah nama Franz Liszt mungkin ditulis oleh siapa? || Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein <> Chopin mampu membawa rasa nasionalisme baru dengan muziknya kerana mazurkasnya dan apa? || Polonaise <> Siapa yang menulis ulasan bercahaya tentang cinta Chopin untuk negaranya melalui muziknya pada tahun 1836? || Schumann <> Schumann menyifatkan muzik Chopin sebagai meriam dimakamkan dalam apa? || bunga <> Walaupun Franz Liszt dikreditkan dengan biografi Chopin pada tahun 1863, yang mungkin sebenarnya menulisnya? || Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein", {"qas": [{"question": "Chopin was noted as introducing music to what?", "id": "56cffa2a234ae51400d9c1cf", "answers": [{"text": "sense of nationalism", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Schumann review Chopin's piano concertos?", "id": "56cffa2a234ae51400d9c1d0", "answers": [{"text": "1836", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In his review Schumann made note of Chopin's emotions for what?", "id": "56cffa2a234ae51400d9c1d1", "answers": [{"text": "Poland", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did Schumann say the Poles were in mourning?", "id": "56cffa2a234ae51400d9c1d2", "answers": [{"text": "the failure of the November 1830", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A biography on Chopin released under Franz Liszt's name was likely written by who?", "id": "56cffa2a234ae51400d9c1d3", "answers": [{"text": "Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein", "answer_start": 730}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chopin was able to bring about a new sense of nationalism with his music because of his mazurkas and what?", "id": "56d3a3df59d6e4140014685f", "answers": [{"text": "polonaises", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote a glowing review of Chopin's love for his country through his music in 1836?", "id": "56d3a3df59d6e41400146860", "answers": [{"text": "Schumann", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Schumann described Chopin's music as cannons buried in what?", "id": "56d3a3df59d6e41400146861", "answers": [{"text": "flowers", "answer_start": 623}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Though Franz Liszt is credited with Chopin's 1863 biography, who probably actually wrote it?", "id": "56d3a3df59d6e41400146862", "answers": [{"text": "Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein", "answer_start": 730}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that \"Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November 1830 rising], their appeal to us artists is even stronger ... If the mighty autocrat in the north [i.e. Nicholas I of Russia] could know that in Chopin's works, in the simple strains of his mazurkas, there lurks a dangerous enemy, he would place a ban on his music. Chopin's works are cannon buried in flowers!\" The biography of Chopin published in 1863 under the name of Franz Liszt (but probably written by Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein) claims that Chopin \"must be ranked first among the first musicians ... individualizing in themselves the poetic sense of an entire nation.\""}], ["Dua orang murid lama Chopin, Karol Mikuli (1821-1897) dan Georges Mathias, adalah guru piano sendiri dan menyampaikan butiran bermainnya kepada pelajar mereka sendiri, beberapa di antara mereka (seperti Raoul Koczalski) membuat rekod-rekodnya muzik. Pianis dan komposer lain yang dipengaruhi oleh gaya Chopin termasuk Louis Moreau Gottschalk, \u00c9douard Wolff (1816-1880) dan Pierre Zimmermann. Debussy mendedikasikan 1915 piano Etudes sendiri untuk ingatan Chopin; dia sering memainkan muzik Chopin semasa belajar di Paris Conservatoire, dan melakukan pengeditan muzik piano Chopin untuk penerbit Jacques Durand. <> Yang mendedikasikan 1915 piano Etudes ke Chopin? || Debussy <> Untuk penerbit apa untuk Debussy mengedit muzik Chopin untuk? || Jacques Durand <> Siapa pelajar pelajar bekas Chopin dan sebenarnya mencatatkan beberapa muzik Chopin? || Raoul Koczalski <> Muzik apa yang Debussy banyak bermain di Conservatoire Paris? || Chopin's", {"qas": [{"question": "Who dedicated his 1915 piano \u00c9tudes to Chopin?", "id": "56cffdaa234ae51400d9c226", "answers": [{"text": "Debussy", "answer_start": 392}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what publisher to Debussy edit Chopin's music for?", "id": "56cffdaa234ae51400d9c227", "answers": [{"text": "Jacques Durand", "answer_start": 612}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was a student of Chopin's former students and actually recorded some Chopin music?", "id": "56d3a85259d6e414001468aa", "answers": [{"text": "Raoul Koczalski", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What music did Debussy play a lot at the Paris Conservatoire?", "id": "56d3a85259d6e414001468ac", "answers": [{"text": "Chopin's", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Two of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821\u20131897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music. Other pianists and composers influenced by Chopin's style include Louis Moreau Gottschalk, \u00c9douard Wolff (1816\u20131880) and Pierre Zimmermann. Debussy dedicated his own 1915 piano \u00c9tudes to the memory of Chopin; he frequently played Chopin's music during his studies at the Paris Conservatoire, and undertook the editing of Chopin's piano music for the publisher Jacques Durand."}], ["Kualiti Chopin sebagai pianis dan komposer telah diiktiraf oleh ramai ahli muziknya. Schumann menamakan satu bahagian untuknya dalam Carnaval suitenya, dan Chopin kemudian mendedikasikan Ballade No. 2 di F major untuk Schumann. Elemen muzik Chopin dapat dikesan dalam banyak karya Liszt yang kemudiannya. Liszt kemudian disalin untuk piano enam lagu Chopin dari Poland. Persahabatan yang kurang faham adalah dengan Alkan, dengan siapa dia membincangkan unsur-unsur muzik rakyat, dan yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh kematian Chopin. <> Dalam suite apa yang Schumann nama kerja untuk Chopin? || Carnaval <> Apa karya Chopin didedikasikan untuk Schumann? || Ballade No. 2 in F major <> Berapa banyak lagu Polish Chopin yang Liszt diterjemahkan untuk piano? || enam <> Dengan siapa Chopin berasa selesa bercakap tentang muzik rakyat dengan? || Alkan <> Apa yang diketahui tentang Chopin dari rakan-rakan muziknya? || kualiti sebagai pianis dan komposer <> Apa suite Schumann mengandungi nama sekeping Schumann yang dinamakan untuk Chopin? || Carnaval <> Apa bahagian yang didedikasikan oleh Chopin kepada Schumann? || Ballade No. 2 di F major <> Apa yang menunjukkan ahli muzik lain untuk mempunyai elemen Chopin dalam karyanya? || Liszt", {"qas": [{"question": "In what suite did Schumann name a work for Chopin?", "id": "56cffcf3234ae51400d9c20d", "answers": [{"text": "Carnaval", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What piece of Chopin's work was dedicated to Schumann? ", "id": "56cffcf3234ae51400d9c20e", "answers": [{"text": "Ballade No. 2 in F major", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of Chopin's Polish songs did Liszt transliterate for piano?", "id": "56cffcf3234ae51400d9c20f", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With who did Chopin feel comfortable speaking of folk music with?", "id": "56cffcf3234ae51400d9c210", "answers": [{"text": "Alkan", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was recognized about Chopin from his musical peers?", "id": "56d3a74159d6e414001468a1", "answers": [{"text": "qualities as a pianist and composer", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Schumann suite contained the name of a piece Schumann named for Chopin?", "id": "56d3a74159d6e414001468a2", "answers": [{"text": "Carnaval", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What piece did Chopin dedicate to Schumann?", "id": "56d3a74159d6e414001468a3", "answers": [{"text": "Ballade No. 2 in F major", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other musician shows to have elements of Chopin in his work?", "id": "56d3a74159d6e414001468a4", "answers": [{"text": "Liszt", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for piano six of Chopin's Polish songs. A less fraught friendship was with Alkan, with whom he discussed elements of folk music, and who was deeply affected by Chopin's death."}]], [["Pada tahun 1358, rejim Viceregal Sakya yang dipasang oleh Mongol di Tibet telah ditumbangkan dalam pemberontakan oleh ketua Phagmodru Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302-1364). Mahkamah Mongol Yuan terpaksa menerima dia sebagai walikota baru, dan Changchub Gyaltsen dan penggantinya, Dinasti Phagmodrupa, memperoleh pemerintahan de facto di Tibet. <> Tahun apa rejim viceregal Sakya dibasmi? || 1358 <> Siapa yang meletakkan kedudukan kuasa rejim Sakya viceregal? || orang Mongol di Tibet <> Yang membasmi rejim viceregal Sakya? || Dinasti Phagmodru Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen <> Dinasti mana yang menjadi penguasa Tibet? || Dinasti Phagmodrupa", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was the Sakya viceregal regime eradicated? ", "id": "56cc59cd6d243a140015ef34", "answers": [{"text": "1358", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who placed the Sakya viceregal regime position of authority?", "id": "56cc59cd6d243a140015ef35", "answers": [{"text": "the Mongols in Tibet", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who eradicated the Sakya viceregal regime? ", "id": "56cc59cd6d243a140015ef36", "answers": [{"text": "the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which dynasty became ruler of Tibet?  ", "id": "56cc59cd6d243a140015ef37", "answers": [{"text": "the Phagmodrupa Dynasty", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1358, the Sakya viceregal regime installed by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown in a rebellion by the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302\u20131364). The Mongol Yuan court was forced to accept him as the new viceroy, and Changchub Gyaltsen and his successors, the Phagmodrupa Dynasty, gained de facto rule over Tibet."}], ["Pada tahun 1207, penguasa Mongol Genghis Khan (r. 1206-1227) menaklukkan dan menundukkan etnik Tangut negara Xia Barat (1038-1227). Pada tahun yang sama, beliau menubuhkan hubungan diplomatik dengan Tibet dengan menghantar utusan ke sana. Penaklukan Xia Barat mengejutkan penguasa Tibet, yang memutuskan untuk memberi penghormatan kepada Mongol. Walau bagaimanapun, apabila mereka berhenti memberi penghormatan selepas kematian Genghis Khan, penggantinya \u00d6gedei Khan (r 1229-1241) melancarkan serangan ke Tibet. <> Yang penguasa mengambil Xia Barat di bawah kawalan mereka? || Genghis Khan <> Siapa pengganti Genghis Khan? || \u00d6gedei Khan <> Berapa tahunkah pemerintahan \u00d6gedei Khan? || 1229-1241 <> Siapa yang menyerang Tibet? || \u00d6gedei Khan", {"qas": [{"question": "Which ruler took Western Xia under their control?", "id": "56cc41416d243a140015eee2", "answers": [{"text": "Genghis Khan", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Genghis Khan's successor? ", "id": "56cc41416d243a140015eee4", "answers": [{"text": "\u00d6gedei Khan", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What years did \u00d6gedei Khan rule?", "id": "56cc41416d243a140015eee5", "answers": [{"text": "1229\u20131241", "answer_start": 423}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who invaded Tibet? ", "id": "56cc41416d243a140015eee6", "answers": [{"text": "\u00d6gedei Khan", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1207, the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan (r. 1206\u20131227) conquered and subjugated the ethnic Tangut state of the Western Xia (1038\u20131227). In the same year, he established diplomatic relations with Tibet by sending envoys there. The conquest of the Western Xia alarmed Tibetan rulers, who decided to pay tribute to the Mongols. However, when they ceased to pay tribute after Genghis Khan's death, his successor \u00d6gedei Khan (r. 1229\u20131241) launched an invasion into Tibet."}], ["Tibet pernah menjadi kuasa yang kuat dengan Tang China (618-907). Sehingga kejatuhan Empayar Tibet pada abad ke-9, ia adalah saingan utama Tang dalam mendominasi Inner Asia. Penguasa Tibet Yarlung juga menandatangani pelbagai perjanjian damai dengan Tang, yang memuncak dalam perjanjian pada 821 yang menetapkan sempadan antara Tibet dan China. <> Dalam abad apakah kejatuhan Empayar Tibet? || abad ke-9 <> Yang menandatangani perjanjian damai dengan Tang? || Yarlung penguasa Tibet <> Apa salah satu perjanjian antara Tang dan Tibet membantu memperbaiki? || sempadan antara Tibet dan China <> Siapakah saingan terbesar Tangs? || Tibet <> Tahun apakah Tang dan Tibet menandatangani perjanjian untuk menetapkan sempadan? || 821", {"qas": [{"question": "In what century did the Tibetan Empire fall?", "id": "56cc36926d243a140015eece", "answers": [{"text": "the 9th century", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who signed multiple peace treaties with the Tang? ", "id": "56cc36926d243a140015eecf", "answers": [{"text": "The Yarlung rulers of Tibet", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did one of the treaties between the Tang and Tibet help fix?", "id": "56cc36926d243a140015eed0", "answers": [{"text": "the borders between Tibet and China", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Tangs biggest rival?", "id": "56cc36926d243a140015eed1", "answers": [{"text": "Tibet", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Tang and Tibet sign a treaty to fix the borders?", "id": "56cc36926d243a140015eed2", "answers": [{"text": "821", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Tibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with Tang China (618\u2013907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, culminating in a treaty in 821 that fixed the borders between Tibet and China."}], ["Semasa tempoh Lima Dinasti dan Sepuluh Kerajaan China (907-960), sementara dunia politik yang pecah di China tidak menimbulkan ancaman di Tibet yang berada dalam kekacauan politik, tidak ada hubungan dengan China-Tibet. Beberapa dokumen yang melibatkan hubungan Sino-Tibet bertahan dari dinasti Song (960-1279). Lagu itu jauh lebih prihatin dengan mengalahkan negeri musuh utara dinasti Liao yang memerintah Khitan (907-1125) dan dinasti Jin yang memerintah Jurchen (1115-1234). <> Bilakah tempoh Lima Dinasti dan Sepuluh Kerajaan berlaku? || 907-960 <> Bilakah dinasti Song berlaku? || 960-1279 <> Apa dinasti yang peduli dengan menentang negeri musuh utara? || Dinasti Song <> Yang memerintah dinasti Liao? || Khitan <> Yang memerintah dinasti Jin? || Jurchen", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China take place?", "id": "56cc3ad16d243a140015eed8", "answers": [{"text": "907\u2013960", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Song dynasty take place?", "id": "56cc3ad16d243a140015eed9", "answers": [{"text": "960\u20131279", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What dynasty was concerned with countering northern enemy states?", "id": "56cc3ad16d243a140015eeda", "answers": [{"text": "Song dynasty", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ruled the Liao dynasty?", "id": "56cc3ad16d243a140015eedb", "answers": [{"text": "the Khitan", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ruled the  Jin dynasty?", "id": "56cc3ad16d243a140015eedc", "answers": [{"text": "Jurchen", "answer_start": 448}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907\u2013960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (960\u20131279). The Song were far more concerned with countering northern enemy states of the Khitan-ruled Liao dynasty (907\u20131125) and Jurchen-ruled Jin dynasty (1115\u20131234)."}], ["Putera Mongolia, Godan, cucu Genghis Khan, menyerbu sejauh Lhasa. Semasa serangannya pada tahun 1240, Pangeran Godan memanggil Sakya Pandita (1182-1251), ketua sekolah Sakya Buddhisme Tibet, ke mahkamahnya di mana sekarang Gansu di China Barat. Dengan penyerahan Sakya Pandita kepada Godan pada tahun 1247, Tibet secara rasmi dimasukkan ke dalam Empayar Mongol semasa kabupaten T\u00f6regene Khatun (1241-1246). Michael C. van Walt van Praag menulis bahawa Godan telah memberikan kuasa temporal Sakya Pandita ke atas Tibet yang masih berpecah politik, menyatakan bahawa \"penglibatan ini tidak mempunyai kesan yang nyata\" tetapi ia penting kerana ia membentuk hubungan \"Imam-Penaung\" yang unik antara Mongol dan Sakya lamas. <> Siapa putera Mongol? || Godan <> Siapa pemimpin sekolah Sakya Buddhisme Tibet? || Sakya Pandita <> Siapa bupati Kerajaan Mongol? || T\u00f6regene Khatun <> Dalam tahun berapa T\u00f6regene Khatun menjadi bupati Empayar Mongol? || 1241-1246", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the Mongol prince?", "id": "56cc44b76d243a140015eeec", "answers": [{"text": "Godan", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism?", "id": "56cc44b76d243a140015eeed", "answers": [{"text": "Sakya Pandita", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the regent of the Mongol Empire?", "id": "56cc44b76d243a140015eeee", "answers": [{"text": "T\u00f6regene Khatun", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what years was T\u00f6regene Khatun the regent of the Mongol Empire?", "id": "56cc44b76d243a140015eeef", "answers": [{"text": "1241\u20131246", "answer_start": 399}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182\u20131251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China. With Sakya Pandita's submission to Godan in 1247, Tibet was officially incorporated into the Mongol Empire during the regency of T\u00f6regene Khatun (1241\u20131246). Michael C. van Walt van Praag writes that Godan granted Sakya Pandita temporal authority over a still politically fragmented Tibet, stating that \"this investiture had little real impact\" but it was significant in that it established the unique \"Priest-Patron\" relationship between the Mongols and the Sakya lamas."}], ["Bermula pada tahun 1236, putera Mongol, Kublai, yang kemudiannya memerintah sebagai Khagan dari 1260-1294, telah diberikan pelan besar di China Utara oleh ketuanya, \u00d6gedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, Karmapa Lama ke-2 (1203-1283) - keturunan lama dari keturunan Karma Kagyu dari Buddhisme Tibet-menolak undangan Kublai, jadi sebaliknya Kublai menjemput Drog\u00f6n Ch\u00f6gyal Phagpa (1235-1280), pengganti dan anak saudara dari Sakya Pandita, yang datang ke mahkamahnya pada 1253. Kublai memulakan hubungan yang unik dengan lama Phagpa, yang mengiktiraf Kublai sebagai pemerintahan yang unggul dalam urusan politik dan lama Phagpa sebagai pengajar senior kepada Kublai dalam urusan agama. Kublai juga membuat Drog\u00f6n Ch\u00f6gyal Phagpa sebagai pengarah agensi kerajaan yang dikenali sebagai Biro Agama Buddha dan Tibet dan imam raja-raja Tibet, yang terdiri daripada tiga belas negeri yang diperintah oleh misteri. <> Berapa banyak negeri yang diperintah oleh myriarchies? || tiga belas <> Tajuk apa yang telah memerintah putera Kublai dari tahun 1260 hingga 1294? || Khagan <> Siapakah putera tertinggi Kublai? || \u00d6gedei Khan <> Siapa yang menjadi Karmapa Lama kedua? || Karma Pakshi <> Dengan siapa Kublai Khan mempunyai hubungan yang unik dengan? || lama Phagpa", {"qas": [{"question": "How many states were ruled by myriarchies?", "id": "56cc50756d243a140015eef6", "answers": [{"text": "thirteen", "answer_start": 815}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What title did prince Kublai rule as from 1260 to 1294?", "id": "56cc50756d243a140015eef7", "answers": [{"text": "Khagan", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the superior of prince Kublai?", "id": "56cc50756d243a140015eef8", "answers": [{"text": "\u00d6gedei Khan", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who became the second Karmapa Lama?", "id": "56cc50756d243a140015eef9", "answers": [{"text": "Karma Pakshi", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With whom did Kublai Khan have a unique relationship with? ", "id": "56cc50756d243a140015eefa", "answers": [{"text": "the Phagpa lama", "answer_start": 470}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Starting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260\u20131294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, \u00d6gedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203\u20131283)\u2014the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism\u2014rejected Kublai's invitation, so instead Kublai invited Drog\u00f6n Ch\u00f6gyal Phagpa (1235\u20131280), successor and nephew of Sakya Pandita, who came to his court in 1253. Kublai instituted a unique relationship with the Phagpa lama, which recognized Kublai as a superior sovereign in political affairs and the Phagpa lama as the senior instructor to Kublai in religious affairs. Kublai also made Drog\u00f6n Ch\u00f6gyal Phagpa the director of the government agency known as the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs and the ruling priest-king of Tibet, which comprised thirteen different states ruled by myriarchies."}], ["Sifat sebenar hubungan antara Tibet dan dinasti Ming China (1368-1644) tidak jelas. Analisis hubungan semakin rumit oleh konflik politik moden dan penerapan kedaulatan Westphalian pada masa konsep itu tidak wujud. Beberapa ulama Cina daratan, seperti Wang Jiawei dan Nyima Gyaincain, menegaskan bahawa Dinasti Ming telah tidak dipertikaikan kedaulatan ke atas Tibet, menunjuk kepada pengadilan Ming yang mengeluarkan pelbagai tajuk kepada pemimpin Tibet, penerimaan penuh Tibet terhadap gelar-gelar ini, dan proses pembaharuan untuk pengganti gelaran ini yang melibatkan perjalanan ke ibukota Ming. Para ilmuwan di China juga berpendapat bahawa Tibet telah menjadi bahagian penting dari China sejak abad ke-13 dan ia merupakan sebahagian daripada Empayar Ming. Tetapi kebanyakan cendekiawan di luar China, seperti Turrell V. Wylie, Melvin C. Goldstein, dan Helmut Hoffman, mengatakan bahawa hubungan itu adalah salah satu kekuasaan, bahawa tajuk Ming hanya nominal, bahawa Tibet kekal wilayah bebas di luar kawalan Ming, dan ia hanya memberi penghormatan sehingga Maharaja Jiajing (1521-1566), yang berhenti hubungan dengan Tibet. <> Siapa Wang Jiawei dan Nyima Gyaincain? || Ulama Cina daratan", {"qas": [{"question": "Who were Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain?", "id": "56cc239e6d243a140015eeb7", "answers": [{"text": "Mainland Chinese scholars", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The exact nature of relations between Tibet and the Ming dynasty of China (1368\u20131644) is unclear. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. Some Mainland Chinese scholars, such as Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain, assert that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet, pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of these titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars within China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and that it was thus a part of the Ming Empire. But most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvin C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, that Ming titles were only nominal, that Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and that it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor (1521\u20131566), who ceased relations with Tibet."}], ["Ming memulakan intervensi bersenjata yang sporadis di Tibet pada abad ke-14, tetapi tidak ada tentera tetap di garnisun. Kadang-kadang orang Tibet juga menggunakan rintangan bersenjata terhadap forays Ming. Maharaja Wanli (r 1572-1620) membuat percubaan untuk membina semula hubungan Sino-Tibet selepas perikatan Mongol-Tibet yang dimulakan pada tahun 1578, yang menjejaskan dasar asing dinasti Qing yang berikutnya (1644-1912) dari China dalam menyokong mereka untuk Dalai Lama dari sekolah Gelug. Menjelang akhir abad ke-16, Mongol berjaya pelindung bersenjata Gelug Dalai Lama, setelah meningkatkan kehadiran mereka di rantau Amdo. Ini memuncak pada penaklukan G\u00fcshi Khan (1582-1655) Tibet dari 1637-1642 dan penubuhan rejim Ganden Phodrang oleh Dalai Lama ke-5 dengan bantuannya. <> Apa yang digunakan oleh orang Tibet terhadap forays Ming? || rintangan bersenjata <> Siapa pelindung bersenjata untuk Gelug Dalai Lama? || kaum Mongol <> Rejim yang mana yang membantu G\u00fcshi Khan membantu? || Ganden Phodrang <> Kapan perikatan Mongol-Tibet bermula? || 1578", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the Tibetans use against Ming forays?", "id": "56cc306b6d243a140015eec5", "answers": [{"text": "armed resistance", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were the armed protectors for the Gelug Dalai Lama?", "id": "56cc306b6d243a140015eec6", "answers": [{"text": "the Mongols", "answer_start": 503}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which regime did G\u00fcshi Khan help establish? ", "id": "56cc306b6d243a140015eec7", "answers": [{"text": "the Ganden Phodrang", "answer_start": 727}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Mongol-Tibetan alliance started?", "id": "56cc306b6d243a140015eec8", "answers": [{"text": "1578", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572\u20131620) made attempts to reestablish Sino-Tibetan relations after the Mongol-Tibetan alliance initiated in 1578, which affected the foreign policy of the subsequent Qing dynasty (1644\u20131912) of China in their support for the Dalai Lama of the Gelug school. By the late 16th century, the Mongols were successful armed protectors of the Gelug Dalai Lama, after increasing their presence in the Amdo region. This culminated in G\u00fcshi Khan's (1582\u20131655) conquest of Tibet from 1637\u20131642 and the establishment of the Ganden Phodrang regime by the 5th Dalai Lama with his help."}], ["Kublai Khan tidak menaklukkan dinasti Song di China Selatan sehingga 1279, jadi Tibet merupakan komponen dari Empayar Mongol awal sebelum ia digabung menjadi salah satu empayar keturunannya dengan seluruh China di bawah dinasti Yuan (1271-1368). Van Praag menulis bahawa penaklukan ini \"menandakan berakhirnya China bebas\" yang kemudiannya dimasukkan ke dalam dinasti Yuan yang memerintah China, Tibet, Mongolia, Korea, bahagian Siberia dan Upper Burma. Morris Rossabi, seorang profesor sejarah Asia di Queens College, City University of New York, menulis bahawa \"Khubilai ingin dilihat sebagai Khan Khans yang sah dari Mongol dan sebagai Maharaja China Walaupun dia telah, pada awal 1260-an, dikenal pasti dengan China, dia masih lagi mendakwa peraturan sejagat \", namun\" walaupun kejayaannya di China dan Korea, Khubilai tidak dapat diterima sebagai Khan Besar \". Oleh itu, dengan penerimaan yang begitu terhad terhadap kedudukannya sebagai Khan Besar, Kublai Khan semakin dikenal pasti dengan China dan mendapatkan sokongan sebagai Maharaja China. <> Bilakah Kublai Khan menakluki dinasti lagu? || 1279 <> Bilakah dinasti Yuan memerintah? || 1271-1368 <> Yang dinasti mana yang memerintah semua china? || Dinasti Yuan <> Apakah tuntutan Khubilai buat sementara waktu? || peraturan sejagat <> Di manakah Khubilai mencari sokongan sebagai Maharaja? || China", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Kublai Khan conquer the song dynasty?  ", "id": "56cc52186d243a140015ef00", "answers": [{"text": "1279", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Yuan dynasty rule?", "id": "56cc52186d243a140015ef01", "answers": [{"text": "1271\u20131368", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which dynasty ruled all of china? ", "id": "56cc52186d243a140015ef02", "answers": [{"text": "the Yuan dynasty", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Khubilai claim for a while?", "id": "56cc52186d243a140015ef03", "answers": [{"text": "universal rule", "answer_start": 765}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Khubilai seek support as Emperor?", "id": "56cc52186d243a140015ef04", "answers": [{"text": "China", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Kublai Khan did not conquer the Song dynasty in South China until 1279, so Tibet was a component of the early Mongol Empire before it was combined into one of its descendant empires with the whole of China under the Yuan dynasty (1271\u20131368). Van Praag writes that this conquest \"marked the end of independent China,\" which was then incorporated into the Yuan dynasty that ruled China, Tibet, Mongolia, Korea, parts of Siberia and Upper Burma. Morris Rossabi, a professor of Asian history at Queens College, City University of New York, writes that \"Khubilai wished to be perceived both as the legitimate Khan of Khans of the Mongols and as the Emperor of China. Though he had, by the early 1260s, become closely identified with China, he still, for a time, claimed universal rule\", and yet \"despite his successes in China and Korea, Khubilai was unable to have himself accepted as the Great Khan\". Thus, with such limited acceptance of his position as Great Khan, Kublai Khan increasingly became identified with China and sought support as Emperor of China."}], ["Sesetengah ulama menyatakan bahawa pemimpin Tibet semasa Ming sering terlibat dalam perang saudara dan menjalankan diplomasi asing mereka sendiri dengan negara-negara jiran seperti Nepal. Sesetengah ulama menggariskan aspek komersil hubungan Ming-Tibet, mencatat kekurangan kuda kuda dinasti untuk peperangan dan oleh itu pentingnya perdagangan kuda dengan Tibet. Lain-lain berhujah bahawa sifat keagamaan yang signifikan dari hubungan pengadilan Ming dengan lamas Tibet kurang dikenali dalam biasiswa moden. Dengan harapan untuk menghidupkan semula hubungan unik pemimpin Mongol terdahulu, Kublai Khan (r 1260-1294) dan ketua rohaninya, Drog\u00f6n Ch\u00f6gyal Phagpa (1235-1280) dari Sakya Buddhisme Tibet, Maharaja Yongle (rm 1402-1424 ) membuat usaha bersepadu untuk membina persekutuan sekular dan agama dengan Deshin Shekpa (1384-1415), Karmapa sekolah Karma Kagyu. Walau bagaimanapun, cubaan Maharaja Yongle tidak berjaya. <> Apakah perdagangan yang penting dilakukan oleh Dinasti Ming dengan Tibet? || perdagangan kuda <> Selama tahun apakah pemimpin Mongol Kublai Khan memerintah? || 1402-1424 <> Siapa yang Maharaja Yongle cuba membina sebuah persekutuan keagamaan? || Deshin Shekpa <> Deshin Shekpa adalah ketua sekolah apa? || sekolah Karma Kagyu <> Para pemimpin Tibet mempunyai diplomasi dengan negara jiran? || Nepal", {"qas": [{"question": "What important trade did the Ming Dynasty have with Tibet?", "id": "56cc27346d243a140015eeba", "answers": [{"text": "horse trade", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what years did the Mongol leader Kublai Khan rule?", "id": "56cc27346d243a140015eebb", "answers": [{"text": "1402\u20131424", "answer_start": 739}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the Yongle Emperor try to build a religious alliance with?", "id": "56cc27346d243a140015eebc", "answers": [{"text": "Deshin Shekpa", "answer_start": 821}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Deshin Shekpa was the head of what school?", "id": "56cc27346d243a140015eebd", "answers": [{"text": "the Karma Kagyu school", "answer_start": 863}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Tibetan leaders had a diplomacy with what neighboring state?", "id": "56cc27346d243a140015eebe", "answers": [{"text": "Nepal", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship. In hopes of reviving the unique relationship of the earlier Mongol leader Kublai Khan (r. 1260\u20131294) and his spiritual superior Drog\u00f6n Ch\u00f6gyal Phagpa (1235\u20131280) of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402\u20131424) made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa (1384\u20131415), the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful."}], ["Ahli sejarah tidak bersetuju mengenai apa hubungannya antara mahkamah Ming dan Tibet dan sama ada atau tidak Ming China mempunyai kedaulatan ke atas Tibet. Van Praag menulis bahawa ahli sejarah mahkamah China melihat Tibet sebagai anak sungai asing yang bebas dan mempunyai sedikit minat di Tibet selain hubungan lama-patron. Ahli sejarah Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa menyokong kedudukan van Praag. Walau bagaimanapun, Wang Jiawei dan Nyima Gyaincain menyatakan bahawa pernyataan-pernyataan ini oleh van Praag dan Shakabpa adalah \"kesalahan\". <> Siapa yang menyokong kepercayaan van Praag? || ahli sejarah Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa <> Siapa yang tidak bersetuju dengan van Praag dan Shakabpa? || Wang Jiawei dan Nyima Gyaincain", {"qas": [{"question": "Who supported van Praag's beliefs? ", "id": "56ccea7c62d2951400fa64de", "answers": [{"text": "historian Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did not agree with van Praag and Shakabpa?", "id": "56ccea7c62d2951400fa64df", "answers": [{"text": "Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Historians disagree on what the relationship was between the Ming court and Tibet and whether or not Ming China had sovereignty over Tibet. Van Praag writes that Chinese court historians viewed Tibet as an independent foreign tributary and had little interest in Tibet besides a lama-patron relationship. The historian Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa supports van Praag's position. However, Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain state that these assertions by van Praag and Shakabpa are \"fallacies\"."}], ["Walau bagaimanapun, kerajaan Ming awal menguatkuasakan undang-undang, kemudian dibatalkan, yang melarang Han Cina mempelajari ajaran Buddha Tibet. Terdapat sedikit bukti terperinci tentang Cina-terutamanya meletakkan Cina-belajar Buddhisme Tibet hingga era Republikan (1912-1949). Walaupun misi ini bagi pihak Maharaja Hongwu, Morris Rossabi menulis bahawa Maharaja Yongle (rm 1402-1424) \"adalah penguasa Ming yang pertama secara aktif untuk mencari perpanjangan hubungan dengan Tibet.\" <> Siapa yang membuat undang-undang yang tidak membenarkan Han Cina belajar kepercayaan Buddhisme Tibet? || Kerajaan Ming <> Berapa tahun pemerintahan Yongle memerintah? || 1402-1424 <> Yang bekerja untuk mendapatkan perpanjangan hubungan dengan Tibet? || Maharaja Yongle", {"qas": [{"question": "Who created a law that did not allow Han Chinese to learn the beliefs of Tibetan Buddhism?", "id": "56cccb3c62d2951400fa64be", "answers": [{"text": "Ming government", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What years did the Yongle Emperor reign? ", "id": "56cccb3c62d2951400fa64bf", "answers": [{"text": "1402\u20131424", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who worked towards obtaining a extension of relations with Tibet?", "id": "56cccb3c62d2951400fa64c0", "answers": [{"text": "the Yongle Emperor", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "However, the early Ming government enacted a law, later rescinded, which forbade Han Chinese to learn the tenets of Tibetan Buddhism. There is little detailed evidence of Chinese\u2014especially lay Chinese\u2014studying Tibetan Buddhism until the Republican era (1912\u20131949). Despite these missions on behalf of the Hongwu Emperor, Morris Rossabi writes that the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402\u20131424) \"was the first Ming ruler actively to seek an extension of relations with Tibet.\""}], ["Seperti terbukti dalam ketetapan imperialnya, Maharaja Hongwu menyedari hubungan Buddha antara Tibet dan China dan mahu memupuknya. Rolpe Dorje, Karmapa Lama ke-4 (1340-1383) menolak jemputan Maharaja Hongwu, walaupun dia menghantar beberapa murid sebagai utusan ke mahkamah di Nanjing. Maharaja Hongwu juga mempercayakan gurunya, Zongluo, salah seorang pendeta Buddha di mahkamah, untuk mengetuai sebuah misi agama ke Tibet pada tahun 1378-1382 untuk mendapatkan teks-teks Buddha. <> Siapa Karmapa Lama keempat? || Rolpe Dorje <> Siapa yang menolak jemputan oleh Maharaja Hongwu? || Rolpe Dorje <> Apakah Kaisar Hongwu mahu terus mempromosikan? || hubungan Buddha antara Tibet dan China <> Siapa yang menghantar Rolpe Dorje sebagai utusan ke mahkamah di Nanjing? || murid-murid", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the fourth Karmapa Lama?", "id": "56cc5fd66d243a140015ef50", "answers": [{"text": "Rolpe Dorje", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who rejected an invitation by the Hongwu Emperor?", "id": "56cc5fd66d243a140015ef52", "answers": [{"text": "Rolpe Dorje", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the the Hongwu Emperor want to continue to promote?", "id": "56cc5fd66d243a140015ef53", "answers": [{"text": "the Buddhist link between Tibet and China", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Rolpe Dorje send as envoys to court in Nanjing?", "id": "56cc5fd66d243a140015ef54", "answers": [{"text": "disciples", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor was well aware of the Buddhist link between Tibet and China and wanted to foster it. Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340\u20131383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he did send some disciples as envoys to the court in Nanjing. The Hongwu Emperor also entrusted his guru Zongluo, one of many Buddhist monks at court, to head a religious mission into Tibet in 1378\u20131382 in order to obtain Buddhist texts."}], ["Mahkamah Ming melantik tiga Putera Dharma (\u6cd5\u738b) dan lima Putera (\u738b), dan memberikan gelaran lain seperti Tutor Negeri Besar (\u5927 \u570b \u5e2b) dan Tutor Negeri (\u570b \u5e2b), ke sekolah-sekolah penting Buddhisme Tibet, termasuk Karma Kagyu, Sakya, dan Gelug. Menurut Wang Jiawei dan Nyima Gyaincain, pegawai utama organ-organ ini semua dilantik oleh kerajaan pusat dan tertakluk kepada kedaulatan undang-undang. Namun Van Praag menerangkan kod undang-undang Tibet yang tersendiri dan tahan lama yang ditubuhkan oleh penguasa Phagmodru, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen sebagai salah satu daripada banyak pembaharuan untuk menghidupkan semula tradisi Tibet lama. <> Berapa banyak putera Dharma ditugaskan oleh mahkamah Ming? || tiga <> yang menubuhkan kod hukum Tibet? || Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen <> Siapa penguasa Phagmodru? || Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen", {"qas": [{"question": "How many princes of Dharma were assigned by the Ming court?", "id": "56ccd9b562d2951400fa64d0", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who established the Tibetan law code?", "id": "56ccd9b562d2951400fa64d2", "answers": [{"text": "Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen", "answer_start": 522}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Phagmodru ruler?", "id": "56ccd9b562d2951400fa64d3", "answers": [{"text": "Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen", "answer_start": 522}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Ming court appointed three Princes of Dharma (\u6cd5\u738b) and five Princes (\u738b), and granted many other titles, such as Grand State Tutors (\u5927\u570b\u5e2b) and State Tutors (\u570b\u5e2b), to the important schools of Tibetan Buddhism, including the Karma Kagyu, Sakya, and Gelug. According to Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain, leading officials of these organs were all appointed by the central government and were subject to the rule of law. Yet Van Praag describes the distinct and long-lasting Tibetan law code established by the Phagmodru ruler Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen as one of many reforms to revive old Imperial Tibetan traditions."}], ["Mengikut Sejarah Dua Puluh Empat rasmi, Sejarah Ming disusun pada tahun 1739 oleh Dinasti Qing yang berikutnya (1644-1912), dinasti Ming menubuhkan \"Pejabat Marshal Tentera Laut Sipil \u00c9-L\u00ec-S\u012b\" (Bahasa Cina: \u4fc4 \u529b \u601d\u8ecd\u6c11 \u5143\u5e25 \u5e9c) di Tibet barat dan memasang \"Commander High Itinerant\" \u00dc-Tsang dan \"Amdo-Kham Itinerant Highery Commandery\" untuk mentadbir Kham. Mingshi menyatakan bahawa pejabat-pejabat pentadbiran telah ditubuhkan di bawah komando-komander yang tinggi ini, termasuk satu Kejatuhan Perintah, tiga Pejabat Pesuruhjaya Pacitan, enam pejabat Pesuruhjaya Ekspedisi, empat pejabat Wanhu (keturunan, di bawah 10,000 rumah tangga masing-masing) dan tujuh puluh pejabat Qianhu (ketua-ketua, masing-masing dalam memerintah 1,000 isi rumah). <> Berapa tahunkah pemerintahan dinasti Qing? || 1644-1912 <> tahun apakah riwayat Ming dihasilkan? || 1739 <> Apa yang dibuat oleh dinasti Ming? || E-L\u00ec-S\u012b Pejabat Marshal Tentera-Awam <> Berapa banyak pejabat Qianhu di sana? || tujuh belas pejabat Qianhu <> di mana Pejabat Marshal Tentera-Sipil \u00c9-L\u00ec-Situ ditubuhkan? || Tibet barat", {"qas": [{"question": "What years did the Qing dynasty rule?", "id": "56ccd5bc62d2951400fa64c6", "answers": [{"text": "1644\u20131912", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what year was the history of Ming produced? ", "id": "56ccd5bc62d2951400fa64c7", "answers": [{"text": "1739", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Ming dynasty create?", "id": "56ccd5bc62d2951400fa64c8", "answers": [{"text": "\u00c9-L\u00ec-S\u012b Army-Civilian Marshal Office", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Qianhu offices were there?", "id": "56ccd5bc62d2951400fa64c9", "answers": [{"text": "seventeen Qianhu offices", "answer_start": 638}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "where was the \u00c9-L\u00ec-S\u012b Army-Civilian Marshal Office established?", "id": "56ccd5bc62d2951400fa64ca", "answers": [{"text": "western Tibet", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to the official Twenty-Four Histories, the History of Ming compiled in 1739 by the subsequent Qing dynasty (1644\u20131912), the Ming dynasty established the \"\u00c9-L\u00ec-S\u012b Army-Civilian Marshal Office\" (Chinese: \u4fc4\u529b\u601d\u8ecd\u6c11\u5143\u5e25\u5e9c) in western Tibet and installed the \"\u00dc-Tsang Itinerant High Commandery\" and \"Amdo-Kham Itinerant High Commandery\" to administer Kham. The Mingshi states that administrative offices were set up under these high commanderies, including one Itinerant Commandery, three Pacification Commissioner's Offices, six Expedition Commissioner's Offices, four Wanhu offices (myriarchies, in command of 10,000 households each) and seventeen Qianhu offices (chiliarchies, each in command of 1,000 households)."}], ["Pada 1368, pemberontakan Han Cina yang dikenali sebagai Pemberontakan Turban Merah menggulingkan dinasti Mongol Yuan di China. Zhu Yuanzhang kemudiannya mendirikan dinasti Ming, memerintah sebagai Maharaja Hongwu (1368-1398). Tidak jelas betapa awal pengadilan Ming memahami perang saudara yang berlaku di Tibet antara saudara-mara agama saingan, tetapi maharaja pertama ingin mengelakkan masalah yang sama yang menyebabkan Tibet untuk dinasti Tang. Daripada mengenali penguasa Phagmodru, Maharaja Hongwu berpihak dengan Karmapa di rantau Kham yang lebih dekat dan Tibet tenggara, menghantar utusan di musim dingin 1372-1373 untuk meminta pemegang kad Yuan memperbaharui gelaran mereka untuk mahkamah Ming yang baru. <> Siapa yang mencipta Dinasti Ming? || Zhu Yuanzhang <> Siapa yang menyebabkan dinasti Yuan jatuh? || Pemberontakan Turban Merah <> Yang memerintah sebagai Maharaja Hongwu? || Zhu Yuanzhang <> Berapa tahun Zhu Yuanzhang memerintah sebagai Maharaja Hongwu? || 1368-1398 <> Siapa Maharaja Hongwu menghantar konvoi? || Pemegang jawatan Yuan", {"qas": [{"question": "Who created the Ming Dynasty? ", "id": "56cc5e026d243a140015ef3c", "answers": [{"text": "Zhu Yuanzhang", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who caused the Yuan dynasty to fall?", "id": "56cc5e026d243a140015ef3d", "answers": [{"text": "the Red Turban Rebellion", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ruled as the the Hongwu Emperor?", "id": "56cc5e026d243a140015ef3e", "answers": [{"text": "Zhu Yuanzhang", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What years did Zhu Yuanzhang rule as the Hongwu Emperor?", "id": "56cc5e026d243a140015ef3f", "answers": [{"text": "1368\u20131398", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the Hongwu Emperor send convoys to?", "id": "56cc5e026d243a140015ef40", "answers": [{"text": "Yuan officeholders", "answer_start": 617}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1368, a Han Chinese revolt known as the Red Turban Rebellion toppled the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China. Zhu Yuanzhang then established the Ming dynasty, ruling as the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368\u20131398). It is not clear how much the early Ming court understood the civil war going on in Tibet between rival religious sects, but the first emperor was anxious to avoid the same trouble that Tibet had caused for the Tang dynasty. Instead of recognizing the Phagmodru ruler, the Hongwu Emperor sided with the Karmapa of the nearer Kham region and southeastern Tibet, sending envoys out in the winter of 1372\u20131373 to ask the Yuan officeholders to renew their titles for the new Ming court."}], ["Akhir Turrell V. Wylie, bekas profesor Universiti Washington, dan Li Tieh-tseng berpendapat bahawa kebolehpercayaan Sejarah Ming yang ditapis secara ketat sebagai sumber yang boleh dipercayai mengenai hubungan Sino-Tibet adalah dipersoalkan, berdasarkan beasiswa moden . Ahli sejarah lain juga menegaskan bahawa tajuk-tajuk Ming itu nominal dan tidak sebenarnya memberi kuasa bahawa gelaran Yuan terdahulu. Van Praag menulis bahawa \"banyak misi Tibet bermotivasi ekonomi ke Mahkamah Ming disebut sebagai 'misi tributary' di Ming Shih.\" Van Praag menulis bahawa \"misi anak sungai\" ini hanya dipicu oleh keperluan China untuk kuda dari Tibet, kerana pasaran kuda yang layak di tanah Mongolia ditutup akibat konflik yang tidak menentu. Morris Rossabi juga menulis bahawa \"Tibet, yang mempunyai hubungan luas dengan China semasa Yuan, hampir tidak mempunyai hubungan diplomatik dengan Ming.\" <> yang merupakan seorang profesor di University of Washington? || Turrell V. Wylie <> Siapa yang mempunyai banyak kenalan dengan China semasa Yuan? || Tibet <> Yang percaya bahawa Tibet hampir tidak mempunyai hubungan diplomatik dengan Ming? || Morris Rossabi", {"qas": [{"question": "who was a professor of the University of Washington?", "id": "56ccde7862d2951400fa64d8", "answers": [{"text": "Turrell V. Wylie", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who had a large amount of contacts with china during Yuan?", "id": "56ccde7862d2951400fa64d9", "answers": [{"text": "Tibet", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who believed that Tibet barely had any diplomatic relations with the Ming?", "id": "56ccde7862d2951400fa64da", "answers": [{"text": "Morris Rossabi", "answer_start": 757}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The late Turrell V. Wylie, a former professor of the University of Washington, and Li Tieh-tseng argue that the reliability of the heavily censored History of Ming as a credible source on Sino-Tibetan relations is questionable, in the light of modern scholarship. Other historians also assert that these Ming titles were nominal and did not actually confer the authority that the earlier Yuan titles had. Van Praag writes that the \"numerous economically motivated Tibetan missions to the Ming Court are referred to as 'tributary missions' in the Ming Shih.\" Van Praag writes that these \"tributary missions\" were simply prompted by China's need for horses from Tibet, since a viable horse market in Mongol lands was closed as a result of incessant conflict. Morris Rossabi also writes that \"Tibet, which had extensive contacts with China during the Yuan, scarcely had diplomatic relations with the Ming.\""}], ["Wartawan dan penulis Thomas Laird, dalam bukunya The Story of Tibet: Perbualan dengan Dalai Lama, menulis bahawa Wang dan Nyima menyampaikan pandangan pemerintah Republik Rakyat China dalam Status Sejarah Tibet China mereka, dan gagal menyedari bahawa China \"diserap ke dalam unit politik yang lebih besar, bukan Cina\" semasa Dinasti Mongol Yuan, yang cat Wang dan Nyima sebagai ciri khas dinasti Cina yang digantikan oleh Ming. Laird menegaskan bahawa khitan Mongol yang memerintah tidak pernah mentadbirkan Tibet sebagai sebahagian daripada China dan sebaliknya memerintah mereka sebagai wilayah yang berasingan, membandingkan kaum Mongol dengan British yang menjajah India dan New Zealand, namun menyatakan ini tidak menjadikan sebahagian India dari New Zealand sebagai akibatnya. Dari akaun Mongol dan Tibet yang kemudiannya menafsirkan penaklukan Mongolia terhadap Tibet, Laird menegaskan bahawa \"mereka, seperti semua narasi sejarah bukan Cina, tidak pernah menggambarkan penderhakaan Mongol Tibet sebagai orang Cina.\" <> Siapa yang menulis buku The Story of Tibet? || Wartawan dan penulis Thomas Laird <> yang menjajah India dan New Zealand? || British <> Siapa sudut pandang Thomas Laird percaya Wang dan Nyima hadir? || pandangan kerajaan Republik Rakyat China", {"qas": [{"question": "Who wrote the book The Story of Tibet?", "id": "56cceda862d2951400fa64ec", "answers": [{"text": "Journalist and author Thomas Laird", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "who colonized India and New Zealand?", "id": "56cceda862d2951400fa64ed", "answers": [{"text": "the British", "answer_start": 608}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who's viewpoint does Thomas Laird believe Wang and Nyima present?", "id": "56cceda862d2951400fa64ee", "answers": [{"text": "the government viewpoint of the People's Republic of China", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Journalist and author Thomas Laird, in his book The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama, writes that Wang and Nyima present the government viewpoint of the People's Republic of China in their Historical Status of China's Tibet, and fail to realize that China was \"absorbed into a larger, non-Chinese political unit\" during the Mongol Yuan dynasty, which Wang and Nyima paint as a characteristic Chinese dynasty succeeded by the Ming. Laird asserts that the ruling Mongol khans never administered Tibet as part of China and instead ruled them as separate territories, comparing the Mongols with the British who colonized India and New Zealand, yet stating this does not make India part of New Zealand as a consequence. Of later Mongol and Tibetan accounts interpreting the Mongol conquest of Tibet, Laird asserts that \"they, like all non-Chinese historical narratives, never portray the Mongol subjugation of Tibet as a Chinese one.\""}], ["Wang dan Nyima berhujah bahawa Maharaja Ming menghantar edicts ke Tibet dua kali pada tahun kedua dinasti Ming, dan menunjukkan bahawa dia melihat Tibet sebagai wilayah penting untuk menenangkan dengan mendesak pelbagai suku Tibet untuk mengemukakan kepada pihak penguasa Ming. Mereka menyedari bahawa pada masa yang sama, Mongol Putera Punala, yang mewarisi kedudukannya sebagai penguasa daerah Tibet, pergi ke Nanjing pada tahun 1371 untuk memberi penghormatan dan menunjukkan kesetiaannya ke mahkamah Ming, membawa bersama dengannya meterai kuasa yang dikeluarkan oleh mahkamah Yuan. Mereka juga menyatakan bahawa sejak pengganti lamas diberikan gelaran \"putera\" terpaksa pergi ke mahkamah Ming untuk memperbaharui tajuk ini, dan sejak lama dipanggil putera mereka, maka pengadilan Ming itu \"memiliki kedaulatan penuh atas Tibet.\" Mereka menyatakan bahawa Dinasti Ming, dengan mengeluarkan perintah imperial untuk menjemput pegawai ex-Yuan ke mahkamah untuk jawatan rasmi pada tahun-tahun awal penubuhannya, memenangi penyerahan dari pemimpin agama dan pentadbiran mantan Yuan di wilayah Tibet, dan dengan itu dimasukkan Tibet kawasan menjadi peraturan pengadilan Ming. Oleh itu, mereka menyimpulkan, mahkamah Ming memenangi kuasa untuk memerintah kawasan Tibet yang dahulu di bawah pemerintahan dinasti Yuan. <> Siapa percaya bahawa pengadilan Ming mempunyai kedaulatan penuh ke atas Tibet? || Wang dan Nyima <> Tahun apa Wang dan Nyima percaya bahawa Putera Mongol Punala pergi ke Nanjing? || 1371 <> Apa yang dipanggil oleh mereka? || putera <> Apa edicts yang membuat isu Ming? || undang-undang imperial", {"qas": [{"question": "Who believed that the Ming court had full sovereignty over Tibet?", "id": "56ccea7f62d2951400fa64e2", "answers": [{"text": "Wang and Nyima", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Wang and Nyima believe that the Mongol Prince Punala went to Nanjing?", "id": "56ccea7f62d2951400fa64e3", "answers": [{"text": "1371", "answer_start": 398}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the lamas called themselves?", "id": "56ccea7f62d2951400fa64e5", "answers": [{"text": "princes", "answer_start": 691}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What edicts did the Ming issue?", "id": "56ccea7f62d2951400fa64e6", "answers": [{"text": "imperial edicts", "answer_start": 805}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Wang and Nyima argue that the Ming emperor sent edicts to Tibet twice in the second year of the Ming dynasty, and demonstrated that he viewed Tibet as a significant region to pacify by urging various Tibetan tribes to submit to the authority of the Ming court. They note that at the same time, the Mongol Prince Punala, who had inherited his position as ruler of areas of Tibet, went to Nanjing in 1371 to pay tribute and show his allegiance to the Ming court, bringing with him the seal of authority issued by the Yuan court. They also state that since successors of lamas granted the title of \"prince\" had to travel to the Ming court to renew this title, and since lamas called themselves princes, the Ming court therefore had \"full sovereignty over Tibet.\" They state that the Ming dynasty, by issuing imperial edicts to invite ex-Yuan officials to the court for official positions in the early years of its founding, won submission from ex-Yuan religious and administrative leaders in the Tibetan areas, and thereby incorporated Tibetan areas into the rule of the Ming court. Thus, they conclude, the Ming court won the power to rule Tibetan areas formerly under the rule of the Yuan dynasty."}], ["The Columbia Encyclopedia membezakan antara dinasti Yuan dan kekaisaran Empayar Mongol yang lain dari Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate dan Golden Horde. Ia menggambarkan Dinasti Yuan sebagai \"Dinasti Mongol China yang memerintah dari 1271 hingga 1368, dan pembahagian empayar besar yang ditaklukkan oleh Mongol. Ditubuhkan oleh Kublai Khan, yang mengadopsi nama dinasti Cina Y\u00fcan pada tahun 1271.\" Encyclopedia Americana menggambarkan dinasti Yuan sebagai \"garis penguasa Mongol di China\" dan menambah bahawa Mongol \"mengisytiharkan dinasti Y\u00fcan gaya Cina di Khanbaliq (Beijing).\" Muzium Seni Metropolitan menulis bahawa penguasa Mongol dari dinasti Yuan \"mengadopsi model-model politik dan kebudayaan Cina, yang memerintah dari ibukota mereka di Dadu, mereka mengasumsikan peranan empayar China,\" walaupun ahli Tibet Thomas Laird menolak dinasti Yuan sebagai tokoh non- Politik Cina dan memainkan ciri-ciri Cinanya. Muzium Seni Metropolitan juga menyatakan bahawa meskipun asimilasi secara beransur-ansur kepada raja-raja Yuan, para penguasa Mongolia sebahagian besarnya mengabaikan literati dan mengenakan dasar-dasar keras yang mendiskriminasikan Cina selatan. Dalam Kublai Khan: Kehidupan dan Masanya, Rossabi menjelaskan bahawa Kublai \"menciptakan institusi kerajaan yang sama seperti atau sama dengan orang-orang Cina tradisional\", dan dia \"ingin memberi isyarat kepada orang Cina bahawa dia berhasrat untuk mengadopsi gaya dan gaya seorang penguasa Cina \". <> Bagaimanakah The Encyclopedia The Columbia menggambarkan dinasti Yuan? || Dinasti Mongol China <> Bagaimana Encyclopedia Americana menggambarkan Dinasti Yuan? || garis penguasa Mongol di China <> Apa yang Thomas Laird mengabaikan Dinasti Yuan sebagai? || sebuah puak bukan Cina <> Siapa yang menulis buku Khubilai Khan? || Rossabi <> Bilakah dinasti yuan bermula dan berakhir? || 1271 hingga 1368", {"qas": [{"question": "How did the The Columbia Encyclopedia describe the Yuan dynasty?", "id": "56ccf12b62d2951400fa64f2", "answers": [{"text": "A Mongol dynasty of China", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did the Encyclopedia Americana describe the Yuan Dynasty?", "id": "56ccf12b62d2951400fa64f3", "answers": [{"text": "the line of Mongol rulers in China", "answer_start": 444}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Thomas Laird dismiss the Yuan dynasty as?", "id": "56ccf12b62d2951400fa64f4", "answers": [{"text": "a non-Chinese polity", "answer_start": 846}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the book Khubilai Khan?", "id": "56ccf12b62d2951400fa64f5", "answers": [{"text": "Rossabi", "answer_start": 1168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the yuan dynasty start and end?", "id": "56ccf12b62d2951400fa64f6", "answers": [{"text": "1271 to 1368", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Columbia Encyclopedia distinguishes between the Yuan dynasty and the other Mongol Empire khanates of Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate and the Golden Horde. It describes the Yuan dynasty as \"A Mongol dynasty of China that ruled from 1271 to 1368, and a division of the great empire conquered by the Mongols. Founded by Kublai Khan, who adopted the Chinese dynastic name of Y\u00fcan in 1271.\" The Encyclopedia Americana describes the Yuan dynasty as \"the line of Mongol rulers in China\" and adds that the Mongols \"proclaimed a Chinese-style Y\u00fcan dynasty at Khanbaliq (Beijing).\" The Metropolitan Museum of Art writes that the Mongol rulers of the Yuan dynasty \"adopted Chinese political and cultural models; ruling from their capitals in Dadu, they assumed the role of Chinese emperors,\" although Tibetologist Thomas Laird dismissed the Yuan dynasty as a non-Chinese polity and plays down its Chinese characteristics. The Metropolitan Museum of Art also noted that in spite of the gradual assimilation of Yuan monarchs, the Mongol rulers largely ignored the literati and imposed harsh policies discriminating against southern Chinese. In his Kublai Khan: His Life and Times, Rossabi explains that Kublai \"created government institutions that either resembled or were the same as the traditional Chinese ones\", and he \"wished to signal to the Chinese that he intended to adopt the trappings and style of a Chinese ruler\"."}], ["Dreyfus menulis bahawa selepas Phagmodrupa kehilangan kuasa memusatkannya ke Tibet pada tahun 1434, beberapa percubaan oleh keluarga lain untuk menubuhkan hegemoni gagal selama dua abad yang akan datang hingga 1642 dengan hegemoni efektif Tibet ke-5 ke atas Tibet. <> Siapa yang kehilangan kuasa mereka ke atas Tibet? || Phagmodrupa <> Tahun berapakah Phagmodrupa kehilangan kuasa mereka terhadap Tibet? || 1434 <> Tahun apakah Dalai Lama ke-5 mula menguasai Tibet? || 1642 <> Apakah kegagalan keluarga lain? || hegemoni", {"qas": [{"question": "Who lost their power over Tibet?", "id": "56cd606a62d2951400fa6556", "answers": [{"text": "the Phagmodrupa", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the Phagmodrupa lose their power over Tibet?", "id": "56cd606a62d2951400fa6557", "answers": [{"text": "1434", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the 5th Dalai lama start to dominate over Tibet?", "id": "56cd606a62d2951400fa6558", "answers": [{"text": "1642", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the other families fail to establish?", "id": "56cd606a62d2951400fa6559", "answers": [{"text": "hegemonies", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Dreyfus writes that after the Phagmodrupa lost its centralizing power over Tibet in 1434, several attempts by other families to establish hegemonies failed over the next two centuries until 1642 with the 5th Dalai Lama's effective hegemony over Tibet."}], ["Hans Bielenstein menulis bahawa sejak dinasti Han (202 BCE-220 CE), kerajaan Han China \"mengekalkan fiksyen\" bahawa pegawai-pegawai asing yang mentadbir pelbagai \"Negara Tergantung\" dan oasis negara-negara di Wilayah Barat (terdiri dari Basin Tarim dan oasis Turpan) adalah wakil Han benar kerana pemerintahan China menganjurkan anjing laut China dan meterai meterai kepada mereka. <> Apa kawasan barat terdiri daripada? || Basin Tarim dan oasis Turpan <> Siapa yang percaya bahawa mereka adalah wakil Han Barat sejati? || pegawai asing", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the western regions composed of?", "id": "56cd556f62d2951400fa651c", "answers": [{"text": "the Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who believed that they were the true Han Western representatives? ", "id": "56cd556f62d2951400fa651d", "answers": [{"text": "foreign officials", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hans Bielenstein writes that as far back as the Han dynasty (202 BCE\u2013220 CE), the Han Chinese government \"maintained the fiction\" that the foreign officials administering the various \"Dependent States\" and oasis city-states of the Western Regions (composed of the Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan) were true Han representatives due to the Han government's conferral of Chinese seals and seal cords to them."}], ["Menurut Ahli Tibet John Powers, sumber-sumber Tibet menentang naratif ini tajuk-tajuk yang diberikan oleh orang Cina ke Tibet dengan pelbagai tajuk yang diberikan oleh Tibet kepada kaisar Cina dan pejabat mereka. Misi penghormatan dari biara-biara Tibet ke mahkamah China membawa bukan sahaja gelaran tetapi hadiah-hadiah besar yang dapat dijual secara komersial. Maharaja Ming menghantar undangan untuk memutuskan lamas, tetapi orang-orang lamas menghantar orang bawahan daripada datang sendiri, dan tidak ada penguasa Tibet yang secara eksplisit telah menerima peranan menjadi sahabat Ming. <> Apakah nama Ahli Tibet itu? || John Powers <> Siapa yang maharaja Ming menghantar undangan? || Putuskan lamas <> Ketika lamas menerima undangan dari kaisar, siapa yang mereka hantar? || orang bawahan", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the Tibetologist?", "id": "56cd4a5162d2951400fa6516", "answers": [{"text": "John Powers", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the Ming emperors send invitations to?", "id": "56cd4a5162d2951400fa6517", "answers": [{"text": "ruling lamas", "answer_start": 416}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When the lamas received an invite from the emperors, who did they send instead? ", "id": "56cd4a5162d2951400fa6518", "answers": [{"text": "subordinates", "answer_start": 449}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to Tibetologist John Powers, Tibetan sources counter this narrative of titles granted by the Chinese to Tibetans with various titles which the Tibetans gave to the Chinese emperors and their officials. Tribute missions from Tibetan monasteries to the Chinese court brought back not only titles, but large, commercially valuable gifts which could subsequently be sold. The Ming emperors sent invitations to ruling lamas, but the lamas sent subordinates rather than coming themselves, and no Tibetan ruler ever explicitly accepted the role of being a vassal of the Ming."}], ["Dinasti Ming memberikan gelar kepada sekolah-sekolah seperti Karmapa Kargyu, tetapi yang sebelumnya telah menolak undangan Mongol untuk menerima gelar. Apabila Maharaja Ming Yongle menjemput Je Tsongkhapa (1357-1419), pengasas sekolah Gelug, datang ke mahkamah Ming dan memberi penghormatan, yang terakhir merosot. Wang dan Nyima menulis bahawa ini disebabkan oleh usia tua dan kelemahan fizikal, dan juga kerana usaha dibuat untuk membina tiga biara utama. Chen Qingying menyatakan bahawa Tsongkhapa menulis surat untuk menolak jemputan Kaisar, dan dalam jawapan ini, Tsongkhapa menulis: <> Dinasti Ming telah memberikan gelaran kepada sekolah-sekolah lama? || Karmapa Kargyu <> Siapa yang Dinasti Ming menolak tajuk selepas menerima undangan? || Mongol <> Siapakah pengasas sekolah Gelug? || Je Tsongkhapa <> Yang mengundang Je Tsongkhapa untuk datang memberi penghormatan? || Maharaja Ming Yongle <> Siapa yang menulis surat itu merosot jemputan Maharaja? || Tsongkhapa", {"qas": [{"question": "The Ming Dynasty granted what titles to lamas of schools?", "id": "56cd62e262d2951400fa655e", "answers": [{"text": "the Karmapa Kargyu", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the Ming Dynasty decline titles from after receiving invitations?", "id": "56cd62e262d2951400fa655f", "answers": [{"text": "Mongol", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the founder of the Gelug school?", "id": "56cd62e262d2951400fa6560", "answers": [{"text": "Je Tsongkhapa", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who invited Je Tsongkhapa to come pay tribute?", "id": "56cd62e262d2951400fa6561", "answers": [{"text": "the Ming Yongle Emperor", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the letter declining the Emperor's invitation?", "id": "56cd62e262d2951400fa6562", "answers": [{"text": "Tsongkhapa", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Ming dynasty granted titles to lamas of schools such as the Karmapa Kargyu, but the latter had previously declined Mongol invitations to receive titles. When the Ming Yongle Emperor invited Je Tsongkhapa (1357\u20131419), founder of the Gelug school, to come to the Ming court and pay tribute, the latter declined. Wang and Nyima write that this was due to old age and physical weakness, and also because of efforts being made to build three major monasteries. Chen Qingying states that Tsongkhapa wrote a letter to decline the Emperor's invitation, and in this reply, Tsongkhapa wrote:"}], ["Menurut Chen, perwira Ming Hezhou (Linxia hari moden) memberitahu Maharaja Hongwu bahawa keadaan umum di Dbus dan Gtsang \"dikendalikan\", dan dia mencadangkan kepada maharaja bahawa dia menawarkan penguasa Phagmodru yang kedua, Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen , gelaran rasmi. Menurut Rekod Maharaja Pengasas, Maharaja Hongwu mengeluarkan suatu edaran yang memberikan gelaran \"Inisiasi Negeri Master\" kepada Sagya Gyaincain, sementara yang terakhir menghantar utusan ke mahkamah Ming untuk menyerahkan meterai jednya dengan kuasa bersama dengan penghormatan sutera berwarna dan satin, patung Buddha, kitab suci Buddha, dan sarira. <> Siapa yang Maharaja Hongwu memberikan gelaran Permulaan Negeri Master kepada? || Sagya Gyaincain <> Siapa yang mencadangkan kepada maharaja bahawa gelaran rasmi diberikan kepada penguasa Phagmodru yang kedua? || Pegawai Ming Hezhou <> Siapa penguasa Phagmodru yang kedua? || Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen <> Siapa yang memberitahu maharaja bahawa keadaan di Dbus dan Gtsang terkendali? || Pegawai Ming Hezhou <> Dimana utusan dihantar? || ke mahkamah Ming", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did the Hongwu Emperor grant the title Initiation State Master to?", "id": "56cd5f5b62d2951400fa654c", "answers": [{"text": "Sagya Gyaincain", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who suggested to the emperor that an official title be granted to second Phagmodru ruler?", "id": "56cd5f5b62d2951400fa654d", "answers": [{"text": "the Ming officer of Hezhou", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the second Phagmodru ruler?", "id": "56cd5f5b62d2951400fa654e", "answers": [{"text": "Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who told the emperor that the situation in Dbus and Gtsang were under control?", "id": "56cd5f5b62d2951400fa654f", "answers": [{"text": "the Ming officer of Hezhou", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the envoys sent?", "id": "56cd5f5b62d2951400fa6550", "answers": [{"text": "to the Ming court", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to Chen, the Ming officer of Hezhou (modern day Linxia) informed the Hongwu Emperor that the general situation in Dbus and Gtsang \"was under control,\" and so he suggested to the emperor that he offer the second Phagmodru ruler, Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen, an official title. According to the Records of the Founding Emperor, the Hongwu Emperor issued an edict granting the title \"Initiation State Master\" to Sagya Gyaincain, while the latter sent envoys to the Ming court to hand over his jade seal of authority along with tribute of colored silk and satin, statues of the Buddha, Buddhist scriptures, and sarira."}], ["Jawatan rasmi Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Rakyat China adalah bahwa Ming melaksanakan kebijakan mengurus Tibet sesuai dengan konvensi dan adat istiadat, memberikan gelar dan menetapkan organ-organ administratif di Tibet. Pejabat Penerangan Majlis Negeri Republik Rakyat menyatakan bahawa Pejabat Penguasa \u00dc-Tsang Dinasti Ming mengawal kebanyakan kawasan Tibet. Ia juga menyatakan bahawa sementara Ming menghapuskan majlis dasar yang ditubuhkan oleh Mongol Yuan untuk menguruskan hal-ehwal tempatan di Tibet dan sistem Mongol Tentera Imperial untuk mentadbir urusan agama, Ming mengadopsi dasar untuk memberi hak kepada pemimpin agama yang telah menyerah Dinasti Ming. Contohnya, Maharaja Hongwu pada 1373 melantik pemimpin Tibet Choskunskyabs sebagai Ketua Pejabat Militer dan Pejabat Wanhu Sipil Ngari, yang menyatakan: <> Siapa yang menghapuskan majlis dasar? || Ming <> Apakah pemimpin Tibet Choskunskyabs dilantik sebagai? || Ketua Wartawan Ngari dan Wanhu Pejabat Sivil <> Yang mengawal kebanyakan kawasan Tibet? || Pejabat Pemerintah \u00dc-Tsang, Dinasti Ming", {"qas": [{"question": "Who abolished the policy council?", "id": "56ccf96562d2951400fa6506", "answers": [{"text": "the Ming", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Tibetan leader  Choskunskyabs  appointed as? ", "id": "56ccf96562d2951400fa6507", "answers": [{"text": "the General of the Ngari Military and Civil Wanhu Office", "answer_start": 798}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who governed most areas of Tibet?", "id": "56ccf96562d2951400fa6509", "answers": [{"text": "Ming dynasty's \u00dc-Tsang Commanding Office", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The official position of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China is that the Ming implemented a policy of managing Tibet according to conventions and customs, granting titles and setting up administrative organs over Tibet. The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic states that the Ming dynasty's \u00dc-Tsang Commanding Office governed most areas of Tibet. It also states that while the Ming abolished the policy council set up by the Mongol Yuan to manage local affairs in Tibet and the Mongol system of Imperial Tutors to govern religious affairs, the Ming adopted a policy of bestowing titles upon religious leaders who had submitted to the Ming dynasty. For example, an edict of the Hongwu Emperor in 1373 appointed the Tibetan leader Choskunskyabs as the General of the Ngari Military and Civil Wanhu Office, stating:"}], ["Wang dan Nyima menyatakan bahawa selepas gelaran rasmi \"Menteri Pendidikan\" diberikan kepada Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302-1364) oleh Mahkamah Yuan, tajuk ini sering muncul dengan namanya dalam pelbagai teks Tibet, sementara gelaran Tibetnya \"Degsi\" betul sde-srid atau desi) jarang disebut. Wang dan Nyima mengambil ini bermakna bahawa \"walaupun dalam tempoh kemudian dinasti Yuan, mahkamah kekaisaran Yuan dan Dinasti Phagmodrupa mengekalkan hubungan kerajaan pusat-tempatan.\" Tai Situpa juga sepatutnya telah menulis dalam wasiatnya: \"Pada masa lalu saya menerima penjagaan kasih sayang dari maharaja di timur. Jika maharaja terus menjaga kita, sila ikuti perintahnya dan utusan imperialis harus diterima dengan baik. \" <> Gelaran apa yang diberikan oleh pengadilan Yuan kepada Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen? || Menteri Pelajaran <> Apa tajuk Tibet yang tidak pernah disebut ketika merujuk kepada Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen? || Degsi <> Apa dinasti yang menjaga hubungan kerajaan pusat dengan kerajaan Yuan? || Dinasti Phagmodrupa <> Apa dua orang mendakwa gelaran Menteri Pendidikan sering dilihat di sebelah nama Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen dalam teks-teks Tibet? || Wang dan Nyima <> Siapa yang menulis dalam kehendak mereka bahawa mereka menerima penjagaan kasih sayang dari kaisar di timur? || The Situpa Tai", {"qas": [{"question": "What title was given by the Yuan court to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen ?", "id": "56cd58c362d2951400fa6520", "answers": [{"text": "Education Minister", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Tibetan title was hardly ever mentioned when referring to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen?", "id": "56cd58c362d2951400fa6521", "answers": [{"text": "Degsi", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What dynasty kept a Central-local government relation with the Yuan imperial court?", "id": "56cd58c362d2951400fa6522", "answers": [{"text": "Phagmodrupa Dynasty", "answer_start": 419}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two people claim the title of Education Minister was often seen next to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen's name in Tibetan texts?", "id": "56cd58c362d2951400fa6523", "answers": [{"text": "Wang and Nyima", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote in their will that they received loving care from the emperor in the east?", "id": "56cd58c362d2951400fa6524", "answers": [{"text": "The Tai Situpa", "answer_start": 488}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Wang and Nyima state that after the official title \"Education Minister\" was granted to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302\u20131364) by the Yuan court, this title appeared frequently with his name in various Tibetan texts, while his Tibetan title \"Degsi\" (sic properly sde-srid or desi) is seldom mentioned. Wang and Nyima take this to mean that \"even in the later period of the Yuan dynasty, the Yuan imperial court and the Phagmodrupa Dynasty maintained a Central-local government relation.\" The Tai Situpa is even supposed to have written in his will: \"In the past I received loving care from the emperor in the east. If the emperor continues to care for us, please follow his edicts and the imperial envoy should be well received.\""}], ["Chen Qingying, Profesor Sejarah dan Pengarah Institut Pengajian Sejarah di bawah Pusat Penyelidikan Tibetologi China di Beijing, menulis bahawa pengadilan Ming memberikan jawatan rasmi baru kepada bekas pemimpin Tibet Yuan dari Phachu Kargyu dan memberi mereka kedudukan yang lebih rendah. Dari pemimpin (zong atau dzong) Neiwo Zong dan Renbam Zong, Chen menyatakan bahawa apabila \"Maharaja mengetahui keadaan sebenar Phachu Kargyu, pengadilan Ming kemudian melantik para pemimpin utama Zong untuk menjadi pegawai kanan Komando Kanan Dbus dan Gtsang. \" Jawatan rasmi yang dibentuk oleh mahkamah Ming di Tibet, seperti komander senior dan junior, pejabat Qianhu (yang bertanggungjawab kepada 1,000 isi rumah), dan pejabat Wanhu (yang bertanggungjawab atas 10,000 rumah tangga), semuanya adalah kedudukan keturunan menurut Chen, tetapi beliau menegaskan bahawa \"penggantian beberapa jawatan penting masih harus diluluskan oleh maharaja,\" sementara mandat imperialis lama harus dikembalikan ke mahkamah Ming untuk pembaharuan. <> Di mana Pusat Penyelidikan Tibetologi China terletak? || Beijing <> Siapa Pengarah Institut Pengajian Sejarah? || Chen Qingying <> Berapa banyak isi rumah adalah pejabat Qianhu yang bertanggungjawab? || 1,000 isi rumah <> Berapa banyak isi rumah adalah pejabat Wanhu yang bertanggungjawab? || 10,000 isi rumah", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the China Tibetology Research Center located?", "id": "56cd480b62d2951400fa650e", "answers": [{"text": "Beijing", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Director of the History Studies Institute?", "id": "56cd480b62d2951400fa650f", "answers": [{"text": "Chen Qingying", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many households were the offices of Qianhu in charge of?", "id": "56cd480b62d2951400fa6510", "answers": [{"text": "1,000 households", "answer_start": 690}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many households were the offices of Wanhu in charge of?", "id": "56cd480b62d2951400fa6511", "answers": [{"text": "10,000 households", "answer_start": 744}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chen Qingying, Professor of History and Director of the History Studies Institute under the China Tibetology Research Center in Beijing, writes that the Ming court conferred new official positions on ex-Yuan Tibetan leaders of the Phachu Kargyu and granted them lower-ranking positions. Of the county (zong or dzong) leaders of Neiwo Zong and Renbam Zong, Chen states that when \"the Emperor learned the actual situation of the Phachu Kargyu, the Ming court then appointed the main Zong leaders to be senior officers of the Senior Command of Dbus and Gtsang.\" The official posts that the Ming court established in Tibet, such as senior and junior commanders, offices of Qianhu (in charge of 1,000 households), and offices of Wanhu (in charge of 10,000 households), were all hereditary positions according to Chen, but he asserts that \"the succession of some important posts still had to be approved by the emperor,\" while old imperial mandates had to be returned to the Ming court for renewal."}], ["Walau bagaimanapun, Lok-Ham Chan, seorang profesor sejarah di Universiti Washington, menulis bahawa tujuan Changchub Gyaltsen adalah untuk mencipta Kerajaan Tibet yang lama yang wujud semasa dinasti Tang China, untuk membina \"sentimen nasionalis\" di kalangan orang Tibet, dan untuk \"membuang semua jejak kekuasaan Mongol. \" Georges Dreyfus, seorang profesor agama di Williams College, menulis bahawa ia adalah Changchub Gyaltsen yang mengadopsi sistem pentadbiran lama Songts\u00e4n Gampo (c. 605-649) - pemimpin pertama Empayar Tibet untuk menubuhkan Tibet sebagai kuasa yang kuat mengembalikan kod perundangan dan unit pentadbirannya. Sebagai contoh, bukannya 13 gabenor yang ditubuhkan oleh penguasa Mongol Sakya, Changchub Gyaltsen membahagi Tibet Tengah menjadi daerah (dzong) dengan ketua daerah (dzong dpon) yang harus sesuai dengan ritual lama dan memakai gaya pakaian lama Tibet Imperial. Van Praag menegaskan bahawa cita-cita Changchub Gyaltsen adalah \"memulihkan ke Tibet kemuliaan Zaman Imperial\" dengan mengembalikan semula sekular pentadbiran, mempromosikan \"kebudayaan dan tradisi kebangsaan,\" dan memasang kod undang-undang yang terselamat pada abad ke-20. <> Yang membahagi Tibet Tengah ke daerah? || Changchub Gyaltsen <> Siapa yang sangat percaya Changchub Gyaltsen mahu memulihkan kemuliaan zaman Imperialnya ke Tibet? || Van Praag <> Apa universiti itu seorang profesor di Lok-Ham Chan? || Universiti Washington <> Apa yang Lok-Ham Chan mendakwa Changchub Gyaltsen mahu mengeluarkan? || semua jejak kekuasaan Mongol", {"qas": [{"question": "Who divided Central Tibet into districts? ", "id": "56cd5ccc62d2951400fa6532", "answers": [{"text": "Changchub Gyaltsen", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who strongly believed Changchub Gyaltsen wanted to restore the glories of its Imperial age to Tibet?", "id": "56cd5ccc62d2951400fa6533", "answers": [{"text": "Van Praag", "answer_start": 889}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What university was Lok-Ham Chan a professor at?", "id": "56cd5ccc62d2951400fa6535", "answers": [{"text": "the University of Washington", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Lok-Ham Chan claim  Changchub Gyaltsen wanted to remove?", "id": "56cd5ccc62d2951400fa6536", "answers": [{"text": "all traces of Mongol suzerainty", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "However, Lok-Ham Chan, a professor of history at the University of Washington, writes that Changchub Gyaltsen's aims were to recreate the old Tibetan Kingdom that existed during the Chinese Tang dynasty, to build \"nationalist sentiment\" amongst Tibetans, and to \"remove all traces of Mongol suzerainty.\" Georges Dreyfus, a professor of religion at Williams College, writes that it was Changchub Gyaltsen who adopted the old administrative system of Songts\u00e4n Gampo (c. 605\u2013649)\u2014the first leader of the Tibetan Empire to establish Tibet as a strong power\u2014by reinstating its legal code of punishments and administrative units. For example, instead of the 13 governorships established by the Mongol Sakya viceroy, Changchub Gyaltsen divided Central Tibet into districts (dzong) with district heads (dzong dpon) who had to conform to old rituals and wear clothing styles of old Imperial Tibet. Van Praag asserts that Changchub Gyaltsen's ambitions were to \"restore to Tibet the glories of its Imperial Age\" by reinstating secular administration, promoting \"national culture and traditions,\" and installing a law code that survived into the 20th century."}], ["Walau bagaimanapun, hierarki kasta etnik-geografi yang memihak kepada Mongol dan etnik lain diberikan status yang lebih tinggi daripada majoriti Cina Han. Walaupun Han Chinese yang direkrut sebagai penasihat sering kali lebih berpengaruh daripada pegawai tinggi, statusnya tidak begitu jelas. Kublai juga menghapuskan pemeriksaan imperialis warisan perkhidmatan awam China, yang tidak dikembalikan sehingga pemerintahan Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan (1311-1320). Rossabi menulis bahawa Kublai mengakui bahawa untuk memerintah China, \"dia terpaksa mengambil penasihat dan pegawai China, namun dia tidak boleh bergantung sepenuhnya kepada penasihat Cina kerana dia harus mengekalkan aksi penyeimbangan yang halus antara memerintah tamadun sedentari China dan memelihara identiti budaya dan nilai-nilai Mongol. \" Dan \"dalam mentadbir China, beliau prihatin terhadap kepentingan subjek Cinanya, tetapi juga dengan mengeksploitasi sumber-sumber empayar untuk kemasyhurannya sendiri. Motivasi dan tujuannya bergantian dari satu ke yang lain sepanjang pemerintahannya,\" menurut Rossabi. Van Praag menulis dalam Status Tibet bahawa Tibet dan Mongol, sebaliknya, mempertahankan sistem pemerintahan dwi dan hubungan saling bergantung yang mengesahkan penggantian klan Mongol sebagai penguasa Buddha sejagat, atau chakravartin. Van Praag menulis bahawa \"Tibet kekal sebagai bahagian yang unik dari Empayar dan tidak pernah terintegrasi sepenuhnya,\" memetik contoh-contoh seperti pasaran sempadan berlesen yang wujud antara China dan Tibet semasa Yuan. <> Bilakah Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan memerintah? || 1311-1320 <> Semasa Yuan apa yang wujud antara China dan Tibet? || pasaran sempadan berlesen <> Siapa yang diberi status lebih tinggi daripada majoriti Cina Han? || kaum Mongol dan etnik lain", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan reign?", "id": "56ccf53362d2951400fa64fd", "answers": [{"text": "1311\u20131320", "answer_start": 447}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the Yuan what existed between China and Tibet? ", "id": "56ccf53362d2951400fa64ff", "answers": [{"text": "a licensed border market", "answer_start": 1450}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was granted higher status than the Han Chinese majority?", "id": "56ccf53362d2951400fa6500", "answers": [{"text": "the Mongols and other ethnicities", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nevertheless, the ethno-geographic caste hierarchy favoring the Mongols and other ethnicities were accorded higher status than the Han Chinese majority. Although Han Chinese who were recruited as advisers were often actually more influential than high officials, their status was not as well defined. Kublai also abolished the imperial examinations of China's civil service legacy, which was not reinstated until Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan's reign (1311\u20131320). Rossabi writes that Kublai recognized that in order to rule China, \"he had to employ Chinese advisors and officials, yet he could not rely totally on Chinese advisers because he had to maintain a delicate balancing act between ruling the sedentary civilization of China and preserving the cultural identity and values of the Mongols.\" And \"in governing China, he was concerned with the interests of his Chinese subjects, but also with exploiting the resources of the empire for his own aggrandizement. His motivations and objectives alternated from one to the other throughout his reign,\" according to Rossabi. Van Praag writes in The Status of Tibet that the Tibetans and Mongols, on the other hand, upheld a dual system of rule and an interdependent relationship that legitimated the succession of Mongol khans as universal Buddhist rulers, or chakravartin. Van Praag writes that \"Tibet remained a unique part of the Empire and was never fully integrated into it,\" citing examples such as a licensed border market that existed between China and Tibet during the Yuan."}], ["Walaupun Gelug bertukar hadiah dan menghantar misi ke mahkamah Ming hingga tahun 1430-an, Gelug tidak disebutkan dalam Mingshi atau Mingshi Lu. Mengenai sejarah ini, ahli sejarah Li Tieh-tseng mengatakan tentang keengganan Tsongkhapa mengenai jemputan Ming untuk melawat mahkamah Maharaja Yongle: <> Siapa yang membuat hadiah pertukaran Gelug dengan? || pengadilan Ming <> Sehingga apa tahun rangka hadiah Gelug pertukaran dengan Ming? || 1430s <> Apa Gelug tidak disebutkan? || Mingshi atau Mingshi Lu", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did the Gelug exchange gifts with?", "id": "56cd6b0562d2951400fa65a6", "answers": [{"text": "the Ming court", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Until what year frame did the Gelug exchange gifts with the the Ming?", "id": "56cd6b0562d2951400fa65a7", "answers": [{"text": "1430s", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Gelug not mentioned in?", "id": "56cd6b0562d2951400fa65a8", "answers": [{"text": "the Mingshi or the Mingshi Lu", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Even though the Gelug exchanged gifts with and sent missions to the Ming court up until the 1430s, the Gelug was not mentioned in the Mingshi or the Mingshi Lu. On this, historian Li Tieh-tseng says of Tsongkhapa's refusal of Ming invitations to visit the Yongle Emperor's court:"}], ["Dawa Norbu berhujah bahawa sejarawan Komunis China moden cenderung memihak kepada pandangan bahawa Ming hanya menunjuk semula pegawai Dinasti Yuan lama di Tibet dan mengekalkan pemerintahan Tibet dengan cara ini. Norbu menulis bahawa, walaupun ini adalah benar untuk wilayah Tibet timur Amdo dan hubungan perdagangan \"tribute-cum-trade\" dengan Ming, tidak benar jika diterapkan ke wilayah Tibet barat \u00dc-Tsang dan Ngari. Selepas Phagmodrupa Changchub Gyaltsen, ini diperintah oleh \"tiga rejim nasionalis berturut-turut,\" yang ditulis Norbu \"Ahli sejarah Komunis lebih suka mengabaikannya.\" <> Siapa yang percaya Ming mengucapkan kembali pejabat lama Dinasti Yuan di Tibet? || Dawa Norbu", {"qas": [{"question": "Who believed the Ming reappointed old Yuan dynasty officials in Tibet?", "id": "56cd669562d2951400fa6572", "answers": [{"text": "Dawa Norbu", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Dawa Norbu argues that modern Chinese Communist historians tend to be in favor of the view that the Ming simply reappointed old Yuan dynasty officials in Tibet and perpetuated their rule of Tibet in this manner. Norbu writes that, although this would have been true for the eastern Tibetan regions of Amdo and Kham's \"tribute-cum-trade\" relations with the Ming, it was untrue if applied to the western Tibetan regions of \u00dc-Tsang and Ngari. After the Phagmodrupa Changchub Gyaltsen, these were ruled by \"three successive nationalistic regimes,\" which Norbu writes \"Communist historians prefer to ignore.\""}], ["Untuk mencari Karmapa, Kaisar Yongle menghantar eunuchnya Hou Xian dan sami Buddha Zhi Guang (1435) ke Tibet. Perjalanan ke Lhasa sama ada melalui Qinghai atau melalui Jalan Silk ke Khotan, Hou Xian dan Zhi Guang tidak kembali ke Nanjing sehingga 1407. <> Siapa yang pergi ke Maharaja Yongle ke Tibet? || Hou Xian dan sami Buddha Zhi Guang <> Mengapa Maharaja Yongle menghantar Hou Xian dan Zhi Guang ke Tibet? || untuk mencari Karmapa <> Bilakah Hou Xian dan Zhi Guang kembali ke Nanjing? || 1407 <> Di manakah Hou Xian dan Zhi Guang bergerak dalam perjalanan ke Karmapa? || melalui Qinghai atau melalui Jalan Silk ke Khotan", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did the Yongle Emperor send to Tibet?", "id": "56cd73b562d2951400fa65cc", "answers": [{"text": "Hou Xian and the Buddhist monk Zhi Guang", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did the Yongle Emperor send Hou Xian and Zhi Guang to Tibet?", "id": "56cd73b562d2951400fa65cd", "answers": [{"text": "to seek out the Karmapa", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang return to Nanjing?", "id": "56cd73b562d2951400fa65ce", "answers": [{"text": "1407", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang travel through on their way to the Karmapa?", "id": "56cd73b562d2951400fa65cf", "answers": [{"text": "through Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In order to seek out the Karmapa, the Yongle Emperor dispatched his eunuch Hou Xian and the Buddhist monk Zhi Guang (d. 1435) to Tibet. Traveling to Lhasa either through Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan, Hou Xian and Zhi Guang did not return to Nanjing until 1407."}], ["Laird menulis bahawa tajuk Ming yang dilantik ke putera-putera Tibet timur, dan bahawa \"pakatan ini dengan penganut agama Tibet Timur adalah bukti China kini menghasilkan dakwaan bahawa Ming memerintah Tibet,\" walaupun pada hakikatnya Ming tidak menghantar tentera untuk menggantikan orang Mongol selepas mereka meninggalkan Tibet. Yiu Yung-chin menyatakan bahawa keluasan barat wilayah Dinasti Ming adalah Gansu, Sichuan, dan Yunnan manakala \"Ming tidak memiliki Tibet.\" <> Siapa yang membuat Ming melantik tajuk? || <p> Apa yang tidak dihantar oleh Ming untuk menggantikan orang Mongol ketika mereka meninggalkan Tibet? || tentera <> Apa yang Yiu Yung-chin mendakwa Ming tidak memiliki? || Tibet", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did the Ming appoint titles to?", "id": "56cd682162d2951400fa658c", "answers": [{"text": "eastern Tibetan princes", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What didn't the Ming send to replace the Mongols when they left Tibet?", "id": "56cd682162d2951400fa658d", "answers": [{"text": "an army", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Yiu Yung-chin claim the Ming did not possess?", "id": "56cd682162d2951400fa658e", "answers": [{"text": "Tibet", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Laird writes that the Ming appointed titles to eastern Tibetan princes, and that \"these alliances with eastern Tibetan principalities are the evidence China now produces for its assertion that the Ming ruled Tibet,\" despite the fact that the Ming did not send an army to replace the Mongols after they left Tibet. Yiu Yung-chin states that the furthest western extent of the Ming dynasty's territory was Gansu, Sichuan, and Yunnan while \"the Ming did not possess Tibet.\""}], ["Wylie menegaskan bahawa jenis penapisan Sejarah Ming mengganggu gambaran sejati sejarah hubungan Sino-Tibet, manakala mahkamah Ming memberikan gelaran kepada pelbagai lamas tanpa menghiraukan sekutu mereka dalam perang saudara yang berterusan di Tibet antara puak-puak Buddha yang bersaing . Wylie berhujah bahawa tajuk Ming \"Raja\" diberikan sewenang-wenangnya kepada pelbagai lamas Tibet atau bahkan murid-murid mereka tidak boleh dilihat sebagai pengangkatan semula kepada pejabat Dinasti Yuan yang terdahulu, kerana rezim Sakya yang ditubuhkan oleh orang Mongol di Tibet digulingkan oleh kakak Phagmodru sebelum Ming wujud. <> Tanpa menghiraukan gabungan sektarian mereka, siapa yang membuat tajuk geran Ming? || pelbagai lamas <> Siapakah rezim Sakya yang digulingkan? || keturunan Phagmodru", {"qas": [{"question": "Regardless of their sectarian affiliations, who did the Ming grant titles to?", "id": "56cd6e9062d2951400fa65ac", "answers": [{"text": "various lamas", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the viceregal Sakya regime overthrown by?", "id": "56cd6e9062d2951400fa65ad", "answers": [{"text": "the Phagmodru myriarchy", "answer_start": 573}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Wylie asserts that this type of censorship of the History of Ming distorts the true picture of the history of Sino-Tibetan relations, while the Ming court granted titles to various lamas regardless of their sectarian affiliations in an ongoing civil war in Tibet between competing Buddhist factions. Wylie argues that Ming titles of \"King\" granted indiscriminately to various Tibetan lamas or even their disciples should not be viewed as reappointments to earlier Yuan dynasty offices, since the viceregal Sakya regime established by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown by the Phagmodru myriarchy before the Ming existed."}], ["Maharaja Yongle diberkas oleh Maharaja Jianwen (1398-1402), Maharaja Yongle dibantu oleh bhiksu Buddha Yao Guangxiao, dan seperti bapanya, Maharaja Hongwu, Maharaja Yongle telah \"dibuang ke Buddhisme\" , mendakwa Rossabi. Pada 10 Mac 1403, Maharaja Yongle menjemput Deshin Shekpa, Karmapa Lama ke-5 (1384-1415), ke mahkamahnya, walaupun Karmapa yang keempat telah menolak jemputan Maharaja Hongwu. Terjemahan Tibet pada abad ke-16 mengekalkan surat Maharaja Yongle, yang nota Persatuan Pengajian Asia sopan dan percuma ke arah Karmapa. Surat jemputan berbunyi, <> Tahun berapakah pemerintahan Kaisar Jianwen bermula dan berakhir? || 1398-1402 <> Yang membantu Kaisar Yongle? || biarawan Buddha Yao Guangxiao <> Siapa bapa Yongle Emperor? || Kaisar Hongwu <> Bilakah Maharaja Yongle mengundang Deshin Shekpa ke mahkamahnya? || 10 Mac, 1403", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did the Jianwen Emperor reign start and end?", "id": "56cd727662d2951400fa65ba", "answers": [{"text": "1398\u20131402", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who aided the Yongle Emperor?", "id": "56cd727662d2951400fa65bb", "answers": [{"text": "the Buddhist monk Yao Guangxiao", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Yongle Emperor's father?", "id": "56cd727662d2951400fa65bc", "answers": [{"text": "the Hongwu Emperor", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Yongle Emperor invite Deshin Shekpa to his court?", "id": "56cd727662d2951400fa65bd", "answers": [{"text": "March 10, 1403", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In his usurpation of the throne from the Jianwen Emperor (r. 1398\u20131402), the Yongle Emperor was aided by the Buddhist monk Yao Guangxiao, and like his father, the Hongwu Emperor, the Yongle Emperor was \"well-disposed towards Buddhism\", claims Rossabi. On March 10, 1403, the Yongle Emperor invited Deshin Shekpa, 5th Karmapa Lama (1384\u20131415), to his court, even though the fourth Karmapa had rejected the invitation of the Hongwu Emperor. A Tibetan translation in the 16th century preserves the letter of the Yongle Emperor, which the Association for Asian Studies notes is polite and complimentary towards the Karmapa. The letter of invitation reads,"}], ["Shih-Shan Henry Tsai menulis bahawa Maharaja Yongle menghantar kesemuanya Yang Sanbao ke Tibet pada tahun 1413 untuk mendapatkan kesetiaan dari pelbagai penganut Tibet, manakala Yongle Kaisar membayar kekayaan kecil sebagai hadiah kembali untuk penghormatan untuk mengekalkan kesetiaan jiran jiran negara seperti Nepal dan Tibet. Walau bagaimanapun, Van Praag menyatakan bahawa raja-raja Tibet menegakkan hubungan mereka sendiri dengan kerajaan Nepal dan Kashmir, dan kadang-kadang \"terlibat dalam konfrontasi bersenjata dengan mereka.\" <> Apakah nama kasim itu? || Yang Sanbao <> Dimana Maharaja Yongle menghantar Yang Sanbao? || Tibet <> Bilakah Yongle Maharaja menghantar Yang Sanbao ke Tibet? || 1413 <> Mengapa Maharaja Yongle menghantar Yang Sanbao ke Tibet? || kesetiaan pelbagai putera Tibet <> Mengapa kaisar membayar kekayaan kecil dalam hadiah? || untuk mengekalkan kesetiaan negara-negara jiran jiran", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the  eunuch?", "id": "56cd6a3d62d2951400fa659c", "answers": [{"text": "Yang Sanbao", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Yongle Emperor send Yang Sanbao?", "id": "56cd6a3d62d2951400fa659d", "answers": [{"text": "Tibet", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Yongle Emperor send Yang Sanbao into Tibet?", "id": "56cd6a3d62d2951400fa659e", "answers": [{"text": "1413", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did Yongle Emperor send Yang Sanbao into Tibet?", "id": "56cd6a3d62d2951400fa659f", "answers": [{"text": "the allegiance of various Tibetan princes", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did the emperor pay a small fortune in gifts?", "id": "56cd6a3d62d2951400fa65a0", "answers": [{"text": "to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Shih-Shan Henry Tsai writes that the Yongle Emperor sent his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet in 1413 to gain the allegiance of various Tibetan princes, while the Yongle Emperor paid a small fortune in return gifts for tributes in order to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states such as Nepal and Tibet. However, Van Praag states that Tibetan rulers upheld their own separate relations with the kingdoms of Nepal and Kashmir, and at times \"engaged in armed confrontation with them.\""}], ["Semasa perjalanannya bermula pada tahun 1403, Deshin Shekpa didorong oleh pengakuan lebih lanjut oleh pengadilan Ming untuk melawat Nanjing pada 10 April 1407. Norbu menulis bahawa Maharaja Yongle, mengikuti tradisi para kaisar Mongol dan penghormatan mereka terhadap lamaran Sakya, menunjukkan jumlah penghormatan yang besar terhadap Deshin Shekpa. Maharaja Yongle keluar dari istana di Nanjing untuk menyambut Karmapa dan tidak mengharuskannya untuk menyembah seperti seorang anak sungai. Menurut Karma Thinley, kaisar memberikan Karmapa tempat kehormatan di kirinya, dan pada takhta yang lebih tinggi daripada dirinya sendiri. Rossabi dan lain-lain menerangkan susunan yang serupa yang dibuat oleh Kublai Khan dan lama Sakya Phagpa, menulis bahawa Kublai akan \"duduk di atas panggung yang lebih rendah daripada ulama Tibet\" ketika menerima petunjuk agama darinya. <> Bilakah perjalanan Deshin Shekpa bermula? || 1403 <> Di mana Maharaja Yongle menyambut Karmapa? || Nanjing <> Siapa yang Maharaja memberikan tempat kehormatan di sebelah kirinya? || yang Karmapa <> Yang duduk di atas platform yang lebih rendah daripada ulama Tibet? || Kublai <> Siapa yang menunjukkan rasa hormat kepada Deshin Shekpa? || Maharaja Yongle", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Deshin Shekpa travels start?", "id": "56cd779762d2951400fa65dc", "answers": [{"text": "1403", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the Karmapa?", "id": "56cd779762d2951400fa65dd", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the Emperor give the place of honor at his left to?", "id": "56cd779762d2951400fa65de", "answers": [{"text": "the Karmapa", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who sat on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric?", "id": "56cd779762d2951400fa65df", "answers": [{"text": "Kublai", "answer_start": 643}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who showed a great amount of respect to Deshin Shekpa?", "id": "56cd779762d2951400fa65e0", "answers": [{"text": "the Yongle Emperor", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him."}], ["Helmut Hoffman menyatakan bahawa Ming mengekalkan fasad pemerintahan ke atas Tibet menerusi misi berkala dari \"perwira penghormatan\" ke mahkamah Ming dan dengan memberikan gelaran nominal untuk memutuskan lamas, tetapi tidak benar-benar mengganggu pemerintahan Tibet. Melvyn C. Goldstein menulis bahawa Ming tidak mempunyai kuasa pentadbiran sebenar ke atas Tibet, kerana pelbagai tajuk yang diberikan kepada pemimpin Tibet tidak memberi kuasa sebagai tajuk Yuan Mongol yang terdahulu. Dia menegaskan bahawa \"dengan memberikan gelar orang Tibet sudah berkuasa, maharaja Ming hanya mengiktiraf realiti politik.\" Hugh Edward Richardson menulis bahawa dinasti Ming tidak mempunyai kuasa atas penggantian keluarga pemerintah Tibet, Phagmodru (1354-1435), Rinpungpa (1435-1565), dan Tsangpa (1565-1642). <> Siapa yang percaya bahawa Ming tidak mempunyai kuasa sebenar terhadap Tibet? || Melvyn C. Goldstein <> Berapa tahunkah rezim Rinpungpa bermula dan berakhir? || 1435-1565 <> Yang percaya bahawa gelaran yang diberikan kepada pemimpin Tibet tidak memberikan kuasa? || Melvyn C. Goldstein <> Berapa tahunkah Tsangpa bermula dan berakhir? || 1565-1642", {"qas": [{"question": "Who believed that the Ming had no real authority over Tibet?", "id": "56cd70e962d2951400fa65b2", "answers": [{"text": "Melvyn C. Goldstein", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What years did the Rinpungpa regime start and end?", "id": "56cd70e962d2951400fa65b3", "answers": [{"text": "1435\u20131565", "answer_start": 729}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who believed that the titles given to Tibetan leaders did not confer authority?", "id": "56cd70e962d2951400fa65b4", "answers": [{"text": "Melvyn C. Goldstein", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What years did the Tsangpa start and end?", "id": "56cd70e962d2951400fa65b5", "answers": [{"text": "1565\u20131642", "answer_start": 754}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Helmut Hoffman states that the Ming upheld the facade of rule over Tibet through periodic missions of \"tribute emissaries\" to the Ming court and by granting nominal titles to ruling lamas, but did not actually interfere in Tibetan governance. Melvyn C. Goldstein writes that the Ming had no real administrative authority over Tibet, as the various titles given to Tibetan leaders did not confer authority as the earlier Mongol Yuan titles had. He asserts that \"by conferring titles on Tibetans already in power, the Ming emperors merely recognized political reality.\" Hugh Edward Richardson writes that the Ming dynasty exercised no authority over the succession of Tibetan ruling families, the Phagmodru (1354\u20131435), Rinpungpa (1435\u20131565), and Tsangpa (1565\u20131642)."}], ["A. Tom Grunfeld mengatakan bahawa Tsongkhapa mendakwa kesihatannya tidak dapat ditandingi di mahkamah Ming, sementara Rossabi menambahkan bahawa Tsongkhapa menyebut \"panjang dan kesukaran perjalanan\" ke China sebagai alasan lain untuk tidak membuat penampilan. Permintaan pertama oleh Ming dibuat pada tahun 1407, tetapi pengadilan Ming menghantar kedutaan lain pada tahun 1413, yang dipimpin oleh kasim Hou Xian (\u5019 \u663e, 1403-1427), yang sekali lagi ditolak oleh Tsongkhapa. Rossabi menulis bahawa Tsongkhapa tidak mahu sepenuhnya mengasingkan mahkamah Ming, jadi dia menghantar muridnya Chosrje Sh\u0101kya Yeshes ke Nanjing pada tahun 1414 bagi pihaknya, dan pada ketibaannya pada tahun 1415 Maharaja Yongle menganugerahkan gelaran \"Guru Negeri\" tajuk yang sama sebelum ini dianugerahkan penguasa Phagmodrupa di Tibet. Maharaja Xuande (r 1425-1435) bahkan memberikan murid ini Chosrje Sh\u0101kya Yeshes gelaran \"Raja\" (\u738b). Tajuk ini tidak nampaknya mempunyai maksud praktikal, atau memberikan pemegangnya apa-apa kuasa, di Ganden Monastery Tsongkhapa. Wylie menyatakan bahawa ini seperti Karma Kargyu-tidak dapat dilihat sebagai pengangkatan semula pejabat Mongol Yuan, sejak sekolah Gelug diciptakan setelah jatuhnya dinasti Yuan. <> Bilakah Ming pertama meminta Tsongkhapa untuk datang ke mahkamah? || 1407 <> Bilakah pengadilan Ming menghantar permintaan kedua kepada Tsongkhapa? || 1413 <> Siapa yang menghantar Tsongkhapa ke Nanjing? || pengikutnya Chosrje Sh\u0101kya Yeshes <> Bilakah Chosrje Sh\u0101kya Yeshes dihantar ke Nanjing? || 1414", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Ming first request Tsongkhapa to come to court?", "id": "56cd64e762d2951400fa6569", "answers": [{"text": "1407", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Ming court send a second request to Tsongkhapa?", "id": "56cd64e762d2951400fa656a", "answers": [{"text": "1413", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Tsongkhapa send in his place to Nanjing?", "id": "56cd64e762d2951400fa656b", "answers": [{"text": "his disciple Chosrje Sh\u0101kya Yeshes", "answer_start": 525}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Chosrje Sh\u0101kya Yeshes sent to Nanjing?", "id": "56cd64e762d2951400fa656c", "answers": [{"text": "1414", "answer_start": 574}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A. Tom Grunfeld says that Tsongkhapa claimed ill health in his refusal to appear at the Ming court, while Rossabi adds that Tsongkhapa cited the \"length and arduousness of the journey\" to China as another reason not to make an appearance. This first request by the Ming was made in 1407, but the Ming court sent another embassy in 1413, this one led by the eunuch Hou Xian (\u5019\u986f; fl. 1403\u20131427), which was again refused by Tsongkhapa. Rossabi writes that Tsongkhapa did not want to entirely alienate the Ming court, so he sent his disciple Chosrje Sh\u0101kya Yeshes to Nanjing in 1414 on his behalf, and upon his arrival in 1415 the Yongle Emperor bestowed upon him the title of \"State Teacher\"\u2014the same title earlier awarded the Phagmodrupa ruler of Tibet. The Xuande Emperor (r. 1425\u20131435) even granted this disciple Chosrje Sh\u0101kya Yeshes the title of a \"King\" (\u738b). This title does not appear to have held any practical meaning, or to have given its holder any power, at Tsongkhapa's Ganden Monastery. Wylie notes that this\u2014like the Karma Kargyu\u2014cannot be seen as a reappointment of Mongol Yuan offices, since the Gelug school was created after the fall of the Yuan dynasty."}], ["Walaupun mesej ini berseri oleh Maharaja, Chan menulis bahawa setahun kemudian pada 1446, pengadilan Ming memusnahkan semua hubungan dengan hierarki Karmapa. Sehingga itu, mahkamah tidak menyangka bahawa Deshin Shekpa telah meninggal pada 1415. Mahkamah Ming percaya bahawa wakil-wakil Karma Kagyu yang terus melawat ibu kota Ming dihantar oleh Karmapa. <> Siapa yang Ming memotong semua hubungan dengan? || hierarki Karmapa <> Tahun apakah Ming memotong hierarki Karmapa? || 1446 <> Bilakah mati Deshin Shekpa? || 1415 <> Siapa yang membuat pengadilan Ming memikirkan wakil yang dihantar? || Karmapa", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did the Ming cut off all relations with?", "id": "56cd8d2162d2951400fa66cc", "answers": [{"text": "the Karmapa hierarchs", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the Ming cut off the Karmapa hierarchs?", "id": "56cd8d2162d2951400fa66cd", "answers": [{"text": "1446", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did  Deshin Shekpa  die?", "id": "56cd8d2162d2951400fa66ce", "answers": [{"text": "1415", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the Ming court think the representatives were sent by?", "id": "56cd8d2162d2951400fa66cf", "answers": [{"text": "the Karmapa", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Despite this glowing message by the Emperor, Chan writes that a year later in 1446, the Ming court cut off all relations with the Karmapa hierarchs. Until then, the court was unaware that Deshin Shekpa had died in 1415. The Ming court had believed that the representatives of the Karma Kagyu who continued to visit the Ming capital were sent by the Karmapa."}], ["Marsha Weidner menyatakan bahawa mukjizat-mukjizat Deshin Shekpa \"memberi kesaksian kepada kuasa maharaja dan guru-gurunya dan berkhidmat sebagai alat yang sah untuk penggantian yang bermasalah kaisar kepada takhta,\" merujuk kepada konflik Kaisar Yongle dengan Kaisar Jianwen sebelumnya. Tsai menulis bahawa Deshin Shekpa membantu legitimasi pemerintahan Kaisar Yongle dengan memberikannya tanda-tanda dan omens yang menunjukkan keagungan Syurga Yongle Maharaja pada takhta Ming. <> Siapa yang Maharaja Yongle mempunyai konflik dengan? || Jianwen Kaisar <> Yang membantu kesahihan pemerintahan Kaisar Yongle? || Deshin Shekpa Apa yang berfungsi sebagai alat yang sah untuk penggantian maharaja ke takhta? || Keajaiban Deshin Shekpa", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did the Yongle Emperor have a conflict with?", "id": "56cd7dda62d2951400fa6640", "answers": [{"text": "Jianwen Emperor", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who aided the legitimacy of the Yongle Emperor's rule?", "id": "56cd7dda62d2951400fa6641", "answers": [{"text": "Deshin Shekpa", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What served as a legitimizing tool for the emperor's succession to the throne?", "id": "56cd7dda62d2951400fa6644", "answers": [{"text": "Deshin Shekpa's miracles", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Marsha Weidner states that Deshin Shekpa's miracles \"testified to the power of both the emperor and his guru and served as a legitimizing tool for the emperor's problematic succession to the throne,\" referring to the Yongle Emperor's conflict with the previous Jianwen Emperor. Tsai writes that Deshin Shekpa aided the legitimacy of the Yongle Emperor's rule by providing him with portents and omens which demonstrated Heaven's favor of the Yongle Emperor on the Ming throne."}], ["Pejabat Maklumat Majlis Negeri PRC memelihara perintah Maharaja Zhengtong (rm 1435-1449) yang ditujukan kepada Karmapa pada tahun 1445 yang ditulis selepas ejennya telah membawa peninggalan suci ke mahkamah Ming. Zhengtong mempunyai mesej berikut yang dihantar kepada Putera Mahkota Agung Dharma, Karmapa: <> Berapa tahunkah Kaisar Zhengtong memerintah? || 1435-1449 <> Yang menjaga undang-undang Kaisar Zhengtong? || Pejabat Maklumat Majlis Negeri PRC <> Siapa yang menjadi edict yang dialamatkan? || yang Karmapa <> Yang mempunyai mesej yang dihantar kepada mereka oleh Zhengtong? || Treasure Treasure Prince of Dharma <> Bilakah surat itu ditulis? || selepas ejennya telah membawa peninggalan suci ke mahkamah Ming", {"qas": [{"question": "What years did the Zhengtong Emperor reign?", "id": "56cd8d1a62d2951400fa66c2", "answers": [{"text": "1435\u20131449", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who maintains an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor?", "id": "56cd8d1a62d2951400fa66c3", "answers": [{"text": "The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the edict addressed to? ", "id": "56cd8d1a62d2951400fa66c4", "answers": [{"text": "the Karmapa", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who had a message delivered to them by Zhengtong?", "id": "56cd8d1a62d2951400fa66c5", "answers": [{"text": "Great Treasure Prince of Dharma", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the edict written?", "id": "56cd8d1a62d2951400fa66c6", "answers": [{"text": "after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435\u20131449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmapa:"}], ["Sumber-sumber Tibet berkata, Deshin Shekpa juga memujuk Maharaja Yongle untuk tidak mengenakan kekuatan ketenteraannya ke Tibet seperti yang dilakukan oleh Mongol sebelumnya. Thinley menulis bahawa sebelum Karmapa kembali ke Tibet, Maharaja Yongle merancang untuk menghantar pasukan tentera ke Tibet untuk secara paksa memberi kuasa Karmapa ke atas semua sekolah Buddhis Tibet tetapi Deshin Shekpa menghalangnya. Walau bagaimanapun, Hok-Lam Chan menyatakan bahawa \"terdapat sedikit bukti bahawa ini adalah niat maharaja\" dan keterangan itu menunjukkan bahawa Deshin Skekpa telah dijemput dengan ketat untuk tujuan keagamaan. <> Siapa yang dikenakan pada tentera mungkin di Tibet pada masa lalu? || Mongol <<Hok-Lam Chan menyatakan bahawa Deshin Skekpa hanya dijemput untuk tujuan apa? || tujuan keagamaan <> Apa yang dikatakan rancangan Yongle Maharaja? || untuk menghantar tentera ke Tibet <> Mengapa Kaisar Yongle berkata telah merancang untuk menghantar pasukan tentera ke Tibet? || untuk secara paksa memberi kuasa kepada Karmapa atas semua sekolah Buddhis Tibet <> Yang meyakinkan maharaja Yongle untuk tidak menghantar pasukan tentera ke Tibet? || Deshin Shekpa", {"qas": [{"question": "Who imposed on the military might on Tibet in the past? ", "id": "56cd7c1962d2951400fa661e", "answers": [{"text": "the Mongols", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Hok-Lam Chan states that Deshin Skekpa was only invited for what purpose? ", "id": "56cd7c1962d2951400fa661f", "answers": [{"text": "religious purposes", "answer_start": 560}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was said to be the  Yongle Emperor plans?", "id": "56cd7c1962d2951400fa6620", "answers": [{"text": "to send a military force into Tibet", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why was the Yongle Emperor said to have been planning to send military forces into Tibet?", "id": "56cd7c1962d2951400fa6621", "answers": [{"text": "to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who convinced the Yongle emperor not to send military forces into Tibet?", "id": "56cd7c1962d2951400fa6622", "answers": [{"text": "Deshin Shekpa", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Tibetan sources say Deshin Shekpa also persuaded the Yongle Emperor not to impose his military might on Tibet as the Mongols had previously done. Thinley writes that before the Karmapa returned to Tibet, the Yongle Emperor began planning to send a military force into Tibet to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools but Deshin Shekpa dissuaded him. However, Hok-Lam Chan states that \"there is little evidence that this was ever the emperor's intention\" and that evidence indicates that Deshin Skekpa was invited strictly for religious purposes."}], ["Ketika Dinasti Ming menjual kuda dengan Tibet, ia menegakkan dasar melarang pasaran sempadan di utara, yang dilihat oleh Laird sebagai usaha menghukum orang Mongol atas serangan mereka dan \"menghantarkan mereka dari perbatasan China.\" Walau bagaimanapun, selepas Altan Khan (1507-1582), ketua Mongol T\u00fcmed yang membongkar hegemoni konfrontasi Oirat Mongol atas damai yang dilakukan dengan damai dengan dinasti Ming pada tahun 1571, beliau memujuk Ming untuk membuka semula pasaran sempadan mereka pada tahun 1573. Ini disediakan orang-orang Cina dengan bekalan kuda baru yang lebih banyak orang Mongol; ia juga merupakan kelegaan kepada Ming, kerana mereka tidak dapat menghentikan Mongol dari serangan berkala. Laird mengatakan bahawa walaupun pada zaman kemudian Mongol percaya Altan memaksa Ming untuk melihatnya sebagai sejarawan sejagat, Cina berpendapat bahawa dia hanya warga China yang setia. Menjelang 1578, Altan Khan membentuk persekutuan Mongol-Tibet yang hebat dengan Gelug yang dilihat Ming dari jauh tanpa campur tangan. <> Siapa yang melakukan kuda perdagangan Ming dengan? || Tibet <> Siapa pemimpin T\u00fcmed Mongol? || Altan Khan <> Siapa yang telah digulingkan oleh Altan Khan? || heiremoni konfederasi Oirat Mongol <> Siapa yang Altan Khan membuat perdamaian? || Dinasti Ming <> Siapa yang meyakinkan Ming untuk membuka semula pasaran sempadan mereka pada tahun 1573? || Altan Khan", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did the Ming trade horses with?", "id": "56cd8d2962d2951400fa66e8", "answers": [{"text": "Tibet", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the leader of the T\u00fcmed Mongols?", "id": "56cd8d2962d2951400fa66e9", "answers": [{"text": "Altan Khan", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Altan Khan overthrow?", "id": "56cd8d2962d2951400fa66ea", "answers": [{"text": "the Oirat Mongol confederation's hegemony", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Altan Khan make peace with?", "id": "56cd8d2962d2951400fa66eb", "answers": [{"text": "the Ming dynasty", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who convinced the Ming to reopen their border markets in 1573?", "id": "56cd8d2962d2951400fa66ec", "answers": [{"text": "Altan Khan", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "While the Ming dynasty traded horses with Tibet, it upheld a policy of outlawing border markets in the north, which Laird sees as an effort to punish the Mongols for their raids and to \"drive them from the frontiers of China.\" However, after Altan Khan (1507\u20131582)\u2014leader of the T\u00fcmed Mongols who overthrew the Oirat Mongol confederation's hegemony over the steppes\u2014made peace with the Ming dynasty in 1571, he persuaded the Ming to reopen their border markets in 1573. This provided the Chinese with a new supply of horses that the Mongols had in excess; it was also a relief to the Ming, since they were unable to stop the Mongols from periodic raiding. Laird says that despite the fact that later Mongols believed Altan forced the Ming to view him as an equal, Chinese historians argue that he was simply a loyal Chinese citizen. By 1578, Altan Khan formed a formidable Mongol-Tibetan alliance with the Gelug that the Ming viewed from afar without intervention."}], ["Patricia Ebrey menulis bahawa Tibet, seperti Joseon Korea dan negara-negara jiran yang lain kepada Ming, menetap untuk status tribusinya sementara tidak ada tentera atau gabenor Ming China yang ditempatkan di wilayahnya. Laird menulis bahawa \"selepas tentera Mongolia meninggalkan Tibet, tiada pasukan Ming menggantikan mereka.\" Wang dan Nyima menyatakan bahawa walaupun Ming menahan diri daripada menghantar tentera untuk menundukkan Tibet dan menahan pasukan pengawal Ming di sana, langkah-langkah ini tidak diperlukan selagi pengadilan Ming mengekalkan hubungan rapat dengan pengikut Tibet dan pasukan mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat contoh pada abad ke-14 apabila Maharaja Hongwu menggunakan kuasa ketenteraan untuk memadamkan pergolakan di Tibet. John D. Langlois menulis bahawa terdapat pergolakan di Tibet dan Sichuan barat, yang mana Marquis Mu Ying (\u6c90\u82f1) telah ditugaskan untuk memadamkan pada bulan November 1378 selepas dia menubuhkan pasukan pengawal Taozhou di Gansu. Langlois mencatatkan bahawa pada Oktober 1379, Mu Ying didakwa menangkap 30,000 tahanan Tibet dan 200,000 haiwan peliharaan. Namun, pencerobohan berjalan dengan baik; jeneral Ming Qu Neng, di bawah arahan Lan Yu, telah diarahkan untuk menangkis serangan Tibet ke Sichuan pada tahun 1390. <> Bilakah Maharaja Hongwu menggunakan angkatan tentera di Tibet? || abad ke-14 <> Bilakah Marquis Mu Ying ditugaskan untuk memadamkan? || November 1378 <> Berapa ramai tahanan Tibet yang menangkap Mu Ying? || 30,000 <> Berapa banyak haiwan yang menangkap Mu Ying? || 200,000 <> Siapa yang diperintahkan memaksa serangan Tibet ke Sichuan? || Ketua umum Qu Neng", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Hongwu Emperor use military force in Tibet?", "id": "56cd8f8962d2951400fa6716", "answers": [{"text": "the 14th century", "answer_start": 597}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Marquis Mu Ying commissioned to quell?", "id": "56cd8f8962d2951400fa6717", "answers": [{"text": "November 1378", "answer_start": 823}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Tibetan prisoners did Mu Ying capture?", "id": "56cd8f8962d2951400fa6718", "answers": [{"text": "30,000", "answer_start": 955}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many animals did Mu Ying capture?", "id": "56cd8f8962d2951400fa6719", "answers": [{"text": "200,000", "answer_start": 984}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was ordered to force a Tibetan assault into Sichuan?", "id": "56cd8f8962d2951400fa671a", "answers": [{"text": "Ming general Qu Neng", "answer_start": 1047}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Patricia Ebrey writes that Tibet, like Joseon Korea and other neighboring states to the Ming, settled for its tributary status while there were no troops or governors of Ming China stationed in its territory. Laird writes that \"after the Mongol troops left Tibet, no Ming troops replaced them.\" Wang and Nyima state that, despite the fact that the Ming refrained from sending troops to subdue Tibet and refrained from garrisoning Ming troops there, these measures were unnecessary so long as the Ming court upheld close ties with Tibetan vassals and their forces. However, there were instances in the 14th century when the Hongwu Emperor did use military force to quell unrest in Tibet. John D. Langlois writes that there was unrest in Tibet and western Sichuan, which the Marquis Mu Ying (\u6c90\u82f1) was commissioned to quell in November 1378 after he established a Taozhou garrison in Gansu. Langlois notes that by October 1379, Mu Ying had allegedly captured 30,000 Tibetan prisoners and 200,000 domesticated animals. Yet invasion went both ways; the Ming general Qu Neng, under the command of Lan Yu, was ordered to repel a Tibetan assault into Sichuan in 1390."}], ["Sepanjang bulan berikutnya, Maharaja Yongle dan mahkamahnya memberi hadiah kepada Karmapa. Di Kuil Linggu di Nanjing, beliau mempengerusikan upacara keagamaan untuk ibu bapa Yongle Kaisar, sementara dua puluh dua hari tinggalnya ditandai oleh mukjizat keagamaan yang dicatatkan dalam lima bahasa pada tatal gergasi yang menanggung meterai Maharaja. Semasa tinggal di Nanjing, Deshin Shekpa dianugerahi gelaran \"Putera Agung Dharma Besar\" oleh Kaisar Yongle. Elliot Sperling menegaskan bahawa Maharaja Yongle, dalam menyerahkan Deshin Shekpa dengan gelaran \"Raja\" dan memuji kebolehan mistik dan mukjizatnya, berusaha untuk membina sebuah pakatan dengan Karmapa sebagai kaum Mongol dengan orang-orang lama Sakya, tetapi Deshin Shekpa menolak Tawaran Yongle Emperor. Malah, ini adalah tajuk yang sama bahawa Kublai Khan telah menawarkan lama Sakya Phagpa, tetapi Deshin Shekpa memujuk Kaisar Yongle untuk memberikan gelaran kepada pemimpin agama para Buddha Buddha Tibet yang lain. <> Pada kuil apa apakah upacara untuk ibubapa Yongle Kaisar telah berlaku? || Kuil Linggu <> Di mana kuil Linggu terletak? || Nanjing <> Gelaran apa yang diberikan kepada Deshin Shekpa di Nanjing? || Treasure Treasure Prince of Dharma <> Siapa yang membuat Deshin Shekpa meyakinkan Yongle Maharaja untuk memberikan gelaran itu? || pemimpin agama dari golongan Buddha Tibet lain", {"qas": [{"question": "At what temple did the ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents take place?", "id": "56cd798262d2951400fa65f6", "answers": [{"text": "Linggu Temple", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Linggu Temple located?", "id": "56cd798262d2951400fa65f7", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What title was Deshin Shekpa given at Nanjing?", "id": "56cd798262d2951400fa65f8", "answers": [{"text": "Great Treasure Prince of Dharma", "answer_start": 437}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Deshin Shekpa persuade the Yongle Emperor to give the title to?", "id": "56cd798262d2951400fa65fa", "answers": [{"text": "religious leaders of other Tibetan Buddhist sects", "answer_start": 943}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Throughout the following month, the Yongle Emperor and his court showered the Karmapa with presents. At Linggu Temple in Nanjing, he presided over the religious ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents, while twenty-two days of his stay were marked by religious miracles that were recorded in five languages on a gigantic scroll that bore the Emperor's seal. During his stay in Nanjing, Deshin Shekpa was bestowed the title \"Great Treasure Prince of Dharma\" by the Yongle Emperor. Elliot Sperling asserts that the Yongle Emperor, in bestowing Deshin Shekpa with the title of \"King\" and praising his mystical abilities and miracles, was trying to build an alliance with the Karmapa as the Mongols had with the Sakya lamas, but Deshin Shekpa rejected the Yongle Emperor's offer. In fact, this was the same title that Kublai Khan had offered the Sakya Phagpa lama, but Deshin Shekpa persuaded the Yongle Emperor to grant the title to religious leaders of other Tibetan Buddhist sects."}], ["Tsai menulis bahawa tidak lama selepas lawatan oleh Deshin Shekpa, Maharaja Yongle mengarahkan pembinaan jalan dan jawatan perdagangan di bahagian atas Sungai Yangzi dan Mekong untuk memudahkan perdagangan dengan Tibet dalam teh, kuda, dan garam. Laluan perdagangan melewati Sichuan dan melintasi Shangri-La County di Yunnan. Wang dan Nyima menegaskan bahawa \"perdagangan yang berkaitan dengan penghormatan\" ini Ming bertukar teh Cina untuk kuda Tibet-sambil memberi utusan Tibet dan pedagang Tibet keizinan yang jelas untuk berdagang dengan pedagang Han China- \"memajukan lagi aturan mahkamah dinasti Ming ke atas Tibet\" . Rossabi dan Sperling ambil perhatian bahawa perdagangan kuda Tibet untuk teh Cina wujud sebelum Ming. Peter C. Perdue mengatakan bahawa Wang Anshi (1021-1086), menyedari bahawa China tidak dapat menghasilkan kuda yang cukup ketat, juga bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kuda-kuda dari Inner Asia sebagai pertukaran untuk teh Cina. Orang-orang Cina memerlukan kuda bukan sahaja untuk berkuda tetapi juga sebagai draf haiwan untuk gerabak bekalan tentera. Orang-orang Tibet memerlukan teh Cina bukan sahaja sebagai minuman biasa tetapi juga sebagai suplemen upacara agama. Kerajaan Ming mengenakan monopoli ke atas pengeluaran teh dan cuba mengawal perdagangan ini dengan pasaran diawasi negeri, tetapi ini runtuh pada tahun 1449 akibat kegagalan ketenteraan dan tekanan ekologi dan komersil dalaman di wilayah penghasil teh. <> Mengapa Yongle memerintahkan pembinaan? || untuk memudahkan perdagangan dengan Tibet <> Apa yang ingin diperdagangkan oleh Yongle dengan Tibet? || teh, kuda, dan garam <> di mana laluan perdagangan telah melalui? || melalui Sichuan dan melintasi Shangri-La County di Yunnan", {"qas": [{"question": "Why did Yongle order the construction?", "id": "56cd8d2462d2951400fa66d5", "answers": [{"text": "to facilitate trade with Tibet", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Yongle want to trade with Tibet?", "id": "56cd8d2462d2951400fa66d6", "answers": [{"text": "tea, horses, and salt", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "where did the trade route pass through?", "id": "56cd8d2462d2951400fa66d7", "answers": [{"text": "through Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La County in Yunnan", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Tsai writes that shortly after the visit by Deshin Shekpa, the Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of a road and of trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers in order to facilitate trade with Tibet in tea, horses, and salt. The trade route passed through Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La County in Yunnan. Wang and Nyima assert that this \"tribute-related trade\" of the Ming exchanging Chinese tea for Tibetan horses\u2014while granting Tibetan envoys and Tibetan merchants explicit permission to trade with Han Chinese merchants\u2014\"furthered the rule of the Ming dynasty court over Tibet\". Rossabi and Sperling note that this trade in Tibetan horses for Chinese tea existed long before the Ming. Peter C. Perdue says that Wang Anshi (1021\u20131086), realizing that China could not produce enough militarily capable steeds, had also aimed to obtain horses from Inner Asia in exchange for Chinese tea. The Chinese needed horses not only for cavalry but also as draft animals for the army's supply wagons. The Tibetans required Chinese tea not only as a common beverage but also as a religious ceremonial supplement. The Ming government imposed a monopoly on tea production and attempted to regulate this trade with state-supervised markets, but these collapsed in 1449 due to military failures and internal ecological and commercial pressures on the tea-producing regions."}], ["Dengan contoh hubungan mahkamah Ming dengan Karmapa kelima dan pemimpin Tibet lain, Norbu menyatakan bahawa sejarawan Komunis China gagal menyedari kepentingan aspek agama hubungan Ming-Tibet. Beliau menulis bahawa pertemuan-pertemuan lamas dengan Kaisar China adalah pertukaran penghormatan antara \"penaung dan imam\" dan bukan sekadar contoh dari seorang bawahan politik yang memberi penghormatan kepada seorang atasan. Beliau juga menyatakan bahawa item penghormatan adalah artifak Buddha yang melambangkan \"sifat keagamaan hubungan.\" Josef Kolma\u0161 menulis bahawa dinasti Ming tidak menjalankan sebarang kawalan politik langsung ke atas Tibet, yang penuh dengan hubungan penghormatan mereka yang \"hampir sepenuhnya bersifat keagamaan.\" Patricia Ann Berger menulis bahawa gelaran Maharaja Yongle dan pemberian gelaran kepada lamas adalah percubaannya untuk \"membangkitkan hubungan antara China dan Tibet yang ditubuhkan lebih awal oleh pengasas Yuan yang bernama Khubilai Khan dan guru Phagpa.\" Dia juga menulis bahawa maharaja Qing kemudiannya dan rakan-rakan Mongolnya melihat hubungan Kaisar Yongle dengan Tibet sebagai \"sebahagian daripada rangkaian penjelmaan semula yang melihat maharaja Han Cina ini sebagai satu lagi Manjusri.\" <> Menurut Norbu yang gagal merealisasikan pentingnya aspek keagamaan hubungan Ming-Tibet? || Ahli sejarah Komunis Cina <> Apakah barangan penghormatan? || Artefak Buddha <> Siapa yang percaya bahawa dinasti Ming tidak menjalankan sebarang kawalan politik langsung ke atas Tibet? || Josef Kolma\u0161", {"qas": [{"question": "According to Norbu who failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship?", "id": "56cd8d1462d2951400fa66b8", "answers": [{"text": "Chinese Communist historians", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the items of tribute?", "id": "56cd8d1462d2951400fa66b9", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhist artifacts", "answer_start": 502}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who believe that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet?", "id": "56cd8d1462d2951400fa66bb", "answers": [{"text": "Josef Kolma\u0161", "answer_start": 582}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "With the example of the Ming court's relationship with the fifth Karmapa and other Tibetan leaders, Norbu states that Chinese Communist historians have failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship. He writes that the meetings of lamas with the Emperor of China were exchanges of tribute between \"the patron and the priest\" and were not merely instances of a political subordinate paying tribute to a superior. He also notes that the items of tribute were Buddhist artifacts which symbolized \"the religious nature of the relationship.\" Josef Kolma\u0161 writes that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet, content with their tribute relations that were \"almost entirely of a religious character.\" Patricia Ann Berger writes that the Yongle Emperor's courting and granting of titles to lamas was his attempt to \"resurrect the relationship between China and Tibet established earlier by the Yuan dynastic founder Khubilai Khan and his guru Phagpa.\" She also writes that the later Qing emperors and their Mongol associates viewed the Yongle Emperor's relationship with Tibet as \"part of a chain of reincarnation that saw this Han Chinese emperor as yet another emanation of Manjusri.\""}], ["Van Praag menyatakan bahawa mahkamah Ming menubuhkan delegasi diplomatik dengan Tibet hanya untuk mendapatkan kuda yang diperlukan segera. Wang dan Nyima berhujah bahawa ini bukan delegasi diplomatik sama sekali, bahawa kawasan Tibet diperintah oleh Ming sejak pemimpin Tibet diberikan kedudukan sebagai pegawai Ming, bahawa kuda dikumpulkan dari Tibet sebagai cukai \"corv\u00e9e\" wajib, dan oleh itu Tibet adalah \" menjalankan urusan domestik, bukan diplomasi asing \". Sperling menulis bahawa Ming secara serentak membeli kuda di rantau Kham semasa memerangi suku Tibet di Amdo dan menerima kedutaan Tibet di Nanjing. Beliau juga berhujah bahawa kedutaan-kedutaan besar Tibet yang berkunjung ke mahkamah Ming adalah sebahagian besar usaha untuk mempromosikan urus niaga komersil antara rombongan besar dan kaya dan peniaga dan pegawai Ming Cina. Kolma\u0161 menulis bahawa sementara Ming mengekalkan dasar laissez-faire ke arah Tibet dan mengehadkan jumlah orang Tibet, Tibet berusaha untuk mengekalkan hubungan anak-anak dengan Ming kerana perlindungan empayar memberi mereka kekayaan dan kekuasaan. Laird menulis bahawa orang-orang Tibet dengan penuh semangat mencari undangan pengadilan Ming sejak hadiah yang diterima oleh orang-orang Tibet untuk membawa penghormatan jauh lebih bernilai daripada yang terakhir. Bagi hadiah Maharaja Yongle kepada pengikut Tibet dan Nepal seperti barang-barang perak, peninggalan Buddha, peralatan untuk kuil-kuil Buddha dan upacara keagamaan, dan gaun dan jubah untuk para bhikkhu, Tsai menulis \"dalam usahanya untuk menarik negara jiran ke orbit Ming begitu bahawa dia boleh menikmati kemuliaan, Maharaja Yongle agak bersedia untuk membayar harga yang kecil \". Pejabat Penerangan Dewan Negara RRC menyenaraikan barang-barang penghormatan Tibet sebagai lembu, kuda, unta, biri-biri, produk bulu, herba perubatan, incens Tibet, thangkas (lukisan dicat), dan kraftangan; manakala Ming menganugerahkan penghormatan Tibet-pemegang yang sama nilai emas, perak, satin dan brokat, bolt kain, bijirin, dan daun teh. Bengkel sutera semasa Ming juga melayani khusus ke pasar Tibet dengan pakaian dan perabot sutera yang memaparkan ikonografi Buddha Tibet. <> Mengapa Van Praag percaya pengadilan Ming menubuhkan delegasi diplomatik dengan Tibet? || untuk mendapatkan kuda yang diperlukan segera <> Kedai apa yang telah disediakan untuk pasaran Tibet? || Bengkel sutera <> Apakah imej dan simbol visual pada perabot dari bengkel sutera? || Buddha Tibet <> yang mana kawasan Tibet diperintah oleh? || Ming <> Wang dan Nyima percaya kuda dikumpulkan dari Tibet sebagai jenis cukai? || cukai wajib \"corv\u00e9e\"", {"qas": [{"question": "Why does Van Praag believe the Ming court set up a diplomatic delegation with Tibet?", "id": "56cd8d2762d2951400fa66de", "answers": [{"text": "to secure urgently needed horses", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What shops were catered to the Tibetan market?", "id": "56cd8d2762d2951400fa66df", "answers": [{"text": "Silk workshops", "answer_start": 1980}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What visual images and symbols were on furnishings from the silk workshops?", "id": "56cd8d2762d2951400fa66e0", "answers": [{"text": "Tibetan Buddhist", "answer_start": 2103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "who were the Tibetan areas were ruled by?", "id": "56cd8d2762d2951400fa66e1", "answers": [{"text": "the Ming", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Wang and Nyima believed horses were collected from Tibet as what kind of tax?", "id": "56cd8d2762d2951400fa66e2", "answers": [{"text": "a mandatory \"corv\u00e9e\" tax", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Van Praag states that the Ming court established diplomatic delegations with Tibet merely to secure urgently needed horses. Wang and Nyima argue that these were not diplomatic delegations at all, that Tibetan areas were ruled by the Ming since Tibetan leaders were granted positions as Ming officials, that horses were collected from Tibet as a mandatory \"corv\u00e9e\" tax, and therefore Tibetans were \"undertaking domestic affairs, not foreign diplomacy\". Sperling writes that the Ming simultaneously bought horses in the Kham region while fighting Tibetan tribes in Amdo and receiving Tibetan embassies in Nanjing. He also argues that the embassies of Tibetan lamas visiting the Ming court were for the most part efforts to promote commercial transactions between the lamas' large, wealthy entourage and Ming Chinese merchants and officials. Kolma\u0161 writes that while the Ming maintained a laissez-faire policy towards Tibet and limited the numbers of the Tibetan retinues, the Tibetans sought to maintain a tributary relationship with the Ming because imperial patronage provided them with wealth and power. Laird writes that Tibetans eagerly sought Ming court invitations since the gifts the Tibetans received for bringing tribute were much greater in value than the latter. As for the Yongle Emperor's gifts to his Tibetan and Nepalese vassals such as silver wares, Buddha relics, utensils for Buddhist temples and religious ceremonies, and gowns and robes for monks, Tsai writes \"in his effort to draw neighboring states to the Ming orbit so that he could bask in glory, the Yongle Emperor was quite willing to pay a small price\". The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC lists the Tibetan tribute items as oxen, horses, camels, sheep, fur products, medical herbs, Tibetan incenses, thangkas (painted scrolls), and handicrafts; while the Ming awarded Tibetan tribute-bearers an equal value of gold, silver, satin and brocade, bolts of cloth, grains, and tea leaves. Silk workshops during the Ming also catered specifically to the Tibetan market with silk clothes and furnishings featuring Tibetan Buddhist iconography."}], ["Josef Kolma\u0161, seorang ahli sinologi, ahli Tibet, dan Profesor Pengajian Oriental di Akademi Sains Republik Czech, menulis bahawa ia adalah semasa dinasti Qing \"perkembangan yang berlaku atas dasar Tibet dianggap sebagai bahagian organik China, secara praktikal dan secara teorinya tertakluk kepada kerajaan pusat China. \" Namun dia menyatakan bahawa ini adalah perubahan radikal berkaitan dengan semua zaman dahulu hubungan Sino-Tibet. <> Semasa dinasti yang mana Josef Kolma\u0161 mendakwa Tibet dianggap sebagai bahagian organik dari China? || Dinasti Qing <> Josef Kolma\u0161 menyatakan bahawa Tibet menjadi subjek kepada pemerintah apa? || kerajaan pusat China", {"qas": [{"question": "During Which dynasty does Josef Kolma\u0161 claim Tibet was considered an organic part of China?", "id": "56ce1e45aab44d1400b8847a", "answers": [{"text": "the Qing dynasty", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Josef Kolma\u0161  states that Tibet became subject to what government? ", "id": "56ce1e45aab44d1400b8847b", "answers": [{"text": "the Chinese central government", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Josef Kolma\u0161, a sinologist, Tibetologist, and Professor of Oriental Studies at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, writes that it was during the Qing dynasty \"that developments took place on the basis of which Tibet came to be considered an organic part of China, both practically and theoretically subject to the Chinese central government.\" Yet he states that this was a radical change in regards to all previous eras of Sino-Tibetan relations."}], ["Dengan kematian Zhengde dan kenaikan Jiajing, politik di mahkamah berpindah memihak kepada penubuhan Neo-Confucian yang tidak hanya menolak kedutaan Portugis Fern\u00e3o Pires de Andrade (1523), tetapi mempunyai permusuhan yang terdahulu terhadap Buddhisme Tibet dan lamas. Evelyn S. Rawski, seorang profesor di Jabatan Sejarah Universiti Pittsburgh, menulis bahawa hubungan unik Ming dengan pelukis Tibet pada dasarnya berakhir dengan pemerintahan Jiajing sementara pengaruh Ming di rantau Amdo telah digantikan oleh Mongol. <> Siapa yang pengganti Zhengde? || Jiajing <> Apakah penubuhan politik di permaidani mahkamah memihak kepada? || Penubuhan Neo-Confucian <> Kedutaan mana yang ditolak penubuhan Neo-Confucian? || Kedutaan Portugis <> Siapa yang membuat pertubuhan Neo-Confucian mempunyai permusuhan terhadap? || Budha dan Budha Tibet <> Evelyn S. Rawski mendakwa hubungan Ming dengan para pelopor Tibet berakhir semasa pemerintahan mana? || Jiajing", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was Zhengde's successor? ", "id": "56ce362faab44d1400b885c6", "answers": [{"text": "Jiajing", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What establishment did the politics at court shift in favor of? ", "id": "56ce362faab44d1400b885c7", "answers": [{"text": "Neo-Confucian establishment", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which embassy did the Neo-Confucian establishment reject?", "id": "56ce362faab44d1400b885c8", "answers": [{"text": "the Portuguese embassy", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the Neo-Confucian establishment have animosity towards?", "id": "56ce362faab44d1400b885c9", "answers": [{"text": "Tibetan Buddhism and lamas", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Evelyn S. Rawski claims that Ming's relationship with Tibetan prelates ended during who's reign?", "id": "56ce362faab44d1400b885ca", "answers": [{"text": "Jiajing", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "With the death of Zhengde and ascension of Jiajing, the politics at court shifted in favor of the Neo-Confucian establishment which not only rejected the Portuguese embassy of Fern\u00e3o Pires de Andrade (d. 1523), but had a predisposed animosity towards Tibetan Buddhism and lamas. Evelyn S. Rawski, a professor in the Department of History of the University of Pittsburgh, writes that the Ming's unique relationship with Tibetan prelates essentially ended with Jiajing's reign while Ming influence in the Amdo region was supplanted by the Mongols."}], ["Semasa pemerintahan Maharaja Jiajing (r 1521-1567), ideologi Cina asli Daoism ditaja sepenuhnya di mahkamah Ming, sementara Tibet Vajrayana dan juga Buddhisme Cina diabaikan atau ditindas. Malah Sejarah Ming menyatakan bahawa lamas Tibet menghentikan perjalanan mereka ke Ming China dan mahkamahnya pada ketika ini. Setiausaha Agung Yang Tinghe di bawah Jiajing bertekad untuk memecahkan pengaruh kasim di mahkamah yang menanda zaman Zhengde, contohnya pengiring mahal dari kasim Liu Yun seperti yang diterangkan di atas dalam misi gagalnya ke Tibet. Kasim sida-sida yang memihak memperluaskan dan membina hubungan komersial baru dengan negara-negara asing seperti Portugal, yang dianggap sebagai dibenarkan oleh Zhengde kerana ia mempunyai pertalian untuk orang asing dan eksotik. <> Bilakah Maharaja Jiajing memerintah? || 1521-1567 <> Apa ideologi ditaja di mahkamah Ming? || ideologi Cina asli Daoism <> Yang berhenti perjalanan mereka ke Ming China? || Lama Tibet <> Siapa Setiausaha Besar di bawah Jiajing? || Yang Tinghe <> Yang memecahkan pengaruh kasim di mahkamah? || Yang Tinghe", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Jiajing Emperor reign? ", "id": "56ce3406aab44d1400b8856c", "answers": [{"text": "1521\u20131567", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ideology was sponsored at the Ming court?", "id": "56ce3406aab44d1400b8856d", "answers": [{"text": "the native Chinese ideology of Daoism", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who stopped their trips to Ming China?", "id": "56ce3406aab44d1400b8856e", "answers": [{"text": "the Tibetan lamas", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Grand Secretary under Jiajing?", "id": "56ce3406aab44d1400b8856f", "answers": [{"text": "Yang Tinghe", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who broke the eunuch influence at court?", "id": "56ce3406aab44d1400b88570", "answers": [{"text": "Yang Tinghe", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the reign of the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521\u20131567), the native Chinese ideology of Daoism was fully sponsored at the Ming court, while Tibetan Vajrayana and even Chinese Buddhism were ignored or suppressed. Even the History of Ming states that the Tibetan lamas discontinued their trips to Ming China and its court at this point. Grand Secretary Yang Tinghe under Jiajing was determined to break the eunuch influence at court which typified the Zhengde era, an example being the costly escort of the eunuch Liu Yun as described above in his failed mission to Tibet. The court eunuchs were in favor of expanding and building new commercial ties with foreign countries such as Portugal, which Zhengde deemed permissible since he had an affinity for foreign and exotic people."}], ["Perbincangan strategi di pertengahan dinasti Ming memberi tumpuan terutamanya kepada pemulihan rantau Ordos, yang digunakan oleh Mongol sebagai pangkalan rali ke tahap serangan ke Ming China. Norbu menyatakan bahawa Dinasti Ming, yang sibuk dengan ancaman Mongol di utara, tidak dapat melepaskan pasukan bersenjata tambahan untuk menguatkuasakan atau menyokong tuntutan kedaulatan mereka terhadap Tibet; Sebaliknya, mereka bergantung pada \"instrumen Confucian hubungan penghormatan\" untuk menghilangkan jumlah gelaran dan hadiah yang tidak terbatas dalam lamaran Tibet melalui tindakan diplomasi. Sperling menyatakan hubungan antara Ming dan Tibet adalah \"kali terakhir China yang bersatu terpaksa berhadapan dengan Tibet yang bebas,\" bahawa terdapat potensi konflik bersenjata di sempadan mereka, dan matlamat utama dasar luar Ming dengan Tibet bukan penaklukan tetapi \"mengelakkan sebarang ancaman Tibet.\" P. Christiaan Klieger berhujah bahawa naungan Ming pengadilan tinggi Tibet lamas \"direka untuk membantu menstabilkan wilayah sempadan dan melindungi laluan perdagangan.\" <> Apa perbincangan dinasti Ming pertengahan difokuskan pada? || pemulihan rantau Ordos <> Siapa yang menggunakan rantau Ordos sebagai tempat untuk serangan serbuan? || kaum Mongol <> Di manakah kaum Mongol berusaha untuk menaikkan? || Ming China <> Mengapa P. Christiaan Klieger percaya bahawa Mahkamah Ming menyokong lamas Tibet yang tinggi? || untuk membantu menstabilkan kawasan sempadan dan melindungi laluan perdagangan", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the mid Ming dynasty discussion focus mainly on?", "id": "56cd982562d2951400fa6770", "answers": [{"text": "recovery of the Ordos region", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who used the the Ordos region as a place to stage raids? ", "id": "56cd982562d2951400fa6771", "answers": [{"text": "the Mongols", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the Mongols trying to raise? ", "id": "56cd982562d2951400fa6772", "answers": [{"text": "Ming China", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did P. Christiaan Klieger believe that the Ming court supported high Tibetan lamas?", "id": "56cd982562d2951400fa6774", "answers": [{"text": "to help stabilize border regions and protect trade routes", "answer_start": 957}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Discussions of strategy in the mid Ming dynasty focused primarily on recovery of the Ordos region, which the Mongols used as a rallying base to stage raids into Ming China. Norbu states that the Ming dynasty, preoccupied with the Mongol threat to the north, could not spare additional armed forces to enforce or back up their claim of sovereignty over Tibet; instead, they relied on \"Confucian instruments of tribute relations\" of heaping unlimited number of titles and gifts on Tibetan lamas through acts of diplomacy. Sperling states that the delicate relationship between the Ming and Tibet was \"the last time a united China had to deal with an independent Tibet,\" that there was a potential for armed conflict at their borders, and that the ultimate goal of Ming foreign policy with Tibet was not subjugation but \"avoidance of any kind of Tibetan threat.\" P. Christiaan Klieger argues that the Ming court's patronage of high Tibetan lamas \"was designed to help stabilize border regions and protect trade routes.\""}], ["P. Christiaan Klieger, ahli antropologi dan sarjana Akademi Sains California di San Francisco, menulis bahawa rezim Saky rezim Sakya yang dipasang oleh Mongol menubuhkan hubungan penaung dan imam antara orang-orang Tibet dan Mongol yang menukar agama Buddha Tibet. Menurutnya, lamas Tibet dan khans Mongolia mengekalkan \"peranan masing-masing uskup agama dan penaung sekular,\" masing-masing. Beliau menambah bahawa \"Walaupun perjanjian dibuat antara pemimpin Tibet dan klan Mongol, maharaja Ming dan Qing, Republik China dan pengganti Komunisnya yang mengasumsikan bekas ibu kota negara-negara dan negara-negara subjek sebagai bagian integral dari negara-negara Cina.\" <> Siapa yang mengaku P. Christiaan Klieger mempunyai peranan agama yang sama? || lamas Tibet dan Mongol khans <> Siapa yang percaya P. Christiaan Klieger menjalankan bekas anak sungai imperial? || Republik China dan pengganti komunisnya <> Di mana P. Christiaan Klieger berfungsi? || Akademi Sains California di San Francisco <> Siapa rezim nazim rejim Sakya yang ditubuhkan oleh? || kaum Mongol <> Rejim Sakya membentuk hubungan apa antara orang-orang Tibet dan Mongol yang menukar agama? || penaung dan hubungan imam", {"qas": [{"question": "Who does P. Christiaan Klieger claim to have had a mutual role of religious prelate?", "id": "56ce2752aab44d1400b884d2", "answers": [{"text": "the Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does P. Christiaan Klieger believe undertook the former imperial tributaries?", "id": "56ce2752aab44d1400b884d3", "answers": [{"text": "the Republic of China and its Communist successors", "answer_start": 534}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does P. Christiaan Klieger work?", "id": "56ce2752aab44d1400b884d4", "answers": [{"text": "the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the  vice royalty of the Sakya regime established by?", "id": "56ce2752aab44d1400b884d5", "answers": [{"text": "the Mongols", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Sakya regime established what kind of relationship between the Tibetans and Mongol converts?", "id": "56ce2752aab44d1400b884d6", "answers": [{"text": "patron and priest relationship", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "P. Christiaan Klieger, an anthropologist and scholar of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, writes that the vice royalty of the Sakya regime installed by the Mongols established a patron and priest relationship between Tibetans and Mongol converts to Tibetan Buddhism. According to him, the Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans upheld a \"mutual role of religious prelate and secular patron,\" respectively. He adds that \"Although agreements were made between Tibetan leaders and Mongol khans, Ming and Qing emperors, it was the Republic of China and its Communist successors that assumed the former imperial tributaries and subject states as integral parts of the Chinese nation-state.\""}], ["China Daily, sebuah organisasi berita dikawal oleh CCP sejak tahun 1981, menyatakan dalam artikel 2008 bahawa walaupun terdapat perubahan dinasti setelah Tibet dimasukkan ke dalam wilayah dinasti Yuan China pada abad ke-13, \"Tibet masih berada di bawah bidang kuasa pemerintah pusat dari China. \" Ia juga menyatakan bahawa dinasti Ming \"mewarisi hak untuk memerintah Tibet\" dari dinasti Yuan, dan mengulangi tuntutan-tuntutan di Mingshi mengenai Ming yang mendirikan dua perintah tinggi yang melewati Tibet. China Daily menyatakan bahawa Ming mengendalikan pentadbiran sivil Tibet, melantik semua pegawai utama organ pentadbiran ini, dan menghukum orang Tibet yang melanggar undang-undang. Orang-orang yang dikendalikan oleh Parti Rakyat, agensi berita Xinhua News yang dikendalikan oleh negara, dan rangkaian televisyen nasional yang dikendalikan oleh negara China Central Television menyiarkan artikel yang sama dengan China Daily, satu-satunya perbezaan yang menjadi tajuk utama mereka dan beberapa teks tambahan. <> Bilakah Tibet dimasukkan ke dalam wilayah dinasti Yuan China? || abad ke-13 <> yang dikatakan telah mendapat hak untuk memerintah Tibet? || Dinasti Ming <> Bilakah China Daily bermula? || 1981 <> Siapa artikel tuntutan mempunyai dua perintah tinggi yang melintasi Tibet? || Ming <> Menurut artikel Tibet kekal di bawah bidang kuasa apa? || kerajaan pusat China", {"qas": [{"question": "When was Tibet included into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China?", "id": "56ce2b2daab44d1400b884f0", "answers": [{"text": "the 13th century", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was said to have gained the right to rule Tibet?", "id": "56ce2b2daab44d1400b884f1", "answers": [{"text": "the Ming dynasty", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was China Daily started?", "id": "56ce2b2daab44d1400b884f2", "answers": [{"text": "1981", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does the article claim had two itinerant high commands over Tibet?", "id": "56ce2b2daab44d1400b884f3", "answers": [{"text": "the Ming", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to article Tibet has remained under what jurisdiction?", "id": "56ce2b2daab44d1400b884f4", "answers": [{"text": "the central government of China", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "China Daily, a CCP-controlled news organization since 1981, states in a 2008 article that although there were dynastic changes after Tibet was incorporated into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China in the 13th century, \"Tibet has remained under the jurisdiction of the central government of China.\" It also states that the Ming dynasty \"inherited the right to rule Tibet\" from the Yuan dynasty, and repeats the claims in the Mingshi about the Ming establishing two itinerant high commands over Tibet. China Daily states that the Ming handled Tibet's civil administration, appointed all leading officials of these administrative organs, and punished Tibetans who broke the law. The party-controlled People's Daily, the state-controlled Xinhua News Agency, and the state-controlled national television network China Central Television posted the same article that China Daily had, the only difference being their headlines and some additional text."}], ["Persatuan Pengajian Asia menyatakan bahawa tidak ada keterangan bertulis yang menunjukkan bahawa pemimpin-pemimpin kemudian Gelug-Gend\u00fcn Drup (1391-1474) dan Gend\u00fcn Gyatso (1475-1571) -adalah hubungan dengan Ming China. Kedua-dua pemimpin agama ini sibuk dengan keprihatinan yang mendalam untuk berurusan dengan raja-raja Rinpungpa sekular yang kuat, yang merupakan para pelindung dan pelindung dari lamma Karma Kargyu. Para pemimpin Rinpungpa adalah saudara-saudara dari Phagmodrupa, tetapi kuasa mereka beralih dari masa ke masa dari gabenor sederhana kepada pemerintah di atas hak mereka sendiri di kawasan besar \u00dc-Tsang. Putera Rinbung menduduki Lhasa pada tahun 1498 dan dikecualikan Gelug dari menghadiri upacara dan doa Tahun Baru, peristiwa terpenting di Gelug. Walaupun tugas doa Tahun Baru di Lhasa diberikan kepada Karmapa dan lain-lain, Gend\u00fcn Gyatso mengembara di pengasingan untuk mencari sekutu. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak sampai 1518 bahawa penguasa Phagmodru sekular menawan Lhasa dari Rinbung, dan selepas itu Gelug diberi hak untuk melaksanakan doa Tahun Baru. Apabila abbot Drikung Kagyu dari Biara Drigung mengancam Lhasa pada tahun 1537, Gend\u00fcn Gyatso terpaksa meninggalkan Biara Drepung, walaupun akhirnya dia kembali. <> Siapa pemimpin Rinpungpa yang berkaitan? || Phagmodrupa <> Bilakah putera Rinbung menduduki Lhasa? || 1498 <> Apakah peristiwa paling penting bagi Gelug? || Upacara dan Doa Tahun Baru <> Bilakah Gelug diberi hak untuk melaksanakan doa Tahun Baru? || 1518", {"qas": [{"question": "Who were the Rinpungpa leaders related to?", "id": "56cdac5e62d2951400fa67f4", "answers": [{"text": "the Phagmodrupa", "answer_start": 440}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the the prince of Rinbung occupy Lhasa?", "id": "56cdac5e62d2951400fa67f6", "answers": [{"text": "1498", "answer_start": 615}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the most important event to the Gelug?", "id": "56cdac5e62d2951400fa67f7", "answers": [{"text": "New Years ceremonies and prayers", "answer_start": 658}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Gelug was given the right to conduct the New Years prayer?", "id": "56cdac5e62d2951400fa67f8", "answers": [{"text": "1518", "answer_start": 893}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Association for Asian Studies states that there is no known written evidence to suggest that later leaders of the Gelug\u2014Gend\u00fcn Drup (1391\u20131474) and Gend\u00fcn Gyatso (1475\u20131571)\u2014had any contacts with Ming China. These two religious leaders were preoccupied with an overriding concern for dealing with the powerful secular Rinpungpa princes, who were patrons and protectors of the Karma Kargyu lamas. The Rinpungpa leaders were relatives of the Phagmodrupa, yet their authority shifted over time from simple governors to rulers in their own right over large areas of \u00dc-Tsang. The prince of Rinbung occupied Lhasa in 1498 and excluded the Gelug from attending New Years ceremonies and prayers, the most important event in the Gelug. While the task of New Years prayers in Lhasa was granted to the Karmapa and others, Gend\u00fcn Gyatso traveled in exile looking for allies. However, it was not until 1518 that the secular Phagmodru ruler captured Lhasa from the Rinbung, and thereafter the Gelug was given rights to conduct the New Years prayer. When the Drikung Kagyu abbot of Drigung Monastery threatened Lhasa in 1537, Gend\u00fcn Gyatso was forced to abandon the Drepung Monastery, although he eventually returned."}], ["Maharaja Zhengde (r. 1505-1521), yang menikmati syarikat lamas di mahkamah meskipun bantahan dari penensia, telah mendengar kisah \"Buddha hidup\" yang diinginkannya menjadi tuan rumah di ibu kota Ming; ini tidak lain selain Miky\u00f6 Dorje yang disokong Rinpung, Karmapa Lama ke-8 kemudian menduduki Lhasa. Penasihat-penasihat terkemuka Zhengde membuat setiap percubaan untuk menghalangnya daripada mengundang lama ini ke mahkamah, dengan alasan bahawa Buddhisme Tibet adalah heterodoks liar dan tidak ortodoks. Walaupun protes oleh Setiausaha Agung Liang Chu, pada tahun 1515, Maharaja Zhengde menghantar pegawai kesayangannya Liu Yun dari Istana Canselor dalam misi untuk menjemput Karmapa ini ke Beijing. Liu memerintahkan sebilangan besar kapal-kapal yang diangkut di sepanjang Yangtze, memakan 2,835 g (100 oz) perak sehari dalam perbelanjaan makanan sementara ditempatkan selama setahun di Chengdu di Sichuan. Setelah menimbulkan hadiah yang diperlukan untuk misi itu, ia berangkat dengan pasukan berkuda sekitar 1,000 pasukan. Apabila permintaan dihantar, lama Karmapa enggan meninggalkan Tibet walaupun pasukan Ming dibawa memaksa dia. Karmapa melancarkan serangan hendap ke atas kem Liu Yun, merampas semua barangan dan barang berharga ketika membunuh atau mencederakan separuh keseluruhan pengiring Liu Yun. Selepas kegagalan ini, Liu melarikan diri untuk hidupnya, tetapi hanya kembali ke Chengdu beberapa tahun kemudian untuk mendapati bahawa Maharaja Zhengde telah mati. <> Bilakah pemerintahan Zhengde memerintah? || 1505-1521 <> Siapa syarikat yang mahir Zhengde menikmati? || syarikat lamas <> Siapa Karmapa Lama ke-8? || Miky\u00f6 Dorje", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Zhengde Emperor rule? ", "id": "56cdae5962d2951400fa67fe", "answers": [{"text": "1505\u20131521", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who's company did the Zhengde Emperor enjoy?", "id": "56cdae5962d2951400fa67ff", "answers": [{"text": "the company of lamas", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the 8th Karmapa Lama?", "id": "56cdae5962d2951400fa6800", "answers": [{"text": "Miky\u00f6 Dorje", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Zhengde Emperor (r. 1505\u20131521), who enjoyed the company of lamas at court despite protests from the censorate, had heard tales of a \"living Buddha\" which he desired to host at the Ming capital; this was none other than the Rinpung-supported Miky\u00f6 Dorje, 8th Karmapa Lama then occupying Lhasa. Zhengde's top advisors made every attempt to dissuade him from inviting this lama to court, arguing that Tibetan Buddhism was wildly heterodox and unorthodox. Despite protests by the Grand Secretary Liang Chu, in 1515 the Zhengde Emperor sent his eunuch official Liu Yun of the Palace Chancellery on a mission to invite this Karmapa to Beijing. Liu commanded a fleet of hundreds of ships requisitioned along the Yangtze, consuming 2,835 g (100 oz) of silver a day in food expenses while stationed for a year in Chengdu of Sichuan. After procurring necessary gifts for the mission, he departed with a cavalry force of about 1,000 troops. When the request was delivered, the Karmapa lama refused to leave Tibet despite the Ming force brought to coerce him. The Karmapa launched a surprise ambush on Liu Yun's camp, seizing all the goods and valuables while killing or wounding half of Liu Yun's entire escort. After this fiasco, Liu fled for his life, but only returned to Chengdu several years later to find that the Zhengde Emperor had died."}], ["Ahli sejarah Luciano Petech dan Sato Hisashi berhujah bahawa Ming mengekalkan dasar \"pembahagian dan pemerintahan\" terhadap Tibet yang lemah dan berpecah-belah politik selepas rezim Sakya telah jatuh. Chan menulis bahawa ini mungkin strategi yang diperhitungkan oleh Maharaja Yongle, sebagai patronase eksklusif kepada satu mazhab Tibet akan memberikannya kuasa serantau yang terlalu banyak. Sperling tidak menemui bukti teks dalam sumber Cina atau Tibet untuk menyokong tesis ini Petech dan Hisashi. Norbu menegaskan bahawa tesis mereka sebahagian besarnya berdasarkan senarai tajuk Ming yang diberikan pada lamas Tibet daripada \"analisis perbandingan perkembangan di China dan Tibet.\" Rossabi menyatakan bahawa teori ini \"mempunyai pengaruh yang terlalu banyak kepada orang Cina,\" yang menunjukkan bahawa Tibet telah terbahagi secara politik ketika dinasti Ming bermula. Rossabi juga merosakkan teori \"pembahagian dan pemerintahan\" dengan alasan percubaan gagal Maharaja Yongle untuk membina hubungan yang kuat dengan Karmapa yang kelima yang diharapkannya selari dengan hubungan sebelumnya Kublai Khan dengan lama Sakya Phagpa. Sebaliknya, Maharaja Yongle mengikuti nasihat Karmapa untuk memberikan sokongan kepada banyak lamas Tibet yang berbeza. <> Dasar apa yang Luciano Petech dan Sato Hisashi mendakwa bahawa Ming dipegang ke arah Tibet? || membahagikan-dan-aturan <> Bilakah Ming memegang polisi pembahagian dan peraturan? || selepas rejim Sakya telah jatuh <> Siapa Yongle Maharaja gagal membina hubungan yang kukuh dengan? || kelima Karmapa <> Siapa yang Yongle Maharaja memberi naungan? || pelbagai lamas Tibet", {"qas": [{"question": "What policy does Luciano Petech and Sato Hisashi claim the Ming held towards the Tibet?", "id": "56cdaa2662d2951400fa67ec", "answers": [{"text": "divide-and-rule", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Ming hold the divide and rule policy?", "id": "56cdaa2662d2951400fa67ed", "answers": [{"text": "after the Sakya regime had fallen", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Yongle Emperor fail to build a solid relationship with?", "id": "56cdaa2662d2951400fa67ee", "answers": [{"text": "fifth Karmapa", "answer_start": 952}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the Yongle Emperor give patronage to?", "id": "56cdaa2662d2951400fa67ef", "answers": [{"text": "many different Tibetan lamas", "answer_start": 1144}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Historians Luciano Petech and Sato Hisashi argue that the Ming upheld a \"divide-and-rule\" policy towards a weak and politically fragmented Tibet after the Sakya regime had fallen. Chan writes that this was perhaps the calculated strategy of the Yongle Emperor, as exclusive patronage to one Tibetan sect would have given it too much regional power. Sperling finds no textual evidence in either Chinese or Tibetan sources to support this thesis of Petech and Hisashi. Norbu asserts that their thesis is largely based on the list of Ming titles conferred on Tibetan lamas rather than \"comparative analysis of developments in China and Tibet.\" Rossabi states that this theory \"attributes too much influence to the Chinese,\" pointing out that Tibet was already politically divided when the Ming dynasty began. Rossabi also discounts the \"divide-and-rule\" theory on the grounds of the Yongle Emperor's failed attempt to build a strong relationship with the fifth Karmapa\u2014one which he hoped would parallel Kublai Khan's earlier relationship with the Sakya Phagpa lama. Instead, the Yongle Emperor followed the Karmapa's advice of giving patronage to many different Tibetan lamas."}], ["Elliot Sperling, seorang pakar kajian India dan pengarah program Pengajian Tibet di Pusat Pengajian Eurasia Pusat Indiana University, menulis bahawa \"idea bahawa Tibet menjadi sebahagian dari China pada abad ke-13 adalah pembinaan yang sangat baru-baru ini.\" Beliau menulis bahawa penulis Cina pada awal abad ke-20 berpendapat bahawa Tibet tidak dianeksasi oleh China sehingga pencerobohan dinasti Manchu Qing pada abad ke-18. Beliau juga menyatakan bahawa penulis China pada abad ke-20 menyifatkan Tibet sebagai kebergantungan feudal China, bukan sebahagian daripadanya. Sperling menyatakan bahawa ini adalah kerana \"Tibet diperintah seperti itu, di dalam empayar Mongol dan Manchus\" dan juga bahawa \"Dinasti Ming yang campur tangan China ... tidak mempunyai kawalan ke atas Tibet.\" Dia menulis bahawa hubungan Ming dengan Tibet bermasalah untuk desakan China terhadap kedaulatannya yang tidak terputus ke atas Tibet sejak abad ke-13. Bagi pandangan Tibet bahawa Tibet tidak pernah tertakluk kepada pemerintahan Maharaja Yuan atau Qing China, Sperling juga menolaknya dengan menyatakan bahawa Tibet adalah \"tertakluk kepada peraturan, undang-undang dan keputusan yang dibuat oleh penguasa Yuan dan Qing\" dan bahkan Tibet menggambarkan diri mereka sebagai subjek maharaja ini. <> Yang mengatakan Tibet bukan sebahagian daripada China? || Penulis Cina pada awal abad ke-20 <> Apakah tuntutan Sperling tidak mempunyai kawalan ke atas Tibet? || Dinasti Ming campur tangan China <> Sejak abad apa yang Sperling menggambarkan hubungan Ming dan Tibet yang menjadi masalah bagi China? || abad ke-13 <> Bilakah serangan Manchu Qing dinasti? || abad ke-18", {"qas": [{"question": "Who said Tibet  wasn't an integral part of of China?", "id": "56ce1d0caab44d1400b8845e", "answers": [{"text": "Chinese writers of the early 20th century", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Sperling claim did not have any control over Tibet?", "id": "56ce1d0caab44d1400b8845f", "answers": [{"text": "China's intervening Ming dynasty", "answer_start": 707}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Since what century has Sperling described Ming and Tibet's relation being problematic for China? ", "id": "56ce1d0caab44d1400b88460", "answers": [{"text": "the 13th century", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion?", "id": "56ce1d0caab44d1400b88461", "answers": [{"text": "the 18th century", "answer_start": 421}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Elliot Sperling, a specialist of Indian studies and the director of the Tibetan Studies program at Indiana University\u2019s Department of Central Eurasia Studies, writes that \"the idea that Tibet became part of China in the 13th century is a very recent construction.\" He writes that Chinese writers of the early 20th century were of the view that Tibet was not annexed by China until the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion during the 18th century. He also states that Chinese writers of the early 20th century described Tibet as a feudal dependency of China, not an integral part of it. Sperling states that this is because \"Tibet was ruled as such, within the empires of the Mongols and the Manchus\" and also that \"China's intervening Ming dynasty ... had no control over Tibet.\" He writes that the Ming relationship with Tibet is problematic for China\u2019s insistence of its unbroken sovereignty over Tibet since the 13th century. As for the Tibetan view that Tibet was never subject to the rule of the Yuan or Qing emperors of China, Sperling also discounts this by stating that Tibet was \"subject to rules, laws and decisions made by the Yuan and Qing rulers\" and that even Tibetans described themselves as subjects of these emperors."}], ["Rawski menulis bahawa penukaran Altan Khan ke Gelug \"boleh ditafsirkan sebagai percubaan untuk memperluas kewibawaannya dalam konflik dengan ketua nominalnya, T\u00fcmen Khan.\" Untuk mengukuhkan lagi perikatan Mongol-Tibet, cucu besar Altan Khan-Dalai Lama ke-4 (1589-1616) menjadikan Dalai Lama keempat. Pada 1642, Dalai Lama ke-5 (1617-1682) menjadi yang pertama untuk menguasai kawalan politik yang berkesan ke atas Tibet. <> Siapa yang unggul nominal Altan Khan? || T\u00fcmen Khan <> Untuk menjadikan aliansi Mongol-Tibet menjadi lebih kuat yang menjadi Dalai Lama ke-4? || cucu besar Altan Khan <> Siapa Dalai Lama yang pertama mempunyai kawalan politik ke atas Tibet? || Dalai Lama ke-5 <> Bilakah Dalai Lama ke-5 mendapat kawalan politik ke atas Tibet? || Pada tahun 1642", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was Altan Khan's nominal superior?", "id": "56ce4100aab44d1400b88612", "answers": [{"text": "T\u00fcmen Khan", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To make the Mongol-Tibetan alliance stronger who became the 4th Dalai Lama?", "id": "56ce4100aab44d1400b88613", "answers": [{"text": "the great-grandson of Altan Khan", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first Dalai Lama to have political control over Tibet?", "id": "56ce4100aab44d1400b88614", "answers": [{"text": "the 5th Dalai Lama", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the 5th Dalai Lama gain political control over Tibet?", "id": "56ce4100aab44d1400b88615", "answers": [{"text": "In 1642", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Rawski writes that Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug \"can be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with his nominal superior, T\u00fcmen Khan.\" To further cement the Mongol-Tibetan alliance, the great-grandson of Altan Khan\u2014the 4th Dalai Lama (1589\u20131616)\u2014was made the fourth Dalai Lama. In 1642, the 5th Dalai Lama (1617\u20131682) became the first to wield effective political control over Tibet."}], ["Kolma\u0161 menulis bahawa, sebagai kehadiran Mongol di Tibet meningkat, memuncak dalam penaklukan Tibet oleh pemimpin Mongol pada tahun 1642, maharaja Ming \"dilihat dengan jelas tidak mempedulikan perkembangan ini di Tibet.\" Dia menambah bahawa kekurangan perhatian Mahkamah Ming terhadap Tibet adalah salah satu sebab mengapa Mongol mengkritik peluang untuk menuntut kembali pengikut mereka yang lama Tibet dan \"mengisi sekali lagi vakum politik di negara itu.\" Mengenai penukaran besar-besaran Mongolia ke Buddhisme Tibet di bawah Altan Khan, Laird menulis bahawa \"orang Cina melihat perkembangan ini dengan minat, walaupun beberapa orang Cina pernah menjadi umat Buddha Tibet yang taat.\" <> Siapa kehadiran yang meningkat di Tibet? || orang Mongol <> Apa yang kaum Mongol cuba untuk menuntut kembali? || Tibet lama mereka Tibet <> Bilakah penaklukan Tibet mencapai puncaknya? || 1642 <> Siapa yang kurang prihatin membantu kaum Mongol melompat pada kesempatan untuk menuntut kembali pengikut mereka yang lama di Tibet? || mahkamah Ming", {"qas": [{"question": "Who's presence increased in Tibet?", "id": "56ce4821aab44d1400b88656", "answers": [{"text": "the Mongols", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the Mongols trying to reclaim?", "id": "56ce4821aab44d1400b88657", "answers": [{"text": "their old vassal of Tibet", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the conquest of Tibet reach its peak?", "id": "56ce4821aab44d1400b88658", "answers": [{"text": "1642", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who's lack of concern helped the Mongols jump at a chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet?", "id": "56ce4821aab44d1400b88659", "answers": [{"text": "the Ming court", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Kolma\u0161 writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors \"viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet.\" He adds that the Ming court's lack of concern for Tibet was one of the reasons why the Mongols pounced on the chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet and \"fill once more the political vacuum in that country.\" On the mass Mongol conversion to Tibetan Buddhism under Altan Khan, Laird writes that \"the Chinese watched these developments with interest, though few Chinese ever became devout Tibetan Buddhists.\""}], ["Chen menyatakan bahawa Dalai Lama keempat Yonten Gyatso telah diberikan gelaran \"Sarjana Vajradhara\" dan meterai rasmi oleh Maharaja Wanli pada tahun 1616. Ini disebut dalam Biografi Dalai Lama Keempat, yang menyatakan bahawa satu Soinam Lozui menyerahkan meterai Maharaja Dalai Lama. Maharaja Wanli telah menjemput Yonten Gyatso ke Beijing pada tahun 1616, tetapi seperti pendahulu beliau, dia mati sebelum dapat melakukan perjalanan. <> Apakah tajuk yang diberikan oleh Dalai Lama keempat? || Sarjana Vajradhara <> Siapakah Dalai Lama keempat? || Yonten Gyatso <> Bilakah Maharaja Wanli memberikan gelaran Sarjana Vajradhara kepada Yonten Gyatso? || 1616 <> Siapa yang Maharaja Wanli mengundang ke Beijing pada tahun 1616? || Yonten Gyatso <> Mengapa Yonten Gyatso tidak ke Beijing? || dia telah mati", {"qas": [{"question": "What title was the fourth Dalai Lama granted? ", "id": "56ce451caab44d1400b8863c", "answers": [{"text": "Master of Vajradhara", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the fourth Dalai Lama?", "id": "56ce451caab44d1400b8863d", "answers": [{"text": "Yonten Gyatso", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Wanli Emperor grant the title Master of Vajradhara to Yonten Gyatso?", "id": "56ce451caab44d1400b8863e", "answers": [{"text": "1616", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the Wanli Emperor invite to Beijing in 1616?", "id": "56ce451caab44d1400b8863f", "answers": [{"text": "Yonten Gyatso", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why didn't Yonten Gyatso make it to Beijing?", "id": "56ce451caab44d1400b88640", "answers": [{"text": "he died", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title \"Master of Vajradhara\" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of the Emperor to the Dalai Lama. The Wanli Emperor had invited Yonten Gyatso to Beijing in 1616, but just like his predecessor he died before being able to make the journey."}], ["Ketika sekutu penguasa \u00dc-Tsang mengancam pemusnahan Gelugpas lagi, Dalai Lama kelima Lozang Gyatso mengaku meminta bantuan dari putera Mongol G\u00fcshi Khan (1582-1655), pemimpin suku Khoshut (Qoshot) kaum Oirat Mongol, yang ketika itu sedang berziarah ke Lhasa. G\u00fcshi Khan menerima peranannya sebagai pelindung, dan dari 1637-1640 ia bukan sahaja mengalahkan musuh-musuh Gelugpas di wilayah Amdo dan Kham, tetapi juga menempatkan semula seluruh suku ke Amdo. Sonam Ch\u00f6pel menggesa G\u00fcshi Khan untuk menyerang rumah raja Shigatse dari \u00dc-Tsang, yang disepakati oleh G\u00fcshi Khan, mendapatkan bantuan para sami-sami dan penyokong Gelug. Pada tahun 1642, selepas pengepungan tahun Shigatse, tentera \u00dc-Tsang menyerah. G\u00fcshi Khan kemudian ditangkap dan dibunuh di Karma Tenkyong, penguasa \u00dc-Tsang, Raja Tibet. <> Siapa yang ke-5 Dalai Lama meminta bantuan? || putera Mongol G\u00fcshi Khan <> Peranan apa yang dilakukan oleh G\u00fcshi Khan? || pelindung <> Mana musuh yang kalah G\u00fcshi Khan? || Gelugpas <> Di manakah G\u00fcshi Khan menempatkan semula puaknya? || Amdo <> Bilakah tentera \u00dc-Tsang menyerah? || 1642", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did the 5th Dalai Lama beg for help from?", "id": "56ce4b8baab44d1400b8867a", "answers": [{"text": "the Mongol prince G\u00fcshi Khan", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What role did G\u00fcshi Khan take on?", "id": "56ce4b8baab44d1400b8867b", "answers": [{"text": "protector", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which enemies did G\u00fcshi Khan defeat? ", "id": "56ce4b8baab44d1400b8867c", "answers": [{"text": "the Gelugpas", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did G\u00fcshi Khan resettle his tribe?", "id": "56ce4b8baab44d1400b8867d", "answers": [{"text": "Amdo", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the  \u00dc-Tsang forces surrender?", "id": "56ce4b8baab44d1400b8867e", "answers": [{"text": "1642", "answer_start": 623}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "When an ally of the \u00dc-Tsang ruler threatened destruction of the Gelugpas again, the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso pleaded for help from the Mongol prince G\u00fcshi Khan (1582\u20131655), leader of the Khoshut (Qoshot) tribe of the Oirat Mongols, who was then on a pilgrimage to Lhasa. G\u00fcshi Khan accepted his role as protector, and from 1637\u20131640 he not only defeated the Gelugpas' enemies in the Amdo and Kham regions, but also resettled his entire tribe into Amdo. Sonam Ch\u00f6pel urged G\u00fcshi Khan to assault the \u00dc-Tsang king's homebase of Shigatse, which G\u00fcshi Khan agreed upon, enlisting the aid of Gelug monks and supporters. In 1642, after a year's siege of Shigatse, the \u00dc-Tsang forces surrendered. G\u00fcshi Khan then captured and summarily executed Karma Tenkyong, the ruler of \u00dc-Tsang, King of Tibet."}], ["Dari Dalai Lama yang ketiga, China Daily menyatakan bahawa \"dinasti Ming menunjukkan kepadanya kebaikan khusus dengan membenarkan dia membayar upeti.\" China Daily kemudian mengatakan bahawa Sonam Gyatso telah diberi gelaran Dorjichang atau Vajradhara Dalai Lama pada tahun 1587, tetapi China Daily tidak menyebut siapa yang memberinya gelaran. Tanpa menyebut peranan Mongol, China Daily menyatakan bahawa ia adalah dinasti Qing yang berturut-turut yang menubuhkan gelaran Dalai Lama dan kekuasaannya di Tibet: \"Pada tahun 1653, Maharaja Qing memberikan gelar kehormatan kepada Dalai Lama kelima dan kemudian melakukan yang sama untuk Panchen Lama kelima pada tahun 1713, secara rasmi menubuhkan gelar Dalai Lama dan Panchen Erdeni, dan status politik dan agama mereka di Tibet. \" <> Siapa yang dinasti Ming menunjukkan nikmat? || Dalai Lama yang ketiga <> Apa yang dibenarkan oleh Dalai Lama yang ketiga? || membayar penghormatan <> Gelar apa yang diberikan Sonam Gyatso pada tahun 1587? || gelaran Dorjichang atau Vajradhara Dalai Lama <> Pada tahun 1653 yang membuat gelaran Qing memberi hak kepada? || Dalai Lama kelima <> Pada tahun 1713 yang membuat gelaran Qing memberi hak kepada? || Panchen Lama kelima", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did the Ming dynasty showed favors to?", "id": "56ce43ebaab44d1400b88632", "answers": [{"text": "the third Dalai Lama", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the the third Dalai Lama allowed to do?", "id": "56ce43ebaab44d1400b88633", "answers": [{"text": "pay tribute", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What title was Sonam Gyatso granted in 1587?", "id": "56ce43ebaab44d1400b88634", "answers": [{"text": "the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1653 who did the Qing emperor grant a title to?", "id": "56ce43ebaab44d1400b88635", "answers": [{"text": "the fifth Dalai Lama", "answer_start": 525}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1713 who did the Qing emperor grant a title to?", "id": "56ce43ebaab44d1400b88636", "answers": [{"text": "the fifth Panchen Lama", "answer_start": 572}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the \"Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute.\" China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but China Daily does not mention who granted him the title. Without mentioning the role of the Mongols, China Daily states that it was the successive Qing dynasty which established the title of Dalai Lama and his power in Tibet: \"In 1653, the Qing emperor granted an honorific title to the fifth Dalai Lama and then did the same for the fifth Panchen Lama in 1713, officially establishing the titles of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Erdeni, and their political and religious status in Tibet.\""}], ["Sonam Gyatso, selepas diberi gelaran hebat oleh Altan Khan, berlepas ke Tibet. Sebelum dia pergi, dia menghantar surat dan hadiah kepada pegawai Ming Cina, Zhang Juzheng (1525-1582), yang tiba pada 12 Mac, 1579. Pada Ogos atau September tahun itu, perwakilan Sonam Gyatso yang ditempatkan dengan Altan Khan menerima pulangan surat dan hadiah dari Maharaja Wanli (r. 1572-1620), yang juga memberi gelaran kepada Sonam Gyatso; ini adalah hubungan rasmi pertama antara Dalai Lama dan kerajaan China. Walau bagaimanapun, Laird menyatakan bahawa apabila Wanli menjemputnya ke Beijing, Dalai Lama menolak tawaran itu kerana komitmen sebelumnya, walaupun dia hanya 400 km (250 batu) dari Beijing. Laird menambah bahawa \"kuasa maharaja Ming tidak sampai sangat jauh pada masa itu.\" Walaupun tidak direkodkan dalam rekod rasmi China, biografi Sonam Gyatso menyatakan bahawa Wanli kembali memperoleh gelaran Sonam Gyatso pada tahun 1588, dan menjemputnya ke Beijing untuk kali kedua, tetapi Sonam Gyatso tidak dapat melawat China ketika dia meninggal dunia pada tahun yang sama di Mongolia bekerja dengan anak lelaki Altan Khan untuk terus menyebarkan agama Buddha. <> Siapakah yang diberikan gelaran hebat? || Sonam Gyatso <> Yang memberikan Sonam Gyatso gelaran megah? || Altan Khan <> Siapa yang memberi hadiah kepada Sonam Gyatso? || Zhang Juzheng <> Siapa pegawai Ming Cina? || Zhang Juzheng <> Di mana Sonam Gyatso mati? || Mongolia", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was given the grandiose title?", "id": "56ce42afaab44d1400b88620", "answers": [{"text": "Sonam Gyatso", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who granted Sonam Gyatso the title of grandiose?", "id": "56ce42afaab44d1400b88621", "answers": [{"text": "Altan Khan", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Sonam Gyatso send gifts to?", "id": "56ce42afaab44d1400b88622", "answers": [{"text": "Zhang Juzheng", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Ming Chinese official?", "id": "56ce42afaab44d1400b88623", "answers": [{"text": "Zhang Juzheng", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Sonam Gyatso die?", "id": "56ce42afaab44d1400b88624", "answers": [{"text": "Mongolia", "answer_start": 1050}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Sonam Gyatso, after being granted the grandiose title by Altan Khan, departed for Tibet. Before he left, he sent a letter and gifts to the Ming Chinese official Zhang Juzheng (1525\u20131582), which arrived on March 12, 1579. Sometime in August or September of that year, Sonam Gyatso's representative stationed with Altan Khan received a return letter and gift from the Wanli Emperor (r. 1572\u20131620), who also conferred upon Sonam Gyatso a title; this was the first official contact between a Dalai Lama and a government of China. However, Laird states that when Wanli invited him to Beijing, the Dalai Lama declined the offer due to a prior commitment, even though he was only 400 km (250 mi) from Beijing. Laird adds that \"the power of the Ming emperor did not reach very far at the time.\" Although not recorded in any official Chinese records, Sonam Gyatso's biography states that Wanli again conferred titles on Sonam Gyatso in 1588, and invited him to Beijing for a second time, but Sonam Gyatso was unable to visit China as he died the same year in Mongolia working with Altan Khan's son to further the spread of Buddhism."}], ["Laird menulis bahawa Altan Khan menghapuskan amalan Mongol yang asli dari shamanisme dan pengorbanan darah, sementara para putera dan subjek Mongol dipaksakan oleh Altan untuk menukar agama Buddha Gelug-atau menghadapi eksekusi jika mereka bertahan dalam cara shamanistik mereka. Berkomitmen kepada pemimpin agama mereka, para putera Mongol mulai meminta Dalai Lama untuk memberikan gelaran kepada mereka, yang menunjukkan \"perpaduan yang unik dari kekuatan agama dan politik\" yang dikuasai oleh Dalai Lama, seperti yang ditulis Laird. Kolma\u0161 menyatakan bahawa persekutuan rohani dan sekular Mongol-Tibet pada abad ke-13 diperbaharui oleh persekutuan ini yang dibina oleh Altan Khan dan S\u00f6nam Gyatso. Van Praag menulis bahawa ini telah memulihkan perlindungan Mongol yang asli dari sebuah lama Tibet dan \"hingga ke hari ini, orang Mongol adalah antara pengikut yang paling taat dari Gelugpa dan Dalai Lama.\" Angela F. Howard menulis bahawa hubungan unik ini bukan sahaja menyediakan Dalai Lama dan Panchen Lama dengan kuasa agama dan politik di Tibet, tetapi Altan Khan memperoleh \"kuasa besar di kalangan penduduk Mongol keseluruhan.\" <> Amalan apa yang dilakukan oleh Altan Khan? || amalan Mongol asli dari shamanisme dan korban darah <> Siapa yang Altan Khan memujuk untuk menukar ke Buddhisme Gelug? || putera dan subjek Mongol <> Apa yang Altan Khan mengancam para putera dan subjek Mongol dengan jika mereka tidak menukar? || pelaksanaan <> Siapa putera Mongol meminta untuk memberi mereka gelaran? || Dalai Lama <> Mengapa para putera Mongol meminta gelar? || Komited kepada pemimpin agama mereka", {"qas": [{"question": "What practice did Altan Khan put to an end?", "id": "56ce3ed1aab44d1400b885fe", "answers": [{"text": "the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Altan Khan persuade to convert to Gelug Buddhism?", "id": "56ce3ed1aab44d1400b885ff", "answers": [{"text": "the Mongol princes and subjects", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Altan Khan threaten the Mongol princes and subjects with if they did not convert?", "id": "56ce3ed1aab44d1400b88600", "answers": [{"text": "execution", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the Mongol princes ask to grant them titles?", "id": "56ce3ed1aab44d1400b88601", "answers": [{"text": "the Dalai Lama", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did the Mongol princes ask for titles?", "id": "56ce3ed1aab44d1400b88602", "answers": [{"text": "Committed to their religious leader", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Laird writes that Altan Khan abolished the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice, while the Mongol princes and subjects were coerced by Altan to convert to Gelug Buddhism\u2014or face execution if they persisted in their shamanistic ways. Committed to their religious leader, Mongol princes began requesting the Dalai Lama to bestow titles on them, which demonstrated \"the unique fusion of religious and political power\" wielded by the Dalai Lama, as Laird writes. Kolma\u0161 states that the spiritual and secular Mongol-Tibetan alliance of the 13th century was renewed by this alliance constructed by Altan Khan and S\u00f6nam Gyatso. Van Praag writes that this restored the original Mongol patronage of a Tibetan lama and \"to this day, Mongolians are among the most devout followers of the Gelugpa and the Dalai Lama.\" Angela F. Howard writes that this unique relationship not only provided the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama with religious and political authority in Tibet, but that Altan Khan gained \"enormous power among the entire Mongol population.\""}], ["Sementara itu, Mongol Tumed mula bergerak ke rantau Kokonor (Qinghai moden), menyerang perbatasan Ming China dan juga sejauh pinggiran Beijing di bawah Altan Khan (1507-1582). Klieger menulis bahawa kehadiran Altan Khan di barat berkesan mengurangkan pengaruh Ming dan hubungan dengan Tibet. Selepas Altan Khan membuat perdamaian dengan dinasti Ming pada tahun 1571, beliau menjemput ketua ketiga Gelug-S\u00f6nam Gyatso (1543-1588) untuk berjumpa dengannya di Amdo (Qinghai moden) pada tahun 1578, di mana dia secara tidak sengaja menganugerahkannya dan dua pendahulunya dengan gelaran Dalai Lama- \"Guru Laut\". Judul penuh ialah \"Dalai Lama Vajradhara\", \"Vajradhara\" yang bermaksud \"Pemegang Tebaran\" dalam Sanskrit. Victoria Huckenpahler mencatatkan bahawa Vajradhara dianggap oleh Buddha sebagai Buddha pertama yang mempunyai sifat-sifat yang tidak terbatas dan menyeluruh, yang \"mewakili aspek utama pencerahan.\" Goldstein menulis bahawa S\u00f6nam Gyatso juga meningkatkan kedudukan Altan Khan dengan memberinya gelaran \"raja agama, keagungan megah\". Rawski menulis bahawa Dalai Lama mengiktiraf secara rasmi Altan Khan sebagai \"Pelindung Kepercayaan\". <> Rantau apa kaum Mongol Tumed? || rantau Kokonor <> Yang mana sempadan melakukan serbuan Mongol Tumed? || sempadan Cina Ming <> Kehadiran Altan Khan di barat mengurangkan pengaruh whos? || Ming <> Ketika Altan Khan membuat perdamaian dengan dinasti Ming? || 1571 <> Siapa yang Altan Khan menjemput untuk berjumpa dengannya di Amdo? || hierarki ketiga Gelug-S\u00f6nam Gyatso", {"qas": [{"question": "What region did the Tumed Mongols move into?", "id": "56ce3d3aaab44d1400b885ea", "answers": [{"text": "the Kokonor region", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which frontier did the Tumed Mongols raid?", "id": "56ce3d3aaab44d1400b885eb", "answers": [{"text": "the Ming Chinese frontier", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The presence of the Altan Khan in the west reduced whos influence? ", "id": "56ce3d3aaab44d1400b885ec", "answers": [{"text": "the Ming", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Altan Khan make peace with the Ming dynasty?", "id": "56ce3d3aaab44d1400b885ed", "answers": [{"text": "1571", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Altan Khan invite to meet him in Amdo?", "id": "56ce3d3aaab44d1400b885ee", "answers": [{"text": "the third hierarch of the Gelug\u2014S\u00f6nam Gyatso", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Meanwhile, the Tumed Mongols began moving into the Kokonor region (modern Qinghai), raiding the Ming Chinese frontier and even as far as the suburbs of Beijing under Altan Khan (1507\u20131582). Klieger writes that Altan Khan's presence in the west effectively reduced Ming influence and contact with Tibet. After Altan Khan made peace with the Ming dynasty in 1571, he invited the third hierarch of the Gelug\u2014S\u00f6nam Gyatso (1543\u20131588)\u2014to meet him in Amdo (modern Qinghai) in 1578, where he accidentally bestowed him and his two predecessors with the title of Dalai Lama\u2014\"Ocean Teacher\". The full title was \"Dalai Lama Vajradhara\", \"Vajradhara\" meaning \"Holder of the Thunderbolt\" in Sanskrit. Victoria Huckenpahler notes that Vajradhara is considered by Buddhists to be the primordial Buddha of limitless and all-pervasive beneficial qualities, a being that \"represents the ultimate aspect of enlightenment.\" Goldstein writes that S\u00f6nam Gyatso also enhanced Altan Khan's standing by granting him the title \"king of religion, majestic purity\". Rawski writes that the Dalai Lama officially recognized Altan Khan as the \"Protector of the Faith\"."}], ["Tidak lama selepas kemenangan di \u00dc-Tsang, G\u00fcshi Khan menganjurkan majlis mengalu-alukan untuk Lozang Gyatso sebaik sahaja dia tiba satu hari perjalanan dari Shigatse, menyampaikan penaklukan Tibet sebagai hadiah kepada Dalai Lama. Dalam upacara kedua yang diadakan di dalam dewan utama kubu Shigatse, G\u00fcshi Khan memeluk Dalai Lama sebagai penguasa Tibet, tetapi memberikan kuasa pemerintahan yang sebenarnya kepada bupati Sonam Ch\u00f6pel. Walaupun G\u00fcshi Khan telah memberikan Dalai Lama \"kuasa tertinggi\" seperti yang ditulis Goldstein, gelaran 'Raja Tibet' diberikan kepada G\u00fcshi Khan, menghabiskan musim panasnya di padang rumput utara Lhasa dan menduduki Lhasa setiap musim sejuk. Van Praag menulis bahawa pada masa ini G\u00fcshi Khan mengekalkan kawalan ke atas angkatan tentera, tetapi menerima statusnya yang rendah ke arah Dalai Lama. Rawski menulis bahawa Dalai Lama berkongsi kuasa dengan bupati dan G\u00fcshi Khan semasa pemerintahan sekular dan agama awalnya. Walau bagaimanapun, Rawski menyatakan bahawa dia akhirnya \"memperluas kuasa sendiri dengan mempersembahkan dirinya sebagai Avalokite\u015bvara melalui persembahan ritual,\" dengan membina Istana Potala dan struktur lain di tapak agama tradisional, dan dengan menekankan penjelmaan semula keturunan melalui biografi bertulis. Goldstein menyatakan bahawa kerajaan G\u00fcshi Khan dan Dalai Lama menganiaya mazhab Karma Kagyu, merampas kekayaan dan harta benda mereka, dan bahkan menukar biara mereka ke biara Gelug. Rawski menulis bahawa perlindungan Mongol ini membolehkan Gelugpas menguasai mazhab-mazhab agama di Tibet. <> Siapa yang membuat G\u00fcshi Khan menganjurkan majlis selamat datang? || Lozang Gyatso <> Apa yang G\u00fcshi Khan hadir sebagai hadiah kepada Dalai Lama? || penaklukannya terhadap Tibet <> Siapa yang membuat G\u00fcshi Khan memimpikan penguasa Tibet? || Dalai Lama <> Siapa yang G\u00fcshi Khan memberi kuasa kepada pemerintah? || bupati Sonam Ch\u00f6pel <> Gelaran 'Raja Tibet milik siapa? || G\u00fcshi Khan", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did G\u00fcshi Khan organize a welcome ceremony for?", "id": "56ce4d2baab44d1400b8868e", "answers": [{"text": "Lozang Gyatso", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did G\u00fcshi Khan present as a gift to the Dalai Lama?", "id": "56ce4d2baab44d1400b8868f", "answers": [{"text": "his conquest of Tibet", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did G\u00fcshi Khan enthrone the ruler of Tibet?", "id": "56ce4d2baab44d1400b88690", "answers": [{"text": "the Dalai Lama", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did G\u00fcshi Khan grant the governing authority to?", "id": "56ce4d2baab44d1400b88691", "answers": [{"text": "the regent Sonam Ch\u00f6pel", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The title of 'King of Tibet belonged to whom?", "id": "56ce4d2baab44d1400b88692", "answers": [{"text": "G\u00fcshi Khan", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Soon after the victory in \u00dc-Tsang, G\u00fcshi Khan organized a welcoming ceremony for Lozang Gyatso once he arrived a day's ride from Shigatse, presenting his conquest of Tibet as a gift to the Dalai Lama. In a second ceremony held within the main hall of the Shigatse fortress, G\u00fcshi Khan enthroned the Dalai Lama as the ruler of Tibet, but conferred the actual governing authority to the regent Sonam Ch\u00f6pel. Although G\u00fcshi Khan had granted the Dalai Lama \"supreme authority\" as Goldstein writes, the title of 'King of Tibet' was conferred upon G\u00fcshi Khan, spending his summers in pastures north of Lhasa and occupying Lhasa each winter. Van Praag writes that at this point G\u00fcshi Khan maintained control over the armed forces, but accepted his inferior status towards the Dalai Lama. Rawski writes that the Dalai Lama shared power with his regent and G\u00fcshi Khan during his early secular and religious reign. However, Rawski states that he eventually \"expanded his own authority by presenting himself as Avalokite\u015bvara through the performance of rituals,\" by building the Potala Palace and other structures on traditional religious sites, and by emphasizing lineage reincarnation through written biographies. Goldstein states that the government of G\u00fcshi Khan and the Dalai Lama persecuted the Karma Kagyu sect, confiscated their wealth and property, and even converted their monasteries into Gelug monasteries. Rawski writes that this Mongol patronage allowed the Gelugpas to dominate the rival religious sects in Tibet."}], ["Pada tahun 1565, putera Rinbung yang kuat telah digulingkan oleh salah seorang menteri mereka sendiri, Karma Tseten yang menggelar dirinya sebagai Tsangpa, \"salah seorang Tsang\", dan menubuhkan pangkalannya di Shigatse. Pengganti kedua Raja Tsang yang pertama, Karma Phuntsok Namgyal, menguasai seluruh Tibet Tengah (\u00dc-Tsang), memerintah dari 1611-1621. Walaupun demikian, para pemimpin Lhasa masih mendakwa kesetiaan mereka kepada Phagmodru serta Gelug, sementara raja \u00dc-Tsang bersekutu dengan Karmapa. Ketegangan meningkat antara pemerintah \u00dc-Tsang dan Mongol yang menjaga Mongol Dalai Lama di Lhasa. Dalai Lama yang keempat enggan memberi penonton kepada raja \u00dc-Tsang, yang memicu konflik ketika mereka mula menyerang biara Gelug. Chen menulis spekulasi mengenai kematian misterius Dalai Lama keempat dan plot raja \u00dc-Tsang untuk membunuhnya kerana \"mengutuk\" dia dengan penyakit, walaupun Chen menulis bahawa pembunuhan itu kemungkinan besar adalah hasil perjuangan kuasa feudal. Pada tahun 1618, hanya dua tahun selepas kematian Yonten Gyatso, Gelug dan Karma Kargyu pergi berperang, Karma Kargyu disokong oleh raja \u00dc-Tsang sekular. Penguasa \u00dc-Tsang mempunyai sejumlah besar puak Gelugpa yang dibunuh, menduduki biara mereka di Drepung dan Sera, dan mengharamkan percubaan untuk mencari Dalai Lama yang lain. Pada tahun 1621, raja \u00dc-Tsang meninggal dan digantikan oleh anak mudanya, Karma Tenkyong, satu peristiwa yang menepis usaha perang ketika ia menerima Lozang Gyatso yang berusia enam tahun sebagai Dalai Lama yang baru. Walaupun usaha diplomatik Dalai Lama yang baru untuk mengekalkan hubungan persahabatan dengan penguasa \u00dc-Tsang baru, Sonam Rapten (1595-1657), ketua utama dan bendahara Dalai Lama di Drepung, berusaha untuk menggulingkan raja \u00dc-Tsang, yang menyebabkan konflik yang lain. Pada 1633, Gelugpas dan beberapa ribu pengikut Mongol mengalahkan tentera raja \u00dc-Tsang berhampiran Lhasa sebelum perundingan damai diselesaikan. Goldstein menulis bahawa dalam hal ini \"Mongol lagi memainkan peranan penting dalam urusan Tibet, kali ini sebagai lengan tentera Dalai Lama.\" <> Bilakah raja-raja Rinbung dibuang? || 1565 <> Yang menguasai keseluruhan Tibet Tengah? || Karma Phuntsok Namgyal <> Karma Phuntsok Namgyal pernah memerintah? || 1611-1621 <> Siapa raja \u00dc-Tsang mempunyai persekutuan? || yang Karmapa yang menolak penonton dengan raja \u00dc-Tsang? || Dalai Lama keempat", {"qas": [{"question": "When were the Rinbung princes overthrown?", "id": "56ce4a58aab44d1400b88668", "answers": [{"text": "1565", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who took control of the whole of Central Tibet?", "id": "56ce4a58aab44d1400b88669", "answers": [{"text": "Karma Phuntsok Namgyal", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Karma Phuntsok Namgyal reign?", "id": "56ce4a58aab44d1400b8866a", "answers": [{"text": "1611\u20131621", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did \u00dc-Tsang king have an alliance with?", "id": "56ce4a58aab44d1400b8866b", "answers": [{"text": "the Karmapa", "answer_start": 490}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who refused an audience with the \u00dc-Tsang king?", "id": "56ce4a58aab44d1400b8866c", "answers": [{"text": "The fourth Dalai Lama", "answer_start": 623}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1565, the powerful Rinbung princes were overthrown by one of their own ministers, Karma Tseten who styled himself as the Tsangpa, \"the one of Tsang\", and established his base of power at Shigatse. The second successor of this first Tsang king, Karma Phuntsok Namgyal, took control of the whole of Central Tibet (\u00dc-Tsang), reigning from 1611\u20131621. Despite this, the leaders of Lhasa still claimed their allegiance to the Phagmodru as well as the Gelug, while the \u00dc-Tsang king allied with the Karmapa. Tensions rose between the nationalistic \u00dc-Tsang ruler and the Mongols who safeguarded their Mongol Dalai Lama in Lhasa. The fourth Dalai Lama refused to give an audience to the \u00dc-Tsang king, which sparked a conflict as the latter began assaulting Gelug monasteries. Chen writes of the speculation over the fourth Dalai Lama's mysterious death and the plot of the \u00dc-Tsang king to have him murdered for \"cursing\" him with illness, although Chen writes that the murder was most likely the result of a feudal power struggle. In 1618, only two years after Yonten Gyatso died, the Gelug and the Karma Kargyu went to war, the Karma Kargyu supported by the secular \u00dc-Tsang king. The \u00dc-Tsang ruler had a large number of Gelugpa lamas killed, occupied their monasteries at Drepung and Sera, and outlawed any attempts to find another Dalai Lama. In 1621, the \u00dc-Tsang king died and was succeeded by his young son Karma Tenkyong, an event which stymied the war effort as the latter accepted the six-year-old Lozang Gyatso as the new Dalai Lama. Despite the new Dalai Lama's diplomatic efforts to maintain friendly relations with the new \u00dc-Tsang ruler, Sonam Rapten (1595\u20131657), the Dalai Lama's chief steward and treasurer at Drepung, made efforts to overthrow the \u00dc-Tsang king, which led to another conflict. In 1633, the Gelugpas and several thousand Mongol adherents defeated the \u00dc-Tsang king's troops near Lhasa before a peaceful negotiation was settled. Goldstein writes that in this the \"Mongols were again playing a significant role in Tibetan affairs, this time as the military arm of the Dalai Lama.\""}], ["Apabila Dzungar Mongol cuba untuk menyebarkan wilayah mereka dari apa yang sekarang menjadi Xinjiang ke Tibet, Maharaja Kangxi (r 1661-1722) bertindak balas terhadap permintaan Tibet untuk bantuan ekspedisinya sendiri ke Tibet, menduduki Lhasa pada tahun 1720. Menjelang 1751, semasa pemerintahan Maharaja Qianlong (r 1735-1796), sebuah garrison Dinasti Qing yang dilindungi dan tetap ditubuhkan di Tibet. Sehingga 1751, Albert Kolb menulis bahawa \"tuntutan Cina untuk menguasai wilayah Tibet dari masa ini.\" <> Siapa yang cuba menyebarkan wilayah mereka ke Tibet? || Dzungar Mongols <> Yang membantu Tibet? || Maharaja Kangxi <> Bilakah Maharaja Kangxi menduduki Lhasa? || 1720 <> Bilakah garnisun dinasti Qing ditubuhkan di Tibet? || 1751 <> Bilakah Maharaja Qianlong memerintah? || 1735-1796", {"qas": [{"question": "Who tried to spread their territory into Tibet?", "id": "56ce5125aab44d1400b886ac", "answers": [{"text": "the Dzungar Mongols", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who helped the Tibetan? ", "id": "56ce5125aab44d1400b886ad", "answers": [{"text": "the Kangxi Emperor", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Kangxi Emperor occupy Lhasa?", "id": "56ce5125aab44d1400b886ae", "answers": [{"text": "1720", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was The Qing dynasty garrison established in Tibet?", "id": "56ce5125aab44d1400b886af", "answers": [{"text": "1751", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Qianlong Emperor reign? ", "id": "56ce5125aab44d1400b886b0", "answers": [{"text": "1735\u20131796", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "When the Dzungar Mongols attempted to spread their territory from what is now Xinjiang into Tibet, the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661\u20131722) responded to Tibetan pleas for aid with his own expedition to Tibet, occupying Lhasa in 1720. By 1751, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735\u20131796), a protectorate and permanent Qing dynasty garrison was established in Tibet. As of 1751, Albert Kolb writes that \"Chinese claims to suzerainty over Tibet date from this time.\""}], ["Sementara itu, dinasti Ming China jatuh ke pemberontakan Li Zicheng (1606-1645) pada tahun 1644, namun dinasti Shun yang pendeknya dihancurkan oleh pencerobohan Manchu dan jeneral Han Cina Wu Sangui (1612-1678). Harian China menyatakan bahawa apabila Dinasti Qing berikut menggantikan dinasti Ming, ia hanya \"menguatkan pentadbiran Tibet.\" Walau bagaimanapun, Kolma\u0161 menyatakan bahawa Dalai Lama sangat memerhatikan apa yang sedang berlaku di China dan menerima undangan Manchu pada tahun 1640 untuk menghantar utusan ke ibukota mereka di Mukden pada tahun 1642, sebelum Ming runtuh. Dawa Norbu, William Rockhill, dan George N. Patterson menulis bahawa apabila Maharaja Shunzhi (tahun 1644-1661) Dinasti Qing yang berikutnya mengundang Dalai Lama ke Lozang Gyatso kelima ke Beijing pada tahun 1652, Shunzhi merawat Dalai Lama sebagai raja yang merdeka Tibet. Patterson menulis bahawa ini adalah usaha Shunzhi untuk menjamin perikatan dengan Tibet yang pada akhirnya akan membawa kepada penubuhan pemerintahan Manchu di Mongolia. Dalam pertemuan ini dengan Maharaja Qing, Goldstein menegaskan bahawa Dalai Lama bukanlah orang yang dikecam kerana hubungannya dengan puak Mongol, beberapa di antaranya telah diisytiharkan musuh-musuh Qing. Van Praag menyatakan bahawa Tibet dan kuasa Dalai Lama diiktiraf oleh \"Maharaja Manchu, Khans dan Putera Mongolia, dan para pemimpin Ladakh, Nepal, India, Bhutan, dan Sikkim.\" <> Siapa yang dinasti Ming China jatuh ke? || pemberontakan Li Zicheng <> Menurut Kolma\u0161 yang menerima undangan dari Manchu untuk menghantar utusan ke ibukota di Mukden? || Dalai Lama <> Siapa yang dikatakan telah merawat Dalai Lama sebagai raja yang berdikari dari Tibet? || Shunzhi", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did the the Chinese Ming dynasty fall to?", "id": "56ce4f64aab44d1400b886a2", "answers": [{"text": "the rebellion of Li Zicheng", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to Kolma\u0161 who accepted an invite from a Manchu to send envoys to the capital at Mukden?", "id": "56ce4f64aab44d1400b886a5", "answers": [{"text": "the Dalai Lama", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was said to have treated the Dalai Lama as an independent sovereign of Tibet?", "id": "56ce4f64aab44d1400b886a6", "answers": [{"text": "Shunzhi", "answer_start": 630}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Meanwhile, the Chinese Ming dynasty fell to the rebellion of Li Zicheng (1606\u20131645) in 1644, yet his short-lived Shun dynasty was crushed by the Manchu invasion and the Han Chinese general Wu Sangui (1612\u20131678). China Daily states that when the following Qing dynasty replaced the Ming dynasty, it merely \"strengthened administration of Tibet.\" However, Kolma\u0161 states that the Dalai Lama was very observant of what was going on in China and accepted a Manchu invitation in 1640 to send envoys to their capital at Mukden in 1642, before the Ming collapsed. Dawa Norbu, William Rockhill, and George N. Patterson write that when the Shunzhi Emperor (r. 1644\u20131661) of the subsequent Qing dynasty invited the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso to Beijing in 1652, Shunzhi treated the Dalai Lama as an independent sovereign of Tibet. Patterson writes that this was an effort of Shunzhi to secure an alliance with Tibet that would ultimately lead to the establishment of Manchu rule over Mongolia. In this meeting with the Qing emperor, Goldstein asserts that the Dalai Lama was not someone to be trifled with due to his alliance with Mongol tribes, some of which were declared enemies of the Qing. Van Praag states that Tibet and the Dalai Lama's power was recognized by the \"Manchu Emperor, the Mongolian Khans and Princes, and the rulers of Ladakh, Nepal, India, Bhutan, and Sikkim.\""}]], [["Perisian iTunes Apple (dan perisian alternatif lain) boleh digunakan untuk memindahkan muzik, foto, video, permainan, maklumat hubungan, tetapan e-mel, penanda halaman web dan kalendar, kepada peranti yang menyokong ciri-ciri ini dari komputer menggunakan versi tertentu Apple Macintosh dan sistem operasi Microsoft Windows. <> Apakah program Apple digunakan untuk berkomunikasi antara komputer dan peranti mudah alih? || iTunes <> Sistem pengendalian mana yang bersesuaian dengan iTunes? || Apple Macintosh dan Microsoft Windows <> Apakah nama perisian yang digunakan untuk menguruskan muzik dan media lain pada peranti Apple? || iTunes", {"qas": [{"question": "What Apple program is used to communicate between computers and portable devices?", "id": "56cc56856d243a140015ef1e", "answers": [{"text": "iTunes", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which operating systems are compatible with iTunes?", "id": "56cc56856d243a140015ef1f", "answers": [{"text": "Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the name of the software used to manage music and other media on Apple devices?", "id": "56ce732faab44d1400b8879f", "answers": [{"text": "iTunes", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars, to the devices supporting these features from computers using certain versions of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows operating systems."}], ["Seperti pemain muzik digital lain, iPod boleh berfungsi sebagai peranti penyimpanan data luaran. Kapasiti penyimpanan berbeza-beza mengikut model, dari 2 GB untuk iPod Shuffle hingga 128 GB untuk iPod Touch (sebelum ini 160 GB untuk iPod Classic, yang kini dihentikan). <> Selain bermain muzik, apa fungsi lain yang boleh dilakukan oleh iPod? || penyimpanan data <> Apakah kapasiti data terkecil bagi produk iPod? || 2 GB <> Apakah kapasiti data terbesar untuk produk iPod? || 128 GB <> Produk iPod mana yang mempunyai kapasiti penyimpanan data yang paling kecil? || iPod Shuffle <> Produk iPod mana yang terkini mempunyai kapasiti penyimpanan data yang terbesar? || iPod Touch <> Apakah kapasiti storan iPod Shuffle? || 2 GB <> Apakah kapasiti storan untuk iPod Touch? || 128 GB", {"qas": [{"question": "In addition to playing music, what other function can the iPod perform?", "id": "56cc55fa6d243a140015ef14", "answers": [{"text": "data storage", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the smallest data capacity for an iPod product?", "id": "56cc55fa6d243a140015ef15", "answers": [{"text": "2 GB", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the largest data capacity for an iPod product?", "id": "56cc55fa6d243a140015ef16", "answers": [{"text": "128 GB", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which iPod product features the smallest data storage capacity?", "id": "56cc55fa6d243a140015ef17", "answers": [{"text": "iPod Shuffle", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which current iPod product features the largest data storage capacity?", "id": "56cc55fa6d243a140015ef18", "answers": [{"text": "iPod Touch", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle?", "id": "56ce72ecaab44d1400b8879b", "answers": [{"text": "2 GB", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the storage capacity for the iPod Touch?", "id": "56ce72ecaab44d1400b8879c", "answers": [{"text": "128 GB", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued)."}], ["Pada tahun 2006 Apple menyampaikan edisi khas untuk iPod 5G band rock Ireland U2. Seperti pendahulunya, iPod ini telah mengukir tandatangan empat anggota kumpulan itu di belakangnya, tetapi yang pertama kali syarikat itu menukar warna logam (bukan perak tetapi hitam). IPod ini hanya boleh didapati dengan kapasiti storan 30GB. Edisi khas berhak pembeli ke video eksklusif dengan 33 minit temuduga dan prestasi oleh U2, boleh dimuat turun dari iTunes Store. <> Pada tahun apakah edisi khas iPod dihasilkan? || 2006 <> Untuk apa kumpulan muzik adalah edisi khas iPod pertama dibuat? || U2 <> Warna apa logam pada versi U2 iPod? || hitam <> Apakah jenis media yang disertakan dengan pembelian versi U2 iPod? || video <> Daripada band apa yang dilakukan Apple hadir edisi khas iPod 5G? || U2 <> Warna apa itu model iPod U2 khas? || hitam <> Dalam tahun apakah epal melepaskan model U2 khas iPod? || 2006", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was a special edition of the iPod produced?", "id": "56cc60a36d243a140015ef64", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what musical group was a special edition of the iPod first made?", "id": "56cc60a36d243a140015ef65", "answers": [{"text": "U2", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What color was the metal on the U2 version of the iPod?", "id": "56cc60a36d243a140015ef66", "answers": [{"text": "black", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of media was included with purchase of the U2 version of the iPod?", "id": "56cc60a36d243a140015ef67", "answers": [{"text": "video", "answer_start": 398}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of what band did Apple present a special edition iPod 5G?", "id": "56ce792caab44d1400b887d7", "answers": [{"text": "U2", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What color was the special U2 iPod model?", "id": "56ce792caab44d1400b887d8", "answers": [{"text": "black", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did apple release the special U2 model of the iPod?", "id": "56ce792caab44d1400b887d9", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2006 Apple presented a special edition for iPod 5G of Irish rock band U2. Like its predecessor, this iPod has engraved the signatures of the four members of the band on its back, but this one was the first time the company changed the colour of the metal (not silver but black). This iPod was only available with 30GB of storage capacity. The special edition entitled purchasers to an exclusive video with 33 minutes of interviews and performance by U2, downloadable from the iTunes Store."}], ["Pada pertengahan 2015, model baru iPod Touch diumumkan oleh Apple, dan secara rasminya dikeluarkan di kedai Apple pada 15 Julai 2015. iPod Touch generasi keenam termasuk pelbagai jenis penambahbaikan spec seperti pemproses A8 yang dinaik taraf dan skrin berkualiti tinggi. Inti adalah lebih dari 5 kali lebih cepat daripada model sebelumnya dan dibina untuk hampir setaraf dengan iPhone 5S. Ia boleh didapati dalam 5 warna berbeza: Ruang kelabu, merah jambu, emas, perak dan Produk (merah). <> Apa model pemproses yang digunakan dalam iPod Touch? || A8 <> Generasi iPod Touch mana yang dibuat availalbe pada bulan Julai 2015? || keenam <> Apakah generasi terbaru iPod Touch? || Keenam <> Pada tahun apakah yang terbaru dikeluarkan oleh iPod Touch? || 2015 <> Jenis pemproses apa yang digunakan oleh iPod Touch semasa? || A8 <> Dalam berapa banyak warna yang terdapat iPod Touch semasa? || 5", {"qas": [{"question": "What processor model is used in the iPod Touch?", "id": "56cc58436d243a140015ef2a", "answers": [{"text": "A8", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which generation of iPod Touch was made availalbe in July of 2015?", "id": "56cc58436d243a140015ef2c", "answers": [{"text": "sixth", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the most recent generation of iPod Touch?", "id": "56ce750daab44d1400b887b1", "answers": [{"text": "sixth", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the most recent iPod Touch released?", "id": "56ce750daab44d1400b887b2", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of processor does the current iPod Touch use?", "id": "56ce750daab44d1400b887b3", "answers": [{"text": "A8", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In how many colors is the current iPod Touch available?", "id": "56ce750daab44d1400b887b4", "answers": [{"text": "5", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In mid-2015, a new model of the iPod Touch was announced by Apple, and was officially released on the Apple store on July 15, 2015. The sixth generation iPod Touch includes a wide variety of spec improvements such as the upgraded A8 processor and higher-quality screen. The core is over 5 times faster than previous models and is built to be roughly on par with the iPhone 5S. It is available in 5 different colors: Space grey, pink, gold, silver and Product (red)."}], ["IPod adalah barisan pemain media mudah alih dan komputer saku pelbagai guna yang direka dan dipasarkan oleh Apple Inc. Baris pertama dikeluarkan pada 23 Oktober 2001, kira-kira 8\u00bd bulan selepas iTunes (versi Macintosh) dibebaskan. Reka bentuk semula iPod yang paling baru-baru ini diumumkan pada 15 Julai 2015. Terdapat tiga versi semasa iPod: iPod Shuffle ultra-kompak, iPod Nano yang padat dan sentuhan iPod Touch. <> Syarikat mana yang menghasilkan iPod? || Apple <> Bilakah iPod asal dikeluarkan? || 23 Oktober 2001 <> Berapa banyak jenis iPod yang tersedia pada masa ini? || tiga <> jenis peranti apa iPod? || pemain media mudah alih <> iPod Touch menggunakan antara muka jenis apa? || touchscreen <> Dalam tahun apakah iPod pertama dibebaskan? || 2001 <> Syarikat apa yang mengeluarkan iPod? || Apple <> Berapa banyak versi iPod yang ada sekarang? || 3 <> Mana yang terkecil dari iPod? || Shuffle <> Pada tahun apakah iPod baru-baru ini telah direka semula? || 2015", {"qas": [{"question": "Which company produces the iPod?", "id": "56cc55856d243a140015ef0a", "answers": [{"text": "Apple", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the original iPod released?", "id": "56cc55856d243a140015ef0b", "answers": [{"text": "October 23, 2001", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many different types of iPod are currently available?", "id": "56cc55856d243a140015ef0c", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of device is the iPod?", "id": "56cc55856d243a140015ef0d", "answers": [{"text": "portable media players", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The iPod Touch uses what kind of interface?", "id": "56cc55856d243a140015ef0e", "answers": [{"text": "touchscreen", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the first iPod released?", "id": "56ce726faab44d1400b88791", "answers": [{"text": "2001", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company manufactures the iPod?", "id": "56ce726faab44d1400b88792", "answers": [{"text": "Apple", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many versions of the iPod currently exist?", "id": "56ce726faab44d1400b88793", "answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which is the smallest version of the iPod?", "id": "56ce726faab44d1400b88794", "answers": [{"text": "Shuffle", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the iPod most recently redesigned?", "id": "56ce726faab44d1400b88795", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first line was released on October 23, 2001, about 8\u00bd months after iTunes (Macintosh version) was released. The most recent iPod redesigns were announced on July 15, 2015. There are three current versions of the iPod: the ultra-compact iPod Shuffle, the compact iPod Nano and the touchscreen iPod Touch."}], ["Sebelum pembebasan iOS 5, penjenamaan iPod digunakan untuk pemain media yang disertakan dengan iPhone dan iPad, gabungan aplikasi Muzik dan Video pada iPod Touch. Sehingga iOS 5, aplikasi berasingan bernama \"Muzik\" dan \"Video\" diseragamkan merentas semua produk berkuasa iOS. Walaupun iPhone dan iPad pada dasarnya mempunyai keupayaan pemain media yang sama seperti talian iPod, mereka biasanya dianggap sebagai produk yang berasingan. Pada pertengahan tahun 2010, jualan iPhone mengatasi orang-orang iPod. <> Sebelum iOS 5, berapa banyak aplikasi diperlukan untuk memainkan muzik dan video pada iPhone dan iPad? || satu <> Pada pertengahan tahun 2010, mana peranti Apple mempunyai jualan yang lebih tinggi daripada iPod? || iPhone <> Dengan apa yang dibebaskan iOS, adakah Apple menyeragamkan aplikasi media pada semua produk mereka? || iOS 5 <> Dalam tahun apakah penjualan iPhone melebihi daripada iPod? || 2010 <> Apakah tajuk aplikasi media standard pada peranti Apple semasa? || \"Muzik\" dan \"Video\"", {"qas": [{"question": "Prior to iOS 5, how many apps were required to play music and videos on iPhone and iPad?", "id": "56cc57466d243a140015ef24", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In mid-2010, which Apple device had higher sales than iPod?", "id": "56cc57466d243a140015ef26", "answers": [{"text": "iPhone", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With what iOS release did Apple standardize media apps on all their products?", "id": "56ce73d1aab44d1400b887ab", "answers": [{"text": "iOS 5", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did iPhone sales surpass those of iPods?", "id": "56ce73d1aab44d1400b887ac", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 444}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the titles of the standard media apps on current Apple devices?", "id": "56ce73d1aab44d1400b887ad", "answers": [{"text": "\"Music\" and \"Videos\"", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Before the release of iOS 5, the iPod branding was used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad, a combination of the Music and Videos apps on the iPod Touch. As of iOS 5, separate apps named \"Music\" and \"Videos\" are standardized across all iOS-powered products. While the iPhone and iPad have essentially the same media player capabilities as the iPod line, they are generally treated as separate products. During the middle of 2010, iPhone sales overtook those of the iPod."}], ["Pada bulan September 2007, semasa tuntutan mahkamah dengan syarikat induk paten Burst.com, Apple menarik perhatian paten untuk peranti serupa yang dibangunkan pada tahun 1979. Kane Kramer memohon paten UK untuk reka bentuk \"kotak muzik plastik\" pada tahun 1981 , yang dipanggilnya IXI. Dia tidak dapat memperoleh pembiayaan untuk memperbaharui paten di seluruh dunia bernilai US $ 120,000, sehingga ia berlalu dan Kramer tidak mendapat keuntungan dari gagasannya. <> Apple terlibat dalam tuntutan undang-undang dengan syarikat mana pada tahun 2007? || Burst.com <> Siapa yang sebelum ini memohon paten untuk peranti seperti iPod? || Kane Kramer <> Di negara apakah Kane Kramer memohon patennya? || UK <> Dalam tahun apakah Kane Kramer memohon patennya? || 1981 <> Apa yang Kane Kramer memanggil peranti yang dia mahukan paten? || IXI <> Apa syarikat induk paten menggugat Apple pada tahun 2007? || Burst.com <> Apakah nama pemain muzik yang dipatenkan sebelum ini dari tahun 1981? || IXI <> Siapa pemegang paten terdahulu untuk \"kotak muzik plastik\"? || Kane Kramer", {"qas": [{"question": "Apple was involved in a lawsuit with which company in 2007?", "id": "56cc61346d243a140015ef6e", "answers": [{"text": "Burst.com", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who previously applied for a patent for an iPod-like device?", "id": "56cc61346d243a140015ef6f", "answers": [{"text": "Kane Kramer", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what country did Kane Kramer apply for his patent?", "id": "56cc61346d243a140015ef70", "answers": [{"text": "UK", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Kane Kramer apply for his patent?", "id": "56cc61346d243a140015ef71", "answers": [{"text": "1981", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Kane Kramer call the device for which he wanted a patent?", "id": "56cc61346d243a140015ef72", "answers": [{"text": "IXI", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What patent holding company sued Apple in 2007?", "id": "56ce7ae2aab44d1400b887e7", "answers": [{"text": "Burst.com", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the previously-patented music player from 1981?", "id": "56ce7ae2aab44d1400b887e8", "answers": [{"text": "IXI", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the holder of the previous patent for the \"plastic music box\"?", "id": "56ce7ae2aab44d1400b887e9", "answers": [{"text": "Kane Kramer", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In September 2007, during a lawsuit with patent holding company Burst.com, Apple drew attention to a patent for a similar device that was developed in 1979. Kane Kramer applied for a UK patent for his design of a \"plastic music box\" in 1981, which he called the IXI. He was unable to secure funding to renew the US$120,000 worldwide patent, so it lapsed and Kramer never profited from his idea."}], ["Apple tidak membangunkan perisian iPod sepenuhnya di dalam rumah, sebaliknya menggunakan platform rujukan PortalPlayer berdasarkan dua teras ARM. Platform ini mempunyai perisian asas yang dijalankan pada sistem operasi tertanam microkernel komersial. PortalPlayer sebelum ini telah mengusahakan pemain MP3 berjenama IBM dengan fon kepala Bluetooth. Apple menguncup syarikat lain, Pixo, untuk membantu mereka bentuk dan melaksanakan antara muka pengguna di bawah pengawasan langsung Steve Jobs. Apabila perkembangan berkembang, Apple terus menyempurnakan rupa dan rasa perisian. Bermula dengan iPod Mini, fon Chicago digantikan dengan Espy Sans. Kemudian iPod mengalihkan fon sekali lagi ke fon Podium Sans-sama seperti fon korporat Apple, Myriad. iPod dengan paparan warna kemudian mengadopsi beberapa tema Mac OS X seperti bar kemajuan Aqua, dan menolak logam untuk membangkitkan kunci kombinasi. Pada tahun 2007, Apple mengubah suai antara muka iPod dengan pengenalan iPod Nano keenam generasi keenam dan iPod Nano generasi ketiga dengan mengubah fon ke Helvetica dan, dalam kebanyakan kes, memecah skrin pada separuh dengan memaparkan menu di sebelah kiri dan karya seni album, foto atau video di sebelah kanan (mana yang sesuai untuk item yang dipilih). <> Syarikat manakah yang bekerja dengan Apple dalam mewujudkan antara muka pengguna untuk iPod? || Pixo <> Apakah nama fon yang digunakan sebelum pembebasan iPod Mini? || Chicago <> Dalam tahun apakah gen iPod Classic 6 dikeluarkan? || 2007 <> The 6th iPod Classic iPod dan 3 gen iPod nano menampilkan font yang? || Helvetica <> Siapa yang menyelia reka bentuk dan pelaksanaan antara muka pengguna iPod? || Steve Jobs <> Apa perisian Apple yang digunakan sebagai asas untuk perisian iPod mereka? || PortalPlayer <> Apakah jenis typeface yang menggunakan iPod semasa? || Helvetica", {"qas": [{"question": "Which company worked with Apple in creating the user interface for the iPod?", "id": "56cc60186d243a140015ef5a", "answers": [{"text": "Pixo", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the font used prior to the release of the iPod Mini?", "id": "56cc60186d243a140015ef5b", "answers": [{"text": "Chicago", "answer_start": 577}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the 6th gen iPod Classic released?", "id": "56cc60186d243a140015ef5c", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 858}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The 6th gen iPod Classic and 3rd gen iPod nano featured which font?", "id": "56cc60186d243a140015ef5d", "answers": [{"text": "Helvetica", "answer_start": 1018}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who supervised the design and implementation of the iPod user interface?", "id": "56ce78c5aab44d1400b887d1", "answers": [{"text": "Steve Jobs", "answer_start": 449}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What software did Apple use as the basis for their iPod software?", "id": "56ce78c5aab44d1400b887d2", "answers": [{"text": "PortalPlayer", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What typeface does the current iPod use?", "id": "56ce78c5aab44d1400b887d3", "answers": [{"text": "Helvetica", "answer_start": 1018}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Apple did not develop the iPod software entirely in-house, instead using PortalPlayer's reference platform based on two ARM cores. The platform had rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system. PortalPlayer had previously been working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with Bluetooth headphones. Apple contracted another company, Pixo, to help design and implement the user interface under the direct supervision of Steve Jobs. As development progressed, Apple continued to refine the software's look and feel. Starting with the iPod Mini, the Chicago font was replaced with Espy Sans. Later iPods switched fonts again to Podium Sans\u2014a font similar to Apple's corporate font, Myriad. iPods with color displays then adopted some Mac OS X themes like Aqua progress bars, and brushed metal meant to evoke a combination lock. In 2007, Apple modified the iPod interface again with the introduction of the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation iPod Nano by changing the font to Helvetica and, in most cases, splitting the screen in half by displaying the menus on the left and album artwork, photos, or videos on the right (whichever was appropriate for the selected item)."}], ["Nama iPod dicadangkan oleh Vinnie Chieco, seorang penulis serigala bebas, yang (dengan orang lain) dipanggil oleh Apple untuk memikirkan bagaimana memperkenalkan pemain baru kepada orang ramai. Selepas Chieco melihat prototaip, dia memikirkan filem 2001: A Space Odyssey dan frasa \"Buka pintu pod bay, Hal!\", Yang merujuk kepada EVA Pods dari kapal angkasa Discovery One. Chieco melihat analogi untuk hubungan antara kapal angkasa dan kumpulan bebas yang lebih kecil dalam hubungan antara komputer peribadi dan pemain muzik. Apple meneliti cap dagang itu dan mendapati bahawa ia sudah digunakan. Joseph N. Grasso dari New Jersey pada asalnya menyenaraikan tanda dagangan \"iPod\" dengan Pejabat Paten dan Tanda Dagangan A.S. (USPTO) pada bulan Julai 2000 untuk kios internet. Kios iPod pertama telah ditunjukkan kepada orang ramai di New Jersey pada bulan Mac 1998, dan kegunaan komersil bermula pada bulan Januari 2000, namun nampaknya telah dihentikan pada tahun 2001. Tanda dagangan itu telah didaftarkan oleh USPTO pada bulan November 2003, dan Grasso memberikannya kepada Apple Computer, Inc. pada tahun 2005. <> Siapa yang datang dengan nama untuk pemain mp3 mudah alih Apple? || Vinnie Chieco <> Apakah profesi Vinnie Chieco? || copywriter freelance <> Apa filem yang mengilhami nama iPod? || 2001: A Space Odyssey <> Siapa yang pertama menandatangani nama iPod? || Joseph N. Grasso <> Pada tahun apakah Apple diberi hak kepada nama iPod? || 2005 <> Filem apa yang mengilhami nama iPod? || 2001: A Space Odyssey <> Apa nama penyalin copy yang mencadangkan nama \"iPod\"? || Vinnie Chieco <> Siapa yang memegang tanda niaga asal untuk nama iPod? || Joseph N. Grasso", {"qas": [{"question": "Who came up with the name for Apple's portable mp3 player?", "id": "56cc62406d243a140015ef78", "answers": [{"text": "Vinnie Chieco", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Vinnie Chieco's profession?", "id": "56cc62406d243a140015ef79", "answers": [{"text": "freelance copywriter", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What film inspired the name of the iPod?", "id": "56cc62406d243a140015ef7a", "answers": [{"text": "2001: A Space Odyssey", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who first trademarked the iPod name?", "id": "56cc62406d243a140015ef7b", "answers": [{"text": "Joseph N. Grasso", "answer_start": 593}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Apple given rights to the iPod name?", "id": "56cc62406d243a140015ef7c", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 1035}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What movie inspired the iPod name?", "id": "56ce7bf4aab44d1400b887f3", "answers": [{"text": "2001: A Space Odyssey", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the copywriter that proposed the name \"iPod\"?", "id": "56ce7bf4aab44d1400b887f4", "answers": [{"text": "Vinnie Chieco", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who held the original trademark for the iPod name?", "id": "56ce7bf4aab44d1400b887f5", "answers": [{"text": "Joseph N. Grasso", "answer_start": 593}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The name iPod was proposed by Vinnie Chieco, a freelance copywriter, who (with others) was called by Apple to figure out how to introduce the new player to the public. After Chieco saw a prototype, he thought of the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey and the phrase \"Open the pod bay door, Hal!\", which refers to the white EVA Pods of the Discovery One spaceship. Chieco saw an analogy to the relationship between the spaceship and the smaller independent pods in the relationship between a personal computer and the music player. Apple researched the trademark and found that it was already in use. Joseph N. Grasso of New Jersey had originally listed an \"iPod\" trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in July 2000 for Internet kiosks. The first iPod kiosks had been demonstrated to the public in New Jersey in March 1998, and commercial use began in January 2000, but had apparently been discontinued by 2001. The trademark was registered by the USPTO in November 2003, and Grasso assigned it to Apple Computer, Inc. in 2005."}], ["Walaupun iPod dibebaskan pada tahun 2001, harga dan keserasian Mac hanya menyebabkan jualan agak perlahan sehingga tahun 2004. Talian iPod berasal dari \"hub digital\" kategori Apple, apabila syarikat itu mula membuat perisian untuk pasaran digital yang semakin meningkat peranti peribadi . Kamera digital, camcorder dan penganjur mempunyai pasaran arus perdana yang mantap, tetapi syarikat itu mendapati pemain muzik digital yang ada \"besar dan kikuk atau kecil dan tidak berguna\" dengan antara muka pengguna yang \"tidak dapat dipercaya hebat\", jadi Apple memutuskan untuk membangunkannya sendiri. Seperti yang diperintahkan oleh Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Steve Jobs, ketua kejuruteraan perkakasan Apple, Jon Rubinstein mengumpulkan satu pasukan jurutera untuk merancang jalur iPod, termasuk jurutera perkakasan Tony Fadell dan Michael Dhuey, dan jurutera rekabentuk Sir Jonathan Ive. Rubinstein telah menemui pemacu cakera Toshiba ketika bertemu dengan pembekal Apple di Jepun, dan membeli hak untuk Apple, dan juga telah mengerjakan bagaimana skrin, bateri, dan unsur-unsur penting lainnya akan berfungsi. Estetika diilhamkan oleh radio transistor Braun T3 1958 yang direka oleh Dieter Rams, manakala antara muka pengguna berasaskan roda telah digesa oleh telefon BeoCom 6000 Bang & Olufsen. Produk (\"Walkman abad kedua puluh satu\") telah dibangunkan dalam masa kurang dari satu tahun dan diumumkan pada 23 Oktober 2001. Pekerjaan mengumumkannya sebagai produk yang serasi Mac dengan cakera keras 5 GB yang meletakkan \"1,000 lagu dalam poket anda. \" <> Dalam tahun apakah iPod mula diperkenalkan? || 2001 <> Dalam tahun apakah peningkatan jualan iPod? || 2004 <> Jurutera Apple mana yang mengetuai kumpulan reka bentuk iPod asli? || Jon Rubinstein <> Radio apakah yang menjadi inspirasi utama untuk melihat iPod? || Braun T3 radio transistor <> Apakah kapasiti penyimpanan iPod pertama? || 5 GB <> dalam tahun apakah iPod dikeluarkan? || 2001 <> Seberapa besar cakera keras pada iPod asal? || 5 GB <> Apa yang pemain muzik popular lain lakukan Apple membandingkan produk baru mereka? || Walkman <> Apakah nama ketua kejuruteraan perkakasan Apple yang membantu reka bentuk iPod? || Jon Rubinstein <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan cakera keras untuk iPod pertama? || Toshiba", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was the iPod first introduced?", "id": "56cc5f3f6d243a140015ef46", "answers": [{"text": "2001", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did iPod sales show improvement?", "id": "56cc5f3f6d243a140015ef47", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Apple engineer led original iPod design group?", "id": "56cc5f3f6d243a140015ef48", "answers": [{"text": "Jon Rubinstein", "answer_start": 601}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What radio was the primary inspiration for the look of the iPod?", "id": "56cc5f3f6d243a140015ef49", "answers": [{"text": "Braun T3 transistor radio", "answer_start": 1045}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the storage capacity of the first iPod?", "id": "56cc5f3f6d243a140015ef4a", "answers": [{"text": "5 GB", "answer_start": 1369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "in what year was the original iPod released?", "id": "56ce75d4aab44d1400b887bd", "answers": [{"text": "2001", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How large was the hard drive on the original iPod?", "id": "56ce75d4aab44d1400b887be", "answers": [{"text": "5 GB", "answer_start": 1369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other popular music player did Apple compare their new product to?", "id": "56ce75d4aab44d1400b887bf", "answers": [{"text": "the Walkman", "answer_start": 1203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Apple's hardware engineering chief who helped design the iPod?", "id": "56ce75d4aab44d1400b887c0", "answers": [{"text": "Jon Rubinstein", "answer_start": 601}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who manufactured the hard drives for the first iPods?", "id": "56ce75d4aab44d1400b887c1", "answers": [{"text": "Toshiba", "answer_start": 807}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Though the iPod was released in 2001, its price and Mac-only compatibility caused sales to be relatively slow until 2004. The iPod line came from Apple's \"digital hub\" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had well-established mainstream markets, but the company found existing digital music players \"big and clunky or small and useless\" with user interfaces that were \"unbelievably awful,\" so Apple decided to develop its own. As ordered by CEO Steve Jobs, Apple's hardware engineering chief Jon Rubinstein assembled a team of engineers to design the iPod line, including hardware engineers Tony Fadell and Michael Dhuey, and design engineer Sir Jonathan Ive. Rubinstein had already discovered the Toshiba disk drive when meeting with an Apple supplier in Japan, and purchased the rights to it for Apple, and had also already worked out how the screen, battery, and other key elements would work. The aesthetic was inspired by the 1958 Braun T3 transistor radio designed by Dieter Rams, while the wheel based user interface was prompted by Bang & Olufsen's BeoCom 6000 telephone. The product (\"the Walkman of the twenty-first century\" ) was developed in less than one year and unveiled on October 23, 2001. Jobs announced it as a Mac-compatible product with a 5 GB hard drive that put \"1,000 songs in your pocket.\""}], ["Pada mulanya, sambungan FireWire ke komputer hos digunakan untuk mengemas kini lagu atau mengecas semula bateri. Bateri juga boleh dicas dengan penyesuai kuasa yang disertakan dengan empat generasi pertama. <> Apakah jenis sambungan pertama yang digunakan oleh iPod untuk mengecas dan memindahkan fail? || FireWire <> Apakah kaedah penggantian iPod? || penyesuai kuasa <> Jenis penyambung jenis apa yang asalnya diperlukan untuk memuat naik lagu atau mengecas semula iPod? || FireWire", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the first type of connection used by the iPod to charge and transfer files?", "id": "56cc66d16d243a140015efa2", "answers": [{"text": "FireWire", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was an alternate method of charging the iPod?", "id": "56cc66d16d243a140015efa3", "answers": [{"text": "power adapter", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of connector was originally required to upload songs or recharge the iPod?", "id": "56ce82cdaab44d1400b8882d", "answers": [{"text": "FireWire", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Originally, a FireWire connection to the host computer was used to update songs or recharge the battery. The battery could also be charged with a power adapter that was included with the first four generations."}], ["Pada pertengahan 2015, beberapa skema warna baru untuk semua model iPod semasa dilihat dalam versi terkini iTunes, 12.2. Belgium laman web Belgia pada asalnya menemui imej ketika memasang iPod pada kali pertama, dan foto yang bocor kemudiannya ditemui oleh Pierre Dandumont. <> Bilakah imej warna iPod baru bocor? || pertengahan-2015 <> Siapa bocor foto warna iPod baru? || Pierre Dametont <> Apakah versi iTunes yang mengandungi foto-foto baru iPod yang bocor? || 12.2 <> Apakah versi terkini iTunes pada pertengahan 2015? || 12.2 <> Siapa yang pertama membocorkan foto skema warna iPod baru? || Pierre Dametont", {"qas": [{"question": "When were images of new iPod colors leaked?", "id": "56cc62ce6d243a140015ef82", "answers": [{"text": "mid-2015", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who leaked the photos of new iPod colors?", "id": "56cc62ce6d243a140015ef83", "answers": [{"text": "Pierre Dandumont", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What version of iTunes contained the leaked photos of new iPod colors?", "id": "56cc62ce6d243a140015ef84", "answers": [{"text": "12.2", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the latest version of iTunes as of mid-2015?", "id": "56ce7c4baab44d1400b887fd", "answers": [{"text": "12.2", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who first leaked the photos of the new iPod color scheme?", "id": "56ce7c4baab44d1400b887fe", "answers": [{"text": "Pierre Dandumont", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In mid-2015, several new color schemes for all of the current iPod models were spotted in the latest version of iTunes, 12.2. Belgian website Belgium iPhone originally found the images when plugging in an iPod for the first time, and subsequent leaked photos were found by Pierre Dandumont."}], ["Apple memperkenalkan penyambung dok 8-pin baru, bernama Lightning, pada 12 September 2012 dengan pengumuman mereka mengenai iPhone 5, iPod Touch generasi kelima, dan iPod Nano ketujuh yang semuanya memaparkannya. Penyambung baru menggantikan penyambung dok 30-pin yang lebih lama yang digunakan oleh iPod lama, iPhone, dan iPad. Kabel Lightning Apple mempunyai pin pada kedua-dua belah plag supaya ia boleh dimasukkan dengan kedua-dua belah menghadap ke atas. <> Apakah penyambung baru yang dilakukan Apple pada 12 September 2012? || Lightning <> Apa produk Apple yang lain diperkenalkan pada 12 September 2012? || generasi ketujuh iPod Nano <> Bagaimana pin lelaki menggunakan penggunaan penyambung dok Lightning? || 30 <> Berapakah bilangan pin penyambung kilat? || 8 <> Berapa banyak bahagian penyambung Kilat yang terdapat pada pin? || kedua-dua belah <> Apakah nama kod Apple untuk penyambung dok baru 8-pin? || Lightning <> Apakah generasi pertama iPod Touch yang mempunyai penyambung Lightning? || generasi kelima", {"qas": [{"question": "What new connector did Apple unveil on September 12, 2012?", "id": "56cc803f6d243a140015efbc", "answers": [{"text": "Lightning", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other Apple product was unveiled on September 12, 2012?", "id": "56cc803f6d243a140015efbd", "answers": [{"text": "seventh generation iPod Nano", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How man pins did the pre-Lightning dock connecter use?", "id": "56cc803f6d243a140015efbe", "answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many pins did the Lightning connector have?", "id": "56cc803f6d243a140015efbf", "answers": [{"text": "8", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On how many sides of the Lightning connector are the pins located?", "id": "56cc803f6d243a140015efc0", "answers": [{"text": "both sides", "answer_start": 354}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's Apple's code name for the newer 8-pin dock connector?", "id": "56ce8bfbaab44d1400b88867", "answers": [{"text": "Lightning", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first iPod Touch generation to feature the Lightning connector?", "id": "56ce8bfbaab44d1400b88869", "answers": [{"text": "fifth generation", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Apple introduced a new 8-pin dock connector, named Lightning, on September 12, 2012 with their announcement of the iPhone 5, the fifth generation iPod Touch, and the seventh generation iPod Nano, which all feature it. The new connector replaces the older 30-pin dock connector used by older iPods, iPhones, and iPads. Apple Lightning cables have pins on both sides of the plug so it can be inserted with either side facing up."}], ["Penyambung dok juga membenarkan iPod untuk menyambung kepada aksesori, yang sering menambah muzik iPod, video, dan main semula foto. Apple menjual beberapa aksesori, seperti iPod Hi-Fi yang dihentikan, tetapi kebanyakannya dihasilkan oleh pihak ketiga seperti Belkin dan Griffin. Sesetengah peranti menggunakan antara muka sendiri, sementara yang lain menggunakan skrin iPod sendiri. Oleh kerana penyambung dok adalah antara muka proprietari, pelaksanaan antara muka memerlukan membayar royalti kepada Apple. <> Yang iPod aksesori dibuat oleh Apple tetapi tidak lagi dihasilkan? || Hi-Fi iPod <> Apakah dua syarikat yang membuat aksesori iPod? || Belkin dan Griffin <> Apa bahagian iPod diperlukan untuk berkomunikasi dengan periferal? || penyambung dok <> Apakah syarat untuk pihak ketiga menggunakan penyambung dok? || membayar royalti <> Sebagian besar periferal untuk iPod dihasilkan oleh jenis syarikat apa? || pihak ketiga <> Apa nama aksesori yang telah dihentikan sekarang yang dikeluarkan oleh Apple, yang disambungkan melalui penyambung dok iPod? || Hi-Fi iPod", {"qas": [{"question": "Which iPod accessory was made by Apple but is no longer produced?", "id": "56cc7f9c6d243a140015efb2", "answers": [{"text": "iPod Hi-Fi", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two companies that make iPod accessories?", "id": "56cc7f9c6d243a140015efb3", "answers": [{"text": "Belkin and Griffin", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of the iPod is needed to communicate with peripherals?", "id": "56cc7f9c6d243a140015efb4", "answers": [{"text": "dock connector", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the condition for third parties using the dock connector?", "id": "56cc7f9c6d243a140015efb5", "answers": [{"text": "paying royalties", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The majority of peripherals for iPod are produced by what kinds of companies?", "id": "56cc7f9c6d243a140015efb6", "answers": [{"text": "third parties", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the name of the now-discontinued accessory manufactured by Apple, that connected via the iPod's dock connector?", "id": "56ce8b36aab44d1400b88865", "answers": [{"text": "iPod Hi-Fi", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The dock connector also allowed the iPod to connect to accessories, which often supplement the iPod's music, video, and photo playback. Apple sells a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi, but most are manufactured by third parties such as Belkin and Griffin. Some peripherals use their own interface, while others use the iPod's own screen. Because the dock connector is a proprietary interface, the implementation of the interface requires paying royalties to Apple."}], ["Untuk semua iPod yang dikeluarkan pada tahun 2006 dan lebih awal, sesetengah tetapan bunyi penyamaan (EQ) akan memutarbelitkan bunyi bass terlalu mudah, walaupun pada lagu-lagu yang tidak menentu. Ini akan berlaku untuk tetapan EQ seperti R & B, Rock, Acoustic, dan Bass Booster, kerana penyamaan menguatkan paras audio digital di luar had perisian, menyebabkan gangguan (kliping) pada instrumen bass. <> Unsur akustik apa yang boleh diputarbelitkan oleh tetapan audio yang berbeza dalam iPod sebelum tahun 2007? || Bass <> Namakan empat profil bunyi yang akan menyebabkan penyimpangan bass pada pra-tahun 2007 iPod. || R & B, Rock, Akustik, dan Bass Booster <> Masalah spesifik apa yang menyebabkan masalah dengan penyimpangan bass? || kliping <> iPod yang dikeluarkan sebelum tahun apa masalah dengan bass terdistorsi? || 2006 <> Apakah tetapan EQ yang diketahui mempunyai masalah dengan penyimpangan bass? || R & B, Rock, Akustik, dan Bass Booster", {"qas": [{"question": "What acoustic element could be distorted by different audio settings in iPods prior to 2007?", "id": "56cc655c6d243a140015ef92", "answers": [{"text": "Bass", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Name four sound profiles that would result in bass distortion on pre-2007 iPods.", "id": "56cc655c6d243a140015ef93", "answers": [{"text": "R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What specific problem caused the issue with bass distortion?", "id": "56cc655c6d243a140015ef94", "answers": [{"text": "clipping", "answer_start": 334}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "iPods released before what year had issues with distorted bass?", "id": "56ce8214aab44d1400b88823", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What EQ settings were known to have issues with bass distortion?", "id": "56ce8214aab44d1400b88824", "answers": [{"text": "R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "For all iPods released in 2006 and earlier, some equalizer (EQ) sound settings would distort the bass sound far too easily, even on undemanding songs. This would happen for EQ settings like R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster, because the equalizer amplified the digital audio level beyond the software's limit, causing distortion (clipping) on bass instruments."}], ["BMW mengeluarkan antara muka kereta iPod pertama, yang membolehkan pemandu kenderaan BMW yang lebih baru mengawal iPod menggunakan sama ada kawalan stereng terbina dalam atau butang kepala unit radio. Apple mengumumkan pada tahun 2005 bahawa sistem serupa akan tersedia untuk jenama kenderaan lain, termasuk Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, Nissan, Toyota, Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Acura, Audi, Honda, Renault, Infiniti dan Volkswagen. Scion menawarkan sambungan iPod standard pada semua kereta mereka. <> Apa syarikat pertama yang membuat cara menghubungkan iPod ke sebuah kereta? || BMW <> Dalam tahun apakah Apple mendedahkan bahawa ia akan menyediakan keserasian dengan pelbagai pengeluar kereta? || 2005 <> Syarikat mana yang menyediakan keupayaan untuk menyambung ke iPod sebagai ciri standard dalam kereta mereka? || Scion <> Syarikat mobil mana yang mengeluarkan antara muka kereta pertama untuk iPod? || BMW <> Syarikat kereta mana yang pertama menawarkan sambungan iPod sebagai ciri standard pada keseluruhan barisan produk mereka? || Scion", {"qas": [{"question": "What company was first to create a means of connecting the iPod to an automobile?", "id": "56cc81e06d243a140015efd0", "answers": [{"text": "BMW", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Apple reveal that it would provide compatibility with a wide range of auto manufacturers?", "id": "56cc81e06d243a140015efd1", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which company provides the ability to connect to iPods as a standard feature in their automobiles?", "id": "56cc81e06d243a140015efd2", "answers": [{"text": "Scion", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which car company released the first automobile interface for the iPod?", "id": "56ce8da8aab44d1400b88879", "answers": [{"text": "BMW", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which car company first offered iPod connectivity as a standard feature on their whole product line?", "id": "56ce8da8aab44d1400b8887a", "answers": [{"text": "Scion", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "BMW released the first iPod automobile interface, allowing drivers of newer BMW vehicles to control an iPod using either the built-in steering wheel controls or the radio head-unit buttons. Apple announced in 2005 that similar systems would be available for other vehicle brands, including Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, Nissan, Toyota, Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Acura, Audi, Honda, Renault, Infiniti and Volkswagen. Scion offers standard iPod connectivity on all their cars."}], ["IPod generasi ketiga mempunyai sambutan bass lemah, seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam ujian audio. Gabungan kapasitor penyekat DC yang kurang besar dan impedans rendah yang biasa kebanyakan fon kepala pengguna membentuk penapis lulus tinggi, yang melengkapkan output bass frekuensi rendah. Kapasitor yang sama digunakan pada iPod generasi keempat. Masalahnya dikurangkan apabila menggunakan fon kepala impedans tinggi dan benar-benar bertopeng ketika memandu beban impedans (paras paras) tinggi, seperti penguat fon kepala luaran. IPod Shuffle generasi pertama menggunakan peringkat keluaran dwi- transistor, bukannya satu output kapasitor yang digabungkan, dan tidak memperlihatkan respon bass yang dikurangkan untuk sebarang beban. <> Apakah kekurangan audio yang terdapat dalam iPod gen ke-3? || sambutan bass yang lembap <> Jenis fon kepala apa yang boleh sebahagiannya mengurangkan isu tindak balas bass dari iPod gen ke-3? || high-impedance <> Apa contoh peranti yang boleh mengurangkan masalah balas bass gen iPod ke-3? || penguat fon kepala luaran <> Apa bahagian output audio yang tidak berkualiti pada iPod generasi ke-3? || bass <> Komponen apa yang harus disalahkan untuk bass lemah generasi ke-3 iPod? || kapasitor penyekat DC yang berukuran kecil", {"qas": [{"question": "What audio deficiency was found in the 3rd gen iPods?", "id": "56cc643d6d243a140015ef88", "answers": [{"text": "weak bass response", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of headphones could partially mitigate the bass response issues of the 3rd gen iPods?", "id": "56cc643d6d243a140015ef8a", "answers": [{"text": "high-impedance", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of a device that could entirely mitigate the bass response issues of the 3rd gen iPods?", "id": "56cc643d6d243a140015ef8b", "answers": [{"text": "external headphone amplifier", "answer_start": 470}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of audio output was substandard on 3rd generation iPods?", "id": "56ce81bdaab44d1400b88817", "answers": [{"text": "bass", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What component was to blame for the weak bass of the 3rd generation iPod?", "id": "56ce81bdaab44d1400b88818", "answers": [{"text": "undersized DC-blocking capacitors", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The third-generation iPod had a weak bass response, as shown in audio tests. The combination of the undersized DC-blocking capacitors and the typical low-impedance of most consumer headphones form a high-pass filter, which attenuates the low-frequency bass output. Similar capacitors were used in the fourth-generation iPods. The problem is reduced when using high-impedance headphones and is completely masked when driving high-impedance (line level) loads, such as an external headphone amplifier. The first-generation iPod Shuffle uses a dual-transistor output stage, rather than a single capacitor-coupled output, and does not exhibit reduced bass response for any load."}], ["Dari iPod generasi kelima, Apple memperkenalkan had volume yang dapat dikonfigurasikan pengguna sebagai tindak balas kepada kebimbangan mengenai kehilangan pendengaran. Pengguna melaporkan bahawa dalam iPod generasi keenam, tahap pengeluaran isipadu maksimum dihadkan kepada 100 dB di pasaran EU. Apple sebelum ini terpaksa mengeluarkan iPod dari rak di Perancis kerana melebihi had undang-undang ini. Bagaimanapun, pengguna yang telah membeli iPod generasi keenam yang baru pada lewat 2013 telah melaporkan pilihan baru yang membolehkan mereka melumpuhkan had jumlah EU. Telah dikatakan bahawa iPod baru ini datang dengan perisian terkini yang membenarkan perubahan ini. Walau bagaimanapun, iPod generasi keenam yang lebih tua tidak dapat mengemaskini versi perisian ini. <> Apakah jenis isu deria yang menjadi kebimbangan sebelum pembebasan iPod gen ke-5? || kehilangan pendengaran <> Dalam apa pasaran yang iPod gen 6th mengehadkan jumlah tertinggi pemain? || EU <> Apakah batasan yang dikenakan ke atas bagaimana kuatnya iPod boleh memainkan bunyi di EU? || 100 dB <> Di negara apakah Apple perlu mengimbas kembali iPod? || Perancis <> Apakah tahap keluaran tertinggi bagi iPod generasi ke-6 Eropah? || 100 dB <> Negara mana yang asalnya menarik iPod kerana paras kelantangan yang lebih tinggi daripada yang dibenarkan? || Perancis", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of sensory issue was a concern prior to the release of 5th gen iPods?", "id": "56cc66326d243a140015ef98", "answers": [{"text": "hearing loss", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what markets did 6th gen iPods limit the highest volume of the player?", "id": "56cc66326d243a140015ef99", "answers": [{"text": "EU", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the limit imposed on how loud the iPod could play sounds in the EU?", "id": "56cc66326d243a140015ef9a", "answers": [{"text": "100 dB", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what country did Apple have to recall iPods?", "id": "56cc66326d243a140015ef9b", "answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the highest volume output level of European 6th-generation iPods?", "id": "56ce829baab44d1400b88828", "answers": [{"text": "100 dB", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country originally pulled iPods due to higher-than-allowed volume levels?", "id": "56ce829baab44d1400b88829", "answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From the fifth-generation iPod on, Apple introduced a user-configurable volume limit in response to concerns about hearing loss. Users report that in the sixth-generation iPod, the maximum volume output level is limited to 100 dB in EU markets. Apple previously had to remove iPods from shelves in France for exceeding this legal limit. However, users that have bought a new sixth-generation iPod in late 2013 have reported a new option that allowed them to disable the EU volume limit. It has been said that these new iPods came with an updated software that allowed this change. Older sixth-generation iPods, however, are unable to update to this software version."}], ["Banyak aksesori telah dibuat untuk sambungan iPod. Sebilangan besar dibuat oleh syarikat pihak ketiga, walaupun ramai, seperti iPod Hi-Fi, dibuat oleh Apple. Sesetengah aksesori menambah ciri tambahan yang dimiliki oleh pemain muzik lain, seperti perakam suara, penala radio FM, kawalan jauh berwayar dan kabel audio / visual untuk sambungan TV. Aksesori lain menawarkan ciri unik seperti pedometer Nike + iPod dan Penyambung Kamera iPod. Aksesori penting lain termasuk penceramah luaran, kawalan jarak jauh tanpa wayar, kes perlindungan, filem skrin, dan fon telinga tanpa wayar. Antara pengeluar aksesori pertama ialah Griffin Technology, Belkin, JBL, Bose, Monster Cable, dan SendStation. <> Apakah nama aksesori iPod yang dihasilkan oleh Apple? || Hi-Fi iPod <> Apa contoh aksesori iPod yang dibuat kerja? || Nike + iPod pedometer <> Apa enam syarikat yang membuat beberapa peranti pertama untuk iPod? || Teknologi Griffin, Belkin, JBL, Bose, Monster Rak, dan SendStation <> Apa yang boleh digunakan kabel A / V untuk menyambung iPod ke? || TV <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan aksesori pedometer untuk iPod? || Nike <> Syarikat manakah yang mengeluarkan aksesori iPod Hi-Fi? || epal", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of an Apple-produced iPod accessory?", "id": "56cc81246d243a140015efc6", "answers": [{"text": "iPod Hi-Fi", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of an iPod accessory made work exercise?", "id": "56cc81246d243a140015efc7", "answers": [{"text": "Nike+iPod pedometer", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are six companies that made some of the first peripherals for the iPod?", "id": "56cc81246d243a140015efc8", "answers": [{"text": "Griffin Technology, Belkin, JBL, Bose, Monster Cable, and SendStation", "answer_start": 614}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can A/V cables be used to connect the iPod to?", "id": "56cc81246d243a140015efc9", "answers": [{"text": "TV", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who manufactures a pedometer accessory for the iPod?", "id": "56ce8d5daab44d1400b88875", "answers": [{"text": "Nike", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which company manufactures the iPod Hi-Fi accessory?", "id": "56ce8d5daab44d1400b88876", "answers": [{"text": "Apple", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many accessories have been made for the iPod line. A large number are made by third party companies, although many, such as the iPod Hi-Fi, are made by Apple. Some accessories add extra features that other music players have, such as sound recorders, FM radio tuners, wired remote controls, and audio/visual cables for TV connections. Other accessories offer unique features like the Nike+iPod pedometer and the iPod Camera Connector. Other notable accessories include external speakers, wireless remote controls, protective case, screen films, and wireless earphones. Among the first accessory manufacturers were Griffin Technology, Belkin, JBL, Bose, Monster Cable, and SendStation."}], ["Generasi ketiga bermula termasuk penyambung dok 30-pin, membolehkan FireWire atau sambungan USB. Ini menyediakan keserasian yang lebih baik dengan mesin bukan Apple, kerana kebanyakan mereka tidak mempunyai port FireWire pada masa itu. Akhirnya Apple mula menghantar iPod dengan kabel USB dan bukannya FireWire, walaupun kedua-dua itu boleh didapati secara berasingan. Sehingga iPod Nano generasi pertama dan iPod Classic generasi kelima, Apple dihentikan menggunakan FireWire untuk pemindahan data (sementara masih membenarkan penggunaan FireWire untuk mengecas peranti itu) dalam usaha untuk mengurangkan kos dan faktor bentuk. Sehingga generasi kedua iPod Touch dan iPod Nano generasi keempat, keupayaan pengecasan FireWire telah dikeluarkan. IPod Shuffle generasi kedua, ketiga, dan keempat menggunakan penyambung telefon minijack 3.5 mm tunggal yang bertindak sebagai bicu fon kepala dan pelabuhan data untuk dok. <> Di mana generasi iPod mula menyediakan keserasian dengan USB? || generasi ketiga <> Apa ciri iPod yang dibenarkan untuk sambungan USB dengan peranti? || Penyambung dok 30-pin <> Yang generasi iPod Classic adalah yang pertama untuk meninggalkan penggunaan FireWire dalam memindahkan fail? || kelima <> Bermula dengan generasi iPod Nano yang fungsi penggantian FireWire tidak lagi tersedia? || keempat <> Apa jenis sambungan yang disediakan pada iPod Shuffle untuk kedua-dua output audio dan pemindahan fail? || Mini mmj 3.5 mm <> Yang iPod generasi mana yang pertama termasuk penyambung dok 30-pin? || generasi ketiga <> Model iPod apa yang digabungkan dengan bicu headphone dan port data? || Shuffle <> Antara muka apa yang secara beransur-ansur dihentikan untuk pengisian dan pemindahan data? || FireWire <> Antara muka apa yang diganti FireWire dalam lelaran kemudian iPod? || USB", {"qas": [{"question": "In which generation did iPod start providing compatibility with USB?", "id": "56cc6e346d243a140015efa8", "answers": [{"text": "third generation", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What iPod feature allowed for USB connections with the device?", "id": "56cc6e346d243a140015efa9", "answers": [{"text": "30-pin dock connector", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which generation of iPod Classic was the first to abandon use of FireWire in transferring files?", "id": "56cc6e346d243a140015efaa", "answers": [{"text": "fifth", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Starting with which generation of iPod Nano was FireWire charging functionality no longer available?", "id": "56cc6e346d243a140015efab", "answers": [{"text": "fourth", "answer_start": 628}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of connection is provided on the iPod Shuffle for both audio output and file transfer?", "id": "56cc6e346d243a140015efac", "answers": [{"text": "3.5 mm minijack", "answer_start": 771}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which generation iPod was the first to include the 30-pin dock connector?", "id": "56ce88c8aab44d1400b88849", "answers": [{"text": "third generation", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which model of iPod combined the headphone jack and data port?", "id": "56ce88c8aab44d1400b8884a", "answers": [{"text": "Shuffle", "answer_start": 749}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What interface was gradually phased out for both charging and data transfer?", "id": "56ce88c8aab44d1400b8884b", "answers": [{"text": "FireWire", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What interface replaced FireWire in later iterations of the iPod?", "id": "56ce88c8aab44d1400b8884c", "answers": [{"text": "USB", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The third generation began including a 30-pin dock connector, allowing for FireWire or USB connectivity. This provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines, as most of them did not have FireWire ports at the time. Eventually Apple began shipping iPods with USB cables instead of FireWire, although the latter was available separately. As of the first-generation iPod Nano and the fifth-generation iPod Classic, Apple discontinued using FireWire for data transfer (while still allowing for use of FireWire to charge the device) in an attempt to reduce cost and form factor. As of the second-generation iPod Touch and the fourth-generation iPod Nano, FireWire charging ability has been removed. The second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod Shuffle uses a single 3.5 mm minijack phone connector which acts as both a headphone jack and a data port for the dock."}], ["Universal Music Group memutuskan untuk tidak memperbaharui kontrak mereka dengan iTunes Store pada 3 Julai 2007. Universal kini akan membekalkan iTunes dalam kapasiti 'pada kehendak'. <> Apa syarikat mengakhiri perjanjian dengan kedai muzik Apple pada bulan Julai 2007? || Universal Music Group <> Apakah entiti apa Universal mempunyai kontrak dengan sebelum Julai 2007? || iTunes Store <> Dalam tahun apakah Universal Music Group membiarkan kontrak mereka dengan luput iTunes? || 2007", {"qas": [{"question": "What company ended its deal with Apple's music store in July of 2007?", "id": "56cc911e6d243a140015f02a", "answers": [{"text": "Universal Music Group", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What entity did Universal have a contract with prior to July of 2007?", "id": "56cc911e6d243a140015f02b", "answers": [{"text": "iTunes Store", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Universal Music Group let their contract with iTunes lapse?", "id": "56cfb99b234ae51400d9bf05", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Universal Music Group decided not to renew their contract with the iTunes Store on July 3, 2007. Universal will now supply iTunes in an 'at will' capacity."}], ["ITunes Store (diperkenalkan pada 29 April 2003) adalah kedai media dalam talian yang dikendalikan oleh Apple dan diakses menerusi iTunes. Kedai itu menjadi pemimpin pasaran tidak lama selepas pelancarannya dan Apple mengumumkan penjualan video melalui kedai pada 12 Oktober 2005. Filem penuh panjang telah tersedia pada 12 September 2006. <> Bilakah Apple iTunes Store dilancarkan? || 29 April 2003 <> Apa program yang diperlukan untuk mengakses iTunes Store? || iTunes <> Bilakah video disediakan melalui kedai iTunes? || 12 Oktober 2005 <> Bilakah Apple mula menjual keseluruhan filem melalui kedai iTunes? || September 12, 2006 <> Dalam tahun berapa kedai iTunes ditubuhkan? || 2003 <> Dalam tahun apakah video pertama kali tersedia di iTunes? || 2005 <> Bilakah dipindahkan penuh panjang ke gedung iTunes? || 2006", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Apple iTunes Store launched?", "id": "56cc88a56d243a140015f006", "answers": [{"text": "April 29, 2003", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What program is required to access the iTunes Store?", "id": "56cc88a56d243a140015f007", "answers": [{"text": "iTunes", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were videos made available through the iTunes store?", "id": "56cc88a56d243a140015f008", "answers": [{"text": "October 12, 2005", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Apple begin selling entire films through the iTunes store?", "id": "56cc88a56d243a140015f009", "answers": [{"text": "September 12, 2006", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the iTunes store established?", "id": "56cfb830234ae51400d9bedd", "answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did videos first become available on iTunes?", "id": "56cfb830234ae51400d9bede", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were full-length moved added to the iTunes store?", "id": "56cfb830234ae51400d9bedf", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The iTunes Store (introduced April 29, 2003) is an online media store run by Apple and accessed through iTunes. The store became the market leader soon after its launch and Apple announced the sale of videos through the store on October 12, 2005. Full-length movies became available on September 12, 2006."}], ["Apple melancarkan iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store pada 5 September 2007, dalam Acara Media yang bertajuk \"The Beat Goes On ...\". Perkhidmatan ini membolehkan pengguna mengakses Kedai Muzik daripada iPhone atau iPod Touch dan memuat turun lagu secara terus ke peranti yang boleh diselaraskan ke Perpustakaan iTunes pengguna melalui sambungan WiFi, atau, dalam hal iPhone, rangkaian telefon . <> Apakah nama acara di mana gedung Wi-Fi iTunes dilancarkan? || The Beat Goes On ... <> Pada tarikh apakah iTunes Music Store Wi-Fi dilancarkan? || 5 September 2007 <> Dalam tahun apakah iTunes Music Store Wi-Fi diperkenalkan? || 2007 <> Alat Apple mana yang mempunyai keupayaan untuk menyelaraskan dengan iTunes melalui rangkaian telefon? || iPhone", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the event at which the iTunes Wi-Fi store was launched?", "id": "56cc91b56d243a140015f030", "answers": [{"text": "The Beat Goes On...", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store launched?", "id": "56cc91b56d243a140015f033", "answers": [{"text": "September 5, 2007", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store introduced?", "id": "56cfb9f7234ae51400d9bf0d", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Apple device has the ability to sync with iTunes via the phone network?", "id": "56cfb9f7234ae51400d9bf0e", "answers": [{"text": "iPhone", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Apple debuted the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store on September 5, 2007, in its Media Event entitled \"The Beat Goes On...\". This service allows users to access the Music Store from either an iPhone or an iPod Touch and download songs directly to the device that can be synced to the user's iTunes Library over a WiFi connection, or, in the case of an iPhone, the telephone network."}], ["Semasa pemasangan, iPod dikaitkan dengan satu komputer hos. Setiap kali iPod menyambung ke komputer tuan rumah, iTunes boleh menyegerakkan keseluruhan pustaka muzik atau senarai main muzik secara automatik atau secara manual. Penarafan lagu boleh ditetapkan pada iPod dan disegerakkan kemudian ke pustaka iTunes, dan sebaliknya. Seorang pengguna boleh mengakses, bermain, dan menambah muzik pada komputer kedua jika iPod ditetapkan secara automatik dan tidak disegerakkan secara automatik, tetapi apa-apa yang ditambahkan atau diedit akan dibalikkan apabila menyambung dan menyegerakkan dengan komputer utama dan perpustakaannya. Sekiranya pengguna ingin menyegerakkan muzik secara automatik dengan komputer lain, perpustakaan iPod sepenuhnya akan dihapuskan dan digantikan dengan perpustakaan komputer yang lain. <> Berapa banyak tuan rumah yang diiktiraf oleh iPod pada kali pertama mereka digunakan? || satu <> Apa yang akan dipadam jika iPod ditetapkan untuk disegerakkan dengan komputer yang berbeza? || perpustakaan <> Apa yang perlu disambungkan ke iPod sebelum iTunes boleh disegerakkan? || komputer hos", {"qas": [{"question": "How many hosts are recognized by an iPod the first time they're used?", "id": "56cc86f26d243a140015eff2", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What will be erased if an iPod is set to sync with a different computer?", "id": "56cc86f26d243a140015eff5", "answers": [{"text": "library", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What must an iPod be connected to before iTunes can synchronize?", "id": "56cfb6b8234ae51400d9bec9", "answers": [{"text": "host computer", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During installation, an iPod is associated with one host computer. Each time an iPod connects to its host computer, iTunes can synchronize entire music libraries or music playlists either automatically or manually. Song ratings can be set on an iPod and synchronized later to the iTunes library, and vice versa. A user can access, play, and add music on a second computer if an iPod is set to manual and not automatic sync, but anything added or edited will be reversed upon connecting and syncing with the main computer and its library. If a user wishes to automatically sync music with another computer, an iPod's library will be entirely wiped and replaced with the other computer's library."}], ["Bermula pada pertengahan 2007, empat syarikat penerbangan utama, United, Continental, Delta, dan Emirates mencapai perjanjian untuk memasang sambungan kerusi iPod. Perkhidmatan percuma akan membolehkan penumpang berkuasa dan mengecas iPod, dan melihat perpustakaan video dan muzik pada paparan duduk belakang individu. Awalnya KLM dan Air France dilaporkan menjadi sebahagian daripada perjanjian dengan Apple, tetapi kemudian mereka mengeluarkan kenyataan menjelaskan bahawa mereka hanya merenungkan kemungkinan menggabungkan sistem tersebut. <> Pada tahun 2007, yang syarikat penerbangan membuat perjanjian untuk memasukkan sambungan iPod pada pesawat mereka? || United, Continental, Delta, dan Emirates <> Di mana orang boleh menggunakan iPod di pesawat melihat antara muka peranti? || paparan duduk belakang individu <> Apakah dua syarikat penerbangan yang dianggap melaksanakan sambungan iPod tetapi tidak menyertai perjanjian 2007? || KLM dan Air France <> Syarikat penerbangan mana yang pertama bersetuju untuk memasang sambungan kerusi untuk iPod? || United, Continental, Delta, dan Emirates <> Dalam tahun berapa syarikat penerbangan pertama mula menampung iPod? || 2007", {"qas": [{"question": "In 2007, which airlines made deals to include iPod connections on their planes?", "id": "56cc84ab6d243a140015efe2", "answers": [{"text": "United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where can people using iPods on planes view the device's interface?", "id": "56cc84ab6d243a140015efe3", "answers": [{"text": "individual seat-back displays", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two airlines that considered implementing iPod connections but did not join the 2007 agreement?", "id": "56cc84ab6d243a140015efe4", "answers": [{"text": "KLM and Air France", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which airlines first agreed to install seat connections for iPods?", "id": "56cfb3e3234ae51400d9be9d", "answers": [{"text": "United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did airlines first start to accommodate the iPod?", "id": "56cfb3e3234ae51400d9be9e", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beginning in mid-2007, four major airlines, United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates, reached agreements to install iPod seat connections. The free service will allow passengers to power and charge an iPod, and view video and music libraries on individual seat-back displays. Originally KLM and Air France were reported to be part of the deal with Apple, but they later released statements explaining that they were only contemplating the possibility of incorporating such systems."}], ["iPod tidak boleh memainkan fail muzik dari kedai muzik yang bersaing yang menggunakan teknologi DRM saingan seperti WMA atau RealNetworks 'DRM dilindungi DRM DRM. Contoh kedai termasuk Napster dan MSN Music. RealNetworks mendakwa bahawa Apple sedang mewujudkan masalah dengan menggunakan FairPlay untuk mengunci pengguna menggunakan iTunes Store. Steve Jobs menyatakan bahawa Apple membuat keuntungan sedikit daripada jualan lagu, walaupun Apple menggunakan kedai untuk mempromosikan jualan iPod. Walau bagaimanapun, iPod juga boleh memainkan fail muzik dari kedai dalam talian yang tidak menggunakan DRM, seperti eMusic atau Amie Street. <> Apakah dua kedai yang menjual fail dengan DRM tidak serasi dengan iPod? || Napster dan MSN Music <> Untuk jualan peranti apa yang Apple memanfaatkan gedung iTunes? || iPods <> iPod boleh memainkan muzik dari kedai dalam talian lain selagi mereka tidak mengandungi ciri apa? || DRM", {"qas": [{"question": "What are two stores which sell files with DRM not compatible with iPods?", "id": "56cc8b576d243a140015f023", "answers": [{"text": "Napster and MSN Music", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what device's sales does Apple leverage the iTunes store?", "id": "56cc8b576d243a140015f025", "answers": [{"text": "iPods", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The iPod can play music from other online stores as long as they don't contain what feature?", "id": "56cfb97c234ae51400d9bf03", "answers": [{"text": "DRM", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "iPods cannot play music files from competing music stores that use rival-DRM technologies like Microsoft's protected WMA or RealNetworks' Helix DRM. Example stores include Napster and MSN Music. RealNetworks claims that Apple is creating problems for itself by using FairPlay to lock users into using the iTunes Store. Steve Jobs stated that Apple makes little profit from song sales, although Apple uses the store to promote iPod sales. However, iPods can also play music files from online stores that do not use DRM, such as eMusic or Amie Street."}], ["Beberapa pengeluar stereo bebas termasuk JVC, Pioneer, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony, dan Harman Kardon juga mempunyai penyelesaian integrasi khusus iPod. Kaedah sambungan alternatif termasuk kit penyesuai (yang menggunakan dek kaset atau port changer CD), bicu input audio, dan pemancar FM seperti iTrip-walaupun pemancar FM peribadi adalah tidak sah di sesetengah negara. Banyak pengeluar kereta telah menambahkan jack input audio sebagai standard. <> Apa syarikat telah mengembangkan interfacing iPod untuk sistem stereo mereka? || JVC, Perintis, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony, dan Harman Kardon <> Jenis pemancar apa yang digunakan dalam iTrip? || FM <> Apa yang telah menjadi kemasukan standard dalam kereta untuk beberapa syarikat auto yang berbeza? || audio input jack <> Yang jenis produk integrasi kereta iPod adalah haram di negara-negara tertentu? || Pemancar FM <> Apakah ciri integrasi audio yang menjadi standard pada banyak model kereta? || bicu input audio", {"qas": [{"question": "What companies have developed iPod interfacing for their stereo systems?", "id": "56cc83056d243a140015efd8", "answers": [{"text": "JVC, Pioneer, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony, and Harman Kardon", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of transmitter is used in the iTrip?", "id": "56cc83056d243a140015efd9", "answers": [{"text": "FM", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has become a standard inclusion in cars for several different auto companies?", "id": "56cc83056d243a140015efda", "answers": [{"text": "audio input jacks", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which type of iPod car integration product is illegal in certain countries?", "id": "56cfb353234ae51400d9be99", "answers": [{"text": "FM transmitters", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What audio integration feature has become standard on many car models?", "id": "56cfb353234ae51400d9be9a", "answers": [{"text": "audio input jacks", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some independent stereo manufacturers including JVC, Pioneer, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony, and Harman Kardon also have iPod-specific integration solutions. Alternative connection methods include adapter kits (that use the cassette deck or the CD changer port), audio input jacks, and FM transmitters such as the iTrip\u2014although personal FM transmitters are illegal in some countries. Many car manufacturers have added audio input jacks as standard."}], ["iPod dengan paparan warna menggunakan grafik dan teks anti alias, dengan animasi gelongsor. Semua iPod (kecuali iPod Shuffle generasi ke-3, iPod Nano generasi ke-6 & ke-7 dan iPod Touch) mempunyai lima butang dan generasi kemudian mempunyai butang yang diintegrasikan ke dalam roda klik - sebuah inovasi yang memberikan antara muka yang minimalis dan rapi. Butang melaksanakan fungsi asas seperti menu, main, jeda, trek seterusnya, dan trek sebelumnya. Operasi lain, seperti menatal melalui item menu dan mengawal kelantangan, dilakukan dengan menggunakan roda klik dengan cara putar. IPod Shuffle generasi ke-3 tidak mempunyai sebarang kawalan pada pemain sebenar; sebaliknya ia mempunyai kawalan yang kecil pada kabel earphone, dengan butang volume dan bawah dan satu butang untuk main dan jeda, trek seterusnya, dan lain-lain. iPod Touch tidak mempunyai roda klik; sebaliknya ia menggunakan skrin sentuh 3.5 \"bersama-sama dengan butang rumah, butang tidur / bangun dan butang kelantangan dan turun pada generasi kedua dan ketiga dari iPod Touch. Antara muka pengguna untuk iPod Touch adalah sama dengan daripada iPhone Perbezaan termasuk kekurangan aplikasi telefon Kedua-dua peranti menggunakan IOS. <> Berapa banyak butang yang kebanyakan iPod digunakan? || five <> Di bahagian bahagian iPod apa yang baru boleh anda dapati butang? || klik roda < > Di manakah kawalan terletak pada gen 3 Shuffle iPod? || kabel telinga <> Antara muka jenis apa yang digunakan oleh iPod touch dan bukannya roda klik? || skrin sentuh <> Apa peranti lain yang berkongsi antara muka yang digunakan oleh iPod Touch? || iPhone <> Kebanyakan iPod mempunyai berapa banyak butang? || lima <> Generasi ke-3 yang model iPod mempunyai kawalannya hanya pada kabel earphone? || Shuffle <> antara muka dan OS dengan? || iPhone", {"qas": [{"question": "How many buttons do most iPods use?", "id": "56cc88386d243a140015effc", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what part of newer iPods can you find the buttons?", "id": "56cc88386d243a140015effd", "answers": [{"text": "click wheel", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are the controls located on the 3rd gen iPod Shuffle?", "id": "56cc88386d243a140015effe", "answers": [{"text": "earphone cable", "answer_start": 708}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of interface does the iPod touch use instead of the click wheel?", "id": "56cc88386d243a140015efff", "answers": [{"text": "touch screen", "answer_start": 872}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other device shares the interface used by the iPod Touch?", "id": "56cc88386d243a140015f000", "answers": [{"text": "iPhone", "answer_start": 1084}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Most iPods feature how many buttons?", "id": "56cfb7f9234ae51400d9bed7", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The 3rd generation of which iPod model had its controls only on the earphone cable?", "id": "56cfb7f9234ae51400d9bed8", "answers": [{"text": "Shuffle", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which other Apple product does the iPod Touch share an interface and OS with?", "id": "56cfb7f9234ae51400d9bed9", "answers": [{"text": "iPhone", "answer_start": 1084}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "iPods with color displays use anti-aliased graphics and text, with sliding animations. All iPods (except the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle, the 6th & 7th generation iPod Nano, and iPod Touch) have five buttons and the later generations have the buttons integrated into the click wheel \u2013 an innovation that gives an uncluttered, minimalist interface. The buttons perform basic functions such as menu, play, pause, next track, and previous track. Other operations, such as scrolling through menu items and controlling the volume, are performed by using the click wheel in a rotational manner. The 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle does not have any controls on the actual player; instead it has a small control on the earphone cable, with volume-up and -down buttons and a single button for play and pause, next track, etc. The iPod Touch has no click-wheel; instead it uses a 3.5\" touch screen along with a home button, sleep/wake button and (on the second and third generations of the iPod Touch) volume-up and -down buttons. The user interface for the iPod Touch is identical to that of the iPhone. Differences include a lack of a phone application. Both devices use iOS."}], ["Pada masa kedai diperkenalkan, fail audio yang dibeli menggunakan format AAC dengan penyulitan tambahan, berdasarkan sistem DRM FairPlay. Sehingga lima komputer yang diberi kuasa dan bilangan iPod yang tidak terhad boleh memainkan fail. Membakar fail dengan iTunes sebagai CD audio, kemudian mengimport semula akan membuat fail muzik tanpa DRM. DRM ini juga boleh dikeluarkan menggunakan perisian pihak ketiga. Walau bagaimanapun, dalam perjanjian dengan Apple, EMI mula menjual lagu yang bebas DRM dan berkualiti tinggi di iTunes Stores, dalam kategori yang disebut \"iTunes Plus.\" Walaupun lagu individu disediakan dengan harga US $ 1.29, 30 \u00a2 lebih daripada kos lagu DRM biasa, keseluruhan album tersedia untuk harga yang sama, US $ 9.99, sebagai album yang dikodkan DRM. Pada 17 Oktober 2007, Apple menurunkan kos lagu iTunes Plus individu kepada US $ 0.99 setiap lagu, sama seperti lagu yang dikodkan DRM. Pada 6 Januari 2009, Apple mengumumkan bahawa DRM telah dikeluarkan daripada 80% katalog muzik dan ia akan dikeluarkan dari semua muzik pada April 2009. <> Apabila kedai iTunes dilancarkan, jenis format fail yang digunakan ? || AAC <> Berapa banyak komputer yang dibenarkan memainkan fail yang menggunakan sistem FairPlay DRM? || lima <> Dalam kategori apa yang boleh fail tanpa pengurusan hak digital boleh didapati di kedai iTunes? || iTunes Plus <> Bilakah Apple mendedahkan bahawa kebanyakan pemilihan iTunes bebas daripada DRM? || 6 Januari 2009 <> Dengan apa masa projek Apple keseluruhan katalognya akan bebas daripada DRM? || April 2009 <> Apakah format asal untuk fail audio yang dibeli di iTunes? || AAC <> Apakah nama sistem DRM yang asalnya digunakan oleh Apple dan iTunes? || FairPlay <> Apakah nama perkhidmatan premium yang menawarkan lagu berkualiti tinggi dan bebas DRM? || iTunes Plus <> Pada tahun apakah DRM dihapuskan sepenuhnya daripada tawaran iTunes? || 2009", {"qas": [{"question": "When the iTunes store was launched, what type of file format was used?", "id": "56cc89c46d243a140015f00e", "answers": [{"text": "AAC", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many computers were allowed to play files that used the FairPlay DRM system?", "id": "56cc89c46d243a140015f00f", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what category could files without digital rights management be found on the iTunes store?", "id": "56cc89c46d243a140015f010", "answers": [{"text": "iTunes Plus", "answer_start": 512}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Apple reveal that most of the iTunes selection was free from DRM?", "id": "56cc89c46d243a140015f011", "answers": [{"text": "January 6, 2009", "answer_start": 850}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what time did Apple project its entire catalog would be free of DRM?", "id": "56cc89c46d243a140015f012", "answers": [{"text": "April 2009", "answer_start": 987}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the original format for purchased audio files on iTunes?", "id": "56cfb8e5234ae51400d9beeb", "answers": [{"text": "AAC", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the DRM system originally used by Apple and iTunes?", "id": "56cfb8e5234ae51400d9beec", "answers": [{"text": "FairPlay", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the premium service that offered higher quality and DRM-free songs?", "id": "56cfb8e5234ae51400d9beed", "answers": [{"text": "iTunes Plus", "answer_start": 512}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was DRM completely eliminated from the iTunes offerings?", "id": "56cfb8e5234ae51400d9beef", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 861}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At the time the store was introduced, purchased audio files used the AAC format with added encryption, based on the FairPlay DRM system. Up to five authorized computers and an unlimited number of iPods could play the files. Burning the files with iTunes as an audio CD, then re-importing would create music files without the DRM. The DRM could also be removed using third-party software. However, in a deal with Apple, EMI began selling DRM-free, higher-quality songs on the iTunes Stores, in a category called \"iTunes Plus.\" While individual songs were made available at a cost of US$1.29, 30\u00a2 more than the cost of a regular DRM song, entire albums were available for the same price, US$9.99, as DRM encoded albums. On October 17, 2007, Apple lowered the cost of individual iTunes Plus songs to US$0.99 per song, the same as DRM encoded tracks. On January 6, 2009, Apple announced that DRM has been removed from 80% of the music catalog, and that it would be removed from all music by April 2009."}], ["Talian iPod boleh memainkan beberapa format fail audio termasuk MP3, AAC / M4A, Dilindungi AAC, AIFF, WAV, audiobook Audible, dan Apple Lossless. Foto iPod memperkenalkan keupayaan untuk memaparkan format fail imej JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, dan PNG. Klasik iPod generasi keenam dan keenam, serta iPod Nanos generasi ketiga, juga boleh memainkan format video MPEG-4 (H.264 / MPEG-4 AVC) dan format video QuickTime, dengan batasan pada dimensi video, teknik pengekodan dan kadar data. Pada mulanya, perisian iPod hanya bekerja dengan Mac OS; Perisian iPod untuk Microsoft Windows dilancarkan dengan model generasi kedua. Tidak seperti kebanyakan pemain media lain, Apple tidak menyokong format audio WMA Microsoft-tetapi penukar untuk fail WMA tanpa Pengurusan Hak Digital (DRM) disediakan dengan versi Windows iTunes. Fail MIDI juga tidak dapat dimainkan, tetapi boleh ditukar ke fail audio menggunakan menu \"Lanjutan\" di iTunes. Format audio alternatif sumber terbuka, seperti Ogg Vorbis dan FLAC, tidak disokong tanpa memasang firmware tersuai ke iPod (mis., Rockbox). <> Apakah nama format audio yang dibangunkan oleh Apple? || Apple Lossless <> Produk yang membolehkan pengguna untuk melihat imej pada peranti? || Foto iPod <> Apakah format media Microsoft tidak disokong secara asal oleh peranti Apple? || WMA <> Apakah DRM berdiri? || Pengurusan Hak Digital <> Apa OS komputer melakukan perisian iPod secara eksklusif berfungsi pada pelancaran? || Mac OS <> Apakah beberapa contoh format audio yang disokong oleh iPod? || MP3, AAC / M4A, Dilindungi AAC, AIFF, WAV, audiobook Audible dan Apple Lossless <> Apakah model pertama yang menyokong JPEG dan format imej masih lagi? || foto iPod", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of an audio format developed by Apple?", "id": "56cc858b6d243a140015efe8", "answers": [{"text": "Apple Lossless", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which product enabled users to view images on the device?", "id": "56cc858b6d243a140015efe9", "answers": [{"text": "iPod photo", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Microsoft media format is not natively supported by Apple devices?", "id": "56cc858b6d243a140015efeb", "answers": [{"text": "WMA", "answer_start": 674}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does DRM stand for?", "id": "56cc858b6d243a140015efec", "answers": [{"text": "Digital Rights Management", "answer_start": 729}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What computer OS did iPod software exclusively work with at launch?", "id": "56cfb618234ae51400d9bebb", "answers": [{"text": "Mac OS", "answer_start": 515}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some examples of audio formats supported by the iPod?", "id": "56cfb618234ae51400d9bebd", "answers": [{"text": "MP3, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC, AIFF, WAV, Audible audiobook, and Apple Lossless", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first model to support JPEG and other still image formats?", "id": "56cfb618234ae51400d9bebe", "answers": [{"text": "iPod photo", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The iPod line can play several audio file formats including MP3, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC, AIFF, WAV, Audible audiobook, and Apple Lossless. The iPod photo introduced the ability to display JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG image file formats. Fifth and sixth generation iPod Classics, as well as third generation iPod Nanos, can additionally play MPEG-4 (H.264/MPEG-4 AVC) and QuickTime video formats, with restrictions on video dimensions, encoding techniques and data-rates. Originally, iPod software only worked with Mac OS; iPod software for Microsoft Windows was launched with the second generation model. Unlike most other media players, Apple does not support Microsoft's WMA audio format\u2014but a converter for WMA files without Digital Rights Management (DRM) is provided with the Windows version of iTunes. MIDI files also cannot be played, but can be converted to audio files using the \"Advanced\" menu in iTunes. Alternative open-source audio formats, such as Ogg Vorbis and FLAC, are not supported without installing custom firmware onto an iPod (e.g., Rockbox)."}], ["iTunes 7 dan ke atas boleh memindahkan media yang dibeli daripada iTunes Store dari iPod ke komputer, dengan syarat komputer yang mengandungi media yang dilindungi DRM ini dibenarkan untuk memainkannya. <> Apakah jenis keselamatan yang menentukan jika fail yang dipindahkan ke komputer boleh dimainkan? || DRM <> Apa versi minimum iTunes diperlukan untuk memindahkan media yang dibeli dari iPod ke komputer yang diberi kuasa? || iTunes 7", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of security determines if files moved to a computer can be played?", "id": "56cd5a7362d2951400fa652f", "answers": [{"text": "DRM", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What minimum version of iTunes is required to transfer purchased media from an iPod to an authorized computer?", "id": "56cfc516234ae51400d9bf4d", "answers": [{"text": "iTunes 7", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "iTunes 7 and above can transfer purchased media of the iTunes Store from an iPod to a computer, provided that computer containing the DRM protected media is authorized to play it."}], ["Fail media disimpan di iPod dalam folder tersembunyi, bersama dengan fail pangkalan data proprietari. Kandungan tersembunyi boleh diakses pada sistem pengendalian tuan rumah dengan membolehkan fail tersembunyi ditunjukkan. Fail media kemudiannya dapat dipulihkan secara manual dengan menyalin fail atau folder dari iPod. Banyak aplikasi pihak ketiga juga membenarkan penyalinan fail media mudah dari iPod. <> Dalam folder apa jenis file yang terletak di iPod? || tersembunyi <> Pada apa jenis sistem operasi boleh menyembunyikan fail iPod boleh diakses? || hos <> Apakah kaedah pemulihan fail yang digunakan untuk mengambil data dari iPod? || manual", {"qas": [{"question": "In what kind of folder are files located in the iPod?", "id": "56cd5d3a62d2951400fa653c", "answers": [{"text": "hidden", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what kind of operating system can hidden iPod files be accessed?", "id": "56cd5d3a62d2951400fa653d", "answers": [{"text": "host", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What method of file recovery is used to retrieve data from the iPod?", "id": "56cd5d3a62d2951400fa653e", "answers": [{"text": "manual", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Media files are stored on an iPod in a hidden folder, along with a proprietary database file. The hidden content can be accessed on the host operating system by enabling hidden files to be shown. The media files can then be recovered manually by copying the files or folders off the iPod. Many third-party applications also allow easy copying of media files off of an iPod."}], ["Tidak seperti ramai pemain MP3 lain, hanya menyalin fail audio atau video ke pemacu dengan aplikasi pengurusan fail biasa tidak akan membenarkan iPod mengaksesnya dengan betul. Pengguna mesti menggunakan perisian yang direka khusus untuk memindahkan fail media ke iPod, supaya fail dimainkan dan boleh dilihat. Biasanya iTunes digunakan untuk memindahkan media ke iPod, walaupun beberapa aplikasi pihak ketiga alternatif boleh didapati di beberapa platform yang berbeza. <> Program jenis apa yang biasanya digunakan untuk memindahkan fail antara iTunes dan iPod? || iTunes <> Apa jenis aplikasi lain yang membolehkan komunikasi antara iTunes dan iPod? || pihak ketiga <> Daripada menyalin fail media secara terus ke dalamnya, apa perisian harus digunakan untuk tujuan ini agar dapat diakses? || iTunes", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind program is commonly used to move files between iTunes and an iPod?", "id": "56cd59a162d2951400fa652a", "answers": [{"text": "iTunes", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of other applications enable communication between iTunes and an iPod?", "id": "56cd59a162d2951400fa652b", "answers": [{"text": "third-party", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Rather than copying media files directly to it, what software must be used for this purpose so that they are accessible?", "id": "56cfc4d6234ae51400d9bf4b", "answers": [{"text": "iTunes", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Unlike many other MP3 players, simply copying audio or video files to the drive with a typical file management application will not allow an iPod to properly access them. The user must use software that has been specifically designed to transfer media files to iPods, so that the files are playable and viewable. Usually iTunes is used to transfer media to an iPod, though several alternative third-party applications are available on a number of different platforms."}], ["Dengan pihak ketiga seperti Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, dan Hudson Soft semua membuat permainan untuk iPod, pemain MP3 Apple telah mengambil langkah ke arah memasuki pasaran konsol pegang tangan permainan video. Malah majalah permainan video seperti GamePro dan EGM telah mengkaji dan menilai kebanyakan permainan mereka sehingga lewat. <> Apakah nama syarikat yang menghasilkan permainan video untuk pemain MP3 Apple? || Namco, Square Enix, Seni Elektronik, Sega, dan Hudson Soft <> Pasar apa yang boleh Apple berpartisipasi dalam sekarang bahawa ia mempunyai pelbagai permainan yang tersedia untuk iPod? || pasaran video konsol pegang tangan video <> Apa dua penerbitan telah meliputi permainan iPod? || GamePro dan EGM", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the names of companies producing video games for Apple's MP3 player?", "id": "56cca27d6d243a140015f04c", "answers": [{"text": "Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What market can Apple participate in now that it has a variety of games available for iPod?", "id": "56cca27d6d243a140015f04d", "answers": [{"text": "video game handheld console market", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two publications have covered iPod games?", "id": "56cca27d6d243a140015f04e", "answers": [{"text": "GamePro and EGM", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "With third parties like Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft all making games for the iPod, Apple's MP3 player has taken steps towards entering the video game handheld console market. Even video game magazines like GamePro and EGM have reviewed and rated most of their games as of late."}], ["Permainan video boleh dimainkan pada pelbagai versi iPod. IPod asli mempunyai Brick permainan (yang pada asalnya dicipta oleh pengasas bersama Apple Steve Wozniak) termasuk sebagai ciri tersembunyi telur Paskah; versi firmware kemudian menambahnya sebagai pilihan menu. Kemudian semakan iPod ditambah tiga lagi permainan: Parachute, Solitaire, dan Quiz Muzik. <> Pada apa peranti boleh digunakan untuk permainan video? || iPod <> Apa yang disertakan pada iPod pertama? || Bata <> Siapa yang membuat Bata? || Steve Wozniak <> Apa tiga permainan, sebagai tambahan kepada Brick, yang telah disertakan dengan iPod? || Parasut, Solitaire, dan Kuiz Muzik <> Apakah frasa lain yang bermaksud ciri tersembunyi? || telur Paskah <> Apa yang pertama, permainan tersembunyi disertakan dengan iPod asli? || Bata <> Apa permainan lain kemudian ditambah ke iPod asli? || Parasut, Solitaire, dan Kuiz Muzik", {"qas": [{"question": "On what devices can video games be used?", "id": "56cc92346d243a140015f038", "answers": [{"text": "iPods", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was included on the first iPod?", "id": "56cc92346d243a140015f039", "answers": [{"text": "Brick", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created Brick?", "id": "56cc92346d243a140015f03a", "answers": [{"text": "Steve Wozniak", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are three games, in addition to Brick, which have been included with the iPod?", "id": "56cc92346d243a140015f03b", "answers": [{"text": "Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz", "answer_start": 295}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another phrase meaning hidden feature?", "id": "56cc92346d243a140015f03c", "answers": [{"text": "easter egg", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first, hidden game included with the original iPod?", "id": "56cfba3b234ae51400d9bf11", "answers": [{"text": "Brick", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other games were later added to the original iPod?", "id": "56cfba3b234ae51400d9bf12", "answers": [{"text": "Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz", "answer_start": 295}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Video games are playable on various versions of iPods. The original iPod had the game Brick (originally invented by Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak) included as an easter egg hidden feature; later firmware versions added it as a menu option. Later revisions of the iPod added three more games: Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz."}], ["Permainan dalam bentuk fail .ipg, yang sebenarnya adalah arkib .zip yang menyamar [petikan diperlukan]. Apabila unzipped, mereka mendedahkan fail boleh laku bersama-sama dengan fail audio dan imej biasa, yang membawa kepada kemungkinan permainan pihak ketiga. Apple tidak melepaskan kit pembangunan perisian (SDK) untuk pembangunan khusus iPod. Apl yang dihasilkan dengan SDK iPhone serasi hanya dengan IOS pada iPod Touch dan iPhone, yang tidak dapat menjalankan permainan berasaskan clickwheel. <> Format apa yang digunakan untuk fail permainan iPod? || .ipg <> Apakah format fail yang dilindungi oleh penggunaan fail ipg? || .zip <> Apakah SDK berdiri? || kit pembangunan perisian <> Apa satu-satunya sistem operasi di mana permainan SDK yang dibuat oleh iPhone boleh dimainkan? || iOS <> Apakah format fail yang disebarkan dalam permainan iPod? || .ipg <> Aplikasi yang dihasilkan dengan SDK iPhone hanya boleh berjalan pada peranti apa? || iPod Touch dan iPhone <> Adakah SDK Apple tersedia untuk penerbit permainan pihak ketiga? || tidak", {"qas": [{"question": "What format is used for iPod game files?", "id": "56cca3676d243a140015f052", "answers": [{"text": ".ipg", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What file format is being covered up by the use of ipg files?", "id": "56cca3676d243a140015f053", "answers": [{"text": ".zip", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does SDK stand for?", "id": "56cca3676d243a140015f054", "answers": [{"text": "software development kit", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the only operating system on which iPhone SDK-made games can be played?", "id": "56cca3676d243a140015f055", "answers": [{"text": "iOS", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What file format are iPod games distributed in?", "id": "56cfbaed234ae51400d9bf23", "answers": [{"text": ".ipg", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "An app produced with the iPhone SDK can only run on what devices?", "id": "56cfbaed234ae51400d9bf24", "answers": [{"text": "iPod Touch and iPhone", "answer_start": 408}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is the Apple SDK available to third-party game publishers?", "id": "56cfbaed234ae51400d9bf25", "answers": [{"text": "not", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The games are in the form of .ipg files, which are actually .zip archives in disguise[citation needed]. When unzipped, they reveal executable files along with common audio and image files, leading to the possibility of third party games. Apple has not publicly released a software development kit (SDK) for iPod-specific development. Apps produced with the iPhone SDK are compatible only with the iOS on the iPod Touch and iPhone, which cannot run clickwheel-based games."}], ["Pada 24 Ogos 2006, Apple dan Creative mengumumkan penyelesaian yang luas untuk menamatkan pertikaian undang-undang mereka. Apple akan membayar Kreatif AS $ 100 juta untuk lesen berbayar, untuk menggunakan paten yang diberikan Kreatif dalam semua produk Apple. Sebagai sebahagian daripada perjanjian itu, Apple akan menerima sebahagian daripada pembayarannya, jika Kreatif berjaya melesenkan paten itu. Kreatif kemudian mengumumkan hasratnya untuk menghasilkan aksesori iPod dengan menyertai program Made for iPod. <> Bilakah Kreatif dan Apple mencapai persetujuan terhadap isu harta intelek mereka? || 24 Ogos 2006 <> Berapa banyak wang yang perlu dibayar oleh Apple kepada Kreatif akibat perjanjian mereka? || $ 100 juta <> Program apa yang dilakukan oleh Creative untuk membuat perkakasan iPod? || Dibuat untuk iPod <> Berapa banyak Apple membayar kepada Teknologi Kreatif untuk menyelesaikan saman 2006 mereka? || $ 100 juta <> Apa nama program yang pihak ketiga menjual aksesori iPod? || program Made for iPod", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Creative and Apple come to an agreement over their intellectual property issues?", "id": "56cd673a62d2951400fa657e", "answers": [{"text": "August 24, 2006", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money did Apple have to pay to Creative as a result of their agreement?", "id": "56cd673a62d2951400fa657f", "answers": [{"text": "$100 million", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What program did Creative join in order to make iPod peripherals?", "id": "56cd673a62d2951400fa6580", "answers": [{"text": "Made for iPod", "answer_start": 412}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did Apple pay to Creative Technologies to settle their 2006 suit?", "id": "56cfd66d234ae51400d9bf6f", "answers": [{"text": "$100 million", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the name of the program by which 3rd parties sell iPod accessories?", "id": "56cfd66d234ae51400d9bf70", "answers": [{"text": "the Made for iPod program", "answer_start": 408}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On August 24, 2006, Apple and Creative announced a broad settlement to end their legal disputes. Apple will pay Creative US$100 million for a paid-up license, to use Creative's awarded patent in all Apple products. As part of the agreement, Apple will recoup part of its payment, if Creative is successful in licensing the patent. Creative then announced its intention to produce iPod accessories by joining the Made for iPod program."}], ["Pada tahun 2005, Apple menghadapi dua tindakan undang-undang yang mendakwa pelanggaran paten oleh talian iPod dan teknologi yang berkaitan: Advanced Audio Devices mendakwa talian iPod melanggar patennya pada \"jukebox muzik\", manakala syarikat portfolio IP yang berpangkalan di Hong Kong dipanggil Pat-hak yang difailkan saman yang menuntut bahawa teknologi FairPlay Apple melanggar paten yang dikeluarkan kepada pencipta Ho Keung Tse. Kes ini juga termasuk kedai muzik dalam talian Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, dan Musicmatch sebagai defendan. <> Dalam tahun apakah Apple menghadapi pelbagai tuntutan harta intelektual? || 2005 <> Apa tindakan undang-undang 2005 menuduh Apple lakukan? || pelanggaran hak paten <> Apa syarikat lain dinamakan dalam saman yang difailkan oleh Hak Paten? || Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, dan Musicmatch <> Bagi pihak yang melakukan Pat-hak mengambil Apple ke mahkamah? || Ho Keung Tse <> Syarikat mana yang menyaman Apple kerana melanggar paten \"jukebox muzik\" pada tahun 2005? || Advanced Audio Devices <> Teknologi Apple mana yang Pat-hak mengadu melanggar paten mereka dalam tuntutan? || FairPlay", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Apple face multiple intellectual property lawsuits?", "id": "56cd5df262d2951400fa6542", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the 2005 lawsuits accuse Apple of doing?", "id": "56cd5df262d2951400fa6543", "answers": [{"text": "patent infringement", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other companies were named in the suit filed by Pat-rights?", "id": "56cd5df262d2951400fa6545", "answers": [{"text": "Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, and Musicmatch", "answer_start": 426}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On whose behalf did Pat-rights take Apple to court?", "id": "56cd5df262d2951400fa6546", "answers": [{"text": "Ho Keung Tse", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which company sued Apple for breach of a \"music jukebox\" patent in 2005?", "id": "56cfd4b6234ae51400d9bf67", "answers": [{"text": "Advanced Audio Devices", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Apple technology did Pat-rights complain breached their patent in a lawsuit?", "id": "56cfd4b6234ae51400d9bf68", "answers": [{"text": "FairPlay", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2005, Apple faced two lawsuits claiming patent infringement by the iPod line and its associated technologies: Advanced Audio Devices claimed the iPod line breached its patent on a \"music jukebox\", while a Hong Kong-based IP portfolio company called Pat-rights filed a suit claiming that Apple's FairPlay technology breached a patent issued to inventor Ho Keung Tse. The latter case also includes the online music stores of Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, and Musicmatch as defendants."}], ["Pada September 2006, iTunes Store mula menawarkan permainan tambahan untuk pembelian dengan pelancaran iTunes 7, serasi dengan iPod generasi kelima dengan perisian iPod 1.2 atau lebih baru. Permainan tersebut adalah: Bejeweled, Cubis 2, Mahjong, Golf Mini, Pac-Man, Tetris, Texas Hold 'Em, Vortex, Aspal 4: Elite Racing dan Zuma. Permainan tambahan telah ditambahkan. Permainan ini berfungsi pada iPod Classic generasi ke-6 dan ke-5 dan iPod Nano generasi ke-5 dan ke-4. <> Dalam tahun apakah kedai iTunes mula membenarkan pengguna membeli permainan video? || 2006 <> Versi mana iTunes yang diperkenalkan dengan keupayaan untuk membeli permainan? || iTunes 7 <> Apakah generasi pertama iPod Classic yang mana permainan seperti Mahjong dan Tetris boleh dimainkan? || Generasi ke-5 <> Di mana generasi iPod Nano boleh dimainkan? || Generasi ke-4 <> Pada tahun apakah pelancaran iTunes 7, bersama dengan banyak permainan tambahan? || 2006 <> Generasi iPod apa yang diperlukan untuk menikmati permainan baru yang tersedia di iTunes 7? || kelima", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the iTunes store begin allowing users to buy video games?", "id": "56cca2066d243a140015f042", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which version of iTunes was introduced with the ability to purchase games?", "id": "56cca2066d243a140015f043", "answers": [{"text": "iTunes 7", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first generation of iPod Classic on which games like Mahjong and Tetris could be played?", "id": "56cca2066d243a140015f045", "answers": [{"text": "5th generation", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On which generation of iPod Nano can games be played?", "id": "56cca2066d243a140015f046", "answers": [{"text": "4th generation", "answer_start": 434}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did iTunes 7 launch, along with a plethora of additional games?", "id": "56cfba85234ae51400d9bf15", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which generation iPod was required to enjoy the new games available on iTunes 7?", "id": "56cfba85234ae51400d9bf16", "answers": [{"text": "fifth", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In September 2006, the iTunes Store began to offer additional games for purchase with the launch of iTunes 7, compatible with the fifth generation iPod with iPod software 1.2 or later. Those games were: Bejeweled, Cubis 2, Mahjong, Mini Golf, Pac-Man, Tetris, Texas Hold 'Em, Vortex, Asphalt 4: Elite Racing and Zuma. Additional games have since been added. These games work on the 6th and 5th generation iPod Classic and the 5th and 4th generation iPod Nano."}], ["Permohonan Apple ke Pejabat Paten dan Tanda Dagangan Amerika Syarikat untuk paten pada \"input pengguna putar\", seperti yang digunakan pada antara muka iPod, menerima \"penolakan tidak akhir\" (NFR) ketiga pada bulan Ogos 2005. Juga pada bulan Ogos 2005, Teknologi Kreatif , salah satu saingan utama Apple dalam pasaran pemain MP3, mengumumkan bahawa ia telah memegang paten di sebahagian antara muka pemilihan muzik yang digunakan oleh garisan iPod, yang Teknologi Kreatif menggelar \"Zen Patent\", yang diberikan pada 9 Ogos 2005. Pada bulan Mei 15, 2006, Creative memfailkan saman lain terhadap Apple dengan Mahkamah Daerah Amerika Syarikat untuk Daerah Utara California. Kreatif juga meminta Suruhanjaya Perdagangan Antarabangsa Amerika Syarikat untuk menyiasat sama ada Apple melanggar undang-undang perdagangan A.S. dengan mengimport iPod ke Amerika Syarikat. <> Komponen antara muka apakah percubaan Apple untuk paten pada tahun 2005? || input pengguna bergilir <> Bilakah Apple menerima keputusan mengenai percubaannya untuk memasukkan paten pengguna putar? || Ogos 2005 <> Pihak pesaing mana yang menyaman Apple atas hak untuk sebahagian daripada antara muka pengguna perisian? || Teknologi Kreatif <> Apakah nama paten yang Kreatif menegaskan pemilikannya? || Zen Paten <> Dari mana entiti yang Creative memohon penyiasatan ke Apple mengimport peranti mereka ke Amerika Syarikat? || </> Apakah ciri antara muka Apple tidak berjaya mencuba paten? || input pengguna putaran <> Syarikat pesaing mana yang menyaman Apple pada tahun 2005 dan 2006? || Teknologi Kreatif", {"qas": [{"question": "What interface component did Apple attempt to patent in 2005?", "id": "56cd66bc62d2951400fa6574", "answers": [{"text": "rotational user inputs", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Apple receive a decision on its attempt to patent rotational user inputs?", "id": "56cd66bc62d2951400fa6575", "answers": [{"text": "August 2005", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which competitor sued Apple over rights to part of the software user interface?", "id": "56cd66bc62d2951400fa6576", "answers": [{"text": "Creative Technology", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the patent over which Creative asserted its ownership?", "id": "56cd66bc62d2951400fa6577", "answers": [{"text": "Zen Patent", "answer_start": 432}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From which entity did Creative request an investigation into Apple importing their devices to the US?", "id": "56cd66bc62d2951400fa6578", "answers": [{"text": "United States International Trade Commission", "answer_start": 634}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What interface feature did Apple unsuccessfully try to patent?", "id": "56cfd515234ae51400d9bf6b", "answers": [{"text": "rotational user inputs", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which rival company sued Apple in 2005 and 2006?", "id": "56cfd515234ae51400d9bf6c", "answers": [{"text": "Creative Technology", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Apple's application to the United States Patent and Trademark Office for a patent on \"rotational user inputs\", as used on the iPod interface, received a third \"non-final rejection\" (NFR) in August 2005. Also in August 2005, Creative Technology, one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market, announced that it held a patent on part of the music selection interface used by the iPod line, which Creative Technology dubbed the \"Zen Patent\", granted on August 9, 2005. On May 15, 2006, Creative filed another suit against Apple with the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Creative also asked the United States International Trade Commission to investigate whether Apple was breaching U.S. trade laws by importing iPods into the United States."}], ["Pada 22 Januari 2008, Apple melaporkan pendapatan suku tahunan dan pendapatan terbaik dalam sejarah Apple setakat ini. Apple mencatatkan hasil rekod sebanyak AS $ 9.6 bilion dan mencatatkan keuntungan suku tahunan bersih AS $ 1.58 bilion. 42% daripada pendapatan Apple untuk suku fiskal Pertama tahun 2008 datang daripada jualan iPod, diikuti oleh 21% dari jualan notebook dan 16% dari jualan desktop. <> Bilakah Apple mendedahkan ia telah mencapai pendapatan suku tahunan tertinggi sehingga kini? || 22 Januari 2008 <> Apa keuntungan suku tahunan tertinggi Apple pada Q1 2008? || $ 1.58 bilion <> Berapa banyak pendapatan Apple yang dihasilkan daripada pembelian komputer riba pada Q1 2008? || 21% <> Apakah peratusan pendapatan Epal pada 1Q08 datang dari iPod, lebih daripada dua kali ganda peratusan jualan notebook? || 42%", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Apple reveal it had achieved its highest quarterly earnings to date?", "id": "56cd788162d2951400fa65e6", "answers": [{"text": "January 22, 2008", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Apple's highest quarterly profit as of Q1 2008?", "id": "56cd788162d2951400fa65e7", "answers": [{"text": "$1.58 billion", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of Apple's revenue resulted from purchases of laptop computers in Q1 2008?", "id": "56cd788162d2951400fa65e8", "answers": [{"text": "21%", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Apples revenue in 1Q08 came from iPods, more than doubling the percentage of notebook sales?", "id": "56d12dc117492d1400aabb76", "answers": [{"text": "42%", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On January 22, 2008, Apple reported the best quarter revenue and earnings in Apple's history so far. Apple posted record revenue of US$9.6 billion and record net quarterly profit of US$1.58 billion. 42% of Apple's revenue for the First fiscal quarter of 2008 came from iPod sales, followed by 21% from notebook sales and 16% from desktop sales."}], ["IPod juga telah dikreditkan dengan mempercepatkan peralihan dalam industri muzik. Penyetempatan storan muzik digital iPod membolehkan pengguna untuk meninggalkan mendengar keseluruhan album dan sebaliknya dapat memilih perseorangan khusus yang menyegerakan penghujung Album Era dalam muzik popular. <> Apa tempoh muzik yang dibantu oleh iPod membantu? || Album Era <> Di mana industri iPod mempunyai kesan besar? || Industri muzik <> Apa yang mendorong iPod menggalakkan perubahan besar dalam industri muzik? || penyimpanan muzik digital <> Kemudahan mengumpul perseorangan dengan iPod dan iTunes dikreditkan dengan menamatkan apa yang \"era\" dalam muzik pop? || Album Era", {"qas": [{"question": "What period of music did the iPod help bring to a close?", "id": "56cd7bc062d2951400fa6618", "answers": [{"text": "the Album Era", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which industry did the iPod have a major impact?", "id": "56cd7bc062d2951400fa6619", "answers": [{"text": "music industry", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the iPod promote that prompted a big change in the music industry?", "id": "56cd7bc062d2951400fa661a", "answers": [{"text": "digital music storage", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The ease of collecting singles with the iPod and iTunes is credited with ending what \"era\" in pop music?", "id": "56d130df17492d1400aabbc0", "answers": [{"text": "the Album Era", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The iPod has also been credited with accelerating shifts within the music industry. The iPod's popularization of digital music storage allows users to abandon listening to entire albums and instead be able to choose specific singles which hastened the end of the Album Era in popular music."}], ["Pada 8 Januari 2004, Hewlett-Packard (HP) mengumumkan bahawa mereka akan menjual iPod berjenama HP di bawah perjanjian lesen dari Apple. Beberapa saluran runcit baru telah digunakan-termasuk Wal-Mart-dan iPod ini akhirnya menghasilkan 5% daripada semua jualan iPod. Pada bulan Julai 2005, HP berhenti menjual iPod disebabkan syarat dan syarat yang tidak diingini oleh Apple. <> Bilakah HP mengumumkan edisi sendiri iPod? || 8 Januari 2004 <> Apakah HP berdiri? || Hewlett-Packard <> Apakah peruncit utama yang menjual peranti iPod berjenama HP? || Wal-Mart <> iPod berjenama HP menyumbang bahagian pembelian iPod? || 5% <> Apakah jenis terma dan syarat yang menyebabkan HP meninggalkan pasaran iPod? || yang tidak menguntungkan <> Syarikat komputer mana yang menjual iPod daripada 2004-05 sebagai sebahagian daripada perjanjian lesen dengan Apple? || HP", {"qas": [{"question": "When did HP unveil their own edition of the iPod?", "id": "56cd687562d2951400fa6592", "answers": [{"text": "January 8, 2004", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does HP stand for?", "id": "56cd687562d2951400fa6593", "answers": [{"text": "Hewlett-Packard", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What major retailer sold HP-branded iPod devices?", "id": "56cd687562d2951400fa6594", "answers": [{"text": "Wal-Mart", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "HP-branded iPods accounted for what share of iPod purchases?", "id": "56cd687562d2951400fa6595", "answers": [{"text": "5%", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of terms and conditions led HP to leave the iPod market?", "id": "56cd687562d2951400fa6596", "answers": [{"text": "unfavorable", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which computer company sold iPods from 2004-05 as part of a license agreement with Apple?", "id": "56cfd727234ae51400d9bf79", "answers": [{"text": "HP", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On January 8, 2004, Hewlett-Packard (HP) announced that they would sell HP-branded iPods under a license agreement from Apple. Several new retail channels were used\u2014including Wal-Mart\u2014and these iPods eventually made up 5% of all iPod sales. In July 2005, HP stopped selling iPods due to unfavorable terms and conditions imposed by Apple."}], ["Pada 22 Oktober 2007, Apple melaporkan pendapatan suku tahunan sebanyak US $ 6.22 bilion, di mana 30.69% berasal dari penjualan komputer riba Apple, 19.22% daripada jualan desktop dan 26% daripada penjualan iPod. Perolehan tahun 2007 Apple meningkat kepada US $ 24.01 bilion dengan keuntungan sebanyak AS $ 3.5 bilion. Apple mengakhiri tahun fiskal 2007 dengan wang tunai AS $ 15.4 bilion dan tiada hutang. <> Apa pendapatan Apple untuk Q3 2007? || $ 6.22 bilion <> Komputer desktop menghasilkan berapa banyak pendapatan Apple pada suku ketiga tahun 2007? || 19,22% <> Berapa banyak uang yang dibuat Apple pada tahun 2007? || $ 3.5 bilion <> Apakah nilai aset tunai Apple pada akhir tahun 2007? || $ 15.4 bilion <> Dengan bantuan jualan iPod yang kuat, berapa keuntungan yang mereka lakukan pada tahun 2007? || $ 3.5 bilion", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Apple's revenue for Q3 2007?", "id": "56cd742662d2951400fa65d4", "answers": [{"text": "$6.22 billion", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Desktop computers made up how much of Apple's revenue in the third quarter of 2007?", "id": "56cd742662d2951400fa65d5", "answers": [{"text": "19.22%", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money did Apple make in 2007?", "id": "56cd742662d2951400fa65d6", "answers": [{"text": "$3.5 billion", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the value of Apple's cash assets at the end of 2007?", "id": "56cd742662d2951400fa65d7", "answers": [{"text": "$15.4 billion", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With the help of strong iPod sales, how much profit did they turn in 2007?", "id": "56d12d1e17492d1400aabb64", "answers": [{"text": "$3.5 billion", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On October 22, 2007, Apple reported quarterly revenue of US$6.22 billion, of which 30.69% came from Apple notebook sales, 19.22% from desktop sales and 26% from iPod sales. Apple's 2007 year revenue increased to US$24.01 billion with US$3.5 billion in profits. Apple ended the fiscal year 2007 with US$15.4 billion in cash and no debt."}], ["Selain memperoleh reputasi sebagai peranti hiburan yang dihormati, iPod juga telah diterima sebagai peranti perniagaan. Jabatan-jabatan kerajaan, institusi utama dan organisasi antarabangsa telah beralih kepada jalur iPod sebagai mekanisme penyampaian untuk komunikasi dan latihan perniagaan, seperti Royal dan Western Infirmaries di Glasgow, Scotland, di mana iPod digunakan untuk melatih kakitangan baru. <> Selain menggunakan rekreasi, di arena lain apa yang telah digunakan oleh iPod? || perniagaan <> Apakah dua tujuan yang digunakan oleh iPod dalam perniagaan? || komunikasi dan latihan <> Apakah nama syarikat yang menggunakan iPod sebagai sebahagian daripada latihannya? || Royal dan Western Infirmaries <> Di mana Royal dan Western Infirmaries terletak? || Glasgow, Scotland", {"qas": [{"question": "Aside from recreational use, in what other arena have iPods found use?", "id": "56cd7ab462d2951400fa660a", "answers": [{"text": "business", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two purposes for which iPods are used in business?", "id": "56cd7ab462d2951400fa660b", "answers": [{"text": "communication and training", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of a company that uses iPods as part of its training?", "id": "56cd7ab462d2951400fa660c", "answers": [{"text": "Royal and Western Infirmaries", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Royal and Western Infirmaries located?", "id": "56cd7ab462d2951400fa660d", "answers": [{"text": "Glasgow, Scotland", "answer_start": 334}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Besides earning a reputation as a respected entertainment device, the iPod has also been accepted as a business device. Government departments, major institutions and international organisations have turned to the iPod line as a delivery mechanism for business communication and training, such as the Royal and Western Infirmaries in Glasgow, Scotland, where iPods are used to train new staff."}], ["Pada 9 April 2007, ia diumumkan bahawa Apple telah menjual iPod seratus juta jutanya, menjadikannya pemain muzik digital paling laris sepanjang zaman. Pada April 2007, Apple melaporkan pendapatan suku kedua sebanyak AS $ 5.2 bilion, di mana 32% dibuat daripada penjualan iPod. Apple dan beberapa penganalisis industri mencadangkan pengguna iPod cenderung untuk membeli produk Apple lain seperti komputer Mac. <> Berapa banyak iPod yang Apple mendedahkannya dijual pada bulan April 2007? || ratus juta <> Berapa pendapatan Apple dihasilkan oleh pembelian iPod pada Q2 2007? || 32% <> Apa item yang pemilik iPod juga boleh membeli? || Mac komputer <> Berapa banyak pendapatan yang diumumkan Apple untuk Q2 2007? || $ 5.2 bilion <> Di mana tahun jualan Apple teratas 100,000,000 iPod? || 2007 <> Sehingga tahun 2007, berapa peratusan pendapatan Apple datang dari jualan iPod? || 32%", {"qas": [{"question": "How many iPods did Apple reveal it sold in April of 2007?", "id": "56cd73af62d2951400fa65c4", "answers": [{"text": "hundred million", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of Apple's revenue was generated by iPod purchases in Q2 of 2007?", "id": "56cd73af62d2951400fa65c5", "answers": [{"text": "32%", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an item that owners of iPods may also purchase?", "id": "56cd73af62d2951400fa65c6", "answers": [{"text": "Mac computers", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much revenue did Apple announce for Q2 2007?", "id": "56cd73af62d2951400fa65c7", "answers": [{"text": "$5.2 billion", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which year did Apple top sales of 100,000,000 iPods?", "id": "56d12cc017492d1400aabb58", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of 2007, what percentage of Apple's revenue came from iPod sales?", "id": "56d12cc017492d1400aabb59", "answers": [{"text": "32%", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On April 9, 2007, it was announced that Apple had sold its one-hundred millionth iPod, making it the biggest selling digital music player of all time. In April 2007, Apple reported second quarter revenue of US$5.2 billion, of which 32% was made from iPod sales. Apple and several industry analysts suggest that iPod users are likely to purchase other Apple products such as Mac computers."}], ["iPod juga mendapat populariti untuk digunakan dalam pendidikan. Apple menawarkan lebih banyak maklumat tentang penggunaan pendidikan untuk iPod di laman web mereka, termasuk koleksi rancangan pelajaran. Terdapat juga penyelidikan akademik yang dilakukan di kawasan ini dalam pendidikan kejururawatan dan pendidikan umum yang lebih umum K-16. Universiti Duke menyediakan iPod kepada semua orang baru yang masuk pada musim gugur tahun 2004, dan program iPod diteruskan hari ini dengan pengubahsuaian. Hiburan Weekly meletakkannya pada dekad terakhirnya, \"senarai terbaik\", berkata, \"Ya, kanak-kanak, ada benar-benar ketika kami menjelajah bumi tanpa beribu-ribu kesesakan kegemaran kami terselip dengan selesa ke dalam kantong pinggul kami Pelik. \" <> Apa Universiti memberikan iPod kepada pelajar tahun pertama pada tahun 2004? || Duke <> Apakah penerbitan yang memuji iPod untuk membolehkan orang ramai mendengar ribuan lagu pada pemain mudah alih? || Hiburan Mingguan <> Universiti utama mana yang mula mengeluarkan iPod kepada semua orang baru yang masuk bermula pada tahun 2004? || Duke <> Majalah mana yang meletakkan iPod pada senarai Terbaik dari Decade untuk 00? || Hiburan Mingguan", {"qas": [{"question": "What University gave an iPod to first year students in 2004?", "id": "56cd7b4162d2951400fa6613", "answers": [{"text": "Duke", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What publication lauded the iPod for enabling people to listen to thousands of songs on a portable player?", "id": "56cd7b4162d2951400fa6614", "answers": [{"text": "Entertainment Weekly", "answer_start": 418}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which major university began issuing iPods to all incoming freshmen starting in 2004?", "id": "56d12fe417492d1400aabbac", "answers": [{"text": "Duke", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which magazine placed the iPod on its Best of the Decade list for the 00's?", "id": "56d12fe417492d1400aabbad", "answers": [{"text": "Entertainment Weekly", "answer_start": 418}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "iPods have also gained popularity for use in education. Apple offers more information on educational uses for iPods on their website, including a collection of lesson plans. There has also been academic research done in this area in nursing education and more general K-16 education. Duke University provided iPods to all incoming freshmen in the fall of 2004, and the iPod program continues today with modifications. Entertainment Weekly put it on its end-of-the-decade, \"best-of\" list, saying, \"Yes, children, there really was a time when we roamed the earth without thousands of our favorite jams tucked comfortably into our hip pockets. Weird.\""}], ["Pada 21 Oktober 2008, Apple melaporkan bahawa hanya 14.21% daripada jumlah hasil bagi suku fiskal 4 tahun 2008 berasal dari iPod. Pada pembentangan utama pada 9 September 2009 di Acara Apple, Phil Schiller mengumumkan jumlah jualan kumulatif iPod melebihi 220 juta. Penurunan jualan iPod yang berterusan sejak tahun 2009 tidak menjadi trend mengejutkan untuk perbadanan Apple, seperti CFO Apple Peter Oppenheimer menjelaskan pada bulan Jun 2009: \"Kami menjangkakan pemain MP3 tradisional kami akan turun dari masa ke masa kerana kami dapat menghidupkan diri dengan iPod Touch dan iPhone. \" Sejak 2009, jualan iPod syarikat terus menurun setiap suku kewangan dan pada 2013 model baru tidak diperkenalkan ke pasaran. <> Siapa Ketua Pegawai Kewangan Apple pada bulan Julai 2009? || Peter Oppenheimer <> Sejak tahun apakah pembelian iPod mula terus menurun? || 2009 <> Berapakah jumlah pendapatan jualan akaun iPod pada Q4 2008? || 14.21% <> Kira-kira berapa jumlah iPod yang telah dijual pada akhir tahun 2009? || 220 juta <> Yang merupakan tahun pertama sejak pengenalan iPod yang tidak ada model baru dikeluarkan? || 2013", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was Chief Financial Officer of Apple in July of 2009?", "id": "56cd796762d2951400fa65ed", "answers": [{"text": "Peter Oppenheimer", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what year did iPod purchases begin to continuously decline?", "id": "56cd796762d2951400fa65ef", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much revenue did iPod sales account for in Q4 2008?", "id": "56cd796762d2951400fa65f0", "answers": [{"text": "14.21%", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Approximately how many total iPods had been sold by late 2009?", "id": "56d12e4917492d1400aabb84", "answers": [{"text": "220 million", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which was the first year since iPod's introduction that no new model was released?", "id": "56d12e4917492d1400aabb86", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 646}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On October 21, 2008, Apple reported that only 14.21% of total revenue for fiscal quarter 4 of year 2008 came from iPods. At the September 9, 2009 keynote presentation at the Apple Event, Phil Schiller announced total cumulative sales of iPods exceeded 220 million. The continual decline of iPod sales since 2009 has not been a surprising trend for the Apple corporation, as Apple CFO Peter Oppenheimer explained in June 2009: \"We expect our traditional MP3 players to decline over time as we cannibalize ourselves with the iPod Touch and the iPhone.\" Since 2009, the company's iPod sales have continually decreased every financial quarter and in 2013 a new model was not introduced onto the market."}], ["Sejak Oktober 2004, garisan iPod menguasai jualan pemain muzik digital di Amerika Syarikat, dengan lebih dari 90% pasaran untuk pemain berasaskan cakera keras dan lebih dari 70% pasaran untuk semua jenis pemain. Sepanjang tahun Januari 2004 hingga Januari 2005, kadar jualan yang tinggi menyebabkan bahagian pasaran A.S. meningkat dari 31% kepada 65% dan pada bulan Julai 2005, bahagian pasaran ini diukur pada 74%. Pada bulan Januari 2007 bahagian pasaran iPod mencapai 72.7% menurut Bloomberg Online. <> Sebarang bahagian pasaran pemain muzik digital AS yang dipegang oleh iPod? || 90% <> Kapan iPod menjadi pemimpin dalam jualan peranti muzik digital? || 2004 <> Berapa banyak pasaran yang membuat tuntutan iPod pada Januari 2007? || 72.7% <> Siapa yang melaporkan bahagian pasaran Apple pada tahun 2007? || Bloomberg Online <> Lebih kurang berapa peratus daripada jualan pemutar muzik berasaskan cakera keras yang ada iPod sejak tahun 2004? || 90% <> Lebih kurang berapa peratus daripada keseluruhan pasaran pemain muzik yang mempunyai garis iPod? || 70% <> Apakah bahagian puncak pasaran iPod di AS pada tahun 2005? || 74%", {"qas": [{"question": "What share of the US digital music player market does iPod hold?", "id": "56cd67e662d2951400fa6584", "answers": [{"text": "90%", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did iPod become the leader in digital music device sales?", "id": "56cd67e662d2951400fa6585", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of the market did iPod claim as of January 2007?", "id": "56cd67e662d2951400fa6586", "answers": [{"text": "72.7%", "answer_start": 441}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who reported Apple's market share in 2007?", "id": "56cd67e662d2951400fa6587", "answers": [{"text": "Bloomberg Online", "answer_start": 460}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Approximately what percentage of the hard drive-based music player sales does iPod have since 2004?", "id": "56cfd6f8234ae51400d9bf73", "answers": [{"text": "90%", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Approximately what percentage of the overall music player market does the iPod line have?", "id": "56cfd6f8234ae51400d9bf74", "answers": [{"text": "70%", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the iPod's US market share peak at in 2005?", "id": "56cfd6f8234ae51400d9bf75", "answers": [{"text": "74%", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Since October 2004, the iPod line has dominated digital music player sales in the United States, with over 90% of the market for hard drive-based players and over 70% of the market for all types of players. During the year from January 2004 to January 2005, the high rate of sales caused its U.S. market share to increase from 31% to 65% and in July 2005, this market share was measured at 74%. In January 2007 the iPod market share reached 72.7% according to Bloomberg Online."}], ["iPod telah memenangi beberapa anugerah antara kecemerlangan kejuruteraan, [bukan dalam kutipan yang diberikan] kepada kebanyakan produk audio yang inovatif, keempat produk komputer terbaik tahun 2006. iPod sering mendapat ulasan yang menggalakkan; pemarkahan pada rupa, reka bentuk yang bersih, dan kemudahan penggunaan. PC World mengatakan bahawa talian iPod telah \"mengubah landskap untuk pemain audio mudah alih\". Beberapa industri mengubah suai produk mereka untuk berfungsi dengan baik dengan kedua-dua iPod dan format audio AAC. Contohnya termasuk skim perlindungan salinan CD, dan telefon bimbit, seperti telefon dari Sony Ericsson dan Nokia, yang memainkan fail AAC dan bukannya WMA. <> Pangkat apa yang telah dicapai oleh iPod antara pelbagai produk komputer pada tahun 2006? || keempat <> Ulasan semacam apakah iPod cenderung untuk mendapatkan? || menguntungkan <> Apa dua syarikat menggunakan format AAC untuk fail muzik? || Sony Ericsson dan Nokia <> Format fail apa yang tidak disokong oleh Sony Ericsson dan Nokia? || WMA <> Penerbitan manakah yang memuji iPod untuk merevolusikan industri? || PC World <> Pengeluar telefon mana yang mengguna pakai format fail AAC untuk menjadi lebih baik daripada iPod-compatible? || Sony Ericsson dan Nokia <> Majalah PC mana yang memuji iPod kerana mempunyai \"mengubah landskap untuk pemain audio mudah alih\"? || PC World", {"qas": [{"question": "What rank did iPod achieve among various computer products in 2006?", "id": "56cd7a3f62d2951400fa6600", "answers": [{"text": "fourth", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of reviews do iPods tend to get?", "id": "56cd7a3f62d2951400fa6601", "answers": [{"text": "favorable", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two companies use the AAC format for music files?", "id": "56cd7a3f62d2951400fa6602", "answers": [{"text": "Sony Ericsson and Nokia", "answer_start": 535}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What file format is not supported by Sony Ericsson and Nokia?", "id": "56cd7a3f62d2951400fa6603", "answers": [{"text": "WMA", "answer_start": 593}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which publication praised iPods for revolutionizing the industry?", "id": "56cd7a3f62d2951400fa6604", "answers": [{"text": "PC World", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which phone manufacturers adopted the AAC file format to become better iPod-compatible?", "id": "56d12f4217492d1400aabb9a", "answers": [{"text": "Sony Ericsson and Nokia", "answer_start": 535}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which PC magazine praised the iPod for having \"altered the landscape for portable audio players\"?", "id": "56d12f4217492d1400aabb9b", "answers": [{"text": "PC World", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "iPods have won several awards ranging from engineering excellence,[not in citation given] to most innovative audio product, to fourth best computer product of 2006. iPods often receive favorable reviews; scoring on looks, clean design, and ease of use. PC World says that iPod line has \"altered the landscape for portable audio players\". Several industries are modifying their products to work better with both the iPod line and the AAC audio format. Examples include CD copy-protection schemes, and mobile phones, such as phones from Sony Ericsson and Nokia, which play AAC files rather than WMA."}], ["Pada tahun 2006, iPod dihasilkan oleh kira-kira 14,000 pekerja di A.S. dan 27,000 di luar negara. Selanjutnya, gaji yang dikaitkan dengan produk ini telah diedarkan secara teragih kepada profesional A.S. yang sangat mahir, berbanding dengan pekerja runcit yang lebih rendah dari A.S. atau buruh perkilangan luar negeri. Satu tafsiran mengenai hasil ini ialah inovasi A.S. dapat mencipta lebih banyak pekerjaan di luar negeri daripada dalam negeri. <> Apa sifat Amerika Syarikat yang boleh difikirkan untuk memimpin lebih banyak peluang pekerjaan di peringkat antarabangsa dan kurang? || inovasi", {"qas": [{"question": "What attribute of the United States could be thought to lead more international and less domestic employment opportunities?", "id": "56cd834d62d2951400fa668a", "answers": [{"text": "innovation", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As of 2006, the iPod was produced by about 14,000 workers in the U.S. and 27,000 overseas. Further, the salaries attributed to this product were overwhelmingly distributed to highly skilled U.S. professionals, as opposed to lower skilled U.S. retail employees or overseas manufacturing labor. One interpretation of this result is that U.S. innovation can create more jobs overseas than domestically."}], ["Pada tahun 2010, beberapa pekerja bunuh diri di operasi Foxconn di China. Apple, HP, dan lain-lain menyatakan bahawa mereka sedang menyiasat keadaan itu. Pengawal Foxconn telah dirakam rekod video pekerja. Seorang lagi pekerja membunuh dirinya pada tahun 2009 apabila prototaip Apple hilang, dan mendakwa dalam mesej kepada rakan-rakan, bahawa dia telah dipukul dan diinterogasi. <> Dalam tahun berapakah pekerja Cina Foxconn membunuh diri? || 2010 <> Apa yang hilang pada tahun 2009 sebelum bunuh diri pekerja Foxconn? || Prototaip Apple <> Dalam tahun apakah beberapa pekerja Foxconn membunuh diri? || 2010", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Chinese Foxconn emplyees kill themselves?", "id": "56cd828562d2951400fa6670", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What disappeared in 2009 prior to the suicide of a Foxconn employee?", "id": "56cd828562d2951400fa6672", "answers": [{"text": "Apple prototype", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did several Foxconn workers commit suicide?", "id": "56d13543e7d4791d00902004", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2010, a number of workers committed suicide at a Foxconn operations in China. Apple, HP, and others stated that they were investigating the situation. Foxconn guards have been videotaped beating employees. Another employee killed himself in 2009 when an Apple prototype went missing, and claimed in messages to friends, that he had been beaten and interrogated."}], ["Generasi pertama iPod Nano mungkin terlalu panas dan menimbulkan risiko kesihatan dan keselamatan. IPod Nanos yang terjejas telah dijual antara September 2005 dan Disember 2006. Ini disebabkan oleh bateri cacat yang digunakan oleh Apple daripada pengeluar bateri tunggal. Apple mengesyorkan bahawa pemilik iPod Nanos yang terjejas berhenti menggunakannya. Di bawah program penggantian produk Apple, Nanos yang terjejas digantikan dengan Nanos generasi semasa secara percuma. <> Apa bahagian iPod Nano yang menjadi punca masalah overheating? || bateri <> Program apa yang membolehkan pengguna menukar iPod Nanos yang mengalami masalah terlalu panas dengan model selamat baru? || Program gantian produk Apple", {"qas": [{"question": "What part of the iPod Nano was the cause of the overheating issue?", "id": "56cd7e4462d2951400fa664b", "answers": [{"text": "battery", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What program allowed users to exchange iPod Nanos which suffered from overheating problems with new safe models?", "id": "56cd7e4462d2951400fa664d", "answers": [{"text": "Apple product replacement program", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first generation iPod Nano may overheat and pose a health and safety risk. Affected iPod Nanos were sold between September 2005 and December 2006. This is due to a flawed battery used by Apple from a single battery manufacturer. Apple recommended that owners of affected iPod Nanos stop using them. Under an Apple product replacement program, affected Nanos were replaced with current generation Nanos free of charge."}], ["Pada 11 Jun 2006, tabloid British The Mail pada hari Ahad melaporkan bahawa iPod terutamanya dibuat oleh pekerja yang memperoleh tidak lebih daripada AS $ 50 sebulan dan kerja shift 15-jam. Apple menyelidiki kes itu dengan juruaudit bebas dan mendapati bahawa, sementara beberapa amalan buruh loji memenuhi Tatakelakuan Apple, yang lain tidak: pekerja bekerja lebih dari 60 jam seminggu selama 35% masa itu, dan bekerja lebih dari enam hari berturut-turut untuk 25% daripada masa. <> Apakah penerbitan yang mendedahkan maklumat tentang keadaan kerja buruh iPod? || Mail pada Ahad <> Apa yang mentadbir dasar pekerja pengeluar iPod? || Tatakelakuan Apple <> Berapa peratus masa yang dilakukan The Mail pada pekerja tuntutan Ahad yang bekerja selama sekurang-kurangnya tujuh hari lurus? || 25 <> Tabloid British mana yang menuduh Apple tidak mempunyai syarat pekerja yang tidak adil pada tahun 2006? || The Mail <> Berapa peratus daripada pekerja pembuatan Apple bekerja lebih dari 60 jam seminggu? || 35%", {"qas": [{"question": "What publication revealed information about the working conditions of iPod labor?", "id": "56cd7f9162d2951400fa665c", "answers": [{"text": "The Mail on Sunday", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What governs iPod manufacturers' labor policies?", "id": "56cd7f9162d2951400fa665f", "answers": [{"text": "Apple's Code of Conduct", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the time did The Mail on Sunday claim workers labored for at least seven straight days?", "id": "56cd7f9162d2951400fa6660", "answers": [{"text": "25", "answer_start": 438}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which British tabloid accused Apple of unfair worker conditions in 2006?", "id": "56d13443e7d4791d00901feb", "answers": [{"text": "The Mail", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Apple's manufacturing employees worked over 60 hour weeks?", "id": "56d13443e7d4791d00901fec", "answers": [{"text": "35%", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On June 11, 2006, the British tabloid The Mail on Sunday reported that iPods are mainly manufactured by workers who earn no more than US$50 per month and work 15-hour shifts. Apple investigated the case with independent auditors and found that, while some of the plant's labour practices met Apple's Code of Conduct, others did not: employees worked over 60 hours a week for 35% of the time, and worked more than six consecutive days for 25% of the time."}], ["Semua iPod kecuali untuk iPod Touch boleh berfungsi dalam \"mod cakera\" sebagai peranti storan massa untuk menyimpan fail data tetapi ini mungkin bukan tingkah laku lalai, dan dalam kes iPod Touch, memerlukan perisian khas. iPod diformatkan pada komputer Mac OS, ia menggunakan format sistem fail HFS +, yang membolehkan ia berfungsi sebagai cakera boot untuk komputer Mac. Sekiranya ia diformatkan pada Windows, format FAT32 digunakan. Dengan melepaskan iPod serasi Windows, sistem fail lalai yang digunakan pada baris iPod dialihkan dari HFS + ke FAT32, walaupun ia boleh diubahsuai sama ada pada sistem fail (tidak termasuk iPod Shuffle yang tegasnya FAT32). Pada umumnya, jika iPod baru (tidak termasuk iPod Shuffle) pada mulanya dipasang ke komputer yang menjalankan Windows, ia akan diformat dengan FAT32, dan jika mula dipasang pada Mac yang menjalankan Mac OS, ia akan diformat dengan HFS +. <> Untuk berfungsi sebagai cakera boot untuk Mac, sistem fail apa yang mesti diformatkan oleh iPod? || HFS + <> Jika disambungkan ke PC Windows ketika mula-mula disiapkan, apakah sistem fail yang akan diformat oleh iPod? || FAT32", {"qas": [{"question": "To work as a boot disk for a Mac, what file system must an iPod be formatted with?", "id": "56cfc488234ae51400d9bf47", "answers": [{"text": "HFS+", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If connected to a Windows PC when first set up, what file system will an iPod be formatted with?", "id": "56cfc488234ae51400d9bf48", "answers": [{"text": "FAT32", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "All iPods except for the iPod Touch can function in \"disk mode\" as mass storage devices to store data files but this may not be the default behavior, and in the case of the iPod Touch, requires special software.[citation needed] If an iPod is formatted on a Mac OS computer, it uses the HFS+ file system format, which allows it to serve as a boot disk for a Mac computer. If it is formatted on Windows, the FAT32 format is used. With the release of the Windows-compatible iPod, the default file system used on the iPod line switched from HFS+ to FAT32, although it can be reformatted to either file system (excluding the iPod Shuffle which is strictly FAT32). Generally, if a new iPod (excluding the iPod Shuffle) is initially plugged into a computer running Windows, it will be formatted with FAT32, and if initially plugged into a Mac running Mac OS it will be formatted with HFS+."}], ["Bateri iPod tidak direka untuk dikeluarkan atau digantikan oleh pengguna, walaupun sesetengah pengguna telah dapat membuka kes itu sendiri, biasanya mengikuti arahan dari vendor pihak ketiga bateri pengganti iPod. Menggabungkan masalah ini, pada mulanya Apple tidak akan menggantikan bateri yang sudah haus. Dasar rasmi ialah pelanggan harus membeli iPod penggantian yang telah diperbaharui, dengan biaya hampir setara dengan yang baru. Semua bateri lithium-ion kehilangan kapasiti semasa hayatnya walaupun tidak digunakan (garis panduan tersedia untuk memanjangkan jangka hayat) dan keadaan ini menyebabkan pasaran untuk kit penggantian bateri pihak ketiga. <> Arahan siapa yang boleh diikuti untuk berinteraksi dengan bateri iPod? || vendor pihak ketiga <> Apa yang asalnya Apple memberitahu pengguna untuk membeli apabila bateri iPod mereka tidak lagi berfungsi? || penggantian semula iPod <> Apa jenis bateri yang digunakan oleh iPod? || lithium-ion <> Komponen iPod apa yang dilakukan Apple agak sukar dibuat tidak boleh diganti? || bateri <> Apa jenis bateri boleh dicas semula yang digunakan oleh Apple dalam iPodnya? || litium-ion", {"qas": [{"question": "Whose directions can be followed to interact with iPod batteries?", "id": "56cd7d3262d2951400fa6632", "answers": [{"text": "third-party vendors", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Apple originally tell consumers to purchase when their iPod batteries no longer worked?", "id": "56cd7d3262d2951400fa6633", "answers": [{"text": "refurbished replacement iPod", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of battery does the iPod use?", "id": "56cd7d3262d2951400fa6634", "answers": [{"text": "lithium-ion", "answer_start": 438}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which iPod component did Apple somewhat inconveniently made non-replaceable?", "id": "56d131c817492d1400aabbe0", "answers": [{"text": "batteries", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of rechargeable battery does Apple use in its iPods?", "id": "56d131c817492d1400aabbe1", "answers": [{"text": "lithium-ion", "answer_start": 438}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "iPod batteries are not designed to be removed or replaced by the user, although some users have been able to open the case themselves, usually following instructions from third-party vendors of iPod replacement batteries. Compounding the problem, Apple initially would not replace worn-out batteries. The official policy was that the customer should buy a refurbished replacement iPod, at a cost almost equivalent to a brand new one. All lithium-ion batteries lose capacity during their lifetime even when not in use (guidelines are available for prolonging life-span) and this situation led to a market for third-party battery replacement kits."}], ["Apple mengumumkan program penggantian bateri pada 14 November 2003, seminggu sebelum aksi publisiti tinggi dan laman web oleh Neistat Brothers. Kos awal adalah AS $ 99, dan ia diturunkan kepada AS $ 59 pada tahun 2005. Satu minggu kemudian, Apple menawarkan jaminan iPod yang panjang untuk US $ 59. Untuk iPod Nano, alat pematerian diperlukan kerana bateri disolder ke papan utama. IPod generasi kelima mempunyai bateri mereka dipasang pada backplate dengan pelekat. <> Apakah pelancaran Apple pada 14 November 2003? || program penggantian bateri <> Berapa banyak pemilik iPod yang harus membayar untuk penggantian bateri? || $ 99 <> Apa yang diperlukan untuk menggantikan bateri iPod Nano? || alat pematerian <> Generasi apa yang melihat batterys iPod dilekatkan dengan gam? || Generasi kelima <> Pada tahun apakah Apple memulakan program penggantian bateri rasmi? || 2003 <> Apakah harga asal untuk bateri pengganti dari Apple? || $ 99 <> Yang model iPod mana yang disalurkan ke dalam unit? || Nano", {"qas": [{"question": "What did Apple launch on November 14, 2003?", "id": "56cd7db262d2951400fa6638", "answers": [{"text": "battery replacement program", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did iPod owners originally have to pay for replacement batteries?", "id": "56cd7db262d2951400fa6639", "answers": [{"text": "$99", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was needed to replace an iPod Nano battery?", "id": "56cd7db262d2951400fa663a", "answers": [{"text": "soldering tools", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What generation saw iPod batterys being affixed with glue?", "id": "56cd7db262d2951400fa663b", "answers": [{"text": "Fifth generation", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Apple begin a formal battery replacement program?", "id": "56d1321f17492d1400aabbf4", "answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the original price for a replacement battery from Apple?", "id": "56d1321f17492d1400aabbf5", "answers": [{"text": "$99", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which iPod model has its battery soldered into the unit?", "id": "56d1321f17492d1400aabbf6", "answers": [{"text": "Nano", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Apple announced a battery replacement program on November 14, 2003, a week before a high publicity stunt and website by the Neistat Brothers. The initial cost was US$99, and it was lowered to US$59 in 2005. One week later, Apple offered an extended iPod warranty for US$59. For the iPod Nano, soldering tools are needed because the battery is soldered onto the main board. Fifth generation iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive."}], ["Hayat bateri yang diiklankan pada kebanyakan model adalah berbeza dari kehidupan yang boleh dicapai dunia. Sebagai contoh, generasi kelima 30 GB iPod diiklankan sebagai mempunyai 14 jam main semula muzik. Laporan MP3.com menyatakan bahawa ini hampir tidak boleh dicapai di bawah keadaan penggunaan kehidupan sebenar, dengan seorang penulis untuk MP3.com semakin kurang dari 8 jam dari iPod. Pada tahun 2003, tuntutan tindakan kelas dikenakan terhadap Apple yang mengadu bahawa caj bateri bertahan untuk jangka masa yang lebih pendek daripada yang dinyatakan dan bahawa bateri terdegradasi dari masa ke masa. Tindakan undang-undang telah diselesaikan dengan menawarkan individu kredit kredit AS $ 50 atau penggantian bateri percuma. <> Berapa lama iPod generasi ke-5 dipasarkan sebagai dapat berfungsi sebelum perlu dikenakan? || 14 jam <> Laman web mana yang mengkritik tuntutan hayat bateri Apple? || MP3.com <> Pada tahun apakah Apple menyaman untuk isu-isu yang berkaitan dengan hayat bateri? || 2003 <> Percanggahan dalam apa yang spesimen membawa saman aksi kelas terhadap Apple pada tahun 2003? || hayat bateri <> Berapa jam hayat bateri masa nyata membuat ujian iPod generasi ke-5 di, berbanding dengan 14 jam yang diiklankan? || 8 jam", {"qas": [{"question": "How long were 5th generation iPods marketed as being able to function before needing to be charged?", "id": "56cd7ca662d2951400fa6629", "answers": [{"text": "14 hours", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which website criticized Apple's battery life claims?", "id": "56cd7ca662d2951400fa662a", "answers": [{"text": "MP3.com", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Apple sued for issues relating to its battery life?", "id": "56cd7ca662d2951400fa662b", "answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Discrepancy in what spec brought about a class action suit against Apple in 2003?", "id": "56d1314517492d1400aabbce", "answers": [{"text": "battery life", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many hours of real-time battery life did the 5th-generation iPod test at, compared to its advertised 14 hours?", "id": "56d1314517492d1400aabbcf", "answers": [{"text": "8 hours", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The advertised battery life on most models is different from the real-world achievable life. For example, the fifth generation 30 GB iPod is advertised as having up to 14 hours of music playback. An MP3.com report stated that this was virtually unachievable under real-life usage conditions, with a writer for MP3.com getting on average less than 8 hours from an iPod. In 2003, class action lawsuits were brought against Apple complaining that the battery charges lasted for shorter lengths of time than stated and that the battery degraded over time. The lawsuits were settled by offering individuals either US$50 store credit or a free battery replacement."}], ["Foxconn, pengilang Apple, pada awalnya menafikan penyalahgunaan, tetapi apabila pasukan pengauditan dari Apple mendapati bahawa pekerja telah bekerja lebih lama daripada yang dibenarkan di bawah undang-undang China, mereka berjanji untuk mencegah pekerja bekerja lebih banyak jam daripada kod yang dibenarkan. Apple mengupah syarikat pengauditan piawai tempat kerja, Verit\u00e9, dan menyertai Kumpulan Pelaksanaan Tatakelakuan Industri Elektronik untuk mengawasi langkah-langkah. Pada 31 Disember 2006, pekerja di kilang Foxconn di Longhua, Shenzhen membentuk kesatuan yang bergabung dengan Persekutuan Kesatuan Sekerja Semua-China, organisasi payung kesatuan kerajaan yang diluluskan oleh kerajaan China. <> Siapa rakan kongsi Apple dengan memantau dasar buruhnya? || Verit\u00e9 <> Organisasi apa yang Apple bergabung untuk memantau dasar buruhnya? || Kumpulan Pelaksanaan Kod Etika Industri Elektronik <> Syarikat apa yang didapati melanggar dasar buruh Apple? || Foxconn <> Dimana kilang Foxconn terletak? || Longhua, Shenzhen <> Apakah nama syarikat pembuatan Apple yang dituduh mengatasi pekerja mereka? || Foxconn <> Apa syarikat juruaudit Apple menyewa untuk mengawasi keadaan pekerja berikutan kontroversi? || Verit\u00e9 <> Pada tahun berapa pekerja Foxconn mula-mula bersatu? || 2006", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Apple partner with to monitor its labor policies?", "id": "56cd81df62d2951400fa6666", "answers": [{"text": "Verit\u00e9", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization did Apple join to monitor its labor policies?", "id": "56cd81df62d2951400fa6667", "answers": [{"text": "Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company was found to be violating Apple's labor policies?", "id": "56cd81df62d2951400fa6668", "answers": [{"text": "Foxconn", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Foxconn plant located?", "id": "56cd81df62d2951400fa6669", "answers": [{"text": "Longhua, Shenzhen", "answer_start": 471}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Apple's manufacturing company that was accused of overworking its employees?", "id": "56d134c2e7d4791d00901ff7", "answers": [{"text": "Foxconn", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What auditor company did Apple hire to oversee worker conditions following the controversy?", "id": "56d134c2e7d4791d00901ff8", "answers": [{"text": "Verit\u00e9", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Foxconn workers first unionize?", "id": "56d134c2e7d4791d00901ff9", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 431}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Foxconn, Apple's manufacturer, initially denied the abuses, but when an auditing team from Apple found that workers had been working longer hours than were allowed under Chinese law, they promised to prevent workers working more hours than the code allowed. Apple hired a workplace standards auditing company, Verit\u00e9, and joined the Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group to oversee the measures. On December 31, 2006, workers at the Foxconn factory in Longhua, Shenzhen formed a union affiliated with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, the Chinese government-approved union umbrella organization."}], ["iPod telah dikritik kerana dugaan jangka pendek dan cakera keras yang rapuh. Satu tinjauan 2005 yang dijalankan di laman web MacInTouch mendapati bahawa talian iPod mempunyai kadar kegagalan rata-rata 13.7% (walaupun mereka perhatikan bahawa komen daripada responden menunjukkan bahawa \"kadar kegagalan iPod sebenar mungkin lebih rendah daripada yang dipaparkan\"). Ia menyimpulkan bahawa beberapa model lebih tahan lama daripada yang lain. Secara khususnya, kadar kegagalan untuk iPod yang menggunakan cakera keras biasanya melebihi 20% manakala yang mempunyai memori flash mempunyai kadar kegagalan di bawah 10%. Pada akhir tahun 2005, ramai pengguna mengadu bahawa permukaan iPod Nano generasi pertama boleh tercalar dengan mudah, menjadikan skrin tidak dapat digunakan. Satu tuntutan tindakan kelas juga difailkan. Apple pada mulanya menganggap masalah ini sebagai kecacatan kecil, tetapi kemudian mula menghantar iPod ini dengan lengan perlindungan. [Rujukan?] <> Apakah dua subjek kritikan terhadap iPod? || jangka hayat pendek dan pemacu keras yang rapuh <> Laman web apa yang dijalankan untuk mengetahui berapa kerapkah iPod berhenti berfungsi? || MacInTouch <> Berapa kerapkah MacInTouch mendapati iPod berhenti berfungsi, menurut kaji selidik mereka? || 13.7% <> Bilakah pemilik iPod mengambil isu dengan kerapuhan skrin iPod? || lewat tahun 2005 <> Apa yang Apple termasuk dengan iPod untuk menyelesaikan masalah skrin? || lengan perlindungan <> Yang jenis storan iPod terbukti lebih dipercayai daripada penyimpanan cakera keras? || ingatan kilat <> Nano generasi pertama mengalami komponen mana yang mudah rosak? || skrin", {"qas": [{"question": "What are two subjects of criticism of iPods?", "id": "56cd7ef762d2951400fa6652", "answers": [{"text": "short life-span and fragile hard drives", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What website ran a survey to learn how often iPods ceased working?", "id": "56cd7ef762d2951400fa6653", "answers": [{"text": "MacInTouch", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How often did MacInTouch discover iPods stopped working, according to their survey?", "id": "56cd7ef762d2951400fa6654", "answers": [{"text": "13.7%", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did iPod owners take issue with the fragility of the iPod screen?", "id": "56cd7ef762d2951400fa6655", "answers": [{"text": "late 2005", "answer_start": 524}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Apple include with the iPod to resolve the screen problem?", "id": "56cd7ef762d2951400fa6656", "answers": [{"text": "protective sleeves", "answer_start": 802}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which type of iPod storage proved more reliable than hard drive storage?", "id": "56d133d517492d1400aabc2b", "answers": [{"text": "flash memory", "answer_start": 478}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first generation nano suffered from which component getting damaged easily?", "id": "56d133d517492d1400aabc2c", "answers": [{"text": "screen", "answer_start": 651}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "iPods have been criticized for alleged short life-span and fragile hard drives. A 2005 survey conducted on the MacInTouch website found that the iPod line had an average failure rate of 13.7% (although they note that comments from respondents indicate that \"the true iPod failure rate may be lower than it appears\"). It concluded that some models were more durable than others. In particular, failure rates for iPods employing hard drives was usually above 20% while those with flash memory had a failure rate below 10%. In late 2005, many users complained that the surface of the first generation iPod Nano can become scratched easily, rendering the screen unusable. A class action lawsuit was also filed. Apple initially considered the issue a minor defect, but later began shipping these iPods with protective sleeves.[citation needed]"}]], [["Permainan ini mempunyai sembilan penjara-besar, kawasan yang terkandung di mana Link memaut musuh, mengumpul barang, dan menyelesaikan teka-teki. Pautan menavigasi penjara bawah tanah ini dan melawan bos di akhir untuk mendapatkan item atau sebaliknya memajukan plot. Penjara bawah tanah dihubungkan oleh neraka besar, di mana Link dapat berjalan dengan berjalan kaki; pada kudanya, Epona; atau melalui teleport. <> Berapa banyak contoh penjara disediakan di Twilight Princess? || sembilan <> Apa hubungan Pertarungan di penjara bawah tanah? || musuh <> Apa yang menyediakan jambatan antara penjara bawah tanah yang berbeza? || overworld <> Apa nama katun Link? || Epona <> Apa yang perlu Link diselesaikan sepanjang permainan? || teka-teki <> Siapa yang mesti Pautan berperang di hujung tahap penjara bawah tanah? || bos <> Apa yang menghubungkan penjara bawah tanah? || overworld <> Berapa banyak contoh penjara disediakan di Epona Princess? || <> Apa yang Epona berperang di penjara bawah tanah? || <> Apa yang menyediakan jambatan antara barangan yang berbeza? || <> Apakah nama musuh Link itu? || <> Apa yang mesti diselesaikan Epona sepanjang permainan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many dungeon instances are provided in Twilight Princess?", "id": "56cd8e2362d2951400fa66fc", "answers": [{"text": "nine", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Link fight in dungeons?", "id": "56cd8e2362d2951400fa66fd", "answers": [{"text": "enemies", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What provides a bridge between the different dungeons?", "id": "56cd8e2362d2951400fa66fe", "answers": [{"text": "overworld", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Link's steed?", "id": "56cd8e2362d2951400fa66ff", "answers": [{"text": "Epona", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What must Link solve throughout the game?", "id": "56d11a7017492d1400aab968", "answers": [{"text": "puzzles", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who must Link fight at the end of a dungeon level?", "id": "56d11a7017492d1400aab969", "answers": [{"text": "boss", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What connects the dungeons?", "id": "56d11a7017492d1400aab96a", "answers": [{"text": "overworld", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "nine", "answer_start": 18}], "question": "How many dungeon instances are provided in Epona Princess?", "id": "5a8d8836df8bba001a0f9aed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "enemies", "answer_start": 74}], "question": "What does Epona fight in dungeons?", "id": "5a8d8836df8bba001a0f9aee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "overworld", "answer_start": 274}], "question": "What provides a bridge between the different items?", "id": "5a8d8836df8bba001a0f9aef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Epona", "answer_start": 337}], "question": "What is the name of Link's enemy?", "id": "5a8d8836df8bba001a0f9af0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "puzzles", "answer_start": 110}], "question": "What must Epona solve throughout the game?", "id": "5a8d8836df8bba001a0f9af1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The game features nine dungeons\u2014large, contained areas where Link battles enemies, collects items, and solves puzzles. Link navigates these dungeons and fights a boss at the end in order to obtain an item or otherwise advance the plot. The dungeons are connected by a large overworld, across which Link can travel on foot; on his horse, Epona; or by teleporting."}], ["Kecerdasan tiruan (AI) musuh-musuh di Twilight Princess lebih maju daripada musuh-musuh di The Wind Waker. Musuh bertindak balas terhadap sahabat yang dikalahkan dan anak panah atau pelet katalis yang lewat, dan dapat mengesan Link dari jarak yang lebih besar daripada yang mungkin dalam permainan sebelumnya. <> Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh AI? || kecerdasan buatan <> Apa permainan yang musuhnya mempunyai pengaturcaraan yang lebih rendah daripada yang ada di Twilight Princess? || The Waker Angin <> Apa yang dilakukan musuh untuk mengalahkan sahabat? || bereaksi <> Ciri ciri musuh di Twilight Princess lebih maju? || kecerdasan buatan <> Siapa yang boleh mengesan musuh dari jauh lebih besar daripada permainan sebelumnya? || Pautan <> Apa permainan yang musuhnya mempunyai lebih banyak program pemula daripada yang ada di Twilight Enemies? || <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh permainan sebelum ini untuk mengalahkan sahabat? || <> Ciri ciri musuh dalam Twilight Enemies lebih maju? || <> Siapa yang boleh mengesan musuh dari jauh lebih besar daripada di Twilight Enemies? || <> Siapa yang bertindak balas terhadap kecerdasan buatan yang berlalu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does AI stand for?", "id": "56cd8f4b62d2951400fa670e", "answers": [{"text": "artificial intelligence", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a game whose enemies have more rudimentary programming than those in Twilight Princess?", "id": "56cd8f4b62d2951400fa670f", "answers": [{"text": "The Wind Waker", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do enemies do to defeated companions?", "id": "56cd8f4b62d2951400fa6711", "answers": [{"text": "react", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What feature of the enemies in Twilight Princess is more advanced?", "id": "56d1283617492d1400aabac2", "answers": [{"text": "artificial intelligence", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who can enemies detect from a greater distance than in previous games?", "id": "56d1283617492d1400aabac3", "answers": [{"text": "Link", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Wind Waker", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "What is a game whose enemies have more rudimentary programming than those in Twilight Enemies?", "id": "5a8d9051df8bba001a0f9b01", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "react", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "What does do previous games do to defeated companions?", "id": "5a8d9051df8bba001a0f9b02", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "artificial intelligence", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What feature of the enemies in Twilight Enemies is more advanced?", "id": "5a8d9051df8bba001a0f9b03", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Link", "answer_start": 223}], "question": "Who can enemies detect from a greater distance than in Twilight Enemies?", "id": "5a8d9051df8bba001a0f9b04", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Enemies", "answer_start": 122}], "question": "Who reacts to artificial intelligence that passes by?", "id": "5a8d9051df8bba001a0f9b05", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The artificial intelligence (AI) of enemies in Twilight Princess is more advanced than that of enemies in The Wind Waker. Enemies react to defeated companions and to arrows or slingshot pellets that pass by, and can detect Link from a greater distance than was possible in previous games."}], ["Cerita ini memberi tumpuan kepada Link protagonis siri, yang cuba menghalang Hyrule daripada ditelan oleh dimensi selari yang mirip dikenali sebagai Realm Twilight. Untuk berbuat demikian, dia mengambil bentuk kedua Hylian dan serigala, dan dibantu oleh makhluk misteri bernama Midna. Permainan ini berlangsung beratus-ratus tahun selepas Ocarina of Time dan Majora's Mask, dalam garis masa alternatif dari The Wind Waker. <> Siapakah watak utama cerita? || Pautan <> Tanah apa Pautan berfungsi untuk melindungi? || Hyrule <> Watak apa yang membantu Pautan di Twilight Princess? || Midna <> Siapa yang menjadi protagonis adalah Legenda Zelda? || Pautan <> Apakah nama makhluk misteri yang membantu Pautan? || Midna <> Alur cerita ini menjadi alternatif dari alur cerita apa? || Waker Angin <> Tanah apa yang Okerina berfungsi untuk melindungi? || <> Watak apa yang membantu Pautan di Ocarina Princess? || <> Siapa protagonis Midna of Time? || <> Daripada apa dimensi alternatif dimensi ini berlaku dari dimensi? || <> Bilakah Waker berlaku? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is the main character of the story?", "id": "56cd8ad162d2951400fa6698", "answers": [{"text": "Link", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What land does Link serve to protect?", "id": "56cd8ad162d2951400fa6699", "answers": [{"text": "Hyrule", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What character helped Link in Twilight Princess?", "id": "56cd8ad162d2951400fa669b", "answers": [{"text": "Midna", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the protagonist is Legend of Zelda?", "id": "56d1162317492d1400aab8ec", "answers": [{"text": "Link", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the mysterious creature that assists Link?", "id": "56d1162317492d1400aab8ee", "answers": [{"text": "Midna", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "This storyline takes place alternate from what storyline?", "id": "56d1162317492d1400aab8ef", "answers": [{"text": "The Wind Waker", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hyrule", "answer_start": 67}], "question": "What land does Ocarina serve to protect?", "id": "5a8d800edf8bba001a0f9abb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Midna", "answer_start": 261}], "question": "What character helped Link in Ocarina Princess?", "id": "5a8d800edf8bba001a0f9abc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Link", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "Who is the protagonist of Midna of Time?", "id": "5a8d800edf8bba001a0f9abd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Wind Waker", "answer_start": 378}], "question": "From what alternate dimension does this dimension take place from?", "id": "5a8d800edf8bba001a0f9abe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hundreds of years after Ocarina of Time", "answer_start": 289}], "question": "When does the Waker take place?", "id": "5a8d800edf8bba001a0f9abf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The story focuses on series protagonist Link, who tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by a corrupted parallel dimension known as the Twilight Realm. To do so, he takes the form of both a Hylian and a wolf, and is assisted by a mysterious creature named Midna. The game takes place hundreds of years after Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask, in an alternate timeline from The Wind Waker."}], ["Mekanik butang sensitif konteks membolehkan satu butang untuk menyampaikan pelbagai fungsi, seperti bercakap, membuka pintu, dan menolak, menarik, dan membuang objek. [E] Paparan pada skrin menunjukkan tindakan, jika ada, butang akan pencetus, ditentukan oleh keadaan. Contohnya, jika Link memegang batu, butang sensitif konteks akan menyebabkan Pautan untuk membuang batu jika dia bergerak atau menargetkan objek atau musuh, atau meletakkan batu di atas tanah jika dia berdiri diam. [F] > Banyak jenis interaksi yang boleh dikawal dengan berapa banyak butang? || satu <> Di manakah pemain dapat melihat tindakan apa yang akan dilakukan dalam senario yang berbeza? || paparan di skrin <> Jika Pautan tidak bergerak, di mana dia akan meletakkan peluru yang dia bawa? || di atas tanah <> Mekanik apa yang membolehkan satu butang berfungsi untuk banyak fungsi? || butang mekanik konteks yang sensitif <> Apa yang menunjukkan tindakan yang akan dicetuskan oleh butang itu? || paparan pada skrin <> Banyak jenis interaksi yang boleh dikawal oleh berapa batu? || <> Di mana pemain dapat melihat tindakan apa yang akan dilakukan di batuan yang berbeza? || <> Jika Pautan tidak bergerak, di mana dia akan meletakkan musuh yang dia bawa? || <> Mekanik apa yang membolehkan dua butang berfungsi untuk banyak fungsi? || <> Apa yang menunjukkan tindakan yang akan dicetuskan oleh batu itu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Many different types of interaction can be controlled by how many buttons?", "id": "56cd8d0662d2951400fa66b2", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where can players see what action will be performed in different scenarios?", "id": "56cd8d0662d2951400fa66b3", "answers": [{"text": "on-screen display", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If Link is not moving, where will he put the projectile he's carrying?", "id": "56cd8d0662d2951400fa66b4", "answers": [{"text": "on the ground", "answer_start": 441}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What mechanic allows one button to serve many functions?", "id": "56d1195d17492d1400aab93b", "answers": [{"text": "context-sensitive button mechanic", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What shows what action the button will trigger?", "id": "56d1195d17492d1400aab93c", "answers": [{"text": "on-screen display", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "Many different types of interaction can be controlled by how many rocks?", "id": "5a8d867bdf8bba001a0f9ad9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "on-screen display", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "Where can players see what action will be performed in different rocks?", "id": "5a8d867bdf8bba001a0f9ada", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "on the ground", "answer_start": 441}], "question": "If Link is not moving, where will he put the enemy he's carrying?", "id": "5a8d867bdf8bba001a0f9adb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "context-sensitive button mechanic", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What mechanic allows two buttons to serve many functions?", "id": "5a8d867bdf8bba001a0f9adc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "on-screen display", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "What shows what action the rock will trigger?", "id": "5a8d867bdf8bba001a0f9add", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The context-sensitive button mechanic allows one button to serve a variety of functions, such as talking, opening doors, and pushing, pulling, and throwing objects.[e] The on-screen display shows what action, if any, the button will trigger, determined by the situation. For example, if Link is holding a rock, the context-sensitive button will cause Link to throw the rock if he is moving or targeting an object or enemy, or place the rock on the ground if he is standing still.[f]"}], ["Terdapat sedikit suara yang bertindak dalam permainan, seperti yang berlaku dalam kebanyakan gelaran Zelda sehingga kini. Pautan kekal diam dalam perbualan, tetapi mengerang apabila menyerang atau cedera dan terkejut apabila terkejut. Emosi dan tindak balasnya sebahagian besarnya ditunjukkan secara visual oleh mengangguk dan ekspresi wajah. Watak-watak lain mempunyai verbalizations bahasa yang sama, termasuk ketawa, seronok atau ketakutan, dan jeritan. Watak Midna mempunyai aksi yang paling suara-dialog pada layarnya sering diiringi oleh bunyi pseudo-speech, yang dihasilkan dengan menggegarkan fonem frasa bahasa Inggeris [sumber yang lebih baik diperlukan] yang dicontoh oleh aktris suara Jepun Akiko K\u014dmoto. <> Melalui apa yang boleh reaksi dan perasaan Link dapat dilihat? || mengangguk dan ekspresi wajah <> Orang manakah yang mempunyai dialog paling banyak di dalam permainan? || Midna <> yang menyediakan dasar untuk suara Midna? || Akiko K\u014dmoto <> Apa negara yang berasal dari Akiko Komoto? || Jepun <> Apa kata Link apabila menyerang? || grunts <> Bagaimana Pautan mengekspresikan emosi? || mengangguk dan ekspresi wajah <> Karakter apa yang paling bertindak? || Midna <> Siapakah suara Midna? || Akiko K\u014dmoto <> Melalui apa yang dapat dilihat oleh verbalisasi Link? || <> Mana orang yang paling mengangguk dalam permainan? || <> Siapa yang menyediakan asas bagi suara Zelda? || <> Negara mana yang berasal dari Zelda? || <> Apa kata Zelda ketika menyerang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Through what can Link's reaction and mood can be discerned?", "id": "56cd8ffa62d2951400fa6720", "answers": [{"text": "nods and facial expressions", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which person has the most spoken dialogue in the game?", "id": "56cd8ffa62d2951400fa6721", "answers": [{"text": "Midna", "answer_start": 434}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who provided the basis for Midna's voice?", "id": "56cd8ffa62d2951400fa6722", "answers": [{"text": "Akiko K\u014dmoto", "answer_start": 659}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country does Akiko Komoto come from?", "id": "56cd8ffa62d2951400fa6723", "answers": [{"text": "Japan", "answer_start": 636}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Link say when attacking?", "id": "56d128ed17492d1400aabad9", "answers": [{"text": "grunts", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does Link express emotions?", "id": "56d128ed17492d1400aabada", "answers": [{"text": "nods and facial expressions", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What character has the most voice acting?", "id": "56d128ed17492d1400aabadb", "answers": [{"text": "Midna", "answer_start": 434}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does the voice of Midna?", "id": "56d128ed17492d1400aabadc", "answers": [{"text": "Akiko K\u014dmoto", "answer_start": 659}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "nods and facial expressions", "answer_start": 253}], "question": "Through what can Link's verbalizations be discerned?", "id": "5a8d914edf8bba001a0f9b0b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Midna", "answer_start": 434}], "question": "Which person has the most nods in the game?", "id": "5a8d914edf8bba001a0f9b0c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Akiko K\u014dmoto", "answer_start": 659}], "question": "Who provided the basis for Zelda's voice?", "id": "5a8d914edf8bba001a0f9b0d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Japan", "answer_start": 636}], "question": "What country does Zelda come from?", "id": "5a8d914edf8bba001a0f9b0e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "grunts", "answer_start": 133}], "question": "What does Zelda say when attacking?", "id": "5a8d914edf8bba001a0f9b0f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There is very little voice acting in the game, as is the case in most Zelda titles to date. Link remains silent in conversation, but grunts when attacking or injured and gasps when surprised. His emotions and responses are largely indicated visually by nods and facial expressions. Other characters have similar language-independent verbalizations, including laughter, surprised or fearful exclamations, and screams. The character of Midna has the most voice acting\u2014her on-screen dialog is often accompanied by a babble of pseudo-speech, which was produced by scrambling the phonemes of English phrases[better source needed] sampled by Japanese voice actress Akiko K\u014dmoto."}], ["Apabila Link memasuki Realm Twilight, kekosongan yang merosakkan bahagian-bahagian Hyrule, dia berubah menjadi serigala. [H] Dia akhirnya dapat mengubah antara bentuk Hylian dan serigala di atas kehendaknya. Sebagai serigala, Link kehilangan keupayaan untuk menggunakan pedang, perisai, atau barang-barang sekundernya; dia sebaliknya menyerang dengan menggigit, dan mempertahankan terutamanya dengan mengelakkan serangan. Walau bagaimanapun, \"Wolf Link\" memperoleh beberapa kelebihan utama sebagai balasannya - dia bergerak lebih laju daripada dia sebagai manusia (walaupun menunggang Epona masih lebih cepat) dan menggali lubang untuk mencipta laluan baru dan mendedahkan item terkubur, dan telah meningkatkan deria, termasuk kemampuan [1] Dia juga membawa Midna, makhluk kecil seperti yang memberi petunjuk, menggunakan medan tenaga untuk menyerang musuh, membantu dia melompat jauh, dan akhirnya membolehkan Pautan untuk \"meledingkan\" kepada mana-mana beberapa lokasi pratetap di seluruh dunia. [j] Menggunakan deria Serigala Link, pemain dapat melihat dan mendengar roh yang mengembara dari mereka yang terkena Twilight, serta memburu hantu musuh bernama Po. [k] <> Apa bentuk Pautan ambil dalam Realm Twilight? || Wolf <> Apa bentuk kesalahan utama Link dalam bentuk serigala? || menggigit <> semangat jahat juga dikenali sebagai apa? || Poes <> Siapa yang menyediakan maklumat berguna untuk Pautan? || Midna <> bentuk serigala Link lebih cepat daripada apa bentuk lain? || manusia <> Apa hubungannya berubah menjadi ketika ia memasuki Realm Twilight? || Wolf <> Siapa yang Midna? || makhluk halus seperti <<Apa itu Poes? || hantu musuh <> Apakah bentuk Epona mengambil dalam Realm Twilight? || <> Apa bentuk kesalahan utama Epona dalam bentuk serigala? || <> Eponas gila juga dikenali sebagai apa? || <> Siapa yang menyediakan maklumat berguna kepada Po? || <> Pautan Edna borang lebih cepat daripada apa bentuk lain? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What form does Link take in the Twilight Realm?", "id": "56cd8ec662d2951400fa6704", "answers": [{"text": "Wolf", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Link's main form of offense in wolf form?", "id": "56cd8ec662d2951400fa6705", "answers": [{"text": "biting", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Hostile spirits are also known as what?", "id": "56cd8ec662d2951400fa6706", "answers": [{"text": "Poes", "answer_start": 1014}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who provides helpful information to Link?", "id": "56cd8ec662d2951400fa6707", "answers": [{"text": "Midna", "answer_start": 633}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Link's wolf form is faster than what other form?", "id": "56cd8ec662d2951400fa6708", "answers": [{"text": "human", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Link transform into when he enters the Twilight Realm?", "id": "56d11af517492d1400aab987", "answers": [{"text": "Wolf", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is Midna?", "id": "56d11af517492d1400aab989", "answers": [{"text": "small imp-like creature", "answer_start": 642}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are Poes?", "id": "56d11af517492d1400aab98b", "answers": [{"text": "enemy ghosts", "answer_start": 995}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wolf", "answer_start": 351}], "question": "What form does Epona take in the Twilight Realm?", "id": "5a8d89b5df8bba001a0f9af7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "biting", "answer_start": 291}], "question": "What is Epona's main form of offense in wolf form?", "id": "5a8d89b5df8bba001a0f9af8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Poes", "answer_start": 1014}], "question": "Hostile Eponas are also known as what?", "id": "5a8d89b5df8bba001a0f9af9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Midna", "answer_start": 633}], "question": "Who provides helpful information to Poes?", "id": "5a8d89b5df8bba001a0f9afa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "human", "answer_start": 435}], "question": "Link's Edna form is faster than what other form?", "id": "5a8d89b5df8bba001a0f9afb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "When Link enters the Twilight Realm, the void that corrupts parts of Hyrule, he transforms into a wolf.[h] He is eventually able to transform between his Hylian and wolf forms at will. As a wolf, Link loses the ability to use his sword, shield, or any secondary items; he instead attacks by biting, and defends primarily by dodging attacks. However, \"Wolf Link\" gains several key advantages in return\u2014he moves faster than he does as a human (though riding Epona is still faster) and digs holes to create new passages and uncover buried items, and has improved senses, including the ability to follow scent trails.[i] He also carries Midna, a small imp-like creature who gives him hints, uses an energy field to attack enemies, helps him jump long distances, and eventually allows Link to \"warp\" to any of several preset locations throughout the overworld.[j] Using Link's wolf senses, the player can see and listen to the wandering spirits of those affected by the Twilight, as well as hunt for enemy ghosts named Poes.[k]"}], ["Pada masa pembebasannya, Twilight Princess dianggap penyertaan terbesar dalam siri Zelda oleh banyak pengkritik, termasuk penulis untuk 1UP.com, Komputer dan Permainan Video, Bulanan Elektronik Gaming, Game Informer, GamesRadar, IGN, dan The Washington Post. Ia menerima beberapa anugerah Game of the Year, dan merupakan permainan yang paling kritikal pada tahun 2006. Pada tahun 2011, versi Wii telah diulang di bawah label Nintendo Selects. Pelabuhan definisi tinggi untuk Wii U, Legenda Zelda: Twilight Princess HD, akan dikeluarkan pada bulan Mac 2016. <> Apa penghargaan yang diterima oleh Twilight Princess selepas dibebaskan? || Game of the Year <> Di bawah jenama mana Twilight Princess untuk Nintendo Wii diterbitkan? || Nintendo Selects <> Bilakah versi HD Twilight Princess dijadualkan untuk dilancarkan? || Mac 2016 <> Pada masa pelepasan episod siri Legenda Zelda dianggap kemasukan terbesar? || Twilight Princess <> Berapa banyak penghargaan Game of the Year yang diterima oleh Twilight Princess? || beberapa <> tahun berapa Twilight Princess yang paling kritis diiktiraf permainan? || 2006 <> Berapa tahun akan permainan melepaskan pelabuhan definisi tinggi untuk konsol Wii U? || 2016 <> Apa yang diterima oleh Radar Princess selepas dibebaskan? || <> Di bawah jenama mana Radar Princess untuk Nintendo Wii diterbitkan? || <> Bilakah versi HD Radar Princess dijadualkan untuk dilancarkan? || <> Pada masa melepaskan apa episod Legend of Radar siri dianggap kisah terbesar? || <> Berapa banyak penghargaan Game of the Year yang diterima oleh Radar Princess? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What accolade did Twilight Princess receive after its release?", "id": "56cd8b5862d2951400fa66a2", "answers": [{"text": "Game of the Year", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Under which brand was Twilight Princess for the Nintendo Wii published?", "id": "56cd8b5862d2951400fa66a3", "answers": [{"text": "Nintendo Selects", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When is the HD version of Twilight Princess slated for launch?", "id": "56cd8b5862d2951400fa66a4", "answers": [{"text": "March 2016", "answer_start": 530}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At the time of release which episode of the Legend of Zelda series was considered the greatest entry?", "id": "56d116d717492d1400aab8f4", "answers": [{"text": "Twilight Princess", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Game of the Year awards did Twilight Princess receive?", "id": "56d116d717492d1400aab8f5", "answers": [{"text": "several", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Twilight Princess the most critically acclaimed game?", "id": "56d116d717492d1400aab8f6", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year will the game release a high-definition port for the Wii U console?", "id": "56d116d717492d1400aab8f7", "answers": [{"text": "2016", "answer_start": 536}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Game of the Year", "answer_start": 278}], "question": "What accolade did Radar Princess receive after its release?", "id": "5a8d8412df8bba001a0f9ac5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nintendo Selects", "answer_start": 405}], "question": "Under which brand was Radar Princess for the Nintendo Wii published?", "id": "5a8d8412df8bba001a0f9ac6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "March 2016", "answer_start": 530}], "question": "When is the HD version of Radar Princess slated for launch?", "id": "5a8d8412df8bba001a0f9ac7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Twilight Princess", "answer_start": 28}], "question": "At the time of release what episode of Legend of Radar series was considered the greatest story? ", "id": "5a8d8412df8bba001a0f9ac8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "several", "answer_start": 270}], "question": "How many Game of the Year awards did Radar Princess receive?", "id": "5a8d8412df8bba001a0f9ac9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "At the time of its release, Twilight Princess was considered the greatest entry in the Zelda series by many critics, including writers for 1UP.com, Computer and Video Games, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, GamesRadar, IGN, and The Washington Post. It received several Game of the Year awards, and was the most critically acclaimed game of 2006. In 2011, the Wii version was rereleased under the Nintendo Selects label. A high-definition port for the Wii U, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD, will be released in March 2016."}], ["Versi GameCube dan Wii mempunyai beberapa perbezaan kecil dalam kawalan mereka. Versi Wii permainan menggunakan sensor gerakan dan pembesar suara terbina dalam Wii Remote. Pembesar suara memancarkan bunyi bowstring ketika merakam anak panah, tertawa Midna apabila dia memberi nasihat kepada Link, dan 'tanda dagangan' siri \"ketika mencari rahsia. Pemain mengawal pedang Link dengan mengayunkan Wii Remote. Serangan lain dicetuskan menggunakan gerak isyarat yang sama dengan Nunchuk. Unik ke versi GameCube adalah keupayaan pemain mengawal kamera dengan bebas, tanpa memasuki mod \"lookaround\" khas yang diperlukan oleh Wii; Walau bagaimanapun, dalam versi GameCube, hanya dua senjata sekunder Link yang boleh dilengkapkan pada satu masa, berbanding empat dalam versi Wii. [g] <> Di mana penceramah terletak pada konsol Wii? || Wii Remote <> Apa bunyi pengguna di sini ketika mendedahkan rahsia dalam permainan? || chime <> Apa bahagian Wii yang digunakan untuk menggunakan senjata? || Wii Remote <> Selain dari pedang, apa lagi senjata yang boleh digunakan oleh Pautan? || Nunchuk <> Berapa banyak senjata yang boleh dilengkapkan oleh Link jika bermain Twilight Princess di GameCube? || dua <> versi Wii menggunakan jenis sensor apa? || gerakan <> Peranti apa yang ada di Wii membolehkan bunyi bantalan untuk didengar? || Wii Remote <> Di mana penceramah terletak di konsol Midna? || <> Apa bunyi yang didengar oleh pengguna apabila menemui senjata dalam permainan? || <> Apa bahagian Midna digunakan untuk menggunakan senjata? || <> Selain pedang, apakah senjata lain yang dapat digunakan oleh Midna? || <> Berapa banyak senjata yang dapat dilengkapkan oleh Midna jika bermain Twilight Princess di GameCube? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the speaker located on the Wii console?", "id": "56cd8dbf62d2951400fa66f2", "answers": [{"text": "Wii Remote", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sound do users here when uncovering secrets in the game?", "id": "56cd8dbf62d2951400fa66f3", "answers": [{"text": "chime", "answer_start": 323}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of the Wii is employed to use weapons?", "id": "56cd8dbf62d2951400fa66f4", "answers": [{"text": "Wii Remote", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from the sword, what is another weapon that Link can use?", "id": "56cd8dbf62d2951400fa66f5", "answers": [{"text": "Nunchuk", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many weapons can be equipped by Link if playing Twilight Princess on a GameCube?", "id": "56cd8dbf62d2951400fa66f6", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 682}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Wii version makes use of what kind of sensors?", "id": "56d11a1b17492d1400aab95d", "answers": [{"text": "motion", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What device on the Wii allows for sounds of a bowstring to be heard?", "id": "56d11a1b17492d1400aab95e", "answers": [{"text": "Wii Remote", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wii Remote", "answer_start": 405}], "question": "Where is the speaker located on the Midna console?", "id": "5a8d8744df8bba001a0f9ae3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "chime", "answer_start": 323}], "question": "What sound do users hear when uncovering weapons in the game?", "id": "5a8d8744df8bba001a0f9ae4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wii Remote", "answer_start": 171}], "question": "What part of the Midna is employed to use weapons?", "id": "5a8d8744df8bba001a0f9ae5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nunchuk", "answer_start": 477}], "question": "Aside from the sword, what is another weapon that Midna can use?", "id": "5a8d8744df8bba001a0f9ae6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 682}], "question": "How many weapons can be equipped by Midna if playing Twilight Princess on a GameCube?", "id": "5a8d8744df8bba001a0f9ae7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The GameCube and Wii versions feature several minor differences in their controls. The Wii version of the game makes use of the motion sensors and built-in speaker of the Wii Remote. The speaker emits the sounds of a bowstring when shooting an arrow, Midna's laugh when she gives advice to Link, and the series' trademark \"chime\" when discovering secrets. The player controls Link's sword by swinging the Wii Remote. Other attacks are triggered using similar gestures with the Nunchuk. Unique to the GameCube version is the ability for the player to control the camera freely, without entering a special \"lookaround\" mode required by the Wii; however, in the GameCube version, only two of Link's secondary weapons can be equipped at a time, as opposed to four in the Wii version.[g]"}], ["The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess (Hepburn: Zeruda no Densetsu: Towairaito Purinsesu?) Adalah permainan aksi-aksi yang dikembangkan dan diterbitkan oleh Nintendo untuk konsol game video rumah GameCube dan Wii. Ia adalah cicilan ketiga belas dalam siri The Legend of Zelda. Pada asalnya dirancang untuk dibebaskan pada GameCube pada bulan November 2005, Twilight Princess telah ditangguhkan oleh Nintendo untuk membolehkan pemaju-pemajunya untuk memperbaiki permainan, menambahkan lebih banyak kandungan, dan memindahkannya ke Wii. Versi Wii dikeluarkan bersama konsol di Amerika Utara pada bulan November 2006, dan di Jepun, Eropah, dan Australia pada bulan berikutnya. Versi GameCube telah dikeluarkan di seluruh dunia pada bulan Disember 2006. [b] <> Apakah kategori permainan Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? || tindakan-pengembaraan <> Apa konsol boleh digunakan untuk bermain Twilight Princess? || GameCube dan Wii <> Bilakah Twilight Princess dilancarkan di Amerika Utara? || November 2006 <> Bila pemilik GameCube boleh membeli Twilight Princess? || Disember 2006 <> Apa syarikat yang membangun Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? || Nintendo <> Tahun apakah Legenda Zelda: Twilight Princess yang asalnya dirancangkan untuk dibebaskan? || 2005 <> Tahun apakah versi Wii Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess dikeluarkan? || 2006 <> Apa kategori permainan adalah Legenda Zelda: Australia Twilight? || <> Apa konsol boleh digunakan untuk bermain Australia Twilight? || <> Bilakah Australia Twilight dilancarkan di Amerika Utara? || <> Bilakah pemilik GameCube boleh membeli Princess Australia? || <> Tahun apakah Legenda Zelda: Puteri Australia pada asalnya dirancangkan untuk dibebaskan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What category of game is Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess?", "id": "56cd8a5f62d2951400fa668e", "answers": [{"text": "action-adventure", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What consoles can be used to play Twilight Princess?", "id": "56cd8a5f62d2951400fa668f", "answers": [{"text": "GameCube and Wii", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Twilight Princess launched in North America?", "id": "56cd8a5f62d2951400fa6691", "answers": [{"text": "November 2006", "answer_start": 569}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When could GameCube owners purchase Twilight Princess?", "id": "56cd8a5f62d2951400fa6692", "answers": [{"text": "December 2006", "answer_start": 688}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company developed Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess?", "id": "56d1159e17492d1400aab8cc", "answers": [{"text": "Nintendo", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the Legend of Zelda:Twilight Princess originally planned for release?", "id": "56d1159e17492d1400aab8ce", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the Wii version of Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess released?", "id": "56d1159e17492d1400aab8cf", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 578}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "action-adventure", "answer_start": 128}], "question": "What category of game is Legend of Zelda: Australia Twilight?", "id": "5a8d7bf7df8bba001a0f9ab1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "GameCube and Wii", "answer_start": 194}], "question": "What consoles can be used to play Australia Twilight?", "id": "5a8d7bf7df8bba001a0f9ab2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "November 2006", "answer_start": 569}], "question": "When was Australia Twilight launched in North America?", "id": "5a8d7bf7df8bba001a0f9ab3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "November 2006", "answer_start": 569}], "question": "When could GameCube owners purchase Australian Princess?", "id": "5a8d7bf7df8bba001a0f9ab4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 364}], "question": "What year was the Legend of Zelda: Australian Princess originally planned for release?", "id": "5a8d7bf7df8bba001a0f9ab5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess (Japanese: \u30bc\u30eb\u30c0\u306e\u4f1d\u8aac \u30c8\u30ef\u30a4\u30e9\u30a4\u30c8\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30bb\u30b9, Hepburn: Zeruda no Densetsu: Towairaito Purinsesu?) is an action-adventure game developed and published by Nintendo for the GameCube and Wii home video game consoles. It is the thirteenth installment in the The Legend of Zelda series. Originally planned for release on the GameCube in November 2005, Twilight Princess was delayed by Nintendo to allow its developers to refine the game, add more content, and port it to the Wii. The Wii version was released alongside the console in North America in November 2006, and in Japan, Europe, and Australia the following month. The GameCube version was released worldwide in December 2006.[b]"}], ["The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess adalah permainan petualangan tindakan yang berfokus pada pertempuran, penjelajahan, dan koleksi item. Ia menggunakan skema kawalan asas yang diperkenalkan dalam Ocarina of Time, termasuk butang aksi sensitif konteks dan penyasaran L (penyasaran Z pada Wii), sebuah sistem yang membolehkan pemain mengekalkan pandangan Link yang difokuskan pada musuh atau objek penting semasa bergerak dan menyerang. Pautan boleh berjalan, berlari, dan menyerang, dan secara automatik akan melompat apabila berlari atau menjangkau tebing. [C] Pautan menggunakan pedang dan perisai dalam pertempuran, dilengkapi dengan senjata dan barang sekunder, termasuk panah dan anak panah, bumerang , bom, dan Clawshot (serupa dengan Hookshot yang diperkenalkan lebih awal dalam siri The Legend of Zelda). [d] Walaupun sasaran L, senjata berasaskan peluru boleh dipecat pada sasaran tanpa memerlukan sasaran manual. <> Apakah tiga aktiviti utama dalam The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? || pertempuran, penerokaan, dan pengumpulan barang <> Twilight Princess menggunakan persediaan kawalan yang pertama digunakan di mana permainan terdahulu? || Ocarina of Time <> Apa yang boleh digunakan untuk menembak tanpa perlu sasaran musuh secara manual? || Penargetan L <> Apakah senjata utama Link itu? || pedang <> Apa senjata sekunder di Twilight Princess sama dengan senjata yang dipaparkan dalam permainan sebelumnya? || Clawshot <> Apakah genre permainan adalah Twilight Princess? || pengembaraan tindakan <> Twilight Princess mengikuti skema kawalan yang diperkenalkan dalam permainan apa? || Ocarina of Time <> Apa 2 senjata utama tidak digunakan dalam pertempuran? || pedang dan perisai <> Kawalan apa yang boleh digunakan semasa menargetkan yang membolehkan pemain melepaskan penargetan manual? || Penargetan L <> Apakah tiga aktiviti utama dalam The Legend of Zelda: Clawshot Princess? || <> Clawshot Princess menggunakan persediaan kawalan yang pertama digunakan di mana permainan terdahulu? || <> Apa gunanya utama Clawshot? || <> Apa senjata sekunder di Clawshot Princess sama dengan senjata yang dipaparkan dalam permainan sebelumnya? || <> Apakah genre permainan adalah Clawshot Princess? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the three main activities in The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess?", "id": "56cd8c5762d2951400fa66a8", "answers": [{"text": "combat, exploration, and item collection", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Twilight Princess uses the control setup first employed in which previous game?", "id": "56cd8c5762d2951400fa66a9", "answers": [{"text": "Ocarina of Time", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can be used to shoot without the need to manually target enemies?", "id": "56cd8c5762d2951400fa66aa", "answers": [{"text": "L-targeting", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Link's main weapon?", "id": "56cd8c5762d2951400fa66ab", "answers": [{"text": "sword", "answer_start": 509}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What secondary weapon in Twilight Princess is analogous to a weapon featured in previous games?", "id": "56cd8c5762d2951400fa66ac", "answers": [{"text": "Clawshot", "answer_start": 640}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre of game is Twilight Princess?", "id": "56d118ce17492d1400aab924", "answers": [{"text": "action-adventure", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Twilight Princess follows the control scheme introduced in what game?", "id": "56d118ce17492d1400aab925", "answers": [{"text": "Ocarina of Time", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What 2 main weapons does Link use in combat?", "id": "56d118ce17492d1400aab926", "answers": [{"text": "sword and shield", "answer_start": 509}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What control can be used while targeting that allows the player to forego manual targeting?", "id": "56d118ce17492d1400aab927", "answers": [{"text": "L-targeting", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "combat, exploration, and item collection", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "What are the three main activities in The Legend of Zelda: Clawshot Princess?", "id": "5a8d8513df8bba001a0f9acf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ocarina of Time", "answer_start": 167}], "question": "Clawshot Princess uses the control setup first employed in which previous game?", "id": "5a8d8513df8bba001a0f9ad0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sword", "answer_start": 509}], "question": "What is Clawshot's main weapon?", "id": "5a8d8513df8bba001a0f9ad1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Clawshot", "answer_start": 640}], "question": "What secondary weapon in Clawshot Princess is analogous to a weapon featured in previous games?", "id": "5a8d8513df8bba001a0f9ad2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "action-adventure", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "What genre of games is Clawshot Princess?", "id": "5a8d8513df8bba001a0f9ad3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess is an action-adventure game focused on combat, exploration, and item collection. It uses the basic control scheme introduced in Ocarina of Time, including context-sensitive action buttons and L-targeting (Z-targeting on the Wii), a system that allows the player to keep Link's view focused on an enemy or important object while moving and attacking. Link can walk, run, and attack, and will automatically jump when running off of or reaching for a ledge.[c] Link uses a sword and shield in combat, complemented with secondary weapons and items, including a bow and arrows, a boomerang, bombs, and the Clawshot (similar to the Hookshot introduced earlier in the The Legend of Zelda series).[d] While L-targeting, projectile-based weapons can be fired at a target without the need for manual aiming.[c]"}], ["Pemindahan GameCube pembangunan ke Wii adalah agak mudah, kerana Wii sedang diciptakan untuk bersesuaian dengan GameCube. [O] Pada E3 2005, Nintendo mengeluarkan sebilangan kecil kad permainan Nintendo DS yang mengandungi treler pratonton untuk Twilight Princess. Mereka juga mengumumkan bahawa Zelda akan muncul di Wii (kemudian diberi nama \"Revolusi\"), tetapi ia tidak jelas kepada media jika ini bermakna Twilight Princess atau permainan yang berbeza. <> Konsol apa yang membanggakan keserasian dengan Wii? || GameCube <> Di manakah Nintendo memberikan bilangan terhad pratonton Twilight Princess? || E3 2005 <> Pada E3 pada tahun 2005, konsol apa yang Nintendo mendedahkan permainan Zelda akan dibangunkan? || Wii <> Bilakah Nintendo mengumumkan Zelda akan muncul di Wii? || Pada E3 2005 <> Konsol apa yang membanggakan keserasian dengan Twilight Princess? || <> Di manakah Nintendo menyediakan bilangan preview Wii yang terhad? || <> Bilakah Nintendo mengumumkan Zelda akan muncul di GameCube? || <> Pada E3 pada tahun 2005, konsol apa yang Nintendo mendedahkan permainan Revolusi seterusnya akan dibangunkan untuk? || <> Kad apa jenis yang mengandungi treler pratonton untuk Revolusi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What console boasted compatibility with the Wii?", "id": "56cd9df862d2951400fa677a", "answers": [{"text": "GameCube", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Nintendo provide a limited number of Twilight Princess previews?", "id": "56cd9df862d2951400fa677b", "answers": [{"text": "E3 2005", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At E3 in 2005, what console did Nintendo reveal the next Zelda game would be developed for?", "id": "56cd9df862d2951400fa677c", "answers": [{"text": "Wii", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Nintendo announce Zelda would appear on the Wii?", "id": "56d12fb517492d1400aabba1", "answers": [{"text": "At E3 2005", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "GameCube", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "What console boasted compatibility with Twilight Princess?", "id": "5a8dad7edf8bba001a0f9b65", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "E3 2005", "answer_start": 142}], "question": "Where did Nintendo provide a limited number of Wii previews?", "id": "5a8dad7edf8bba001a0f9b66", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "At E3 2005", "answer_start": 139}], "question": "When did Nintendo announce Zelda would appear on the GameCube?", "id": "5a8dad7edf8bba001a0f9b67", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wii", "answer_start": 313}], "question": "At E3 in 2005, what console did Nintendo reveal the next Revolution game would be developed for?", "id": "5a8dad7edf8bba001a0f9b68", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nintendo DS game cards", "answer_start": 187}], "question": "What kind of cards contained a preview trailer for Revolution?", "id": "5a8dad7edf8bba001a0f9b69", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Transferring GameCube development to the Wii was relatively simple, since the Wii was being created to be compatible with the GameCube.[o] At E3 2005, Nintendo released a small number of Nintendo DS game cards containing a preview trailer for Twilight Princess. They also announced that Zelda would appear on the Wii (then codenamed \"Revolution\"), but it was not clear to the media if this meant Twilight Princess or a different game."}], ["Dalam tempoh empat bulan, pasukan Aonuma berjaya membentangkan menunggang kuda yang realistik, [l] yang Nintendo kemudiannya mendedahkan kepada orang ramai dengan treler di Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004. Permainan itu dijadualkan akan dikeluarkan tahun depan, sehingga kepada The Wind Waker; Sekuel yang sebenar kepadanya dikeluarkan untuk Nintendo DS pada tahun 2007, dalam bentuk Hourglass Hantu. Miyamoto menjelaskan dalam wawancara bahawa gaya grafik dipilih untuk memuaskan permintaan, dan ia lebih sesuai dengan tema inkarnasi lama Link. Permainan ini berjalan pada enjin Wind Waker yang dimodifikasi. <> Berapa lama masa yang diperlukan untuk melaksanakan kuda menunggang dengan cara yang boleh dipercayai? || empat <> Di mana Nintendo melihat ciri menunggang kuda? || Ekspo Hiburan Elektronik 2004 <> Konsol apa yang menjadi rumah kepada sekuel The Wind Waker? || Nintendo DS <> Apa nama permainan Waker Angin kedua? || Hour Hours Phantom <> Bilakah syarikat melepaskan treler aspek menunggang kuda? || 2004 <> Berapa lamakah diperlukan untuk melaksanakan menunggang Phantoms dengan cara yang boleh dipercayai? || <> Di mana melihat Nintendo ciri menunggang Phantom? || <> Konsol apa yang menjadi rumah kepada sekuel Aonuma? || <> Apa nama permainan kedua Aonuma? || <> Bilakah syarikat melepaskan treler aspek menunggang Phantom? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How long did it take to implement riding horses in a believable manner?", "id": "56cd96c162d2951400fa6758", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Nintendo preview the horseback riding feature?", "id": "56cd96c162d2951400fa6759", "answers": [{"text": "Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What console was home to the sequel for The Wind Waker?", "id": "56cd96c162d2951400fa675a", "answers": [{"text": "Nintendo DS", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the second Wind Waker game?", "id": "56cd96c162d2951400fa675b", "answers": [{"text": "Phantom Hourglass", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the company release a trailer of the horseback riding aspect?", "id": "56d12d5117492d1400aabb71", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "four months", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "How long did it take to implement riding Phantoms in a believable manner?", "id": "5a8da7d2df8bba001a0f9b47", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004", "answer_start": 142}], "question": "Where did Nintendo preview the Phantom riding feature?", "id": "5a8da7d2df8bba001a0f9b48", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nintendo DS", "answer_start": 321}], "question": "What console was home to the sequel for Aonuma?", "id": "5a8da7d2df8bba001a0f9b49", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Phantom Hourglass", "answer_start": 357}], "question": "What was the name of the second Aonuma game?", "id": "5a8da7d2df8bba001a0f9b4a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "When did the company release a trailer of the Phantom riding aspect?", "id": "5a8da7d2df8bba001a0f9b4b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In four months, Aonuma's team managed to present realistic horseback riding,[l] which Nintendo later revealed to the public with a trailer at Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004. The game was scheduled to be released the next year, and was no longer a follow-up to The Wind Waker; a true sequel to it was released for the Nintendo DS in 2007, in the form of Phantom Hourglass. Miyamoto explained in interviews that the graphical style was chosen to satisfy demand, and that it better fit the theme of an older incarnation of Link. The game runs on a modified The Wind Waker engine."}], ["Aonuma telah dijangka mencipta permainan Zelda untuk apa yang kemudiannya dipanggil Wii, tetapi mengandaikan bahawa dia perlu melengkapkan Twilight Princess terlebih dahulu. Pasukannya mula bekerja membangunkan antara muka berasaskan penunjuk untuk anak panah dan anak panah, dan Aonuma mendapati bahawa menargetkan secara langsung pada skrin memberi permainan rasa baru, sama seperti skema kawalan DS untuk Hourglass Hantu. Aonuma berasa yakin ini satu-satunya cara untuk meneruskan, tetapi bimbang tentang pengguna yang telah menjangkakan pelepasan GameCube. Membangunkan dua versi akan menangguhkan keluaran yang diumumkan pada tahun 2005, yang masih mengecewakan pengguna. Satoru Iwata merasakan bahawa kedua-dua versi itu akan memuaskan pengguna pada akhirnya, walaupun mereka perlu menunggu produk siap. Aonuma kemudian mula bekerja pada kedua-dua versi selari. [O] <> Antara muka jenis apa yang digunakan untuk memanah dalam permainan? || berasaskan penunjuk <> Apa rancangan pelancaran awal untuk Twilight Princess? || 2005 <> Yang mana pekerja Nintendo yakin dengan potensi membangunkan dua versi Twilight Princess? || Satoru Iwata <> Apakah tarikh keluaran asli untuk Gamecube? || 2005 <> Skim kawalan jenis apa yang digunakan untuk memanah dalam permainan? || <> Apa rancangan pelancaran awal untuk Twilight Princess? || <> Yang mana pekerja Nintendo yakin dalam potensi membangunkan dua versi Aonuma? || <> Apakah tarikh pelepasan asal untuk Satoru? || <> Siapa yang menemui yang menyasarkan secara langsung di GameCube memberikan permainan rasa baru? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of interface was used for in-game archery?", "id": "56cd97f862d2951400fa676a", "answers": [{"text": "pointing-based", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the originally-planned launch year for Twilight Princess?", "id": "56cd97f862d2951400fa676b", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 570}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Nintendo employee was confident in the potential of developing two versions of Twilight Princess?", "id": "56cd97f862d2951400fa676c", "answers": [{"text": "Satoru Iwata", "answer_start": 618}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the original release date for Gamecube?", "id": "56d12ed617492d1400aabb96", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 570}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pointing-based", "answer_start": 190}], "question": "What kind of control schemes were used for in-game archery?", "id": "5a8dab7cdf8bba001a0f9b5b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 570}], "question": "What was the originally-planned launch year for Twilight Princess?", "id": "5a8dab7cdf8bba001a0f9b5c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Satoru Iwata", "answer_start": 618}], "question": "Which Nintendo employee was confident in the potential of developing two versions of Aonuma?", "id": "5a8dab7cdf8bba001a0f9b5d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 570}], "question": "What was the original release date for Satoru?", "id": "5a8dab7cdf8bba001a0f9b5e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Aonuma", "answer_start": 242}], "question": "Who found that aiming directly at the GameCube gave the game a new feel?", "id": "5a8dab7cdf8bba001a0f9b5f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Aonuma had anticipated creating a Zelda game for what would later be called the Wii, but had assumed that he would need to complete Twilight Princess first. His team began work developing a pointing-based interface for the bow and arrow, and Aonuma found that aiming directly at the screen gave the game a new feel, just like the DS control scheme for Phantom Hourglass. Aonuma felt confident this was the only way to proceed, but worried about consumers who had been anticipating a GameCube release. Developing two versions would mean delaying the previously announced 2005 release, still disappointing the consumer. Satoru Iwata felt that having both versions would satisfy users in the end, even though they would have to wait for the finished product. Aonuma then started working on both versions in parallel.[o]"}], ["Pada masa ini, Pautan juga membantu Midna mencari Shadows Fused, serpihan relik yang mengandungi sihir gelap yang kuat. Sebagai balasan, dia membantu Pautan mencari anak-anak Ordon Village sambil membantu monyet Faron, Gorons of Eldin, dan Zoras Lanayru. Sekali Link telah memulihkan Semangat Cahaya dan Midna mempunyai semua Shadows Fused, mereka diserang oleh Zant. Selepas dia melepaskan Midna dari serpihan Fused Shadow, dia mengejeknya kerana menyalahgunakan sihir suku kaumnya, tetapi Zant mendedahkan bahawa kekuasaannya berasal dari sumber lain ketika ia menggunakannya untuk menjadikan Pautan kembali menjadi serigala, dan kemudian meninggalkan Midna di Hyrule untuk mati cahaya dunia. Membawa Midna yang mati ke Zelda, Link belajar bahawa dia memerlukan Master Sword untuk kembali ke bentuk manusia. Zelda mengorbankan dirinya untuk menyembuhkan Midna dengan kuasanya sebelum hilang misterius. Midna dipindahkan oleh pengorbanan Zelda, dan mula lebih peduli tentang Link dan nasib dunia cahaya. <> Apakah pautan membantu Midna dalam koleksi? || Fused Shadows <> Siapa yang menyerang Link dan Midna ketika mereka selesai tugas koleksi mereka? || Zant <> Apa senjata yang boleh mengubah Pautan kembali kepada dirinya sendiri? || Master Sword <> Siapa yang menyelamatkan Midna? || Zelda <> Di manakah Zora berasal? || Lanayru <> Apa Pautan membantu mencari Midna? || Fused Shadows <> Who ambushes Link and Midna? || Zant <> Apakah Link menemui dia perlu mencari untuk kembali ke bentuk manusia? || Pedang Pedang <> Siapa yang mengorbankan dirinya untuk menyelamatkan Midna? || Zelda <> Apakah Link membantu Gorons dalam mengumpul? || <> Siapa yang menyerang Gorons dan Eldin apabila mereka telah selesai mengumpul mereka? || <> Senjata apa yang boleh mengubah Zelda kembali kepada dirinya sendiri? || <> Siapa menjimatkan Pautan? || <> Di manakah berasal dari Eldin? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does Link assist Midna in collection?", "id": "56cd937162d2951400fa6732", "answers": [{"text": "Fused Shadows", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who attacks Link and Midna when they've finished their collection tasks?", "id": "56cd937162d2951400fa6733", "answers": [{"text": "Zant", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What weapon can transform Link back to his original self?", "id": "56cd937162d2951400fa6734", "answers": [{"text": "Master Sword", "answer_start": 689}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who saves Midna?", "id": "56cd937162d2951400fa6735", "answers": [{"text": "Zelda", "answer_start": 657}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do the Zoras come from?", "id": "56cd937162d2951400fa6736", "answers": [{"text": "Lanayru", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Link help Midna find?", "id": "56d12a1317492d1400aabb10", "answers": [{"text": "Fused Shadows", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ambushes Link and Midna?", "id": "56d12a1317492d1400aabb12", "answers": [{"text": "Zant", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Link discover he needs to find to return to human form?", "id": "56d12a1317492d1400aabb13", "answers": [{"text": "Master Sword", "answer_start": 689}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who sacrifices herself to save Midna?", "id": "56d12a1317492d1400aabb14", "answers": [{"text": "Zelda", "answer_start": 657}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Fused Shadows", "answer_start": 319}], "question": "What does Link assist Gorons in collecting?", "id": "5a8d9a35df8bba001a0f9b1f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zant", "answer_start": 355}], "question": "Who attacks Gorons and Eldin when they've finished their collection?", "id": "5a8d9a35df8bba001a0f9b20", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Master Sword", "answer_start": 689}], "question": "What weapon can transform Zelda back to his original self?", "id": "5a8d9a35df8bba001a0f9b21", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zelda", "answer_start": 727}], "question": "Who saves Link?", "id": "5a8d9a35df8bba001a0f9b22", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lanayru", "answer_start": 247}], "question": "Where do the Eldin come from?", "id": "5a8d9a35df8bba001a0f9b23", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During this time, Link also helps Midna find the Fused Shadows, fragments of a relic containing powerful dark magic. In return, she helps Link find Ordon Village's children while helping the monkeys of Faron, the Gorons of Eldin, and the Zoras of Lanayru. Once Link has restored the Light Spirits and Midna has all the Fused Shadows, they are ambushed by Zant. After he relieves Midna of the Fused Shadow fragments, she ridicules him for abusing his tribe's magic, but Zant reveals that his power comes from another source as he uses it to turn Link back into a wolf, and then leaves Midna in Hyrule to die from the world's light. Bringing a dying Midna to Zelda, Link learns he needs the Master Sword to return to human form. Zelda sacrifices herself to heal Midna with her power before vanishing mysteriously. Midna is moved by Zelda's sacrifice, and begins to care more about Link and the fate of the light world."}], ["Ganondorf kemudian menghidupkan semula, dan Midna teleports Link dan Zelda di luar istana supaya dia dapat menahannya dengan Shadows Fused. Walau bagaimanapun, apabila Hyrule Castle runtuh, ia terbukti bahawa Ganondorf menang ketika dia menghancurkan topi keledar Midna. Ganondorf melibatkan Link pada menunggang kuda, dan dibantu oleh Zelda dan Spirits Light, Link akhirnya mengetuk Ganondorf dari kudanya dan mereka berduel dengan berjalan kaki sebelum Link menyerang Ganondorf dan menjatuhkan Pedang Master ke dadanya. Dengan Ganondorf mati, Roh Kudus tidak hanya membawa Midna kembali ke kehidupan, tapi mengembalikannya ke bentuk yang sebenarnya. Selepas mengucapkan selamat tinggal kepada Link dan Zelda, Midna kembali ke rumah sebelum memusnahkan Mirror of Twilight dengan air mata untuk mengekalkan keseimbangan antara Hyrule dan Realm Twilight. Hampir akhir, apabila Istana Hyrule dibina semula, Pautan ditunjukkan meninggalkan Ordon Village menuju bahagian yang tidak dikenali. <> Apa pemilikan Midna yang menghancurkan Ganondorf? || helmet <> Di mana Link berlepas dari pada akhir permainan? || Ordon Village <> Watak mana yang membantu Pautan mendapatkan Ganondorf dari kudanya? || Zelda <> Kepada bahagian badannya apa Link menyampaikan pukulan membunuh kepada Ganondorf? || dada <> Siapa yang bangkit Midna selepas bertarung dengan Ganondorf? || Spirits Light <> Who Midna teleport? || Pautan dan Zelda <> Apakah Ganondorf menghancurkan? || Topi Midna <> Apa yang musnah Midna? || Cermin Twilight <> Apakah kepunyaan Link yang dimusnahkan oleh Ganondorf? || <> Di mana Ganondorf berlepas dari pada akhir permainan? || <> Watak mana yang membantu Midna mendapatkan Ganandorf dari kudanya? || <> Kepada bahagian badannya apa Zelda menyampaikan pukulan membunuh kepada Ganondorf? || <> Siapa yang membangkitkan Zelda selepas bertempur dengan Ganondorf? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What possession of Midna does Ganondorf destroy?", "id": "56cd953262d2951400fa6746", "answers": [{"text": "helmet", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does Link depart from at the end of the game?", "id": "56cd953262d2951400fa6747", "answers": [{"text": "Ordon Village", "answer_start": 816}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which character helps Link get Ganondorf off of his horse?", "id": "56cd953262d2951400fa6748", "answers": [{"text": "Zelda", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what part of his body does Link deliver the killing blow to Ganondorf?", "id": "56cd953262d2951400fa6749", "answers": [{"text": "chest", "answer_start": 463}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who resurrects Midna after the fight with Ganondorf?", "id": "56cd953262d2951400fa674a", "answers": [{"text": "Light Spirits", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does Midna teleport?", "id": "56d12bda17492d1400aabb44", "answers": [{"text": "Link and Zelda", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Ganondorf crush?", "id": "56d12bda17492d1400aabb45", "answers": [{"text": "Midna's helmet", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Midna destroy?", "id": "56d12bda17492d1400aabb47", "answers": [{"text": "Mirror of Twilight", "answer_start": 661}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "helmet", "answer_start": 230}], "question": "What possession of Link does Ganondorf destroy?", "id": "5a8da394df8bba001a0f9b33", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ordon Village", "answer_start": 816}], "question": "Where does Ganondorf depart from at the end of the game?", "id": "5a8da394df8bba001a0f9b34", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zelda", "answer_start": 292}], "question": "Which character helps Midna get Ganandorf off of her horse?", "id": "5a8da394df8bba001a0f9b35", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "chest", "answer_start": 463}], "question": "To what part of his body does Zelda deliver the killing blow to Ganondorf?", "id": "5a8da394df8bba001a0f9b36", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Light Spirits", "answer_start": 306}], "question": "Who resurrects Zelda after the fight with Ganondorf?", "id": "5a8da394df8bba001a0f9b37", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Ganondorf then revives, and Midna teleports Link and Zelda outside the castle so she can hold him off with the Fused Shadows. However, as Hyrule Castle collapses, it is revealed that Ganondorf was victorious as he crushes Midna's helmet. Ganondorf engages Link on horseback, and, assisted by Zelda and the Light Spirits, Link eventually knocks Ganondorf off his horse and they duel on foot before Link strikes down Ganondorf and plunges the Master Sword into his chest. With Ganondorf dead, the Light Spirits not only bring Midna back to life, but restore her to her true form. After bidding farewell to Link and Zelda, Midna returns home before destroying the Mirror of Twilight with a tear to maintain balance between Hyrule and the Twilight Realm. Near the end, as Hyrule Castle is rebuilt, Link is shown leaving Ordon Village heading to parts unknown."}], ["Twilight Princess berlaku beberapa abad selepas Ocarina of Time dan Mask Majora, dan bermula dengan seorang remaja bernama Link yang bekerja sebagai tangan peternakan di Ordon Village. Pada suatu hari, kampung itu diserang oleh Bulblins, yang membawa anak-anak kampung itu dengan Pautan untuk mengejar sebelum dia menemui dinding Twilight. A Shadow Beast menariknya melampaui dinding ke dalam Realm of Twilight, di mana dia berubah menjadi serigala dan dipenjarakan. Pautan tidak lama kemudian dibebaskan oleh Twilight seperti impen bernama Midna, yang tidak suka Pautan tetapi bersetuju untuk membantunya jika dia mematuhi dia tanpa syarat. Dia membimbingnya ke Princess Zelda. Zelda menjelaskan bahawa Zant, Raja Twilight, telah mencuri cahaya dari tiga daripada empat Roh Kudus dan menakluki Hyrule. Untuk menyelamatkan Hyrule, Pautan mesti terlebih dahulu memulihkan Semangat Cahaya dengan memasuki kawasan yang dilindungi Twilight dan, sebagai serigala, pulihkan cahaya yang hilang Roh. Dia mesti melakukan ini dengan mengumpul pelbagai \"Air mata Cahaya\"; sebaik sahaja semua Air mata Cahaya dikumpulkan untuk satu kawasan, ia memulihkan semula Roh Kudus kawasan itu. Semasa dia mengembalikan mereka, Spirits Light kembali Pautan ke bentuk Hyliannya. <> Apakah pekerjaan Link pada permulaan Twilight Princess? || tangan peternakan <> Apa yang diambil oleh Bulbins dari Ordon? || kanak-kanak <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan pautan dari Realm of Twilight? || Midna <> Apa Link harus mengumpulkan untuk menyelesaikan setiap area? || Air mata cahaya <> Di mana Pautan berfungsi sebagai tangan peternakan? || Ordon Village <> Siapa yang menyerang kampung? || Bulblins <> Apa yang perlu Pautan mengumpul? || Air mata Cahaya <> Apakah pekerjaan Spirits Light pada permulaan Twilight Princess? || <> Apa yang diambil oleh Bulbins dari Pautan? || <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan Bulbins dari Realm of Twilight? || <> Apa dos Midna perlu berkumpul untuk menyelesaikan setiap kawasan? || <> Di mana Midna bekerja sebagai tangan peternakan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Link's job at the start of Twilight Princess?", "id": "56cd92e562d2951400fa6728", "answers": [{"text": "ranch hand", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do the Bulbins take from Ordon?", "id": "56cd92e562d2951400fa672a", "answers": [{"text": "children", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who releases Link from the Realm of Twilight?", "id": "56cd92e562d2951400fa672b", "answers": [{"text": "Midna", "answer_start": 494}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Link have to gather in order to complete each area?", "id": "56cd92e562d2951400fa672c", "answers": [{"text": "Tears of Light", "answer_start": 940}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Link working as a ranch hand?", "id": "56d1298217492d1400aabaf8", "answers": [{"text": "Ordon Village", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who attacks the village?", "id": "56d1298217492d1400aabaf9", "answers": [{"text": "Bulblins", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What must Link collect?", "id": "56d1298217492d1400aabafb", "answers": [{"text": "Tears of Light", "answer_start": 940}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ranch hand", "answer_start": 144}], "question": "What is the Light Spirits job at the start of Twilight Princess?", "id": "5a8d9520df8bba001a0f9b15", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "children", "answer_start": 247}], "question": "What do the Bulbins take from Link?", "id": "5a8d9520df8bba001a0f9b16", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Midna", "answer_start": 494}], "question": "Who releases Bulbins from the Realm of Twilight?", "id": "5a8d9520df8bba001a0f9b17", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tears of Light", "answer_start": 940}], "question": "What dos Midna have to gather in order to complete each area?", "id": "5a8d9520df8bba001a0f9b18", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ordon Village", "answer_start": 158}], "question": "Where is Midna working as a ranch hand?", "id": "5a8d9520df8bba001a0f9b19", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Twilight Princess takes place several centuries after Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask, and begins with a youth named Link who is working as a ranch hand in Ordon Village. One day, the village is attacked by Bulblins, who carry off the village's children with Link in pursuit before he encounters a wall of Twilight. A Shadow Beast pulls him beyond the wall into the Realm of Twilight, where he is transformed into a wolf and imprisoned. Link is soon freed by an imp-like Twilight being named Midna, who dislikes Link but agrees to help him if he obeys her unconditionally. She guides him to Princess Zelda. Zelda explains that Zant, the King of the Twilight, has stolen the light from three of the four Light Spirits and conquered Hyrule. In order to save Hyrule, Link must first restore the Light Spirits by entering the Twilight-covered areas and, as a wolf, recover the Spirits' lost light. He must do this by collecting the multiple \"Tears of Light\"; once all the Tears of Light are collected for one area, he restores that area's Light Spirit. As he restores them, the Light Spirits return Link to his Hylian form."}], ["Pasukan ini bekerja pada skema kawalan Wii, menyesuaikan kawalan kamera dan mekanik pertempuran untuk antara muka baru. Prototaip telah dibuat yang menggunakan isyarat berayun untuk mengawal pedang dari sudut pandangan orang pertama, tetapi tidak dapat menunjukkan pelbagai pergerakan Link. Apabila pandangan orang ketiga itu dipulihkan, Aonuma fikir ia menjadi pelik untuk mengayunkan Wii Remote dengan tangan kanan untuk mengawal pedang di sebelah kiri Link, jadi peta versi Wii keseluruhan dicerminkan. [P] Butiran tentang kawalan Wii bermula permukaan pada bulan Disember 2005 ketika penerbitan Inggris majalah NGC mengklaim bahwa ketika salinan GameCube Twilight Princess dimainkan pada Revolusi, itu akan memberi pemain pilihan untuk menggunakan pengawal Revolusi. Miyamoto mengesahkan fungsi pengawal Revolusi dalam temu bual dengan Nintendo of Europe dan Time melaporkan ini tidak lama kemudian. Walau bagaimanapun, sokongan untuk pengawal Wii tidak membuatnya menjadi pelepasan GameCube. Pada E3 2006, Nintendo mengumumkan bahawa kedua-dua versi itu boleh didapati di pelancaran Wii, dan mempunyai versi Twilight Princess yang boleh dimainkan untuk Wii. [P] Kemudian, pelepasan GameCube telah ditolak kembali sebulan selepas pelancaran Wii. <> Pergerakan apa jenis yang dihubungkan dengan pedang di Twilight Princess? || isyarat isyarat <> Siapa yang memberi maklumat mengenai kawalan permainan pada bulan Disember 2005? || Majalah NGC <> Apa yang akhirnya tidak disokong dalam versi GameCube Twilight Princess? || Pengawal Wii <> Dalam tahun apakah Nintendo mendedahkan bahawa dua siaran Twilight Princess yang berbeza telah dirancang untuk dilancarkan pada masa yang sama dengan Wii? || 2006 <> Berapa lamakah versi GameCube Twilight Princess ditangguhkan? || sebulan <> majalah apa yang dikatakan pemain akan dapat menggunakan pengawal Revolusi? || Majalah NGC <> Bilakah Nintendo mengumumkan kedua-dua versi Twilight Princess akan tersedia pada pelancaran Wii? || E3 2006 <> Pergerakan apa jenis interfaced dengan pedang di Nintendo? || <> Siapa yang memberikan maklumat tentang kawalan permainan pada bulan Disember 2006? || <> Apa yang akhirnya tidak disokong dalam versi Wii Twilight Princess? || <> Dalam tahun apakah Nintendo mendedahkan bahawa dua siaran Twilight Princess yang berbeza telah dirancang untuk dilancarkan pada masa yang sama seperti NGC? || <> Berapa lama versi Wii Twilight Princess ditangguhkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of movement interfaced with the sword in Twilight Princess?", "id": "56cd9ed662d2951400fa6780", "answers": [{"text": "swinging gesture", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who provided information about the game's controls in December of 2005?", "id": "56cd9ed662d2951400fa6781", "answers": [{"text": "NGC Magazine", "answer_start": 566}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ended up not being supported in the GameCube version of Twilight Princess?", "id": "56cd9ed662d2951400fa6782", "answers": [{"text": "Wii controller", "answer_start": 895}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Nintendo reveal that the two different releases of Twilight Princess were planned for launch at the same time as the Wii?", "id": "56cd9ed662d2951400fa6783", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 959}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long was the GameCube version of Twilight Princess delayed?", "id": "56cd9ed662d2951400fa6784", "answers": [{"text": "a month", "answer_start": 1152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What magazine mentioned players would be able to use the Revolution controller?", "id": "56d1307b17492d1400aabbb1", "answers": [{"text": "NGC Magazine", "answer_start": 566}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Nintendo announce both versions of Twilight Princess would be available at the Wii launch?", "id": "56d1307b17492d1400aabbb2", "answers": [{"text": "E3 2006", "answer_start": 956}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "swinging gesture", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "What kind of movement interfaced with the sword in Nintendo?", "id": "5a8dae8adf8bba001a0f9b6f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "NGC Magazine", "answer_start": 566}], "question": "Who provided information about the game's controls in December of 2006?", "id": "5a8dae8adf8bba001a0f9b70", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wii controller", "answer_start": 895}], "question": "What ended up not being supported in the Wii version of Twilight Princess?", "id": "5a8dae8adf8bba001a0f9b71", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 959}], "question": "In what year did Nintendo reveal that the two different releases of Twilight Princess were planned for launch at the same time as NGC?", "id": "5a8dae8adf8bba001a0f9b72", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a month", "answer_start": 1152}], "question": "How long was the Wii version of Twilight Princess delayed?", "id": "5a8dae8adf8bba001a0f9b73", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The team worked on a Wii control scheme, adapting camera control and the fighting mechanics to the new interface. A prototype was created that used a swinging gesture to control the sword from a first-person viewpoint, but was unable to show the variety of Link's movements. When the third-person view was restored, Aonuma thought it felt strange to swing the Wii Remote with the right hand to control the sword in Link's left hand, so the entire Wii version map was mirrored.[p] Details about Wii controls began to surface in December 2005 when British publication NGC Magazine claimed that when a GameCube copy of Twilight Princess was played on the Revolution, it would give the player the option of using the Revolution controller. Miyamoto confirmed the Revolution controller-functionality in an interview with Nintendo of Europe and Time reported this soon after. However, support for the Wii controller did not make it into the GameCube release. At E3 2006, Nintendo announced that both versions would be available at the Wii launch, and had a playable version of Twilight Princess for the Wii.[p] Later, the GameCube release was pushed back to a month after the launch of the Wii."}], ["Sebelum permainan Zelda telah menggunakan tema dua dunia yang berasingan, namun bersambung, dunia. Dalam Pautan ke Masa Lalu, Pautan bergerak di antara \"Dunia Cahaya\" dan \"Dunia Gelap\"; di Ocarina of Time, serta di Oracle of Ages, Link bergerak di antara dua tempoh masa yang berlainan. Pasukan Zelda berusaha untuk menggunakan semula motif ini dalam ansuran terbaru siri. Ia dicadangkan bahawa Link berubah menjadi serigala, seperti dia metamorphoses ke dalam arnab di Dunia Gelap A Link ke Masa Lalu. [M] Kisah permainan ini dicipta oleh Aonuma, dan kemudian mengalami beberapa perubahan oleh penulis senario Mitsuhiro Takano dan Aya Kyogoku. Takano mencipta skrip untuk adegan cerita, sementara Kyogoku dan Takayuki Ikkaku mengendalikan skrip in-game yang sebenarnya. Aonuma meninggalkan pasukannya bekerja pada idea baru ketika dia mengarahkan The Minish Cap untuk Game Boy Advance. Apabila dia kembali, dia mendapati pasukan Twilight Princess bergelut. Penekanan pada dunia selari dan transformasi serigala telah menjadikan watak Link sukar dipercayai. Aonuma juga merasakan permainan tidak mempunyai inovasi yang boleh didapati dalam Phantom Hourglass, yang sedang dibangunkan dengan kawalan sentuhan untuk Nintendo DS. Pada masa yang sama, Wii sedang dibangun dengan nama kod \"Revolusi\". Miyamoto menganggap bahawa peranti penunjuk Revolusi, Wii Remote, sangat sesuai untuk menunjuk anak panah di Zelda, dan mencadangkan bahawa Aonuma mempertimbangkan untuk menggunakannya. [N] <> Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan pautan ke dalam Pautan ke Masa Lalu? || arnab <> Aonuma meninggalkan pasukan pembangunan Twilight Princess untuk bekerja di mana permainan lain? || The Minish Cap <> Apa nama kerja untuk Wii sebelum dibebaskan? || Revolusi <> Siapa yang mencadangkan bahawa Wii Remote akan digunakan dalam skema kawalan untuk Twilight Princess? || Miyamoto <> Siapa yang membuat skrip untuk adegan cerita? || Mitsuhiro Takano <> Apa peranti kelihatan sesuai untuk keupayaan menembak anak panah Link? || Wii Remote <> Apa Zelda berubah menjadi Pautan ke Masa Lalu? || <> Aonuma meninggalkan A Link ke pasukan pembangunan lalu untuk bekerja di mana permainan lain? || <> Apakah nama kerja untuk Pautan ke Masa Lalu sebelum dibebaskan? || <> Siapa yang mencadangkan bahawa Permainan Boy Advance Remote boleh digunakan dalam skema kawalan untuk Twilight Princess? || <> Siapa yang membuat skrip untuk Game Boy Advance? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does Link morph into in A Link to the Past?", "id": "56cd976762d2951400fa6761", "answers": [{"text": "rabbit", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aonuma left the Twilight Princess development team to work on which other game?", "id": "56cd976762d2951400fa6762", "answers": [{"text": "The Minish Cap", "answer_start": 786}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the working name for the Wii prior to release?", "id": "56cd976762d2951400fa6763", "answers": [{"text": "Revolution", "answer_start": 1219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who proposed that the Wii Remote be used in the control scheme for Twilight Princess?", "id": "56cd976762d2951400fa6764", "answers": [{"text": "Miyamoto", "answer_start": 1232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created the script for the story scenes?", "id": "56d12e4a17492d1400aabb8b", "answers": [{"text": "Mitsuhiro Takano", "answer_start": 572}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What device seemed well-suited for Link's arrow shooting ability?", "id": "56d12e4a17492d1400aabb8c", "answers": [{"text": "Wii Remote", "answer_start": 1292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "rabbit", "answer_start": 420}], "question": "What does Zelda morph into in A Link to the Past?", "id": "5a8da94adf8bba001a0f9b51", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Minish Cap", "answer_start": 786}], "question": "Aonuma left the A Link to the Past development team to work on which other game?", "id": "5a8da94adf8bba001a0f9b52", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Revolution", "answer_start": 1219}], "question": "What was the working name for A Link to the Past prior to release?", "id": "5a8da94adf8bba001a0f9b53", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Miyamoto", "answer_start": 1232}], "question": "Who proposed that the Game Boy Advance Remote be used in the control scheme for Twilight Princess?", "id": "5a8da94adf8bba001a0f9b54", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mitsuhiro Takano", "answer_start": 572}], "question": "Who created the scripts for the Game Boy Advance?", "id": "5a8da94adf8bba001a0f9b55", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Prior Zelda games have employed a theme of two separate, yet connected, worlds. In A Link to the Past, Link travels between a \"Light World\" and a \"Dark World\"; in Ocarina of Time, as well as in Oracle of Ages, Link travels between two different time periods. The Zelda team sought to reuse this motif in the series' latest installment. It was suggested that Link transform into a wolf, much like he metamorphoses into a rabbit in the Dark World of A Link to the Past.[m] The story of the game was created by Aonuma, and later underwent several changes by scenario writers Mitsuhiro Takano and Aya Kyogoku. Takano created the script for the story scenes, while Kyogoku and Takayuki Ikkaku handled the actual in-game script. Aonuma left his team working on the new idea while he directed The Minish Cap for the Game Boy Advance. When he returned, he found the Twilight Princess team struggling. Emphasis on the parallel worlds and the wolf transformation had made Link's character unbelievable. Aonuma also felt the gameplay lacked the caliber of innovation found in Phantom Hourglass, which was being developed with touch controls for the Nintendo DS. At the same time, the Wii was under development with the code name \"Revolution\". Miyamoto thought that the Revolution's pointing device, the Wii Remote, was well suited for aiming arrows in Zelda, and suggested that Aonuma consider using it.[n]"}], ["Pada tahun 2003, Nintendo mengumumkan bahawa permainan The Legend of Zelda yang baru adalah dalam kerja-kerja untuk GameCube oleh pasukan yang sama yang telah mencipta cel-Shadow The Wind Waker. Pada Persidangan Pembangun Permainan tahun berikutnya, pengarah Eiji Aonuma secara tidak sengaja mendedahkan bahawa sekuel permainan itu sedang dalam perkembangan di bawah tajuk kerja The Wind Waker 2; ia telah ditetapkan untuk menggunakan gaya grafik serupa dengan pendahulunya. Nintendo of America memberitahu Aonuma bahawa jualan Amerika Utara The Wind Waker lamban kerana penampilan kartunnya mencipta kesan bahawa permainan itu direka untuk penonton muda. Nasib baik bahawa sekuel itu akan mempunyai masalah yang sama, Aonuma menyatakan kepada pengeluar Shigeru Miyamoto bahawa dia mahu mencipta permainan Zelda yang realistik yang akan menarik minat pasaran Amerika Utara. Miyamoto, ragu-ragu mengenai semata-mata mengubah persembahan permainan itu, mencadangkan fokus pasukan itu sebaliknya akan muncul dengan inovasi permainan. Beliau menasihati bahawa Aonuma harus bermula dengan melakukan apa yang tidak dapat dilakukan di Ocarina of Time, khususnya pertempuran kuda. [L] <> Dalam tahun berapa Nintendo mendedahkan permulaan pembangunan pada apa yang akan menjadi Twilight Princess? || 2003 <> Pada apa peristiwa itu berpotensi tindak lanjut kepada The Wind Waker yang disebutkan? || Persidangan Pemaju Permainan <> Apakah rantau di dunia yang Nintendo ingin merancang permainan Legend seterusnya Zelda? || Amerika Utara <> Apa salah satu ciri yang tidak dapat dilaksanakan dalam Ocarina of Time? || pertempuran kuda <> Tahun berapa Nintendo mengumumkan Legend baru Zelda dalam kerja-kerja untuk Gamecube? || 2003 <> Siapa pengarah yang secara tidak sengaja mengumumkan permainan Zelda dalam kerja? || Eiji Aonuma <> Apakah kawasan tertentu permainan yang belum pernah dilakukan di Ocarina of Time? || pertempuran kuda <> Dalam tahun berapa Nintendo mendedahkan permulaan pembangunan pada apa yang akan menjadi The Wind Waker? || <> Pada apa peristiwa yang berpotensi susulan kepada Shigeru Miyamoto disebutkan? || <> Kawasan mana yang lebih buruk yang dilakukan oleh Nintendo ingin merancang permainan Legenda Shigeru seterusnya? || <> Apa salah satu ciri yang tidak dapat dilaksanakan di Shigeru Miyamoto? || <> Tahun berapa Nintendo mengumumkan Legend baru Zelda dalam kerja-kerja untuk pertempuran kuda? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Nintendo reveal the start of development on what would become Twilight Princess?", "id": "56cd95f562d2951400fa6750", "answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what event was a potential follow-up to The Wind Waker mentioned?", "id": "56cd95f562d2951400fa6751", "answers": [{"text": "Game Developers Conference", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What region of the world did Nintendo want to design the next Legend of Zelda game for?", "id": "56cd95f562d2951400fa6752", "answers": [{"text": "North American", "answer_start": 454}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was one feature that could not be implemented in Ocarina of Time?", "id": "56cd95f562d2951400fa6753", "answers": [{"text": "horseback combat", "answer_start": 1059}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Nintendo announce a new Legend of Zelda was in the works for Gamecube?", "id": "56d12ceb17492d1400aabb5c", "answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the director that unintentionally announced a Zelda game was in the works?", "id": "56d12ceb17492d1400aabb5d", "answers": [{"text": "Eiji Aonuma", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the specific area of gameplay that had not been done in Ocarina of Time?", "id": "56d12ceb17492d1400aabb5f", "answers": [{"text": "horseback combat", "answer_start": 1059}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "In what year did Nintendo reveal the start of development on what would become The Wind Waker?", "id": "5a8da6c7df8bba001a0f9b3d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Game Developers Conference", "answer_start": 187}], "question": "At what event was a potential follow-up to Shigeru Miyamoto mentioned?", "id": "5a8da6c7df8bba001a0f9b3e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "North American", "answer_start": 454}], "question": "What region of the wold did Nintendo want to design the next Legend of Shigeru game for?", "id": "5a8da6c7df8bba001a0f9b3f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "horseback combat", "answer_start": 1059}], "question": "What was one feature that could not be implemented in Shigeru Miyamoto?", "id": "5a8da6c7df8bba001a0f9b40", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "What year did Nintendo announce a new Legend of Zelda was in the works for horseback combat?", "id": "5a8da6c7df8bba001a0f9b41", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2003, Nintendo announced that a new The Legend of Zelda game was in the works for the GameCube by the same team that had created the cel-shaded The Wind Waker. At the following year's Game Developers Conference, director Eiji Aonuma unintentionally revealed that the game's sequel was in development under the working title The Wind Waker 2; it was set to use a similar graphical style to that of its predecessor. Nintendo of America told Aonuma that North American sales of The Wind Waker were sluggish because its cartoon appearance created the impression that the game was designed for a young audience. Concerned that the sequel would have the same problem, Aonuma expressed to producer Shigeru Miyamoto that he wanted to create a realistic Zelda game that would appeal to the North American market. Miyamoto, hesitant about solely changing the game's presentation, suggested the team's focus should instead be on coming up with gameplay innovations. He advised that Aonuma should start by doing what could not be done in Ocarina of Time, particularly horseback combat.[l]"}], ["Selepas mendapat Master Sword, Link dibersihkan dari sihir yang membuatnya dalam bentuk serigala, mendapatkan Crystal Shadow. Sekarang boleh menggunakannya untuk bertukar antara kedua-dua bentuk di akan, Link diketuai oleh Midna ke Mirror of Twilight yang terletak jauh di Gurun Gerudo, satu-satunya pintu masuk yang diketahui antara Realm Twilight dan Hyrule. Walau bagaimanapun, mereka mendapati bahawa cermin itu pecah. Orang-orang bijak di sana menjelaskan bahawa Zant cuba untuk memusnahkannya, tetapi dia hanya dapat menghancurkannya menjadi serpihan; hanya penguasa sebenar Twili dapat memusnahkan Mirror Twilight sepenuhnya. Mereka juga mendedahkan bahawa mereka menggunakannya satu abad yang lalu untuk menghalau Ganondorf, pemimpin Gerudo yang cuba mencuri Triforce, ke Realm Twilight ketika melaksanakannya gagal. Dibantu oleh kumpulan rintangan bawah tanah yang mereka jumpai di Castle Town, Link dan Midna berangkat untuk mengambil barang-barang yang hilang dari Mirror, mengalahkan mereka yang dijangkiti. Sebaik sahaja portal itu telah dipulihkan, Midna didedahkan sebagai penguasa sebenar Realm Twilight, yang ditangkap oleh Zant ketika dia mengutuknya ke dalam bentuknya sekarang. Menghadapi Zant, Link dan Midna mengetahui bahwa rampasan Zant telah dimungkinkan apabila ia memeterai perjanjian dengan Ganondorf, yang meminta bantuan Zant dalam menaklukkan Hyrule. Setelah Link mengalahkan Zant, Midna pulih Shadows Fused, tetapi memusnahkan Zant setelah mengetahui bahawa kematian Ganondorf hanya dapat melepaskannya dari kutukannya. Kembali ke Hyrule, Link dan Midna mencari Ganondorf di Istana Hyrule, dengan Zelda yang tidak bermaya digantung di atas kepalanya. Perkelahian Ganondorf dengan memiliki tubuh Zelda dan akhirnya berubah menjadi binatang, tetapi Link mengalahkannya dan Midna mampu menghidupkan semula Zelda. <> Apa yang diperoleh Link yang memberi dia kawalan ke atas transformasinya? || Shadow Crystal <> Di manakah Midna mengambil Pautan selepas dia memperoleh Master Sword? || Mirror of Twilight <> Siapa Mirror of Twilight yang digunakan untuk melawan sebelum Zant? || Ganondorf <> Dimana Ganondorf terletak selepas kekalahan Zant? || Hyrule Castle <> Badan mana yang digunakan sebagai proksi oleh Ganondorf untuk melawan Pautan? || Zelda's <> Apa yang membolehkan Pautan untuk beralih antara dua bentuknya? || Crystal Shadow <> Apa satu-satunya pintu masuk yang diketahui antara Twilight Realm & Hyrule? || Gurun Gerudo <> Siapa yang diturunkan sebagai penguasa Real Real Twilight? || Midna <> Siapa yang Zant membentuk perjanjian dengan? || Ganondorf <> Apakah Ganondorf berubah menjadi? || binatang <> Apa yang diperoleh Link yang memberi dia kawalan ke atas Hyrule? || <> Di mana Midna mengambil Pautan selepas dia memperoleh binatang? || <> Siapa Mirror of Twilight yang digunakan untuk melawan sebelum Shadows Fused? || <> Di mana Pautan terletak selepas kekalahan Zant? || <> Badan mana yang digunakan sebagai proksi oleh Pautan untuk melawan Ganondorf? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does Link obtain that gives him control over his transformations?", "id": "56cd942362d2951400fa673c", "answers": [{"text": "Shadow Crystal", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does Midna take Link after he acquires the Master Sword?", "id": "56cd942362d2951400fa673d", "answers": [{"text": "Mirror of Twilight", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Mirror of Twilight used to fight prior to Zant?", "id": "56cd942362d2951400fa673e", "answers": [{"text": "Ganondorf", "answer_start": 620}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Ganondorf located after Zant's defeat?", "id": "56cd942362d2951400fa673f", "answers": [{"text": "Hyrule Castle", "answer_start": 1432}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose body is used as a proxy by Ganondorf in order to fight Link?", "id": "56cd942362d2951400fa6740", "answers": [{"text": "Zelda's", "answer_start": 1531}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What allows Link to switch between his two forms?", "id": "56d12adf17492d1400aabb28", "answers": [{"text": "Shadow Crystal", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the only known gateway between Twilight Realm & Hyrule?", "id": "56d12adf17492d1400aabb29", "answers": [{"text": "Gerudo Desert", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is revealed as the true ruler of Twilight Realm?", "id": "56d12adf17492d1400aabb2a", "answers": [{"text": "Midna", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Zant form a pact with?", "id": "56d12adf17492d1400aabb2b", "answers": [{"text": "Ganondorf", "answer_start": 620}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Ganondorf transform into?", "id": "56d12adf17492d1400aabb2c", "answers": [{"text": "beast", "answer_start": 1582}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Shadow Crystal", "answer_start": 104}], "question": "What does Link obtain that gives him control over Hyrule?", "id": "5a8d9f46df8bba001a0f9b29", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mirror of Twilight", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "Where does Midna take Link after he acquires a beast?", "id": "5a8d9f46df8bba001a0f9b2a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ganondorf", "answer_start": 620}], "question": "Who was the Mirror of Twilight used to fight prior to the Fused Shadows?", "id": "5a8d9f46df8bba001a0f9b2b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hyrule Castle", "answer_start": 1432}], "question": "Where is Link located after Zant's defeat?", "id": "5a8d9f46df8bba001a0f9b2c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zelda's", "answer_start": 1531}], "question": "Whose body is used as a proxy by Link in order to fight Ganondorf?", "id": "5a8d9f46df8bba001a0f9b2d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "After gaining the Master Sword, Link is cleansed of the magic that kept him in wolf form, obtaining the Shadow Crystal. Now able to use it to switch between both forms at will, Link is led by Midna to the Mirror of Twilight located deep within the Gerudo Desert, the only known gateway between the Twilight Realm and Hyrule. However, they discover that the mirror is broken. The Sages there explain that Zant tried to destroy it, but he was only able to shatter it into fragments; only the true ruler of the Twili can completely destroy the Mirror of Twilight. They also reveal that they used it a century ago to banish Ganondorf, the Gerudo leader who attempted to steal the Triforce, to the Twilight Realm when executing him failed. Assisted by an underground resistance group they meet in Castle Town, Link and Midna set out to retrieve the missing shards of the Mirror, defeating those they infected. Once the portal has been restored, Midna is revealed to be the true ruler of the Twilight Realm, usurped by Zant when he cursed her into her current form. Confronting Zant, Link and Midna learn that Zant's coup was made possible when he forged a pact with Ganondorf, who asked for Zant's assistance in conquering Hyrule. After Link defeats Zant, Midna recovers the Fused Shadows, but destroys Zant after learning that only Ganondorf's death can release her from her curse. Returning to Hyrule, Link and Midna find Ganondorf in Hyrule Castle, with a lifeless Zelda suspended above his head. Ganondorf fights Link by possessing Zelda's body and eventually by transforming into a beast, but Link defeats him and Midna is able to resurrect Zelda."}], ["CD yang mengandungi 20 pilihan muzik dari permainan ini tersedia sebagai bonus preorder GameStop di Amerika Syarikat; ia termasuk dalam semua berkas di Jepun, Eropah, dan Australia. Apa yang syarikat termasuk soundtrack sebagai ganjaran untuk memerintahkan permainan sebelum dibebaskan? || GameStop <> Berapa banyak lagu yang direkodkan pada CD preorder? || 20 <> Dalam apa bidang kandungan CD bonus GameStop yang disediakan untuk semua versi permainan? || Jepun, Eropah, dan Australia <> Apa yang dimasukkan sebagai item preorder Gamestop? || CD <> Syarikat apa yang menyertakan soundtrack sebagai ganjaran untuk memesan CD sebelum dibebaskan? || <> Berapa banyak trek yang direkodkan pada CD pesanan pos? || <> Dalam bidang apa kandungan bonus SC GameStop yang disediakan untuk semua versi CD? || <> Apa yang dimasukkan sebagai item pesanan pos Gamestop? || <> Apa yang termasuk dalam semua pilihan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What company included the soundtrack as a reward for ordering the game prior to release?", "id": "56cda64a62d2951400fa67be", "answers": [{"text": "GameStop", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many tracks were recorded on the preorder CD?", "id": "56cda64a62d2951400fa67bf", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what areas is the content of the GameStop bonus CD provided for all versions of the game?", "id": "56cda64a62d2951400fa67c0", "answers": [{"text": "Japan, Europe, and Australia", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was included as a Gamestop preorder item?", "id": "56d13400e7d4791d00901fdd", "answers": [{"text": "CD", "answer_start": 2}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "GameStop", "answer_start": 71}], "question": "What company included the soundtrack as a reward for ordering the CD prior to release?", "id": "5a8dbd49df8bba001a0f9bb5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 16}], "question": "How many tracks were recorded on the post order CD?", "id": "5a8dbd49df8bba001a0f9bb6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Japan, Europe, and Australia", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "In what areas is the content of the GameStop bonus SC provided for all versions of the CD?", "id": "5a8dbd49df8bba001a0f9bb7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CD", "answer_start": 2}], "question": "What was included as a Gamestop post order item?", "id": "5a8dbd49df8bba001a0f9bb8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CD", "answer_start": 2}], "question": "What is included in all selections?", "id": "5a8dbd49df8bba001a0f9bb9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A CD containing 20 musical selections from the game was available as a GameStop preorder bonus in the United States; it is included in all bundles in Japan, Europe, and Australia.[citation needed]"}], ["Berikutan penemuan kelemahan penampan limpahan dalam versi Wii Twilight Princess, eksploitasi yang dikenali sebagai \"Twilight Hack\" telah dibangunkan, yang membolehkan pelaksanaan kod tersuai daripada kad Secure Digital (SD) pada konsol. Fail simpan yang direka dengan baik akan menyebabkan permainan memuatkan kod tidak ditandatangani, yang boleh merangkumi program Executable dan Linkable Format (ELF) dan aplikasi Wii homebrew. Versi 3.3 dan 3.4 Menu Wii menghalang menyalin mengeksploit menyimpan fail ke konsol sehingga kaedah pencegah ditemui, dan versi 4.0 Menu Wii menambal kelemahan. <> Jenis kesalahan apa yang terdapat di Twilight Princess untuk Wii? || buffer overflow vulnerability <> Apa yang ELF berdiri? || Format Eksekusi dan Boleh Diniagakan <> Yang isu Menu Wii membetulkan isu dengan Twilight Princess? || 4.0 <> Apa nama hack yang ditemui? || Twilight Hack <> Apa versi Menu Wii yang menghalang menyalin fail yang dieksploitasi? || 3.3 dan 3.4 <> Versi apa yang Wii menampal kerentanan hack? || 4.0 <> Apakah kesilapan apa yang terdapat di Twilight Princess untuk SD? || <> Apa artinya Wii? || <> Yang isu Menu Wii membetulkan isu dengan Menu Wii? || <> Apakah nama konsol diketahui? || <> Versi ELF apa yang disentuh oleh kerentanan hack? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of error was found in Twilight Princess for Wii?", "id": "56cda4aa62d2951400fa67a4", "answers": [{"text": "buffer overflow vulnerability", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does ELF stand for?", "id": "56cda4aa62d2951400fa67a6", "answers": [{"text": "Executable and Linkable Format", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which issue of the Wii Menu fixed the issue with Twilight Princess?", "id": "56cda4aa62d2951400fa67a7", "answers": [{"text": "4.0", "answer_start": 562}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the hack discovered?", "id": "56d132b717492d1400aabc08", "answers": [{"text": "Twilight Hack", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What versions of the Wii Menu prevented copying the exploited files?", "id": "56d132b717492d1400aabc09", "answers": [{"text": "3.3 and 3.4", "answer_start": 421}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What version of the Wii patched the hack vulnerability?", "id": "56d132b717492d1400aabc0a", "answers": [{"text": "4.0", "answer_start": 562}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "buffer overflow vulnerability", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "What kind of error was found in Twilight Princess for SD?", "id": "5a8db6e3df8bba001a0f9b97", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Executable and Linkable Format", "answer_start": 335}], "question": "What does Wii mean?", "id": "5a8db6e3df8bba001a0f9b98", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "4.0", "answer_start": 562}], "question": "Which issue of the Wii Menu fixed the issue with the Wii Menu?", "id": "5a8db6e3df8bba001a0f9b99", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Twilight Hack", "answer_start": 125}], "question": "What was the name of the console discovered?", "id": "5a8db6e3df8bba001a0f9b9a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "4.0", "answer_start": 562}], "question": "What version of ELF patched the hack vulnerability?", "id": "5a8db6e3df8bba001a0f9b9b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Following the discovery of a buffer overflow vulnerability in the Wii version of Twilight Princess, an exploit known as the \"Twilight Hack\" was developed, allowing the execution of custom code from a Secure Digital (SD) card on the console. A properly designed save file would cause the game to load unsigned code, which could include Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) programs and homebrew Wii applications. Versions 3.3 and 3.4 of the Wii Menu prevented copying exploited save files onto the console until circumvention methods were discovered, and version 4.0 of the Wii Menu patched the vulnerability."}], ["Penggubah definisi tinggi permainan, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD, sedang dibangunkan oleh Tantalus Media untuk Wii U. Secara rasmi diumumkan semasa persembahan Nintendo Direct pada 12 November 2015, ia mempunyai grafik yang dipertingkatkan dan fungsi Amiibo. Permainan ini akan dikeluarkan di Amerika Utara dan Eropah pada 4 Mac 2016; di Australia pada 5 Mac 2016; dan di Jepun pada 10 Mac 2016. <> Syarikat mana yang bertanggungjawab untuk versi HD Twilight Princess? || Tantalus Media <> Untuk konsol mana yang Twilight Princess HD dibuat? || Wii U <> Apabila rancangan untuk Twilight Princess HD diturunkan? || 12 November 2015 <> Pada tarikh apakah Twilight Princess HD dijadualkan untuk pelepasan Australia? || 5 Mac 2016 <> Apakah nama permainan remastered? || The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD <> Apa syarikat sedang membangunkan remaster? || Tantalus Media <> Fungsi apa jenis yang akan menjadi ciri remaster? || Amiibo <> Bilakah permainan akan dikeluarkan di Amerika? || 4 Mac 2016 <> Syarikat mana yang bertanggungjawab untuk versi HD Nintendo Direct? || <> Untuk konsol yang Nintendo Direct dibuat? || <> Pada tarikh apakah Nintendo Direct dijadualkan untuk pembebasan Eropah? || <> Bilakah rancangan untuk diturunkan Nintendo Direct? || <> Apakah nama Amiibo yang telah diperbaiki? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which company is responsible for the HD version of Twilight Princess?", "id": "56cda50b62d2951400fa67ac", "answers": [{"text": "Tantalus Media", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For which console is Twilight Princess HD being made?", "id": "56cda50b62d2951400fa67ad", "answers": [{"text": "Wii U", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were plans for Twilight Princess HD revealed?", "id": "56cda50b62d2951400fa67ae", "answers": [{"text": "November 12, 2015", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date is Twilight Princess HD scheduled for Australian release?", "id": "56cda50b62d2951400fa67af", "answers": [{"text": "March 5, 2016", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the remastered game?", "id": "56d1335f17492d1400aabc14", "answers": [{"text": "The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company is developing the remaster?", "id": "56d1335f17492d1400aabc15", "answers": [{"text": "Tantalus Media", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of functionality will the remaster feature?", "id": "56d1335f17492d1400aabc16", "answers": [{"text": "Amiibo", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When will the game be released in America?", "id": "56d1335f17492d1400aabc17", "answers": [{"text": "March 4, 2016", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tantalus Media", "answer_start": 105}], "question": "Which company is responsible for the HD version of Nintendo Direct?", "id": "5a8db847df8bba001a0f9ba1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wii U", "answer_start": 128}], "question": "For which console is Nintendo Direct being made?", "id": "5a8db847df8bba001a0f9ba2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "March 5, 2016", "answer_start": 360}], "question": "On what date is Nintendo Direct scheduled for European release?", "id": "5a8db847df8bba001a0f9ba3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "November 12, 2015", "answer_start": 197}], "question": "When were plans for Nintendo Direct revealed?", "id": "5a8db847df8bba001a0f9ba4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "What is the name of the remastered Amiibo?", "id": "5a8db847df8bba001a0f9ba5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A high-definition remaster of the game, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD, is being developed by Tantalus Media for the Wii U. Officially announced during a Nintendo Direct presentation on November 12, 2015, it features enhanced graphics and Amiibo functionality. The game will be released in North America and Europe on March 4, 2016; in Australia on March 5, 2016; and in Japan on March 10, 2016."}], ["Twilight Princess telah dilancarkan kepada pujian kritis universal dan kejayaan komersil. Ia mendapat markah yang sempurna dari penerbitan utama seperti 1UP.com, Komputer dan Permainan Video, Bulanan Elektronik Gaming, Game Informer, GamesRadar, dan GameSpy. Pada agregat peninjauan GameRankings dan Metacritic, Twilight Princess mempunyai skor purata 95% dan 95 untuk versi Wii dan skor 95% dan 96 untuk versi GameCube. GameTrailers dalam tinjauan mereka menyebutnya salah satu permainan terbesar yang pernah dibuat. <> Skor macam apakah yang diterima oleh Twilight Princess dari banyak sumber semakan permainan video? || sempurna <> Situs mana yang memberikan salinan Wii dari Twilight Princess sebanyak 95% dan 95? || GameRankings dan Metacritic <> Siapa yang mengira permainan antara yang terbaik yang pernah dibuat? || GameTrailers <> Apakah penerimaan Twilight Princess? || pujian kritis sejagat <> Apa skor yang diterima daripada penerbitan permainan utama? || sempurna <> Apakah skor purata Twilight Princess on Metacritic? || 95 <> Apa pengulas dipanggil Twilight Princess \"Salah satu permainan terbesar yang pernah dicipta\"? || GameTrailers <> Apa jenis skor yang diterima oleh GameTrailers dari banyak sumber semakan permainan video? || <> Situs mana yang memberi Wii salinan skor GameTrailer sebanyak 97% dan 95? || <> Siapa yang menghitung Gamespy antara yang terbaik yang pernah dibuat? || <> Apakah penerimaan GameTrailers? || <> Skor apa yang diterima oleh GameTrailers daripada penerbitan permainan utama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of scores did Twilight Princess receive from many video game review sources?", "id": "56cda75062d2951400fa67c4", "answers": [{"text": "perfect", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which sites gave the Wii copy of Twilight Princess scores of 95% and 95?", "id": "56cda75062d2951400fa67c5", "answers": [{"text": "GameRankings and Metacritic", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who counted the game among the best ever made?", "id": "56cda75062d2951400fa67c6", "answers": [{"text": "GameTrailers", "answer_start": 423}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the reception of Twilight Princess?", "id": "56d13482e7d4791d00901fef", "answers": [{"text": "universal critical acclaim", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What scores did it receive from major game publications?", "id": "56d13482e7d4791d00901ff0", "answers": [{"text": "perfect", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average score of Twilight Princess on Metacritic?", "id": "56d13482e7d4791d00901ff1", "answers": [{"text": "95", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What reviewer called Twilight Princess \"One of the greatest games ever created\"?", "id": "56d13482e7d4791d00901ff2", "answers": [{"text": "GameTrailers", "answer_start": 423}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "perfect", "answer_start": 97}], "question": "What kind of scores did GameTrailers receive from many video game review sources?", "id": "5a8dbfa2df8bba001a0f9bbf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "GameRankings and Metacritic", "answer_start": 272}], "question": "Which sites gave the Wii copy of GameTrailers scores of 97% and 95?", "id": "5a8dbfa2df8bba001a0f9bc0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "GameTrailers", "answer_start": 423}], "question": "Who counted Gamespy among the best ever made?", "id": "5a8dbfa2df8bba001a0f9bc1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "universal critical acclaim", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "What was the reception of GameTrailers?", "id": "5a8dbfa2df8bba001a0f9bc2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "perfect", "answer_start": 97}], "question": "What scores did GameTrailers receive from major game publications?", "id": "5a8dbfa2df8bba001a0f9bc3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Twilight Princess was released to universal critical acclaim and commercial success. It received perfect scores from major publications such as 1UP.com, Computer and Video Games, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, GamesRadar, and GameSpy. On the review aggregators GameRankings and Metacritic, Twilight Princess has average scores of 95% and 95 for the Wii version and scores of 95% and 96 for the GameCube version. GameTrailers in their review called it one of the greatest games ever created."}], ["Skor permainan ini disusun oleh Toru Minegishi dan Asuka Ohta, dengan siri reguler Koji Kondo berkhidmat sebagai penyelia bunyi. Minegishi mengambil alih komposisi dan reka bentuk bunyi di Twilight Princess, yang menyediakan semua bidang dan muzik penjara di bawah pengawasan Kondo. Bagi treler, tiga keping ditulis oleh komposer yang berbeza, dua daripadanya dicipta oleh Mahito Yokota dan Kondo. Michiru \u014cshima mencipta susunan orkestra untuk ketiga-tiga komposisi, kemudiannya dilakukan oleh ensemble yang dilakukan oleh Yasuzo Takemoto. Sekeping Kondo kemudiannya dipilih sebagai muzik untuk treler E3 2005 dan untuk filem demo selepas skrin tajuk permainan. <> Siapa yang menulis muzik untuk Twilight Princess? || Toru Minegishi dan Asuka Ohta <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab mengawasi pengeluaran audio? || Koji Kondo <> Siapa yang bekerja menyesuaikan skor untuk persembahan oleh orkestra? || Michiru \u014cshima <> Siapa yang menulis muzik yang digunakan dalam treler dan demo permainan? || Koji Kondo <> Siapa yang membuat perkiraan orkestra untuk permainan? || Michiru \u014cshima <> Siapa yang akan melaksanakan kumpulan yang akan melakukan kepingan itu? || Yasuzo Takemoto <> Siapa yang menulis muzik untuk Twilight Kondo? || <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab menyelia pengeluaran treler? || <> Siapa yang bekerja menyesuaikan skor untuk prestasi oleh skrin tajuk permainan? || <> Siapa yang menulis muzik yang digunakan dalam treler permainan dan skrin tajuk? || <> Siapa yang akan menjalankan ensemble yang akan mengawasi skrin tajuk? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who wrote the music for Twilight Princess?", "id": "56cda10262d2951400fa6792", "answers": [{"text": "Toru Minegishi and Asuka Ohta", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was in charge of overseeing audio production?", "id": "56cda10262d2951400fa6793", "answers": [{"text": "Koji Kondo", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who worked adapting the score for performance by an orchestra?", "id": "56cda10262d2951400fa6794", "answers": [{"text": "Michiru \u014cshima", "answer_start": 396}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the music used in the game's trailer and demo?", "id": "56cda10262d2951400fa6795", "answers": [{"text": "Koji Kondo", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created orchestral arrangements for the game?", "id": "56d131c217492d1400aabbdb", "answers": [{"text": "Michiru \u014cshima", "answer_start": 396}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was to conduct the ensemble that would perform the pieces?", "id": "56d131c217492d1400aabbdc", "answers": [{"text": "Yasuzo Takemoto", "answer_start": 521}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Toru Minegishi and Asuka Ohta", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "Who wrote the music for Twilight Kondo?", "id": "5a8db41fdf8bba001a0f9b83", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Koji Kondo", "answer_start": 84}], "question": "Who was in charge of overseeing trailer production?", "id": "5a8db41fdf8bba001a0f9b84", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Michiru \u014cshima", "answer_start": 396}], "question": "Who worked adapting the score for performance by the game's title screen?", "id": "5a8db41fdf8bba001a0f9b85", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Koji Kondo", "answer_start": 84}], "question": "Who wrote the music used in the games trailer and title screen?", "id": "5a8db41fdf8bba001a0f9b86", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Yasuzo Takemoto", "answer_start": 521}], "question": "Who was to conduct the ensemble that would supervise the title screen?", "id": "5a8db41fdf8bba001a0f9b87", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The game's score was composed by Toru Minegishi and Asuka Ohta, with series regular Koji Kondo serving as the sound supervisor. Minegishi took charge of composition and sound design in Twilight Princess, providing all field and dungeon music under the supervision of Kondo. For the trailers, three pieces were written by different composers, two of which were created by Mahito Yokota and Kondo. Michiru \u014cshima created orchestral arrangements for the three compositions, later to be performed by an ensemble conducted by Yasuzo Takemoto. Kondo's piece was later chosen as music for the E3 2005 trailer and for the demo movie after the game's title screen."}], ["Bundelan khas permainan ini mengandungi pita Wolf Link Amiibo, yang membuka ruang bawah tanah Wii U-eksklusif yang dikenali sebagai \"Gua Shadows\" dan boleh membawa data ke dalam permainan 2016 Zelda yang akan datang. Patung Amiibo yang berkaitan dengan Zelda lain mempunyai fungsi yang berbeza: Pautan Pautan dan Toon menambah anak panah, Zelda dan Sheik memulihkan kesihatan Link, dan Ganondorf menyebabkan Pautan mengambil dua kali lebih banyak kerosakan. <> Apa item istimewa disertakan dengan versi tertentu dari Twilight Princess HD? || Wolf Link Amiibo figurine <> Yang dua angka Amiibo memuatkan kembali anak panah Pautan? || Pautan dan Pautan Link <> Yang mana dua tokoh Amiibo menyembuhkan Pautan? || Zelda dan Sheik <> Yang angka Amiibo membuat Pautan kehilangan lebih banyak kesihatan apabila diserang? || Ganondorf <> Apakah nama kawasan yang pemain boleh mengakses Wolf Link Amiibo? || Gua Shadows <> Apa yang akan mengandungi berkas khas permainan? || Wolf Link Amiibo <> Apakah peringkat yang dipanggil Amiibo khas akan dibuka? || Gua Shadows <> Watak apa yang akan dapat menambah anak panah? || Link dan Toon <> Apa angka memulihkan kesihatan? || Zelda dan Sheik <> Apakah item istimewa yang disertakan dengan versi Sheik tertentu? || <> Yang mana dua tokoh Amiibo memuat semula anak panah Zelda? || <> Yang mana dua tokoh Amiibo menyembuhkan Zelda? || <> Yang angka Amiibo menjadikan Zelda kalah lebih banyak kesihatan apabila diserang? || <> Apakah nama kawasan yang boleh diakses oleh pemain dengan Sheik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What special item is included with certain versions of Twilight Princess HD?", "id": "56cda5a862d2951400fa67b4", "answers": [{"text": "Wolf Link Amiibo figurine", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two Amiibo figures reload Link's stock of arrows?", "id": "56cda5a862d2951400fa67b5", "answers": [{"text": "Link and Toon Link", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two Amiibo figures heal Link?", "id": "56cda5a862d2951400fa67b6", "answers": [{"text": "Zelda and Sheik", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Amiibo figure makes Link lose more health when attacked?", "id": "56cda5a862d2951400fa67b7", "answers": [{"text": "Ganondorf", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the area that players with the Wolf Link Amiibo can access?", "id": "56cda5a862d2951400fa67b8", "answers": [{"text": "Cave of Shadows", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What will special bundles of the game contain?", "id": "56d133d017492d1400aabc20", "answers": [{"text": "Wolf Link Amiibo", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the level called that the special Amiibo will unlock?", "id": "56d133d017492d1400aabc21", "answers": [{"text": "Cave of Shadows", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What characters will be able to replenish arrows?", "id": "56d133d017492d1400aabc22", "answers": [{"text": "Link and Toon", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What figures restore health?", "id": "56d133d017492d1400aabc23", "answers": [{"text": "Zelda and Sheik", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wolf Link Amiibo figurine", "answer_start": 38}], "question": "What special item is included with certain versions of Sheik?", "id": "5a8db90bdf8bba001a0f9bab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Link and Toon Link", "answer_start": 253}], "question": "Which two Amiibo figures reload Zelda's stock of arrows?", "id": "5a8db90bdf8bba001a0f9bac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zelda and Sheik", "answer_start": 290}], "question": "Which two Amiibo figures heal Zelda?", "id": "5a8db90bdf8bba001a0f9bad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ganondorf", "answer_start": 333}], "question": "Which Amiibo figure makes Zelda loser more health when attacked?", "id": "5a8db90bdf8bba001a0f9bae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cave of Shadows", "answer_start": 117}], "question": "What is the name of the area that players with the Sheik can access?", "id": "5a8db90bdf8bba001a0f9baf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Special bundles of the game contain a Wolf Link Amiibo figurine, which unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon called the \"Cave of Shadows\" and can carry data over to the upcoming 2016 Zelda game. Other Zelda-related Amiibo figurines have distinct functions: Link and Toon Link replenish arrows, Zelda and Sheik restore Link's health, and Ganondorf causes Link to take twice as much damage."}], ["Twilight Princess menerima anugerah Rekaan Artistik Terbaik, Skor Asal Terbaik, dan Penggunaan Terbaik Suara daripada IGN untuk versi GameCube. Kedua-dua IGN dan Nintendo Power memberikan Twilight Princess sebagai anugerah untuk Best Graphics and Best Story. Twilight Princess menerima anugerah Game of the Year dari GameTrailers, 1UP.com, Monthly Gaming Elektronik, Game Informer, Radar Permainan, GameSpy, Anugerah Spacey, X-Play dan Nintendo Power. Ia juga diberikan anugerah untuk Best Adventure Game dari Anugerah Pengkritik Permainan, X-Play, IGN, GameTrailer, 1UP.com, dan Nintendo Power. Permainan ini dianggap Permainan Konsol Terbaik oleh Anugerah Pengkritik Permainan dan GameSpy. Permainan ini diletakkan ke 16 dalam senarai Nintendo Majalah Rasmi daripada 100 Nintendo Games of All Time Terbesar. IGN menduduki tempat permainan sebagai permainan Wii ke-4 terbaik. Nintendo Power menduduki tempat permainan sebagai permainan ketiga terbaik yang akan dikeluarkan pada sistem Nintendo pada dekad 2000an. <> Versi Twilight Princess untuk konsol yang memenangi tiga anugerah IGN? || GameCube <> Apakah kedudukan Twilight Princess di kalangan semua permainan Nintendo mengikut Nintendo Magazine? || Ke-16 <> Di manakah tempat Twilight Princess di kalangan tajuk Wii mengikut IGN? || Keempat <> Di manakah kedudukan Twilight Princess pada senarai permainan Nintendo Power Nintendo pada tahun 2000? || ketiga <> Apa 2 pengkritik memberikan penghargaan Twilight Princess untuk Best Graphics and Best Story? || IGN dan Nintendo Power <> Anugerah apa Anugerah Pengkritik Permainan dan GameSpy memberikan Twilight Princess? || Permainan Konsol Terbaik <> Tempat mana yang dilakukan permainan dalam senarai rasmi Nintendo 100 Permainan Nintendo Terbesar Sepanjang Masa? || 16th <> Apa tempat IGN memberi permainan pada konsol Wii? || Keempat <> Apakah pangkat Radar Permainan di kalangan semua permainan Nintendo menurut Nintendo Magazine? || <> Di manakah tempat Twilight Princess di antara tajuk Nintendo Power mengikut IGN? || <> Di manakah kedudukan Twilight Princess pada senarai permainan Nintendo Radar Permainan di tahun 2000an? || <> Apa 2 pengkritik memberi Anugerah Radar Permainan untuk Best Graphics and Best Story? || <> Anugerah apa Anugerah Radar Permainan dan GameSpy memberikan Twilight Princess? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The version of Twilight Princess fo which console won three IGN awards?", "id": "56cda8a662d2951400fa67d4", "answers": [{"text": "GameCube", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Twilight Princess's rank among all Nintendo games according to Nintendo Magazine?", "id": "56cda8a662d2951400fa67d5", "answers": [{"text": "16th", "answer_start": 660}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Twilight Princess place among Wii titles according to IGN?", "id": "56cda8a662d2951400fa67d6", "answers": [{"text": "4th", "answer_start": 777}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Twilight Princess rank on Nintendo Power's list of Nintendo games in the 2000s?", "id": "56cda8a662d2951400fa67d7", "answers": [{"text": "third", "answer_start": 834}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What 2 critics gave Twilight Princess awards for Best Graphics and Best Story?", "id": "56d135e0e7d4791d00902015", "answers": [{"text": "IGN and Nintendo Power", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What award did Game Critics Awards and GameSpy give Twilight Princess?", "id": "56d135e0e7d4791d00902016", "answers": [{"text": "Best Console Game", "answer_start": 586}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What place did the game take in Nintendo's Official list of 100 Greatest Nintendo Games of All Time?", "id": "56d135e0e7d4791d00902017", "answers": [{"text": "16th", "answer_start": 660}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What place did IGN give the game on the Wii console?", "id": "56d135e0e7d4791d00902018", "answers": [{"text": "4th", "answer_start": 777}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "16th", "answer_start": 660}], "question": "What was Game Radar's rank among all Nintendo games according to Nintendo Magazine?", "id": "5a8dc231df8bba001a0f9bd3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "4th", "answer_start": 777}], "question": "Where did Twilight Princess place among Nintendo Power titles according to IGN?", "id": "5a8dc231df8bba001a0f9bd4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "third", "answer_start": 834}], "question": "Where did Twilight Princess rank on Game Radar's list of Nintendo games in the 2000s?", "id": "5a8dc231df8bba001a0f9bd5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "IGN and Nintendo Power", "answer_start": 147}], "question": "What 2 critics gave Game Radar awards for Best Graphics and Best Story?", "id": "5a8dc231df8bba001a0f9bd6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Best Console Game", "answer_start": 586}], "question": "What award did Game Radars Awards and GameSpy give Twilight Princess?", "id": "5a8dc231df8bba001a0f9bd7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Twilight Princess received the awards for Best Artistic Design, Best Original Score, and Best Use of Sound from IGN for its GameCube version. Both IGN and Nintendo Power gave Twilight Princess the awards for Best Graphics and Best Story. Twilight Princess received Game of the Year awards from GameTrailers, 1UP.com, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, Games Radar, GameSpy, Spacey Awards, X-Play and Nintendo Power. It was also given awards for Best Adventure Game from the Game Critics Awards, X-Play, IGN, GameTrailers, 1UP.com, and Nintendo Power. The game was considered the Best Console Game by the Game Critics Awards and GameSpy. The game placed 16th in Official Nintendo Magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Nintendo Games of All Time. IGN ranked the game as the 4th-best Wii game. Nintendo Power ranked the game as the third-best game to be released on a Nintendo system in the 2000s decade."}], ["Permintaan media di pameran perdagangan mendorong Kondo untuk mempertimbangkan menggunakan muzik orkestra untuk trek lain dalam permainan juga, tanggapan diperkuat oleh keutamaannya untuk instrumen hidup. Dia pada awalnya membayangkan orkestra 50-orang penuh untuk urutan tindakan dan kuartet rentetan untuk lebih banyak \"detik-detik liris\", walaupun produk akhir menggunakan muzik berurutan. Kondo kemudiannya memetik kekurangan interaktiviti yang datang dengan muzik orkestra sebagai salah satu sebab utama keputusan itu. Kedua-dua versi lagu-lagu enam dan tujuh lagu ini dikeluarkan pada 19 November 2006, sebagai sebahagian daripada promosi Nintendo Power dan digabungkan dengan replika Master Sword dan Hylian Shield. <> Apa jenis instrumen yang disukai oleh Kondo? || hidup <> Berapa banyak orang yang berada dalam orkestra Kondo yang dibayangkan menggunakan untuk soundtrack? || 50 <> Bilakah lagu Twilight Princess disediakan? || 19 November 2006 <> Penerbitan mana yang berkaitan dengan pelepasan soundtrack? || Nintendo Power <> Siapa yang membuat permintaan untuk Kondo menggunakan muzik orkestra sepanjang permainan? || Media <> Bilakah versi trek dari sountrack permainan dikeluarkan? || 19 November 2006 <> Apakah replika Master Sword dan Hylian Shield dibundel dengan? || soundtrack <> Apa jenis instrumen yang disukai oleh Hylian? || <> Berapa banyak orang yang berada dalam orkestra Hylian membayangkan menggunakan untuk soundtrack? || <> Bilakah lagu Hylian dibuat? || <> Penerbitan mana yang berkaitan dengan permintaan media? || <> Apakah replika permintaan media yang dibundel? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of instruments are favored by Kondo?", "id": "56cda41362d2951400fa679a", "answers": [{"text": "live", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people would be in the orchestra Kondo imagined using for the soundtrack?", "id": "56cda41362d2951400fa679b", "answers": [{"text": "50", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the soundtrack of Twilight Princess made available?", "id": "56cda41362d2951400fa679c", "answers": [{"text": "November 19, 2006", "answer_start": 561}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which publication was associated with the soundtrack release?", "id": "56cda41362d2951400fa679e", "answers": [{"text": "Nintendo Power", "answer_start": 593}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who made the requests for Kondo to use orchestral music throughout the game?", "id": "56d1324717492d1400aabbfa", "answers": [{"text": "Media", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were track versions of the game's sountrack released?", "id": "56d1324717492d1400aabbfb", "answers": [{"text": "November 19, 2006", "answer_start": 561}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were replicas of the Master Sword and Hylian Shield bundled with?", "id": "56d1324717492d1400aabbfc", "answers": [{"text": "soundtrack", "answer_start": 533}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "live", "answer_start": 167}], "question": "What kind of instruments are favored by Hylian?", "id": "5a8db51fdf8bba001a0f9b8d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "50", "answer_start": 217}], "question": "How many people would be in the orchestra Hylian imagined using for the soundtrack?", "id": "5a8db51fdf8bba001a0f9b8e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "November 19, 2006", "answer_start": 561}], "question": "When was the soundtrack of Hylian made available?", "id": "5a8db51fdf8bba001a0f9b8f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nintendo Power", "answer_start": 593}], "question": "Which publication was associated with the media requests?", "id": "5a8db51fdf8bba001a0f9b90", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "soundtrack", "answer_start": 533}], "question": "What were replicas of the media requests bundled with?", "id": "5a8db51fdf8bba001a0f9b91", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Media requests at the trade show prompted Kondo to consider using orchestral music for the other tracks in the game as well, a notion reinforced by his preference for live instruments. He originally envisioned a full 50-person orchestra for action sequences and a string quartet for more \"lyrical moments\", though the final product used sequenced music instead. Kondo later cited the lack of interactivity that comes with orchestral music as one of the main reasons for the decision. Both six- and seven-track versions of the game's soundtrack were released on November 19, 2006, as part of a Nintendo Power promotion and bundled with replicas of the Master Sword and the Hylian Shield."}], ["Ahli kakitangan Nintendo melaporkan bahawa pengguna demo mengadu tentang kesukaran skema kawalan. Aonuma menyedari bahawa pasukannya telah melaksanakan kawalan Wii di bawah minda pengguna \"memaksa\" untuk menyesuaikan diri, dan bukannya membuat sistem intuitif dan mudah digunakan. [Kembali ke atas] [q] Pergerakan kamera telah diolah semula dan kawalan item telah ditukar untuk mengelakkan menekan butang tidak sengaja. [R] Di samping itu, sistem item baru memerlukan penggunaan butang yang telah sebelum ini digunakan untuk pedang. Untuk menyelesaikannya, kawalan pedang dipindahkan ke gerak isyarat-sesuatu yang hadir oleh E3 telah mengulas bahawa mereka ingin melihatnya. Ini memperkenalkan masalah menggunakan ayunan tangan kanan untuk mengawal serangan pedang kiri. Pasukan itu tidak mempunyai masa yang cukup sebelum dibebaskan untuk mengulang semula model watak Pautan, jadi mereka sebaliknya membuang seluruh permainan-semuanya dibuat imej cermin. [S] Pautan kini adalah tangan kanan, dan rujukan kepada \"timur\" dan \"barat\" telah dihidupkan. Walau bagaimanapun, versi GameCube ditinggalkan dengan orientasi asal. Panduan pemain Twilight Princess berfokus pada versi Wii, tetapi mempunyai bahagian di belakang dengan peta cermin peta untuk pengguna GameCube. [T] <> Apa yang pengguna awal mendapati sukar digunakan tentang permainan? || skema kawalan <> Menggunakan item dalam permainan mengambil alih kawalan yang digunakan untuk senjata apa? || pedang <> Siapa yang mahu gerak isyarat dilaksanakan untuk kawalan pedang? || E3 attendees <> Apabila Twilight Princess akhirnya dibebaskan untuk Wii, di mana tangan Link memakai pedangnya? || betul <> Ciri-ciri apa yang dilakukan Aonuma untuk memperbaiki selepas aduan demo? || keselesaan dan kemudahan <> Apa yang dicari oleh pengguna awal mengenai penggunaan pedang? || <> Menggunakan ayunan kidal dalam permainan mengambil alih kawalan yang digunakan untuk senjata apa || <> Siapa yang mahu gerak isyarat dilaksanakan untuk kawalan tangan? || <> Apabila Twilight Princess akhirnya dibebaskan untuk Wii, di mana tangan Aonuma menggunakan pedangnya? || <> Ciri-ciri apa yang dilakukan oleh Aonuma untuk diperbaiki selepas aduan Miyamoto? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What did early users find hard to use about the game?", "id": "56cda06d62d2951400fa678a", "answers": [{"text": "control scheme", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Using items in the game took over the controls used for what weapon?", "id": "56cda06d62d2951400fa678b", "answers": [{"text": "sword", "answer_start": 546}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wanted gestures implemented for sword control?", "id": "56cda06d62d2951400fa678c", "answers": [{"text": "E3 attendees", "answer_start": 627}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When Twilight Princess was finally released for Wii, in what hand did Link wield his sword?", "id": "56cda06d62d2951400fa678d", "answers": [{"text": "right", "answer_start": 719}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What features did Aonuma work to improve after the demo complaints?", "id": "56d1314217492d1400aabbc9", "answers": [{"text": "comfort and ease", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "control scheme", "answer_start": 87}], "question": "What did early users find hard to use about the sword?", "id": "5a8db1e5df8bba001a0f9b79", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sword", "answer_start": 763}], "question": "Using a left-handed swing in the game took over the controls used for what weapon", "id": "5a8db1e5df8bba001a0f9b7a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sword", "answer_start": 546}], "question": "Who wanted gestures implemented for hand control?", "id": "5a8db1e5df8bba001a0f9b7b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "right", "answer_start": 719}], "question": "When Twilight Princess was finally released for Wii, in what hand did Aonuma wield his sword?", "id": "5a8db1e5df8bba001a0f9b7c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "comfort and ease", "answer_start": 324}], "question": "What features did Aonuma work to improve after Miyamoto's complaints?", "id": "5a8db1e5df8bba001a0f9b7d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Nintendo staff members reported that demo users complained about the difficulty of the control scheme. Aonuma realized that his team had implemented Wii controls under the mindset of \"forcing\" users to adapt, instead of making the system intuitive and easy to use. He began rethinking the controls with Miyamoto to focus on comfort and ease.[q] The camera movement was reworked and item controls were changed to avoid accidental button presses.[r] In addition, the new item system required use of the button that had previously been used for the sword. To solve this, sword controls were transferred back to gestures\u2014something E3 attendees had commented they would like to see. This reintroduced the problem of using a right-handed swing to control a left-handed sword attack. The team did not have enough time before release to rework Link's character model, so they instead flipped the entire game\u2014everything was made a mirror image.[s] Link was now right-handed, and references to \"east\" and \"west\" were switched around. The GameCube version, however, was left with the original orientation. The Twilight Princess player's guide focuses on the Wii version, but has a section in the back with mirror-image maps for GameCube users.[t]"}], ["Pada pelepasan, Twilight Princess dianggap sebagai permainan Zelda terbesar yang pernah dibuat oleh banyak pengkritik termasuk penulis untuk 1UP.com, Permainan Komputer dan Video, Bulanan Elektronik Gaming, Game Informer, GamesRadar, IGN dan The Washington Post. Game Informer memanggilnya \"begitu kreatif bahawa ia menyaingi yang terbaik yang ditawarkan oleh Hollywood\". GamesRadar memuji Twilight Princess sebagai \"permainan yang tidak layak tetapi cadangan tertinggi mutlak\". Cubed3 mengalu-alukan Twilight Princess sebagai \"pengalaman video permainan terbesar tunggal\". Grafik Twilight Princess dipuji untuk gaya seni dan animasi, walaupun permainan ini direka untuk GameCube, yang secara teknis kurang berbanding dengan konsol generasi berikutnya. Kedua-dua IGN dan GameSpy menunjuk kewujudan tekstur kabur dan aksara resolusi rendah. Walaupun aduan ini, Permainan Komputer dan Video merasakan suasana permainan lebih hebat daripada permainan Zelda sebelumnya, dan dianggap Twilight Princess's Hyrule sebagai versi terbaik yang pernah dibuat. PALGN memuji sinematik permainan, dengan menyatakan bahawa \"cutscenes adalah yang terbaik pernah dalam permainan Zelda\". Mengenai versi Wii, GameSpot Jeff Gerstmann berkata kawalan Wii merasakan \"tacked-on\", walaupun 1UP.com mengatakan serangan pedang berayun jauh adalah \"yang paling mengagumkan dalam keseluruhan siri\". Nexus Permainan menganggap soundtrack Twilight Princess menjadi yang terbaik dari generasi ini, walaupun IGN mengkritik lagu-lagu MIDI yang diformat kerana kekurangan \"punch dan crispness\" rakan-rakan mereka yang dirancang. Hyper Javier Glickman memuji permainan itu untuk \"pencarian yang sangat panjang, kawalan Wii yang luar biasa dan dapat menjimatkan bila-bila masa\". Walau bagaimanapun, beliau mengkritiknya kerana \"tidak ada suara yang bertindak, tiada skor orkestra dan grafik yang agak ketinggalan zaman\". <> Penerbitan mana yang melaporkan beberapa isu dengan grafik Twilight Princess? || IGN dan GameSpy <> Wartawan mana yang mengkritik versi Wii untuk kawalannya? || Jeff Gerstmann <> Penerbitan permainan mana yang dilakukan oleh Jeff Gerstmann? || GameSpot <> Wartawan permainan mana yang ditimbulkan oleh kurangnya dialog disuarakan? || Javier Glickman <> Penerbitan apa yang Javier Glickman menulis untuk? || Hyper <> Apa 2 pengkritik mencadangkan permainan mempunyai tekstur kabur dan resolusi rendah? || IGN dan GameSpy <> Apa kritikan yang dianggap CD sebagai yang terbaik dari generasi? || Pertandingan Nexus <> Siapa yang khusus memuji permainan untuk pencarian yang sangat panjang? || Javier Glickman <> Penerbitan mana yang melaporkan beberapa isu dengan grafik Gerstmann? || <> Yang mana wartawan mengkritik IGN untuk kawalannya? || <> Penerbitan mana yang dilakukan oleh Jeff Nexus? || <> Wartawan permainan mana yang diwarisi oleh kurangnya dialog senyap? || <> Penerbitan mana yang ditulis oleh Javier Nexus? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which publications reported some issues with the graphics of Twilight Princess?", "id": "56cda80362d2951400fa67ca", "answers": [{"text": "IGN and GameSpy", "answer_start": 723}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which journalist criticized the Wii version for its controls?", "id": "56cda80362d2951400fa67cb", "answers": [{"text": "Jeff Gerstmann", "answer_start": 1153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which game publication does Jeff Gerstmann work for?", "id": "56cda80362d2951400fa67cc", "answers": [{"text": "GameSpot", "answer_start": 1142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which game journalist was perturbed by a lack of voiced dialogue?", "id": "56cda80362d2951400fa67cd", "answers": [{"text": "Javier Glickman", "answer_start": 1532}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which publication does Javier Glickman write for?", "id": "56cda80362d2951400fa67ce", "answers": [{"text": "Hyper", "answer_start": 1524}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What 2 critics suggested the game had blurry textures and low resolution?", "id": "56d1352fe7d4791d00901ffd", "answers": [{"text": "IGN and GameSpy", "answer_start": 723}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What critic considered the CD to be the best of the generation?", "id": "56d1352fe7d4791d00901ffe", "answers": [{"text": "Gaming Nexus", "answer_start": 1313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who specifically commended the game for the very long quests?", "id": "56d1352fe7d4791d00901fff", "answers": [{"text": "Javier Glickman", "answer_start": 1532}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "IGN and GameSpy", "answer_start": 723}], "question": "Which publications reported some issues with the graphics of Gerstmann?", "id": "5a8dc135df8bba001a0f9bc9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Javier Glickman", "answer_start": 1532}], "question": "Which journalist criticized IGN for its controls?", "id": "5a8dc135df8bba001a0f9bca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "GameSpot", "answer_start": 1142}], "question": "Which publication does Jeff Nexus work for?", "id": "5a8dc135df8bba001a0f9bcb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Javier Glickman", "answer_start": 1532}], "question": "Which game journalist was preturbed by a lack of silent dialogue?", "id": "5a8dc135df8bba001a0f9bcc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hyper", "answer_start": 1524}], "question": "Which publication does Javier Nexus write for?", "id": "5a8dc135df8bba001a0f9bcd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On release, Twilight Princess was considered to be the greatest Zelda game ever made by many critics including writers for 1UP.com, Computer and Video Games, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, GamesRadar, IGN and The Washington Post. Game Informer called it \"so creative that it rivals the best that Hollywood has to offer\". GamesRadar praised Twilight Princess as \"a game that deserves nothing but the absolute highest recommendation\". Cubed3 hailed Twilight Princess as \"the single greatest videogame experience\". Twilight Princess's graphics were praised for the art style and animation, although the game was designed for the GameCube, which is technically lacking compared to the next generation consoles. Both IGN and GameSpy pointed out the existence of blurry textures and low-resolution characters. Despite these complaints, Computer and Video Games felt the game's atmosphere was superior to that of any previous Zelda game, and regarded Twilight Princess's Hyrule as the best version ever created. PALGN praised the game's cinematics, noting that \"the cutscenes are the best ever in Zelda games\". Regarding the Wii version, GameSpot's Jeff Gerstmann said the Wii controls felt \"tacked-on\", although 1UP.com said the remote-swinging sword attacks were \"the most impressive in the entire series\". Gaming Nexus considered Twilight Princess's soundtrack to be the best of this generation, though IGN criticized its MIDI-formatted songs for lacking \"the punch and crispness\" of their orchestrated counterparts. Hyper's Javier Glickman commended the game for its \"very long quests, superb Wii controls and being able to save anytime\". However, he criticised it for \"no voice acting, no orchestral score and slightly outdated graphics\"."}], ["Siri manga eksklusif Jepun berdasarkan Twilight Princess, ditulis dan digambarkan oleh Akira Himekawa, pertama kali dikeluarkan pada 8 Februari 2016. Siri ini hanya boleh didapati melalui aplikasi mudah alih Shogakukan MangaOne penerbit. Walaupun penyesuaian manga bermula hampir sepuluh tahun selepas pelepasan awal permainan di mana ia berasaskan, ia dilancarkan hanya sebulan sebelum pelepasan pembuatan semula tinggi. <> Siapa yang menulis dan menyediakan seni untuk siri buku komik Twilight Princess? || Akira Himekawa <> The manga Twilight Princess hanya tersedia di negara apa? || Jepun <> Siapa yang menerbitkan siri buku komik Twilight Princess? || Shogakukan <> Apa jenis peranti yang boleh mengakses manga Twilight Princess? || mobile <> Siapa yang menulis dan menyediakan definisi tinggi untuk siri buku komik Twilight Princess? || <> Permainan Twilight Princess hanya tersedia di negara apa? || <> Siapa yang menerbitkan siri buku komik definisi tinggi? || <> Apakah jenis peranti yang boleh mengakses manga definisi tinggi? || <> Kapan adalah manga definisi tinggi berdasarkan Twilight Princess yang pertama dibebaskan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who wrote and provided art for a Twilight Princess comic book series?", "id": "56cda9c462d2951400fa67e2", "answers": [{"text": "Akira Himekawa", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Twilight Princess manga was only available in what country?", "id": "56cda9c462d2951400fa67e3", "answers": [{"text": "Japan", "answer_start": 2}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who published the Twilight Princess comic book series?", "id": "56cda9c462d2951400fa67e4", "answers": [{"text": "Shogakukan", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of device can access the Twilight Princess manga?", "id": "56cda9c462d2951400fa67e5", "answers": [{"text": "mobile", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Akira Himekawa", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "Who wrote and provided high-definition for a Twilight Princess comic book series?", "id": "5a8dc46bdf8bba001a0f9be7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Japan", "answer_start": 2}], "question": "The Twilight Princess game was only available in what country?", "id": "5a8dc46bdf8bba001a0f9be8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Shogakukan", "answer_start": 186}], "question": "Who published the high-definition comic book series?", "id": "5a8dc46bdf8bba001a0f9be9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mobile", "answer_start": 208}], "question": "What kind of device can access the high-definition manga?", "id": "5a8dc46bdf8bba001a0f9bea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "February 8, 2016", "answer_start": 123}], "question": "When was a high-definition manga based on Twilight Princess first released?", "id": "5a8dc46bdf8bba001a0f9beb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A Japan-exclusive manga series based on Twilight Princess, penned and illustrated by Akira Himekawa, was first released on February 8, 2016. The series is available solely via publisher Shogakukan's MangaOne mobile application. While the manga adaptation began almost ten years after the initial release of the game on which it is based, it launched only a month before the release of the high-definition remake."}], ["Di rantau PAL, yang merangkumi sebahagian besar Afrika, Asia, Eropah, dan Oceania, Twilight Princess adalah catatan terlaris dalam siri Zelda. Dalam minggu pertama, permainan itu dijual dengan tiga daripada setiap pembelian empat Wii. Permainan ini telah menjual 5.82 juta salinan pada Wii pada 31 Mac 2011 [update], dan 1.32 juta pada GameCube pada 31 Mac 2007 [update]. <> Apakah nama kawasan yang termasuk kebanyakan negara tidak terletak di Utara, Tengah atau Amerika Selatan? || PAL <> Berapa banyak unit versi Wii Twilight Princess telah dibeli menjelang akhir Mac 2011? || 5.82 juta <> Berapa banyak unit versi GameCube dari Twilight Princess telah dibeli menjelang akhir Mac 2007? || 1.32 juta <> Kawasan mana yang Twilight Princess yang menjual kemasukan Zelda? || Rantau PAL <> Berapa banyak salinan permainan telah dijual pada Mac 2011? || 5.82 juta <> Berapa banyak salinan permainan telah dijual pada Gamecube pada Mac 2007? || 1.32 juta <> Berapa banyak unites dari versi CameCube dari Twilight Princess telah dibeli menjelang akhir Mac 2011? || <> Berapa banyak unit versi Wii Twilight Princess telah dibeli menjelang akhir Mac 2007? || <> Di kawasan apakah Twilight Princess yang kemasukan Wii terlaris? || <> Berapa banyak salinan PAL telah dijual pada Mac 2011? || <> Apakah nama kawasan yang termasuk kebanyakan negara yang terletak di Utara, Tengah, dan Amerika Selatan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the area which includes most countries not located in North, Central or South America?", "id": "56cda92362d2951400fa67dc", "answers": [{"text": "PAL", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many units of the Wii version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2011?", "id": "56cda92362d2951400fa67dd", "answers": [{"text": "5.82 million", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many units of the GameCube version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2007?", "id": "56cda92362d2951400fa67de", "answers": [{"text": "1.32 million", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What region is Twilight Princess the best -selling Zelda entry?", "id": "56d13669e7d4791d0090201d", "answers": [{"text": "PAL region", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many copies of the game had been sold as of March 2011?", "id": "56d13669e7d4791d0090201f", "answers": [{"text": "5.82 million", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many copies of the game had been sold on Gamecube as of March 2007?", "id": "56d13669e7d4791d00902020", "answers": [{"text": "1.32 million", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "5.82 million", "answer_start": 239}], "question": "How many unites of the CameCube version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2011?", "id": "5a8dc34ddf8bba001a0f9bdd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1.32 million", "answer_start": 304}], "question": "How many units of the Wii version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2007?", "id": "5a8dc34ddf8bba001a0f9bde", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "PAL region", "answer_start": 7}], "question": "In what region is Twilight Princess the best-selling Wii entry?", "id": "5a8dc34ddf8bba001a0f9bdf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "5.82 million", "answer_start": 239}], "question": "How many copies of PAL had been sold as of March 2011?", "id": "5a8dc34ddf8bba001a0f9be0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "PAL", "answer_start": 7}], "question": "What is the name of the area which includes most countries located in North, Central, and South America?", "id": "5a8dc34ddf8bba001a0f9be1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the PAL region, which covers most of Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania, Twilight Princess is the best-selling entry in the Zelda series. During its first week, the game was sold with three of every four Wii purchases. The game had sold 5.82 million copies on the Wii as of March 31, 2011[update], and 1.32 million on the GameCube as of March 31, 2007[update]."}]], [["Pada bulan November 2013 MGM dan estet McClory secara rasmi menyelesaikan isu ini dengan syarikat Danjaq, LLC-saudara Eon Productions-dengan MGM memperoleh hak cipta filem hak cipta sepenuhnya kepada konsep Hantu dan semua watak-watak yang berkaitan dengannya. Dengan pengambilalihan hak-hak filem dan pengenalan semula organisasi kepada kesinambungan siri, akronim SPECTER dibuang dan organisasi itu semula sebagai \"Spektrum\". <> Siapa yang akhirnya mempunyai hak pemilikan? || MGM <> Apakah nama asal Specter? || SPECTER <> Syarikat manakah Danjaq, LLC yang berkaitan? || Eon Productions <> Pada tahun berapa hak-hak untuk hantu bekerja? || 2013 <> Studio studio mana yang memenangi hak filem hak cipta penuh untuk Spektrum? || MGM <> Bagaimana akronim ditulis pada asalnya? || Spektrum <> Apakah nama syarikat saudara LLC Eon Productions? || Danjaq <> Yang mana dua pihak menyelesaikan masalah ini pada bulan November 2003? || <> Siapa yang mendapat hak filem separa untuk Hantu? || <> Estet McClintock menyelesaikan masalah dengan siapa? || <> Siapa syarikat saudara kepada Eon Productions? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who ended up with ownership of Spectre?", "id": "56cdd83862d2951400fa68e0", "answers": [{"text": "MGM", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Spectre's original name?", "id": "56cdd83862d2951400fa68e1", "answers": [{"text": "SPECTRE", "answer_start": 354}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which company is Danjaq, LLC associated with?", "id": "56cdd83862d2951400fa68e2", "answers": [{"text": "Eon Productions", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year were rights to Spectre worked out?", "id": "56cdd83862d2951400fa68e3", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which film studio won the full copyright film rights to Spectre?", "id": "56cf39c4aab44d1400b88eba", "answers": [{"text": "MGM", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How was the Spectre acronym originally written?", "id": "56cf39c4aab44d1400b88ebb", "answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the LLC sister company of Eon Productions?", "id": "56cf39c4aab44d1400b88ebc", "answers": [{"text": "Danjaq", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "MGM and the McClory estate", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "Which two parties settled the issue in November 2003?", "id": "5ad22870d7d075001a428558", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "MGM", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "Who got partial film rights to Spectre?", "id": "5ad22870d7d075001a428559", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Danjaq, LLC", "answer_start": 76}], "question": "The McClintock estate settled the issue with whom?", "id": "5ad22870d7d075001a42855a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Danjaq, LLC", "answer_start": 76}], "question": "Who is a brother company to Eon Productions?", "id": "5ad22870d7d075001a42855b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In November 2013 MGM and the McClory estate formally settled the issue with Danjaq, LLC\u2014sister company of Eon Productions\u2014with MGM acquiring the full copyright film rights to the concept of Spectre and all of the characters associated with it. With the acquisition of the film rights and the organisation's re-introduction to the series' continuity, the SPECTRE acronym was discarded and the organisation reimagined as \"Spectre\"."}], ["Bond pergi ke Austria untuk mencari White, yang sedang meracuni keracunan thallium. Dia mengakui semakin tidak disengajakan dengan Quantum dan memberitahu Bond untuk mencari dan melindungi anak perempuannya, Dr. Madeline Swann, yang akan membawanya ke L'Am\u00e9ricain; ini akan membawa dia ke Hantu. White kemudian melakukan bunuh diri. Bond menempatkan Swann di Hoffler Klinik, tetapi dia diculik oleh Hinx. Bond menyelamatkannya dan kedua-dua bertemu Q, yang mendapati bahawa cincin Sciarra menghubungkan Oberhauser ke misi sebelumnya Bond, mengenal pasti Le Chiffre, Dominic Greene dan Raoul Silva sebagai agen Spectre. Swann mendedahkan bahawa L'Am\u00e9ricain adalah sebuah hotel di Tangier. <> Apakah White menderita apabila Bond mendapati dia? || keracunan thallium <> Siapa anak perempuan White? || Dr. Madeline Swann <> Bagaimana White menangani keadaannya? || melakukan bunuh diri <> Di manakah JAmes mencari Dr. Swann? || Hoffler Klinik <> Di mana L'Americain terletak? || Tangier <> Apa yang Encik White mati? || keracunan thallium. <> Siapa yang tuan White meminta James Bond untuk melindungi? || anak perempuannya, Dr. Madeline Swann <> Di mana hotel L'Americain? || Tangier. <> Siapa yang menculik Dr. Swann? || Hinx. <> Siapa yang pergi ke Australia untuk mencari Encik White? || <> Siapa yang meracuni keracunan kalium? || <> Siapa yang mahu anaknya dilindungi? || <> Anak manakah yang diculik oleh Hinx? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is White suffering from when Bond finds him?", "id": "56cdd05a62d2951400fa688a", "answers": [{"text": "thallium poisoning", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is White's daughter?", "id": "56cdd05a62d2951400fa688b", "answers": [{"text": "Dr. Madeline Swann", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does White deal with his condition?", "id": "56cdd05a62d2951400fa688c", "answers": [{"text": "commits suicide", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does JAmes find Dr. Swann?", "id": "56cdd05a62d2951400fa688d", "answers": [{"text": "Hoffler Klinik", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is L'Americain located?", "id": "56cdd05a62d2951400fa688e", "answers": [{"text": "Tangier", "answer_start": 599}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Mr. White dying of?", "id": "56cf34b0aab44d1400b88e3f", "answers": [{"text": "thallium poisoning.", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does Mr. White ask James Bond to protect?", "id": "56cf34b0aab44d1400b88e40", "answers": [{"text": "his daughter, Dr. Madeline Swann", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the L'Americain hotel?", "id": "56cf34b0aab44d1400b88e41", "answers": [{"text": "Tangier.", "answer_start": 599}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who kidnaps Dr. Swann?", "id": "56cf34b0aab44d1400b88e42", "answers": [{"text": "Hinx.", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bond", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who travels to Australia to find Mr. White?", "id": "5ad2240ed7d075001a428516", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "White", "answer_start": 32}], "question": "Who is dying of potassium poisoning?", "id": "5ad2240ed7d075001a428517", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "White", "answer_start": 32}], "question": "Who wants his son protected?", "id": "5ad2240ed7d075001a428518", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "White", "answer_start": 32}], "question": "Whose son is abducted by Hinx?", "id": "5ad2240ed7d075001a428519", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Bond travels to Austria to find White, who is dying of thallium poisoning. He admits to growing disenchanted with Quantum and tells Bond to find and protect his daughter, Dr. Madeline Swann, who will take him to L'Am\u00e9ricain; this will in turn lead him to Spectre. White then commits suicide. Bond locates Swann at the Hoffler Klinik, but she is abducted by Hinx. Bond rescues her and the two meet Q, who discovers that Sciarra's ring links Oberhauser to Bond's previous missions, identifying Le Chiffre, Dominic Greene and Raoul Silva as Spectre agents. Swann reveals that L'Am\u00e9ricain is a hotel in Tangier."}], ["Bond tidak mematuhi perintah M dan perjalanan ke Rom untuk menghadiri pengebumian Sciarra. Pada petang itu dia melawat janda Sciarra, Lucia, yang memberitahu dia mengenai Spectre, sebuah organisasi jenayah yang suaminya miliknya. Bond menyusupkan pertemuan Hantu, di mana dia mengenali pemimpin, Franz Oberhauser. Apabila Oberhauser menamakan Bond dengan nama, dia melarikan diri dan diusahakan oleh Encik Hinx, pembunuh Specter. Moneypenny memaklumkan kepada Bond bahawa maklumat yang dikumpulkannya membawa kepada Encik White, bekas ahli Quantum, anak syarikat Specter. Bond meminta beliau untuk menyiasat Oberhauser, yang dianggap lebih awal tahun lalu. <> Di mana Bond pergi selepas penggantungannya? || Rom <> Kumpulan apa yang dimiliki Sciarra? || Hantu <> Siapa kepala hantu? || Franz Oberhauser <> Apa pekerjaan Encik Hinx? || pembunuh <> Siapa yang melakukan penyelidikan untuk Bon? || Moneypenny <> Di mana pemakaman Sciarra berlaku? || Roma <> Siapa pemimpin pemogokan? || Franz Oberhauser <> Apa nama pembunuh hantu yang menjejaki Bond? || Encik Hinx <> Yang mana ahli Specter telah dianggap mati? || Franz Oberhauser <> Siapa yang tidak mematuhi arahan Q dan pergi ke Rom? || <> Kepunyaan isteri milik organisasi jenayah? || <> Siapa yang dikejar oleh Encik Oberhauser, assasin Specter? || <> Siapa ahli Kuantum semasa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does Bond go after his suspension?", "id": "56cdcfee62d2951400fa6876", "answers": [{"text": "Rome", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group did Sciarra belong to?", "id": "56cdcfee62d2951400fa6877", "answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the head of Spectre?", "id": "56cdcfee62d2951400fa6878", "answers": [{"text": "Franz Oberhauser", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Mr. Hinx's job?", "id": "56cdcfee62d2951400fa6879", "answers": [{"text": "assassin", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who performs research for Bond?", "id": "56cdcfee62d2951400fa687a", "answers": [{"text": "Moneypenny", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does Sciarra's funeral take place?", "id": "56cf33afaab44d1400b88e25", "answers": [{"text": "Rome", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the leader of Spectre?", "id": "56cf33afaab44d1400b88e27", "answers": [{"text": "Franz Oberhauser", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the Spectre assassin who tracks Bond?", "id": "56cf33afaab44d1400b88e28", "answers": [{"text": "Mr. Hinx", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which member of Spectre had been presumed to be dead?", "id": "56cf33afaab44d1400b88e29", "answers": [{"text": "Franz Oberhauser", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bond", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who disobeys Q's orders and travels to Rome?", "id": "5ad22377d7d075001a42850e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lucia", "answer_start": 112}], "question": "Whose wife belonged to a criminal organization?", "id": "5ad22377d7d075001a42850f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bond", "answer_start": 315}], "question": "Who is pursued by Mr. Oberhauser, a Spectre assasin?", "id": "5ad22377d7d075001a428510", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mr. White", "answer_start": 455}], "question": "Who is a current member of Quantum?", "id": "5ad22377d7d075001a428511", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Bond disobeys M's order and travels to Rome to attend Sciarra's funeral. That evening he visits Sciarra's widow Lucia, who tells him about Spectre, a criminal organisation to which her husband belonged. Bond infiltrates a Spectre meeting, where he identifies the leader, Franz Oberhauser. When Oberhauser addresses Bond by name, he escapes and is pursued by Mr. Hinx, a Spectre assassin. Moneypenny informs Bond that the information he collected leads to Mr. White, former member of Quantum, a subsidiary of Spectre. Bond asks her to investigate Oberhauser, who was presumed dead years earlier."}], ["Kedua-dua perjalanan ke hotel dan menemui bilik rahsia White di mana mereka mendapati koordinat menunjuk ke pangkalan operasi Oberhauser di padang pasir. Mereka bergerak dengan kereta api ke stesen terdekat, tetapi sekali lagi dihadapkan oleh Hinx; mereka terlibat dalam pertarungan di sepanjang kereta api di mana Hinx akhirnya dibuang kereta api oleh Bond dengan bantuan Swann. Selepas tiba di stesen, Bond dan Swann dikawal ke pangkalan Oberhauser. Di sana, beliau mendedahkan bahawa Spektrum telah menganjurkan serangan pengganas di seluruh dunia, mewujudkan keperluan untuk program Sembilan Mata. Sebagai balasan Spektrum akan diberikan akses tanpa had kepada kecerdasan yang dikumpulkan oleh Sembilan Mata. Bond disiksa kerana Oberhauser membincangkan sejarah mereka yang dikongsi: setelah Bond yang lebih muda menjadi yatim piatu, bapa Oberhauser, Hannes, menjadi penjaga sementaranya. Percaya bahwa Bond menggantikan perannya sebagai putra, Oberhauser membunuh bapanya dan menangkis kematiannya sendiri, kemudian mengadopsi nama Ernst Stavro Blofeld dan akan membentuk Spektrum. Bond dan Swann melarikan diri, memusnahkan asas dalam proses itu, menyebabkan Blofeld nampaknya mati semasa letupan. <> Apakah kaedah pengangkutan yang digunakan untuk sampai ke pangkalan Oberhauser? || kereta api <> Siapa yang menghubungkan antara Oberhauser dan Bond? || Hannes <> Apa yang dipanggil Oberhauser sendiri setelah dia membunuh kematiannya? || Ernst Stavro Blofeld <> Selepas pementasan kematiannya sendiri, apakah nama Hanz Oberhauser yang mula digunakan? || Ernst Stavro Blofeld <> Siapa yang mempunyai pangkalan operasi di hutan? || <> Siapa yang membuat keperluan untuk program Ten Eyes? || <> Siapa yang akan diberikan akses tanpa had kepada kecerdasan yang dikumpulkan oleh Ten Eyes? || <> Swann disiksa seperti yang membincangkan sejarah mereka yang dikongsi? || <> Oberhauser membunuh ibunya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What method of transportation is used to get to Oberhauser's base?", "id": "56cdd17262d2951400fa68a8", "answers": [{"text": "train", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the link between Oberhauser and Bond?", "id": "56cdd17262d2951400fa68aa", "answers": [{"text": "Hannes", "answer_start": 778}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Oberhauser call himself after he faked his death?", "id": "56cdd17262d2951400fa68ab", "answers": [{"text": "Ernst Stavro Blofeld", "answer_start": 951}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After staging his own death, what name did Hanz Oberhauser begin to use?", "id": "56cf35f7aab44d1400b88e5d", "answers": [{"text": "Ernst Stavro Blofeld", "answer_start": 951}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Oberhauser", "answer_start": 677}], "question": "Who has an operations base in the forest?", "id": "5ad224b1d7d075001a428528", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 463}], "question": "Who has been creating a need for the Ten Eyes programme?", "id": "5ad224b1d7d075001a428529", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 579}], "question": "Who will be given unlimited access to intelligence gathered by Ten Eyes?", "id": "5ad224b1d7d075001a42852a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Oberhauser", "answer_start": 677}], "question": "Swann is tortured as who discusses their shared history?", "id": "5ad224b1d7d075001a42852b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bond", "answer_start": 832}], "question": "Oberhauser killed whose mother?", "id": "5ad224b1d7d075001a42852c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The two travel to the hotel and discover White's secret room where they find co-ordinates pointing to Oberhauser's operations base in the desert. They travel by train to the nearest station, but are once again confronted by Hinx; they engage in a fight throughout the train in which Mr Hinx is eventually thrown off the train by Bond with Swann's assistance. After arriving at the station, Bond and Swann are escorted to Oberhauser's base. There, he reveals that Spectre has been staging terrorist attacks around the world, creating a need for the Nine Eyes programme. In return Spectre will be given unlimited access to intelligence gathered by Nine Eyes. Bond is tortured as Oberhauser discusses their shared history: after the younger Bond was orphaned, Oberhauser's father, Hannes, became his temporary guardian. Believing that Bond supplanted his role as son, Oberhauser killed his father and staged his own death, subsequently adopting the name Ernst Stavro Blofeld and going on to form Spectre. Bond and Swann escape, destroying the base in the process, leaving Blofeld to apparently die during the explosion."}], ["Spectre (2015) adalah filem James Bond dua puluh empat yang dihasilkan oleh Eon Productions. Ia menampilkan Daniel Craig dalam prestasi keempatnya sebagai James Bond, dan Christoph Waltz sebagai Ernst Stavro Blofeld, dengan filem menandakan pengenalan semula watak itu ke dalam siri ini. Ia diarahkan oleh Sam Mendes sebagai filem James Bond yang kedua selepas Skyfall, dan ditulis oleh John Logan, Neal Purvis, Robert Wade dan Jez Butterworth. Ia diedarkan oleh Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer dan Columbia Pictures. Dengan anggaran sekitar $ 245 juta, ia adalah filem Bond paling mahal dan salah satu filem paling mahal yang pernah dibuat. <> Syarikat manakah yang membuat Spektrum? || Eon Productions <> Siapa bintang Spectre? || Daniel Craig <> Apa peranan yang dimainkan Daniel Craig di Hantu? || James Bond <> Apa filem 007 yang dilakukan oleh Sam Mendes sebelum ini? || Skyfall <> Berapa banyak wang yang diperlukan untuk membuat Spektrum? || $ 245 <> Berapa banyak filem James Bond yang dihasilkan oleh Eon Productions? || dua puluh empat <> Filem mana yang paling mahal pernah dibuat? || Spektrum <> Berapa banyak filem yang pernah muncul Daniel Craig sebagai James Bond? || empat <> Yang mana dua studio filem mengedarkan filem Spectre James Bond? || Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer dan Columbia Pictures <> Siapa yang mengarahkan Spektrum? || Sam Mendes <> Apakah nama filem James Bond yang ke-34? || <> Pada tahun apakah filem James Bond yang ke tiga puluh empat dihasilkan? || <> Bintang Daniel Craig sebagai Ernst Stavro Blofeld dalam filem apa 2015? || <> Sam Mendes menulis filem apa 2015? || <> John Logan mengarahkan apa filem 2015? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which company made Spectre?", "id": "56cdaf0362d2951400fa6808", "answers": [{"text": "Eon Productions", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the star of Spectre?", "id": "56cdaf0362d2951400fa6809", "answers": [{"text": "Daniel Craig", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What role does Daniel Craig play in Spectre?", "id": "56cdaf0362d2951400fa680a", "answers": [{"text": "James Bond", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What 007 movie did Sam Mendes previously direct?", "id": "56cdaf0362d2951400fa680b", "answers": [{"text": "Skyfall", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money did it take to make Spectre?", "id": "56cdaf0362d2951400fa680c", "answers": [{"text": "$245", "answer_start": 504}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many James Bond films has Eon Productions produced?", "id": "56cf2e15aab44d1400b88dc9", "answers": [{"text": "twenty-four", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Bond film was the most expensive ever made?", "id": "56cf2e15aab44d1400b88dca", "answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many films has Daniel Craig appeared in as James Bond?", "id": "56cf2e15aab44d1400b88dcb", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two movie studios distributed the James Bond film Spectre?", "id": "56cf2e15aab44d1400b88dcc", "answers": [{"text": "Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Columbia Pictures", "answer_start": 440}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who directed Spectre?", "id": "56cf2e15aab44d1400b88dcd", "answers": [{"text": "Sam Mendes", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is the name of the thirty-fourth James Bond film?", "id": "5ad21ef0d7d075001a42849a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "In what year was the thirty-fourth James Bond film produced?", "id": "5ad21ef0d7d075001a42849b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Daniel Craig stars as Ernst Stavro Blofeld in what 2015 film?", "id": "5ad21ef0d7d075001a42849c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Sam Mendes wrote what 2015 film?", "id": "5ad21ef0d7d075001a42849d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "John Logan directed what 2015 film?", "id": "5ad21ef0d7d075001a42849e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Spectre (2015) is the twenty-fourth James Bond film produced by Eon Productions. It features Daniel Craig in his fourth performance as James Bond, and Christoph Waltz as Ernst Stavro Blofeld, with the film marking the character's re-introduction into the series. It was directed by Sam Mendes as his second James Bond film following Skyfall, and was written by John Logan, Neal Purvis, Robert Wade and Jez Butterworth. It is distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Columbia Pictures. With a budget around $245 million, it is the most expensive Bond film and one of the most expensive films ever made."}], ["Cerita itu melihat Bond berasaskan spesies jenayah global, menandakan penampilan pertama kumpulan itu dalam filem Eon Productions sejak Diamonds Are Forever 1971, [N 2] dan menggabungkan siri-siri filem Craig bersama-sama dengan jalan cerita yang menyeluruh. Beberapa watak James Bond berulang, termasuk M, Q dan Eve Moneypenny kembali, dengan penambahan baru L\u00e9a Seydoux sebagai Dr. Madeleine Swann, Dave Bautista sebagai Encik Hinx, Andrew Scott sebagai Max Denbigh dan Monica Bellucci sebagai Lucia Sciarra. <> Kumpulan apa yang menjadi musuh protagonis? || Hantu <> Filem manakah hantu yang asalnya dipaparkan? || Diamonds Are Forever <> Yang tiga keperibadian daripada filem-filem terdahulu muncul dalam Specter? || M, Q dan Eve Moneypenny <> Pelakon mana yang memainkan peranan Encik Hinx? || Dave Bautista <> Peranan apa yang dilakukan oleh Monica Bellucci? || Lucia Sciarra <> Yang aksara James Bond berulang muncul dalam Specter? || M, Q dan Eve Moneypenny <> Apa aktris menggambarkan Dr Madeleine Swann dalam Specter? || L\u00e9a Seydoux <> Apa pelakon menggambarkan Encik Hinx dalam Specter? || Dave Bautista <> Bilakah Diamonds Forever dibebaskan? || 1971 <> Spektrum ditekan terhadap organisasi jenayah global? || <> Berlian Tidak Selamanya dikeluarkan pada tahun berapa? || <> M, Q, dan Eva Moneypenny kembali dalam filem 2015? || <> Dave Bautista menggambarkan Max Denbigh di mana filem James Bond? || <> Andrew Scott menggambarkan Encik Hinx di mana filem James Bond? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What group is the enemy of the protagonist?", "id": "56cdb27562d2951400fa6812", "answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which movie was Spectre originally featured in?", "id": "56cdb27562d2951400fa6813", "answers": [{"text": "Diamonds Are Forever", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which three personalities from previous films appear in Spectre?", "id": "56cdb27562d2951400fa6814", "answers": [{"text": "M, Q and Eve Moneypenny", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which actor plays the role of Mr. Hinx?", "id": "56cdb27562d2951400fa6815", "answers": [{"text": "Dave Bautista", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What role is performed by Monica Bellucci?", "id": "56cdb27562d2951400fa6816", "answers": [{"text": "Lucia Sciarra", "answer_start": 478}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which recurring James Bond characters appear in Spectre?", "id": "56cf2f22aab44d1400b88dd4", "answers": [{"text": "M, Q and Eve Moneypenny", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What actress portrays Dr. Madeleine Swann in Spectre?", "id": "56cf2f22aab44d1400b88dd5", "answers": [{"text": "L\u00e9a Seydoux", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What actor portrays Mr. Hinx in Spectre?", "id": "56cf2f22aab44d1400b88dd6", "answers": [{"text": "Dave Bautista", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Diamonds are Forever released?", "id": "56cf2f22aab44d1400b88dd7", "answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bond", "answer_start": 15}], "question": "Spectre is pitted against which global crime organization?", "id": "5ad21fd7d7d075001a4284b4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 147}], "question": "Diamonds Aren't Forever was released in what year?", "id": "5ad21fd7d7d075001a4284b5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "M, Q, and Eva Moneypenny return in what 2015 film?", "id": "5ad21fd7d7d075001a4284b6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "Dave Bautista portrays Max Denbigh in which James Bond film?", "id": "5ad21fd7d7d075001a4284b7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "Andrew Scott portrays Mr. Hinx in which James Bond film?", "id": "5ad21fd7d7d075001a4284b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The story sees Bond pitted against the global criminal organisation Spectre, marking the group's first appearance in an Eon Productions film since 1971's Diamonds Are Forever,[N 2] and tying Craig's series of films together with an overarching storyline. Several recurring James Bond characters, including M, Q and Eve Moneypenny return, with the new additions of L\u00e9a Seydoux as Dr. Madeleine Swann, Dave Bautista as Mr. Hinx, Andrew Scott as Max Denbigh and Monica Bellucci as Lucia Sciarra."}], ["Bond dan Swann kembali ke London di mana mereka bertemu M, Bill Tanner, Q, dan Moneypenny; mereka bercadang untuk menangkap C dan menghentikan Sembilan Mata dari dalam talian. Swann meninggalkan Bond, memberitahu dia dia tidak boleh menjadi sebahagian daripada kehidupan yang melibatkan pengintipan, dan kemudiannya diculik. Dalam perjalanan, kumpulan itu diserang hendap dan Bond diculik, tetapi selebihnya masih meneruskan rancangan itu. Selepas Q berjaya menghalang Sembilan Mata dari dalam talian, satu perjuangan ringkas antara M dan C berakhir dengan yang terakhir jatuh ke kematiannya. Sementara itu, Bond dibawa ke bangunan MI6 yang lama, yang dijadualkan untuk perobohan, dan membebaskan dirinya. Bergerak di sepanjang labirin yang hancur, dia menemui Blofeld yang cacat, yang memberitahu dia bahawa dia mempunyai tiga minit untuk melarikan diri dari bangunan sebelum peledak diletupkan atau mati untuk menyelamatkan Swann. Bond mendapati Swann dan dua orang melarikan diri dengan bot ketika bangunan runtuh. Bond menembak jatuh helikopter Blofeld, yang jatuh ke Westminster Bridge. Sebagai Blofeld merangkak jauh dari bangkai, Bond menghadapi dia tetapi akhirnya meninggalkannya untuk ditangkap oleh M. Bond meninggalkan jambatan dengan Swann. <> Di manakah Bond dibawa selepas dia diculik? || Bangunan MI6 lama <> Siapa yang bertemu Bond di bangunan MI6? || Blofeld <> Di mana Blofeld boleh ditangkap? || Jambatan Westminster <> Siapa yang M bertempur dengan? || C <> Siapa yang menghalang Sembilan Mata daripada pergi ke talian? || Q <> Watak-watak mana yang jatuh ke kematian mereka, M atau C? || C <> Siapa yang berhasrat untuk menghentikan Sepuluh Mata daripada pergi ke talian? || <> Siapa yang mahu mempunyai spionase dalam hidup mereka? || <> Siapa yang menghalang Sepuluh Mata daripada pergi ke talian? || <> Siapa yang dibawa ke bangunan lama MI66? || <> Siapa yang memberitahu Bond dia mempunyai lima minit untuk melarikan diri dari bangunan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is Bond brought after he is kidnapped?", "id": "56cdd28562d2951400fa68ba", "answers": [{"text": "the old MI6 building", "answer_start": 524}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does Bond meet in the MI6 building?", "id": "56cdd28562d2951400fa68bb", "answers": [{"text": "Blofeld", "answer_start": 667}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does Blofeld get arrested?", "id": "56cdd28562d2951400fa68bc", "answers": [{"text": "Westminster Bridge", "answer_start": 929}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does M fight with?", "id": "56cdd28562d2951400fa68bd", "answers": [{"text": "C", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who prevents Nine Eyes from going online?", "id": "56cf3727aab44d1400b88e79", "answers": [{"text": "Q", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which characters falls to their death, M or C?", "id": "56cf3727aab44d1400b88e7a", "answers": [{"text": "C", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bond", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who intends to stop Ten Eyes from going online?", "id": "5ad22547d7d075001a428532", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Swann", "answer_start": 145}], "question": "Who wants to have espionage in their life?", "id": "5ad22547d7d075001a428533", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Q", "answer_start": 362}], "question": "Who prevents Ten Eyes from going online?", "id": "5ad22547d7d075001a428534", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bond", "answer_start": 507}], "question": "Who is taken to the old MI66 building?", "id": "5ad22547d7d075001a428535", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Blofeld", "answer_start": 667}], "question": "Who tells Bond he has five minutes to escape the building?", "id": "5ad22547d7d075001a428536", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Bond and Swann return to London where they meet M, Bill Tanner, Q, and Moneypenny; they intend to arrest C and stop Nine Eyes from going online. Swann leaves Bond, telling him she cannot be part of a life involving espionage, and is subsequently kidnapped. On the way, the group is ambushed and Bond is kidnapped, but the rest still proceed with the plan. After Q succeeds in preventing the Nine Eyes from going online, a brief struggle between M and C ends with the latter falling to his death. Meanwhile, Bond is taken to the old MI6 building, which is scheduled for demolition, and frees himself. Moving throughout the ruined labyrinth, he encounters a disfigured Blofeld, who tells him that he has three minutes to escape the building before explosives are detonated or die trying to save Swann. Bond finds Swann and the two escape by boat as the building collapses. Bond shoots down Blofeld's helicopter, which crashes onto Westminster Bridge. As Blofeld crawls away from the wreckage, Bond confronts him but ultimately leaves him to be arrested by M. Bond leaves the bridge with Swann."}], ["Berikutan promosi Garreth Mallory ke M, dalam misi di Mexico City secara tidak rasmi diperintahkan oleh mesej selepas kematian dari M sebelum ini, 007 James Bond membunuh tiga orang yang merancang pengeboman pengganas pada Hari Mati dan mengejar Marco Sciarra, seorang pembunuh yang selamat dari serangan itu. Dalam perjuangan berikutnya, Bond mencuri cincinnya, yang digambarkan dengan sotong yang bergaya, dan kemudian membunuh Sciarra dengan menendangnya dari sebuah helikopter. Apabila kembali ke London, Bond tidak dapat dihalang daripada kewajipan lapangan oleh M, yang berada di tengah-tengah perjuangan kuasa dengan C, ketua Perisikan Bersama Perkhidmatan Bersama, yang terdiri daripada MI5 dan MI6 baru-baru ini. C untuk Britain membentuk 8 negara lain iaitu \"Sembilan Mata\", satu inisiatif kerjasama pengawasan dan risikan global antara sembilan negara anggota, dan menggunakan pengaruhnya untuk menutup bahagian '00', mempercayai ia sudah ketinggalan zaman. <> Pada hari libur apa rancangan perisai pemberontak meletupkan bom? || Hari Orang Mati <> Siapa yang mengalihkan James Bond daripada perkhidmatan aktif? || M <> Siapa saingan M? || C <> Apakah kumpulan yang menyokong sokongan C Inggeris? || Sembilan Mata <> Watak mana yang dipromosikan ke M? || Garreth Mallory <> Percutian yang manakah pengeboman pengganas yang dirancang? || Hari Orang Mati <> Yang mana dua kumpulan perisikan bergabung untuk membentuk Perkhidmatan Perisikan Bersama? || MI5 dan MI6 <> Apa yang diambil oleh Bond dari Marco Sciarra? || cincinnya <> 007 James Bond membunuh empat lelaki dalam misi di mana bandar? || <> Bond mencuri kalung pembunuh? || <> Kalung Marco Scciarra mempunyai haiwan apa di atasnya? || <> Q menangguhkan siapa dari tugas lapangan? || <> Apa yang mengandungi MI55 dan MI66 yang baru digabungkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what holiday do insurgents plan to detonate a bomb?", "id": "56cdcf7d62d2951400fa686c", "answers": [{"text": "Day of the Dead", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who removed James Bond from active service?", "id": "56cdcf7d62d2951400fa686d", "answers": [{"text": "M", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is M's rival?", "id": "56cdcf7d62d2951400fa686e", "answers": [{"text": "C", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group does C support England joining?", "id": "56cdcf7d62d2951400fa6870", "answers": [{"text": "Nine Eyes", "answer_start": 743}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which character is promoted to M?", "id": "56cf318aaab44d1400b88dff", "answers": [{"text": "Garreth Mallory", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which holiday was the terrorist bombing planned for?", "id": "56cf318aaab44d1400b88e00", "answers": [{"text": "Day of the Dead", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two intelligence groups merged to form Joint Intelligence Service?", "id": "56cf318aaab44d1400b88e01", "answers": [{"text": "MI5 and MI6", "answer_start": 669}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Bond take from Marco Sciarra?", "id": "56cf318aaab44d1400b88e03", "answers": [{"text": "his ring", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mexico", "answer_start": 60}], "question": "007 James Bond kills four men in a mission in which city?", "id": "5ad222fbd7d075001a4284fa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Marco Sciarra", "answer_start": 244}], "question": "Bond steals which assassin's necklace?", "id": "5ad222fbd7d075001a4284fb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "octopus", "answer_start": 379}], "question": "Marco Scciarra's necklace has what animal on it?", "id": "5ad222fbd7d075001a4284fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bond", "answer_start": 473}], "question": "Q suspends whom from field duty?", "id": "5ad222fbd7d075001a4284fd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Joint Intelligence Service", "answer_start": 607}], "question": "What consists of the recently merged MI55 and MI66?", "id": "5ad222fbd7d075001a4284fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Following Garreth Mallory's promotion to M, on a mission in Mexico City unofficially ordered by a posthumous message from the previous M, 007 James Bond kills three men plotting a terrorist bombing during the Day of the Dead and gives chase to Marco Sciarra, an assassin who survived the attack. In the ensuing struggle, Bond steals his ring, which is emblazoned with a stylised octopus, and then kills Sciarra by kicking him out of a helicopter. Upon returning to London, Bond is indefinitely suspended from field duty by M, who is in the midst of a power struggle with C, the head of the privately-backed Joint Intelligence Service, consisting of the recently merged MI5 and MI6. C campaigns for Britain to form alongside 8 other countries \"Nine Eyes \", a global surveillance and intelligence co-operation initiative between nine member states, and uses his influence to close down the '00' section, believing it to be outdated."}], ["Spectre dikeluarkan pada 26 Oktober 2015 di United Kingdom pada malam yang sama sebagai perdana dunia di Royal Albert Hall di London, diikuti oleh pembebasan di seluruh dunia. Ia dikeluarkan di Amerika Syarikat pada 6 November 2015. Ia menjadi filem James Bond kedua yang akan ditayangkan di tempat IMAX selepas Skyfall, walaupun ia tidak difilemkan dengan kamera IMAX. Spektrum menerima ulasan bercampur-campur apabila dibebaskan; walaupun dikritik kerana panjangnya, kekurangan masa skrin untuk watak-watak baru, dan menulis, ia mendapat pujian untuk urutan tindakan dan sinematografi. Lagu tema \"Writing on the Wall\", menerima ulasan bercampur, terutamanya berbanding dengan tema sebelumnya; Walau bagaimanapun, ia memenangi Golden Globe untuk Lagu Original Best dan dicalonkan untuk Anugerah Akademi dalam kategori yang sama. Sehingga 20 Februari 2016 [kemas kini], Spectre telah menyumbang lebih daripada $ 879 juta di seluruh dunia. <> Pada tarikh apakah hantu pertama kali ditunjukkan di UK? || 26 Oktober 2015 <> Di manakah pemeriksaan hujung pertama? || Royal Albert Hall di London <> Apakah tarikh pelepasan AS untuk Spectre? || 6 November 2015 <> Apakah dua subjek pengiktirafan untuk Spectre? || urutan tindakan dan sinematografi <> Untuk kategori apakah Spek menerima anugerah Golden Globe? || Lagu Original Best <> Apa filem James Bond pertama yang akan disiarkan di pawagam IMAX? || Skyfall <> Apakah lagu tema untuk Spectre filem James Bond? || Penulisan di Dinding <> Filem James Bond apa yang dikeluarkan pada 16 Oktober 2015? || <> Apa filem James Bond dikeluarkan pada 26 Oktober 2015 di Amerika Syarikat? || <> Yang mana 2015 filem James Bond mendapat ulasan yang sangat positif? || <> Specter memenangi Anugerah Akademi di mana kategori? || <> Apa filem James Bond dikeluarkan pada 6 November 2015 di UK? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was Spectre first shown in the UK?", "id": "56cdb36c62d2951400fa681c", "answers": [{"text": "26 October 2015", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the first screening of Spectre?", "id": "56cdb36c62d2951400fa681d", "answers": [{"text": "Royal Albert Hall in London", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the US release date for Spectre?", "id": "56cdb36c62d2951400fa681e", "answers": [{"text": "6 November 2015", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were two subjects of accolades for Spectre?", "id": "56cdb36c62d2951400fa681f", "answers": [{"text": "action sequences and cinematography", "answer_start": 521}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what category did Spectre receive a Golden Globe award?", "id": "56cdb36c62d2951400fa6820", "answers": [{"text": "Best Original Song", "answer_start": 710}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first James Bond film to be screened at IMAX theaters?", "id": "56cf306caab44d1400b88df0", "answers": [{"text": "Skyfall", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the theme song for the James Bond film Spectre?", "id": "56cf306caab44d1400b88df1", "answers": [{"text": "Writing's on the Wall", "answer_start": 575}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What James Bond movie was released on 16 October 2015?", "id": "5ad220dcd7d075001a4284c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What James Bond movie was released on 26 October 2015 in the US?", "id": "5ad220dcd7d075001a4284c9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Which 2015 James Bond film received overwhelmingly positive reviews?", "id": "5ad220dcd7d075001a4284ca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Best Original Song", "answer_start": 710}], "question": "Spectre won an Academy Award in which category?", "id": "5ad220dcd7d075001a4284cb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What James Bond movie was released on 6 November 2015 in the UK?", "id": "5ad220dcd7d075001a4284cc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Spectre was released on 26 October 2015 in the United Kingdom on the same night as the world premiere at the Royal Albert Hall in London, followed by a worldwide release. It was released in the United States on 6 November 2015. It became the second James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues after Skyfall, although it was not filmed with IMAX cameras. Spectre received mixed reviews upon its release; although criticised for its length, lack of screen time for new characters, and writing, it received praise for its action sequences and cinematography. The theme song, \"Writing's on the Wall\", received mixed reviews, particularly compared to the previous theme; nevertheless, it won the Golden Globe for Best Original Song and was nominated for the Academy Award in the same category. As of 20 February 2016[update], Spectre has grossed over $879 million worldwide."}], ["Pemilikan organisasi Hantu-yang pada asalnya diisolasikan sebagai \"SPECTER\" sebagai akronim Eksekutif Eksekutif untuk Kecerdasan Kaunter, Keganasan, Revenge dan Penyebaran-dan watak-wataknya, telah berada di tengah-tengah litigasi yang lama sejak tahun 1961 antara Ian Fleming dan Kevin McClory berhubung hak filem ke novel Thunderball. Pertikaian itu bermula setelah Fleming memasukkan unsur-unsur skrip filem yang belum dibangunkan yang ditulis oleh McClory dan penulis skrip Jack Whittingham-termasuk watak-watak dan plot plot-ke Thunderball, yang dipertandingkan McClory di mahkamah, menuntut pemilikan atas elemen novel. Pada tahun 1963, Fleming diselesaikan di mahkamah dengan McClory, dalam perjanjian yang memberi McClory hak filem. Ini membolehkan beliau menjadi pengeluar filem Thunderball tahun 1965-dengan Albert R. Broccoli dan Harry Saltzman sebagai pengeluar eksekutif-dan filem non-Eon Never Say Never Again, pembuatan semula Thunderball pada tahun 1983. [N 3] A pembuatan semula kedua, bertajuk Warhead 2000 AD, dirancang untuk pengeluaran dan pembebasan pada 1990-an sebelum ditinggalkan. Di bawah syarat penempatan tahun 1963, hak sastera tinggal dengan Fleming, yang membolehkan organisasi Spektrum dan watak-watak yang berkaitan untuk terus muncul dalam cetakan. <> Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh SPECTER pada asalnya? || Eksekutif Khas untuk Kecurian, Keganasan, Pembalasan dan Perampasan <> Siapa yang berjuang atas hak filem untuk Thunderball? || Ian Fleming dan Kevin McClory <> Dalam tahun apakah McClory dan Fleming mencapai persetujuan? || 1963 <> Filem mana yang merupakan versi moden dari Thunderball? || Jangan Pernah Sebut Lagi <> Apa nama pembuatan semula Thunderball yang tidak pernah dibuat? || Warhead 2000 A.D. <> Dalam tahun apakah Fleming menetap dengan McClory? || 1963 <> Apa nama pembuatan semula Thunderball? || Jangan Katakan Tidak Pernah Lagi <> Yang mana novel Bond yang pertama dipaparkan Spektrum? || Thunderball. <> Organisasi apa yang dihadapi isu litigasi sejak tahun 1981? || <> Siapa yang memasukkan unsur-unsur skrip filem yang tidak ditulis oleh Saltzman ke Thuderball? || <> Siapa yang menjadi pengeluar filem Thunderball tahun 1985? || <> Apa yang dirancang untuk dibebaskan pada tahun 1980-an tetapi kemudian ditinggalkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What did SPECTRE originally stand for?", "id": "56cdd33262d2951400fa68c2", "answers": [{"text": "SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who fought over the movie rights for Thunderball?", "id": "56cdd33262d2951400fa68c3", "answers": [{"text": "Ian Fleming and Kevin McClory", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did McClory and Fleming reach an agreement?", "id": "56cdd33262d2951400fa68c4", "answers": [{"text": "1963", "answer_start": 615}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which movie was a modern version of Thunderball?", "id": "56cdd33262d2951400fa68c5", "answers": [{"text": "Never Say Never Again", "answer_start": 874}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of a proposed remake of Thunderball that was never made?", "id": "56cdd33362d2951400fa68c6", "answers": [{"text": "Warhead 2000 A.D.", "answer_start": 971}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Fleming settle with McClory?", "id": "56cf38a9aab44d1400b88e97", "answers": [{"text": "1963", "answer_start": 615}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the remake of Thunderball?", "id": "56cf38a9aab44d1400b88e99", "answers": [{"text": "Never Say Never Again", "answer_start": 874}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Bond novel first featured Spectre?", "id": "56cf38a9aab44d1400b88e9a", "answers": [{"text": "Thunderball.", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "What organization has faced litigation issues since 1981?", "id": "5ad227efd7d075001a428550", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Fleming", "answer_start": 363}], "question": "Who incorporated elements of an undeveloped film script written by Saltzman into Thuderball?", "id": "5ad227efd7d075001a428551", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "McClory", "answer_start": 694}], "question": "Who became a producer on the 1985 film Thunderball?", "id": "5ad227efd7d075001a428552", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Warhead 2000 A.D.", "answer_start": 971}], "question": "What was planned for release in the 1980s but then abandoned?", "id": "5ad227efd7d075001a428553", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The ownership of the Spectre organisation\u2014originally stylised \"SPECTRE\" as an acronym of SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion\u2014and its characters, had been at the centre of long-standing litigation starting in 1961 between Ian Fleming and Kevin McClory over the film rights to the novel Thunderball. The dispute began after Fleming incorporated elements of an undeveloped film script written by McClory and screenwriter Jack Whittingham\u2014including characters and plot points\u2014into Thunderball, which McClory contested in court, claiming ownership over elements of the novel. In 1963, Fleming settled out of court with McClory, in an agreement which awarded McClory the film rights. This enabled him to become a producer for the 1965 film Thunderball\u2014with Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman as executive producers\u2014and the non-Eon film Never Say Never Again, an updated remake of Thunderball, in 1983.[N 3] A second remake, entitled Warhead 2000 A.D., was planned for production and release in the 1990s before being abandoned. Under the terms of the 1963 settlement, the literary rights stayed with Fleming, allowing the Spectre organisation and associated characters to continue appearing in print."}], ["Selain pemain utama, Alessandro Cremona dilahirkan sebagai Marco Sciarra, Stephanie Sigman dilahirkan sebagai Estrella, dan Detlef Bothe dilayangkan sebagai penjahat untuk adegan yang ditembak di Austria. Pada bulan Februari 2015 lebih daripada lima belas ratus tambahan disewa untuk urutan pra-tajuk yang ditetapkan di Mexico, walaupun mereka telah diduplikasi dalam filem itu, memberi kesan sekitar sepuluh ribu tambahan. <> Berapa ramai orang yang sebenarnya digunakan untuk urutan pembiakan? || Lima belas ratus <> Pelakon mana yang menggambarkan Marco Sciarra? || Alessandro Cremona <> Estrella dimainkan oleh mana pelakon? || Stephanie Sigman <> Kapan adegan pembukaan Spectre difilmkan? || Februari 2015 <> Di manakah adegan pra-judul dalam Spectre difilmkan? || Mexico <> Di mana negara adegan dengan tembakan Detlef Bothe? || Austria. <> Siapa yang dilakonkan sebagai Marco Sciarra? || Alessandro Cremona <> Watak apa yang dilakukan oleh Stephanie Sigma? || Estrella <> Alessandro yang dilahirkan sebagai Estrella? || <> Siapa yang dilahirkan sebagai wira untuk adegan yang ditetapkan di Austria? || <> Sebanyak 100 tambahan telah disewa untuk apa? || <> Pada bulan Februari 2005, berapa banyak tambahan yang disewa untuk urutan pra-tajuk? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many actual people were used for the opening sequence of Spectre?", "id": "56cddcae62d2951400fa6914", "answers": [{"text": "fifteen hundred", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which actor portrayed Marco Sciarra?", "id": "56cddcae62d2951400fa6915", "answers": [{"text": "Alessandro Cremona", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Estrella was played by which actress?", "id": "56cddcae62d2951400fa6916", "answers": [{"text": "Stephanie Sigman", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the opening scene of Spectre filmed?", "id": "56cddcae62d2951400fa6917", "answers": [{"text": "February 2015", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the pre-title scene in Spectre filmed?", "id": "56cf45bcaab44d1400b88ef3", "answers": [{"text": "Mexico", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which country were the scenes with Detlef Bothe shot?", "id": "56cf45bcaab44d1400b88ef4", "answers": [{"text": "Austria.", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was cast as Marco Sciarra?", "id": "56cf45bcaab44d1400b88ef5", "answers": [{"text": "Alessandro Cremona", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What character did Stephanie Sigma portray?", "id": "56cf45bcaab44d1400b88ef6", "answers": [{"text": "Estrella", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cremona", "answer_start": 46}], "question": "Alessandro who was cast as Estrella?", "id": "5ad22be1d7d075001a428608", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Detlef Bothe", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "Who was cast as a hero for scenes set in Austria?", "id": "5ad22be1d7d075001a428609", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the pre-title sequence set in Mexico", "answer_start": 247}], "question": "Over one hundred extras were hired for what?", "id": "5ad22be1d7d075001a42860a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fifteen hundred", "answer_start": 209}], "question": "In February 2005, how many extras were hired for the pre-title sequence?", "id": "5ad22be1d7d075001a42860b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In addition to the principal cast, Alessandro Cremona was cast as Marco Sciarra, Stephanie Sigman was cast as Estrella, and Detlef Bothe was cast as a villain for scenes shot in Austria. In February 2015 over fifteen hundred extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico, though they were duplicated in the film, giving the effect of around ten thousand extras."}], ["Mendes mendedahkan bahawa pengeluaran akan bermula pada 8 Disember 2014 di Pinewood Studios, dengan penggambaran mengambil tujuh bulan. Mendes juga mengesahkan beberapa lokasi penggambaran, termasuk London, Mexico City dan Rom. Van Hoytema menembak filem itu pada stok filem Kodak 35 mm. Penggambaran awal berlaku di Pinewood Studios, dan di sekitar London, dengan pelbagai pemandangan yang menampilkan Craig dan Harris di flat Bond, dan Craig dan Kinnear mengembara ke Sungai Thames. <> Apakah tiga tapak yang digunakan untuk penggambaran Spectre? || London, Mexico City and Rome <> Filem macam mana yang digunakan untuk menembak filem? || Kodak 35 mm <> Di manakah pucuk awal untuk filem berlaku? || Pinewood Studios <> Berapa lama masa yang diperlukan untuk membuat filem Spectre? || tujuh bulan. <> Jenis filem apa yang digunakan? || Kodak 35 mm saham filem <> Dalam studio filem apakah beberapa filem ditembak? || Pinewood Studios <> Apa yang bermula pada Pinewood Studios pada 8 Disember 2004? || <> Apa yang mengambil masa lapan bulan untuk disiapkan? || <> Siapa yang menembak filem itu pada stok filem Kodak 45 mm? || <> Filem penggambaran kemudian berlaku di studio mana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What were three sites used for filming Spectre?", "id": "56cdddb862d2951400fa6924", "answers": [{"text": "London, Mexico City and Rome", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of film was used to shoot the movie?", "id": "56cdddb862d2951400fa6925", "answers": [{"text": "Kodak 35 mm", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did initial shoots for the film take place?", "id": "56cdddb862d2951400fa6926", "answers": [{"text": "Pinewood Studios", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did it take to film Spectre?", "id": "56cf4745aab44d1400b88f0b", "answers": [{"text": "seven months.", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of film was used?", "id": "56cf4745aab44d1400b88f0c", "answers": [{"text": "Kodak 35 mm film stock", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what film studio was some of the film shot?", "id": "56cf4745aab44d1400b88f0e", "answers": [{"text": "Pinewood Studios", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "production", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "What began at Pinewood Studios on 8 December 2004?", "id": "5ad22ce3d7d075001a428620", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "filming", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "What took eight months to complete?", "id": "5ad22ce3d7d075001a428621", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Van Hoytema", "answer_start": 207}], "question": "Who shot the film on Kodak 45 mm film stock?", "id": "5ad22ce3d7d075001a428622", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pinewood", "answer_start": 288}], "question": "Later filming took place at which studio?", "id": "5ad22ce3d7d075001a428623", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Mendes revealed that production would begin on 8 December 2014 at Pinewood Studios, with filming taking seven months. Mendes also confirmed several filming locations, including London, Mexico City and Rome. Van Hoytema shot the film on Kodak 35 mm film stock. Early filming took place at Pinewood Studios, and around London, with scenes variously featuring Craig and Harris at Bond's flat, and Craig and Kinnear travelling down the River Thames."}], ["Rujukan lebih lanjut mengenai bahan Fleming boleh didapati di seluruh filem; sebuah safehouse MI6 dipanggil \"Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques\", merujuk kepada cerita pendek \"The Hildebrand Rarity\" dari For Your Eyes Hanya koleksi cerita pendek. [rujukan?] Penyeksaan Bond oleh Blofeld mencerminkan penyeksaannya dengan watak tajuk Kingsley Novel penerusan Amis 'Colonel Sun. [rujukan?] <> Apakah nama lokasi dalam Specter yang menarik inspirasi dari cerita pendek Ian Fleming? || Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques <> Who wrote the book Colonel Sun? || Kingsley Amis <> Apa cerita pendek yang mengilhami nama Hildebrand Rarities dan Antik? || The Hildebrand Rarity <> \"The Hildebrand Rarity\" adalah dari apa koleksi cerita pendek? || Untuk Mata Anda Hanya <> Mana watak penyeksaan Bon? || Blofeld <> Apakah nama safehouse MI6 itu? || Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques <> Sebuah MI66 safehouse dipanggil apa? || <> Apa sebutan mengenai cerita panjang \"The Hildebrand Rarity\"? || <> Penyeksaan Blofeld oleh Bond mencerminkan apa? || <> Rujukan kepada bahannya tidak dapat dijumpai di mana-mana sahaja di dalam filem ini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of a location in Spectre which draws its inspiration from an Ian Fleming short story?", "id": "56cdda0062d2951400fa68fa", "answers": [{"text": "Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the book Colonel Sun?", "id": "56cdda0062d2951400fa68fb", "answers": [{"text": "Kingsley Amis", "answer_start": 334}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What short story inspired the name Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques?", "id": "56cdda0062d2951400fa68fc", "answers": [{"text": "The Hildebrand Rarity", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "\"The Hildebrand Rarity\"  is from what short story collection?", "id": "56cf3eabaab44d1400b88eda", "answers": [{"text": "For Your Eyes Only", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which character tortures Bond?", "id": "56cf3eabaab44d1400b88edb", "answers": [{"text": "Blofeld", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the MI6 safehouse?", "id": "56cf3eabaab44d1400b88edc", "answers": [{"text": "Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques", "answer_start": 103}], "question": "An MI66 safehouse is called what?", "id": "5ad22a18d7d075001a4285b6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques", "answer_start": 103}], "question": "What is a reference to the long story \"The Hildebrand Rarity\"?", "id": "5ad22a18d7d075001a4285b7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "his torture by the title character of Kingsley Amis' continuation novel Colonel Sun", "answer_start": 296}], "question": "Blofeld's torture by Bond reflects what?", "id": "5ad22a18d7d075001a4285b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Fleming's", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "References to whose material can not be found anywhere in the film?", "id": "5ad22a18d7d075001a4285b9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Further references to Fleming's material can be found throughout the film; an MI6 safehouse is called \"Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques\", a reference to the short story \"The Hildebrand Rarity\" from the For Your Eyes Only short story collection.[citation needed] Bond's torture by Blofeld mirrors his torture by the title character of Kingsley Amis' continuation novel Colonel Sun.[citation needed]"}], ["Pelakon utama diturunkan pada Disember 2014 di Peringkat 007 di Pinewood Studios. Daniel Craig kembali untuk penampilan keempatnya sebagai James Bond, manakala Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris dan Ben Whishaw menundukkan peranan mereka sebagai M, Eve Moneypenny dan Q masing-masing, yang telah ditubuhkan di Skyfall. Rory Kinnear juga menegaskan peranannya sebagai Bill Tanner dalam penampilan ketiga dalam siri ini. <> Bilakah pelakon-pelakon dalam Specter diumumkan? || Disember 2014 <> Pelakon mana yang menggambarkan M? || Ralph Fiennes <> Pelakon manakah yang menggambarkan Eve Moneypenny? || Naomie Harris <> Yang pelakon yang digambarkan Q? || Ben Whishaw <> Pelakon mana yang menggambarkan Bill Tanner? || Rory Kinnear <> Berapa kali Daniel Craig menggambarkan James Bond dalam filem? || empat <> Pelakon mana yang menggambarkan Bill Tanner? || Rory Kinnear <> Yang mana tiga pelakon menimbulkan peranan sokongan untuk Spectre? || Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris dan Ben Whishaw <> Apa yang diturunkan pada bulan Disember 2004? || <> Di manakah pelakon utama yang diturunkan pada bulan Disember 2004? || <> Siapa yang kembali untuk penampilan kedelapannya sebagai James Bond? || <> Ralph yang menanggung peranannya sebagai Bill Tanner? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When were the actors in Spectre announced?", "id": "56cdda5762d2951400fa6900", "answers": [{"text": "December 2014", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which actor portrayed M?", "id": "56cdda5762d2951400fa6901", "answers": [{"text": "Ralph Fiennes", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which actress portrayed Eve Moneypenny?", "id": "56cdda5762d2951400fa6902", "answers": [{"text": "Naomie Harris", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which actor portrayed Q?", "id": "56cdda5762d2951400fa6903", "answers": [{"text": "Ben Whishaw", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which actor portrayed Bill Tanner?", "id": "56cdda5762d2951400fa6904", "answers": [{"text": "Rory Kinnear", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times has Daniel Craig portrayed James Bond in films?", "id": "56cf4113aab44d1400b88ee0", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which actor portrays Bill Tanner?", "id": "56cf4113aab44d1400b88ee1", "answers": [{"text": "Rory Kinnear", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which three actors reprised supporting roles for Spectre?", "id": "56cf4113aab44d1400b88ee3", "answers": [{"text": "Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "main cast", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What was revealed in December 2004?", "id": "5ad22ad5d7d075001a4285e4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "007 Stage at Pinewood Studios", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "Where was the main cast revealed in December 2004?", "id": "5ad22ad5d7d075001a4285e5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Daniel Craig", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "Who returned for his eighth appearance as James Bond?", "id": "5ad22ad5d7d075001a4285e6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Fiennes", "answer_start": 157}], "question": "Ralph who reprised his role as Bill Tanner?", "id": "5ad22ad5d7d075001a4285e7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The main cast was revealed in December 2014 at the 007 Stage at Pinewood Studios. Daniel Craig returned for his fourth appearance as James Bond, while Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Q respectively, having been established in Skyfall. Rory Kinnear also reprised his role as Bill Tanner in his third appearance in the series."}], ["Pada bulan November 2014, Sony Pictures Entertainment disasarkan oleh penggodam yang mengeluarkan butiran e-mel sulit antara eksekutif Sony mengenai beberapa projek filem berprofil tinggi. Termasuk di dalamnya adalah beberapa memo yang berkaitan dengan penghasilan Hantu, yang mendakwa bahawa filem tersebut telah melebihi anggaran, memperincikan draf awal skrip yang ditulis oleh John Logan, dan menyatakan kekecewaan Sony dengan projek itu. Eon Productions kemudian mengeluarkan kenyataan yang mengesahkan kebocoran apa yang mereka panggil \"versi awal skrin\". <> Syarikat apa yang disasarkan oleh kebocoran maklumat syarikat? || Sony Pictures Entertainment <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab untuk kebocoran projek filem Sony? || penggodam <> Kerja penulis filem mana yang termasuk dalam kebocoran maklumat Spektrum? || John Logan <> Syarikat mana yang mengesahkan kandungan maklumat yang bocor? || Eon Productions <> Bilakah penggodam masuk ke sistem e-mel Sony Pictures? || November 2014 <> Siapa yang menulis draf skrip awal untuk Spektrum? || John Logan <> Apa syarikat mengesahkan bahawa versi awal skrip Khas telah dibocorkan? || Eon Productions <> Syarikat mana yang disasarkan oleh penggodam pada bulan November 2004? || <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan butiran e-mel sulit antara eksekutif ABC? || <> Filem apa yang ada di bawah anggaran? || <> Siapa yang tidak kecewa dengan projek Specter? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What company was targeted by leaks of company information?", "id": "56cdd8ba62d2951400fa68e8", "answers": [{"text": "Sony Pictures Entertainment", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was responsible for leaks of Sony movie projects?", "id": "56cdd8ba62d2951400fa68e9", "answers": [{"text": "hackers", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which film writer's work was included in leaks of Spectre information?", "id": "56cdd8ba62d2951400fa68ea", "answers": [{"text": "John Logan", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which company verified contents of the leaked information?", "id": "56cdd8ba62d2951400fa68eb", "answers": [{"text": "Eon Productions", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did hackers get into the Sony Pictures e-mail system?", "id": "56cf3cd2aab44d1400b88ec8", "answers": [{"text": "November 2014", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the early drafts of the script for Spectre?", "id": "56cf3cd2aab44d1400b88ec9", "answers": [{"text": "John Logan", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company confirmed that an early version of the Spectre script had been leaked?", "id": "56cf3cd2aab44d1400b88ecb", "answers": [{"text": "Eon Productions", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sony Pictures Entertainment", "answer_start": 18}], "question": "Which company was targeted by hackers in November 2004?", "id": "5ad228d2d7d075001a428574", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hackers", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "Who released details of confidential email between ABC executives?", "id": "5ad228d2d7d075001a428575", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 256}], "question": "What film was under budget?", "id": "5ad228d2d7d075001a428576", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sony", "answer_start": 18}], "question": "Who was not frustrated with the Spectre project?", "id": "5ad228d2d7d075001a428577", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In November 2014, Sony Pictures Entertainment was targeted by hackers who released details of confidential e-mails between Sony executives regarding several high-profile film projects. Included within these were several memos relating to the production of Spectre, claiming that the film was over budget, detailing early drafts of the script written by John Logan, and expressing Sony's frustration with the project. Eon Productions later issued a statement confirming the leak of what they called \"an early version of the screenplay\"."}], ["Penggambaran bermula di Austria pada bulan Disember 2014, dengan pengeluaran di kawasan sekitar S\u00f6lden-termasuk \u00d6tztal Glacier Road, gletser Rettenbach dan resort ski bersebelahan dan stesen kereta kabel-dan Obertilliach dan Lake Altaussee, sebelum berakhir pada bulan Februari 2015. Pemandangan yang difilemkan di Austria berpusat di Restoran Ice Q, yang berdiri di Hoffler Klinik fiksyen, sebuah klinik perubatan swasta di Pegunungan Alp Austria. Penggambaran termasuk adegan aksi yang menampilkan Defender Land Rover Bigfoot dan Range Rover Sport. Pengeluaran telah dihentikan sementara buat pertama kali oleh kecederaan kepada Craig, yang merenggut lututnya ketika menembak adegan pertarungan, dan kemudian oleh kemalangan yang melibatkan sebuah kenderaan penggambaran yang menyaksikan tiga anak kapal yang cedera, sekurang-kurangnya salah satu daripada mereka serius. <> Bilakah hantu memulakan pengeluaran di Austria? || Disember 2014 <> Bilakah filem penggambaran Austria dibuat? || Februari 2015 <> Lokasi apa yang menjadi tumpuan pengeluaran Austria pada spesimen? || Restoran Ice Q <> Apa bahagian badannya yang cair Craig? || lutut <> Apa bangunan yang digunakan dalam filem itu sebagai Hoffler Klinik? || Restoran A Q <> Di mana Hoffler Klinik sepatutnya berada? || Pegunungan Alpen Austria. <> Berhampiran glacier di Austria sedang penggambaran selesai? || Rettenbach glacier <> Penggambaran bermula di Australia ketika? || <> Pemandangan yang difilemkan di Australia berpusat pada apa? || <> Apa yang ada untuk Hoffler Klinik sebenar? || <> Hoffler Klinik fiksyen adalah perubatan awam apa? || <> Di mana Hoffler Klinik sebenar terletak? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Spectre begin production in Austria?", "id": "56cde1d962d2951400fa6954", "answers": [{"text": "December 2014", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Austrian filming of Spectre finish?", "id": "56cde1d962d2951400fa6955", "answers": [{"text": "February 2015", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What location was the focus of the Austrian leg of Spectre's production?", "id": "56cde1d962d2951400fa6956", "answers": [{"text": "Ice Q Restaurant", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of his body did Craig injure?", "id": "56cde1d962d2951400fa6958", "answers": [{"text": "knee", "answer_start": 600}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What building was used in the film as the Hoffler Klinik?", "id": "56cf4815aab44d1400b88f1b", "answers": [{"text": "Ice Q Restaurant", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Hoffler Klinik supposed to be located?", "id": "56cf4815aab44d1400b88f1c", "answers": [{"text": "Austrian Alps.", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Near what glacier in Austria was filming done?", "id": "56cf4815aab44d1400b88f1e", "answers": [{"text": "Rettenbach glacier", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December 2014", "answer_start": 30}], "question": "Filming started in Australia when?", "id": "5ad22d64d7d075001a42863c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ice Q Restaurant", "answer_start": 311}], "question": "Scenes filmed in Australia centered on what?", "id": "5ad22d64d7d075001a42863d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ice Q Restaurant", "answer_start": 311}], "question": "What stood in for the real Hoffler Klinik?", "id": "5ad22d64d7d075001a42863e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "clinic", "answer_start": 393}], "question": "The fictional Hoffler Klinik is a public medical what?", "id": "5ad22d64d7d075001a42863f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Austrian Alps", "answer_start": 407}], "question": "Where is the real Hoffler Klinik located?", "id": "5ad22d64d7d075001a428640", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Filming started in Austria in December 2014, with production taking in the area around S\u00f6lden\u2014including the \u00d6tztal Glacier Road, Rettenbach glacier and the adjacent ski resort and cable car station\u2014and Obertilliach and Lake Altaussee, before concluding in February 2015. Scenes filmed in Austria centred on the Ice Q Restaurant, standing in for the fictional Hoffler Klinik, a private medical clinic in the Austrian Alps. Filming included an action scene featuring a Land Rover Defender Bigfoot and a Range Rover Sport. Production was temporarily halted first by an injury to Craig, who sprained his knee whilst shooting a fight scene, and later by an accident involving a filming vehicle that saw three crew members injured, at least one of them seriously."}], ["Pada bulan Mac 2013, Mendes berkata beliau tidak akan kembali mengarahkan filem seterusnya dalam siri tersebut, yang kemudian dikenali sebagai Bond 24; dia kemudiannya menanya semula dan mengumumkan bahawa dia akan kembali, kerana dia mendapati skrip dan rancangan untuk masa depan jangka panjang francais menarik. Dalam mengarahkan Skyfall and Specter, Mendes menjadi pengarah pertama untuk mengawasi dua filem Bond berturut-turut sejak John Glen mengarahkan The Living Daylights dan Lisensi untuk Membunuh pada tahun 1987 dan 1989. Penulis Skyfall John Logan meneruskan peranannya penulis skrip, berkolaborasi dengan Neal Purvis dan Robert Wade , yang kembali untuk filem Bond keenam mereka. [N 4] Penulis Jez Butterworth juga bekerja di skrip, bersama Mendes dan Craig. Dennis Gassner kembali sebagai pereka pengeluaran filem, sementara sinematografer Hoyte van Hoytema mengambil alih dari Roger Deakins. Pada Julai 2015, Mendes menyatakan bahawa krew gabungan Spectre berjumlah lebih dari seribu, menjadikannya pengeluaran yang lebih besar daripada Skyfall. Craig disenaraikan sebagai pengeluar bersama. <> Siapa orang terakhir yang mengarahkan dua filem James Bond berturut-turut sebelum Mendes? || John Glen <> Siapa yang berkhidmat sebagai pereka pengeluaran untuk Spectre? || Dennis Gassner <> Siapa yang Hoyte van Hoytema menggantikan sebagai ahli sinematografi? || Roger Deakins <> Yang dua filem Bond berturut-turut mendesak Mendes? || Skyfall and Specter <> Filem mana yang mempunyai kakitangan pengeluaran yang lebih besar, Spektrum atau Skyfall? || Hantu <> Yang filem Bond adalah Daniel Craig disenaraikan sebagai pengeluar bersama? || Spektrum <> Siapa yang mengarahkan Lampiran Hidup dan Lesen Membunuh? || John Glen <> Neal Purvis dan Robert Wade telah bekerja pada berapa banyak filem Bond? || enam <> Siapa kata dia akan kembali ke arah Bond 24 pada bulan Mac 2013? || <> Siapa yang tidak menemui masa depan jangka panjang francais yang menarik? || <> Siapa yang menjadi pengarah pertama untuk mengawasi tiga filem Bond berturut-turut? || <> Krew gabungan filem apa yang berjumlah lebih daripada tiga ribu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the last person to direct two James Bond movies in a row before Mendes?", "id": "56cddd4562d2951400fa691e", "answers": [{"text": "John Glen", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who served as production designer for Spectre?", "id": "56cddd4562d2951400fa691f", "answers": [{"text": "Dennis Gassner", "answer_start": 676}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Hoyte van Hoytema replace as cinematographer?", "id": "56cddd4562d2951400fa6920", "answers": [{"text": "Roger Deakins", "answer_start": 790}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two consecutive Bond films did Mendes direct?", "id": "56cf469eaab44d1400b88efc", "answers": [{"text": "Skyfall and Spectre", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which film had a larger production staff, Spectre or Skyfall?", "id": "56cf469eaab44d1400b88efd", "answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Bond film is Daniel Craig listed as a co-producer?", "id": "56cf469eaab44d1400b88efe", "answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who directed The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill?", "id": "56cf469eaab44d1400b88eff", "answers": [{"text": "John Glen", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Neal Purvis and Robert Wade have worked on how many Bond films?", "id": "56cf469eaab44d1400b88f00", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 572}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mendes", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "Who said he would return to direct Bond 24 in March 2013?", "id": "5ad22c77d7d075001a428610", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mendes", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "Who did not find the long-term future of the franchise appealing?", "id": "5ad22c77d7d075001a428611", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mendes", "answer_start": 286}], "question": "Who became the first director to oversee three consecutive Bond films?", "id": "5ad22c77d7d075001a428612", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 857}], "question": "The combined crew of what movie numbered over three thousand?", "id": "5ad22c77d7d075001a428613", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In March 2013 Mendes said he would not return to direct the next film in the series, then known as Bond 24; he later recanted and announced that he would return, as he found the script and the plans for the long-term future of the franchise appealing. In directing Skyfall and Spectre, Mendes became the first director to oversee two consecutive Bond films since John Glen directed The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill in 1987 and 1989. Skyfall writer John Logan resumed his role of scriptwriter, collaborating with Neal Purvis and Robert Wade, who returned for their sixth Bond film.[N 4] The writer Jez Butterworth also worked on the script, alongside Mendes and Craig. Dennis Gassner returned as the film's production designer, while cinematographer Hoyte van Hoytema took over from Roger Deakins. In July 2015 Mendes noted that the combined crew of Spectre numbered over one thousand, making it a larger production than Skyfall. Craig is listed as co-producer."}], ["Christoph Waltz telah dilakonkan dalam peranan Franz Oberhauser, walaupun dia enggan mengulas tentang sifat bahagian itu. Ia kemudiannya diturunkan dengan pelepasan filem bahawa dia adalah Ernst Stavro Blofeld. Dave Bautista telah dibuang sebagai Encik Hinx selepas pengeluar mencari seorang pelakon dengan latar belakang dalam hubungan sukan. Selepas mencuba B\u00e9r\u00e9nice Lim Marlohe, pendatang baru, sebagai S\u00e9v\u00e9rine di Skyfall, Mendes secara sedar mencari seorang pelakon yang lebih berpengalaman untuk peranan Madeleine Swann, akhirnya melontarkan L\u00e9a Seydoux dalam peranannya. Monica Bellucci menyertai pelakon itu sebagai Lucia Sciarra, menjadi, pada usia lima puluh, pelakon tertua akan dilemparkan sebagai gadis Bond. Dalam satu wawancara yang berasingan dengan laman web Denmark Euroman, Jesper Christensen mendedahkan beliau akan bertindak sebagai peranannya sebagai Encik White dari Casino Royale dan Quantum of Solace. Watak Christensen dilaporkan terbunuh dalam adegan yang bertujuan untuk digunakan sebagai epilog kepada Quantum of Solace, sebelum ia dipindahkan dari potongan terakhir filem itu, membolehkannya kembali dalam Specter. <> Siapa yang Christoph Waltz menggambarkan dalam Specter? || Franz Oberhauser <> Apa nama lain Franz Oberhauser? || Ernst Stavro Blofeld <> Siapa yang bermain Severine dalam filem Bond sebelumnya? || B\u00e9r\u00e9nice Lim Marlohe <> Dalam filem apa yang Encik White sepatutnya mati? || Quantum of Solace <> Berapa lamakah Monica Bellucci ketika dia memfilter Spectre? || Lima puluh <> Pelakon mana yang dilakonkan dalam peranan Severine di Skyfall? || B\u00e9r\u00e9nice Lim Marlohe <> Dalam filem apakah yang asalnya merancang untuk membunuh watak Encik White? || Kuantum ketenangan. <> Siapa mengulas sifat Franz Oberhauser? || <> Christoph yang dibuang sebagai Encik Hinx? || <> Siapa yang mahu seorang pelakon berpengalaman untuk peranan Madeleine Swann? || <> Siapa pelakon termuda untuk menjadi budak Bond? || <> Siapa yang tidak akan memungkiri peranannya sebagai Encik White? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Christoph Waltz portray in Spectre?", "id": "56cddc2a62d2951400fa690a", "answers": [{"text": "Franz Oberhauser", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Franz Oberhauser's other name?", "id": "56cddc2a62d2951400fa690b", "answers": [{"text": "Ernst Stavro Blofeld", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who played Severine in the previous Bond film?", "id": "56cddc2a62d2951400fa690c", "answers": [{"text": "B\u00e9r\u00e9nice Lim Marlohe", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what movie was Mr. White originally supposed to die?", "id": "56cddc2a62d2951400fa690d", "answers": [{"text": "Quantum of Solace", "answer_start": 785}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old was Monica Bellucci when she filmed Spectre?", "id": "56cddc2a62d2951400fa690e", "answers": [{"text": "fifty", "answer_start": 584}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which actress was cast in the role of Severine in Skyfall?", "id": "56cf44e7aab44d1400b88ee9", "answers": [{"text": "B\u00e9r\u00e9nice Lim Marlohe", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what movie was it originally planned to kill the character Mr. White?", "id": "56cf44e7aab44d1400b88eeb", "answers": [{"text": "Quantum of Solace.", "answer_start": 785}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christoph Waltz", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who commented on the nature of Franz Oberhauser?", "id": "5ad22b6bd7d075001a4285f6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Waltz", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "Christoph who was cast as Mr. Hinx?", "id": "5ad22b6bd7d075001a4285f7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mendes", "answer_start": 378}], "question": "Who wanted an inexperienced actor for the role of Madeleine Swann?", "id": "5ad22b6bd7d075001a4285f8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Monica Bellucci", "answer_start": 510}], "question": "Who was the youngest actress to be a Bond girl?", "id": "5ad22b6bd7d075001a4285f9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jesper Christensen", "answer_start": 690}], "question": "Who would not be reprising his role as Mr. White?", "id": "5ad22b6bd7d075001a4285fa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Christoph Waltz was cast in the role of Franz Oberhauser, though he refused to comment on the nature of the part. It was later revealed with the film's release that he is Ernst Stavro Blofeld. Dave Bautista was cast as Mr. Hinx after producers sought an actor with a background in contact sports. After casting B\u00e9r\u00e9nice Lim Marlohe, a relative newcomer, as S\u00e9v\u00e9rine in Skyfall, Mendes consciously sought out a more experienced actor for the role of Madeleine Swann, ultimately casting L\u00e9a Seydoux in the role. Monica Bellucci joined the cast as Lucia Sciarra, becoming, at the age of fifty, the oldest actress to be cast as a Bond girl. In a separate interview with Danish website Euroman, Jesper Christensen revealed he would be reprising his role as Mr. White from Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace. Christensen's character was reportedly killed off in a scene intended to be used as an epilogue to Quantum of Solace, before it was removed from the final cut of the film, enabling his return in Spectre."}], ["Walaupun terdapat kisah yang asal, Rusa mengeluarkan bahan sumber Ian Fleming, terutamanya dalam watak Franz Oberhauser, dimainkan oleh Christoph Waltz. Oberhauser berkongsi namanya dengan Hannes Oberhauser, watak latar belakang dalam cerita pendek \"Octopussy\" dari koleksi Octopussy dan The Living Daylights, dan yang dinamakan dalam filem itu sebagai penjaga undang-undang sementara seorang Bond muda pada tahun 1983. Begitu juga, Bondi Charmian ditunjukkan sebagai penjaga sepenuh masa, memerhatikan cerita belakang yang ditubuhkan oleh Fleming. Dengan pengambilalihan hak untuk Spectre dan watak-wataknya yang berkaitan, penanda skrip Neal Purvis dan Robert Wade mendedahkan bahawa filem itu akan memberikan pertunjukan kecil kepada kesinambungan filem-filem sebelumnya, dengan organisasi Quantum yang dirujuk di Casino Royale dan diperkenalkan dalam Kuantum Solace dibahagikan semula sebagai satu bahagian dalam Specter dan bukan sebuah organisasi bebas. <> Yang mana pelakon yang digambarkan Franz Oberhauser? || Christoph Waltz <> Pada tahun apakah Hannes Oberhauser dikenalpasti sebagai penjaga James Bond? || 1983 <> Siapakah penulis spektrum? || Neal Purvis dan Robert Wade <> Kumpulan mana dalam filem Bond terdahulu ditukar menjadi sebahagian daripada Spektrum bukannya entiti sendiri? || Kuantum <> Apakah nama cerita pendek di mana Hannes Oberhauser muncul? || Octopussy <> Siapa penjaga sepenuh masa Bond? || Bond Charmian <> Di mana cerita Bond menamakan Oberhauser pertama? || Octopussy <> Apa pelakon yang digambarkan Franz Oberhauser? || Christoph Waltz. <> Di mana filem itu adalah organisasi Quantum yang pertama kali diperkenalkan? || Quantum of Solace <> Kuantum adalah bahagian dari organisasi lain? || Hantu <> Apa yang dianggap kisah peniru? || <> Siapa yang mempunyai hak penjagaan undang-undang tetap pada tahun 1983? || <> Produser Neal Purvis mendedahkan bahawa filem itu akan memberikan apa? || <> Apa yang dirujuk di Casino Royale? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which actor portrayed Franz Oberhauser?", "id": "56cdd97f62d2951400fa68f0", "answers": [{"text": "Christoph Waltz", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Hannes Oberhauser identified as a guardian of James Bond?", "id": "56cdd97f62d2951400fa68f1", "answers": [{"text": "1983", "answer_start": 410}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were the writers of Spectre?", "id": "56cdd97f62d2951400fa68f2", "answers": [{"text": "Neal Purvis and Robert Wade", "answer_start": 627}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which group in previous Bond films was changed to be a part of Spectre instead of its own entity?", "id": "56cdd97f62d2951400fa68f3", "answers": [{"text": "Quantum", "answer_start": 757}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the short story in which Hannes Oberhauser appeared?", "id": "56cdd97f62d2951400fa68f4", "answers": [{"text": "Octopussy", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Bond's full time guardian?", "id": "56cf3e29aab44d1400b88ed0", "answers": [{"text": "Charmian Bond", "answer_start": 427}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which Bond story did the name Oberhauser first appear?", "id": "56cf3e29aab44d1400b88ed1", "answers": [{"text": "Octopussy", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What actor portrayed Franz Oberhauser?", "id": "56cf3e29aab44d1400b88ed2", "answers": [{"text": "Christoph Waltz.", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which movie was the Quantum organization first introduced?", "id": "56cf3e29aab44d1400b88ed3", "answers": [{"text": "Quantum of Solace", "answer_start": 824}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Quantum is a division of what other organization? ", "id": "56cf3e29aab44d1400b88ed4", "answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "What was considered a copycat story?", "id": "5ad2299ed7d075001a42859a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hannes Oberhauser", "answer_start": 191}], "question": "Who has permanent legal custody of Bond in 1983?", "id": "5ad2299ed7d075001a42859b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a minor retcon to the continuity of the previous films", "answer_start": 692}], "question": "Producer Neal Purvis revealed that the film would provide what?", "id": "5ad2299ed7d075001a42859c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Quantum organisation", "answer_start": 753}], "question": "What is alluded to in Royale Casino?", "id": "5ad2299ed7d075001a42859d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Despite being an original story, Spectre draws on Ian Fleming's source material, most notably in the character of Franz Oberhauser, played by Christoph Waltz. Oberhauser shares his name with Hannes Oberhauser, a background character in the short story \"Octopussy\" from the Octopussy and The Living Daylights collection, and who is named in the film as having been a temporary legal guardian of a young Bond in 1983. Similarly, Charmian Bond is shown to have been his full-time guardian, observing the back story established by Fleming. With the acquisition of the rights to Spectre and its associated characters, screenwriters Neal Purvis and Robert Wade revealed that the film would provide a minor retcon to the continuity of the previous films, with the Quantum organisation alluded to in Casino Royale and introduced in Quantum of Solace reimagined as a division within Spectre rather than an independent organisation."}], ["Penggambaran buat sementara waktu kembali ke England untuk menembak adegan di Blenheim Palace di Oxfordshire, yang berdiri di lokasi di Rom, sebelum berpindah ke bandar itu sendiri untuk menembak lima minggu di seluruh bandar, dengan lokasi termasuk jambatan Ponte Sisto dan Rom Forum. Pengeluaran yang dihadapi oleh pembangkang dari pelbagai kumpulan kepentingan khas dan pihak berkuasa kota, yang prihatin tentang potensi kerusakan di tapak bersejarah di sekitar kota, dan masalah dengan grafiti dan sampah yang muncul dalam filem itu. Satu adegan mengejar kereta yang terletak di sepanjang tebing Sungai Tiber dan melalui jalan-jalan di Rom menampilkan Aston Martin DB10 dan Jaguar C-X75. C-X75 pada asalnya dibangunkan sebagai kenderaan elektrik hibrid dengan empat enjin elektrik bebas yang dikuasakan oleh dua turbin jet, sebelum projek itu dibatalkan. Versi yang digunakan untuk penggambaran ditukarkan menggunakan enjin pembakaran dalaman konvensional, untuk meminimumkan potensi gangguan dari masalah mekanik dengan sistem hibrid kompleks. C-X75s yang digunakan untuk penggambaran telah dibangunkan oleh bahagian kejuruteraan pasukan lumba Formula One Williams, yang membina prototaip C-X75 asal untuk Jaguar. <> Apakah dua tanda tempat di Rom yang digunakan dalam penggambaran Specter? || Jambatan Ponte Sisto dan Roman Forum <> Kumpulan mana yang bertanggungjawab untuk C-X75 yang dipaparkan dalam Specter? || Williams <> Untuk pembuat kereta apakah Williams mula-mula membangunkan C-X75? || Jaguar <> Berapa banyak mesin yang ada pada asalnya C-X75? || empat <> Di mana di England adegan ditembak yang mewakili lokasi di Rom? || Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire <> Apa jambatan di Rom adalah lokasi penggambaran? || jembatan Ponte Sisto <> Apa dua kereta yang dipaparkan dalam pemandangan mengejar di sepanjang tebing Sungai Tiber? || Aston Martin DB10 dan Jaguar C-X75 <> Pasukan perlumbaan Formula One mana yang membangunkan C-X75 yang digunakan untuk penggambaran. || Williams <> Apa syarikat pasukan Williams Formula One yang asalnya membina prototaip C-X75 untuk? || Jaguar. <> Pengeluaran menghadapi sokongan dari pelbagai kumpulan apa? || <> Pengeluaran menghadapi sokongan dari pelbagai pihak berkuasa? || <> Kemalangan kereta telah ditetapkan di mana sungai itu? || <> Apa istana di Perancis digunakan untuk penggambaran? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are two landmarks in Rome used in filming Spectre?", "id": "56cde39b62d2951400fa697c", "answers": [{"text": "Ponte Sisto bridge and the Roman Forum", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which group was responsible for the C-X75s featured in Spectre?", "id": "56cde39b62d2951400fa697e", "answers": [{"text": "Williams", "answer_start": 1113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For which auto maker did Williams first develop the C-X75?", "id": "56cde39b62d2951400fa697f", "answers": [{"text": "Jaguar", "answer_start": 644}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many engines did the C-X75 originally have?", "id": "56cde39b62d2951400fa6980", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 727}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where in England were scenes shot that represented a location in Rome?", "id": "56cf4925aab44d1400b88f38", "answers": [{"text": "Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What bridge in Rome was a filming location?", "id": "56cf4925aab44d1400b88f39", "answers": [{"text": "the Ponte Sisto bridge", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two cars were featured in a chase scene along the banks of the Tiber River?", "id": "56cf4925aab44d1400b88f3a", "answers": [{"text": "Aston Martin DB10 and a Jaguar C-X75", "answer_start": 620}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Formula One racing team developed the C-X75's used for filming.", "id": "56cf4925aab44d1400b88f3b", "answers": [{"text": "Williams", "answer_start": 1113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company did the Williams Formula One team originally build the C-X75 prototype for?", "id": "56cf4925aab44d1400b88f3c", "answers": [{"text": "Jaguar.", "answer_start": 1166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "special interest", "answer_start": 324}], "question": "The production faced support from a variety of what groups?", "id": "5ad22fe9d7d075001a4286a4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "city", "answer_start": 352}], "question": "The production faced support from a variety of what authorities?", "id": "5ad22fe9d7d075001a4286a5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tiber", "answer_start": 564}], "question": "A car crash was set along which river?", "id": "5ad22fe9d7d075001a4286a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Blenheim", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "What palace in France was used for filming?", "id": "5ad22fe9d7d075001a4286a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Filming temporarily returned to England to shoot scenes at Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, which stood in for a location in Rome, before moving on to the city itself for a five-week shoot across the city, with locations including the Ponte Sisto bridge and the Roman Forum. The production faced opposition from a variety of special interest groups and city authorities, who were concerned about the potential for damage to historical sites around the city, and problems with graffiti and rubbish appearing in the film. A car chase scene set along the banks of the Tiber River and through the streets of Rome featured an Aston Martin DB10 and a Jaguar C-X75. The C-X75 was originally developed as a hybrid electric vehicle with four independent electric engines powered by two jet turbines, before the project was cancelled. The version used for filming was converted to use a conventional internal combustion engine, to minimise the potential for disruption from mechanical problems with the complex hybrid system. The C-X75s used for filming were developed by the engineering division of Formula One racing team Williams, who built the original C-X75 prototype for Jaguar."}], ["Untuk mempromosikan filem itu, pengeluaran terus berlanjutan yang ditubuhkan semasa pengeluaran Skyfall melepaskan imej pegun claperboard dan blog video pada akaun media sosial rasmi Eon. <> Imej-imej barang yang dihantar oleh Eon ketika filem sedang dibuat? || clapperboards <> Untuk filem apa yang Eon mula-mula menggunakan kaedah promosi ini? || Skyfall <> Di mana akaun media sosial adalah filem yang dipromosikan? || Akaun media sosial rasmi Eon. <> Apa lagi filem Bond yang dipromosikan di media sosial? || Skyfall <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan imej bergerak untuk mempromosikan filem itu? || <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan gambar masih papan induk untuk mempromosikan filem itu? || <> Di mana akaun media sosial tidak rasmi membuat pengeluaran mempromosikan filem itu? || <> Pengeluaran pengeluaran blog teks untuk melakukan apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Images of what item were posted by Eon while the movie was being made?", "id": "56cee5f0aab44d1400b88c2d", "answers": [{"text": "clapperboards", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what film did Eon first use this method of promotion?", "id": "56cee5f0aab44d1400b88c2e", "answers": [{"text": "Skyfall", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On which social media accounts was the film promoted?", "id": "56cf578aaab44d1400b89084", "answers": [{"text": "Eon's official social media accounts.", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other Bond film was promoted on social media?", "id": "56cf578aaab44d1400b89085", "answers": [{"text": "Skyfall", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "production", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "Who released moving images to promote the film?", "id": "5ad241d7d7d075001a428982", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "production", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "Who released still images of motherboards to promote the film?", "id": "5ad241d7d7d075001a428983", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Eon's", "answer_start": 154}], "question": "On whose unofficial social media account did production promote the film?", "id": "5ad241d7d7d075001a428984", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "promote the film", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "Production released text blogs to do what?", "id": "5ad241d7d7d075001a428985", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "To promote the film, production continued the trend established during Skyfall's production of releasing still images of clapperboards and video blogs on Eon's official social media accounts."}], ["Pada bulan September 2015 diumumkan bahawa Sam Smith dan kolaborator biasa Jimmy Napes telah menulis tema tajuk filem \"Writing on the Wall\", dengan Smith melaksanakannya untuk filem itu. Smith berkata lagu itu bersama dalam satu sesi dan bahawa dia dan Napes menulis di bawah setengah jam sebelum merakamkan demo. Puas dengan kualiti, demo digunakan dalam siaran akhir. <> Apakah nama lagu yang dimainkan semasa kredit pembukaan? || Penulisan di Dinding <> Berapa banyak sesi rakaman yang diambil untuk menyiapkan lagu? || satu <> Versi mana tema yang digunakan dalam filem sebenar? || demo <> Siapakah vokalis pada tulisan di atas dinding? || Sam Smith <> Apa yang diumumkan pada bulan September 2005? || <> Jimmy Naples melakukan apa untuk filem itu? || <> Siapa yang mengatakan bahawa lagu tersebut bersama dalam dua sesi? || <> Siapa yang menulis lagu itu di bawah lima belas minit? || <> Apa yang tidak digunakan dalam siaran terakhir? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the song played during the opening credits?", "id": "56ceddd1aab44d1400b88b58", "answers": [{"text": "Writing's on the Wall", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many recording sessions did it take to complete the song?", "id": "56ceddd1aab44d1400b88b59", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which version of the theme was used in the actual movie?", "id": "56ceddd1aab44d1400b88b5a", "answers": [{"text": "demo", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the vocalist on Writing's on the Wall?", "id": "56cf55adaab44d1400b8902a", "answers": [{"text": "Sam Smith", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sam Smith and regular collaborator Jimmy Napes had written the film's title theme", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "What was announced in September 2005?", "id": "5ad2407bd7d075001a428936", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "theme", "answer_start": 116}], "question": "Jimmy Naples performed what for the film?", "id": "5ad2407bd7d075001a428937", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sam Smith", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "Who said that the song came together in two sessions?", "id": "5ad2407bd7d075001a428938", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sam Smith and regular collaborator Jimmy Napes", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "Who wrote the song in under fifteen minutes?", "id": "5ad2407bd7d075001a428939", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "demo", "answer_start": 346}], "question": "What was not used in the final release?", "id": "5ad2407bd7d075001a42893a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In September 2015 it was announced that Sam Smith and regular collaborator Jimmy Napes had written the film's title theme, \"Writing's on the Wall\", with Smith performing it for the film. Smith said the song came together in one session and that he and Napes wrote it in under half an hour before recording a demo. Satisfied with the quality, the demo was used in the final release."}], ["Berikutan penggambaran di Mexico, dan semasa rehat yang dijadualkan, Craig diterbangkan ke New York untuk menjalani pembedahan kecil untuk memperbaiki kecederaan lututnya. Dilaporkan bahawa penggambaran tidak terjejas dan dia kembali ke penggambaran di Pinewood Studios seperti yang dirancang pada 22 April. <> Di mana Craig pergi berurusan dengan kecederaannya? || New York <> Bilakah Craig kembali bekerja? || 22 April <> Di mana bandar apakah Daniel Craig mempunyai pembedahan kecil untuk memperbaiki lututnya? || New York <> Siapa yang diterbangkan ke New Mexico untuk menjalani pembedahan kecil? || <> Craig menjalani pembedahan besar di bandar apa? || <> Penggambaran dipengaruhi oleh pembedahannya? || <> Siapa yang menjalani pembedahan kecil untuk membaiki lengannya? || <> Siapa yang kembali ke penggambaran pada 12 April? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did Craig go to deal with his injury?", "id": "56cdf52c62d2951400fa69ca", "answers": [{"text": "New York", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Craig go back to work?", "id": "56cdf52c62d2951400fa69cb", "answers": [{"text": "22 April", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city did Daniel Craig have minor surgery to repair his knee?", "id": "56cf4a71aab44d1400b88f5e", "answers": [{"text": "New York", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Craig", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "Who was flown to New Mexico to undergo minor surgery?", "id": "5ad230ebd7d075001a4286ee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "New York", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "Craig underwent major surgery in what city?", "id": "5ad230ebd7d075001a4286ef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Craig", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "Filming was affected by whose surgery?", "id": "5ad230ebd7d075001a4286f0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Craig", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "Who underwent minor surgery to fix his arm?", "id": "5ad230ebd7d075001a4286f1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Craig", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "Who returned to filming on 12 April?", "id": "5ad230ebd7d075001a4286f2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Following filming in Mexico, and during a scheduled break, Craig was flown to New York to undergo minor surgery to fix his knee injury. It was reported that filming was not affected and he had returned to filming at Pinewood Studios as planned on 22 April."}], ["Thomas Newman kembali sebagai komposer Speker. Daripada mencipta skor sebaik sahaja filem itu telah dipindahkan ke pasca produksi, Newman bekerja semasa penggambaran. Treler teater yang dikeluarkan pada bulan Julai 2015 mengandungi tema John Barry's On The Secret Service Rahsia. Mendes mendedahkan bahawa filem akhir akan mempunyai lebih daripada satu ratus minit muzik. Album lagu ini dikeluarkan pada 23 Oktober 2015 di UK dan 6 November 2015 di Amerika Syarikat pada label Decca Records. <> Siapa yang menulis muzik untuk Spectre? || Thomas Newman <> Bilakah soundtrack Specter yang pertama kali tersedia untuk pembelian di UK? || 23 Oktober 2015 <> Apa syarikat menerbitkan soundtrack Spektrum? || Decca Records <> Siapa yang membuat skor untuk filem itu? || Thomas Newman <> Rekod yang manakah album lagu yang dikeluarkan? || Decca Records <> Adakah Thomas Newman mengarang skor selepas penggambaran atau semasa penggambaran? || semasa penggambaran. <> Bilakah treler tarian teater itu dibebaskan? || Julai 2015 <> Newman Thomas adalah hantu apa? || <> Siapa yang membuat skor selepas filem itu telah dipindahkan ke pasca pengeluaran? || <> Treler apa yang dikeluarkan pada bulan Julai 2016? || <> Filem mana yang mempunyai lebih daripada dua ratus minit muzik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who wrote the music for Spectre?", "id": "56cedd47aab44d1400b88b47", "answers": [{"text": "Thomas Newman", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the soundtrack of Spectre first available for purchase in the UK?", "id": "56cedd47aab44d1400b88b48", "answers": [{"text": "23 October 2015", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company published the Spectre soundtrack?", "id": "56cedd47aab44d1400b88b49", "answers": [{"text": "Decca Records", "answer_start": 464}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who composed the score for the film?", "id": "56cf54f0aab44d1400b89014", "answers": [{"text": "Thomas Newman", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which record label was the soundtrack album released on?", "id": "56cf54f0aab44d1400b89015", "answers": [{"text": "Decca Records", "answer_start": 464}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Did Thomas Newman compose the score after filming or during filming?", "id": "56cf54f0aab44d1400b89016", "answers": [{"text": "during filming.", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the theatrical trailer of the movie released?", "id": "56cf54f0aab44d1400b89017", "answers": [{"text": "July 2015", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "composer", "answer_start": 36}], "question": "Newman Thomas was Spectre's what?", "id": "5ad24014d7d075001a428910", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Thomas Newman", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who composed the score after the film had moved into post-production?", "id": "5ad24014d7d075001a428911", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "theatrical", "answer_start": 158}], "question": "What trailer was released in July 2016?", "id": "5ad24014d7d075001a428912", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre's", "answer_start": 26}], "question": "Which film has more than two hundred minutes of music?", "id": "5ad24014d7d075001a428913", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Thomas Newman returned as Spectre's composer. Rather than composing the score once the film had moved into post-production, Newman worked during filming. The theatrical trailer released in July 2015 contained a rendition of John Barry's On Her Majesty's Secret Service theme. Mendes revealed that the final film would have more than one hundred minutes of music. The soundtrack album was released on 23 October 2015 in the UK and 6 November 2015 in the USA on the Decca Records label."}], ["Lagu ini dikeluarkan sebagai muat turun digital pada 25 September 2015. Ia menerima ulasan bercampur-campur dari pengkritik dan peminat, terutamanya berbanding dengan \"Skyfall\" Adele. Sambutan yang bercampur-campur ke lagu itu membawa kepada tren Shirley Bassey di Twitter pada hari ia dibebaskan. Ia menjadi tema Bond pertama untuk mencapai nombor satu dalam Carta Singles UK. Radiohead England juga menyusun lagu untuk filem itu, yang tidak digunakan. <> Kapan tema utama Hantu dibuat dalam format digital? || 25 September 2015 <> Lagu apa tema hantu yang dibeli dengan tidak baik? || Skyfall <> Apa yang dahulu penyanyi tema Bond adalah subjek aktiviti yang luas di Twitter apabila tema Spek dikeluarkan? || Shirley Bassey <> Apa kelompok menulis muzik untuk filem yang akhirnya tidak digunakan? || Radiohead <> Artis mana yang membuat lagu tema untuk Skyfall? || Adele <> Pelepasan Penulisan di Dinding menyebabkan apa yang menjadi trend di Twitter? || Shirley Bassey <> Bahasa Inggeris band mana yang juga menyusun lagu untuk filem ini? || Radiohead <> Apa yang dikeluarkan sebagai muat turun digital pada 15 September 2015? || <> Apa yang menerima semua tinjauan positif daripada pengkritik? || <> Siapa yang tidak mengarah pada Twitter hari lagu itu dibebaskan? || <> Apa yang menjadi tema Bond kedua untuk mencapai nombor satu dalam Carta Singles UK? || <> Radiohead terdiri daripada apa yang digunakan dalam filem itu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the main theme of Spectre made available in digital format?", "id": "56cedf84aab44d1400b88ba3", "answers": [{"text": "25 September 2015", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song was the Spectre theme comapred to unfavorably?", "id": "56cedf84aab44d1400b88ba4", "answers": [{"text": "Skyfall", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What former Bond theme singer was the subject of extensive activity on Twitter when the Spectre theme was released?", "id": "56cedf84aab44d1400b88ba5", "answers": [{"text": "Shirley Bassey", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group wrote music for the film that ended up not being used?", "id": "56cedf84aab44d1400b88ba6", "answers": [{"text": "Radiohead", "answer_start": 359}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What artist performed the theme song for Skyfall?", "id": "56cf5674aab44d1400b8904c", "answers": [{"text": "Adele", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The release of Writing's on the Wall caused what name to trend on Twitter?", "id": "56cf5674aab44d1400b8904f", "answers": [{"text": "Shirley Bassey", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which English band also composed a song for the film?", "id": "56cf5674aab44d1400b89050", "answers": [{"text": "Radiohead", "answer_start": 359}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "song", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What was released as a digital download on 15 September 2015?", "id": "5ad24104d7d075001a42894a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "song", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What received all positive reviews from critics?", "id": "5ad24104d7d075001a42894b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Shirley Bassey", "answer_start": 203}], "question": "Who was not trending on Twitter the day the song was released?", "id": "5ad24104d7d075001a42894c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "song", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What became the second Bond theme to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart?", "id": "5ad24104d7d075001a42894d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "song", "answer_start": 385}], "question": "Radiohead composed what which was used in the film?", "id": "5ad24104d7d075001a42894e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The song was released as a digital download on 25 September 2015. It received mixed reviews from critics and fans, particularly in comparison to Adele's \"Skyfall\". The mixed reception to the song led to Shirley Bassey trending on Twitter on the day it was released. It became the first Bond theme to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart. The English band Radiohead also composed a song for the film, which went unused."}], ["Semasa sidang akhbar Disember 2014 mengumumkan permulaan penggambaran, Aston Martin dan Eon melancarkan DB10 baru sebagai kereta rasmi untuk filem itu. DB10 direka bentuk dengan kerjasama antara Aston Martin dan pembuat filem, dengan hanya 10 yang dihasilkan terutamanya untuk Spectre sebagai sambutan ulang tahun ke-50 persatuan syarikat dengan francais itu. Hanya lapan daripada 10 yang digunakan untuk filem ini, bagaimanapun; baki dua digunakan untuk kerja promosi. Selepas memodifikasi Jaguar C-X75 untuk filem itu, Williams F1 membawa logo 007 pada kereta mereka pada 2015 Grand Prix Mexico, dengan pasukan yang menjadi tuan rumah kepada pelakon dan krew di hadapan perdana filem Mexico itu. <> Syarikat manakah yang mendedahkan kereta rasmi Spectre? || Aston Martin dan Eon <> Berapa banyak DB10 dibuat untuk filem ini? || 10 <> Pasukan manakah yang memaparkan logo Bond semasa Grand Prix Mexico? || Williams F1 <> Apakah dua DB10 yang tidak diperlukan untuk penggambaran yang digunakan? || kerja promosi <> Berapa banyak DB10 dihasilkan? || 10 <> Apakah logo yang dimiliki oleh pasukan perlumbaan Williams pada kereta mereka untuk 2015 Grand Prix Mexico? || 007 <> Persidangan akhbar mengumumkan permulaan penggambaran pada bulan Oktober tahun berapa? || <> Honda adalah kereta rasmi apa? || <> Aston Martin hanya mengeluarkan 20 daripada apa untuk filem itu? || <> Kereta tidak rasmi filem itu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which companies revealed Spectre's official car?", "id": "56cee58daab44d1400b88c1b", "answers": [{"text": "Aston Martin and Eon", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many DB10s were made for the movie?", "id": "56cee58daab44d1400b88c1c", "answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which team displayed the Bond logo during the Mexican Grand Prix?", "id": "56cee58daab44d1400b88c1d", "answers": [{"text": "Williams F1", "answer_start": 526}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the two DB10s that were not needed for filming used for?", "id": "56cee58daab44d1400b88c1e", "answers": [{"text": "promotional work", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many DB10's were produced?", "id": "56cf5710aab44d1400b89061", "answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What logo did the Williams race team have on their cars for the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix?", "id": "56cf5710aab44d1400b89063", "answers": [{"text": "007", "answer_start": 550}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 20}], "question": "The press conference announcing the start of the filming was in October of what year?", "id": "5ad24169d7d075001a428968", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "film", "answer_start": 146}], "question": "Honda was the official car of what?", "id": "5ad24169d7d075001a428969", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "car", "answer_start": 134}], "question": "Aston Martin produced only 20 of what for the film?", "id": "5ad24169d7d075001a42896a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "DB10", "answer_start": 113}], "question": "The unofficial car of the film was what?", "id": "5ad24169d7d075001a42896b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During the December 2014 press conference announcing the start of filming, Aston Martin and Eon unveiled the new DB10 as the official car for the film. The DB10 was designed in collaboration between Aston Martin and the filmmakers, with only 10 being produced especially for Spectre as a celebration of the 50th anniversary of the company's association with the franchise. Only eight of those 10 were used for the film, however; the remaining two were used for promotional work. After modifying the Jaguar C-X75 for the film, Williams F1 carried the 007 logo on their cars at the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix, with the team playing host to the cast and crew ahead of the Mexican premiere of the film."}], ["Walaupun penggambaran di Mexico City, spekulasi dalam media mendakwa skrip itu telah diubah untuk menampung permintaan pihak berkuasa Mexico-dilaporkan mempengaruhi butiran tempat kejadian dan watak-watak, membuat pilihan, dan mengubah suai skrip untuk menggambarkan negara dalam \" cahaya positif \"- untuk memastikan konsesi cukai dan sokongan kewangan bernilai sehingga $ 20 juta untuk filem itu. Ini ditolak oleh pengeluar Michael G. Wilson, yang menyatakan bahawa kejadian itu sentiasa ditujukan untuk ditembak di Mexico kerana pengeluaran telah tertarik kepada imejan Hari Mati, dan skrip itu telah berkembang dari situ. Pengeluaran Skyfall sebelum ini menghadapi masalah yang sama ketika cuba untuk mendapatkan izin untuk menembak urutan pra-judul film di India sebelum beralih ke Istanbul. <> Berapa banyak wang yang mungkin berubah ke bahagian Mexico City filem yang dikabarkan telah menyelamatkan pengeluaran? || $ 20 juta <> Yang pengeluar Bon mana yang tidak akan mengesahkan bahawa filem itu telah diubah untuk menampung pihak berkuasa Mexico? || Michael G. Wilson <> Di negara lain, selain Mexico, apakah filem ini mengalami isu pentadbiran dengan pihak berkuasa tempatan? || India <> Negara manakah yang Skyfall memindahkan penggambaran urutan pra-tajuk ke? || Istanbul <> Kota mana yang mahu rakyatnya digambarkan dalam \"cahaya negatif\"? || <> Filem ini menerima sokongan cukai ke atas jumlah apa? || <> Penulis skrip filem itu adalah Michael G. siapa? || <> Siapa yang tertarik dengan imejan Malam Orang Mati? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How much money were possible changes to the Mexico City section of the film rumored to have saved the production?", "id": "56cedc9caab44d1400b88b2b", "answers": [{"text": "$20 million", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Bond producer would not confirm that the film had been changed to accommodate Mexican authorities?", "id": "56cedc9caab44d1400b88b2c", "answers": [{"text": "Michael G. Wilson", "answer_start": 426}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what other country, besides Mexico, did the film experience administrative issues with local authorities?", "id": "56cedc9caab44d1400b88b2d", "answers": [{"text": "India", "answer_start": 777}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which country did Skyfall move its pre-title sequence filming to?", "id": "56cf5415aab44d1400b88fe8", "answers": [{"text": "Istanbul", "answer_start": 800}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mexico", "answer_start": 18}], "question": "Which city wanted their citizens portrayed in a \"negative light\"?", "id": "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288f4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "$20 million", "answer_start": 372}], "question": "The film received tax support over what amount?", "id": "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288f5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wilson", "answer_start": 437}], "question": "The film's screenwriter was Michael G. whom?", "id": "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288f6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "production", "answer_start": 520}], "question": "Who was attracted to the imagery of the Night of the Dead?", "id": "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288f7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Whilst filming in Mexico City, speculation in the media claimed that the script had been altered to accommodate the demands of Mexican authorities\u2014reportedly influencing details of the scene and characters, casting choices, and modifying the script in order to portray the country in a \"positive light\"\u2014in order to secure tax concessions and financial support worth up to $20 million for the film. This was denied by producer Michael G. Wilson, who stated that the scene had always been intended to be shot in Mexico as production had been attracted to the imagery of the Day of the Dead, and that the script had been developed from there. Production of Skyfall had previously faced similar problems while attempting to secure permits to shoot the film's pre-title sequence in India before moving to Istanbul."}], ["Selepas membungkus di England, pengeluaran pergi ke Maghribi pada bulan Jun, dengan penggambaran di Oujda, Tangier dan Erfoud, selepas kerja awal disiapkan oleh unit kedua pengeluaran. Letupan yang difilemkan di Maghribi memegang Rekod Dunia Guinness untuk \"Letupan aksi filem terbesar\" dalam sejarah sinematik, dengan rekod dikreditkan kepada pereka produksi Chris Corbould. Fotografi utama menyimpulkan pada 5 Julai 2015. Sebuah parti pembungkus untuk Spektrum diadakan dalam peringatan sebelum memasuki pasca produksi. Penggambaran mengambil 128 hari. <> Yang tiga lokasi di Maghribi digunakan dalam penggambaran? || Oujda, Tangier dan Erfoud <> Apakah rekod Guinness telah ditetapkan semasa penggambaran Specter? || Terbesar aksi letupan filem <> Siapa rekod Guinness yang dikaitkan? || Chris Corbould <> Berapa lama masa yang diperlukan untuk menembak Spektrum? || 128 hari <> Di manakah pengeluaran pergi selepas meninggalkan London? || Maghribi <> Apa Rekod Dunia Guinness yang memegang filem? || Terbesar aksi letupan filem <> Berapa banyak hari melakukan penggambaran mengambil || 128 hari. <> Rekod Dunia Guinness dikreditkan kepada pereka pengeluaran? || Chris Corbould <> Sebuah letupan yang difilemkan di Mexico memegang Rekod Dunia Guinness untuk apa? || <> Rekod itu dikreditkan kepada penulis skrip? || <> Apa yang diadakan dalam pasca pengeluaran sebelum memasuki peringatan? || <> Apa yang mengambil masa 182 hari? || <> Satu letupan yang difilemkan di bandar apa yang memegang Rekod Dunia Guinness untuk \"letupan aksi filem terkecil\"? || <> Mexico adalah tapak yang mana Rekod Dunia Guinness? || <> Penulis skrip Chris Corbould dikreditkan dengan apa Rekod Dunia Guinness? || <> Pengetua utama bermula pada tarikh apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which three locations in Morocco were used in filming?", "id": "56ced973aab44d1400b88afd", "answers": [{"text": "Oujda, Tangier and Erfoud", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Guinness record was set during the filming of Spectre?", "id": "56ced973aab44d1400b88afe", "answers": [{"text": "Largest film stunt explosion", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Guinness record attributed to?", "id": "56ced973aab44d1400b88aff", "answers": [{"text": "Chris Corbould", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did it take to shoot Spectre?", "id": "56ced973aab44d1400b88b00", "answers": [{"text": "128 days", "answer_start": 531}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did production go to after leaving London?", "id": "56cf4fe6aab44d1400b88fb2", "answers": [{"text": "Morocco", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Guinness World Record does the film hold?", "id": "56cf4fe6aab44d1400b88fb3", "answers": [{"text": "Largest film stunt explosion", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many day did filming take", "id": "56cf4fe6aab44d1400b88fb5", "answers": [{"text": "128 days.", "answer_start": 531}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Guinness World record was credited to which production designer?", "id": "56cf4fe6aab44d1400b88fb6", "answers": [{"text": "Chris Corbould", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Largest film stunt explosion", "answer_start": 267}], "question": "An explosion filmed in Mexico holds the Guinness World Record for what?", "id": "5ad231e3d7d075001a42873a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Chris Corbould", "answer_start": 367}], "question": "The record was credited to which screenwriter?", "id": "5ad231e3d7d075001a42873b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "wrap-up party", "answer_start": 433}], "question": "What was held in post-production before entering commemoration?", "id": "5ad231e3d7d075001a42873d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Filming", "answer_start": 518}], "question": "What took 182 days?", "id": "5ad231e3d7d075001a42873e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Morocco", "answer_start": 220}], "question": "An explosion filmed in what city holds the Guinness World Record for \"Smallest film stunt explosion\"?", "id": "5ad23d95d7d075001a428898", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Largest film stunt explosion", "answer_start": 267}], "question": "Mexico was the site for which Guinness World Record?", "id": "5ad23d95d7d075001a428899", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Largest film stunt explosion", "answer_start": 267}], "question": "Screenwriter Chris Corbould was credited with what Guinness World Record?", "id": "5ad23d95d7d075001a42889a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "5 July 2015", "answer_start": 418}], "question": "Principal photography began on what date?", "id": "5ad23d95d7d075001a42889b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "After wrapping up in England, production travelled to Morocco in June, with filming taking place in Oujda, Tangier and Erfoud, after preliminary work was completed by the production's second unit. An explosion filmed in Morocco holds a Guinness World Record for the \"Largest film stunt explosion\" in cinematic history, with the record credited to production designer Chris Corbould. Principal photography concluded on 5 July 2015. A wrap-up party for Spectre was held in commemoration before entering post-production. Filming took 128 days."}], ["Tembakan ringkas di Dewan Bandaraya London difilemkan pada 18 April 2015, sementara Mendes berada di lokasi. Pada 17 Mei 2015 syuting berlangsung di Thames di London. Pemandangan adegan yang melibatkan Craig dan Seydoux pada bot laju serta helikopter terbang rendah berhampiran Westminster Bridge ditembak pada waktu malam, dengan penggambaran sementara untuk kedua-dua Westminster dan Lambeth Bridges. Adegan juga ditembak di sungai berhampiran ibu pejabat MI6 di Vauxhall Cross. Krew kembali ke sungai kurang dari seminggu kemudian untuk filem adegan-adegan yang ditetapkan di Westminster Bridge. Brigade Bomba London telah ditetapkan untuk mensimulasikan hujan serta memantau asap yang digunakan untuk penggambaran. Craig, Seydoux, dan Waltz, serta Harris dan Fiennes, dilihat difilemkan. Sebelum ini, adegan yang melibatkan Fiennes ditembak di sebuah restoran di Covent Garden. Penggambaran kemudian berlaku di Trafalgar Square. Pada awal bulan Jun, kru, serta Craig, Seydoux, dan Waltz, kembali ke Thames untuk kali terakhir untuk meneruskan pemandangan syuting sebelum ditembak di sungai. <> Jambatan mana yang ditutup kerana penggambaran? || Westminster dan Lambeth Bridges <> Organisasi mana yang menyediakan air untuk kesan cuaca? || Brigade Bomba London <> Sungai mana yang digunakan di beberapa pucuk yang berlaku di London? || Thames <> Dimana MI6 berdasarkan? || Vauxhall Cross <> Filem ditutup dua jambatan di London? || Westminster dan Lambeth Bridges <> Siapa yang membantu pelakon meniru hujan ketika menembak di London? || Brigade Bomba London <> Di mana adegan-adegan Ralph Fiennes di pukulan restoran? || Taman Covent. <> Di mana adegan-adegan aksi di Thames ditembak pada waktu siang atau malam? || malam <> Dewan bandar yang digunakan untuk penggambaran pada 8 April 2015? || <> Pemandangan adegan pada pesawat terbang difilemkan di mana jambatan itu? || <> Adegan ditembak berhampiran ibu pejabat MI66 di mana? || <> Siapa yang digunakan untuk mensimulasikan salji? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which bridges were shut down because of filming?", "id": "56ced14baab44d1400b88acd", "answers": [{"text": "Westminster and Lambeth Bridges", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which organization provided water for weather effects?", "id": "56ced14baab44d1400b88ace", "answers": [{"text": "London Fire Brigade", "answer_start": 545}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which river was used in some of the shoots taking place in London?", "id": "56ced14baab44d1400b88acf", "answers": [{"text": "Thames", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is MI6 based?", "id": "56ced14baab44d1400b88ad0", "answers": [{"text": "Vauxhall Cross", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Filming closed which two bridges in London?", "id": "56cf4b67aab44d1400b88f6a", "answers": [{"text": "Westminster and Lambeth Bridges", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who helped the filmakers simulate rain while shooting in London?", "id": "56cf4b67aab44d1400b88f6b", "answers": [{"text": "The London Fire Brigade", "answer_start": 541}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the scenes of Ralph Fiennes in a restaurant shot?", "id": "56cf4b67aab44d1400b88f6c", "answers": [{"text": "Covent Garden.", "answer_start": 787}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where stunt scenes on the Thames shot during the day or the night?", "id": "56cf4b67aab44d1400b88f6d", "answers": [{"text": "night", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "London's", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "Whose city hall was used for filming on 8 April 2015?", "id": "5ad23161d7d075001a42870c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Westminster", "answer_start": 250}], "question": "Stunt scenes on an airplane were filmed near which bridge?", "id": "5ad23161d7d075001a42870d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Vauxhall Cross", "answer_start": 422}], "question": "Scenes were shot near MI66's headquarters where?", "id": "5ad23161d7d075001a42870e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "London Fire Brigade", "answer_start": 545}], "question": "Who was used to simulate snow?", "id": "5ad23161d7d075001a42870f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A brief shoot at London's City Hall was filmed on 18 April 2015, while Mendes was on location. On 17 May 2015 filming took place on the Thames in London. Stunt scenes involving Craig and Seydoux on a speedboat as well as a low flying helicopter near Westminster Bridge were shot at night, with filming temporarily closing both Westminster and Lambeth Bridges. Scenes were also shot on the river near MI6's headquarters at Vauxhall Cross. The crew returned to the river less than a week later to film scenes solely set on Westminster Bridge. The London Fire Brigade was on set to simulate rain as well as monitor smoke used for filming. Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz, as well as Harris and Fiennes, were seen being filmed. Prior to this, scenes involving Fiennes were shot at a restaurant in Covent Garden. Filming then took place in Trafalgar Square. In early June, the crew, as well as Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz, returned to the Thames for a final time to continue filming scenes previously shot on the river."}], ["Dengan penggambaran selesai di Rom, pengeluaran berpindah ke Mexico City pada akhir bulan Mac untuk menembak urutan pembukaan filem, dengan adegan-adegan untuk merangkumi festival Hari Mati yang difilemkan di dalam dan di sekitar kawasan Z\u00f3calo dan Centro Hist\u00f3rico. Adegan yang dirancang memerlukan persegi bandar ditutup untuk penggambaran urutan yang melibatkan perjuangan di atas helikopter Messerschmitt-B\u00f6lkow-Blohm Bo 105 yang diterbangkan oleh pilot pilot Chuck Aaron, yang meminta pengubahsuaian dibuat ke beberapa bangunan untuk mencegah kerosakan. Pemandangan ini di Mexico memerlukan 1,500 tambahan, 10 rangka raksasa dan 250,000 bunga kertas. Laporan di media Mexico menambah bahawa unit kedua filem itu akan bergerak ke Palenque di negeri Chiapas, untuk menggerakkan gerakan udara dianggap terlalu berbahaya untuk menembak di kawasan bandar. <> Dimana penggambaran spesifikasi berlaku selepas Rom? || Mexico City <> Perayaan mana yang dipaparkan di bahagian Mexico City pengeluaran? || Hari yang Mati <> Kawasan-kawasan mana yang ditunjukkan pada adegan Hari yang Mati dalam Specter? || Z\u00f3calo dan daerah Centro Hist\u00f3rico <> Berapa banyak pelakon tambahan diperlukan untuk tembakan di Mexico City? || 1,500 <> Di mana adegan yang memaparkan pesawat yang ditembak? || Palenque <> Perayaan apa yang termasuk dalam adegan yang ditembak di Mexico? || Hari Perayaan Mati <> Apa jenis helikopter digunakan untuk adegan penerbangan? || helikopter Messerschmitt-B\u00f6lkow-Blohm Bo 105 <> Di mana di Mexico adalah adegan Hari adegan Dead? || Z\u00f3calo dan daerah Centro Hist\u00f3rico <> Penggambaran bergerak ke bandar mana pada akhir bulan Mei? || <> Di mana bandar itu urutan urutan filem difilemkan? || <> Apa yang ditutup untuk memerangi urutan perjuangan menggunakan bot? || <> Adegan di mana persegi diperlukan sekitar 2,500 tambahan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did Spectre filming take place after Rome?", "id": "56cdf49362d2951400fa69c0", "answers": [{"text": "Mexico City", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which celebration was featured in the Mexico City part of the production?", "id": "56cdf49362d2951400fa69c1", "answers": [{"text": "Day of the Dead", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which areas were shown in the Day of the Dead scene in Spectre?", "id": "56cdf49362d2951400fa69c2", "answers": [{"text": "the Z\u00f3calo and the Centro Hist\u00f3rico district", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many additional actors were needed for the shoot in Mexico City?", "id": "56cdf49362d2951400fa69c3", "answers": [{"text": "1,500", "answer_start": 544}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the scenes featuring planes shot?", "id": "56cdf49362d2951400fa69c4", "answers": [{"text": "Palenque", "answer_start": 681}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What festival was included in the scenes shot in Mexico?", "id": "56cf49ebaab44d1400b88f4c", "answers": [{"text": "the Day of the Dead festival", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of helicopter was used for the flight scenes?", "id": "56cf49ebaab44d1400b88f4f", "answers": [{"text": "a Messerschmitt-B\u00f6lkow-Blohm Bo 105 helicopter", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where in Mexico were the Day of the Dead scenes shot?", "id": "56cf49ebaab44d1400b88f50", "answers": [{"text": "Z\u00f3calo and the Centro Hist\u00f3rico district", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mexico", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "Filming moved to which city in late May?", "id": "5ad2306ed7d075001a4286c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mexico", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "In which city was the film's closing sequence filmed?", "id": "5ad2306ed7d075001a4286c9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "city square", "answer_start": 267}], "question": "What was closed in order to film a fight sequence using a boat?", "id": "5ad2306ed7d075001a4286ca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "city", "answer_start": 267}], "question": "The scene in which square required about 2,500 extras?", "id": "5ad2306ed7d075001a4286cb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "With filming completed in Rome, production moved to Mexico City in late March to shoot the film's opening sequence, with scenes to include the Day of the Dead festival filmed in and around the Z\u00f3calo and the Centro Hist\u00f3rico district. The planned scenes required the city square to be closed for filming a sequence involving a fight aboard a Messerschmitt-B\u00f6lkow-Blohm Bo 105 helicopter flown by stunt pilot Chuck Aaron, which called for modifications to be made to several buildings to prevent damage. This particular scene in Mexico required 1,500 extras, 10 giant skeletons and 250,000 paper flowers. Reports in the Mexican media added that the film's second unit would move to Palenque in the state of Chiapas, to film aerial manoeuvres considered too dangerous to shoot in an urban area."}], ["Setakat 21 Februari 2016 [mengemaskini] Spektrum telah mencatatkan $ 879.3 juta di seluruh dunia; $ 138.1 juta daripada penciptaan telah dihasilkan dari pasaran UK dan $ 199.8 juta dari Amerika Utara. <> Berapa banyak wang yang telah dibuat oleh Spectre 2/21/2016? || $ 879.3 juta <> Berapa banyak hasil yang dihasilkan Spectre dari Amerika Syarikat, Mexico dan Kanada pada 2/21/2016? || $ 199.8 juta <> Berapa banyak hasil yang dihasilkan oleh spesies dari pasar British, Scotland, dan Ireland pada 2/21/2016? || $ 138.1 juta <> Setakat 21 Februari 2006, Spekter telah mencatatkan jumlah keseluruhan di seluruh dunia? || <> $ 138.1 juta telah dihasilkan dari bahasa Perancis apa? || <> $ 199.8 juta telah dihasilkan daripada bahasa Yunani apa? || <> Spek grossed $ 929.3 juta di seluruh dunia sejak tarikh apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How much money had Spectre made by 2/21/2016?", "id": "56cee809aab44d1400b88c6f", "answers": [{"text": "$879.3 million", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much revenue did Spectre generate from the United States, Mexico and Canada by 2/21/2016?", "id": "56cee809aab44d1400b88c70", "answers": [{"text": "$199.8 million", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much revenue did Spectre produce from the British, Scottish, and Irish market by 2/21/2016?", "id": "56cee809aab44d1400b88c71", "answers": [{"text": "$138.1 million", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "$879.3 million", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "As of 21 February 2006, Spectre has grossed how much worldwide?", "id": "5ad24378d7d075001a4289f8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "market", "answer_start": 139}], "question": "$138.1 million has been generated from the French what?", "id": "5ad24378d7d075001a4289f9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "market", "answer_start": 139}], "question": "$199.8 million has been generated from the Greek what?", "id": "5ad24378d7d075001a4289fa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "21 February 2016", "answer_start": 6}], "question": "Spectre grossed $929.3 million worldwide as of what date?", "id": "5ad24378d7d075001a4289fb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "As of 21 February 2016[update] Spectre has grossed $879.3 million worldwide; $138.1 million of the takings have been generated from the UK market and $199.8 million from North America."}], ["Sebelum pelepasan UK, Specter kebanyakannya mendapat ulasan positif. Mark Kermode, yang menulis dalam The Guardian, memberikan filem itu empat dari lima bintang, memerhatikan bahawa filem itu tidak memenuhi standard yang ditetapkan oleh Skyfall, tetapi dapat memanfaatkan jangkaan penonton. Menulis dalam penerbitan yang sama, Peter Bradshaw memberikan lima bintang penuh, memanggilnya sebagai \"inventif, pintar dan kompleks\", dan menyuarakan prestasi Craig sebagai kemuncak filem. Dalam satu lagi kajian lima bintang, The Daily Telegraph, Robbie Collin menggambarkan Spektrum sebagai \"pertunjukan keyakinan\", memujinya sebagai \"necromancy sinematik tulen.\" Dalam kajian semula yang positif tetapi kurang semangat, IGN's Chris Tilly menganggap Spekter \"pepejal jika tidak spektakuler\", dan memberi filem itu skor 7,2 (daripada kemungkinan 10), mengatakan bahawa \"filem itu jatuh dengan kekecewaan yang tidak memuaskan.\" <> Siapa yang memberikan Spekter penarafan sempurna dalam The Daily Telegraph? || Robbie Collin <> Seorang penulis yang penerbitan menilai filem 7.2 / 10? || IGN <> Skor apa Mark Kermode memberi hantu? || empat dari lima bintang <> Berapa banyak bintang Mark Kermode dari Guardian yang menyedari Hantu sebelum pembebasannya? || empat daripada lima <> Strip menerima kebanyakan ulasan positif sebelum pembebasannya di negara apa? || <> John Kermode dari Guardian, memberikan filem berapa banyak daripada lima bintang? || <> The Daily Mail Robbie Collin menggambarkan filem itu sebagai apa? || <> GIN's Chris Tully berkata bagaimana dengan filem itu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who gave Spectre a perfect rating in The Daily Telegraph?", "id": "56ceef67aab44d1400b88ce6", "answers": [{"text": "Robbie Collin", "answer_start": 507}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A writer for which publication rated the film 7.2/10?", "id": "56ceef67aab44d1400b88ce7", "answers": [{"text": "IGN", "answer_start": 695}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What score did Mark Kermode give Spectre?", "id": "56ceef67aab44d1400b88ce8", "answers": [{"text": "four out of five stars", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many stars did Mark Kermode of the Guardian aware Spectre prior to its release?", "id": "56cf5e5eaab44d1400b8914f", "answers": [{"text": "four out of five", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "UK", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "Spectre received mostly positive reviews prior to its release in what country?", "id": "5ad24658d7d075001a428aee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 120}], "question": "John Kermode from the Guardian, gave the film how many out of five stars?", "id": "5ad24658d7d075001a428aef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a swaggering show of confidence", "answer_start": 543}], "question": "The Daily Mail's Robbie Collin described the film as what?", "id": "5ad24658d7d075001a428af0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "solid if unspectacular", "answer_start": 733}], "question": "GIN's Chris Tully said what about the film?", "id": "5ad24658d7d075001a428af1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Prior to its UK release, Spectre mostly received positive reviews. Mark Kermode, writing in The Guardian, gave the film four out of five stars, observing that the film did not live up to the standard set by Skyfall, but was able to tap into audience expectations. Writing in the same publication, Peter Bradshaw gave the film a full five stars, calling it \"inventive, intelligent and complex\", and singling out Craig's performance as the film's highlight. In another five star review, The Daily Telegraph's Robbie Collin described Spectre as \"a swaggering show of confidence'\", lauding it as \"a feat of pure cinematic necromancy.\" In an otherwise positive, but overall less enthusiastic review, IGN's Chris Tilly considered Spectre \"solid if unspectacular\", and gave the film a 7.2 score (out of a possible 10), saying that \"the film falls frustratingly short of greatness.\""}], ["Pada 13 Mac 2015, beberapa ahli pelakon dan kru, termasuk Craig, Whishaw, Wilson dan Mendes, serta pelakon James Bond sebelumnya, Sir Roger Moore, muncul dalam lakaran yang ditulis oleh David Walliams dan Dawson Brothers untuk Comic Relief's Red Hari Hidung di BBC One. Dalam lakaran itu, mereka membuat rakaman di belakang layar dengan penggambaran Hantu. Treler penggoda pertama untuk Spectre dibebaskan di seluruh dunia pada Mac 2015, diikuti dengan treler teater pada bulan Julai dan treler terakhir pada bulan Oktober. <> Apakah produksi komedi yang dilakukan oleh pelakon Spectre? || Hari Hidung Merah Comic Relief <> Pada apa stesen TV melakukan Hari Hidung Merah muncul? || BBC One <> Dalam bulan apakah pratonton Spectre yang dikeluarkan di bioskop? || Julai <> Bilakah treler penggoda pertama yang dikeluarkan oleh Spectre? || Mac 2015 <> Apakah persembahan yang dibuat oleh beberapa ahli pelakon dan anak kapal pada Mac 2015? || Hari Hidung Merah Comic Relief <> Siapa yang menulis lakaran komedi untuk pelakon dan krew? || David Walliams dan Dawson Brothers <> Beberapa ahli pelakon muncul di BBC Two pada tarikh apa? || <> Siapa yang memfilmkan dokumentari di belakang tabir penggambaran Hantu? || <> Yang treler teaser untuk Spectre dikeluarkan pada bulan Februari 2015? || <> Siapa yang menghasilkan lakaran untuk BBC One? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What comedy production did Spectre actors appear in?", "id": "56cee6ebaab44d1400b88c41", "answers": [{"text": "Comic Relief's Red Nose Day", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what TV station did Red Nose Day appear?", "id": "56cee6ebaab44d1400b88c42", "answers": [{"text": "BBC One", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month was the preview of Spectre released in movie theaters?", "id": "56cee6ebaab44d1400b88c43", "answers": [{"text": "July", "answer_start": 469}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the first teaser trailer of Spectre released?", "id": "56cf58c1aab44d1400b890ab", "answers": [{"text": "March 2015", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What show did several members of the cast and crew appear on in March 2015?", "id": "56cf58c1aab44d1400b890ad", "answers": [{"text": "Comic Relief's Red Nose Day", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the comedy sketch for the cast and crew?", "id": "56cf58c1aab44d1400b890ae", "answers": [{"text": "David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "13 March 2015", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "Several members of the cast appeared on BBC Two on what date?", "id": "5ad24276d7d075001a42899c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "several members of the cast and crew", "answer_start": 18}], "question": "Who filmed a behind-the scenes documentary of the filming of Spectre?", "id": "5ad24276d7d075001a42899d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "first", "answer_start": 360}], "question": "Which teaser trailer for Spectre was released in February 2015?", "id": "5ad24276d7d075001a42899e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "David Walliams", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "Who produced the sketch for BBC One?", "id": "5ad24276d7d075001a42899f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On 13 March 2015, several members of the cast and crew, including Craig, Whishaw, Wilson and Mendes, as well as previous James Bond actor, Sir Roger Moore, appeared in a sketch written by David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day on BBC One. In the sketch, they film a behind-the-scenes mockumentary on the filming of Spectre. The first teaser trailer for Spectre was released worldwide in March 2015, followed by the theatrical trailer in July and the final trailer in October."}], ["Spectre mempunyai perdana dunia di London pada 26 Oktober 2015 di Royal Albert Hall, pada hari yang sama dengan pembebasan umum di United Kingdom dan Republik Ireland. Berikutan pengumuman permulaan penggambaran, Paramount Pictures membawakan pembebasan Misi: Mustahil - Rogue Nation untuk mengelakkan bersaing dengan Spectre. Pada bulan Mac 2015 syarikat IMAX mengumumkan bahawa Spectre akan ditayangkan di pawagamnya, berikutan kejayaan Skyfall dengan syarikat itu. Di UK, ia menerima pelepasan yang lebih luas daripada Skyfall, dengan sekurang-kurangnya 647 pawagam termasuk 40 skrin IMAX, berbanding dengan 587 lokasi Skyfall dan 21 skrin IMAX. <> Di manakah pertunjukan hantu yang pertama diadakan? || Royal Albert Hall <> Pada tarikh apakah hantu pertama kali dipaparkan untuk penonton umum? || 26 Oktober 2015 <> Filem apa yang diminta IMAX untuk menunjukkan Spektrum? || Skyfall <> Apa pembukaan filem diubah jadi tidak bersaing dengan Spectre? || Misi: Mustahil - Rogue Nation <> Filem mana yang mempunyai pelepasan yang lebih luas di UK, Skyfall atau Specter? || Hantu. <> Specter mempunyai perdana dunia pada 26 Disember tahun berapa? || <> Siapa yang mempunyai perdana dunia di Westminster Hall? || <> Siapa yang menolak pembebasan Misi: Mustahil - Rogue Nation untuk mengelakkan bersaing dengan Specter? || <> IMAX mengumumkan bahawa Spectre akan disiarkan di pawagamnya pada bulan Januari tahun berapa? || <> Di UK, Specter menerima pelepasan yang lebih kecil dari apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was the first showing of Spectre held?", "id": "56cee7a2aab44d1400b88c5f", "answers": [{"text": "Royal Albert Hall", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was Spectre first shown for general audiences?", "id": "56cee7a2aab44d1400b88c60", "answers": [{"text": "26 October 2015", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What movie prompted IMAX to show Spectre?", "id": "56cee7a2aab44d1400b88c62", "answers": [{"text": "Skyfall", "answer_start": 437}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What film opening was changed so it didn't compete with Spectre?", "id": "56cf597faab44d1400b890c6", "answers": [{"text": "Mission: Impossible \u2013 Rogue Nation", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which film had a wider release in the UK, Skyfall or Spectre?", "id": "56cf597faab44d1400b890c8", "answers": [{"text": "Spectre.", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "Spectre had its world premiere on 26 December of what year?", "id": "5ad24303d7d075001a4289c2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who had its world premiere at Westminster Hall?", "id": "5ad24303d7d075001a4289c3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Paramount Pictures", "answer_start": 221}], "question": "Who pushed back the release of Mission: Impossible - Rogue Nation to avoid competing with Spectre?", "id": "5ad24303d7d075001a4289c4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 348}], "question": "IMAX announced that Spectre would be screened in its cinemas in January of what year?", "id": "5ad24303d7d075001a4289c5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Skyfall", "answer_start": 516}], "question": "In the UK, Spectre received a smaller release than what?", "id": "5ad24303d7d075001a4289c6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Spectre had its world premiere in London on 26 October 2015 at the Royal Albert Hall, the same day as its general release in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Following the announcement of the start of filming, Paramount Pictures brought forward the release of Mission: Impossible \u2013 Rogue Nation to avoid competing with Spectre. In March 2015 IMAX corporation announced that Spectre would be screened in its cinemas, following Skyfall's success with the company. In the UK it received a wider release than Skyfall, with a minimum of 647 cinemas including 40 IMAX screens, compared to Skyfall's 587 locations and 21 IMAX screens."}], ["Spekter telah menerima ulasan bercampur-campur, dengan banyak pengulas sama ada memberi maklum balas positif atau sangat negatif filem. Ramai pengkritik memuji adegan pembukaan filem, urutan tindakan, stuntwork, sinematografi dan persembahan dari pelakon. Dalam beberapa kajian awal, filem itu mendapat perbandingan yang baik dengan pendahulunya, Skyfall. Rotten Tomatoes mencontohi 274 ulasan dan menilai 64% kritikan itu positif, dengan mengatakan bahawa filem itu \"menyemarakkan Bond rebutan Daniel Craig lebih dekat dengan tontonan yang mulia, yang didorong oleh aksi terdahulu, walaupun diakui bergantung pada formula 007 yang ditetapkan.\" Pada Metacritic, filem itu mempunyai penarafan 60 daripada 100, berdasarkan 48 pengkritik, yang menunjukkan \"ulasan bercampur atau rata-rata\". Khalayak yang ditonton oleh CinemaScore memberikan filem gred purata \"A-\" pada skala A + hingga F. <> Apakah skor Metacritics for Specter? || 60 dari 100 <> Berapa banyak penilaian individu yang menyumbang kepada skor Metacritics? || 48 <> Sebanyakkah ulasan mentah yang dibuat oleh Rotten Tomatoes untuk memihak kepada filem itu? || 64% <> Siapa yang CinemaScore meminta input pada filem itu? || Khalayak <> Sebanyakkah kajian semula terhadap Rotten Tomatoes positif? || 64 <> Apakah rating filem mengenai Metacritic? || 60 daripada 100 <> Filem apa yang menerima semua ulasan positif? || <> Ramai pengkritik memuji filem yang berakhir apa? || <> Dalam semua kajian semula awal, filem itu dibandingkan dengan filem apa yang lebih baik? || <> Pada Metacritic, filem ini mempunyai rating 70 daripada apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Metacritics score for Spectre?", "id": "56ceee04aab44d1400b88cd3", "answers": [{"text": "60 out of 100", "answer_start": 654}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many individual ratings contributed to Metacritics score?", "id": "56ceee04aab44d1400b88cd4", "answers": [{"text": "48", "answer_start": 678}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Spectre reviews did Rotten Tomatoes find to be in favor of the film?", "id": "56ceee04aab44d1400b88cd5", "answers": [{"text": "64%", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did CinemaScore ask for input on the film?", "id": "56ceee04aab44d1400b88cd6", "answers": [{"text": "Audiences", "answer_start": 729}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of review on Rotten Tomatoes were positive?", "id": "56cf5dccaab44d1400b8913f", "answers": [{"text": "64", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the movie's rating on Metacritic?", "id": "56cf5dccaab44d1400b89140", "answers": [{"text": "60 out of 100", "answer_start": 654}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What film received all positive reviews?", "id": "5ad245e3d7d075001a428ab8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "scene", "answer_start": 164}], "question": "Many critics praised the film's ending what?", "id": "5ad245e3d7d075001a428ab9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Skyfall", "answer_start": 333}], "question": "In all early review, the film was compared favorably with what movie?", "id": "5ad245e3d7d075001a428aba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "100", "answer_start": 664}], "question": "On Metacritic, the film has a rating of 70 out of what?", "id": "5ad245e3d7d075001a428abb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Spectre has received mixed reviews, with many reviewers either giving the film highly positive or highly negative feedback. Many critics praised the film's opening scene, action sequences, stuntwork, cinematography and performances from the cast. In some early reviews, the film received favourable comparisons with its predecessor, Skyfall. Rotten Tomatoes sampled 274 reviews and judged 64% of the critiques to be positive, saying that the film \"nudges Daniel Craig's rebooted Bond closer to the glorious, action-driven spectacle of earlier entries, although it's admittedly reliant on established 007 formula.\" On Metacritic, the film has a rating of 60 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A\u2212\" on an A+ to F scale."}], ["Di China, ia dibuka pada 12 November dan memperoleh $ 15 juta pada hari pembukaannya, yang merupakan hari kedua terbesar 2D untuk filem Hollywood di sebalik hari pembukaan $ 18.5 juta Misi: Mustahil - Rogue Nation dan menduduki 43% daripada semua yang ada skrin yang termasuk $ 790,000 saringan malam awal. Melalui hujung minggu pembukaannya, ia memperoleh $ 48.1 juta daripada 14,700 skrin iaitu 198% menjelang Skyfall, rekod baru untuk pembukaan Hollywood 2D. IMAX menyumbang $ 4.6 juta pada 246 skrin, juga rekod baru untuk pembukaan selama tiga hari untuk pelepasan November (memecahkan rekod Interstellar). Pada hujung minggu kedua, ia menambah $ 12.1 juta jatuh dengan mendadak sebanyak 75% yang merupakan penurunan akhir minggu kedua kedua terburuk bagi mana-mana pelepasan Hollywood utama di China pada tahun 2015. Ia menyumbang sejumlah $ 84.7 juta di sana selepas empat hujung minggu. Walaupun pembukaan yang kuat itu gagal mencapai markah $ 100 juta seperti yang diunjurkan. <> Pada hari dan bulan berapa Hantu dikeluarkan ke pasaran China? || 12 November <> Berapa banyak lagi wang yang dibuat oleh Hantu semasa hujung minggu pertama di China daripada Skyfall? || 198% <> Pada hujung minggu selepas pelepasan China, berapa banyak pendapatan yang berkurangan? || 75% <> Berapakah bilangan hamper dibuat pada bulan pertama di China? || $ 84.7 juta <> Spektrum datang dalam acara kedua pada hari pembukaan kasar di China di belakang filem apa? || Misi: Mustahil - Rogue Nation <> Berapa banyak wang yang dibuat Hantu selepas empat hujung minggu di China? || $ 84.7 juta <> Filem ini dibuka pada 11 bulan apa di China? || <> Filem itu menduduki 53% daripada semua skrin di negara apa? || <> Filem ini memakan $ 890,000 pada siaran malam sebelumnya di negara apa? || <> Filem ini jatuh sebanyak 85% pada hujung minggu kedua di negara mana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what day and month was Spectre released to the Chinese market?", "id": "56ceed3baab44d1400b88ccb", "answers": [{"text": "12 November", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much more money did Spectre make during its first weekend in China than Skyfall?", "id": "56ceed3baab44d1400b88ccc", "answers": [{"text": "198%", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By the weekend after its China release, how much had revenue decreased?", "id": "56ceed3baab44d1400b88ccd", "answers": [{"text": "75%", "answer_start": 680}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much had Spectre made in its first month in China?", "id": "56ceed3baab44d1400b88cce", "answers": [{"text": "$84.7 million", "answer_start": 802}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Spectre came in second in opening day gross in China behind what movie?", "id": "56cf5d43aab44d1400b89136", "answers": [{"text": "Mission: Impossible \u2013 Rogue Nation", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money did Spectre gross after four weekends in China?", "id": "56cf5d43aab44d1400b89139", "answers": [{"text": "$84.7 million", "answer_start": 802}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "November", "answer_start": 26}], "question": "The film opened on 11 of what month in China?", "id": "5ad24581d7d075001a428aa8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "China", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "The film occupied 53% of all screens in what country?", "id": "5ad24581d7d075001a428aa9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "China", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "The film took in $890,000 in advance night screenings in what country?", "id": "5ad24581d7d075001a428aaa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "China", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "The film fell by 85% in its second weekend in what country?", "id": "5ad24581d7d075001a428aab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In China, it opened on 12 November and earned $15 million on its opening day, which is the second biggest 2D single day gross for a Hollywood film behind the $18.5 million opening day of Mission: Impossible \u2013 Rogue Nation and occupying 43% of all available screens which included $790,000 in advance night screenings. Through its opening weekend, it earned $48.1 million from 14,700 screens which is 198% ahead of Skyfall, a new record for a Hollywood 2D opening. IMAX contributed $4.6 million on 246 screens, also a new record for a three-day opening for a November release (breaking Interstellar's record). In its second weekend, it added $12.1 million falling precipitously by 75% which is the second worst second weekend drop for any major Hollywood release in China of 2015. It grossed a total of $84.7 million there after four weekends. Albeit a strong opening it failed to attain the $100 million mark as projected."}], ["Di Amerika Syarikat dan Kanada, filem itu dibuka pada 6 November 2015, dan pada hujung minggu pembukaannya, pada asalnya dijangka mencecah $ 70-75 juta daripada 3,927 skrin, pelepasan terluas untuk filem Bond. Walau bagaimanapun, selepas mencatatkan $ 5.25 juta dari pertunjukan malam Khamis dan $ 28 juta pada hari pembukaannya, unjuran hujung minggu meningkat kepada $ 75-80 juta. Filem ini berjaya mencecah $ 70.4 juta pada hujung minggu pembukaannya (kira-kira $ 20 juta kurang daripada debut Skyfall $ 90.6 juta, termasuk pratonton IMAX), tetapi tetap selesai di box office. IMAX menjana $ 9.1 juta untuk Spectre pada skrin 374, format premium premium yang dibuat $ 8 juta daripada 429 bioskop, menuai 11% daripada pembukaan filem itu, yang bermaksud bahawa Spectre memperoleh $ 17.1 juta (23%) daripada jumlah hujung minggu pembukaannya di venue-format besar. Cinemark XD menjana $ 1.85 juta dalam 112 lokasi XD. <> Berapa banyak skrin Imax menunjukkan Hantu pada hujung minggu pembukaannya di AS dan Kanada? || 374 <> Berapa banyak wang yang dibuat oleh Hantu di hujung minggu pertama di AS dan Kanada? || $ 70.4 juta <> Berapa banyak wang yang menunjukkan pratonton pratonton di AS dan Kanada? || $ 5.25 <> Filem manakah yang menghasilkan lebih banyak wang untuk hujung minggu pembukaannya di pasaran Amerika Utara, Skyfall atau Specter? || Skyfall <> Berapa banyak skrin IMAX adalah Spektrum yang ditunjukkan di Amerika Utara? || 374 <> Apa hari minggu itu Spectre dikeluarkan di Amerika Utara? || Khamis <> Di Amerika Syarikat, filem itu dibuka pada 16 November tahun berapa? || <> Di mana filem itu diramalkan kepada $ 80-85 juta pada hujung minggu pembukaannya? || <> Apa yang lebih besar daripada $ 20 juta lebih daripada debut Skyfall? || <> Apa yang kedua di kotak pejabat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many Imax screens showed Spectre on its opening weekend in the US and Canada?", "id": "56ceebf8aab44d1400b88cbb", "answers": [{"text": "374", "answer_start": 613}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money did Spectre make in its first weekend in the US and Canada?", "id": "56ceebf8aab44d1400b88cbc", "answers": [{"text": "$70.4 million", "answer_start": 396}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money did preview showings generate in the US and Canada?", "id": "56ceebf8aab44d1400b88cbd", "answers": [{"text": "$5.25", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which film grossed more money for its opening weekend in the North American market, Skyfall or Spectre?", "id": "56cf5c5faab44d1400b89127", "answers": [{"text": "Skyfall", "answer_start": 462}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many IMAX screens was Spectre shown on in North America?", "id": "56cf5c5faab44d1400b89128", "answers": [{"text": "374", "answer_start": 613}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What day of the week was Spectre released in North America?", "id": "56cf5c5faab44d1400b89129", "answers": [{"text": "Thursday", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 63}], "question": "In the United States, the film opened on 16 November of what year?", "id": "5ad244f4d7d075001a428a80", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United States and Canada", "answer_start": 7}], "question": "Where was the film projected to gross $80-85 million in its opening weekend?", "id": "5ad244f4d7d075001a428a81", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the film", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "What grossed about $20 million more than Skyfall's debut?", "id": "5ad244f4d7d075001a428a82", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the film", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "What finished second at the box office?", "id": "5ad244f4d7d075001a428a83", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the United States and Canada, the film opened on 6 November 2015, and in its opening weekend, was originally projected to gross $70\u201375 million from 3,927 screens, the widest release for a Bond film. However, after grossing $5.25 million from its early Thursday night showings and $28 million on its opening day, weekend projections were increased to $75\u201380 million. The film ended up grossing $70.4 million in its opening weekend (about $20 million less than Skyfall's $90.6 million debut, including IMAX previews), but nevertheless finished first at the box office. IMAX generated $9.1 million for Spectre at 374 screens, premium large format made $8 million from 429 cinemas, reaping 11% of the film's opening, which means that Spectre earned $17.1 million (23%) of its opening weekend total in large-format venues. Cinemark XD generated $1.85 million in 112 XD locations."}], ["Di United Kingdom, filem itu menyumbang sebanyak \u00a3 4.1 juta ($ 6.4 juta) dari penyaringan pratonton Isnin. Ia mencecah \u00a3 6.3 juta ($ 9.2 juta) pada hari pembukaannya dan kemudian \u00a3 5.7 juta ($ 8.8 juta) pada Rabu, menetapkan rekod UK untuk kedua-dua hari. Dalam tujuh hari pertama filem itu, ia meraih \u00a3 41.7 juta ($ 63.8 juta), memecahkan rekod UK untuk pembukaan minggu pertama tertinggi, yang ditetapkan oleh Harry Potter dan Banduan Azkaban bernilai \u00a3 23.88 juta ($ 36.9 juta) pada 2004. Jumaat Keseluruhannya ialah \u00a3 20.4 juta ($ 31.2 juta) berbanding Skyfall's \u00a3 20.1 juta ($ 31 juta). Filem itu juga memecahkan rekod untuk purata pembukaan per-skrin terbaik dengan $ 110,000, rekod yang dimiliki oleh The Dark Knight dengan $ 100,200. Ia telah mencatatkan sejumlah $ 136.3 juta di sana. Di U.K., ia melepasi Avatar untuk menjadi pelepasan IMAX yang paling tinggi di negara ini dengan $ 10.09 juta. <> Berapa banyak yang dibuat oleh Specter pada minggu pertama? || \u00a3 41.7 juta ($ 63.8 juta) <> Filem manakah sebelum ini mempunyai pendapatan tertinggi selama tujuh hari pertama? || Harry Potter dan Banduan Azkaban <> Filem apa yang dilakukan oleh Spectre sebagai penghasilan paling tinggi untuk penyaringan IMAX di UK? || Avatar <> Berapa banyak wang yang dilakukan Hantu pada hari pembukaan di UK? || $ 9.2 juta <> Apa filem yang sebelum ini memegang rekod UK untuk pembukaan kasar pertama minggu pertama? || Harry Potter dan Tawanan Azkaban <> Spectre melepaskan filem mana yang akan menjadi pelepasan IMAX yang paling tinggi di UK? || Avatar <> Hantu meluluskan filem mana yang mempunyai purata per skrin pembukaan yang terbesar? || The Dark Knight <> Filem ini meraih $ 6.4 juta dari penyaringan Selasa di negara apa? || <> Dalam lapan hari pertama filem itu, berapa banyak? || <> Keseluruhan filem Jumaat-Minggu adalah berapa banyak? || <> Skyfall's Friday-Sunday gross adalah berapa banyak? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How much did Spectre make in its first week?", "id": "56ceea40aab44d1400b88c99", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a341.7 million ($63.8 million)", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which movie previously had the highest earnings for its first seven days?", "id": "56ceea40aab44d1400b88c9a", "answers": [{"text": "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What movie did Spectre unseat as having the highest earnings for IMAX screenings in the UK?", "id": "56ceea40aab44d1400b88c9b", "answers": [{"text": "Avatar", "answer_start": 795}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money did Spectre gross on it's opening day in the UK?", "id": "56cf5adaaab44d1400b890ed", "answers": [{"text": "$9.2 million", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What film previously held the UK record for highest first week opening gross?", "id": "56cf5adaaab44d1400b890ee", "answers": [{"text": "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Spectre passed which movie to become the highest grossing IMAX release in the UK?", "id": "56cf5adaaab44d1400b890f0", "answers": [{"text": "Avatar", "answer_start": 795}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Spectre passed which movie to have the largest per screen opening average?", "id": "56cf5adaaab44d1400b890f1", "answers": [{"text": "The Dark Knight", "answer_start": 690}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United Kingdom", "answer_start": 7}], "question": "The film grossed $6.4 million from its Tuesday screenings in what country?", "id": "5ad243f0d7d075001a428a2a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "63.8 million", "answer_start": 305}], "question": "In the film's first eight days it grossed how much?", "id": "5ad243f0d7d075001a428a2b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "31.2 million", "answer_start": 511}], "question": "The film's Friday-Sunday gross was how much?", "id": "5ad243f0d7d075001a428a2c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "31 million", "answer_start": 563}], "question": "Skyfall's Friday-Sunday gross was how much?", "id": "5ad243f0d7d075001a428a2d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the United Kingdom, the film grossed \u00a34.1 million ($6.4 million) from its Monday preview screenings. It grossed \u00a36.3 million ($9.2 million) on its opening day and then \u00a35.7 million ($8.8 million) on Wednesday, setting UK records for both days. In the film's first seven days it grossed \u00a341.7 million ($63.8 million), breaking the UK record for highest first-week opening, set by Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban's \u00a323.88 million ($36.9 million) in 2004. Its Friday\u2013Saturday gross was \u00a320.4 million ($31.2 million) compared to Skyfall's \u00a320.1 million ($31 million). The film also broke the record for the best per-screen opening average with $110,000, a record previously held by The Dark Knight with $100,200. It has grossed a total of $136.3 million there. In the U.K., it surpassed Avatar to become the country's highest-grossing IMAX release ever with $10.09 million."}], ["Spektrum dibuka di Jerman dengan $ 22.45 juta (termasuk preview), termasuk rekod baru untuk hari Sabtu terbesar sepanjang masa, Australia dengan $ 8.7 juta (termasuk preview) dan Korea Selatan dibuka kepada $ 8.2 juta (termasuk preview). Walaupun serangan 13 November Paris, yang menyebabkan banyak teater ditutup, filem itu dibuka dengan $ 14.6 juta (termasuk $ 2 juta dalam pratonton) di Perancis. Di Mexico, di mana sebahagian filem itu ditembak, ia bermula dengan lebih daripada dua kali ganda Skyfall dengan $ 4.5 juta. Ia juga melancarkan pembukaan pendahulunya di pelbagai kawasan Nordik di mana MGM mengedarkannya seperti Finland ($ 2.66 juta) dan Norway ($ 2.91 juta), dan di pasaran lain seperti Denmark ($ 4.2 juta), Belanda ($ 3.38 juta), dan Sweden ($ 3.1 juta). Di India, ia dibuka di No. 1 dengan $ 4.8 juta yang merupakan 4% di atas pembukaan Skyfall. Ia menduduki tempat pertama di box office Switzerland yang bertutur bahasa Jerman selama empat minggu dan di Belanda, ia telah memegang tempat No 1 untuk tujuh minggu berturut-turut di mana ia telah mengungguli Minions untuk menjadi filem teratas tahun ini. Pasaran pendapatan tertinggi ialah Jerman ($ 70.3 juta) dan Perancis ($ 38.8 juta). Di Paris, ia mempunyai jualan tiket tertinggi kedua sepanjang masa dengan tiket $ 4.1 juta yang dijual di belakang Spider-Man 3 yang menjual lebih daripada $ 6.32 juta tiket pada tahun 2007. <> Aktiviti pengganas di mana bandar Perancis memberi kesan terhadap pendapatan Spectre? || Paris <> Berapa banyak lagi yang dilakukan Spectre berbanding Skyfall di pasaran India? || 4% <> Di Paris, filem apa yang telah menghasilkan lebih banyak pendapatan tiket daripada Spectre? || Spider-Man 3 <> Berapa banyak spekulasi dibuat di Korea Selatan? || $ 8.2 juta <> Apakah satu-satunya filem yang mempunyai jualan tiket yang lebih tinggi di Paris daripada Specter? || Spider-Man 3 <> Filem apa yang dilakukan Spectre untuk menjadi filem teratas tahun ini di Switzerland? || Minions <> Apa yang dibuka di Greece dengan $ 25.45 juta? || <> Apa yang menetapkan rekod baru untuk hari Ahad terbesar sepanjang masa di Jerman? || <> Korea Utara membuka berapa juta? || <> Di mana filem itu dibuka dengan $ 14.6 juta walaupun serangan 11 November Paris? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Terrorist activity in what French city impacted Spectre's earnings?", "id": "56ceeb34aab44d1400b88ca9", "answers": [{"text": "Paris", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much more did Spectre earn compared with Skyfall in the Indian market?", "id": "56ceeb34aab44d1400b88caa", "answers": [{"text": "4%", "answer_start": 849}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Paris, what movie has generated more ticket revenue than Spectre?", "id": "56ceeb34aab44d1400b88cab", "answers": [{"text": "Spider-Man 3", "answer_start": 1275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did Spectre make in its opening in South Korea?", "id": "56ceeb34aab44d1400b88cac", "answers": [{"text": "$8.2 million", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the only film to have a higher ticket sale in Paris than Spectre?", "id": "56cf5b91aab44d1400b8910b", "answers": [{"text": "Spider-Man 3", "answer_start": 1275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What movie did Spectre beat to become top movie of the year in Switzerland?", "id": "56cf5b91aab44d1400b8910d", "answers": [{"text": "Minions", "answer_start": 1046}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What opened in Greece with $25.45 million?", "id": "5ad2446bd7d075001a428a56", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spectre", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What set a new record for the biggest Sunday of all time in Germany?", "id": "5ad2446bd7d075001a428a57", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "8.2", "answer_start": 210}], "question": "North Korea opened to how many million?", "id": "5ad2446bd7d075001a428a58", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 406}], "question": "Where did the film open with $14.6 million despite the 11 November Paris attacks?", "id": "5ad2446bd7d075001a428a59", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Spectre opened in Germany with $22.45 million (including previews), which included a new record for the biggest Saturday of all time, Australia with $8.7 million (including previews) and South Korea opened to $8.2 million (including previews). Despite the 13 November Paris attacks, which led to numerous theaters being closed down, the film opened with $14.6 million (including $2 million in previews) in France. In Mexico, where part of the film was shot, it debuted with more than double that of Skyfall with $4.5 million. It also bested its predecessor's opening in various Nordic regions where MGM is distributing, such as in Finland ($2.66 million) and Norway ($2.91 million), and in other markets like Denmark ($4.2 million), the Netherlands ($3.38 million), and Sweden ($3.1 million). In India, it opened at No. 1 with $4.8 million which is 4% above the opening of Skyfall. It topped the German-speaking Switzerland box office for four weeks and in the Netherlands, it has held the No. 1 spot for seven weeks straight where it has topped Minions to become the top movie of the year. The top earning markets are Germany ($70.3 million) and France ($38.8 million). In Paris, it has the second highest ticket sales of all time with $4.1 million tickets sold only behind Spider-Man 3 which sold over $6.32 million tickets in 2007."}], ["Penilaian kritikal filem itu bercampur-campur di Amerika Syarikat. Dalam ulasan yang menggembirakan untuk RogerEbert.com, Matt Zoller Seitz memberikan filem 2.5 bintang daripada 4, menerangkan Spektrum sebagai tidak konsisten dan tidak mampu memanfaatkan potensinya. Kenneth Turan, mengkaji semula filem untuk Los Angeles Times, membuat kesimpulan bahawa Spektrum \"keluar sebagai keletihan dan tidak bersemangat\". Manohla Dargis dari The New York Times menyiarkan filem itu sebagai \"tidak mengejutkan\" dan mengorbankan keasliannya demi pulangan kotak balik. Forbes 'Scott Mendelson juga mengkritik filem itu, mengutuk hantu sebagai \"filem terburuk dalam tahun 30 tahun\". Darren Franich of Entertainment Weekly dilihat Spectre sebagai \"overreaction to moment blockbuster saat ini\", bercita-cita menjadi \"sekuel bersiri\" dan membuktikan \"dirinya sebagai Saga\". Semasa mencatat bahawa \"apa-apa yang berlaku dalam Specter memegang sehingga pengawasan logik kecil\", dia telah \"tidak datang untuk mengebumikan Spektrum, tetapi dengan pelik memuji itu. Kerana perbuatan akhir filem itu sangat aneh, , bahawa ia patut diberi perhatian tambahan. \" Dalam tinjauan positif Rolling Stone, Peter Travers memberikan filem itu 3.5 bintang dari 4, menggambarkan \"Filem ke-24 mengenai agen MI6 British dengan lesen untuk membunuh adalah masa parti untuk peminat Bond, valentine yang sengit, lucu, yang dihasilkan dengan indah francais terpanjang dalam filem \". Tinjauan positif lain dari Mick LaSalle dari San Francisco Chronicle memberikan 100 markah yang sempurna, menyatakan: \"Salah satu kepuasan yang hebat dari Specter adalah, sebagai tambahan kepada semua tindakan kacau, dan semua rujukan yang tepat pada masanya kepada organisasi rahsia untuk mencuri maklumat peribadi semua orang, kami dapat percaya kepada Bond sebagai orang. \"Stephen Whitty dari New York Daily News, memberikannya 80 gram, berkata:\" Craig adalah kejam. Dave Bautista membuat pembunuh seperti Oddjob. Dan sementara Lea Seydoux tidak meninggalkan kesan besar sebagai \"gadis Bond\" filem ini, mungkin ini kerana kita sudah bertemu - terlalu singkat - Monica Bellucci yang hipnotik, sebagai \"Bond wanita pertama\" sejak Diana Rigg. \" Richard Roeper dari Chicago Sun-Times, memberikannya gred 75. Beliau berkata: \"Ini adalah filem Bond 24 dan ia berada di kedudukan yang kukuh di tengah-tengah kedudukan sepanjang masa, yang bermaksud ia masih menjadi tarikan yang hebat, gambar yang indah, penuh aksi, thriller antarabangsa dengan beberapa keping set yang luar biasa, menghiburkan , percikan rambut kering, wanita cantik yang cantik dan penjahat psiko klasik yang jelas keluar dari fikirannya tetapi nampaknya seperti itu. \"Michael Phillips di Chicago Tribune memberikannya gred 75. Beliau berkata: \"Untuk semua pengabdiannya yang bekerja dengan helikopter di luar kawalan,\" Spektrum \"berfungsi dengan baik apabila semua orang di lapangan, melakukan tugasnya, memandu kereta mahal mahal dengan tidak peduli, meledakkan sesekali wisecrack, menikmati diri mereka dan mereka yang cantik \"Guy Lodge dari Variety, memberikan skor 70, menyatakan:\" Apa yang hilang adalah kelewatan emosi yang tidak dijangka dari \"Skyfall,\" memandangkan filem itu menopang tendangan nostalgia sebelum ini dengan bengkok yang kurang sentimental. \"<> Wartawan mana yang dianggap Spesis filem James Bond terburuk dalam tiga dekad? || Scott Mendelson <> Yang mana penulis untuk San Francisco Chronicle menganugerahkan Specter dengan skor sempurna? || Mick LaSalle <> Skor apa yang penulis tulis dari Chicago Tribune memberikan kepada Spectre? || 75 <> Pengulas dari Variety membandingkan Spekter yang mana filem Bond lain? || Skyfall <> Pengkritik sepenuhnya positif tentang filem di negara mana? || <> Pada Today.com, Matt Zoller Seitz memberikan filem berapa bintang? || <> Siapa yang menggambarkan filem itu sebagai konsisten dan mampu memanfaatkan potensinya? || <> Forbes 'Scott Mendelson menggambarkan filem itu sebagai yang terbaik dalam 30 tahun? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which journalist considered Spectre the worst James Bond movie in three decades?", "id": "56cef51daab44d1400b88d11", "answers": [{"text": "Scott Mendelson", "answer_start": 515}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which writer for the San Francisco Chronicle awarded Spectre with a perfect score?", "id": "56cef51daab44d1400b88d12", "answers": [{"text": "Mick LaSalle", "answer_start": 1373}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What score did the writer from the Chicago Tribune give to Spectre?", "id": "56cef51daab44d1400b88d13", "answers": [{"text": "75", "answer_start": 2118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The reviewer from Variety compares Spectre to which other Bond movie?", "id": "56cef51daab44d1400b88d14", "answers": [{"text": "Skyfall", "answer_start": 2982}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United States", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "Critics were entirely positive about the film in what country?", "id": "5ad246ecd7d075001a428b08", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2.5", "answer_start": 136}], "question": "On Today.com, Matt Zoller Seitz gave the film how many stars?", "id": "5ad246ecd7d075001a428b09", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Matt Zoller Seitz", "answer_start": 104}], "question": "Who described the film as consistent and capable of capitalizing on its potential?", "id": "5ad246ecd7d075001a428b0a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "007 movie", "answer_start": 598}], "question": "Forbes' Scott Mendelson described the movie as the best what in 30 years?", "id": "5ad246ecd7d075001a428b0b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Critical appraisal of the film was mixed in the United States. In a lukewarm review for RogerEbert.com, Matt Zoller Seitz gave the film 2.5 stars out of 4, describing Spectre as inconsistent and unable to capitalise on its potential. Kenneth Turan, reviewing the film for Los Angeles Times, concluded that Spectre \"comes off as exhausted and uninspired\". Manohla Dargis of The New York Times panned the film as having \"nothing surprising\" and sacrificing its originality for the sake of box office returns. Forbes' Scott Mendelson also heavily criticised the film, denouncing Spectre as \"the worst 007 movie in 30 years\". Darren Franich of Entertainment Weekly viewed Spectre as \"an overreaction to our current blockbuster moment\", aspiring \"to be a serialized sequel\" and proving \"itself as a Saga\". While noting that \"[n]othing that happens in Spectre holds up to even minor logical scrutiny\", he had \"come not to bury Spectre, but to weirdly praise it. Because the final act of the movie is so strange, so willfully obtuse, that it deserves extra attention.\" In a positive review Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film 3.5 stars out of 4, describing \"The 24th movie about the British MI6 agent with a license to kill is party time for Bond fans, a fierce, funny, gorgeously produced valentine to the longest-running franchise in movies\". Other positive reviews from Mick LaSalle from the San Francisco Chronicle, gave it a perfect 100 score, stating: \u201cOne of the great satisfactions of Spectre is that, in addition to all the stirring action, and all the timely references to a secret organization out to steal everyone\u2019s personal information, we get to believe in Bond as a person.\u201d Stephen Whitty from the New York Daily News, gave it an 80 grade, saying: \u201cCraig is cruelly efficient. Dave Bautista makes a good, Oddjob-like assassin. And while Lea Seydoux doesn\u2019t leave a huge impression as this film\u2019s \u201cBond girl,\u201d perhaps it\u2019s because we\u2019ve already met \u2014 far too briefly \u2014 the hypnotic Monica Bellucci, as the first real \u201cBond woman\u201d since Diana Rigg.\u201d Richard Roeper from the Chicago Sun-Times, gave it a 75 grade. He stated: \u201cThis is the 24th Bond film and it ranks solidly in the middle of the all-time rankings, which means it\u2019s still a slick, beautifully photographed, action-packed, international thriller with a number of wonderfully, ludicrously entertaining set pieces, a sprinkling of dry wit, myriad gorgeous women and a classic psycho-villain who is clearly out of his mind but seems to like it that way.\u201d Michael Phillips over at the Chicago Tribune, gave it a 75 grade. He stated: \u201cFor all its workmanlike devotion to out-of-control helicopters, \u201cSpectre\u201d works best when everyone\u2019s on the ground, doing his or her job, driving expensive fast cars heedlessly, detonating the occasional wisecrack, enjoying themselves and their beautiful clothes.\u201d Guy Lodge from Variety, gave it a 70 score, stating: \u201cWhat\u2019s missing is the unexpected emotional urgency of \u201cSkyfall,\u201d as the film sustains its predecessor\u2019s nostalgia kick with a less sentimental bent.\u201d"}], ["Di India, dilaporkan bahawa Lembaga Persijilan Filem Sentral India (CBFC) mengkritik adegan ciuman yang memaparkan Monica Bellucci, Daniel Craig, dan L\u00e9a Seydoux. Mereka juga merendahkan segala kejahatan. Ini mendorong kritikan terhadap lembaga dalam talian, terutamanya di Twitter. <> Organisasi Whic bertanggungjawab untuk menapis kandungan filem di India? || Lembaga Pensijilan Filem Sentral India <> Situs media sosial mana yang digunakan untuk mengadu tentang penapisan India? || Twitter. <> Apa negara menapis adegan pegangan tangan? || <> Siapa yang menapis adegan bercakap? || <> Kekejaman tidak disenyapkan di negara mana? || <> Di manakah sokongan yang dinyatakan untuk filem yang ditapis? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Whic organization is responsible for filtering movie content in India?", "id": "56cef6ccaab44d1400b88d48", "answers": [{"text": "Indian Central Board of Film Certification", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which social media site was used for complaining about the Indian censoring?", "id": "56cf6133aab44d1400b89191", "answers": [{"text": "Twitter.", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "India", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "What country censored hand-holding scenes?", "id": "5ad247c0d7d075001a428b4c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Indian Central Board of Film Certification", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "Who censored talking scenes?", "id": "5ad247c0d7d075001a428b4d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "India", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "Profanity was not muted in which country?", "id": "5ad247c0d7d075001a428b4e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Twitter", "answer_start": 257}], "question": "Where was support expressed for the censored film?", "id": "5ad247c0d7d075001a428b4f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In India, it was reported that the Indian Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) censored kissing scenes featuring Monica Bellucci, Daniel Craig, and L\u00e9a Seydoux. They also muted all profanity. This prompted criticism of the board online, especially on Twitter."}], ["Sekuel untuk Hantu akan memulakan perkembangan pada musim bunga 2016. Sam Mendes telah menyatakan bahawa dia tidak akan kembali mengarahkan filem 007 seterusnya. Christoph Waltz telah menandatangani dua lagi filem dalam siri ini, tetapi penyertaannya bergantung kepada sama ada atau tidak Craig akan menggambarkan Bond lagi. <> Penampilan Christoph Waltz dalam filem Bond masa depan bergantung kepada penampilan pelakon lain? || Craig <> Bilakah akan berfungsi sebagai tindak lanjut kepada Hantu? || musim luruh 2016 <> Bilakah sekuel akan menjadi perkembangan? || musim luruh 2016. <> Prajlis untuk Hantu akan bermula bila? || <> Siapa yang akan kembali mengarahkan filem 007 seterusnya? || <> Siapa yang telah menandatangani untuk tiga lagi filem dalam siri ini? || <> Kepulangan siapa bergantung kepada sama ada Sam Mendes kembali untuk menggambarkan Bond? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Christoph Waltz's appearance in future Bond movies is contingent on the appearance of which other actor?", "id": "56cef706aab44d1400b88d4f", "answers": [{"text": "Craig", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When will work being on the follow-up to Spectre?", "id": "56cef706aab44d1400b88d50", "answers": [{"text": "spring 2016", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When will the sequel to Spectre being development?", "id": "56cf61b5aab44d1400b8919d", "answers": [{"text": "spring 2016.", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "spring 2016", "answer_start": 46}], "question": "A prequel to Spectre will begin when?", "id": "5ad24827d7d075001a428b54", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sam Mendes", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "Who will return to direct the next 007 film?", "id": "5ad24827d7d075001a428b55", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christoph Waltz", "answer_start": 129}], "question": "Who has signed on for three more films in the series?", "id": "5ad24827d7d075001a428b56", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christoph Waltz", "answer_start": 129}], "question": "Whose return depends on whether or not Sam Mendes returns to portray Bond?", "id": "5ad24827d7d075001a428b57", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A sequel to Spectre will begin development in spring 2016. Sam Mendes has stated he will not return to direct the next 007 film. Christoph Waltz has signed on for two more films in the series, but his return depends on whether or not Craig will again portray Bond."}], ["Christopher Orr, menulis di The Atlantic, juga mengkritik filem itu, dengan mengatakan bahawa \"huru-hara\" pada hampir setiap [aspek]. Lawrence Toppman dari The Observer Charlotte memanggil persembahan Craig \"Bosan, James Bored.\" Alyssa Rosenberg, menulis untuk The Washington Post, menyatakan bahawa filem itu berubah menjadi \"filem Bond konvensional yang mengecewakan.\" <> Penulis Atlantik mana yang memberikan ulasan negatif terhadap Spektrum? || Christopher Orr <> Apa sifat kata sifat yang digunakan oleh Lawrence Toppman untuk menggambarkan gambaran James Craig? || Bosan <> Apakah penerbitan Alyssa Rosenberg tulis? || The Washington Post <> Apakah frasa tangkapan Lawrence Toppman dari Observer Charlotte yang digunakan untuk filem itu? || Bosan, James Bored <> Christopher Orr dari New Yorker berkata apa tentang Specter? || <> Lawrence Toppman dari The Observer Boston memanggil Craig tentang prestasi apa? || <> Alyssa Rosenberg dari The Observer Washington berkata tentang filem itu? || <> Lawrence Orr menulis untuk The Charlotte apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which Atlantic writer gave a negative review of Spectre?", "id": "56cef65baab44d1400b88d35", "answers": [{"text": "Christopher Orr", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What adjective did Lawrence Toppman use to describe Craig's portrayal of James Bond?", "id": "56cef65baab44d1400b88d36", "answers": [{"text": "Bored", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What publication does Alyssa Rosenberg write for?", "id": "56cef65baab44d1400b88d37", "answers": [{"text": "The Washington Post", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the catch phrase Lawrence Toppman of the Charlotte Observer used for the film?", "id": "56cf6093aab44d1400b89180", "answers": [{"text": "Bored, James Bored", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "backslides on virtually every [aspect]", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "Christopher Orr of the New Yorker said what about Spectre?", "id": "5ad24762d7d075001a428b32", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bored, James Bored", "answer_start": 201}], "question": "Lawrence Toppman of The Boston Observer called Craig's performance what?", "id": "5ad24762d7d075001a428b33", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a disappointingly conventional Bond film", "answer_start": 307}], "question": "Alyssa Rosenberg of The Washington Observer said what about the film?", "id": "5ad24762d7d075001a428b34", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Observer", "answer_start": 164}], "question": "Lawrence Orr writes for The Charlotte what?", "id": "5ad24762d7d075001a428b35", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Christopher Orr, writing in The Atlantic, also criticised the film, saying that Spectre \"backslides on virtually every [aspect]\". Lawrence Toppman of The Charlotte Observer called Craig's performance \"Bored, James Bored.\" Alyssa Rosenberg, writing for The Washington Post, stated that the film turned into \"a disappointingly conventional Bond film.\""}]], [["(Gempa bumi 6,1 pada 30 Ogos 2008 di selatan Sichuan bukanlah sebahagian daripada siri ini kerana ia disebabkan oleh kesalahan yang berbeza. Lihat gempa bumi Panzhihua 2008 untuk butiran.) <> Bilakah gempa bumi ini berlaku? || 30 Ogos 2008 <> Di manakah gempa bumi ini berlaku? || selatan Sichuan <> Mengapa tidak termasuk dalam siri ini? || kerana ia disebabkan oleh kesalahan yang berbeza. <> Di manakah anda perlu mencari maklumat lanjut? || 2008 Gempa bumi Panzhihua <> Di mana gempa bumi 30 Ogos 2008? || selatan Sichuan <> Apakah magnitud gempa selatan Sichuan? || Cik 6.1 <> Apakah gempa bumi yang berlaku di selatan Sichuan? || Gempa bumi Panzhihua", {"qas": [{"question": "When did this earthquake occur?", "id": "56cdd10962d2951400fa689f", "answers": [{"text": "August 30, 2008", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did this earthquake occur?", "id": "56cdd10962d2951400fa68a0", "answers": [{"text": "southern Sichuan", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why was it not included in the series?", "id": "56cdd10962d2951400fa68a1", "answers": [{"text": "because it was caused by a different fault.", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where should you look for more details?", "id": "56cdd10962d2951400fa68a2", "answers": [{"text": "2008 Panzhihua earthquake", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the August 30, 2008 quake?", "id": "56d507269d1b871400ae05ff", "answers": [{"text": "southern Sichuan", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the magnitude of the southern Sichuan quake?", "id": "56d507269d1b871400ae0600", "answers": [{"text": "Ms 6.1", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What earthquake happened in southern Sichuan?", "id": "56d507269d1b871400ae0602", "answers": [{"text": "Panzhihua earthquake", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "(The Ms 6.1 earthquake on August 30, 2008 in southern Sichuan was not part of this series because it was caused by a different fault. See 2008 Panzhihua earthquake for details.)"}], ["Gempa bumi mempunyai magnitud 8.0 Ms dan 7.9 Mw. Pusat gempa itu terletak di Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibet dan Wilayah Autonomi Qiang, 80 km barat / barat laut ibukota wilayah Chengdu, dengan gempa utama yang berlaku pada 14: 28: 01.42 China Standard Time (06: 28: 01.42 UTC), pada 12 Mei 2008 berlangsung selama 2 minit, dalam gempa hampir 80% bangunan dimusnahkan. <> Di manakah gempa bumi itu? || Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibet dan Wilayah Autonomi Qiang <> Berapa lama gempa bumi yang terakhir? || 2 minit <> Apakah peratusan bangunan telah musnah? || 80% <> Apakah magnitud gempa itu? || 8.0 Ms dan 7.9 Mw <> Berapa lama tremor utama yang terakhir? || 2 minit <> Apakah peratusan bangunan telah musnah semasa gempa itu? || hampir 80%", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was the epicenter?", "id": "56cdcc5562d2951400fa6845", "answers": [{"text": "Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did the earthquake last?", "id": "56cdcc5562d2951400fa6847", "answers": [{"text": "2 minutes", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of buildings were destroyed?", "id": "56cdcc5562d2951400fa6848", "answers": [{"text": "80%", "answer_start": 348}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the magnitude of the earthquake?", "id": "56d4fe332ccc5a1400d833e8", "answers": [{"text": "8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did the main tremor last?", "id": "56d4fe332ccc5a1400d833eb", "answers": [{"text": "2 minutes", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of buildings were destroyed during the quake?", "id": "56d4fe332ccc5a1400d833ec", "answers": [{"text": "almost 80%", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The earthquake had a magnitude of 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw. The epicenter was in Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, 80 km west/northwest of the provincial capital of Chengdu, with its main tremor occurring at 14:28:01.42 China Standard Time (06:28:01.42 UTC), on May 12, 2008 lasting for around 2 minutes, in the quake almost 80% of buildings were destroyed."}], ["Gempa bumi Sichuan 2008 atau gempa bumi Great Sichuan yang diukur pada 8.0 Ms dan 7.9 Mw, dan berlaku pada 02:28:01 PM China Standard Time di pusat gempa bumi (06:28:01 UTC) pada 12 Mei di wilayah Sichuan, membunuh 69,197 orang dan meninggalkan 18,222 hilang. <> Dalam tahun apakah gempa bumi di Sichuan berlaku? || 2008 <> Apa yang dinamakan gempa bumi? || gempa bumi Sichuan Besar <> Berapa banyak orang terbunuh akibatnya? || 69,197 <> Tahun apa gempa Sichuan berlaku? || 2008 <> Apakah langkah gempa itu? || 8.0 Ms dan 7.9 Mw <> Pada hari apakah gempa berlaku? || 12 Mei <> Masa apa gempa terjadi? || 02:28:01 PM China Standard Time <> Berapa banyak orang yang mati? || 69,197", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the earthquake in Sichuan occur?", "id": "56cdca7862d2951400fa6826", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the earthquake named?", "id": "56cdca7862d2951400fa6827", "answers": [{"text": "the Great Sichuan earthquake", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were killed as a result?", "id": "56cdca7862d2951400fa6828", "answers": [{"text": "69,197", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the Sichuan earthquake take place?", "id": "56d4f9902ccc5a1400d833c0", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the quake measure?", "id": "56d4f9902ccc5a1400d833c1", "answers": [{"text": "8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What day did the earthquake occur?", "id": "56d4f9902ccc5a1400d833c2", "answers": [{"text": "May 12", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What time of the day did the quake happen?", "id": "56d4f9902ccc5a1400d833c3", "answers": [{"text": "02:28:01 PM China Standard Time", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people died?", "id": "56d4f9902ccc5a1400d833c4", "answers": [{"text": "69,197", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The 2008 Sichuan earthquake or the Great Sichuan earthquake, measured at 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw, and occurred at 02:28:01 PM China Standard Time at epicenter (06:28:01 UTC) on May 12 in Sichuan province, killed 69,197 people and left 18,222 missing."}], ["Antara 64 dan 104 gempa susulan utama, yang berkisar antara 4.0 hingga 6.1, dicatatkan dalam 72 jam gempa utama. Menurut undian resmi China, \"pada pukul 12:00 CST, 6 November 2008, terdapat 42,719 gempa susulan total, dimana 246 berkisar dari 4.0 MS menjadi 4.9 MS, 34 dari 5.0 MS menjadi 5.9 MS, dan 8 dari 6.0 Ms hingga 6.4 MS; aftershock terkuat diukur 6.4 MS. \" Aftershock terkini yang melebihi M6 berlaku pada 5 Ogos 2008. <> Berapa banyak gempa susulan yang berlaku? || Antara 64 dan 104 <> Bilakah gegaran gempa susulan? || dalam masa 72 jam dari gempa utama. <> Bilakah berlaku magnitudo magnitud 6 selepas kejadian? || pada 5 Ogos 2008 <> Berapa banyak gempa susulan di sana dalam masa 72 jam? || Antara 64 dan 104 <> Apa yang dikatakan orang Cina adalah jumlah kejutan selepas gempa itu? || 42,719 <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh langkah pencegahan yang paling kuat? || 6.4 MS <> Berapa banyak kejutan antara 4.0 MS hingga 4.9 MS? || 246 <> Pada tarikh apa yang berlaku pada masa lampaaran yang paling baru di atas 6 MS berlaku? || 5 Ogos 2008", {"qas": [{"question": "How many aftershocks were there?", "id": "56cdd08862d2951400fa6894", "answers": [{"text": "Between 64 and 104", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the aftershocks recorded?", "id": "56cdd08862d2951400fa6896", "answers": [{"text": "within 72 hours of the main quake.", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the latest magnitude 6 aftershock occur?", "id": "56cdd08862d2951400fa6898", "answers": [{"text": "on August 5, 2008", "answer_start": 421}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many aftershocks were there within 72 hours?", "id": "56d505f99d1b871400ae05f5", "answers": [{"text": "Between 64 and 104", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do the Chinese say is the total number of shocks after the quake?", "id": "56d505f99d1b871400ae05f6", "answers": [{"text": "42,719", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the strongest aftershock measure?", "id": "56d505f99d1b871400ae05f7", "answers": [{"text": "6.4 MS", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many shocks ranged from 4.0 MS to 4.9 MS?", "id": "56d505f99d1b871400ae05f8", "answers": [{"text": "246", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what date did the most recent aftershock above 6 MS occur?", "id": "56d505f99d1b871400ae05f9", "answers": [{"text": "August 5, 2008", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Between 64 and 104 major aftershocks, ranging in magnitude from 4.0 to 6.1, were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake. According to Chinese official counts, \"by 12:00 CST, November 6, 2008 there had been 42,719 total aftershocks, of which 246 ranged from 4.0 MS to 4.9 MS, 34 from 5.0 MS to 5.9 MS, and 8 from 6.0 Ms to 6.4 MS; the strongest aftershock measured 6.4 MS.\" The latest aftershock exceeding M6 occurred on August 5, 2008."}], ["Dalam kajian Geologi Amerika Syarikat (USGS), model pecah awal gempa bumi menunjukkan anjakan sehingga 9 meter sepanjang kesalahan kira-kira 240 km panjang dengan kedalaman 20 km. Gempa bumi menjana ubah bentuk permukaan lebih besar daripada 3 meter dan meningkatkan tekanan (dan kebarangkalian berlakunya kejadian masa depan) di hujung timur laut dan barat daya kesilapan. Pada 20 Mei, seismologi USGS, Tom Parsons memberi amaran bahawa terdapat \"risiko tinggi\" yang besar dalam 7 minggu selepas bulan atau bulan. <> Seberapa besar pergeseran itu? || sehingga 9 meter <> Siapa yang memberi amaran tentang kemungkinan aktiviti seismik di kawasan itu dahulu? || Tom Parsons <> Apa yang ditunjukkan oleh Penyiasatan Geologi Amerika Syarikat sebagai jumlah anjakan? || 9 meter <> Berapa lama kesalahan di mana gempa terjadi? || 240 km panjang <> Seberapa jauh adalah kesalahan? || 20 km jauh <> Di manakah kesalahan adalah kemungkinan gempa bumi masa depan meningkat? || timur laut dan barat daya berakhir <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh Tom Parsons sebagai faktor risiko bagi gempa masa depan yang kuat? || berisiko tinggi", {"qas": [{"question": "How large was the displacement?", "id": "56cdcebe62d2951400fa6862", "answers": [{"text": "up to 9 meters", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who warned of possible seismic activity in the area beforehand?", "id": "56cdcebe62d2951400fa6866", "answers": [{"text": "Tom Parsons", "answer_start": 426}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the United States Geological Survey show as the amount of displacement?", "id": "56d5027a9d1b871400ae05e1", "answers": [{"text": "9 meters", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long was the fault where the quake occurred?", "id": "56d5027a9d1b871400ae05e2", "answers": [{"text": "240 km long", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How deep is the fault?", "id": "56d5027a9d1b871400ae05e3", "answers": [{"text": "20 km deep", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where on the fault is the possibility of future earthquakes increased?", "id": "56d5027a9d1b871400ae05e4", "answers": [{"text": "northeastern and southwestern ends", "answer_start": 348}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Tom Parsons consider as the risk factor for strong future quakes?", "id": "56d5027a9d1b871400ae05e5", "answers": [{"text": "high risk", "answer_start": 460}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In a United States Geological Survey (USGS) study, preliminary rupture models of the earthquake indicated displacement of up to 9 meters along a fault approximately 240 km long by 20 km deep. The earthquake generated deformations of the surface greater than 3 meters and increased the stress (and probability of occurrence of future events) at the northeastern and southwestern ends of the fault. On May 20, USGS seismologist Tom Parsons warned that there is \"high risk\" of a major M>7 aftershock over the next weeks or months."}], ["Menurut satu kajian oleh Pentadbiran Gempa bumi China (CEA), gempa bumi berlaku sepanjang kesilapan Longmenshan, struktur tujahan di sepanjang sempadan Indo-Australian Plate dan Eurasian Plate. Aktiviti seismik tertumpu pada pertengahan retak (dikenali sebagai patah Yingxiu-Beichuan). Pecah pecah hampir 120 saat, dengan majoriti tenaga dikeluarkan pada 80 saat pertama. Bermula dari Wenchuan, pecah dibiakkan pada kelajuan purata 3.1 kilometer per detik 49 \u00b0 arah timur laut, merosot sebanyak 300 km. Anjakan maksimum berjumlah 9 meter. Tumpuannya lebih dalam daripada 10 km. <> Mengenai apa kesalahan yang terjadi pada gempa bumi? || Longmenshan kesalahan <> Di manakah kesalahan Longmenshan terletak? || di sepanjang sempadan Piring Indo-Australia dan Plat Eurasia <> Berapa lamakah pecah terakhir? || 120 sec <> Seberapa jauh tumpuan gempa bumi? || 10 km <> Sepanjang apa gila kesalahan berlaku gempa itu? || Longmenshan fault <> Di mana patah apakah tumpuan gempa itu? || Pecahan Yingxiu-Beichuan <> Apabila paling banyak tenaga dikeluarkan semasa letusan awal? || pertama 80 saat. <> Apa gunaan yang paling disebabkan oleh gempa bumi? || 9 meter", {"qas": [{"question": "On what fault did the earthquake occur?", "id": "56cdccd962d2951400fa684e", "answers": [{"text": "Longmenshan fault", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Longmenshan fault located?", "id": "56cdccd962d2951400fa684f", "answers": [{"text": "along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did the rupture last?", "id": "56cdccd962d2951400fa6850", "answers": [{"text": "120 sec", "answer_start": 323}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How deep was the focus of the earthquake?", "id": "56cdccd962d2951400fa6852", "answers": [{"text": "10 km", "answer_start": 613}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along what fault line did the quake happen?", "id": "56d5005d2ccc5a1400d833f2", "answers": [{"text": "Longmenshan fault", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On which fracture did the quake focus?", "id": "56d5005d2ccc5a1400d833f4", "answers": [{"text": "Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When wasmost of the energy released during the initial eruption?", "id": "56d5005d2ccc5a1400d833f5", "answers": [{"text": "first 80 sec.", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the most displacement caused by the earthquake?", "id": "56d5005d2ccc5a1400d833f6", "answers": [{"text": "9 meters", "answer_start": 577}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to a study by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA), the earthquake occurred along the Longmenshan fault, a thrust structure along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate. Seismic activities concentrated on its mid-fracture (known as Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture). The rupture lasted close to 120 sec, with the majority of energy released in the first 80 sec. Starting from Wenchuan, the rupture propagated at an average speed of 3.1 kilometers per second 49\u00b0 toward north east, rupturing a total of about 300 km. Maximum displacement amounted to 9 meters. The focus was deeper than 10 km."}], ["Ia juga dikenali sebagai gempa Wenchuan (Cina: \u6c76\u5ddd \u5927 \u5730\u9707; pinyin: W\u00e8nchu\u0101n d\u00e0 d\u00eczh\u00e8n; secara literal: \"Gempa bumi Great Wenchuan\"), selepas lokasi pusat gempa bumi, Wenchuan County, Sichuan. Pusat gempa itu adalah 80 kilometer (50 mi) barat laut barat Chengdu, ibu kota, dengan kedalaman tumpuan 19 km (12 mi). Gempa bumi juga dirasai di negara-negara berdekatan dan sejauh Beijing dan Shanghai-1,500 km (930 mi) dan 1,700 km (1,060 mi) jauh-di mana bangunan pejabat bergoyang dengan gegaran. Gempa susulan yang kuat, beberapa yang melampaui magnitud 6, terus mencecah kawasan itu beberapa bulan selepas gempa utama, menyebabkan kecederaan dan kerosakan baru. <> Di mana bandar-bandar yang jauh di negara lain dapat merasakan gempa bumi? || Beijing dan Shanghai <> Apakah kedalaman fokus gempa bumi? || 19 km <> Berapa lama selepas gempa susulan gempa susulan? || bulan selepas <> Apakah nama lain untuk gempa bumi di Sichuan? || gempa Wenchuan <> Di manakah gempa bumi gempa bumi? || Wenchuan County, Sichuan <> Seberapa jauh dari Chengdu? || 80 kilometer <> Apakah kedalaman fokus gempa itu? || 19 km", {"qas": [{"question": "Which far away cities in other countries could feel the earthquake?", "id": "56cdcb2c62d2951400fa6830", "answers": [{"text": "Beijing and Shanghai", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the focal depth of the earthquake?", "id": "56cdcb2c62d2951400fa6833", "answers": [{"text": "19 km", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long after the earthquake were aftershocks felt?", "id": "56cdcb2c62d2951400fa6834", "answers": [{"text": "months after", "answer_start": 601}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for the earthquake in Sichuan?", "id": "56d4fb6f2ccc5a1400d833d4", "answers": [{"text": "the Wenchuan earthquake", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the epicenter of the earthquake?", "id": "56d4fb6f2ccc5a1400d833d5", "answers": [{"text": "Wenchuan County, Sichuan", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How far was it from Chengdu?", "id": "56d4fb6f2ccc5a1400d833d6", "answers": [{"text": "80 kilometres", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the focal depth of the quake?", "id": "56d4fb6f2ccc5a1400d833d7", "answers": [{"text": "19 km", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It is also known as the Wenchuan earthquake (Chinese: \u6c76\u5ddd\u5927\u5730\u9707; pinyin: W\u00e8nchu\u0101n d\u00e0 d\u00eczh\u00e8n; literally: \"Great Wenchuan earthquake\"), after the location of the earthquake's epicenter, Wenchuan County, Sichuan. The epicenter was 80 kilometres (50 mi) west-northwest of Chengdu, the provincial capital, with a focal depth of 19 km (12 mi). The earthquake was also felt in nearby countries and as far away as both Beijing and Shanghai\u20141,500 km (930 mi) and 1,700 km (1,060 mi) away\u2014where office buildings swayed with the tremor. Strong aftershocks, some exceeding magnitude 6, continued to hit the area even months after the main quake, causing new casualties and damage."}], ["Ahli seismologi Jepun, Yuji Yagi di Universiti Tsukuba berkata, gempa bumi itu berlaku dalam dua peringkat: \"Longmenshan 155-batu Kerosakan runtuh dalam dua bahagian, yang pertama merobek kira-kira tujuh meter, diikuti oleh yang kedua yang menjulang empat meter.\" Data beliau juga menunjukkan bahawa gempa bumi berlangsung sekitar dua minit dan mengeluarkan 30 kali tenaga gempa Great Hanshin tahun 1995 di Jepun, yang menewaskan lebih dari 6,000 orang. Beliau menegaskan bahawa ketinggian pusat gempa bumi dan kepadatan penduduknya telah meningkatkan keparahan gempa bumi. Teruyuki Kato, ahli seismologi di University of Tokyo, berkata gelombang gempa gempa mengembara jarak jauh tanpa kehilangan kekuatan mereka kerana ketegasan medan di pusat China. Menurut laporan dari Chengdu, ibukota wilayah Sichuan, gegaran gempa bumi berlangsung selama kira-kira dua atau tiga minit. <> Berapa banyak orang terbunuh dalam gempa Hanshin? || 6,000 orang <> Bagaimana Yuji Yagi mengatakan gempa itu berlaku? || dalam dua peringkat <> Apakah kesalahan yang teruk di dua tempat? || <> Selain ketumpatan penduduk, apa lagi yang menyumbang kepada keterukan gempa itu? || ketinggian pusat gempa <> Seberapa besar kekuatan tenaga gempa ini daripada yang dikeluarkan dalam gempa bumi 1995 di Jepun? || 30 kali <> Mengapa ombak seismik pergi sejauh ini? || ketegasan rupa bumi", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people were killed in the Hanshin earthquake?", "id": "56cdcff062d2951400fa6884", "answers": [{"text": "6,000 people", "answer_start": 423}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did Yuji Yagi say the quake happened?", "id": "56d504539d1b871400ae05eb", "answers": [{"text": "in two stages", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What fault tore in two places?", "id": "56d504539d1b871400ae05ec", "answers": [{"text": "Longmenshan Fault", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides the population density, what else contributed to the severity of the quake?", "id": "56d504539d1b871400ae05ed", "answers": [{"text": "shallowness of the epicenter", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much greater was the energy of this quake than that released in the earthquake of 1995 in Japan?", "id": "56d504539d1b871400ae05ee", "answers": [{"text": "30 times", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did the seismic waves travel so far?", "id": "56d504539d1b871400ae05ef", "answers": [{"text": "firmness of the terrain", "answer_start": 736}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Japanese seismologist Yuji Yagi at the University of Tsukuba said that the earthquake occurred in two stages: \"The 155-mile Longmenshan Fault tore in two sections, the first one ripping about seven yards, followed by a second one that sheared four yards.\" His data also showed that the earthquake lasted about two minutes and released 30 times the energy of the Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995 in Japan, which killed over 6,000 people. He pointed out that the shallowness of the epicenter and the density of population greatly increased the severity of the earthquake. Teruyuki Kato, a seismologist at the University of Tokyo, said that the seismic waves of the quake traveled a long distance without losing their power because of the firmness of the terrain in central China. According to reports from Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, the earthquake tremors lasted for \"about two or three minutes\"."}], ["Angka rasmi (sehingga 21 Julai 2008 12:00 CST) menyatakan bahawa 69,197 telah disahkan mati, termasuk 68,636 di wilayah Sichuan, dan 374,176 cedera, dengan 18,222 disenaraikan sebagai hilang. Gempa bumi itu menyebabkan kira-kira 4.8 juta orang kehilangan tempat tinggal, walaupun bilangannya adalah seramai 11 juta orang. Kira-kira 15 juta orang tinggal di kawasan yang terjejas. Ia adalah gempa paling dahsyat yang melanda China sejak gempa bumi Tangshan tahun 1976, yang menewaskan sekurang-kurangnya 240,000 orang, dan terkuat di negara ini sejak gempa bumi Chayu 1950, yang mencatatkan pada 8.5 pada skala magnitud Richter. Ia adalah gempa paling dahsyat ke-21 sepanjang zaman. Pada 6 November 2008, kerajaan pusat mengumumkan bahawa ia akan membelanjakan 1 trilion RMB (kira-kira AS $ 146.5 bilion) dalam tempoh tiga tahun akan datang untuk membina semula kawasan yang dilanda gempa bumi, sebagai sebahagian daripada program rangsangan ekonomi China. <> Berapa ramai orang yang disahkan mati? || 69,197 <> Berapa banyak orang yang disahkan mati hanya di wilayah Sichuan? || 68,636 <> Berapa ramai orang yang kehilangan tempat tinggal akibat gempa bumi? || 4.8 juta <> Berapa banyak orang yang tinggal di kawasan yang terjejas? || 15 juta <> Berapa banyak wang yang didedikasikan untuk membina semula kawasan yang dilancarkan? || 1 trilion RMB <> Berapa banyak orang mati di Provinsi Sichuan? || 68,636 <> Berapa ramai yang cedera di Sichuan? || 374,176 <> Berapa ramai yang disenaraikan sebagai hilang? || 18,222 <> Berapa ramai orang kehilangan tempat tinggal kerana gempa itu? || 4.8 juta <> Berapakah jumlah yang tidak boleh tuna pergi? || 11 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people were confirmed dead?", "id": "56cdcbb762d2951400fa683a", "answers": [{"text": "69,197", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were confirmed dead only in the Sichuan province?", "id": "56cdcbb762d2951400fa683b", "answers": [{"text": "68,636", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were left homeless because of the earthquake?", "id": "56cdcbb762d2951400fa683c", "answers": [{"text": "4.8 million", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people lived in the affected area?", "id": "56cdcbb762d2951400fa683d", "answers": [{"text": "15 million", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money was dedicated to rebuild ravaged areas?", "id": "56cdcbb762d2951400fa683e", "answers": [{"text": "1 trillion RMB", "answer_start": 708}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people died in Sichuan Province?", "id": "56d4fca52ccc5a1400d833de", "answers": [{"text": "68,636", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many were injured in Sichuan?", "id": "56d4fca52ccc5a1400d833df", "answers": [{"text": "374,176", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people are listed as missing?", "id": "56d4fca52ccc5a1400d833e0", "answers": [{"text": "18,222", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people are homeless because of the quake?", "id": "56d4fca52ccc5a1400d833e1", "answers": [{"text": "4.8 million", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How high could the homeless number possibly go?", "id": "56d4fca52ccc5a1400d833e2", "answers": [{"text": "11 million", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Official figures (as of July 21, 2008 12:00 CST) stated that 69,197 were confirmed dead, including 68,636 in Sichuan province, and 374,176 injured, with 18,222 listed as missing. The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million. Approximately 15 million people lived in the affected area. It was the deadliest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed at least 240,000 people, and the strongest in the country since the 1950 Chayu earthquake, which registered at 8.5 on the Richter magnitude scale. It is the 21st deadliest earthquake of all time. On November 6, 2008, the central government announced that it would spend 1 trillion RMB (about US $146.5 billion) over the next three years to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake, as part of the Chinese economic stimulus program."}], ["Yazhou Zhoukan yang berpangkalan di Malaysia melakukan temu bual dengan bekas penyelidik di Biro Seismologi China Geng Qingguo (\u803f\u5e86\u56fd), di mana Geng mendakwa bahawa laporan bertulis rahsia dihantar ke Biro Seismologi Negeri pada 30 April 2008, memberi amaran tentang kemungkinan berlakunya gempa bumi yang besar di Wilayah Wilayah Ngawa di Sichuan sekitar 8 Mei, dengan pelbagai 10 hari sebelum atau selepas gempa itu. Geng, sambil mengakui bahawa ramalan gempa secara luas dianggap masalah oleh masyarakat saintifik, percaya bahawa \"semakin besar gempa bumi, semakin mudah untuk diramalkan.\" Geng telah lama cuba untuk mewujudkan hubungan antara berlakunya kemarau dan gempa bumi; Perdana Menteri Zhou Enlai dilaporkan mengambil minat dalam kerja Geng. Teori korelasi gempa bumi gempa pertama kali dikeluarkan pada tahun 1972, dan dikatakan telah berjaya meramalkan gempa bumi Tangshan 1975 Haicheng dan 1976. Artikel Yazhou Zhoukan yang sama menunjukkan kesulitan yang berkaitan dengan meramalkan gempa bumi. Sebagai tindak balas, seorang pegawai dengan Biro Seismologi menyatakan bahawa \"ramalan gempa secara luas diakui di seluruh dunia menjadi sukar dari sudut saintifik.\" Pegawai itu juga menafikan bahawa Biro Seismologi telah menerima laporan yang meramalkan gempa bumi. <> Bilakah laporan bertulis rahsia dihantar ke Biro Seismologi Negeri? || 30 April 2008 <> Kapan teori korelasi gempa bumi geng dibebaskan? || 1972 <> Apa yang dikatakan penyelidik Geng Qingguo dihantar ke Biro Seismologi Negeri? || laporan bertulis <> Apa laporan ini memberi amaran? || gempa bumi yang besar di Wilayah Ngawa <> Apakah masa yang diramalkan gempa itu? || sekitar 8 Mei <> Apa yang Geng cuba untuk mewujudkan hubungan dengan gempa bumi? || kekeringan <> Apa yang disangkakan oleh seorang pegawai dengan Biro Seismologi? || laporan meramalkan gempa bumi", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the confidential written report sent to the State Seismological Bureau?", "id": "56cdce0b62d2951400fa6858", "answers": [{"text": "April 30, 2008", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Geng's drought-earthquake correlation theory released?", "id": "56cdce0b62d2951400fa685b", "answers": [{"text": "1972", "answer_start": 840}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did researcher Geng Qingguo say was sent to the State Seismological Bureau?", "id": "56d67a8d1c8504140094714d", "answers": [{"text": "written report", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did this report warn about?", "id": "56d67a8d1c8504140094714e", "answers": [{"text": "significant earthquake in Ngawa Prefecture", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the predicted time of the quake?", "id": "56d67a8d1c8504140094714f", "answers": [{"text": "around May 8", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Geng long try to establish as a relationship with earthquakes?", "id": "56d67a8d1c85041400947150", "answers": [{"text": "droughts", "answer_start": 684}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did an official with the Seismological Bureau deny receiving?", "id": "56d67a8d1c85041400947151", "answers": [{"text": "reports predicting the earthquake", "answer_start": 1290}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Malaysia-based Yazhou Zhoukan conducted an interview with former researcher at the China Seismological Bureau Geng Qingguo (\u803f\u5e86\u56fd), in which Geng claimed that a confidential written report was sent to the State Seismological Bureau on April 30, 2008, warning about the possible occurrence of a significant earthquake in Ngawa Prefecture region of Sichuan around May 8, with a range of 10 days before or after the quake. Geng, while acknowledging that earthquake prediction was broadly considered problematic by the scientific community, believed that \"the bigger the earthquake, the easier it is to predict.\" Geng had long attempted to establish a correlation between the occurrence of droughts and earthquakes; Premier Zhou Enlai reportedly took an interest in Geng's work. Geng's drought-earthquake correlation theory was first released in 1972, and said to have successfully predicted the 1975 Haicheng and 1976 Tangshan earthquakes. The same Yazhou Zhoukan article pointed out the inherent difficulties associated with predicting earthquakes. In response, an official with the Seismological Bureau stated that \"earthquake prediction is widely acknowledged around the world to be difficult from a scientific standpoint.\" The official also denied that the Seismological Bureau had received reports predicting the earthquake."}], ["China Mobile mempunyai lebih daripada 2,300 stesen pangkalan yang digantung kerana gangguan kuasa atau kesesakan lalu lintas telekomunikasi yang teruk. Separuh komunikasi tanpa wayar hilang di wilayah Sichuan. Perkhidmatan China Unicom di Wenchuan dan empat daerah berhampiran telah dipotong, dengan lebih daripada 700 menara dihentikan. <> Berapa banyak stesen pangkalan China Mobile telah digantung? || 2,300 <> Berapa banyak menara Unicom digantung? || lebih daripada 700 <> Berapa banyak stesen pangkalan China Mobile berhenti bekerja? || 2,300 <> Selain gangguan kuasa, apa yang menyebabkan telekomunikasi digantung? || kesesakan lalu lintas <> Berapa banyak komunikasi wayarles gagal di Sichuan? || Setengah <> Khidmat siapa di Wenchuan dipotong? || China Unicom <> Berapa banyak menara China Unicom dipotong? || 700", {"qas": [{"question": "How many base stations did China Mobile have suspended?", "id": "56cde11f62d2951400fa694c", "answers": [{"text": "2,300", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Unicom towers were suspended?", "id": "56cde11f62d2951400fa694f", "answers": [{"text": "more than 700", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many China Mobile base stations stopped working?", "id": "56d5202a2593cc1400307a93", "answers": [{"text": "2,300", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides power disruption, what caused telecommunications to be suspended?", "id": "56d5202a2593cc1400307a94", "answers": [{"text": "traffic congestion", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many wireless communications failed in Sichuan?", "id": "56d5202a2593cc1400307a95", "answers": [{"text": "Half", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose service in Wenchuan was cut off?", "id": "56d5202a2593cc1400307a96", "answers": [{"text": "China Unicom", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of China Unicom's towers were cut?", "id": "56d5202a2593cc1400307a97", "answers": [{"text": "700", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "China Mobile had more than 2,300 base stations suspended due to power disruption or severe telecommunication traffic congestion. Half of the wireless communications were lost in the Sichuan province. China Unicom's service in Wenchuan and four nearby counties was cut off, with more than 700 towers suspended."}], ["Kedua-dua Bursa Saham Shanghai dan Bursa Saham Shenzhen menggantung dagangan syarikat-syarikat yang berpusat di barat daya China. Tembaga naik spekulasi bahawa pengeluaran di barat daya China mungkin terjejas, dan harga minyak merosot ke atas spekulasi bahawa permintaan dari China akan jatuh. <> Di manakah pertukaran berdasarkan? || barat daya China <> Apa logam naik dalam nilai? || Tembaga <> Apa sumber semula jadi jatuh dalam nilai? || minyak <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh Bursa Saham Shanghai? || perdagangan yang ditangguhkan <> Di manakah syarikat-syarikat yang berada di pasaran saham yang digantung? || barat daya China <> Apa logam meningkat kerana spekulasi? || Tembaga <> Selain Bursa Saham Shanghai, apa pertukaran lain yang menggantung perdagangan stok barat daya China? || Bursa Saham Shenzhen", {"qas": [{"question": "Where were the exchanges based?", "id": "56cddfff62d2951400fa693f", "answers": [{"text": "southwestern China", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What metal rose in value?", "id": "56cddfff62d2951400fa6940", "answers": [{"text": "Copper", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What natural resource dropped in value?", "id": "56cddfff62d2951400fa6941", "answers": [{"text": "oil", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Shanghai Stock Exchange do?", "id": "56d51d272593cc1400307a7f", "answers": [{"text": "suspended trading", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were companies located that had their stock trading suspended?", "id": "56d51d272593cc1400307a80", "answers": [{"text": "southwestern China", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What metal rose due to speculation?", "id": "56d51d272593cc1400307a81", "answers": [{"text": "Copper", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides the Shanghai Stock Exchange, what other exchange suspended trading of southwestern China stock?", "id": "56d51d272593cc1400307a83", "answers": [{"text": "Shenzhen Stock Exchange", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Both the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspended trading of companies based in southwestern China. Copper rose over speculations that production in southwestern China may be affected, and oil prices dropped over speculations that demand from China would fall."}], ["Loji Kuasa Hidupan Laut Zipingpu (bahasa Cina: \u7d2b\u576a\u94fa \u6c34\u5e93; bahasa Cina tradisional: \u7d2b\u576a\u92ea \u6c34\u5eab) terletak 20 km di timur pusat gempa bumi itu rosak. Pemeriksaan baru-baru ini menunjukkan bahawa kerosakan kurang teruk daripada pada awalnya ditakuti, dan ia kekal stabil dan selamat dari segi struktur. The reservoir Bantuan hulu berada dalam bahaya runtuh. Kira-kira 2,000 tentera telah diperuntukkan kepada Zipingpu, cuba melepaskan tekanan melalui tumpahan. Keseluruhannya, 391 empangan, kebanyakannya kecil, dilaporkan rosak oleh gempa bumi itu. <> Apakah kilang kuasa yang rosak? || Loji Hidroelektrik <> Seberapa jauh loji yang terletak di pusat gempa itu? || 20 km timur <> Berapa banyak tentera yang diperuntukkan kepada Zipingpu? || 2,000 <> Berapa banyak empangan yang rosak? || 391 <> Apakah kilang kuasa yang rosak akibat gempa bumi? || Zipingpu Hydropower Plant <> Berapa dekat dengan pusat gempa itu ialah loji janakuasa? || 20 km <> Apa yang telah diperiksa baru-baru ini tentang kerosakan pada loji kuasa? || kurang teruk <> Apa yang mungkin runtuh hulu dari loji kuasa? || Bantuan takungan <> Berapakah jumlah bilangan empangan yang rosak? || 391", {"qas": [{"question": "What power plant was damaged?", "id": "56cde29b62d2951400fa6968", "answers": [{"text": "Hydropower Plant", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How far away was the plant located from the epicenter?", "id": "56cde29b62d2951400fa6969", "answers": [{"text": "20 km east", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many troops were allocated to Zipingpu?", "id": "56cde29b62d2951400fa696b", "answers": [{"text": "2,000", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many dams were damaged?", "id": "56cde29b62d2951400fa696c", "answers": [{"text": "391", "answer_start": 432}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What power plant was damaged by the earthquake?", "id": "56d523bd2593cc1400307aa7", "answers": [{"text": "Zipingpu Hydropower Plant", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How near to the epicenter was the power plant?", "id": "56d523bd2593cc1400307aa8", "answers": [{"text": "20 km", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has a recent inspection found about the damage to the power plant?", "id": "56d523bd2593cc1400307aa9", "answers": [{"text": "less severe", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What might possibly collapse upstream from the power plant?", "id": "56d523bd2593cc1400307aaa", "answers": [{"text": "Tulong reservoir", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the total number of dams damaged?", "id": "56d523bd2593cc1400307aab", "answers": [{"text": "391", "answer_start": 432}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Zipingpu Hydropower Plant (simplified Chinese: \u7d2b\u576a\u94fa\u6c34\u5e93; traditional Chinese: \u7d2b\u576a\u92ea\u6c34\u5eab) located 20 km east of the epicenter was damaged. A recent inspection indicated that the damage was less severe than initially feared, and it remains structurally stable and safe. The Tulong reservoir upstream is in danger of collapse. About 2,000 troops have been allocated to Zipingpu, trying to release the pressure through spillway. In total, 391 dams, most of them small, were reported damaged by the quake."}], ["Wartawan di Chengdu berkata mereka melihat keretakan di dinding beberapa bangunan kediaman di kawasan pusat bandar, tetapi tiada bangunan runtuh. Banyak menara pejabat Beijing dipindahkan, termasuk bangunan perumahan pejabat media untuk penganjur Olimpik Musim Panas 2008. Tiada tempat Olimpik rosak. Sementara itu, sebuah kargo kereta api yang membawa 13 tangki petrol tergelincir di Hui County, Gansu, dan terbakar apabila kereta api itu diputarbelitkan. <> Dimana para wartawan mengatakan mereka melihat keretakan pada dinding beberapa bangunan? || di Chengdu <> Di manakah menara pejabat dipindahkan? || Beijing <> Di mana keretapi kargo menjejaskan akibatnya? || Hui County, Gansu <> Apa yang berlaku dengan kereta kargo? || tertangkap terbakar <> Apa yang dilaporkan di Chengdu? || retak di dinding <> Apa yang dipindahkan di Beijing? || menara pejabat <> Apa bahagian kawasan Olimpik tidak rosak? || tempat <> Di manakah kereta kargo menjejaskan? || Hui County, Gansu <> Mengapa kereta api menangkap api? || kereta api telah diputarbelitkan", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did the reporters say they saw cracks on walls of some buildings?", "id": "56cddec762d2951400fa692c", "answers": [{"text": "in Chengdu", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were office towers evacuated?", "id": "56cddec762d2951400fa692d", "answers": [{"text": "Beijing", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did a cargo train derail as a result?", "id": "56cddec762d2951400fa692e", "answers": [{"text": "Hui County, Gansu", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened to the cargo train?", "id": "56cddec762d2951400fa692f", "answers": [{"text": "caught on fire", "answer_start": 398}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was reported in Chengdu?", "id": "56d519a82593cc1400307a6b", "answers": [{"text": "cracks on walls", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was evacuated in Beijing?", "id": "56d519a82593cc1400307a6c", "answers": [{"text": "office towers", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of the Olympic area was not damaged?", "id": "56d519a82593cc1400307a6d", "answers": [{"text": "venues", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did a cargo train derail?", "id": "56d519a82593cc1400307a6e", "answers": [{"text": "Hui County, Gansu", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did the train catch fire?", "id": "56d519a82593cc1400307a6f", "answers": [{"text": "rail was distorted", "answer_start": 423}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Reporters in Chengdu said they saw cracks on walls of some residential buildings in the downtown areas, but no buildings collapsed. Many Beijing office towers were evacuated, including the building housing the media offices for the organizers of the 2008 Summer Olympics. None of the Olympic venues were damaged. Meanwhile, a cargo train carrying 13 petrol tanks derailed in Hui County, Gansu, and caught on fire after the rail was distorted."}], ["Sejurus selepas peristiwa gempa, telekomunikasi bergerak dan darat dipotong ke kawasan terjejas dan sekitarnya, dengan semua keupayaan internet dipotong ke kawasan Sichuan juga. Unsur-unsur telekomunikasi telah dipulihkan oleh sekeping kerajaan demi bilangan bulan yang akan datang apabila keadaan di wilayah Sichuan secara perlahan bertambah baik. Akhirnya, segelintir laman web berita dan media utama dibuat diakses secara online di rantau ini, walaupun dengan halaman web yang secara dramatik mengupas. <> Jenis telekomunikasi apa yang dipotong? || mudah alih dan daratan <> Keupayaan apa yang dipotong ke seluruh kawasan Sichuan? || internet <> Berapa lama masa yang diperlukan untuk keupayaan ini untuk dipulihkan? || bulan <> Apa yang dipotong selepas gempa bumi? || telekomunikasi <> Di manakah internet dipotong? || Sichuan area <> Yang memulihkan komunikasi dalam tempoh beberapa bulan? || kerajaan <> Apa perkhidmatan internet telah berkurang di kawasan itu? || berita dan laman web media <> Perkhidmatan apa yang akhirnya dalam talian lagi? || berita utama dan media", {"qas": [{"question": "What kinds of telecommunications were cut?", "id": "56cde07662d2951400fa6946", "answers": [{"text": "mobile and terrestrial", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What capabilities were cut to the entire Sichuan area?", "id": "56cde07662d2951400fa6947", "answers": [{"text": "internet", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did it take for these capabilities to be restored?", "id": "56cde07662d2951400fa6948", "answers": [{"text": "months", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was cut after the earthquake?", "id": "56d51ea52593cc1400307a89", "answers": [{"text": "telecommunications", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the internet cut?", "id": "56d51ea52593cc1400307a8a", "answers": [{"text": "Sichuan area", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who restored communications over a period of months?", "id": "56d51ea52593cc1400307a8b", "answers": [{"text": "the government", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What internet services were decreased in the area?", "id": "56d51ea52593cc1400307a8c", "answers": [{"text": "news and media websites", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What services were finally online again?", "id": "56d51ea52593cc1400307a8d", "answers": [{"text": "major news and media", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Immediately after the earthquake event, mobile and terrestrial telecommunications were cut to the affected and surrounding area, with all internet capabilities cut to the Sichuan area too. Elements of telecommunications were restored by the government piece by piece over the next number of months as the situation in the Sichuan province gradually improved. Eventually, a handful of major news and media websites were made accessible online in the region, albeit with dramatically pared back webpages."}], ["The Longmen Shan Fault System terletak di sempadan timur Tibet Plateau dan mengandungi beberapa kesalahan. Gempa bumi ini mencecah sekurang-kurangnya dua struktur imbrik dalam Longmen Shan Fault System, iaitu Kesalahan Beichuan dan Guanxian-Anxian Fault. Dalam kawasan epicentral, slip purata di Beichuan Fault adalah kira-kira 3.5 meter (11 kaki) menegak, 3.5 meter (11 kaki) mendatar-selari dengan kesalahan, dan 4.8 meter (16 kaki) mendatar-berserenjang dengan kesalahan itu. Di kawasan sekitar 30 km (19 mi) timur laut pusat gempa bumi, slip permukaan pada Beichuan Fault hampir sama dengan dextral strike-slip hingga kira-kira 3 meter (9.8 kaki), sementara slip purata dalam Guanxian-Anxian Fault adalah kira-kira 2 meter (6 kaki 7 inci) menegak dan 2.3 meter (7 kaki 7 inci) mendatar. <> Di mana terdapat Longmenshan Fault? || sempadan timur Dataran Tinggi Tibet <> Apakah slip purata di Beichuan Fault? || 3.5 meter <> Berapa besar adalah slip 30 km timur laut dari kesalahan itu? || 3 meter <> Apakah slip purata tegak pada kesalahan Guanxian-Anxian? || 2 meter <> Apakah slip purata mendatar pada kesalahan Guanxian-Anxian? || 2.3 meter <> Di manakah terletak Longmen shan fault? || Tibet Plateau <> Di manakah Beichuan dan Guanxian-Anxian Faults? || Sistem Kerosakan Longmen Shan <> Apakah slip menegak purata di Beichaun Fault? || 3.5 meter <> Apakah gelinciran mendatar di Beichuan Fault di pusat gempa? || 3.5 meter <> Apakah gelinciran mendatar tegak lurus dengan kesalahan? || 4.8 meter", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the Longmenshan Fault located?", "id": "56cdd4d762d2951400fa68cc", "answers": [{"text": "the eastern border of the Tibetan Plateau", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average slip in the Beichuan Fault?", "id": "56cdd4d762d2951400fa68cd", "answers": [{"text": "3.5 metres", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How large was the slip 30 km northeast of the fault?", "id": "56cdd4d762d2951400fa68ce", "answers": [{"text": "3 metres", "answer_start": 626}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the vertical average slip on the Guanxian-Anxian fault?", "id": "56cdd4d762d2951400fa68cf", "answers": [{"text": "2 metres", "answer_start": 703}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the horizontal average slip on the Guanxian-Anxian fault?", "id": "56cdd4d762d2951400fa68d0", "answers": [{"text": "2.3 metres", "answer_start": 737}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Longmen shan fault located?", "id": "56d516439d1b871400ae0611", "answers": [{"text": "Tibetan Plateau", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are the Beichuan and Guanxian-Anxian Faults?", "id": "56d516439d1b871400ae0612", "answers": [{"text": "Longmen Shan Fault System", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the average vertical slip in the Beichaun Fault?", "id": "56d516439d1b871400ae0613", "answers": [{"text": "3.5 metres", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the horizontal slippage in the Beichuan Fault at the epicenter?", "id": "56d516439d1b871400ae0614", "answers": [{"text": "3.5 metres", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the horizontal slippage perpendicular to the fault?", "id": "56d516439d1b871400ae0615", "answers": [{"text": "4.8 metres", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Longmen Shan Fault System is situated in the eastern border of the Tibetan Plateau and contains several faults. This earthquake ruptured at least two imbricate structures in Longmen Shan Fault System, i.e. the Beichuan Fault and the Guanxian\u2013Anxian Fault. In the epicentral area, the average slip in Beichuan Fault was about 3.5 metres (11 ft) vertical, 3.5 metres (11 ft) horizontal-parallel to the fault, and 4.8 metres (16 ft) horizontal-perpendicular to the fault. In the area about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of the epicenter, the surface slip on Beichuan Fault was almost purely dextral strike-slip up to about 3 metres (9.8 ft), while the average slip in Guanxian\u2013Anxian Fault was about 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) vertical and 2.3 metres (7 ft 7 in) horizontal."}], ["Bangunan pejabat di daerah kewangan Shanghai, termasuk Menara Jin Mao dan Menara Dunia Baru Hong Kong, telah dipindahkan. Resepsionis di Hotel Tibet di Chengdu berkata perkara-perkara yang \"tenang\" selepas hotel memindahkan tetamunya. Sementara itu, pekerja di kilang Ford di Sichuan telah dipindahkan selama kira-kira 10 minit. Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Chengdu Shuangliu ditutup, dan menara kawalan dan kawalan radar serantau dipindahkan. Satu penerbangan SilkAir telah dialihkan dan mendarat di Kunming sebagai hasilnya. Cathay Pacific menangguhkan kedua-dua kaki empat kali sehari Hong Kong ke laluan London kerana gangguan ini dalam perkhidmatan trafik udara. Lapangan Terbang Chengdu Shuangliu dibuka semula pada petang 12 Mei, menawarkan perkhidmatan terhad kerana lapangan terbang mula digunakan sebagai kawasan pementasan untuk operasi bantuan. <> Di manakah bangunan pejabat dipindahkan? || Kawasan kewangan Shanghai <> Bagaimana tetamu resepsi menggambarkan suasana selepas pemindahan? || tenang <> Berapa lamakah pekerja di Ford Plant dipindahkan? || 10 minit <> Lapangan terbang mana yang ditutup? || Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Chengdu Shuangliu <> Bilakah lapangan terbang dibuka semula? || 12 Mei <> Apa yang berlaku di bangunan pejabat di Shanghai? || telah dipindahkan <> Lapangan terbang mana yang ditutup? || Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Chengdu Shuangliu <> Mengapa penerbangan ditangguhkan dan dialihkan? || gangguan dalam perkhidmatan trafik udara <> Apa yang mereka gunakan untuk ke lapangan terbang? || operasi bantuan", {"qas": [{"question": "Where were office buildings evacuated?", "id": "56cdd63a62d2951400fa68d6", "answers": [{"text": "Shanghai's financial district", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did a receptionist describe the atmosphere after the evacuation?", "id": "56cdd63a62d2951400fa68d7", "answers": [{"text": "calm", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long were workers in Ford Plant evacuated for?", "id": "56cdd63a62d2951400fa68d8", "answers": [{"text": "10 minutes", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which airport was shut down?", "id": "56cdd63a62d2951400fa68d9", "answers": [{"text": "Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the airport re-open?", "id": "56cdd63a62d2951400fa68da", "answers": [{"text": "May 12", "answer_start": 691}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened to office buildings in Shanghai?", "id": "56d5185a9d1b871400ae061b", "answers": [{"text": "evacuated", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which airport was shut down?", "id": "56d5185a9d1b871400ae061c", "answers": [{"text": "Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why were flights delayed and diverted?", "id": "56d5185a9d1b871400ae061d", "answers": [{"text": "disruption in air traffic services", "answer_start": 596}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were they using the airport to stage for?", "id": "56d5185a9d1b871400ae061f", "answers": [{"text": "relief operations", "answer_start": 778}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Office buildings in Shanghai's financial district, including the Jin Mao Tower and the Hong Kong New World Tower, were evacuated. A receptionist at the Tibet Hotel in Chengdu said things were \"calm\" after the hotel evacuated its guests. Meanwhile, workers at a Ford plant in Sichuan were evacuated for about 10 minutes. Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport was shut down, and the control tower and regional radar control evacuated. One SilkAir flight was diverted and landed in Kunming as a result. Cathay Pacific delayed both legs of its quadruple daily Hong Kong to London route due to this disruption in air traffic services. Chengdu Shuangliu Airport reopened later on the evening of May 12, offering limited service as the airport began to be used as a staging area for relief operations."}], ["Semua lebuh raya ke Wenchuan, dan yang lain di seluruh wilayah, telah rosak, mengakibatkan ketibaan tentera menyelamat. Di Beichuan County, 80% bangunan runtuh mengikut Xinhua News. Di bandar Shifang, keruntuhan dua tanaman kimia menyebabkan kebocoran kira-kira 80 tan ammonia cair, dengan beratus-ratus orang dilaporkan dikebumikan. Di bandar Dujiangyan, tenggara pusat gempa bumi, seluruh sekolah runtuh dengan 900 pelajar terkubur dan kurang daripada 60 orang terselamat. Sekolah Menengah Juyuan, di mana ramai remaja dikebumikan, digali oleh orang awam dan kren. Dujiangyan adalah rumah Sistem Pengairan Dujiangyan, projek pelencongan air kuno yang masih digunakan dan merupakan Tapak Warisan Dunia UNESCO. Ikan Mulut yang terkenal projek itu retak tetapi tidak rosak teruk sebaliknya. <> Berapa banyak lebuh raya ke Wenchuan yang rosak? || Semua lebuh raya <> Berapa peratus daripada bangunan runtuh di Beichuan? || 80% <> Di manakah tumbuhan kimia dua runtuh? || Dujiangyan <> Berapa banyak pelajar dari 900 di sekolah, selamat dari keruntuhan? || 60 <> Jalan raya apa ke Wenchuan rosak? || Semua lebuh raya <> Apakah jalan raya yang rosak menyebabkan operasi menyelamat? || tertangguh ketibaan <> Berapa banyak bangunan di Beichuan runtuh? || 80% <> Apa yang membocorkan ammonia cair dalam Shifang? || dua loji kimia <> Berapa banyak daripada 900 pelajar yang terkubur dalam runtuhan sekolah Dujiangyan yang terselamat? || kurang daripada 60", {"qas": [{"question": "How many highways leading into Wenchuan were damaged?", "id": "56cddf9e62d2951400fa6934", "answers": [{"text": "All of the highways", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of building collapsed in Beichuan?", "id": "56cddf9e62d2951400fa6936", "answers": [{"text": "80%", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did two chemical plants collapse?", "id": "56cddf9e62d2951400fa6937", "answers": [{"text": "Dujiangyan", "answer_start": 379}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many students out of the 900 in the school, survived the collapse?", "id": "56cddf9e62d2951400fa6938", "answers": [{"text": "60", "answer_start": 485}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What highways into Wenchuan  were damaged?", "id": "56d51b832593cc1400307a75", "answers": [{"text": "All of the highways", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the damaged roadways cause to the rescue operations?", "id": "56d51b832593cc1400307a76", "answers": [{"text": "delayed arrival", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of the buildings in Beichuan collapsed?", "id": "56d51b832593cc1400307a77", "answers": [{"text": "80%", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What leaked liquid ammonia in Shifang?", "id": "56d51b832593cc1400307a78", "answers": [{"text": "two chemical plants", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of the 900 students buried in a Dujiangyan school collapse survived?", "id": "56d51b832593cc1400307a79", "answers": [{"text": "fewer than 60", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "All of the highways into Wenchuan, and others throughout the province, were damaged, resulting in delayed arrival of the rescue troops. In Beichuan County, 80% of the buildings collapsed according to Xinhua News. In the city of Shifang, the collapse of two chemical plants led to leakage of some 80 tons of liquid ammonia, with hundreds of people reported buried. In the city of Dujiangyan, south-east of the epicenter, a whole school collapsed with 900 students buried and fewer than 60 survived. The Juyuan Middle School, where many teenagers were buried, was excavated by civilians and cranes. Dujiangyan is home of the Dujiangyan Irrigation System, an ancient water diversion project which is still in use and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The project's famous Fish Mouth was cracked but not severely damaged otherwise."}], ["Pada mulanya, para pegawai tidak dapat menghubungi Rizab Alam Semulajadi Wolong, tempat sekitar 280 panda gergasi. Bagaimanapun, Kementerian Luar Negeri kemudian mengatakan bahawa sekumpulan 31 pelancong British yang melawat Wolong Panda Reserve di kawasan gempa bumi itu kembali selamat dan tidak terjejas ke Chengdu. Walau bagaimanapun, kesejahteraan bilangan panda yang lebih besar di rizab panda jiran kekal tidak diketahui. Lima pengawal keselamatan di rizab itu dibunuh oleh gempa bumi. Enam panda melarikan diri selepas penutupannya rosak. Menjelang 20 Mei, dua panda di rizab itu didapati cedera, sementara pencarian itu diteruskan untuk dua lagi panda dewasa yang hilang selepas gempa itu. Menjelang 28 Mei 2008, satu panda masih hilang. Panda yang hilang itu kemudiannya dijumpai mati di bawah runtuhan sebuah kandang. Mao Mao yang berusia sembilan tahun, ibu kepada lima orang di pusat pembiakan itu, ditemui pada hari Isnin, tubuhnya dihancurkan oleh tembok di kandangnya. Penjaga Panda dan pekerja lain meletakkan mayatnya di peti kayu kecil dan menguburkannya di luar pusat pembiakan. <> Tempat mana yang boleh dihubungi oleh pegawai? || Rizab Alam Semulajadi Wolong <> Berapa banyak panda hidup di Rizab? || sekitar 280 <> Berapa ramai pelawat Inggeris ke Rizab yang tidak terluka? || 31 <> Berapa banyak panda yang cedera? || 2 <> Apakah pusat alam semacam itu berlaku? || Rizab Alam Semulajadi Wolong <> Berapa banyak panda melepaskan rizab? || Enam <> Berapa banyak pengawal keselamatan meninggal di simpanan? || lima <> Apa panda terkenal terbunuh di bawah runtuhan? || Mao Mao", {"qas": [{"question": "What place could officials not contact?", "id": "56cde1f462d2951400fa695e", "answers": [{"text": "the Wolong National Nature Reserve", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many pandas live at the Reserve?", "id": "56cde1f462d2951400fa695f", "answers": [{"text": "around 280", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many British visitors to the Reserve left unharmed?", "id": "56cde1f462d2951400fa6960", "answers": [{"text": "31", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many pandas were injured?", "id": "56cde1f462d2951400fa6961", "answers": [{"text": "2", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nature center was cutoff?", "id": "56d521ee2593cc1400307a9d", "answers": [{"text": "Wolong National Nature Reserve", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many pandas escaped the reserve?", "id": "56d521ee2593cc1400307a9f", "answers": [{"text": "Six", "answer_start": 470}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many security guards died at the reserve?", "id": "56d521ee2593cc1400307aa0", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 834}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What famous panda was killed under the rubble?", "id": "56d521ee2593cc1400307aa1", "answers": [{"text": "Mao Mao", "answer_start": 813}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Initially, officials were unable to contact the Wolong National Nature Reserve, home to around 280 giant pandas. However, the Foreign Ministry later said that a group of 31 British tourists visiting the Wolong Panda Reserve in the quake-hit area returned safe and uninjured to Chengdu. Nonetheless, the well-being of an even greater number of pandas in the neighbouring panda reserves remained unknown. Five security guards at the reserve were killed by the earthquake. Six pandas escaped after their enclosures were damaged. By May 20, two pandas at the reserve were found to be injured, while the search continued for another two adult pandas that went missing after the quake. By May 28, 2008, one panda was still missing. The missing panda was later found dead under the rubble of an enclosure. Nine-year-old Mao Mao, a mother of five at the breeding center, was discovered on Monday, her body crushed by a wall in her enclosure. Panda keepers and other workers placed her remains in a small wooden crate and buried her outside the breeding centre."}], ["Peta intensiti gempa bumi yang diterbitkan oleh CEA selepas mengukur 500,000 km2 kawasan yang terkena menunjukkan lidi XI maksimum pada Skala Intensitas Seismik China (CSIS), digambarkan sebagai \"sangat merosakkan\" pada Skala Macroseismic Eropah (EMS) yang mana CSIS menarik rujukan. (USGS, menggunakan skala Keamatan Mercalli yang diubahsuai (CC), juga meletakkan intensiti maksimum di XI, \"sangat buruk\".) Dua garis barat laut-timur laut liedu XI berpusat di sekitar Yingxiu, Wenchuan (bandar paling dekat dengan pusat gempa bumi utama) dan Beichuan (bandar berulang-kali melanda gempa susulan yang kuat termasuk salah satu mendaftar MS 6.1 pada 1 Ogos 2008), kedua-duanya di Wilayah Sichuan, menduduki sejumlah 2,419 km2. Zon Yingziu liedu-XI adalah lebih kurang 66 km dan lebar 20 km di sepanjang Wenchuan-Dujiangyan-Pengzhou; Zon Beichuan liedu-XI adalah kira-kira 82 km panjang dan lebar 15 km di sepanjang An County-Beichuan-Pingwu. Kawasan dengan liedu X (sebanding dengan X pada EMS, \"merosakkan\" dan X pada MM, \"bencana\") merangkumi 3,144 km2. Kawasan yang terjejas oleh gempa bumi yang melebihi liedu VI berjumlah 440.442 km2, menduduki kawasan seluas 936 km dan lebar 596 km, merangkumi tiga wilayah dan satu wilayah autonomi. <> Siapa yang menerbitkan peta intensiti gempa bumi? || CEA <> Apakah tahap intensiti di? || XI <> Apakah Skala Intensiti Seismik China memanggil gempa bumi? || sangat merosakkan <> Bagaimana USGS menilai gempa bumi? || sangat dahsyat <> Bandar apakah yang paling dekat dengan pusat utama? || Yingxiu, Wenchuan", {"qas": [{"question": "Who published the map of the earthquakes intensity?", "id": "56cdd21562d2951400fa68b0", "answers": [{"text": "CEA", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the intensity scaled at?", "id": "56cdd21562d2951400fa68b2", "answers": [{"text": "XI", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the China Seismic Intensity Scale call the earthquake?", "id": "56d5098a9d1b871400ae0607", "answers": [{"text": "very destructive", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did the USGS rate the earthquake?", "id": "56d5098a9d1b871400ae0608", "answers": [{"text": "very disastrous", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What town was closest to the main epicenter?", "id": "56d5098a9d1b871400ae0609", "answers": [{"text": "Yingxiu, Wenchuan", "answer_start": 456}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The map of earthquake intensity published by CEA after surveying 500,000 km2 of the affected area shows a maximum liedu of XI on the China Seismic Intensity Scale (CSIS), described as \"very destructive\" on the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) from which CSIS drew reference. (USGS, using the Modified Mercalli intensity scale (CC), also placed maximum intensity at XI, \"very disastrous\".) Two south-west-north-east stripes of liedu XI are centered around Yingxiu, Wenchuan (the town closest to the epicenter of the main quake) and Beichuan (the town repeatedly struck by strong aftershocks including one registering MS 6.1 on Aug 1, 2008), both in Sichuan Province, occupying a total of 2,419 km2. The Yingxiu liedu-XI zone is about 66 km long and 20 km wide along Wenchuan\u2013Dujiangyan\u2013Pengzhou; the Beichuan liedu-XI zone is about 82 km long and 15 km wide along An County\u2013Beichuan\u2013Pingwu. The area with liedu X (comparable to X on EMS, \"destructive\" and X on MM, \"disastrous\") spans 3,144 km2. The area affected by earthquakes exceeding liedu VI totals 440,442 km2, occupying an oval 936 km long and 596 km wide, spanning three provinces and one autonomous region."}], ["Walaupun lima bandar terbesar di Sichuan hanya mengalami kerosakan kecil akibat gempa itu, beberapa anggaran kerugian ekonomi lebih tinggi daripada AS $ 75 bilion, menjadikan gempa bumi sebagai salah satu bencana alam yang paling mahal dalam sejarah China. <> Apakah anggaran kehilangan ekonomi dari gempa itu? || $ 75 bilion <> Apa kerosakan yang berlaku di bandar-bandar utama Sichuan? || kerosakan kecil <> Apakah anggaran kerugian kepada ekonomi? || US $ 75 bilion <> Siapakah ini salah satu bencana paling mahal dalam sejarah? || Sejarah Cina <> Yang bandar di Sichuan mempunyai kerosakan kecil? || lima bandar terbesar", {"qas": [{"question": "What is an estimate of the economic loss from the quake?", "id": "56cebdd0aab44d1400b8897f", "answers": [{"text": "$75 billion", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What damage did the major Sichuan cities have?", "id": "56d53d9a2593cc1400307b07", "answers": [{"text": "minor damage", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an estimate of losses to economics?", "id": "56d53d9a2593cc1400307b08", "answers": [{"text": "US$75 billion", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose is this one of the costliest disasters in history of?", "id": "56d53d9a2593cc1400307b09", "answers": [{"text": "Chinese history", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which cities in Sichuan had minor damage?", "id": "56d53d9a2593cc1400307b0a", "answers": [{"text": "five largest cities", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Even with the five largest cities in Sichuan suffering only minor damage from the quake, some estimates of the economic loss run higher than US$75 billion, making the earthquake one of the costliest natural disasters in Chinese history."}], ["Reginald DesRoches, seorang profesor kejuruteraan sivil dan alam sekitar di Georgia Tech, menyatakan bahawa kerosakan besar-besaran sifat dan rumah di kawasan gempa bumi adalah kerana China tidak mencipta kod reka bentuk seismik yang mencukupi sehinggalah selepas gempa bumi Tangshan 1976 yang dahsyat. DesRoches berkata: \"Jika bangunan lebih tua dan dibina sebelum gempa 1976 itu, kemungkinan mereka tidak dibina untuk pasukan gempa yang mencukupi.\" <> Siapa seorang profesor kejuruteraan awam dan alam sekitar di Georgia Tech? || Reginald DesRoches <> Apa profesion Reginald DesRoches? || profesor kejuruteraan awam dan alam sekitar <> Bilakah China mencipta kod reka bentuk seismik untuk membina? || 1976 <> Apa malapetaka yang memberi inspirasi kepada mereka untuk membuat kod reka bentuk bangunan / || Gempa bumi Tangshan", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Georgia Tech?", "id": "56cebcb4aab44d1400b88963", "answers": [{"text": "Reginald DesRoches", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the profession of Reginald DesRoches?", "id": "56d538bc2593cc1400307aed", "answers": [{"text": "professor of civil and environmental engineering", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did China create a seismic design code for building?", "id": "56d538bc2593cc1400307aee", "answers": [{"text": "1976", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What catastrophe inspired them to make a building design code/ ", "id": "56d538bc2593cc1400307aef", "answers": [{"text": "Tangshan earthquake", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Reginald DesRoches, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Georgia Tech, pointed out that the massive damage of properties and houses in the earthquake area was because China did not create an adequate seismic design code until after the devastating 1976 Tangshan earthquake. DesRoches said: \"If the buildings were older and built prior to that 1976 earthquake, chances are they weren't built for adequate earthquake forces.\""}], ["Pada hari-hari selepas bencana itu, pasukan peninjauan antarabangsa jurutera telah dihantar ke rantau ini untuk membuat tinjauan terperinci mengenai bangunan yang rosak. Penemuan mereka menunjukkan pelbagai sebab mengapa banyak pembinaan gagal menahan gempa bumi. <> Apa yang berlaku hari selepas bencana? || pasukan peninjau antarabangsa jurutera dihantar ke rantau <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh pasukan jurutera? || membuat tinjauan terperinci mengenai bangunan yang rosak <> Apa hasilnya? || pelbagai sebab mengapa banyak pembinaan gagal menahan gempa bumi. <> Selepas gempa apa jenis pasukan antarabangsa dihantar ke kawasan itu? || pasukan jurutera <> Apakah pasukan dihantar ke China untuk membuat? || kaji selidik bangunan-bangunan yang rosak <> Apakah sebab-sebab mengapa penemuan mereka menunjukkan? || pelbagai sebab", {"qas": [{"question": "What happened days following the disaster?", "id": "56cebd0faab44d1400b88971", "answers": [{"text": "an international reconnaissance team of engineers was dispatched to the region", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the team of engineers do?", "id": "56cebd0faab44d1400b88972", "answers": [{"text": "make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did their findings show?", "id": "56cebd0faab44d1400b88973", "answers": [{"text": "a variety of reasons why many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake.", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After the quake what kind of international team was sent to the area?", "id": "56d53a0e2593cc1400307af5", "answers": [{"text": "team of engineers", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the team sent to China to make?", "id": "56d53a0e2593cc1400307af6", "answers": [{"text": "survey of damaged buildings", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of reasons do their findings show?", "id": "56d53a0e2593cc1400307af7", "answers": [{"text": "variety of reasons", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the days following the disaster, an international reconnaissance team of engineers was dispatched to the region to make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings. Their findings show a variety of reasons why many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake."}], ["Laporan berita menunjukkan bahawa kampung-kampung yang lebih miskin dan pedesaan terkena paling sukar. Swaminathan Krishnan, penolong profesor kejuruteraan awam dan geofizik di California Institute of Technology berkata: \"gempa bumi berlaku di luar bandar China. Mungkin, banyak bangunan yang baru dibina; Swaminathan Krishnan menambah: \"Terdapat kod bangunan yang sangat kuat di China, yang menjaga isu gempa dan isu-isu rekaan seismik. Tetapi banyak bangunan ini mungkin agak lama dan mungkin tidak dibina dengan apa-apa peraturan yang mengawasi mereka.\" <> Kawasan apa pun yang paling sukar dilanda? || yang miskin, kampung pedesaan <> Siapa seorang penolong profesor kejuruteraan awam dan geofizik di California Institute of Technology? || Swaminathan Krishnan <> Apa bahagian gempa China berlaku? || bahagian luar bandar <> Apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh Swaminathan Krishnan ketika ia berkata bangunan baru dibina? || tidak direka <> Cara bagaimana kod bangunan ada di China? || sangat kuat <> Apa banyak bangunan lama yang dibina tanpa? || peraturan", {"qas": [{"question": "What areas were the hardest hit?", "id": "56cebd8aaab44d1400b88977", "answers": [{"text": "the poorer, rural villages", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was an assistant professor of civil engineering and geophysics at the California Institute of Technology?", "id": "56cebd8aaab44d1400b88978", "answers": [{"text": "Swaminathan Krishnan", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of China did the earthquake occur in?", "id": "56d53bf82593cc1400307afd", "answers": [{"text": "rural part", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Swaminathan Krishnan mean when he said the buildings were just built?", "id": "56d53bf82593cc1400307afe", "answers": [{"text": "not designed", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What manner of building codes are there in China?", "id": "56d53bf82593cc1400307aff", "answers": [{"text": "very strong", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were many of these old buildings built without?", "id": "56d53bf82593cc1400307b01", "answers": [{"text": "regulations", "answer_start": 579}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "News reports indicate that the poorer, rural villages were hardest hit. Swaminathan Krishnan, assistant professor of civil engineering and geophysics at the California Institute of Technology said: \"the earthquake occurred in the rural part of China. Presumably, many of the buildings were just built; they were not designed, so to speak.\" Swaminathan Krishnan further added: \"There are very strong building codes in China, which take care of earthquake issues and seismic design issues. But many of these buildings presumably were quite old and probably were not built with any regulations overseeing them.\""}], ["Menurut pegawai negeri China, gempa itu menyebabkan 69,180 kematian yang diketahui termasuk 68,636 di wilayah Sichuan; 18,498 orang disenaraikan sebagai hilang, dan 374,176 cedera, tetapi angka-angka ini boleh terus meningkat apabila lebih banyak laporan masuk. [Maklumat bertarikh] Anggaran ini termasuk 158 pekerja bantuan gempa bumi yang terbunuh dalam tanah runtuh ketika mereka cuba memperbaiki jalan. <> Berapa banyak kematian dilaporkan? || 69,180 <> Berapa banyak kematian yang dilaporkan hanya di wilayah Sichuan? || 68,636 <> Berapa banyak orang yang disenaraikan sebagai hilang? || 18,498 <> Berapa ramai yang cedera? || 374,176 <> Berapa banyak pekerja bantuan gempa yang terbunuh? || 158 <> Berapa banyak yang mati di Sichuan? || 68,636 <> Berapakah jumlah kematian yang diketahui akibat gempa bumi? || 69,180 <> Berapakah bilangan orang yang hilang? || 18,498 <> Berapa ramai yang cedera? || 374,176 <> Apakah 158 pekerja bantuan ketika mereka dibunuh? || cuba membaiki jalan raya", {"qas": [{"question": "How many deaths were reported?", "id": "56cde34662d2951400fa6972", "answers": [{"text": "69,180", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many deaths were reported only in the Sichuan province?", "id": "56cde34662d2951400fa6973", "answers": [{"text": "68,636", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were listed as missing?", "id": "56cde34662d2951400fa6974", "answers": [{"text": "18,498", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were injured?", "id": "56cde34662d2951400fa6975", "answers": [{"text": "374,176", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many earthquake relief workers were killed?", "id": "56cde34662d2951400fa6976", "answers": [{"text": "158", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many died in Sichuan?", "id": "56d525192593cc1400307ab1", "answers": [{"text": "68,636", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the total tally of known deaths caused by the earthquake?", "id": "56d525192593cc1400307ab2", "answers": [{"text": "69,180", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the number of missing persons?", "id": "56d525192593cc1400307ab3", "answers": [{"text": "18,498", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were injured?", "id": "56d525192593cc1400307ab4", "answers": [{"text": "374,176", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the 158 relief workers doing when they were killed?", "id": "56d525192593cc1400307ab5", "answers": [{"text": "tried to repair roads", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to Chinese state officials, the quake caused 69,180 known deaths including 68,636 in Sichuan province; 18,498 people are listed as missing, and 374,176 injured, but these figures may further increase as more reports come in.[dated info] This estimate includes 158 earthquake relief workers who were killed in landslides as they tried to repair roads."}], ["Gempa bumi ini meninggalkan sekurang-kurangnya 5 juta orang tanpa perumahan, walaupun angka itu dapat setinggi 11 juta. Berjuta-juta ternakan dan sejumlah besar pertanian juga musnah, termasuk 12.5 juta haiwan, terutamanya burung. Di provinsi Sichuan satu juta babi mati daripada 60 juta jumlah. Firma pemodelan bencana AIR Worldwide melaporkan anggaran rasmi kerugian penanggung insurans pada AS $ 1 bilion dari gempa bumi; anggaran jumlah ganti rugi melebihi US $ 20 bilion. Ia menghargai Chengdu, pada masa itu mempunyai penduduk bandar berjumlah 4.5 juta orang, sekitar AS $ 115 bilion, dengan hanya sebahagian kecil yang dilindungi oleh insurans. <> Berapa ramai orang ditinggalkan tanpa perumahan? || 5 juta <> Berapa ramai orang yang berpotensi tanpa perumahan? || 11 juta <> Berapa banyak haiwan terbunuh? || 12.5 juta <> Berapa banyak babi mati di Sichuan? || 1 juta <> Oleh kerana gempa bumi, berapa orang tidak mempunyai perumahan? || sekurang-kurangnya 5 juta <> Berapa ramai orang mungkin tidak mempunyai tempat tinggal? || 11 juta <> Berapa banyak ternakan yang hilang? || 12.5 juta haiwan <> Berapa banyak babi mati akibat gempa bumi di Sichuan? || satu juta", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people were left without housing?", "id": "56cebbdeaab44d1400b88959", "answers": [{"text": "5 million", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people could be potentially without housing?", "id": "56cebbdeaab44d1400b8895a", "answers": [{"text": "11 million", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many animals were killed?", "id": "56cebbdeaab44d1400b8895b", "answers": [{"text": "12.5 million", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many pigs died in Sichuan?", "id": "56cebbdeaab44d1400b8895c", "answers": [{"text": "1 million", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Because of the earthquake, how many people did not have housing?", "id": "56d5372f2593cc1400307ae3", "answers": [{"text": "at least 5 million", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people might actually be homeless?", "id": "56d5372f2593cc1400307ae4", "answers": [{"text": "11 million", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much livestock was lost?", "id": "56d5372f2593cc1400307ae5", "answers": [{"text": "12.5 million animals", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many pigs died from the earthquake in Sichuan ?", "id": "56d5372f2593cc1400307ae6", "answers": [{"text": "a million", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The earthquake left at least 5 million people without housing, although the number could be as high as 11 million. Millions of livestock and a significant amount of agriculture were also destroyed, including 12.5 million animals, mainly birds. In the Sichuan province a million pigs died out of 60 million total. Catastrophe modeling firm AIR Worldwide reported official estimates of insurers' losses at US$1 billion from the earthquake; estimated total damages exceed US$20 billion. It values Chengdu, at the time having an urban population of 4.5 million people, at around US$115 billion, with only a small portion covered by insurance."}], ["Dari segi korban sekolah, beribu-ribu anak sekolah meninggal dunia akibat pembinaan yang tidak baik. Di Mianyang City, tujuh sekolah runtuh, menguburkan sekurang-kurangnya 1,700 orang. Sekurang-kurangnya 7,000 bangunan sekolah di seluruh wilayah runtuh. Lebih 700 pelajar dikebumikan di sebuah sekolah di Hanwang. Sekurang-kurangnya 600 pelajar dan kakitangan meninggal dunia di Juyuan Elementary School. Sehingga 1,300 kanak-kanak dan guru meninggal dunia di Beichuan Middle School. <> Berapa banyak anak sekolah mati akibat pembinaan yang tidak baik? || beribu-ribu <> Berapa banyak sekolah runtuh di Bandar Mianyang? || tujuh <> Berapa banyak orang yang terkubur di sekolah runtuh? || 1,700 <> Berapa banyak bangunan sekolah runtuh di wilayah itu? || 7,000 <> Berapa banyak pelajar dikebumikan di sebuah sekolah di Hanwang? || 700 <> Apa yang menyebabkan kematian ramai kanak-kanak sekolah? || pembinaan yang kurang baik <> Berapa banyak sekolah runtuh di Mianyang City || tujuh <> Berapa ramai orang yang terkubur di bawah runtuhan di Bandar Mianyang? || 1,700 <> Berapa banyak bangunan sekolah jatuh di seluruh wilayah? || 7,000 <> Berapa banyak yang dibunuh di Sekolah Rendah Juyuan? || 600", {"qas": [{"question": "How many school children died due to shoddy construction?", "id": "56cebae8aab44d1400b8893d", "answers": [{"text": "thousands", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City?", "id": "56cebae8aab44d1400b8893e", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were buried in the collapsed schools?", "id": "56cebae8aab44d1400b8893f", "answers": [{"text": "1,700", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many school buildings collapsed in the province?", "id": "56cebae8aab44d1400b88940", "answers": [{"text": "7,000", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many students were buried in a school in Hanwang?", "id": "56cebae8aab44d1400b88941", "answers": [{"text": "700", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What caused the deaths of many school children?", "id": "56d533a52593cc1400307acf", "answers": [{"text": "shoddy construction", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City", "id": "56d533a52593cc1400307ad0", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were buried under rubble in Mianyang City?", "id": "56d533a52593cc1400307ad1", "answers": [{"text": "1,700", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many school buildings fell in the entire province?", "id": "56d533a52593cc1400307ad2", "answers": [{"text": "7,000", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many were killed at the Juyuan Elementary School?", "id": "56d533a52593cc1400307ad3", "answers": [{"text": "600", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In terms of school casualties, thousands of school children died due to shoddy construction. In Mianyang City, seven schools collapsed, burying at least 1,700 people. At least 7,000 school buildings throughout the province collapsed. Another 700 students were buried in a school in Hanwang. At least 600 students and staff died at Juyuan Elementary School. Up to 1,300 children and teachers died at Beichuan Middle School."}], ["Butiran korban sekolah telah berada di bawah siasatan bukan kerajaan sejak Disember 2008 oleh sukarelawan termasuk seniman dan arkitek Ai Weiwei, yang telah sentiasa mempublikasikan pembaharuan pada blognya sejak Mac 2009. Tally rasmi pelajar yang terbunuh dalam gempa itu tidak dibebaskan hingga Mei 7, 2009, hampir setahun selepas gempa bumi. Menurut agensi berita Xinhua, gempa bumi itu membunuh 5,335 pelajar dan meninggalkan 546 kanak-kanak kurang upaya. Selepas gempa bumi itu, kerajaan China mengisytiharkan bahawa ibu bapa yang kehilangan anak tunggal mereka akan mendapatkan rawatan percuma dari klinik kesuburan untuk membalikkan vasectomies dan ligal ligations yang dijalankan oleh pihak berkuasa perancang keluarga. <> Bilakah siasatan berlaku di bawah mangsa sekolah? || Disember 2008 <> Bilakah perhimpunan rasmi pelajar terbunuh dalam gempa bumi yang dibebaskan? || 7 Mei 2009 <> Berapa ramai pelajar terbunuh di Xinhua? || 5,335 <> Berapa ramai pelajar kurang upaya di Xinhua? || 546 <> Berapa tarikh bilangan pelajar terbunuh dalam gempa bumi? || 7 Mei 2009 <> Siapa yang menyimpan blog tentang kematian sekolah? || Ai Weiwei <> Berapa jumlah anak-anak sekolah terbunuh? || 5,335 <> Berapa banyak anak kurang upaya? || 546 <> Dimana kerajaan China memutuskan bahawa ibu bapa yang telah kehilangan anak boleh menjalani rawatan percuma? || klinik kesuburan", {"qas": [{"question": "When did an investigation occur under school casualties?", "id": "56cebb71aab44d1400b88951", "answers": [{"text": "December 2008", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the official tally of students killed in the earthquake released?", "id": "56cebb71aab44d1400b88952", "answers": [{"text": "May 7, 2009", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many students were killed in Xinhua?", "id": "56cebb71aab44d1400b88953", "answers": [{"text": "5,335", "answer_start": 418}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many students were disabled in Xinhua?", "id": "56cebb71aab44d1400b88954", "answers": [{"text": "546", "answer_start": 450}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What date were the official numbers of students killed in the earthquake released?", "id": "56d5357b2593cc1400307ad9", "answers": [{"text": "May 7, 2009", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who kept a blog about the school deaths?", "id": "56d5357b2593cc1400307ada", "answers": [{"text": "Ai Weiwei", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the total of school children killed?", "id": "56d5357b2593cc1400307adb", "answers": [{"text": "5,335", "answer_start": 418}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many children are disabled?", "id": "56d5357b2593cc1400307adc", "answers": [{"text": "546", "answer_start": 450}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Chinese government decide that parents who had lost children could go for free treatment?", "id": "56d5357b2593cc1400307add", "answers": [{"text": "fertility clinics", "answer_start": 617}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Details of school casualties had been under non-governmental investigation since December 2008 by volunteers including artist and architect Ai Weiwei, who had been constantly posting updates on his blog since March 2009. The official tally of students killed in the earthquake was not released until May 7, 2009, almost a year after the earthquake. According to the state-run Xinhua news agency, the earthquake killed 5,335 students and left another 546 children disabled. In the aftermath of the earthquake, the Chinese government declared that parents who had lost their only children would get free treatment from fertility clinics to reverse vasectomies and tubal ligations conducted by family planning authorities."}], ["Pakar menunjukkan bahawa gempa bumi melanda kawasan yang telah banyak diabaikan dan tidak disentuh oleh kenaikan ekonomi China. Penjagaan kesihatan adalah miskin di kawasan pedalaman seperti Sichuan, yang menonjolkan jurang yang semakin melebar antara penduduk bandar yang makmur dan orang pedesaan yang berjuang. Naib Menteri Kesihatan Gao Qiang memberitahu wartawan di Beijing bahawa \"sistem penjagaan kesihatan awam di China tidak mencukupi.\" Naib Menteri Kesihatan juga mencadangkan agar kerajaan mengambil kos penjagaan kepada mangsa gempa bumi, yang kebanyakannya mempunyai sedikit atau tiada insurans: \"Kerajaan harus bertanggungjawab untuk memberikan rawatan kepada mereka,\" katanya. <> Apa yang miskin tentang kawasan pedalaman seperti Sichuan? || Penjagaan kesihatan <> Siapa Naib Menteri Kesihatan? || Gao Qiang <> Apa Gao Qiang memberitahu wartawan di Beijing? || sistem penjagaan kesihatan awam di China tidak mencukupi <> Bagaimana ekonomi maju mempunyai kawasan ini? || diabaikan dan tidak disentuh <> Di mana penjagaan kesihatan miskin di China? || kawasan pedalaman <> Apa yang disebut Naib Menteri Kesihatan memanggil sistem kesihatan awam di China? || tidak mencukupi <> Apa yang perlu kerajaan China bertanggungjawab untuk menyediakan kepada mangsa gempa bumi? || rawatan perubatan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is poor about inland areas such as Sichuan?", "id": "56ceba72aab44d1400b88935", "answers": [{"text": "Health care", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Vice Minister of Health?", "id": "56ceba72aab44d1400b88936", "answers": [{"text": "Gao Qiang", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Gao Qiang tell reporters in Beijing?", "id": "56ceba72aab44d1400b88937", "answers": [{"text": "public health care system in China is insufficient", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How economically forward has this area been?", "id": "56d5324d2593cc1400307ac5", "answers": [{"text": "neglected and untouched", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is health care poor in China?", "id": "56d5324d2593cc1400307ac6", "answers": [{"text": "inland areas", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Vice Minster of Health call the public health system in China?", "id": "56d5324d2593cc1400307ac7", "answers": [{"text": "insufficient", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What should the government of China be responsible for providing to earthquake survivors?", "id": "56d5324d2593cc1400307ac9", "answers": [{"text": "medical treatment", "answer_start": 603}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Experts point out that the earthquake hit an area that has been largely neglected and untouched by China's economic rise. Health care is poor in inland areas such as Sichuan, highlighting the widening gap between prosperous urban dwellers and struggling rural people. Vice Minister of Health Gao Qiang told reporters in Beijing that the \"public health care system in China is insufficient.\" The Vice Minister of Health also suggested that the government would pick up the costs of care to earthquake victims, many of whom have little or no insurance: \"The government should be responsible for providing medical treatment to them,\" he said."}], ["Satu pasukan penyelamat melaporkan hanya 2,300 orang yang selamat dari bandar Yingxiu di Wenchuan County, daripada jumlah penduduk sekitar 9,000. 3,000 hingga 5,000 orang terbunuh di Beichuan County, Sichuan sahaja; di lokasi yang sama, 10,000 orang cedera dan 80% bangunan dimusnahkan. Kerusi daerah lama Beichuan ditinggalkan dan dipelihara sebagai bagian dari Museum Gempa Beichuan. Lapan sekolah terjatuh di Dujiangyan. Seorang lelaki berusia 56 tahun terbunuh di Dujiangyan semasa percubaan menyelamat di Lingyanshan Ropeway, di mana akibat daripada gempa 11 pelancong dari Taiwan telah terperangkap di dalam kereta kabel sejak 13 Mei. Anak lelaki berusia 4 tahun bernama Zhu Shaowei (tradisional Bahasa Cina: \u6731\u4eba\u7dad; bahasa Cina: \u6731\u7ecd\u7ef4; pinyin: Zh\u016b Sh\u00e0ow\u00e9i) juga dibunuh di Mianzhu City apabila rumah runtuh kepadanya dan yang lain dilaporkan hilang. <> Berapa ramai yang terselamat dari Yingxiu? || 2,300 <> Di mana Yingxiu terletak? || di Wenchuan <> Berapa banyak orang tinggal di Yingxiu? || 9,000 <> Berapa banyak orang terbunuh di Beichuan County? || 3,000 hingga 5,000 <> Berapa ramai yang cedera di Beichuan County? || 10,000 <> Berapa ramai mangsa yang terselamat di bandar Yingxiu? || 2,300 <> Apakah populasi Yingxiu sebelumnya? || kira-kira 9,000 <> Berapa banyak penduduk terbunuh di Beichuan County? || 3,000 hingga 5,000 <> Seberapa besar jumlah cedera di Beichuan County? || 10,000 <> Berapakah bilangan sekolah yang runtuh di Dujiangyan? || Lapan sekolah", {"qas": [{"question": "How many survivors were there from Yingxiu?", "id": "56ceb9c4aab44d1400b8892b", "answers": [{"text": "2,300", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Yingxiu located?", "id": "56ceb9c4aab44d1400b8892c", "answers": [{"text": "in Wenchuan", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people in total lived in Yingxiu?", "id": "56ceb9c4aab44d1400b8892d", "answers": [{"text": "9,000", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were killed in Beichuan County?", "id": "56ceb9c4aab44d1400b8892e", "answers": [{"text": "3,000 to 5,000", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were injured in Beichuan County?", "id": "56ceb9c4aab44d1400b8892f", "answers": [{"text": "10,000", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many survivors were there in the town of Yingxiu?", "id": "56d5307f2593cc1400307abb", "answers": [{"text": "2,300", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the previous population of Yingxiu?", "id": "56d5307f2593cc1400307abc", "answers": [{"text": "about 9,000", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many residents were killed in Beichuan County?", "id": "56d5307f2593cc1400307abd", "answers": [{"text": "3,000 to 5,000", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How large was the number of injured in Beichuan County?", "id": "56d5307f2593cc1400307abe", "answers": [{"text": "10,000", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the number of schools that collapsed in Dujiangyan?", "id": "56d5307f2593cc1400307abf", "answers": [{"text": "Eight schools", "answer_start": 395}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One rescue team reported only 2,300 survivors from the town of Yingxiu in Wenchuan County, out of a total population of about 9,000. 3,000 to 5,000 people were killed in Beichuan County, Sichuan alone; in the same location, 10,000 people were injured and 80% of the buildings were destroyed. The old county seat of Beichuan was abandoned and preserved as part of the Beichuan Earthquake Museum. Eight schools were toppled in Dujiangyan. A 56-year-old was killed in Dujiangyan during a rescue attempt on the Lingyanshan Ropeway, where due to the earthquake 11 tourists from Taiwan had been trapped inside cable cars since May 13. A 4-year-old boy named Zhu Shaowei (traditional Chinese: \u6731\u7d39\u7dad; simplified Chinese: \u6731\u7ecd\u7ef4; pinyin: Zh\u016b Sh\u00e0ow\u00e9i) was also killed in Mianzhu City when a house collapsed on him and another was reported missing."}], ["Perusahaan milik negara Pusat telah mengumpulkan sumbangan lebih daripada $ 48.6 juta. China National Petroleum Corp dan Sinopec mendermakan 10 juta yuan setiap satu ke kawasan bencana. <> Berapa banyak syarikat milik negara pusat menderma? || lebih daripada $ 48.6 juta <> Berapakah sumbangan China National Petroleum Corp dan Sinopec? || 10 juta yuan <> Berapa banyak syarikat negara pusat yang didermakan? || 48.6 juta <> Berapakah sumbangan China National Petroleum dan Sinopec? || 10 juta yuan setiap satu", {"qas": [{"question": "How much did central state-owned enterprises donate?", "id": "56cec1ffaab44d1400b889dd", "answers": [{"text": "more than $48.6 million", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did China National Petroleum Corp and Sinopec donate?", "id": "56cec1ffaab44d1400b889de", "answers": [{"text": "10 million yuan", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much have Central state enterprises donated?", "id": "56d6647b1c850414009470ed", "answers": [{"text": "48.6 million", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did China National Petroleum and Sinopec donate?", "id": "56d6647b1c850414009470ee", "answers": [{"text": "10 million yuan each", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Central State-owned enterprises have accumulatively donated more than $48.6 million. China National Petroleum Corp and Sinopec donated 10 million yuan each to the disaster area."}], ["Pada Hari Kanak-kanak, 1 Jun 2008, ramai ibu bapa pergi ke runtuhan sekolah untuk meratap anak-anak mereka. Anak-anak yang masih hidup, kebanyakannya tinggal di pusat-pusat bantuan, mengadakan upacara menandai hari istimewa, tetapi juga mengakui gempa bumi. <> Apa yang dipanggil 1 Jun 2008? || Hari Kanak-kanak <> Di manakah kebanyakan kanak-kanak yang masih hidup? || tinggal di pusat pemindahan <> Apa yang dilakukan anak-anak pada hari itu? || upacara yang dipersembahkan <> Di mana ibu bapa pergi untuk meratapi anak-anak mereka? || runtuhan sekolah <> Bilakah Hari Kanak-kanak? || 1 Jun <> Di manakah kanak-kanak tinggal? || di pusat pemindahan", {"qas": [{"question": "What was June 1, 2008 called?", "id": "56cec174aab44d1400b889cb", "answers": [{"text": "Children's Day", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were most of the surviving children?", "id": "56cec174aab44d1400b889cd", "answers": [{"text": "living in relief centres", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did these children do on that day?", "id": "56cec174aab44d1400b889ce", "answers": [{"text": "performed ceremonies", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did parents go to mourn their children?", "id": "56d64dca1c8504140094708f", "answers": [{"text": "rubble of schools", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When is Children's Day?", "id": "56d64dca1c85041400947090", "answers": [{"text": "June 1", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were surviving children living?", "id": "56d64dca1c85041400947091", "answers": [{"text": "in relief centres", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On Children's Day, June 1, 2008, many parents went to the rubble of schools to mourn for their children. The surviving children, who were mostly living in relief centres, performed ceremonies marking the special day, but also acknowledging the earthquake."}], ["Dalam artikel China Digital Times artikel melaporkan analisis rapat oleh insinyur pembinaan Cina yang didakwa dikenali sebagai \"Blade Buku\" (\u4e66\u5251 \u5b50), yang menyatakan: <> Apakah laporan China Digital Times? || analisis yang dekat oleh insinyur pembinaan Cina yang dikatakan <> Siapa insinyur pembinaan yang dikenali sebagai? || Buku Blade <> Di manakah artikel yang dilaporkan mengenai skandal? || China Digital Times <> Apakah nama orang yang menerbitkan laporan di China Digital Times? || Buku Blade", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the China Digital Times report?", "id": "56cec11faab44d1400b889c7", "answers": [{"text": "a close analysis by an alleged Chinese construction engineer", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the construction engineer known as?", "id": "56cec11faab44d1400b889c8", "answers": [{"text": "Book Blade", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was an article reported about the scandal?", "id": "56d64d231c85041400947089", "answers": [{"text": "China Digital Times", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the person who published a report in the China Digital Times?", "id": "56d64d231c8504140094708b", "answers": [{"text": "Book Blade", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the China Digital Times an article reports a close analysis by an alleged Chinese construction engineer known online as \u201cBook Blade\u201d (\u4e66\u5251\u5b50), who stated:"}], ["Pada tahun 2008, Majlis Negeri telah menubuhkan pelan sokongan rakan sejawatan (\"\u6c76\u5ddd \u5730\u9707 \u707e\u540e \u6062\u590d \u91cd\u5efa \u5bf9\u53e3 \u652f\u63f4 \u65b9\u6848\"). Rancangannya adalah untuk mengatur 19 wilayah timur dan pusat dan municipalitie untuk membantu 18 daerah, berdasarkan \"satu wilayah untuk satu daerah yang terkena\". Pelan ini merangkumi 3 tahun, dan tidak kurang daripada satu peratus dari belanjawan wilayah atau perbandaran. <> Apa yang ditubuhkan Majlis Negeri pada tahun 2008? || pelan sokongan sejawatan <> Berapa lamakah rancangan terakhir? || 3 tahun <> Apa majlis negeri ditubuhkan pada tahun 2008? || pelan sokongan sejagat <> Apakah asas untuk pelan ini? || satu wilayah ke satu daerah yang terpengaruh <> Berapa lamakah rancangan itu berkekalan? || 3 tahun <> Apakah kos per anggaran wilayah? || satu peratus", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the State Council establish in 2008?", "id": "56cec34faab44d1400b889f9", "answers": [{"text": "a counterpart support plan", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did the plan last?", "id": "56cec34faab44d1400b889fb", "answers": [{"text": "3 years", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the state council set up in 2008?", "id": "56d66f3e1c85041400947115", "answers": [{"text": "counterpart support plan", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the basis for this plan?", "id": "56d66f3e1c85041400947117", "answers": [{"text": "one province to one affected county", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long is the plan due to last?", "id": "56d66f3e1c85041400947118", "answers": [{"text": "3 years", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the cost per province's budget?", "id": "56d66f3e1c85041400947119", "answers": [{"text": "one percent", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2008, State Council established a counterpart support plan (\u300a\u6c76\u5ddd\u5730\u9707\u707e\u540e\u6062\u590d\u91cd\u5efa\u5bf9\u53e3\u652f\u63f4\u65b9\u6848\u300b). The plan is to arrange 19 eastern and central province and municipalitie to help 18 counties, on \"one province to one affected county\" basis. The plan spanned 3 years, and cost no less than one percent of the province or municipality's budget."}], ["Suruhanjaya Pelepasan Bencana Kebangsaan telah memulakan pelan kontinjensi kecemasan \"Tahap II\", yang meliputi kelas bencana alam yang paling serius. Pelan itu meningkat ke Tahap I pada 22:15 CST, 12 Mei. <> Apa yang dimulakan oleh Suruhanjaya Bantuan Bencana Kebangsaan? || Pelan kontinjensi kecemasan tahap II <> Apa pelan kontinjensi kecemasan Level II perlindungan? || kelas bencana alam yang paling serius <> Bilakah rancangan itu meningkat kepada Tahap I? || pada pukul 22:15 CST, 12 Mei <> Apakah tahap amaran yang ditimbulkan untuk gempa itu? || Tahap II kecemasan <> Apakah kelas bencana darurat darjah II? || paling serius <> Tahap apakah bencana yang ditetapkan pada 22:15 CST, 12 Mei? || Tahap II <> Jabatan apa yang memulakan pelan kecemasan kecemasan? || Suruhanjaya Pelepasan Bencana Kebangsaan", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the National Disaster Relief Commission initiate?", "id": "56cebfcaaab44d1400b889a9", "answers": [{"text": "Level II emergency contingency plan", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does a Level II emergency contingency plan cover?", "id": "56cebfcaaab44d1400b889aa", "answers": [{"text": "the most serious class of natural disasters", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the plan rise to Level I?", "id": "56cebfcaaab44d1400b889ab", "answers": [{"text": "at 22:15 CST, May 12", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What level alert was instated for the quake?", "id": "56d54bc82593cc1400307b2d", "answers": [{"text": "Level II emergency", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What class of disasters is a level II emergency?", "id": "56d54bc82593cc1400307b2e", "answers": [{"text": "most serious", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What level was the disaster set at 22:15 CST, May 12?", "id": "56d54bc82593cc1400307b2f", "answers": [{"text": "Level II", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What department initiated the emergency contingency plan?", "id": "56d54bc82593cc1400307b30", "answers": [{"text": "National Disaster Relief Commission", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The National Disaster Relief Commission initiated a \"Level II emergency contingency plan\", which covers the most serious class of natural disasters. The plan rose to Level I at 22:15 CST, May 12."}], ["Pada 16 Mei, China menyatakan ia juga telah menerima $ 457 juta dalam menyumbangkan wang dan barangan untuk usaha penyelamatan setakat ini, termasuk $ 83 juta dari 19 negara dan empat organisasi antarabangsa. Arab Saudi adalah penderma bantuan terbesar ke China, menyediakan bantuan kewangan berjumlah \u20ac 40,000,000, dan tambahan bahan bantuan sebanyak \u20ac 8,000,000. <> Berapa banyak wang yang diterima oleh China dalam menderma wang dan barangan? || $ 457 juta <> Berapa banyak negara yang disumbangkan? || 19 negara <> Berapa banyak organisasi antarabangsa yang disumbangkan? || empat <> negara apa yang menjadi penderma terbesar kepada China? || Arab Saudi <> Berapa banyak bantuan kewangan yang dilakukan Arab Saudi kepada China? || \u20ac 40,000,000 <> Berapa banyak wang yang disumbangkan dari sumber asing? || 83 juta <> Negara apakah penyumbang bantuan terbesar ke China? || Arab Saudi <> Berapa banyak organisasi antarabangsa yang membuat sumbangan? || empat", {"qas": [{"question": "How much did China receive in donated money and goods?", "id": "56cec2a1aab44d1400b889e1", "answers": [{"text": "$457 million", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many countries donated?", "id": "56cec2a1aab44d1400b889e2", "answers": [{"text": "19 countries", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many international organizations donated?", "id": "56cec2a1aab44d1400b889e3", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country was the largest aid donor to China?", "id": "56cec2a1aab44d1400b889e4", "answers": [{"text": "Saudi Arabia", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much financial assistance did Saudi Arabia give China?", "id": "56cec2a1aab44d1400b889e5", "answers": [{"text": "\u20ac40,000,000", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money was donated from foreign sources?", "id": "56d6696d1c850414009470fb", "answers": [{"text": "83 million", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country was the largest aid donor to China?", "id": "56d6696d1c850414009470fc", "answers": [{"text": "Saudi Arabia", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many international organizations made donations?", "id": "56d6696d1c850414009470fe", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On May 16 China stated it had also received $457 million in donated money and goods for rescue efforts so far, including $83 million from 19 countries and four international organizations. Saudi Arabia was the largest aid donor to China, providing close to \u20ac40,000,000 in financial assistance, and an additional \u20ac8,000,000 worth of relief materials."}], ["Gabenor naib eksekutif Wei Hong mengesahkan pada 21 November 2008 bahawa lebih daripada 90,000 orang mati atau hilang dalam gempa bumi. Beliau menyatakan bahawa 200,000 rumah telah dibina semula, dan 685,000 telah dibina semula, tetapi 1.94 juta isi rumah masih tanpa perlindungan tetap. 1,300 sekolah telah dibina semula, dengan penempatan awal 25 bandar, termasuk Beichuan dan Wenchuan, dua kawasan yang paling dahsyat. Kerajaan membelanjakan $ 441 bilion untuk usaha pelepasan dan pembinaan semula. <> Siapakah gabenor eksekutif eksekutif? || Wei Hong <> Berapa banyak rumah telah dibina semula? || 200,000 <> Berapa banyak rumah yang ditinggalkan tanpa perlindungan kekal? || 1.94 juta <> Berapa banyak sekolah telah dibina semula? || 1,300 <> Siapa yang bercakap tentang orang mati dan hilang pada 21 November 2008? || Wei Hong <> Berapa ramai orang yang dikatakan Wei Hong mati atau hilang? || 90,000 <> Berapa banyak rumah telah dibina semula? || 200,000 <> Berapa banyak rumah masih dalam pembinaan? || 685,000 <> Berapa banyak keluarga yang masih tiada rumah kekal? || 1.94 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the executive vice governor?", "id": "56cebef6aab44d1400b88997", "answers": [{"text": "Wei Hong", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many homes were rebuilt?", "id": "56cebef6aab44d1400b88999", "answers": [{"text": "200,000", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many homes were left without permanent shelter?", "id": "56cebef6aab44d1400b8899a", "answers": [{"text": "1.94 million", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many schools were reconstructed?", "id": "56cebef6aab44d1400b8899b", "answers": [{"text": "1,300", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who spoke about the dead and missing people on November 21, 2008?", "id": "56d548552593cc1400307b19", "answers": [{"text": "Wei Hong", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people did Wei Hong say were dead or missing?", "id": "56d548552593cc1400307b1a", "answers": [{"text": "90,000", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many homes had been rebuilt?", "id": "56d548552593cc1400307b1b", "answers": [{"text": "200,000", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many houses were still under construction?", "id": "56d548552593cc1400307b1c", "answers": [{"text": "685,000", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many families were still without permanent homes?", "id": "56d548552593cc1400307b1d", "answers": [{"text": "1.94 million", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Executive vice governor Wei Hong confirmed on November 21, 2008 that more than 90,000 people in total were dead or missing in the earthquake. He stated that 200,000 homes had been rebuilt, and 685,000 were under reconstruction, but 1.94 million households were still without permanent shelter. 1,300 schools had been reconstructed, with initial relocation of 25 townships, including Beichuan and Wenchuan, two of the most devastated areas. The government spent $441 billion on relief and reconstruction efforts."}], ["Pasukan bantuan kecemasan gempa 184 orang (terdiri daripada 12 orang dari Biro Seismologi Negeri, 150 dari Komando Kawasan Ketenteraan Beijing, dan 22 dari Hospital Umum Polis Bersenjata) meninggalkan Beijing dari Lapangan Terbang Nanyuan pada 12 Mei lalu dalam dua pesawat angkutan tentera ke perjalanan ke Wenchuan County. <> Berapa ramai orang dalam pasukan bantuan kecemasan gempa bumi? || 184 <> Berapa banyak pasukan bantuan dari Biro Seismologi Negeri? || 12 <> Berapa banyak pasukan dari tentera? || 150 <> Berapa banyak pasukan dari polis? || 22 <> Apa pasukan yang meninggalkan Beijing untuk pergi ke Wenchuan? || bantuan kecemasan gempa <> Berapa banyak orang yang terdiri daripada pasukan bantuan? || 184 <> Berapa banyak askar dari Tentera Beijing? || 150 <> Di manakah 22 pasukan bantuan datang? || Hospital Umum Polis Bersenjata <> Bagaimana pasukan bantuan berjalan ke daerah Wenchuan? || dalam dua pesawat pengangkutan tentera", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people were in the earthquake emergency relief team?", "id": "56cec033aab44d1400b889af", "answers": [{"text": "184", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of the relief team were from the State Seismological Bureau?", "id": "56cec033aab44d1400b889b0", "answers": [{"text": "12", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of the team were from the military?", "id": "56cec033aab44d1400b889b1", "answers": [{"text": "150", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of the team were from the police?", "id": "56cec033aab44d1400b889b2", "answers": [{"text": "22", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of team left Beijing to go to Wenchuan?", "id": "56d5d41b1c85041400946e0c", "answers": [{"text": "earthquake emergency relief", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people comprised the relief team?", "id": "56d5d41b1c85041400946e0d", "answers": [{"text": "184", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many soldiers were from the Beijing Military?", "id": "56d5d41b1c85041400946e0e", "answers": [{"text": "150", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did 22 of the relief team come from?", "id": "56d5d41b1c85041400946e0f", "answers": [{"text": "Armed Police General Hospital", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did the relief team travel to Wenchuan county?", "id": "56d5d41b1c85041400946e10", "answers": [{"text": "in two military transport planes", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "An earthquake emergency relief team of 184 people (consisting of 12 people from the State Seismological Bureau, 150 from the Beijing Military Area Command, and 22 from the Armed Police General Hospital) left Beijing from Nanyuan Airport late May 12 in two military transport planes to travel to Wenchuan County."}], ["Setiausaha Agung dan Presiden Hu Jintao mengumumkan bahawa tindak balas bencana akan berlaku dengan cepat. Hanya 90 minit selepas gempa bumi itu, Perdana Menteri Wen Jiabao, yang mempunyai latar belakang akademik dalam geomekanik, terbang ke kawasan gempa bumi untuk mengawasi kerja menyelamat. Tidak lama selepas itu, Kementerian Kesihatan menyatakan bahawa ia telah menghantar sepuluh pasukan perubatan kecemasan ke Wenchuan County. Pada hari yang sama, Komando Wilayah Ketenteraan Chengdu menghantar 50,000 tentera dan polis bersenjata untuk membantu kerja-kerja bencana di Wenchuan County. Walau bagaimanapun, disebabkan oleh kawasan yang kasar dan berdekatan dengan pusat gempa bumi, tentera mendapati sukar untuk mendapatkan bantuan ke kawasan pedalaman di wilayah itu. <> Siapa yang terbang ke kawasan gempa 90 minit selepas ia melanda? || Perdana Menteri Wen Jiabao <> Apa latar belakang Premier Wen Jiabao? || geomechanics <> Apa yang ditgawaskan oleh Jiabao di rantau ini? || kerja penyelamatan <> Berapa banyak tentera dihantar oleh tentera Chengdu? || 50,000 <> Sebaik sahaja selepas gempa itu Perdana Menteri Wen Jiabao dalam perjalanan ke kawasan itu? || 90 minit selepas <> Berapa banyak pasukan perubatan dihantar ke daerah Wenchuan? || sepuluh <> Berapa banyak pasukan dihantar ke kawasan itu untuk kerja bantuan? || 50,000 <> Selain medan kasar, mengapa sukar untuk sampai ke kawasan itu? || jarak pusat gempa bumi", {"qas": [{"question": "Who flew to the earthquake area 90 minutes after it hit?", "id": "56cebf6aaab44d1400b889a1", "answers": [{"text": "Premier Wen Jiabao", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Premier Wen Jiabao's background in?", "id": "56cebf6aaab44d1400b889a2", "answers": [{"text": "geomechanics", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Jiabao oversee in the region?", "id": "56cebf6aaab44d1400b889a3", "answers": [{"text": "the rescue work", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many troops were dispatched by the Chengdu military?", "id": "56cebf6aaab44d1400b889a4", "answers": [{"text": "50,000", "answer_start": 430}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How soon after the earthquake was Premier Wen Jiabao on his way to the area?", "id": "56d54a582593cc1400307b23", "answers": [{"text": "90 minutes after", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many medical teams were sent to Wenchuan county?", "id": "56d54a582593cc1400307b25", "answers": [{"text": "ten", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many troops were sent to the area for relief work?", "id": "56d54a582593cc1400307b26", "answers": [{"text": "50,000", "answer_start": 430}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides the rough terrain, why was it difficult to get to the area?", "id": "56d54a582593cc1400307b27", "answers": [{"text": "proximity of the quake's epicenter", "answer_start": 559}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "General Secretary and President Hu Jintao announced that the disaster response would be rapid. Just 90 minutes after the earthquake, Premier Wen Jiabao, who has an academic background in geomechanics, flew to the earthquake area to oversee the rescue work. Soon afterward, the Ministry of Health said that it had sent ten emergency medical teams to Wenchuan County. On the same day, the Chengdu Military Region Command dispatched 50,000 troops and armed police to help with disaster relief work in Wenchuan County. However, due to the rough terrain and close proximity of the quake's epicenter, the soldiers found it very difficult to get help to the rural regions of the province."}], ["Gempa susulan yang kuat terus menyerang walaupun beberapa bulan selepas gempa utama. Pada 25 Mei, sebuah gempa bumi yang mencecah 6.0 Mw (6.4 Ms menurut CEA) melanda timur laut gempa bumi yang awal, di Qingchuan County, Sichuan, menyebabkan lapan kematian, 1000 kecederaan, dan memusnahkan beribu-ribu bangunan. Pada 27 Mei, dua gempa susulan, satu 5.2 Mw di Qingchuan County dan satu 5.7 Mw di Ningqiang County, Shaanxi, menyebabkan keruntuhan lebih daripada 420,000 rumah dan mencederakan 63 orang. Kawasan yang sama mengalami dua lagi gempa susulan iaitu 5.6 dan 6.0 Ms (5.8 dan 5.5 Mw, mengikut USGS) pada 23 Julai, mengakibatkan 1 kematian, 6 kecederaan serius, runtuhan beratus-ratus rumah dan merosakkan kilometer lebuh raya. Pingwu County dan Beichuan County, Sichuan, juga timur laut Wenchuan dan dekat dengan pusat gempa bumi 7.2 pada tahun 1976, menderita 6.1 Cik aftershock (5.7 Mw mengikut USGS) pada 1 Ogos; ia menyebabkan 2 kematian, 345 kecederaan, runtuhan 707 rumah, kerosakan kepada lebih 1,000 rumah, dan menyekat 25 kilometer (16 mi) jalan negara. Sehingga 5 Ogos, satu lagi kejadian gempa susulan sebanyak 6.1 Ms (6.2 Mw mengikut USGS) melanda Qingchuan, Sichuan, menyebabkan 1 maut, 32 kecederaan, gangguan telekomunikasi, dan slaid bukit yang meluas menghalang jalan raya di kawasan itu termasuk lebuh raya nasional. <> Berapa banyak bangunan yang runtuh sebagai akibat daripada gempa susulan 27 Mei? || 420,000 <> Berapa kuatkah kejatuhan 25 Mei di daerah Qingchuan? || 6.0 Mw <> Berapa banyak orang yang cedera pada 25 aftershock? || 1000 <> Berapa banyak rumah yang musnah akibat gempa susulan 27 Mei? || lebih daripada 420,000 <> Semasa 27 aftershock pada 27 Mei, berapa ramai yang cedera? || 63 <> Di manakah gempa susulan 5 Ogos yang menyebabkan slaid bukit meluas? || Qingchuan, Sichuan", {"qas": [{"question": "How many buildings collapsed as a result of the May 27th aftershocks?", "id": "56cebe75aab44d1400b88985", "answers": [{"text": "420,000", "answer_start": 431}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How strong was the May 25 aftershock in Qingchuan county?", "id": "56d540072593cc1400307b0f", "answers": [{"text": "6.0 Mw", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were injured in the May 25 aftershock?", "id": "56d540072593cc1400307b10", "answers": [{"text": "1000", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many homes were destroyed because of the May 27 aftershocks?", "id": "56d540072593cc1400307b11", "answers": [{"text": "more than 420,000", "answer_start": 421}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the May 27 aftershock, how many people were injured?", "id": "56d540072593cc1400307b12", "answers": [{"text": "63", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the aftershock of August 5 that caused widespread hill slides?", "id": "56d540072593cc1400307b13", "answers": [{"text": "Qingchuan, Sichuan", "answer_start": 1123}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Strong aftershocks continued to strike even months after the main quake. On May 25, an aftershock of 6.0 Mw (6.4 Ms according to CEA) hit northeast of the original earthquake's epicenter, in Qingchuan County, Sichuan, causing eight deaths, 1000 injuries, and destroying thousands of buildings. On May 27, two aftershocks, one 5.2 Mw in Qingchuan County and one 5.7 Mw in Ningqiang County, Shaanxi, led to the collapse of more than 420,000 homes and injured 63 people. The same area suffered two more aftershocks of 5.6 and 6.0 Ms (5.8 and 5.5 Mw, respectively, according to USGS) on July 23, resulting in 1 death, 6 serious injuries, collapse of hundreds of homes and damaging kilometers of highways. Pingwu County and Beichuan County, Sichuan, also northeast of Wenchuan and close to the epicenter of a 7.2 Ms earthquake in 1976, suffered a 6.1 Ms aftershock (5.7 Mw according to USGS) on August 1; it caused 2 deaths, 345 injuries, collapse of 707 homes, damages to over 1,000 homes, and blocked 25 kilometres (16 mi) of country roads. As late as August 5, yet another aftershock of 6.1 Ms (6.2 Mw according to USGS) hit Qingchuan, Sichuan, causing 1 death, 32 injuries, telecommunication interruptions, and widespread hill slides blocking roads in the area including a national highway."}], ["Beijing menerima bantuan Yayasan Tzu Chi dari Taiwan lewat pada 13 Mei. Tzu Chi adalah pasukan pertama dari luar Republik Rakyat China untuk menyertai usaha penyelamatan. China menyatakan ia akan menerima bantuan antarabangsa untuk menangani gempa tersebut. <> Yayasan Apa mahu membantu Beijing? || Yayasan Tzu Chi <> Di mana yayasan itu berasaskan? || Taiwan <> Bilakah Beijing bersetuju untuk membantu dari Taiwan? || lewat pada 13 Mei <> Apakah kumpulan pertama dari luar China untuk menyertai dalam operasi bantuan? || Yayasan Tzu Chi <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh China yang mereka terima? || bantuan antarabangsa <> Apa yang diperlukan oleh China untuk membantu? || mengatasi gempa itu", {"qas": [{"question": "What Foundation wanted to aid Beijing?", "id": "56cec88baab44d1400b88a45", "answers": [{"text": "the Tzu Chi Foundation", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the foundation based?", "id": "56cec88baab44d1400b88a46", "answers": [{"text": "Taiwan", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Beijing agree to aid from Taiwan?", "id": "56d60ddf1c85041400946ef4", "answers": [{"text": "late on May 13", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first group from outside China to join in the relief operation?", "id": "56d60ddf1c85041400946ef5", "answers": [{"text": "Tzu Chi Foundation", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did China say they would accept?", "id": "56d60ddf1c85041400946ef6", "answers": [{"text": "international help", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did China need help for?", "id": "56d60ddf1c85041400946ef7", "answers": [{"text": "cope with the quake", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beijing accepted the aid of the Tzu Chi Foundation from Taiwan late on May 13. Tzu Chi was the first force from outside the People's Republic of China to join the rescue effort. China stated it would gratefully accept international help to cope with the quake."}], ["Pada tahun 2002, ahli geologi Cina, Chen Xuezhong menerbitkan kajian Analisis Risiko Seismik di mana dia sampai pada kesimpulan bahawa bermula tahun 2003, perhatian harus dibayar kepada kemungkinan gempa bumi dengan magnitud lebih dari 7.0 yang berlaku di rantau Sichuan. Beliau berdasarkan kajiannya mengenai hubungan statistik. Bahawa Sichuan adalah kawasan yang aktif secara seismik telah dibahas selama bertahun-tahun sebelum gempa itu, walaupun beberapa kajian menunjukkan titik dan waktu tertentu. <> Bilakah Analisis Risiko Seismik diterbitkan? || Pada tahun 2002 <> Siapa yang menerbitkan Analisis Risiko Seismik? || Chen Xuezhong <> Siapa yang menerbitkan Kajian Analisis Risiko Seismik? || Chen Xuezhong <> Pada tahun apakah Chen Xuezhong menerbitkan kajian gempa bumi? || 2002 <> Kekuatan apa yang dia ramalkan gempa berikutnya di Sichuan? || lebih 7.0", {"qas": [{"question": "When was a Seismic Risk Analysis published?", "id": "56cec548aab44d1400b88a13", "answers": [{"text": "In 2002", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who published the Seismic Risk Analysis?", "id": "56cec548aab44d1400b88a14", "answers": [{"text": "Chen Xuezhong", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who published a Seismic Risk Analysis Study?", "id": "56d672d21c85041400947129", "answers": [{"text": "Chen Xuezhong", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Chen Xuezhong publish an earthquake study?", "id": "56d672d21c8504140094712a", "answers": [{"text": "2002", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What strength did he predict the next quake in Sichuan to be?", "id": "56d672d21c8504140094712c", "answers": [{"text": "over 7.0", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2002, Chinese geologist Chen Xuezhong published a Seismic Risk Analysis study in which he came to the conclusion that beginning with 2003, attention should be paid to the possibility of an earthquake with a magnitude of over 7.0 occurring in Sichuan region. He based his study on statistical correlation. That Sichuan is a seismically active area has been discussed for years prior to the quake, though few studies point to a specific date and time."}], ["Gempa bumi adalah yang terburuk untuk menyerang kawasan Sichuan di lebih dari 30 tahun. Berikutan gempa itu, para pakar dan orang awam mencari maklumat mengenai sama ada gempa bumi itu mungkin telah diramalkan terlebih dahulu, dan sama ada atau tidak mengkaji statistik yang berkaitan dengan gempa itu boleh menyebabkan ramalan gempa bumi yang lebih baik di masa depan. Ramalan gempa bumi belum ditetapkan sains; tidak ada konsensus dalam komuniti saintifik bahawa \"ramalan\" gempa bumi adalah mungkin. <> Berapa lama sejak gempa bumi yang sama besarnya? || lebih 30 tahun <> Berapa lama sejak kawasan Sichuan mengalami gempa yang teruk? || 30 tahun <> Adakah masyarakat saintifik bersetuju bahawa ramalan gempa bumi adalah mungkin? || tiada konsensus <> Orang ingin tahu sama ada kajian matematik apa yang boleh menghasilkan ramalan yang lebih baik? || statistik <> Apa yang bukan ilmu sains? || Ramalan gempa bumi", {"qas": [{"question": "How long had it been since an earthquake of similar magnitude?", "id": "56cec5d1aab44d1400b88a23", "answers": [{"text": "over 30 years", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long since the Sichuan area has had  a severe quake?", "id": "56d6713f1c8504140094711f", "answers": [{"text": "30 years", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does the scientific community agree that earthquake prediction is possible?", "id": "56d6713f1c85041400947120", "answers": [{"text": "no consensus", "answer_start": 404}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "People wanted to know if the study of what math could produce better predictions?", "id": "56d6713f1c85041400947122", "answers": [{"text": "statistics", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is not an established science?", "id": "56d6713f1c85041400947123", "answers": [{"text": "Earthquake prediction", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The earthquake was the worst to strike the Sichuan area in over 30 years. Following the quake, experts and the general public sought information on whether or not the earthquake could have been predicted in advance, and whether or not studying statistics related to the quake could result in better prediction of earthquakes in the future. Earthquake prediction is not yet established science; there was no consensus within the scientific community that earthquake \"prediction\" is possible."}], ["Pada 15 Mei, Perdana Menteri Wen Jiabao mengarahkan penggunaan tambahan 90 helikopter, yang mana 60 akan disediakan oleh PLAAF, dan 30 disediakan oleh industri penerbangan awam, menjadikan jumlah pesawat yang digunakan dalam operasi bantuan oleh tentera udara, tentera, dan penerbangan awam ke lebih 150, yang mengakibatkan operasi angkatan udara yang paling tidak tempur terbesar dalam sejarah Tentera Pembebasan Rakyat. <> Apa perintah Perdana Menteri Wen Jiabao? || pengangkatan tambahan 90 helikopter <> Berapa banyak helikopter disediakan oleh PLAAF? || 60 <> Berapa banyak helikopter yang akan disediakan oleh industri penerbangan awam? || 30 <> Berapa banyak pesawat yang ada di sana? || lebih dari 150 <> Berapa jumlah pesawat yang digunakan dalam operasi bantuan? || lebih 150 <> Berapa banyak helikopter datang dari PLAAF? || 60 <> Siapa yang menyediakan 30 helikopter yang lain? || industri penerbangan awam <> Apakah jenis operasi yang dihasilkan oleh pesawat udara ini? || angkat udara tanpa pertempuran", {"qas": [{"question": "What did Premier Wen Jiabao order?", "id": "56cec801aab44d1400b88a3d", "answers": [{"text": "the deployment of an additional 90 helicopters", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many helicopters were provided by the PLAAF?", "id": "56cec801aab44d1400b88a3e", "answers": [{"text": "60", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many helicopter were to be provided by the civil aviation industry?", "id": "56cec801aab44d1400b88a3f", "answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many aircraft were there in total?", "id": "56cec801aab44d1400b88a40", "answers": [{"text": "over 150", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the total number of aircraft used in the relief operation?", "id": "56d60cd01c85041400946eea", "answers": [{"text": "over 150", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many helicopters came from the PLAAF?", "id": "56d60cd01c85041400946eec", "answers": [{"text": "60", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who provided the other 30 helicopters?", "id": "56d60cd01c85041400946eed", "answers": [{"text": "civil aviation industry", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of operation did this massing of aircraft produce?", "id": "56d60cd01c85041400946eee", "answers": [{"text": "non-combat airlifting", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By May 15, Premier Wen Jiabao ordered the deployment of an additional 90 helicopters, of which 60 were to be provided by the PLAAF, and 30 were to be provided by the civil aviation industry, bringing the total of number of aircraft deployed in relief operations by the air force, army, and civil aviation to over 150, resulting in the largest non-combat airlifting operation in People's Liberation Army history."}], ["Dalam satu sidang akhbar yang diadakan oleh Pejabat Maklumat Majlis Negeri hari selepas gempa bumi, ahli geologi Zhang Xiaodong, timbalan pengarah Pusat Pemantauan Seismik CEA, menyatakan bahawa ramalan gempa bumi adalah isu global, dalam erti kata bahawa tiada kaedah yang terbukti wujud, dan pemberitahuan ramalan tidak diterima sebelum gempa bumi. Ahli Seismologi Gary Gibson dari Universiti Monash di Australia memberitahu Deutsche Presse-Agentur bahawa dia juga tidak melihat apa-apa yang boleh dianggap sebagai 'meramalkan' kejadian gempa itu. <> Apa yang dinyatakan dalam sidang akhbar? || ramalan gempa bumi itu merupakan isu global <> Apa yang banyak percaya ahli geologi tentang ramalan gempa bumi? || tiada kaedah yang terbukti wujud <> Apakah jenis isu yang ramalan gempa bumi? || isu global <> Apa yang diterima sebelum gempa berlaku? || tidak ada ramalan ramalan <> Apa yang dikatakan ahli seismologi Gary Gibson mengenai ramalan gempa itu? || tidak melihat apa-apa", {"qas": [{"question": "What was stated in the press conference?", "id": "56cec4d0aab44d1400b88a0f", "answers": [{"text": "that earthquake prediction was a global issue", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do many geologists believe about earthquake prediction?", "id": "56d674591c85041400947133", "answers": [{"text": "no proven methods exist", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of issue is earthquake prediction?", "id": "56d674591c85041400947134", "answers": [{"text": "a global issue", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was received before the quake occurred?", "id": "56d674591c85041400947135", "answers": [{"text": "no prediction notification", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did  seismologist Gary Gibson have to say about the prediction of the quake?", "id": "56d674591c85041400947136", "answers": [{"text": "did not see anything", "answer_start": 455}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In a press conference held by the State Council Information Office the day after the earthquake, geologist Zhang Xiaodong, deputy director of CEA's Seismic Monitoring Network Center, restated that earthquake prediction was a global issue, in the sense that no proven methods exist, and that no prediction notification was received before the earthquake. Seismologist Gary Gibson of Monash University in Australia told Deutsche Presse-Agentur that he also did not see anything that could be regarded as having 'predicted' the earthquake's occurrence."}], ["Gempa bumi juga memberi peluang kepada para penyelidik untuk mengubah data untuk model ramalan gempa bumi masa depan. Menggunakan data dari pemerhatian geomagnetik Intermagnet Lanzhou, ahli geologi Lazo Pekevski dari Ss. Cyril dan Methodius University of Skopje di Macedonia dan Strachimir Mavrodiev dari Akademi Sains Bulgaria cuba mewujudkan \"kaedah ramalan masa\" melalui pengumpulan statistik geomagnetisme dengan potensi graviti pasang surut. Dengan menggunakan kaedah ini, mereka dikatakan telah meramalkan masa gempa Sichuan 2008 dengan ketepatan \u00b1 1 hari. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian yang sama mengakui pembatasan model ramalan gempa bumi, dan tidak menyatakan lokasi gempa itu dapat diprediksi dengan tepat. <> Apa yang membolehkan gempa bumi? || peluang untuk penyelidik untuk mengubah data untuk model ramalan gempa bumi masa depan <> Apa yang diramal oleh para profesor? || masa gempa Sichuan 2008 <> Apa yang mereka cuba buat? || kaedah ramalan masa <> Apa yang mereka kumpulkan untuk digunakan dalam kaedah ini? || statistik", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the earthquake allow?", "id": "56cec484aab44d1400b88a07", "answers": [{"text": "opportunities for researchers to retrofit data in order to model future earthquake predictions", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the professors predict?", "id": "56cec484aab44d1400b88a09", "answers": [{"text": "the time of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake", "answer_start": 530}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did they try to establish?", "id": "56d675ed1c8504140094713c", "answers": [{"text": "time prediction method", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did they collect to use in this method?", "id": "56d675ed1c8504140094713d", "answers": [{"text": "statistics", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The earthquake also provided opportunities for researchers to retrofit data in order to model future earthquake predictions. Using data from the Intermagnet Lanzhou geomagnetic observatory, geologists Lazo Pekevski from the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje in Macedonia and Strachimir Mavrodiev from the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences attempted to establish a \"time prediction method\" through collecting statistics on geomagnetism with tidal gravitational potential. Using this method, they were said to have predicted the time of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake with an accuracy of \u00b11 day. The same study, however, acknowledges the limitation of earthquake prediction models, and does not mention that the location of the quake could be accurately predicted."}], ["Penerbangan kargo yang disewa langsung dibuat oleh China Airlines dari Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Taiwan Taoyuan ke Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Chengdu Shuangliu yang menghantar kira-kira 100 tan bekalan bantuan yang disumbangkan oleh Yayasan Tzu Chi dan Persatuan Palang Merah Taiwan ke kawasan yang terjejas. Kelulusan dari pihak berkuasa China daratan telah dicari, dan penerbangan yang disewa berlepas dari Taipei pada 17:00 CST, 15 Mei dan tiba di Chengdu oleh 20:30 CST. Pasukan penyelamat dari Palang Merah di Taiwan juga dijadualkan berlepas dari Taipei pada penerbangan berlepas langsung dari Mandarin Airlines ke Chengdu pada jam 15:00 CST pada 16 Mei. <> Siapa yang membuat penerbangan kargo yang disewa langsung? || China Airlines <> Apa tarikh cuti penerbangan? || 15 Mei <> Bilakah pasukan penyelamat berlepas? || 16 Mei <> Bagaimana langkah memindahkan bekalan bantuan dari Taiwan ke kawasan yang dilanda sakit? || Penerbangan kargo yang disewa <> Dari lapangan terbang apa cuti penerbangan yang disewa? || Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Taiwan Taoyuan <> Di manakah penerbangan yang disewa dari tanah Taiwan? || Chengdu <> Apa pasukan Red Cross meninggalkan Taipei pada 16 Mei || pasukan penyelamat <> Di manakah pasukan Palang Merah dari tanah Taiwan? || Chengdu", {"qas": [{"question": "Who made a direct chartered cargo flight?", "id": "56cec8e2aab44d1400b88a55", "answers": [{"text": "China Airlines", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What date did the cargo flight leave?", "id": "56cec8e2aab44d1400b88a57", "answers": [{"text": "May 15", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did a rescue team depart?", "id": "56cec8e2aab44d1400b88a58", "answers": [{"text": "May 16", "answer_start": 585}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did the move the relief supplies from Taiwan to the stricken area?", "id": "56d613011c85041400946efc", "answers": [{"text": "chartered cargo flight", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what airport did the chartered flight leave?", "id": "56d613011c85041400946efd", "answers": [{"text": "Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the chartered flight from Taiwan land?", "id": "56d613011c85041400946efe", "answers": [{"text": "Chengdu", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Red Cross team left Taipei on May 16", "id": "56d613011c85041400946eff", "answers": [{"text": "rescue team", "answer_start": 434}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Red Cross team from Taiwan land?", "id": "56d613011c85041400946f00", "answers": [{"text": "Chengdu", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A direct chartered cargo flight was made by China Airlines from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport sending some 100 tons of relief supplies donated by the Tzu Chi Foundation and the Red Cross Society of Taiwan to the affected areas. Approval from mainland Chinese authorities was sought, and the chartered flight departed Taipei at 17:00 CST, May 15 and arrived in Chengdu by 20:30 CST. A rescue team from the Red Cross in Taiwan was also scheduled to depart Taipei on a Mandarin Airlines direct chartered flight to Chengdu at 15:00 CST on May 16."}], ["Satu artikel dalam Sains mencadangkan bahawa pembinaan dan pengisian Empangan Zipingpu mungkin telah mencetuskan gempa bumi. Jurutera ketua Biro Geologi dan Mineral Sichuan berkata bahawa peralihan secara tiba-tiba sejumlah besar air ke rantau ini boleh melegakan ketegangan antara kedua-dua belah kesalahan, yang membolehkan mereka bergerak beralih, dan boleh meningkatkan tekanan langsung di atasnya, menyebabkan pecah kekerasan. Kesannya adalah \"25 kali ganda\" berbanding tekanan semula jadi setahun dari pergerakan tektonik. Kerajaan telah mengingatkan amaran mengenai banyak projek empangan berskala besar di kawasan yang aktif secara seismik. Penyelidik telah dinafikan akses kepada data seismologi dan geologi untuk mengkaji punca gempa. <> Apa yang disimpulkan tentang pembinaan? || bahawa pergeseran mendadak sejumlah besar air ke rantau ini dapat melegakan ketegangan antara kedua-dua belah kesalahan, yang membolehkan mereka beralih, dan boleh meningkatkan tekanan langsung ke atasnya, menyebabkan pecah kekerasan <> Struktur apa apakah artikel yang boleh dimajukan boleh menyebabkan gempa itu? || Bendungan Zipingpu <> Apakah kesan bendungan terhadap tekanan di kawasan itu? || 25 kali lebih <> Siapa yang tidak mempedulikan amaran mengenai empangan di kawasan itu? || Kerajaan <> Kawasan jenis apa Sichuan? || seismically active <> Apa yang telah ditolak penyelidik? || akses kepada data seismologi dan geologi", {"qas": [{"question": "What was concluded about the construction?", "id": "56cec3e8aab44d1400b88a02", "answers": [{"text": "that the sudden shift of a huge quantity of water into the region could have relaxed the tension between the two sides of the fault, allowing them to move apart, and could have increased the direct pressure on it, causing a violent rupture", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What structure did an article contemplate could have caused the quake?", "id": "56d677f31c85041400947143", "answers": [{"text": "Zipingpu Dam", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the affect of the dam on the stresses in that area?", "id": "56d677f31c85041400947144", "answers": [{"text": "25 times more", "answer_start": 444}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who disregarded warnings about dams in the area?", "id": "56d677f31c85041400947145", "answers": [{"text": "The government", "answer_start": 521}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of area is Sichuan?", "id": "56d677f31c85041400947146", "answers": [{"text": "seismically active", "answer_start": 605}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What have researchers been denied?", "id": "56d677f31c85041400947147", "answers": [{"text": "access to seismological and geological data", "answer_start": 659}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "An article in Science suggested that the construction and filling of the Zipingpu Dam may have triggered the earthquake. The chief engineer of the Sichuan Geology and Mineral Bureau said that the sudden shift of a huge quantity of water into the region could have relaxed the tension between the two sides of the fault, allowing them to move apart, and could have increased the direct pressure on it, causing a violent rupture. The effect was \"25 times more\" than a year's worth of natural stress from tectonic movement. The government had disregarded warnings about so many large-scale dam projects in a seismically active area. Researchers have been denied access to seismological and geological data to examine the cause of the quake further."}], ["Hujan lebat dan tanah runtuh yang berterusan di Wenchuan County dan kawasan berdekatan menyebabkan usaha menyelamat teruk. Pada permulaan operasi menyelamat pada 12, 20 helikopter dikerahkan untuk penghantaran makanan, air, dan bantuan kecemasan, dan juga pemindahan cedera dan peninjauan kawasan gempa bumi. Menjelang 17:37 CST pada 13 Mei, seramai lebih 15,600 pasukan dan anggota militan dari Wilayah Ketenteraan Chengdu telah menyertai pasukan penyelamat di kawasan yang sangat terjejas. Seorang komander melaporkan dari Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan, bahawa sekitar 3,000 orang terselamat didapati, sementara status penduduk lain (sekitar 9,000) tetap tidak jelas. Seramai 1,300 penyelamat mencapai pusat gempa, dan 300 tentera perintis mencapai kerusi Wenchuan pada kira-kira 23:30 CST. Menjelang 12:17 CST, 14 Mei 2008, komunikasi di kerusi Wenchuan sebahagiannya dihidupkan semula. Pada petang 14 Mei, 15 Pasukan Operasi Khas, bersama-sama dengan bekalan bantuan dan peralatan komunikasi, terjun ke dalam Mao County yang tidak dapat diakses, timur laut Wenchuan. <> Apakah bencana alam yang berlaku di Wenchuan County? || tanah runtuh <> Berapa banyak helikopter yang digunakan? || 20 <> Berapa banyak askar militia menyertai usaha penyelamatan? || 15,600 <> Berapa banyak mangsa yang terselamat? || kira-kira 3,000 <> Berapa banyak tentera yang terjaring ke dalam Mao County? || 15 <> Apakah kesukaran yang paling besar dalam mencapai kawasan yang terjejas? || hujan lebat dan tanah runtuh <> Berapa banyak helikopter dihantar untuk menghantar bantuan ke kawasan yang terjejas? || 20 <> Pada 13 Mei, berapa banyak pasukan yang telah dimasukkan ke dalam usaha penyelamatan? || 15,600 <> Bagaimana orang dilaporkan selamat di Bandar Yingxiu? || kira-kira 3,000 <> Berapa ramai orang yang masih tidak dapat dijumpai di Yingxiu? || sekitar 9,000", {"qas": [{"question": "What natural disasters were occurring in Wenchuan County?", "id": "56cec79caab44d1400b88a33", "answers": [{"text": "landslides", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many helicopters were deployed?", "id": "56cec79caab44d1400b88a34", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many militia reservists joined in on rescue efforts?", "id": "56cec79caab44d1400b88a35", "answers": [{"text": "15,600", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many survivors were found?", "id": "56cec79caab44d1400b88a36", "answers": [{"text": "around 3,000", "answer_start": 540}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many troops parachuted into Mao County?", "id": "56cec79caab44d1400b88a37", "answers": [{"text": "15", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the biggest difficulties in reaching affected areas?", "id": "56d5ecf21c85041400946e5a", "answers": [{"text": "heavy rain and landslides", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many helicopters were sent to deliver aid to the affected areas?", "id": "56d5ecf21c85041400946e5b", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By May 13, how many troops had been added to the rescue efforts?", "id": "56d5ecf21c85041400946e5c", "answers": [{"text": "15,600", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How people were reported to be survivors in Yingxiu Town?", "id": "56d5ecf21c85041400946e5d", "answers": [{"text": "around 3,000", "answer_start": 540}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many persons were still unaccounted for in Yingxiu?", "id": "56d5ecf21c85041400946e5e", "answers": [{"text": "around 9,000", "answer_start": 618}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Persistent heavy rain and landslides in Wenchuan County and the nearby area badly affected rescue efforts. At the start of rescue operations on May 12, 20 helicopters were deployed for the delivery of food, water, and emergency aid, and also the evacuation of the injured and reconnaissance of quake-stricken areas. By 17:37 CST on May 13, a total of over 15,600 troops and militia reservists from the Chengdu Military Region had joined the rescue force in the heavily affected areas. A commander reported from Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan, that around 3,000 survivors were found, while the status of the other inhabitants (around 9,000) remained unclear. The 1,300 rescuers reached the epicenter, and 300 pioneer troops reached the seat of Wenchuan at about 23:30 CST. By 12:17 CST, May 14, 2008, communication in the seat of Wenchuan was partly revived. On the afternoon of May 14, 15 Special Operations Troops, along with relief supplies and communications gear, parachuted into inaccessible Mao County, northeast of Wenchuan."}], ["Banyak pasukan penyelamat, termasuk Jabatan Bomba Taipei dari Taiwan, dilaporkan bersedia menyertai usaha menyelamat di Sichuan seawal Rabu. Bagaimanapun, Persatuan Palang Merah China berkata (pada 13 Mei) \"keadaannya tidak mencukupi pada masa ini disebabkan masalah trafik ke kawasan paling sukar yang paling hampir dengan pusat gempa bumi.\" Persatuan Palang Merah China juga menyatakan bahawa kawasan bencana memerlukan khemah, bekalan perubatan, air minuman dan makanan; namun ia mengesyorkan mendermakan wang tunai bukannya barang lain, kerana ia tidak mungkin untuk mencapai jalan-jalan yang rosak sepenuhnya atau tempat yang disekat oleh tanah longsor. Tanah runtuh terus mengancam kemajuan kumpulan mencari dan menyelamat sebanyak 80 orang, masing-masing membawa kira-kira 40 kg bekalan bantuan, dari briged infantri bermotor di bawah komander Yang Wenyao, ketika mereka cuba mencapai kampung etnik Tibet Sier pada ketinggian 4000 m di atas paras laut di daerah Pingwu. Keadaan medan ekstrim menghalang penggunaan pemindahan helikopter, dan lebih dari 300 penduduk Tibet terkandas di kampung mereka yang dibongkar selama lima hari tanpa makanan dan air sebelum kumpulan penyelamat akhirnya tiba untuk membantu penduduk kampung yang cedera dan terkandas di atas gunung. <> Jabatan apa yang bersedia untuk menyertai usaha penyelamatan pada hari Rabu? || Jabatan Bomba Taipei <> Berapa banyak penduduk Tibet yang terkandas? || lebih 300 <> Apa sebabnya ramai pasukan penyelamat tidak dapat menyertai usaha bantuan? || masalah trafik <> Tindakan apa yang disarankan oleh Palang Merah? || mendermakan wang tunai <> Masalah apa yang terus menghalang pasukan penyelamat daripada mencapai kawasan yang terjejas? || tanah runtuh <> Di mana tentera di bawah komander Yang Wenyao cuba pergi? || Kampung Tibet Sier", {"qas": [{"question": "What department was ready to join the rescue effort by Wednesday?", "id": "56cec6e9aab44d1400b88a29", "answers": [{"text": "the Taipei Fire Department", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Tibetan villagers were stranded?", "id": "56cec6e9aab44d1400b88a2d", "answers": [{"text": "over 300", "answer_start": 1025}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the reason that many rescue teams could not join the relief efforts?", "id": "56d5db271c85041400946e40", "answers": [{"text": "the traffic problem", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What action did the Red Cross recommend ?", "id": "56d5db271c85041400946e41", "answers": [{"text": "donating cash", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What problem continued to stop rescue teams from reaching affected areas?", "id": "56d5db271c85041400946e42", "answers": [{"text": "landslides", "answer_start": 619}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the soldiers under commander Yang Wenyao trying to go?", "id": "56d5db271c85041400946e43", "answers": [{"text": "Tibetan village of Sier", "answer_start": 866}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many rescue teams, including that of the Taipei Fire Department from Taiwan, were reported ready to join the rescue effort in Sichuan as early as Wednesday. However, the Red Cross Society of China said that (on May 13) \"it was inconvenient currently due to the traffic problem to the hardest hit areas closest to the epicenter.\" The Red Cross Society of China also stated that the disaster areas need tents, medical supplies, drinking water and food; however it recommended donating cash instead of other items, as it had not been possible to reach roads that were completely damaged or places that were blocked off by landslides. Landslides continuously threatened the progress of a search and rescue group of 80 men, each carrying about 40 kg of relief supplies, from a motorized infantry brigade under commander Yang Wenyao, as they tried to reach the ethnically Tibetan village of Sier at a height of 4000 m above sea level in Pingwu county. The extreme terrain conditions precluded the use of helicopter evacuation, and over 300 of the Tibetan villagers were stranded in their demolished village for five days without food and water before the rescue group finally arrived to help the injured and stranded villagers down the mountain."}], ["Pada 16 Mei, kumpulan penyelamat dari Korea Selatan, Jepun, Singapura, Rusia dan Taiwan tiba untuk menyertai usaha penyelamatan. Amerika Syarikat berkongsi beberapa imej satelit kawasan gempa bumi dengan pihak berkuasa China. Pada hujung minggu, AS menghantar ke China dua bekalan A-Tentera Udara AS A-17 yang termasuk khemah dan penjana. Xinhua melaporkan 135,000 tentera dan medik Cina terlibat dalam usaha menyelamat di 58 daerah dan bandar raya. <> Apa bahagian AS? || imej satelit kawasan yang dilanda gempa <> Siapa yang AS berkongsi imej satelit dengan? || Pihak berkuasa China <> Berapa banyak tentera Cina yang terlibat dalam usaha menyelamat? || 135,000 <> Bilakah kumpulan dari Korea Selatan, Jepun, dan lain-lain tiba di China? || 16 Mei <> Apakah bahagian A.S. dengan China? || imej satelit <> Apa yang termasuk dalam bekalan C-17 Tentera udara? || khemah dan penjana <> Berapa banyak tentera dan medik Cina yang terlibat dalam usaha bantuan? || 135,000", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the US share?", "id": "56cec9e1aab44d1400b88a62", "answers": [{"text": "satellite images of the quake-stricken areas", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the US share the satellite images with?", "id": "56cec9e1aab44d1400b88a63", "answers": [{"text": "Chinese authorities", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Chinese troops were involved in the rescue efforts?", "id": "56cec9e1aab44d1400b88a65", "answers": [{"text": "135,000", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did groups from South Korea, Japan, and others arrive in China?", "id": "56d61a451c85041400946f10", "answers": [{"text": "May 16", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the U.S. share with China?", "id": "56d61a451c85041400946f11", "answers": [{"text": "satellite images", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was included in the the Air Force C-17 supplies?", "id": "56d61a451c85041400946f13", "answers": [{"text": "tents and generators", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Chinese troops and medics were involved in the relief efforts?", "id": "56d61a451c85041400946f14", "answers": [{"text": "135,000", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On May 16, rescue groups from South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Russia and Taiwan arrived to join the rescue effort. The United States shared some of its satellite images of the quake-stricken areas with Chinese authorities. During the weekend, the US sent into China two U.S. Air Force C-17's carrying supplies, which included tents and generators. Xinhua reported 135,000 Chinese troops and medics were involved in the rescue effort across 58 counties and cities."}], ["Pada 12 Mei 2009, China menandakan ulang tahun pertama gempa dengan senyap sementara orang di seluruh negara mengingati orang mati. Kerajaan juga membuka akses kepada runtuhan daerah Beichuan yang tertutup selama tiga hari, setelah itu akan dibekukan dalam muzium relik gempa bumi negara, untuk mengingatkan orang-orang bencana yang dahsyat itu. Terdapat juga beberapa konsert di seluruh negara untuk mengumpul wang untuk mangsa gempa. <> Apa yang dilakukan untuk ulang tahun? || seketika berdiam diri <> Di manakah akses kerajaan terbuka? || runtuhan yang tertutup di kerusi daerah Beichuan <> Berapa lama dibuka? || tiga hari <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh China untuk menandakan ulang tahun pertama gempa itu? || seketika berdiam diri <> Apa yang akan digunakan kerusi daerah Beichuan? || muzium relik gempa <> Apa jenis acara yang diberikan untuk mengumpulkan wang untuk mangsa gempa? || beberapa konsert <> Apakah muzium Beichuan dimaksudkan untuk mengingatkan orang ramai? || bencana yang dahsyat", {"qas": [{"question": "What was done for the anniversary?", "id": "56cecd53aab44d1400b88a88", "answers": [{"text": "a moment of silence", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the government open access to?", "id": "56cecd53aab44d1400b88a89", "answers": [{"text": "the sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long was it opened for?", "id": "56cecd53aab44d1400b88a8a", "answers": [{"text": "three days", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did China do to mark the first anniversary of the quake?", "id": "56d66b221c85041400947103", "answers": [{"text": "a moment of silence", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What will the Beichuan county seat be used for?", "id": "56d66b221c85041400947104", "answers": [{"text": "earthquake relic museum", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of event were given to raise money for quake survivors?", "id": "56d66b221c85041400947105", "answers": [{"text": "several concerts", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Beichuan museum meant to remind people of?", "id": "56d66b221c85041400947106", "answers": [{"text": "the terrible disaster", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On May 12, 2009, China marked the first anniversary of the quake with a moment of silence as people across the nation remembered the dead. The government also opened access to the sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat for three days, after which it will be frozen in time as a state earthquake relic museum, to remind people of the terrible disaster. There were also several concerts across the country to raise money for the survivors of the quake."}], ["Upaya penyelamatan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah China dipuji oleh media barat, terutama dibandingkan dengan penyumbatan bantuan asing Myanmar semasa Cyclone Nargis, serta prestasi sebelumnya China pada tahun 1976 gempa Tangshan. Keterbukaan China semasa liputan media gempa bumi Sichuan memimpin seorang profesor di Universiti Peking untuk mengatakan, \"Ini adalah kali pertama bahawa media Cina telah hidup sehingga taraf antarabangsa\". Los Angeles Times memuji liputan media China tentang gempa menjadi \"demokratik\". <> Apa yang dikatakan seorang profesor di Universiti Peking mengenai pengendalian gempa bumi? || Ini adalah kali pertama bahawa media Cina telah mematuhi piawaian antarabangsa <> Apakah Myanmar menyekat selepas Cyclone Nargis? || bantuan asing <> Apa yang dikatakan seorang profesor Peking mengenai liputan media Cina? || sehingga piawaian antarabangsa <> Siapa memuji liputan media Cina sebagai demokratik? || Los Angeles Times <> Di mana malapetaka sebelum ini tidak memenuhi piawaian antarabangsa? || 1976 gempa bumi Tangshan", {"qas": [{"question": "What did a professor at the Peking University say about the handling of the earthquake?", "id": "56cedd04aab44d1400b88b3c", "answers": [{"text": "This is the first time [that] the Chinese media has lived up to international standards", "answer_start": 365}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Myanmar block after Cyclone Nargis?", "id": "56d61fc11c85041400946f24", "answers": [{"text": "foreign aid", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did a Peking professor say about Chinese media coverage?", "id": "56d61fc11c85041400946f25", "answers": [{"text": "up to international standards", "answer_start": 423}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who praised Chinese media coverage as being democratic?", "id": "56d61fc11c85041400946f26", "answers": [{"text": "Los Angeles Times", "answer_start": 455}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which previous catastrophe not live up to international standards?", "id": "56d61fc11c85041400946f27", "answers": [{"text": "1976 Tangshan earthquake", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Rescue efforts performed by the Chinese government were praised by western media, especially in comparison with Myanmar's blockage of foreign aid during Cyclone Nargis, as well as China's previous performance during the 1976 Tangshan earthquake. China's openness during the media coverage of the Sichuan earthquake led a professor at the Peking University to say, \u201cThis is the first time [that] the Chinese media has lived up to international standards\u201d. Los Angeles Times praised China's media coverage of the quake of being \"democratic\"."}], ["Persatuan Palang Merah China menerbangkan 557 khemah dan 2,500 selimut bernilai 788,000 yuan (US $ 113,000) ke Wenchuan County. Yayasan Amity telah memulakan kerja bantuan di rantau ini dan telah memperuntukkan AS $ 143.000 untuk bantuan bencana. Kementerian Hal Ehwal Sipil Sichuan berkata mereka telah menyediakan 30,000 khemah untuk mereka yang tiada tempat tinggal. <> Berapa banyak khemah telah diterbangkan ke rantau ini? || 557 <> Berapakah jumlah kuil yang diterbangkan ke rantau ini? || 2,500 <> Berapakah harga bekalan kedua-duanya? || 788,000 yuan <> Apa daerah bekalan yang diterbangkan? || Wenchuan County <> Berapa banyak khemah yang disediakan oleh Kementerian Sichuan untuk mereka yang tiada tempat tinggal? || 30,000 <> Kumpulan apa yang mengambil khemah dan selimut ke daerah Wenchuan? || Persatuan Palang Merah China <> Berapa banyakkah Yayasan Amity yang ditetapkan untuk bantuan bencana? || US $ 143,000 Berapa banyak khemah yang disediakan Kementerian Hal Ehwal Sichuan? || 30,000 <> Apa semua khemah dan selimut ini? || mereka yang kehilangan tempat tinggal <> Apakah asas yang telah pun memulakan kerja-kerja bantuan di kawasan itu? || Yayasan Amity", {"qas": [{"question": "How many tents were flown to the region?", "id": "56cece5caab44d1400b88a9b", "answers": [{"text": "557", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many quilts were flown to the region?", "id": "56cece5caab44d1400b88a9c", "answers": [{"text": "2,500", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much were both supplies worth?", "id": "56cece5caab44d1400b88a9d", "answers": [{"text": "788,000 yuan", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What county were the supplies flown to?", "id": "56cece5caab44d1400b88a9e", "answers": [{"text": "Wenchuan County", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many tents did the Sichuan Ministry provide for the homeless?", "id": "56cece5caab44d1400b88a9f", "answers": [{"text": "30,000", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group took tents and quilts to Wenchuan county?", "id": "56d663b11c850414009470e3", "answers": [{"text": "Red Cross Society of China", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much has the Amity Foundation designated for disaster relief?", "id": "56d663b11c850414009470e4", "answers": [{"text": "US$143,000", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many tents did the Sichuan Ministry of Affairs provide?", "id": "56d663b11c850414009470e5", "answers": [{"text": "30,000", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were all these tents and quilts for?", "id": "56d663b11c850414009470e6", "answers": [{"text": "those left homeless", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What foundation had already begun relief work in the area?", "id": "56d663b11c850414009470e7", "answers": [{"text": "The Amity Foundation", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Red Cross Society of China flew 557 tents and 2,500 quilts valued at 788,000 yuan (US$113,000) to Wenchuan County. The Amity Foundation already began relief work in the region and has earmarked US$143,000 for disaster relief. The Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs said that they have provided 30,000 tents for those left homeless."}], ["Berikutan gempa bumi, sumbangan telah dibuat oleh orang-orang dari seluruh tanah besar China, dengan gerai-gerai yang ditubuhkan di sekolah-sekolah, di bank, dan di sekitar stesen minyak. Orang juga menderma darah, mengakibatkan garis-garis panjang Xinhua di kebanyakan bandar utama di China. Ramai yang mendermakan melalui pesanan teks pada telefon mudah alih ke akaun yang ditubuhkan oleh China Unicom dan China Mobile Pada 16 Mei, kerajaan China telah memperuntukkan sejumlah $ 772 juta untuk bantuan gempa sejauh ini, meningkat dengan ketara daripada $ 159 juta dari 14 Mei. juga disumbangkan? || darah <> Apa syarikat menerima wang itu? || China Unicom dan China Mobile <> Selepas gempa itu, orang dari mana di China membuat sumbangan? || di seluruh tanah besar China <> Apa yang menyebabkan garis panjang di kebanyakan bandar utama? || darah yang disumbangkan <> Apa yang disediakan oleh orang Cina untuk mengambil derma? || gerai <> Bagaimana ramai orang menderma menggunakan telefon bimbit? || mesej teks <> Berapa banyakkah kerajaan China yang ditetapkan pada 16 Mei? || $ 772 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "What was also donated?", "id": "56cecdf0aab44d1400b88a93", "answers": [{"text": "blood", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What companies received the money?", "id": "56cecdf0aab44d1400b88a95", "answers": [{"text": "China Unicom and China Mobile", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After the quake, people from where in China made donations?", "id": "56d666041c850414009470f1", "answers": [{"text": "all over mainland China", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What caused long lines in most major cities?", "id": "56d666041c850414009470f2", "answers": [{"text": "donated blood", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the Chinese setting up to take in donations?", "id": "56d666041c850414009470f3", "answers": [{"text": "booths", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did a lot of people donate using mobile phones?", "id": "56d666041c850414009470f4", "answers": [{"text": "text messaging", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much had the Chinese government designated by May 16?", "id": "56d666041c850414009470f5", "answers": [{"text": "$772 million", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Following the earthquake, donations were made by people from all over mainland China, with booths set up in schools, at banks, and around gas stations. People also donated blood, resulting in according to Xinhua long line-ups in most major Chinese cities. Many donated through text messaging on mobile phones to accounts set up by China Unicom and China Mobile By May 16, the Chinese government had allocated a total of $772 million for earthquake relief so far, up sharply from $159 million from May 14."}], ["Hasil daripada gempa bumi 7.9 magnitud dan banyak gempa susulan yang kuat, banyak sungai telah disekat oleh tanah longsor yang besar, yang mengakibatkan pembentukan \"tasik gempa\" di sebalik penyumbatan; jumlah air yang besar ini digabungkan dengan kadar yang sangat tinggi di belakang empangan tanah runtuh semulajadi dan ia dikhuatiri bahawa penyumbatan akhirnya akan runtuh di bawah berat jisim air yang semakin meningkat, yang berpotensi membahayakan nyawa jutaan orang yang tinggal di hilir. Sehingga 27 Mei 2008, 34 tasik telah terbentuk akibat runtuhan serpihan gempa dan menampal sungai, dan dianggarkan 28 daripadanya masih berpotensi bahaya kepada penduduk setempat. Keseluruhan kampung terpaksa dipindahkan kerana banjir yang dihasilkan. <> Apa yang terbentuk di sebalik penyumbatan? || tasik gempa <> Berapa banyak tasik gempa terbentuk? || 34 <> Berapa banyak tasik yang menjadi bahaya kepada orang? || 28 <> Apakah magnitud gempa bumi Sichuan? || 7.9 <> Apa yang menyekat banyak sungai di kawasan ini? || tanah runtuh besar <> Apa yang terbentuk di sebalik sungai yang disekat? || tasik gempa <> Pada 27 Mei, berapa banyak tasik gempa yang terbentuk di sebalik puing-puing tanah runtuh? || 34 <> Apa yang perlu dipindahkan disebabkan kemungkinan banjir? || Keseluruhan kampung", {"qas": [{"question": "What formed behind blockages?", "id": "56cedd7daab44d1400b88b4e", "answers": [{"text": "quake lakes", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many quake lakes formed?", "id": "56cedd7daab44d1400b88b50", "answers": [{"text": "34", "answer_start": 506}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of the lakes were a danger to people?", "id": "56cedd7daab44d1400b88b51", "answers": [{"text": "28", "answer_start": 606}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the magnitude of the Sichuan earthquake?", "id": "56d624261c85041400946f2c", "answers": [{"text": "7.9", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What blocked many of the area's rivers?", "id": "56d624261c85041400946f2d", "answers": [{"text": "large landslides", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What formed behind the blocked rivers?", "id": "56d624261c85041400946f2e", "answers": [{"text": "quake lakes", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By May 27, how many earthquake lakes had formed up behind landslide debris?", "id": "56d624261c85041400946f2f", "answers": [{"text": "34", "answer_start": 506}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What had to be evacuated due to potential flooding?", "id": "56d624261c85041400946f30", "answers": [{"text": "Entire villages", "answer_start": 669}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As a result of the magnitude 7.9 earthquake and the many strong aftershocks, many rivers became blocked by large landslides, which resulted in the formation of \"quake lakes\" behind the blockages; these massive amounts of water were pooling up at a very high rate behind the natural landslide dams and it was feared that the blockages would eventually crumble under the weight of the ever-increasing water mass, potentially endangering the lives of millions of people living downstream. As of May 27, 2008, 34 lakes had formed due to earthquake debris blocking and damming rivers, and it was estimated that 28 of them were still of potential danger to the local people. Entire villages had to be evacuated because of the resultant flooding."}], ["Yang paling tidak menentu dari tasik gempa ini adalah yang terletak di kawasan yang sangat sukar di Gunung Tangjia di Beichuan County, Sichuan, hanya boleh diakses oleh kaki atau udara; sebuah helikopter lif Mi-26T yang dimiliki oleh Syarikat Penerbangan Khas Penerbangan China Flying Dragon telah digunakan untuk membawa traktor tanah berat ke lokasi yang terjejas. Operasi ini disertai dengan kerja-kerja yang dilakukan oleh helikopter PLAAF Mi-17 membawa korps PLAAF, pakar peledak dan kakitangan lain untuk menyertai 1,200 askar yang tiba di tapak dengan berjalan kaki. Lima tan bahan bakar untuk mengendalikan jentera telah diangkut ke tapak tersebut, di mana sebuah jeti telah dibina untuk membolehkan pelepasan selamat air tercabut. Hilirannya, lebih daripada 200,000 orang dipindahkan dari Mianyang menjelang 1 Jun pada menjangkakan empangan pecah. <> Di manakah tasik gempa yang paling sukar ditemui? || Gunung Tangjia di Beichuan County, Sichuan <> Bagaimana anda boleh sampai ke tasik gempa ini? || dengan kaki atau udara <> Jentera apa yang telah diangkut ke lokasi? || traktor <> Berapa banyak orang yang dialihkan ke hiliran? || 200,000 <> Apakah ketakutan yang menyebabkan 200,000 orang dipindahkan dari Mianyang? || empangan pecah <> Di manakah yang paling teruk di tasik gempa terletak? || Gunung Tangjia <> Di mana Gunung Tangjia? || Beichuan County, Sichuan <> Berapa banyak askar terpaksa pergi ke kawasan dengan berjalan kaki? || 1,200", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was the most precarious quake lake located?", "id": "56ceddf6aab44d1400b88b67", "answers": [{"text": "Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How could you only get to this quake lake?", "id": "56ceddf6aab44d1400b88b68", "answers": [{"text": "by foot or air", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What machinery was airlifted into the location?", "id": "56ceddf6aab44d1400b88b69", "answers": [{"text": "tractors", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were evacuated downstream?", "id": "56ceddf6aab44d1400b88b6b", "answers": [{"text": "200,000", "answer_start": 719}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the fear that caused 200,000 people to be evacuated from Mianyang?", "id": "56d62b0f1c85041400946f5e", "answers": [{"text": "the dam bursting", "answer_start": 792}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the worst of the quake lakes located?", "id": "56d62b0f1c85041400946f5f", "answers": [{"text": "Mount Tangjia", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Mount Tangjia?", "id": "56d62b0f1c85041400946f60", "answers": [{"text": "Beichuan County, Sichuan", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many soldiers had to travel to the area by foot?", "id": "56d62b0f1c85041400946f62", "answers": [{"text": "1,200", "answer_start": 497}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The most precarious of these quake-lakes was the one located in the extremely difficult terrain at Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan, accessible only by foot or air; an Mi-26T heavy lift helicopter belonging to the China Flying Dragon Special Aviation Company was used to bring heavy earthmoving tractors to the affected location. This operation was coupled with the work done by PLAAF Mi-17 helicopters bringing in PLA engineering corps, explosive specialists and other personnel to join 1,200 soldiers who arrived on site by foot. Five tons of fuel to operate the machinery was airlifted to the site, where a sluice was constructed to allow the safe discharge of the bottlenecked water. Downstream, more than 200,000 people were evacuated from Mianyang by June 1 in anticipation of the dam bursting."}], ["Internet digunakan secara meluas untuk menyampaikan maklumat untuk membantu usaha penyelamatan dan pemulihan. Contohnya, agensi berita rasmi Xinhua menubuhkan pusat permintaan penyelamatan dalam talian untuk mencari tempat pemulihan bencana yang buta. Setelah mengetahui bahawa helikopter penyelamat mengalami masalah mendarat ke kawasan pusat di Wenchuan, seorang pelajar mencadangkan tempat pendaratan dalam talian dan ia dipilih sebagai tempat kehadiran pertama untuk helikopter [bukan dalam kutipan yang diberikan]. Sukarelawan juga menubuhkan beberapa laman web untuk membantu menyimpan maklumat hubungan untuk mangsa dan mangsa. Pada 31 Mei, helikopter penyelamat yang membawa mangsa selamat dan gempa bumi terhempas dalam kabus dan pergolakan di daerah Wenchuan. Tiada siapa yang terselamat. <> Apa yang digunakan secara meluas untuk menyampaikan maklumat untuk membantu usaha penyelamatan dan pemulihan? || Internet <> Apa yang ditubuhkan agensi berita Xinhua? || pusat permintaan penyelamatan dalam talian <> Apakah tujuan pusat permintaan penyelamatan dalam talian ini? || untuk mencari tempat buta pemulihan bencana <> Di manakah helikopter penyelamat mengalami masalah pendaratan? || Wenchuan <> Apa yang digunakan sebagai bantuan komunikasi dalam usaha bantuan? || Internet <> Siapa yang menubuhkan tapak dalam talian untuk memberi tumpuan kepada titik buta dalam pemulihan? || agensi berita Xinhua <> Orang apakah yang mencadangkan tempat pendaratan untuk helikopter berhampiran pusat gempa bumi? || pelajar <> Apa jenis maklumat yang disediakan oleh laman web untuk disimpan? || maklumat hubungan <> Pada tarikh apakah helikopter menyelamatkan kemalangan tanpa mangsa? || 31 Mei", {"qas": [{"question": "What was extensively used to pass information to aid rescue and recovery efforts?", "id": "56ceccc7aab44d1400b88a7d", "answers": [{"text": "The Internet", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Xinhua news agency set up?", "id": "56ceccc7aab44d1400b88a7e", "answers": [{"text": "an online rescue request center", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the purpose of this online rescue request center?", "id": "56ceccc7aab44d1400b88a7f", "answers": [{"text": "to find the blind spots of disaster recovery", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did rescue helicopters have trouble landing?", "id": "56ceccc7aab44d1400b88a80", "answers": [{"text": "Wenchuan", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was used as a communications aid in the relief efforts?", "id": "56d61c4e1c85041400946f1a", "answers": [{"text": "The Internet", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who set up an online site to focus on blind spots in recovery?", "id": "56d61c4e1c85041400946f1b", "answers": [{"text": "news agency Xinhua", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What person suggested a landing spot for helicopters near the epicenter?", "id": "56d61c4e1c85041400946f1c", "answers": [{"text": "a student", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of information were websites set up to store?", "id": "56d61c4e1c85041400946f1d", "answers": [{"text": "contact information", "answer_start": 514}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did a rescue helicopter crash with no survivors?", "id": "56d61c4e1c85041400946f1e", "answers": [{"text": "May 31", "answer_start": 563}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Internet was extensively used for passing information to aid rescue and recovery efforts. For example, the official news agency Xinhua set up an online rescue request center in order to find the blind spots of disaster recovery. After knowing that rescue helicopters had trouble landing into the epicenter area in Wenchuan, a student proposed a landing spot online and it was chosen as the first touchdown place for the helicopters[not in citation given]. Volunteers also set up several websites to help store contact information for victims and evacuees. On May 31, a rescue helicopter carrying earthquake survivors and crew members crashed in fog and turbulence in Wenchuan county. No-one survived."}], ["Kerajaan pusat menganggarkan bahawa lebih daripada 7,000 bilik sekolah yang tidak lengkap yang direkayasa runtuh dalam gempa bumi. Warganegara China telah mencipta frasa tangkapan: \"rumah sekolah tauhu\" (Cina: \u8c46\u8150 \u6e23 \u6821\u820d), untuk mengejek kedua-dua kualiti dan kuantiti pembinaan yang rendah ini yang membunuh begitu ramai kanak-kanak sekolah. Oleh sebab polisi satu kanak-kanak, banyak keluarga kehilangan anak tunggal mereka apabila sekolah di rantau ini runtuh semasa gempa bumi. Akibatnya, pegawai-pegawai wilayah dan tempatan Sichuan telah mengangkat sekatan untuk keluarga yang satu-satunya anak sama ada terbunuh atau cedera teruk dalam bencana tersebut. Apa yang dipanggil \"kanak-kanak yang menyalahi undang-undang\" di bawah umur 18 tahun boleh didaftarkan sebagai pengganti undang-undang untuk adik-beradik mereka yang mati; jika kanak-kanak yang mati itu menyalahi undang-undang, tiada denda tertunggak dikenakan. Walau bagaimanapun, pembayaran balik akan ditawarkan untuk denda yang telah dikenakan. <> Berapa banyak bilik sekolah runtuh dalam gempa itu? || 7,000 <> Apa frasa tangkapan dicipta akibat daripada sekolah runtuh? || rumah sekolah tauhu <> Mengapa banyak sekolah runtuh semasa gempa bumi? || tidak mencukupi kejuruteraan <> Apa anggaran anggaran berapa bilik sekolah runtuh? || Lebih 7,000 <> Apa yang rakyat mula memanggil jenis sekolah ini? || rumah sekolah tauhu <> Apa boleh kanak-kanak yang menyalahi undang-undang didaftarkan sebagai tempat kematian saudara mereka? || penggantian undang-undang", {"qas": [{"question": "How many schoolrooms collapsed in the quake?", "id": "56cecf68aab44d1400b88ab7", "answers": [{"text": "7,000", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What catch-phrase was invented as a result of collapsed schools?", "id": "56cecf68aab44d1400b88ab8", "answers": [{"text": "tofu-dregs schoolhouses", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did so many schools collapse during the earthquake?", "id": "56d64a821c85041400947075", "answers": [{"text": "inadequately engineered", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the estimations of how many schoolrooms collapsed?", "id": "56d64a821c85041400947076", "answers": [{"text": "over 7,000", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has the citizenry started calling these type of schools?", "id": "56d64a821c85041400947077", "answers": [{"text": "tofu-dregs schoolhouses", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can illegal children be registered as in place of their dead siblings?", "id": "56d64a821c85041400947079", "answers": [{"text": "legal replacements", "answer_start": 685}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The central government estimates that over 7,000 inadequately engineered schoolrooms collapsed in the earthquake. Chinese citizens have since invented a catch phrase: \"tofu-dregs schoolhouses\" (Chinese: \u8c46\u8150\u6e23\u6821\u820d), to mock both the quality and the quantity of these inferior constructions that killed so many school children. Due to the one-child policy, many families lost their only child when schools in the region collapsed during the earthquake. Consequently, Sichuan provincial and local officials have lifted the restriction for families whose only child was either killed or severely injured in the disaster. So-called \"illegal children\" under 18 years of age may be registered as legal replacements for their dead siblings; if the dead child was illegal, no further outstanding fines would apply. Reimbursement would not, however, be offered for fines that were already levied."}], ["Pada petang 18 Mei, CCTV-1 menganjurkan program empat jam khas yang dinamakan The Giving of Love (bahasa Cina: \u7231 \u7684 \u5949\u732e, bahasa Cina tradisional: \u611b \u7684 \u5949\u732e), yang dianjurkan oleh Gala Tahun Baru CCTV dan bulat- jangkauan jam jangkamasa Bai Yansong. Ia dihadiri oleh pelbagai hiburan, sastera, perniagaan dan tokoh politik dari tanah besar China, Hong Kong, Singapura dan Taiwan. Sumbangan malam berjumlah 1.5 bilion Cina Yuan (~ US $ 208 juta). Dari sumbangan tersebut, CCTV memberikan sumbangan terbesar korporat pada \u00a5 50 juta. Hampir pada masa yang sama di Taiwan, program yang sama bertema di udara dihoskan oleh presiden duduk Ma Ying-jeou. Pada bulan Jun, pelakon Hong Kong, Jackie Chan, yang menyumbangkan $ 1.57 juta kepada mangsa, membuat video muzik bersama artis lain yang bertajuk \"Janji\"; lagu itu dikarang oleh Andy Lau. The Artistes 512 Fund Raising Campaign, sebuah jam tangan penggalangan dana selama 8 jam, telah diadakan pada 1 Jun di Hong Kong; ia telah dihadiri oleh kira-kira 200 pemuzik Sinosfer dan selebriti. Di Singapura, MediaCorp Channel 8 menganjurkan program 'live' \u8b93 \u7231 \u5ddd\u6d41\u4e0d\u606f untuk mengumpulkan dana untuk mangsa. <> Apa yang menjadi tuan rumah CCTV-1 pada petang 18 Mei? || program empat jam yang dipanggil The Give of Love <> Siapa persembahan yang dihoskan oleh? || Bai Yansong <> Seberapa besar sumbangan daripada program ini? || Sumbangan malam berjumlah 1.5 bilion Cina Yuan <> Berapa banyak yang disumbangkan oleh Jackie Chan untuk menyokong? || $ 1.57 juta <> Apakah nama video muzik yang dibuat oleh Jackie Chan untuk acara itu? || Janji <> Apa program yang dianjurkan oleh CCTV-1? || Pemberian Cinta <> Apa jumlah sumbangan untuk program ini? || US $ 208 juta <> Apa syarikat paling banyak memberi? || CCTV <> Berapa banyak pelakon Jackie Chan menderma? || 1.57 juta <> Apa nama video muzik Chan? || Janji", {"qas": [{"question": "What did CCTV-1 host on the evening of May 18th?", "id": "56cecff4aab44d1400b88abd", "answers": [{"text": "four-hour program called The Giving of Love", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the show hosted by?", "id": "56cecff4aab44d1400b88abe", "answers": [{"text": "Bai Yansong", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How large were the donations from the program?", "id": "56cecff4aab44d1400b88abf", "answers": [{"text": "Donations of the evening totalled 1.5 billion Chinese Yuan", "answer_start": 392}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did Jackie Chan donate to support?", "id": "56cecff4aab44d1400b88ac0", "answers": [{"text": "$1.57 million", "answer_start": 720}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the music video that Jackie Chan made for the event?", "id": "56cecff4aab44d1400b88ac1", "answers": [{"text": "Promise", "answer_start": 803}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the program that CCTV-1 hosted?", "id": "56d6477c1c85041400947065", "answers": [{"text": "The Giving of Love", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the donations total for the program?", "id": "56d6477c1c85041400947066", "answers": [{"text": "US$208 million", "answer_start": 453}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company gave the most?", "id": "56d6477c1c85041400947067", "answers": [{"text": "CCTV", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did actor Jackie Chan donate?", "id": "56d6477c1c85041400947068", "answers": [{"text": "1.57 million", "answer_start": 721}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Chan's music video?", "id": "56d6477c1c85041400947069", "answers": [{"text": "Promise", "answer_start": 803}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On the evening of May 18, CCTV-1 hosted a special four-hour program called The Giving of Love (simplified Chinese: \u7231\u7684\u5949\u732e; traditional Chinese: \u611b\u7684\u5949\u737b), hosted by regulars from the CCTV New Year's Gala and round-the-clock coverage anchor Bai Yansong. It was attended by a wide range of entertainment, literary, business and political figures from mainland China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan. Donations of the evening totalled 1.5 billion Chinese Yuan (~US$208 million). Of the donations, CCTV gave the biggest corporate contribution at \u00a550 million. Almost at the same time in Taiwan, a similarly themed programme was on air hosted by the sitting president Ma Ying-jeou. In June, Hong Kong actor Jackie Chan, who donated $1.57 million to the victims, made a music video alongside other artists entitled \"Promise\"; the song was composed by Andy Lau. The Artistes 512 Fund Raising Campaign, an 8-hour fundraising marathon, was held on June 1 in Hong Kong; it was attended by some 200 Sinosphere musicians and celebrities. In Singapore, MediaCorp Channel 8 hosted a 'live' programme \u8ba9\u7231\u5ddd\u6d41\u4e0d\u606f to raise funds for the victims."}], ["Pada bulan Januari 2010, akhbar Inggeris yang berpangkalan di Hong Kong The Standard melaporkan bahawa penulis Tan Zuoren cuba untuk mendokumenkan pembinaan yang kurang baik yang mungkin membawa kepada kecederaan yang besar di sekolah-sekolah, dijatuhi hukuman penjara seolah-olah menulis artikel pada tahun 2007 untuk menyokong pro - pergerakan demokrasi pada tahun 1989. <> Bilakah hukuman itu berlaku? || pada tahun 2007 <> Bilakah artikel diterbitkan mengenai kes itu? || Januari 2010 <> Apa yang difikirkannya bahawa pembinaan yang buruk itu membawa kepada? || kecederaan besar", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the sentencing occur?", "id": "56cee1e4aab44d1400b88be0", "answers": [{"text": "in 2007", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the article published about the case?", "id": "56cee1e4aab44d1400b88be1", "answers": [{"text": "January 2010", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did he think that the poor construction led to?", "id": "56d65f691c850414009470cf", "answers": [{"text": "massive casualties", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In January 2010, Hong Kong-based English newspaper The Standard reported that writer Tan Zuoren attempted to document shoddy construction that may have led to massive casualties in schools, was sentenced to in prison ostensibly for his writing an article in 2007 in support of the pro-democracy movement in 1989."}], ["Menjelang 14 Mei, Kementerian Hal Ehwal Awam menyatakan bahawa 10.7 bilion yuan (kira-kira AS $ 1.5 bilion) telah disumbangkan oleh orang Cina. Pusat Rockets Houston Yao Ming, salah satu ikon sukan paling popular di negara ini, memberi $ 214,000 dan $ 71,000 kepada Persatuan Palang Merah China. Persatuan itu juga telah mengumpulkan sebanyak $ 26 juta dalam sumbangan setakat ini. Firma multinasional lain yang terletak di China juga telah mengumumkan sejumlah besar sumbangan. <> Berapakah sumbangan Yao Ming? || $ 214,000 dan $ 71,000 <> Berapa banyak Palang Merah mengumpul sumbangan? || $ 26 juta <> Berapa banyak wang telah disumbangkan oleh 14 Mei? || 10.7 bilion yuan <> Kumpulan apa yang menyumbang 10.7 yuan? || orang Cina <> Apa yang pemain bola keranjang terkenal membuat dua sumbangan besar kepada krisis? || Yao Ming <> Berapa banyak yang dipungut oleh Persatuan Palang Merah? || 26 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "How much did Yao Ming donate?", "id": "56cee294aab44d1400b88bec", "answers": [{"text": "$214,000 and $71,000", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did the Red Cross collect in donations?", "id": "56cee294aab44d1400b88bed", "answers": [{"text": "$26 million", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money had been donated by May 14?", "id": "56d6622d1c850414009470db", "answers": [{"text": "10.7 billion yuan", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group donated the 10.7 yuan?", "id": "56d6622d1c850414009470dc", "answers": [{"text": "the Chinese public", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What famous basketball player made two large donations to the crisis?", "id": "56d6622d1c850414009470dd", "answers": [{"text": "Yao Ming", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much has the Red Cross Society  collected?", "id": "56d6622d1c850414009470de", "answers": [{"text": "26 million", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By May 14, the Ministry of Civil Affairs stated that 10.7 billion yuan (approximately US$1.5 billion) had been donated by the Chinese public. Houston Rockets center Yao Ming, one of the country's most popular sports icons, gave $214,000 and $71,000 to the Red Cross Society of China. The association has also collected a total of $26 million in donations so far. Other multinational firms located in China have also announced large amounts of donations."}], ["Oleh kerana magnitud gempa itu, dan perhatian media ke atas China, negara-negara asing dan organisasi segera memberi respons kepada bencana dengan memberikan ucapan takziah dan bantuan. Pada 14 Mei, UNICEF melaporkan bahawa China secara rasmi meminta sokongan masyarakat antarabangsa untuk bertindak balas terhadap keperluan keluarga terjejas. <> Apakah laporan UNICEF? || bahawa China secara rasmi meminta sokongan masyarakat antarabangsa <> Apa yang negara-negara asing tawarkan China kerana keterukan gempa itu? || ucapan takziah dan bantuan <> Bilakah China secara rasmi meminta bantuan daripada komuniti antarabangsa? || 14 Mei <> Organisasi apa yang melaporkan bahawa China meminta pertolongan? || UNICEF <> Mengapa masyarakat dunia melihat keperluan untuk mendapatkan bantuan? || magnitud gempa itu", {"qas": [{"question": "What did UNICEF report?", "id": "56cee23caab44d1400b88be6", "answers": [{"text": "that China formally requested the support of the international community", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did foreign nations offer China because of the severity of the quake?", "id": "56d660e91c850414009470d3", "answers": [{"text": "condolences and assistance", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did China formally ask for help from the international community?", "id": "56d660e91c850414009470d4", "answers": [{"text": "May 14", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization reported that China asked for help?", "id": "56d660e91c850414009470d5", "answers": [{"text": "UNICEF", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did the world community notice the need for help?", "id": "56d660e91c850414009470d6", "answers": [{"text": "magnitude of the quake", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Because of the magnitude of the quake, and the media attention on China, foreign nations and organizations immediately responded to the disaster by offering condolences and assistance. On May 14, UNICEF reported that China formally requested the support of the international community to respond to the needs of affected families."}], ["Jawatankuasa Penyelenggaraan Ningbo penghasil obor Beijing Olimpik mengumumkan bahawa relay yang dijadualkan berlangsung di Ningbo pada waktu pagi negara, akan digantung selama tempoh berkabung. Laluan obor melalui negara itu telah dikurangkan, dan terdapat sedikit kesunyian ketika kaki berikutnya bermula di bandar Ruijin, Jiangxi pada hari Rabu selepas gempa itu. <> Apa yang digantung selama tempoh berkabung? || Relay obor Olimpik <> Di mana relay dijadualkan dijadualkan? || Ningbo <> Apa yang digantung semasa tempoh berkabung? || Penyertaan obor Olimpik Beijing <> Di manakah penyampai obor sepatutnya berlaku? || di Ningbo <> Apa bahagian relay mereka berubah? || Laluan <> Di mana ada senyap semasa penyambungan? || Ruijin, Jiangxi", {"qas": [{"question": "What was suspended for the duration of the mourning period?", "id": "56cedecdaab44d1400b88b8d", "answers": [{"text": "Olympic torch relay", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the relay scheduled to take place?", "id": "56cedecdaab44d1400b88b8e", "answers": [{"text": "Ningbo", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was suspended during the period of mourning?", "id": "56d62e501c85041400946f94", "answers": [{"text": "Beijing Olympic torch relay", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the torch relay supposed to take place?", "id": "56d62e501c85041400946f95", "answers": [{"text": "in Ningbo", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of the relay did they change?", "id": "56d62e501c85041400946f96", "answers": [{"text": "The route", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was there a minute of silence during the relay?", "id": "56d62e501c85041400946f97", "answers": [{"text": "Ruijin, Jiangxi", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake."}], ["Ye Zhiping, pengetua Sekolah Menengah Sangzao di Sangzao, salah satu yang terbesar di An County, telah dikreditkan dengan tindakan proaktif yang menyelamatkan nyawa semua 2,323 murid yang hadir apabila gempa itu berlaku. Sepanjang tempoh tiga tahun yang berakhir pada tahun 2007, dia mengawasi perbaikan besar sekolahnya. Pada masa itu, beliau memperoleh lebih daripada 400,000 yuan (US $ 60,000) dari jabatan pendidikan daerah, wang yang digunakan untuk meluaskan dan mengukuhkan tiang beton dan pagar balkoni di empat tingkat di sekolahnya, serta mendapatkan lantai konkritnya. <> Siapa yang menjadi ketua Sekolah Menengah Sangzao? || Ye Zhiping <> Apa yang dikreditkan oleh prinsipal? || tindakan proaktif yang menyelamatkan nyawa semua 2,323 murid yang hadir ketika gempa terjadi <> Berapa banyak pelajar yang menghadiri sekolah? || 2,323 <> Berapa banyak wang yang digunakan untuk memperkuat pembinaan sekolah? || 400,000 yuan <> Sekolah utama apakah yang menguatkan sekolahnya? || Ye Zhiping <> Di mana Sekolah Menengah Sangzao? || Sangzao <> Sekolah Sangzao adalah salah satu yang terbesar di daerah apa? || County <> Berapa tahunkah Ye Zhiping terlibat dalam pembaikan sekolah? || tempoh tiga tahun", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the principal of Sangzao Middle School? ", "id": "56cee003aab44d1400b88bb1", "answers": [{"text": "Ye Zhiping", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the principal credited with?", "id": "56cee003aab44d1400b88bb2", "answers": [{"text": "proactive action that spared the lives of all 2,323 pupils in attendance when the earthquake happened", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many students attended the school?", "id": "56cee003aab44d1400b88bb3", "answers": [{"text": "2,323", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money was used to strengthen the construction of the school?", "id": "56cee003aab44d1400b88bb5", "answers": [{"text": "400,000 yuan", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What school principal strengthened his school?", "id": "56d64f7c1c85041400947095", "answers": [{"text": "Ye Zhiping", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Sangzao Middle School?", "id": "56d64f7c1c85041400947097", "answers": [{"text": "Sangzao", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Sangzao school is one of the biggest in what county?", "id": "56d64f7c1c85041400947098", "answers": [{"text": "An County", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many years was Ye Zhiping involved in the school overhaul?", "id": "56d64f7c1c85041400947099", "answers": [{"text": "three-year period", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Ye Zhiping, the principal of Sangzao Middle School in Sangzao, one of the largest in An County, has been credited with proactive action that spared the lives of all 2,323 pupils in attendance when the earthquake happened. During a three-year period that ended in 2007, he oversaw a major overhaul of his school. During that time he obtained more than 400,000 yuan (US$60,000) from the county education department, money used to widen and strengthen concrete pillars and the balcony railing of all four storeys of his school, as well as secure its concrete floors."}], ["Bagaimanapun, Reuters melaporkan pada Jun bahawa setakat ini, pendakwa raya China telah menyertai penyelidikan rasmi ke atas sepuluh sekolah runtuh semasa gempa bumi yang dahsyat pada Mei untuk mendapatkan bahan pembinaan utama di sekolah-sekolah runtuh, melancarkan pertanyaan awal dan mempersiapkan penyiasatan yang mungkin ke profesional jenayah. Ia juga melaporkan bahawa pemeriksaan keselamatan akan dijalankan di sekolah di seluruh China selepas gempa bulan lepas. <> Kenapa sekolah diperiksa? || untuk mendapatkan bahan pembinaan berkualiti pertama <> Apa yang akan dijalankan di sekolah selepas gempa bumi? || cek keselamatan <> Siapa yang telah menyertai siasatan rasmi ke skandal sekolah? || Pendakwa Cina <> Apakah siasatan yang dilakukan oleh pihak pendakwa? || jenayah profesional <> Di mana orang Cina akan melakukan pemeriksaan keselamatan? || sekolah di seluruh China <> Apa kumpulan melaporkan bahawa pendakwa China terlibat dalam menyiasat runtuhan rumah sekolah? || Reuters", {"qas": [{"question": "Why were the schools inspected?", "id": "56cee069aab44d1400b88bbc", "answers": [{"text": "to gain first-hand material of construction quality", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was to be carried out at schools after the quake?", "id": "56cee069aab44d1400b88bbd", "answers": [{"text": "safety checks", "answer_start": 362}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has joined an official inquiry into the school scandal?", "id": "56d658061c850414009470a7", "answers": [{"text": "Chinese prosecutors", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What investigation are the prosecutors pursuing?", "id": "56d658061c850414009470a8", "answers": [{"text": "professional crime", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are the Chinese going to perform safety checks?", "id": "56d658061c850414009470a9", "answers": [{"text": "schools across China", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group reported that Chinese prosecutors were involved in investigating the schoolhouse collapses?", "id": "56d658061c850414009470aa", "answers": [{"text": "Reuters", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "However, Reuters reported in June that, to date, Chinese prosecutors have joined an official inquiry into ten collapsed schools during May's devastating earthquake to gain first-hand material of construction quality at the collapsed schools, launch preliminary inquiries and prepare for possible investigations into professional crime. It was also reported that safety checks were to be carried out at schools across China after last month's earthquake."}], ["Selain daripada ibu bapa, Liu Shaokun (\u5218\u7ecd\u5764), guru sekolah Sichuan, ditahan pada 25 Jun 2008 kerana \"menyebarkan khabar angin dan menghancurkan tatanan sosial\" mengenai gempa bumi Sichuan. Keluarga Liu kemudian diberitahu bahawa dia sedang disiasat kerana disyaki jenayah menghasut subversi. Liu telah pergi ke Shifang, mengambil gambar bangunan sekolah runtuh, dan meletakkannya secara dalam talian. Beliau juga telah menyatakan kemarahannya pada \"bangunan tauhu tauhu yang kurang sopan\" (\u8c46\u8150\u6e23\u5de5\u7a0b) dalam satu wawancara media. Beliau telah diperintahkan untuk berkhidmat selama satu tahun pendidikan melalui buruh (RTL). Menurut organisasi Hak Asasi Manusia di China, Liu telah dibebaskan untuk melayani hukuman RTL di luar kem buruh. <> Siapa guru sekolah Sichuan? || Liu Shaokun <> Apa kata keluarga Liu? || bahawa dia disiasat kerana disyaki jenayah menghasut subversion <> Apakah profesi Liu Shaokun? || Guru sekolah Sichuan <> Kenapa dia disiasat? || jenayah menghasut subversion <> Apa yang dilakukan Liu Shankun dengan gambar yang dia ambil dari sekolah runtuh? || letakkan mereka dalam talian <> Di manakah dia memanggil rumah-rumah sekolah yang kurang bermutu? || dalam satu wawancara media <> Apa hukumannya? || satu tahun pendidikan semula", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was a Sichuan school teacher?", "id": "56cee14aaab44d1400b88bcb", "answers": [{"text": "Liu Shaokun", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Liu's family told?", "id": "56cee14aaab44d1400b88bcd", "answers": [{"text": "that he was being investigated on suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Liu Shaokun's profession?", "id": "56d65c671c850414009470b9", "answers": [{"text": "Sichuan school teacher", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why was he investigated?", "id": "56d65c671c850414009470ba", "answers": [{"text": "crime of inciting subversion", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Liu Shankun do with the pictures he took of collapsed schools?", "id": "56d65c671c850414009470bb", "answers": [{"text": "put them online", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did he call the schoolhouses shoddy?", "id": "56d65c671c850414009470bc", "answers": [{"text": "in a media interview", "answer_start": 462}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was his assigned punishment ?", "id": "56d65c671c850414009470bd", "answers": [{"text": "one year of re-education", "answer_start": 508}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Besides parents, Liu Shaokun (\u5218\u7ecd\u5764), a Sichuan school teacher, was detained on June 25, 2008 for \"disseminating rumors and destroying social order\" about the Sichuan earthquake. Liu\u2019s family was later told that he was being investigated on suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion. Liu had travelled to the Shifang, taken photos of collapsed school buildings, and put them online. He had also expressed his anger at \u201cthe shoddy tofu-dregs buildings\u201d (\u8c46\u8150\u6e23\u5de5\u7a0b) in a media interview. He was ordered to serve one year of re-education through labor (RTL). According to the organization Human Rights in China, Liu has been released to serve his RTL sentence outside of the labor camp."}], ["Majlis Negeri mengisytiharkan tempoh tiga hari berkabung negara untuk mangsa gempa bermula dari 19 Mei 2008; Bendera Kebangsaan RRC dan Bendera Wilayah Hong Kong dan Daerah Pentadbiran Khas Macau diterbangkan di separuh tiang. Ini adalah kali pertama tempoh berkabung negara telah diisytiharkan untuk sesuatu yang lain daripada kematian seorang pemimpin negeri, dan ramai yang menyebutnya paparan terbesar berkabung sejak kematian Mao Zedong. Pada pukul 14:28 CST pada 19 Mei 2008, seminggu selepas gempa bumi, masyarakat Cina mengadakan momen senyap. Orang berdiam diri selama tiga minit manakala pertahanan udara, polis dan sirene kebakaran, dan tanduk kenderaan, kapal dan kereta api dibunyikan. Kereta dan trak di jalan-jalan Beijing juga terhenti. Orang secara spontan meletup untuk bersorak-sorai \"Zhongguo jiayou!\" (Mari kita pergi, China!) Dan \"Sichuan jiayou\" (Mari kita pergi, Sichuan!) Selepas itu. <> Siapa yang menyatakan tempoh berkabung? || Majlis Negeri <> Apakah Majlis Negeri mengisytiharkan tempoh? || berkabung kebangsaan <> Ini adalah paparan terbesar berkabung sejak kematian siapa? || Mao Zedong <> Kapan orang Cina memegang senyap? || 19 Mei 2008 <> Apa yang terhenti semasa berdiam diri? || Kereta dan trak <> Berapa lamakah masa berkabung negara untuk mangsa gempa bertahan? || tempoh tiga hari", {"qas": [{"question": "Who declared the mourning period?", "id": "56cede78aab44d1400b88b7c", "answers": [{"text": "The State Council", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the State Council declare a period of?", "id": "56d62ce51c85041400946f7a", "answers": [{"text": "national mourning", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "This was the biggest display of mourning since the death of who?", "id": "56d62ce51c85041400946f7b", "answers": [{"text": "Mao Zedong", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Chinese hold a moment of silence?", "id": "56d62ce51c85041400946f7c", "answers": [{"text": "May 19, 2008", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What came to a halt during the moment of silence?", "id": "56d62ce51c85041400946f7d", "answers": [{"text": "Cars and trucks", "answer_start": 687}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long was the national mourning for the quake victims to last?", "id": "56d62ce51c85041400946f7e", "answers": [{"text": "three-day period", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The State Council declared a three-day period of national mourning for the quake victims starting from May 19, 2008; the PRC's National Flag and Regional Flags of Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions flown at half mast. It was the first time that a national mourning period had been declared for something other than the death of a state leader, and many have called it the biggest display of mourning since the death of Mao Zedong. At 14:28 CST on May 19, 2008, a week after the earthquake, the Chinese public held a moment of silence. People stood silent for three minutes while air defense, police and fire sirens, and the horns of vehicles, vessels and trains sounded. Cars and trucks on Beijing's roads also came to a halt. People spontaneously burst into cheering \"Zhongguo jiayou!\" (Let's go, China!) and \"Sichuan jiayou\" (Let's go, Sichuan!) afterwards."}], ["Banyak laman web memindahkan halaman rumah mereka kepada hitam dan putih; Sina.com dan Sohu, portal internet utama, mengehadkan laman web mereka kepada item berita dan mengeluarkan semua iklan. Laman web perkongsian video Youku dan Tudou memaparkan latar belakang hitam dan meletakkan beberapa video yang menunjukkan rakaman gempa bumi dan laporan berita. Versi Cina MSN, cn.msn.com, juga memaparkan iklan sepanduk tentang gempa bumi dan usaha bantuan. Laman web hiburan lain, termasuk pelbagai laman permainan, seperti pelayan Cina untuk World of Warcraft, telah ditutup sama sekali, atau mempunyai pautan yang sama dengan sumbangan gempa bumi. Selepas saat-saat diam, di Dataran Tiananmen, orang ramai secara spontan meletupkan sorakan pelbagai slogan, termasuk \"Long Live China\". Kasino di Macau ditutup. <> Apa warna yang banyak laman web menukar laman rumah mereka? || hitam dan putih <> Apa yang dibuang portal internet dari halaman rumah mereka? || semua iklan <> Banyak daripada apa yang dimatikan sepenuhnya? || pelbagai laman permainan <> Apa kerumunan orang ramai di Dataran Tiananmen lakukan selepas berdiam diri? || meletup bersorak <> Apa perniagaan ditutup di Macau? || Kasino", {"qas": [{"question": "What colors did many websites convert their home pages to?", "id": "56cedf2faab44d1400b88b9d", "answers": [{"text": "black and white", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did internet portals remove from their home pages?", "id": "56d62ff91c85041400946fbb", "answers": [{"text": "all advertisements", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Many of what shut down completely?", "id": "56d62ff91c85041400946fbc", "answers": [{"text": "various gaming sites", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the crowds in Tiananmen Square do after the moment of silence?", "id": "56d62ff91c85041400946fbd", "answers": [{"text": "burst out cheering", "answer_start": 695}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What business closed in Macau?", "id": "56d62ff91c85041400946fbe", "answers": [{"text": "Casinos", "answer_start": 760}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many websites converted their home page to black and white; Sina.com and Sohu, major internet portals, limited their homepages to news items and removed all advertisements. Chinese video sharing websites Youku and Tudou displayed a black background and placed multiple videos showing earthquake footage and news reports. The Chinese version of MSN, cn.msn.com, also displayed banner ads about the earthquake and the relief efforts. Other entertainment websites, including various gaming sites, such as the Chinese servers for World of Warcraft, had shut down altogether, or had corresponding links to earthquake donations. After the moments of silence, in Tiananmen Square, crowds spontaneously burst out cheering various slogans, including \"Long Live China\". Casinos in Macau closed down."}], ["The New York Times melaporkan bahawa \"pegawai kerajaan di Beijing dan Sichuan mengatakan mereka sedang menyiasat runtuhan itu. Dalam pengakuan kelemahan kod bangunan di kawasan luar bandar, Suruhanjaya Pembangunan dan Pembaharuan Negara berkata pada 27 Mei bahawa ia telah merangka pindaan untuk meningkatkan piawaian pembinaan sekolah rendah dan menengah di kawasan luar bandar. Pakar mengkaji draf itu, kata suruhanjaya itu. \" Untuk membatasi protes, para pegawai menolak ibu bapa untuk menandatangani dokumen, yang melarang mereka daripada mengadakan protes, sebagai pertukaran wang, tetapi ada yang enggan menandatangani terancam. Jumlah pembayaran berbeza dari sekolah ke sekolah tetapi kira-kira sama. Di Hanwang, ibu bapa ditawarkan pakej bernilai 8,800 USD dalam bentuk wang tunai dan pencen ibu bapa yang hampir 5,600 USD. Tambahan pula, pegawai-pegawai menggunakan kaedah lain untuk membungkam: pegawai polis rusuhan memecah protes oleh ibu bapa; pihak berkuasa menubuhkan kordon di sekeliling sekolah; dan pegawai mengarahkan media berita China menghentikan laporan mengenai runtuhan sekolah. <> Apa yang diberikan dalam pertukaran menandatangani dokumen itu? || wang <> Apakah kaedah lain digunakan untuk memecahkan protes? || polis rusuhan <> Siapa yang melaporkan New York Times sedang menyiasat sekolah runtuh? || pegawai kerajaan <> Apa yang pegawai-pegawai yang mahu lakukan terhadap memprotes ibu bapa? || hadkan protes <> Apakah pegawai yang menawarkan ibu bapa sebagai pertukaran protes? || wang <> Apa yang telah berlaku kepada sesetengah orang yang enggan bersetuju untuk tidak memprotes? || telah mengancam <> Apa pejabat memerintahkan media berita China berhenti melaporkan? || di sekolah runtuh", {"qas": [{"question": "What was given in exchange of signing the document?", "id": "56cee0eeaab44d1400b88bc3", "answers": [{"text": "money", "answer_start": 553}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other methods were used to break up protests?", "id": "56cee0eeaab44d1400b88bc5", "answers": [{"text": "riot police", "answer_start": 861}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the New York Times report was investigating the school collapses?", "id": "56d65a4b1c850414009470af", "answers": [{"text": "government officials", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are officials seeking to do about protesting parents?", "id": "56d65a4b1c850414009470b0", "answers": [{"text": "limit protests", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are officials offering parents in exchange of protests?", "id": "56d65a4b1c850414009470b1", "answers": [{"text": "money", "answer_start": 553}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has happened to some who refuse to agree to not protest?", "id": "56d65a4b1c850414009470b2", "answers": [{"text": "were threatened", "answer_start": 589}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did officials order Chinese news media to stop reporting?", "id": "56d65a4b1c850414009470b3", "answers": [{"text": "on school collapses", "answer_start": 1026}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The New York Times reported that \"government officials in Beijing and Sichuan have said they are investigating the collapses. In an acknowledgment of the weakness of building codes in the countryside, the National Development and Reform Commission said on May 27 that it had drafted an amendment to improve construction standards for primary and middle schools in rural areas. Experts are reviewing the draft, the commission said.\" To limit protests, officials pushed parents to sign a document, which forbade them from holding protests, in exchange of money, but some who refused to sign were threatened. The payment amounts varied from school to school but were approximately the same. In Hanwang, parents were offered a package valued at 8,800 USD in cash and a per-parent pension of nearly 5,600 USD. Furthermore, officials used other methods of silencing: riot police officers broke up protests by parents; the authorities set up cordons around the schools; and officials ordered the Chinese news media to stop reporting on school collapses."}], ["Walaupun kerajaan China pada mulanya dipuji kerana responnya terhadap gempa itu (terutamanya berbanding dengan blokade bantuan tentera junta ketenteraan Myanmar semasa Cyclone Nargis), ia kemudian menyaksikan hakisan terhadap keyakinan terhadap skandal pembinaan sekolah. <> Apa bantuan kerajaan yang disekat selepas Cyclone Nargis? || Myanmar <> Lebih dari apa skandal kerajaan China kehilangan pendapat umum? || skandal pembinaan sekolah <> Apa yang dipuji oleh kerajaan China dahulu? || maklum balas terhadap gempa itu", {"qas": [{"question": "What government blocked aid after Cyclone Nargis?", "id": "56d6488e1c8504140094706f", "answers": [{"text": "Myanmar", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Over what scandal did the Chinese government lose in public opinion?", "id": "56d6488e1c85041400947070", "answers": [{"text": "school construction scandal", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Chinese government first praised for?", "id": "56d6488e1c85041400947071", "answers": [{"text": "response to the quake", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although the Chinese government was initially praised for its response to the quake (especially in comparison to Myanmar's ruling military junta's blockade of aid during Cyclone Nargis), it then saw an erosion in confidence over the school construction scandal."}], ["AP melaporkan bahawa \"Media yang dikawal oleh negara telah banyak mengabaikan isu itu, nampaknya di bawah arahan biro propaganda. Ibu bapa dan sukarelawan yang mempersoalkan pihak berkuasa telah ditahan dan diancam.\" <> Siapa yang tidak mengendahkan isu sekolah? || media kawalan kerajaan <> Siapa yang memberi arahan untuk mengabaikan isu sekolah? || biro propaganda <> Apakah sumber media telah melaporkan perkara ini? || AP", {"qas": [{"question": "Who has ignored the school issue?", "id": "56d650911c8504140094709f", "answers": [{"text": "state-controlled media", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who gave instructions to ignore the school issue?", "id": "56d650911c850414009470a0", "answers": [{"text": "propaganda bureau", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What media source has reported this happening?", "id": "56d650911c850414009470a2", "answers": [{"text": "The AP", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The AP reported that \"The state-controlled media has largely ignored the issue, apparently under the propaganda bureau's instructions. Parents and volunteers who have questioned authorities have been detained and threatened.\""}], ["Pada 15 Mei 2008, Geoffery York dari Globeandmail.com melaporkan bahawa bangunan-bangunan yang dibina dengan teliti biasanya dikenali sebagai \"bangunan tauhu\" kerana pembina memotong sudut dengan menggantikan rod keluli dengan wayar besi nipis untuk pengambilan semula konkrit; menggunakan simen gred rendah, jika ada sama sekali; dan menggunakan batu bata yang lebih sedikit daripada yang sepatutnya. Satu tempatan dipetik dalam artikel itu sebagai berkata bahawa \"agensi penyelia tidak memeriksa untuk melihat apakah ia memenuhi piawaian kebangsaan.\" <> Kenapa bangunan-bangunan itu dibina dengan lusuh? || pembina memotong penjuru <> Apa yang digunakan pembina di tempat rod keluli sebagai penguat semula? || besi besi nipis <> Siapa yang sepatutnya memeriksa bangunan untuk melihat jika mereka memenuhi piawaian kebangsaan? || mengawasi agensi", {"qas": [{"question": "Why are the buildings so shoddily built?", "id": "56d65e391c850414009470c4", "answers": [{"text": "builders cut corners", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did builder's use in place of steel rods as re-inforcement?", "id": "56d65e391c850414009470c6", "answers": [{"text": "thin iron wires", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was supposed to inspect building to see if they met national standards?", "id": "56d65e391c850414009470c7", "answers": [{"text": "supervising agencies", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On May 15, 2008 Geoffery York of the Globeandmail.com reported that the shoddily constructed buildings are commonly called \"tofu buildings\" because builders cut corners by replacing steel rods with thin iron wires for concrete re-inforcement; using inferior grade cement, if any at all; and using fewer bricks than they should. One local was quoted in the article as saying that \"the supervising agencies did not check to see if it met the national standards.\""}], ["Semua stesen televisyen China Daratan (bersama-sama dengan beberapa stesen di Hong Kong dan komuniti ekspatriat) membatalkan semua pengaturcaraan yang kerap dijadualkan, memaparkan logo mereka dalam skala kelabu, dan menggantikan program yang dibatalkan mereka dengan rakaman gempa hidup dari CCTV-1 untuk beberapa hari selepas gempa itu. Malah membayar saluran televisyen (seperti Channel V) mempunyai program mereka digantung. <> Apa stesen menggantikan pengaturcaraan dengan? || rakaman gempa langsung <> Apa sumber suapan langsung? || CCTV-1 <> Bagaimana pula dengan membayar saluran TV? || program digantung", {"qas": [{"question": "What did stations replace programming with?", "id": "56d646091c8504140094705d", "answers": [{"text": "live earthquake footage", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the source of the live feeds?", "id": "56d646091c8504140094705e", "answers": [{"text": "CCTV-1", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What about pay TV channels?", "id": "56d646091c8504140094705f", "answers": [{"text": "programmes suspended", "answer_start": 365}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "All Mainland Chinese television stations (along with some stations in Hong Kong and expatriate communities) cancelled all regularly-scheduled programming, displayed their logo in grayscale, and replaced their cancelled programmes with live earthquake footage from CCTV-1 for multiple days after the quake. Even pay television channels (such as Channel V) had their programmes suspended."}], ["Walau bagaimanapun soalan masih kekal, kerana beberapa pegawai kerajaan yang korup masih belum dibawa ke pengadilan, sementara banyak keluarga yang kehilangan anak tunggal mereka, masih mencari pampasan dan keadilan terhadap apa yang telah terjadi. Menurut Times, banyak ibu bapa telah diberi amaran oleh kerajaan untuk tidak membuat bantahan di bawah ancaman penangkapan. <> Siapa yang tidak dibawa ke pengadilan? || pegawai kerajaan rasuah <> Siapa yang masih mencari pampasan dan keadilan? || banyak keluarga <> Apa yang telah diancam oleh kerajaan untuk menghalang mereka dari membantah? || ancaman penangkapan <> Media apa yang melaporkan ancaman penangkapan? || Times <> Apa yang banyak kehilangan keluarga akibat gempa bumi? || anak tunggal mereka", {"qas": [{"question": "Who has not been brought to justice?", "id": "56d66c621c8504140094710b", "answers": [{"text": "corrupt government officials", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is still looking for compensation and justice?", "id": "56d66c621c8504140094710c", "answers": [{"text": "many families", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has the government threatened people with to keep them from protesting?", "id": "56d66c621c8504140094710d", "answers": [{"text": "threat of arrest", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What media reported the threat of arrest?", "id": "56d66c621c8504140094710e", "answers": [{"text": "the Times", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did many families lose in the earthquake?", "id": "56d66c621c8504140094710f", "answers": [{"text": "their only child", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "However questions still remain, as some of the corrupt government officials have still not been brought to justice, while the many families who lost their only child, are still seeking compensation and justice to what had happened. According to the Times, many parents were warned by the government not to stage a protest under the threat of arrest."}], ["Francis Marcus dari Persekutuan Antarabangsa Palang Merah memuji usaha penyelamatan China sebagai \"cepat dan sangat efisien\" di Beijing pada hari Selasa. Tetapi beliau menambah skala bencana itu adalah seperti \"kita tidak boleh mengharapkan kerajaan dapat melakukan segala-galanya dan mengendalikan setiap aspek keperluan\". The Economist menyatakan bahawa China bertindak balas terhadap bencana \"dengan cepat dan dengan keterbukaan yang tidak jelas\", berbanding dengan respon rahsia Myanmar terhadap Cyclone Nargis, yang merosakkan negara itu 10 hari sebelum gempa bumi. <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh Francis Marcus tentang usaha bantuan Cina? || pantas dan sangat cekap <> Apa sikap yang tidak jelas yang dipaparkan oleh China? || keterbukaan <> Sikap macam apakah yang ditunjukkan Burma sebagai tindak balas kepada taufan beberapa hari sebelum itu? || rahsia <> Berapa lama sebelum gempa melakukan mogok Cyclone Nargis? || 10 hari <> Organisasi apa yang dikatakan oleh Francis Marcus? || Persekutuan Antarabangsa Palang Merah", {"qas": [{"question": "What did Francis Marcus say of the Chinese relief effort?", "id": "56d614dd1c85041400946f06", "answers": [{"text": "swift and very efficient", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What uncharacteristic attitude did China display?", "id": "56d614dd1c85041400946f07", "answers": [{"text": "openness", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of attitude did Burma display in response to a cyclone a few days earlier?", "id": "56d614dd1c85041400946f08", "answers": [{"text": "secretive", "answer_start": 427}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long before the quake did Cyclone Nargis strike Burma?", "id": "56d614dd1c85041400946f09", "answers": [{"text": "10 days", "answer_start": 495}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization did Francis Marcus represent?", "id": "56d614dd1c85041400946f0a", "answers": [{"text": "International Federation of the Red Cross", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Francis Marcus of the International Federation of the Red Cross praised the Chinese rescue effort as \"swift and very efficient\" in Beijing on Tuesday. But he added the scale of the disaster was such that \"we can't expect that the government can do everything and handle every aspect of the needs\". The Economist noted that China reacted to the disaster \"rapidly and with uncharacteristic openness\", contrasting it with Burma's secretive response to Cyclone Nargis, which devastated that country 10 days before the earthquake."}], ["Pada 29 Mei 2008, pegawai kerajaan mula memeriksa runtuhan ribuan sekolah yang runtuh, mencari petunjuk tentang mengapa mereka runtuh. Beribu-ribu ibu bapa di sekitar wilayah itu menuduh pegawai-pegawai tempatan dan pembina memotong sudut-sudut dalam pembinaan sekolah, dengan mengatakan bahawa selepas gempa bangunan-bangunan berdekatan lain rosak sedikit. Selepas gempa itu, banyak kerajaan tempatan berjanji untuk menyiasat secara formal sekolah runtuh, tetapi pada 17 Julai 2008 di seluruh Sichuan, ibu bapa kanak-kanak yang hilang di sekolah runtuh mengadu bahawa mereka masih belum menerima apa-apa laporan. Pegawai tempatan menggesa mereka supaya tidak membantah tetapi ibu bapa menunjukkan dan menuntut siasatan. Tambahan pula, penapis tidak menggalakkan cerita tentang sekolah-sekolah yang tidak dibina daripada diterbitkan dalam media dan ada kejadian di mana polis mengusir penunjuk perasaan. <> Apa yang dikatakan ibu bapa terhadap pembina? || memotong penjuru <> Setakat 17 Julai 2008 apakah ibu bapa mengadu tidak terima? || apa-apa laporan <> Apakah jenis cerita yang disensor di media? || sekolah rendah yang dibina", {"qas": [{"question": "What did parents accuse builders of doing?", "id": "56d64c331c85041400947080", "answers": [{"text": "cutting corners", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of July 17, 2008 what did parents complain of not receiving?", "id": "56d64c331c85041400947081", "answers": [{"text": "any reports", "answer_start": 578}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of stories were being censored in the media?", "id": "56d64c331c85041400947083", "answers": [{"text": "poorly built schools", "answer_start": 737}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On May 29, 2008, government officials began inspecting the ruins of thousands of schools that collapsed, searching for clues about why they crumbled. Thousands of parents around the province have accused local officials and builders of cutting corners in school construction, citing that after the quake other nearby buildings were little damaged. In the aftermath of the quake, many local governments promised to formally investigate the school collapses, but as of July 17, 2008 across Sichuan, parents of children lost in collapsed schools complained they had yet to receive any reports. Local officials urged them not to protest but the parents demonstrated and demanded an investigation. Furthermore, censors discouraged stories of poorly built schools from being published in the media and there was an incident where police drove the protestors away."}]], [["Dalam era pendahuluan, kawasan New York City kini didiami oleh pelbagai kumpulan suku Algonquian dari Orang Asli Amerika, termasuk Lenape, yang tanah airnya, yang dikenali sebagai Lenapehoking, termasuk Pulau Staten; bahagian barat Long Island, termasuk kawasan yang akan menjadi Brooklyn dan Queens; Manhattan; Bronx; dan Lower Hudson Valley. <> Apa nama tanah air Lenape itu? || Lenapehoking", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the Lenape homeland?", "id": "56ce33aaaab44d1400b8856a", "answers": [{"text": "Lenapehoking", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the precolonial era, the area of present-day New York City was inhabited by various bands of Algonquian tribes of Native Americans, including the Lenape, whose homeland, known as Lenapehoking, included Staten Island; the western portion of Long Island, including the area that would become Brooklyn and Queens; Manhattan; the Bronx; and the Lower Hudson Valley."}], ["Semasa glaciation Wisconsinan, rantau New York City terletak di pinggir lembaran ais yang besar lebih dari 1000 kaki dalam kedalaman. Lembaran ais mengikis sejumlah besar tanah, meninggalkan dasar batuan yang berfungsi sebagai asas geologi untuk kebanyakan New York City hari ini. Kemudian, lembaran ais akan membantu memisahkan apa yang sekarang Long Island dan Staten Island. <> Apa pulau pernah menjadi sebahagian daripada Long Island? || Staten Island <> Dalam tempoh berapa kawasan di sekitar New York City terletak di pinggir lembaran ais sejauh 1000 kaki? || The Wisconsinan glaciation <> Long Island dan Staten Island terbelah separuh oleh apa fenomena geografi? || lapisan ais", {"qas": [{"question": "What island was once a part of Long Island?", "id": "56ce3348aab44d1400b88560", "answers": [{"text": "Staten Island", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what period was the area around New York City located at the edge of an ice sheet 1,000 feet deep?", "id": "56ce3348aab44d1400b88561", "answers": [{"text": "the Wisconsinan glaciation", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Long Island and Staten Island were split in half by what geographical phenomenon?", "id": "56cf9f4b234ae51400d9be35", "answers": [{"text": "ice sheet", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the geologic foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, the ice sheet would help split apart what are now Long Island and Staten Island."}], ["Lawatan pertama yang didokumentasikan oleh orang Eropah adalah pada 1524 oleh Giovanni da Verrazzano, seorang penjelajah Florentine dalam perkhidmatan mahkota Perancis, yang melayari kapalnya La Dauphine ke Pelabuhan New York. Dia mendakwa kawasan itu untuk Perancis dan menamakannya \"Nouvelle Angoul\u00eame\" (New Angoul\u00eame). <> Dalam tahun berapakah Eropah pertama tiba di kawasan New York? || 1524 <> Apa nama orang Eropah pertama yang tiba di kawasan New York? || Giovanni da Verrazzano <> Apa nama kapal Giovanni da Verrazzano? || La Dauphine <> Negara apa yang dilakukan Giovanni da Verrazzano? || Perancis <> Apa yang Giovanni da Verrazzano memanggil kawasan tersebut apabila dia menuntut tuntutan? || Nouvelle Angoul\u00eame <> Bilakah Eropah pertama yang melawat kawasan NYC? || 1524 <> Kapal Giovanni da Verrazzano yang berlayar ke New York dinamakan apa? || La Dauphine <> Giovani da Verrazzano adalah peneroka dari negara mana? || Perancis", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the first European arrive in the New York area?", "id": "56ce345caab44d1400b88580", "answers": [{"text": "1524", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the first European who arrived in the New York area?", "id": "56ce345caab44d1400b88581", "answers": [{"text": "Giovanni da Verrazzano", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Giovanni da Verrazzano's ship?", "id": "56ce345caab44d1400b88582", "answers": [{"text": "La Dauphine", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nation did Giovanni da Verrazzano serve?", "id": "56ce345caab44d1400b88583", "answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Giovanni da Verrazzano call the area when he staked claim on it?", "id": "56ce345caab44d1400b88584", "answers": [{"text": "Nouvelle Angoul\u00eame", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the first European to visit the area of NYC?", "id": "56cfa06a234ae51400d9be39", "answers": [{"text": "1524", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Giovanni da Verrazzano's ship that sailed to New York was named what?", "id": "56cfa06a234ae51400d9be3a", "answers": [{"text": "La Dauphine", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Giovani da Verrazzano was an explorer from which country?", "id": "56cfa06a234ae51400d9be3b", "answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into New York Harbor. He claimed the area for France and named it \"Nouvelle Angoul\u00eame\" (New Angoul\u00eame)."}], ["Penduduk pertama bukan asli Amerika yang akhirnya akan menjadi New York City ialah peniaga Dominican Juan Rodriguez (diterjemahkan kepada Belanda sebagai Jan Rodrigues). Dilahirkan di Santo Domingo keturunan Portugis dan Afrika, beliau tiba di Manhattan semasa musim sejuk 1613-1614, memerangkap pelts dan berdagang dengan penduduk tempatan sebagai wakil Belanda. Broadway, dari 159th Street ke 218th Street, dinamakan Juan Rodriguez Way dalam penghormatannya. <> Di mana lahirlah Juan Rodriguez? || Santo Domingo <> Apa yang dipanggil Belanda Juan Rodriguez? || Jan Rodrigues <> Apa pekerjaan Juan Rodriguez? || pedagang <> Apa jalan yang dinamakan selepas Juan Rodriguez? || Juan Rodriguez Way <> Semasa apa musim pertama Juan Rodriguez datang ke New York? || musim sejuk <> Siapa orang bukan India pertama yang tinggal di NYC sekarang? || Juan Rodriguez <> Jalan mana di NYC hari ini sekarang dinamakan selepas Juan Rodriguez? || Broadway, dari 159th Street hingga 218th Street", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was Juan Rodriguez born?", "id": "56ce362aaab44d1400b885bc", "answers": [{"text": "Santo Domingo", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Dutch call Juan Rodriguez?", "id": "56ce362aaab44d1400b885bd", "answers": [{"text": "Jan Rodrigues", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Juan Rodriguez's occupation?", "id": "56ce362aaab44d1400b885be", "answers": [{"text": "trader", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the street that is named after Juan Rodriguez?", "id": "56ce362aaab44d1400b885bf", "answers": [{"text": "Juan Rodriguez Way", "answer_start": 425}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what season did Juan Rodriguez first come to New York?", "id": "56ce362aaab44d1400b885c0", "answers": [{"text": "winter", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first non-Indian person to live in what is now NYC?", "id": "56cfabed234ae51400d9be49", "answers": [{"text": "Juan Rodriguez", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which street in NYC today is now named after Juan Rodriguez?", "id": "56cfabed234ae51400d9be4b", "answers": [{"text": "Broadway, from 159th Street to 218th Street", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Dominican trader Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as Jan Rodrigues). Born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613\u20131614, trapping for pelts and trading with the local population as a representative of the Dutch. Broadway, from 159th Street to 218th Street, is named Juan Rodriguez Way in his honor."}], ["Ekspedisi Sepanyol yang diketuai oleh kapten Est\u00eav\u00e3o Gomes, sebuah kapal layar Portugis untuk Maharaja Charles V, tiba di Pelabuhan New York pada Januari 1525 di atas kapal angkasa \"La Anunciada\" yang dibina khas dan memancarkan mulut Sungai Hudson, yang bernama Rio de San Antonio. Es berat memeliharanya dari penerokaan lanjut, dan dia kembali ke Sepanyol pada bulan Ogos. Peta saintifik pertama untuk menunjukkan pantai timur Amerika Utara secara terus menerus, peta dunia 1527 yang dikenali sebagai Padr\u00f3n Real, dimaklumkan oleh ekspedisi Gomes, dan dilabelkan sebagai Timur Laut sebagai Tierra de Esteban G\u00f3mez dalam penghormatannya. <> Dalam tahun berapakah ekspedisi Sepanyol melawat New York Harbor? || 1525 <> Siapa yang memerintahkan ekspedisi Sepanyol? || Est\u00eav\u00e3o Gomes <> Apakah kewarganegaraan Est\u00eav\u00e3o Gomes? || Portugis <> Apakah raja yang melakukan Est\u00eav\u00e3o Gomes berkhidmat? || Charles V <> Apa nama kapal Est\u00eav\u00e3o Gomes? || La Anunciada <> Depan Sungai Hudson dinamakan oleh Estevao Gomes? || Rio de San Antonio <> Apakah peta pertama untuk menunjukkan seluruh pantai timur Amerika Utara? || Padr\u00f3n Real", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did a Spanish expedition visit New York Harbor?", "id": "56ce34c7aab44d1400b88594", "answers": [{"text": "1525", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who commanded the Spanish expedition?", "id": "56ce34c7aab44d1400b88595", "answers": [{"text": "Est\u00eav\u00e3o Gomes", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the nationality of Est\u00eav\u00e3o Gomes?", "id": "56ce34c7aab44d1400b88596", "answers": [{"text": "Portuguese", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What monarch did Est\u00eav\u00e3o Gomes serve?", "id": "56ce34c7aab44d1400b88597", "answers": [{"text": "Charles V", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Est\u00eav\u00e3o Gomes's ship?", "id": "56ce34c7aab44d1400b88598", "answers": [{"text": "La Anunciada", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The front of the Hudson River was named what by Estevao Gomes?", "id": "56cfa4d8234ae51400d9be3f", "answers": [{"text": "Rio de San Antonio", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first map to show the whole North American East coast?", "id": "56cfa4d8234ae51400d9be40", "answers": [{"text": "Padr\u00f3n Real", "answer_start": 454}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A Spanish expedition led by captain Est\u00eav\u00e3o Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel \"La Anunciada\" and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August. The first scientific map to show the North American East coast continuously, the 1527 world map known as the Padr\u00f3n Real, was informed by Gomes' expedition, and labeled the Northeast as Tierra de Esteban G\u00f3mez in his honor."}], ["New York-sering dipanggil New York City atau City of New York untuk membezakannya dari Negeri New York, di mana ia adalah sebahagian-adalah bandar paling ramai penduduk di Amerika Syarikat dan pusat kawasan metropolitan New York, pintu masuk utama untuk imigresen undang-undang ke Amerika Syarikat dan salah satu kumpulan aglomerasi bandar yang paling ramai di dunia. Sebuah bandar kuasa global, New York memberikan impak yang ketara ke atas perdagangan, kewangan, media, seni, fesyen, penyelidikan, teknologi, pendidikan, dan hiburan, dengan pantasnya menentukan masa New York. Rumah ke markas Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu, New York merupakan pusat penting untuk diplomasi antarabangsa dan telah digambarkan sebagai ibukota budaya dan kewangan dunia. <> Apa bandar di Amerika Syarikat mempunyai penduduk tertinggi? || New York <> Di mana bandar adalah berdasarkan PBB? || New York <> Kota apa yang dipanggil ibukota budaya dunia? || New York <> Apa bandar Amerika mengalu-alukan bilangan pendatang yang sah? || New York <> Gerbang utama untuk imigresen telah menjadi bandar AS? || New York City <> Bandar paling padat di Amerika Syarikat adalah bandar mana? || Bandar New York", {"qas": [{"question": "What city in the United States has the highest population?", "id": "56ce304daab44d1400b8850e", "answers": [{"text": "New York", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city is the United Nations based?", "id": "56ce304daab44d1400b8850f", "answers": [{"text": "New York", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city has been called the cultural capital of the world?", "id": "56ce304daab44d1400b88510", "answers": [{"text": "New York", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What American city welcomes the largest number of legal immigrants?", "id": "56ce304daab44d1400b88511", "answers": [{"text": "New York", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The major gateway for immigration has been which US city?", "id": "56cf5d41aab44d1400b89130", "answers": [{"text": "New York City", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The most populated city in the United States is which city?", "id": "56cf5d41aab44d1400b89131", "answers": [{"text": "New York City", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York\u2014often called New York City or the City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part\u2014is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York metropolitan area, the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States and one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term New York minute. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world."}], ["New York City menjejaskan akarnya pada penubuhan 1624 sebagai jawatan perdagangan oleh kolonis Republik Belanda dan dinamakan New Amsterdam pada tahun 1626. Bandar dan sekitarnya terletak di bawah kawalan Inggeris pada 1664. New York berkhidmat sebagai ibu negara Amerika Syarikat dari 1785 hingga 1790. Ia telah menjadi bandar terbesar di negara ini sejak tahun 1790. Patung Liberty menyambut berjuta-juta pendatang ketika mereka datang ke Amerika dengan kapal pada akhir abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20 dan merupakan lambang yang diakui secara global di Amerika Syarikat dan demokrasi. <> Apakah jawatan perdagangan yang didahului oleh New York City? || New Amsterdam <> Negara mana yang mengasaskan New Amsterdam? || Republik Belanda <> Dalam tahun apakah New York menjadi bandar terbesar di Amerika Syarikat? || 1790 <> Bilakah Inggeris mengambil alih kawasan itu dari Belanda? || 1664 <> Pada tahun apakah New York berhenti menjadi ibu negara Amerika Syarikat? || 1790 <> Bilakah New York City ditubuhkan? || 1624 <> New Amsterdam menjadi gelaran New York City dalam apa tarikh yang lalu? || 1626 <> Bahasa Inggeris menduduki New York City bermula pada tarikh apa? || 1664 <> New York City adalah bandar terbesar di Amerika Syarikat sejak tarikh bersejarah? || 1790", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the trading post that preceded New York City called?", "id": "56ce31baaab44d1400b8853a", "answers": [{"text": "New Amsterdam", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nation founded New Amsterdam?", "id": "56ce31baaab44d1400b8853b", "answers": [{"text": "the Dutch Republic", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did New York become the largest city in the United States?", "id": "56ce31baaab44d1400b8853c", "answers": [{"text": "1790", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the English take over the area from the Dutch?", "id": "56ce31baaab44d1400b8853d", "answers": [{"text": "1664", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did New York cease the be the capital of the United States?", "id": "56ce31baaab44d1400b8853e", "answers": [{"text": "1790", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was New York City established?", "id": "56cf9df0234ae51400d9be25", "answers": [{"text": "1624", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New Amsterdam became the title of New York City in what past date?", "id": "56cf9df0234ae51400d9be26", "answers": [{"text": "1626", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The English occupied New York City beginning on what date?", "id": "56cf9df0234ae51400d9be27", "answers": [{"text": "1664", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New York City is the biggest city in the United States since what historical date?", "id": "56cf9df0234ae51400d9be29", "answers": [{"text": "1790", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy."}], ["Pada tahun 1609, penjelajah bahasa Inggeris, Henry Hudson kembali menemui rantau ini ketika ia mengangkut kapalnya Halve Maen (\"Half Moon\" dalam bahasa Belanda) ke Pelabuhan New York ketika mencari Laluan Barat Laut ke Orient untuk majikannya, Dutch East India Company . Dia meneruskan belayar apa yang dinamakannya Sungai Utara, juga dikenali sebagai Sungai Mauritis, dan kini dikenali sebagai Sungai Hudson, ke tapak ibu kota Albany yang sekarang ini di dalam kepercayaan bahawa ia mungkin mewakili anak sungai lautan . Apabila sungai menyempit dan tidak lagi garam, dia sedar ia bukan laluan maritim dan belayar ke arah bawah. Beliau membuat penerokaan sepuluh hari di kawasan tersebut dan mendakwa rantau ini untuk majikannya. Pada tahun 1614, kawasan antara Cape Cod dan Delaware Bay akan dituntut oleh Belanda dan dipanggil Nieuw-Nederland (New Netherland). <> Apakah nama penjelajah yang melawat kawasan tersebut pada tahun 1609? || Henry Hudson <> Siapa Henry Hudson bekerja? || Syarikat Hindia Timur Belanda <> Pada tahun apakah Belanda mendakwa kawasan antara Delaware Bay dan Cape Cod? || 1614 <> Berapa harikah Henry Hudson meluangkan masa menjelajah rantau ini? || sepuluh <> Apa yang Henry Hudson memanggil sungai yang sekarang disebut Sungai Hudson? || Sungai Utara <> Henry Hudson bekerja di mana syarikat itu pada tahun 1600-an? || Syarikat Hindia Timur Belanda <> Pada tahun apakah tanah di antara Cape Cod dan Delaware Bay yang dituntut oleh Belanda? || 1614 <> Yang explorer yang belayar kapalnya ke pelabuhan New York pada tahun 1609? || Henry Hudson", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the explorer who visited the area in 1609?", "id": "56ce3569aab44d1400b885aa", "answers": [{"text": "Henry Hudson", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Henry Hudson working for?", "id": "56ce3569aab44d1400b885ab", "answers": [{"text": "Dutch East India Company", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Netherlands claim the area between Delaware Bay and Cape Cod?", "id": "56ce3569aab44d1400b885ac", "answers": [{"text": "1614", "answer_start": 702}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many days did Henry Hudson spend exploring the region?", "id": "56ce3569aab44d1400b885ad", "answers": [{"text": "ten", "answer_start": 626}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Henry Hudson call the river that is now called the Hudson River?", "id": "56ce3569aab44d1400b885ae", "answers": [{"text": "North River", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Henry Hudson worked for which company in the 1600s?", "id": "56cfab96234ae51400d9be43", "answers": [{"text": "Dutch East India Company", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the land between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay claimed by the Dutch?", "id": "56cfab96234ae51400d9be44", "answers": [{"text": "1614", "answer_start": 702}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which explorer sailed his ship into New York harbor in 1609?", "id": "56cfab96234ae51400d9be45", "answers": [{"text": "Henry Hudson", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1609, English explorer Henry Hudson re-discovered the region when he sailed his ship the Halve Maen (\"Half Moon\" in Dutch) into New York Harbor while searching for the Northwest Passage to the Orient for his employer, the Dutch East India Company. He proceeded to sail up what he named the North River, also called the Mauritis River, and now known as the Hudson River, to the site of the present-day New York State capital of Albany in the belief that it might represent an oceanic tributary. When the river narrowed and was no longer saline, he realized it was not a maritime passage and sailed back downriver. He made a ten-day exploration of the area and claimed the region for his employer. In 1614, the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay would be claimed by the Netherlands and called Nieuw-Nederland (New Netherland)."}], ["Banyak daerah dan mercu tanda di New York City telah menjadi terkenal, dan bandar itu menerima rekod 56 juta pelancong pada tahun 2014, menganjurkan tiga dari sepuluh tarikan pelancongan paling banyak di dunia pada tahun 2013. Beberapa sumber telah menduduki bandar New York yang paling difoto di dunia. Times Square, yang ikonik sebagai \"hati\" di dunia dan \"Crossroads\", adalah pusat bercahaya yang terang di Daerah Teater Broadway, salah satu persilangan pejalan kaki tersibuk di dunia, dan pusat utama industri hiburan dunia. Nama banyak jambatan, pencakar langit, dan taman di bandar ini diketahui di seluruh dunia. Diikat oleh Wall Street di Daerah Kewangan Lower Manhattan, New York City dipanggil kedua-dua bandar paling kuat ekonomi dan pusat kewangan utama di dunia, dan bandar ini adalah rumah bagi dua bursa saham terbesar di dunia dengan jumlah permodalan pasaran, Bursa Saham New York dan NASDAQ. Pasar hartanah Manhattan adalah antara yang paling mahal di dunia. Chinatown Manhattan menggabungkan kepekatan tertinggi orang Cina di Hemisfera Barat, dengan pelbagai tanda tangan Chinatown berkembang di seluruh bandar. Menyediakan perkhidmatan 24/7 yang berterusan, New York City Subway adalah salah satu sistem metro yang paling luas di seluruh dunia, dengan 469 stesen yang beroperasi. Rangkaian pendidikan tinggi New York City terdiri daripada lebih daripada 120 kolej dan universiti, termasuk Columbia University, Universiti New York, dan Universiti Rockefeller, yang telah disenaraikan di antara 35 teratas di dunia. <> Berapa ramai pelancong melawat New York pada tahun 2014? || 56 juta <> Berapa banyak stesen yang dikendalikan oleh New York City Subway? || 469 <> Dalam apa borough terletak di Wall Street? || Manhattan <> Berapa banyak sekolah dan universiti di NYC? || 120 <> NYC mempunyai dua bursa saham terbesar di dunia yang dipanggil apa? || New York Stock Exchange dan NASDAQ", {"qas": [{"question": "How many tourists visited New York in 2014?", "id": "56ce32e7aab44d1400b88550", "answers": [{"text": "56 million", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many stations are operated by the New York City Subway?", "id": "56ce32e7aab44d1400b88551", "answers": [{"text": "469", "answer_start": 1303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what borough is Wall Street located?", "id": "56ce32e7aab44d1400b88552", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 677}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many school and universities are in NYC?", "id": "56cf9f16234ae51400d9be30", "answers": [{"text": "120", "answer_start": 1386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "NYC has the two largest stock exchanges in the world which are called what?", "id": "56cf9f16234ae51400d9be31", "answers": [{"text": "New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ", "answer_start": 906}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known, and the city received a record 56 million tourists in 2014, hosting three of the world's ten most visited tourist attractions in 2013. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world. Times Square, iconic as the world's \"heart\" and its \"Crossroads\", is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway Theater District, one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections, and a major center of the world's entertainment industry. The names of many of the city's bridges, skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world, and the city is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization, the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ. Manhattan's real estate market is among the most expensive in the world. Manhattan's Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 469 stations in operation. New York City's higher education network comprises over 120 colleges and universities, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, which have been ranked among the top 35 in the world."}], ["Terletak di salah satu pelabuhan semulajadi terbesar di dunia, New York City terdiri daripada lima borough, masing-masing adalah daerah yang berasingan di New York State. Lima borough - Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, Bronx, dan Staten Island - disatukan menjadi sebuah bandar tunggal pada tahun 1898. Dengan populasi penduduk dianggarkan kira-kira 8,491,079 diagihkan pada kawasan tanah hanya 305 batu persegi (790 km2) New York adalah bandar utama yang paling padat penduduknya di Amerika Syarikat. Seramai 800 bahasa diucapkan di New York, menjadikannya bandar yang paling berbilang bahasa di dunia. Dengan anggaran bancian 2014, rantau metropolitan New York City kekal dengan margin ketara yang paling ramai penduduknya di Amerika Syarikat, seperti yang ditakrifkan oleh Kawasan Statistik Metropolitan (20.1 juta penduduk) dan Kawasan Statistik Gabungan (23.6 juta penduduk). Pada tahun 2013, MSA menghasilkan produk metropolitan kasar (GMP) hampir US $ 1.39 trilion, manakala pada tahun 2012, CSA menjana GMP lebih daripada US $ 1.55 trilion, kedua-duanya peringkat pertama secara nasional dengan margin yang luas dan di belakang KDNK hanya dua belas dan sebelas negara masing-masing. <> Berapa banyak borough terdiri daripada New York City? || lima <> Pada tahun apakah lima buah bandar digabungkan menjadi satu bandar? || 1898 <> Pada tahun 2014, apa yang banci menganggarkan penduduk New York City menjadi? || 8,491,079 <> Berapa saiz Kota New York dalam batu persegi? || 305 <> Apakah populasi Kawasan Statistik Gabungan New York? || 23.6 juta <> Berapa ramai lelaki yang ada di New York City? || lima <> Lima lima bandar di New York City dinamakan apa? || Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, dan Staten Island <> Semua lima bandar New York City dibentuk menjadi satu bandar pada tarikh apa? || 1898 <> Apa populasi New York City pada tahun 2014? || 8,491,079 <> Berapa banyak bahasa yang digunakan oleh orang-orang di New York City? || 800", {"qas": [{"question": "How many boroughs comprise New York City?", "id": "56ce3124aab44d1400b8852a", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year were the five boroughs combined into one city?", "id": "56ce3124aab44d1400b8852b", "answers": [{"text": "1898", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2014, what did the census estimate the population of New York City to be?", "id": "56ce3124aab44d1400b8852c", "answers": [{"text": "8,491,079", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the size of New York City in square miles?", "id": "56ce3124aab44d1400b8852d", "answers": [{"text": "305", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the population of New York's Combined Statistical Area?", "id": "56ce3124aab44d1400b8852e", "answers": [{"text": "23.6 million", "answer_start": 826}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How man boroughs does New York City contain?", "id": "56cf9d81234ae51400d9be1b", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The five boroughs of New York City are named what?", "id": "56cf9d81234ae51400d9be1c", "answers": [{"text": "Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "All five boroughs of New York City formed into one city on what date?", "id": "56cf9d81234ae51400d9be1d", "answers": [{"text": "1898", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the population of New York City as of 2014?", "id": "56cf9d81234ae51400d9be1e", "answers": [{"text": "8,491,079", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many languages are spoken by the people of New York City?", "id": "56cf9d81234ae51400d9be1f", "answers": [{"text": "800", "answer_start": 478}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs \u2013 Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island \u2013 were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 8,491,079 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. By 2014 census estimates, the New York City metropolitan region remains by a significant margin the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.1 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.6 million residents). In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of nearly US$1.39 trillion, while in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion, both ranking first nationally by a wide margin and behind the GDP of only twelve and eleven countries, respectively."}], ["Pada tahun 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, Ketua Pengarah koloni New Netherland, menyerahkan New Amsterdam kepada Inggeris tanpa pertumpahan darah. Bahasa Inggeris dengan segera menamakan semula bandar baru \"New York\" selepas Duke of York (kemudian King James II). <> Apakah panggilan Inggeris New Amsterdam selepas penangkapannya? || New York <> Apakah nama rasmi Duke of York? || James II <> Siapakah yang menyerahkan New Amsterdam ke bahasa Inggeris? || Peter Stuyvesant <> Apakah tajuk Peter Stuyvesant? || Ketua Pengarah <> Dalam tahun apakah Inggeris mengambil alih New Amsterdam? || 1664 <> Siapa yang menyerahkan New Amsterdam ke bahasa Inggeris tanpa pertarungan pada tahun 1664? || Peter Stuyvesant", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the English call New Amsterdam after its capture?", "id": "56cedc10aab44d1400b88b19", "answers": [{"text": "New York", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the regnal name of the Duke of York?", "id": "56cedc10aab44d1400b88b1a", "answers": [{"text": "James II", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What person gave up New Amsterdam to the English?", "id": "56cedc10aab44d1400b88b1b", "answers": [{"text": "Peter Stuyvesant", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Peter Stuyvesant's title?", "id": "56cedc10aab44d1400b88b1c", "answers": [{"text": "Director-General", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the English take over New Amsterdam?", "id": "56cedc10aab44d1400b88b1d", "answers": [{"text": "1664", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who gave up New Amsterdam to the English without a fight in 1664?", "id": "56cfb240234ae51400d9be96", "answers": [{"text": "Peter Stuyvesant", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. The English promptly renamed the fledgling city \"New York\" after the Duke of York (later King James II)."}], ["Perbicaraan di Manhattan John Peter Zenger pada tahun 1735 membantu mewujudkan kebebasan akhbar di Amerika Utara. Pada tahun 1754, Columbia University diasaskan di bawah piagam oleh King George II sebagai King's College di Lower Manhattan. Kongres Akta Setem bertemu di New York pada bulan Oktober 1765 sebagai Anak-anak Liberty yang dianjurkan di bandar ini, memancing selama sepuluh tahun yang akan datang dengan tentera British ditempatkan di sana. <> Pada tahun apakah John Peter Zenger cuba? || 1735 <> Di pulau apakah percubaan Zenger itu berlaku? || Manhattan <> Pada tahun apakah universiti Columbia disewa? || 1754 <> Di bawah apa yang raja membuat pendirian Universiti Columbia berlaku? || George II <> Apakah nama asal Columbia University? || King's College <> Percubaan mana di Manhatten membantu menubuhkan hak kebebasan akhbar? || John Peter Zenger <> Columbia University of New York telah ditubuhkan pada tahun berapa? || 1754 <> The Stamp Act Congress mengadakan pertemuan di 1765 di mana bandar AS? || New York", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was John Peter Zenger tried?", "id": "56cede40aab44d1400b88b71", "answers": [{"text": "1735", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what island did Zenger's trial occur?", "id": "56cede40aab44d1400b88b72", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Columbia University chartered?", "id": "56cede40aab44d1400b88b73", "answers": [{"text": "1754", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Under what king did the founding of Columbia University occur?", "id": "56cede40aab44d1400b88b74", "answers": [{"text": "George II", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the original name of Columbia University?", "id": "56cede40aab44d1400b88b75", "answers": [{"text": "King's College", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which trial in Manhatten helped establish the right of freedom of the press?", "id": "56cfb691234ae51400d9bec3", "answers": [{"text": "John Peter Zenger", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Columbia University of New York was founded in what year?", "id": "56cfb691234ae51400d9bec4", "answers": [{"text": "1754", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Stamp Act Congress had a meeting in 1765 in which US city?", "id": "56cfb691234ae51400d9bec5", "answers": [{"text": "New York", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The trial in Manhattan of John Peter Zenger in 1735 helped to establish the freedom of the press in North America. In 1754, Columbia University was founded under charter by King George II as King's College in Lower Manhattan. The Stamp Act Congress met in New York in October 1765 as the Sons of Liberty organized in the city, skirmishing over the next ten years with British troops stationed there."}], ["Satu-satunya percubaan dalam penyelesaian damai untuk perang berlaku di Dewan Persidangan di Staten Island antara perwakilan Amerika, termasuk Benjamin Franklin, dan Lord Howe British pada 11 September 1776. Tidak lama selepas pendudukan British bermula, Kebakaran Besar Baru York berlaku, kebakaran besar di West Side of Lower Manhattan, yang memusnahkan kira-kira satu perempat daripada bangunan di bandar itu, termasuk Gereja Trinity. <> Pada tarikh apakah persidangan damai di Pulau Staten berlaku? || 11 September 1776 <> Siapa wakil British pada mesyuarat Persidangan Dewan? || Lord Howe <> Apakah malapetaka yang berlaku di bawah pendudukan British? || Kebakaran Besar di New York <> Dalam apa yang berlaku di zaman moden, apakah Kebakaran Besar berlaku? || Manhattan <> Apa yang menyatakan bangunan agama dimusnahkan di dalam Kebakaran Besar? || <Trinity Church <> Siapa jeneral Inggeris yang bertemu dengan Benjamin Franklin pada Sep 11, 1776? || Lord Howe <> Mana-mana bencana alam yang berlaku selepas pendudukan Inggeris Lower Manhattan? || Kebakaran Besar New York", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date did the peace conference on Staten Island occur?", "id": "56cee30faab44d1400b88bf1", "answers": [{"text": "September 11, 1776", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the British representative at the Conference House meeting?", "id": "56cee30faab44d1400b88bf2", "answers": [{"text": "Lord Howe", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What notable catastrophe took place under the British occupation?", "id": "56cee30faab44d1400b88bf3", "answers": [{"text": "Great Fire of New York", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what modern-day borough did the Great Fire happen?", "id": "56cee30faab44d1400b88bf4", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What noted religious building was destroyed in the Great Fire?", "id": "56cee30faab44d1400b88bf5", "answers": [{"text": "Trinity Church", "answer_start": 425}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the English general who met with Benjamin Franklin on Septermber 11, 1776?", "id": "56cfb961234ae51400d9beff", "answers": [{"text": "Lord Howe", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which natural disaster happened after English occupation of Lower Manhattan?", "id": "56cfb961234ae51400d9bf00", "answers": [{"text": "the Great Fire of New York", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The only attempt at a peaceful solution to the war took place at the Conference House on Staten Island between American delegates, including Benjamin Franklin, and British general Lord Howe on September 11, 1776. Shortly after the British occupation began, the Great Fire of New York occurred, a large conflagration on the West Side of Lower Manhattan, which destroyed about a quarter of the buildings in the city, including Trinity Church."}], ["Pada 24 Ogos 1673, kapten Belanda, Anthonio Colve mengambil alih tanah jajahan New York dari England dan merembeskannya \"Orange Baru\" untuk menghormati Pangeran Orange, Raja William III. Walau bagaimanapun, menghadapi kekalahan dari British dan Perancis, yang telah bekerjasama untuk memusnahkan laluan perdagangan Belanda, Belanda kembali pulau itu ke England pada tahun 1674. <> Apa nama raja Pangeran Orange? || William III <> Apakah tarikh penangkapan Anthonio Colve di New York? || 24 Ogos 1673 <> Apakah Colve memanggil New York selepas dia menawannya? || New Orange <> Dalam tahun apa apakah orang Belanda memberikan New York kembali kepada bahasa Inggeris? || 1674 <> 24 Ogos 1673 adalah ketika pegawai Belanda menguasai NYC? || Anthonio Colve <> Belanda memberikan kembali pulau itu ke negara mana pada tahun 1674 selepas laluan perdagangan mereka telah musnah? || England <> New York dipanggil New Orange untuk tempoh yang berdasarkan angka sejarahnya? || Raja William III", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the regnal name of the Prince of Orange?", "id": "56cedc8eaab44d1400b88b23", "answers": [{"text": "William III", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the date of Anthonio Colve's capture of New York?", "id": "56cedc8eaab44d1400b88b24", "answers": [{"text": "August 24, 1673", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Colve call New York after he captured it?", "id": "56cedc8eaab44d1400b88b25", "answers": [{"text": "New Orange", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Dutch give New York back to the English?", "id": "56cedc8eaab44d1400b88b26", "answers": [{"text": "1674", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "August 24, 1673 is when which Dutch officer  took control of NYC?", "id": "56cfb43d234ae51400d9beab", "answers": [{"text": "Anthonio Colve", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Dutch gave back the island to which country in 1674 after their trade routes had been destroyed?", "id": "56cfb43d234ae51400d9beac", "answers": [{"text": "England", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New York was called New Orange for a period based off which historical figure?", "id": "56cfb43d234ae51400d9bead", "answers": [{"text": "King William III", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On August 24, 1673, Dutch captain Anthonio Colve took over the colony of New York from England and rechristened it \"New Orange\" to honor the Prince of Orange, King William III. However, facing defeat from the British and French, who had teamed up to destroy Dutch trading routes, the Dutch returned the island to England in 1674."}], ["Pada akhir Perang Anglo-Belanda Kedua, bahasa Inggeris mendapat New Amsterdam (New York) di Amerika Utara dengan pertukaran kawalan Belanda untuk Run, sebuah pulau Indonesia. Beberapa peperangan antar-suku di kalangan Orang Asli Amerika dan beberapa wabak yang dihubungkan dengan orang Eropah menyebabkan kehilangan penduduk yang besar bagi Lenape antara tahun 1660 dan 1670. Menjelang 1700, penduduk Lenape telah berkurang hingga 200. Selepas perang apa yang dilakukan oleh Inggeris menerima New Amsterdam? || Perang Anglo-Belanda Kedua <Berapa banyak orang yang tinggal di kawasan Lenape pada tahun 1700? || 200 <> Apa nama pulau Inggeris yang diperdagangkan ke Belanda sebagai balasan untuk New Amsterdam? || Main <> Pada tahun 1700, penduduk Lenape Native American telah berkurang hingga berapa banyak? || 200 <> Selepas perang mana England mendapat New York sebagai pertukaran untuk Run, sebuah pulau Indonesia? || Perang Anglo-Belanda Kedua", {"qas": [{"question": "After what war did the English receive New Amsterdam?", "id": "56cedd1caab44d1400b88b41", "answers": [{"text": "Second Anglo-Dutch War", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Lenape lived in the area in 1700?", "id": "56cedd1caab44d1400b88b42", "answers": [{"text": "200", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the island the English traded to the Dutch in return for New Amsterdam?", "id": "56cedd1caab44d1400b88b43", "answers": [{"text": "Run", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1700, the Lenape Native American population had dwindled to how many?", "id": "56cfb502234ae51400d9beb1", "answers": [{"text": "200", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After which war did England gain New York in exchange for Run, an Indonesian island?", "id": "56cfb502234ae51400d9beb2", "answers": [{"text": "Second Anglo-Dutch War", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War, the English gained New Amsterdam (New York) in North America in exchange for Dutch control of Run, an Indonesian island. Several intertribal wars among the Native Americans and some epidemics brought on by contact with the Europeans caused sizable population losses for the Lenape between the years 1660 and 1670. By 1700, the Lenape population had diminished to 200."}], ["New York semakin penting sebagai pelabuhan perdagangan sementara di bawah pemerintahan British pada awal 1700-an. Ia juga menjadi pusat perbudakan, dengan 42% isi rumah memegang budak pada tahun 1730, lebih daripada bandar lain selain Charleston, Carolina Selatan. Kebanyakan pemegang hamba mengadakan beberapa atau beberapa budak domestik, tetapi yang lain mengupah mereka untuk bekerja di buruh. Perbudakan menjadi terikat secara terikat kepada ekonomi New York melalui buruh hamba di seluruh pelabuhan, dan bank dan perkapalan terikat di Selatan. Penemuan Tanah Pengebumian Afrika pada tahun 1990-an, semasa pembinaan bangunan mahkamah persekutuan baru berhampiran Foley Square, mendedahkan puluhan ribu orang Afrika telah dikebumikan di kawasan itu pada zaman penjajahan. <> Pada tahun 1730, berapa peratusan isi rumah New York yang menjadi hamba? || 42% <> Pada 1730, apa bandar Amerika mempunyai peratusan tertinggi pemegang hamba? || Charleston, Carolina Selatan <> Berhampiran dataran yang ditemui di Tanah Perkuburan Afrika? || Foley Square <> Apa yang sedang dibina yang mengakibatkan penemuan Tanah Perkuburan Afrika? || gedung pengadilan <> Kota manakah di Amerika Utara yang memegang hamba paling ramai pada tahun 1700-an? || Charleston, Carolina Selatan <> Bilakah tanah kubur Afrika ditemui selepas bangunan mahkamah baru? || 1990-an", {"qas": [{"question": "In 1730, what percentage of New York households were slave-holding?", "id": "56ceddd9aab44d1400b88b5f", "answers": [{"text": "42%", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1730, what American city had the highest percentage of slaveholders?", "id": "56ceddd9aab44d1400b88b60", "answers": [{"text": "Charleston, South Carolina", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Near what square was the African Burial Ground unearthed?", "id": "56ceddd9aab44d1400b88b61", "answers": [{"text": "Foley Square", "answer_start": 594}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was being built that resulted in the discovery of the African Burial Ground?", "id": "56ceddd9aab44d1400b88b62", "answers": [{"text": "courthouse", "answer_start": 578}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which city in North America held the most slaves in the 1700s?", "id": "56cfb5cb234ae51400d9beb6", "answers": [{"text": "Charleston, South Carolina", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was as African burial ground discovered after the building of new courthouse?", "id": "56cfb5cb234ae51400d9beb7", "answers": [{"text": "1990s", "answer_start": 534}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York grew in importance as a trading port while under British rule in the early 1700s. It also became a center of slavery, with 42% of households holding slaves by 1730, more than any other city other than Charleston, South Carolina. Most slaveholders held a few or several domestic slaves, but others hired them out to work at labor. Slavery became integrally tied to New York's economy through the labor of slaves throughout the port, and the banks and shipping tied to the South. Discovery of the African Burying Ground in the 1990s, during construction of a new federal courthouse near Foley Square, revealed that tens of thousands of Africans had been buried in the area in the colonial years."}], ["Di bawah tindakan pemansuhan beransur-ansur negeri New York pada tahun 1799, kanak-kanak ibu hamba dilahirkan pada akhirnya dibebaskan tetapi telah ditahan di bawah penghormatan sehingga dua dekad lewat. Bersama dengan hamba yang dibebaskan oleh tuan mereka selepas Perang Revolusi dan melarikan diri dari hamba, populasi hitam yang signifikan secara beransur-ansur berkembang di Manhattan. Di bawah pengasas Amerika yang berpengaruh seperti Alexander Hamilton dan John Jay, New York Manumission Society bekerja untuk penghapusan dan mendirikan Sekolah Percuma Afrika untuk mendidik anak-anak kulit hitam. Tidak sampai tahun 1827 perhambaan telah dimansuhkan sepenuhnya di negeri ini, dan orang kulit hitam yang bebas berjuang selepas itu dengan diskriminasi. Aktivisme pemecatan rasuah di New York berterusan; antara pemimpinnya adalah graduan Sekolah Percuma Afrika. Penduduk hitam di bandar ini mencapai lebih daripada 16,000 pada tahun 1840. <Tahun> berapa tahun negeri New York meluluskan undang-undang untuk membebaskan budak-budak itu? || 1799 <> Berapa banyak penduduk di Afrika-Amerika yang bebas? || Manhattan <> Bersama John Jay, yang mengasaskan Persatuan Manumission New York? || Alexander Hamilton <> Dalam tahun apakah negeri New York menghilangkan perhambaan? || 1827 <> Pada tahun 1840, kira-kira berapa orang Afrika-Amerika tinggal di New York City? || 16,000 <> Tindakan pemansuhan beransur-ansur di New York dibentuk pada tahun berapa? || 1799 <> Bilakah perhambaan benar-benar dilarang di negeri New York? || 1827", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the state of New York pass a law to free the slaves?", "id": "56cee43eaab44d1400b88c05", "answers": [{"text": "1799", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What borough was home to a notable population of free African-Americans?", "id": "56cee43eaab44d1400b88c06", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with John Jay, who founded the New York Manumission Society?", "id": "56cee43eaab44d1400b88c07", "answers": [{"text": "Alexander Hamilton", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the state of New York eliminate slavery?", "id": "56cee43eaab44d1400b88c08", "answers": [{"text": "1827", "answer_start": 571}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1840, about how many African-Americans lived in New York City?", "id": "56cee43eaab44d1400b88c09", "answers": [{"text": "16,000", "answer_start": 846}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The gradual abolition act in New York was formed in what year?", "id": "56cfbb5f234ae51400d9bf2b", "answers": [{"text": "1799", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was slavery completely outlawed in the state of New York?", "id": "56cfbb5f234ae51400d9bf2c", "answers": [{"text": "1827", "answer_start": 571}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Under New York State's gradual abolition act of 1799, children of slave mothers were born to be eventually liberated but were held in indentured servitude until their mid-to-late twenties. Together with slaves freed by their masters after the Revolutionary War and escaped slaves, a significant free-black population gradually developed in Manhattan. Under such influential United States founders as Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, the New York Manumission Society worked for abolition and established the African Free School to educate black children. It was not until 1827 that slavery was completely abolished in the state, and free blacks struggled afterward with discrimination. New York interracial abolitionist activism continued; among its leaders were graduates of the African Free School. The city's black population reached more than 16,000 in 1840."}], ["Keadaan Eropah yang kekal di New Netherland bermula pada tahun 1624 - menjadikan New York yang tertua ke-12 yang terus menduduki penyelesaian berpusat di Eropah di benua Amerika Syarikat - dengan penubuhan penyelesaian perdagangan bulu Belanda di Pulau Gabenor. Pada tahun 1625, pembinaan telah dimulakan di sebuah benteng dan Fort Amsterdam di Pulau Manhattan, kemudian dipanggil New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam). Koloni New Amsterdam berpusat di tapak yang akhirnya akan menjadi Manhattan Rendah. Direktur Jeneral Belanda Peter Minuit membeli pulau Manhattan dari Canarsie, sebuah kumpulan kecil dari Lenape, pada tahun 1626 dengan nilai 60 gulden (sekitar $ 1000 pada tahun 2006); legenda yang ditolak mengatakan bahawa Manhattan dibeli dengan manik kaca bernilai $ 24. <> Di pulau mana apakah Belanda menubuhkan penyelesaian untuk mengendalikan bulu? || Pulau Gubernur <> Di pulau apakah Fort Amsterdam dibina? || Pulau Manhattan <> Pada tahun apakah pembinaan bermula di Fort Amsterdam? || 1625 <> Apa orang membeli Manhattan dari Canarsie untuk Belanda? || Peter Minuit <> Dalam tahun apakah Belanda membeli Manhattan? || 1626 <> New Netherland menubuhkan kehadiran Eropah yang tetap pada tahun berapa? || 1624 <> Tahun berapa bangunan bermula dari Fort Amsterdam di Pulau Manhattan? || 1625 <> Apakah mitos yang dibeli oleh Manhattan oleh Jeneral Peter Minuit? || Manik kaca", {"qas": [{"question": "On what island did the Dutch set up a settlement to trade furs?", "id": "56cedbb9aab44d1400b88b0f", "answers": [{"text": "Governors Island", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what island was Fort Amsterdam built?", "id": "56cedbb9aab44d1400b88b10", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan Island", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did construction begin on Fort Amsterdam?", "id": "56cedbb9aab44d1400b88b11", "answers": [{"text": "1625", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What person bought Manhattan from the Canarsie for the Dutch?", "id": "56cedbb9aab44d1400b88b12", "answers": [{"text": "Peter Minuit", "answer_start": 530}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Dutch buy Manhattan?", "id": "56cedbb9aab44d1400b88b13", "answers": [{"text": "1626", "answer_start": 627}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New Netherland established a permanent European presence in what year?", "id": "56cfb206234ae51400d9be8f", "answers": [{"text": "1624", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did building begin of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island?", "id": "56cfb206234ae51400d9be90", "answers": [{"text": "1625", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the myth that Manhattan was bought for by General Peter Minuit ?", "id": "56cfb206234ae51400d9be91", "answers": [{"text": "glass beads", "answer_start": 752}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 \u2013 making New York the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States  \u2013 with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and a Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam). The colony of New Amsterdam was centered at the site which would eventually become Lower Manhattan. The Dutch colonial Director-General Peter Minuit purchased the island of Manhattan from the Canarsie, a small band of the Lenape, in 1626 for a value of 60 guilders (about $1000 in 2006); a disproved legend says that Manhattan was purchased for $24 worth of glass beads."}], ["Pertempuran Long Island, pertempuran terbesar Perang Revolusi Amerika, telah bertempur pada bulan Ogos 1776 sepenuhnya dalam zaman moden Brooklyn. Selepas pertempuran, di mana rakyat Amerika dikalahkan, meninggalkan perebutan bersenjata yang lebih kecil berikutan dengannya, bandar itu menjadi asas tentera British dan dasar operasi di Amerika Utara. Bandar ini menjadi tempat perlindungan bagi pelarian Loyalist, serta budak yang melarikan diri yang menyertai garis-garis British untuk kebebasan yang baru dijanjikan oleh Mahkota untuk semua pejuang. Sebanyak 10,000 budak lelaki yang melarikan diri berkumpul di bandar semasa pendudukan British. Apabila tentera British berpindah pada akhir perang pada 1783, mereka mengangkut 3,000 orang yang dibebaskan untuk penempatan semula di Nova Scotia. Mereka menempatkan semula pelarian lain di England dan Caribbean. <> Apakah pertempuran terbesar Revolusi Amerika? || Pertempuran Long Island <> Dalam apa yang berlaku di Battle of Long Island? || Brooklyn <> Dalam bulan dan tahun apakah pertempuran Battle Long Island? || Ogos 1776 <> Berapa banyak budak yang melarikan diri berada di New York semasa British mendudukinya? || 10,000 <> Pada tahun berapakah Perang Revolusi Amerika berakhir? || 1783 <> Pertempuran mana yang merupakan peperangan terbesar dalam perang Revolusi Amerika? || Pertempuran Long Island <> Yang baru di New York adalah Battle of Long Island? || Brooklyn <> Bilakah tentera Inggeris mula berundur dan mengusir NYC semasa Battle of Long Island? || 1783", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the biggest battle of the American Revolution?", "id": "56cedf11aab44d1400b88b93", "answers": [{"text": "Battle of Long Island", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what borough did the Battle of Long Island occur?", "id": "56cedf11aab44d1400b88b94", "answers": [{"text": "Brooklyn", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month and year was the Battle of Long Island fought?", "id": "56cedf11aab44d1400b88b95", "answers": [{"text": "August 1776", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many escaped slaves were in New York during the time the British occupied it?", "id": "56cedf11aab44d1400b88b96", "answers": [{"text": "10,000", "answer_start": 539}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the American Revolutionary War end?", "id": "56cedf11aab44d1400b88b97", "answers": [{"text": "1783", "answer_start": 675}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which battle was the largest battle of the American Revolutionary war?", "id": "56cfb897234ae51400d9bee3", "answers": [{"text": "The Battle of Long Island", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which borough of New York was the Battle of Long Island fought?", "id": "56cfb897234ae51400d9bee4", "answers": [{"text": "Brooklyn", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the English army start to retreat and evacuate NYC during the Battle of Long Island?", "id": "56cfb897234ae51400d9bee6", "answers": [{"text": "1783", "answer_start": 675}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War, was fought in August 1776 entirely within the modern-day borough of Brooklyn. After the battle, in which the Americans were defeated, leaving subsequent smaller armed engagements following in its wake, the city became the British military and political base of operations in North America. The city was a haven for Loyalist refugees, as well as escaped slaves who joined the British lines for freedom newly promised by the Crown for all fighters. As many as 10,000 escaped slaves crowded into the city during the British occupation. When the British forces evacuated at the close of the war in 1783, they transported 3,000 freedmen for resettlement in Nova Scotia. They resettled other freedmen in England and the Caribbean."}], ["Pada tahun 1785, perhimpunan Kongres Konfederasi telah menjadikan ibu kota New York sebagai ibu negara selepas perang. New York adalah modal terakhir A.S. di bawah Artikel Konfederasi dan modal pertama di bawah Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat. Pada tahun 1789, Presiden Amerika Syarikat yang pertama, George Washington, telah dirasmikan; Kongres Amerika Syarikat pertama dan Mahkamah Agung Amerika Syarikat masing-masing berkumpul untuk kali pertama, dan Rang Undang-undang Hak Amerika Syarikat telah dirangka, semuanya di Dewan Persekutuan di Wall Street. Menjelang 1790, New York telah melepasi Philadelphia sebagai bandar terbesar di Amerika Syarikat. <> Dalam tahun apakah New York menjadi ibukota Amerika Syarikat? || 1785 <> Siapa Presiden pertama Amerika Syarikat? || George Washington <> Dalam bangunan apakah yang Mahkamah Agung Amerika Syarikat pertama duduk? || Dewan Persekutuan <> Di mana jalan penulisan Bill of Rights berlaku? || Wall Street <> Apa bandar kedua terbesar di Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 1790? || Philadelphia <> Organisasi mana yang menjadikan New York sebagai modal kebangsaan pada tahun 1785? || Kongres Konfederasi <> New York City menjadi yang pertama di bawah Perlembagaan baru Amerika Syarikat? || modal <> Presiden pertama, George Washington, mengambil jawatan pada tahun berapa? || 1789 <> Pada tahun manakah, apakah New York City menjadi bandar terbesar di Amerika Syarikat? || 1790", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did New York become the United States capital?", "id": "56cee398aab44d1400b88bfb", "answers": [{"text": "1785", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the United States' first President?", "id": "56cee398aab44d1400b88bfc", "answers": [{"text": "George Washington", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what building did the Supreme Court of the United States first sit?", "id": "56cee398aab44d1400b88bfd", "answers": [{"text": "Federal Hall", "answer_start": 517}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what street did the writing of the Bill of Rights occur?", "id": "56cee398aab44d1400b88bfe", "answers": [{"text": "Wall Street", "answer_start": 533}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the second largest city in the United States in 1790?", "id": "56cee398aab44d1400b88bff", "answers": [{"text": "Philadelphia", "answer_start": 578}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which organization made New York the national capital in 1785?", "id": "56cfbab4234ae51400d9bf19", "answers": [{"text": "Congress of the Confederation", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New York City became the first what under the new Constitution of the United States?", "id": "56cfbab4234ae51400d9bf1b", "answers": [{"text": "capital", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first president, George Washington, took office in what year?", "id": "56cfbab4234ae51400d9bf1c", "answers": [{"text": "1789", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By which year, did New York City become the largest city in the United States?", "id": "56cfbab4234ae51400d9bf1d", "answers": [{"text": "1790", "answer_start": 549}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1785, the assembly of the Congress of the Confederation made New York the national capital shortly after the war. New York was the last capital of the U.S. under the Articles of Confederation and the first capital under the Constitution of the United States. In 1789, the first President of the United States, George Washington, was inaugurated; the first United States Congress and the Supreme Court of the United States each assembled for the first time, and the United States Bill of Rights was drafted, all at Federal Hall on Wall Street. By 1790, New York had surpassed Philadelphia as the largest city in the United States."}], ["Beberapa tokoh sastera Amerika yang terkenal di New York pada tahun 1830-an dan 1840-an, termasuk William Cullen Bryant, Washington Irving, Herman Melville, Rufus Wilmot Griswold, John Keese, Nathaniel Parker Willis, dan Edgar Allan Poe. Ahli-ahli elit perniagaan yang berpikiran umum telah melobi untuk menubuhkan Central Park, yang pada tahun 1857 menjadi taman berlanskap pertama di sebuah bandar Amerika. <> Apa nama taman landskap bandar pertama di Amerika Syarikat? || Central Park <> Pada tahun apakah Central Park ditubuhkan? || 1857 <> Taman pusat, pada tahun 1857, menjadi taman pertama di Amerika untuk menjadi apa? || landskap pertama", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the first urban landscaped park in the United States?", "id": "56cee50caab44d1400b88c17", "answers": [{"text": "Central Park", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Central Park founded?", "id": "56cee50caab44d1400b88c18", "answers": [{"text": "1857", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Central park, in 1857, became the first park in America to become what?", "id": "56cfbc81234ae51400d9bf3b", "answers": [{"text": "first landscaped", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Several prominent American literary figures lived in New York during the 1830s and 1840s, including William Cullen Bryant, Washington Irving, Herman Melville, Rufus Wilmot Griswold, John Keese, Nathaniel Parker Willis, and Edgar Allan Poe. Public-minded members of the contemporaneous business elite lobbied for the establishment of Central Park, which in 1857 became the first landscaped park in an American city."}], ["Penduduk bukan putih New York adalah 36,620 pada tahun 1890. New York City adalah destinasi utama pada awal abad ke-20 untuk warga Amerika Afrika semasa Great Migration dari Amerika Selatan, dan pada tahun 1916, New York City adalah rumah bagi diaspora Afrika bandar terbesar di Amerika Utara. The Renaissance Harlem kehidupan sastera dan budaya berkembang pada zaman Larangan. Ledakan ekonomi yang lebih besar menjana pembinaan bangunan pencakar langit bersaing tinggi dan mencipta latar langit yang boleh dikenalpasti. <> Berapa banyak orang bukan putih tinggal di New York pada tahun 1890? || 36,620 <> Apakah nama budaya-budaya Afrika-Amerika Larangan di New York di New York? || Harlem Renaissance <> Apakah populasi orang di New York yang bukan Kaukasia pada tahun 1890? || 36,620", {"qas": [{"question": "How many non-white people lived in New York in 1890?", "id": "56cee774aab44d1400b88c5b", "answers": [{"text": "36,620", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the Prohibition-era African-American cultural flourishing in New York?", "id": "56cee774aab44d1400b88c5c", "answers": [{"text": "Harlem Renaissance", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the population of people in New York that were not Caucasian in 1890?", "id": "56cfda93234ae51400d9bf7b", "answers": [{"text": "36,620", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York's non-white population was 36,620 in 1890. New York City was a prime destination in the early twentieth century for African Americans during the Great Migration from the American South, and by 1916, New York City was home to the largest urban African diaspora in North America. The Harlem Renaissance of literary and cultural life flourished during the era of Prohibition. The larger economic boom generated construction of skyscrapers competing in height and creating an identifiable skyline."}], ["Pada tahun 1898, Bandar Raya New York yang moden dibentuk dengan penggabungan Brooklyn (sehingga kemudian menjadi bandar yang berasingan), County New York (yang kemudiannya termasuk bahagian Bronx), County Richmond, dan bahagian barat County of Queens. Pembukaan kereta bawah tanah pada tahun 1904, yang pertama dibina sebagai sistem persendirian yang berasingan, membantu mengikat bandar baru bersama-sama. Sepanjang separuh pertama abad ke-20, bandar ini menjadi pusat dunia untuk industri, perdagangan, dan perhubungan. <> Pada tahun berapa kota New York yang diasaskan? || 1898 <> Pada tahun apakah kereta bawah tanah mula beroperasi? || 1904 <> Sebilangan apa yang ada di zaman moden dimasukkan ke dalam County New York? || Bronx <> Subway New York pertama kali tersedia dalam tahun berapa? || 1904", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was the modern City of New York founded?", "id": "56cee6a3aab44d1400b88c3b", "answers": [{"text": "1898", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the subway begin operation?", "id": "56cee6a3aab44d1400b88c3c", "answers": [{"text": "1904", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Portions of what modern-day borough were included in the County of New York?", "id": "56cee6a3aab44d1400b88c3d", "answers": [{"text": "the Bronx", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The subway of New York was first available in what year?", "id": "56cfcffa234ae51400d9bf5f", "answers": [{"text": "1904", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1898, the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then a separate city), the County of New York (which then included parts of the Bronx), the County of Richmond, and the western portion of the County of Queens. The opening of the subway in 1904, first built as separate private systems, helped bind the new city together. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication."}], ["Kembali veteran Perang Dunia II mencipta ledakan ekonomi pasca perang dan pembangunan saluran perumahan besar di Queens timur. New York muncul dari perang yang tidak terjejas sebagai bandar utama dunia, dengan Wall Street memimpin Amerika sebagai kuasa ekonomi dominan di dunia. Ibu Pejabat Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu telah selesai pada tahun 1952, menguatkan pengaruh geopolitik global New York, dan munculnya ekspresionisme abstrak di kota mempercepat perpindahan Paris ke Paris sebagai pusat dunia seni. <> Bilakah pembinaan selesai di Ibu Pejabat Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu? || 1952 <> Sebelum New York, kota mana yang menjadi pusat dunia seni? || Paris <> Pergerakan seni apa yang menyebabkan New York mengatasi Paris sebagai pusat seni global? || ekspresiisme abstrak <> Ibu pejabat apa organisasi yang sedang dibina pada tahun 1952 di New York? || Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu", {"qas": [{"question": "When was construction finished on the United Nations Headquarters?", "id": "56cee873aab44d1400b88c75", "answers": [{"text": "1952", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Prior to New York, what city was the center of the world of art?", "id": "56cee873aab44d1400b88c76", "answers": [{"text": "Paris", "answer_start": 483}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What artistic movement caused New York to overtake Paris as the global art center?", "id": "56cee873aab44d1400b88c77", "answers": [{"text": "abstract expressionism", "answer_start": 408}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The headquarters what organization was done being build in 1952 in New York?", "id": "56cfdc1e234ae51400d9bf85", "answers": [{"text": "United Nations", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Returning World War II veterans created a post-war economic boom and the development of large housing tracts in eastern Queens. New York emerged from the war unscathed as the leading city of the world, with Wall Street leading America's place as the world's dominant economic power. The United Nations Headquarters was completed in 1952, solidifying New York's global geopolitical influence, and the rise of abstract expressionism in the city precipitated New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world."}], ["Pada tahun 1904, kapal pengangkut Jeneral Slocum terbakar di Sungai Timur, membunuh 1,021 orang di atas kapal. Pada tahun 1911, kebakaran Kilang Triangle Shirtwaist, bencana perindustrian paling teruk di bandar, telah mengambil nyawa pekerja 146 pakaian dan mendorong pertumbuhan Kesatuan Pekerja Pakaian Wanita Antarabangsa dan penambahbaikan utama dalam piawaian keselamatan kilang. <> Dalam tahun berapakah bencana alam Slocum berlaku? || 1904 <> Berapa banyak orang yang mati dalam Slocum Umum? || 1,021 <> Dalam bangunan apakah bangunan bencana yang paling dahsyat di bandar ini berlaku? || Triangle Shirtwaist Factory <> Berapa banyak orang yang mati dalam Kilang Triangle Shirtwaist Factory? || 146 <> Pertumbuhan organisasi apa yang diminta oleh kebakaran Kilang Triangle Shirtwaist? || Kesatuan Pekerja Pakaian Wanita <> Satu malapetaka pada tahun 1911 yang membunuh 146 pekerja dipanggil apa? || Segi Empat Shirtwaist Kilang api", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the General Slocum disaster occur?", "id": "56cee70daab44d1400b88c51", "answers": [{"text": "1904", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people died on the General Slocum?", "id": "56cee70daab44d1400b88c52", "answers": [{"text": "1,021", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what building did the city's deadliest industrial disaster occur?", "id": "56cee70daab44d1400b88c53", "answers": [{"text": "Triangle Shirtwaist Factory", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people died in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire?", "id": "56cee70daab44d1400b88c54", "answers": [{"text": "146", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The growth of what organization was prompted by the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire?", "id": "56cee70daab44d1400b88c55", "answers": [{"text": "International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A catastrophe in 1911 that killed 146 workers was called what?", "id": "56cfd219234ae51400d9bf64", "answers": [{"text": "Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1904, the steamship General Slocum caught fire in the East River, killing 1,021 people on board. In 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, the city's worst industrial disaster, took the lives of 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union and major improvements in factory safety standards."}], ["Rusuhan Stonewall adalah satu siri demonstrasi yang ganas dan ganas oleh ahli komuniti gay terhadap serbuan polis yang berlaku pada waktu pagi pada 28 Jun 1969, di Stonewall Inn di kejiranan Greenwich Village di Lower Manhattan. Mereka secara meluas dianggap sebagai satu-satunya acara terpenting yang membawa kepada gerakan pembebasan gay dan perjuangan moden untuk hak LGBT di Amerika Syarikat. <> Rusuhan Stonewall dinamakan selepas bangunan apa? || Stonewall Inn <> Dalam kejiranan apa yang berlaku rusuhan Stonewall? || Greenwich Village <> Pada tarikh apa rusuhan Stonewall berlaku? || 28 Jun 1969 <> Dalam apa yang berlaku, rusuhan Stonewall berlaku? || Manhattan <> Peristiwa apa yang menimbulkan rusuhan Stonewall? || sebuah serbuan polis <> Di manakah rusuhan Stonewall berlaku? || Stonewall Inn di kejiranan Greenwich Village di Lower Manhattan", {"qas": [{"question": "The Stonewall riots are named after what building?", "id": "56cee90caab44d1400b88c85", "answers": [{"text": "the Stonewall Inn", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what neighborhood did the Stonewall riots occur?", "id": "56cee90caab44d1400b88c86", "answers": [{"text": "Greenwich Village", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did the Stonewall riots take place?", "id": "56cee90caab44d1400b88c87", "answers": [{"text": "June 28, 1969", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what borough did the Stonewall riots happen?", "id": "56cee90caab44d1400b88c88", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What event provoked the Stonewall riots?", "id": "56cee90caab44d1400b88c89", "answers": [{"text": "a police raid", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Stonewall riots happen?", "id": "56cfdc71234ae51400d9bf88", "answers": [{"text": "Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the gay community against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan. They are widely considered to constitute the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States."}], ["New York menjadi kawasan perbandaran yang paling ramai penduduk di dunia pada awal 1920-an, memotong London. Kawasan metropolitan melepasi paras 10 juta pada awal 1930-an, menjadi kehebatan pertama dalam sejarah manusia. Tahun-tahun yang sukar dalam Kemelesetan Besar menyaksikan pilihan raya pembaharuan Fiorello La Guardia sebagai datuk bandar dan kejatuhan Dewan Tammany selepas lapan puluh tahun penguasaan politik. <> Pada awal 1920-an, apakah bandar kedua yang paling banyak penduduk di dunia? || London <> Apakah istilah untuk sebuah bandar dengan penduduk lebih dari 10 juta? || megacity <> Siapa Datuk Bandar New York semasa Kemelesetan Besar? || Fiorello La Guardia <> Selama kira-kira berapa tahun Tammany Hall mengawal kehidupan politik New York? || lapan puluh <> Pada tahun 1930-an, New York City mempunyai lebih dari 10 juta orang menjadi yang pertama dalam sejarah? || megacity", {"qas": [{"question": "In the early 1920s, what was the second most highly populated city in the world?", "id": "56cee7edaab44d1400b88c67", "answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term for a city with a population of over 10 million?", "id": "56cee7edaab44d1400b88c68", "answers": [{"text": "megacity", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was mayor of New York during the Great Depression?", "id": "56cee7edaab44d1400b88c69", "answers": [{"text": "Fiorello La Guardia", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For about how many years did Tammany Hall control New York political life?", "id": "56cee7edaab44d1400b88c6a", "answers": [{"text": "eighty", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the 1930s, New York City had more than 10 million people becoming the first what in history?", "id": "56cfdb8d234ae51400d9bf83", "answers": [{"text": "megacity", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history. The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance."}], ["Pada abad ke-19, bandar itu telah diubah oleh pembangunan yang berkaitan dengan statusnya sebagai pusat perdagangan, serta oleh imigresen Eropah. Bandar ini menerima Rancangan Pesuruhjaya 1811, yang memperluas grid jalan bandar untuk merangkumi semua Manhattan. Penyiapan Kanal Erie pada tahun 1825 melalui pusat New York menghubungkan pelabuhan Atlantik ke pasaran pertanian dan komoditi pedalaman Amerika Utara melalui Sungai Hudson dan Great Lakes. Politik tempatan telah dikuasai oleh Tammany Hall, mesin politik yang disokong oleh pendatang Ireland dan Jerman. <> Apa rencana 1811 menyebarkan grid jalan di seluruh Manhattan? || Rancangan Pesuruhjaya <> Dalam tahun berapakah bangunan Erie Canal selesai? || 1825 <> Apa mesin politik yang dikawal politik New York di era ini? || Tammany Hall <> Bersama-sama dengan pendatang Jerman, pendatang dari apa kewarganegaraan yang menyokong Dewan Tammany? || Ireland <> Terusan Erie telah siap dibina pada tahun berapa? || 1825", {"qas": [{"question": "What plan of 1811 spread a grid of streets across Manhattan?", "id": "56cee4d1aab44d1400b88c0f", "answers": [{"text": "Commissioners' Plan", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Erie Canal finish building?", "id": "56cee4d1aab44d1400b88c10", "answers": [{"text": "1825", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What political machine controlled New York politics in this era?", "id": "56cee4d1aab44d1400b88c11", "answers": [{"text": "Tammany Hall", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with German immigrants, immigrants of what nationality supported Tammany Hall?", "id": "56cee4d1aab44d1400b88c12", "answers": [{"text": "Irish", "answer_start": 548}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Erie Canal was finished being built in what year?", "id": "56cfbc57234ae51400d9bf31", "answers": [{"text": "1825", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 19th century, the city was transformed by development relating to its status as a trading center, as well as by European immigration. The city adopted the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, which expanded the city street grid to encompass all of Manhattan. The 1825 completion of the Erie Canal through central New York connected the Atlantic port to the agricultural markets and commodities of the North American interior via the Hudson River and the Great Lakes. Local politics became dominated by Tammany Hall, a political machine supported by Irish and German immigrants."}], ["Kebuluran Besar Ireland membawa masuk imigran Ireland yang besar. Lebih 200,000 orang tinggal di New York menjelang 1860, lebih daripada satu perempat daripada penduduk bandar ini. Terdapat juga imigresen yang luas dari wilayah Jerman, di mana revolusi telah mengganggu masyarakat, dan Jerman terdiri lagi 25% penduduk New York pada tahun 1860. <> Apa peristiwa yang membawa banyak pendatang Ireland ke Amerika Syarikat? || Kelaparan Besar Ireland <> Pada tahun 1860, kira-kira berapa orang pengambilan Ireland di New York? || 200,000 <> Pada 1860, berapa pecahan penduduk bandar terdiri daripada pendatang Ireland? || satu perempat <> Pada tahun 1860, berapa peratus penduduk bandar terdiri daripada pendatang Jerman? || 25% <> Apa peristiwa menimbulkan imigresen orang dari Jerman? || revolusi <> Peristiwa mana yang membawa kepada banyak imigran Ireland ke NYC? || Great Irish Famine <> Berapa ramai pendatang yang tinggal di New York pada tahun 1860? || Lebih daripada 200,000", {"qas": [{"question": "What event brought many Irish immigrants to the United States?", "id": "56cee5a1aab44d1400b88c23", "answers": [{"text": "Great Irish Famine", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1860, approximately how many people of Irish extraction were in New York?", "id": "56cee5a1aab44d1400b88c24", "answers": [{"text": "200,000", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1860, what fraction of the city population was composed of Irish immigrants?", "id": "56cee5a1aab44d1400b88c25", "answers": [{"text": "a quarter", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1860, what percentage of the city population was composed of German immigrants?", "id": "56cee5a1aab44d1400b88c26", "answers": [{"text": "25%", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What events provoked the immigration of people from Germany?", "id": "56cee5a1aab44d1400b88c27", "answers": [{"text": "revolutions", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which event brought upon a lot of Irish immigrants to NYC?", "id": "56cfbef5234ae51400d9bf41", "answers": [{"text": "Great Irish Famine", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many immigrants that were Irish were living in New York in 1860?", "id": "56cfbef5234ae51400d9bf42", "answers": [{"text": "Over 200,000", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants. Over 200,000 were living in New York by 1860, upwards of a quarter of the city's population. There was also extensive immigration from the German provinces, where revolutions had disrupted societies, and Germans comprised another 25% of New York's population by 1860."}], ["Calon parti Demokrat dipilih secara konsisten ke pejabat setempat, meningkatkan hubungan kota ke Selatan dan partai dominannya. Pada 1861, Datuk Bandar Fernando Wood menyeru aldermen untuk mengisytiharkan kemerdekaan dari Albany dan Amerika Syarikat selepas South seceded, tetapi cadangannya tidak bertindak. Kemarahan pada undang-undang pengerahan tentera baru semasa Perang Saudara Amerika (1861-1865), yang melepaskan lelaki kaya yang sanggup membayar $ 300 (bersamaan dengan $ 5,766 pada 2016) yuran komutasi untuk menyewa pengganti, membawa kepada Keruntuhan Draf 1863, Peserta yang paling ketara adalah kelas pekerja etnik Ireland. Keadaan ini merosot ke serangan ke atas elit New York, diikuti oleh serangan ke atas New York hitam dan harta mereka selepas persaingan sengit selama satu dekad antara imigran dan kulit hitam warga Ireland untuk bekerja. Pengganas membakar Asylum Anak Orkid berwarna ke tanah, tetapi lebih daripada 200 kanak-kanak melarikan diri kerana usaha Jabatan Polis New York City, yang kebanyakannya terdiri daripada pendatang Ireland. Menurut ahli sejarah James M. McPherson (2001), sekurang-kurangnya 120 orang terbunuh. Secara keseluruhannya, sebelas lelaki kulit hitam telah dilanda selama lima hari, dan rusuhan itu memaksa beratus-ratus orang kulit hitam melarikan diri ke bandar raya untuk Williamsburg, Brooklyn, serta New Jersey; penduduk hitam di Manhattan jatuh di bawah 10,000 pada tahun 1865, yang terakhir pada tahun 1820. Kelas pekerja putih telah menguasai. Keganasan oleh orang-orang lama terhadap lelaki kulit hitam sangat sengit di kawasan dermaga. Ia adalah salah satu insiden terburuk dalam kekacauan awam dalam sejarah Amerika. <> Siapa yang menjadi Datuk Bandar New York pada tahun 1861? || Fernando Wood <> Apakah bayaran komutasi untuk mengelakkan diperintahkan semasa Perang Saudara Amerika? || $ 300 <> Orang-orang dari etnis apa yang paling ketara mengambil bahagian dalam Kerusuhan Draf 1863? || Ireland <> Berapa banyak orang yang mati semasa Kerusuhan Draf 1863? || 120 <> Berapa anggaran penduduk Afrika-Amerika di New York City pada tahun 1865? || 10,000 <> Keruntuhan Draf menyebabkan bangunan yang dibakar pada tahun 1863? || Asylum berwarna Orphan", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the mayor of New York City in 1861? ", "id": "56cee638aab44d1400b88c31", "answers": [{"text": "Fernando Wood", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the commutation fee to avoid being conscripted during the American Civil War?", "id": "56cee638aab44d1400b88c32", "answers": [{"text": "$300", "answer_start": 441}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "People of what ethnicity most visibly participated in the Draft Riots of 1863?", "id": "56cee638aab44d1400b88c33", "answers": [{"text": "Irish", "answer_start": 591}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many people died during the Draft Riots of 1863?", "id": "56cee638aab44d1400b88c34", "answers": [{"text": "120", "answer_start": 1073}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the approximate African-American population of New York City in 1865?", "id": "56cee638aab44d1400b88c35", "answers": [{"text": "10,000", "answer_start": 1304}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Draft Riots caused which building to burn down in 1863?", "id": "56cfcf61234ae51400d9bf5c", "answers": [{"text": "Colored Orphan Asylum", "answer_start": 836}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Democratic Party candidates were consistently elected to local office, increasing the city's ties to the South and its dominant party. In 1861, Mayor Fernando Wood called on the aldermen to declare independence from Albany and the United States after the South seceded, but his proposal was not acted on. Anger at new military conscription laws during the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), which spared wealthier men who could afford to pay a $300 (equivalent to $5,766 in 2016) commutation fee to hire a substitute, led to the Draft Riots of 1863, whose most visible participants were ethnic Irish working class. The situation deteriorated into attacks on New York's elite, followed by attacks on black New Yorkers and their property after fierce competition for a decade between Irish immigrants and blacks for work. Rioters burned the Colored Orphan Asylum to the ground, but more than 200 children escaped harm due to efforts of the New York City Police Department, which was mainly made up of Irish immigrants. According to historian James M. McPherson (2001), at least 120 people were killed. In all, eleven black men were lynched over five days, and the riots forced hundreds of blacks to flee the city for Williamsburg, Brooklyn, as well as New Jersey; the black population in Manhattan fell below 10,000 by 1865, which it had last been in 1820. The white working class had established dominance. Violence by longshoremen against black men was especially fierce in the docks area. It was one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history."}], ["Tanah bandar telah diubah dengan banyaknya oleh campur tangan manusia, dengan penambakan tanah yang banyak di tepi air sejak zaman kolonial Belanda; penambakan paling menonjol di Manhattan Rendah, dengan perkembangan seperti Battery Park City pada tahun 1970an dan 1980an. Sebahagian daripada kelegaan semula jadi dalam topografi telah diturunkan, terutama di Manhattan. <> Apa perkembangan Manhattan adalah produk penambakan tanah? || Battery Park City", {"qas": [{"question": "What Manhattan development is the product of land reclamation?", "id": "56cef671aab44d1400b88d3b", "answers": [{"text": "Battery Park City", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city's land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with considerable land reclamation along the waterfronts since Dutch colonial times; reclamation is most prominent in Lower Manhattan, with developments such as Battery Park City in the 1970s and 1980s. Some of the natural relief in topography has been evened out, especially in Manhattan."}], ["Yang menduduki protes Wall Street di Zuccotti Park di Daerah Kewangan Lower Manhattan bermula pada 17 September 2011, menerima perhatian global dan membiakkan gerakan Menduduki terhadap ketidakadilan sosial dan ekonomi di seluruh dunia. <> Pada tarikh apakah protes Occupy Wall Street bermula? || 17 September 2011 <> Di taman apa yang dilakukan protes Menduduki Wall Street berlaku? || Zuccotti Park <> Dalam apa yang berlaku, bantahan terhadap Occupy Wall Street berlaku? || Manhattan <> Di mana daerah Manhattan ada yang menduduki protes Wall Street? || Daerah Kewangan <> Yang menduduki protes Wall Street yang berlaku di Zuccotti Park pada tarikh tersebut? || 17 September 2011", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date did the Occupy Wall Street protests commence?", "id": "56cef300aab44d1400b88cff", "answers": [{"text": "September 17, 2011", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what park did the Occupy Wall Street protests occur?", "id": "56cef300aab44d1400b88d00", "answers": [{"text": "Zuccotti Park", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what borough did the Occupy Wall Street protests take place?", "id": "56cef300aab44d1400b88d01", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what district of Manhattan were the Occupy Wall Street protests?", "id": "56cef300aab44d1400b88d02", "answers": [{"text": "Financial District", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Occupy Wall Street protests that took place in Zuccotti Park was on which date?", "id": "56cfde18234ae51400d9bfaf", "answers": [{"text": "September 17, 2011", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Occupy Wall Street protests in Zuccotti Park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan began on September 17, 2011, receiving global attention and spawning the Occupy movement against social and economic inequality worldwide."}], ["Apabila seorang calon presiden untuk pilihan raya 2016 menghina liberalisme \"nilai-nilai New York\" pada Januari 2016, Donald Trump, yang mengetuai pemilihan, bersungguh-sungguh mempertahankan bandarnya. Tinjauan Nasional, sebuah majalah konservatif yang diterbitkan di kota itu sejak penubuhannya oleh William F. Buckley, Jr. pada tahun 1955, berkata, \"Dengan mendengarkan kembali ke hati New York setelah 9/11, sesaat Trump melangkaui politik. lupakan, tetapi selama beberapa minggu selepas serangan keganasan, New York adalah Amerika. \" <> Apa individu menubuhkan Kajian Negara? || William F. Buckley, Jr. <> Pada tahun apakah Kajian Negara ditubuhkan? || 1955 <> Apakah angka awam mempertahankan New York pada Januari 2016? || Donald Trump <> Seorang calon presiden daripada parti apa yang menggodakan bandar itu untuk liberalismenya? || Republikan", {"qas": [{"question": "What individual established the National Review?", "id": "56cef532aab44d1400b88d19", "answers": [{"text": "William F. Buckley, Jr.", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the National Review founded?", "id": "56cef532aab44d1400b88d1a", "answers": [{"text": "1955", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What public figure defended New York in January 2016?", "id": "56cef532aab44d1400b88d1b", "answers": [{"text": "Donald Trump", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A presidential candidate from what party derided the city for its liberalism?", "id": "56cef532aab44d1400b88d1c", "answers": [{"text": "Republican", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "When one Republican presidential candidate for the 2016 election ridiculed the liberalism of \"New York values\" in January 2016, Donald Trump, leading in the polls, vigorously defended his city. The National Review, a conservative magazine published in the city since its founding by William F. Buckley, Jr. in 1955, commented, \"By hearkening back to New York's heart after 9/11, for a moment Trump transcended politics. How easily we forget, but for weeks after the terror attacks, New York was America.\""}], ["New York mempunyai bangunan seni bina yang patut diberi perhatian dalam pelbagai gaya dan dari masa-masa yang berbeza, dari gaya kotak asap Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House di Brooklyn, bahagian tertua yang tarikh 1656, ke One World Trade Centre moden, gedung pencakar langit di Ground Zero di Lower Manhattan dan kini menara pejabat yang paling mahal di dunia. <> Struktur apa yang menjadi contoh seni bina garam? || Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House <> Di mana borough adalah Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House yang terletak? || Brooklyn <> Apa bangunan itu menara pejabat priciest di dunia? || One World Trade Centre <> Di mana borough adalah One World Trade Centre yang terletak? || Manhattan <> Pada tahun apakah pembinaan di bahagian tertua dari rumah Pieter Claesen Wyckoff bermula? || 1656 <> Menara pejabat paling mahal yang dibina di dunia hari ini adalah apa? || One World Trade Centre", {"qas": [{"question": "What structure is an example of saltbox architecture?", "id": "56cf1988aab44d1400b88d71", "answers": [{"text": "Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what borough is the Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House located?", "id": "56cf1988aab44d1400b88d72", "answers": [{"text": "Brooklyn", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What building is the priciest office tower in the world?", "id": "56cf1988aab44d1400b88d73", "answers": [{"text": "One World Trade Center", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what borough is One World Trade Center located?", "id": "56cf1988aab44d1400b88d74", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did construction on the oldest part of Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House begin?", "id": "56cf1988aab44d1400b88d75", "answers": [{"text": "1656", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The most expensive office tower built in the world today is what?", "id": "56cfe15f234ae51400d9bfe9", "answers": [{"text": "One World Trade Center", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods, from the saltbox style Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House in Brooklyn, the oldest section of which dates to 1656, to the modern One World Trade Center, the skyscraper at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan and currently the most expensive new office tower in the world."}], ["Jumlah kawasan bandar adalah 468.9 batu persegi (1,214 km2). 164.1 meter persegi (425 km2) ini adalah air dan 304.8 meter persegi (789 km2) adalah tanah. Titik tertinggi di bandar adalah Todt Hill di Staten Island, yang, pada 409.8 kaki (124.9 m) di atas paras laut, adalah titik tertinggi di Seaboard Timur di selatan Maine. Sidang kemuncak rabung kebanyakannya diliputi hutan sebagai sebahagian daripada Staten Island Greenbelt. <> Berapa luas kawasan New York City dalam batu persegi? || 468.9 <> Dalam persegi persegi, berapa jumlah kawasan bandar yang terdiri daripada air? || 164.1 <> Dalam kilometer persegi, berapa jumlah kawasan bandar yang ada di darat? || 304.8 <> Apakah namanya titik tertinggi di New York City? || Todt Hill <> Di mana pulau adalah titik tertinggi di New York City yang terletak? || Staten Island <> Berapa batu persegi di NYC? || 468.9 <> Berapa batu persegi adalah air di NYC? || 164.1 <> Berapa persegi persegi tanah di NYC? || 304.8 <> Puncak tertinggi di bandar adalah lokasi apa? || Todt Hill <> Berapa kaki di atas paras laut Todt Hil? || 409.8", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the total area of New York City in square miles?", "id": "56cef84faab44d1400b88d53", "answers": [{"text": "468.9", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In square miles, how much of the city's total area is composed of water?", "id": "56cef84faab44d1400b88d54", "answers": [{"text": "164.1", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In square miles, how much of the city's total area is land?", "id": "56cef84faab44d1400b88d55", "answers": [{"text": "304.8", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of New York City's highest point?", "id": "56cef84faab44d1400b88d56", "answers": [{"text": "Todt Hill", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what island is New York City's highest point located?", "id": "56cef84faab44d1400b88d57", "answers": [{"text": "Staten Island", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many square miles in NYC?", "id": "56cfe133234ae51400d9bfdf", "answers": [{"text": "468.9", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many square miles are water in NYC?", "id": "56cfe133234ae51400d9bfe0", "answers": [{"text": "164.1", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many square miles are land in NYC?", "id": "56cfe133234ae51400d9bfe1", "answers": [{"text": "304.8", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The highest peak in the city is what location?", "id": "56cfe133234ae51400d9bfe2", "answers": [{"text": "Todt Hill", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many feet above sea level is Todt Hil?", "id": "56cfe133234ae51400d9bfe3", "answers": [{"text": "409.8", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city's total area is 468.9 square miles (1,214 km2). 164.1 sq mi (425 km2) of this is water and 304.8 sq mi (789 km2) is land. The highest point in the city is Todt Hill on Staten Island, which, at 409.8 feet (124.9 m) above sea level, is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine. The summit of the ridge is mostly covered in woodlands as part of the Staten Island Greenbelt."}], ["Langit Manhattan, dengan banyak bangunan pencakar langit, diiktiraf secara universal, dan bandar ini menjadi rumah kepada beberapa bangunan tertinggi di dunia. Sehingga 2011, New York City mempunyai 5937 bangunan bertingkat tinggi, di mana 550 struktur siap dibina sekurang-kurangnya 330 kaki (100 m) tinggi, kedua di dunia selepas Hong Kong, dengan lebih daripada 50 pencakar langit yang lengkap lebih tinggi daripada 656 kaki (200 m). Ini termasuk Bangunan Woolworth (1913), pencakar langit kebangkitan semula gothik awal yang dibina dengan perincian gothic berskala besar. <> Berapa banyak peningkatan yang tinggi di New York City pada tahun 2011? || 5,937 <> Apa bandar raya mempunyai bangunan paling tinggi di dunia? || Hong Kong <> Berapa banyak struktur di New York City lebih tinggi daripada 100m? || 550 <> Pada tahun apakah bangunan Woolworth selesai? || 1913 <> Berapa banyak bangunan di New York City lebih tinggi daripada 200m? || 50 <> NYC mempunyai kuantiti pencakar langit tertinggi yang mana bandar dunia lain? || Hong Kong <> Berapa banyak bangunan yang terletak di NYC sekurang-kurangnya 330 kaki tinggi? || 550", {"qas": [{"question": "How many high-rises were present in New York City in 2011?", "id": "56cf1a05aab44d1400b88d7b", "answers": [{"text": "5,937", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city has the most high-rise buildings in the world?", "id": "56cf1a05aab44d1400b88d7c", "answers": [{"text": "Hong Kong", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many structures in New York City are over 100m tall?", "id": "56cf1a05aab44d1400b88d7d", "answers": [{"text": "550", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the Woolworth Building completed?", "id": "56cf1a05aab44d1400b88d7e", "answers": [{"text": "1913", "answer_start": 425}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many buildings in New York City are over 200m high?", "id": "56cf1a05aab44d1400b88d7f", "answers": [{"text": "50", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "NYC has the highest quantity of skyscrapers after which other world city?", "id": "56cfe1ae234ae51400d9bff3", "answers": [{"text": "Hong Kong", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many buildings located in NYC are at least 330 feet in height?", "id": "56cfe1ae234ae51400d9bff4", "answers": [{"text": "550", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Manhattan's skyline, with its many skyscrapers, is universally recognized, and the city has been home to several of the tallest buildings in the world. As of 2011, New York City had 5,937 high-rise buildings, of which 550 completed structures were at least 330 feet (100 m) high, both second in the world after Hong Kong, with over 50 completed skyscrapers taller than 656 feet (200 m). These include the Woolworth Building (1913), an early gothic revival skyscraper built with massively scaled gothic detailing."}], ["New York City terletak di Northeastern Amerika Syarikat, di tenggara New York State, kira-kira pertengahan antara Washington, D.C. dan Boston. Lokasi di mulut Sungai Hudson, yang memberi makan ke pelabuhan semula jadi dan kemudian ke Lautan Atlantik, telah membantu bandar berkembang menjadi penting sebagai pelabuhan perdagangan. Kebanyakan New York City dibina di tiga pulau Long Island, Manhattan, dan Pulau Staten. <> Dalam apa wilayah geografi Amerika Syarikat terletak di New York City? || Northeastern <> Di mana rantau geografi negeri New York terletak di New York City? || tenggara <> New York City adalah sekitar setengah jarak antara Washington DC dan kota apa? || Boston <> New York City bersebelahan dengan apa lautan? || Atlantik <> Apa sungai yang terletak di New York City? || Sungai Hudson <> New York City berada di pangkalan di mana sungai Amerika? || Hudson <> Sungai Hudson mengalir di mana badan air? || Lautan Atlantik <> Tiga pulau yang membentuk bandar New York dinamakan apa? || Long Island, Manhattan, dan Pulau Staten.", {"qas": [{"question": "In what geographical region of the United States is New York City located?", "id": "56cef595aab44d1400b88d21", "answers": [{"text": "Northeastern", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what geographical region of New York state is New York City located?", "id": "56cef595aab44d1400b88d22", "answers": [{"text": "southeastern", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New York City is about half the distance between Washington DC and what city?", "id": "56cef595aab44d1400b88d23", "answers": [{"text": "Boston", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New York City is adjacent to what ocean?", "id": "56cef595aab44d1400b88d24", "answers": [{"text": "Atlantic", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What river is New York City located on?", "id": "56cef595aab44d1400b88d25", "answers": [{"text": "Hudson River", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New York City is at the base of which American river?", "id": "56cfde76234ae51400d9bfb1", "answers": [{"text": "Hudson", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Hudson River flows into which body of water?", "id": "56cfde76234ae51400d9bfb2", "answers": [{"text": "Atlantic Ocean", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The three islands that make up New York city are named what?", "id": "56cfde76234ae51400d9bfb3", "answers": [{"text": "Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island.", "answer_start": 394}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City is situated in the Northeastern United States, in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston. The location at the mouth of the Hudson River, which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean, has helped the city grow in significance as a trading port. Most of New York City is built on the three islands of Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island."}], ["Sungai Hudson mengalir melalui Lembah Hudson ke New York Bay. Antara New York City dan Troy, New York, sungai adalah muara. Sungai Hudson memisahkan bandar dari negeri New Jersey. Sungai Timur-aliran pasang surut dari Long Island Sound dan memisahkan Bronx dan Manhattan dari Long Island. Sungai Harlem, selat pasang surut antara Sungai Timur dan Hudson, memisahkan sebahagian besar Manhattan dari Bronx. Sungai Bronx, yang mengalir melalui Bronx dan Westchester County, merupakan satu-satunya sungai air yang sepenuhnya segar di bandar. <> Sungai Hudson berfungsi sebagai garis perpecahan antara New York dan negeri apa? || New Jersey <> Apa aliran sungai antara Hudson dan Sungai Timur? || Sungai Harlem <> Apakah sungai air tawar tunggal di bandar ini? || Sungai Bronx <> Ke dalam badan air yang mana Sungai Hudson ditamatkan? || New York Bay <> Antara New York City dan kota mana yang merupakan muara Sungai Hudson? || Troy, New York <> Sungai Hudson memisahkan NYC dari mana negeri AS? || New Jersey <> Sungai tunggal hanya air tawar di NYC adalah sungai apa? || Sungai Bronx <> Sungai mana yang memisahkan The Bronx dari Manhatten? || Sungai Harlem", {"qas": [{"question": "The Hudson River serves as a dividing line between New York and what state?", "id": "56cef613aab44d1400b88d2b", "answers": [{"text": "New Jersey", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What river flows between the Hudson and East Rivers?", "id": "56cef613aab44d1400b88d2c", "answers": [{"text": "Harlem River", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the city's sole fresh water river?", "id": "56cef613aab44d1400b88d2d", "answers": [{"text": "Bronx River", "answer_start": 444}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Into what body of water does the Hudson River terminate?", "id": "56cef613aab44d1400b88d2e", "answers": [{"text": "New York Bay", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Between New York City and what city is the Hudson River an estuary?", "id": "56cef613aab44d1400b88d2f", "answers": [{"text": "Troy, New York", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Hudson River separates NYC from which US state?", "id": "56cfdef3234ae51400d9bfc1", "answers": [{"text": "New Jersey", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The single only freshwater river in NYC is what river?", "id": "56cfdef3234ae51400d9bfc2", "answers": [{"text": "The Bronx River", "answer_start": 440}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which river seperates The Bronx from Manhatten?", "id": "56cfdef3234ae51400d9bfc3", "answers": [{"text": "The Harlem River", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay. Between New York City and Troy, New York, the river is an estuary. The Hudson River separates the city from the U.S. state of New Jersey. The East River\u2014a tidal strait\u2014flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx. The Bronx River, which flows through the Bronx and Westchester County, is the only entirely fresh water river in the city."}], ["Pada tahun 1970-an, kehilangan pekerjaan disebabkan oleh penstrukturan semula industri menyebabkan Kota New York mengalami masalah ekonomi dan peningkatan kadar jenayah. Walaupun kebangkitan semula dalam industri kewangan telah bertambah baik dengan kesihatan ekonomi bandaraya pada tahun 1980-an, kadar jenayah New York terus meningkat menerusi dekad itu dan ke permulaan tahun 1990-an. Menjelang pertengahan tahun 1990-an, kadar jenayah mula turun secara dramatik disebabkan oleh strategi polis yang telah disemak, meningkatkan peluang ekonomi, gentrifikasi, dan penduduk baru, kedua-dua transplantasi Amerika dan pendatang baru dari Asia dan Amerika Latin. Sektor baru penting, seperti Silicon Alley, muncul dalam ekonomi bandaraya. Penduduk New York mencapai puncak sepanjang masa dalam Banci 2000 dan sekali lagi dalam Banci 2010. <> Dalam tahun apakah penduduk New York pertama kali mencapai tahap yang paling tinggi dalam tempoh ini? || 2000 <> Dalam berapa tahun penduduk New York mencapai tahap yang paling tinggi buat kali kedua dalam tempoh ini? || 2010 <> Apakah nama sektor baru ekonomi New York yang muncul pada tahun 1990-an? || Silicon Alley <> Dalam apa dekad apakah kadar jenayah jatuh dengan ketara? || 1990-an <> Dalam apa dekad ada penurunan yang ketara dalam pekerjaan perindustrian? || 1970-an <> Yang mana satu dekad kehilangan pekerjaan besar-besaran berlaku di NYC disebabkan isu-isu perindustrian? || 1970-an", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the population of New York first reach an all-time high in this period?", "id": "56ceeaf2aab44d1400b88c9f", "answers": [{"text": "2000", "answer_start": 704}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the population of New York reach an all-time high for the second time in this period?", "id": "56ceeaf2aab44d1400b88ca0", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 738}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of a new sector of the New York economy that appeared in the 1990s?", "id": "56ceeaf2aab44d1400b88ca1", "answers": [{"text": "Silicon Alley", "answer_start": 606}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what decade did the crime rate drop significantly?", "id": "56ceeaf2aab44d1400b88ca2", "answers": [{"text": "1990s", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what decade was there a significant decline in industrial jobs?", "id": "56ceeaf2aab44d1400b88ca3", "answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which decade did massive job losses happen in NYC due to industrial issues?", "id": "56cfdceb234ae51400d9bf95", "answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 1970s, job losses due to industrial restructuring caused New York City to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates. While a resurgence in the financial industry greatly improved the city's economic health in the 1980s, New York's crime rate continued to increase through that decade and into the beginning of the 1990s. By the mid 1990s, crime rates started to drop dramatically due to revised police strategies, improving economic opportunities, gentrification, and new residents, both American transplants and new immigrants from Asia and Latin America. Important new sectors, such as Silicon Alley, emerged in the city's economy. New York's population reached all-time highs in the 2000 Census and then again in the 2010 Census."}], ["Bandaraya dan kawasan sekitarnya menderita sebahagian besar daripada kerosakan ekonomi dan kehilangan nyawa manusia terbesar selepas serangan 11 September 2001 apabila 10 daripada 19 pengganas yang dikaitkan dengan Al-Qaeda telah mengetuai American Airlines Flight 11 ke Menara Utara World Trade Center dan United Airlines Flight 175 ke Menara Selatan Pusat Dagangan Dunia, dan kemudian memusnahkan mereka, membunuh 2,192 orang awam, 343 anggota bomba, dan 71 pegawai penguatkuasa undang-undang yang berada di menara dan di kawasan sekitarnya. Pembentukan semula kawasan itu, telah mewujudkan One World Trade Centre baru, dan sebuah muzium dan muzium 9/11 bersama-sama dengan bangunan dan infrastruktur baru yang lain. Stesen Pusat PATH World Trade, yang dibuka pada 19 Julai 1909 sebagai Terminal Hudson, juga dimusnahkan dalam serangan itu. Sebuah stesen sementara dibina dan dibuka pada 23 November 2003. Sebuah stesen tetap, Hub Pengangkutan Pusat Dagangan Dunia, sedang dalam pembinaan. Pusat One World Trade yang baru adalah gedung pencakar langit tertinggi di Hemisfera Barat dan bangunan keempat tertinggi di dunia dengan ketinggian puncak, dengan puncaknya mencapai simbol 1,776 kaki (541.3 m) merujuk kepada tahun kemerdekaan Amerika. <> Apakah nama pesawat yang terhempas ke North Tower Pusat Dagangan Dunia pada 11 September 2001? || American Airlines Flight 11 <> Apakah nama pesawat yang terhempas di South Tower Pusat Dagangan Dunia pada 11 September 2001? || United Airlines Flight 175 <> Berapa ramai anggota bomba mati dalam serangan World Trade Center? || 343 <> Pada tarikh apakah PATH World Trade Center mula beroperasi? || 19 Julai 1909 <> Berapa tinggi ialah One World Trade Centre dalam meter? || 541.3 <> Terminal Hudson yang juga dibongkar dibina pada tahun berapa? || 1909 <> Berapa banyak pengganas pemimpin Al Quada terlibat dengan serangan 9/11 secara langsung pada hari itu? || 10 <> Apakah pesawat bernama yang terhempas ke Pusat Dagangan Dunia? || American Airlines Flight 11", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the aircraft that crashed into the World Trade Center's North Tower on September 11, 2001?", "id": "56ceeb94aab44d1400b88cb1", "answers": [{"text": "American Airlines Flight 11", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the aircraft that crashed into the World Trade Center's South Tower on September 11, 2001?", "id": "56ceeb94aab44d1400b88cb2", "answers": [{"text": "United Airlines Flight 175", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many firefighters died in the World Trade Center attack?", "id": "56ceeb94aab44d1400b88cb3", "answers": [{"text": "343", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did the World Trade Center PATH begin operation?", "id": "56ceeb94aab44d1400b88cb4", "answers": [{"text": "July 19, 1909", "answer_start": 727}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How tall is One World Trade Center in meters?", "id": "56ceeb94aab44d1400b88cb5", "answers": [{"text": "541.3", "answer_start": 1154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Hudson Terminal which was also demolished was build in what year?", "id": "56cfdde6234ae51400d9bfa6", "answers": [{"text": "1909", "answer_start": 736}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many leader terrorists of Al Quada were involved with the 9/11 attacks directly that day?", "id": "56cfdde6234ae51400d9bfa8", "answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the plane named that crashed into the World Trade Center?", "id": "56cfdde6234ae51400d9bfa9", "answers": [{"text": "American Airlines Flight 11", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city and surrounding area suffered the bulk of the economic damage and largest loss of human life in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks when 10 of the 19 terrorists associated with Al-Qaeda piloted American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center and United Airlines Flight 175 into the South Tower of the World Trade Center, and later destroyed them, killing 2,192 civilians, 343 firefighters, and 71 law enforcement officers who were in the towers and in the surrounding area. The rebuilding of the area, has created a new One World Trade Center, and a 9/11 memorial and museum along with other new buildings and infrastructure. The World Trade Center PATH station, which opened on July 19, 1909 as the Hudson Terminal, was also destroyed in the attack. A temporary station was built and opened on November 23, 2003. A permanent station, the World Trade Center Transportation Hub, is currently under construction. The new One World Trade Center is the tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere and the fourth-tallest building in the world by pinnacle height, with its spire reaching a symbolic 1,776 feet (541.3 m) in reference to the year of American independence."}], ["Menurut Kajian Geologi Amerika Syarikat, analisis terkini mengenai bahaya seismik pada bulan Julai 2014 menunjukkan \"bahaya yang sedikit lebih rendah untuk bangunan tinggi\" di New York City berbanding sebelumnya. Para saintis menganggarkan risiko ini berkurang berdasarkan kemungkinan yang lebih rendah berbanding dengan yang difikirkan sebelumnya yang menggegarkan lambat di dekat bandaraya, yang kemungkinan besar akan menyebabkan kerosakan pada struktur yang lebih tinggi dari gempa bumi di sekitar bandar. <> Bilakah Kajian Geologi Amerika Syarikat mengeluarkan analisis bahaya seismik? || Julai 2014", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the United States Geological Survey released its seismic hazard analysis?", "id": "56cf1c53aab44d1400b88d9f", "answers": [{"text": "July 2014", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to the United States Geological Survey, an updated analysis of seismic hazard in July 2014 revealed a \"slightly lower hazard for tall buildings\" in New York City than previously assessed. Scientists estimated this lessened risk based upon a lower likelihood than previously thought of slow shaking near the city, which would be more likely to cause damage to taller structures from an earthquake in the vicinity of the city."}], ["Kota New York mempunyai sistem taman yang kompleks, dengan pelbagai tanah yang dikendalikan oleh Perkhidmatan Taman Negara, Pejabat Taman Negara, Taman Rekreasi dan Pemeliharaan Negeri New York, dan Jabatan Taman dan Rekreasi New York City. <> Apakah nama jabatan New York City yang mengendalikan sistem taman? || Jabatan Taman dan Rekreasi New York <> Apakah pejabat negeri yang mengendalikan taman-taman New York City? || Pejabat Taman Negeri, Rekreasi dan Bersejarah Negeri New York <> Apa perkhidmatan persekutuan mengendalikan taman-taman New York City? || Perkhidmatan Taman Negara", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the New York City department that operates the park system?", "id": "56cf2c09aab44d1400b88dbf", "answers": [{"text": "New York City Department of Parks and Recreation", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the state office that operates New York City parks?", "id": "56cf2c09aab44d1400b88dc0", "answers": [{"text": "New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What federal service operates New York City parks?", "id": "56cf2c09aab44d1400b88dc1", "answers": [{"text": "National Park Service", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The City of New York has a complex park system, with various lands operated by the National Park Service, the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, and the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation."}], ["Terdapat beratus-ratus kejiranan yang tersendiri di seluruh lima bandar di New York City, ramai yang mempunyai sejarah dan watak yang boleh dipanggil untuk memanggil mereka sendiri. Sekiranya bandar-bandar adalah setiap bandar bebas, empat daripada borough (Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, dan Bronx) akan menjadi antara sepuluh bandaraya paling ramai di Amerika Syarikat. <> Berapa banyak bandar di New York akan dikira di antara sepuluh bandar terpadat di Amerika Syarikat jika mereka bebas? || empat <> Berapa banyak borough yang ada di New York City? || lima <> Yang empat borough NYC akan menjadi antara bandar paling ramai penduduk di AS jika mereka adalah bandar bebas? || Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, dan Bronx", {"qas": [{"question": "How many of New York's boroughs would be counted among the United States' ten most populated cities if they were independent?", "id": "56cf1caaaab44d1400b88da1", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many boroughs does New York City have?", "id": "56cf1caaaab44d1400b88da2", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which four boroughs of NYC would be among the the most populous cities in the US if they were independent cities?", "id": "56cfe3ae234ae51400d9c00d", "answers": [{"text": "Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are hundreds of distinct neighborhoods throughout the five boroughs of New York City, many with a definable history and character to call their own. If the boroughs were each independent cities, four of the boroughs (Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx) would be among the ten most populous cities in the United States."}], ["Dalam ranking ParkScore 2013, The Trust for Public Land melaporkan bahawa sistem taman di New York City merupakan sistem taman kedua yang kedua di antara 50 bandaraya paling ramai di A.S., di belakang sistem taman Minneapolis. ParkScore menempatkan sistem taman bandar dengan formula yang menganalisis saiz taman median, taman ekar sebagai peratus kawasan bandar, peratus penduduk bandar dalam setengah batu taman, perbelanjaan perkhidmatan taman per penduduk, dan jumlah taman permainan setiap 10,000 penduduk. <> Kota mana yang dinilai sebagai sistem taman terbaik oleh The Trust for Public Land? || Minneapolis <> Apa bandar yang mempunyai Kedudukan ParkScore tertinggi kedua? || New York City <> Kedudukan ParkScore 2013 untuk NYC menjadikan NYC kedua dalam sistem taman terbaik untuk apa bandar AS yang lain? || Minneapolis", {"qas": [{"question": "What city was rated as having the best park system by The Trust for Public Land?", "id": "56cf2c48aab44d1400b88dc5", "answers": [{"text": "Minneapolis", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city had the second highest ParkScore rating?", "id": "56cf2c48aab44d1400b88dc6", "answers": [{"text": "New York City", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The 2013 ParkScore rating for NYC made NYC second in best park system to what other US city?", "id": "56cfe594234ae51400d9c02d", "answers": [{"text": "Minneapolis", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In its 2013 ParkScore ranking, The Trust for Public Land reported that the park system in New York City was the second best park system among the 50 most populous U.S. cities, behind the park system of Minneapolis. ParkScore ranks urban park systems by a formula that analyzes median park size, park acres as percent of city area, the percent of city residents within a half-mile of a park, spending of park services per resident, and the number of playgrounds per 10,000 residents."}], ["Batu dan bata menjadi bahan pilihan bangunan bandar setelah pembinaan rumah kayu dibatasi setelah Kebakaran Besar tahun 1835. Ciri khas dari banyak bangunan di kota adalah menara air yang dipasang di atas bumbung kayu. Pada tahun 1800-an, bandar itu memerlukan pemasangan mereka di atas bangunan yang lebih tinggi daripada enam cerita untuk menghalang keperluan untuk tekanan air yang terlalu tinggi di ketinggian yang lebih rendah, yang boleh memecahkan paip air perbandaran. Pangsapuri taman menjadi popular pada tahun 1920-an di kawasan terpencil, seperti Jackson Heights. <> Apakah peristiwa yang menyebabkan penurunan dalam pembinaan kayu di New York City? || The Great Fire of 1835 <> Pada abad ke-19, kota New York memerlukan menara air di bumbung bangunan yang lebih dari berapa banyak cerita yang tinggi? || enam <> Kawasan apa yang dikenali untuk pangsapuri tamannya? || Jackson Heights <> Selepas Kebakaran Besar pada tahun 1835, apa yang menjadi bahan binaan yang paling luas? || Batu dan bata <> Untuk mencegah tekanan air yang tinggi di ketinggian yang lebih rendah yang dibina di banyak bangunan di bandar ini? || menara air yang dipasang di bumbung kayu", {"qas": [{"question": "What event led to the decline in wooden construction in New York City?", "id": "56cf1c12aab44d1400b88d99", "answers": [{"text": "the Great Fire of 1835", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the 19th century, New York city required water towers in the roofs of buildings that were more than how many stories tall?", "id": "56cf1c12aab44d1400b88d9a", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 334}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What area was known for its garden apartments?", "id": "56cf1c12aab44d1400b88d9b", "answers": [{"text": "Jackson Heights", "answer_start": 542}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After the Great Fire of 1835, what became the most widespread building materials?", "id": "56cfe340234ae51400d9c009", "answers": [{"text": "Stone and brick", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To prevent high water pressures at lower elevations what were built on many of the city's buildings?", "id": "56cfe340234ae51400d9c00a", "answers": [{"text": "wooden roof-mounted water towers", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Stone and brick became the city's building materials of choice after the construction of wood-frame houses was limited in the aftermath of the Great Fire of 1835. A distinctive feature of many of the city's buildings is the wooden roof-mounted water towers. In the 1800s, the city required their installation on buildings higher than six stories to prevent the need for excessively high water pressures at lower elevations, which could break municipal water pipes. Garden apartments became popular during the 1920s in outlying areas, such as Jackson Heights."}], ["Ciri-ciri kawasan kediaman besar di New York sering ditakrifkan oleh barisan batu permata dan rumah bandar berwarna coklat yang elegan dan bangunan tenusu yang dibina semasa tempoh perkembangan pesat dari tahun 1870 hingga 1930. Sebaliknya, New York City juga mempunyai kawasan yang kurang padat penduduknya dan ciri tempat tinggal percuma. Di kawasan kejiranan seperti Riverdale (di Bronx), Ditmas Park (di Brooklyn), dan Douglaston (di Queens), rumah keluarga tunggal yang besar adalah biasa dalam pelbagai gaya seni bina seperti Tudor Revival dan Victorian. <> Dalam kejiranan Riverdale yang terletak? || the Bronx <> Dalam kawasan yang mana terletak di kawasan Taman Ditmas? || Brooklyn <> Dalam kejiranan Douglaston apa terletak? || Queens <> Pembinaan batu permata Brownstone paling sering dikaitkan dengan tempoh yang bermula pada tahun 1870 dan berakhir pada tahun berapa? || 1930 <> Bersama dengan Tudor Revival, apakah gaya seni bina yang sama di rumah keluarga tunggal di New York? || Victoria <> Apakah jenis struktur perumahan yang membentuk kebanyakan kawasan kediaman besar NYC? || rowhouses brownstone", {"qas": [{"question": "In what borough is the Riverdale neighborhood located?", "id": "56cf1ba9aab44d1400b88d8f", "answers": [{"text": "the Bronx", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what borough is the Ditmas Park neighborhood located?", "id": "56cf1ba9aab44d1400b88d90", "answers": [{"text": "Brooklyn", "answer_start": 401}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what borough is the Douglaston neighborhood located?", "id": "56cf1ba9aab44d1400b88d91", "answers": [{"text": "Queens", "answer_start": 431}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Brownstone rowhouse construction is most often associated with the period beginning in 1870 and ending in what year?", "id": "56cf1ba9aab44d1400b88d92", "answers": [{"text": "1930", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Tudor Revival, what is a common architectural style of single-family houses in New York?", "id": "56cf1ba9aab44d1400b88d93", "answers": [{"text": "Victorian", "answer_start": 535}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of housing structure makes up most of the large residential districts of NYC?", "id": "56cfe293234ae51400d9c007", "answers": [{"text": "brownstone rowhouses", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The character of New York's large residential districts is often defined by the elegant brownstone rowhouses and townhouses and shabby tenements that were built during a period of rapid expansion from 1870 to 1930. In contrast, New York City also has neighborhoods that are less densely populated and feature free-standing dwellings. In neighborhoods such as Riverdale (in the Bronx), Ditmas Park (in Brooklyn), and Douglaston (in Queens), large single-family homes are common in various architectural styles such as Tudor Revival and Victorian."}], ["Bandar ini menerima 49.9 inci (1,270 mm) hujan setiap tahun, yang tersebar luas sepanjang tahun. Salji musim sejuk purata antara 1981 dan 2010 telah 25.8 inci (66 cm), tetapi ini berbeza dari tahun ke tahun. Badai dan ribut tropika jarang terdapat di kawasan New York, tetapi tidak pernah terdengar dan sentiasa mempunyai potensi untuk menyerang kawasan tersebut. Hurricane Sandy membawa lonjakan ribut merosakkan ke New York City pada malam 29 Oktober 2012, membanjiri pelbagai jalan, terowong, dan kereta bawah tanah di Lower Manhattan dan kawasan lain di bandar dan memotong bekalan elektrik di banyak bahagian bandar raya dan pinggir bandar. Ribut dan kesan yang mendalam telah mendorong perbincangan membina air laut dan halangan pantai lain di sekitar garis pantai bandar raya dan kawasan metropolitan untuk meminimumkan risiko akibat yang merosakkan dari satu lagi peristiwa sedemikian pada masa akan datang. <> Dalam milimeter, berapa hujan yang berlaku di New York setahun? || 1,270 <> Dalam sentimeter, apakah salji musim sejuk purata? || 66 <> Bilakah Taufan Sandy menyerang New York? || 29 Oktober 2012 <> Berapa inci pemendakan yang diperoleh NYC dalam setahun? || 49.9 <> Mana-mana bencana alam yang berlaku pada 29 Oktober 2012 di NYC? || Badai Sandy <> Salji purata antara tahun 1981 dan 2010 di NYC telah berapa inci? || 25.8", {"qas": [{"question": "In millimeters, how much precipitation does New York receive a year?", "id": "56cf2ba4aab44d1400b88db9", "answers": [{"text": "1,270", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In centimeters, what is the average winter snowfall?", "id": "56cf2ba4aab44d1400b88dba", "answers": [{"text": "66", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Hurricane Sandy strike New York?", "id": "56cf2ba4aab44d1400b88dbb", "answers": [{"text": "October 29, 2012", "answer_start": 456}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many inches of precipitation does NYC get in a year?", "id": "56cfe53a234ae51400d9c023", "answers": [{"text": "49.9", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which natural disaster occurred on October 29, 2012 in NYC?", "id": "56cfe53a234ae51400d9c024", "answers": [{"text": "Hurricane Sandy", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The mean snowfall between 1981 and 2010 in NYC has been how many inches?", "id": "56cfe53a234ae51400d9c025", "answers": [{"text": "25.8", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city receives 49.9 inches (1,270 mm) of precipitation annually, which is fairly spread throughout the year. Average winter snowfall between 1981 and 2010 has been 25.8 inches (66 cm), but this varies considerably from year to year. Hurricanes and tropical storms are rare in the New York area, but are not unheard of and always have the potential to strike the area. Hurricane Sandy brought a destructive storm surge to New York City on the evening of October 29, 2012, flooding numerous streets, tunnels, and subway lines in Lower Manhattan and other areas of the city and cutting off electricity in many parts of the city and its suburbs. The storm and its profound impacts have prompted the discussion of constructing seawalls and other coastal barriers around the shorelines of the city and the metropolitan area to minimize the risk of destructive consequences from another such event in the future."}], ["Di bawah klasifikasi iklim K\u00f6ppen, menggunakan suhu isotherm 0 \u00b0 C (32 \u00b0 F) bulan paling panas (Januari), Bandaraya New York sendiri mengalami iklim subtropika lembap (Cfa) dan oleh itu bandar utama yang paling utara di benua Amerika Utara dengan pengkategorian ini . Subbandar ke utara dan barat yang terletak di zon peralihan dari subtropika lembap (Cfa) ke iklim kontinental yang lembap (Dfa). Kawasan ini rata-rata 234 hari dengan sekurang-kurangnya beberapa sinar matahari setiap tahun, dan rata-rata 57% kemungkinan sinar matahari setiap tahun, mengumpulkan 2,535 jam sinar matahari setiap tahun. Bandar ini berada di bawah zon Hardiness Plant USDA 7b. <> Apakah iklim di New York City menggunakan klasifikasi iklim K\u00f6ppen? || lembap subtropika <> Berapa banyak hari cerah yang rata-rata New York setiap tahun? || 234 <> Berapa jam cahaya matahari yang diterima New York setiap tahun? || 2,535 <> Subbandar bandar terletak di antara subtropika lembap dan apa zon iklim lain? || lembap benua <> Berapa bulan di New York City yang paling sejuk? || Januari <> Apa jenis iklim yang NYC mempunyai? || lembap subtropika <> Berapa banyak hari purata NYC mendapatkan sinar matahari setiap tahun? || 234 <> Apa zon menanam tanah di bandar? || USDA 7b", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of New York City's climate using the K\u00f6ppen climate classification?", "id": "56cf1d3baab44d1400b88da5", "answers": [{"text": "humid subtropical", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many sunny days does New York average each year?", "id": "56cf1d3baab44d1400b88da6", "answers": [{"text": "234", "answer_start": 421}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many hours of sunshine does New York receive every year?", "id": "56cf1d3baab44d1400b88da7", "answers": [{"text": "2,535", "answer_start": 529}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The suburbs of the city lie between the humid subtropical and what other climate zone?", "id": "56cf1d3baab44d1400b88da8", "answers": [{"text": "humid continental", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What month in New York City is the coldest?", "id": "56cf1d3baab44d1400b88da9", "answers": [{"text": "January", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of climate does NYC possess?", "id": "56cfe43c234ae51400d9c00f", "answers": [{"text": "humid subtropical", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many days on average does NYC get sunshine annually?", "id": "56cfe43c234ae51400d9c010", "answers": [{"text": "234", "answer_start": 421}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What planting zone does the city land in?", "id": "56cfe43c234ae51400d9c011", "answers": [{"text": "USDA 7b", "answer_start": 585}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Under the K\u00f6ppen climate classification, using the 0 \u00b0C (32 \u00b0F) coldest month (January) isotherm, New York City itself experiences a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) and is thus the northernmost major city on the North American continent with this categorization. The suburbs to the immediate north and west lie in the transition zone from a humid subtropical (Cfa) to a humid continental climate (Dfa). The area averages 234 days with at least some sunshine annually, and averages 57% of possible sunshine annually, accumulating 2,535 hours of sunshine per annum. The city falls under USDA 7b Plant Hardiness zone."}], ["Resolusi Zonasi 1916 memerlukan kemunduran di bangunan baru, dan menara terhad kepada peratusan saiz lot, untuk membolehkan cahaya matahari mencapai jalan-jalan di bawah. Gaya Art Deco Bangunan Chrysler (1930) dan Empire State Building (1931), dengan puncak tirus dan spiral keluli, mencerminkan keperluan zon. Bangunan-bangunan itu mempunyai hiasan khas, seperti helang di sudut lantai 61 di Bangunan Chrysler, dan dianggap sebagai contoh terbaik gaya Art Deco. Contoh yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap gaya antarabangsa di Amerika Syarikat ialah Bangunan Seagram (1957), yang tersendiri bagi fauna dengan menggunakan balok-balok yang kelihatan nampak tembaga untuk membina struktur bangunan. Bangunan Cond\u00e9 Nast (2000) merupakan contoh reka bentuk hijau di gedung pencakar langit Amerika dan telah menerima anugerah dari Institut Arkitek Amerika serta AIA New York State untuk reka bentuknya. <> Pada tahun apakah bangunan Empire State selesai? || 1931 <> Bangunan Chrysler mencerminkan gaya seni bina? || Art Deco <> Apa lantai Bangunan Chrysler mempunyai ukiran elang di sudutnya? || 61st <> Apa bangunan yang diketahui oleh balok-balang yang berlapis gangsa itu telah siap pada tahun 1957? || Bangunan Seagram <> Apakah nama penuh organisasi yang dikenali dengan akronim AIA? || Institut Arkitek Amerika <> Haiwan manakah yang menghiasi sudut-sudut bangunan Chrysler? || eagles <> Bilakah Bangunan Empire State dibina? || 1931 <> Bilakah bangunan Chrysler dibina di NYC? || 1930", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was the Empire State Building completed?", "id": "56cf1aa6aab44d1400b88d85", "answers": [{"text": "1931", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Chrysler Building reflects what architectural style?", "id": "56cf1aa6aab44d1400b88d86", "answers": [{"text": "Art Deco", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What floor of the Chrysler Building has sculptures of eagles at its corners?", "id": "56cf1aa6aab44d1400b88d87", "answers": [{"text": "61st", "answer_start": 413}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What building known for its bronze-tinted I-beams was completed in 1957?", "id": "56cf1aa6aab44d1400b88d88", "answers": [{"text": "Seagram Building", "answer_start": 604}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the full name of the organization known by the acronym AIA?", "id": "56cf1aa6aab44d1400b88d89", "answers": [{"text": "American Institute of Architects", "answer_start": 855}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which animal decorates the corners of the Chrysler Building?", "id": "56cfe201234ae51400d9bffd", "answers": [{"text": "eagles", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Empire State Building constructed?", "id": "56cfe201234ae51400d9bffe", "answers": [{"text": "1931", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Chrysler building built in NYC?", "id": "56cfe201234ae51400d9bfff", "answers": [{"text": "1930", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The 1916 Zoning Resolution required setbacks in new buildings, and restricted towers to a percentage of the lot size, to allow sunlight to reach the streets below. The Art Deco style of the Chrysler Building (1930) and Empire State Building (1931), with their tapered tops and steel spires, reflected the zoning requirements. The buildings have distinctive ornamentation, such as the eagles at the corners of the 61st floor on the Chrysler Building, and are considered some of the finest examples of the Art Deco style. A highly influential example of the international style in the United States is the Seagram Building (1957), distinctive for its fa\u00e7ade using visible bronze-toned I-beams to evoke the building's structure. The Cond\u00e9 Nast Building (2000) is a prominent example of green design in American skyscrapers and has received an award from the American Institute of Architects as well as AIA New York State for its design."}], ["Musim sejuk adalah sejuk dan lembap, dan pola angin semasa yang meniup di luar pantai meminimumkan kesan sederhana di Lautan Atlantik; namun Atlantik dan perisai separa dari udara sejuk oleh Appalachians menjadikan bandar lebih panas di musim sejuk daripada pedalaman bandar-bandar Amerika Utara di latitud sama atau kurang seperti Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, dan Indianapolis. Suhu purata harian pada bulan Januari, bulan paling sejuk di kawasan itu ialah 32.6 \u00b0 F (0.3 \u00b0 C); Walau bagaimanapun, suhu biasanya turun hingga 10 \u00b0 F (-12 \u00b0 C) beberapa kali setiap musim sejuk, dan mencapai 50 \u00b0 F (10 \u00b0 C) beberapa hari setiap bulan musim sejuk. Musim bunga dan musim luruh tidak dapat diprediksi dan boleh bervariasi dari hawa dingin untuk panas, walaupun mereka biasanya ringan dengan kelembapan yang rendah. Musim panas biasanya panas dan lembap, dengan suhu purata harian 76.5 \u00b0 F (24.7 \u00b0 C) pada bulan Julai dan paras kelembapan purata sebanyak 72%. Keadaan malam sering diburukkan lagi oleh fenomena pulau panas di bandar, manakala suhu siang hari melebihi 90 \u00b0 F (32 \u00b0 C) dengan purata 17 hari setiap musim panas dan dalam beberapa tahun melebihi 100 \u00b0 F (38 \u00b0 C). Pada bulan-bulan yang lebih panas, titik embun, ukuran kelembapan atmosfera, berkisar dari 57.3 \u00b0 F (14.1 \u00b0 C) pada bulan Jun hingga 62.0 \u00b0 F (16.7 \u00b0 C) pada bulan Ogos. Suhu melampau berkisar antara -15 \u00b0 F (-26 \u00b0 C), direkodkan pada 9 Februari 1934, sehingga 106 \u00b0 F (41 \u00b0 C) pada 9 Julai 1936. <> Pergunungan apa yang menjadi penghalang untuk memastikan Baru York City agak panas pada musim sejuk? || Appalachians <> Apakah suhu harian harian New York City pada suhu celsius? || 0.3 <> Apakah kelembapan purata pada bulan Julai sebagai peratusan? || 72% <> Secara purata, berapa kali suhu New York melebihi 90 darjah Fahrenheit setiap tahun? || 17 <> Pada apa tarikh New York mencatat suhu tertinggi pernah? || 9 Julai 1936 <> Apakah suhu tertinggi yang dicatatkan di NYC? || 106 <> Bilakah suhu terendah dicatatkan di NYC? || 1934 <> Suhu tertinggi pernah dicatatkan di NYC pada tahun berapa? || 1936", {"qas": [{"question": "What mountains serve as a barrier to keep New York City comparatively warmer in the winter?", "id": "56cf2b33aab44d1400b88daf", "answers": [{"text": "Appalachians", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is New York City's daily January mean temperature in degrees celsius?", "id": "56cf2b33aab44d1400b88db0", "answers": [{"text": "0.3", "answer_start": 436}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average humidity in July as a percentage?", "id": "56cf2b33aab44d1400b88db1", "answers": [{"text": "72%", "answer_start": 838}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On average, how often do New York temperatures exceed 90 degrees Fahrenheit each year?", "id": "56cf2b33aab44d1400b88db2", "answers": [{"text": "17", "answer_start": 985}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did New York record its highest temperature ever?", "id": "56cf2b33aab44d1400b88db3", "answers": [{"text": "July 9, 1936", "answer_start": 1297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the highest temperature recorded in NYC?", "id": "56cfe4b4234ae51400d9c01b", "answers": [{"text": "106", "answer_start": 1279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the lowest temperature recorded in NYC?", "id": "56cfe4b4234ae51400d9c01c", "answers": [{"text": "1934", "answer_start": 1267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The highest temperature ever recorded in NYC was in what year?", "id": "56cfe4b4234ae51400d9c01d", "answers": [{"text": "1936", "answer_start": 1305}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Winters are cold and damp, and prevailing wind patterns that blow offshore minimize the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean; yet the Atlantic and the partial shielding from colder air by the Appalachians keep the city warmer in the winter than inland North American cities at similar or lesser latitudes such as Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis. The daily mean temperature in January, the area's coldest month, is 32.6 \u00b0F (0.3 \u00b0C); however, temperatures usually drop to 10 \u00b0F (\u221212 \u00b0C) several times per winter, and reach 50 \u00b0F (10 \u00b0C) several days each winter month. Spring and autumn are unpredictable and can range from chilly to warm, although they are usually mild with low humidity. Summers are typically warm to hot and humid, with a daily mean temperature of 76.5 \u00b0F (24.7 \u00b0C) in July and an average humidity level of 72%. Nighttime conditions are often exacerbated by the urban heat island phenomenon, while daytime temperatures exceed 90 \u00b0F (32 \u00b0C) on average of 17 days each summer and in some years exceed 100 \u00b0F (38 \u00b0C). In the warmer months, the dew point, a measure of atmospheric moisture, ranges from 57.3 \u00b0F (14.1 \u00b0C) in June to 62.0 \u00b0F (16.7 \u00b0C) in August. Extreme temperatures have ranged from \u221215 \u00b0F (\u221226 \u00b0C), recorded on February 9, 1934, up to 106 \u00b0F (41 \u00b0C) on July 9, 1936."}], ["Terdapat tujuh taman negeri di dalam kawasan di New York City, termasuk Taman Perladangan Clay Pit Ponds, sebuah kawasan semulajadi yang meliputi laluan menunggang yang luas dan Riverbank State Park, kemudahan 28-ekar (110,000 m2) yang naik 69 kaki (21 m) di atas Sungai Hudson. <> Berapa banyak taman negeri di New York City? || tujuh <> Seberapa besar Taman Negara Riverbank di kawasan ekar? || 28 <> Berapa meter adalah Taman Negeri Riverbank yang ditinggikan di atas Sungai Hudson? || 21 <> Berapa banyak taman negeri New York berada di New York City? || tujuh <> titik tertinggi Taman Negara Riverbank adalah sejauh mana di atas Sungai Hudson? || 69 kaki", {"qas": [{"question": "How many state parks exist in New York City?", "id": "56cf30beaab44d1400b88df9", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How large is Riverbank State Park in acres?", "id": "56cf30beaab44d1400b88dfa", "answers": [{"text": "28", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many meters is Riverbank State Park elevated above the Hudson River?", "id": "56cf30beaab44d1400b88dfb", "answers": [{"text": "21", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many New York state parks are within New York City?", "id": "56cfe709234ae51400d9c04f", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Riverbank State park's highest point is how high above the Hudson River?", "id": "56cfe709234ae51400d9c050", "answers": [{"text": "69 feet", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are seven state parks within the confines of New York City, including Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserve, a natural area which includes extensive riding trails, and Riverbank State Park, a 28-acre (110,000 m2) facility that rises 69 feet (21 m) over the Hudson River."}], ["Kira-kira 37% daripada penduduk bandar ini dilahirkan di luar negara. Di New York, tidak ada satu negara atau wilayah asal menguasai. Sepuluh sumber terbesar penduduk kelahiran asing di bandar raya pada tahun 2011 adalah Republik Dominika, China, Mexico, Guyana, Jamaica, Ecuador, Haiti, India, Rusia, dan Trinidad dan Tobago, sementara penduduk pendatang Bangladeshi telah menjadi satu daripada yang paling pesat berkembang di bandar ini, mengira lebih 74,000 menjelang tahun 2013. <> Berapa peratus penduduknya dilahirkan di luar Amerika Syarikat? || 37% <> Dari negara manakah yang paling banyak jumlah pendatang asing yang berasal dari tahun 2011? || Republik Dominican <> Berapa banyak pendatang dari Bangladesh tinggal di bandar pada tahun 2013? || 74,000 <> Negara mana yang merupakan sumber kedua terbesar New York pada tahun 2011? || China <> Berapa peratus daripada penduduk NYC dilahirkan di negara lain? || 37", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of the population was born outside the United States?", "id": "56cf3569aab44d1400b88e53", "answers": [{"text": "37%", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what country did the largest number of foreign-born immigrants originate as of 2011?", "id": "56cf3569aab44d1400b88e54", "answers": [{"text": "Dominican Republic", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many immigrants from Bangladesh lived in the city in 2013?", "id": "56cf3569aab44d1400b88e55", "answers": [{"text": "74,000", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country was the second largest source of foreign-born New Yorkers in 2011?", "id": "56cf3569aab44d1400b88e56", "answers": [{"text": "China", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the population of NYC was born in another country?", "id": "56cfe9c0234ae51400d9c09f", "answers": [{"text": "37", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Approximately 37% of the city's population is foreign born. In New York, no single country or region of origin dominates. The ten largest sources of foreign-born individuals in the city as of 2011 were the Dominican Republic, China, Mexico, Guyana, Jamaica, Ecuador, Haiti, India, Russia, and Trinidad and Tobago, while the Bangladeshi immigrant population has since become one of the fastest growing in the city, counting over 74,000 by 2013."}], ["Pada tahun 2014, bandar ini mempunyai kepadatan penduduk yang dianggarkan sebanyak 27,858 orang setiap batu persegi (10,756 / km\u00b2), menjadikannya penduduk paling padat penduduk perumahan yang menempatkan lebih 100,000 penduduk di Amerika Syarikat; Walau bagaimanapun, beberapa bandar kecil (kurang daripada 100,000) di Hudson County, New Jersey yang bersebelahan lebih padat, seperti pada Banci 2000. Secara geografi secara menyeluruh dengan New York County, kepelbagaian penduduk Manhattan sebanyak 71,672 orang per mil persegi (27,673 / km\u00b2) menjadikannya tertinggi di mana-mana daerah di Amerika Syarikat dan lebih tinggi daripada kepadatan mana-mana bandar Amerika. <> Berapa ramai orang yang tinggal di sebuah kilometer persegi di New York City? || 27,858 <> Apakah kepadatan populasi Manhattan per kilometer persegi? || 27,673 <> Beberapa bandar di mana daerah mempunyai kepadatan penduduk yang lebih tinggi daripada New York City? || Hudson County", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people live in a square mile of New York City?", "id": "56cf33c4aab44d1400b88e2f", "answers": [{"text": "27,858", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the population density of Manhattan per square kilometer?", "id": "56cf33c4aab44d1400b88e30", "answers": [{"text": "27,673", "answer_start": 486}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some cities in what county have a higher population density than New York City?", "id": "56cf33c4aab44d1400b88e31", "answers": [{"text": "Hudson County", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2014, the city had an estimated population density of 27,858 people per square mile (10,756/km\u00b2), rendering it the most densely populated of all municipalities housing over 100,000 residents in the United States; however, several small cities (of fewer than 100,000) in adjacent Hudson County, New Jersey are more dense overall, as per the 2000 Census. Geographically co-extensive with New York County, the borough of Manhattan's population density of 71,672 people per square mile (27,673/km\u00b2) makes it the highest of any county in the United States and higher than the density of any individual American city."}], ["New York City mempunyai lebih daripada 28,000 ekar (110 km2) taman perbandaran dan 14 kilometer (23 km) pantai awam. Taman di New York City termasuk Central Park, Prospect Park, Taman Flushing Meadows-Corona, Taman Hutan dan Washington Square Park. Taman perbandaran terbesar di bandar ini ialah Taman Pelham Bay dengan 2,700 ekar (1,093 hektar). <> New York mempunyai lebih kurang berapa hektar taman? || 28,000 <> Berapa batu pantai awam terletak di New York City? || 14 <> Apa taman awam terbesar di bandar ini? || Pelham Bay Park <> Berapa besar adalah Pelham Bay Park dalam hektar? || 1,093 <> New York City mempunyai berapa hektar tanah yang didedikasikan untuk taman? || lebih 28,000 <> Berapa lama semua pantai awam bersama-sama dalam batu? || 14 <> Apa taman terbesar di New York City? || Pelham Bay Park <> Berapa banyak ekar tanah yang ada di taman Pelham Bay? || 2,700", {"qas": [{"question": "New York has approximately how many acres of parks?", "id": "56cf322eaab44d1400b88e09", "answers": [{"text": "28,000", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many miles of public beach are located in New York City?", "id": "56cf322eaab44d1400b88e0a", "answers": [{"text": "14", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the biggest public park in the city?", "id": "56cf322eaab44d1400b88e0b", "answers": [{"text": "Pelham Bay Park", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How large is Pelham Bay Park in hectares?", "id": "56cf322eaab44d1400b88e0c", "answers": [{"text": "1,093", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New York City has how many acres of land dedicated to parks?", "id": "56cfe77b234ae51400d9c053", "answers": [{"text": "over 28,000", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long are all the public beaches together in miles?", "id": "56cfe77b234ae51400d9c054", "answers": [{"text": "14", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the largest park in New York City?", "id": "56cfe77b234ae51400d9c055", "answers": [{"text": "Pelham Bay Park", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many acres of land does Pelham Bay park have?", "id": "56cfe77b234ae51400d9c056", "answers": [{"text": "2,700", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City has over 28,000 acres (110 km2) of municipal parkland and 14 miles (23 km) of public beaches. Parks in New York City include Central Park, Prospect Park, Flushing Meadows\u2013Corona Park, Forest Park, and Washington Square Park. The largest municipal park in the city is Pelham Bay Park with 2,700 acres (1,093 ha)."}], ["Penduduk bandar raya pada tahun 2010 adalah 44% putih (33.3% bukan putih putih), 25.5% hitam (23% bukan hitam Hispanik), 0.7% Bahasa Asli Amerika, dan 12.7% Asia. Hispanik mana-mana kaum mewakili 28.6% daripada penduduk, sementara Asia membentuk segmen yang paling pesat penduduk bandar antara 2000 dan 2010; populasi putih bukan Hispanik menurun 3 peratus, penurunan terkumpul terkecil dalam beberapa dekad; dan untuk kali pertama sejak Perang Saudara, bilangan orang kulit hitam merosot selama satu dekad. <> Berapa peratus daripada penduduk bandar ini adalah Kaukasia? || 44% <> Berapa peratus daripada penduduk bandar ini adalah Afrika-Amerika? || 25.5% <> Apa etnik berkembang paling cepat di New York City? || Orang Asia <> Berapa peratus penduduk mengiktiraf sebagai Hispanik? || 28.6% <> Dengan apa peratusan penduduk putih yang tidak berkulit putih menurun? || 3 <> Setakat tahun 2010, berapa peratus orang kulit putih di NYC? || 44 <> Sejak peristiwa apa yang pertama kalinya orang kulit hitam merosot hidup di NYC? || Perang Saudara <> Manakah bangsa mana yang menjadikannya etnik yang paling tinggi antara 2000-2010 di NYC? || Asians <> Berapa peratus daripada Afrika membuat NYC? || 25.5", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of the city's population is Caucasian?", "id": "56cf3442aab44d1400b88e35", "answers": [{"text": "44%", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the city's population is African-American?", "id": "56cf3442aab44d1400b88e36", "answers": [{"text": "25.5%", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ethnicity is growing the quickest in New York City?", "id": "56cf3442aab44d1400b88e37", "answers": [{"text": "Asians", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the population identifies as Hispanic?", "id": "56cf3442aab44d1400b88e38", "answers": [{"text": "28.6%", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what percentage did the non-Hispanic white population decrease?", "id": "56cf3442aab44d1400b88e39", "answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of 2010, what percentage made up white people in NYC?", "id": "56cfe931234ae51400d9c089", "answers": [{"text": "44", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Since what event did the first time black people decline in living in NYC?", "id": "56cfe931234ae51400d9c08a", "answers": [{"text": "the Civil War", "answer_start": 434}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which race of people made it the highest growing ethnicity between 2000-2010 in NYC?", "id": "56cfe931234ae51400d9c08b", "answers": [{"text": "Asians", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Africans make up NYC?", "id": "56cfe931234ae51400d9c08c", "answers": [{"text": "25.5", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city's population in 2010 was 44% white (33.3% non-Hispanic white), 25.5% black (23% non-Hispanic black), 0.7% Native American, and 12.7% Asian. Hispanics of any race represented 28.6% of the population, while Asians constituted the fastest-growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010; the non-Hispanic white population declined 3 percent, the smallest recorded decline in decades; and for the first time since the Civil War, the number of blacks declined over a decade."}], ["Sepanjang sejarahnya, bandar ini menjadi pelabuhan utama bagi pendatang ke Amerika Syarikat; lebih daripada 12 juta pendatang Eropah diterima di Pulau Ellis antara tahun 1892 dan 1924. Istilah \"pot melting\" pertama kali dicipta untuk menerangkan kejiranan pendatang yang padat penduduk di Lower East Side. Menjelang 1900, Jerman merupakan kumpulan pendatang yang terbesar, diikuti oleh orang Ireland, Yahudi, dan Itali. Pada tahun 1940, putih mewakili 92% penduduk bandar. <> Berapa ramai pendatang tiba di Pulau Ellis dari tahun 1892 hingga 1924? || 12 juta <> 'Melting pot' pertama kali digunakan untuk menggambarkan kejiranan di kawasan kawasan apa? || Lower East Side <> Apa etnik yang terdiri daripada bilangan pendatang yang terbesar pada awal abad kedua puluh? || Jerman <> Berapa peratus daripada penduduknya adalah Kaukasia pada tahun 1940? || 92% <> Apakah etnik kumpulan kedua pendatang yang paling besar pada tahun 1900? || Ireland <> Antara 1892-1924, berapa ramai pendatang yang datang melalui Pulau Ellis? || lebih daripada 12 juta <> Pada tahun 1942, berapa peratus Amerika putih yang membentuk New York City? || 92", {"qas": [{"question": "How many immigrants arrived at Ellis Island from 1892 to 1924?", "id": "56cf34c5aab44d1400b88e49", "answers": [{"text": "12 million", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "'Melting pot' was first used to describe neighborhoods in what area of the city?", "id": "56cf34c5aab44d1400b88e4a", "answers": [{"text": "Lower East Side", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ethnicity comprised the largest number of immigrants at the beginning of the twentieth century?", "id": "56cf34c5aab44d1400b88e4b", "answers": [{"text": "Germans", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the population was Caucasian in 1940?", "id": "56cf34c5aab44d1400b88e4c", "answers": [{"text": "92%", "answer_start": 444}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the ethnicity of the second largest group of immigrants in 1900?", "id": "56cf34c5aab44d1400b88e4d", "answers": [{"text": "Irish", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Between 1892-1924, how many immigrants came through Ellis Island?", "id": "56cfe987234ae51400d9c099", "answers": [{"text": "more than 12 million", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the year 1942, what percentage of white Americans made up New York City?", "id": "56cfe987234ae51400d9c09b", "answers": [{"text": "92", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Throughout its history, the city has been a major port of entry for immigrants into the United States; more than 12 million European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924. The term \"melting pot\" was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side. By 1900, Germans constituted the largest immigrant group, followed by the Irish, Jews, and Italians. In 1940, whites represented 92% of the city's population."}], ["Kawasan Rekreasi Negara Gateway mengandungi lebih daripada 26,000 ekar (10,521.83 hektar), kebanyakannya dikelilingi oleh New York City, termasuk Perlindungan Hidupan Liar Jamaica Bay di Brooklyn dan Queens, lebih daripada 9,000 ekar (36 km2) garam, pulau, dan air garam , termasuk kebanyakan Jamaica Bay. Juga di Queens, taman ini termasuk sebahagian besar dari Semenanjung Rockaway barat, terutama Yakis Park dan Fort Tilden. Di Staten Island, taman ini termasuk Fort Wadsworth, dengan era Pra-Perang bersejarah Battery Rice dan Fort Tompkins, dan Great Kills Park, dengan pantai, laluan, dan marina. <> Seberapa besar Kawasan rekreasi Kebangsaan Gateway dalam hektar? || 10,521.83 <> Berapa besarnya Perlindungan Hidupan Liar Jamaica Bay di ekar? || 9,000 <> Benteng apa yang terletak di Semenanjung Rockaway? || Fort Tilden <> Taman apa yang terletak di Semenanjung Rockaway? || Jacob Riis Park <> Apa badan air adalah Perlindungan Hidupan Liar Jamaica Bay bersebelahan dengan? || Jamaica Bay <> Berapa banyak ekar tanah yang disediakan oleh Gateway Nation Recreation? || lebih 26,000", {"qas": [{"question": "How large is the Gateway National recreation Area in hectares?", "id": "56cf2fb5aab44d1400b88ddd", "answers": [{"text": "10,521.83", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how large is the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in acres?", "id": "56cf2fb5aab44d1400b88dde", "answers": [{"text": "9,000", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What fort is located on the Rockaway Peninsula?", "id": "56cf2fb5aab44d1400b88ddf", "answers": [{"text": "Fort Tilden", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What park is located on the Rockaway Peninsula?", "id": "56cf2fb5aab44d1400b88de0", "answers": [{"text": "Jacob Riis Park", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body of water is Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge adjacent to?", "id": "56cf2fb5aab44d1400b88de1", "answers": [{"text": "Jamaica Bay", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many acres of land does Gateway Nation Recreation contain?", "id": "56cfe608234ae51400d9c02f", "answers": [{"text": "over 26,000", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Gateway National Recreation Area contains over 26,000 acres (10,521.83 ha) in total, most of it surrounded by New York City, including the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in Brooklyn and Queens, over 9,000 acres (36 km2) of salt marsh, islands, and water, including most of Jamaica Bay. Also in Queens, the park includes a significant portion of the western Rockaway Peninsula, most notably Jacob Riis Park and Fort Tilden. In Staten Island, the park includes Fort Wadsworth, with historic pre-Civil War era Battery Weed and Fort Tompkins, and Great Kills Park, with beaches, trails, and a marina."}], ["New York City adalah bandar paling ramai penduduk di Amerika Syarikat, dengan rekod yang dianggarkan tinggi 8,491,079 penduduk pada tahun 2014, menggabungkan lebih banyak imigresen ke bandar daripada outmigration sejak Banci Amerika Syarikat 2010. Lebih daripada dua kali ganda orang tinggal di New York City seperti di bandar A.S. (Los Angeles) yang paling ramai penduduknya, dan di dalam kawasan yang lebih kecil. New York City mendapat lebih ramai penduduk antara April 2010 dan Julai 2014 (316,000) daripada mana-mana bandar A.S. lain. Populasi New York City berjumlah kira-kira 40% daripada populasi New York State dan peratusan yang serupa di kawasan metropolitan New York. <> Apakah populasi New York City pada tahun 2014? || 8,491,079 <> Apa bandar AS dengan populasi kedua terbesar? || Los Angeles <> Berapa ramai orang berpindah ke New York City antara April 2010 dan Julai 2014? || 316,000 <> Lebih kurang berapa peratusan penduduk New York City penduduk seluruh negara? || 40% <> Berapa peratuskah penduduk New York City di kawasan metropolitan New York? || 40% <> Apakah populasi NYC pada tahun 2014? || 8,491,079 <> Kota kedua terbesar di AS adalah apa? || Los Angeles <> Berapa peratus daripada orang yang tinggal di negeri New York tinggal di New York City? || 40", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the population of New York City in 2014?", "id": "56cf331faab44d1400b88e1b", "answers": [{"text": "8,491,079", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the US city with the second largest population?", "id": "56cf331faab44d1400b88e1c", "answers": [{"text": "Los Angeles", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people moved to New York City between April 2010 and July 2014?", "id": "56cf331faab44d1400b88e1d", "answers": [{"text": "316,000", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Approximately what percentage is New York City's population of the entire state's population?", "id": "56cf331faab44d1400b88e1e", "answers": [{"text": "40%", "answer_start": 512}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About what percentage is New York City's population of the New York metropolitan area's population?", "id": "56cf331faab44d1400b88e1f", "answers": [{"text": "40%", "answer_start": 512}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the population of NYC as of 2014?", "id": "56cfe890234ae51400d9c07d", "answers": [{"text": "8,491,079", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The second largest city in the US is what?", "id": "56cfe890234ae51400d9c07e", "answers": [{"text": "Los Angeles", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of people that live in the state of New York live in New York City?", "id": "56cfe890234ae51400d9c07f", "answers": [{"text": "40", "answer_start": 512}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City is the most-populous city in the United States, with an estimated record high of 8,491,079 residents as of 2014, incorporating more immigration into the city than outmigration since the 2010 United States Census. More than twice as many people live in New York City as in the second-most populous U.S. city (Los Angeles), and within a smaller area. New York City gained more residents between April 2010 and July 2014 (316,000) than any other U.S. city. New York City's population amounts to about 40% of New York State's population and a similar percentage of the New York metropolitan area population."}], ["Tugu Kebangsaan Patung Liberty dan Muzium Imigresen Pulau Ellis dikendalikan oleh Perkhidmatan Taman Negara dan berada di kedua-dua negeri New York dan New Jersey. Mereka bergabung di pelabuhan oleh Monumen Nasional Pulau Gubernur, di New York. Tempat bersejarah di bawah pengurusan persekutuan di Pulau Manhattan termasuk Monumen Nasional Castle Clinton; Memorial Nasional Dewan Persekutuan; Tapak Bersejarah Negara Tempat Lahir Theodore Roosevelt; Memorial Kebangsaan Grant Am (\"Makam Grant\"); Tugu Kebangsaan Afrika Burial Ground; dan Hamilton Grange National Memorial. Beratus-ratus sifat persendirian disenaraikan di Daftar Negara Tempat Bersejarah atau sebagai Landmark Bersejarah Negara seperti, sebagai contoh, Stonewall Inn di Greenwich Village sebagai pemangkin pergerakan hak gay moden. <> Badan apa yang mentadbir Muzium Imigresen Pulau Ellis? || Perkhidmatan Taman Negara <> Apakah nama umum untuk Memorial Umum Grant Am? || Makam Grant <> Dalam kejiranan apa yang terletak di Stonewall Inn? || Greenwich Village <> Gerakan apa yang Stonewall Inn paling terkenal dikaitkan dengan? || Pergerakan hak gay <> Patung Liberty diurus oleh organisasi apa? || Perkhidmatan Taman Negara <> Patung Liberty juga dalam apa negeri AS yang lain? || New Jersey <> Ellis Island dianggap di negeri New York dan yang lain? || New Jersey <> Tanda-tanda yang dianggap sebagai percikan untuk hak-hak LGBT? || Stonewall Inn <> Tanda-tanda, Peringatan Umum Umum Grant, juga dipanggil apa? || Makam Grant", {"qas": [{"question": "What body administers the Ellis Island Immigration Museum?", "id": "56cf306baab44d1400b88de7", "answers": [{"text": "National Park Service", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the common name for the General Grant National Memorial?", "id": "56cf306baab44d1400b88de8", "answers": [{"text": "Grant's Tomb", "answer_start": 476}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what neighborhood is the Stonewall Inn located?", "id": "56cf306baab44d1400b88de9", "answers": [{"text": "Greenwich Village", "answer_start": 736}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What movement is the Stonewall Inn most famously associated with?", "id": "56cf306baab44d1400b88dea", "answers": [{"text": "gay rights movement", "answer_start": 784}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Statue of Liberty is taken care of by what organization?", "id": "56cfe6d2234ae51400d9c045", "answers": [{"text": "National Park Service", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Statue of Liberty is also in what other US state?", "id": "56cfe6d2234ae51400d9c046", "answers": [{"text": "New Jersey", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Ellis Island is considered in New York state and which other?", "id": "56cfe6d2234ae51400d9c047", "answers": [{"text": "New Jersey", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which landmark is considered the spark for LGBT rights?", "id": "56cfe6d2234ae51400d9c048", "answers": [{"text": "Stonewall Inn", "answer_start": 719}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The landmark, General Grant National Memorial, is also called what?", "id": "56cfe6d2234ae51400d9c049", "answers": [{"text": "Grant's Tomb", "answer_start": 476}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum are managed by the National Park Service and are in both the states of New York and New Jersey. They are joined in the harbor by Governors Island National Monument, in New York. Historic sites under federal management on Manhattan Island include Castle Clinton National Monument; Federal Hall National Memorial; Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site; General Grant National Memorial (\"Grant's Tomb\"); African Burial Ground National Monument; and Hamilton Grange National Memorial. Hundreds of private properties are listed on the National Register of Historic Places or as a National Historic Landmark such as, for example, the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village as the catalyst of the modern gay rights movement."}], ["New York City adalah rumah kepada Fort Hamilton, satu-satunya tugas tugas ketenteraan awam di A.S.. Ditubuhkan pada tahun 1825 di Brooklyn di tapak bateri kecil yang digunakan semasa Revolusi Amerika, ia adalah salah satu kubu ketenteraan yang paling lama berkhidmat di Amerika. Hari ini Fort Hamilton berfungsi sebagai ibu pejabat Bahagian Atlantik Utara Kor Amerika Syarikat Jurutera Jurutera serta untuk Batalion Pengambilan New York City. Ia juga menempatkan Brigade Pengangkutan 1179, Skuadron Pementasan Aeromedikal 722, dan stesen pemprosesan masuk ketenteraan. Tempahan ketenteraan yang lain yang masih aktif masih digunakan untuk Latihan Kebangsaan dan latihan ketenteraan atau operasi rizab di bandar termasuk Fort Wadsworth di Staten Island dan Fort Totten di Queens. <> Apakah namanya pangkalan tentera di New York City? || Fort Hamilton <> Pada tahun apakah Fort Hamilton diasaskan? || 1825 <> Dalam apa borough terletak di Fort Hamilton? || Brooklyn <> Pembahagian apa yang berpusat di Fort Hamilton? || Bahagian Atlantik Utara <> Briged apa yang beribu pejabat di Fort Hamilton? || Brigade Pengangkutan 1179 <> Tentera A.S. hanya mempunyai satu lokasi aktif di NYC yang dinamakan apa? || Fort Hamilton <> Bilakah Fort Hamilton dibina? || 1825 <> Yang mana boleh didapati di Fort Hamilton? || Brooklyn <> Fort Wadsworth dan Fort Totten terletak di kawasan New York City? || Queens", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the military base in New York City?", "id": "56cf3297aab44d1400b88e11", "answers": [{"text": "Fort Hamilton", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Fort Hamilton founded?", "id": "56cf3297aab44d1400b88e12", "answers": [{"text": "1825", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what borough is Fort Hamilton located?", "id": "56cf3297aab44d1400b88e13", "answers": [{"text": "Brooklyn", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What division is based at Fort Hamilton?", "id": "56cf3297aab44d1400b88e14", "answers": [{"text": "North Atlantic Division", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What brigade is headquartered at Fort Hamilton?", "id": "56cf3297aab44d1400b88e15", "answers": [{"text": "1179th Transportation Brigade", "answer_start": 463}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The U.S. military has only one active location in NYC named what?", "id": "56cfe836234ae51400d9c063", "answers": [{"text": "Fort Hamilton", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Fort Hamilton built?", "id": "56cfe836234ae51400d9c064", "answers": [{"text": "1825", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which borough can Fort Hamilton be found?", "id": "56cfe836234ae51400d9c065", "answers": [{"text": "Brooklyn", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Fort Wadsworth and Fort Totten are located in which area of New York City?", "id": "56cfe836234ae51400d9c067", "answers": [{"text": "Queens", "answer_start": 771}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City is home to Fort Hamilton, the U.S. military's only active duty installation within the city. Established in 1825 in Brooklyn on the site of a small battery utilized during the American Revolution, it is one of America's longest serving military forts. Today Fort Hamilton serves as the headquarters of the North Atlantic Division of the United States Army Corps of Engineers as well as for the New York City Recruiting Battalion. It also houses the 1179th Transportation Brigade, the 722nd Aeromedical Staging Squadron, and a military entrance processing station. Other formerly active military reservations still utilized for National Guard and military training or reserve operations in the city include Fort Wadsworth in Staten Island and Fort Totten in Queens."}], ["Banyak syarikat Fortune 500 yang beribu pejabat di New York City, seperti banyak syarikat asing. Satu daripada sepuluh pekerjaan sektor swasta di bandar adalah dengan syarikat asing. New York City telah menduduki tempat pertama di antara bandar-bandar di seluruh dunia dalam menarik modal, perniagaan, dan pelancong. Keupayaan untuk menarik pelaburan asing membantu New York City mengatasi kedudukan FDi Magazine American Cities of the Future untuk 2013. <> Sebilangan kecil daripada New York dalam sektor swasta yang diambil bekerja oleh syarikat asing? || Satu daripada sepuluh <> Penerbitan apa yang disenaraikan di New York pertama di ranking Amerika Syarikat 2013 Bandar Raya Masa Depan? || Majalah FDi", {"qas": [{"question": "What fraction of New Yorkers in the private sector are employed by foreign companies?", "id": "56cf4722aab44d1400b88f06", "answers": [{"text": "One out of ten", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What publication ranked New York first in the 2013 American Cities of the Future rankings?", "id": "56cf4722aab44d1400b88f07", "answers": [{"text": "FDi Magazine", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many Fortune 500 corporations are headquartered in New York City, as are a large number of foreign corporations. One out of ten private sector jobs in the city is with a foreign company. New York City has been ranked first among cities across the globe in attracting capital, business, and tourists. This ability to attract foreign investment helped New York City top the FDi Magazine American Cities of the Future ranking for 2013."}], ["Kawasan metropolitan New York adalah rumah kepada komuniti gay dan biseksual yang dianggarkan sendiri pada 568,903 individu, yang terbesar di Amerika Syarikat dan salah satu yang terbesar di dunia. Pernikahan sama-sama di New York telah disahkan pada 24 Jun 2011 dan diberi kuasa untuk mengambil tempat bermula 30 hari selepas itu. <> Berapa banyak orang yang dikenal pasti LGB tinggal di kawasan metropolitan New York? || 568,903 <> Pada tarikh apakah New York menyalahkan perkahwinan gay? || 24 Jun 2011 <> Berapa hari selepas perkahwinan gay disahkan adalah perkahwinan gay yang dibenarkan berlaku? || 30 <> Berapa ramai yang mengenal pasti gay atau biseksual di NYC? || 568,903 <> Perkahwinan sesama jenis menjadi sah di mana tarikh di New York? || 24 Jun 2011 <> Sejak pernikahan Gay menjadi sah, berapa hari orang harus menunggu untuk menikah? || 30", {"qas": [{"question": "How many self-identified LGB people live in the New York metropolitan area?", "id": "56cf38dcaab44d1400b88ea0", "answers": [{"text": "568,903", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did New York legalize gay marriage?", "id": "56cf38dcaab44d1400b88ea1", "answers": [{"text": "June 24, 2011", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many days after gay marriage was legalized were gay marriages allowed to take place?", "id": "56cf38dcaab44d1400b88ea2", "answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people identify as gay or bisexual in NYC?", "id": "56cfedcd234ae51400d9c0e5", "answers": [{"text": "568,903", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Same-sex marriage became legal on what date in New York?", "id": "56cfedcd234ae51400d9c0e7", "answers": [{"text": "June 24, 2011", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Since Gay marriage became legal, how many days did people have to wait to marry?", "id": "56cfedcd234ae51400d9c0e8", "answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying gay and bisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the world's largest. Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter."}], ["Kristian (59%), terutamanya Katolik (33%), adalah agama paling kerap dipraktikkan di New York pada tahun 2014, diikuti oleh Judaisme, dengan kira-kira 1.1 juta Yahudi di New York City, lebih separuh tinggal di Brooklyn. Islam berada di tempat ketiga di New York City, dengan anggaran rasmi antara 600,000 dan 1,000,000 pemerhati dan termasuk 10% daripada anak-anak sekolah umum di bandar itu, diikuti oleh Hindu, Buddhisme, dan pelbagai agama lain, serta ateisme. Pada tahun 2014, 24% dikenal pasti diri tanpa gabungan agama yang teratur. <> Berapa peratus daripada New York adalah orang Kristian? || 59% <> Berapa peratus daripada New York mengikuti kepercayaan Katolik? || 33% <> Berapa banyak orang Yahudi tinggal di New York City? || 1.1 juta <> Apa borough mempunyai penduduk Yahudi terbesar? || Brooklyn <> Apa iman yang ketiga paling popular di New York City? || Islam <> Apakah agama yang paling menonjol di New York pada 2014? || Kristian <> Agama kedua yang paling menonjol di New York adalah apa? || Yahudi <> Separuh daripada penduduk Yahudi tinggal di kawasan kota New York yang mana? || Brooklyn <> Berapa peratus daripada orang pada tahun 2014 tidak mempunyai agama? || 24 <> Agama ketiga yang paling popular di NYC adalah apa? || Islam", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of New Yorkers are Christians?", "id": "56cf3934aab44d1400b88ea6", "answers": [{"text": "59%", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of New Yorkers follow the Catholic faith?", "id": "56cf3934aab44d1400b88ea7", "answers": [{"text": "33%", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many Jews live in New York City?", "id": "56cf3934aab44d1400b88ea8", "answers": [{"text": "1.1 million", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What borough has the largest population of Jewish people?", "id": "56cf3934aab44d1400b88ea9", "answers": [{"text": "Brooklyn", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the third most popular faith in New York City?", "id": "56cf3934aab44d1400b88eaa", "answers": [{"text": "Islam", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the most prominent religion in New York as of 2014?", "id": "56cfee38234ae51400d9c0ed", "answers": [{"text": "Christianity", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The second most prominent religion in New York is what?", "id": "56cfee38234ae51400d9c0ee", "answers": [{"text": "Judaism", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Half the population of Jews live in what borough of New York City?", "id": "56cfee38234ae51400d9c0ef", "answers": [{"text": "Brooklyn", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of people in 2014 had no religion?", "id": "56cfee38234ae51400d9c0f0", "answers": [{"text": "24", "answer_start": 483}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The third most popular religion in NYC is what?", "id": "56cfee38234ae51400d9c0f1", "answers": [{"text": "Islam", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Christianity (59%), particularly Catholicism (33%), was the most prevalently practiced religion in New York as of 2014, followed by Judaism, with approximately 1.1 million Jews in New York City, over half living in Brooklyn. Islam ranks third in New York City, with official estimates ranging between 600,000 and 1,000,000 observers and including 10% of the city's public schoolchildren, followed by Hinduism, Buddhism, and a variety of other religions, as well as atheism. In 2014, 24% self-identified with no organized religious affiliation."}], ["Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, dan Brazil adalah negara sumber utama dari Amerika Selatan untuk pendatang yang sah ke rantau New York City pada tahun 2013; Republik Dominika, Jamaica, Haiti, dan Trinidad dan Tobago di Caribbean; Mesir, Ghana, dan Nigeria dari Afrika; dan El Salvador, Honduras, dan Guatemala di Amerika Tengah. Di tengah-tengah kebangkitan penghijrahan Puerto Rico ke New York City, penduduk ini telah meningkat kepada kira-kira 1.3 juta di kawasan metropolitan pada tahun 2013. <> Pada tahun 2013, berapa orang keturunan Puerto Rika tinggal di New York City? || 1.3 juta <> Negara mana yang memberikan imigran paling sah ke New York City di Caribbean? || Republik Dominika <Dari semua negara Afrika, yang menyediakan pendatang yang paling sah pada tahun 2013? || Mesir <> Daripada semua negara di Amerika Tengah, yang menyediakan pendatang paling sah pada tahun 2013? || El Salvador <> Dari semua negara di Amerika Selatan, yang menyediakan pendatang paling sah pada tahun 2013? || Ecuador", {"qas": [{"question": "In 2013, how many people of Puerto Rican ancestry lived in New York City?", "id": "56cf3862aab44d1400b88e8c", "answers": [{"text": "1.3 million", "answer_start": 444}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nation provided the most legal immigrants to New York City in the Caribbean?", "id": "56cf3862aab44d1400b88e8d", "answers": [{"text": "the Dominican Republic", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Out of all African nations, which provided the most legal immigrants in 2013?", "id": "56cf3862aab44d1400b88e8e", "answers": [{"text": "Egypt", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Out of all nations in Central America, which provided the most legal immigrants in 2013?", "id": "56cf3862aab44d1400b88e8f", "answers": [{"text": "El Salvador", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of all the countries in South America, which provided the most legal immigrants in 2013?", "id": "56cf3862aab44d1400b88e90", "answers": [{"text": "Ecuador", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil were the top source countries from South America for legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013; the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean; Egypt, Ghana, and Nigeria from Africa; and El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in Central America. Amidst a resurgence of Puerto Rican migration to New York City, this population had increased to approximately 1.3 million in the metropolitan area as of 2013."}], ["New York adalah hab global perniagaan dan perdagangan antarabangsa. Pada tahun 2012, New York City mendahului Indeks Kuasa Ekonomi Global yang pertama, yang diterbitkan oleh The Atlantic (dibezakan daripada senarai nama yang diterbitkan oleh Martin Prosperity Institute), dengan bandar-bandar disenaraikan mengikut kriteria yang mencerminkan kehadiran mereka pada senarai serupa seperti yang diterbitkan oleh yang lain entiti. Bandar ini merupakan pusat utama perbankan dan kewangan, peruncitan, perdagangan dunia, pengangkutan, pelancongan, hartanah, media baru serta media tradisional, pengiklanan, perkhidmatan undang-undang, perakaunan, asuransi, teater, fesyen, dan kesenian di United Negeri; manakala Silicon Alley, yang terkenal dengan bidang teknologi tinggi spektrum luas New York, terus berkembang. Pelabuhan New York dan New Jersey juga merupakan enjin ekonomi utama, mengendalikan volum kargo rekod pada separuh pertama 2014. <> Apa nama umum untuk sektor teknologi tinggi New York? || Silikon Alley <> Siapa yang menciptakan Indeks Kuasa Ekonomi Global yang menduduki tempat pertama di New York? || The Atlantic <> Dalam tahun apakah Pelabuhan New York dan New Jersey berurusan dengan jumlah kargo belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya? || 2014 <> Pada tahun apakah New York menduduki tempat pertama pada Indeks Kuasa Ekonomi Global? || 2012", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the common name for New York's high technology sector?", "id": "56cf3aa2aab44d1400b88ec0", "answers": [{"text": "Silicon Alley", "answer_start": 632}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created the Global Economic Power Index that ranked New York first?", "id": "56cf3aa2aab44d1400b88ec1", "answers": [{"text": "The Atlantic", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Port of New York and New Jersey deal with unprecedented cargo volume?", "id": "56cf3aa2aab44d1400b88ec2", "answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 852}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was New York ranked first on the Global Economic Power Index?", "id": "56cf3aa2aab44d1400b88ec3", "answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York is a global hub of international business and commerce. In 2012, New York City topped the first Global Economic Power Index, published by The Atlantic (to be differentiated from a namesake list published by the Martin Prosperity Institute), with cities ranked according to criteria reflecting their presence on similar lists as published by other entities. The city is a major center for banking and finance, retailing, world trade, transportation, tourism, real estate, new media as well as traditional media, advertising, legal services, accountancy, insurance, theater, fashion, and the arts in the United States; while Silicon Alley, metonymous for New York's broad-spectrum high technology sphere, continues to expand. The Port of New York and New Jersey is also a major economic engine, handling record cargo volume in the first half of 2014."}], ["Harta tanah adalah kekuatan utama dalam ekonomi bandar raya, kerana nilai keseluruhan semua harta New York City dinilai pada AS $ 914.8 bilion untuk tahun fiskal 2015. The Time Warner Centre adalah harta dengan nilai pasaran tertinggi yang disenaraikan di bandar ini, pada US $ 1.1 bilion pada tahun 2006. New York City adalah rumah kepada beberapa negara-dan harta dunia yang paling berharga di dunia. 450 Park Avenue telah dijual pada 2 Julai 2007 untuk US $ 510 juta, kira-kira $ 1,589 setiap kaki persegi ($ 17,104 / m\u00b2), memecahkan rekod hampir sebulan untuk bangunan pejabat Amerika $ 1,476 setiap kaki persegi ($ 15,887 / m\u00b2) jualan Jun 660 di Madison Avenue. Menurut Forbes, pada tahun 2014, Manhattan menjadi rumah kepada enam daripada sepuluh kod zip teratas di Amerika Syarikat dengan harga perumahan median. <> Apakah nilai dinilai pada 2015 bagi semua hartanah di New York? || US $ 914.8 bilion <> Berapa nilai Time Warner Center bernilai pada tahun 2006? || US $ 1.1 bilion <> Apa harga per kaki persegi 450 Park Avenue ketika dijual pada bulan Julai 2007? || $ 1,589 <> Apakah harga per meter persegi 660 Madison Avenue pada bulan Jun 2007? || $ 15,887 <> Daripada 10 kod zip teratas dengan harga perumahan paling mahal di Amerika Syarikat, berapa banyak di Manhattan? || enam <> Bangunan mana yang mempunyai nilai pasaran tertinggi di NYC? || Time Warner Center <> Rekod terdahulu yang dipukul oleh Park Avenue adalah untuk hartanah apa? || 660 Madison Avenue", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the 2015 assessed value of all the property in New York?", "id": "56cf4837aab44d1400b88f24", "answers": [{"text": "US$914.8 billion", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much was Time Warner Center worth in 2006?", "id": "56cf4837aab44d1400b88f25", "answers": [{"text": "US$1.1 billion", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the price per square foot of 450 Park Avenue when it sold in July 2007?", "id": "56cf4837aab44d1400b88f26", "answers": [{"text": "$1,589", "answer_start": 432}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the price per square meter of 660 Madison Avenue in June 2007?", "id": "56cf4837aab44d1400b88f27", "answers": [{"text": "$15,887", "answer_start": 565}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of the top 10 zip codes with the most expensive housing prices in the United States, how many are in Manhattan?", "id": "56cf4837aab44d1400b88f28", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 678}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which building has the highest market value in NYC?", "id": "56cff16a234ae51400d9c128", "answers": [{"text": "Time Warner Center", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The previous record beaten by Park Avenue was for what real estate?", "id": "56cff16a234ae51400d9c12a", "answers": [{"text": "660 Madison Avenue", "answer_start": 606}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Real estate is a major force in the city's economy, as the total value of all New York City property was assessed at US$914.8 billion for the 2015 fiscal year. The Time Warner Center is the property with the highest-listed market value in the city, at US$1.1 billion in 2006. New York City is home to some of the nation's\u2014and the world's\u2014most valuable real estate. 450 Park Avenue was sold on July 2, 2007 for US$510 million, about $1,589 per square foot ($17,104/m\u00b2), breaking the barely month-old record for an American office building of $1,476 per square foot ($15,887/m\u00b2) set in the June 2007 sale of 660 Madison Avenue. According to Forbes, in 2014, Manhattan was home to six of the top ten zip codes in the United States by median housing price."}], ["New York City mempunyai kesenjangan pendapatan yang tinggi seperti ditunjukkan oleh Koefisien Gini 0.5 untuk keseluruhan bandar dan 0.6 untuk Manhattan. Ketidaksamaan didorong oleh pertumbuhan upah dalam kurungan berpendapatan tinggi, sementara upah telah berlarut-larut untuk kurungan tengah dan berpendapatan rendah. Pada suku pertama 2014, purata gaji mingguan di New York County (Manhattan) adalah $ 2,749, mewakili jumlah tertinggi di kalangan daerah besar di Amerika Syarikat. Pada tahun 2013, New York City mempunyai bilangan bilionair tertinggi mana-mana bandar di dunia, lebih tinggi daripada lima bandar A.S. yang akan digabungkan, termasuk bekas Datuk Bandar Michael R. Bloomberg. New York juga mempunyai kepadatan tertinggi jutawan per kapita di kalangan bandar utama A.S. pada 2014, pada 4.6% penduduk. Lower Manhattan telah mengalami ledakan bayi, dengan kawasan selatan Canal Street menyaksikan 1,086 kelahiran pada tahun 2010, 12% lebih besar daripada tahun 2009 dan lebih dari dua kali jumlah yang dilahirkan pada tahun 2001. <> Apakah Koefisien Gini New York City? || 0.5 <> Apakah borough mempunyai Koefisien Gini 0.6? || Manhattan <> Apakah walikota New York yang sebelumnya adalah jutawan? || Michael R. Bloomberg <> Pada tahun 2014, jutawan membentuk berapa peratus penduduk New York City? || 4.6% <> Apakah gaji purata mingguan di Manhattan? || $ 2,749 <> Pendapatan purata mingguan untuk seorang pekerja di NYC adalah pada tahun 2014? || 2,749 <> Menjelang tahun 2013, bandar mana yang paling banyak jutawan tinggal di bandar? || Bandar New York", {"qas": [{"question": "What is New York City's Gini Coefficient?", "id": "56cf39b4aab44d1400b88eb0", "answers": [{"text": "0.5", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What borough has a Gini Coefficient of 0.6?", "id": "56cf39b4aab44d1400b88eb1", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What previous mayor of New York is a billionaire?", "id": "56cf39b4aab44d1400b88eb2", "answers": [{"text": "Michael R. Bloomberg", "answer_start": 599}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2014, millionaires made up what percentage of New York City's population?", "id": "56cf39b4aab44d1400b88eb3", "answers": [{"text": "4.6%", "answer_start": 722}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average weekly wage in Manhattan?", "id": "56cf39b4aab44d1400b88eb4", "answers": [{"text": "$2,749", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The average weekly earnings for a worker in NYC was what in 2014?", "id": "56cfee80234ae51400d9c0ff", "answers": [{"text": "2,749", "answer_start": 359}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By 2013, which city had the most billionaires living in the city?", "id": "56cfee80234ae51400d9c100", "answers": [{"text": "New York City", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City has a high degree of income disparity as indicated by its Gini Coefficient of 0.5 for the city overall and 0.6 for Manhattan. The disparity is driven by wage growth in high-income brackets, while wages have stagnated for middle and lower-income brackets. In the first quarter of 2014, the average weekly wage in New York County (Manhattan) was $2,749, representing the highest total among large counties in the United States. In 2013, New York City had the highest number of billionaires of any city in the world, higher than the next five U.S. cities combined, including former Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg. New York also had the highest density of millionaires per capita among major U.S. cities in 2014, at 4.6% of residents. Lower Manhattan has been experiencing a baby boom, with the area south of Canal Street witnessing 1,086 births in 2010, 12% greater than 2009 and over twice the number born in 2001."}], ["Kawasan metropolitan New York City yang lebih luas, dengan lebih daripada 20 juta orang, kira-kira 50% lebih besar daripada kawasan metropolitan Los Angeles yang kedua di Amerika Syarikat, juga beragam. Wilayah New York terus menjadi gerbang metropolitan yang utama untuk pendatang undang-undang yang diterima masuk ke Amerika Syarikat, dengan ketara melampaui jumlah gabungan Los Angeles dan Miami, kawasan gerbang yang paling popular di kemudian hari. Ia adalah rumah kepada komuniti Yahudi dan Israel yang terbesar di luar Israel, dengan penduduk Yahudi di rantau ini berjumlah lebih kurang 1.5 juta pada tahun 2012 dan termasuk pelbagai mazhab Yahudi yang pelbagai dari sekitar Timur Tengah dan Eropah Timur. Kawasan metropolitan juga menjadi rumah kepada 20% rakyat Amerika India dan sekurang-kurangnya 20 kantong Little India, serta 15% daripada semua orang Amerika Korea dan empat Koreatown; penduduk India Asia yang terbesar di Hemisfera Barat; penduduk Amerika Latin, Amerika Latin, dan Afrika Amerika yang terbesar; Amerika Dominican terbesar, Puerto Rico Amerika, dan Amerika Selatan dan penduduk Hispanik keseluruhan kedua terbesar di Amerika Syarikat, berjumlah 4.8 juta; dan termasuk sekurang-kurangnya 6 Chinatown yang ditubuhkan di New York City sahaja, dengan kumpulan aglomerasi bandar yang terdiri daripada penduduk 779,269 orang Cina di luar negara pada anggaran 2013 Banci, yang terbesar di luar Asia. <> Berapa banyak orang yang tinggal di kawasan metropolitan New York City? || 20 juta <> Sehingga tahun 2012, berapa orang Yahudi tinggal di kawasan metropolitan New York? || 1.5 juta <> Berapa peratus daripada jumlah penduduk India-Amerika di Amerika Syarikat tinggal di kawasan metropolitan New York? || 20% <> Berapa ramai penduduk Hispanik tinggal di kawasan metropolitan New York? || 4.8 juta <> Berapa banyaknya Chinatown yang ada di New York City? || 6", {"qas": [{"question": "About how many people live in New York City's metropolitan area?", "id": "56cf37b9aab44d1400b88e82", "answers": [{"text": "20 million", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of 2012, how many Jewish people lived in the New York metropolitan area?", "id": "56cf37b9aab44d1400b88e83", "answers": [{"text": "1.5 million", "answer_start": 567}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the total Indian-American population of the United States lives in the New York metropolitan area?", "id": "56cf37b9aab44d1400b88e84", "answers": [{"text": "20%", "answer_start": 713}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Hispanic people live in the New York metropolitan area?", "id": "56cf37b9aab44d1400b88e85", "answers": [{"text": "4.8 million", "answer_start": 1147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Approximately how many Chinatowns exist in New York City?", "id": "56cf37b9aab44d1400b88e86", "answers": [{"text": "6", "answer_start": 1182}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The wider New York City metropolitan area, with over 20 million people, about 50% greater than the second-place Los Angeles metropolitan area in the United States, is also ethnically diverse. The New York region continues to be by far the leading metropolitan gateway for legal immigrants admitted into the United States, substantially exceeding the combined totals of Los Angeles and Miami, the next most popular gateway regions. It is home to the largest Jewish as well as Israeli communities outside Israel, with the Jewish population in the region numbering over 1.5 million in 2012 and including many diverse Jewish sects from around the Middle East and Eastern Europe. The metropolitan area is also home to 20% of the nation's Indian Americans and at least 20 Little India enclaves, as well as 15% of all Korean Americans and four Koreatowns; the largest Asian Indian population in the Western Hemisphere; the largest Russian American, Italian American, and African American populations; the largest Dominican American, Puerto Rican American, and South American and second-largest overall Hispanic population in the United States, numbering 4.8 million; and includes at least 6 established Chinatowns within New York City alone, with the urban agglomeration comprising a population of 779,269 overseas Chinese as of 2013 Census estimates, the largest outside of Asia."}], ["New York City mempunyai penduduk putih terbesar di Eropah dan bukan Hispanik di mana-mana bandar Amerika. Pada 2.7 juta pada tahun 2012, populasi putih bukan orang Hispanik New York adalah lebih besar daripada penduduk putih putih Los Angeles (1.1 juta), Chicago (865,000), dan Houston (550,000). Diaspora Eropah yang tinggal di bandar ini sangat pelbagai. Mengikut anggaran Banci 2012, terdapat kira-kira 560,000 orang Amerika Latin, 385,000 orang Ireland Ireland, 253,000 orang Amerika Jerman, 223,000 orang Rusia Rusia, 201,000 orang Poland, dan 137,000 orang Amerika Inggeris. Di samping itu, orang-orang Yunani dan Perancis berjumlah 65,000 setiap orang, dengan keturunan Hungaria dianggarkan berjumlah 60,000 orang. Ukraine dan Amerika Skotlandia masing-masing berjumlah 55,000 dan 35,000. Orang yang mengenalpasti keturunan dari Sepanyol berjumlah 30,838 orang pada tahun 2010. Orang-orang keturunan Norway dan Sweden masing-masing berjumlah kira-kira 20,000 orang, sementara orang-orang dari keturunan Ceko, Lithuania, Portugis, Scotch-Irish, dan Welsh semuanya berjumlah antara 12,000-14,000 orang. Arab Amerika jumlahnya lebih 160,000 di New York City, dengan kepekatan tertinggi di Brooklyn. Asia Tengah, terutamanya orang Uzbekistan, adalah segmen yang berkembang pesat di kalangan penduduk putih non-Hispanik di bandar, yang mencatat lebih dari 30.000 orang, dan termasuk lebih separuh daripada semua pendatang Asia Tengah ke Amerika Syarikat, yang paling menetap di Queens atau Brooklyn. Orang Albania Amerika paling tertumpu di Bronx. <> Berapa banyak kulit putih bukan orang yang tinggal di New York City pada tahun 2012? || 2.7 juta <> Apa populasi putih bukan Houston? || 550,000 <> Berapa ramai orang New York yang berasal dari Poland? || 201,000 <> Berapa ramai penduduk New York City warisan Yunani? || 65,000 <> Apa borough mempunyai penduduk etnik terbesar di Albania? || Bronx <> NYC mempunyai populasi putih terbesar oleh berapa orang? || 2.7 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "How many non-Hispanic whites lived in New York City in 2012?", "id": "56cf36e5aab44d1400b88e6e", "answers": [{"text": "2.7 million", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the non-Hispanic white population of Houston?", "id": "56cf36e5aab44d1400b88e6f", "answers": [{"text": "550,000", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many New Yorkers are of Polish ancestry?", "id": "56cf36e5aab44d1400b88e70", "answers": [{"text": "201,000", "answer_start": 511}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many New York City residents are of Greek heritage?", "id": "56cf36e5aab44d1400b88e71", "answers": [{"text": "65,000", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What borough has the largest population of ethnic Albanians?", "id": "56cf36e5aab44d1400b88e72", "answers": [{"text": "the Bronx", "answer_start": 1437}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "NYC has the largest white population by how many people?", "id": "56cfed4d234ae51400d9c0df", "answers": [{"text": "2.7 million", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City has the largest European and non-Hispanic white population of any American city. At 2.7 million in 2012, New York's non-Hispanic white population is larger than the non-Hispanic white populations of Los Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined. The European diaspora residing in the city is very diverse. According to 2012 Census estimates, there were roughly 560,000 Italian Americans, 385,000 Irish Americans, 253,000 German Americans, 223,000 Russian Americans, 201,000 Polish Americans, and 137,000 English Americans. Additionally, Greek and French Americans numbered 65,000 each, with those of Hungarian descent estimated at 60,000 people. Ukrainian and Scottish Americans numbered 55,000 and 35,000, respectively. People identifying ancestry from Spain numbered 30,838 total in 2010. People of Norwegian and Swedish descent both stood at about 20,000 each, while people of Czech, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Scotch-Irish, and Welsh descent all numbered between 12,000\u201314,000 people. Arab Americans number over 160,000 in New York City, with the highest concentration in Brooklyn. Central Asians, primarily Uzbek Americans, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic white population, enumerating over 30,000, and including over half of all Central Asian immigrants to the United States, most settling in Queens or Brooklyn. Albanian Americans are most highly concentrated in the Bronx."}], ["Asia Amerika di New York City, menurut Banci 2010, jumlahnya lebih daripada satu juta, lebih besar daripada jumlah gabungan San Francisco dan Los Angeles. New York mengandungi jumlah penduduk Asia yang tertinggi di mana-mana bandar A.S. yang sepatutnya. Borough Queens Queens adalah rumah bagi penduduk Amerika yang terbesar di Amerika dan penduduk Andes (Kolombia, Ecuadorian, Peru, dan Bolivia) terbesar di Amerika Syarikat, dan juga kawasan perkotaan yang paling etnik di dunia. Penduduk Cina merupakan kewarganegaraan yang paling cepat berkembang di New York State; pelbagai satelit dari Chinatown Manhattan asal (\u7d10\u7d04 \u83ef\u57e0), di Brooklyn (\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u6797 \u83ef\u57e0), dan sekitar Flushing, Queens (\u6cd5\u62c9\u76db \u83ef\u57e0), berkembang pesat sebagai kawasan perkampungan tradisional, sementara juga berkembang pesat ke arah timur pinggir Nassau County (\u62ff\u9a37 \u7e23) di Long Island (\u9577\u5cf6), kerana rantau metropolitan New York dan New York State telah menjadi destinasi utama untuk pendatang China baru, dan imigrasi Cina berskala besar terus ke New York City dan sekitarnya. Pada tahun 2012, 6.3% daripada New York City adalah etnik China, dengan hampir tiga perempat yang tinggal di Queens atau Brooklyn, secara geografi di Long Island. Sebuah komuniti berjumlah 20,000 orang Korea-Cina (Chaoxianzu (Bahasa Cina: \u671d\u9c9c\u65cf) atau Joseonjok (Hangul: \uc870\uc120\uc871)) berpusat di Flushing, Queens, sementara New York City juga merupakan penduduk Tibet terbesar di luar China, India dan Nepal, juga berpusat di Queens. Korea terdiri 1.2% daripada penduduk bandar ini, dan Jepun 0.3%. Filipina adalah kumpulan etnik Asia Tenggara terbesar di 0.8%, diikuti oleh Vietnam, yang membentuk 0.2% penduduk New York City pada tahun 2010. India adalah kumpulan Asia Selatan yang terbesar, yang terdiri daripada 2.4% penduduk bandaraya, dengan Bangladeshis dan Pakistanis 0.7% dan 0.5%, masing-masing. Queens adalah tempat penyelesaian yang paling disukai untuk kaum India, Korea, dan Filipina Asia, serta rakyat Malaysia dan Asia Tenggara yang lain; sementara Brooklyn menerima jumlah besar dari India Barat dan juga pendatang India Asia. <> Apa wilayah New York mengandungi penduduk tertinggi Asia-Amerika? || Queens <> Apa borough ditempatkan Chinatown pertama di New York? || Manhattan <> Sehingga tahun 2012, berapa peratus penduduk New York City adalah etnis Cina? || 6.3% <> Apa borough adalah rumah bagi penduduk Tibet yang besar? || Queens <> Berapa peratus penduduk New York City adalah orang Jepun? || 0.3%", {"qas": [{"question": "What New York borough contains the highest population of Asian-Americans?", "id": "56cf3629aab44d1400b88e64", "answers": [{"text": "Queens", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What borough housed the first Chinatown in New York?", "id": "56cf3629aab44d1400b88e65", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 624}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of 2012, what percentage of the New York City population was ethnically Chinese?", "id": "56cf3629aab44d1400b88e66", "answers": [{"text": "6.3%", "answer_start": 1077}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What borough is home to a large Tibetan population?", "id": "56cf3629aab44d1400b88e67", "answers": [{"text": "Queens", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the New York City population is Japanese?", "id": "56cf3629aab44d1400b88e68", "answers": [{"text": "0.3%", "answer_start": 1536}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Asian Americans in New York City, according to the 2010 Census, number more than one million, greater than the combined totals of San Francisco and Los Angeles. New York contains the highest total Asian population of any U.S. city proper. The New York City borough of Queens is home to the state's largest Asian American population and the largest Andean (Colombian, Ecuadorian, Peruvian, and Bolivian) populations in the United States, and is also the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world. The Chinese population constitutes the fastest-growing nationality in New York State; multiple satellites of the original Manhattan Chinatown (\u7d10\u7d04\u83ef\u57e0), in Brooklyn (\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u6797\u83ef\u57e0), and around Flushing, Queens (\u6cd5\u62c9\u76db\u83ef\u57e0), are thriving as traditionally urban enclaves, while also expanding rapidly eastward into suburban Nassau County (\u62ff\u9a37\u7e23) on Long Island (\u9577\u5cf6), as the New York metropolitan region and New York State have become the top destinations for new Chinese immigrants, respectively, and large-scale Chinese immigration continues into New York City and surrounding areas. In 2012, 6.3% of New York City was of Chinese ethnicity, with nearly three-fourths living in either Queens or Brooklyn, geographically on Long Island. A community numbering 20,000 Korean-Chinese (Chaoxianzu (Chinese: \u671d\u9c9c\u65cf) or Joseonjok (Hangul: \uc870\uc120\uc871)) is centered in Flushing, Queens, while New York City is also home to the largest Tibetan population outside China, India, and Nepal, also centered in Queens. Koreans made up 1.2% of the city's population, and Japanese 0.3%. Filipinos were the largest Southeast Asian ethnic group at 0.8%, followed by Vietnamese, who made up 0.2% of New York City's population in 2010. Indians are the largest South Asian group, comprising 2.4% of the city's population, with Bangladeshis and Pakistanis at 0.7% and 0.5%, respectively. Queens is the preferred borough of settlement for Asian Indians, Koreans, and Filipinos, as well as Malaysians and other Southeast Asians; while Brooklyn is receiving large numbers of both West Indian as well as Asian Indian immigrants."}], ["Banyak konglomerat media terbesar di dunia juga berpusat di bandar. Manhattan mengandungi lebih daripada 500 juta kaki persegi (46.5 juta m2) ruang pejabat pada tahun 2015, menjadikannya pasaran pejabat terbesar di Amerika Syarikat, manakala Midtown Manhattan, dengan hampir 400 juta kaki persegi (37.2 juta m2) pada tahun 2015, adalah yang terbesar daerah perniagaan pusat di dunia. <> Berapa meter persegi ruang pejabat yang ada di Manhattan? || 46,5 juta <> Berapa banyak juta kaki persegi ruang kantor hadir di Midtown Manhattan? || 400 <> Berapa banyak ruang pejabat yang dimiliki oleh Manhatten pada tahun 2015? || 500 juta kaki persegi", {"qas": [{"question": "How many square meters of office space does Manhattan have?", "id": "56cf552daab44d1400b89022", "answers": [{"text": "46.5 million", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many million square feet of office space is present in Midtown Manhattan?", "id": "56cf552daab44d1400b89023", "answers": [{"text": "400", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much office space did Manhatten possess in 2015?", "id": "56cff567234ae51400d9c16f", "answers": [{"text": "500 million square feet", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many of the world's largest media conglomerates are also based in the city. Manhattan contained over 500 million square feet (46.5 million m2) of office space in 2015, making it the largest office market in the United States, while Midtown Manhattan, with nearly 400 million square feet (37.2 million m2) in 2015, is the largest central business district in the world."}], ["Sektor penting lain termasuk penyelidikan dan teknologi perubatan, institusi bukan keuntungan, dan universiti. Pembuatan akaun untuk bahagian pekerjaan yang signifikan tetapi menurun, walaupun industri pakaian bandar menunjukkan kebangkitan semula di Brooklyn. Pemprosesan makanan adalah industri bernilai AS $ 5 bilion yang mempekerjakan lebih dari 19,000 penduduk. <> Berapa ramai orang New York bekerja di bidang pemprosesan makanan? || 19,000 <> Berapakah pendapatan tahunan industri pemprosesan makanan? || US $ 5 bilion <> Dalam bidang apa pakaian perniagaan yang terkenal? || Brooklyn", {"qas": [{"question": "How many New Yorkers work in the food processing field?", "id": "56cf49d7aab44d1400b88f46", "answers": [{"text": "19,000", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the annual revenue of the food processing industry?", "id": "56cf49d7aab44d1400b88f47", "answers": [{"text": "US$5 billion", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what borough is the garment business prominent?", "id": "56cf49d7aab44d1400b88f48", "answers": [{"text": "Brooklyn", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Other important sectors include medical research and technology, non-profit institutions, and universities. Manufacturing accounts for a significant but declining share of employment, although the city's garment industry is showing a resurgence in Brooklyn. Food processing is a US$5 billion industry that employs more than 19,000 residents."}], ["I Love New York (stylized I \u2764 NY) adalah logo dan lagu yang menjadi asas kempen iklan dan telah digunakan sejak tahun 1977 untuk mempromosikan pelancongan di New York City, dan kemudian untuk mempromosikan New York State juga. Logo berdaftar yang dimiliki oleh New York State Empire State Development, muncul di kedai-kedai cenderamata dan risalah di seluruh bandar dan negeri, ada yang berlesen, banyak yang tidak. Lagu ini adalah lagu negeri New York. <> Apakah frasa bahasa Inggeris yang saya \u2764 NY mewakili? || I Love New York <> Bilakah saya \u2764 NY pertama kali menggunakan iklan? || 1977 <> Siapa yang memiliki cap dagang untuk saya \u2764 NY? || New York State Empire State Development <> Apakah lagu negara New York? || I Love New York <> I Love New York didirikan sebagai iklan pada tahun berapa? || 1977 <> Apakah lagu negara New York? || Saya suka New York", {"qas": [{"question": "What English phrase does I \u2764 NY represent?", "id": "56cf571faab44d1400b89069", "answers": [{"text": "I Love New York", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was I \u2764 NY first used in advertisements?", "id": "56cf571faab44d1400b8906a", "answers": [{"text": "1977", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who owns the trademark to I \u2764 NY?", "id": "56cf571faab44d1400b8906b", "answers": [{"text": "New York State Empire State Development", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the state song of New York?", "id": "56cf571faab44d1400b8906c", "answers": [{"text": "I Love New York", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "I Love New York was established as advertising in what year?", "id": "56cff6a7234ae51400d9c18d", "answers": [{"text": "1977", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the state song of New York?", "id": "56cff6a7234ae51400d9c18e", "answers": [{"text": "I Love New York", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "I Love New York (stylized I \u2764 NY) is both a logo and a song that are the basis of an advertising campaign and have been used since 1977 to promote tourism in New York City, and later to promote New York State as well. The trademarked logo, owned by New York State Empire State Development, appears in souvenir shops and brochures throughout the city and state, some licensed, many not. The song is the state song of New York."}], ["Pelancongan merupakan industri penting bagi New York City, yang telah menyaksikan peningkatan jumlah pelancong antarabangsa dan domestik - menerima kira-kira 51 juta pelancong pada 2011, 54 juta pada tahun 2013, dan rekod 56.4 juta pada tahun 2014. Pelancongan menjana semua masa tinggi US $ 61.3 bilion secara keseluruhan kesan ekonomi untuk New York City pada 2014. <> Berapa ramai pelancong melawat New York pada tahun 2011? || 51 juta <> Berapa ramai orang datang melawat New York pada tahun 2013? || 54 juta <> Berapakah jumlah rekod pelancong yang telah melawat New York dalam setahun? || 56.4 juta <> Berapa banyak wang buat pelancongan buat New York pada tahun 2014? || US $ 61.3 bilion <> Berapa ramai pelancong yang melawat NYC pada 2014 memecahkan rekod itu? || 56.4 juta <> Berapa ramai pelancong melawat NYC pada tahun 2013? || 54 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "How many tourists visited New York in 2011?", "id": "56cf56b2aab44d1400b89056", "answers": [{"text": "51 million", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people came to visit New York in 2013?", "id": "56cf56b2aab44d1400b89057", "answers": [{"text": "54 million", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the record number of tourists that have visited New York in a year?", "id": "56cf56b2aab44d1400b89058", "answers": [{"text": "56.4 million", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money did tourism create for New York in 2014?", "id": "56cf56b2aab44d1400b89059", "answers": [{"text": "US$61.3 billion", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many tourists that visited NYC in 2014 broke the record?", "id": "56cff665234ae51400d9c187", "answers": [{"text": "56.4 million", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many tourists visited NYC in 2013?", "id": "56cff665234ae51400d9c189", "answers": [{"text": "54 million", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Tourism is a vital industry for New York City, which has witnessed a growing combined volume of international and domestic tourists \u2013 receiving approximately 51 million tourists in 2011, 54 million in 2013, and a record 56.4 million in 2014. Tourism generated an all-time high US$61.3 billion in overall economic impact for New York City in 2014."}], ["Coklat adalah eksport makanan istimewa utama di New York City, dengan eksport bernilai AS $ 234 juta setiap tahun. Usahawan membentuk \"Daerah Coklat\" di Brooklyn pada tahun 2014, manakala Godiva, salah seorang chocolatiers terbesar di dunia, terus beribu pejabat di Manhattan. <> Berapa jumlah coklat dolar yang mengeksport New York setiap tahun? || US $ 234 juta <> Di manakah \"Daerah Chocolate\" terletak? || Brooklyn <> Dalam apa borough adalah berdasarkan Godiva? || Manhattan <> Apakah eksport makanan khas nombor satu New York? || Coklat <> Apakah jenis makanan yang eksport makanan terkemuka NYC? || Chocolate <> Yang mana satu pembuat coklat terbesar di dunia ditempatkan di Manhattan? || Godiva", {"qas": [{"question": "What dollar amount of chocolate does New York export annually?", "id": "56cf4a29aab44d1400b88f56", "answers": [{"text": "US$234 million", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the \"Chocolate District\" located?", "id": "56cf4a29aab44d1400b88f57", "answers": [{"text": "Brooklyn", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what borough is Godiva based?", "id": "56cf4a29aab44d1400b88f58", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the number one specialty food export of New York?", "id": "56cf4a29aab44d1400b88f59", "answers": [{"text": "Chocolate", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of food is NYC's leading food export?", "id": "56cff221234ae51400d9c13f", "answers": [{"text": "Chocolate", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which one of the world's largest chocolate makers is stationed in Manhattan?", "id": "56cff221234ae51400d9c140", "answers": [{"text": "Godiva", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chocolate is New York City's leading specialty-food export, with up to US$234 million worth of exports each year. Entrepreneurs were forming a \"Chocolate District\" in Brooklyn as of 2014, while Godiva, one of the world's largest chocolatiers, continues to be headquartered in Manhattan."}], ["Sehingga 2013, agensi pengiklanan global Omnicom Group dan Interpublic Group, yang berpangkalan di Manhattan, telah menggabungkan pendapatan tahunan kira-kira AS $ 21 bilion, mencerminkan peranan New York City sebagai pusat global untuk industri pengiklanan, yang secara metafizikal dirujuk ke sebagai \"Madison Avenue\". Industri fesyen bandar menyediakan kira-kira 180,000 pekerja dengan gaji tahunan $ 11 bilion. <> Apakah nama pengiklanan industri pengiklanan di New York? || Madison Avenue <> Berapa banyak orang yang bekerja di industri fesyen New York? || 180,000 <> Berapa kos per tahun untuk membayar pekerja di industri fesyen New York? || $ 11 bilion <> Dengan Interpublic Group, syarikat apa yang mempunyai pendapatan tahunan gabungan kira-kira US $ 21 bilion? || Omnicom Group <> Industri fesyen NYC menggunakan berapa orang? || 180,000 <> Dua agensi pengiklanan tertinggi di dunia yang terletak di NYC dipanggil apa? || Kumpulan Omnicom dan Kumpulan Interpublic", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the popular name of New York's advertising industry?", "id": "56cf48a3aab44d1400b88f2e", "answers": [{"text": "Madison Avenue", "answer_start": 295}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many people work in the New York fashion industry?", "id": "56cf48a3aab44d1400b88f2f", "answers": [{"text": "180,000", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how much does it cost per year to pay workers in the New York fashion industry?", "id": "56cf48a3aab44d1400b88f30", "answers": [{"text": "$11 billion", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With Interpublic Group, what company has a combined annual revenue of roughly US$21 billion?", "id": "56cf48a3aab44d1400b88f31", "answers": [{"text": "Omnicom Group", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "NYC's fashion industry employs how many people?", "id": "56cff1bb234ae51400d9c137", "answers": [{"text": "180,000", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Two highest advertising agencies in the world located in NYC are called what?", "id": "56cff1bb234ae51400d9c138", "answers": [{"text": "Omnicom Group and Interpublic Group", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As of 2013, the global advertising agencies of Omnicom Group and Interpublic Group, both based in Manhattan, had combined annual revenues of approximately US$21 billion, reflecting New York City's role as the top global center for the advertising industry, which is metonymously referred to as \"Madison Avenue\". The city's fashion industry provides approximately 180,000 employees with $11 billion in annual wages."}], ["Sektor ekonomi paling penting di New York City terletak dalam peranannya sebagai ibu pejabat untuk industri kewangan A.S., tanpa nama dikenali sebagai Wall Street. Industri sekuriti di bandar, yang mencatatkan 163,400 pekerjaan pada Ogos 2013, terus membentuk segmen terbesar sektor kewangan bandar dan enjin ekonomi penting, yang menyumbang pada tahun 2012 untuk 5 peratus daripada pekerjaan sektor swasta di bandar ini, 8.5 peratus (US $ 3.8 bilion) pendapatan cukai, dan 22 peratus daripada jumlah upah kota, termasuk gaji purata US $ 360,700. Banyak syarikat kewangan besar yang beribu pejabat di New York City, dan bandar ini juga menjadi rumah kepada syarikat permulaan kewangan yang berkembang. <> Sehingga 2013, berapa orang yang bekerja untuk perniagaan sekuriti di New York? || 163,400 <> Berapakah peratusan pekerjaan sektor swasta New York dalam industri sekuriti? || 5 <> Berapakah jumlah hasil cukai yang dihasilkan oleh industri sekuriti? || US $ 3.8 bilion <> Apa pendapatan purata dalam industri sekuriti New York? || US $ 360,700 <> Berapakah peratusan gaji bandar yang diberikan oleh industri sekuriti? || 22 <> 22 Peratusan jumlah upah NYC adalah dari industri apa? || Sekuriti bandar", {"qas": [{"question": "As of 2013, how many people worked for a securities business in New York?", "id": "56cf4ed5aab44d1400b88fa2", "answers": [{"text": "163,400", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of New York private sector jobs are in the securities industry?", "id": "56cf4ed5aab44d1400b88fa3", "answers": [{"text": "5", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much tax revenue does the securities industry generate?", "id": "56cf4ed5aab44d1400b88fa4", "answers": [{"text": "US$3.8 billion", "answer_start": 408}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average income in the New York securities industry?", "id": "56cf4ed5aab44d1400b88fa5", "answers": [{"text": "US$360,700", "answer_start": 517}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the city's wages does the securities industry provide?", "id": "56cf4ed5aab44d1400b88fa6", "answers": [{"text": "22", "answer_start": 448}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "22 Percent of NYC's total wages are from what industry?", "id": "56cff29a234ae51400d9c149", "answers": [{"text": "The city's securities", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City's most important economic sector lies in its role as the headquarters for the U.S.financial industry, metonymously known as Wall Street. The city's securities industry, enumerating 163,400 jobs in August 2013, continues to form the largest segment of the city's financial sector and an important economic engine, accounting in 2012 for 5 percent of the city's private sector jobs, 8.5 percent (US$3.8 billion) of its tax revenue, and 22 percent of the city's total wages, including an average salary of US$360,700. Many large financial companies are headquartered in New York City, and the city is also home to a burgeoning number of financial startup companies."}], ["Sektor bioteknologi juga berkembang di New York City, berdasarkan kekuatan bandar dalam penyelidikan saintifik akademik dan sokongan kewangan awam dan komersial. Pada 19 Disember 2011, Datuk Bandar Michael R. Bloomberg mengumumkan pilihannya Cornell University dan Technion-Israel Institute of Technology untuk membina sebuah sekolah sarjana sains sains bernilai US $ 2 bilion yang dipanggil Cornell Tech di Roosevelt Island dengan tujuan mengubah New York City ke dalam modal teknologi utama di dunia. Menjelang pertengahan 2014, Accelerator, sebuah firma pelaburan bioteknologi, telah menaikkan lebih daripada AS $ 30 juta daripada pelabur, termasuk Eli Lilly dan Syarikat, Pfizer, dan Johnson & Johnson, untuk pembiayaan awal untuk mencipta permulaan bioteknologi di Alexandria Center for Life Science, yang merangkumi lebih daripada 700,000 kaki persegi (65,000 m2) di East 29th Street dan menggalakkan kerjasama antara saintis dan usahawan di pusat dan dengan institusi akademik, perubatan, dan penyelidikan yang berdekatan. Mitra Inisiatif Pembiayaan Sains Awal dan Pembangunan Modal Corporation New York City Economic Development Corporation, termasuk Celgene, General Electric Ventures, dan Eli Lilly, melakukan minimal US $ 100 juta untuk membantu melancarkan 15 hingga 20 usaha dalam sains hayat dan bioteknologi. <> Bersama dengan Cornell University, institusi apa yang terlibat dalam pembinaan Cornell Tech? || Technion-Israel Institute of Technology <> Apakah kos untuk membina Cornell Tech? || US $ 2 bilion <> Di pulau mana yang terletak Cornell Tech? || Pulau Roosevelt <> Berapa banyak modal yang dilakukan Pemecut pada pertengahan tahun 2014? || US $ 30 juta <> Seberapa besar Pusat Ilmu Kehidupan Alexandria dalam meter persegi? || 65,000 <> Pada tahun 2011, sekolah apa yang dibina di Pulau Roosevelt? || Cornell Tech", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Cornell University, what institution is involved in the building of Cornell Tech?", "id": "56cf566aaab44d1400b89042", "answers": [{"text": "Technion-Israel Institute of Technology", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the cost to build Cornell Tech?", "id": "56cf566aaab44d1400b89043", "answers": [{"text": "US$2 billion", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what island is Cornell Tech located?", "id": "56cf566aaab44d1400b89044", "answers": [{"text": "Roosevelt Island", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how much capital did Accelerator raise as of the middle of 2014?", "id": "56cf566aaab44d1400b89045", "answers": [{"text": "US$30 million", "answer_start": 571}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How large is the Alexandria Center for Life Science in square meters?", "id": "56cf566aaab44d1400b89046", "answers": [{"text": "65,000", "answer_start": 810}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2011, what school was built on Roosevelt Island?", "id": "56cff61d234ae51400d9c17f", "answers": [{"text": "Cornell Tech", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The biotechnology sector is also growing in New York City, based upon the city's strength in academic scientific research and public and commercial financial support. On December 19, 2011, then Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced his choice of Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to build a US$2 billion graduate school of applied sciences called Cornell Tech on Roosevelt Island with the goal of transforming New York City into the world's premier technology capital. By mid-2014, Accelerator, a biotech investment firm, had raised more than US$30 million from investors, including Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer, and Johnson & Johnson, for initial funding to create biotechnology startups at the Alexandria Center for Life Science, which encompasses more than 700,000 square feet (65,000 m2) on East 29th Street and promotes collaboration among scientists and entrepreneurs at the center and with nearby academic, medical, and research institutions. The New York City Economic Development Corporation's Early Stage Life Sciences Funding Initiative and venture capital partners, including Celgene, General Electric Ventures, and Eli Lilly, committed a minimum of US$100 million to help launch 15 to 20 ventures in life sciences and biotechnology."}], ["Silicon Alley, yang berpusat di Manhattan, telah berkembang menjadi satu nama untuk sfera yang merangkumi industri teknologi tinggi rantau metropolitan New York City yang melibatkan Internet, media baru, telekomunikasi, media digital, pembangunan perisian, bioteknologi, reka bentuk permainan, teknologi kewangan (\"fintech \"), dan bidang lain dalam teknologi maklumat yang disokong oleh ekosistem keusahawanan dan pelaburan modal teroka. Pada separuh pertama 2015, Silicon Alley menjana pelaburan modal teroka lebih US $ 3.7 bilion merentasi spektrum perusahaan teknologi tinggi yang paling berpusat di Manhattan, dengan yang lain di Brooklyn, Queens, dan di tempat lain di rantau ini. Syarikat permulaan dan pekerjaan permulaan teknologi tinggi berkembang di New York City dan rantau ini, disokong oleh kedudukan bandaraya di Amerika Utara sebagai hab Internet dan pusat telekomunikasi terkemuka, termasuk kawasannya untuk beberapa garisan optik serat transatlantik, modal intelektual New York, dan sambungan luaran tanpa wayar yang meluas. Verizon Communications, yang beribu pejabat di 140 West Street di Lower Manhattan, berada pada peringkat akhir pada tahun 2014 untuk melengkapkan peningkatan telekomunikasi fiberoptik US $ 3 bilion di seluruh New York City. Sehingga 2014, New York City menjadi tuan rumah kepada 300,000 pekerja dalam sektor teknologi. <> Di mana borough adalah Silicon Alley terletak? || Manhattan <> Apakah alamat jalan ibu pejabat Verizon Communciations? || 140 West Street <> Berapa banyak yang dibelanjakan oleh Verizon ke atas peningkatan optik di New York City? || US $ 3 bilion <> Berapa banyak pekerjaan sektor teknologi di New York City? || 300,000 <> Sektor teknologi kerja di NYC mempunyai berapa pekerja dalam perkhidmatannya? || 300,000", {"qas": [{"question": "In what borough is Silicon Alley located?", "id": "56cf55aeaab44d1400b89030", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the street address of the headquarters of Verizon Communciations?", "id": "56cf55aeaab44d1400b89031", "answers": [{"text": "140 West Street", "answer_start": 1090}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did Verizon spend on fiber optic upgrades in New York City?", "id": "56cf55aeaab44d1400b89032", "answers": [{"text": "US$3 billion", "answer_start": 1174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Approximately how many tech sector jobs are in New York City?", "id": "56cf55aeaab44d1400b89033", "answers": [{"text": "300,000", "answer_start": 1284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The technology sector of work in NYC has how many employees in its service?", "id": "56cff593234ae51400d9c171", "answers": [{"text": "300,000", "answer_start": 1284}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Silicon Alley, centered in Manhattan, has evolved into a metonym for the sphere encompassing the New York City metropolitan region's high technology industries involving the Internet, new media, telecommunications, digital media, software development, biotechnology, game design, financial technology (\"fintech\"), and other fields within information technology that are supported by its entrepreneurship ecosystem and venture capital investments. In the first half of 2015, Silicon Alley generated over US$3.7 billion in venture capital investment across a broad spectrum of high technology enterprises, most based in Manhattan, with others in Brooklyn, Queens, and elsewhere in the region. High technology startup companies and employment are growing in New York City and the region, bolstered by the city's position in North America as the leading Internet hub and telecommunications center, including its vicinity to several transatlantic fiber optic trunk lines, New York's intellectual capital, and its extensive outdoor wireless connectivity. Verizon Communications, headquartered at 140 West Street in Lower Manhattan, was at the final stages in 2014 of completing a US$3 billion fiberoptic telecommunications upgrade throughout New York City. As of 2014, New York City hosted 300,000 employees in the tech sector."}], ["Lower Manhattan adalah daerah perniagaan pusat ketiga terbesar di Amerika Syarikat dan merupakan rumah kepada New York Stock Exchange, di Wall Street, dan NASDAQ, di 165 Broadway, yang mewakili bursa saham terbesar dan kedua terbesar di dunia, ketika diukur kedua-dua jumlah perdagangan harian purata keseluruhan dan jumlah permodalan pasaran syarikat tersenarai pada tahun 2013. Yuran perbankan pelaburan di Wall Street berjumlah kira-kira $ 40 bilion pada tahun 2012, manakala pada tahun 2013, pegawai bank di New York City yang menguruskan fungsi risiko dan pematuhan yang diperolehi sebanyak $ 324,000 setiap tahun. Pada tahun fiskal 2013-14, industri sekuriti Wall Street menjana 19% daripada hasil cukai Negeri New York. New York City kekal sebagai pusat global terbesar untuk berdagang dalam pasaran ekuiti awam dan modal hutang, didorong oleh saiz dan perkembangan kewangan ekonomi AS. 31-32 Pada bulan Julai 2013, NYSE Euronext, pengendali New York Stock Pertukaran, mengambil alih pentadbiran kadar antara bank London yang ditawarkan oleh Persatuan Bank-bank British. New York juga mengetuai pengurusan dana lindung nilai; ekuiti swasta; dan jumlah penggabungan dan pengambilalihan kewangan. Beberapa bank pelaburan dan pelabur pelaburan yang beribu pejabat di Manhattan adalah peserta yang penting di pusat kewangan global yang lain. 34-35 New York juga merupakan pusat perbankan komersil utama Amerika Syarikat. <> Di jalan apakah yang beribu pejabat di Bursa Saham New York? || Wall Street <> Apakah alamat jalan NASDAQ? || 165 Broadway <> Pada tahun 2012, berapa banyak yuran perbankan pelaburan yang telah dibayar kepada Wall Street? || $ 40 bilion <> Pada tahun 2013-4, berapa peratusan cukai negeri New York yang diperoleh daripada perniagaan sekuriti di Wall Street? || 19% <> Siapa pengawalseliaan terdahulu antara bank London yang ditawarkan? || Persatuan Peminjam British <> Bursa Saham New York terletak di mana di NYC? || Wall Street <> NASDAQ terletak di jalan mana di NYC? || 165 Broadway", {"qas": [{"question": "On what street is the New York Stock Exchange headquartered?", "id": "56cf5478aab44d1400b88ffc", "answers": [{"text": "Wall Street", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the street address of NASDAQ?", "id": "56cf5478aab44d1400b88ffd", "answers": [{"text": "165 Broadway", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2012, how many investment banking fees were paid out to Wall Street?", "id": "56cf5478aab44d1400b88ffe", "answers": [{"text": "$40 billion", "answer_start": 450}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2013-4, what percentage of New York state tax revenues came from the securities business on Wall Street?", "id": "56cf5478aab44d1400b88fff", "answers": [{"text": "19%", "answer_start": 667}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the previous overseer of the London interbank offered rate?", "id": "56cf5478aab44d1400b89000", "answers": [{"text": "British Bankers Association", "answer_start": 1036}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The New York Stock exchange is located where in NYC?", "id": "56cff54e234ae51400d9c16a", "answers": [{"text": "Wall Street", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The NASDAQ is located on what street in NYC?", "id": "56cff54e234ae51400d9c16b", "answers": [{"text": "165 Broadway", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Lower Manhattan is the third-largest central business district in the United States and is home to the New York Stock Exchange, on Wall Street, and the NASDAQ, at 165 Broadway, representing the world's largest and second largest stock exchanges, respectively, when measured both by overall average daily trading volume and by total market capitalization of their listed companies in 2013. Investment banking fees on Wall Street totaled approximately $40 billion in 2012, while in 2013, senior New York City bank officers who manage risk and compliance functions earned as much as $324,000 annually. In fiscal year 2013\u201314, Wall Street's securities industry generated 19% of New York State's tax revenue. New York City remains the largest global center for trading in public equity and debt capital markets, driven in part by the size and financial development of the U.S. economy.:31\u201332 In July 2013, NYSE Euronext, the operator of the New York Stock Exchange, took over the administration of the London interbank offered rate from the British Bankers Association. New York also leads in hedge fund management; private equity; and the monetary volume of mergers and acquisitions. Several investment banks and investment mangers headquartered in Manhattan are important participants in other global financial centers.:34\u201335 New York is also the principal commercial banking center of the United States."}], ["Pusat Sekolah Piagam Sekolah New York membantu persediaan sekolah piagam baru. Terdapat kira-kira 900 sekolah swasta tambahan yang dikendalikan oleh swasta di bandar raya ini. <> Apakah institusi bantuan dalam penciptaan sekolah piagam di New York? || Pusat Sekolah Piagam Bandar New York <> Berapa banyak sekolah swasta yang ada di New York? || 900", {"qas": [{"question": "What institution aids in the creation of charter schools in New York?", "id": "56cfb0d5234ae51400d9be81", "answers": [{"text": "New York City Charter School Center", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many private schools does New York have?", "id": "56cfb0d5234ae51400d9be82", "answers": [{"text": "900", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The New York City Charter School Center assists the setup of new charter schools. There are approximately 900 additional privately run secular and religious schools in the city."}], ["Industri televisyen yang dibangunkan di New York dan merupakan majikan penting dalam ekonomi bandaraya. Tiga rangkaian siaran utama Amerika semuanya beribu pejabat di New York: ABC, CBS, dan NBC. Banyak rangkaian kabel yang berpusat di bandar juga, termasuk MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Rangkaian Makanan, AMC, dan Comedy Central. Bandar Raya New York mengendalikan perkhidmatan penyiaran awam, NYCTV, yang menghasilkan beberapa pertunjukan memenangi Anugerah Emmy yang merangkumi muzik dan budaya di kawasan kejiranan bandar dan kerajaan bandar. <> Bersama ABC dan NBC, apa penyiar utama lain yang berpusat di New York? || CBS <> Apakah nama perkhidmatan televisyen awam di bandar ini? || NYCTV <> Apa saluran komedi di televisyen kabel beribu pejabat di New York? || Comedy Central <> Apakah saluran berita kabel yang berpusat di New York? || Fox News", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with ABC and NBC, what other major broadcaster is based in New York?", "id": "56cfafaf234ae51400d9be67", "answers": [{"text": "CBS", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the city's public television service?", "id": "56cfafaf234ae51400d9be68", "answers": [{"text": "NYCTV", "answer_start": 392}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What comedy channel on cable television is headquartered in New York?", "id": "56cfafaf234ae51400d9be69", "answers": [{"text": "Comedy Central", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What cable news channel is based in New York?", "id": "56cfafaf234ae51400d9be6a", "answers": [{"text": "Fox News", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government."}], ["Sistem Sekolah Awam Bandar Raya New York, yang dikelola oleh Jabatan Pendidikan Kota New York, adalah sistem sekolah awam terbesar di Amerika Syarikat, yang melayani sekitar 1.1 juta pelajar di lebih daripada 1,700 sekolah rendah dan menengah berasingan. Sistem sekolah awam di bandar ini merangkumi sembilan sekolah tinggi yang khusus untuk memberi perkhidmatan kepada pelajar yang berbakat secara akademik dan kreatif. <> Apa jabatan bandar yang menjalankan sistem sekolah awam? || Jabatan Pelajaran New York City <> Berapa banyak pelajar di sekolah awam New York City? || 1.1 juta <> Berapa banyak sekolah awam di New York City? || 1,700 <> Berapa banyak sekolah tinggi untuk pelajar berbakat yang ada di New York City? || sembilan <> Berapa ramai pelajar yang kerap menghadiri sekolah di NYC? || 1.1 juta <> Berapa banyak sekolah tinggi khusus di NYC? || sembilan", {"qas": [{"question": "What city department runs the public school system?", "id": "56cfb0ab234ae51400d9be79", "answers": [{"text": "New York City Department of Education", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many students are in New York City public schools?", "id": "56cfb0ab234ae51400d9be7a", "answers": [{"text": "1.1 million", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many public schools are there in New York City?", "id": "56cfb0ab234ae51400d9be7b", "answers": [{"text": "1,700", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many high schools for gifted students does New York City have?", "id": "56cfb0ab234ae51400d9be7c", "answers": [{"text": "nine", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many students regularly attend schools in NYC?", "id": "56cffc18234ae51400d9c1f9", "answers": [{"text": "1.1 million", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many highschools are specialized in NYC?", "id": "56cffc18234ae51400d9c1fb", "answers": [{"text": "nine", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The New York City Public Schools system, managed by the New York City Department of Education, is the largest public school system in the United States, serving about 1.1 million students in more than 1,700 separate primary and secondary schools. The city's public school system includes nine specialized high schools to serve academically and artistically gifted students."}], ["New York juga merupakan pusat utama bagi media pendidikan bukan komersial. Saluran televisyen akses tertua di Amerika Syarikat ialah Rangkaian Kejiranan Manhattan, yang ditubuhkan pada tahun 1971. WNET adalah stesen televisyen utama di bandar dan merupakan sumber utama program televisyen Penyiaran Awam Kebangsaan (PBS). WNYC, sebuah stesen radio awam yang dimiliki oleh bandaraya itu sehingga 1997, mempunyai penonton radio awam terbesar di Amerika Syarikat. <> Apakah nama saluran TV akses awam pertama di negara ini? || Rangkaian Kejiranan Manhattan <> Pada tahun apakah Rangkaian Kejiranan Manhattan bermula? || 1971 <> Apakah stesen televisyen awam utama di New York? || WNET <> Apakah stesen radio awam terbesar di AS oleh saiz khalayak? || WNYC <> Dalam tahun apakah bandar tersebut telah kehilangan WNYC? || 1997 <> Saluran TV menilai awam yang pernah ada di AS paling lama? || Rangkaian Kejiranan Manhattan <> Bilakah Rangkaian Kejiranan Manhattan dibuat? || 1971 <> Stesen radio awam terbesar oleh pendengar adalah apa di New York? || WNYC", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the first public-access TV channel in the country?", "id": "56cfb021234ae51400d9be6f", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan Neighborhood Network", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Manhattan Neighborhood Network begin?", "id": "56cfb021234ae51400d9be70", "answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the primary public television station in New York?", "id": "56cfb021234ae51400d9be71", "answers": [{"text": "WNET", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the largest public radio station in the US by audience size?", "id": "56cfb021234ae51400d9be72", "answers": [{"text": "WNYC", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the city cease to own WNYC?", "id": "56cfb021234ae51400d9be73", "answers": [{"text": "1997", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The public-assess TV channel that has been around the longest in the US in what?", "id": "56cffbdd234ae51400d9c1f3", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan Neighborhood Network", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Manhattan Neighborhood Network created?", "id": "56cffbdd234ae51400d9c1f4", "answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The largest public radio station by listeners is what in New York?", "id": "56cffbdd234ae51400d9c1f5", "answers": [{"text": "WNYC", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York is also a major center for non-commercial educational media. The oldest public-access television channel in the United States is the Manhattan Neighborhood Network, founded in 1971. WNET is the city's major public television station and a primary source of national Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television programming. WNYC, a public radio station owned by the city until 1997, has the largest public radio audience in the United States."}], ["Manhattan berada di landasan untuk menganggarkan 90,000 bilik hotel pada akhir tahun 2014, peningkatan sebanyak 10% dari tahun 2013. Pada bulan Oktober 2014, Anbang Insurance Group, yang berpangkalan di China, membeli Waldorf Astoria New York untuk US $ 1.95 bilion, menjadikannya hotel paling mahal di dunia yang pernah dijual. <> Berapa banyak bilik hotel di Manhattan? || 90,000 <> Apa peratusan peningkatan bilik hotel Manhattan antara 2013 dan 2014? || 10% <> Siapa yang memiliki Waldorf Astoria? || Kumpulan Insurans Anbang <> Apakah harga pembelian Oktober 2014 dari Waldorf Astoria? || US $ 1.95 bilion <> Hotel yang dijual paling banyak pada tahun 2014 adalah di NYC? || Waldorf Astoria New York <> Berapa banyak bilik hotel yang terletak di NYC pada akhir tahun 2014? || 90,000 <> Siapa yang membeli hotel Waldorf Astoria di NYC pada tahun 2014? || Kumpulan Insurans Anbang <> Hotel Waldorf Astoria dijual dengan berapa banyak dolar? || 1.95 bilion", {"qas": [{"question": "About how many hotel rooms are there in Manhattan?", "id": "56cf57c2aab44d1400b89093", "answers": [{"text": "90,000", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the percentage increase of Manhattan hotel rooms between 2013 and 2014?", "id": "56cf57c2aab44d1400b89094", "answers": [{"text": "10%", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who owns the Waldorf Astoria?", "id": "56cf57c2aab44d1400b89095", "answers": [{"text": "Anbang Insurance Group", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the October 2014 purchase price of the Waldorf Astoria?", "id": "56cf57c2aab44d1400b89096", "answers": [{"text": "US$1.95 billion", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The hotel that sold for the most money in 2014 was which in NYC?", "id": "56cff757234ae51400d9c199", "answers": [{"text": "Waldorf Astoria New York", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many hotel rooms are located in NYC as of the end of 2014?", "id": "56cff757234ae51400d9c19a", "answers": [{"text": "90,000", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who bought the Waldorf Astoria hotel in NYC in 2014?", "id": "56cff757234ae51400d9c19b", "answers": [{"text": "Anbang Insurance Group", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Waldorf Astoria hotel sold for how many dollars?", "id": "56cff757234ae51400d9c19c", "answers": [{"text": "1.95 billion", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Manhattan was on track to have an estimated 90,000 hotel rooms at the end of 2014, a 10% increase from 2013. In October 2014, the Anbang Insurance Group, based in China, purchased the Waldorf Astoria New York for US$1.95 billion, making it the world's most expensive hotel ever sold."}], ["New York City juga merupakan pusat untuk iklan, muzik, akhbar, media digital dan industri penerbitan dan juga pasaran media terbesar di Amerika Utara. Beberapa konglomerat dan institusi media bandar termasuk Time Warner, Thomson Reuters Corporation, Associated Press, Bloomberg L.P, Perbadanan Berita, The New York Times Company, NBCUniversal, Hearst Corporation, AOL, dan Viacom. Tujuh daripada rangkaian agensi pengiklanan global lapan di dunia mempunyai ibu pejabat mereka di New York. Dua daripada tiga markah label utama ialah di New York: Sony Music Entertainment dan Warner Music Group. Universal Music Group juga mempunyai pejabat di New York. Perusahaan media baru menyumbang komponen yang semakin penting kepada peranan pusat bandar dalam bidang media. <> Bersama dengan Kumpulan Muzik Warner, apakah label teratas tiga rakaman yang berpusat di New York City? || Sony Music Entertainment <> Apa bandar terbesar di pasaran media Amerika Utara? || New York City <> Daripada lapan agensi rangkaian pengiklanan di dunia, berapa yang berpangkalan di New York? || Tujuh", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Warner Music Group, what top three record label is based in New York City?", "id": "56cfacff234ae51400d9be57", "answers": [{"text": "Sony Music Entertainment", "answer_start": 596}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city is North America's biggest media market?", "id": "56cfacff234ae51400d9be58", "answers": [{"text": "New York City", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Out of the top eight advertising agency networks in the world, how many are based in New York?", "id": "56cfacff234ae51400d9be59", "answers": [{"text": "Seven", "answer_start": 427}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City is additionally a center for the advertising, music, newspaper, digital media, and publishing industries and is also the largest media market in North America. Some of the city's media conglomerates and institutions include Time Warner, the Thomson Reuters Corporation, the Associated Press, Bloomberg L.P., the News Corporation, The New York Times Company, NBCUniversal, the Hearst Corporation, AOL, and Viacom. Seven of the world's top eight global advertising agency networks have their headquarters in New York. Two of the top three record labels' headquarters are in New York: Sony Music Entertainment and Warner Music Group. Universal Music Group also has offices in New York. New media enterprises are contributing an increasingly important component to the city's central role in the media sphere."}], ["New York adalah lokasi yang menonjol untuk industri hiburan Amerika, dengan banyak filem, siri televisyen, buku, dan media lain yang ditetapkan di sana. Sehingga tahun 2012, New York City merupakan pusat kedua terbesar untuk pembuatan filem dan televisyen di Amerika Syarikat, menghasilkan kira-kira 200 filem ciri setiap tahun, menggunakan 130,000 individu, dan menjana anggaran $ 7.1 bilion dalam perbelanjaan langsung, dan dengan jumlahnya, New York adalah pemimpin dunia dalam pengeluaran filem bebas; satu pertiga daripada semua filem bebas Amerika dihasilkan di New York City. Persatuan Pengeluar Komersil Bebas juga berpusat di New York. Dalam tempoh lima bulan pertama tahun 2014 sahaja, penggambaran lokasi untuk juruterbang televisyen di New York City melebihi tahap pengeluaran rekod untuk semua tahun 2013, dengan New York melampaui Los Angeles sebagai bandar Amerika Utara yang paling atas untuk perbezaan yang sama semasa kitaran 2013/2014 . <> Kira-kira berapa banyak filem ciri yang dibuat di New York City setiap tahun? || 200 <> Berapa ramai warga New York yang bekerja dalam industri televisyen dan filem? || 130,000 <> Berapa banyak wang yang dihasilkan filem dan industri televisyen New York setiap tahun? || $ 7.1 bilion <> Apa bandar Amerika Syarikat yang kedua paling popular untuk penggambaran lokasi episod perintis? || Los Angeles", {"qas": [{"question": "Approximately how many feature films are made in New York City every year?", "id": "56cfac79234ae51400d9be4f", "answers": [{"text": "200", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many New Yorkers work in the television and film industry?", "id": "56cfac79234ae51400d9be50", "answers": [{"text": "130,000", "answer_start": 323}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money does the New York film and television industry create every year?", "id": "56cfac79234ae51400d9be51", "answers": [{"text": "$7.1 billion", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What United States city is the second most popular for pilot episode location filming?", "id": "56cfac79234ae51400d9be52", "answers": [{"text": "Los Angeles", "answer_start": 815}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York is a prominent location for the American entertainment industry, with many films, television series, books, and other media being set there. As of 2012, New York City was the second largest center for filmmaking and television production in the United States, producing about 200 feature films annually, employing 130,000 individuals, and generating an estimated $7.1 billion in direct expenditures, and by volume, New York is the world leader in independent film production; one-third of all American independent films are produced in New York City. The Association of Independent Commercial Producers is also based in New York. In the first five months of 2014 alone, location filming for television pilots in New York City exceeded the record production levels for all of 2013, with New York surpassing Los Angeles as the top North American city for the same distinction during the 2013/2014 cycle."}], ["Destinasi pelancongan utama termasuk Times Square; Produksi teater Broadway; Bangunan Empayar Negeri; Patung Kebebasan; Pulau Ellis; Ibu Pejabat Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu; muzium seperti Muzium Seni Metropolitan; kawasan hijau seperti Central Park dan Washington Square Park; Rockefeller Center; Chinatown Manhattan; membeli-belah mewah di sepanjang Kelima dan Madison Avenues; dan acara-acara seperti Halloween Parade di Greenwich Village; Parade Hari Kesyukuran Macy; pencahayaan Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree; perbarisan Hari St Patrick; aktiviti bermusim seperti skating ais di Central Park pada musim sejuk; Festival Filem Tribeca; dan persembahan percuma di Central Park di Summerstage. Tarikan-tarikan utama di bandar-bandar di luar Manhattan termasuk Flushing Meadows-Corona Park dan Unisphere di Queens; Zoo Bronx; Coney Island, Brooklyn; dan New York Botanical Garden di Bronx. Roda New York, roda ferris 630 kaki, sedang dalam pembinaan di utara utara Staten Island pada tahun 2015, menghadap ke Patung Liberty, New York Harbour, dan kaki langit Lower Manhattan. <> Dalam kejiranan apakah Parade Halloween berlaku? || Greenwich Village <> Apa syarikat menaja perarakan Hari Kesyukuran? || Macy's <> Di manakah lokasi pohon Natal yang dinyalakan setiap tahun? || Rockefeller Center <> Di mana di Central Park adalah persembahan yang ditawarkan tanpa sebarang kos? || Summerstage <> Dalam apa borough adalah Unisphere yang terletak? || Queens", {"qas": [{"question": "In what neighborhood does the Halloween Parade take place?", "id": "56cf578daab44d1400b89089", "answers": [{"text": "Greenwich Village", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company sponsors the Thanksgiving Day parade?", "id": "56cf578daab44d1400b8908a", "answers": [{"text": "Macy's", "answer_start": 445}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what location is a Christmas tree famously lit every year?", "id": "56cf578daab44d1400b8908b", "answers": [{"text": "Rockefeller Center", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where in Central Park are performances offered at no cost?", "id": "56cf578daab44d1400b8908c", "answers": [{"text": "Summerstage", "answer_start": 705}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what borough is the Unisphere located?", "id": "56cf578daab44d1400b8908d", "answers": [{"text": "Queens", "answer_start": 828}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Major tourist destinations include Times Square; Broadway theater productions; the Empire State Building; the Statue of Liberty; Ellis Island; the United Nations Headquarters; museums such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art; greenspaces such as Central Park and Washington Square Park; Rockefeller Center; the Manhattan Chinatown; luxury shopping along Fifth and Madison Avenues; and events such as the Halloween Parade in Greenwich Village; the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade; the lighting of the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree; the St. Patrick's Day parade; seasonal activities such as ice skating in Central Park in the wintertime; the Tribeca Film Festival; and free performances in Central Park at Summerstage. Major attractions in the boroughs outside Manhattan include Flushing Meadows-Corona Park and the Unisphere in Queens; the Bronx Zoo; Coney Island, Brooklyn; and the New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx. The New York Wheel, a 630-foot ferris wheel, was under construction at the northern shore of Staten Island in 2015, overlooking the Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor, and the Lower Manhattan skyline."}], ["Lebih 600,000 pelajar mendaftar di lebih daripada 120 institusi pengajian tinggi di New York City, yang paling banyak di mana-mana bandar di Amerika Syarikat, termasuk lebih setengah juta di sistem City University of New York (CUNY) sahaja pada tahun 2014. Pada tahun 2005, tiga keluar daripada lima penduduk Manhattan adalah graduan kolej, dan satu daripada empat mempunyai ijazah pascasiswazah, membentuk salah satu kepekatan tertinggi orang berpendidikan tinggi di mana-mana bandar Amerika. New York City adalah rumah kepada universiti swasta seperti Kolej Barnard, Universiti Columbia, Cooper Union, Universiti Fordham, Universiti New York, Institut Teknologi New York, Universiti Pace dan Universiti Yeshiva. Sistem CUNY awam adalah salah satu daripada universiti terbesar di negara ini, yang terdiri daripada 24 institusi di seluruh lima wilayah: kolej kanan, kolej komuniti, dan sekolah siswazah / profesional yang lain. Sistem State University of New York (SUNY) juga berfungsi di New York City, serta seluruh negara. Bandar ini juga mempunyai kolej dan universiti swasta yang lebih kecil, termasuk banyak institusi agama dan tujuan khusus, seperti Universiti St. John, Sekolah Juilliard, Kolej Manhattan, Kolej Gunung Saint Vincent, Sekolah Baru, Institut Pratt, Sekolah Seni Visual, The King's College, dan Kolej Wagner. <> Berapa banyak pelajar menghadiri sekolah di sistem City University of New York? || setengah juta <> Seberapa kecil penduduk Manhattan lulus dari kolej? || tiga daripada lima <> Seberapa kecil penduduk Manhattan mempunyai ijazah sarjana? || satu daripada empat <> The City University of New York sistem terdiri daripada berapa banyak institusi? || 24 <> Berapa ramai pelajar di New York mengambil bahagian dalam pendidikan tinggi? || 600,000", {"qas": [{"question": "About how many students attend schools in the City University of New York system?", "id": "56cfb1a2234ae51400d9be85", "answers": [{"text": "half million", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What fraction of Manhattan residents graduated from college?", "id": "56cfb1a2234ae51400d9be86", "answers": [{"text": "three out of five", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What fraction of Manhattan residents have graduate degrees?", "id": "56cfb1a2234ae51400d9be87", "answers": [{"text": "one out of four", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The City University of New York system consists of how many institutions?", "id": "56cfb1a2234ae51400d9be88", "answers": [{"text": "24", "answer_start": 761}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many students in New York partcipate in higher education?", "id": "56cfb1a2234ae51400d9be89", "answers": [{"text": "600,000", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Over 600,000 students are enrolled in New York City's over 120 higher education institutions, the highest number of any city in the United States, including over half million in the City University of New York (CUNY) system alone in 2014. In 2005, three out of five Manhattan residents were college graduates, and one out of four had a postgraduate degree, forming one of the highest concentrations of highly educated people in any American city. New York City is home to such notable private universities as Barnard College, Columbia University, Cooper Union, Fordham University, New York University, New York Institute of Technology, Pace University, and Yeshiva University. The public CUNY system is one of the largest universities in the nation, comprising 24 institutions across all five boroughs: senior colleges, community colleges, and other graduate/professional schools. The public State University of New York (SUNY) system also serves New York City, as well as the rest of the state. The city also has other smaller private colleges and universities, including many religious and special-purpose institutions, such as St. John's University, The Juilliard School, Manhattan College, The College of Mount Saint Vincent, The New School, Pratt Institute, The School of Visual Arts, The King's College, and Wagner College."}], ["Lebih daripada 200 akhbar dan 350 majalah pengguna mempunyai pejabat di bandar, dan industri penerbitan menggunakan kira-kira 25,000 orang. Dua daripada tiga akhbar harian kebangsaan di Amerika Syarikat adalah kertas New York: The Wall Street Journal dan The New York Times, yang telah memenangi Hadiah Pulitzer paling banyak untuk kewartawanan. Akhbar tabloid utama di bandar termasuk: The New York Daily News, yang ditubuhkan pada tahun 1919 oleh Joseph Medill Patterson dan The New York Post, yang diasaskan pada tahun 1801 oleh Alexander Hamilton. Bandar ini juga mempunyai akhbar etnik yang komprehensif, dengan 270 akhbar dan majalah yang diterbitkan dalam lebih daripada 40 bahasa. El Diario La Prensa adalah harian bahasa Sepanyol terbesar di New York dan yang tertua di dalam negara. The New York News Amsterdam, yang diterbitkan di Harlem, adalah akhbar Afrika Amerika yang terkemuka. Voice Village adalah akhbar alternatif terbesar. <> Berapa ramai orang yang bekerja dalam industri penerbitan New York? || 25,000 <> Yang akhbar yang berpangkalan di New York telah memenangi Hadiah Pulitzer untuk kewartawanan? || The New York Times <> Bersama dengan New York Times, apa akhbar harian nasional yang berpusat di New York? || The Wall Street Journal <> Apa tahun penubuhan New York Daily News? || 1919 <> Siapa pengasas New York Post? || Alexander Hamilton <> Berapa banyak pejabat surat khabar terletak di New York? || Lebih daripada 200 <> Berapa banyak majalah boleh menghubungi rumah NYC? || 350 <> Berapa banyak akhbar nasional dari ketiga-tiga mereka dari New York? || 2 <> Yang dua surat khabar kebangsaan terletak di New York? || The Wall Street Journal dan The New York Times <> Kapan Berita New York Daily ditubuhkan? || 1919", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people work in the New York publishing industry?", "id": "56cfad77234ae51400d9be5d", "answers": [{"text": "25,000", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which New York-based newspaper has won the Pulitzer Prize for journalism?", "id": "56cfad77234ae51400d9be5e", "answers": [{"text": "The New York Times", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the New York Times, what national daily newspaper is based in New York?", "id": "56cfad77234ae51400d9be5f", "answers": [{"text": "The Wall Street Journal", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the founding year of the New York Daily News?", "id": "56cfad77234ae51400d9be60", "answers": [{"text": "1919", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the founder of the New York Post?", "id": "56cfad77234ae51400d9be61", "answers": [{"text": "Alexander Hamilton", "answer_start": 491}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many newspaper offices are located in New York?", "id": "56cffb63234ae51400d9c1e5", "answers": [{"text": "More than 200", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many magazines can call NYC home?", "id": "56cffb63234ae51400d9c1e6", "answers": [{"text": "350", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many national newspapers out of the three are from New York?", "id": "56cffb63234ae51400d9c1e7", "answers": [{"text": "2", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two national newspapers are located in New York?", "id": "56cffb63234ae51400d9c1e8", "answers": [{"text": "The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the New York Daily News founded?", "id": "56cffb63234ae51400d9c1e9", "answers": [{"text": "1919", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "More than 200 newspapers and 350 consumer magazines have an office in the city, and the publishing industry employs about 25,000 people. Two of the three national daily newspapers in the United States are New York papers: The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, which has won the most Pulitzer Prizes for journalism. Major tabloid newspapers in the city include: The New York Daily News, which was founded in 1919 by Joseph Medill Patterson and The New York Post, founded in 1801 by Alexander Hamilton. The city also has a comprehensive ethnic press, with 270 newspapers and magazines published in more than 40 languages. El Diario La Prensa is New York's largest Spanish-language daily and the oldest in the nation. The New York Amsterdam News, published in Harlem, is a prominent African American newspaper. The Village Voice is the largest alternative newspaper."}], ["Jenayah terancang telah lama dikaitkan dengan New York City, bermula dengan Empat Puluh Pencuri dan Pengawal Roach di Lima Poin pada tahun 1820an. Abad ke-20 menyaksikan peningkatan dalam Mafia, didominasi oleh Lima Keluarga, serta dalam kumpulan, termasuk Black Spades. Kehadiran Mafia telah menurun di bandar pada abad ke-21. <> Kumpulan kejahatan utama pertama di NYC adalah pada tahun 1820 yang dikenali sebagai apa? || Empat Puluh Pencuri dan Pengawal Roach <> Kumpulan apa yang menguasai Mafia di New York pada abad ke-20? || Lima Keluarga <> Pencuri Forth dan Penjaga Roach adalah dua kumpulan yang beroperasi di kawasan New York pada tahun 1820an? || Lima Mata <> Apakah geng abad ke-20 yang terkenal di New York? || Spades Hitam", {"qas": [{"question": "The first major crime groups in NYC were in the 1820s known as what?", "id": "56cffe23234ae51400d9c22d", "answers": [{"text": "Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group controlled the Mafia in New York in the 20th century?", "id": "56d1070517492d1400aab778", "answers": [{"text": "the Five Families", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Forth Thieves and Roach Guards were two gangs that operated in what area of New York in the 1820s?", "id": "56d1070517492d1400aab779", "answers": [{"text": "the Five Points", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was a notable 20th century gang in New York?", "id": "56d1070517492d1400aab77a", "answers": [{"text": "the Black Spades", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Organized crime has long been associated with New York City, beginning with the Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards in the Five Points in the 1820s. The 20th century saw a rise in the Mafia, dominated by the Five Families, as well as in gangs, including the Black Spades. The Mafia presence has declined in the city in the 21st century."}], ["Jabatan Bomba New York menghadapi cabaran pemadam kebakaran yang pelbagai rupa dalam pelbagai cara yang unik untuk New York. Di samping menanggapi jenis bangunan yang terdiri daripada rumah keluarga tunggal untuk struktur bangunan tinggi, terdapat banyak jambatan dan terowong terpencil, serta taman-taman besar dan kawasan hutan yang dapat menimbulkan kebakaran berus. New York juga menjadi rumah kepada salah satu sistem kereta bawah tanah terbesar di dunia, yang terdiri daripada beratus batu terowong dengan landasan elektrik. <> New York adalah rumah kepada sistem pengangkutan terbesar di dunia? || sistem kereta bawah tanah <> Apakah jenis kebakaran yang boleh bermula di taman dan hutan? || kebakaran berus", {"qas": [{"question": "New York is home to what largest transportation system in the world?", "id": "56cfff2d234ae51400d9c237", "answers": [{"text": "subway systems", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What types of fires can start in parks and woodlands?", "id": "56d107ab17492d1400aab796", "answers": [{"text": "brush fires", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The New York City Fire Department faces highly multifaceted firefighting challenges in many ways unique to New York. In addition to responding to building types that range from wood-frame single family homes to high-rise structures, there are many secluded bridges and tunnels, as well as large parks and wooded areas that can give rise to brush fires. New York is also home to one of the largest subway systems in the world, consisting of hundreds of miles of tunnel with electrified track."}], ["Jabatan Polis New York (NYPD) telah menjadi pasukan polis terbesar di Amerika Syarikat dengan margin yang besar, dengan lebih daripada 35,000 pegawai yang diangkat. Ahli NYPD sering dirujuk oleh ahli politik, media, dan kereta polis mereka sendiri oleh nama samaran, New York's Finest. <> Kehadiran polis terbesar di Amerika Syarikat adalah NYPD dengan berapa banyak orang? || 35,000 <> pegawai NYPD mempunyai nama panggilan yang dikenali sebagai apa? || New York's Finest <> Apa maksud singkatan NYPD? || Jabatan Polis New York City <> Berapa banyak kerja polis untuk NYPD? || 35,000 <> Apa nama panggilan yang diberikan kepada pegawai Jabatan Polis Bandar Raya New York? || New York's Finest", {"qas": [{"question": "The largest police presence in the US is NYPD with how many people?", "id": "56cffd93234ae51400d9c221", "answers": [{"text": "35,000", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "NYPD officers have a nickname that is known as what?", "id": "56cffd93234ae51400d9c222", "answers": [{"text": "New York's Finest", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the acronym NYPD stand for?", "id": "56d1057217492d1400aab75c", "answers": [{"text": "New York City Police Department", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many police work for the NYPD?", "id": "56d1057217492d1400aab75d", "answers": [{"text": "35,000", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the nickname given to New York City Police Department officers?", "id": "56d1057217492d1400aab75e", "answers": [{"text": "New York's Finest", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The New York City Police Department (NYPD) has been the largest police force in the United States by a significant margin, with over 35,000 sworn officers. Members of the NYPD are frequently referred to by politicians, the media, and their own police cars by the nickname, New York's Finest."}], ["Perpustakaan Awam New York, yang mempunyai koleksi sistem perpustakaan awam terbesar di Amerika Syarikat, melayani Manhattan, Bronx, dan Staten Island. Queens diselenggarakan oleh Perpustakaan Awam Queens Borough, sistem perpustakaan awam kedua terbesar negara, sementara Perpustakaan Awam Brooklyn menghidangkan Brooklyn. <> Apa perpustakaan terbesar di Amerika Syarikat? || Perpustakaan Awam New York <> Apakah perpustakaan kedua terbesar di AS? || Perpustakaan Awam Queens Borough <> Apakah nama sistem perpustakaan di Queens? || Perpustakaan Awam Queens Borough <> Apakah sistem perpustakaan awam Brooklyn dipanggil? || Perpustakaan Awam Brooklyn <> Bersama dengan Pulau Staten dan Bronx, apa yang dibina oleh Perpustakaan Awam New York? || Manhattan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the largest library in the United States?", "id": "56cffcb0234ae51400d9c208", "answers": [{"text": "The New York Public Library", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the second largest library in the US?", "id": "56cffcb0234ae51400d9c209", "answers": [{"text": "Queens Borough Public Library", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the library system in Queens?", "id": "56d103ff17492d1400aab728", "answers": [{"text": "Queens Borough Public Library", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Brooklyn's public library system called?", "id": "56d103ff17492d1400aab729", "answers": [{"text": "Brooklyn Public Library", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Staten Island and the Bronx, what borough is served by the New York Public Library?", "id": "56d103ff17492d1400aab72a", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The New York Public Library, which has the largest collection of any public library system in the United States, serves Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island. Queens is served by the Queens Borough Public Library, the nation's second largest public library system, while the Brooklyn Public Library serves Brooklyn."}], ["Banyak pergerakan kebudayaan Amerika yang utama bermula di bandar, seperti Harlem Renaissance, yang menubuhkan kanon sastera Afrika-Amerika di Amerika Syarikat. Bandar ini merupakan pusat jazz pada tahun 1940-an, ekspresiisme abstrak pada tahun 1950-an, dan tempat kelahiran hip hop pada tahun 1970-an. Pemandangan punk dan tegar di bandar itu berpengaruh pada tahun 1970-an dan 1980-an. New York telah lama mempunyai pemandangan yang berkembang untuk kesusasteraan Yahudi Amerika. <> Jazz menjadi popular ketika dekad di NYC? || 1940-an <> Yang mana dekad yang hip hop mula muncul di NYC? || 1970-an <> Apakah nama perkembangan kebudayaan yang menentukan kanon sastera hitam Amerika? || Harlem Renaissance <> Apa gaya muzik yang terkenal di New York pada tahun 1940-an? || jazz <> Apa gaya seni yang menonjol di New York pada tahun 1950-an? || abstrak expressionism <> Apa nama gaya muzik baru yang muncul dari New York pada tahun 1970-an? || hip hop", {"qas": [{"question": "Jazz became popular during which decade in NYC?", "id": "56cfffb0234ae51400d9c23f", "answers": [{"text": "1940s", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which decade did hip hop start to surface in NYC?", "id": "56cfffb0234ae51400d9c240", "answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the cultural development that defined the black American literary canon?", "id": "56d108f917492d1400aab7b4", "answers": [{"text": "the Harlem Renaissance", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What musical style was prominent in New York in the 1940s?", "id": "56d108f917492d1400aab7b5", "answers": [{"text": "jazz", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What artistic style was prominent in New York in the 1950s?", "id": "56d108f917492d1400aab7b6", "answers": [{"text": "abstract expressionism", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the new musical style that emerged from New York in the 1970s?", "id": "56d108f917492d1400aab7b7", "answers": [{"text": "hip hop", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Numerous major American cultural movements began in the city, such as the Harlem Renaissance, which established the African-American literary canon in the United States. The city was a center of jazz in the 1940s, abstract expressionism in the 1950s, and the birthplace of hip hop in the 1970s. The city's punk and hardcore scenes were influential in the 1970s and 1980s. New York has long had a flourishing scene for Jewish American literature."}], ["Hospital yang paling terkenal dalam sistem HHC ialah Hospital Bellevue, hospital awam tertua di Amerika Syarikat. Bellevue adalah hospital yang ditetapkan untuk rawatan Presiden Amerika Syarikat dan pemimpin dunia lain jika mereka sakit atau cedera semasa di New York City. Presiden HHC ialah Ramanathan Raju, MD, seorang pakar bedah dan bekas CEO sistem kesihatan Cook County di Illinois. <> Hospital awam yang paling lama di AS adalah apa? || Hospital Bellevue <> Siapa presiden HHC? || Ramanathan Raju <> Apakah hospital awam pertama yang ditubuhkan di Amerika Syarikat? || Hospital Bellevue <> Jika Perdana Menteri United Kingdom sakit di New York City, hospital apa dia pergi? || Hospital Bellevue <> Siapa presiden HHC? || Ramanathan Raju, MD <> Dalam apa keadaan yang pernah dilakukan presiden HHC sebelum ini? || Illinois <> Apakah presiden jawatan HHC sebelum ini? || Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif", {"qas": [{"question": "The public hospital that has been around the longest in the US is what?", "id": "56cffd56234ae51400d9c21d", "answers": [{"text": "Bellevue Hospital", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the president of HHC?", "id": "56cffd56234ae51400d9c21e", "answers": [{"text": "Ramanathan Raju", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first public hospital founded in the United States?", "id": "56d1053c17492d1400aab748", "answers": [{"text": "Bellevue Hospital", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom becomes sick in New York City, what hospital does he go to?", "id": "56d1053c17492d1400aab749", "answers": [{"text": "Bellevue Hospital", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the HHC president?", "id": "56d1053c17492d1400aab74a", "answers": [{"text": "Ramanathan Raju, MD", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what state did the president of HHC previously work?", "id": "56d1053c17492d1400aab74b", "answers": [{"text": "Illinois", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the president of HHC's previous job title?", "id": "56d1053c17492d1400aab74c", "answers": [{"text": "CEO", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The most well-known hospital in the HHC system is Bellevue Hospital, the oldest public hospital in the United States. Bellevue is the designated hospital for treatment of the President of the United States and other world leaders if they become sick or injured while in New York City. The president of HHC is Ramanathan Raju, MD, a surgeon and former CEO of the Cook County health system in Illinois."}], ["Ibu pejabat FDNY terletak di 9 MetroTech Centre di Downtown Brooklyn, dan FDNY Fire Academy terletak di Pulau Randalls. Terdapat tiga pejabat penggera Biro Komunikasi Kebakaran yang menerima dan menghantar penggera ke unit yang sesuai. Satu pejabat, di 11 Pusat Metrotech di Brooklyn, menempatkan Manhattan / Citywide, Brooklyn, dan Staten Island Fire Communications. Pejabat Bronx dan Queens berada di bangunan berasingan. <> Apakah alamat untuk ibu pejabat Jabatan Bomba New York City? || 9 MetroTech Centre <> Pulau manakah yang menjadi rumah kepada akademi Kebakaran di NYC? || Randalls Island <> Yang bandar NYC adalah rumah kepada ibu pejabat Jabatan Bomba New York City? || Brooklyn <> Apakah alamat jalan di ibu pejabat Jabatan Bomba New York? || 9 MetroTech Center <> Dalam apa jua yang FDNY beribu pejabat? || Brooklyn <> Di mana akademi latihan jabatan api terletak? || Randalls Island <> Apakah alamat jalan pejabat penggera Biro Fire Communications di Brooklyn? || 11 Pusat Metrotek", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the address for The New York City Fire Department headquarters?", "id": "56cfff79234ae51400d9c239", "answers": [{"text": "9 MetroTech Center", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which island is home to the Fire academy in NYC?", "id": "56cfff79234ae51400d9c23a", "answers": [{"text": "Randalls Island", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which borough of NYC is home to the The New York City Fire Department headquarters?", "id": "56cfff79234ae51400d9c23b", "answers": [{"text": "Brooklyn", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the street address of the New York Fire Department headquarters?", "id": "56d1081117492d1400aab798", "answers": [{"text": "9 MetroTech Center", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what borough is the FDNY headquartered?", "id": "56d1081117492d1400aab799", "answers": [{"text": "Brooklyn", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the fire department's training academy located?", "id": "56d1081117492d1400aab79a", "answers": [{"text": "Randalls Island", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the street address of the Bureau of Fire Communications alarm office in Brooklyn?", "id": "56d1081117492d1400aab79b", "answers": [{"text": "11 Metrotech Center", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The FDNY headquarters is located at 9 MetroTech Center in Downtown Brooklyn, and the FDNY Fire Academy is located on Randalls Island. There are three Bureau of Fire Communications alarm offices which receive and dispatch alarms to appropriate units. One office, at 11 Metrotech Center in Brooklyn, houses Manhattan/Citywide, Brooklyn, and Staten Island Fire Communications. The Bronx and Queens offices are in separate buildings."}], ["Jabatan Bomba New York City (FDNY), menyediakan perlindungan kebakaran, penyelamatan teknikal, tindak balas utama kepada bahaya biologi, kimia, dan radioaktif, dan perkhidmatan perubatan kecemasan untuk lima bandar di New York City. Jabatan Bomba New York adalah jabatan api perbandaran terbesar di Amerika Syarikat dan yang kedua terbesar di dunia selepas Jabatan Bomba Tokyo. FDNY menggunakan lebih kurang 11,080 anggota bomba berseragam dan lebih daripada 3,300 EMT seragam dan paramedik. Moto FDNY adalah Bravest New York. <> Apakah pasukan bomba terbesar di dunia? || Jabatan Bomba Tokyo <> Apakah pasukan bomba kedua terbesar di dunia? || Jabatan Bomba New York <> Apakah moto Jabatan Bomba New York City? || Bravest New York <> Apa yang FDNY berdiri? || Jabatan Bomba New York City <> Kota mana yang menjadi rumah kepada jabatan bomba perbandaran terbesar di dunia? || Tokyo <> Berapa banyak anggota bomba bekerja untuk Jabatan Bomba New York City? || 11,080 <> FDNY menggunakan berapa banyak paramedik dan EMT? || 3,300 <> Apakah moto Jabatan Bomba New York City? || Bravest New York", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the largest fire department force in the world?", "id": "56cffe95234ae51400d9c22f", "answers": [{"text": "Tokyo Fire Department", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the second largest fire department force in the world?", "id": "56cffe95234ae51400d9c230", "answers": [{"text": "The New York City Fire Department", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the The New York City Fire Department's motto?", "id": "56cffe95234ae51400d9c232", "answers": [{"text": "New York's Bravest", "answer_start": 516}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does FDNY stand for?", "id": "56d1076317492d1400aab78c", "answers": [{"text": "New York City Fire Department", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city is home to the largest municipal fire department in the world?", "id": "56d1076317492d1400aab78d", "answers": [{"text": "Tokyo", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many firefighters work for the New York City Fire Department?", "id": "56d1076317492d1400aab78e", "answers": [{"text": "11,080", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The FDNY employs about how many paramedics and EMTs?", "id": "56d1076317492d1400aab78f", "answers": [{"text": "3,300", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the motto of the New York City Fire Department?", "id": "56d1076317492d1400aab790", "answers": [{"text": "New York's Bravest", "answer_start": 516}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The New York City Fire Department (FDNY), provides fire protection, technical rescue, primary response to biological, chemical, and radioactive hazards, and emergency medical services for the five boroughs of New York City. The New York City Fire Department is the largest municipal fire department in the United States and the second largest in the world after the Tokyo Fire Department. The FDNY employs approximately 11,080 uniformed firefighters and over 3,300 uniformed EMTs and paramedics. The FDNY's motto is New York's Bravest."}], ["Perbadanan Kesihatan dan Hospital New York City (HHC) mengendalikan hospital dan klinik awam di New York City. Perbadanan manfaat awam dengan pendapatan $ 6.7 bilion, HHC adalah sistem penjagaan kesihatan perbandaran terbesar di Amerika Syarikat yang melayani 1.4 juta pesakit, termasuk lebih daripada 475,000 penduduk bandar yang tidak diinsuranskan. HHC telah diwujudkan pada tahun 1969 oleh Badan Perundangan Negeri New York sebagai perbadanan manfaat awam (Bab 1016 Undang-undang 1969). Ia sama dengan agensi perbandaran tetapi mempunyai Lembaga Pengarah. HHC mengendalikan 11 hospital penjagaan akut, lima rumah kejururawatan, enam pusat diagnostik dan rawatan, dan lebih daripada 70 tapak penjagaan primer berasaskan komuniti, yang berkhidmat terutamanya kelas miskin dan pekerja. Rancangan Kesihatan MetroPlus HHC adalah salah satu daripada penyedia terbesar insurans kesihatan yang ditaja oleh New York dan merupakan rancangan pilihan untuk hampir setengah juta New Yorkers. <> Penjagaan kesihatan perbandaran terbesar di AS adalah apa? || Perbadanan Kesihatan dan Hospital New York City <> Berapa banyak hospital yang menjalankan HHC? || 11 <> Apakah hasil tahunan Perbadanan Kesihatan dan Hospital New York City? || $ 6.7 bilion <> Berapa banyak pesakit yang disampaikan setiap tahun oleh HHC? || 1.4 juta <> Berapa banyak warga New York yang tidak diinsuranskan mengambil kesempatan daripada HHC? || 475,000 <> Pada tahun apakah telah ditubuhkan Perbadanan Kesihatan dan Hospital New York City? || 1969 <> Berapa banyak rumah kejururawatan yang HHC beroperasi? || lima", {"qas": [{"question": "The largest municipal healthcare in the US is what?", "id": "56cffd07234ae51400d9c215", "answers": [{"text": "New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many hospitals does HHC operate?", "id": "56cffd07234ae51400d9c217", "answers": [{"text": "11", "answer_start": 538}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the yearly revenue of the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation?", "id": "56d1046317492d1400aab734", "answers": [{"text": "$6.7 billion", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many patients are served annually by HHC?", "id": "56d1046317492d1400aab735", "answers": [{"text": "1.4 million", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many uninsured New Yorkers take advantage of HHC?", "id": "56d1046317492d1400aab736", "answers": [{"text": "475,000", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation founded?", "id": "56d1046317492d1400aab737", "answers": [{"text": "1969", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many nursing homes does HHC operate?", "id": "56d1046317492d1400aab738", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 563}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) operates the public hospitals and clinics in New York City. A public benefit corporation with $6.7 billion in annual revenues, HHC is the largest municipal healthcare system in the United States serving 1.4 million patients, including more than 475,000 uninsured city residents. HHC was created in 1969 by the New York State Legislature as a public benefit corporation (Chapter 1016 of the Laws 1969). It is similar to a municipal agency but has a Board of Directors. HHC operates 11 acute care hospitals, five nursing homes, six diagnostic and treatment centers, and more than 70 community-based primary care sites, serving primarily the poor and working class. HHC's MetroPlus Health Plan is one of the New York area's largest providers of government-sponsored health insurance and is the plan of choice for nearly half million New Yorkers."}], ["Pada tahun 2012, New York City mempunyai kadar jenayah keseluruhan terendah dan kadar pembunuhan kedua paling rendah di kalangan bandaraya A.S. yang terbesar, setelah menjadi lebih selamat selepas kenaikan jenayah pada tahun 1970-an hingga 1990-an. Kejahatan ganas di New York City menurun lebih dari 75% dari tahun 1993 hingga 2005, dan terus berkurang sepanjang tempoh ketika negara secara keseluruhan meningkat. Menjelang tahun 2002, kadar jenayah New York City adalah serupa dengan Provo, Utah, dan menduduki tempat ke-197 dalam jenayah di kalangan 216 bandar raya A.S. dengan penduduk lebih daripada 100,000. Pada tahun 2005, kadar pembunuhan berada di tahap paling rendah sejak tahun 1966, dan pada tahun 2007, bandar tersebut mencatatkan kurang daripada 500 pembunuhan buat kali pertama sejak statistik jenayah pertama kali diterbitkan pada tahun 1963. Pada enam bulan pertama tahun 2010, 95.1% daripada semua pembunuhan mangsa dan 95.9% daripada semua mangsa menembak di New York City adalah hitam atau Hispanik; Selain itu, 90.2 peratus daripada mereka yang ditangkap kerana pembunuhan dan 96.7 peratus daripada mereka yang ditahan kerana menembak seseorang adalah hitam atau Hispanik. New York mengalami rekod rendah sebanyak 328 pembunuhan beramai-ramai pada tahun 2014 dan mempunyai kadar pembunuhan jauh lebih rendah daripada bandar-bandar Amerika utama yang lain. <> Apakah rekod rendah untuk pembunuhan beramai-ramai pada tahun 2014 di NYC? || 328 <> Apa peratusan penurunan dalam jenayah ganas yang dilihat bandar antara 1993 dan 2005? || 75% <> Pada tahun 2002, ke mana bandar New York mempunyai kadar jenayah yang setanding? || Provo, Utah <> Dalam tahun apakah bandar raya ini mempunyai kurang daripada 500 pembunuhan? || 2007 <> Berapa banyak pembunuhan di New York City pada tahun 2014? || 328 <> Pada separuh pertama tahun 2010, apakah peratusan menembak mangsa adalah Afrika-Amerika atau Hispanik? || 95.9%", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the low record for homicides in 2014 in NYC?", "id": "56cffde2234ae51400d9c22b", "answers": [{"text": "328", "answer_start": 1033}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage decrease in violent crime did the city see between 1993 and 2005?", "id": "56d1062317492d1400aab76a", "answers": [{"text": "75%", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of 2002, to what city did New York have a comparable crime rate?", "id": "56d1062317492d1400aab76b", "answers": [{"text": "Provo, Utah", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the city have less than 500 homicides?", "id": "56d1062317492d1400aab76c", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 599}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many homicides were there in New York City in 2014?", "id": "56d1062317492d1400aab76d", "answers": [{"text": "328", "answer_start": 1033}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the first half of 2010, what percentage of shooting victims were African-American or Hispanic?", "id": "56d1062317492d1400aab76e", "answers": [{"text": "95.9%", "answer_start": 789}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2012, New York City had the lowest overall crime rate and the second lowest murder rate among the largest U.S. cities, having become significantly safer after a spike in crime in the 1970s through 1990s. Violent crime in New York City decreased more than 75% from 1993 to 2005, and continued decreasing during periods when the nation as a whole saw increases. By 2002, New York City's crime rate was similar to that of Provo, Utah, and was ranked 197th in crime among the 216 U.S. cities with populations greater than 100,000. In 2005 the homicide rate was at its lowest level since 1966, and in 2007 the city recorded fewer than 500 homicides for the first time ever since crime statistics were first published in 1963. In the first six months of 2010, 95.1% of all murder victims and 95.9% of all shooting victims in New York City were black or Hispanic; additionally, 90.2 percent of those arrested for murder and 96.7 percent of those arrested for shooting someone were black or Hispanic. New York experienced a record low of 328 homicides in 2014 and has a far lower murder rate than other major American cities."}], ["Bandar ini diwakili dalam Liga Bola Sepak Kebangsaan oleh New York Giants dan New York Jets, walaupun kedua-dua pasukan bermain di rumah mereka di Stadium MetLife di dekat Rutherford Timur, New Jersey, yang menjadi tuan rumah Super Bowl XLVIII pada 2014. <> The New York Giants dan tempat New York Jets di mana stadium di NYC? || Stadium MetLife <> Bilakah superbowl paling terkini yang diadakan di NYC untuk bola sepak? || 2014 <> Sepanjang apa yang New York Jets, apa pasukan NFL berpangkalan di New York? || New York Giants <> Apa stadium yang New York Jets panggil rumah? || Stadium MetLife <> Bandar apakah Stadium MetLife terletak? || Rutherford Timur, New Jersey <> Apa yang Super Bowl berlaku di Stadium MetLife? || Super Bowl XLVIII <> Pada tahun apakah Super Bowl berlaku di Stadium MetLife? || 2014", {"qas": [{"question": "The New York Giants and the New York Jets place at which stadium in NYC?", "id": "56d005a1234ae51400d9c27e", "answers": [{"text": "MetLife Stadium", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the most recent superbowl held in NYC for football?", "id": "56d005a1234ae51400d9c27f", "answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along what the New York Jets, what NFL team is based in New York?", "id": "56d10e8f17492d1400aab84a", "answers": [{"text": "New York Giants", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What stadium do the New York Jets call home?", "id": "56d10e8f17492d1400aab84b", "answers": [{"text": "MetLife Stadium", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city is MetLife Stadium located in?", "id": "56d10e8f17492d1400aab84c", "answers": [{"text": "East Rutherford, New Jersey", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Super Bowl took place at MetLife Stadium?", "id": "56d10e8f17492d1400aab84d", "answers": [{"text": "Super Bowl XLVIII", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did a Super Bowl occur at MetLife Stadium?", "id": "56d10e8f17492d1400aab84e", "answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city is represented in the National Football League by the New York Giants and the New York Jets, although both teams play their home games at MetLife Stadium in nearby East Rutherford, New Jersey, which hosted Super Bowl XLVIII in 2014."}], ["The New York Islanders dan New York Rangers mewakili bandar di Liga Hoki Kebangsaan. Juga di dalam kawasan metropolitan adalah New Jersey Devils, yang bermain di Newark berdekatan, New Jersey. <> Terdapat dua pasukan hoki yang terletak di NYC. Apakah mereka? || The New York Islanders and the New York Rangers <> Bandar mana yang bermain dengan pasukan hoki New Jersey Devils? || Newark <> Di mana bandar New Jersey Devils terletak? || Newark, New Jersey <> Apa sukan yang bermain New York Rangers? || Hoki <> Bersama New York Rangers, apakah franchise NHL yang berpangkalan di New York? || New York Islanders", {"qas": [{"question": "There are two hockey teams located in NYC. What are they?", "id": "56d005d9234ae51400d9c283", "answers": [{"text": "The New York Islanders and the New York Rangers", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which town do the New Jersey Devils hockey team play?", "id": "56d005d9234ae51400d9c284", "answers": [{"text": "Newark", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city are the New Jersey Devils located?", "id": "56d10ec217492d1400aab854", "answers": [{"text": "Newark, New Jersey", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sport do the New York Rangers play?", "id": "56d10ec217492d1400aab855", "answers": [{"text": "Hockey", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the New York Rangers, what NHL franchise is based in New York?", "id": "56d10ec217492d1400aab856", "answers": [{"text": "New York Islanders", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The New York Islanders and the New York Rangers represent the city in the National Hockey League. Also within the metropolitan area are the New Jersey Devils, who play in nearby Newark, New Jersey."}], ["Pasukan Persatuan Bola Keranjang Kebangsaan adalah Brooklyn Nets dan New York Knicks, sementara New York Liberty adalah Persatuan Bola Keranjang Kebangsaan Wanita. Kejohanan bola keranjang peringkat kebangsaan pertama, Kejohanan Undangan Kebangsaan, telah diadakan di New York pada tahun 1938 dan kekal di bandar. Bandar ini terkenal dengan kaitannya dengan bola keranjang, yang dimainkan di hampir setiap taman di bandar oleh pemuda setempat, yang kebanyakannya telah bermain untuk program kolej utama dan di NBA. <> Mana dua pasukan bola keranjang kebangsaan yang bermain di NYC? || Brooklyn Nets dan New York Knicks <> Pasukan bola keranjang wanita New York City dipanggil apa? || New York Liberty <> Kejuaraan bola keranjang kolej pertama berlaku di NYC dalam tahun berapa? || 1938 <> Apakah pasukan Persatuan Bola Keranjang Kebangsaan Wanita yang berpusat di New York? || New York Liberty <> Apakah nama kejohanan bola keranjang kolej yang berlaku di New York? || Kejohanan Undangan Kebangsaan <> Pada tahun apakah Kejohanan Undangan Nasional yang pertama? || 1938 <> Bersama dengan Brooklyn Nets, apa pasukan NBA berpangkalan di New York? || New York Knicks", {"qas": [{"question": "Which two national basketball teams play in NYC?", "id": "56d00638234ae51400d9c291", "answers": [{"text": "the Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New York City's women's basketball team is called what?", "id": "56d00638234ae51400d9c292", "answers": [{"text": "New York Liberty", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first college basketball championship took place in NYC in what year?", "id": "56d00638234ae51400d9c293", "answers": [{"text": "1938", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Women's National Basketball Association team is based in New York?", "id": "56d10f0617492d1400aab864", "answers": [{"text": "New York Liberty", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the collegiate basketball championship that takes place in New York?", "id": "56d10f0617492d1400aab865", "answers": [{"text": "National Invitation Tournament", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the inaugural National Invitation Tournament?", "id": "56d10f0617492d1400aab866", "answers": [{"text": "1938", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Brooklyn Nets, what NBA team is based in New York?", "id": "56d10f0617492d1400aab867", "answers": [{"text": "New York Knicks", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city's National Basketball Association teams are the Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks, while the New York Liberty is the city's Women's National Basketball Association. The first national college-level basketball championship, the National Invitation Tournament, was held in New York in 1938 and remains in the city. The city is well known for its links to basketball, which is played in nearly every park in the city by local youth, many of whom have gone on to play for major college programs and in the NBA."}], ["New York City mempunyai lebih daripada 2,000 organisasi seni dan kebudayaan dan lebih daripada 500 galeri seni pelbagai saiz. Kerajaan kota membiayai seni dengan anggaran tahunan yang lebih besar daripada Endowment Nasional untuk Seni. Ahli perniagaan yang kaya pada abad ke-19 membina rangkaian institusi kebudayaan utama, seperti Dewan Carnegie yang terkenal dan Muzium Seni Metropolitan, yang akan ditubuhkan di peringkat antarabangsa. Kemunculan lampu elektrik membawa kepada produksi teater yang rumit, dan pada tahun 1880-an, teater New York City di Broadway dan sepanjang 42nd Street mula memaparkan satu bentuk peringkat baru yang dikenali sebagai muzik Broadway. Sangat dipengaruhi oleh pendatang bandar, pengeluaran seperti Harrigan dan Hart, George M. Cohan, dan yang lain menggunakan lagu dalam naratif yang sering mencerminkan tema harapan dan cita-cita. <> The Broadway Musical bermula dalam apa dekad? || 1880s <> Berapa banyak galeri seni di New York City? || 500 <> Bersama dengan Broadway, apa jalan raya New York dikaitkan dengan muzikal Broadway? || 42nd Street <> Siapa rakan kongsi Hart? || Harrigan <> Berapa banyak organisasi kebudayaan dan kesenian di New York City? || 2,000 <> Apa perkembangan teknologi yang diterajui menghasilkan produksi peringkat yang rumit? || lampu elektrik", {"qas": [{"question": "The Broadway Musical began in what decade?", "id": "56d0036a234ae51400d9c252", "answers": [{"text": "1880s", "answer_start": 507}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Approximately how many galleries of art are in New York City?", "id": "56d10a4717492d1400aab7d4", "answers": [{"text": "500", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Broadway, what New York thoroughfare is associated with Broadway musicals?", "id": "56d10a4717492d1400aab7d5", "answers": [{"text": "42nd Street", "answer_start": 559}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Hart's writing partner?", "id": "56d10a4717492d1400aab7d6", "answers": [{"text": "Harrigan", "answer_start": 722}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many cultural and artistic organizations are in New York City?", "id": "56d10a4717492d1400aab7d7", "answers": [{"text": "2,000", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What technological development led resulted in elaborate stage productions? ", "id": "56d10a4717492d1400aab7d8", "answers": [{"text": "electric lighting", "answer_start": 440}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City has more than 2,000 arts and cultural organizations and more than 500 art galleries of all sizes. The city government funds the arts with a larger annual budget than the National Endowment for the Arts. Wealthy business magnates in the 19th century built a network of major cultural institutions, such as the famed Carnegie Hall and The Metropolitan Museum of Art, that would become internationally established. The advent of electric lighting led to elaborate theater productions, and in the 1880s, New York City theaters on Broadway and along 42nd Street began featuring a new stage form that became known as the Broadway musical. Strongly influenced by the city's immigrants, productions such as those of Harrigan and Hart, George M. Cohan, and others used song in narratives that often reflected themes of hope and ambition."}], ["Empat puluh teater di bandar ini, dengan lebih daripada 500 tempat duduk, secara kolektif dikenali sebagai Broadway, selepas jalan utama yang melintasi Daerah Teater Times Square, kadang-kadang disebut sebagai \"The Great White Way\". Menurut The Broadway League, pameran Broadway telah menjual tiket bernilai kira-kira AS $ 1.27 bilion pada musim 2013-2014, peningkatan 11.4% daripada US $ 1.139 bilion pada musim 2012-2013. Kehadiran pada tahun 2013-2014 berjumlah 12.21 juta, mewakili kenaikan 5.5% daripada musim 2012-2013 iaitu 11.57 juta. <> Berapa banyak orang yang menghadiri pameran Broadway semasa musim 2013-2014? || 12,21 juta <> Apa nama panggilan Times Square Theatre District? || The Great White Way <> Apakah jumlah dolar tiket yang dijual di Broadway pada 2013-14? || US $ 1.27 bilion <> Apa peratusan peningkatan dalam pendapatan tiket Broadway dari 2012-3 hingga 2013-4? || 11.4% <> Berapa ramai orang menghadiri pameran Broadway pada musim 2013-4? || 12,21 juta <> Pada tahun 2012-3, jumlah orang yang menyaksikan pameran di Broadway? || 11.57 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people attended Broadway shows during the 2013-2014 season?", "id": "56d003cd234ae51400d9c257", "answers": [{"text": "12.21 million", "answer_start": 446}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the nickname of the Times Square Theater District?", "id": "56d10ab417492d1400aab7e4", "answers": [{"text": "The Great White Way", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the dollar amount of the tickets sold on Broadway in 2013-14?", "id": "56d10ab417492d1400aab7e5", "answers": [{"text": "US$1.27 billion", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the percentage increase in the Broadway ticket revenue from 2012-3 to 2013-4?", "id": "56d10ab417492d1400aab7e6", "answers": [{"text": "11.4%", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people attended a Broadway show in the 2013-4 season?", "id": "56d10ab417492d1400aab7e7", "answers": [{"text": "12.21 million", "answer_start": 446}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2012-3, what number of people saw a show on Broadway?", "id": "56d10ab417492d1400aab7e8", "answers": [{"text": "11.57 million", "answer_start": 518}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Forty of the city's theaters, with more than 500 seats each, are collectively known as Broadway, after the major thoroughfare that crosses the Times Square Theater District, sometimes referred to as \"The Great White Way\". According to The Broadway League, Broadway shows sold approximately US$1.27 billion worth of tickets in the 2013\u20132014 season, an 11.4% increase from US$1.139 billion in the 2012\u20132013 season. Attendance in 2013\u20132014 stood at 12.21 million, representing a 5.5% increase from the 2012\u20132013 season's 11.57 million."}], ["Budaya makanan di New York City termasuk pelbagai masakan antarabangsa yang dipengaruhi oleh sejarah pendatang di bandar ini. Imigran Eropah Tengah dan Itali pada asalnya menjadikan bandar itu terkenal dengan bagel, cheesecake, dan pizza gaya New York, manakala restoran Cina dan lain-lain Asia, sendi sandwic, trattorias, pengunjung, dan kedai kopi sentiasa ada di mana-mana. Sekitar 4,000 vendor makanan mudah alih yang dilesenkan oleh bandar, yang dimiliki oleh banyak imigran, telah membuat makanan Timur Tengah seperti contoh falafel dan kebab contoh populer makanan jalanan New York moden. Bandar ini juga menjadi rumah kepada hampir satu ribu restoran masakan haute terbaik dan paling pelbagai di dunia, menurut Michelin. Jabatan Kesihatan dan Kebersihan Mental Kota New York memberikan gred surat ke 24,000 restoran di bandar berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan mereka. <> Berapa banyak restoran di NYC? || 24,000 <> Berapa banyak vendor makanan bergerak di New York City? || 4,000 <> Berapa banyak restoran di New York? || 24,000 <> Apakah jabatan awam memeriksa restoran di New York? || Jabatan Kesihatan Kota Baharu dan Kebersihan Mental <> Menurut Michelin, mengenai berapa banyak restoran makanan mewah di New York? || seribu", {"qas": [{"question": "How many restaurants are there in NYC?", "id": "56d00431234ae51400d9c25b", "answers": [{"text": "24,000", "answer_start": 776}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many mobile food vendors operate in New York City?", "id": "56d10c8c17492d1400aab810", "answers": [{"text": "4,000", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many restaurants is New York home to?", "id": "56d10c8c17492d1400aab811", "answers": [{"text": "24,000", "answer_start": 776}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What public department inspects the restaurants of New York?", "id": "56d10c8c17492d1400aab812", "answers": [{"text": "New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene", "answer_start": 686}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to Michelin, about how many fine dining restaurants exist in New York?", "id": "56d10c8c17492d1400aab813", "answers": [{"text": "one thousand", "answer_start": 575}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City's food culture includes a variety of international cuisines influenced by the city's immigrant history. Central European and Italian immigrants originally made the city famous for bagels, cheesecake, and New York-style pizza, while Chinese and other Asian restaurants, sandwich joints, trattorias, diners, and coffeehouses have become ubiquitous. Some 4,000 mobile food vendors licensed by the city, many immigrant-owned, have made Middle Eastern foods such as falafel and kebabs popular examples of modern New York street food. The city is also home to nearly one thousand of the finest and most diverse haute cuisine restaurants in the world, according to Michelin. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene assigns letter grades to the city's 24,000 restaurants based upon their inspection results."}], ["Kota ini adalah tempat kelahiran banyak gerakan budaya, termasuk Harlem Renaissance dalam kesusasteraan dan seni visual; ekspresiisme abstrak (juga dikenali sebagai Sekolah New York) dalam lukisan; dan hip hop, punk, salsa, disko, gaya bebas, Tin Pan Alley, dan Jazz dalam muzik. New York City dianggap sebagai pusat tarian di dunia. Bandar ini juga disambut secara meluas dalam tradisi yang popular, kerapnya penetapan untuk buku, filem (lihat Senarai filem yang ditetapkan di New York City), dan program televisyen. Minggu Fesyen New York adalah salah satu acara fesyen terkenal di dunia dan mendapat liputan yang luas oleh media. New York juga sering menduduki ranking fesyen modal dunia di senarai tahunan yang disusun oleh Global Language Monitor. <> Modal fesyen di dunia adalah bandar apa di Amerika Syarikat? || New York City <> Salah satu rancangan fesyen terbesar di dunia dinamakan apa di New York? || Minggu Fesyen New York <> Dengan apa nama lain abstrak ekspresionisme diketahui? || Sekolah New York <> Apakah nama acara fesyen yang menonjol yang berlaku di New York? || New York Fashion Week <> Yang menduduki New York sebagai modal fesyen di dunia? || Monitor Bahasa Global", {"qas": [{"question": "The fashion capital of the world is what city in the US?", "id": "56d000c5234ae51400d9c24d", "answers": [{"text": "New York City", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "One of the biggest fashion shows in the world is named what in New York?", "id": "56d000c5234ae51400d9c24e", "answers": [{"text": "New York Fashion Week", "answer_start": 494}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what other name is abstract expressionism known?", "id": "56d1099d17492d1400aab7c4", "answers": [{"text": "the New York School", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the prominent fashion event that occurs in New York?", "id": "56d1099d17492d1400aab7c5", "answers": [{"text": "New York Fashion Week", "answer_start": 494}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ranked New York as the fashion capital of the world?", "id": "56d1099d17492d1400aab7c6", "answers": [{"text": "the Global Language Monitor", "answer_start": 722}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city is the birthplace of many cultural movements, including the Harlem Renaissance in literature and visual art; abstract expressionism (also known as the New York School) in painting; and hip hop, punk, salsa, disco, freestyle, Tin Pan Alley, and Jazz in music. New York City has been considered the dance capital of the world. The city is also widely celebrated in popular lore, frequently the setting for books, movies (see List of films set in New York City), and television programs. New York Fashion Week is one of the world's preeminent fashion events and is afforded extensive coverage by the media. New York has also frequently been ranked the top fashion capital of the world on the annual list compiled by the Global Language Monitor."}], ["New York City adalah ibu pejabat Liga Kebangsaan, Liga Utama Baseball, Persatuan Bola Keranjang Kebangsaan, Liga Hoki Kebangsaan, dan Major League Soccer. Kawasan metropolitan New York menjadi tuan rumah pasukan sukan paling dalam lima liga profesional ini. Penyertaan dalam sukan profesional di bandar ini mendahului semua liga profesional, dan bandar ini terus menganjurkan sukan profesional sejak kelahiran Brooklyn Dodgers pada tahun 1882. Bandar ini telah menjadi tuan rumah kepada lebih dari empat puluh pasukan profesional utama dalam lima sukan dan masing-masing bersaing liga, baik semasa dan bersejarah. Empat daripada sepuluh stadium paling mahal yang pernah dibina di seluruh dunia (MetLife Stadium, Stadium Yankee baru, Madison Square Garden, dan Citi Field) terletak di kawasan metropolitan New York. Madison Square Garden, pendahulu, serta Stadium Yankee dan Lapangan Ebbets yang asal, adalah beberapa tempat sukan paling terkenal di dunia, yang kedua telah diperingati pada setem pos A.S.. <> The Brooklyn Dodgers telah dicipta dalam tahun berapa? || 1882 <> Yang empat stadium paling mahal di dunia terletak di NYC? || Stadium MetLife, Stadium Yankee yang baru, Madison Square Garden, dan Citi Field <> Yang mana dua stadium sukan di New York City dipaparkan pada setem AS? || Stadium Yankee dan Lapangan Ebbets asal <> Pada tahun apakah Brooklyn Dodgers ditubuhkan? || 1882 <> Apa organisasi bola sepak profesional yang beribu pejabat di New York? || Major League Soccer <> Berapa banyak liga sukan profesional yang mempunyai ibu pejabat mereka di New York? || lima <> Berapa banyak pasukan sukan profesional yang utama telah didasarkan pada satu masa atau yang lain di New York? || empat puluh", {"qas": [{"question": "The Brooklyn Dodgers were created in what year?", "id": "56d004e5234ae51400d9c266", "answers": [{"text": "1882", "answer_start": 473}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which four of the world's most expensive stadiums are located in NYC?", "id": "56d004e5234ae51400d9c268", "answers": [{"text": "MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field", "answer_start": 691}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two sports stadiums of New York City were featured on US stamps?", "id": "56d004e5234ae51400d9c269", "answers": [{"text": "the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field", "answer_start": 869}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year were the Brooklyn Dodgers founded?", "id": "56d10dd217492d1400aab838", "answers": [{"text": "1882", "answer_start": 473}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What professional soccer organization is headquartered in New York?", "id": "56d10dd217492d1400aab839", "answers": [{"text": "Major League Soccer", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many professional sports leagues have their headquarters in New York?", "id": "56d10dd217492d1400aab83a", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many major professional sports teams have been based at one time or another in New York?", "id": "56d10dd217492d1400aab83b", "answers": [{"text": "forty", "answer_start": 512}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues. Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882. The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues, both current and historic. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world, the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps."}], ["Kejohanan Tenis Terbuka Sepatut Amerika Syarikat adalah salah satu kejohanan tenis Grand Slam di dunia dan diadakan di Pusat Tenis Kebangsaan di Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, Queens. New York Marathon adalah salah satu yang terbesar di dunia, dan acara 2004-2006 memegang tiga tempat teratas dalam maraton dengan jumlah penunggang terbesar, termasuk 37,866 pemenang pada tahun 2006. Millrose Games adalah trek tahunan dan padang bertemu dengan ciri-ciri yang acara itu adalah Wanamaker Mile. Tinju juga merupakan bahagian penting dari adegan sukan di bandar ini, dengan acara-acara seperti Sarung Tangan Emas Tinju Amatur yang diadakan di Madison Square Garden setiap tahun. Bandar ini juga dianggap sebagai tuan rumah Pertandingan Belmont, yang terakhir, terpanjang dan tertua perlumbaan kuda Triple Crown, yang diadakan di sempadan bandar di Belmont Park pada hari Ahad pertama atau kedua. Bandar ini juga menganjurkan kejohanan golf Terbuka A.S. 1932 dan Kejohanan PGA 1930 dan 1939, dan menjadi tuan rumah bandar untuk kedua-dua acara itu beberapa kali, terutamanya untuk Kelab Golf Winged Foot terdekat. <> Yang manakah New York mengendalikan kejohanan Tenis Terbuka AS? || Queens <> The Wanamaker Mile adalah acara yang mana pertemuan tahunan dan lapangan? || Millrose Games <> Perlumbaan kuda tertua di Amerika Syarikat terletak di NYC yang dipanggil apa? || Belmont Stakes <> Tahun manakah NYC menjadi tuan rumah kejohanan golf PGA? || 1930 dan 1939 <> Sarung tangan Golden Boxing Amatur yang diadakan di mana lokasi di NYC? || Madison Square Garden <> Di mana borough adalah Pusat Tenis Negara yang terletak? || Queens <> Apa acara tenis Grand Slam yang diadakan di Pusat Tenis Kebangsaan? || Kejohanan Tenis Terbuka Amerika Syarikat <> Berapa ramai orang yang menyiapkan New York Marathon pada tahun 2006? || 37,866 <> Apa persaingan sukan tahunan yang menampilkan Wanamaker Mile? || Millrose Games <> Pada apa tempat berlangsung Sarung Tangan Emas Tinju Amatur yang berlaku? || Taman Dataran Madison", {"qas": [{"question": "Which borough of New York hosts the US Open Tennis championships?", "id": "56d006f6234ae51400d9c29b", "answers": [{"text": "Queens", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Wanamaker Mile is an event by which annual track and field meeting?", "id": "56d006f6234ae51400d9c29c", "answers": [{"text": "Millrose Games", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The oldest, longest horse races in the US are located in NYC called what?", "id": "56d006f6234ae51400d9c29d", "answers": [{"text": "Belmont Stakes", "answer_start": 686}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which years did NYC host the PGA golf championships?", "id": "56d006f6234ae51400d9c29e", "answers": [{"text": "1930 and 1939", "answer_start": 921}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves are held at which location in NYC?", "id": "56d006f6234ae51400d9c29f", "answers": [{"text": "Madison Square Garden", "answer_start": 609}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what borough is the National Tennis Center located?", "id": "56d1100317492d1400aab880", "answers": [{"text": "Queens", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What tennis Grand Slam event is held at the National Tennis Center?", "id": "56d1100317492d1400aab881", "answers": [{"text": "United States Open Tennis Championships", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people completed the New York Marathon in 2006?", "id": "56d1100317492d1400aab882", "answers": [{"text": "37,866", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What annual sporting competition features the Wanamaker Mile?", "id": "56d1100317492d1400aab883", "answers": [{"text": "Millrose Games", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what venue does the Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves take place?", "id": "56d1100317492d1400aab884", "answers": [{"text": "Madison Square Garden", "answer_start": 609}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The annual United States Open Tennis Championships is one of the world's four Grand Slam tennis tournaments and is held at the National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, Queens. The New York Marathon is one of the world's largest, and the 2004\u20132006 events hold the top three places in the marathons with the largest number of finishers, including 37,866 finishers in 2006. The Millrose Games is an annual track and field meet whose featured event is the Wanamaker Mile. Boxing is also a prominent part of the city's sporting scene, with events like the Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves being held at Madison Square Garden each year. The city is also considered the host of the Belmont Stakes, the last, longest and oldest of horse racing's Triple Crown races, held just over the city's border at Belmont Park on the first or second Sunday of June. The city also hosted the 1932 U.S. Open golf tournament and the 1930 and 1939 PGA Championships, and has been host city for both events several times, most notably for nearby Winged Foot Golf Club."}], ["New York telah digambarkan sebagai \"Modal Besbol\". Terdapat 35 Siri Baseball Dunia Major League dan 73 panji yang dimenangi oleh pasukan New York. Ia adalah salah satu daripada hanya lima kawasan metro (Los Angeles, Chicago, Baltimore-Washington, dan Kawasan San Francisco Bay yang lain) mempunyai dua pasukan besbol. Di samping itu, terdapat 14 Seri Dunia di mana dua pasukan di New York City saling memainkan, yang dikenali sebagai Seri Subway dan yang paling baru berlaku pada tahun 2000. Tiada kawasan metropolitan lain yang mempunyai ini berlaku lebih daripada sekali (Chicago pada tahun 1906, St Louis pada tahun 1944, dan kawasan San Francisco Bay pada tahun 1989). Kedua-dua pasukan Besbol Liga utama di bandar ini adalah New York Mets, yang bermain di Citi Field di Queens, dan New York Yankees, yang bermain di Stadium Yankee di Bronx. yang bersaing dalam enam pertandingan bermain antara setiap musim biasa yang juga dipanggil Subway Subway. The Yankees telah memenangi 27 kejohanan rekod, manakala Mets telah memenangi Siri Dunia dua kali. Bandar ini juga pernah menjadi rumah kepada Brooklyn Dodgers (sekarang Los Angeles Dodgers), yang memenangi Seri Dunia sekali, dan New York Giants (sekarang San Francisco Giants), yang memenangi Siri Dunia lima kali. Kedua-dua pasukan berpindah ke California pada tahun 1958. Terdapat juga dua pasukan Baseball League Minor di bandar, Brooklyn Cyclones dan Staten Island Yankees. <> NYC dikenali sebagai Modal sukan mana? || Baseball <> Berapa banyak Major League Baseball World Series yang dimenangi oleh pasukan NYC? || 35 <> Ini adalah satu daripada hanya lima kawasan yang mengandungi dua pasukan sukan apa? || Baseball <> Berapa ramai pasukan besbol liga kecil yang ada di NYC? || dua <> Berapa banyak Siri Dunia yang memenangi pasukan New York? || 35 <> Berapa banyak peninju liga Liga Utama memenangi pasukan New York? || 73 <> Berapa banyak pasukan besbol profesional yang terletak di New York? || dua <> Berapa kali ada dua pasukan dari New York yang bermain antara satu sama lain dalam Siri Dunia? || 14 <> Apakah nama samaran untuk Siri Dunia di mana dua pasukan New York bermain antara satu sama lain? || Subway Subway", {"qas": [{"question": "NYC is known as the Capital of which sport?", "id": "56d00567234ae51400d9c273", "answers": [{"text": "Baseball", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Major League Baseball World Series has NYC teams won?", "id": "56d00567234ae51400d9c274", "answers": [{"text": "35", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "It is one of only five areas to contain two teams of what sport?", "id": "56d00567234ae51400d9c275", "answers": [{"text": "Baseball", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many minor league baseball teams are there in NYC?", "id": "56d00567234ae51400d9c277", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many World Series have New York teams won?", "id": "56d10e4617492d1400aab840", "answers": [{"text": "35", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Major League baseball league pennants have New York teams won?", "id": "56d10e4617492d1400aab841", "answers": [{"text": "73", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many professional baseball teams are located in New York?", "id": "56d10e4617492d1400aab842", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times have two teams from New York played against each other in the World Series?", "id": "56d10e4617492d1400aab843", "answers": [{"text": "14", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the nickname for a World Series where two New York teams play against each other?", "id": "56d10e4617492d1400aab844", "answers": [{"text": "Subway Series", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York has been described as the \"Capital of Baseball\". There have been 35 Major League Baseball World Series and 73 pennants won by New York teams. It is one of only five metro areas (Los Angeles, Chicago, Baltimore\u2013Washington, and the San Francisco Bay Area being the others) to have two baseball teams. Additionally, there have been 14 World Series in which two New York City teams played each other, known as a Subway Series and occurring most recently in 2000. No other metropolitan area has had this happen more than once (Chicago in 1906, St. Louis in 1944, and the San Francisco Bay Area in 1989). The city's two current Major League Baseball teams are the New York Mets, who play at Citi Field in Queens, and the New York Yankees, who play at Yankee Stadium in the Bronx. who compete in six games of interleague play every regular season that has also come to be called the Subway Series. The Yankees have won a record 27 championships, while the Mets have won the World Series twice. The city also was once home to the Brooklyn Dodgers (now the Los Angeles Dodgers), who won the World Series once, and the New York Giants (now the San Francisco Giants), who won the World Series five times. Both teams moved to California in 1958. There are also two Minor League Baseball teams in the city, the Brooklyn Cyclones and Staten Island Yankees."}], ["Banyak sukan dikaitkan dengan komuniti pendatang New York. Stickball, versi jalanan besbol, telah dipopularkan oleh para belia pada tahun 1930-an, dan sebuah jalan di Bronx dinamakan semula Stickball Boulevard pada akhir tahun 2000-an untuk memorialkan ini. <> Satu versi besbol yang dimainkan di jalanan bandar yang digelar adalah pada tahun 1930-an? || Stickball <> Jalan mana yang dinamakan semula pada akhir 2000-an untuk memperingati versi jalan baseball? || Stickball Boulevard <> Di mana borough Boulevard Stickball terletak? || Bronx", {"qas": [{"question": "A version of baseball played in city streets was nicknamed was in the 1930s?", "id": "56d0071a234ae51400d9c2a5", "answers": [{"text": "Stickball", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What street was renamed in the late 2000s to commemorate the street version of baseball?", "id": "56d1104317492d1400aab88a", "answers": [{"text": "Stickball Boulevard", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what borough is Stickball Boulevard located?", "id": "56d1104317492d1400aab88b", "answers": [{"text": "the Bronx", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many sports are associated with New York's immigrant communities. Stickball, a street version of baseball, was popularized by youths in the 1930s, and a street in the Bronx was renamed Stickball Boulevard in the late 2000s to memorialize this."}], ["Armada bas awam di New York City adalah yang terbesar di Amerika Utara, dan Terminal Bas Lembaga Pelabuhan, terminal bas intercity utama bandar, melayani 7,000 bas dan 200,000 penumpang setiap hari, menjadikannya stesen bas tersibuk di dunia. <> Stesen bas tersibuk di dunia di dunia dipanggil apa? || Terminal Bas Pihak Berkuasa Port <> Berapa banyak bas yang melawat Terminal Bas Autoriti Port setiap hari? || 7,000 <> Berapa ramai warga New York yang menaiki bas setiap hari? || 200,000 <> Apakah terminal bas utama New York? || Terminal Bas Pihak Berkuasa Pelabuhan", {"qas": [{"question": "The busiest bus station in the world in the world is called what?", "id": "56d0090d234ae51400d9c2b7", "answers": [{"text": "Port Authority Bus Terminal", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many buses visit the Port Authority Bus Terminal each day?", "id": "56d1179117492d1400aab90c", "answers": [{"text": "7,000", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many New Yorkers ride the bus on a daily basis?", "id": "56d1179117492d1400aab90d", "answers": [{"text": "200,000", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is New York's primary bus terminal?", "id": "56d1179117492d1400aab90e", "answers": [{"text": "Port Authority Bus Terminal", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City's public bus fleet is the largest in North America, and the Port Authority Bus Terminal, the main intercity bus terminal of the city, serves 7,000 buses and 200,000 commuters daily, making it the busiest bus station in the world."}], ["Staten Island Ferry adalah laluan feri paling sibuk di dunia, membawa kira-kira 20 juta penumpang di laluan 5.2 kilometer (8.4 km) antara Staten Island dan Lower Manhattan dan berjalan 24 jam sehari. Pengangkutan feri sistem feri lain antara Manhattan dan daerah-daerah lain di dalam bandar dan kawasan metropolitan. <> Laluan feri paling popular di dunia adalah di NYC? || The Staten Island Ferry <> Berapa jam sehari yang dijalankan The Staten Island Ferry? || 24 <> Dalam jarak jauh, berapa lamakah laluan Staten Island Ferry? || 8.4 <> Menatap di Pulau Negeri, di mana laluan di Staten Island Ferry tamat? || Manhattan <> Berapa banyak penumpang menunggang Staten Island Ferry setiap tahun? || 20 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "The world's most popular ferry route is which in NYC? ", "id": "56d00a2d234ae51400d9c2bb", "answers": [{"text": "The Staten Island Ferry", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many hours a day does the The Staten Island Ferry run?", "id": "56d00a2d234ae51400d9c2bc", "answers": [{"text": "24", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In kilometers, how long is the Staten Island Ferry route?", "id": "56d118e717492d1400aab92c", "answers": [{"text": "8.4", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Staring in State Island, in what borough does the Staten Island Ferry's route terminate?", "id": "56d118e717492d1400aab92d", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many passengers ride the Staten Island Ferry annually?", "id": "56d118e717492d1400aab92e", "answers": [{"text": "20 million", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Staten Island Ferry is the world's busiest ferry route, carrying approximately 20 million passengers on the 5.2-mile (8.4 km) route between Staten Island and Lower Manhattan and running 24 hours a day. Other ferry systems shuttle commuters between Manhattan and other locales within the city and the metropolitan area."}], ["Sistem kereta bawah tanah New York City yang ikonik adalah sistem transit pesat terbesar di dunia apabila diukur oleh stesen yang beroperasi, dengan 469, dan panjang laluan. Subway New York adalah terkenal kerana hampir seluruh sistem yang tinggal dibuka 24 jam sehari, berbeza dengan penutupan semalaman yang biasa berlaku kepada sistem di kebanyakan bandar raya, termasuk Hong Kong, London, Paris, Seoul, dan Tokyo. Subway New York City juga merupakan sistem transit kereta api metropolitan yang paling sibuk di Hemisfera Barat, dengan 1.75 bilion penumpang naik pada tahun 2014, manakala Grand Central Terminal, juga dikenali sebagai \"Grand Central Station\", adalah stesen keretapi terbesar di dunia dengan nombor daripada platform kereta api. <> Sistem kereta bawah tanah mana yang dianggap paling besar di dunia? || Sistem kereta bawah tanah New York City <> Berapa banyak stesen yang mengandungi sistem kereta bawah tanah New York City? || 469 <> Stesen mana yang dikenali sebagai stesen kereta api terbesar di dunia? || Grand Central Station <> Berapa ramai orang menunggang New York City Subway pada tahun 2014? || 1.75 bilion <> Apa nama panggilan yang diberikan kepada Grand Central Terminal? || Stesen Grand Central", {"qas": [{"question": "Which subway system is considered the largest in the world?", "id": "56d007a6234ae51400d9c2a7", "answers": [{"text": "New York City Subway system", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many stations does the  New York City Subway system contain?", "id": "56d007a6234ae51400d9c2a8", "answers": [{"text": "469", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which station is known as the world's biggest railroad station?", "id": "56d007a6234ae51400d9c2a9", "answers": [{"text": "Grand Central Station", "answer_start": 588}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people rode the New York City Subway in 2014?", "id": "56d110db17492d1400aab899", "answers": [{"text": "1.75 billion", "answer_start": 488}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the nickname given to Grand Central Terminal?", "id": "56d110db17492d1400aab89a", "answers": [{"text": "Grand Central Station", "answer_start": 588}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The iconic New York City Subway system is the largest rapid transit system in the world when measured by stations in operation, with 469, and by length of routes. New York's subway is notable for nearly the entire system remaining open 24 hours a day, in contrast to the overnight shutdown common to systems in most cities, including Hong Kong, London, Paris, Seoul, and Tokyo. The New York City Subway is also the busiest metropolitan rail transit system in the Western Hemisphere, with 1.75 billion passengers rides in 2014, while Grand Central Terminal, also popularly referred to as \"Grand Central Station\", is the world's largest railway station by number of train platforms."}], ["Jambatan George Washington adalah jambatan kenderaan tersibuk di dunia, yang menghubungkan Manhattan ke Bergen County, New Jersey. Jambatan Verrazano-Narrows adalah jambatan penggantungan terpanjang di Amerika dan salah satu yang paling lama di dunia. Jambatan Brooklyn adalah ikon bandar itu sendiri. Menara Jambatan Brooklyn dibina daripada batu kapur, batu granit dan semen Rosendale, dan gaya seni bina mereka adalah neo-Gothic, dengan gerbang tajam ciri-ciri di atas laluan melalui menara batu. Jambatan ini juga merupakan jambatan penggantungan terpanjang di dunia dari pembukaannya hingga 1903, dan merupakan jambatan suspensi dawai keluli pertama. <> Yang jambatan di NYC adalah yang paling sibuk di dunia? || Jambatan George Washington <> Jambatan penggantungan terbesar di AS adalah apa? || Jambatan Verrazano-Narrows <> Jambatan yang dibuat dengan dawai keluli adalah di NYC? || Jambatan Brooklyn <> Jambatan Brooklyn adalah yang terbesar di dunia sehingga tarikh apa? || 1903 <> Apakah jambatan yang paling sibuk untuk kereta di dunia? || Jambatan George Washington <> Bermula di Manhattan, Jambatan George Washington menamatkan apa yang di County New Jersey? || Bergen <> Apakah jambatan penggantungan terpanjang di Amerika Syarikat? || Jambatan Verrazano-Narrows <> Apa gaya senibina yang digunakan untuk mereka bentuk Jambatan Brooklyn? || neo-Gothic <> Dalam tahun berapa jambatan Brooklyn berhenti menjadi jambatan penggantungan terpanjang di dunia? || 1903", {"qas": [{"question": "Which bridge in NYC is the busiest in the world?", "id": "56d00b23234ae51400d9c2c3", "answers": [{"text": "The George Washington Bridge", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The biggest suspension bridge in the US is what?", "id": "56d00b23234ae51400d9c2c4", "answers": [{"text": "The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The bridge made with steel-wire is which in NYC?", "id": "56d00b23234ae51400d9c2c5", "answers": [{"text": "The Brooklyn Bridge", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Brooklyn Bridge was the worlds largest until what date?", "id": "56d00b23234ae51400d9c2c6", "answers": [{"text": "1903", "answer_start": 590}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the busiest bridge for cars in the world?", "id": "56d11aec17492d1400aab97d", "answers": [{"text": "George Washington Bridge", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Starting in Manhattan, the George Washington Bridge terminates in what New Jersey county?", "id": "56d11aec17492d1400aab97e", "answers": [{"text": "Bergen", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the longest suspension bridge in the United States?", "id": "56d11aec17492d1400aab97f", "answers": [{"text": "Verrazano-Narrows Bridge", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What style of architecture was used to design the Brooklyn Bridge?", "id": "56d11aec17492d1400aab980", "answers": [{"text": "neo-Gothic", "answer_start": 408}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Brooklyn Bridge cease to be the world's longest suspension bridge?", "id": "56d11aec17492d1400aab981", "answers": [{"text": "1903", "answer_start": 590}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The George Washington Bridge is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge, connecting Manhattan to Bergen County, New Jersey. The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge is the longest suspension bridge in the Americas and one of the world's longest. The Brooklyn Bridge is an icon of the city itself. The towers of the Brooklyn Bridge are built of limestone, granite, and Rosendale cement, and their architectural style is neo-Gothic, with characteristic pointed arches above the passageways through the stone towers. This bridge was also the longest suspension bridge in the world from its opening until 1903, and is the first steel-wire suspension bridge."}], ["Penggunaan kadar transit awam yang tinggi di New York, lebih daripada 200,000 penunggang basikal seharian pada tahun 2014, dan ramai penumpang pejalan kaki menjadikannya bandar utama yang paling cekap tenaga di Amerika Syarikat. Mod perjalanan dan bas perjalanan untuk 21% daripada semua mod untuk perjalanan di bandar; secara nasional kadar bagi kawasan metro adalah kira-kira 8%. Dalam kedua-dua kedudukan 2011 dan 2015, Walk Score menamakan New York City sebagai bandar besar yang boleh dilalui di Amerika Syarikat. Citibank menaja pengenalan 10,000 basikal awam untuk projek basikal bandar di musim panas 2013. Penyelidikan yang dijalankan oleh Universiti Quinnipiac menunjukkan bahawa majoriti New York menyokong inisiatif tersebut. Penunjuk arah berbasikal dalam musim \"New York City\" berbasikal di bandar mencecah paras tertinggi sepanjang tahun 2013. <> Berapa ramai penunggang basikal setiap hari di NYC? || 200,000 <> Setiap hari, kira berapa ramai basikal New York? || 200,000 <> Berapa peratus perjalanan New York City dilakukan dengan basikal atau berjalan kaki? || 21% <> Syarikat apa yang dibayar untuk 10,000 basikal untuk program perkongsian basikal di bandar ini? || Citibank <> Penyelidikan oleh institusi pengajian tinggi apa yang menunjukkan bahawa kebanyakan orang New York menyokong perkongsian basikal? || Quinnipiac University <> Yang menduduki ranking New York sebagai bandar paling ramai di Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 2015? || Berjalan Skor", {"qas": [{"question": "How many daily bicycle riders are there in NYC?", "id": "56d00beb234ae51400d9c2d3", "answers": [{"text": "200,000", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Each day, about how many New Yorkers bike?", "id": "56d11cb517492d1400aab9b5", "answers": [{"text": "200,000", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About what percentage of New York City travel is done by bike or on foot?", "id": "56d11cb517492d1400aab9b6", "answers": [{"text": "21%", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company paid for 10,000 bikes for the city's bicycle sharing program?", "id": "56d11cb517492d1400aab9b7", "answers": [{"text": "Citibank", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Research by what institution of higher learning showed that most New Yorkers support bicycle sharing?", "id": "56d11cb517492d1400aab9b8", "answers": [{"text": "Quinnipiac University", "answer_start": 576}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ranked New York as the most walkable large US city in 2015?", "id": "56d11cb517492d1400aab9b9", "answers": [{"text": "Walk Score", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York's high rate of public transit use, over 200,000 daily cyclists as of 2014, and many pedestrian commuters make it the most energy-efficient major city in the United States. Walk and bicycle modes of travel account for 21% of all modes for trips in the city; nationally the rate for metro regions is about 8%. In both its 2011 and 2015 rankings, Walk Score named New York City the most walkable large city in the United States. Citibank sponsored the introduction of 10,000 public bicycles for the city's bike-share project in the summer of 2013. Research conducted by Quinnipiac University showed that a majority of New Yorkers support the initiative. New York City's numerical \"in-season cycling indicator\" of bicycling in the city hit an all-time high in 2013."}], ["Ruang udara New York adalah yang paling sibuk di Amerika Syarikat dan salah satu koridor pengangkutan udara tersibuk di dunia. Tiga lapangan terbang tersibuk di kawasan metropolitan New York termasuk Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa John F. Kennedy, Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Newark Liberty, dan Lapangan Terbang LaGuardia; 109 juta pelancong menggunakan ketiga-tiga lapangan terbang ini pada tahun 2012, dan ruang udara bandaraya adalah yang paling sibuk di negara ini. JFK dan Newark Liberty adalah gerbang AUS tersibuk dan keempat tersibuk untuk masing-masing penumpang udara antarabangsa pada tahun 2012; Sehingga 2011, JFK merupakan lapangan terbang paling sibuk bagi penumpang antarabangsa di Amerika Utara. Rancangan telah maju untuk mengembangkan jumlah penumpang di lapangan terbang keempat, Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Stewart berhampiran Newburgh, New York, oleh Pihak Berkuasa Pelabuhan New York dan New Jersey. Rancangan telah diumumkan pada bulan Julai 2015 untuk membina semula Lapangan Terbang LaGuardia sepenuhnya dalam projek berjuta-juta dolar untuk menggantikan kemudahan penuaannya. <> Tiga lapangan terbang yang mempunyai kebanyakan orang datang melalui mereka di NYC yang mana? || Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa John F. Kennedy, Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Newark Liberty, dan Lapangan Terbang LaGuardia <> Apa lapangan terbang kedua sibuk di kawasan metro New York? || Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Newark Liberty <> Pada tahun 2011, lapangan terbang apa yang paling ramai pelancong di Amerika Utara melawat? || Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa John F. Kennedy <> Apa bandar raya Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Stewart terletak berhampiran? || Newburgh, New York <> Berapa ramai pelancong melawat JFK, LaGuardia dan Newark Liberty pada tahun 2012? || 109 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "The three airports that have the most people come through them in NYC are which?", "id": "56d009f6234ae51400d9c2b9", "answers": [{"text": "John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the second busiest airport in the New York metro area?", "id": "56d1186417492d1400aab912", "answers": [{"text": "Newark Liberty International Airport", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2011, what airport did the most international travelers in North America visit?", "id": "56d1186417492d1400aab913", "answers": [{"text": "John F. Kennedy International Airport", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city is Stewart International Airport located close to?", "id": "56d1186417492d1400aab914", "answers": [{"text": "Newburgh, New York", "answer_start": 717}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many travelers visited JFK, LaGuardia and Newark Liberty in 2012?", "id": "56d1186417492d1400aab915", "answers": [{"text": "109 million", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York's airspace is the busiest in the United States and one of the world's busiest air transportation corridors. The three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area include John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport; 109 million travelers used these three airports in 2012, and the city's airspace is the busiest in the nation. JFK and Newark Liberty were the busiest and fourth busiest U.S. gateways for international air passengers, respectively, in 2012; as of 2011, JFK was the busiest airport for international passengers in North America. Plans have advanced to expand passenger volume at a fourth airport, Stewart International Airport near Newburgh, New York, by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Plans were announced in July 2015 to entirely rebuild LaGuardia Airport in a multibillion-dollar project to replace its aging facilities."}], ["Pengangkutan awam sangat penting di New York City. 54.6% daripada warga New York bertukar kerja pada tahun 2005 menggunakan transit massa. Ini berbeza dengan seluruh Amerika Syarikat, di mana kira-kira 90% pengguna memandu kereta ke tempat kerja mereka. Menurut Biro Banci Amerika Syarikat, penduduk New York City menghabiskan purata 38.4 minit sehari untuk bekerja, masa perjalanan terpanjang di negara di kalangan bandar-bandar besar. New York adalah satu-satunya bandar AS di mana majoriti (52%) isi rumah tidak mempunyai kereta; hanya 22% daripada Manhattan mempunyai kereta. Oleh kerana penggunaan transit massa yang tinggi, New York membelanjakan kurang pendapatan rumah tangga mereka dalam pengangkutan daripada purata negara, menjimatkan $ 19000000000 setahun pada pengangkutan berbanding dengan penduduk Amerika yang lain. <> Berapa minit yang diambil purata New Yorker untuk bekerja? || 38.4 <> Berapa peratus daripada New York menggunakan pengangkutan awam untuk berkerja? || 54.6 <> Berapa peratus daripada orang yang tinggal di Manhattan memiliki kereta? || 22 <> Pada tahun 2005, berapa peratus penduduk New York menggunakan transit massa untuk dapat bekerja? || 54.6% <> Berapa peratuskah kereta pemanduan Amerika untuk berfungsi? || 90% <> Dalam beberapa minit, berapa lama diperlukan New Yorker untuk bekerja? || 38.4 <> Berapa peratus isi rumah New York tidak memiliki kereta? || 52% <> Berapa peratus penduduk Manhattan memiliki kereta? || 22%", {"qas": [{"question": "How many minutes does it take the average New Yorker to get to work?", "id": "56d00813234ae51400d9c2ad", "answers": [{"text": "38.4", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of New Yorkers use public transportation to get to work?", "id": "56d00813234ae51400d9c2af", "answers": [{"text": "54.6", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of people living in Manhattan own a car?", "id": "56d00813234ae51400d9c2b0", "answers": [{"text": "22", "answer_start": 502}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2005, what percentage of New York residents used mass transit to get to work?", "id": "56d114ae17492d1400aab8ba", "answers": [{"text": "54.6%", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Americans drive cars to work?", "id": "56d114ae17492d1400aab8bb", "answers": [{"text": "90%", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In minutes, how long does it take for the average New Yorker to get to work?", "id": "56d114ae17492d1400aab8bc", "answers": [{"text": "38.4", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of New York households don't own an automobile?", "id": "56d114ae17492d1400aab8bd", "answers": [{"text": "52%", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Manhattan residents own an automobile?", "id": "56d114ae17492d1400aab8be", "answers": [{"text": "22%", "answer_start": 502}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Public transport is essential in New York City. 54.6% of New Yorkers commuted to work in 2005 using mass transit. This is in contrast to the rest of the United States, where about 90% of commuters drive automobiles to their workplace. According to the US Census Bureau, New York City residents spend an average of 38.4 minutes a day getting to work, the longest commute time in the nation among large cities. New York is the only US city in which a majority (52%) of households do not have a car; only 22% of Manhattanites own a car. Due to their high usage of mass transit, New Yorkers spend less of their household income on transportation than the national average, saving $19 billion annually on transportation compared to other urban Americans."}], ["New York City dibekalkan dengan air minuman oleh kawasan perairan Catskill Mountains yang dilindungi. Sebagai hasil integriti air dan sistem penapisan air semulajadi yang tidak terganggu, New York merupakan salah satu daripada empat bandar utama di Amerika Syarikat yang kebanyakannya minuman airnya cukup murni untuk tidak memerlukan pembersihan oleh loji rawatan air. Pelabuhan bawah tanah Croton di utara bandar sedang menjalani pembinaan kilang penulenan air bernilai AS $ 3.2 bilion untuk menambah bekalan air New York City dengan anggaran 290 juta gelen setiap hari, mewakili lebih daripada 20% tambahan kepada ketersediaan air semasa di bandar ini. Peluasan Terowong Air Terjun New York No. 3, yang merupakan sebahagian daripada sistem bekalan air New York City, adalah projek pembinaan modal terbesar dalam sejarah bandar. <> Siapa yang membekalkan NYC dengan air yang boleh diminum? || Catskill Mountains watershed <> Dari apa julat gunung mana air minum New York berasal? || Pergunungan Catskill <> Berapa banyak yang dibelanjakan untuk loji penulenan air di Air Terjun Croton? || US $ 3.2 bilion Selepas tumbuhan pembersihan air di DAS Croton dibina, berapa banyak lagi air akan ditambah ke bekalan kota setiap hari? || 290 juta gelen <> Berapa peratus peningkatan dalam bekalan air akan dapat dilihat oleh bandar selepas loji Croton Watershed selesai? || 20% <> Dalam arah geografis apakah perjalanan New York untuk sampai ke Pelabuhan Air Croton? || utara", {"qas": [{"question": "Who supplies NYC with drinkable water?", "id": "56d00c3f234ae51400d9c2d6", "answers": [{"text": "Catskill Mountains watershed", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what mountain range does New York's drinking water come from?", "id": "56d11dd317492d1400aab9c9", "answers": [{"text": "Catskill Mountains", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much is being spent on a water purification plant at the Croton Watershed?", "id": "56d11dd317492d1400aab9ca", "answers": [{"text": "US$3.2 billion", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After the water purification plant at the Croton Watershed is built, how much more water will be added to the city's supply each day?", "id": "56d11dd317492d1400aab9cb", "answers": [{"text": "290 million gallons", "answer_start": 520}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percent increase in water supply will the city see after the Croton Watershed plant is finished?", "id": "56d11dd317492d1400aab9cc", "answers": [{"text": "20%", "answer_start": 575}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what geographical direction would a New Yorker travel to reach the Croton Watershed?", "id": "56d11dd317492d1400aab9cd", "answers": [{"text": "north", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City is supplied with drinking water by the protected Catskill Mountains watershed. As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration system, New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purification by water treatment plants. The Croton Watershed north of the city is undergoing construction of a US$3.2 billion water purification plant to augment New York City's water supply by an estimated 290 million gallons daily, representing a greater than 20% addition to the city's current availability of water. The ongoing expansion of New York City Water Tunnel No. 3, an integral part of the New York City water supply system, is the largest capital construction project in the city's history."}], ["Pulau Manhattan dikaitkan dengan bandar-bandar luar New York City dan New Jersey oleh beberapa terowong juga. Terowongan Lincoln, yang membawa 120,000 kenderaan sehari di bawah Sungai Hudson antara New Jersey dan Midtown Manhattan, adalah terowong kenderaan paling sibuk di dunia. Terowong itu dibina dan bukan jambatan untuk membolehkan laluan kapal penumpang dan kargo besar yang melintasi Pelabuhan New York dan menaiki Sungai Hudson ke jeti Manhattan. Terowong Holland, yang menghubungkan Lower Manhattan ke Jersey City, New Jersey, adalah terowong kenderaan mekanikal pertama di dunia ketika dibuka pada tahun 1927. Terowong Queens-Midtown, yang dibina untuk meringankan kesesakan di jambatan yang menghubungkan Manhattan dengan Queens dan Brooklyn, adalah projek bukan persekutuan yang terbesar pada waktunya apabila ia selesai pada tahun 1940. Presiden Franklin D. Roosevelt adalah orang pertama yang memandu melaluinya. Terowong Carey Hugh L. berjalan di bawah Battery Park dan menghubungkan Daerah Kewangan di hujung selatan Manhattan ke Red Hook di Brooklyn. <> Terowong mana yang melakukan 120,000 kenderaan melalui satu hari di NYC? || Tunnel Lincoln <> Terowong Holland dibuka pada tahun berapa? || 1927 <> Tunnel Queens-Midtown selesai dalam tahun berapa? || 1940 <> Siapa yang pertama yang memandu melalui Tunnel Queens-Midtown? || Presiden Franklin D. Roosevelt <> Berapa banyak kenderaan menggunakan Terowong Lincoln setiap hari? || 120,000 <> Apa badan air di atas Terowong Lincoln? || Sungai Hudson <> Borough apa yang dihubungkan ke New Jersey melalui Terowong Lincoln? || Manhattan <> Di mana bandar New Jersey adakah Holland Tunnel ditamatkan? || Jersey City <> Siapa yang memandu melalui Tunnel Queens-Midtown sebelum orang lain? || Franklin D. Roosevelt", {"qas": [{"question": "Which tunnel do 120,000 vehicles travel through a day in NYC?", "id": "56d00bc5234ae51400d9c2cb", "answers": [{"text": "The Lincoln Tunnel", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Holland Tunnel opened in what year?", "id": "56d00bc5234ae51400d9c2cc", "answers": [{"text": "1927", "answer_start": 614}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Queens-Midtown Tunnel was finished in what year?", "id": "56d00bc5234ae51400d9c2cd", "answers": [{"text": "1940", "answer_start": 810}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first person to drive through The Queens-Midtown Tunnel?", "id": "56d00bc5234ae51400d9c2ce", "answers": [{"text": "President Franklin D. Roosevelt", "answer_start": 816}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many vehicles utilize the Lincoln Tunnel daily?", "id": "56d11bca17492d1400aab9a1", "answers": [{"text": "120,000", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body of water is above the Lincoln Tunnel?", "id": "56d11bca17492d1400aab9a2", "answers": [{"text": "Hudson River", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What borough is connected to New Jersey via the Lincoln Tunnel?", "id": "56d11bca17492d1400aab9a3", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what New Jersey city does the Holland Tunnel terminate?", "id": "56d11bca17492d1400aab9a4", "answers": [{"text": "Jersey City", "answer_start": 508}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who drove through the Queens-Midtown Tunnel before anyone else?", "id": "56d11bca17492d1400aab9a5", "answers": [{"text": "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "answer_start": 826}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Manhattan Island is linked to New York City's outer boroughs and New Jersey by several tunnels as well. The Lincoln Tunnel, which carries 120,000 vehicles a day under the Hudson River between New Jersey and Midtown Manhattan, is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world. The tunnel was built instead of a bridge to allow unfettered passage of large passenger and cargo ships that sailed through New York Harbor and up the Hudson River to Manhattan's piers. The Holland Tunnel, connecting Lower Manhattan to Jersey City, New Jersey, was the world's first mechanically ventilated vehicular tunnel when it opened in 1927. The Queens-Midtown Tunnel, built to relieve congestion on the bridges connecting Manhattan with Queens and Brooklyn, was the largest non-federal project in its time when it was completed in 1940. President Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first person to drive through it. The Hugh L. Carey Tunnel runs underneath Battery Park and connects the Financial District at the southern tip of Manhattan to Red Hook in Brooklyn."}], ["Kawasan New York adalah rumah kepada corak ucapan serantau khas yang dinamakan dialek New York, atau dikenali sebagai Brooklynese atau New York. Ia secara amnya dianggap salah satu aksen yang paling dikenali dalam bahasa Inggeris Amerika. Versi klasik dialek ini berpusat pada orang tengah dan pekerja kelas keturunan Eropah. Walau bagaimanapun, kemasukan pendatang bukan Eropah dalam beberapa dekad kebelakangan ini telah membawa kepada perubahan dalam dialek tersendiri ini, dan bentuk tradisional corak pertuturan ini tidak lagi lazim di kalangan orang New York umum seperti dahulu. <> Bersama dengan New York, apakah nama lain untuk dialek New York? || Brooklynese", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with New Yorkese, what is another name for the New York dialect?", "id": "56d10ccf17492d1400aab820", "answers": [{"text": "Brooklynese", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The New York area is home to a distinctive regional speech pattern called the New York dialect, alternatively known as Brooklynese or New Yorkese. It has generally been considered one of the most recognizable accents within American English. The classic version of this dialect is centered on middle and working-class people of European descent. However, the influx of non-European immigrants in recent decades has led to changes in this distinctive dialect, and the traditional form of this speech pattern is no longer as prevalent among general New Yorkers as in the past."}], ["Setiap tahun kemudahan HHC menyediakan kira-kira 225,000 kemasukan, satu juta lawatan bilik kecemasan dan lima juta klinik lawatan ke New Yorkers. Kemudahan HHC merawat hampir seperlima daripada semua pelepasan hospital umum dan lebih dari satu pertiga bilik kecemasan dan lawatan klinik berasaskan hospital di New York City. <> Berapa ramai orang yang diterima masuk ke institusi HHC setiap tahun? || 225,000 <> Berapa ramai orang melawat bilik kecemasan HHC setiap tahun? || satu juta <> Berapa ramai orang melawat klinik HHC setiap tahun? || lima juta <> Seberapa banyak pecahan hospital umum menerima rawatan di HHC? || seperlima <> Seberapa kecil pecahan bilik darurat menerima rawatan di HHC? || satu per tiga", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people are admitted to HHC institutions annually?", "id": "56d104d117492d1400aab73e", "answers": [{"text": "225,000", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people visit HHC emergency rooms every year?", "id": "56d104d117492d1400aab73f", "answers": [{"text": "one million", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people visit HHC clinics annually?", "id": "56d104d117492d1400aab740", "answers": [{"text": "five million", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What fraction of general hospital discharges receive treatment at HHC?", "id": "56d104d117492d1400aab741", "answers": [{"text": "one-fifth", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What fraction of emergency room visits receive treatment at HHC?", "id": "56d104d117492d1400aab742", "answers": [{"text": "one third", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Each year HHC's facilities provide about 225,000 admissions, one million emergency room visits and five million clinic visits to New Yorkers. HHC facilities treat nearly one-fifth of all general hospital discharges and more than one third of emergency room and hospital-based clinic visits in New York City."}], ["New York City telah digambarkan sebagai modal budaya dunia oleh konsulat diplomatik Iceland dan Latvia dan oleh Kolej Baruch New York. Buku yang mengandungi satu siri esei bertajuk New York, ibukota budaya dunia, 1940-1965 juga telah diterbitkan sebagai dipamerkan oleh Perpustakaan Negara Australia. Dalam menggambarkan New York, pengarang Tom Wolfe berkata, \"Kebudayaan hanya kelihatan di udara, seperti sebahagian cuaca.\" <> Siapa mengulas di New York bahawa \"kebudayaan hanya kelihatan di udara, seperti bahagian cuaca\"? || Tom Wolfe <> Dalam apa perpustakaan boleh buku New York, ibukota budaya dunia, 1940-1965 dijumpai? || Perpustakaan Negara Australia <> Institusi pengajian tinggi apakah yang menggambarkan New York sebagai ibukota budaya di dunia? || Baruch College <> Bersama dengan Latvia, konsulat negara apa yang dipanggil New York ibukota budaya dunia? || Iceland", {"qas": [{"question": "Who commented on New York that \"culture just seems to be in the air, like part of the weather\"?", "id": "56d1089117492d1400aab7ac", "answers": [{"text": "Tom Wolfe", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what library can the book New York, culture capital of the world, 1940\u20131965 be found?", "id": "56d1089117492d1400aab7ad", "answers": [{"text": "the National Library of Australia", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What institution of higher education has described New York as the cultural capital of the world?", "id": "56d1089117492d1400aab7ae", "answers": [{"text": "Baruch College", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Latvia, the consulate of what country has called New York the cultural capital of the world?", "id": "56d1089117492d1400aab7af", "answers": [{"text": "Iceland", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City has been described as the cultural capital of the world by the diplomatic consulates of Iceland and Latvia and by New York's Baruch College. A book containing a series of essays titled New York, culture capital of the world, 1940\u20131965 has also been published as showcased by the National Library of Australia. In describing New York, author Tom Wolfe said, \"Culture just seems to be in the air, like part of the weather.\""}], ["Para ahli sosiologi dan kriminologi belum mencapai kata sepakat mengenai penjelasan penurunan dramatik dalam kadar jenayah di bandar ini. Sesetengah menimbulkan fenomena untuk taktik baru yang digunakan oleh NYPD, termasuk penggunaan CompStat dan teori tingkap pecah. Lain-lain memetik akhir wabak retak dan perubahan demografi, termasuk dari imigresen. Teori lain ialah pendedahan yang meluas untuk pencemaran plumbum dari ekzos kereta, yang dapat mengurangkan kepintaran dan meningkatkan tahap pencerobohan, menghasut gelombang kejahatan awal pada pertengahan abad ke-20, yang paling banyak mempengaruhi bandar-bandar yang banyak diperdagangkan seperti New York. Hubungan kukuh didapati menunjukkan bahawa kadar jenayah ganas di New York dan bandar-bandar besar yang lain mula jatuh selepas petunjuk telah dikeluarkan dari petrol Amerika pada tahun 1970-an. Teori lain yang dijelaskan untuk menjelaskan kadar pembunuhan beramai-ramai di New York City adalah korelasi songsang antara jumlah pembunuhan dan iklim yang semakin lembap di bandar. <> Terlibat dengan apa jenis pencemaran telah berteori untuk meningkatkan pencerobohan? || Arahan <> Penurunan jenayah di New York kadang-kadang dikaitkan dengan penurunan obat-obatan jalanan apa? || retak", {"qas": [{"question": "Being exposed to what type of pollution has been theorized to increase aggression?", "id": "56d106be17492d1400aab774", "answers": [{"text": "lead", "answer_start": 395}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The decrease in crime in New York is sometimes attributed to the decline of what street drug?", "id": "56d106be17492d1400aab775", "answers": [{"text": "crack", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Sociologists and criminologists have not reached consensus on the explanation for the dramatic decrease in the city's crime rate. Some attribute the phenomenon to new tactics used by the NYPD, including its use of CompStat and the broken windows theory. Others cite the end of the crack epidemic and demographic changes, including from immigration. Another theory is that widespread exposure to lead pollution from automobile exhaust, which can lower intelligence and increase aggression levels, incited the initial crime wave in the mid-20th century, most acutely affecting heavily trafficked cities like New York. A strong correlation was found demonstrating that violent crime rates in New York and other big cities began to fall after lead was removed from American gasoline in the 1970s. Another theory cited to explain New York City's falling homicide rate is the inverse correlation between the number of murders and the increasingly wetter climate in the city."}], ["Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, berlabuh Lincoln Square di Upper West Side of Manhattan, adalah rumah kepada banyak organisasi seni berpengaruh, termasuk Metropolitan Opera, Opera New York City, New York Philharmonic, dan New York City Ballet, serta Teater Vivian Beaumont, Sekolah Juilliard, Jazz di Lincoln Center, dan Alice Tully Hall. Institut Teater dan Filem Lee Strasberg berada di Union Square, dan Sekolah Seni Tisch berpangkalan di New York University, sementara Central Park SummerStage menyajikan persembahan drama dan muzik percuma di Central Park. <> Dalam borough apa yang Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts terletak? || Manhattan <> Di mana bahagian Manhattan bolehkah anda menemui Lincoln Square? || Upper West Side <> Dalam apa persegi adalah teater yang dinamakan sempena Lee Strasberg terletak? || Union Square <> Di mana institusi pengajian tinggi adalah Tisch School of the Arts yang terletak? || New York University <> Di mana taman New York bolehkah seseorang menemui persembahan tanpa sebarang kos? || Dataran Merdeka", {"qas": [{"question": "In what borough is the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts located?", "id": "56d10b9a17492d1400aab7f8", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what part of Manhattan can you find Lincoln Square?", "id": "56d10b9a17492d1400aab7f9", "answers": [{"text": "Upper West Side", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what square is the theater named after Lee Strasberg located?", "id": "56d10b9a17492d1400aab7fa", "answers": [{"text": "Union Square", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what institution of higher education is the Tisch School of the Arts located?", "id": "56d10b9a17492d1400aab7fb", "answers": [{"text": "New York University", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what New York park can one find performances at no cost?", "id": "56d10b9a17492d1400aab7fc", "answers": [{"text": "Central Park", "answer_start": 499}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, anchoring Lincoln Square on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, is home to numerous influential arts organizations, including the Metropolitan Opera, New York City Opera, New York Philharmonic, and New York City Ballet, as well as the Vivian Beaumont Theater, the Juilliard School, Jazz at Lincoln Center, and Alice Tully Hall. The Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute is in Union Square, and Tisch School of the Arts is based at New York University, while Central Park SummerStage presents performances of free plays and music in Central Park."}], ["Banyak penyelidikan saintifik di bandar dilakukan dalam bidang perubatan dan sains hayat. New York City mempunyai ijazah sains hayat yang paling pasca siswazah yang dianugerahkan setiap tahun di Amerika Syarikat, dengan 127 penerima Nobel yang mempunyai akar di institusi tempatan pada tahun 2004; sementara pada tahun 2012, 43,523 doktor berlesen berlatih di New York City. Institusi penyelidikan biomedical utama termasuk Pusat Kanser Memorial Sloan-Kettering, Universiti Rockefeller, Pusat Perubatan SUNY Downstate, Kolej Perubatan Albert Einstein, Sekolah Perubatan Gunung Sinai, dan Kolej Perubatan Weill Cornell, yang menyertai Institut Cornell University / Technion-Israel Usaha teknologi di Pulau Roosevelt. <> Sehingga tahun 2012, berapa ramai doktor yang bekerja di New York City? || 43,523 <> Di mana Institut Teknologi Cornell University / Technion-Israel terletak? || Roosevelt Island <> Sehingga tahun 2004, berapa ramai pemenang Hadiah Nobel berakar di institusi New York? || 127", {"qas": [{"question": "As of 2012, how many physicians were working in New York City?", "id": "56d101b117492d1400aab712", "answers": [{"text": "43,523", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Cornell University/Technion-Israel Institute of Technology located?", "id": "56d101b117492d1400aab713", "answers": [{"text": "Roosevelt Island", "answer_start": 673}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of 2004, how many Nobel Prize winners had roots in New York institutions?", "id": "56d101b117492d1400aab714", "answers": [{"text": "127", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Much of the scientific research in the city is done in medicine and the life sciences. New York City has the most post-graduate life sciences degrees awarded annually in the United States, with 127 Nobel laureates having roots in local institutions as of 2004; while in 2012, 43,523 licensed physicians were practicing in New York City. Major biomedical research institutions include Memorial Sloan\u2013Kettering Cancer Center, Rockefeller University, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, and Weill Cornell Medical College, being joined by the Cornell University/Technion-Israel Institute of Technology venture on Roosevelt Island."}], ["Ahli-ahli Majlis dan ahli majlis dipilih untuk tempoh empat tahun. Majlis Bandaraya adalah sebuah badan unicameral yang terdiri daripada 51 ahli majlis yang distriknya ditentukan oleh sempadan penduduk geografi. Setiap istilah bagi ahli majlis Datuk Bandar dan majlis berlangsung selama empat tahun dan mempunyai tiga tempoh berturut-turut, tetapi boleh disambung semula selepas rehat selama empat tahun. Kod Pentadbiran Bandar Raya New York, Kaedah-Kaedah Bandar Raya New York, dan Rekod Bandar adalah kod undang-undang tempatan, penyusunan peraturan, dan jurnal rasmi masing-masing. <> Berapa ramai ahli di majlis bandar NYC? || 51 <> Berapa banyak istilah yang boleh diberikan oleh NYC dalam jumlah keseluruhan? || tiga <> Berapakah tempoh ahli majlis Bandar Raya New York? || empat tahun <> Berapa banyak ahli majlis duduk di Majlis Bandaraya? || 51 <> Berapa banyak istilah berturut-turut boleh seseorang berkhidmat sebagai Datuk Bandar? || tiga <> Apakah jurnal rasmi New York City? || Rekod Bandar <> Jika seseorang berfungsi tiga kali berturut-turut sebagai datuk bandar dan mahu berlari kembali, berapa tahun yang perlu mereka tunggu? || empat", {"qas": [{"question": "How many members are on the NYC city council?", "id": "56d00cce234ae51400d9c2de", "answers": [{"text": "51", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many terms can the mayjor of NYC serve in total?", "id": "56d00cce234ae51400d9c2df", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the duration of a New York City councilperson's term?", "id": "56d11f3717492d1400aab9e0", "answers": [{"text": "four-year", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many councilors sit on the City Council?", "id": "56d11f3717492d1400aab9e1", "answers": [{"text": "51", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many terms in a row can a person serve as mayor?", "id": "56d11f3717492d1400aab9e2", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the official journal of New York City?", "id": "56d11f3717492d1400aab9e3", "answers": [{"text": "the City Record", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If someone serves three consecutive terms as mayor and wants to run again, how many years must they wait?", "id": "56d11f3717492d1400aab9e4", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Mayor and council members are elected to four-year terms. The City Council is a unicameral body consisting of 51 council members whose districts are defined by geographic population boundaries. Each term for the mayor and council members lasts four years and has a three consecutive-term limit, but can resume after a four-year break. The New York City Administrative Code, the New York City Rules, and the City Record are the code of local laws, compilation of regulations, and official journal, respectively."}], ["New York City adalah rumah kepada beratus-ratus institusi kebudayaan dan tempat-tempat bersejarah, yang kebanyakannya dikenali di peringkat antarabangsa. Muzium Mile adalah nama untuk seksyen Fifth Avenue yang berjalan dari jalan ke 82 hingga ke 105 di Upper East Side of Manhattan, di kawasan yang kadang-kadang disebut Upper Carnegie Hill. The Mile, yang mengandungi salah satu paparan terpadat budaya di dunia, sebenarnya tiga blok lebih daripada satu batu (1.6 km). Sepuluh muzium menduduki panjang bahagian Fifth Avenue ini. Muzium kesepuluh, Muzium untuk Seni Afrika, menyertai ensemble pada tahun 2009, namun Muzium di 110th Street, muzium baru yang pertama dibina di Mile sejak Guggenheim pada tahun 1959, dibuka pada akhir tahun 2012. Selain pengaturcaraan lain, muzium bekerjasama untuk Festival Muzium Mile tahunan, yang diadakan setiap tahun pada bulan Jun, untuk mempromosikan muzium dan meningkatkan kunjungan. Banyak lelongan seni yang paling lumayan di dunia yang diadakan di New York City. <> Apa jalan raya New York terletak di Muzium Mile? || Fifth Avenue <> Di mana borough terletak Muzium Mile? || Manhattan <> Bilakah Guggenheim dibina? || 1959 <> Pada tahun berapa adalah pembukaan besar Muzium Seni Afrika di 110th Street? || 2012 <> Di mana bahagian Manhattan adalah Muzium Mile yang terletak? || Upper East Side", {"qas": [{"question": "What New York thoroughfare is Museum Mile located on?", "id": "56d10c1f17492d1400aab806", "answers": [{"text": "Fifth Avenue", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what borough is Museum Mile located?", "id": "56d10c1f17492d1400aab807", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Guggenheim built?", "id": "56d10c1f17492d1400aab808", "answers": [{"text": "1959", "answer_start": 672}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the grand opening of the Museum for African Art on 110th Street?", "id": "56d10c1f17492d1400aab809", "answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 693}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what part of Manhattan is the Museum Mile located?", "id": "56d10c1f17492d1400aab80a", "answers": [{"text": "Upper East Side", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City is home to hundreds of cultural institutions and historic sites, many of which are internationally known. Museum Mile is the name for a section of Fifth Avenue running from 82nd to 105th streets on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, in an area sometimes called Upper Carnegie Hill. The Mile, which contains one of the densest displays of culture in the world, is actually three blocks longer than one mile (1.6 km). Ten museums occupy the length of this section of Fifth Avenue. The tenth museum, the Museum for African Art, joined the ensemble in 2009, however its Museum at 110th Street, the first new museum constructed on the Mile since the Guggenheim in 1959, opened in late 2012. In addition to other programming, the museums collaborate for the annual Museum Mile Festival, held each year in June, to promote the museums and increase visitation. Many of the world's most lucrative art auctions are held in New York City."}], ["Aksen kawasan New York tradisional dicirikan sebagai non-rhotic, supaya bunyi [\u0279] tidak muncul pada akhir suku kata atau segera sebelum konsonan; Oleh itu sebutan nama bandar sebagai \"New Yawk.\" Tidak ada [\u0279] dalam kata-kata seperti park [p\u0251\u0259k] atau [p\u0252\u0259k] (dengan vokal disokong dan diphthongized disebabkan oleh peralihan rantaian rendah), mentega [b\u028c\u027e\u0259], atau di sini [hi\u0259]. Dalam satu lagi ciri yang disebut pergeseran rantai belakang rendah, bunyi vokal [\u0254] kata-kata seperti ceramah, undang-undang, salib, coklat, dan kopi dan selalunya homophonous [\u0254r] di teras dan lebih banyak dititik dan biasanya dibangkitkan lebih banyak daripada di Amerika Umum . Dalam versi yang paling lama dan ekstrem dialek New York, vokal bunyi kata-kata seperti \"gadis\" dan kata-kata seperti \"minyak\" menjadi diphthong [\u025c\u026a]. Ini sering menjadi salah dengan penceramah aksen-aksen lain sebagai pembalikan bunyi er dan oy, supaya gadis itu diucapkan \"goil\" dan minyak diucapkan \"erl\"; ini membawa kepada karikatur warga New York yang mengatakan perkara seperti \"Joizey\" (Jersey), \"Toidy-Toid Street\" (33rd St) dan \"terlet\" (tandas). Tokoh Archie Bunker dari sitkom All-in-1970 yang dimainkan oleh Carroll O'Connor adalah contoh yang ketara untuk menggunakan corak ucapan ini, yang terus memudar dalam kehadiran keseluruhannya. <> Apa sitkom yang ciri ciri Archie Bunker dalam? || Semua dalam Keluarga <> Pelakon apa yang berperan sebagai Archie Bunker? || Carroll O'Connor <> Apa transliterasi cara di mana orang New York dilihat untuk menyebut nama bandar mereka? || New Yawk", {"qas": [{"question": "What sitcom did the Archie Bunker character feature in?", "id": "56d10d4e17492d1400aab828", "answers": [{"text": "All in the Family", "answer_start": 1120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What actor performed the role of Archie Bunker?", "id": "56d10d4e17492d1400aab829", "answers": [{"text": "Carroll O'Connor", "answer_start": 1149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the transliteration of the way in which New Yorkers are perceived to pronounce the name of their city?", "id": "56d10d4e17492d1400aab82a", "answers": [{"text": "New Yawk", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The traditional New York area accent is characterized as non-rhotic, so that the sound [\u0279] does not appear at the end of a syllable or immediately before a consonant; hence the pronunciation of the city name as \"New Yawk.\" There is no [\u0279] in words like park [p\u0251\u0259k] or [p\u0252\u0259k] (with vowel backed and diphthongized due to the low-back chain shift), butter [b\u028c\u027e\u0259], or here [hi\u0259]. In another feature called the low back chain shift, the [\u0254] vowel sound of words like talk, law, cross, chocolate, and coffee and the often homophonous [\u0254r] in core and more are tensed and usually raised more than in General American. In the most old-fashioned and extreme versions of the New York dialect, the vowel sounds of words like \"girl\" and of words like \"oil\" became a diphthong [\u025c\u026a]. This would often be misperceived by speakers of other accents as a reversal of the er and oy sounds, so that girl is pronounced \"goil\" and oil is pronounced \"erl\"; this leads to the caricature of New Yorkers saying things like \"Joizey\" (Jersey), \"Toidy-Toid Street\" (33rd St.) and \"terlet\" (toilet). The character Archie Bunker from the 1970s sitcom All in the Family (played by Carroll O'Connor) was a notable example of having used this pattern of speech, which continues to fade in its overall presence."}], ["Parti Demokratik memegang majoriti pejabat awam. Sehingga November 2008, 67% pengundi berdaftar di bandar adalah Demokrat. New York City tidak dibawa oleh seorang Republikan dalam pilihan raya seluruh negara atau presiden sejak Presiden Calvin Coolidge memenangi lima daerah pada tahun 1924. Pada tahun 2012, Demokrat Barack Obama menjadi calon presiden pertama mana-mana pihak menerima lebih daripada 80% daripada keseluruhan mengundi di New York City, menyapu semua lima borough. Pusat platform parti pada perumahan yang mampu dimiliki, pendidikan, dan pembangunan ekonomi, dan politik buruh sangat penting di bandar. <> Yang mana parti politik memegang majoriti kebanyakan jawatan pejabat di NYC? || Demokrat <> Pada tahun 2008, berapa peratus pengundi adalah demokrat? || 67 <> Presiden AS mana yang menjadi yang pertama menerima lebih daripada 80 peratus undi NYC? || Barack Obama <> Apa tahun lalu bahawa seorang calon republikan memenangi semua empat daerah NYC? || 1924 <> Yang presiden memenangi semua NYC pada tahun 1924? || Calvin Coolidge <> Parti mana yang paling ramai pegawai awam di New York? || Parti Demokratik <> Pada November 2008, berapa orang New York didaftarkan sebagai Demokrat? || 67% <> Pada tahun apakah pemilihan presiden terakhir apabila seorang Republikan memenangi New York City? || 1924 <> Berapa banyak borough yang berjaya menang Barack Obama dalam pilihan raya presiden 2012? || lima <> Apa parti politik Calvin Coolidge seorang ahli? || Republikan", {"qas": [{"question": "Which political party holds the majority of most office terms in NYC?", "id": "56d00d6d234ae51400d9c2e4", "answers": [{"text": "Democrats", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2008, what percentage of voters were democrats?", "id": "56d00d6d234ae51400d9c2e5", "answers": [{"text": "67", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which US president became the first to receive over 80 percent of NYC votes?", "id": "56d00d6d234ae51400d9c2e6", "answers": [{"text": "Barack Obama", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the last year that a republican candidate won all four boroughs of NYC?", "id": "56d00d6d234ae51400d9c2e7", "answers": [{"text": "1924", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which president won all of NYC in 1924?", "id": "56d00d6d234ae51400d9c2e8", "answers": [{"text": "Calvin Coolidge", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What party are most public officials of New York members of?", "id": "56d120c117492d1400aaba0d", "answers": [{"text": "Democratic Party", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In November 2008, how many New Yorkers were registered as Democrats?", "id": "56d120c117492d1400aaba0e", "answers": [{"text": "67%", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the last presidential election when a Republican won New York City?", "id": "56d120c117492d1400aaba0f", "answers": [{"text": "1924", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many boroughs did Barack Obama win in the 2012 presidential election?", "id": "56d120c117492d1400aaba10", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What political party was Calvin Coolidge a member of?", "id": "56d120c117492d1400aaba11", "answers": [{"text": "Republican", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Democratic Party holds the majority of public offices. As of November 2008, 67% of registered voters in the city are Democrats. New York City has not been carried by a Republican in a statewide or presidential election since President Calvin Coolidge won the five boroughs in 1924. In 2012, Democrat Barack Obama became the first presidential candidate of any party to receive more than 80% of the overall vote in New York City, sweeping all five boroughs. Party platforms center on affordable housing, education, and economic development, and labor politics are of importance in the city."}], ["Projek transit kereta api multibillion US yang sedang dalam pembinaan di New York City termasuk Subway Kedua Avenue, projek Akses Timur Sampingan, dan 7 Subway Extension. <> Bersama dengan projek Akses Timur Side dan 7 Subway Extension, apa projek kereta api berat sedang dibina di New York City? || Subway Kedua Avenue", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with the East Side Access project and 7 Subway Extension, what heavy-rail project is being built in New York City?", "id": "56d1174417492d1400aab904", "answers": [{"text": "the Second Avenue Subway", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Multibillion US$ heavy-rail transit projects under construction in New York City include the Second Avenue Subway, the East Side Access project, and the 7 Subway Extension."}], ["Jambatan Queensboro adalah bahagian seni cantilever yang penting. Jambatan Manhattan, Jambatan Leher Throgs, Jambatan Triborough, dan Jambatan Verrazano-Narrows adalah semua contoh Ekspresi Struktural. <> Apa gaya seni bina yang mencerminkan Jambatan Neck Throgs? || Ekspresi Struktur <> The Queensboro Bridge menggunakan jenis pembinaan apa? || cantilever", {"qas": [{"question": "What architectural style does the Throgs Neck Bridge reflect?", "id": "56d11b4a17492d1400aab993", "answers": [{"text": "Structural Expressionism", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Queensboro Bridge utilized what type of construction?", "id": "56d11b4a17492d1400aab994", "answers": [{"text": "cantilever", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Queensboro Bridge is an important piece of cantilever architecture. The Manhattan Bridge, Throgs Neck Bridge, Triborough Bridge, and Verrazano-Narrows Bridge are all examples of Structural Expressionism."}], ["Transit massa di New York City, yang sebahagian besarnya berjalan 24 jam sehari, menyumbang satu dalam setiap tiga pengguna transit massa di Amerika Syarikat, dan dua pertiga dari pengendara kereta api negara tinggal di Kawasan Metropolitan New York City. <> Seberapa pecahan pengendara kereta api Amerika Syarikat memanggil rumah Metropolitan New York City? || dua pertiga", {"qas": [{"question": "What fraction of United States rail riders call the New York City Metropolitan Area home?", "id": "56d1109d17492d1400aab894", "answers": [{"text": "two-thirds", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Mass transit in New York City, most of which runs 24 hours a day, accounts for one in every three users of mass transit in the United States, and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders live in the New York City Metropolitan Area."}], ["Ciri-ciri lain dari infrastruktur pengangkutan bandar meliputi lebih daripada 12,000 teksi tak berwarna kuning; pelbagai syarikat rangkaian pengangkutan permulaan yang bersaing; dan sebuah trem udara yang mengangkut penumpang di antara Pulau Roosevelt dan Pulau Manhattan. <> Berapa banyak teksi kuning beroperasi di New York? || 12,000 <> Di mana trem udara yang bermula di Pulau Roosevelt ditamatkan? || Pulau Manhattan", {"qas": [{"question": "About how many yellow cabs operate in New York?", "id": "56d1191d17492d1400aab932", "answers": [{"text": "12,000", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the aerial tramway that starts on Roosevelt Island terminate?", "id": "56d1191d17492d1400aab933", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan Island", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Other features of the city's transportation infrastructure encompass more than 12,000 yellow taxicabs; various competing startup transportation network companies; and an aerial tramway that transports commuters between Roosevelt Island and Manhattan Island."}], ["Walaupun bergantung kepada sistem pengangkutan awam yang luas di New York, jalan-jalan merupakan ciri khas bandar. Pelan grid jalan Manhattan sangat mempengaruhi pembangunan fizikal bandar. Beberapa jalan dan jalan di bandar, seperti Broadway, Wall Street, Madison Avenue, dan Seventh Avenue juga digunakan sebagai metonym untuk industri-industri kebangsaan di sana: organisasi teater, kewangan, pengiklanan dan fesyen. <> Industri apa yang berkaitan dengan Broadway? || teater <> Industri apa yang dikaitkan dengan Wall Street? || kewangan <> Industri apa yang berkaitan dengan Madison Avenue? || pengiklanan <> Apa jalan New York dikaitkan dengan fesyen? || Seventh Avenue", {"qas": [{"question": "What industry is Broadway associated with?", "id": "56d1196917492d1400aab93f", "answers": [{"text": "the theater", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What industry is Wall Street associated with?", "id": "56d1196917492d1400aab940", "answers": [{"text": "finance", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What industry is Madison Avenue associated with?", "id": "56d1196917492d1400aab941", "answers": [{"text": "advertising", "answer_start": 379}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What New York street is associated with fashion?", "id": "56d1196917492d1400aab942", "answers": [{"text": "Seventh Avenue", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Despite New York's heavy reliance on its vast public transit system, streets are a defining feature of the city. Manhattan's street grid plan greatly influenced the city's physical development. Several of the city's streets and avenues, like Broadway, Wall Street, Madison Avenue, and Seventh Avenue are also used as metonyms for national industries there: the theater, finance, advertising, and fashion organizations, respectively."}], ["New York City terletak di salah satu pelabuhan semulajadi terbesar di dunia, dan wilayah Manhattan dan Staten Island adalah (terutama) dengan pulau dengan nama yang sama, sementara Queens dan Brooklyn terletak di hujung barat Long Island yang lebih besar, dan The Bronx terletak di hujung selatan tanah besar New York State. Keadaan borough yang dipisahkan oleh air menyebabkan pembangunan infrastruktur yang luas jambatan dan terowong. Hampir semua jambatan dan terowong utama di bandar ini terkenal, dan beberapa telah melanggar atau menetapkan rekod. <> Pulau apa yang terletak di Brooklyn? || Long Island <> Queens terletak di bahagian Long Island? || hujung barat <> Benteng Pulau Staten terutamanya terletak di pulau apa? || Staten Island", {"qas": [{"question": "What island is the borough of Brooklyn located on?", "id": "56d11a7617492d1400aab96f", "answers": [{"text": "Long Island", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Queens is located on what part of Long Island?", "id": "56d11a7617492d1400aab970", "answers": [{"text": "the west end", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The borough of Staten Island is primarily located on what island?", "id": "56d11a7617492d1400aab971", "answers": [{"text": "Staten Island", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City is located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, and the boroughs of Manhattan and Staten Island are (primarily) coterminous with islands of the same names, while Queens and Brooklyn are located at the west end of the larger Long Island, and The Bronx is located at the southern tip of New York State's mainland. This situation of boroughs separated by water led to the development of an extensive infrastructure of bridges and tunnels. Nearly all of the city's major bridges and tunnels are notable, and several have broken or set records."}], ["New York City juga mempunyai laman web lebuh raya dan jalan raya yang luas, yang menghubungkan bandar-bandar kecil antara satu sama lain serta ke utara New Jersey, Westchester County, Long Island, dan Connecticut barat daya melalui pelbagai jambatan dan terowong. Kerana lebuh raya ini menyediakan berjuta-juta penduduk di luar bandar dan pinggir bandar yang berulang-alik ke Manhattan, agak biasa bagi pengguna jalan raya untuk terkandas selama berjam-jam dalam kesesakan lalu lintas yang merupakan kejadian harian, terutamanya semasa jam sibuk. <> Pada masa yang mana pemandu di New York kemungkinan besar mengalami kemacetan lalu lintas? || jam sibuk <> Apa bahagian geografi Connecticut dikaitkan dengan New York melalui lebuh raya? || barat daya <> Apa bahagian New Jersey boleh dihubungi dari New York dengan menggunakan lebuh raya? || utara", {"qas": [{"question": "At what time are drivers in New York most likely to experience traffic jams?", "id": "56d119ec17492d1400aab947", "answers": [{"text": "rush hour", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What geographical portion of Connecticut is linked to New York via highway?", "id": "56d119ec17492d1400aab948", "answers": [{"text": "southwestern", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of New Jersey can be reached from New York by taking the expressway?", "id": "56d119ec17492d1400aab949", "answers": [{"text": "northern", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City also has an extensive web of expressways and parkways, which link the city's boroughs to each other as well as to northern New Jersey, Westchester County, Long Island, and southwestern Connecticut through various bridges and tunnels. Because these highways serve millions of outer borough and suburban residents who commute into Manhattan, it is quite common for motorists to be stranded for hours in traffic jams that are a daily occurrence, particularly during rush hour."}], ["Staten Island Rail Railway sistem transit semata-mata berfungsi Staten Island, beroperasi 24 jam sehari. Pihak Berkuasa Pelabuhan Trans-Hudson (kereta api PATH) menghubungkan Midtown dan Lower Manhattan ke timur laut New Jersey, terutamanya Hoboken, Jersey City, dan Newark. Sama seperti New York City Subway, PATH beroperasi 24 jam sehari; bermakna tiga daripada enam sistem transit pantas di dunia yang beroperasi pada jadual 24 jam adalah sepenuhnya atau sebahagiannya di New York (yang lain adalah sebahagian daripada Chicago 'L', PATCO Speedline yang melayani Philadelphia, dan Copenhagen Metro). <> Berapa sistem transit cepat 24 jam terletak di New York? || tiga <> Apa sistem transit pesat 24 jam di Philadelphia? || PATCO Speedline <> Sistem transit cepat 24 jam di luar Amerika Syarikat? || Copenhagen Metro <> Apa maksud PATH singkatan? || Lembaga Pelabuhan Trans-Hudson", {"qas": [{"question": "How many 24-hour rapid transit systems are located in New York?", "id": "56d1170417492d1400aab8fc", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What 24-hour rapid transit system is in Philadelphia?", "id": "56d1170417492d1400aab8fd", "answers": [{"text": "PATCO Speedline", "answer_start": 496}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What 24-hour rapid transit system is outside the United States?", "id": "56d1170417492d1400aab8fe", "answers": [{"text": "Copenhagen Metro", "answer_start": 542}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the acronym PATH stand for?", "id": "56d1170417492d1400aab8ff", "answers": [{"text": "Port Authority Trans-Hudson", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Staten Island Railway rapid transit system solely serves Staten Island, operating 24 hours a day. The Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH train) links Midtown and Lower Manhattan to northeastern New Jersey, primarily Hoboken, Jersey City, and Newark. Like the New York City Subway, the PATH operates 24 hours a day; meaning three of the six rapid transit systems in the world which operate on 24-hour schedules are wholly or partly in New York (the others are a portion of the Chicago 'L', the PATCO Speedline serving Philadelphia, and the Copenhagen Metro)."}], ["Dalam bola sepak, New York City diwakili oleh New York City FC Major League Soccer, yang bermain di rumah mereka di Stadium Yankee. New York Red Bulls bermain permainan di rumah mereka di Red Bull Arena di dekat Harrison, New Jersey. Secara sejarah, bandar ini terkenal dengan New York Cosmos, pasukan bola sepak profesional mantan profesional yang merupakan rumah Amerika Pel\u00e9, salah satu pemain bola sepak paling terkenal di dunia. Versi baru New York Cosmos dibentuk pada tahun 2010, dan mula bermain di bahagian kedua Liga Bola Sepak Amerika Utara pada tahun 2013. The Cosmos memainkan permainan rumah mereka di Stadium James M. Shuart di kampus Universiti Hofstra, di luar New Had York City di Hempstead, New York. <> Apakah francais Liga Utama Major yang berpusat di New York? || New York City FC <> Apa stadium yang dipanggil rumah New York City FC? || Stadium Yankee <> Di bandar apakah yang berdasarkan New York Red Bulls? || Harrison, New Jersey <> Apa pemain bola sepak terkenal yang bermain untuk New York Cosmos? || Pel\u00e9 <> Di mana institusi pengajian tinggi berada di Stadion James M. Shuart? || Universiti Hofstra", {"qas": [{"question": "What Major League Soccer franchise is based in New York?", "id": "56d10f6117492d1400aab86c", "answers": [{"text": "New York City FC", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What stadium does the New York City FC call home?", "id": "56d10f6117492d1400aab86d", "answers": [{"text": "Yankee Stadium", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city are the New York Red Bulls based?", "id": "56d10f6117492d1400aab86e", "answers": [{"text": "Harrison, New Jersey", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What famous soccer player played for the New York Cosmos?", "id": "56d10f6117492d1400aab86f", "answers": [{"text": "Pel\u00e9", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what institution of higher education is James M. Shuart Stadium located?", "id": "56d10f6117492d1400aab870", "answers": [{"text": "Hofstra University", "answer_start": 629}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In soccer, New York City is represented by New York City FC of Major League Soccer, who play their home games at Yankee Stadium. The New York Red Bulls play their home games at Red Bull Arena in nearby Harrison, New Jersey. Historically, the city is known for the New York Cosmos, the highly successful former professional soccer team which was the American home of Pel\u00e9, one of the world's most famous soccer players. A new version of the New York Cosmos was formed in 2010, and began play in the second division North American Soccer League in 2013. The Cosmos play their home games at James M. Shuart Stadium on the campus of Hofstra University, just outside the New York City limits in Hempstead, New York."}], ["Rangkaian kereta komuter di New York City adalah yang terbesar di Amerika Utara. Rangkaian kereta api, menghubungkan New York City ke pinggir bandarnya, terdiri daripada Long Island Rail Road, Metro-North Railroad, dan New Jersey Transit. Sistem gabungan berkumpul di Grand Central Terminal dan Stesen Pennsylvania dan mengandungi lebih daripada 250 stesen dan 20 laluan kereta api. Di Queens, sistem penggerak pesawat AirTrain yang bertaraf tinggi menghubungkan Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa JFK ke New York City Subway dan Long Island Rail Road; sistem AirTrain yang berasingan dirancang di samping Grand Central Parkway untuk menghubungkan Lapangan Terbang LaGuardia dengan sistem transit ini. Untuk kereta api interkom, New York City dihidangkan oleh Amtrak, yang merupakan stesen paling sibuk dengan margin yang signifikan adalah Stesen Pennsylvania di West Side of Manhattan, dari mana Amtrak menyediakan sambungan ke Boston, Philadelphia, dan Washington, DC di sepanjang Koridor Timur Laut, juga sebagai perkhidmatan kereta api jarak jauh ke bandar-bandar Amerika Utara yang lain. <> Berapa banyak jalur kereta api di rangkaian kereta api komuter New York City? || 20 <> Berapa banyak stesen yang mempunyai rangkaian kereta api komuter New York City? || 250 <> AirTrain mempunyai stesen di lapangan terbang apa? || Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa JFK <> Apa stesen Amtrak di New York melihat kegunaan paling? || Pennsylvania Station <> Dalam apa borough terletak di Pennsylvania Station? || Manhattan", {"qas": [{"question": "How many rail lines are there on New York City's commuter rail network?", "id": "56d115a317492d1400aab8d4", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many stations does New York City's commuter rail network have?", "id": "56d115a317492d1400aab8d5", "answers": [{"text": "250", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The AirTrain has a station at what airport?", "id": "56d115a317492d1400aab8d6", "answers": [{"text": "JFK International Airport", "answer_start": 412}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Amtrak station in New York sees the most use?", "id": "56d115a317492d1400aab8d7", "answers": [{"text": "Pennsylvania Station", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what borough is Pennsylvania Station located?", "id": "56d115a317492d1400aab8d8", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 771}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City's commuter rail network is the largest in North America. The rail network, connecting New York City to its suburbs, consists of the Long Island Rail Road, Metro-North Railroad, and New Jersey Transit. The combined systems converge at Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station and contain more than 250 stations and 20 rail lines. In Queens, the elevated AirTrain people mover system connects JFK International Airport to the New York City Subway and the Long Island Rail Road; a separate AirTrain system is planned alongside the Grand Central Parkway to connect LaGuardia Airport to these transit systems. For intercity rail, New York City is served by Amtrak, whose busiest station by a significant margin is Pennsylvania Station on the West Side of Manhattan, from which Amtrak provides connections to Boston, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C. along the Northeast Corridor, as well as long-distance train service to other North American cities."}], ["New York City memberi tumpuan untuk mengurangkan kesan alam sekitar dan jejak karbonnya. Penggunaan transit massa di New York City adalah yang tertinggi di Amerika Syarikat. Juga, pada tahun 2010, bandar ini mempunyai 3,715 teksi hibrid dan kenderaan diesel bersih yang lain, mewakili sekitar 28% daripada perkhidmatan teksi New York dalam perkhidmatan, kebanyakan mana-mana bandar di Amerika Utara. <> Berapa banyak cukai diesel dan hibrid bersih yang dilakukan New York City pada tahun 2010? || 3,715 <> Berapa peratus daripada armada teksi New York City bersih diesel atau hibrid pada tahun 2010? || 28%", {"qas": [{"question": "How many clean diesel and hybrid taxicabs did New York City have in 2010?", "id": "56d11c0717492d1400aab9ab", "answers": [{"text": "3,715", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the New York City cab fleet was clean diesel or hybrid in 2010?", "id": "56d11c0717492d1400aab9ac", "answers": [{"text": "28%", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City has focused on reducing its environmental impact and carbon footprint. Mass transit use in New York City is the highest in the United States. Also, by 2010, the city had 3,715 hybrid taxis and other clean diesel vehicles, representing around 28% of New York's taxi fleet in service, the most of any city in North America."}], ["New York City telah menjadi perbandaran metropolitan dengan bentuk majlis Datuk Bandar-majlis sejak penyatuannya pada tahun 1898. Kerajaan New York lebih terpusat daripada kebanyakan bandar-bandar A.S. yang lain. Di New York City, kerajaan bandar bertanggungjawab untuk pendidikan awam, institusi pemulihan, keselamatan awam, kemudahan rekreasi, sanitasi, bekalan air, dan perkhidmatan kebajikan. <> Jenis kerajaan apa yang ada di New York City? || Datuk Bandar-Majlis <> Pada tahun berapa Kota New York mengamalkan bentuk majlis Datuk Bandar-majlis? || 1898", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of government does New York City have?", "id": "56d11eb317492d1400aab9d9", "answers": [{"text": "mayor-council", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did New York City adopt the mayor-council form of government?", "id": "56d11eb317492d1400aab9da", "answers": [{"text": "1898", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York City has been a metropolitan municipality with a mayor-council form of government since its consolidation in 1898. The government of New York is more centralized than that of most other U.S. cities. In New York City, the city government is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, and welfare services."}], ["Setiap wilayah adalah bertentangan dengan daerah kehakiman sistem Mahkamah Bersatu negeri, di mana Mahkamah Jenayah dan Mahkamah Sivil adalah mahkamah tempatan, sedangkan Mahkamah Agung New York menjalankan ujian dan rayuan utama. Manhattan menjadi tuan rumah Jabatan Pertama Mahkamah Agung, Bahagian Rayuan manakala Brooklyn menjadi tuan rumah Jabatan Kedua. Terdapat juga beberapa mahkamah pentadbiran luar mahkamah, yang merupakan agensi eksekutif dan bukan sebahagian daripada sistem Mahkamah Bersatu negeri. <> Apa jabatan Mahkamah Agung bernombor di Brooklyn? || Kedua <> Dalam apa borough adalah Bahagian Rayuan Mahkamah Agung terletak? || Manhattan <> Apakah cawangan kerajaan adalah mahkamah pentadbiran sebahagian? || eksekutif", {"qas": [{"question": "What numbered department of the Supreme Court is located in Brooklyn?", "id": "56d11faa17492d1400aab9eb", "answers": [{"text": "Second", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what borough is the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court located?", "id": "56d11faa17492d1400aab9ec", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What branch of government are the administrative courts a part of?", "id": "56d11faa17492d1400aab9ed", "answers": [{"text": "executive", "answer_start": 418}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Each borough is coextensive with a judicial district of the state Unified Court System, of which the Criminal Court and the Civil Court are the local courts, while the New York Supreme Court conducts major trials and appeals. Manhattan hosts the First Department of the Supreme Court, Appellate Division while Brooklyn hosts the Second Department. There are also several extrajudicial administrative courts, which are executive agencies and not part of the state Unified Court System."}], ["Pada tahun 2006, Program Bandar Sister Kota New York, Inc. telah disusun semula dan dinamakan semula sebagai Rakan Kongsi Global New York City. New York City telah memperluas jangkauan antarabangsa melalui program ini ke rangkaian bandar raya di seluruh dunia, menggalakkan pertukaran idea dan inovasi antara warga negara dan pembuat dasar, menurut laman web bandar itu. Bandar bersejarah New York yang dilambangkan di bawah pada tahun mereka menyertai rangkaian perkongsian New York City. <> Apakah nama baru Program Bandar Sister Kota New York, Inc. || Pasangan Global New York City <> Dalam tahun berapakah Program Sister City di Kota New York, Inc. telah berubah nama? || 2006", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the new name of the Sister City Program of the City of New York, Inc.?", "id": "56d121d817492d1400aaba2d", "answers": [{"text": "New York City Global Partners", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Sister City Program of the City of New York, Inc. have its name changed?", "id": "56d121d817492d1400aaba2e", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2006, the Sister City Program of the City of New York, Inc. was restructured and renamed New York City Global Partners. New York City has expanded its international outreach via this program to a network of cities worldwide, promoting the exchange of ideas and innovation between their citizenry and policymakers, according to the city's website. New York's historic sister cities are denoted below by the year they joined New York City's partnership network."}], ["Kerajaan bandar adalah pempetisyen di Massachusetts v. Agensi Perlindungan Alam Sekitar, Mahkamah Agung, memaksa EPA untuk mengatur gas rumah kaca sebagai bahan cemar. Bandar ini juga merupakan pemimpin dalam pembinaan bangunan pejabat hijau yang cekap tenaga, termasuk Menara Hearst antara lain. Mayor Bill de Blasio telah berkomitmen untuk pengurangan 80% pelepasan gas rumah hijau antara 2014 dan 2050 untuk mengurangkan sumbangan bandar terhadap perubahan iklim, bermula dengan pelan komprehensif \"Green Buildings\". <> Apa pengurangan peratus daripada gas rumah hijau yang dapat dilihat oleh Mayor de Blasio menjelang tahun 2050? || 80% <> Apa nama bangunan pejabat hijau yang ketara di New York? || Hearst Tower <> Apa kes undang-undang yang cuba memaksa Agensi Perlindungan Alam Sekitar untuk gas rumah hijau biasa? || Massachusetts v. Agensi Perlindungan Alam Sekitar", {"qas": [{"question": "What percent reduction of greenhouse gases does Mayor de Blasio want to see by 2050?", "id": "56d11d3317492d1400aab9c3", "answers": [{"text": "80%", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of a notable green office building in New York?", "id": "56d11d3317492d1400aab9c4", "answers": [{"text": "Hearst Tower", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What legal case sought to compel the Environmental Protection Agency to regular greenhouse gases?", "id": "56d11d3317492d1400aab9c5", "answers": [{"text": "Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city government was a petitioner in the landmark Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency Supreme Court case forcing the EPA to regulate greenhouse gases as pollutants. The city is also a leader in the construction of energy-efficient green office buildings, including the Hearst Tower among others. Mayor Bill de Blasio has committed to an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions between 2014 and 2050 to reduce the city's contributions to climate change, beginning with a comprehensive \"Green Buildings\" plan."}], ["Newtown Creek, sebuah muara yang panjangnya 3.5 kilometer (6 kilometer) yang membentuk sebahagian sempadan antara borough Brooklyn dan Queens, telah ditetapkan sebagai tapak Superfund untuk pembersihan dan pemulihan alam sekitar sumber rekreasi dan ekonomi jalan air banyak komuniti. Salah satu daripada badan air yang paling banyak digunakan di Pelabuhan New York dan New Jersey, ia merupakan salah satu tapak perindustrian yang paling tercemar di negara ini, mengandungi tahun-tahun racun dibuang, kira-kira 30 juta gelen US (110,000 m3) minyak tumpah, termasuk tumpahan minyak Greenpoint, kumbahan mentah dari sistem pembetungan New York City, dan pengumpulan lain. <> Berapa lama Newtown Creek dalam kilometer? || 6 <> Berapa banyak meter padu minyak sepatutnya berada di Newtown Creek? || 110,000 <> Apa pelepasan bahan api fosil yang tidak disengajakan berlaku di Newtown Creek? || tumpahan minyak Greenpoint", {"qas": [{"question": "How long is Newtown Creek in kilometers?", "id": "56d11e7b17492d1400aab9d3", "answers": [{"text": "6", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many cubic meters of oil is supposed to be in Newtown Creek?", "id": "56d11e7b17492d1400aab9d4", "answers": [{"text": "110,000", "answer_start": 519}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What notable accidental fossil fuel discharge occurred at Newtown Creek?", "id": "56d11e7b17492d1400aab9d5", "answers": [{"text": "the Greenpoint oil spill", "answer_start": 557}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Newtown Creek, a 3.5-mile (6-kilometer) a long estuary that forms part of the border between the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, has been designated a Superfund site for environmental clean-up and remediation of the waterway's recreational and economic resources for many communities. One of the most heavily used bodies of water in the Port of New York and New Jersey, it had been one of the most contaminated industrial sites in the country, containing years of discarded toxins, an estimated 30 million US gallons (110,000 m3) of spilled oil, including the Greenpoint oil spill, raw sewage from New York City's sewer system, and other accumulation."}], ["New York adalah sumber fundraising politik yang paling penting di Amerika Syarikat, kerana empat daripada lima kod ZIP utama di negara ini untuk sumbangan politik berada di Manhattan. Kod ZIP teratas, 10021 di Upper East Side, menghasilkan paling banyak wang untuk kempen presiden 2004 George W. Bush dan John Kerry. Bandar ini mempunyai ketidakseimbangan pembayaran yang kuat dengan kerajaan negara dan negeri. Ia menerima 83 sen dalam perkhidmatan untuk setiap $ 1 yang dihantar kepada kerajaan persekutuan dalam cukai (atau setiap tahun menghantar $ 11.4 bilion lebih daripada yang diterima kembali). Bandar ini juga menghantar tambahan $ 11 bilion tambahan setiap tahun ke negeri New York daripada menerima balik. <> Empat kelima daripada kod ZIP yang memberikan jumlah sumbangan politik yang paling tinggi di Amerika Syarikat terletak di kawasan bengkel apa? || Manhattan <> Apakah kod ZIP bertanggungjawab untuk sumbangan paling besar dalam pilihan raya presiden 2004 untuk kedua-dua calon? || 10021 <> Berapa banyak wang dalam sen yang diterima oleh New York City untuk setiap dolar yang dibayar dalam cukai persekutuan? || 83 <> Berapa banyak wang yang diberikan oleh bandar raya ke negeri New York setiap tahun daripada yang diterima? || $ 11 bilion <> Setiap tahun, berapa banyak wang yang diberikan oleh New York City kepada kerajaan persekutuan daripada mendapat kembali? || $ 11.4 bilion", {"qas": [{"question": "Four-fifths of the ZIP codes that provide the highest amount of political contributions in the United States are located in what borough?", "id": "56d1218c17492d1400aaba1d", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ZIP code was responsible for the greatest amount of contributions in the 2004 presidential election for both candidates?", "id": "56d1218c17492d1400aaba1e", "answers": [{"text": "10021", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money in cents does New York City receive for every dollar paid in federal taxes?", "id": "56d1218c17492d1400aaba1f", "answers": [{"text": "83", "answer_start": 419}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much more money does the city give to the state of New York annually than it receives?", "id": "56d1218c17492d1400aaba20", "answers": [{"text": "$11 billion", "answer_start": 593}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Each year, how much more money does New York City give to the federal government than it gets back?", "id": "56d1218c17492d1400aaba21", "answers": [{"text": "$11.4 billion", "answer_start": 516}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New York is the most important source of political fundraising in the United States, as four of the top five ZIP codes in the nation for political contributions are in Manhattan. The top ZIP code, 10021 on the Upper East Side, generated the most money for the 2004 presidential campaigns of George W. Bush and John Kerry. The city has a strong imbalance of payments with the national and state governments. It receives 83 cents in services for every $1 it sends to the federal government in taxes (or annually sends $11.4 billion more than it receives back). The city also sends an additional $11 billion more each year to the state of New York than it receives back."}], ["Uniknya di antara bandar-bandar utama Amerika Syarikat, New York dibahagikan antara, dan menjadi tuan rumah kepada dua cabang utama AS, iaitu Mahkamah Daerah untuk Daerah Selatan New York, yang mana mahkamah utama terletak di Foley Square berhampiran Dewan Bandaraya di Manhattan dan bidang kuasanya termasuk Manhattan dan Bronx, dan Mahkamah Daerah untuk Daerah Timur New York, yang mahkamah utamanya berada di Brooklyn dan bidang kuasanya termasuk Brooklyn, Queens, dan Staten Island. Mahkamah Rayuan AS untuk Litar Kedua dan Mahkamah Perdagangan Antarabangsa AS juga berpusat di New York, juga di Foley Square di Manhattan. <> Dalam bukit utama apakah mahkamah utama Mahkamah Daerah untuk Daerah Selatan New York terletak? || Manhattan <> Apakah mahkamah daerah persekutuan mempunyai mahkamah utama di Brooklyn? || Daerah Timur New York <> Apa persegi adalah rumah bagi Mahkamah Perdagangan Antarabangsa AS? || Foley Square <> Apakah mahkamah daerah persekutuan mempunyai bidang kuasa ke atas Staten Island? || Mahkamah Daerah untuk Daerah Timur New York <> Dalam apa yang terdapat di New York City Hall? || Manhattan", {"qas": [{"question": "In what borough is the main courthouse of the District Court for the Southern District of New York located?", "id": "56d1204617492d1400aab9f9", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What federal district court has its main courthouse in Brooklyn?", "id": "56d1204617492d1400aab9fa", "answers": [{"text": "the Eastern District of New York", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What square is home to the US Court of International Trade?", "id": "56d1204617492d1400aab9fb", "answers": [{"text": "Foley Square", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What federal district court has jurisdiction over Staten Island?", "id": "56d1204617492d1400aab9fc", "answers": [{"text": "the District Court for the Eastern District of New York", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what borough is the New York City Hall found?", "id": "56d1204617492d1400aab9fd", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattan", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Uniquely among major American cities, New York is divided between, and is host to the main branches of, two different US district courts: the District Court for the Southern District of New York, whose main courthouse is on Foley Square near City Hall in Manhattan and whose jurisdiction includes Manhattan and the Bronx, and the District Court for the Eastern District of New York, whose main courthouse is in Brooklyn and whose jurisdiction includes Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island. The US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and US Court of International Trade are also based in New York, also on Foley Square in Manhattan."}]], [["Lee telah kehilangan ibunya, yang menderita penyakit mental, enam tahun sebelum bertemu Hohoff di pejabat Lippincott. Ayahnya, seorang peguam yang diadaptasi oleh Atticus, akan mati dua tahun selepas penerbitan To Kill a Mockingbird. <> Apakah penyakit yang dihadapi oleh ibu Harper Lee? || sakit mental <> Apa profesion yang dipegang ayah Harper Lee? || peguam <> Lee menggambarkan watak Atticus selepas apa yang digunakan? || Bapanya", {"qas": [{"question": "What ailment did Harper Lee's mother suffer from?", "id": "56ce35b2aab44d1400b885b4", "answers": [{"text": "mental illness", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What profession did Harper Lee's father hold?", "id": "56ce35b2aab44d1400b885b5", "answers": [{"text": "lawyer", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Lee modeled the character Atticus after what laywer?", "id": "56d11b8d17492d1400aab997", "answers": [{"text": "Her father", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Lee had lost her mother, who suffered from mental illness, six years before she met Hohoff at Lippincott\u2019s offices. Her father, a lawyer on whom Atticus was modeled, would die two years after the publication of To Kill a Mockingbird."}], ["Untuk Membunuh Mockingbird adalah buku yang hanya diterbitkan oleh Lee sehingga Go Set Watchman, draf awal untuk Membunuh Mockingbird, diterbitkan pada 14 Julai 2015. Lee terus memberi respons terhadap kesan kerja beliau sehingga kematiannya pada Februari 2016, walaupun dia mempunyai menolak apa-apa publisiti peribadi untuk dirinya sendiri atau novel sejak 1964. <> Bilakah Harper Lee meninggal dunia? || Februari 2016 <> Apakah satu-satunya karya Harper Lee yang diterbitkan? || Pergi Tetapkan Watchman <> Apakah nama kerja kedua Lee yang diterbitkan? || Pergi Tetapkan Watchman <> Bilakah buku kedua diterbitkan? || 14 Julai 2015 <> Bilakah Lee mati? || Februari 2016", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Harper Lee pass away?", "id": "56ce3363aab44d1400b88565", "answers": [{"text": "February 2016", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the only other work Harper Lee published?", "id": "56ce3363aab44d1400b88566", "answers": [{"text": "Go Set a Watchman", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Lee's second published work?", "id": "56d1161117492d1400aab8de", "answers": [{"text": "Go Set a Watchman", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the second book published?", "id": "56d1161117492d1400aab8df", "answers": [{"text": "July 14, 2015", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Lee die?", "id": "56d1161117492d1400aab8e0", "answers": [{"text": "February 2016", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "To Kill a Mockingbird was Lee's only published book until Go Set a Watchman, an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, was published on July 14, 2015. Lee continued to respond to her work's impact until her death in February 2016, although she had refused any personal publicity for herself or the novel since 1964."}], ["Untuk Membunuh Mockingbird adalah novel oleh Harper Lee yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1960. Ia segera berjaya, memenangi Hadiah Pulitzer, dan telah menjadi klasik kesusasteraan Amerika moden. Plot dan watak-wataknya adalah longgar berdasarkan pemerhatian pengarang keluarganya dan jiran-jirannya, serta pada peristiwa yang terjadi di dekat kampung halamannya pada tahun 1936, ketika ia berumur 10 tahun. <> Kapan Membunuh Mockingbird mula terdedah? || 1960 <> Hadiah apa yang Membunuh kemenangan Mockingbird? || Hadiah Pulitzer <> Siapa yang menulis Untuk Bunuh seorang Mockingbird? || Harper Lee <> Siapa yang menulis novel Untuk Membunuh Mockingbird? || Harper Lee <> Tahun berapakah Membunuh Mockingbird yang pertama diterbitkan? || 1960 <> Siapa yang membina watak-watak dalam Membunuh Mockingbird? || keluarga dan jirannya", {"qas": [{"question": "When did To Kill a Mockingbird first get circulated?", "id": "56ce30f5aab44d1400b88520", "answers": [{"text": "1960", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What prize did To Kill a Mockingbird win?", "id": "56ce30f5aab44d1400b88521", "answers": [{"text": "Pulitzer Prize", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird?", "id": "56ce30f5aab44d1400b88523", "answers": [{"text": "Harper Lee", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the novel To Kill a Mockingbird?", "id": "56d1073817492d1400aab786", "answers": [{"text": "Harper Lee", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was To Kill a Mockingbird first published?", "id": "56d1073817492d1400aab787", "answers": [{"text": "1960", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whom did Lee base the characters in To Kill a Mockingbird on?", "id": "56d1073817492d1400aab788", "answers": [{"text": "her family and neighbors", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old."}], ["Hakim Taylor melantik Atticus untuk membela Tom Robinson, seorang lelaki kulit hitam yang dituduh merogol seorang wanita kulit putih, Mayella Ewell. Walaupun ramai rakyat Maycomb tidak setuju, Atticus bersetuju untuk mempertahankan Tom dengan sebaik mungkin. Kanak-kanak lain menafikan Jem dan Pengakap untuk tindakan Atticus, memanggilnya \"nigger-lovers\". Pengakap terdorong untuk berdiri demi kehormatan ayahnya dengan berperang, walaupun dia telah memberitahunya tidak. Atticus berhadapan dengan sekumpulan lelaki yang berniat untuk menangkap Tom. Bahaya ini dicegah apabila Scout, Jem, dan Dill memalukan orang ramai ke dalam penyebaran dengan memaksa mereka untuk melihat keadaan dari pandangan Atticus 'dan Tom. <> Apa nama wanita yang didakwa dirogol dalam buku itu? || Mayella Ewell <> Apa nama pelanggan Atticus dalam percubaan perkosaan? || Tom Robinson <> Siapa yang menghentikan orang ramai dengan menghina mereka? || Pengakap, Jem dan Dill", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the woman who was allegedly raped in the book?", "id": "56ce6318aab44d1400b8872d", "answers": [{"text": "Mayella Ewell", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Atticus' client in the rape trial?", "id": "56d121d317492d1400aaba27", "answers": [{"text": "Tom Robinson", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who stopped the mob by shaming them?", "id": "56d121d317492d1400aaba29", "answers": [{"text": "Scout, Jem, and Dill", "answer_start": 508}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Judge Taylor appoints Atticus to defend Tom Robinson, a black man who has been accused of raping a young white woman, Mayella Ewell. Although many of Maycomb's citizens disapprove, Atticus agrees to defend Tom to the best of his ability. Other children taunt Jem and Scout for Atticus's actions, calling him a \"nigger-lover\". Scout is tempted to stand up for her father's honor by fighting, even though he has told her not to. Atticus faces a group of men intent on lynching Tom. This danger is averted when Scout, Jem, and Dill shame the mob into dispersing by forcing them to view the situation from Atticus' and Tom's points of view."}], ["Sebagai novel Southern Gothic dan Bildungsroman, tema utama Membunuh Mockingbird melibatkan ketidakadilan kaum dan kemusnahan tidak bersalah. Para ilmuwan telah menyatakan bahawa Lee juga menangani isu-isu kelas, keberanian, belas kasihan, dan peranan jantina di Amerika Selatan Selatan. Buku ini diajarkan secara meluas di sekolah-sekolah di Amerika Syarikat dengan pelajaran yang menekankan toleransi dan menghuraikan prasangka. Walaupun temanya, Untuk Membunuh seorang Mockingbird telah tertakluk kepada kempen untuk dipindahkan dari bilik darjah awam, sering dicabar untuk penggunaan epithet kaum. <> Untuk Membunuh Mockingbird dibaca secara meluas di mana negara-negara sekolah? || Amerika Syarikat <> Apakah genre buku untuk Membunuh Mockingbird? || Novel Gothic Selatan <> Beberapa tema utama buku ini adalah apa sebenarnya? || ketidakadilan kaum dan kemusnahan tidak bersalah <> Kawasan mana yang mana di Amerika adalah novel yang baru? || Deep South <> Apa yang menyebabkan penggunaan novel dalam bilik darjah untuk dicabar? || epithets kaum", {"qas": [{"question": "To Kill a Mockingbird is widely read in which countries schools?", "id": "56ce31f5aab44d1400b8854a", "answers": [{"text": "United States", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre of book is To Kill a Mockingbird?", "id": "56ce31f5aab44d1400b8854b", "answers": [{"text": "Southern Gothic novel", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some of the central themes of the book are what exactly?", "id": "56ce31f5aab44d1400b8854c", "answers": [{"text": "racial injustice and the destruction of innocence", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which region of America was the novel set in?", "id": "56d10cda17492d1400aab823", "answers": [{"text": "Deep South", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has caused  the use of the novel in classrooms to be challenged?", "id": "56d10cda17492d1400aab824", "answers": [{"text": "racial epithets", "answer_start": 535}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets."}], ["Setelah menamatkan draf pertama dan mengembalikannya ke Lippincott, naskah itu, pada masa itu berjudul \"Go Set a Watchman\", jatuh ke tangan Therese von Hohoff Torrey - yang dikenali secara profesional sebagai Tay Hohoff - seorang editor veteran kecil yang berumur di akhir 50an. Hohoff terkesan. \"[T] dia mencetuskan penulis sejati dalam setiap baris,\" dia kemudiannya akan menceritakan dalam sejarah korporat Lippincott. Tetapi seperti yang dilihat Hohoff, manuskrip itu tidak sesuai untuk diterbitkan. Ia adalah seperti yang dijelaskannya, \"lebih banyak siri anekdot daripada novel yang diilhamkan sepenuhnya.\" Dalam beberapa tahun yang akan datang, dia memimpin Lee dari satu draf ke seterusnya sehingga buku itu akhirnya mencapai bentuknya yang telah siap dan telah diturunkan untuk Membunuh seorang Mockingbird. <> Draf pertama Membunuh seorang Mockingbird dinamakan apa? || Pergi Tetapkan Watchman <> Siapa editor yang mendapat tangan mereka pada draf pertama Untuk Membunuh Mockingbird? || Tay Hohoff <> Apa nama editor yang membantu Lee menamatkan buku beliau? || Therese von Hohoff Torrey", {"qas": [{"question": "The first draft of To Kill a Mockingbird was named what?", "id": "56ce355eaab44d1400b8859e", "answers": [{"text": "Go Set a Watchman", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the editor who got their hands on the first draft of To Kill a Mockingbird?", "id": "56ce355eaab44d1400b8859f", "answers": [{"text": "Tay Hohoff", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of  the editor who helped Lee finish her book?", "id": "56d11b1c17492d1400aab991", "answers": [{"text": "Therese von Hohoff Torrey", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After finishing the first draft and returning it to Lippincott, the manuscript, at that point titled \"Go Set a Watchman\", fell into the hands of Therese von Hohoff Torrey \u2014 known professionally as Tay Hohoff \u2014 a small, wiry veteran editor in her late 50s. Hohoff was impressed. \u201c[T]he spark of the true writer flashed in every line,\u201d she would later recount in a corporate history of Lippincott. But as Hohoff saw it, the manuscript was by no means fit for publication. It was, as she described it, \u201cmore a series of anecdotes than a fully conceived novel.\u201d During the next couple of years, she led Lee from one draft to the next until the book finally achieved its finished form and was retitled To Kill a Mockingbird."}], ["Reaksi terhadap novel berbeza-beza secara meluas. Analisis sastra itu jarang berlaku, memandangkan jumlah salinan yang dijual dan penggunaannya yang meluas dalam pendidikan. Pengarang Mary McDonough Murphy, yang mengutip jejak individu untuk Membunuh Mockingbird oleh beberapa penulis dan tokoh masyarakat, menyeru buku itu, \"fenomena yang menakjubkan\". Pada tahun 2006, pustakawan British menduduki buku di hadapan Alkitab sebagai satu \"setiap orang dewasa harus membaca sebelum mereka mati\". Ia telah disesuaikan dengan filem pemenang Oscar pada tahun 1962 oleh pengarah Robert Mulligan, dengan senario oleh Horton Foote. Sejak tahun 1990, permainan berdasarkan novel itu telah dilakukan setiap tahun di kampung halaman Harper Lee di Monroeville, Alabama. <> Siapa yang mengumpul jejak untuk Membunuh Mockingbird daripada pengarang lain dan orang terkenal? || Mary McDonough Murphy <> Di mana tahun pangkat pustakawan British Membunuh Mockingbird di hadapan Alkitab? || 2006 <> Kapan To Kill a Mockingbird dibuat dalam filem? || 1962 <> Bilakah bermain untuk buku bermula pada setiap tahun di Monroeville, Alabama? || 1990 <> Siapa pengarah penyesuaian filem itu? || Robert Mulligan <> Pustakawan-pustakawan British pada tahun 2006 menduduki buku di hadapan jumlah yang terkenal? || Bible <> Siapa yang menulis skrip untuk filem tahun 1962? || Horton Foote <> Siapa yang mengarahkan filem 1962? || Robert Mulligan <> Apa kampung halaman Harper Lee? || Monroeville, Alabama", {"qas": [{"question": "Who gathered impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird from other authors and famous people?", "id": "56ce330daab44d1400b88556", "answers": [{"text": "Mary McDonough Murphy", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which year did British librarians rank To Kill a Mockingbird ahead of the Bible?", "id": "56ce330daab44d1400b88557", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was To Kill a Mockingbird made into a movie?", "id": "56ce330daab44d1400b88558", "answers": [{"text": "1962", "answer_start": 498}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did a play for the book begin to perform every year in Monroeville, Alabama?", "id": "56ce330daab44d1400b88559", "answers": [{"text": "1990", "answer_start": 573}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the director of the adaptation of the movie?", "id": "56ce330daab44d1400b8855a", "answers": [{"text": "Robert Mulligan", "answer_start": 515}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "British librarians in 2006 ranked the book ahead of what famous volume?", "id": "56d114b117492d1400aab8c4", "answers": [{"text": "Bible", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the screenplay for the 1962 film?", "id": "56d114b117492d1400aab8c5", "answers": [{"text": "Horton Foote", "answer_start": 553}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who directed the 1962 film?", "id": "56d114b117492d1400aab8c6", "answers": [{"text": "Robert Mulligan", "answer_start": 515}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Harper Lee's hometown?", "id": "56d114b117492d1400aab8c7", "answers": [{"text": "Monroeville, Alabama", "answer_start": 661}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Reaction to the novel varied widely upon publication. Literary analysis of it is sparse, considering the number of copies sold and its widespread use in education. Author Mary McDonough Murphy, who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures, calls the book, \"an astonishing phenomenon\". In 2006, British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one \"every adult should read before they die\". It was adapted into an Oscar-winning film in 1962 by director Robert Mulligan, with a screenplay by Horton Foote. Since 1990, a play based on the novel has been performed annually in Harper Lee's hometown of Monroeville, Alabama."}], ["Akhirnya, Lee membelanjakan lebih dari dua setengah tahun menulis Untuk Membunuh Mockingbird. Buku ini diterbitkan pada 11 Julai 1960. Selepas menolak tajuk \"Watchman\", ia pada mulanya bertajuk Atticus, tetapi Lee menamai namanya \"Untuk Bunuh Seorang Mockingbird\" untuk mencerminkan bahawa cerita itu melampaui hanya potret watak. Pasukan editorial di Lippincott memberi amaran kepada Lee bahawa dia mungkin menjual hanya beberapa ribu salinan. Pada tahun 1964, Lee teringat harapannya untuk buku itu ketika dia berkata, \"Saya tidak pernah menjangka apa-apa kejayaan dengan 'Mockingbird.' ... Saya berharap untuk kematian yang cepat dan penuh belas kasihan di tangan para pengulas tetapi pada masa yang sama, saya semoga seseorang yang diharapkan akan menyukainya untuk memberi saya galakan. kata, tapi saya agak banyak, dan dalam beberapa cara ini hanya menjadi menakutkan sebagai kematian cepat dan penuh belas kasihan yang saya harapkan. \" Daripada \"kematian yang cepat dan penuh belas kasihan\", Buku Reader's Digest Condensed memilih buku untuk dicetak semula sebahagiannya, yang memberikannya pembaca yang luas dengan segera. Sejak penerbitan asal, buku itu tidak pernah dicetak. <> Apa tarikh untuk Membunuh Mockingbird mula beredar? || 11 Julai 1960 <> Berapa lamakah Lee menghabiskan menulis buku? || lebih dua setengah tahun <> Percetakan ulang separa apa-apa penerbitan memberikan paparan awam yang luas? || Buku-buku yang diperkuatkan oleh Reader's Digest", {"qas": [{"question": "What date did To Kill a Mockingbird begin to circulate?", "id": "56ce3631aab44d1400b885d1", "answers": [{"text": "July 11, 1960", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did Lee spend writing the book?", "id": "56d11d0f17492d1400aab9bf", "answers": [{"text": "over two and a half years", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What publication's partial reprinting gave the book wide public exposure?", "id": "56d11d0f17492d1400aab9c0", "answers": [{"text": "Reader's Digest Condensed Books", "answer_start": 917}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Ultimately, Lee spent over two and a half years writing To Kill a Mockingbird. The book was published on July 11, 1960. After rejecting the \"Watchman\" title, it was initially re-titled Atticus, but Lee renamed it \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" to reflect that the story went beyond just a character portrait. The editorial team at Lippincott warned Lee that she would probably sell only several thousand copies. In 1964, Lee recalled her hopes for the book when she said, \"I never expected any sort of success with 'Mockingbird.' ... I was hoping for a quick and merciful death at the hands of the reviewers but, at the same time, I sort of hoped someone would like it enough to give me encouragement. Public encouragement. I hoped for a little, as I said, but I got rather a whole lot, and in some ways this was just about as frightening as the quick, merciful death I'd expected.\" Instead of a \"quick and merciful death\", Reader's Digest Condensed Books chose the book for reprinting in part, which gave it a wide readership immediately. Since the original publication, the book has never been out of print."}], ["Cerita ini berlaku selama tiga tahun (1933-35) Kemelesetan Besar di \"kota tua yang letih\" fiksyen Maycomb, Alabama, tempat Maycomb County. Ia memberi tumpuan kepada Jean Louise Finch (Pengakap) berusia enam tahun, yang tinggal bersama kakaknya, Jem, dan bapa mereka yang balu, Atticus, seorang peguam pertengahan umur. Jem dan Scout berteman dengan seorang lelaki bernama Dill, yang melawat Maycomb untuk tinggal bersama ibu saudaranya setiap musim panas. Tiga kanak-kanak itu ketakutan, dan terpesona dengan jiran mereka, Arthur \"Boo\" Radley yang menyamar. Orang dewasa Maycomb teragak-agak untuk bercakap tentang Boo, dan, selama bertahun-tahun beberapa orang telah melihatnya. Kanak-kanak menyumbangkan imaginasi satu sama lain dengan khabar angin mengenai penampilannya dan sebab-sebab tersisa tersembunyi, dan mereka fantasize bagaimana untuk membawanya keluar dari rumahnya. Selepas dua musim persahabatan dengan Dill, Scout dan Jem mendapati bahawa seseorang meninggalkan hadiah kecil di pokok di luar tempat Radley. Beberapa kali Boo misterius membuat isyarat kasih sayang kepada anak-anak, tetapi, untuk kekecewaan mereka, dia tidak pernah muncul secara peribadi. <> Di manakah tetapan untuk Membunuh Mockingbird? || Maycomb, Alabama <> Berapa tahun kisah Membunuh Mockingbird berlaku? || tiga <> Berapa ramai kanak-kanak yang protagonis, Atticus Finch, ada? || dua kanak-kanak Atticus Finch berteman dengan siapa semasa cerita itu? || Dill <> Apakah nama bandar itu berlaku? || Maycomb, Alabama <> Dalam era sejarah apakah buku itu berlaku? || Depresi Besar <> Siapa watak utama buku ini? || Jean Louise Finch (Pengakap)", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the setting for To Kill a Mockingbird?", "id": "56ce623aaab44d1400b88721", "answers": [{"text": "Maycomb, Alabama", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many years does the story of To Kill a Mockingbird take place?", "id": "56ce623aaab44d1400b88722", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many children does the protagonist, Atticus Finch, have?", "id": "56ce623aaab44d1400b88723", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 778}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Atticus Finch's children make friends with whom during the story?", "id": "56ce623aaab44d1400b88724", "answers": [{"text": "Dill", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the town the story takes place in?", "id": "56d11fcf17492d1400aab9f1", "answers": [{"text": "Maycomb, Alabama", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what historical era does the book take place?", "id": "56d11fcf17492d1400aab9f2", "answers": [{"text": "the Great Depression", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the main character of the book?", "id": "56d11fcf17492d1400aab9f3", "answers": [{"text": "Jean Louise Finch (Scout)", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The story takes place during three years (1933\u201335) of the Great Depression in the fictional \"tired old town\" of Maycomb, Alabama, the seat of Maycomb County. It focuses on six-year-old Jean Louise Finch (Scout), who lives with her older brother, Jem, and their widowed father, Atticus, a middle-aged lawyer. Jem and Scout befriend a boy named Dill, who visits Maycomb to stay with his aunt each summer. The three children are terrified of, and fascinated by, their neighbor, the reclusive Arthur \"Boo\" Radley. The adults of Maycomb are hesitant to talk about Boo, and, for many years few have seen him. The children feed one another's imagination with rumors about his appearance and reasons for remaining hidden, and they fantasize about how to get him out of his house. After two summers of friendship with Dill, Scout and Jem find that someone leaves them small gifts in a tree outside the Radley place. Several times the mysterious Boo makes gestures of affection to the children, but, to their disappointment, he never appears in person."}], ["Dilahirkan pada tahun 1926, Harper Lee dibesarkan di bandar selatan Monroeville, Alabama, di mana dia menjadi kawan rapat dengan penulis terkenal Truman Capote yang akan segera menjadi terkenal. Beliau menghadiri Kolej Huntingdon di Montgomery (1944-45), dan kemudian belajar undang-undang di University of Alabama (1945-49). Semasa menghadiri kolej, dia menulis untuk majalah kampus kampus: Huntress di Huntingdon dan majalah humor Rammer Jammer di University of Alabama. Di kedua-dua kolej, dia menulis cerita pendek dan karya lain mengenai ketidakadilan kaum, topik yang jarang disebut di kampus seperti itu pada masa itu. Pada tahun 1950, Lee berpindah ke New York City, di mana beliau bekerja sebagai kerani tempahan untuk British Overseas Airways Corporation; Di sana, dia mula menulis kumpulan esei dan cerita pendek tentang orang-orang di Monroeville. Berharap untuk diterbitkan, Lee menyampaikan tulisannya pada tahun 1957 kepada ejen sastera yang disarankan oleh Capote. Seorang editor di J. B. Lippincott, yang membeli manuskrip, menasihatinya supaya berhenti dari syarikat penerbangan itu dan menumpukan perhatian kepada penulisan. Sumbangan dari rakan-rakan membolehkannya menulis tanpa gangguan selama setahun. <> Siapa yang Harper Lee menjadi teman zaman kanak-kanak? || Truman Capote <> Tahun apa Harper Lee berkemas untuk tinggal di New York City? || 1950 <> Apa kerja Harper Lee bermula di New York City? || kerani tempahan <> Negeri mana yang Harper Lee menghabiskan masa kecilnya? || Alabama <> Tahun apa Harper Lee dilahirkan? || 1926 <> Siapa penulis terkenal Lee menjadi kawan rapat? || Truman Capote <> Di manakah Lee menghadiri kolej? || Huntingdon College <> Di manakah Lee menghadiri sekolah undang-undang? || University of Alabama <> Apa syarikat penerbitan yang dibeli untuk Membunuh Mockingbird? || J. B. Lippincott", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Harper Lee become childhood friends with?", "id": "56ce349aaab44d1400b8858a", "answers": [{"text": "Truman Capote", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Harper Lee pack up to go live in New York City?", "id": "56ce349aaab44d1400b8858c", "answers": [{"text": "1950", "answer_start": 569}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What job did Harper Lee start in New York City?", "id": "56ce349aaab44d1400b8858d", "answers": [{"text": "reservation clerk", "answer_start": 625}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which state did Harper Lee spend her childhood?", "id": "56ce349aaab44d1400b8858e", "answers": [{"text": "Alabama", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Harper Lee born?", "id": "56d11a1217492d1400aab953", "answers": [{"text": "1926", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the famous writer Lee became close friends with?", "id": "56d11a1217492d1400aab954", "answers": [{"text": "Truman Capote", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Lee attend college?", "id": "56d11a1217492d1400aab955", "answers": [{"text": "Huntingdon College", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Lee attend law school?", "id": "56d11a1217492d1400aab956", "answers": [{"text": "University of Alabama", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What publishing company bought To Kill a Mockingbird?", "id": "56d11a1217492d1400aab957", "answers": [{"text": "J. B. Lippincott", "answer_start": 894}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Born in 1926, Harper Lee grew up in the Southern town of Monroeville, Alabama, where she became close friends with soon-to-be famous writer Truman Capote. She attended Huntingdon College in Montgomery (1944\u201345), and then studied law at the University of Alabama (1945\u201349). While attending college, she wrote for campus literary magazines: Huntress at Huntingdon and the humor magazine Rammer Jammer at the University of Alabama. At both colleges, she wrote short stories and other works about racial injustice, a rarely mentioned topic on such campuses at the time. In 1950, Lee moved to New York City, where she worked as a reservation clerk for British Overseas Airways Corporation; there, she began writing a collection of essays and short stories about people in Monroeville. Hoping to be published, Lee presented her writing in 1957 to a literary agent recommended by Capote. An editor at J. B. Lippincott , who bought the manuscript, advised her to quit the airline and concentrate on writing. Donations from friends allowed her to write uninterrupted for a year."}], ["Sheriff Tate tiba dan mendapati bahawa Bob Ewell telah meninggal semasa perjuangan. Sheriff berhujah dengan Atticus mengenai kebijaksanaan dan etika yang dikenakan Jem (yang Atticus percaya bertanggungjawab) atau Boo (yang Tate percaya bertanggungjawab). Atticus akhirnya menerima cerita sheriff bahawa Ewell hanya jatuh pada pisau sendiri. Boo meminta Scout untuk berjalan pulang ke rumah, dan selepas dia mengucapkan selamat tinggal kepadanya di pintu depan dia hilang lagi. Ketika berdiri di atas radley Radley, Scout membayangkan kehidupan dari perspektif Boo, dan menyesal bahawa mereka tidak pernah membalasnya atas hadiah yang diberikannya kepada mereka. <> Apakah nama pegawai polis yang menemui badan Bob Ewell? || Sheriff Tate Menurut kisah Sheriff Tate, bagaimanakah kematian Ewell? || jatuh pada pisau sendiri", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the police officer who discovered Bob Ewell's body?", "id": "56ce6635aab44d1400b8874f", "answers": [{"text": "Sheriff Tate", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to Sheriff Tate's story, how did Ewell die?", "id": "56d1255017492d1400aaba75", "answers": [{"text": "fell on his own knife", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Sheriff Tate arrives and discovers that Bob Ewell has died during the fight. The sheriff argues with Atticus about the prudence and ethics of charging Jem (whom Atticus believes to be responsible) or Boo (whom Tate believes to be responsible). Atticus eventually accepts the sheriff's story that Ewell simply fell on his own knife. Boo asks Scout to walk him home, and after she says goodbye to him at his front door he disappears again. While standing on the Radley porch, Scout imagines life from Boo's perspective, and regrets that they had never repaid him for the gifts he had given them."}], ["Pengkritik juga memperhatikan kaedah menghiburkan yang digunakan untuk memandu plot. Apabila Atticus berada di luar bandar, Jem mengunci rakan sekelas sekolah Minggu di ruang bawah tanah gereja dengan relau semasa permainan Shadrach. Ini mendorong Calpurnia untuk mengurus pengakap dan Jem ke gerejanya, yang membolehkan anak-anak melihat kehidupan peribadinya, serta Tom Robinson. Pengakap tertidur semasa perwatakan Halloween dan membuat pintu masuk di atas pentas yang teruk, menyebabkan penonton menawan dengan sedih. Dia begitu terganggu dan malu bahawa dia lebih suka pulang ke rumah dengan kostum hamnya, yang menyelamatkan hidupnya. <> Di mana Jem memerangkap rakan sebaya sekolah dalam cerita itu? || basement gereja <> Apakah nama pembantu rumah yang bekerja di rumah Finch? || Calpurnia <> Bagaimana Pengakap menanggapi penonton? || terganggu dan malu <> Apa yang menyelamatkan nyawa Scout? || kostum ham", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does Jem trap a fellow peer of school in the story?", "id": "56ce6dabaab44d1400b8877f", "answers": [{"text": "church basement", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the maid who works in the Finch's household?", "id": "56ce6dabaab44d1400b88780", "answers": [{"text": "Calpurnia", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does Scout respond to the audience?", "id": "56d14361e7d4791d00902051", "answers": [{"text": "distracted and embarrassed", "answer_start": 510}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What saves Scout's life?", "id": "56d14361e7d4791d00902052", "answers": [{"text": "ham costume", "answer_start": 572}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Critics also note the entertaining methods used to drive the plot. When Atticus is out of town, Jem locks a Sunday school classmate in the church basement with the furnace during a game of Shadrach. This prompts their black housekeeper Calpurnia to escort Scout and Jem to her church, which allows the children a glimpse into her personal life, as well as Tom Robinson's. Scout falls asleep during the Halloween pageant and makes a tardy entrance onstage, causing the audience to laugh uproariously. She is so distracted and embarrassed that she prefers to go home in her ham costume, which saves her life."}], ["Atticus tidak mahu Jem dan Scout hadir di percubaan Tom Robinson. Tiada tempat duduk yang boleh didapati di tingkat utama, jadi dengan jemputan Rev. Sykes, Jem, Pengakap, dan jam tangan Dill dari balkoni berwarna. Atticus menetapkan bahawa penuduh-mayella dan bapanya, Bob Ewell, bandar mabuk-berbohong. Ia juga menjadi jelas bahawa Mayella yang tidak berkawan membuat kemajuan seksual terhadap Tom, dan bahawa bapanya menangkapnya dan memukulnya. Walaupun bukti ketara yang tidak bersalah oleh Tom, juri menjatuhkan dia. Keimanan Jem dalam keadilan menjadi sangat terguncang, seperti Atticus ', ketika Tom yang malang ditembak dan terbunuh ketika cuba melarikan diri dari penjara. <> Apakah nama-nama kanak-kanak Atticus Finch dalam buku itu? || Jem dan Pengakap <> Di mana Jem, Scout, dan Dill memerhatikan percubaan Tom Robinson? || balkoni <> Di mana ketiga-tiga kanak-kanak menonton perbicaraan? || balutan berwarna <> Apa yang berlaku kepada Tom ketika dia cuba melepaskan diri dari penjara? || ditembak dan terbunuh", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the names of Atticus Finch's children in the book?", "id": "56ce63f7aab44d1400b88735", "answers": [{"text": "Jem and Scout", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do Jem, Scout, and Dill observe the trial of Tom Robinson?", "id": "56ce63f7aab44d1400b88736", "answers": [{"text": "balcony", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do the three children watch the trial?", "id": "56d1232217492d1400aaba45", "answers": [{"text": "the colored balcony", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happens to Tom when he attempts to escape prison?", "id": "56d1232217492d1400aaba47", "answers": [{"text": "shot and killed", "answer_start": 584}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Atticus does not want Jem and Scout to be present at Tom Robinson's trial. No seat is available on the main floor, so by invitation of Rev. Sykes, Jem, Scout, and Dill watch from the colored balcony. Atticus establishes that the accusers\u2014Mayella and her father, Bob Ewell, the town drunk\u2014are lying. It also becomes clear that the friendless Mayella made sexual advances toward Tom, and that her father caught her and beat her. Despite significant evidence of Tom's innocence, the jury convicts him. Jem's faith in justice becomes badly shaken, as is Atticus', when the hapless Tom is shot and killed while trying to escape from prison."}], ["Walaupun keyakinan Tom, Bob Ewell dihina oleh peristiwa perbicaraan, Atticus menjelaskan bahawa dia \"menghancurkan kredibiliti terakhir [Ewell] pada percubaan itu.\" Ewell bersumpah membalas dendam, meludah di wajah Atticus, cuba memecah masuk ke rumah hakim, dan menewaskan janda Tom Robinson. Akhirnya, dia menyerang Jem dan Pengakap yang tidak bersenjata ketika mereka pulang ke rumah pada malam yang gelap selepas pertandingan Halloween sekolah. Salah satu senjata Jem dipecahkan dalam perjuangan, tetapi di tengah-tengah kekacauan seseorang datang ke penyelamatan anak-anak. Lelaki misteri itu membawa pulang Jem, di mana Pengakap menyedari bahawa dia adalah Boo Radley. <> Siapa yang menyerang Bob Ewell semasa cerita itu? || Jem dan Pengakap <> Kegiatan apa yang dilakukan Jem dan Scout betul sebelum mereka diserang pada waktu malam? || Pereka Halloween <> Siapa yang menyelamatkan Jem dan Pengakap dari Bob Ewell? || Boo Radley <> Siapa yang menyerang Pengakap dan Jem? || Bob Ewell <> Siapa menyelamatkan Scout dan Jem? || Boo Radley", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Bob Ewell attack during the story?", "id": "56ce6488aab44d1400b8873e", "answers": [{"text": "Jem and Scout", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What event did Jem and Scout attend right before they were attacked at night?", "id": "56ce6488aab44d1400b8873f", "answers": [{"text": "Halloween pageant", "answer_start": 394}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who saved Jem and Scout from Bob Ewell?", "id": "56ce6488aab44d1400b88740", "answers": [{"text": "Boo Radley", "answer_start": 590}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who attacked Scout and Jem?", "id": "56d123c417492d1400aaba4b", "answers": [{"text": "Bob Ewell", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who rescued Scout and Jem?", "id": "56d123c417492d1400aaba4c", "answers": [{"text": "Boo Radley", "answer_start": 590}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Despite Tom's conviction, Bob Ewell is humiliated by the events of the trial, Atticus explaining that he \"destroyed [Ewell's] last shred of credibility at that trial.\" Ewell vows revenge, spitting in Atticus' face, trying to break into the judge's house, and menacing Tom Robinson's widow. Finally, he attacks the defenseless Jem and Scout while they walk home on a dark night after the school Halloween pageant. One of Jem's arms is broken in the struggle, but amid the confusion someone comes to the children's rescue. The mysterious man carries Jem home, where Scout realizes that he is Boo Radley."}], ["Sebagai kanak-kanak yang datang usia, Scout dan Jem menghadapi realiti keras dan belajar dari mereka. Lee seolah-olah meneliti rasa kehilangan Jem tentang bagaimana jiran-jirannya mengecewakannya lebih daripada Scout. Jem berkata kepada jiran mereka Miss Maudie sehari selepas perbicaraan itu, \"It's like bein 'ulat yang dibungkus dalam kepompong ... Saya selalu fikir orang Maycomb adalah orang terbaik di dunia, paling tidak itulah yang mereka nampak seperti\". Ini menyebabkan dia berjuang dengan memahami pemisahan bangsa dan kelas. Sama seperti novel itu adalah ilustrasi perubahan wajah Jem, ia juga merupakan penerokaan realiti Pengakap harus menghadapi sebagai seorang gadis yang tidak sekata di tengah-tengah wanita. Seperti yang dikatakan seorang ulama, \"Membunuh seorang Mockingbird boleh dibaca sebagai Bildungsroman feminis, untuk Scout muncul dari pengalaman zaman kanak-kanaknya dengan pengertian jelas tentang tempatnya dalam masyarakatnya dan kesedaran tentang potensi dirinya sebagai perempuan yang akan dia suatu hari nanti . \" <> Apa nama jiran yang dikatakan Jem juga selepas percubaan Tom Robinson? || Miss Maudie <> Apa des Jem perjuangan untuk memahami? || pemisahan bangsa dan kelas", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the neighbor that Jem speaks too after Tom Robinson's trial?", "id": "56ce70aaaab44d1400b8878f", "answers": [{"text": "Miss Maudie", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What des Jem struggle to understand?", "id": "56d18bcde7d4791d0090205e", "answers": [{"text": "separations of race and class", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As children coming of age, Scout and Jem face hard realities and learn from them. Lee seems to examine Jem's sense of loss about how his neighbors have disappointed him more than Scout's. Jem says to their neighbor Miss Maudie the day after the trial, \"It's like bein' a caterpillar wrapped in a cocoon ... I always thought Maycomb folks were the best folks in the world, least that's what they seemed like\". This leads him to struggle with understanding the separations of race and class. Just as the novel is an illustration of the changes Jem faces, it is also an exploration of the realities Scout must face as an atypical girl on the verge of womanhood. As one scholar writes, \"To Kill a Mockingbird can be read as a feminist Bildungsroman, for Scout emerges from her childhood experiences with a clear sense of her place in her community and an awareness of her potential power as the woman she will one day be.\""}], ["Lee menggambarkan watak Dill pada rakan zaman kanak-kanaknya, Truman Capote, yang kemudian dikenali sebagai Truman Persons. Sama seperti Dill tinggal bersebelahan dengan Scout pada musim panas, Capote tinggal bersebelahan dengan Lee dengan ibu saudaranya sementara ibunya melawat New York City. Seperti Dill, Capote mempunyai imaginasi yang mengagumkan dan hadiah untuk cerita menarik. Kedua-dua Lee dan Capote adalah kanak-kanak yang tidak biasa: kedua-duanya suka membaca. Lee adalah seorang tomboy yang pandai yang cepat bertempur, tetapi Capote telah diabaikan kerana perbendaharaan kata dan lisannya. Dia dan Capote membuat dan menceritakan kisah yang mereka tulis pada mesin taip bawah tanah Underwood lama yang diberikan oleh Lee. Mereka menjadi kawan baik apabila kedua-duanya berasa terasing dari rakan-rakan mereka; Capote memanggil kedua-dua mereka \"selain orang\". Pada tahun 1960, Capote dan Lee mengembara ke Kansas bersama-sama untuk menyiasat pelbagai pembunuhan yang menjadi asas untuk novel bukan fiksyen Capote Dalam Darah Darah. <> Di manakah Truman Capote hidup berhubung dengan Lee? || next door <> Tahun apa Lee dan Capote pergi ke Kansas bersama-sama? || 1960 <> Pembunuhan adalah asas untuk cerita yang ditulis oleh Capote? || Dalam Darah Dingin <> Siapa yang watak Dill dimodelkan selepas? || Truman Capote <> Apakah Lee dan Capote menulis cerita zaman kanak-kanak mereka? || lama mesin taip Underwood <> Apa istilah yang digunakan Capote untuk menggambarkan Lee dan dirinya sendiri? || selain orang", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did Truman Capote live in relation to Lee?", "id": "56ce68dcaab44d1400b8876c", "answers": [{"text": "next door", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Lee and Capote go to Kansas together?", "id": "56ce68dcaab44d1400b8876d", "answers": [{"text": "1960", "answer_start": 734}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Murders were the base for which story that Capote wrote?", "id": "56ce68dcaab44d1400b8876e", "answers": [{"text": "In Cold Blood", "answer_start": 869}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the character Dill modeled after?", "id": "56d128d017492d1400aabace", "answers": [{"text": "Truman Capote", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Lee and Capote write their childhood stories on?", "id": "56d128d017492d1400aabacf", "answers": [{"text": "old Underwood typewriter", "answer_start": 568}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term did Capote use to describe Lee and himself?", "id": "56d128d017492d1400aabad0", "answers": [{"text": "apart people", "answer_start": 716}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Lee modeled the character of Dill on her childhood friend, Truman Capote, known then as Truman Persons. Just as Dill lived next door to Scout during the summer, Capote lived next door to Lee with his aunts while his mother visited New York City. Like Dill, Capote had an impressive imagination and a gift for fascinating stories. Both Lee and Capote were atypical children: both loved to read. Lee was a scrappy tomboy who was quick to fight, but Capote was ridiculed for his advanced vocabulary and lisp. She and Capote made up and acted out stories they wrote on an old Underwood typewriter Lee's father gave them. They became good friends when both felt alienated from their peers; Capote called the two of them \"apart people\". In 1960, Capote and Lee traveled to Kansas together to investigate the multiple murders that were the basis for Capote's nonfiction novel In Cold Blood."}], ["Lee berkata bahawa Membunuh Mockingbird bukan autobiografi, tetapi sebaliknya contoh bagaimana seorang penulis \"harus menulis tentang apa yang dia tahu dan menulis dengan jujur\". Walau bagaimanapun, beberapa orang dan peristiwa zaman kanak-kanak Lee selari dengan orang-orang Scout fiksyen. Bapa Lee, Amasa Coleman Lee, adalah seorang peguam, mirip dengan Atticus Finch, dan pada tahun 1919, dia mempertahankan dua lelaki kulit hitam yang dituduh melakukan pembunuhan. Selepas mereka disabitkan, digantung dan dimutilasi, dia tidak pernah mencuba satu lagi kes jenayah. Ayah Lee juga merupakan editor dan penerbit akhbar Monroeville. Walaupun lebih banyak penyokong pemisahan kaum daripada Atticus, dia secara beransur-ansur menjadi lebih liberal pada tahun-tahun kemudiannya. Walaupun ibu Scout meninggal ketika dia masih bayi, Lee berusia 25 tahun ketika ibunya, Frances Cunningham Finch, meninggal dunia. Ibu Lee terdedah kepada keadaan saraf yang menyebabkan dia tidak hadir secara mental dan emosi. Lee mempunyai saudara lelaki bernama Edwin, yang seperti Jem fiksyen-empat tahun lebih tua daripada kakaknya. Seperti dalam novel, seorang pengurus rumah hitam datang setiap hari untuk menjaga rumah dan keluarga Lee. <> Harper Lee telah menyatakan bahawa Membunuh Mockingbird bukanlah genre buku apa? || autobiografi <> Berapa tahun bapa Harper Lee mewakili dua lelaki kulit hitam yang dituduh membunuh? || 1919 <> Pada usia apakah ibu Harper Lee mati? || 25 <> Apakah tajuk yang dilakukan oleh bapa Lee di akhbar tempatan? || editor dan penerbit", {"qas": [{"question": "Harper Lee has stated that To Kill a Mockingbird is not what genre of book?", "id": "56ce67f4aab44d1400b88761", "answers": [{"text": "autobiography", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Harper Lee's father represent two black men accused of murder?", "id": "56ce67f4aab44d1400b88762", "answers": [{"text": "1919", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what age did Harper Lee's mother die?", "id": "56ce67f4aab44d1400b88764", "answers": [{"text": "25", "answer_start": 733}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What titles did Lee's father maintain at the local newspaper?", "id": "56d126c117492d1400aaba94", "answers": [{"text": "editor and publisher", "answer_start": 508}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Lee has said that To Kill a Mockingbird is not an autobiography, but rather an example of how an author \"should write about what he knows and write truthfully\". Nevertheless, several people and events from Lee's childhood parallel those of the fictional Scout. Lee's father, Amasa Coleman Lee, was an attorney, similar to Atticus Finch, and in 1919, he defended two black men accused of murder. After they were convicted, hanged and mutilated, he never tried another criminal case. Lee's father was also the editor and publisher of the Monroeville newspaper. Although more of a proponent of racial segregation than Atticus, he gradually became more liberal in his later years. Though Scout's mother died when she was a baby, Lee was 25 when her mother, Frances Cunningham Finch, died. Lee's mother was prone to a nervous condition that rendered her mentally and emotionally absent. Lee had a brother named Edwin, who\u2014like the fictional Jem\u2014was four years older than his sister. As in the novel, a black housekeeper came daily to care for the Lee house and family."}], ["Menulis mengenai gaya Lee dan penggunaan humor dalam kisah tragis, sarjana Jacqueline Tavernier-Courbin menyatakan: \"Ketawa ... [memperlihatkan] gangren itu di bawah permukaan yang indah tetapi juga dengan merendahkannya, seseorang itu tidak boleh ... dikawal oleh apa ada yang dapat ketawa. \" Pemerhatian pramusim Scout mengenai jiran dan tingkah lakunya memberi inspirasi kepada pengarah Endowment of the Arts, David Kipen untuk memanggilnya \"lucu lucu\". Untuk menangani masalah yang rumit, bagaimanapun, Tavernier-Courbin mencatat bahawa Lee menggunakan parodi, satira, dan ironi dengan berkesan menggunakan perspektif kanak-kanak. Selepas Dill berjanji untuk berkahwin dengannya, kemudian menghabiskan terlalu banyak masa dengan Jem, Scout sebab cara terbaik untuk membantunya untuk menatapnya adalah untuk mengalahkannya, yang dia lakukan beberapa kali. Hari pertama Scout di sekolah adalah rawatan pendidikan satir; gurunya berkata dia mesti membatalkan kerosakan Atticus telah membuat pengajarannya untuk membaca dan menulis, dan melarang Atticus dari mengajarnya lebih lanjut. Lee merawat situasi yang paling tidak serius dengan ironi, bagaimanapun, kerana Jem dan Scout cuba memahami bagaimana Maycomb memeluk perkauman dan masih berusaha dengan tulus untuk tetap menjadi masyarakat yang layak. Satire dan ironi digunakan sedemikian rupa sehingga Tavernier-Courbin mencadangkan satu tafsiran untuk tajuk buku: Lee melakukan pendidikan mengejek, sistem keadilan, dan masyarakatnya sendiri dengan menggunakannya sebagai subjek penolakannya yang lucu. <> Apa dua bentuk humor yang paling banyak terdapat dalam Membunuh Mockingbird? || Satire dan ironi <> Lee menggunakan gaya penulisan untuk menyatakan humor dalam cerita yang tragis? || parodi, satira, dan ironi", {"qas": [{"question": "What two forms of humor are most found in To Kill a Mockingbird?", "id": "56ce6d47aab44d1400b8877d", "answers": [{"text": "Satire and irony", "answer_start": 1137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": " Lee uses which writing styles to express humor in a tragic story?", "id": "56d13b3ae7d4791d00902049", "answers": [{"text": "parody, satire, and irony", "answer_start": 498}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Writing about Lee's style and use of humor in a tragic story, scholar Jacqueline Tavernier-Courbin states: \"Laughter ... [exposes] the gangrene under the beautiful surface but also by demeaning it; one can hardly ... be controlled by what one is able to laugh at.\" Scout's precocious observations about her neighbors and behavior inspire National Endowment of the Arts director David Kipen to call her \"hysterically funny\". To address complex issues, however, Tavernier-Courbin notes that Lee uses parody, satire, and irony effectively by using a child's perspective. After Dill promises to marry her, then spends too much time with Jem, Scout reasons the best way to get him to pay attention to her is to beat him up, which she does several times. Scout's first day in school is a satirical treatment of education; her teacher says she must undo the damage Atticus has wrought in teaching her to read and write, and forbids Atticus from teaching her further. Lee treats the most unfunny situations with irony, however, as Jem and Scout try to understand how Maycomb embraces racism and still tries sincerely to remain a decent society. Satire and irony are used to such an extent that Tavernier-Courbin suggests one interpretation for the book's title: Lee is doing the mocking\u2014of education, the justice system, and her own society by using them as subjects of her humorous disapproval."}], ["Asal-usul Tom Robinson kurang jelas, walaupun banyak yang telah berspekulasi bahawa wataknya diilhami oleh beberapa model. Apabila Lee berusia 10 tahun, seorang wanita kulit putih berhampiran Monroeville menuduh seorang lelaki kulit hitam bernama Walter Lett merogolnya. Cerita dan perbicaraan itu diliputi oleh akhbar ayahnya yang melaporkan bahawa Lett telah dihukum dan dijatuhi hukuman mati. Selepas beberapa siri surat yang mendakwa Lett telah dituduh secara palsu, hukumannya telah diubah menjadi kehidupan di penjara. Dia meninggal di tuberkulosis pada tahun 1937. Para sarjana percaya bahawa kesukaran Robinson mencerminkan kes yang terkenal dari Scottsboro Boys, di mana sembilan lelaki hitam disabitkan merogol dua wanita kulit putih atas bukti yang dapat diabaikan. Walau bagaimanapun, pada tahun 2005, Lee menyatakan bahawa dia mempunyai sesuatu yang kurang sensasi, walaupun kes Scottsboro berkhidmat \"tujuan yang sama\" untuk memaparkan prasangka Selatan. Emmett Till, seorang remaja kulit hitam yang dibunuh kerana menggoda dengan wanita putih di Mississippi pada tahun 1955, dan kematiannya dikreditkan sebagai pemangkin untuk Pergerakan Hak Sivil, juga dianggap sebagai model untuk Tom Robinson. <> Pada usia apa Lee ketika seorang wanita putih menuduh lelaki hitam merogol? || 10 <> Apa nama lelaki hitam yang dituduh merogol di bandar Lee ketika dia berusia 10 tahun? || Walter Lett <> Apa nama remaja hitam yang dikatakan oleh Tom Robinson? || Emmett Till <> Kematian Emmett Till mencetuskan pergerakan politik di mana '50-an? || Pergerakan Hak Sivil <> Tujuan apa yang dilakukan oleh percubaan Tom Robinson dalam buku ini? || memaparkan prasangka Selatan <> Siapa kematian adalah pemangkin untuk Pergerakan Hak Sivil? || Emmett Sehingga", {"qas": [{"question": "At what age was Lee when a white woman accused a black guy of rape?", "id": "56ce6aabaab44d1400b88775", "answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the black man who was accused of rape in Lee's town when she was 10?", "id": "56ce6aabaab44d1400b88776", "answers": [{"text": "Walter Lett", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the black teenager that Tom Robinson was supposedly based on?", "id": "56ce6aabaab44d1400b88777", "answers": [{"text": "Emmett Till", "answer_start": 870}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Emmett Till's death sparked which political movement in the '50s?", "id": "56ce6aabaab44d1400b88778", "answers": [{"text": "Civil Rights Movement", "answer_start": 1023}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What purpose did Tom Robinson's trial serve in the book?", "id": "56d12cb517492d1400aabb54", "answers": [{"text": "display Southern prejudices", "answer_start": 841}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who's death was a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement?", "id": "56d12cb517492d1400aabb55", "answers": [{"text": "Emmett Till", "answer_start": 870}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The origin of Tom Robinson is less clear, although many have speculated that his character was inspired by several models. When Lee was 10 years old, a white woman near Monroeville accused a black man named Walter Lett of raping her. The story and the trial were covered by her father's newspaper which reported that Lett was convicted and sentenced to death. After a series of letters appeared claiming Lett had been falsely accused, his sentence was commuted to life in prison. He died there of tuberculosis in 1937. Scholars believe that Robinson's difficulties reflect the notorious case of the Scottsboro Boys, in which nine black men were convicted of raping two white women on negligible evidence. However, in 2005, Lee stated that she had in mind something less sensational, although the Scottsboro case served \"the same purpose\" to display Southern prejudices. Emmett Till, a black teenager who was murdered for flirting with a white woman in Mississippi in 1955, and whose death is credited as a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement, is also considered a model for Tom Robinson."}], ["Ulama mempunyai ciri untuk Membunuh Mockingbird sebagai kedua-dua Gothic Selatan dan generasi baru atau novel Bildungsroman. Ciri-ciri Boo Radley dan rumahnya yang menakutkan dan mendalam, dan elemen ketidakadilan kaum yang melibatkan Tom Robinson menyumbang kepada aura Gothic dalam novel itu. Lee menggunakan istilah \"Gothic\" untuk menggambarkan senibina gedung pengadilan Maycomb dan berkenaan dengan persembahan Dill yang sangat berlebihan sebagai Boo Radley. Orang luar juga merupakan elemen penting dalam teks-teks Southern Gothic dan soalan Scout dan Jem tentang hierarki di bandar menyebabkan ulama membandingkan novel itu kepada Catcher di Rye dan Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Walaupun mencabar sistem bandar, Scout menghormati Atticus sebagai pihak berkuasa atas semua yang lain, kerana dia percaya bahawa mengikut hati nurani seseorang adalah keutamaan yang paling tinggi, walaupun hasilnya adalah gangguan sosial. Walau bagaimanapun, para ulama membahas tentang klasifikasi Selatan Gothic, mencatat bahawa Boo Radley sebenarnya manusia, pelindung, dan kebaikan. Lebih-lebih lagi, dalam menangani tema seperti alkohol, incest, rogol, dan keganasan kaum, Lee menulis tentang bandar kecilnya secara realistik dan bukannya melodramatikal. Dia menggambarkan masalah watak individu sebagai isu asas universal di setiap masyarakat. <> Apakah genre buku ini Membunuh Mockingbird yang biasanya dipanggil? || Gothic Selatan dan zaman purba atau novel Bildungsroman <> Apa istilah yang digunakan Lee untuk menggambarkan mahkamah di bandar itu? || Gothic <> Siapa yang Scout menghormati di atas orang lain? || Atticus", {"qas": [{"question": "What genre of book is To Kill a Mockingbird typically called?", "id": "56ce6f81aab44d1400b8878b", "answers": [{"text": "Southern Gothic and coming-of-age or Bildungsroman novel", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term did Lee use to describe the town's courthouse?", "id": "56d147d5e7d4791d00902057", "answers": [{"text": "Gothic", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does Scout revere above everyone else?", "id": "56d147d5e7d4791d00902058", "answers": [{"text": "Atticus", "answer_start": 731}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Scholars have characterized To Kill a Mockingbird as both a Southern Gothic and coming-of-age or Bildungsroman novel. The grotesque and near-supernatural qualities of Boo Radley and his house, and the element of racial injustice involving Tom Robinson contribute to the aura of the Gothic in the novel. Lee used the term \"Gothic\" to describe the architecture of Maycomb's courthouse and in regard to Dill's exaggeratedly morbid performances as Boo Radley. Outsiders are also an important element of Southern Gothic texts and Scout and Jem's questions about the hierarchy in the town cause scholars to compare the novel to Catcher in the Rye and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Despite challenging the town's systems, Scout reveres Atticus as an authority above all others, because he believes that following one's conscience is the highest priority, even when the result is social ostracism. However, scholars debate about the Southern Gothic classification, noting that Boo Radley is in fact human, protective, and benevolent. Furthermore, in addressing themes such as alcoholism, incest, rape, and racial violence, Lee wrote about her small town realistically rather than melodramatically. She portrays the problems of individual characters as universal underlying issues in every society."}], ["Novel ini telah diperhatikan kerana penerokaan yang tajam terhadap pelbagai bentuk keberanian. Kecenderungan pengintipan pengakap untuk memerangi pelajar yang menghina Atticus mencerminkan percubaannya untuk menentangnya dan mempertahankannya. Atticus adalah pusat moral novel, bagaimanapun, dan dia mengajar Jem salah satu pelajaran keberanian yang paling penting. Dalam satu kenyataan yang menggambarkan motivasi Atticus untuk mempertahankan Tom Robinson dan menggambarkan Puan Dubose, yang bertekad untuk memecah dirinya ketagihan morfin, Atticus memberitahu Jem bahawa keberanian adalah \"apabila anda menjilat sebelum anda bermula tetapi anda bermula pula dan anda lihat melalui apa sahaja \". <> Puan Dubose mengalami ketagihan terhadap apa? || morfin <> Siapakah pusat moral novel? || Atticus <> Novel meneroka pelbagai bentuk sifat apa? || keberanian", {"qas": [{"question": "Mrs. Dubose suffers from an addiction to what?", "id": "56cf4943aab44d1400b88f42", "answers": [{"text": "morphine", "answer_start": 473}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the moral center of the novel?", "id": "56d1a35fe7d4791d00902085", "answers": [{"text": "Atticus", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The novel explores various forms of what trait?", "id": "56d1a35fe7d4791d00902086", "answers": [{"text": "courage", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The novel has been noted for its poignant exploration of different forms of courage. Scout's impulsive inclination to fight students who insult Atticus reflects her attempt to stand up for him and defend him. Atticus is the moral center of the novel, however, and he teaches Jem one of the most significant lessons of courage. In a statement that foreshadows Atticus' motivation for defending Tom Robinson and describes Mrs. Dubose, who is determined to break herself of a morphine addiction, Atticus tells Jem that courage is \"when you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what\"."}], ["Tema ketidakadilan kaum muncul secara simbolik dalam novel juga. Sebagai contoh, Atticus mesti menembak seekor anjing rabun, walaupun ia bukan tugasnya untuk melakukannya. Carolyn Jones berhujah bahawa anjing itu mewakili prejudis di bandar Maycomb, dan Atticus, yang menunggu di jalan yang terpencil untuk menembak anjing itu, mesti berperang melawan perkauman bandar tanpa bantuan daripada warga kulit putih yang lain. Dia juga bersendirian apabila dia menghadapi kumpulan yang berniat untuk memanggil Tom Robinson dan sekali lagi di mahkamah semasa perbicaraan Tom. Lee juga menggunakan imejan mimpi dari kejadian anjing gila untuk menggambarkan beberapa adegan di mahkamah. Jones menulis, \"[t] dia anjing gila sebenar di Maycomb adalah perkauman yang membantah kemanusiaan Tom Robinson .... Ketika Atticus membuat penjumlahannya kepada juri, ia secara harfiah membebaskan diri kepada juri dan kemarahan kota itu.\" <> Atticus ditugaskan membunuh haiwan apa yang ada dalam novel itu? || anjing rabun <> Apakah Atticus menembak simbol anjing rabun? || berperang melawan perkauman di bandar ini", {"qas": [{"question": "Atticus is tasked with killing what animal in the novel?", "id": "56ce99a5aab44d1400b888c5", "answers": [{"text": "a rabid dog", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Atticus shooting the rabid dog symbolic of?", "id": "56d19cf4e7d4791d00902079", "answers": [{"text": "fight against the town's racism", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The theme of racial injustice appears symbolically in the novel as well. For example, Atticus must shoot a rabid dog, even though it is not his job to do so. Carolyn Jones argues that the dog represents prejudice within the town of Maycomb, and Atticus, who waits on a deserted street to shoot the dog, must fight against the town's racism without help from other white citizens. He is also alone when he faces a group intending to lynch Tom Robinson and once more in the courthouse during Tom's trial. Lee even uses dreamlike imagery from the mad dog incident to describe some of the courtroom scenes. Jones writes, \"[t]he real mad dog in Maycomb is the racism that denies the humanity of Tom Robinson .... When Atticus makes his summation to the jury, he literally bares himself to the jury's and the town's anger.\""}], ["Ibu yang tidak hadir dan bapa-bapa yang kasar adalah tema lain dalam novel itu. Scout dan ibu Jem meninggal sebelum Pramuka dapat mengingatnya, ibu Mayella sudah mati, dan Puan Radley diam tentang pembedahan Boo ke rumah. Selain dari Atticus, bapa-bapa yang diterangkan adalah penderita. Bob Ewell, ia diwarnai, melecehkan anaknya, dan Encik Radley memenjarakan anaknya di rumahnya sehingga Boo diingati hanya sebagai hantu. Bob Ewell dan Encik Radley mewakili satu bentuk maskuliniti yang tidak dilakukan oleh Atticus, dan novel itu mencadangkan bahawa lelaki dan juga hipokrit wanita feminin di Masyarakat Mubaligh boleh menyesatkan masyarakat. Atticus berdiri terpisah sebagai model maskuliniti yang unik; seperti yang dijelaskan oleh seorang ulama: \"Ini adalah pekerjaan orang-orang sebenar yang merangkumi sifat-sifat maskulin tradisi individualisme heroik, keberanian, dan pengetahuan dan dedikasinya terhadap keadilan sosial dan moral, untuk menetapkan masyarakat secara lurus.\" <> Dalam buku itu, watak mana yang diharapkan untuk mencabul anak mereka? || Bob Ewell <> Siapa satu-satunya bapa yang tidak sengsara disebut? || Atticus", {"qas": [{"question": "In the book, which character was expected of molesting their child?", "id": "56cf4b72aab44d1400b88f75", "answers": [{"text": "Bob Ewell", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the only non-abusive father mentioned?", "id": "56d2581659d6e41400145edc", "answers": [{"text": "Atticus", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Absent mothers and abusive fathers are another theme in the novel. Scout and Jem's mother died before Scout could remember her, Mayella's mother is dead, and Mrs. Radley is silent about Boo's confinement to the house. Apart from Atticus, the fathers described are abusers. Bob Ewell, it is hinted, molested his daughter, and Mr. Radley imprisons his son in his house until Boo is remembered only as a phantom. Bob Ewell and Mr. Radley represent a form of masculinity that Atticus does not, and the novel suggests that such men as well as the traditionally feminine hypocrites at the Missionary Society can lead society astray. Atticus stands apart as a unique model of masculinity; as one scholar explains: \"It is the job of real men who embody the traditional masculine qualities of heroic individualism, bravery, and an unshrinking knowledge of and dedication to social justice and morality, to set the society straight.\""}], ["Bahagian kedua novel berkaitan dengan pengulas buku Harding LeMay yang menyebut \"rasa malu-malu yang mengerikan dari Southerner putih beradab dalam rawatan Negro\". Dalam tahun-tahun selepas pembebasannya, banyak pengulas dipertimbangkan untuk Membunuh seorang Mockingbird novel yang terutama berkaitan dengan hubungan kaum. Claudia Durst Johnson menganggapnya sebagai \"munasabah untuk mempercayai\" bahawa novel itu dibentuk oleh dua peristiwa yang membabitkan isu-isu perkauman di Alabama: keengganan Rosa Parks untuk memberi tempat duduknya di bas bandar kepada orang kulit putih, yang mencetuskan Boycott Bus 1955 Montgomery, dan rusuhan 1956 di University of Alabama selepas Autherine Lucy dan Polly Myers telah diterima (Myers akhirnya menarik balik permohonannya dan Lucy diusir, tetapi dikembalikan semula pada tahun 1980). Dalam konteks mengenai konteks sejarah pembinaan novel itu, dua kesusasteraan sarjana lain: \"Membunuh seorang Mockingbird ditulis dan diterbitkan di tengah-tengah perubahan sosial yang paling penting dan konflik di Selatan sejak Perang Saudara dan Rekonstruksi. pertengahan tahun 1930-an, kisah yang diberitahu dari perspektif 1950-an menyuarakan konflik, ketegangan, dan ketakutan yang disebabkan oleh peralihan ini. \" <> Bilakah Montgomery Bus Boycott berlaku? || 1955 <> Banyak pengulas menganggap bahagian kedua buku itu mengenai isu apa? || hubungan kaum", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Montgomery Bus Boycott take place?", "id": "56ce98e7aab44d1400b888bf", "answers": [{"text": "1955", "answer_start": 531}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Many reviewers consider the second part of the book to be about what issue?", "id": "56d198dce7d4791d0090206f", "answers": [{"text": "race relations", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The second part of the novel deals with what book reviewer Harding LeMay termed \"the spirit-corroding shame of the civilized white Southerner in the treatment of the Negro\". In the years following its release, many reviewers considered To Kill a Mockingbird a novel primarily concerned with race relations. Claudia Durst Johnson considers it \"reasonable to believe\" that the novel was shaped by two events involving racial issues in Alabama: Rosa Parks' refusal to yield her seat on a city bus to a white person, which sparked the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott, and the 1956 riots at the University of Alabama after Autherine Lucy and Polly Myers were admitted (Myers eventually withdrew her application and Lucy was expelled, but reinstated in 1980). In writing about the historical context of the novel's construction, two other literary scholars remark: \"To Kill a Mockingbird was written and published amidst the most significant and conflict-ridden social change in the South since the Civil War and Reconstruction. Inevitably, despite its mid-1930s setting, the story told from the perspective of the 1950s voices the conflicts, tensions, and fears induced by this transition.\""}], ["Dalam wawancara 1964, Lee berkata bahawa hasratnya \"menjadi ... Jane Austen dari Alabama Selatan.\" Kedua-dua Austen dan Lee menantang status sosial quo dan menghargai nilai individu atas kedudukan sosial. Apabila Scout memalukan rakan sekelasnya yang lebih miskin, Walter Cunningham, di rumah Finch pada suatu hari, Calpurnia, tukang masak mereka hitam, menyeksa dan menghukumnya kerana berbuat demikian. Atticus menghormati penghakiman Calpurnia, dan kemudian dalam buku itu bahkan berdiri dengan kakaknya, Bibi Alexandra yang hebat, ketika dia sangat menyarankan mereka memecat Calpurnia. Seorang penulis mencatat bahawa Pengakap, \"dalam fesyen Austenian\", menafikan wanita yang dia tidak ingin mengenal pasti. Pengkritik sastra Jean Blackall mencantumkan prioritas yang dikongsi oleh dua penulis: \"penegasan tatanan dalam masyarakat, ketaatan, hormat, dan menghormati individu tanpa memperhatikan status\". <> Siapa yang memasak di rumah Finch? || Calpurnia <> Siapa adik beradik Atticus Finch? || Bibi Alexandra <> Siapa yang mengamuk Pengakap dan memalukan di rumah mereka? || Walter Cunningham <> Penulis manakah yang Lee bercita-cita menjadi seperti? || Jane Austen <> Kedua-dua penulis menghargai apa kedudukan sosial? || nilai individu", {"qas": [{"question": "Who does the cooking at the Finch's house?", "id": "56cf477faab44d1400b88f14", "answers": [{"text": "Calpurnia", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is Atticus Finch's sibling?", "id": "56cf477faab44d1400b88f15", "answers": [{"text": "Aunt Alexandra", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does Scout Tease and humiliate at their house?", "id": "56cf477faab44d1400b88f16", "answers": [{"text": "Walter Cunningham", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which author did Lee aspire to be like?", "id": "56d19e43e7d4791d0090207b", "answers": [{"text": "Jane Austen", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Both authors valued what over social standing?", "id": "56d19e43e7d4791d0090207c", "answers": [{"text": "individual worth", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In a 1964 interview, Lee remarked that her aspiration was \"to be ... the Jane Austen of South Alabama.\" Both Austen and Lee challenged the social status quo and valued individual worth over social standing. When Scout embarrasses her poorer classmate, Walter Cunningham, at the Finch home one day, Calpurnia, their black cook, chastises and punishes her for doing so. Atticus respects Calpurnia's judgment, and later in the book even stands up to his sister, the formidable Aunt Alexandra, when she strongly suggests they fire Calpurnia. One writer notes that Scout, \"in Austenian fashion\", satirizes women with whom she does not wish to identify. Literary critic Jean Blackall lists the priorities shared by the two authors: \"affirmation of order in society, obedience, courtesy, and respect for the individual without regard for status\"."}], ["Para ulama berpendapat bahawa pendekatan Lee terhadap kelas dan kaum lebih rumit \"daripada menganggap prasangka kaum terutamanya untuk 'sampah putih yang buruk' ... Lee menunjukkan bagaimana isu-isu jantina dan kelas memperhebat prasangka, membisukan suara-suara yang mungkin mencabar perintah yang sedia ada, dan sangat merumitkan konsepsi ramai rakyat Amerika mengenai sebab-sebab perkauman dan pemisahan. \" Penggunaan suara naratif kelas menengah Lee adalah alat sastera yang membolehkan keintiman dengan pembaca, tanpa mengira latar belakang kelas atau budaya, dan memupuk rasa nostalgia. Perkongsian Pengakap dan perspektif Jem, pembaca dibenarkan terlibat dalam hubungan dengan antebellum konservatif Puan Dubose; Ewells kelas bawah, dan Cunningham yang sama miskin tetapi berkelakuan dengan cara yang jauh berbeza; Encik Dolphus Raymond yang kaya tetapi dihina; dan Calpurnia dan ahli-ahli komuniti hitam yang lain. Kanak-kanak menginternalisasi peringatan Atticus untuk tidak menghakimi seseorang sehingga mereka berjalan di kulit orang itu, mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih besar tentang motif dan tingkah laku orang. <> Adakah Ewell dianggap kaya atau miskin? || miskin <> Apakah dua faktor yang dilakukan Lee menunjukkan prejudis yang semakin meningkat? || jantina dan kelas <> Sikap tidak menghakimi kanak-kanak memberi mereka pemahaman yang lebih besar tentang apa? || motif dan tingkah laku orang", {"qas": [{"question": "Are the Ewell's considered rich or poor?", "id": "56cf48feaab44d1400b88f36", "answers": [{"text": "poor", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two factors did Lee demonstrate intensified prejudice?", "id": "56d1a128e7d4791d0090207f", "answers": [{"text": "gender and class", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The children's non-judgmental attitude gave them a greater understanding of what?", "id": "56d1a128e7d4791d00902081", "answers": [{"text": "people's motives and behavior", "answer_start": 1038}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Scholars argue that Lee's approach to class and race was more complex \"than ascribing racial prejudice primarily to 'poor white trash' ... Lee demonstrates how issues of gender and class intensify prejudice, silence the voices that might challenge the existing order, and greatly complicate many Americans' conception of the causes of racism and segregation.\" Lee's use of the middle-class narrative voice is a literary device that allows an intimacy with the reader, regardless of class or cultural background, and fosters a sense of nostalgia. Sharing Scout and Jem's perspective, the reader is allowed to engage in relationships with the conservative antebellum Mrs. Dubose; the lower-class Ewells, and the Cunninghams who are equally poor but behave in vastly different ways; the wealthy but ostracized Mr. Dolphus Raymond; and Calpurnia and other members of the black community. The children internalize Atticus' admonition not to judge someone until they have walked around in that person's skin, gaining a greater understanding of people's motives and behavior."}], ["Charles Shields, yang telah menulis satu-satunya biografi buku panjang Harper Lee hingga kini, menawarkan alasan untuk populariti dan kesan novel itu adalah \"pelajarannya tentang maruah manusia dan menghormati orang lain tetap asas dan universal\". Pelajaran Atticus kepada Pengakap bahawa \"anda tidak pernah benar-benar memahami seseorang sehingga anda mempertimbangkan perkara-perkara dari sudut pandangannya-sehingga anda memanjat di dalam kulitnya dan berjalan di dalamnya\" mencontohi belas kasihannya. Dia memikirkan komen itu ketika mendengar kesaksian Mayella Ewell. Apabila Mayella bereaksi dengan kekeliruan kepada soalan Atticus jika dia mempunyai kawan-kawan, Scout menawarkan bahawa dia mesti menyendiri daripada Boo Radley. Setelah berjalan ke rumah Boo selepas menyelamatkan nyawa mereka, Scout berdiri di teras Radley dan menganggap peristiwa tiga tahun sebelumnya dari perspektif Boo. Satu penulis menulis, \"... novel ini menyangkut tragedi dan ketidakadilan, sakit hati dan kehilangan, ia juga membawa perasaan yang kuat, keberanian, dan kesadaran sejarah menjadi manusia yang lebih baik.\" <> Siapa yang telah menulis satu-satunya biografi Harper Lee? || Charles Shields <> Siapa yang menulis buku panjang biografi Harper Lee? || Charles Shields <> Menurut Shields, manakah dari pelajaran buku yang asas dan universal? || maruah manusia dan menghormati orang lain <> Siapa yang menganggap Scout fikir boleh menyendiri daripada Boo Radley? || Mayella Ewell", {"qas": [{"question": "Who has written the only biography of Harper Lee?", "id": "56cf4ad1aab44d1400b88f64", "answers": [{"text": "Charles Shields", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the only book length- biography of Harper Lee?", "id": "56d2021be7d4791d009025e2", "answers": [{"text": "Charles Shields", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to Shields, which of the books lessons are fundamental and universal?", "id": "56d2021be7d4791d009025e3", "answers": [{"text": "human dignity and respect for others", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does Scout think could be lonelier than Boo Radley?", "id": "56d2021be7d4791d009025e4", "answers": [{"text": "Mayella Ewell", "answer_start": 493}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Charles Shields, who has written the only book-length biography of Harper Lee to date, offers the reason for the novel's enduring popularity and impact is that \"its lessons of human dignity and respect for others remain fundamental and universal\". Atticus' lesson to Scout that \"you never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view\u2014until you climb around in his skin and walk around in it\" exemplifies his compassion. She ponders the comment when listening to Mayella Ewell's testimony. When Mayella reacts with confusion to Atticus' question if she has any friends, Scout offers that she must be lonelier than Boo Radley. Having walked Boo home after he saves their lives, Scout stands on the Radley porch and considers the events of the previous three years from Boo's perspective. One writer remarks, \"... [w]hile the novel concerns tragedy and injustice, heartache and loss, it also carries with it a strong sense [of] courage, compassion, and an awareness of history to be better human beings.\""}], ["Cendekiawan Patrick Chura, yang mencadangkan Emmett Till adalah model Tom Robinson, mencatatkan ketidakadilan yang dikuasai oleh Tom fiksyen yang Sehingga juga dihadapi. Chura mencatatkan ikon pemerkosa hitam yang menyebabkan kemudaratan kepada perwakilan \"wanita wanita yang terdedah kepada mitologi dan murni\" mitologi. Mana-mana pelanggaran oleh lelaki hitam yang hanya membayangkan hubungan seksual dengan wanita putih semasa novel yang ditetapkan sering menyebabkan hukuman mati bagi tertuduh. Percubaan Tom Robinson telah disiasat oleh petani putih yang miskin yang menjatuhkan hukuman kepadanya walaupun terdapat bukti yang sangat tidak bersalah, kerana penduduk bandar putih yang lebih berpendidikan dan sederhana menyokong keputusan juri. Tambahan pula, mangsa ketidakadilan kaum dalam Membunuh seorang Mockingbird mengalami gangguan fizikal, yang membuatnya tidak dapat melakukan perbuatan yang dituduhnya, tetapi juga melumpuhkannya dengan cara lain. Roslyn Siegel termasuk Tom Robinson sebagai contoh motif berulang di kalangan penulis putih kulit putih lelaki hitam itu sebagai \"bodoh, menyedihkan, tidak berdaya, dan bergantung kepada urusan yang adil dari orang kulit putih, dan bukan kepintarannya untuk menyelamatkannya\". Walaupun Tom terhindar dari kekurangan, dia dibunuh dengan keganasan yang berlebihan semasa percubaan melarikan diri dari penjara, ditembak tujuh belas kali. <> Jurucakap utama dalam percubaan Tom Robinson adalah semua bangsa mana? || putih <> Bagaimana Tom Robinson mati dalam novel itu? || ditembak tujuh belas kali <> Pada masa penataan novel, hukuman apa yang sering diterima oleh lelaki kulit hitam untuk merasakan hubungan seks dengan wanita putih? || kematian <> Siapa yang terdiri daripada juri Tom? || petani putih miskin <> Berapa kali tembakan Tom? || tujuh belas tahun", {"qas": [{"question": "The main jurors in Tom Robinson's trial were all which race?", "id": "56ce996caab44d1400b888c1", "answers": [{"text": "white", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did Tom Robinson die in the novel?", "id": "56ce996caab44d1400b888c2", "answers": [{"text": "shot seventeen times", "answer_start": 1237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At the time of the novel's setting, what punishment was often received by black males for percieved sexual contact with a white woman?", "id": "56d19bdee7d4791d00902073", "answers": [{"text": "death", "answer_start": 453}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who comprised Tom's jury?", "id": "56d19bdee7d4791d00902074", "answers": [{"text": "poor white farmers", "answer_start": 511}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times was Tom shot?", "id": "56d19bdee7d4791d00902075", "answers": [{"text": "seventeen", "answer_start": 1242}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Scholar Patrick Chura, who suggests Emmett Till was a model for Tom Robinson, enumerates the injustices endured by the fictional Tom that Till also faced. Chura notes the icon of the black rapist causing harm to the representation of the \"mythologized vulnerable and sacred Southern womanhood\". Any transgressions by black males that merely hinted at sexual contact with white females during the time the novel was set often resulted in a punishment of death for the accused. Tom Robinson's trial was juried by poor white farmers who convicted him despite overwhelming evidence of his innocence, as more educated and moderate white townspeople supported the jury's decision. Furthermore, the victim of racial injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird was physically impaired, which made him unable to commit the act he was accused of, but also crippled him in other ways. Roslyn Siegel includes Tom Robinson as an example of the recurring motif among white Southern writers of the black man as \"stupid, pathetic, defenseless, and dependent upon the fair dealing of the whites, rather than his own intelligence to save him\". Although Tom is spared from being lynched, he is killed with excessive violence during an attempted escape from prison, shot seventeen times."}], ["Sama seperti Lee meneroka pembangunan Jem dalam mengejar masyarakat yang bersifat perkauman dan tidak adil, Scout menyedari betapa bermakna wanita, dan beberapa watak wanita mempengaruhi perkembangannya. Pengenalan utama Scout dengan bapanya dan abangnya membolehkannya untuk menggambarkan pelbagai dan kedalaman watak wanita dalam novel itu sebagai salah seorang dari mereka dan sebagai orang luar. Model wanita utama Scout ialah Calpurnia dan jirannya, Miss Maudie, yang kedua-duanya kuat dikehendaki, bebas, dan pelindung. Mayella Ewell juga mempunyai pengaruh; Pengakap memerhatikannya memusnahkan seorang lelaki yang tidak bersalah untuk menyembunyikan hasratnya kepadanya. Watak-watak wanita yang memberi komen yang paling mengenai kurangnya keinginan Scout untuk mematuhi peranan yang lebih feminin adalah mereka yang mempromosikan pandangan pandangan yang paling rasis dan klasik. Sebagai contoh, Puan Dubose mengetuk Scout kerana tidak memakai pakaian dan camisole, dan menunjukkan bahawa dia merosakkan nama keluarganya dengan tidak berbuat demikian, selain menghina niat Atticus untuk mempertahankan Tom Robinson. Dengan mengimbangi pengaruh maskulin Atticus dan Jem dengan pengaruh feminin Calpurnia dan Miss Maudie, seorang ulama menulis, \"Lee secara beransur-ansur menunjukkan bahawa Scout menjadi feminis di Selatan, dengan penggunaan narasi pertama, dia menunjukkan bahawa Pengakap / Jean Louise masih mengekalkan ambivalensi tentang menjadi wanita Southern yang dimilikinya sebagai seorang kanak-kanak. \" <> Siapakah model peranan perempuan utama untuk Pengakap semasa kisah ini? || Calpurnia dan Miss Maudie <> Siapa dua model wanita utama Scout? || Calpurnia dan Miss Maudie <> Who chastis Pengakap untuk cara dia berpakaian dan menuduh dia merosakkan nama keluarganya? || Puan Dubose <> Tomboy Scout tumbuh menjadi apa? || feminis", {"qas": [{"question": "Who are the main female role models for Scout during the story?", "id": "56cf4b12aab44d1400b88f68", "answers": [{"text": "Calpurnia and Miss Maudie", "answer_start": 1103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who are Scout's two primary female models?", "id": "56d20469e7d4791d009025fc", "answers": [{"text": "Calpurnia and Miss Maudie", "answer_start": 1103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who chastis Scout for the way she dresse and accuses her of ruining her family name?", "id": "56d20469e7d4791d009025fd", "answers": [{"text": "Mrs. Dubose", "answer_start": 817}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tomboy Scout grows up tto become what?", "id": "56d20469e7d4791d009025fe", "answers": [{"text": "feminist", "answer_start": 1203}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Just as Lee explores Jem's development in coming to grips with a racist and unjust society, Scout realizes what being female means, and several female characters influence her development. Scout's primary identification with her father and older brother allows her to describe the variety and depth of female characters in the novel both as one of them and as an outsider. Scout's primary female models are Calpurnia and her neighbor Miss Maudie, both of whom are strong willed, independent, and protective. Mayella Ewell also has an influence; Scout watches her destroy an innocent man in order to hide her desire for him. The female characters who comment the most on Scout's lack of willingness to adhere to a more feminine role are also those who promote the most racist and classist points of view. For example, Mrs. Dubose chastises Scout for not wearing a dress and camisole, and indicates she is ruining the family name by not doing so, in addition to insulting Atticus' intentions to defend Tom Robinson. By balancing the masculine influences of Atticus and Jem with the feminine influences of Calpurnia and Miss Maudie, one scholar writes, \"Lee gradually demonstrates that Scout is becoming a feminist in the South, for with the use of first-person narration, she indicates that Scout/ Jean Louise still maintains the ambivalence about being a Southern lady she possessed as a child.\""}], ["Tafsiran kepada isu-isu undang-undang dalam Membunuh Mockingbird, terutama dalam pemandangan di luar bilik sidang, telah menarik perhatian dari sarjana undang-undang. Claudia Durst Johnson menulis bahawa \"bacaan kritikal yang lebih besar telah dikumpulkan oleh dua sarjana undang-undang dalam jurnal undang-undang daripada semua sarjana sastera dalam jurnal sastera\". Petikan pembuka oleh ahli silap mata abad ke-19 Charles Klein membaca: \"Peguam, saya rasa, adalah anak sekali.\" Johnson menyatakan bahawa walaupun dalam zaman kanak-kanak Scout dan Jem, kompromi dan perjanjian berlanggar dengan satu sama lain dengan meludah pada telapak tangan dan undang-undang dibincangkan oleh Atticus dan anak-anaknya: adakah betul bahawa Bob Ewell memburu dan perangkap dari musim? Banyak kod sosial yang dipecah oleh orang-orang di ruang sidang simbolik: Encik Dolphus Raymond telah diasingkan oleh masyarakat kerana mengambil wanita hitam sebagai isteri undang-undang umum dan mempunyai anak-anak ras; Mayella Ewell dipukul oleh ayahnya sebagai hukuman kerana mencium Tom Robinson; dengan menjadi orang bukan, Boo Radley menerima hukuman yang jauh lebih besar daripada mana-mana mahkamah boleh memberikannya. Pengakap berulang kali melanggar kod dan undang-undang dan memberi reaksi terhadap hukumannya. Sebagai contoh, dia enggan memakai pakaian yang berani, dengan mengatakan bahawa percubaan \"fanatik\" Bibi Alexandra untuk meletakkannya di dalamnya membuatnya merasakan \"penutupan kain merah jambu kapas di atasnya\". Johnson menyatakan, \"novel itu adalah kajian tentang bagaimana Jem dan Scout mula melihat kerumitan kod sosial dan bagaimana konfigurasi hubungan yang ditentukan oleh atau dimatikan oleh kod-kod tersebut gagal atau memelihara penduduk dunia mereka . \" <> Karakter yang mana yang dikutuk dalam buku untuk berkahwin dengan seorang wanita kulit hitam? || Dolphus Raymond <> Siapa yang spekulasi Charles Lamb pernah menjadi anak? || Peguam <> Apakah nama lain untuk penjara kapas merah jambu Scout? || pakaian berjalur", {"qas": [{"question": "Which character is chastised in the book for marrying a black woman?", "id": "56cf4ba7aab44d1400b88f78", "answers": [{"text": "Dolphus Raymond", "answer_start": 755}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does Charles Lamb speculate were once children?", "id": "56d25ca259d6e41400145ef0", "answers": [{"text": "Lawyers", "answer_start": 399}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for Scout's pink cotton penitentiary?", "id": "56d25ca259d6e41400145ef2", "answers": [{"text": "frilly clothes", "answer_start": 1185}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Allusions to legal issues in To Kill a Mockingbird, particularly in scenes outside of the courtroom, has drawn the attention from legal scholars. Claudia Durst Johnson writes that \"a greater volume of critical readings has been amassed by two legal scholars in law journals than by all the literary scholars in literary journals\". The opening quote by the 19th-century essayist Charles Lamb reads: \"Lawyers, I suppose, were children once.\" Johnson notes that even in Scout and Jem's childhood world, compromises and treaties are struck with each other by spitting on one's palm and laws are discussed by Atticus and his children: is it right that Bob Ewell hunts and traps out of season? Many social codes are broken by people in symbolic courtrooms: Mr. Dolphus Raymond has been exiled by society for taking a black woman as his common-law wife and having interracial children; Mayella Ewell is beaten by her father in punishment for kissing Tom Robinson; by being turned into a non-person, Boo Radley receives a punishment far greater than any court could have given him. Scout repeatedly breaks codes and laws and reacts to her punishment for them. For example, she refuses to wear frilly clothes, saying that Aunt Alexandra's \"fanatical\" attempts to place her in them made her feel \"a pink cotton penitentiary closing in on [her]\". Johnson states, \"[t]he novel is a study of how Jem and Scout begin to perceive the complexity of social codes and how the configuration of relationships dictated by or set off by those codes fails or nurtures the inhabitants of (their) small worlds.\""}], ["Walaupun peringatan editornya bahawa buku tersebut mungkin tidak dijual dengan baik, ia dengan cepat menjadi sensasi, membawa pujian kepada Lee dalam kalangan kesusasteraan, di kampung halamannya Monroeville, dan di seluruh Alabama. Buku itu telah melalui banyak cetakan seterusnya dan menjadi banyak tersedia melalui kemasukannya dalam Buku Bulan Bulan dan edisi yang dikeluarkan oleh Reader's Digest Condensed Books. <> Reader's Digest termasuk untuk membunuh Mockingbird dalam apa program mereka? || Book of the Month Club <> Keadaan availablity buku meningkat melalui kemasukan dalam perkhidmatan buku apa? || Buku Kelab Bulan", {"qas": [{"question": "Reader's Digest included To Kill a Mockingbird in what program of theirs?", "id": "56cf4debaab44d1400b88f8c", "answers": [{"text": "Book of the Month Club", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The book's availablity increased through inclusion in what book service?", "id": "56d2675b59d6e41400145f76", "answers": [{"text": "Book of the Month Club", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Despite her editors' warnings that the book might not sell well, it quickly became a sensation, bringing acclaim to Lee in literary circles, in her hometown of Monroeville, and throughout Alabama. The book went through numerous subsequent printings and became widely available through its inclusion in the Book of the Month Club and editions released by Reader's Digest Condensed Books."}], ["Ramai penulis membandingkan persepsi mereka untuk Membunuh Mockingbird sebagai orang dewasa apabila mereka mula membacanya sebagai anak-anak. Mary McDonagh Murphy menemuramah selebriti termasuk Oprah Winfrey, Rosanne Cash, Tom Brokaw, dan kakak Harper, Alice Lee, yang membaca novel itu dan menyusun jejak mereka sebagai kanak-kanak dan orang dewasa ke dalam buku berjudul Scout, Atticus, dan Boo. <> Tontonan tokoh awam novel itu terbentuk dalam buku yang dipanggil apa? || Pengakap, Atticus, dan Boo <> Siapa adik perempuan Harper Lee? || Alice Lee <> Buku apa yang dikumpulkan kesan orang dewasa dan tanggapan mereka sebagai anak-anak tentang novel itu? || Pengakap, Atticus, dan Boo", {"qas": [{"question": "Public figure's impressions of the novel were formed into a book called what?", "id": "56cf5398aab44d1400b88fe2", "answers": [{"text": "Scout, Atticus, and Boo", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Harper Lee's sister?", "id": "56cf5398aab44d1400b88fe3", "answers": [{"text": "Alice Lee", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What book compiled Adults'  impressions and their impressions as children about the novel?", "id": "56d3996b59d6e414001467eb", "answers": [{"text": "Scout, Atticus, and Boo", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many writers compare their perceptions of To Kill a Mockingbird as adults with when they first read it as children. Mary McDonagh Murphy interviewed celebrities including Oprah Winfrey, Rosanne Cash, Tom Brokaw, and Harper's sister Alice Lee, who read the novel and compiled their impressions of it as children and adults into a book titled Scout, Atticus, and Boo."}], ["Membunuh seorang Mockingbird telah menjadi sumber kontroversi yang ketara sejak menjadi subjek kajian kelas seawal tahun 1963. Buku perkauman, perbuatan sengaja, dan perbincangan terus terang tentang rogol telah menyebabkan orang ramai untuk mencabar kesesuaiannya di perpustakaan dan bilik darjah di seluruh United Negeri. Persatuan Perpustakaan Amerika melaporkan bahawa Membunuh Mockingbird adalah nombor 21 dari 100 buku yang paling sering dicabar pada tahun 2000-2009. <> Untuk Membunuh Mockingbird pertama kali dikaji di sekolah-sekolah Amerika pada tahun berapa? || 1963 <> American Library Associated rank To Kill a Mockingbird di mana pada buku paling kerap dicabar pada tahun 2000-2009? || 21 <> Dalam tahun apakah buku itu menjadi subjek kajian kelas? || 1963 <> Menurut Persatuan Perpustakaan Amerika, apa pangkat buku itu di antara buku yang paling sering dicabar dari tahun 2000 hingga 2009? || 21", {"qas": [{"question": "To Kill a Mockingbird was first studied in American schools in what year?", "id": "56cf54baaab44d1400b89010", "answers": [{"text": "1963", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The American Library Associated ranked To Kill a Mockingbird where on its most frequently challenged books of 2000-2009?", "id": "56cf54baaab44d1400b89011", "answers": [{"text": "21", "answer_start": 380}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the book become a subject of classroom study?", "id": "56d39d2359d6e41400146821", "answers": [{"text": "1963", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to The American Library Association, what rank did the book have among the most frequently challenged books from 2000 to 2009?", "id": "56d39d2359d6e41400146822", "answers": [{"text": "21", "answer_start": 380}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "To Kill a Mockingbird has been a source of significant controversy since its being the subject of classroom study as early as 1963. The book's racial slurs, profanity, and frank discussion of rape have led people to challenge its appropriateness in libraries and classrooms across the United States. The American Library Association reported that To Kill a Mockingbird was number 21 of the 100 most frequently challenged books of 2000\u20132009."}], ["Pada tahun 1992, editorial Alabama meminta kematian Atticus, mengatakan bahawa sebagai liberal sebagai Atticus, dia masih bekerja dalam sistem perisikan dan seksisme yang dilembagakan dan tidak patut dihormati. Editorial memunculkan tanggapan yang meragukan daripada peguam yang memasuki profesion kerana dia dan menghormati dia sebagai seorang pahlawan. Pengkritik Atticus mengekalkan dia secara samar-samar secara moral dan tidak menggunakan kemahiran hukumnya untuk mencabar status quo perkauman di Maycomb. Walau bagaimanapun, pada tahun 1997, Alabama State Bar mendirikan sebuah monumen kepada Atticus di Monroeville, menandakan kewujudannya sebagai \"peringatan peringatan pertama dalam sejarah kehakiman negara\". Pada tahun 2008, Lee sendiri menerima keahlian istimewa kehormat ke Alabama State Bar untuk membuat Atticus yang \"menjadi penafsir peguam teladan dalam memenuhi keperluan undang-undang golongan miskin\". <> Tahun berapa adalah patung Atticus dibina di Alabama? || 1997 <> Harper Lee diberikan keahlian pada tahun 2008? || Alabama State Bar <> Apa yang telah diberikan Alabama State Bar kepada Lee pada tahun 2008? || keahlian khas kehormat", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was a statue of Atticus build in Alabama?", "id": "56cf5472aab44d1400b88ff8", "answers": [{"text": "1997", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Harper Lee was given a membership to what in 2008?", "id": "56cf5472aab44d1400b88ff9", "answers": [{"text": "Alabama State Bar", "answer_start": 484}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Alabama State Bar bestow on Lee in 2008?", "id": "56d39b8159d6e41400146804", "answers": [{"text": "honorary special membership", "answer_start": 675}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1992, an Alabama editorial called for the death of Atticus, saying that as liberal as Atticus was, he still worked within a system of institutionalized racism and sexism and should not be revered. The editorial sparked a flurry of responses from attorneys who entered the profession because of him and esteemed him as a hero. Critics of Atticus maintain he is morally ambiguous and does not use his legal skills to challenge the racist status quo in Maycomb. However, in 1997, the Alabama State Bar erected a monument to Atticus in Monroeville, marking his existence as the \"first commemorative milestone in the state's judicial history\". In 2008, Lee herself received an honorary special membership to the Alabama State Bar for creating Atticus who \"has become the personification of the exemplary lawyer in serving the legal needs of the poor\"."}], ["Salah satu kesan yang paling penting untuk Membunuh seorang Mockingbird adalah model integriti Atticus Finch untuk profesion undang-undang. Seperti yang dikatakan sarjana Alice Petry, \"Atticus telah menjadi seorang pahlawan rakyat dalam kalangan undang-undang dan dianggap hampir seolah-olah dia adalah orang yang sebenarnya.\" Morris Dees dari Pusat Undang-undang Kemiskinan Selatan mengutip Atticus Finch sebagai alasan beliau menjadi peguam, dan Richard Matsch, hakim persekutuan yang mengetuai percubaan Timothy McVeigh, menganggap Atticus sebagai pengaruh kehakiman utama. Seorang profesor undang-undang di University of Notre Dame menyatakan bahawa buku teks yang paling berpengaruh yang dia ajar adalah To Kill a Mockingbird, dan satu artikel dalam tuntutan Kajian Undang-undang Michigan, \"Tidak ada peguam sebenar yang telah melakukan lebih banyak untuk citra diri atau orang awam persepsi profesion undang-undang, \"sebelum mempersoalkan sama ada,\" Atticus Finch adalah pujian kehormatan atau senapang sewa yang sangat licik \". <> Integriti Atticus Finch telah menjadi model untuk pekerjaan mana? || peguam <> Atticus Finch adalah model apa untuk profesional undang-undang? || integriti", {"qas": [{"question": "Atticus Finch's integrity has become a model for which job?", "id": "56cf542daab44d1400b88fec", "answers": [{"text": "lawyer", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Atticus Finch is a model of what for legal professionals?", "id": "56d39a7759d6e414001467fb", "answers": [{"text": "integrity", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One of the most significant impacts To Kill a Mockingbird has had is Atticus Finch's model of integrity for the legal profession. As scholar Alice Petry explains, \"Atticus has become something of a folk hero in legal circles and is treated almost as if he were an actual person.\" Morris Dees of the Southern Poverty Law Center cites Atticus Finch as the reason he became a lawyer, and Richard Matsch, the federal judge who presided over the Timothy McVeigh trial, counts Atticus as a major judicial influence. One law professor at the University of Notre Dame stated that the most influential textbook he taught from was To Kill a Mockingbird, and an article in the Michigan Law Review claims, \"No real-life lawyer has done more for the self-image or public perception of the legal profession,\" before questioning whether, \"Atticus Finch is a paragon of honor or an especially slick hired gun\"."}], ["Teman lelaki zaman kanak-kanak Lee, pengarang Truman Capote, menulis pada jaket habuk edisi pertama, \"Seseorang yang jarang menulis novel yang sangat bagus ini: seorang penulis dengan rasa hidup yang paling hidup, dan rasa humor paling hangat, paling asli. buku dan sangat lucu, sangat menyenangkan. \" Komen ini telah ditafsirkan untuk mencadangkan bahawa Capote menulis buku atau menyuntingnya dengan sangat. Pada tahun 2003, akhbar Tuscaloosa memetik bapa kandung Capote, Archulus Persons, sebagai mendakwa Capote telah menulis \"hampir semua\" buku itu. Pada tahun 2006, surat Capote didermakan kepada muzium warisan Monroeville; dalam surat kepada jiran di Monroeville pada tahun 1959, Capote menyebut bahawa Lee sedang menulis sebuah buku yang akan diterbitkan tidak lama lagi. Nota-nota yang meluas antara Lee dan editornya di Lippincott juga menyangkal khabar angin penulisan Capote. Adik perempuan Lee, Alice, menjawab khabar angin tersebut, dengan berkata: \"Itulah kebohongan terbesar yang pernah diberitahu.\" <> Siapa bapa Truman Capote? || Orang Arka <> Siapa yang telah berspekulasi menulis buku itu daripada Harper Lee? || Truman Capote <> Apa nama kakak Harper Lee? || Alice <> Siapa yang dikhabarkan telah menulis buku itu bukannya Lee? || Truman Capote <> Nota Lee yang membantu menafikan khabar angin ini? || editornya", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was Truman Capote's father?", "id": "56cf5655aab44d1400b8903c", "answers": [{"text": "Archulus Persons", "answer_start": 442}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was speculated to have wrote the book instead of Harper Lee?", "id": "56cf5655aab44d1400b8903d", "answers": [{"text": "Truman Capote", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Harper Lee's sister?", "id": "56cf5655aab44d1400b8903e", "answers": [{"text": "Alice", "answer_start": 851}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was rumored to have written the book instead of Lee?", "id": "56d3e2ac2ccc5a1400d82f13", "answers": [{"text": "Truman Capote", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Lee's notes to whom help disclaim this rumor?", "id": "56d3e2ac2ccc5a1400d82f14", "answers": [{"text": "her editor", "answer_start": 760}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Lee's childhood friend, author Truman Capote, wrote on the dust jacket of the first edition, \"Someone rare has written this very fine first novel: a writer with the liveliest sense of life, and the warmest, most authentic sense of humor. A touching book; and so funny, so likeable.\" This comment has been construed to suggest that Capote wrote the book or edited it heavily. In 2003, a Tuscaloosa newspaper quoted Capote's biological father, Archulus Persons, as claiming that Capote had written \"almost all\" of the book. In 2006, a Capote letter was donated to Monroeville's literary heritage museum; in a letter to a neighbor in Monroeville in 1959, Capote mentioned that Lee was writing a book that was to be published soon. Extensive notes between Lee and her editor at Lippincott also refute the rumor of Capote's authorship. Lee's older sister, Alice, responded to the rumor, saying: \"That's the biggest lie ever told.\""}], ["Salah satu insiden pertama buku yang dicabar adalah di Hanover, Virginia, pada tahun 1966: seorang ibu bapa memprotes bahawa penggunaan rogol sebagai alat plot adalah tidak bermoral. Johnson mengutip contoh-contoh surat kepada akhbar tempatan, yang terdiri daripada hiburan untuk kemarahan; Walau bagaimanapun, surat-surat yang menyatakan kemarahan yang paling, mengadu tentang tarikan Mayella Ewell kepada Tom Robinson atas gambaran rogol. Setelah mempelajari pentadbir sekolah mengadakan pemeriksaan untuk menentukan kesesuaian buku untuk kelas, Harper Lee menghantar $ 10 kepada The Richmond News Leader yang menyarankan agar digunakan untuk mendaftar \"Lembaga Sekolah Hanover County dalam mana-mana kelas pertama pilihannya\". Persatuan Pendidikan Kebangsaan pada tahun 1968 meletakkan novel kedua dalam senarai buku yang menerima banyak aduan daripada organisasi swasta selepas Little Black Sambo. <> Bilakah kontroversi utama pertama yang muncul dari buku itu? || 1966 <> Apa peristiwa dalam novel itu dikritik hebat kerana menjadi alat plot? || Perkosaan <> Dalam surat kepada akhbar tempatan, apa subplot dalam buku itu menerima aduan yang paling? || Daya tarikan Mayella Ewell kepada Tom Robinson <> Menurut Persatuan Pendidikan Kebangsaan, apakah satu-satunya buku untuk menerima lebih banyak aduan pada tahun 1968? || Little Black Sambo", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the first major controversy that surfaced from the book?", "id": "56cf550faab44d1400b8901e", "answers": [{"text": "1966", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What event in the novel was heavily criticized for being a plot device?", "id": "56cf550faab44d1400b8901f", "answers": [{"text": "rape", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In letters to local newspapers, what subplot in the book received the most complaints?", "id": "56d3a1c459d6e4140014683d", "answers": [{"text": "Mayella Ewell's attraction to Tom Robinson", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to the National Education Association, what was the only book to receive more complaints in 1968?", "id": "56d3a1c459d6e4140014683e", "answers": [{"text": "Little Black Sambo", "answer_start": 827}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One of the first incidents of the book being challenged was in Hanover, Virginia, in 1966: a parent protested that the use of rape as a plot device was immoral. Johnson cites examples of letters to local newspapers, which ranged from amusement to fury; those letters expressing the most outrage, however, complained about Mayella Ewell's attraction to Tom Robinson over the depictions of rape. Upon learning the school administrators were holding hearings to decide the book's appropriateness for the classroom, Harper Lee sent $10 to The Richmond News Leader suggesting it to be used toward the enrollment of \"the Hanover County School Board in any first grade of its choice\". The National Education Association in 1968 placed the novel second on a list of books receiving the most complaints from private organizations\u2014after Little Black Sambo."}], ["Satu tahun selepas penerbitannya Untuk Membunuh Mockingbird telah diterjemahkan ke dalam sepuluh bahasa. Sejak bertahun-tahun, ia telah menjual lebih daripada 30 juta salinan dan diterjemahkan ke dalam lebih daripada 40 bahasa. Novel ini tidak pernah dicetak dalam hardcover atau paperback, dan telah menjadi sebahagian daripada kurikulum literatur biasa. Kajian tahun buku menengah 2008 yang dibaca oleh pelajar di antara gred 9-12 di A.S. menunjukkan novel itu adalah buku yang paling banyak dibaca dalam gred ini. Satu tinjauan tahun 1991 oleh Kelab Book of the Month dan Perpustakaan Pusat Kongres untuk Buku mendapati bahawa Untuk Membunuh seorang Mockingbird diberi nilai di belakang hanya Alkitab dalam buku-buku yang \"paling sering disebut sebagai membuat perbezaan\". [Note 1] dianggap oleh beberapa orang untuk menjadi Novel Besar Amerika. <> Selepas satu tahun ketika Membunuh seorang Mockingbird mula keluar, berapa bahasa yang telah dicetak? || sepuluh <> Sehingga hari ini, berapa banyak bahasa yang Membunuh Mockingbird telah dicetak? || 40 <Berapa banyak salinan telah Membunuh Mockingbird yang dijual sejak pertama kali keluar? || 30 juta <> Berapa banyak salinan buku yang telah dijual? || lebih daripada 30 juta <> Berapa banyak bahasa telah diterjemahkan ke dalam buku? || lebih daripada 40 tahun", {"qas": [{"question": "After one year when To Kill a Mockingbird first came out, how many languages has it been printed in?", "id": "56cf52eeaab44d1400b88fd2", "answers": [{"text": "ten", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Up til today, how many languages has To Kill a Mockingbird been printed in?", "id": "56cf52eeaab44d1400b88fd3", "answers": [{"text": "40", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many copies has To Kill a Mockingbird sold since it first came out?", "id": "56cf52eeaab44d1400b88fd4", "answers": [{"text": "30 million", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many copies of the book have been sold?", "id": "56d3965159d6e414001467c9", "answers": [{"text": "more than 30 million", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many languages has the book been translated into?", "id": "56d3965159d6e414001467ca", "answers": [{"text": "more than 40", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One year after its publication To Kill a Mockingbird had been translated into ten languages. In the years since, it has sold more than 30 million copies and been translated into more than 40 languages. The novel has never been out of print in hardcover or paperback, and has become part of the standard literature curriculum. A 2008 survey of secondary books read by students between grades 9\u201312 in the U.S. indicates the novel is the most widely read book in these grades. A 1991 survey by the Book of the Month Club and the Library of Congress Center for the Book found that To Kill a Mockingbird was rated behind only the Bible in books that are \"most often cited as making a difference\".[note 1] It is considered by some to be the Great American Novel."}], ["Songbirds dan simbolisme yang berkaitan muncul di seluruh novel. Nama terakhir keluarga Finch juga berkongsi nama gadis ibu Lee. The mockingbird titular adalah motif utama tema ini, yang mula-mula muncul ketika Atticus, setelah memberi anak-anak senjatanya untuk Krismas, membolehkan Paman Jack mereka mengajar mereka untuk menembak. Atticus memberi amaran kepada mereka bahawa, walaupun mereka boleh \"menembak semua birujays yang mereka mahu\", mereka mesti ingat bahawa \"ia adalah dosa untuk membunuh burung mockingbird\". Bingung, Scout mendekati jirannya, Miss Maudie, yang menjelaskan bahawa penyamun tidak pernah membahayakan makhluk hidup yang lain. Dia menegaskan bahawa penyanyi mockingbird hanya merasakan keseronokan dengan lagu mereka, sambil berkata, \"Mereka tidak melakukan satu perkara tetapi menyanyikan hati mereka untuk kita.\" Penulis Edwin Bruell meringkaskan simbolisme ketika dia menulis pada tahun 1964, \"Untuk membunuh seekor burung gagak\" adalah membunuh yang tidak bersalah dan tidak berbahaya seperti Tom Robinson. \" Para ilmuwan telah menyatakan bahawa Lee sering kembali kepada tema mockingbird ketika cuba membuat titik moral. <> Haiwan mana yang berfungsi sebagai simbol di seluruh buku? || Songbirds <> Nama ibu Harper Lee adalah apa? || Finch <> Burung mana yang dikatakan oleh Atticus Finch adalah \"dosa untuk membunuh?\" || mockingbird <> Menurut Atticus, burung apakah itu dosa untuk menembak? || mockingbird <> Menurut Miss Maudie, burung mana yang tidak pernah berbahaya? || mockingbird <> Secara simbolik, membunuh seorang penyamun adalah membunuh apa yang menurut Edwin Bruell? || yang tidak bersalah dan tidak berbahaya", {"qas": [{"question": "Which animal serves as a symbol throughout the book?", "id": "56cf4ccdaab44d1400b88f7a", "answers": [{"text": "Songbirds", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Harper Lee's mother's maiden name was what?", "id": "56cf4ccdaab44d1400b88f7b", "answers": [{"text": "Finch", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which bird does Atticus Finch say is a \"sin to kill?\"", "id": "56cf4ccdaab44d1400b88f7c", "answers": [{"text": "mockingbird", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to Atticus, which bird is it a sin to shoot?", "id": "56d25eb659d6e41400145f06", "answers": [{"text": "mockingbird", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to Miss Maudie, which bird is never harmful?", "id": "56d25eb659d6e41400145f07", "answers": [{"text": "mockingbird", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Symbolically, killing a mockingbird is killing what according to Edwin Bruell?", "id": "56d25eb659d6e41400145f08", "answers": [{"text": "that which is innocent and harmless", "answer_start": 835}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Songbirds and their associated symbolism appear throughout the novel. The family's last name of Finch also shares Lee's mother's maiden name. The titular mockingbird is a key motif of this theme, which first appears when Atticus, having given his children air-rifles for Christmas, allows their Uncle Jack to teach them to shoot. Atticus warns them that, although they can \"shoot all the bluejays they want\", they must remember that \"it's a sin to kill a mockingbird\". Confused, Scout approaches her neighbor Miss Maudie, who explains that mockingbirds never harm other living creatures. She points out that mockingbirds simply provide pleasure with their songs, saying, \"They don't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us.\" Writer Edwin Bruell summarized the symbolism when he wrote in 1964, \"'To kill a mockingbird' is to kill that which is innocent and harmless\u2014like Tom Robinson.\" Scholars have noted that Lee often returns to the mockingbird theme when trying to make a moral point."}], ["Novel ini disebut sebagai faktor kejayaan pergerakan hak-hak sivil pada tahun 1960-an, namun, \"pada saat yang tepat untuk membantu Selatan dan bangsa bergelut dengan ketegangan kaum (pergerakan hak-hak sipil) \". Penerbitannya sangat berkaitan dengan Pergerakan Hak Sivil yang banyak kajian buku dan biografi Harper Lee termasuk perihalan detik-detik penting dalam pergerakan itu, walaupun fakta bahawa dia tidak mempunyai penglibatan langsung dalam mana-mana. Pemimpin Hak Sivil, Andrew Young mengulas bahawa sebahagian daripada keberkesanan buku itu adalah \"mengilhami harapan di tengah-tengah kekacauan dan kekeliruan\" dan dengan menggunakan epithets perkauman menggambarkan realiti masa di mana ia ditetapkan. Muda melihat novel itu sebagai \"perbuatan manusia\" dalam menunjukkan kemungkinan orang naik di atas prasangka mereka. Penulis Alabama Mark Childress membandingkannya dengan kesan Kabinet Uncle Tom, sebuah buku yang terlibat secara mendalam dalam memulakan Perang Saudara A.S.. Childress menyatakan novel itu \"memberikan Southerners putih cara untuk memahami perkauman yang mereka telah dibesarkan dengan dan untuk mencari jalan lain Dan kebanyakan orang kulit putih di Selatan adalah orang yang baik.Kebanyakan orang kulit putih di Selatan tidak membuang bom dan menyebabkan kerosakan ... Saya fikir buku itu benar-benar membantu mereka memahami apa yang salah dengan sistem dengan cara mana-mana bilangan risalah tidak boleh dilakukan, kerana ia adalah seni yang popular, kerana ia diberitahu dari sudut pandangan kanak-kanak. \" <> Pergerakan apa yang berlaku pada tahun 60-an apakah novel itu membantu percikan? || pergerakan hak sivil <> Buku mana yang dikreditkan dengan mencetuskan Perang Saudara AS? || Kabinet Uncle Tom <> Apa buku lain yang Mark Childress membandingkannya dengan? || Kabin Uncle Tom", {"qas": [{"question": "What movement in the '60s did the novel help spark?", "id": "56cf55e2aab44d1400b89038", "answers": [{"text": "civil rights movement", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which book was credited with sparking the US Civil War?", "id": "56cf55e2aab44d1400b89039", "answers": [{"text": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "answer_start": 909}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other book did Mark Childress compare it to?", "id": "56d3df022ccc5a1400d82f02", "answers": [{"text": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "answer_start": 909}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The novel is cited as a factor in the success of the civil rights movement in the 1960s, however, in that it \"arrived at the right moment to help the South and the nation grapple with the racial tensions (of) the accelerating civil rights movement\". Its publication is so closely associated with the Civil Rights Movement that many studies of the book and biographies of Harper Lee include descriptions of important moments in the movement, despite the fact that she had no direct involvement in any of them. Civil Rights leader Andrew Young comments that part of the book's effectiveness is that it \"inspires hope in the midst of chaos and confusion\" and by using racial epithets portrays the reality of the times in which it was set. Young views the novel as \"an act of humanity\" in showing the possibility of people rising above their prejudices. Alabama author Mark Childress compares it to the impact of Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book that is popularly implicated in starting the U.S. Civil War. Childress states the novel \"gives white Southerners a way to understand the racism that they've been brought up with and to find another way. And most white people in the South were good people. Most white people in the South were not throwing bombs and causing havoc ... I think the book really helped them come to understand what was wrong with the system in the way that any number of treatises could never do, because it was popular art, because it was told from a child's point of view.\" "}], ["Novel terkenal dengan kehangatan dan humornya, walaupun berhadapan dengan isu-isu serius mengenai rogol dan ketaksamaan kaum. Ayah narator, Atticus Finch, telah berkhidmat sebagai wira moral untuk ramai pembaca dan sebagai model integriti untuk peguam. Seorang pengkritik menerangkan kesan novelnya dengan menulis, \"Pada abad ke-20, Untuk Membunuh seorang Mockingbird mungkin buku yang paling banyak dibaca dengan ras di Amerika, dan protagonisnya, Atticus Finch, imej fiksyen yang paling berkekalan dalam kepahlawanan kaum.\" <> Apa dua isu moral yang serius dalam novel itu? || rogol dan ketidaksamaan kaum <> Siapa protagonis novel itu? || Atticus Finch", {"qas": [{"question": "What two serious moral issues are dealt with in the novel?", "id": "56d1085d17492d1400aab7a8", "answers": [{"text": "rape and racial inequality", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the protagonist of the novel?", "id": "56d1085d17492d1400aab7a9", "answers": [{"text": "Atticus Finch", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor, despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality. The narrator's father, Atticus Finch, has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers. One critic explains the novel's impact by writing, \"In the twentieth century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its protagonist, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism.\""}], ["Pada bulan Mei 2005, Lee membuat penampilan luar biasa di Perpustakaan Awam Los Angeles atas permintaan seorang janda Peck, Veronique, yang berkata tentang Lee: \"Dia seperti harta kebangsaan, dia seorang yang telah membuat perbezaan ... dengan buku ini. buku masih kukuh seperti yang pernah berlaku, dan begitu juga filem itu. Semua kanak-kanak di Amerika Syarikat membaca buku ini dan melihat filem itu di dalam kelas ketujuh dan lapan dan menulis surat-surat dan esei. Suami saya digunakan untuk beribu-ribu surat daripada guru yang akan menghantarnya kepadanya. \" <> Bilakah Lee secara rawak muncul di Perpustakaan Awam Los Angeles? || Mei 2005 <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh janda Peck Lee? || harta kebangsaan", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Lee randomly show up at the Los Angeles  Public Library?", "id": "56cf5ab3aab44d1400b890e9", "answers": [{"text": "May 2005", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Peck's widow call Lee?", "id": "56d3ead62ccc5a1400d82f55", "answers": [{"text": "a national treasure", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In May 2005, Lee made an uncharacteristic appearance at the Los Angeles Public Library at the request of Peck's widow Veronique, who said of Lee: \"She's like a national treasure. She's someone who has made a difference...with this book. The book is still as strong as it ever was, and so is the film. All the kids in the United States read this book and see the film in the seventh and eighth grades and write papers and essays. My husband used to get thousands and thousands of letters from teachers who would send them to him.\""}], ["Bermain Sergel melawat di UK bermula di West Yorkshire Playhouse di Leeds pada tahun 2006, dan sekali lagi pada tahun 2011 bermula di York Theatre Royal, kedua-duanya menghasilkan Duncan Preston sebagai Atticus Finch. Permainan ini juga membuka musim 2013 di Regent's Park Open Air Theater di London di mana ia bermain di rumah penuh dan membintangi Robert Sean Leonard sebagai Atticus Finch, penampilan London pertamanya dalam 22 tahun. Pengeluaran itu kembali ke tempat untuk menutup musim 2014, sebelum Tour UK. <> Negara apa yang dimainkan oleh Sergel di sekitar dan tampil pada tahun 2006? || UK <> Permainan ini adalah tindakan pembukaan untuk permulaan musim 2013 di lokasi mana? || The Regent's Park Open Theatre <> Who played Atticus Finch dalam produksi teater UK filem pada tahun 2006 dan 2011? || Duncan Preston", {"qas": [{"question": "What country did Sergel's play tour around in and perform in 2006?", "id": "56cf5b8eaab44d1400b89107", "answers": [{"text": "the UK", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The play was the opening act for the starting of the 2013 season at which location?", "id": "56cf5b8eaab44d1400b89108", "answers": [{"text": "Regent's Park Open Air Theatre", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who played Atticus Finch in the UK theater productions of the film in 2006 and 2011?", "id": "56d3ee6e2ccc5a1400d82f5f", "answers": [{"text": "Duncan Preston", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Sergel's play toured in the UK starting at West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds in 2006, and again in 2011 starting at the York Theatre Royal, both productions featuring Duncan Preston as Atticus Finch. The play also opened the 2013 season at Regent's Park Open Air Theatre in London where it played to full houses and starred Robert Sean Leonard as Atticus Finch, his first London appearance in 22 years. The production is returning to the venue to close the 2014 season, prior to a UK Tour."}], ["Buku ini dibuat ke dalam filem 1962 yang diterima dengan judul yang sama, dibintangi oleh Gregory Peck sebagai Atticus Finch. Penerbit filem, Alan J. Pakula, mengingati eksekutif Universal Pictures yang mempersoalkan tentang skrip potensial: \"Mereka berkata, 'Apa cerita yang anda merancang untuk memberitahu filem itu?' Saya berkata, 'Adakah anda membaca buku itu?' Mereka berkata, 'Ya.' Saya berkata, 'Itulah kisahnya.' \"Filem itu adalah hit di box office, dengan cepat melabur lebih daripada $ 20 juta daripada bajet bernilai $ 2 juta. Ia memenangi tiga Oscars: Pelakon Terbaik untuk Gregory Peck, Art Direction-Set Decoration, Black-and-White, dan Penulisan Terbaik, Skrip berdasarkan Material dari Medium lain untuk Horton Foote. Ia telah dicalonkan untuk lima lagi Oscars termasuk Pelakon Terbaik dalam Peranan Sokongan untuk Mary Badham, pelakon yang bermain Scout. <> Adaptasi filem buku itu dikeluarkan pada tahun berapa? || 1962 <> Siapa yang memainkan Atticus Finch dalam filem 1962 yang sama? || Gregory Peck <> Pelakon manakah yang menerima An Oscar kerana peranannya Atticus Finch dalam filem 1962 buku itu? || Gregory Peck", {"qas": [{"question": "A movie adaptation of the book was released in what year?", "id": "56cf59eaaab44d1400b890d1", "answers": [{"text": "1962", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who played Atticus Finch in the 1962 movie of the same title?", "id": "56cf59eaaab44d1400b890d2", "answers": [{"text": "Gregory Peck", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which actor received An Oscar for his role of Atticus Finch in the 1962 movie of the book?", "id": "56d3e8402ccc5a1400d82f43", "answers": [{"text": "Gregory Peck", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The book was made into the well-received 1962 film with the same title, starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch. The film's producer, Alan J. Pakula, remembered Universal Pictures executives questioning him about a potential script: \"They said, 'What story do you plan to tell for the film?' I said, 'Have you read the book?' They said, 'Yes.' I said, 'That's the story.'\" The movie was a hit at the box office, quickly grossing more than $20 million from a $2-million budget. It won three Oscars: Best Actor for Gregory Peck, Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Black-and-White, and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium for Horton Foote. It was nominated for five more Oscars including Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Mary Badham, the actress who played Scout."}], ["Harper Lee gembira dengan filem itu, berkata: \"Dalam filem itu lelaki dan bahagian bertemu ... Saya telah banyak, banyak menawarkan untuk menjadikannya muzikal, ke dalam panggung TV atau panggung, tetapi saya selalu menolak. Filem itu adalah karya seni. \" Peck bertemu bapa Lee, model untuk Atticus, sebelum penggambaran. Ayah Lee meninggal sebelum pelepasan filem itu, dan Lee sangat kagum dengan persembahan Peck bahawa dia memberinya poket ayahnya, yang dia bersamanya malam itu dia dianugerahkan Oscar untuk pelakon terbaik. Beberapa tahun kemudian, beliau enggan memberitahu Lee bahawa jam tangan itu telah dicuri dari bagasinya di Lapangan Terbang London Heathrow. Apabila Peck akhirnya memberitahu Lee, dia berkata dia menjawab, \"'Baiklah, itu hanya jam tangan.' Harper-dia terasa sangat, tetapi dia bukan orang yang sentimental tentang perkara-perkara. \" Lee dan Peck berkongsi persahabatan lama selepas filem itu dibuat. Cucu Peck dinamakan \"Harper\" dalam penghormatannya. <> Apa item Lee memberi pelakon Gregory Peck selepas menggambarkan Atticus Finch? || pocketwatch bapa <> Yang salah satu saudara Gregory Peck dinamakan selepas Harper Lee? || cucu <> Apa kesan peribadi yang diberikan Lee kepada Peck? || Pocketwatch ayahnya <> Yang mana satu saudara lelaki Peck yang bernama Harper untuk menghormati Lee? || cucu cucu", {"qas": [{"question": "What item did Lee give the actor Gregory Peck after portraying Atticus Finch?", "id": "56cf5a6aaab44d1400b890e3", "answers": [{"text": "father's pocketwatch", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which one of Gregory Peck's relatives was named after Harper Lee?", "id": "56cf5a6aaab44d1400b890e4", "answers": [{"text": "grandson", "answer_start": 847}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What personal effect did Lee give to Peck?", "id": "56d3e9702ccc5a1400d82f51", "answers": [{"text": "her father's pocketwatch", "answer_start": 399}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which one of Peck's relatives was named Harper in honor of Lee?", "id": "56d3e9702ccc5a1400d82f52", "answers": [{"text": "grandson", "answer_start": 847}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Harper Lee was pleased with the movie, saying: \"In that film the man and the part met... I've had many, many offers to turn it into musicals, into TV or stage plays, but I've always refused. That film was a work of art.\" Peck met Lee's father, the model for Atticus, before the filming. Lee's father died before the film's release, and Lee was so impressed with Peck's performance that she gave him her father's pocketwatch, which he had with him the evening he was awarded the Oscar for best actor. Years later, he was reluctant to tell Lee that the watch was stolen out of his luggage in London Heathrow Airport. When Peck eventually did tell Lee, he said she responded, \"'Well, it's only a watch.' Harper\u2014she feels deeply, but she's not a sentimental person about things.\" Lee and Peck shared a friendship long after the movie was made. Peck's grandson was named \"Harper\" in her honor."}], ["Pada tahun 2006, Lee dianugerahkan ijazah kehormat dari Universiti Notre Dame. Semasa majlis tersebut, para pelajar dan penonton memberikan Lee tepukan gemuruh, dan seluruh kelas lepasan mengangkat salinan Membunuh seorang Mockingbird untuk menghormati beliau. [Nota 5] Lee dianugerahkan Pingat Kebebasan Presiden pada 5 November 2007 oleh Presiden George W. Bush. Dalam ucapannya, Bush menyatakan, \"Satu sebab untuk Membunuh seorang Mockingbird berjaya adalah hati bijak dan baik penulis, yang datang melalui setiap halaman ... Membunuh seorang Mockingbird telah mempengaruhi watak negara kita untuk lebih baik. menjadi hadiah kepada seluruh dunia. Sebagai model penulisan yang baik dan kepekaan manusia, buku ini akan dibaca dan dipelajari selama-lamanya. \" <> Sekolah mana yang diberikan Lee sebagai doktor kehormat pada tahun 2006? || Universiti Notre Dame <> Yang mana presiden AS menganugerahkan Lee Medial of Freedom Presiden? || George W. Bush <> Bilakah Lee menerima Pingat Presiden Kebebasan? || 2007 <> Apa universiti memberi Lee sebagai doktor kehormat pada tahun 2006? || Notre Dame <> Pada tahun 2007, presiden mana yang dianugerahkan Lee Pingat Presiden Kebebasan? || George W. Bush", {"qas": [{"question": "Which school granted Lee an honory doctorate in 2006?", "id": "56cf593eaab44d1400b890bf", "answers": [{"text": "University of Notre Dame", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which president of the US awarded Lee the Presidential Medal of Freedom?", "id": "56cf593eaab44d1400b890c0", "answers": [{"text": "George W. Bush", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Lee receive a  Presidential Medal of Freedom?", "id": "56cf593eaab44d1400b890c1", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What university awarded Lee an honorary doctorate in 2006?", "id": "56d3e7442ccc5a1400d82f3d", "answers": [{"text": "Notre Dame", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2007, which president awarded Lee the Presidential Medal of Freedom?", "id": "56d3e7442ccc5a1400d82f3e", "answers": [{"text": "George W. Bush", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2006, Lee was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Notre Dame. During the ceremony, the students and audience gave Lee a standing ovation, and the entire graduating class held up copies of To Kill a Mockingbird to honor her.[note 5] Lee was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on November 5, 2007 by President George W. Bush. In his remarks, Bush stated, \"One reason To Kill a Mockingbird succeeded is the wise and kind heart of the author, which comes through on every page ... To Kill a Mockingbird has influenced the character of our country for the better. It's been a gift to the entire world. As a model of good writing and humane sensibility, this book will be read and studied forever.\""}], ["Buku ini juga telah disesuaikan sebagai permainan oleh Christopher Sergel. Ia bermula pada tahun 1990 di Monroeville, sebuah bandar yang menandakan sendiri \"The Capital Literary of Alabama\". Permainan ini dijalankan setiap Mei di kawasan pengadilan daerah dan penduduk bandar membuat pelakon. Ahli penonton lelaki putih dipilih pada waktu persinggahan untuk membuat juri. Semasa tempat pengadilan, pengeluaran bergerak ke Bangunan Mahkamah Daerah Monroe dan para penonton berpisah. Pengarang Albert Murray berkata hubungan antara bandar dengan novel ini (dan persembahan tahunan): \"Ia menjadi sebahagian daripada upacara kota, seperti pendirian agama Mardi Gras. Dengan seluruh bandar itu ramai di sekitar mahkamah yang sebenarnya, ia adalah sebahagian daripada pendidikan pusat, sivik-apa yang ingin dijadikan Monroeville. \" <> Siapa yang menjadikan novel ini bermain? || Christopher Sergel <> Ketika bermain untuk Membunuh Mockingbird pertama kali dilakukan? || 1990 <> Apa bandar yang dilabelkan sendiri \"The Capital Literary of Alabama\"? || Monroeville <> Siapa yang membuat permainan tahunan berdasarkan buku yang dilakukan di Monroeville? || penduduk bandar <> Semasa ruang sidang, apa yang berlaku kepada penonton? || bersifat perkauman", {"qas": [{"question": "Who turned the novel into a play?", "id": "56cf5b0eaab44d1400b890f7", "answers": [{"text": "Christopher Sergel", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the play for To Kill a Mockingbird first performed?", "id": "56cf5b0eaab44d1400b890f8", "answers": [{"text": "1990", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What town labeled itself \"The Literary Capital of Alabama\"?", "id": "56d3ec6d2ccc5a1400d82f59", "answers": [{"text": "Monroeville", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who makes up the cast of the annual play based on the book performed in Monroeville?", "id": "56d3ec6d2ccc5a1400d82f5a", "answers": [{"text": "townspeople", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the courtroom scene, what happens to the audience?", "id": "56d3ec6d2ccc5a1400d82f5b", "answers": [{"text": "racially segregated", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The book has also been adapted as a play by Christopher Sergel. It debuted in 1990 in Monroeville, a town that labels itself \"The Literary Capital of Alabama\". The play runs every May on the county courthouse grounds and townspeople make up the cast. White male audience members are chosen at the intermission to make up the jury. During the courtroom scene the production moves into the Monroe County Courthouse and the audience is racially segregated. Author Albert Murray said of the relationship of the town to the novel (and the annual performance): \"It becomes part of the town ritual, like the religious underpinning of Mardi Gras. With the whole town crowded around the actual courthouse, it's part of a central, civic education\u2014what Monroeville aspires to be.\""}], ["Pada tahun 2001, Lee telah dimasukkan ke dalam Alabama Academy of Honor. Pada tahun yang sama, Datuk Bandar Chicago, Richard M. Daley memulakan program membaca di seluruh perpustakaan di bandar, dan memilih buku kegemarannya, Untuk Membunuh Mockingbird, sebagai tajuk pertama One City, program One Book. Lee mengumumkan bahawa \"tidak ada penghormatan yang lebih besar yang boleh diterima oleh novel\". Menjelang tahun 2004, novel itu telah dipilih oleh 25 komuniti untuk variasi program bacaan di seluruh bandar, lebih daripada apa-apa novel lain. David Kipen dari National Endowment of Arts, yang menyelia The Big Read, menyatakan \"orang-orang hanya seolah-olah menyambung dengannya. Ia mengorek perkara dalam kehidupan mereka sendiri, interaksi mereka merentasi garis perkauman, pertemuan undang-undang, dan zaman kanak-kanak. kunci rangka kepada banyak bahagian kehidupan manusia yang berlainan, dan mereka menghargainya. \" <> Tahun manakah Lee dianugerahkan induksi ke Alabama Academy of Honor? || 2001 <> Pada tahun 2004, novel yang dipilih oleh berapa banyak komuniti untuk program bacaan di seluruh bandar lebih daripada apa-apa buku lain? || 25 <> Pada tahun 2001, Datuk Bandar bandar mana yang dipilih untuk Membunuh Mockingbird sebagai buku kegemaran mereka? || Chicago <> Datuk Bandar bandar mana yang memulakan program membaca dengan buku itu? || Chicago <> Menjelang tahun 2004, berapa ramai masyarakat menggunakan buku ini sebagai sebahagian daripada program bacaan mereka? || 25", {"qas": [{"question": "Which year was Lee awarded an induction into the Alabama Academy of Honor?", "id": "56cf586faab44d1400b890a5", "answers": [{"text": "2001", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2004, the novel as been picked by how many communities for citywide reading programs more than any other book?", "id": "56cf586faab44d1400b890a6", "answers": [{"text": "25", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2001, what city's mayor picked To Kill a Mockingbird as their favorite book?", "id": "56cf586faab44d1400b890a7", "answers": [{"text": "Chicago", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which city's mayor initiated a reading program with the book?", "id": "56d3e5de2ccc5a1400d82f2f", "answers": [{"text": "Chicago", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By 2004, how many communities were using the book as part of their reading programs?", "id": "56d3e5de2ccc5a1400d82f30", "answers": [{"text": "25", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2001, Lee was inducted into the Alabama Academy of Honor. In the same year, Chicago mayor Richard M. Daley initiated a reading program throughout the city's libraries, and chose his favorite book, To Kill a Mockingbird, as the first title of the One City, One Book program. Lee declared that \"there is no greater honor the novel could receive\". By 2004, the novel had been chosen by 25 communities for variations of the citywide reading program, more than any other novel. David Kipen of the National Endowment of the Arts, who supervised The Big Read, states \"people just seem to connect with it. It dredges up things in their own lives, their interactions across racial lines, legal encounters, and childhood. It's just this skeleton key to so many different parts of people's lives, and they cherish it.\""}], ["Selama bertahun-tahun selepas penerbitan novel itu, Harper Lee menikmati perhatian popularitinya menjuarai dia, memberikan temuramah, melawat sekolah, dan menghadiri acara yang menghormati buku itu. Pada tahun 1961, apabila Membunuh Mockingbird berada pada minggu ke-41 pada senarai bestseller, ia dianugerahi Hadiah Pulitzer, Lee yang menakjubkan. Ia juga memenangi Persaingan Ikhwan Persidangan Kebangsaan Kristian dan Yahudi pada tahun yang sama, dan Anugerah Tahun Baru dari majalah Bestsellers pada tahun 1962. Bermula pada tahun 1964, Lee mula menolak wawancara, mengadu bahawa soalan-soalan itu membosankan, dan berkembang dengan perhatian bahawa perhatiannya diterima bersempena dengan selebriti publisiti yang dicari. Sejak itu, beliau enggan bercakap dengan pemberita mengenai buku itu. Beliau juga enggan memberikan pengenalan, menulis pada tahun 1995: \"Pengenalan menghalang kesenangan, mereka membunuh kegembiraan jangkaan, mereka menggagalkan rasa ingin tahu. Satu-satunya perkara yang baik tentang Pengenalan adalah bahawa dalam beberapa kes mereka melambatkan dos yang akan datang. apa yang dikatakannya, ia berjaya bertahan bertahun-tahun tanpa pengantar. \" <> Tahun mana yang Membunuh Mockingbird memenangi Hadiah Pulitzer? || 1961 <> Berapa minggu untuk Membunuh Mockingbird kekal pada senarai bestsellers ketika memenangi Hadiah Pulitzer? || 41 <> Anugerah Paperback of the Year dari majalah Bestsellers dianugerahkan apabila? || 1962 <> Bilakah Harper Lee mula menolak wawancara dan soalan mengenai buku itu? || 1964 <> Apakah penganugerahan utama buku yang diterima pada tahun 1961? || Pulitzer Prize <> Dalam tahun apakah Lee berhenti memberikan wawancara mengenai buku itu? || 1964", {"qas": [{"question": "Which year did To Kill a Mockingbird win the Pulitzer Prize?", "id": "56cf572daab44d1400b89071", "answers": [{"text": "1961", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many weeks did To Kill a Mockingbird remain on the bestsellers list when it won the Pulitzer Prize?", "id": "56cf572daab44d1400b89072", "answers": [{"text": "41", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine was awarded when?", "id": "56cf572daab44d1400b89073", "answers": [{"text": "1962", "answer_start": 502}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Harper Lee begin refusing interviews and questions about the book?", "id": "56cf572daab44d1400b89074", "answers": [{"text": "1964", "answer_start": 520}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What major award did the book receive in 1961?", "id": "56d3e4762ccc5a1400d82f21", "answers": [{"text": "the Pulitzer Prize", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Lee stop giving interviews about the book?", "id": "56d3e4762ccc5a1400d82f22", "answers": [{"text": "1964", "answer_start": 520}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the years immediately following the novel's publication, Harper Lee enjoyed the attention its popularity garnered her, granting interviews, visiting schools, and attending events honoring the book. In 1961, when To Kill a Mockingbird was in its 41st week on the bestseller list, it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, stunning Lee. It also won the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews in the same year, and the Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine in 1962. Starting in 1964, Lee began to turn down interviews, complaining that the questions were monotonous, and grew concerned that attention she received bordered on the kind of publicity celebrities sought. Since the, she declined talking with reporters about the book. She also steadfastly refused to provide an introduction, writing in 1995: \"Introductions inhibit pleasure, they kill the joy of anticipation, they frustrate curiosity. The only good thing about Introductions is that in some cases they delay the dose to come. Mockingbird still says what it has to say; it has managed to survive the years without preamble.\""}], ["Draf awal untuk Membunuh seorang Mockingbird, yang berjudul Go Set a Watchman, dirancangkan secara kontroversial pada 14 Julai 2015. Draf ini, yang disiapkan pada tahun 1957, ditetapkan 20 tahun selepas tempoh masa yang digambarkan dalam Membunuh Mockingbird tetapi tidak kesinambungan naratif. Versi cerita yang lebih awal ini mengikuti Scout Finch dewasa yang bergerak dari New York untuk melawat bapanya, Atticus Finch, di Maycomb, Alabama, di mana dia dihadapkan dengan sikap tidak bertoleransi dalam komuniti. Manuskrip Watchman dipercayai telah hilang sehingga pengacara Lee Tonja Carter menemuinya; walaupun tuntutan ini telah banyak dipertikaikan. Watchman mengandungi versi awal banyak aksara dari To Kill a Mockingbird. Menurut ejen Lee Andrew Nurnberg, Mockingbird pada asalnya bertujuan untuk menjadi buku pertama trilogi: \"Mereka membincangkan penerbitan Mockingbird pertama, Watchman lepas, dan novel penyambung yang lebih pendek di antara keduanya.\" Dakwaan ini telah dipersalahkan oleh pakar buku langka James S. Jaffe, yang meninjau muka surat dengan permintaan peguam Lee dan mendapati mereka hanya satu lagi rancangan \"Membunuh Mockingbird\". Kenyataan itu juga bertentangan dengan deskripsi Jonathan Mahler tentang bagaimana \"Watchman\" dilihat sebagai draf pertama \"Mockingbird\". Contoh di mana banyak petikan bertindih antara kedua-dua buku, dalam beberapa kes perkataan untuk perkataan, juga menyangkal pernyataan ini. <> Bilakah Go Set Watchman diperkenalkan kepada orang ramai? || 14 Julai 2015 <> Go Set Pengawas selesai pada tahun berapa? || 1957 <> Berapa tahun selepas Membunuh Mockingbird adalah penetapan Go Set A Watchman? || 20 <> Siapa peguam Harper Lee? || Tonja Carter <> Apakah draf awal buku bertajuk? || Pergi Tetapkan Watchman <> Tahun berapa adalah Watchman selesai? || 1957 <> Berapa tahun selepas Mockingbird ditubuhkan oleh Watchman? || 20", {"qas": [{"question": "When was Go Set a Watchman introduced to the public?", "id": "56cf5c2caab44d1400b8911b", "answers": [{"text": "July 14, 2015", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Go Set a Watchman was finished in what year?", "id": "56cf5c2caab44d1400b8911c", "answers": [{"text": "1957", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many years after To Kill a Mockingbird is the setting of Go Set A Watchman?", "id": "56cf5c2caab44d1400b8911d", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Harper Lee's lawyer?", "id": "56cf5c2caab44d1400b8911e", "answers": [{"text": "Tonja Carter", "answer_start": 554}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the earlier draft of the book titled?", "id": "56d3f37f2ccc5a1400d82f83", "answers": [{"text": "Go Set a Watchman", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Watchman completed?", "id": "56d3f37f2ccc5a1400d82f84", "answers": [{"text": "1957", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many years after Mockingbird was Watchman set?", "id": "56d3f37f2ccc5a1400d82f85", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "An earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, titled Go Set a Watchman, was controversially released on July 14, 2015. This draft, which was completed in 1957, is set 20 years after the time period depicted in To Kill a Mockingbird but is not a continuation of the narrative. This earlier version of the story follows an adult Scout Finch who travels from New York to visit her father, Atticus Finch, in Maycomb, Alabama, where she is confronted by the intolerance in her community. The Watchman manuscript was believed to have been lost until Lee's lawyer Tonja Carter discovered it; although this claim has been widely disputed. Watchman contains early versions of many of the characters from To Kill a Mockingbird. According to Lee's agent Andrew Nurnberg, Mockingbird was originally intended to be the first book of a trilogy: \"They discussed publishing Mockingbird first, Watchman last, and a shorter connecting novel between the two.\" This assertion has been discredited however by the rare books expert James S. Jaffe, who reviewed the pages at the request of Lee's attorney and found them to be only another draft of \"To Kill a Mockingbird\". The statement was also contrary to Jonathan Mahler's description of how \"Watchman\" was seen as just the first draft of \"Mockingbird\". Instances where many passages overlap between the two books, in some case word for word, also refutes this assertion."}], ["Harper Lee tetap terlepas dari menafsirkan novel sejak pertengahan 1960-an. Walau bagaimanapun, beliau memberi sedikit pemahaman mengenai tema-temanya ketika, dalam sebuah surat yang jarang ditemui kepada editor, dia menulis sebagai tindak balas terhadap reaksi yang bersemangat yang ditimbulkan oleh buku itu: \"Sesungguhnya jelas kepada kecerdasan paling mudah yang Membunuh seorang Mockingbird disebut dengan kata-kata jarang lebih daripada dua suku kata satu kod penghormatan dan tingkah laku, Kristian dalam etikanya, itulah warisan semua orang Selatan. \" <> Menurut Lee, bukunya hanya mengungkapkan kod Kristian kehormatan dan kelakuan mewarisi kepada siapa? || semua orang selatan", {"qas": [{"question": "According to Lee, her book simply expressed a Christian code of honor and conduct inherit to whom?", "id": "56d1900ee7d4791d00902065", "answers": [{"text": "all Southerners", "answer_start": 449}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Harper Lee has remained famously detached from interpreting the novel since the mid-1960s. However, she gave some insight into her themes when, in a rare letter to the editor, she wrote in response to the passionate reaction her book caused: \"Surely it is plain to the simplest intelligence that To Kill a Mockingbird spells out in words of seldom more than two syllables a code of honor and conduct, Christian in its ethic, that is the heritage of all Southerners.\""}], ["Tidak semua pengulas sangat bersemangat. Sesetengah orang mengeluh penggunaan orang miskin putih Selatan, dan satu-dimensi hitam mangsa, dan Granville Hicks berlabel buku \"melodramatic dan contrived\". Apabila buku pertama kali dikeluarkan, penulis Southern Flannery O'Connor berkomentar, \"Saya fikir untuk buku kanak-kanak itu tidak baik, menarik bahawa semua orang yang membelinya tidak tahu mereka membaca buku kanak-kanak. harus mengatakan apa itu. \" Carson McCullers nampaknya bersetuju dengan ulasan majalah Time, menulis kepada sepupu: \"Nah, sayang, satu perkara yang kita tahu adalah bahawa dia telah memburu pada saya mengekalkan kesusasteraan.\" <> Yang resensi yang disebut buku itu melodramatik dan dibuat? || Granville Hicks <> Manakah penulis Selatan yang menganggapnya sebagai buku kanak-kanak? || Flannery O'Connor", {"qas": [{"question": "Which reviewer called the book melodramatic and contrived?", "id": "56d3958659d6e414001467c5", "answers": [{"text": "Granville Hicks", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Southern writer deemed it a child's book?", "id": "56d3958659d6e414001467c6", "answers": [{"text": "Flannery O'Connor", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Not all reviewers were enthusiastic. Some lamented the use of poor white Southerners, and one-dimensional black victims, and Granville Hicks labeled the book \"melodramatic and contrived\". When the book was first released, Southern writer Flannery O'Connor commented, \"I think for a child's book it does all right. It's interesting that all the folks that are buying it don't know they're reading a child's book. Somebody ought to say what it is.\" Carson McCullers apparently agreed with the Time magazine review, writing to a cousin: \"Well, honey, one thing we know is that she's been poaching on my literary preserves.\""}], ["Reaksi awal novel itu berbeza-beza. New Yorker mengisytiharkan ia \"mahir, bersahaja, dan benar-benar cerdik\", dan pengulas The Atlantic Monthly menganggapnya sebagai \"bacaan yang menyenangkan, tidak menentu\", tetapi mendapati suara naratif- \"seorang gadis berusia enam tahun dengan gaya prosa dewasa yang berpendidikan tinggi \"-yang tidak munasabah. Penerbitan buku majalah Time 1960 menyatakan bahawa \"mengajar pembaca sebagai beberapa kebenaran yang berguna mengenai gadis kecil dan kehidupan Selatan\" dan panggilan Scout Finch \"anak yang paling menarik sejak Frankie Carson McCullers ditinggalkan di majlis pernikahan\". Ahad, Chicago Tribune mencatatkan pendekatan yang hampir sama dengan narasi peristiwa novel itu, menulis: \"Ini bukanlah suatu novel sosiologi. Ia menggariskan tidak ada sebab ... Membunuh seorang Mockingbird adalah novel yang mempunyai kepentingan nasional kontemporari yang kuat. \" <> Akhbar apa yang menulis bahawa novel itu mempunyai makna nasional kontemporari yang kuat? || Chicago Ahad Tribune", {"qas": [{"question": "What newspaper wrote that the novel has strong contemporary national significance?", "id": "56d3949f59d6e414001467b8", "answers": [{"text": "The Chicago Sunday Tribune", "answer_start": 589}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Initial reactions to the novel were varied. The New Yorker declared it \"skilled, unpretentious, and totally ingenious\", and The Atlantic Monthly's reviewer rated it as \"pleasant, undemanding reading\", but found the narrative voice\u2014\"a six-year-old girl with the prose style of a well-educated adult\"\u2014to be implausible. Time magazine's 1960 review of the book states that it \"teaches the reader an astonishing number of useful truths about little girls and about Southern life\" and calls Scout Finch \"the most appealing child since Carson McCullers' Frankie got left behind at the wedding\". The Chicago Sunday Tribune noted the even-handed approach to the narration of the novel's events, writing: \"This is in no way a sociological novel. It underlines no cause ... To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel of strong contemporary national significance.\""}], ["Tom Robinson adalah contoh utama di kalangan beberapa orang yang tidak bersalah yang musnah atau tidak sengaja sepanjang novel itu. Walau bagaimanapun, pensyarah Christopher Metress menghubungkan si penyihir kepada Boo Radley: \"Daripada ingin mengeksploitasi Boo untuk kesenangannya sendiri (seperti yang dilakukannya pada permulaan novel dengan memainkan drama gothik mengenai sejarahnya), Pengakap datang untuk melihatnya sebagai 'mockingbird' - iaitu, sebagai seseorang yang mempunyai kebaikan batin yang mesti dihargai. \" Halaman-halaman terakhir buku ini menggambarkan ini sebagai Pengakap mengaitkan moral kisah Atticus yang telah dibacakan kepadanya, dan dalam kiasan kepada Boo Radley dan Tom Robinson menyatakan tentang watak yang salah faham, \"ketika mereka akhirnya melihatnya, kenapa dia telah tidak melakukan apa-apa perkara ... Atticus, dia benar-benar baik, \"yang dia menjawab,\" Kebanyakan orang, Scout, apabila anda akhirnya melihat mereka. \" <> Siapakah contoh utama yang tidak dimusnahkan dalam novel itu? || Tom Robinson <> Apa Scout melihat symbollically sebagai mockingbird? || Boo Radley <> Menurut Atticus, kebanyakan orang adalah bagaimana apabila anda benar-benar melihatnya? || benar bagus", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is the main example of an innocent destroyed in the novel?", "id": "56d261f359d6e41400145f36", "answers": [{"text": "Tom Robinson", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What  does Scout see symbollically as a mockingbird?", "id": "56d261f359d6e41400145f37", "answers": [{"text": "Boo Radley", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to Atticus, most people are how when you truly view them?", "id": "56d261f359d6e41400145f38", "answers": [{"text": "real nice", "answer_start": 747}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Tom Robinson is the chief example among several innocents destroyed carelessly or deliberately throughout the novel. However, scholar Christopher Metress connects the mockingbird to Boo Radley: \"Instead of wanting to exploit Boo for her own fun (as she does in the beginning of the novel by putting on gothic plays about his history), Scout comes to see him as a 'mockingbird'\u2014that is, as someone with an inner goodness that must be cherished.\" The last pages of the book illustrate this as Scout relates the moral of a story Atticus has been reading to her, and in allusions to both Boo Radley and Tom Robinson states about a character who was misunderstood, \"when they finally saw him, why he hadn't done any of those things ... Atticus, he was real nice,\" to which he responds, \"Most people are, Scout, when you finally see them.\""}], ["Novel itu mendedahkan hilangnya rasa tidak bersalah sehingga pengulas R. A. Dave mendakwa bahawa karena setiap watak harus menghadapi, atau bahkan mengalami kekalahan, buku itu mengambil unsur-unsur tragedi klasik. Dalam meneroka bagaimana setiap watak berurusan dengan kekalahan peribadinya sendiri, Lee membina kerangka untuk menilai sama ada watak-watak itu adalah pahlawan atau orang bodoh. Dia membimbing pembaca dalam penghakiman itu, bergantian di antara pemujaan yang tidak berbelah-bayang dan menggigit ironi. Pengalaman Pramuka dengan Masyarakat Mubaligh adalah penyatuan ironis perempuan yang mengolok-olok, menggosok, dan \"mencerminkan sikap penolakan, kolonialis terhadap kaum lain\" sambil memberikan \"penampilan kebendaan, ketakwaan, dan moral\". Sebaliknya, apabila Atticus kehilangan kes Tom, dia akhirnya meninggalkan ruang mahkamah, kecuali anak-anaknya dan penonton hitam di balkoni berwarna, yang bangkit dengan senyap ketika dia berjalan di bawahnya, untuk menghormati usahanya. <> Pengulas R. A. Dave mengelaskan novel bagaimana? || tragedi klasik", {"qas": [{"question": "Reviewer R. A. Dave classified the novel how?", "id": "56d2639159d6e41400145f48", "answers": [{"text": "classical tragedy", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The novel exposes the loss of innocence so frequently that reviewer R. A. Dave claims that because every character has to face, or even suffer defeat, the book takes on elements of a classical tragedy. In exploring how each character deals with his or her own personal defeat, Lee builds a framework to judge whether the characters are heroes or fools. She guides the reader in such judgments, alternating between unabashed adoration and biting irony. Scout's experience with the Missionary Society is an ironic juxtaposition of women who mock her, gossip, and \"reflect a smug, colonialist attitude toward other races\" while giving the \"appearance of gentility, piety, and morality\". Conversely, when Atticus loses Tom's case, he is last to leave the courtroom, except for his children and the black spectators in the colored balcony, who rise silently as he walks underneath them, to honor his efforts."}], ["Ulang tahun ke-50 pembebasan novel itu disambut dengan sambutan dan pantulan tentang impaknya. Eric Zorn dari Chicago Tribune memuji \"penggunaan bahasa yang kaya\" Lee tetapi menulis bahawa pelajaran utama ialah \"keberanian tidak selalu mencolok, tidak selalu cukup, tetapi sentiasa dalam gaya\". Jane Sullivan di Sydney Morning Herald bersetuju, menyatakan bahawa buku itu \"masih membangkitkan kemarahan yang segar dan mengerikan\" kerana ia mengkaji moralitas, topik yang baru-baru ini menjadi tidak dapat diprogramkan. Penulis Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie dalam The Guardian menyatakan bahawa Lee, yang jarang ditemui di novelis Amerika, menulis dengan \"dakwat yang sangat progresif, di mana tidak ada yang tidak dapat dielakkan tentang perkauman dan asasnya terbuka untuk dipertanyakan\", membandingkannya dengan William Faulkner, yang menulis mengenai perkauman sebagai tidak dapat dielakkan. Pengkritik sastera Rosemary Goring di The Herald di Scotland mencatatkan hubungan antara Lee dan Jane Austen, menyatakan tema pusat buku itu, bahawa \"keyakinan moral seseorang bernilai berjuang, walaupun dengan risiko dicaci maki\" dibincangkan secara fasih. <> Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie berbanding Lee untuk siapa? || William Faulkner <> Rosemary Goring menghubungkan Lee kepada siapa? || Jane Austen", {"qas": [{"question": "Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie vompared Lee to whom?", "id": "56d3977059d6e414001467d5", "answers": [{"text": "William Faulkner", "answer_start": 734}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Rosemary  Goring connected Lee to whom?", "id": "56d3977059d6e414001467d6", "answers": [{"text": "Jane Austen", "answer_start": 891}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The 50th anniversary of the novel's release was met with celebrations and reflections on its impact. Eric Zorn of the Chicago Tribune praises Lee's \"rich use of language\" but writes that the central lesson is that \"courage isn't always flashy, isn't always enough, but is always in style\". Jane Sullivan in the Sydney Morning Herald agrees, stating that the book \"still rouses fresh and horrified indignation\" as it examines morality, a topic that has recently become unfashionable. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie writing in The Guardian states that Lee, rare among American novelists, writes with \"a fiercely progressive ink, in which there is nothing inevitable about racism and its very foundation is open to question\", comparing her to William Faulkner, who wrote about racism as an inevitability. Literary critic Rosemary Goring in Scotland's The Herald notes the connections between Lee and Jane Austen, stating the book's central theme, that \"one\u2019s moral convictions are worth fighting for, even at the risk of being reviled\" is eloquently discussed."}], ["Alain Alabamian Allen Barra dengan tajam mengkritik Lee dan novel dalam The Wall Street Journal yang memanggil Atticus sebagai \"repository epigrams cracker-tong\" dan novel itu mewakili \"mitos bersalut gula\" sejarah Alabama. Barra menulis, \"Ia adalah masa untuk berhenti berpura-pura bahawa Membunuh Mockingbird adalah sejenis klasik abadi yang berpengkalan dengan karya-karya besar Amerika literatur. Thomas Mallon di The New Yorker mengkritik sikap Atticus yang tegar dan mandiri, dan memanggil Scout \"sejenis anak patung yang sangat dibina\" yang ucapannya dan tindakannya tidak mungkin. Walaupun mengakui bahawa novel itu berfungsi, Mallon meletupkan suara naratif \"liar tidak stabil\" Lee untuk membina sebuah cerita tentang kejiranan kandungan sehingga ia mula menyebarkan akhlak di drama ruang sidang, berikut dengan pemerhatiannya bahawa \"buku itu telah mula menghargai kebaikannya sendiri \"pada masa kes itu berakhir. [Nota 2] Mempertahankan buku, Akin Ajayi menulis bahawa keadilan\" sering rumit, tetapi harus selalu diasaskan atas pengertian kesetaraan dan keadilan untuk semua. \" Ajayi menyatakan bahawa pembacaan buku ini membincangkan isu mengenai bangsa, kelas, dan masyarakat, tetapi tidak ditulis untuk menyelesaikannya. <> Siapa yang mengkritik Lee dalam The Wall Street Journal? || Allen Barra <> Siapa yang menulis bahwa pembaca buku membahas isu-isu tanpa menyelesaikannya? || Akin Ajayi", {"qas": [{"question": "Who criticized Lee in The Wall Street Journal?", "id": "56d3988759d6e414001467e1", "answers": [{"text": "Allen Barra", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote that the book forces readers to question issues without resolving them?", "id": "56d3988759d6e414001467e2", "answers": [{"text": "Akin Ajayi", "answer_start": 957}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Native Alabamian Allen Barra sharply criticized Lee and the novel in The Wall Street Journal calling Atticus a \"repository of cracker-barrel epigrams\" and the novel represents a \"sugar-coated myth\" of Alabama history. Barra writes, \"It's time to stop pretending that To Kill a Mockingbird is some kind of timeless classic that ranks with the great works of American literature. Its bloodless liberal humanism is sadly dated\". Thomas Mallon in The New Yorker criticizes Atticus' stiff and self-righteous demeanor, and calls Scout \"a kind of highly constructed doll\" whose speech and actions are improbable. Although acknowledging that the novel works, Mallon blasts Lee's \"wildly unstable\" narrative voice for developing a story about a content neighborhood until it begins to impart morals in the courtroom drama, following with his observation that \"the book has begun to cherish its own goodness\" by the time the case is over.[note 2] Defending the book, Akin Ajayi writes that justice \"is often complicated, but must always be founded upon the notion of equality and fairness for all.\" Ajayi states that the book forces readers to question issues about race, class, and society, but that it was not written to resolve them."}], ["Selain itu, walaupun tumpuan tematik novel mengenai ketidakadilan kaum, watak hitamnya tidak diperiksa sepenuhnya. Dalam penggunaan epithets perkauman, stereotaip gambaran hitam betik, dan Calpurnia, yang kepada beberapa pengkritik adalah versi terbaru dari \"hamba berpuas hati\" motif dan kepada orang lain yang belum diterokai, buku ini dilihat sebagai meminggirkan watak hitam. Seorang penulis menegaskan bahawa penggunaan naratif Scout berfungsi sebagai mekanisme mudah bagi pembaca untuk tidak bersalah dan terpisah dari konflik perkauman. Suara Pramuka \"berfungsi sebagai bukan-saya yang membolehkan seluruh kita-hitam dan putih, lelaki dan perempuan-untuk mencari kedudukan relatif kita dalam masyarakat\". Satu panduan pengajaran untuk novel yang diterbitkan oleh The English Journal memperingatkan, \"apa yang kelihatan hebat atau berkuasa untuk satu kumpulan pelajar mungkin kelihatan menjejaskan yang lain\". Seorang perunding seni bahasa Kanada mendapati bahawa novel itu bergema dengan baik dengan pelajar kulit putih, tetapi para pelajar hitam mendapati ia \"merosakkan\". Kritikan yang lain, yang disuarakan oleh Michael Lind, adalah novel yang menimbulkan stereotaip dan penipuan di kalangan \"sampah putih\" luar bandar yang miskin. <> Karakter yang mana mempunyai beberapa pengkritik yang dianggap variasi hamba yang berpuas hati? || Calpurnia <> Menurut seorang perunding, kumpulan mana yang menemui buku yang merosot? || pelajar hitam <> Michael Lund mengkritik novel itu kerana membenci siapa? || sampah luar bandar \"sampah putih\"", {"qas": [{"question": "Which character has some critics deemed a variation of a contented slave?", "id": "56d3d0c42ccc5a1400d82eac", "answers": [{"text": "Calpurnia", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to one consultant, which group found the book demoralizing?", "id": "56d3d0c42ccc5a1400d82ead", "answers": [{"text": "black students", "answer_start": 930}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Michael Lund criticized the novel for demonizing whom?", "id": "56d3d0c42ccc5a1400d82eae", "answers": [{"text": "poor rural \"white trash\"", "answer_start": 1090}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Furthermore, despite the novel's thematic focus on racial injustice, its black characters are not fully examined. In its use of racial epithets, stereotyped depictions of superstitious blacks, and Calpurnia, who to some critics is an updated version of the \"contented slave\" motif and to others simply unexplored, the book is viewed as marginalizing black characters. One writer asserts that the use of Scout's narration serves as a convenient mechanism for readers to be innocent and detached from the racial conflict. Scout's voice \"functions as the not-me which allows the rest of us\u2014black and white, male and female\u2014to find our relative position in society\". A teaching guide for the novel published by The English Journal cautions, \"what seems wonderful or powerful to one group of students may seem degrading to another\". A Canadian language arts consultant found that the novel resonated well with white students, but that black students found it \"demoralizing\". Another criticism, articulated by Michael Lind, is that the novel indulges in classist stereotyping and demonization of poor rural \"white trash\"."}], ["Unsur gaya terkuat yang diperkatakan oleh pengkritik dan pengulas adalah bakat Lee untuk narasi, yang pada awal kajian di Time dipanggil \"kecemerlangan taktil\". Menulis satu dekad kemudian, seorang sarjana lain menyatakan, \"Harper Lee mempunyai karunia yang luar biasa untuk menceritakan kisah. Seninya adalah visual, dan dengan kecenderungan cinematografi dan kehalusan kita melihat adegan lebur ke dalam adegan lain tanpa gangguan peralihan.\" Lee menggabungkan suara seorang narator tentang seorang kanak-kanak yang memerhatikan persekitarannya dengan wanita dewasa yang mencerminkan zaman kanak-kanaknya, menggunakan kekaburan suara ini digabungkan dengan teknik naratif flashback untuk bermain dengan teliti dengan perspektif. Kaedah naratif ini membolehkan Lee untuk menceritakan kisah \"menyenangkan menipu\" yang mencampur kesederhanaan pemerhatian kanak-kanak dengan situasi dewasa yang rumit oleh motivasi tersembunyi dan tradisi yang tidak dipersoalkan. Walau bagaimanapun, kadang-kadang pengadun itu menyebabkan pengulas mempersoalkan perbendaharaan kata preternatural dan kedalaman pemahaman. Kedua-dua Harding LeMay dan pengkritik novel dan kritikus Granville Hicks menyatakan keraguan bahawa kanak-kanak yang terlindung seperti Scout dan Jem dapat memahami kerumitan dan kengerian yang terlibat dalam percubaan untuk kehidupan Tom Robinson. <> Apakah tulisan bertulis Lee paling kuat? || narasi <> Apakah teknik naratif yang digunakan oleh Lee untuk menggabungkan perspektif orang dewasa dengan pemerhatian kanak-kanak ?? || imbas kembali", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Lee's strongest style of writing?", "id": "56d133a017492d1400aabc1c", "answers": [{"text": "narration", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What narrative technique does Lee use to combine the adult's perspective with the child's observations??", "id": "56d133a017492d1400aabc1d", "answers": [{"text": "flashback", "answer_start": 593}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The strongest element of style noted by critics and reviewers is Lee's talent for narration, which in an early review in Time was called \"tactile brilliance\". Writing a decade later, another scholar noted, \"Harper Lee has a remarkable gift of story-telling. Her art is visual, and with cinematographic fluidity and subtlety we see a scene melting into another scene without jolts of transition.\" Lee combines the narrator's voice of a child observing her surroundings with a grown woman's reflecting on her childhood, using the ambiguity of this voice combined with the narrative technique of flashback to play intricately with perspectives. This narrative method allows Lee to tell a \"delightfully deceptive\" story that mixes the simplicity of childhood observation with adult situations complicated by hidden motivations and unquestioned tradition. However, at times the blending causes reviewers to question Scout's preternatural vocabulary and depth of understanding. Both Harding LeMay and the novelist and literary critic Granville Hicks expressed doubt that children as sheltered as Scout and Jem could understand the complexities and horrors involved in the trial for Tom Robinson's life."}], ["Apabila buku itu dibebaskan, pengulas menyatakan bahawa ia dibahagikan kepada dua bahagian, dan pendapat bercampur tentang kebolehan Lee untuk menyambungkannya. Bahagian pertama novel berkenaan dengan daya tarikan kanak-kanak dengan Boo Radley dan perasaan keselamatan dan keselesaan mereka di kawasan kejiranan. Pengulas pada umumnya terpesona oleh pemerhatian Scout dan Jem terhadap jiran-jirannya yang unik. Seorang penulis sangat kagum dengan penjelasan terperinci Lee tentang orang-orang Maycomb bahawa dia mengkategorikan buku itu sebagai wilayah regionalisme romantis Selatan. Sentimentalisme ini dapat dilihat dalam perwakilan Lee sistem kasta Selatan untuk menjelaskan hampir setiap tingkah laku watak dalam novel. Bacter's Scout's Alexandra menilai kesalahan dan kelebihan penduduk Maycomb untuk genealogi (keluarga yang mempunyai garis-garis perjudian dan jalur-jalur minum), dan narator itu menetapkan aksi dan watak-watak di tengah latar belakang yang terperinci mengenai sejarah keluarga Finch dan sejarah Maycomb. Tema serantau ini lebih terperinci dalam ketidakberdayaan Mayella Ewell untuk mengakui kemajuannya terhadap Tom Robinson, dan definisi Scout tentang \"orang-orang baik\" adalah orang yang akal yang melakukan yang terbaik dengan apa yang mereka ada. Selatan sendiri, dengan tradisi dan pantang larang, nampaknya memandu plot lebih daripada watak-watak. <> Selain menarik minat kanak-kanak dengan Boo, bahagian pertama buku itu bimbang tentang perasaan mereka untuk apa? || Kejiranan penjelasan terperinci mengenai tingkah laku watak-watak Lee menyebabkan seorang penulis menerbitkan buku itu sebagai apa? || Regionalisme romantis selatan <> Scout menonjolkan orang yang melakukan yang terbaik dengan apa yang mereka ada sebagai siapa? || orang yang baik <> Apa yang mendorong plot buku lebih daripada watak-watak? || Selatan itu sendiri", {"qas": [{"question": "Besides the children's fascination with Boo, the first part of the book was concerned about their feelings for what?", "id": "56d196b2e7d4791d00902067", "answers": [{"text": "the neighborhood", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Lee's detailed explanations of the characters' behaviors caused one writer to catagorize the book as what?", "id": "56d196b2e7d4791d00902068", "answers": [{"text": "Southern romantic regionalism", "answer_start": 489}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Scout defined people doing the best they could with what they had as who?", "id": "56d196b2e7d4791d00902069", "answers": [{"text": "fine folks", "answer_start": 1110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What drives the plot of the book more than the characters?", "id": "56d196b2e7d4791d0090206a", "answers": [{"text": "The South itself", "answer_start": 1197}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "When the book was released, reviewers noted that it was divided into two parts, and opinion was mixed about Lee's ability to connect them. The first part of the novel concerns the children's fascination with Boo Radley and their feelings of safety and comfort in the neighborhood. Reviewers were generally charmed by Scout and Jem's observations of their quirky neighbors. One writer was so impressed by Lee's detailed explanations of the people of Maycomb that he categorized the book as Southern romantic regionalism. This sentimentalism can be seen in Lee's representation of the Southern caste system to explain almost every character's behavior in the novel. Scout's Aunt Alexandra attributes Maycomb's inhabitants' faults and advantages to genealogy (families that have gambling streaks and drinking streaks), and the narrator sets the action and characters amid a finely detailed background of the Finch family history and the history of Maycomb. This regionalist theme is further reflected in Mayella Ewell's apparent powerlessness to admit her advances toward Tom Robinson, and Scout's definition of \"fine folks\" being people with good sense who do the best they can with what they have. The South itself, with its traditions and taboos, seems to drive the plot more than the characters."}], ["Mengikut artikel National Geographic, novel ini begitu dihormati di Monroeville yang orang mengutip garis-garis daripadanya seperti Kitab Suci; namun Harper Lee sendiri enggan menghadiri sebarang persembahan, kerana \"dia menyangkal apa-apa yang berdagang dengan kemasyhuran buku itu\". Untuk menekankan sentimen ini, Lee menuntut agar buku resipi bernama Calpurnia's Cookbook tidak boleh diterbitkan dan dijual daripada Monroe County Heritage Museum. David Lister di The Independent menyatakan bahawa keengganan Lee untuk bercakap dengan wartawan membuat mereka lebih berminat untuk membuat wawancara dengannya, dan kesunyiannya \"menjadikan Bob Dylan kelihatan seperti kelantangan media\". Walaupun kepincangannya, semakin ramai pelancong yang datang ke Monroeville destinasi, dengan harapan dapat melihat inspirasi Lee untuk buku itu, atau Lee sendiri. Penduduk setempat memanggil mereka \"kumpulan Mockingbird\", dan walaupun Lee tidak bersifat reclusive, dia enggan publisiti dan wawancara dengan \"Neraka, tidak!\" <> Bagaimana warganegara Monroeville mengutip garis buku? || seperti Kitab <> Apa yang penduduk bandar Monroeville memanggil pelancong ke bandar mereka? || Kumpulan kumpulan Mockingbird", {"qas": [{"question": "How do the citizens of Monroeville quote lines of the book?", "id": "56d3f1872ccc5a1400d82f75", "answers": [{"text": "like Scripture", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do the Monroeville townspeople call tourists to their town?", "id": "56d3f1872ccc5a1400d82f77", "answers": [{"text": "Mockingbird groupies", "answer_start": 779}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to a National Geographic article, the novel is so revered in Monroeville that people quote lines from it like Scripture; yet Harper Lee herself refused to attend any performances, because \"she abhors anything that trades on the book's fame\". To underscore this sentiment, Lee demanded that a book of recipes named Calpurnia's Cookbook not be published and sold out of the Monroe County Heritage Museum. David Lister in The Independent states that Lee's refusal to speak to reporters made them desire to interview her all the more, and her silence \"makes Bob Dylan look like a media tart\". Despite her discouragement, a rising number of tourists made to Monroeville a destination, hoping to see Lee's inspiration for the book, or Lee herself. Local residents call them \"Mockingbird groupies\", and although Lee was not reclusive, she refused publicity and interviews with an emphatic \"Hell, no!\""}], ["Diane McWhorter, ahli sejarah pemenang Hadiah Pulitzer dalam kempen hak-hak sivil Birmingham, menegaskan bahawa Membunuh seorang Mockingbird mengutuk perkauman dan bukan perkauman, dan menyatakan bahawa setiap kanak-kanak di Selatan mempunyai detik-detik ketidaksetiaan kognitif kaum ketika mereka menghadapi realitas keras ketidaksamaan. Perasaan ini menyebabkan mereka mempersoalkan kepercayaan yang mereka telah dibesarkan, yang bagi kebanyakan kanak-kanak adalah apa yang dilakukan oleh novel tersebut. McWhorter menulis Lee, \"untuk orang kulit putih dari Selatan untuk menulis sebuah buku seperti ini pada akhir 1950-an adalah benar-benar luar biasa-dengan kewujudannya suatu tindakan protes.\" [Note 4] Pengarang James McBride memanggil Lee cemerlang tetapi berhenti pendek memanggilnya berani: \"Saya fikir dengan memanggil Harper Lee berani anda membebaskan diri daripada perkauman anda sendiri ... Dia pastinya menetapkan piawai dari segi bagaimana isu-isu ini perlu dibincangkan, tetapi dalam banyak ... bar moral telah diturunkan dan itu benar-benar menyedihkan. Kami memerlukan seribu Atticus Finches. \" Walau bagaimanapun, McBride mempertahankan sentimeniti buku, dan cara Lee mendekati cerita dengan \"kejujuran dan integriti\". <> Menurut Diane McWhorter, setiap anak di Selatan terpaksa menghadapi apa? || realiti keras ketidaksamaan <> McWhorter menulis bahawa pendirian buku itu apa? || tindakan protes", {"qas": [{"question": "According to Diane McWhorter, every child in the South had to face what?", "id": "56d3e0852ccc5a1400d82f0f", "answers": [{"text": "the harsh reality of inequality", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "McWhorter wrote that the existance of the book was what?", "id": "56d3e0852ccc5a1400d82f10", "answers": [{"text": "an act of protest", "answer_start": 579}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Diane McWhorter, Pulitzer Prize-winning historian of the Birmingham civil rights campaign, asserts that To Kill a Mockingbird condemns racism instead of racists, and states that every child in the South has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when they are faced with the harsh reality of inequality. This feeling causes them to question the beliefs with which they have been raised, which for many children is what the novel does. McWhorter writes of Lee, \"for a white person from the South to write a book like this in the late 1950s is really unusual\u2014by its very existence an act of protest.\"[note 4] Author James McBride calls Lee brilliant but stops short of calling her brave: \"I think by calling Harper Lee brave you kind of absolve yourself of your own racism ... She certainly set the standards in terms of how these issues need to be discussed, but in many ways I feel ... the moral bar's been lowered. And that's really distressing. We need a thousand Atticus Finches.\" McBride, however, defends the book's sentimentality, and the way Lee approaches the story with \"honesty and integrity\"."}]], [["Tenaga solar adalah cahaya dan panas dari Matahari memanfaatkan pelbagai teknologi yang sentiasa berubah seperti pemanasan solar, fotovoltaik, tenaga haba solar, seni bina matahari dan fotosintesis buatan. <> Di manakah tenaga solar berasal? || Matahari <> Apa jenis tenaga yang terdiri daripada cahaya dan haba yang disediakan oleh Matahari? || Tenaga solar <> Teknologi apa yang digunakan untuk memanfaatkan tenaga solar dari matahari? || pemanasan solar, fotovoltaik, tenaga haba solar, seni bina matahari dan fotosintesis buatan <> Apakah tenaga solar? || cahaya berseri dan panas dari Matahari", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does solar energy come from?", "id": "56ce55feaab44d1400b886ce", "answers": [{"text": "the Sun", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of energy consists of the light and heat provided by the Sun?", "id": "56ce55feaab44d1400b886cf", "answers": [{"text": "Solar energy", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What technologies are used to harness solar energy from the sun?", "id": "56ce9034aab44d1400b8888f", "answers": [{"text": "solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is solar energy?", "id": "56ce9034aab44d1400b88890", "answers": [{"text": "radiant light and heat from the Sun", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis."}], ["Teknik solar yang aktif menggunakan fotovoltaik, tenaga solar pekat, pengumpul haba solar, pam, dan peminat untuk menukar cahaya matahari menjadi keluaran yang berguna. Teknik solar pasif termasuk memilih bahan dengan sifat terma yang menguntungkan, mereka bentuk ruang yang secara semula jadi mengedarkan udara, dan merujuk kedudukan bangunan ke Matahari. Teknologi solar aktif meningkatkan bekalan tenaga dan dianggap sebagai teknologi sampingan bekalan, manakala teknologi solar pasif mengurangkan keperluan untuk sumber alternatif dan umumnya dianggap teknologi sampingan permintaan. <> Adakah bekalan teknologi suria sampingan secara amnya aktif atau pasif? || Aktif <> Adakah teknologi suria permintaan secara amnya aktif atau pasif? || Pasif <> Apakah teknik solar yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan tenaga? || merancang ruang yang secara semula jadi mengedarkan udara <> Apakah teknik solar yang aktif lakukan? || Meningkatkan bekalan tenaga <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh teknik solar pasif? || mengurangkan keperluan untuk sumber alternatif", {"qas": [{"question": "Are supply side solar technologies generally active or passive?", "id": "56ce5d70aab44d1400b886f7", "answers": [{"text": "Active", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Are demand side solar technologies generally active or passive?", "id": "56ce5d70aab44d1400b886f8", "answers": [{"text": "Passive", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an active solar technique used to generate energy?", "id": "56cfdf65234ae51400d9bfce", "answers": [{"text": "designing spaces that naturally circulate air", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does an active solar technique do?", "id": "56cfdf65234ae51400d9bfcf", "answers": [{"text": "increase the supply of energy", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does a passive solar technique do?", "id": "56cfdf65234ae51400d9bfd0", "answers": [{"text": "reduce the need for alternate resources", "answer_start": 476}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Active solar techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referencing the position of a building to the Sun. Active solar technologies increase the supply of energy and are considered supply side technologies, while passive solar technologies reduce the need for alternate resources and are generally considered demand side technologies."}], ["Teknologi solar secara umum dicirikan sebagai pasif atau aktif bergantung kepada cara mereka menangkap, menukar dan mengedarkan cahaya matahari dan membolehkan tenaga suria diguna di pelbagai peringkat di seluruh dunia, kebanyakannya bergantung kepada jarak dari khatulistiwa. Walaupun tenaga suria merujuk terutamanya kepada penggunaan sinaran suria untuk hujung praktikal, semua tenaga boleh diperbaharui, selain daripada geotermal dan pasang surut, menghasilkan tenaga mereka dari Matahari secara langsung atau tidak langsung. <> Di mana majoriti tenaga boleh diperbaharui mendapat tenaga mereka? || Matahari <> Bagaimana teknologi solar ditakrifkan? || pasif atau aktif <> Apa salah satu cara yang mencirikan teknologi solar sebagai pasif atau aktif? || bergantung kepada cara mereka menangkap, menukarkan dan mengedarkan sinar matahari <> Yang tenaga boleh diperbaharui yang tidak memperoleh tenaga mereka dari matahari? || geothermal dan pasang surut <> Bagaimana tenaga boleh diperbaharui memperoleh tenaga dari matahari? || langsung atau tidak langsung", {"qas": [{"question": "Where do the majority of renewable energies derive their energy from?", "id": "56ce5ce6aab44d1400b886f5", "answers": [{"text": "the Sun", "answer_start": 436}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are solar technologies defined?", "id": "56cfc773234ae51400d9bf53", "answers": [{"text": "passive or active", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one way that characterizes solar technologies as passive or active?", "id": "56cfc773234ae51400d9bf54", "answers": [{"text": "depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which renewable energies do not acquire their energy from the sun?", "id": "56cfc773234ae51400d9bf55", "answers": [{"text": "geothermal and tidal", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do renewable energies acquire energy from the sun?", "id": "56cfc773234ae51400d9bf56", "answers": [{"text": "direct or indirect", "answer_start": 449}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical ends, all renewable energies, other than geothermal and tidal, derive their energy from the Sun in a direct or indirect way."}], ["Sistem air panas solar menggunakan cahaya matahari untuk memanaskan air. Dalam garis lintang geografi rendah (di bawah 40 darjah) dari 60 hingga 70% penggunaan air panas domestik dengan suhu sehingga 60 \u00b0 C boleh disediakan oleh sistem pemanasan solar. Jenis-jenis pemanas air suria yang paling biasa dialihkan pengumpul tiub (44%) dan pengumpul plat rata yang berkilat (34%) yang biasanya digunakan untuk air panas domestik; dan pengumpul plastik terkumpul (21%) yang digunakan terutamanya untuk memanaskan kolam renang. <> Menurut Shuman, sehingga peratusan air panas domestik boleh disediakan oleh sistem pemanasan solar? || 70 <> Apakah sistem solar panas menggunakan air panas? || cahaya matahari <> Berapa banyak air panas yang boleh dihasilkan oleh sistem pemanasan solar di latitud geografi yang rendah? || 60 hingga 70% air panas domestik <> Apakah jenis pemanas air suria yang biasa? || memindahkan pengumpul tiub <> Apakah jenis pemanas air solar digunakan untuk memanaskan kolam? || pengumpul plastik tak terkalahkan", {"qas": [{"question": "According to Shuman, up to what percentage of domestic hot water can be  provided by solar heating systems?", "id": "56ce5e92aab44d1400b88709", "answers": [{"text": "70", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do Solar hot water systems use to heat water?", "id": "56cfe96c234ae51400d9c091", "answers": [{"text": "sunlight", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much hot water can be produced by solar heating systems in low geographical latitudes?", "id": "56cfe96c234ae51400d9c092", "answers": [{"text": "60 to 70% of the domestic hot water", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a common type of solar water heater?", "id": "56cfe96c234ae51400d9c093", "answers": [{"text": "evacuated tube collectors", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of solar water heater is used to heat pools?", "id": "56cfe96c234ae51400d9c094", "answers": [{"text": "unglazed plastic collectors", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 \u00b0C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate collectors (34%) generally used for domestic hot water; and unglazed plastic collectors (21%) used mainly to heat swimming pools."}], ["Sehingga tahun 2007, jumlah kapasiti dipasang sistem air panas suria adalah lebih kurang 154 gigawatt haba (GWth). China adalah pemimpin dunia dalam penggunaan mereka dengan 70 GWth dipasang pada tahun 2006 dan matlamat jangka panjang 210 GWth menjelang 2020. Israel dan Cyprus adalah pemimpin per kapita dalam penggunaan sistem air panas suria dengan lebih dari 90% rumah menggunakan mereka. Di Amerika Syarikat, Kanada dan Australia kolam renang pemanasan adalah aplikasi dominan air panas suria dengan kapasiti terpasang 18 GWth pada tahun 2005. <> Berapa jumlah kapasiti sistem air panas suria pada tahun 2007 dalam gigawatt? || 154 <> Lebih daripada 90% rumah menggunakan sistem air panas matahari di mana dua negara? || Israel dan Cyprus <> Apakah kapasiti sistem air panas suria? || kira-kira 154 haba gigawat <> Negara mana yang menjadi peneraju dalam pelaksanaan sistem air panas yang dikuasakan solar? || China <> Berapa peratus isi rumah menggunakan sistem air panas suria di Israel dan Cyprus? || Lebih dari 90% <> Di negara-negara mana yang digunakan untuk air panas suria yang digunakan terutamanya untuk w = kolam renang? || Amerika Syarikat, Kanada dan Australia", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the total capacity of solar hot water systems in 2007 in gigawatts?", "id": "56ce5f4aaab44d1400b8870b", "answers": [{"text": "154", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Over 90% of homes use solar hot water systems in which two countries?", "id": "56ce5f4aaab44d1400b8870c", "answers": [{"text": "Israel and Cyprus", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the capacity of a solar hot water system?", "id": "56cfea9a234ae51400d9c0ab", "answers": [{"text": "approximately 154 thermal gigawatt", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country is the leader in the implementation of solar powered hot water systems?", "id": "56cfea9a234ae51400d9c0ac", "answers": [{"text": "China", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of households use solar hot water systems in Israel and Cyprus?", "id": "56cfea9a234ae51400d9c0ad", "answers": [{"text": "over 90%", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what countries is the use to solar hot water used mainly for w=swimming pools?", "id": "56cfea9a234ae51400d9c0ae", "answers": [{"text": "United States, Canada and Australia", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As of 2007, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth). China is the world leader in their deployment with 70 GWth installed as of 2006 and a long-term goal of 210 GWth by 2020. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems with over 90% of homes using them. In the United States, Canada and Australia heating swimming pools is the dominant application of solar hot water with an installed capacity of 18 GWth as of 2005."}], ["Jumlah tenaga suria yang diserap oleh atmosfer bumi, lautan dan tanah darat adalah sekitar 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) setahun. Pada tahun 2002, ini lebih banyak tenaga dalam satu jam daripada dunia yang digunakan dalam satu tahun. Fotosintesis menangkap kira-kira 3,000 EJ setahun dalam biomas. Jumlah tenaga solar yang menjangkau permukaan bumi sangat besar sehingga dalam satu tahun, ia akan menjadi dua kali lebih banyak daripada yang akan diperolehi dari semua sumber bumi yang tidak boleh diperbaharui dari arang batu, minyak, gas asli, dan gabungan uranium , <> Setiap tahun Bumi menyerap berapa banyak tenaga solar dalam exajoules? || 3,850,000 <> Pada tahun 2002, Matahari memberikan lebih banyak tenaga dalam satu jam daripada manusia yang digunakan dalam jangka waktu apa? || satu tahun <> Berapa banyak tenaga dalam exajoules yang menangkap fotosintesis setiap tahun? || 3,000 <> Dua kali ganda jumlah tenaga yang dapat diperolehi oleh semua sumber yang tidak boleh diperbaharui di Bumi boleh disediakan oleh Matahari dalam jangka waktu apa? || satu tahun <> Berapakah jumlah tenaga solar yang diserap oleh bumi? || kira-kira 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) setahun <> Berapa banyak tenaga solar yang ditangkap oleh fotosintesis? || kira-kira 3,000 EJ setahun <> Jumlah tenaga solar setahun adalah dua kali lebih banyak daripada tenaga yang akan dihasilkan daripada apa sumbernya? || arang batu, minyak, gas asli, dan uranium ditambang", {"qas": [{"question": "Each year the Earth absorbs how much solar energy in exajoules?", "id": "56ce5b66aab44d1400b886e8", "answers": [{"text": "3,850,000", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2002, the Sun provided more energy in one hour than humans used in what span of time?", "id": "56ce5b66aab44d1400b886e9", "answers": [{"text": "one year", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much energy in exajoules does photosynthesis capture each year?", "id": "56ce5b66aab44d1400b886ea", "answers": [{"text": "3,000", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Twice the amount of energy obtainable by all the non-renewable sources  on Earth can be provided by the Sun in what span of time?", "id": "56ce5b66aab44d1400b886eb", "answers": [{"text": "one year", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the amount of solar energy absorbed by the earth?", "id": "56cfb9bf234ae51400d9bf07", "answers": [{"text": "approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much solar energy is captured by photosynthesis?", "id": "56cfb9bf234ae51400d9bf08", "answers": [{"text": "approximately 3,000 EJ per year", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The amount of solar energy per year is twice as much as the energy that will ever be produced from what resources?", "id": "56cfb9bf234ae51400d9bf09", "answers": [{"text": "coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined", "answer_start": 465}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is so vast that in one year it is about twice as much as will ever be obtained from all of the Earth's non-renewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined,"}], ["Shuman membina stesen janakuasa terma solar pertama di dunia di Maadi, Mesir, antara tahun 1912 dan 1913. Tanaman Shuman menggunakan palung parabola untuk menggerakkan enjin 45-52 kilowatt (60-70 hp) yang mengepam lebih daripada 22,000 liter (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) air seminit dari Sungai Nil ke padang kapas bersebelahan. Walaupun pecahnya Perang Dunia I dan penemuan minyak murah pada tahun 1930-an tidak menggalakkan kemajuan tenaga solar, visi Shuman dan reka bentuk asas telah dibangkitkan pada tahun 1970-an dengan gelombang baru minat dalam tenaga terma solar. Pada tahun 1916 Shuman dipetik dalam media yang menyokong penggunaan tenaga solar, berkata: <> Di mana Shuman membina stesen janakuasa terma solar pertama di dunia? || Maadi, Mesir <> Berapa banyak liter air seminitkah pam enjin Shuman dalam liter? || 22,000 <> Dalam sedekad apa idea Shuman tentang tenaga suria dihidupkan semula? || tahun 1970 <> Di manakah pembangkit kuasa haba solar pertama dibina? || Maadi, Mesir <> Apa yang digunakan untuk menggerakkan enjin tumbuhan? || Palung parabolic <> Dari apa yang dilakukan sungai pam mesin? || Sungai Nil <> Apa yang memperlambat pertumbuhan tenaga suria? || pecahnya Perang Dunia I dan penemuan minyak murah <> Bilakah minat dalam tenaga solar dipulihkan? || tahun 1970-an", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did Shuman build the world's first solar thermal power station?", "id": "56ce5e5baab44d1400b88703", "answers": [{"text": "Maadi, Egypt", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many liters of water per minute did Shuman's engine pump in litres?", "id": "56ce5e5baab44d1400b88704", "answers": [{"text": "22,000", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what decade were Shuman's ideas about solar energy revived?", "id": "56ce5e5baab44d1400b88705", "answers": [{"text": "the 1970s", "answer_start": 494}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the first solar thermal power plant built?", "id": "56cfe88d234ae51400d9c073", "answers": [{"text": "Maadi, Egypt", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was used to power the plants engine?", "id": "56cfe88d234ae51400d9c074", "answers": [{"text": "parabolic troughs", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what river did the engine pump water?", "id": "56cfe88d234ae51400d9c075", "answers": [{"text": "Nile River", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What slowed down the growth of solar energy?", "id": "56cfe88d234ae51400d9c076", "answers": [{"text": "the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the interest in solar energy restored?", "id": "56cfe88d234ae51400d9c077", "answers": [{"text": "the 1970s", "answer_start": 494}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Shuman built the world\u2019s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman\u2019s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45\u201352 kilowatts (60\u201370 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields. Although the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil in the 1930s discouraged the advancement of solar energy, Shuman\u2019s vision and basic design were resurrected in the 1970s with a new wave of interest in solar thermal energy. In 1916 Shuman was quoted in the media advocating solar energy's utilization, saying:"}], ["Pada tahun 1897, Frank Shuman, seorang pereka AS, jurutera dan perintis tenaga suria, telah membina sebuah enjin solar demonstrasi kecil yang bekerja dengan mencerminkan tenaga solar ke kotak-kotak persegi yang penuh dengan eter, yang mempunyai titik mendidih yang lebih rendah daripada air, dan dipasang secara dalaman dengan paip hitam yang kemudiannya berkuasa enjin stim. Pada tahun 1908 Shuman membentuk Syarikat Tenaga Matahari dengan niat membina loji janakuasa suria yang lebih besar. Beliau, bersama penasihat teknikalnya A.S.E. Ackermann dan ahli fizik British Sir Charles Vernon Boys, membangunkan sistem yang lebih baik menggunakan cermin untuk mencerminkan tenaga solar apabila kotak pemungut, meningkatkan kapasiti pemanasan setakat mana air kini boleh digunakan dan bukannya eter. Shuman kemudiannya membina sebuah enjin wap berskala penuh yang dikuasakan oleh air bertekanan rendah, membolehkannya paten seluruh sistem enjin solar pada tahun 1912. <> Apa nama pencipta yang membina sebuah enjin solar pada tahun 1897? || Frank Shuman <> Pada tahun berapa syarikat Sun Power dibentuk? || 1908 <> Shuman dipatenkan sistem enjin solarnya dalam tahun berapa? || 1912 <> Siapa Frank Shuman? || pencipta, jurutera dan perintis tenaga suria A> Tahun berapakah enjin solar membina enjin solarnya? || 1897 <> Apakah enjin solar digunakan untuk kuasa? || enjin stim <> Dalam tahun berapa syarikat Sun Power ditubuhkan? || 1908 <> Pada tahun apakah Frank Shuman paten enjin solarnya? || 1912", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the inventor who built a solar engine in 1897?", "id": "56ce5df9aab44d1400b886fd", "answers": [{"text": "Frank Shuman", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the Sun Power Company formed?", "id": "56ce5df9aab44d1400b886fe", "answers": [{"text": "1908", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Shuman patented his solar engine system in what year?", "id": "56ce5df9aab44d1400b886ff", "answers": [{"text": "1912", "answer_start": 833}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is Frank Shuman?", "id": "56cfe67b234ae51400d9c031", "answers": [{"text": "a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did solar engine build his solar engine?", "id": "56cfe67b234ae51400d9c032", "answers": [{"text": "1897", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the solar engine used to power?", "id": "56cfe67b234ae51400d9c033", "answers": [{"text": "steam engine", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the Sun Power Company established?", "id": "56cfe67b234ae51400d9c034", "answers": [{"text": "1908", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Frank Shuman patent his solar engine?", "id": "56cfe67b234ae51400d9c035", "answers": [{"text": "1912", "answer_start": 833}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam engine. In 1908 Shuman formed the Sun Power Company with the intent of building larger solar power plants. He, along with his technical advisor A.S.E. Ackermann and British physicist Sir Charles Vernon Boys, developed an improved system using mirrors to reflect solar energy upon collector boxes, increasing heating capacity to the extent that water could now be used instead of ether. Shuman then constructed a full-scale steam engine powered by low-pressure water, enabling him to patent the entire solar engine system by 1912."}], ["Bumi menerima 174,000 terawatts (TW) radiasi suria masuk (insolation) di atmosfera atas. Kira-kira 30% dipantulkan semula ke ruang angkasa sementara selebihnya diserap oleh awan, lautan dan tanah. Spektrum cahaya matahari di permukaan bumi kebanyakannya tersebar merentasi julat yang boleh dilihat dan dekat-inframerah dengan bahagian kecil dalam hampir ultraviolet. Kebanyakan orang di seluruh dunia tinggal di kawasan dengan tahap insolasi 150 hingga 300 watt per meter persegi atau 3.5 hingga 7.0 kWh / m2 sehari. <> Berapa banyak terawatta sinaran matahari yang menerima Bumi? || 174,000 <> Berapakah peratusan radiasi matahari yang dipantulkan oleh atmosfera? || 30% <> Kawasan yang dimiliki orang biasanya menerima apa julat kWh / m2 sehari? || 3.5 hingga 7.0 <> Berapa banyak radiasi radiasi yang diterima bumi? || 174,000 <> Berapa banyak sinaran suria tercermin kembali ke ruang angkasa? || Kira-kira 30% <> Apakah tahap insolasi kawasan yang paling banyak penduduk? || 150 hingga 300 watt per meter persegi atau 3.5 hingga 7.0 kWh / m2 sehari <> Di mana sinaran suria tidak dapat dilihat kembali ke ruang yang diserap? || awan, lautan dan kawasan tanah", {"qas": [{"question": "How many terawatts of solar radiation does the Earth receive?", "id": "56ce59c8aab44d1400b886dc", "answers": [{"text": "174,000", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of solar radiation is reflected back by the atmosphere?", "id": "56ce59c8aab44d1400b886dd", "answers": [{"text": "30%", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The areas that people live in typically receive what range of kWh/m2 per day?", "id": "56ce59c8aab44d1400b886de", "answers": [{"text": "3.5 to 7.0", "answer_start": 476}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many terrawatts of radiation does the earth receive?", "id": "56cfb6bb234ae51400d9becf", "answers": [{"text": "174,000", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of the solar radiation is reflected back into space?", "id": "56cfb6bb234ae51400d9bed0", "answers": [{"text": "Approximately 30%", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the insolation levels of most populated areas?", "id": "56cfb6bb234ae51400d9bed1", "answers": [{"text": "150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day", "answer_start": 439}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the solar radiation not reflected back to space absorbed?", "id": "56cfb6bb234ae51400d9bed2", "answers": [{"text": "clouds, oceans and land masses", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet. Most people around the world live in areas with insolation levels of 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day."}], ["Sinaran suria diserap oleh permukaan bumi, lautan - yang meliputi kira-kira 71% dari dunia - dan atmosfera. Udara hangat yang mengandungi air yang menguap dari lautan naik, menyebabkan peredaran atmosfera atau perolakan. Apabila udara mencapai ketinggian yang tinggi, di mana suhu rendah, wap air memasuki awan, yang hujan ke permukaan Bumi, menyelesaikan kitaran air. Haba laten pemeluwapan air menguatkan perolakan, menghasilkan fenomena atmosfera seperti angin, siklon dan anti-siklon. Cahaya matahari yang diserap oleh lautan dan jisim tanah mengekalkan permukaan pada suhu purata 14 \u00b0 C. Oleh fotosintesis tumbuhan hijau menukarkan tenaga solar ke dalam tenaga yang disimpan secara kimia, yang menghasilkan makanan, kayu dan biomassa dari mana bahan api fosil diperolehi. <> Lautan bumi meliputi peratusan dunia? || 71 <> Apakah suhu purata permukaan Bumi dalam Celsius? || 14 <> Apakah proses di mana tumbuh-tumbuhan hijau menukar tenaga matahari kepada tenaga yang tersimpan? || fotosintesis <> Seberapa banyak bumi dilindungi oleh lautan? || kira-kira 71% <> Apakah punca peredaran atmosfera? || Udara hangat yang mengandungi air yang menguap dari lautan naik <> Bagaimana wap air yang naik di udara panas menjadi awan? || Apabila udara mencapai ketinggian yang tinggi, di mana suhu adalah rendah, wap air memasuki awan <> Apa yang menimbulkan angin, siklon dan anti-siklon? || Haba pendam pemeluwapan air menguatkan perolakan <> Apakah proses di mana tumbuh-tumbuhan menukar tenaga suria ke dalam tenaga tersimpan yang dipanggil? || fotosintesis", {"qas": [{"question": "The Earth's oceans cover what percentage of the globe?", "id": "56ce5a8faab44d1400b886e2", "answers": [{"text": "71", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average temperature of the Earth's surface in Celsius?", "id": "56ce5a8faab44d1400b886e3", "answers": [{"text": "14", "answer_start": 623}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the process by which green plants convert solar energy to stored energy?", "id": "56ce5a8faab44d1400b886e4", "answers": [{"text": "photosynthesis", "answer_start": 633}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of the earth is covered by oceans?", "id": "56cfb8ea234ae51400d9bef5", "answers": [{"text": "about 71%", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the cause of atmospheric circulation?", "id": "56cfb8ea234ae51400d9bef6", "answers": [{"text": "Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does the water vapor that rises in warm air turn into clouds?", "id": "56cfb8ea234ae51400d9bef7", "answers": [{"text": "When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What creates wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones?", "id": "56cfb8ea234ae51400d9bef8", "answers": [{"text": "The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection", "answer_start": 394}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the process in which plants convert solar energy into stored energy called?", "id": "56cfb8ea234ae51400d9bef9", "answers": [{"text": "photosynthesis", "answer_start": 633}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans \u2013 which cover about 71% of the globe \u2013 and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds, which rain onto the Earth's surface, completing the water cycle. The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection, producing atmospheric phenomena such as wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones. Sunlight absorbed by the oceans and land masses keeps the surface at an average temperature of 14 \u00b0C. By photosynthesis green plants convert solar energy into chemically stored energy, which produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are derived."}], ["Kuasa solar dijangkakan akan menjadi sumber elektrik terbesar di dunia menjelang 2050, dengan fotovoltaik solar dan tenaga solar terkumpul menyumbang 16 dan 11 peratus kepada penggunaan keseluruhan global. <> Dengan tahun berapa tenaga solar dijangka menjadi sumber elektrik terbesar di dunia? || 2050 <> Bilakah kuasa solar dijangka menjadi sumber elektrik terbesar? || 2050", {"qas": [{"question": "By what year is solar power expected to become the world's greatest source of electricity?", "id": "56ce6629aab44d1400b8874d", "answers": [{"text": "2050", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When is solar power is foreseen to become the largest source of electricity?", "id": "56d00697234ae51400d9c297", "answers": [{"text": "2050", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Solar power is anticipated to become the world's largest source of electricity by 2050, with solar photovoltaics and concentrated solar power contributing 16 and 11 percent to the global overall consumption, respectively."}], ["Tenaga solar boleh digunakan di kolam penstabilan air untuk merawat air sisa tanpa bahan kimia atau elektrik. Kelebihan alam sekitar selanjutnya ialah alga tumbuh di kolam seperti itu dan mengambil karbon dioksida dalam fotosintesis, walaupun alga boleh menghasilkan bahan kimia toksik yang menjadikan air tidak dapat digunakan. <> Apakah kesan negatif alga di kolam penstabilan air? || bahan kimia toksik <> Atas sebab apa yang akan tenaga solar digunakan di kolam penstabilan air? || untuk merawat air sisa tanpa bahan kimia atau elektrik <> Apakah sebabnya mengapa air dari kolam penstabilan air tidak dapat digunakan? || alga boleh menghasilkan bahan kimia toksik", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a possible negative effect of algae in water stabilization ponds?", "id": "56ce659aaab44d1400b88749", "answers": [{"text": "toxic chemicals", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what reason would solar energy be used in a water stabilisation pond?", "id": "56d0051e234ae51400d9c26f", "answers": [{"text": "to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a reason why the water from a water stabilisation pond may be unusable?", "id": "56d0051e234ae51400d9c270", "answers": [{"text": "algae may produce toxic chemicals", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Solar energy may be used in a water stabilisation pond to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity. A further environmental advantage is that algae grow in such ponds and consume carbon dioxide in photosynthesis, although algae may produce toxic chemicals that make the water unusable."}], ["Cerobong suria (atau cerobong terma, dalam konteks ini) adalah sistem pengudaraan solar pasif yang terdiri daripada sebuah batang menegak yang menghubungkan bahagian dalam dan luar bangunan. Apabila cerobong itu menghangatkan, udara di dalamnya dipanaskan menyebabkan kemasan yang menarik udara melalui bangunan. Prestasi boleh diperbaiki dengan menggunakan kaca dan bahan jisim terma dengan cara yang menyerupai rumah hijau. <> Sistem apa jenis cerobong solar? || pengudaraan solar pasif <> Apakah cerobong suria? || sistem pengudaraan solar pasif <> Apakah cerobong suria yang terbuat dari? || aci menegak yang menghubungkan bahagian dalam dan luar bangunan <> Bagaimana prestasi cerobong solar dapat diperbaiki? || dengan menggunakan kaca dan bahan jisim terma dengan cara yang meniru rumah hijau", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of system is a solar chimney?", "id": "56ce602faab44d1400b88713", "answers": [{"text": "passive solar ventilation", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a solar chimney?", "id": "56cff05a234ae51400d9c11d", "answers": [{"text": "a passive solar ventilation system", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a solar chimney made of?", "id": "56cff05a234ae51400d9c11e", "answers": [{"text": "a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How can the performance of a solar chimney be improved?", "id": "56cff05a234ae51400d9c11f", "answers": [{"text": "by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building. As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building. Performance can be improved by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses."}], ["Di Amerika Syarikat, sistem pemanasan, pengudaraan dan penghawa dingin (HVAC) menyumbang 30% (4.65 EJ / tahun) tenaga yang digunakan dalam bangunan komersial dan hampir 50% (10.1 EJ / tahun) tenaga yang digunakan di bangunan kediaman. Pemanasan solar, teknologi penyejukan dan pengudaraan boleh digunakan untuk mengimbangi sebahagian tenaga ini. <> Berapakah peratusan tenaga dalam bangunan komersial yang berasal dari sistem HVAC? || 50 <> Berapa banyak tenaga yang digunakan oleh sistem HVAC di lokasi komersial? || 30% (4.65 EJ / tahun) <> Berapa banyak tenaga yang digunakan oleh sistem HVAC di lokasi kediaman? || 50% (10.1 EJ / tahun) <> Apa yang boleh digunakan untuk mengimbangi sebahagian daripada tenaga yang digunakan oleh sistem HVAC? || Pemanasan solar, teknologi penyejukan dan pengudaraan", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of energy in commercial buildings comes from HVAC systems?", "id": "56ce5f72aab44d1400b8870f", "answers": [{"text": "50", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much energy does an HVAC system use in commercial locations?", "id": "56cfebbd234ae51400d9c0c7", "answers": [{"text": "30% (4.65 EJ/yr)", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much energy does an HVAC system use in residential locations?", "id": "56cfebbd234ae51400d9c0c8", "answers": [{"text": "50% (10.1 EJ/yr)", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can be used to balance out a portion of the energy used by HVAC systems?", "id": "56cfebbd234ae51400d9c0c9", "answers": [{"text": "Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the United States, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50% (10.1 EJ/yr) of the energy used in residential buildings. Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a portion of this energy."}], ["Pembasmian kuman air solar (SODIS) melibatkan mendedahkan botol polietilena terephthalate plastik (PET) yang dipenuhi air untuk cahaya matahari selama beberapa jam. Waktu pendedahan berbeza-beza bergantung kepada cuaca dan iklim dari minimum enam jam hingga dua hari semasa keadaan mendung. Ia disyorkan oleh Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia sebagai kaedah yang sesuai untuk rawatan air isi rumah dan simpanan yang selamat. Lebih dua juta orang di negara membangun menggunakan kaedah ini untuk air minuman harian mereka. <> Pembasmian air solar disyorkan oleh organisasi mana? || Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia <> Berapa lama sekiranya botol plastik yang dipenuhi dengan air terdedah kepada cahaya matahari semasa disinfeksi air Solar? || sekurang-kurangnya enam jam hingga dua hari semasa keadaan mendung sepenuhnya <> Apa Organisasi Kesihatan Dunia mengatakan mengenai pembasmian kuman air solar? || kaedah yang sesuai untuk rawatan air isi rumah dan simpanan yang selamat <> Berapa banyak orang menggunakan pembasmian kuman air Suria untuk membasmi air minuman mereka? || Lebih dua juta orang di negara-negara membangun", {"qas": [{"question": "Solar water disinfection is recommended by which organization?", "id": "56ce64a8aab44d1400b88745", "answers": [{"text": "the World Health Organization", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long should the plastic bottles filled with water be exposed to sunlight during Solar water disinfection?", "id": "56d004ab234ae51400d9c25f", "answers": [{"text": "a minimum of six hours to two days during fully overcast conditions", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the World Health Organization say about Solar water disinfection?", "id": "56d004ab234ae51400d9c260", "answers": [{"text": "a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people use Solar water disinfection to disinfect their drinking water?", "id": "56d004ab234ae51400d9c261", "answers": [{"text": "Over two million people in developing countries", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Solar water disinfection (SODIS) involves exposing water-filled plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles to sunlight for several hours. Exposure times vary depending on weather and climate from a minimum of six hours to two days during fully overcast conditions. It is recommended by the World Health Organization as a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage. Over two million people in developing countries use this method for their daily drinking water."}], ["Jisim termal adalah sebarang bahan yang boleh digunakan untuk menyimpan haba panas dari Matahari dalam keadaan tenaga solar. Bahan jisim terma biasa termasuk batu, simen dan air. Dari segi sejarah, mereka telah digunakan di kawasan-kawasan yang gersang atau kawasan sederhana yang panas untuk memastikan bangunan-bangunan menjadi sejuk dengan menyerap tenaga suria pada siang hari dan memancarkan haba yang disimpan untuk suasana sejuk pada waktu malam. Bagaimanapun, mereka boleh digunakan di kawasan yang sejuk untuk mengekalkan kehangatan. Saiz dan penempatan jisim terma bergantung pada beberapa faktor seperti iklim, keadaan siang dan keadaan teduhan. Apabila diperbadankan dengan betul, massa termal mengekalkan suhu ruang dalam jarak yang selesa dan mengurangkan keperluan untuk pemanasan tambahan dan peralatan penyejukan. <> Bahan yang boleh digunakan untuk menyimpan haba dikenali sebagai jenis jisim? || Thermal <> Apa jisim termal? || apa-apa bahan yang boleh digunakan untuk menyimpan haba <> Apakah bahan jisim terma biasa? || batu, simen dan air <> Bagaimanakah jisim termal digunakan untuk menjaga bangunan sejuk? || dengan menyerap tenaga solar pada siang hari dan memancarkan haba yang disimpan untuk suasana sejuk di malam <> Apakah sesuatu yang menentukan saiz jisim terma? || iklim <> Apakah jisim termal mengurangkan keperluan? || peralatan pemanasan dan penyejukan tambahan", {"qas": [{"question": "Materials that can be used to store heat are known as what kind of mass?", "id": "56ce5ff2aab44d1400b88711", "answers": [{"text": "Thermal", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is thermal mass?", "id": "56cfee97234ae51400d9c103", "answers": [{"text": "any material that can be used to store heat", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are typical thermal mass material?", "id": "56cfee97234ae51400d9c104", "answers": [{"text": "stone, cement and water", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is thermal mass used to keep buildings cool?", "id": "56cfee97234ae51400d9c105", "answers": [{"text": "by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiating stored heat to the cooler atmosphere at night", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a something that determines the size of thermal mass?", "id": "56cfee97234ae51400d9c106", "answers": [{"text": "climates", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does thermal mass reduce the need for?", "id": "56cfee97234ae51400d9c107", "answers": [{"text": "auxiliary heating and cooling equipment", "answer_start": 685}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat\u2014heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiating stored heat to the cooler atmosphere at night. However, they can be used in cold temperate areas to maintain warmth as well. The size and placement of thermal mass depend on several factors such as climate, daylighting and shading conditions. When properly incorporated, thermal mass maintains space temperatures in a comfortable range and reduces the need for auxiliary heating and cooling equipment."}], ["Pokok dan tumbuhan yang gugur telah dipromosikan sebagai cara mengawal pemanasan dan pendinginan matahari. Apabila ditanam di bahagian selatan bangunan di hemisfera utara atau bahagian utara di hemisfera selatan, daun mereka memberikan naungan pada musim panas, manakala anggota kaki yang terdedah membolehkan cahaya untuk dilewati pada musim sejuk. Sejak tanam, pokok-pokok tanpa daun menenggelamkan 1/3 hingga 1/2 kejadian sinaran matahari, terdapat keseimbangan antara manfaat musim panas dan musim panas yang sama kehilangan pemanasan musim sejuk. Di dalam iklim dengan beban pemanasan yang ketara, pokok-pokok gugur tidak boleh ditanam di sebelah bangunan Khatulistiwa kerana mereka akan mengganggu ketersediaan solar musim sejuk. Walau bagaimanapun, mereka boleh digunakan di sebelah timur dan barat untuk menyediakan satu tahap teduhan musim panas tanpa menjejaskan keuntungan solar musim sejuk. <> Penempatan pokok gugur di Equator menghadap ke sisi bangunan boleh memberi kesan negatif terhadap ketersediaan solar di mana musim? || musim sejuk <> Apakah sesuatu yang digunakan untuk mengawal pemanasan dan pendinginan matahari? || pokok dan tumbuh-tumbuhan <> Berapa banyak sinaran matahari disekat oleh pokok berharga? || 1/3 hingga 1/2 <> Mengapa pokok tidak ditanam di sebelah bangunan yang menghadap khatulistiwa? || mereka akan mengganggu ketersediaan suria musim sejuk <> Sebelah apa bangunan perlu pokok ditanam tanpa banyak memberi kesan kepada penambahan suria pada musim sejuk? || Timur dan Barat", {"qas": [{"question": "The placement of deciduous trees on the Equator facing side of a building can have a negative effect on solar availability in which season?", "id": "56ce60e4aab44d1400b88715", "answers": [{"text": "winter", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is something that is used to control solar heating and cooling?", "id": "56cff48f234ae51400d9c159", "answers": [{"text": "trees and plants", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much solar radiation is blocked by leafless trees?", "id": "56cff48f234ae51400d9c15a", "answers": [{"text": "1/3 to 1/2", "answer_start": 362}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why should trees not be planted on the side of a building facing the equator?", "id": "56cff48f234ae51400d9c15b", "answers": [{"text": "they will interfere with winter solar availability", "answer_start": 637}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What side of a building should trees be planted without greatly affecting solar gain in the winter?", "id": "56cff48f234ae51400d9c15c", "answers": [{"text": "east and west", "answer_start": 723}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the winter. Since bare, leafless trees shade 1/3 to 1/2 of incident solar radiation, there is a balance between the benefits of summer shading and the corresponding loss of winter heating. In climates with significant heating loads, deciduous trees should not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building because they will interfere with winter solar availability. They can, however, be used on the east and west sides to provide a degree of summer shading without appreciably affecting winter solar gain."}], ["Penyulingan solar boleh digunakan untuk membuat air garam atau payau boleh diminum. Contoh tercatat pertama ini adalah oleh alkimia Arab abad ke-16. Projek penyulingan solar skala besar pertama kali dibina pada tahun 1872 di bandar perlombongan Chile Las Salinas. Kilang itu, yang mempunyai kawasan kutipan suria seluas 4,700 m2 (51,000 kaki persegi), boleh menghasilkan sehingga 22,700 L (5,000 tan gal; 6,000 US gal) sehari dan beroperasi selama 40 tahun. Reka bentuk masih individu termasuk cerun tunggal, cerun ganda (atau jenis rumah hijau), menegak, koni, penyerap terbalik, multi-wick, dan pelbagai kesan. Ini masih boleh beroperasi dalam mod pasif, aktif, atau hibrid. Still-slope stills adalah yang paling menjimatkan untuk tujuan domestik yang terdesentralisasi, sementara pelbagai unit kesan aktif lebih sesuai untuk aplikasi berskala besar. <> Pada tahun apakah projek penyulingan solar besar yang dibina di Las Salinas? || 1872 <> Apa yang digunakan untuk membuat air garam atau air tawar boleh dimakan? || Penyulingan Matahari <> Dengan siapa rekod pertama penyulingan solar dilakukan oleh? || Alkimia Arab abad ke-16 <> Bilakah tumbuhan penyulingan solar pertama yang besar dicipta? || 1872 <> Berapa banyak air yang dihasilkan oleh tumbuhan? || 22,700 L (5,000 galeri; 6,000 galeri AS) sehari <> Apakah contoh reka bentuk penyulingan solar? || cerun tunggal", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was a large scale solar distillation project constructed in Las Salinas?", "id": "56ce6382aab44d1400b88732", "answers": [{"text": "1872", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is used to make saline or brackish water drinkable?", "id": "56d0007f234ae51400d9c243", "answers": [{"text": "Solar distillation", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By who was the first record of solar distillation done by?", "id": "56d0007f234ae51400d9c244", "answers": [{"text": "16th-century Arab alchemists", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the first large solar distillation plant created?", "id": "56d0007f234ae51400d9c245", "answers": [{"text": "1872", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much water was produced by the plant?", "id": "56d0007f234ae51400d9c246", "answers": [{"text": "22,700 L (5,000 imp gal; 6,000 US gal) per day", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of a solar distillation design?", "id": "56d0007f234ae51400d9c247", "answers": [{"text": "single-slope", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Solar distillation can be used to make saline or brackish water potable. The first recorded instance of this was by 16th-century Arab alchemists. A large-scale solar distillation project was first constructed in 1872 in the Chilean mining town of Las Salinas. The plant, which had solar collection area of 4,700 m2 (51,000 sq ft), could produce up to 22,700 L (5,000 imp gal; 6,000 US gal) per day and operate for 40 years. Individual still designs include single-slope, double-slope (or greenhouse type), vertical, conical, inverted absorber, multi-wick, and multiple effect. These stills can operate in passive, active, or hybrid modes. Double-slope stills are the most economical for decentralized domestic purposes, while active multiple effect units are more suitable for large-scale applications."}], ["Periuk solar menggunakan cahaya matahari untuk memasak, pengeringan dan pasteurisasi. Mereka boleh dikumpulkan ke dalam tiga kategori yang luas: periuk kotak, periuk panel dan periuk reflektor. Pemasak suria yang paling mudah adalah periuk peti yang pertama kali dibina oleh Horace de Saussure pada tahun 1767. Pemasak kotak asas terdiri daripada bekas terlindung dengan tudung telus. Ia boleh digunakan secara berkesan dengan langit mendung sebahagiannya dan biasanya akan mencapai suhu 90-150 \u00b0 C (194-302 \u00b0 F). Pemasak panel menggunakan panel reflektif untuk mengarahkan cahaya matahari ke dalam bekas terlindung dan mencapai suhu yang setanding dengan periuk kotak. Cooker reflektor menggunakan pelbagai geometri menumpukan (hidangan, palung, cermin Fresnel) untuk menumpukan cahaya pada bekas memasak. Periuk ini mencapai suhu 315 \u00b0 C (599 \u00b0 F) dan ke atas tetapi memerlukan cahaya langsung berfungsi dengan baik dan mesti disusun semula untuk mengesan Matahari. <> Horace de Saussure membina periuk kotak pertama pada tahun berapa? || 1767 <> Reflektor periuk boleh mencapai suhu dalam Celsius sehingga apa? || 315 <> Apakah pemasak solar digunakan untuk? || memasak, pengeringan dan pasteurisasi <> Apakah 3 kategori utama periuk suria? || kotak periuk, periuk panel dan periuk reflektor <> Siapa yang membuat periuk kotak? || Horace de Saussure <> Apakah julat suhu biasa untuk periuk peti? || 90-150 \u00b0 C (194-302 \u00b0 F) <> Apakah periuk reflektor perlu berfungsi? || cahaya langsung", {"qas": [{"question": "Horace de Saussure built the first box cooker in what year?", "id": "56ce61a4aab44d1400b88718", "answers": [{"text": "1767", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Reflector cookers can reach temperatures in Celsius of up to what?", "id": "56ce61a4aab44d1400b88719", "answers": [{"text": "315", "answer_start": 749}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are solar cookers used for?", "id": "56cff5ff234ae51400d9c175", "answers": [{"text": "cooking, drying and pasteurization", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the 3 main categories of solar cookers?", "id": "56cff5ff234ae51400d9c176", "answers": [{"text": "box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created the box cooker?", "id": "56cff5ff234ae51400d9c177", "answers": [{"text": "Horace de Saussure", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the typical temperature range for a box cooker?", "id": "56cff5ff234ae51400d9c178", "answers": [{"text": "90\u2013150 \u00b0C (194\u2013302 \u00b0F)", "answer_start": 429}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do reflector cookers require to function?", "id": "56cff5ff234ae51400d9c179", "answers": [{"text": "direct light", "answer_start": 787}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Solar cookers use sunlight for cooking, drying and pasteurization. They can be grouped into three broad categories: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers. The simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by Horace de Saussure in 1767. A basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a transparent lid. It can be used effectively with partially overcast skies and will typically reach temperatures of 90\u2013150 \u00b0C (194\u2013302 \u00b0F). Panel cookers use a reflective panel to direct sunlight onto an insulated container and reach temperatures comparable to box cookers. Reflector cookers use various concentrating geometries (dish, trough, Fresnel mirrors) to focus light on a cooking container. These cookers reach temperatures of 315 \u00b0C (599 \u00b0F) and above but require direct light to function properly and must be repositioned to track the Sun."}], ["Teknologi penumpuan suria seperti hidangan parabola, palung dan reflektor Scheffler boleh memberikan haba proses untuk aplikasi komersil dan perindustrian. Sistem komersil pertama adalah Projek Tenaga Tenaga Suria (STEP) di Shenandoah, Georgia, Amerika Syarikat di mana bidang 114 hidangan parabola menyediakan 50% proses pemanasan, penghawa dingin dan keperluan elektrik untuk kilang pakaian. Sistem kogenerasi grid yang disambungkan ini menyediakan 400 kW tenaga elektrik ditambah tenaga haba dalam bentuk 401 kW dan 468 kW air sejuk, dan mempunyai penyimpanan puncak beban selama satu jam. Kolam penyejatan adalah kolam cetek yang menumpukan pepejal terlarut melalui penyejatan. Penggunaan kolam penyejatan untuk mendapatkan garam dari air laut adalah salah satu aplikasi tertua tenaga solar. Kegunaan moden termasuk penyelesaian garam menumpukan yang digunakan dalam perlombongan pengairan dan menghilangkan pepejal terlarut dari aliran buangan. Barisan pakaian, pakaian pakaian, dan baju pakaian pakaian kering melalui penyejatan oleh angin dan cahaya matahari tanpa memakan elektrik atau gas. Di beberapa negeri perundangan Amerika Syarikat melindungi pakaian \"hak untuk kering\". Pengumpul yang terkeluar (UTC) adalah tembok menghadap matahari yang berlubang yang digunakan untuk mengasingkan udara pengudaraan. UTC boleh menaikkan suhu udara masuk sehingga 22 \u00b0 C (40 \u00b0 F) dan menyampaikan suhu keluar 45-60 \u00b0 C (113-140 \u00b0 F). Tempoh bayaran balik pendek pengumpul yang berlaku (3 hingga 12 tahun) menjadikan mereka alternatif yang lebih kos efektif daripada sistem pengumpulan berlapis. Sehingga tahun 2003, lebih daripada 80 sistem dengan gabungan kawasan pengumpul 35,000 meter persegi (380,000 kaki persegi) telah dipasang di seluruh dunia, termasuk pengumpul 860 m2 (9,300 kaki) di Costa Rica yang digunakan untuk mengeringkan biji kopi dan 1,300 m2 (14,000 pengapit persegi) di Coimbatore, India, digunakan untuk pengeringan marigolds. <> Projek Tenaga Semula Tenaga mempunyai bidang berapa banyak hidangan parabola? || 114 <> Adakah pemungut hutang yang berkapasiti lebih murah daripada sistem pengumpulan berlapis? || lebih banyak <> Apakah beberapa contoh teknologi tumpuan solar? || hidangan parabola, palung dan reflektor Scheffler <> Apakah sistem penumpuan solar komersial pertama? || Projek Tenaga Jumlah Tenaga Suria (LANGKAH) di Shenandoah, Georgia, AS <> Apakah salah satu penggunaan tenaga suria tertua? || penggunaan kolam penyejatan untuk mendapatkan garam dari air laut <> Apakah beberapa barang yang digunakan untuk mengeringkan pakaian tanpa menggunakan elektrik? || Barisan pakaian, baju pakaian, dan rak pakaian <> Apakah pengumpul yang terkeluar? || dinding berlubang matahari yang digunakan untuk memanaskan udara pengudaraan", {"qas": [{"question": "The Solar Total Energy Project had a field of how many parabolic dishes?", "id": "56ce6232aab44d1400b8871d", "answers": [{"text": "114", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Are transpired collectors more or less cost-effective than glazed collection systems?", "id": "56ce6232aab44d1400b8871e", "answers": [{"text": "more", "answer_start": 1444}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some examples of solar concentrating technologies?", "id": "56cff819234ae51400d9c1a9", "answers": [{"text": "parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first commercial solar concentrating system?", "id": "56cff819234ae51400d9c1aa", "answers": [{"text": "Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one of the oldest uses of solar energy?", "id": "56cff819234ae51400d9c1ab", "answers": [{"text": "use of evaporation ponds to obtain salt from sea water", "answer_start": 686}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some items used to dry clothes without the use of electricity?", "id": "56cff819234ae51400d9c1ac", "answers": [{"text": "Clothes lines, clotheshorses, and clothes racks", "answer_start": 913}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are Unglazed transpired collectors?", "id": "56cff819234ae51400d9c1ad", "answers": [{"text": "perforated sun-facing walls used for preheating ventilation air", "answer_start": 1178}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Solar concentrating technologies such as parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications. The first commercial system was the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA where a field of 114 parabolic dishes provided 50% of the process heating, air conditioning and electrical requirements for a clothing factory. This grid-connected cogeneration system provided 400 kW of electricity plus thermal energy in the form of 401 kW steam and 468 kW chilled water, and had a one-hour peak load thermal storage. Evaporation ponds are shallow pools that concentrate dissolved solids through evaporation. The use of evaporation ponds to obtain salt from sea water is one of the oldest applications of solar energy. Modern uses include concentrating brine solutions used in leach mining and removing dissolved solids from waste streams. Clothes lines, clotheshorses, and clothes racks dry clothes through evaporation by wind and sunlight without consuming electricity or gas. In some states of the United States legislation protects the \"right to dry\" clothes. Unglazed transpired collectors (UTC) are perforated sun-facing walls used for preheating ventilation air. UTCs can raise the incoming air temperature up to 22 \u00b0C (40 \u00b0F) and deliver outlet temperatures of 45\u201360 \u00b0C (113\u2013140 \u00b0F). The short payback period of transpired collectors (3 to 12 years) makes them a more cost-effective alternative than glazed collection systems. As of 2003, over 80 systems with a combined collector area of 35,000 square metres (380,000 sq ft) had been installed worldwide, including an 860 m2 (9,300 sq ft) collector in Costa Rica used for drying coffee beans and a 1,300 m2 (14,000 sq ft) collector in Coimbatore, India, used for drying marigolds."}], ["Pada tahun 1975, kapal solar praktikal pertama dibina di England. Menjelang tahun 1995, bot penumpang yang menggabungkan panel PV mula muncul dan kini digunakan secara meluas. Pada tahun 1996, Kenichi Horie membuat persilangan solar yang pertama di Lautan Pasifik, dan catamaran matahari 21 menjadikan lekapan solar yang pertama disalurkan di Lautan Atlantik pada musim sejuk tahun 2006-2007. Terdapat rancangan untuk mengelilingi dunia pada tahun 2010. <> Kapal suria praktikal pertama dibina pada tahun berapa? || 1975 <> Bilakah kapal pertama berkuasa solar dibuat? || 1975 <> Siapa yang pertama menyeberangi lautan Pasifik menggunakan bot berkuasa solar? || Kenichi Horie <> Apa nama perahu berkuasa solar pertama yang menyeberangi lautan Atlantik? || catamaran sun21", {"qas": [{"question": "The first practical solar boat was constructed in what year?", "id": "56ce75e2aab44d1400b887c7", "answers": [{"text": "1975", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the first solar powered boat made?", "id": "56d088be234ae51400d9c35a", "answers": [{"text": "1975", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who first crossed the Pacific ocean using a solar powered boat?", "id": "56d088be234ae51400d9c35b", "answers": [{"text": "Kenichi Horie", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the first solar powered boat that crossed the Atlantic ocean?", "id": "56d088be234ae51400d9c35c", "answers": [{"text": "the sun21 catamaran", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1975, the first practical solar boat was constructed in England. By 1995, passenger boats incorporating PV panels began appearing and are now used extensively. In 1996, Kenichi Horie made the first solar powered crossing of the Pacific Ocean, and the sun21 catamaran made the first solar powered crossing of the Atlantic Ocean in the winter of 2006\u20132007. There were plans to circumnavigate the globe in 2010."}], ["Rumah hijau menukarkan cahaya matahari kepada haba, membolehkan pengeluaran sepanjang tahun dan pertumbuhan (dalam persekitaran tertutup) tanaman khusus dan tanaman lain yang tidak semulajadi sesuai dengan iklim tempatan. Rumah hijau primitif pertama kali digunakan semasa zaman Rom untuk menghasilkan timun sepanjang tahun untuk kaisar Rom Tiberius. Rumah hijau moden pertama dibina di Eropah pada abad ke-16 untuk mengekalkan tumbuhan eksotik yang dibawa balik dari penjelajahan ke luar negara. Rumah hijau kekal sebagai bahagian penting dalam hortikultur pada hari ini, dan bahan-bahan telus plastik juga telah digunakan untuk kesan yang sama dalam polytunnels dan penutup baris. <> Bilakah rumah hijau pertama digunakan? || Masa Rom <<Dalam abad berapa rumah hijau moden yang dibina? || Ke-16 <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh rumah hijau dengan tenaga solar? || menukarkan cahaya matahari untuk memanaskan <> Apa gunanya rumah hijau? || membolehkan pengeluaran sepanjang tahun dan pertumbuhan (dalam persekitaran tertutup) tanaman khusus <> Apakah salah satu kegunaan pertama rumah hijau? || menghasilkan timun sepanjang tahun untuk kaisar Rom Tiberius <> Di mana rumah hijau moden pertama dibina? || Eropah", {"qas": [{"question": "When were the first greenhouses used?", "id": "56ce7376aab44d1400b887a7", "answers": [{"text": "Roman times", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century were the first modern greenhouses constructed?", "id": "56ce7376aab44d1400b887a8", "answers": [{"text": "the 16th", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do greenhouses do with solar energy?", "id": "56d0875b234ae51400d9c348", "answers": [{"text": "convert solar light to heat", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one purpose of a greenhouse?", "id": "56d0875b234ae51400d9c349", "answers": [{"text": "enabling year-round production and the growth (in enclosed environments) of specialty crops", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was one of the first uses of a greenhouse?", "id": "56d0875b234ae51400d9c34a", "answers": [{"text": "produce cucumbers year-round for the Roman emperor Tiberius", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the first modern greenhouses built?", "id": "56d0875b234ae51400d9c34b", "answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Greenhouses convert solar light to heat, enabling year-round production and the growth (in enclosed environments) of specialty crops and other plants not naturally suited to the local climate. Primitive greenhouses were first used during Roman times to produce cucumbers year-round for the Roman emperor Tiberius. The first modern greenhouses were built in Europe in the 16th century to keep exotic plants brought back from explorations abroad. Greenhouses remain an important part of horticulture today, and plastic transparent materials have also been used to similar effect in polytunnels and row covers."}], ["Berkonsentrasi Sistem Kuasa Suria (CSP) menggunakan kanta atau cermin dan sistem pengesanan untuk menumpukan kawasan besar cahaya matahari ke dalam rasuk kecil. Haba pekat kemudiannya digunakan sebagai sumber haba untuk loji janakuasa konvensional. Pelbagai teknologi penumpuan wujud; yang paling maju adalah palung parabola, pemutar fresnel linear yang menumpukan, hidangan Stirling dan menara kuasa solar. Pelbagai teknik digunakan untuk mengesan cahaya matahari dan tumpuan. Dalam semua sistem ini cecair kerja dipanaskan oleh cahaya matahari yang tertumpu, dan kemudian digunakan untuk penjanaan kuasa atau penyimpanan tenaga. <> Dalam semua sistem CSP yang berbeza, cahaya matahari tertumpu digunakan untuk memanaskan apa? || cecair kerja <> Apa yang dimaksud dengan menggunakan sistem Tenaga Suria Berkonsentrasi? || kanta atau cermin dan sistem penjejakan <> Apakah haba yang dihasilkan daripada sistem Tenaga Berpusat yang digunakan? || sumber haba untuk loji janakuasa konvensional <> Apakah salah satu teknologi Solar Concentrating yang paling maju? || hidangan Stirling <> Apakah teknologi berkonsentrasi Solar Power mempunyai kesamaan? || cecair kerja dipanaskan oleh cahaya matahari yang tertumpu", {"qas": [{"question": "In all the different CSP systems, concentrated sunlight is used to heat what?", "id": "56ce66e4aab44d1400b8875d", "answers": [{"text": "a working fluid", "answer_start": 491}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do Concentrating Solar Power systems use?", "id": "56d07c41234ae51400d9c31e", "answers": [{"text": "lenses or mirrors and tracking systems", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the heat generated from a Concentrating Solar Power system used for?", "id": "56d07c41234ae51400d9c31f", "answers": [{"text": "a heat source for a conventional power plant", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one of the most developed Concentrating Solar Power technologies?", "id": "56d07c41234ae51400d9c320", "answers": [{"text": "the Stirling dish", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do Concentrating Solar Power technologies have in common?", "id": "56d07c41234ae51400d9c321", "answers": [{"text": "a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight", "answer_start": 491}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant. A wide range of concentrating technologies exists; the most developed are the parabolic trough, the concentrating linear fresnel reflector, the Stirling dish and the solar power tower. Various techniques are used to track the Sun and focus light. In all of these systems a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight, and is then used for power generation or energy storage."}], ["Pulau panas bandar (UHI) adalah kawasan metropolitan dengan suhu yang lebih tinggi daripada persekitaran sekitar. Suhu yang lebih tinggi adalah hasil peningkatan penyerapan cahaya Suria oleh bahan bandar seperti asfalt dan konkrit, yang mempunyai albedos yang lebih rendah dan kapasiti haba yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan alam semula jadi. Kaedah mudah menentang kesan UHI adalah untuk cat bangunan dan jalan putih dan menanam pokok. Dengan menggunakan kaedah ini, program \"komuniti sejuk\" hipotesis di Los Angeles telah memproyeksikan bahawa suhu bandar dapat dikurangkan dengan kira-kira 3 \u00b0 C dengan anggaran kos US $ 1 bilion, memberikan anggaran jumlah manfaat tahunan sebanyak US $ 530 juta dari pengkondisian yang dikurangkan kos dan penjimatan penjagaan kesihatan. <> UHI adalah singkatan dari apa? || Pulau haba bandar <> Satu program di Los Angeles percaya bahawa dengan $ 1 bilion, suhu bandar dapat dikurangkan dengan kira-kira berapa darjah Celsius? || 3 <> Apakah kawasan metropolitan dengan suhu yang lebih tinggi daripada kawasan sekitarnya dipanggil? || Pulau haba bandar <> Bahan apa yang menyerap sinar matahari dan mencipta suhu yang lebih tinggi daripada bahan semula jadi? || asfalt dan konkrit <> Apakah cara untuk mengurangkan suhu tinggi yang dicipta di kepulauan panas di bandar? || bangunan cat dan jalan pokok putih dan tumbuhan", {"qas": [{"question": "UHI is an abbreviation of what?", "id": "56ce6efbaab44d1400b88787", "answers": [{"text": "Urban heat islands", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A program in Los Angeles believes that with $1 billion, city temperatures could be reduced by approximately how many degrees in Celsius?", "id": "56ce6efbaab44d1400b88788", "answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 597}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than the surrounding areas called?", "id": "56d0817d234ae51400d9c334", "answers": [{"text": "Urban heat islands", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What materials absorb sunlight and create higher temperatures than natural materials?", "id": "56d0817d234ae51400d9c335", "answers": [{"text": "asphalt and concrete", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a way to reduce the high temperatures created in urban heat islands?", "id": "56d0817d234ae51400d9c336", "answers": [{"text": "paint buildings and roads white and plant trees", "answer_start": 398}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Urban heat islands (UHI) are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than that of the surrounding environment. The higher temperatures are a result of increased absorption of the Solar light by urban materials such as asphalt and concrete, which have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the natural environment. A straightforward method of counteracting the UHI effect is to paint buildings and roads white and plant trees. Using these methods, a hypothetical \"cool communities\" program in Los Angeles has projected that urban temperatures could be reduced by approximately 3 \u00b0C at an estimated cost of US$1 billion, giving estimated total annual benefits of US$530 million from reduced air-conditioning costs and healthcare savings."}], ["Tumbuhan CSP komersial mula dibangunkan pada tahun 1980-an. Sejak tahun 1985, 354 pemasangan MW SEGS CSP, di Gurun Mojave, California, adalah loji kuasa solar terbesar di dunia. Tumbuhan CSP yang lain termasuk Stesen Kuasa Solar 150 MW Solnova dan stesen janakuasa 100 MW Andasol, kedua-duanya di Sepanyol. Projek Suria 250 MW Agua Caliente, di Amerika Syarikat, dan 221 MW Charanka Solar Park di India, adalah tumbuhan fotovoltaik terbesar di dunia. Projek solar yang melebihi 1 GW sedang dibangunkan, tetapi kebanyakan fotovoltaik digunakan di aras bumbung kecil kurang daripada 5 kW, yang bersambung dengan grid menggunakan metering bersih dan / atau tarif suapan. Pada tahun 2013 solar menghasilkan kurang daripada 1% daripada jumlah keseluruhan elektrik grid grid. <> Loji kuasa solar terbesar di dunia terletak di padang pasir? || Gurun Mojave <> Kurang daripada 1% daripada jumlah elektrik grid dunia dihasilkan oleh tenaga suria pada tahun berapa? || 2013 <> Apa loji kuasa solar terbesar di dunia? || 354 MW SEGS CSP <> Di mana loji tenaga suria terbesar di dunia terletak? || Gurun Mojave dari California <> Apakah tumbuhan kuasa suria photovoltaic terbesar? || Projek 250 MW Solar Agua Caliente, di Amerika Syarikat, dan 221 MW Solar Charanka Solar di India", {"qas": [{"question": "The largest solar power plant in the world is located in what desert?", "id": "56ce666caab44d1400b88755", "answers": [{"text": "the Mojave Desert", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Less than 1% of the world's total grid electricity was generated by solar energy in what year?", "id": "56ce666caab44d1400b88756", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 686}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the largest solar power plant in the world?", "id": "56d074ff234ae51400d9c2ee", "answers": [{"text": "354 MW SEGS CSP", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the largest solar power plant in the world located?", "id": "56d074ff234ae51400d9c2ef", "answers": [{"text": "Mojave Desert of California", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the largest photovoltaic solar power plants?", "id": "56d074ff234ae51400d9c2f0", "answers": [{"text": "The 250 MW Agua Caliente Solar Project, in the United States, and the 221 MW Charanka Solar Park in India", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Commercial CSP plants were first developed in the 1980s. Since 1985 the eventually 354 MW SEGS CSP installation, in the Mojave Desert of California, is the largest solar power plant in the world. Other large CSP plants include the 150 MW Solnova Solar Power Station and the 100 MW Andasol solar power station, both in Spain. The 250 MW Agua Caliente Solar Project, in the United States, and the 221 MW Charanka Solar Park in India, are the world\u2019s largest photovoltaic plants. Solar projects exceeding 1 GW are being developed, but most of the deployed photovoltaics are in small rooftop arrays of less than 5 kW, which are grid connected using net metering and/or a feed-in tariff. In 2013 solar generated less than 1% of the worlds total grid electricity."}], ["Ciri-ciri umum seni bina pasif suria adalah orientasi relatif terhadap Matahari, perkadaran padat (kawasan permukaan rendah ke nisbah isipadu), teduhan terpilih (overhangs) dan jisim terma. Apabila ciri-ciri ini disesuaikan dengan iklim dan persekitaran tempatan, mereka boleh menghasilkan ruang yang terang dan terang yang berada dalam jarak suhu yang selesa. Megaron House Socrates adalah contoh klasik reka bentuk solar pasif. Pendekatan terbaru untuk reka bentuk solar menggunakan pemodelan komputer yang menggabungkan pencahayaan solar, pemanasan dan sistem pengudaraan dalam pakej reka bentuk suria bersepadu. Peralatan solar aktif seperti pam, peminat dan tingkap boleh diubahsuai boleh melengkapkan reka bentuk pasif dan meningkatkan prestasi sistem. <> Socrate apa contoh klasik reka bentuk solar pasif? || Rumah Megaron <> Apakah ciri umum seni bina pasif matahari? || orientasi berbanding Matahari <> Apa yang dihasilkan apabila ciri-ciri senibina matahari pasif disesuaikan dengan alam sekitar? || ruang terang yang kekal dalam jarak suhu yang selesa <> Apakah contoh reka bentuk solar pasif? || Rumah Megaron Socrates <> Peralatan apa jenis yang boleh meningkatkan prestasi sistem? || pam, peminat dan tingkap boleh ubah", {"qas": [{"question": "Socrate's what is a classic example of passive solar design?", "id": "56ce6ea0aab44d1400b88785", "answers": [{"text": "Megaron House", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a common feature of passive solar architecture?", "id": "56d08052234ae51400d9c32c", "answers": [{"text": "orientation relative to the Sun", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is produced when the features of passive solar architecture are customized to the environment?", "id": "56d08052234ae51400d9c32d", "answers": [{"text": "well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of passive solar design?", "id": "56d08052234ae51400d9c32e", "answers": [{"text": "Socrates' Megaron House", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of equipment can improve system performance?", "id": "56d08052234ae51400d9c32f", "answers": [{"text": "pumps, fans and switchable windows", "answer_start": 609}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the Sun, compact proportion (a low surface area to volume ratio), selective shading (overhangs) and thermal mass. When these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range. Socrates' Megaron House is a classic example of passive solar design. The most recent approaches to solar design use computer modeling tying together solar lighting, heating and ventilation systems in an integrated solar design package. Active solar equipment such as pumps, fans and switchable windows can complement passive design and improve system performance."}], ["Perkembangan sebuah kereta bertenaga solar telah menjadi matlamat kejuruteraan sejak tahun 1980-an. The Challenge Solar World adalah perlumbaan kereta berkuasa solar setiap dua tahun, di mana pasukan dari universiti dan perusahaan bersaing lebih dari 3,021 kilometer (1,877 mi) di seluruh Australia tengah dari Darwin ke Adelaide. Pada tahun 1987, apabila ia diasaskan, kelajuan purata pemenang adalah 67 kilometer sejam (42 mph) dan pada 2007 kelajuan purata pemenang meningkat kepada 90.87 kilometer sejam (56.46 mph). Cabaran Solar Amerika Utara dan Cabaran Suria Afrika Selatan yang dirancang adalah pertandingan yang boleh dibandingkan yang mencerminkan kepentingan antarabangsa dalam kejuruteraan dan pembangunan kenderaan berkuasa solar. <> Apakah nama perlumbaan kereta berkuasa solar diadakan setiap dua tahun? || The Challenge Solar World <> Apakah pemenang kelajuan purata Dunia Challenge pada tahun 2007 dalam km / j? || 90.87 <> Apa itu Cabaran Solar Dunia? || perlumbaan kereta berkuasa solar setiap dua kali <> Bilakah Cabaran Solar Dunia bermula? || 1987 <> Apakah kelajuan purata kereta berkuasa solar yang berjaya pada tahun 1987? || 67 kilometer sejam (42 mph) <> Apakah kelajuan purata sebuah kereta berkuasa solar yang berjaya menjelang tahun 2007? || 90.87 kilometer sejam (56.46 mph) <> Apakah beberapa perlumbaan kereta yang serupa yang menggunakan kenderaan berkuasa solar? || Cabaran Solar Amerika Utara dan Cabaran Suria Afrika Selatan yang dirancang", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the solar powered car race held every two years?", "id": "56ce759eaab44d1400b887b9", "answers": [{"text": "The World Solar Challenge", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the winner of the World Solar Challenge's average speed in 2007 in km/h?", "id": "56ce759eaab44d1400b887ba", "answers": [{"text": "90.87", "answer_start": 430}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is The World Solar Challenge?", "id": "56d0880f234ae51400d9c350", "answers": [{"text": "a biannual solar-powered car race", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was The World Solar Challenge started?", "id": "56d0880f234ae51400d9c351", "answers": [{"text": "1987", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the average speed of a winning solar powered car in 1987?", "id": "56d0880f234ae51400d9c352", "answers": [{"text": "67 kilometres per hour (42 mph)", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the average speed of a winning solar powered car by 2007?", "id": "56d0880f234ae51400d9c353", "answers": [{"text": "90.87 kilometres per hour (56.46 mph)", "answer_start": 430}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some other similar car races that use solar powered vehicles?", "id": "56d0880f234ae51400d9c354", "answers": [{"text": "The North American Solar Challenge and the planned South African Solar Challenge", "answer_start": 469}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Development of a solar-powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s. The World Solar Challenge is a biannual solar-powered car race, where teams from universities and enterprises compete over 3,021 kilometres (1,877 mi) across central Australia from Darwin to Adelaide. In 1987, when it was founded, the winner's average speed was 67 kilometres per hour (42 mph) and by 2007 the winner's average speed had improved to 90.87 kilometres per hour (56.46 mph). The North American Solar Challenge and the planned South African Solar Challenge are comparable competitions that reflect an international interest in the engineering and development of solar powered vehicles."}], ["Pada tahun 1974, pesawat AstroFlight Sunrise yang tidak berkuasa membuat penerbangan solar pertama. Pada 29 April 1979, Solar Riser membuat penerbangan pertama di sebuah mesin berkuasa solar, yang dikendalikan sepenuhnya, yang membawa mesin terbang, mencapai ketinggian 40 kaki (12 m). Pada tahun 1980, Gossamer Penguin membuat penerbangan percubaan pertama yang disokong oleh fotovoltaik sahaja. Ini dengan cepat diikuti oleh Solar Challenger yang melintasi Selat Inggeris pada bulan Julai 1981. Pada tahun 1990 Eric Scott Raymond dalam 21 hop terbang dari California ke North Carolina menggunakan kuasa solar. Perkembangan kemudiannya berbalik kepada kenderaan udara tanpa pemandu (UAV) dengan Pathfinder (1997) dan reka bentuk seterusnya, memuncak di Helios yang menetapkan rekod ketinggian untuk pesawat yang tidak bergerak roket pada 29,524 meter (96,864 kaki) pada tahun 2001. Zephyr , yang dibangunkan oleh BAE Systems, adalah yang terbaru dalam satu barisan pesawat solar yang memecah rekod, menjadikan penerbangan 54 jam pada tahun 2007, dan penerbangan selama sebulan dibayangkan pada tahun 2010. Sehingga 2015, Solar Impulse, sebuah pesawat elektrik, adalah kini sedang mengalihkan dunia. Ia adalah pesawat satu tempat duduk yang dikuasai oleh sel solar dan mampu berlepas di bawah kuasa sendiri. Reka bentuk ini membolehkan pesawat itu kekal di udara selama 36 jam. <> Ketinggian apa yang telah dicapai oleh Riser Suria di kaki? || 40 <> Apa nama pesawat yang melayang di dunia pada tahun 2015 melalui kuasa solar? || Solar Impulse <> Bilakah penerbangan tanpa pemandu pertama dengan pesawat solar yang dibuat? || 1974 <> Bilakah pesawat pengangkut tenaga solar pertama dibuat? || 29 April 1979 <> Bilakah Solar Challenger menyeberangi Saluran Bahasa Inggeris? || Julai 1981 <> Dimana Eric Scott Raymond terbang menggunakan pesawat berkuasa solar pada tahun 1990? || California ke North Carolina <> Berapa lamakah kapal terbang Solar powered Impulse dapat kekal di udara? || 36 jam", {"qas": [{"question": "What altitude did the Solar Riser reach in feet?", "id": "56ce7645aab44d1400b887c9", "answers": [{"text": "40", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the aircraft circling the globe in 2015 via solar power?", "id": "56ce7645aab44d1400b887ca", "answers": [{"text": "Solar Impulse", "answer_start": 963}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the first unmanned flight by a solar powered plane made?", "id": "56d089e6234ae51400d9c360", "answers": [{"text": "1974", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the first solar powered manned flight made?", "id": "56d089e6234ae51400d9c361", "answers": [{"text": "29 April 1979", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Solar Challenger cross the English Channel?", "id": "56d089e6234ae51400d9c362", "answers": [{"text": "July 1981", "answer_start": 421}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Eric Scott Raymond fly using a solar powered plane in 1990?", "id": "56d089e6234ae51400d9c363", "answers": [{"text": "California to North Carolina", "answer_start": 480}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long is the solar powered plane Solar Impulse able to remain in the air?", "id": "56d089e6234ae51400d9c364", "answers": [{"text": "36 hours", "answer_start": 1193}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1974, the unmanned AstroFlight Sunrise plane made the first solar flight. On 29 April 1979, the Solar Riser made the first flight in a solar-powered, fully controlled, man carrying flying machine, reaching an altitude of 40 feet (12 m). In 1980, the Gossamer Penguin made the first piloted flights powered solely by photovoltaics. This was quickly followed by the Solar Challenger which crossed the English Channel in July 1981. In 1990 Eric Scott Raymond in 21 hops flew from California to North Carolina using solar power. Developments then turned back to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with the Pathfinder (1997) and subsequent designs, culminating in the Helios which set the altitude record for a non-rocket-propelled aircraft at 29,524 metres (96,864 ft) in 2001. The Zephyr, developed by BAE Systems, is the latest in a line of record-breaking solar aircraft, making a 54-hour flight in 2007, and month-long flights were envisioned by 2010. As of 2015, Solar Impulse, an electric aircraft, is currently circumnavigating the globe. It is a single-seat plane powered by solar cells and capable of taking off under its own power. The designed allows the aircraft to remain airborne for 36 hours."}], ["Dalam dua dekad yang lalu, fotovoltaik (PV), yang juga dikenali sebagai PV solar, telah berkembang dari pasaran ceruk murni aplikasi kecil ke arah menjadi sumber arus perdana. Sel solar adalah peranti yang mengubah cahaya secara langsung ke elektrik dengan menggunakan kesan fotoelektrik. Sel solar pertama dibina oleh Charles Fritts pada tahun 1880-an. Pada tahun 1931 seorang jurutera Jerman, Dr Bruno Lange, membangun sel foto menggunakan selenide perak sebagai pengganti tembaga oksida. Walaupun sel-sel selenium prototaip menukarkan kurang daripada 1% cahaya insiden ke dalam elektrik, kedua-dua Ernst Werner von Siemens dan James Clerk Maxwell mengiktiraf kepentingan penemuan ini. Berikutan kerja Russell Ohl pada tahun 1940-an, penyelidik Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller dan Daryl Chapin mencipta sel suria silikon kristal pada tahun 1954. Sel suria awal ini menelan kos 286 USD / watt dan mencapai kecekapan 4.5-6%. Oleh tahun 2012 kecekapan yang ada melebihi 20% dan kecekapan maksimum photovoltaics penyelidikan adalah lebih daripada 40%. <> Pada tahun 1880-an, siapakah yang membina sel solar pertama? || Charles Fritts <> Pada tahun apakah sel solar silikon kristal dibina? || 1954 <> Apa yang berlaku pada fotovoltaik dalam 20 tahun yang lalu? || berevolusi dari pasaran ceruk murni aplikasi kecil ke arah menjadi sumber arus utama <> Apa sel surya? || sebuah peranti yang menukarkan cahaya secara langsung ke elektrik <> Siapa yang menciptakan sel solar pertama? || Charles Fritts <> Siapa yang membuat sel solar pertama menggunakan selenide perak sebagai pengganti tembaga oksida? || Dr Bruno Lange <> Siapa yang menciptakan sel solar silikon kristal? || Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller dan Daryl Chapin", {"qas": [{"question": "In the 1880s, who constructed the first solar cell?", "id": "56ce66aeaab44d1400b88759", "answers": [{"text": "Charles Fritts", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the crystalline silicon solar cell constructed?", "id": "56ce66aeaab44d1400b8875a", "answers": [{"text": "1954", "answer_start": 819}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has happened to photovoltaic in the past 20 years?", "id": "56d07aa6234ae51400d9c314", "answers": [{"text": "evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a solar cell?", "id": "56d07aa6234ae51400d9c315", "answers": [{"text": "a device that converts light directly into electricity", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created the first solar cell?", "id": "56d07aa6234ae51400d9c316", "answers": [{"text": "Charles Fritts", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created the first solar cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide?", "id": "56d07aa6234ae51400d9c317", "answers": [{"text": "Dr Bruno Lange", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created the crystalline silicon solar cell?", "id": "56d07aa6234ae51400d9c318", "answers": [{"text": "Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin", "answer_start": 726}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the last two decades, photovoltaics (PV), also known as solar PV, has evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source. A solar cell is a device that converts light directly into electricity using the photoelectric effect. The first solar cell was constructed by Charles Fritts in the 1880s. In 1931 a German engineer, Dr Bruno Lange, developed a photo cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide. Although the prototype selenium cells converted less than 1% of incident light into electricity, both Ernst Werner von Siemens and James Clerk Maxwell recognized the importance of this discovery. Following the work of Russell Ohl in the 1940s, researchers Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin created the crystalline silicon solar cell in 1954. These early solar cells cost 286 USD/watt and reached efficiencies of 4.5\u20136%. By 2012 available efficiencies exceed 20% and the maximum efficiency of research photovoltaics is over 40%."}], ["Pertanian dan hortikultur berusaha mengoptimumkan penangkapan tenaga solar untuk mengoptimumkan produktiviti tumbuhan. Teknik-teknik seperti kitaran penanaman masa, orientasi baris disesuaikan, ketinggian berperingkat antara baris dan pencampuran varieti tumbuhan boleh meningkatkan hasil tanaman. Walaupun cahaya matahari umumnya dianggap sebagai sumber yang banyak, pengecualian menyerlahkan pentingnya tenaga solar kepada pertanian. Semasa musim-musim pendek Zaman Es Little, para petani Perancis dan Inggeris menggunakan dinding buah untuk memaksimumkan pengumpulan tenaga solar. Dinding ini bertindak sebagai massa haba dan pematangan dipercepatkan dengan memelihara tumbuh-tumbuhan yang hangat. Dinding buah awal telah dibina berserenjang ke tanah dan menghadap ke selatan, tetapi dari masa ke masa, tembok cerun dikembangkan untuk memanfaatkan cahaya matahari dengan lebih baik. Pada tahun 1699, Nicolas Fatio de Duillier mencadangkan menggunakan mekanisme penjejakan yang boleh berputar mengikuti Matahari. Aplikasi tenaga suria dalam pertanian selain tanaman yang semakin meningkat termasuk air mengepam, mengeringkan tanaman, memakan anak ayam dan membakar kotoran ayam. Baru-baru ini teknologi ini telah dipeluk oleh vinters, yang menggunakan tenaga yang dihasilkan oleh panel suria untuk menekan tekanan anggur. <> Semasa Zaman Ais Kecil, apa yang digunakan oleh petani Inggeris dan Perancis untuk meningkatkan pengumpulan tenaga solar? || dinding buah <> Vinters telah menggunakan teknologi solar untuk melakukan apa? || kuasa anggur menekan <> Mengapa pertanian dan hortikultur berusaha memanfaatkan sepenuhnya tenaga solar? || untuk mengoptimumkan produktiviti tanaman <> Apakah beberapa teknik yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan pengeluaran tanaman? || kitaran tanaman bermusim, orientasi baris disesuaikan, ketinggian berperingkat antara baris dan pencampuran jenis tumbuhan <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh petani Perancis dan Inggeris semasa Zaman Es Little untuk mendapatkan lebih banyak tenaga solar? || dinding buah yang dipekerjakan <> Apa tujuan dinding buah yang dibina oleh petani Perancis dan Inggeris? || bertindak sebagai massa haba dan pematangan dipercepatkan dengan memelihara tumbuh-tumbuhan yang hangat", {"qas": [{"question": "During the Little Ice Age, what did English and French farmers use to increase collection of solar energy?", "id": "56ce7352aab44d1400b887a3", "answers": [{"text": "fruit walls", "answer_start": 506}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Vinters have adopted solar technology to do what?", "id": "56ce7352aab44d1400b887a4", "answers": [{"text": "power grape presses", "answer_start": 1168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why do agriculture and horticulture seek to make the most use of the solar energy captured?", "id": "56d086c9234ae51400d9c340", "answers": [{"text": "to optimize the productivity of plants", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some techniques used to improve crop production?", "id": "56d086c9234ae51400d9c341", "answers": [{"text": "timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did French and English farmers do during the Little Ice Age to gain more solar energy?", "id": "56d086c9234ae51400d9c342", "answers": [{"text": "employed fruit walls", "answer_start": 497}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the purpose of the fruit walls built by French and English farmers?", "id": "56d086c9234ae51400d9c343", "answers": [{"text": "acted as thermal masses and accelerated ripening by keeping plants warm", "answer_start": 574}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Agriculture and horticulture seek to optimize the capture of solar energy in order to optimize the productivity of plants. Techniques such as timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties can improve crop yields. While sunlight is generally considered a plentiful resource, the exceptions highlight the importance of solar energy to agriculture. During the short growing seasons of the Little Ice Age, French and English farmers employed fruit walls to maximize the collection of solar energy. These walls acted as thermal masses and accelerated ripening by keeping plants warm. Early fruit walls were built perpendicular to the ground and facing south, but over time, sloping walls were developed to make better use of sunlight. In 1699, Nicolas Fatio de Duillier even suggested using a tracking mechanism which could pivot to follow the Sun. Applications of solar energy in agriculture aside from growing crops include pumping water, drying crops, brooding chicks and drying chicken manure. More recently the technology has been embraced by vinters, who use the energy generated by solar panels to power grape presses."}], ["Agensi Tenaga Antarabangsa telah mengatakan bahawa tenaga solar boleh membuat sumbangan besar untuk menyelesaikan beberapa masalah yang paling mendesak yang kini dihadapi dunia: <> Organisasi mana yang percaya bahawa tenaga solar dapat menyelesaikan beberapa isu yang paling mendesak kita? || Agensi Tenaga Antarabangsa <> Yang mengatakan bahawa tenaga solar dapat membantu menyelesaikan beberapa masalah yang paling mendesak di dunia? || Agensi Tenaga Antarabangsa", {"qas": [{"question": "Which organization believes that solar energy can solve some of our most pressing issues?", "id": "56ce7cbbaab44d1400b88805", "answers": [{"text": "The International Energy Agency", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said that solar energy can help solve some of the most urgent problems in the world?", "id": "56d0990e234ae51400d9c3c0", "answers": [{"text": "The International Energy Agency", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The International Energy Agency has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces:"}], ["Organisasi Antarabangsa bagi Standardisasi telah menubuhkan beberapa piawai yang berkaitan dengan peralatan tenaga solar. Sebagai contoh, ISO 9050 berkaitan dengan kaca dalam bangunan manakala ISO 10217 berkaitan dengan bahan yang digunakan dalam pemanas air solar. <> ISO 9050 berkaitan dengan standard untuk apa? || kaca dalam bangunan <> ISO 10217 berkaitan dengan standard untuk apa? || bahan yang digunakan dalam pemanas air suria <> Apakah nama standard yang berkaitan dengan kaca dalam bangunan? || ISO 9050 <> Apakah nama piawai yang berkaitan dengan bahan yang digunakan dalam pemanas air solar? || ISO 10217", {"qas": [{"question": "ISO 9050 relates to standards for what?", "id": "56ce7d1aaab44d1400b88809", "answers": [{"text": "glass in building", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "ISO 10217 relates to standards for what?", "id": "56ce7d1aaab44d1400b8880a", "answers": [{"text": "materials used in solar water heaters", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the standard related to glass in building?", "id": "56d09a77234ae51400d9c3c6", "answers": [{"text": "ISO 9050", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the standard related to the materials used in solar water heaters?", "id": "56d09a77234ae51400d9c3c7", "answers": [{"text": "ISO 10217", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The International Organization for Standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment. For example, ISO 9050 relates to glass in building while ISO 10217 relates to the materials used in solar water heaters."}], ["Tenaga hidroelektrik penyimpanan menyimpan tenaga dalam bentuk air yang dipam apabila tenaga boleh diperoleh dari takungan ketinggian yang lebih rendah ke ketinggian yang lebih tinggi. Tenaga itu pulih apabila permintaan tinggi dengan melepaskan air, dengan pam menjadi penjana kuasa hidroelektrik. <> Apabila air dibebaskan kerana permintaan yang tinggi, pam itu menjadi swhat? || penjana kuasa hidroelektrik <> Hidroelektriti penyimpanan hidroelektrik menyimpan dalam bentuk apa? || air yang dipam apabila tenaga boleh didapati dari takungan ketinggian yang lebih rendah ke ketinggian yang lebih tinggi satu <> Bagaimana tenaga yang disimpan oleh hidroelektrik penyimpanan yang dipam dipulihkan? || dengan melepaskan air, dengan pam menjadi penjana kuasa hidroelektrik", {"qas": [{"question": "When water is released due to high demand, the pump become swhat?", "id": "56ce7bd2aab44d1400b887f1", "answers": [{"text": "a hydroelectric power generator", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores energy in what form?", "id": "56d092a1234ae51400d9c3a6", "answers": [{"text": "water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is the energy stored by pumped-storage hydroelectricity recovered?", "id": "56d092a1234ae51400d9c3a7", "answers": [{"text": "by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores energy in the form of water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one. The energy is recovered when demand is high by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator."}], ["Sistem jisim terma boleh menyimpan tenaga solar dalam bentuk haba di suhu yang berguna di dalam negeri untuk tempoh harian atau intersasonal. Sistem penyimpanan haba biasanya menggunakan bahan sedia ada dengan kapasiti haba yang tinggi seperti air, bumi dan batu. Sistem yang direka dengan baik dapat menurunkan permintaan puncak, mengalihkan penggunaan masa ke waktu puncak dan mengurangkan keperluan pemanasan dan penyejukan keseluruhan. <> Dalam bentuk apakah sistem massa terma menyimpan tenaga solar? || haba <> Apakah sistem yang dipanggil yang boleh menyimpan tenaga suria dalam bentuk haba? || Sistem jisim terma <> Apakah beberapa bahan yang digunakan dalam sistem penyimpanan terma? || air, bumi dan batu <> Apakah sesuatu yang boleh dicapai oleh sistem jisim terma? || mengurangkan pemanasan dan penyejukan keseluruhan", {"qas": [{"question": "In what form do thermal mass systems store solar energy?", "id": "56ce79c4aab44d1400b887e1", "answers": [{"text": "heat", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the system called that can store solar energy in the form of heat?", "id": "56d09004234ae51400d9c38e", "answers": [{"text": "Thermal mass systems", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some of the materials used in thermal storage systems?", "id": "56d09004234ae51400d9c38f", "answers": [{"text": "water, earth and stone", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is something that can be accomplished by a thermal mass system?", "id": "56d09004234ae51400d9c390", "answers": [{"text": "reduce overall heating and cooling requirements", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Thermal mass systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations. Thermal storage systems generally use readily available materials with high specific heat capacities such as water, earth and stone. Well-designed systems can lower peak demand, shift time-of-use to off-peak hours and reduce overall heating and cooling requirements."}], ["Pemanas air solar komersial mula muncul di Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 1890-an. Sistem-sistem ini menyaksikan peningkatan penggunaan sehingga tahun 1920-an tetapi secara beransur-ansur digantikan oleh bahan api pemanasan yang lebih murah dan lebih dipercayai. Seperti fotovoltaik, pemanasan air solar menarik perhatian yang diperbaharui sebagai hasil daripada krisis minyak pada tahun 1970-an tetapi minatnya berkurang pada tahun 1980-an disebabkan harga petroleum yang jatuh. Pembangunan di sektor pemanasan air suria terus berkembang sepanjang tahun 1990-an dan kadar pertumbuhan purata 20% setahun sejak tahun 1999. Walaupun secara amnya diremehkan, pemanasan dan pemanasan air suria adalah teknologi solar yang paling banyak digunakan dengan kapasiti dianggarkan sebanyak 154 GW daripada tahun 2007. <> Pemanas air solar yang diperkenalkan di Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 1890-an menyaksikan pertumbuhan sehingga tempoh masa apa? || Sejak tahun 1920-an Sejak tahun 1999, apa kadar purata telah memajukan sektor pemanasan air suria? || 20% per tahun <> Bilakah penggunaan pemanas air solar di Amerika Syarikat mula pertama? || dalam tahun 1890-an Mengapa kepentingan dalam pemanasan air suria menurun pada 1980-an? || harga petroleum jatuh <> Pertumbuhan pembangunan pemanasan air suria telah purata berapa tahun per tahun sejak 1999 || 20% <> Berapa anggaran kapasiti pemanasan dan pemanasan air solar pada tahun 2007? || 154 GW", {"qas": [{"question": "The solar water heaters introduced in the US in the 1890s saw growth until what time period?", "id": "56ce7c97aab44d1400b88801", "answers": [{"text": "the 1920s", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Since 1999, what average rate has the solar water heating sector progressed at?", "id": "56ce7c97aab44d1400b88802", "answers": [{"text": "20% per year", "answer_start": 503}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the use of solar water heaters in the US first begin?", "id": "56d098d8234ae51400d9c3b8", "answers": [{"text": "in the 1890s", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did interest in solar water heating decrease in the 1980s?", "id": "56d098d8234ae51400d9c3b9", "answers": [{"text": "falling petroleum prices", "answer_start": 359}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Growth of solar water heating development has averaged how much per year since 1999", "id": "56d098d8234ae51400d9c3ba", "answers": [{"text": "20%", "answer_start": 503}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the estimated capacity of solar water heating and cooling in 2007?", "id": "56d098d8234ae51400d9c3bb", "answers": [{"text": "154 GW", "answer_start": 677}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States in the 1890s. These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to falling petroleum prices. Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged 20% per year since 1999. Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007."}], ["Sistem PV luar grid secara tradisional menggunakan bateri boleh dicas semula untuk menyimpan lebihan elektrik. Dengan sistem terikat grid, lebihan elektrik boleh dihantar ke grid penghantaran, sementara elektrik grid standard boleh digunakan untuk memenuhi kekurangan. Program pemeteran bersih memberi sistem isi rumah kredit untuk apa-apa elektrik yang mereka hantar ke grid. Ini ditangani dengan 'rolling back' meter setiap kali rumah menghasilkan lebih banyak elektrik daripada yang digunakan. Sekiranya penggunaan elektrik bersih berada di bawah sifar, utiliti itu akan menggulung kredit jam kilowatt pada bulan berikutnya. Pendekatan lain melibatkan penggunaan dua meter, untuk mengukur elektrik yang digunakan berbanding elektrik yang dihasilkan. Ini adalah kurang biasa kerana peningkatan kos pemasangan pada meter kedua. Kebanyakan meter piawai mengukur secara tepat dalam kedua-dua arah, menjadikan meter kedua tidak perlu. <> Di mana sistem PV luar grid menyimpan elektrik yang berlebihan? || bateri yang boleh dicas semula <> Apa yang digunakan oleh sistem PV luar grid untuk menyimpan lebihan elektrik? || bateri yang boleh dicas semula <> Apakah program-program yang memberi kredit kepada isi rumah untuk menghantar elektrik ke grid yang dipanggil? || Program pemeteran bersih <> Bagaimana kredit kepada isi rumah dicapai? || dengan 'rolling back' meter setiap kali rumah menghasilkan lebih banyak elektrik daripada ia menggunakan <> Mengapa meter kedua biasanya tidak perlu untuk memantau penggunaan elektrik? || Kebanyakan meter piawai tepat di kedua-dua arah", {"qas": [{"question": "Where do off-grid PV systems store excess electricity?", "id": "56ce7ba4aab44d1400b887ed", "answers": [{"text": "rechargeable batteries", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do off-grid PV systems use to store excess electricity?", "id": "56d09249234ae51400d9c39e", "answers": [{"text": "rechargeable batteries", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the programs that gives credit to households for delivering electricity to the grid called?", "id": "56d09249234ae51400d9c39f", "answers": [{"text": "Net metering programs", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is the credit to households accomplished?", "id": "56d09249234ae51400d9c3a0", "answers": [{"text": "by 'rolling back' the meter whenever the home produces more electricity than it consumes", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why is a second meter usually unnecessary to monitor electricity use?", "id": "56d09249234ae51400d9c3a1", "answers": [{"text": "Most standard meters accurately measure in both directions", "answer_start": 747}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Off-grid PV systems have traditionally used rechargeable batteries to store excess electricity. With grid-tied systems, excess electricity can be sent to the transmission grid, while standard grid electricity can be used to meet shortfalls. Net metering programs give household systems a credit for any electricity they deliver to the grid. This is handled by 'rolling back' the meter whenever the home produces more electricity than it consumes. If the net electricity use is below zero, the utility then rolls over the kilowatt hour credit to the next month. Other approaches involve the use of two meters, to measure electricity consumed vs. electricity produced. This is less common due to the increased installation cost of the second meter. Most standard meters accurately measure in both directions, making a second meter unnecessary."}], ["Pertambangan minyak tahun 1973 dan krisis tenaga 1979 menyebabkan penyusunan semula dasar tenaga di seluruh dunia dan membawa perhatian baru kepada pembangunan teknologi solar. Strategi deployment memberi tumpuan kepada program insentif seperti Program Penggunaan Fotovoltaik Persekutuan di Amerika Syarikat dan Program Sinar Matahari di Jepun. Usaha lain termasuk pembentukan kemudahan penyelidikan di Amerika Syarikat (SERI, sekarang NREL), Jepun (NEDO), dan Jerman (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE). <> Minyak embargo dalam tahun apakah faktor penyumbang kepada penyusunan semula dasar tenaga? || 1973 <> Apa yang menarik perhatian teknologi solar pada tahun 1970-an? || 1973 embargo minyak dan krisis tenaga 1979 <> Apa nama beberapa program insentif yang digunakan untuk mempromosikan teknologi solar? || Program Penggunaan Fotovoltaik Persekutuan di AS dan Program Sinar Matahari di Jepun <> Apakah nama kemudahan penyelidikan tenaga suria di AS? || SERI, sekarang NREL <> Apakah nama kemudahan penyelidikan tenaga suria di Jepun? || NEDO <> Apakah nama kemudahan penyelidikan tenaga suria di Jerman? || Institut Fraunhofer untuk Sistem Tenaga Suria ISE", {"qas": [{"question": "The oil embargo in what year was a contributing factor to the reorganization of energy policies?", "id": "56ce7c26aab44d1400b887fb", "answers": [{"text": "1973", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What brought attention to solar technologies in the 1970s?", "id": "56d097fb234ae51400d9c3ae", "answers": [{"text": "The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the names of some of the incentive programs used to promote solar technology?", "id": "56d097fb234ae51400d9c3af", "answers": [{"text": "the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the solar energy research facility in the US?", "id": "56d097fb234ae51400d9c3b0", "answers": [{"text": "SERI, now NREL", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the solar energy research facility in Japan?", "id": "56d097fb234ae51400d9c3b1", "answers": [{"text": "NEDO", "answer_start": 413}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the solar energy research facility in Germany?", "id": "56d097fb234ae51400d9c3b2", "answers": [{"text": "Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE)."}], ["Bahan-bahan perubahan fasa seperti lilin parafin dan garam Glauber adalah media penyimpanan haba yang lain. Bahan-bahan ini adalah murah, mudah didapati, dan boleh menyampaikan suhu berguna di dalam negeri (kira-kira 64 \u00b0 C atau 147 \u00b0 F). \"Dover House\" (di Dover, Massachusetts) adalah yang pertama menggunakan sistem pemanasan garam Glauber, pada tahun 1948. Tenaga solar juga boleh disimpan pada suhu tinggi menggunakan garam cair. Garam adalah medium penyimpanan yang berkesan kerana ia adalah kos rendah, mempunyai kapasiti haba yang tinggi dan boleh memberikan haba pada suhu yang bersesuaian dengan sistem kuasa konvensional. The Solar Two menggunakan kaedah penyimpanan tenaga ini, yang membolehkan ia menyimpan 1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh) dalam tangki penyimpanan 68 kubik meter dengan kecekapan penyimpanan tahunan kira-kira 99%. <> Paraffin wax adalah contoh jenis media storan? || haba <> Sistem pemanasan garam Glauber pertama kali pertama digunakan di mana? || \"Dover House\" <> Apakah beberapa contoh bahan perubahan fasa? || lilin parafin dan garam Glauber <> Apakah suhu anggaran yang boleh disampaikan oleh bahan perubahan fasa? || 64 \u00b0 C atau 147 \u00b0 F <> Apa nama sistem pemanas yang mula-mula menggunakan garam Glauber? || Rumah Dover <> Mengapa garam baik untuk penyimpanan haba? || mereka adalah kos rendah, mempunyai kapasiti haba yang tinggi dan boleh memberikan haba pada suhu yang serasi dengan sistem kuasa konvensional <> Berapa banyak tenaga yang Solar Dua dapat menyimpan dengan menggunakan garam? || 1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh)", {"qas": [{"question": "Paraffin wax is an example of what kind of storage media?", "id": "56ce7a03aab44d1400b887e3", "answers": [{"text": "thermal", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first Glauber's salt heating system was first used where?", "id": "56ce7a03aab44d1400b887e4", "answers": [{"text": "The \"Dover House\"", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some examples of phase change materials?", "id": "56d09106234ae51400d9c394", "answers": [{"text": "paraffin wax and Glauber's salt", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the approximate temperatures that can be delivered by phase change materials?", "id": "56d09106234ae51400d9c395", "answers": [{"text": "64 \u00b0C or 147 \u00b0F", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the heating system that first used Glauber's salt?", "id": "56d09106234ae51400d9c396", "answers": [{"text": "Dover House", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why are salts good  for thermal storage?", "id": "56d09106234ae51400d9c397", "answers": [{"text": "they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems", "answer_start": 458}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much energy was the Solar Two able to store using salts?", "id": "56d09106234ae51400d9c398", "answers": [{"text": "1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh)", "answer_start": 664}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Phase change materials such as paraffin wax and Glauber's salt are another thermal storage media. These materials are inexpensive, readily available, and can deliver domestically useful temperatures (approximately 64 \u00b0C or 147 \u00b0F). The \"Dover House\" (in Dover, Massachusetts) was the first to use a Glauber's salt heating system, in 1948. Solar energy can also be stored at high temperatures using molten salts. Salts are an effective storage medium because they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems. The Solar Two used this method of energy storage, allowing it to store 1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh) in its 68 cubic metres storage tank with an annual storage efficiency of about 99%."}], ["Teknologi pengeluaran hidrogen menjadi kawasan penyelidikan kimia solar sejak tahun 1970-an. Selain daripada elektrolisis didorong oleh sel fotovoltaik atau fotokimia, beberapa proses termokimia juga telah dieksplorasi. Satu laluan tersebut menggunakan concentrator untuk memecah air menjadi oksigen dan hidrogen pada suhu tinggi (2,300-2,600 \u00b0 C atau 4,200-4,700 \u00b0 F). Pendekatan lain menggunakan haba dari konsentrat solar untuk memacu pembaharuan stim gas asli dengan itu meningkatkan hasil hidrogen secara keseluruhan berbanding dengan kaedah pembaharuan konvensional. Siklus termokimia yang dicirikan oleh penguraian dan regenerasi reaktan memberikan satu lagi cara untuk pengeluaran hidrogen. Proses Solzinc yang sedang dibangun di Institut Weizmann menggunakan relau solar 1 MW untuk menguraikan zink oksida (ZnO) pada suhu di atas 1,200 \u00b0 C (2,200 \u00b0 F). Reaksi awal ini menghasilkan zink yang tulen, yang kemudiannya dapat direaksikan dengan air untuk menghasilkan hidrogen. <> Apakah nama proses yang sedang dibangun di Institut Weizmann? || Proses Solzinc <> Proses Solznic menghasilkan apa? || zink tulen <> Apakah bidang penyelidikan kimia solar sejak tahun 1970-an? || Teknologi pengeluaran hidrogen <> Apa salah satu proses termokimia yang telah dijelajah selain elektrolisis? || menggunakan konsentrator untuk memecah air menjadi oksigen dan hidrogen pada suhu tinggi <> Apakah nama proses yang dibangunkan oleh Institut Weizmann? || Proses solzinc", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the process under development at the Weizmann Institute?", "id": "56ce799daab44d1400b887dd", "answers": [{"text": "The Solzinc process", "answer_start": 688}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Solznic process produces what?", "id": "56ce799daab44d1400b887de", "answers": [{"text": "pure zinc", "answer_start": 882}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has been a main area of solar chemical research since the 1970s?", "id": "56d08f34234ae51400d9c388", "answers": [{"text": "Hydrogen production technologies", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one of the thermochemical processes that has been explored besides electrolysis?", "id": "56d08f34234ae51400d9c389", "answers": [{"text": "uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high temperatures", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the process being developed by the Weizmann Institute?", "id": "56d08f34234ae51400d9c38a", "answers": [{"text": "Solzinc process", "answer_start": 692}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hydrogen production technologies been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s. Aside from electrolysis driven by photovoltaic or photochemical cells, several thermochemical processes have also been explored. One such route uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high temperatures (2,300\u20132,600 \u00b0C or 4,200\u20134,700 \u00b0F). Another approach uses the heat from solar concentrators to drive the steam reformation of natural gas thereby increasing the overall hydrogen yield compared to conventional reforming methods. Thermochemical cycles characterized by the decomposition and regeneration of reactants present another avenue for hydrogen production. The Solzinc process under development at the Weizmann Institute uses a 1 MW solar furnace to decompose zinc oxide (ZnO) at temperatures above 1,200 \u00b0C (2,200 \u00b0F). This initial reaction produces pure zinc, which can subsequently be reacted with water to produce hydrogen."}], ["Proses kimia matahari menggunakan tenaga solar untuk memacu reaksi kimia. Proses-proses ini mengimbangi tenaga yang akan datang dari sumber bahan bakar fosil dan juga dapat menukar tenaga surya ke dalam bahan bakar yang dapat disimpan dan dapat diangkut. Reaksi kimia yang disebabkan oleh solar boleh dibahagikan kepada termokimia atau fotokimia. Pelbagai bahan api boleh dihasilkan oleh fotosintesis buatan. Kimia pemangkin multielectron yang terlibat dalam membuat bahan api berasaskan karbon (seperti metanol) daripada pengurangan karbon dioksida mencabar; Alternatif yang mungkin adalah pengeluaran hidrogen daripada proton, walaupun penggunaan air sebagai sumber elektron (seperti tumbuhan) memerlukan penguasaan oksidasi multielektron dua molekul air ke oksigen molekul. Ada yang merancang loji bahan api solar di kawasan metropolitan pantai menjelang tahun 2050 - pemisahan air laut yang membekalkan hidrogen melalui loji janakuasa sel bahan bakar bersebelahan dan produk sampingan air tulen yang masuk terus ke sistem air perbandaran. Satu lagi visi melibatkan semua struktur manusia yang meliputi permukaan bumi (iaitu jalan, kenderaan, dan bangunan) melakukan fotosintesis lebih berkesan daripada tumbuh-tumbuhan. <> Apakah alternatif yang mungkin untuk membuat bahan api berasaskan karbon daripada pengurangan karbon dioksida? || pengeluaran hidrogen daripada proton <> Proses apa yang menukar tenaga suria ke dalam bahan simpanan dan boleh diangkut? || Proses kimia suria <> Apa proses solar yang boleh digunakan untuk menghasilkan bahan api yang berbeza? || fotosintesis buatan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a possible alternative to making carbon-based fuels from reduction of carbon dioxide?", "id": "56ce771daab44d1400b887cf", "answers": [{"text": "hydrogen production from protons", "answer_start": 547}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What process converts solar energy into storable and transportable fuels?", "id": "56d08e3e234ae51400d9c384", "answers": [{"text": "Solar chemical processes", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What solar process can be used to produce different fuels?", "id": "56d08e3e234ae51400d9c385", "answers": [{"text": "artificial photosynthesis", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Solar chemical processes use solar energy to drive chemical reactions. These processes offset energy that would otherwise come from a fossil fuel source and can also convert solar energy into storable and transportable fuels. Solar induced chemical reactions can be divided into thermochemical or photochemical. A variety of fuels can be produced by artificial photosynthesis. The multielectron catalytic chemistry involved in making carbon-based fuels (such as methanol) from reduction of carbon dioxide is challenging; a feasible alternative is hydrogen production from protons, though use of water as the source of electrons (as plants do) requires mastering the multielectron oxidation of two water molecules to molecular oxygen. Some have envisaged working solar fuel plants in coastal metropolitan areas by 2050 \u2013  the splitting of sea water providing hydrogen to be run through adjacent fuel-cell electric power plants and the pure water by-product going directly into the municipal water system. Another vision involves all human structures covering the earth's surface (i.e., roads, vehicles and buildings) doing photosynthesis more efficiently than plants."}], ["Tenaga solar yang berpotensi yang boleh digunakan oleh manusia berbeza dari jumlah tenaga suria hadir di permukaan bumi kerana faktor-faktor seperti geografi, variasi masa, perlindungan awan, dan tanah yang tersedia kepada manusia mengehadkan jumlah tenaga solar yang kita boleh memperoleh. <> Mengapa jumlah tenaga suria yang boleh digunakan berbeza daripada jumlah permukaan planet? || geografi, variasi masa, perlindungan awan, dan tanah yang tersedia untuk manusia", {"qas": [{"question": "Why does the amount of usable solar energy differ from the amount near the planets surface?", "id": "56cfbb5c234ae51400d9bf29", "answers": [{"text": "geography, time variation, cloud cover, and the land available to humans", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The potential solar energy that could be used by humans differs from the amount of solar energy present near the surface of the planet because factors such as geography, time variation, cloud cover, and the land available to humans limits the amount of solar energy that we can acquire."}], ["Cahaya matahari telah mempengaruhi reka bentuk bangunan sejak permulaan sejarah seni bina. Kaedah seni bina solar dan kaedah perancangan bandar yang pertama digunakan oleh orang Yunani dan Cina, yang berorientasikan bangunan mereka ke arah selatan untuk memberikan cahaya dan kehangatan. <> Apa yang telah mempengaruhi reka bentuk sejak permulaan sejarah seni bina? || Sinaran Matahari <> Siapa yang pertama menggunakan seni bina matahari? || Yunani dan Cina <> Di manakah bangunan yang dibina oleh orang-orang Yunani dan Cina? || ke arah selatan", {"qas": [{"question": "What has influenced the design since the beginning of architectural history?", "id": "56d07d26234ae51400d9c326", "answers": [{"text": "Sunlight", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who first utilized solar architecture?", "id": "56d07d26234ae51400d9c327", "answers": [{"text": "Greeks and Chinese", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which direction were the buildings built by the Greeks and Chinese facing?", "id": "56d07d26234ae51400d9c328", "answers": [{"text": "toward the south", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history. Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the Greeks and Chinese, who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth."}], ["Besarnya tenaga suria yang ada menjadikannya sumber daya yang sangat menarik. Program Pembangunan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa pada tahun 2000 World Energy Assessment mendapati potensi tahunan tenaga surya adalah 1,575-49,837 exajoules (EJ). Ini adalah beberapa kali lebih besar daripada jumlah penggunaan tenaga dunia, iaitu 559.8 EJ pada tahun 2012. <> Sebanyak penggunaan tenaga di seluruh dunia pada tahun 2012? || 559.8 EJ <> Apakah potensi tahunan tenaga solar? || 1,575-49,837 exajoules (EJ) <> Apa yang membuat tenaga solar sumber daya yang menarik> || Besarnya tenaga solar yang ada <> Siapa yang menganggarkan potensi tahunan tenaga suria pada tahun 2000? || Program Pembangunan PBB", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the total worldwide energy consumption in 2012?", "id": "56ce9464aab44d1400b88899", "answers": [{"text": "559.8 EJ", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is solar energy's yearly potential?", "id": "56ce9464aab44d1400b8889a", "answers": [{"text": "1,575\u201349,837 exajoules (EJ)", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What makes solar energy an appealing source of electricity>", "id": "56ce9464aab44d1400b8889b", "answers": [{"text": "The large magnitude of solar energy available", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who estimated the annual potential of solar energy in 2000?", "id": "56ce9464aab44d1400b8889c", "answers": [{"text": "The United Nations Development Programme", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity. The United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1,575\u201349,837 exajoules (EJ). This is several times larger than the total world energy consumption, which was 559.8 EJ in 2012."}], ["Belon suria adalah belon hitam yang dipenuhi dengan udara biasa. Seperti sinar matahari bersinar pada belon, udara di dalamnya dipanaskan dan berkembang menjadi daya keapungan ke atas, sama seperti belon udara panas buatan panas. Sesetengah belon solar cukup besar untuk penerbangan manusia, tetapi penggunaan biasanya terhad kepada pasaran mainan kerana nisbah permukaan tanah kepada nisbah berat muatan relatif tinggi. <> Apakah belon matahari? || balon hitam yang dipenuhi dengan udara biasa <> Apa yang berlaku apabila cahaya matahari bersinar pada balon solar? || udara di dalamnya dipanaskan dan mengembang menyebabkan daya keapungan ke atas <> Apakah kegunaan belon solar biasanya terhad? || pasaran mainan <> Mengapa penggunaan belon solar biasanya terhad kepada pasaran mainan? || kawasan permukaan untuk nisbah muatan-berat adalah tinggi", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a solar balloon?", "id": "56d08aa8234ae51400d9c36a", "answers": [{"text": "a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happens when sunlight shines on a solar balloon?", "id": "56d08aa8234ae51400d9c36b", "answers": [{"text": "the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the use of solar balloons typically limited to?", "id": "56d08aa8234ae51400d9c36c", "answers": [{"text": "the toy market", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why is the use of solar balloons typically limited to the toy market?", "id": "56d08aa8234ae51400d9c36d", "answers": [{"text": "the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air. As sunlight shines on the balloon, the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force, much like an artificially heated hot air balloon. Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited to the toy market as the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high."}], ["Kuasa solar adalah penukaran cahaya matahari ke dalam elektrik, sama ada secara langsung menggunakan fotovoltaik (PV), atau secara tidak langsung menggunakan kuasa suria pekat (CSP). Sistem CSP menggunakan kanta atau cermin dan sistem penjejakan untuk menumpukan kawasan besar cahaya matahari ke dalam rasuk kecil. PV menukar cahaya ke arus elektrik menggunakan kesan fotoelektrik. <> Apakah kuasa solar? || penukaran cahaya matahari ke dalam elektrik <> Bagaimana sinar matahari ditukar kepada elektrik? || sama ada secara langsung menggunakan fotovoltaik (PV), atau secara tidak langsung menggunakan kuasa solar pekat (CSP) <> Apa gunanya menggunakan sistem tenaga solar? || kanta atau cermin dan sistem pengesanan <> Apakah tujuan sistem tenaga suria tertumpu? || menumpukan kawasan besar cahaya matahari ke dalam rasuk kecil <> Apakah kaedah yang digunakan oleh sistem photovoltaics untuk menghidupkan cahaya ke dalam elektrik? || kesan fotoelektrik", {"qas": [{"question": "What is solar power?", "id": "56d005e1234ae51400d9c287", "answers": [{"text": "conversion of sunlight into electricity", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is sunlight converted into electricity?", "id": "56d005e1234ae51400d9c288", "answers": [{"text": "either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP)", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does a concentrated solar power system use?", "id": "56d005e1234ae51400d9c289", "answers": [{"text": "lenses or mirrors and tracking systems", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the purpose of a concentrated solar power system?", "id": "56d005e1234ae51400d9c28a", "answers": [{"text": "focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What method does the photovoltaics system use to turn light into electricity?", "id": "56d005e1234ae51400d9c28b", "answers": [{"text": "photoelectric effect", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect."}], ["Pada tahun 2000, Program Pembangunan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa, Jabatan Ekonomi dan Sosial PBB, dan Majlis Tenaga Dunia menerbitkan anggaran tenaga solar yang potensial yang dapat digunakan oleh manusia setiap tahun yang mengambil kira faktor-faktor seperti insolation, cover cloud, dan tanah yang boleh digunakan oleh manusia. Anggaran mendapati bahawa tenaga solar mempunyai potensi global 1,575-49,837 EJ setahun (lihat jadual di bawah). <> Apakah faktor yang diambil kira dalam anggaran yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2000 tentang tenaga solar? || insolasi, penutup awan, dan tanah yang boleh digunakan oleh manusia <> Berapakah jumlah tenaga solar yang dapat dijumpai dalam perkiraan? || 1,575-49,837 EJ setahun", {"qas": [{"question": "What factors were taken into account in the estimate published in 2000 on solar energy?", "id": "56cfe547234ae51400d9c029", "answers": [{"text": "insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the total potential of solar energy found in the estimate?", "id": "56cfe547234ae51400d9c02a", "answers": [{"text": "1,575\u201349,837 EJ per year", "answer_start": 379}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2000, the United Nations Development Programme, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and World Energy Council published an estimate of the potential solar energy that could be used by humans each year that took into account factors such as insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans. The estimate found that solar energy has a global potential of 1,575\u201349,837 EJ per year (see table below)."}], ["Di samping itu, ketersediaan tanah mempunyai kesan yang besar terhadap tenaga solar yang ada kerana panel solar hanya boleh ditubuhkan di atas tanah yang tidak diketahui dan sesuai untuk panel solar. Bumbung telah dijumpai sebagai tempat yang sesuai untuk sel suria, kerana banyak orang telah mendapati bahawa mereka dapat mengumpul tenaga secara langsung dari rumah mereka dengan cara ini. Kawasan lain yang sesuai untuk sel solar adalah tanah yang tidak diketahui oleh perniagaan di mana tumbuh-tumbuhan solar boleh ditubuhkan. <> Mengapa ketersediaan tanah mempunyai kesan ke atas tenaga solar? || Panel solar hanya boleh ditubuhkan di atas tanah yang tidak dikenali dan sesuai untuk panel suria <> Mengapa bumbung adalah tempat yang baik untuk panel solar? || ramai orang telah mendapati bahawa mereka boleh mengumpul tenaga secara langsung dari rumah mereka dengan cara ini", {"qas": [{"question": "Why does land availability have an effect on solar energy?", "id": "56cfbd75234ae51400d9bf3d", "answers": [{"text": "solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why are roofs a good place for solar panels?", "id": "56cfbd75234ae51400d9bf3e", "answers": [{"text": "many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their homes this way", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In addition, land availability has a large effect on the available solar energy because solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels. Roofs have been found to be a suitable place for solar cells, as many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their homes this way. Other areas that are suitable for solar cells are lands that are unowned by businesses where solar plants can be established."}], ["Ini adalah sumber tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui dan teknologinya secara umum dicirikan sebagai sama ada pasif solar atau solar aktif bergantung pada cara mereka menangkap dan mengedarkan tenaga solar atau mengubahnya menjadi kuasa suria. Teknik solar yang aktif termasuk penggunaan sistem fotovoltaik, kuasa solar pekat dan pemanasan air solar untuk memanfaatkan tenaga. Teknik solar pasif termasuk menyusun bangunan ke Matahari, memilih bahan dengan jisim terma atau sifat penyebaran cahaya yang baik, dan mereka bentuk ruang yang secara semula jadi mengedarkan udara. <> Apakah teknologi yang digunakan untuk menangkap ciri tenaga solar? || pasif solar atau solar aktif <> Apakah beberapa teknik solar yang digunakan untuk memanfaatkan tenaga solar? || sistem fotovoltaik, kuasa suria pekat dan pemanasan air suria <> Apakah satu contoh teknik solar pasif? || mengarahkan bangunan ke Matahari", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the technologies used to capture solar energy characterized as?", "id": "56ce9211aab44d1400b88893", "answers": [{"text": "passive solar or active solar", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some active solar techniques used to harness solar energy?", "id": "56ce9211aab44d1400b88894", "answers": [{"text": "photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of a passive solar technique?", "id": "56ce9211aab44d1400b88895", "answers": [{"text": "orienting a building to the Sun", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air."}], ["Pada tahun 2011, Agensi Tenaga Antarabangsa berkata bahawa \"pembangunan teknologi tenaga solar yang berpatutan, tidak habis-habis dan bersih akan mempunyai manfaat jangka panjang yang lebih besar. Ini akan meningkatkan keselamatan tenaga negara melalui pergantungan kepada sumber bebas asli, tidak habis-habis dan kebanyakannya bebas daripada import, meningkatkan kemapanan, mengurangkan pencemaran, mengurangkan kos pemanasan global, dan memelihara harga bahan api fosil yang lebih rendah dari yang lain. Kelebihan ini adalah global. Oleh itu, kos tambahan insentif untuk penggunaan awal perlu dipertimbangkan sebagai pelaburan pembelajaran; perlu dikongsi secara meluas \". <> Bagaimana tenaga suria meningkatkan keselamatan tenaga? || melalui pergantungan pada sumber asli, tidak habis-habisnya dan kebanyakannya bebas daripada impor <> Apakah kos akan tenaga solar lebih rendah? || kos mengurangkan pemanasan global <> Apakah kos insentif untuk menghasilkan tenaga solar dipertimbangkan? || pembelajaran pelaburan <> Apa kesannya tenaga suria mempunyai harga bahan bakar fosil? || menyimpan harga bahan api fosil yang lebih rendah daripada yang lain", {"qas": [{"question": "How will solar energy increase energy security?", "id": "56cfb40b234ae51400d9bea3", "answers": [{"text": "through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What costs will solar energy lower?", "id": "56cfb40b234ae51400d9bea4", "answers": [{"text": "the costs of mitigating global warming", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What should the cost of incentives for producing solar energy be considered?", "id": "56cfb40b234ae51400d9bea5", "answers": [{"text": "learning investments", "answer_start": 557}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What effect will solar energy have on the price of fossil fuels?", "id": "56cfb40b234ae51400d9bea6", "answers": [{"text": "keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise", "answer_start": 395}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that \"the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase countries\u2019 energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating global warming, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise. These advantages are global. Hence the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment should be considered learning investments; they must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared\"."}], ["Kesan geografi kesan tenaga solar kerana kawasan yang lebih dekat dengan khatulistiwa mempunyai jumlah sinaran suria yang lebih besar. Walau bagaimanapun, penggunaan fotovoltaik yang boleh mengikuti kedudukan matahari dapat meningkatkan potensi tenaga solar di kawasan-kawasan yang lebih jauh dari khatulistiwa. Perubahan masa memberi kesan kepada potensi tenaga solar kerana pada waktu malam terdapat sedikit sinaran suria di permukaan bumi untuk panel solar untuk diserap. Ini mengehadkan jumlah tenaga yang boleh diserap oleh panel solar dalam satu hari. Perlindungan awan boleh memberi kesan kepada potensi panel solar kerana awan menyekat cahaya masuk dari matahari dan mengurangkan cahaya yang tersedia untuk sel solar. <> Mengapa geografi mempunyai kesan jumlah tenaga solar yang tersedia? || kawasan yang lebih dekat dengan khatulistiwa mempunyai jumlah sinaran suria yang lebih besar <> Apa proses yang dipanggil yang boleh meningkatkan tenaga solar di kawasan-kawasan yang jauh dari khatulistiwa bumi? || photovoltaics <> Mengapa masa mempunyai kesan jumlah tenaga solar yang ada? || pada waktu malam terdapat sedikit sinaran suria di permukaan bumi untuk panel solar menyerap <> Apa kesan perlindungan liputan terhadap jumlah tenaga solar yang ada? || awan menghalang cahaya masuk dari matahari dan mengurangkan cahaya yang tersedia untuk sel suria", {"qas": [{"question": "Why does geography have an effect of the amount of solar energy available?", "id": "56cfbc7f234ae51400d9bf33", "answers": [{"text": "areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the process called that can increase solar energy in areas further away from the earth's equator?", "id": "56cfbc7f234ae51400d9bf34", "answers": [{"text": "photovoltaics", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why does time have an effect of the amount of available solar energy?", "id": "56cfbc7f234ae51400d9bf35", "answers": [{"text": "during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What effect does cloud coverage have on the amount of solar energy available?", "id": "56cfbc7f234ae51400d9bf36", "answers": [{"text": "clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells", "answer_start": 605}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation. However, the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator. Time variation effects the potential of solar energy because during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb. This limits the amount of energy that solar panels can absorb in one day. Cloud cover can effect the potential of solar panels because clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells."}], ["Bermula dengan peningkatan penggunaan arang batu yang disertai Revolusi Perindustrian, penggunaan tenaga telah beralih dari kayu dan biomas kepada bahan api fosil. Perkembangan awal teknologi solar bermula pada tahun 1860-an didorong oleh jangkaan bahawa arang batu akan menjadi langka. Walau bagaimanapun, perkembangan teknologi suria tidak stabil pada awal abad ke-20 dalam menghadapi peningkatan ketersediaan, ekonomi, dan utiliti arang batu dan petroleum. <> Mengapa teknologi solar berkembang pada tahun 1860-an? || didorong oleh jangkaan bahawa batubara akan menjadi jarang <> Apa yang memperlambat pembangunan teknologi suria pada awal abad ke-20? || meningkatkan ketersediaan, ekonomi dan utiliti arang batu dan petroleum", {"qas": [{"question": "Why was solar technology developed in the 1860s?", "id": "56d09354234ae51400d9c3aa", "answers": [{"text": "driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What slowed the development of solar technologies in the early 20th century?", "id": "56d09354234ae51400d9c3ab", "answers": [{"text": "increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum", "answer_start": 395}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beginning with the surge in coal use which accompanied the Industrial Revolution, energy consumption has steadily transitioned from wood and biomass to fossil fuels. The early development of solar technologies starting in the 1860s was driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce. However, development of solar technologies stagnated in the early 20th century in the face of the increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum."}], ["Pada tahun 2011, laporan oleh Agensi Tenaga Antarabangsa mendapati bahawa teknologi tenaga suria seperti fotovoltaik, air panas suria dan tenaga solar pekat boleh memberi satu pertiga daripada tenaga dunia menjelang 2060 jika ahli politik melakukan pembatasan perubahan iklim. Tenaga dari matahari dapat memainkan peranan penting dalam memulihkan ekonomi global bersama peningkatan kecekapan tenaga dan mengenakan kos pada pemancar gas rumah hijau. \"Kekuatan solar adalah pelbagai dan fleksibiliti aplikasi yang luar biasa, dari skala kecil hingga skala besar\". <> Menurut laporan pada tahun 2011, berapa tahun tenaga solar dapat memberikan satu pertiga tenaga dunia? || 2060 <> Apa yang boleh dilakukan oleh tenaga matahari untuk membantu mengehadkan perubahan iklim? || boleh memainkan peranan utama dalam memulihkan ekonomi global bersama-sama dengan penambahbaikan dalam kecekapan tenaga dan mengenakan kos untuk pemancar gas rumah hijau", {"qas": [{"question": "According to a report in 2011, by what year could solar energy provide a third of the world's energy?", "id": "56d09a0e234ae51400d9c3c2", "answers": [{"text": "2060", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What could the sun's energy do to help limit climate change?", "id": "56d09a0e234ae51400d9c3c3", "answers": [{"text": "could play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2011, a report by the International Energy Agency found that solar energy technologies such as photovoltaics, solar hot water and concentrated solar power could provide a third of the world\u2019s energy by 2060 if politicians commit to limiting climate change. The energy from the sun could play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters. \"The strength of solar is the incredible variety and flexibility of applications, from small scale to big scale\"."}]], [["Kanye Omari West (/ k\u0251\u02d0nje\u026a /; dilahirkan pada 8 Jun 1977) ialah artis rakaman hip hop Amerika, pengeluar rekod, rapper, pereka fesyen, dan usahawan. Dia adalah antara ahli muzik yang paling terkenal pada abad ke-21, yang menarik pujian dan kontroversi untuk karyanya dan persepsi orang awamnya. <> Tahun apa kelahiran? || 1977 <> Apa jenis muzik yang dilakukan Kanye West? || hip hop <> Apakah nama tengah Kanye West? || Omari <> Bilakah hari jadi Kanye West? || 8 Jun 1977", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was Kanye born?", "id": "56cf4da7aab44d1400b88f86", "answers": [{"text": "1977", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of music does Kanye West perform?", "id": "56d0f35817492d1400aab693", "answers": [{"text": "hip hop", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Kanye West's middle name?", "id": "56d0f35817492d1400aab694", "answers": [{"text": "Omari", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When is Kanye West's birthday?", "id": "56d0f35817492d1400aab695", "answers": [{"text": "June 8, 1977", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Kanye Omari West (/\u02c8k\u0251\u02d0nje\u026a/; born June 8, 1977) is an American hip hop recording artist, record producer, rapper, fashion designer, and entrepreneur. He is among the most acclaimed musicians of the 21st century, attracting both praise and controversy for his work and his outspoken public persona."}], ["Pada usia 10 tahun, West berpindah bersama ibunya ke Nanjing, China, di mana dia mengajar di Universiti Nanjing sebagai sebahagian daripada program pertukaran. Menurut ibunya, West adalah satu-satunya orang asing di kelasnya, tetapi menetap di dalam bahasa yang baik dan dengan cepat mengambil alih bahasa itu, walaupun sejak itu ia telah melupakan kebanyakannya. Apabila ditanya mengenai grednya di sekolah menengah, West menjawab, \"Saya mendapat A dan B. Dan saya tidak pun frontin '.\" <> Di mana Kanye dan ibunya berpindah ketika dia berusia 10 tahun? || Nanjing, China <> Semasa tinggal di China, Kanye adalah satu-satunya di kelasnya? || orang asing <> Seberapa baik dilakukan Kanye di sekolah menengah? || A's and B's <> Pada usia berapa Kanye West berpindah ke China? || 10 <> Apa Universiti adalah punca ibu West memindahkan keluarga ke China? || Universiti Nanjing", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did Kanye and his mother relocate when he was 10?", "id": "56cf5ee8aab44d1400b8915d", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing, China", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "While staying in China, Kanye was the only what in his class?", "id": "56cf5ee8aab44d1400b8915e", "answers": [{"text": "foreigner", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How well did Kanye do in high school?", "id": "56cf5ee8aab44d1400b8915f", "answers": [{"text": "A's and B's", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what age did Kanye West relocate to China?", "id": "56d0fb7817492d1400aab6dd", "answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What University was the cause of West's mother moving the family to China?", "id": "56d0fb7817492d1400aab6de", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing University", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At the age of 10, West moved with his mother to Nanjing, China, where she was teaching at Nanjing University as part of an exchange program. According to his mother, West was the only foreigner in his class, but settled in well and quickly picked up the language, although he has since forgotten most of it. When asked about his grades in high school, West replied, \"I got A's and B's. And I'm not even frontin'.\""}], ["West mendapat rehat besarnya pada tahun 2000, ketika ia mulai menghasilkan artis-artis di Roc-A-Fella Records. Barat datang untuk mencapai pengiktirafan dan sering dikreditkan dengan menghidupkan semula karier Jay-Z dengan sumbangannya kepada album rapper rap 2001 yang berpengaruh The Blueprint. Rangka Tindakan ini secara konsisten berada di kedudukan antara album hip-hop terbesar, dan kejayaan kritikal dan kewangan album itu menjana minat yang besar di Barat sebagai pengeluar. Berkhidmat sebagai pengeluar dalaman untuk Rekod Roc-A-Fella, Barat menghasilkan rekod untuk artis lain dari label, termasuk Beanie Sigel, Freeway, dan Cam'ron. Dia juga membuat lagu-lagu hit untuk Ludacris, Alicia Keys, dan Janet Jackson. <> Label apa yang Kanye mula berfungsi pada tahun 2000? || Rekod Roc-A-Fella <> Album apa yang Kanye menerima kredit pengeluaran pada tahun 2001? || Rangka Tindakan <> Dalam tahun apakah Roc-A-Fella membuat Kanye West diketahui? || 2000 <> Apakah nama CD West dihasilkan untuk Jay Z pada tahun 2001? || Rangka Tindakan itu", {"qas": [{"question": "What label did Kanye begin to work for in 2000?", "id": "56cf61d7aab44d1400b891ad", "answers": [{"text": "Roc-A-Fella Records", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What album did Kanye receive production credits on in 2001?", "id": "56cf61d7aab44d1400b891ae", "answers": [{"text": "The Blueprint", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Roc-A-Fella make Kanye West known?", "id": "56d1015e17492d1400aab70e", "answers": [{"text": "2000", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the CD West produced for Jay Z in 2001?", "id": "56d1015e17492d1400aab70f", "answers": [{"text": "The Blueprint", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West got his big break in the year 2000, when he began to produce for artists on Roc-A-Fella Records. West came to achieve recognition and is often credited with revitalizing Jay-Z's career with his contributions to the rap mogul's influential 2001 album The Blueprint. The Blueprint is consistently ranked among the greatest hip-hop albums, and the critical and financial success of the album generated substantial interest in West as a producer. Serving as an in-house producer for Roc-A-Fella Records, West produced records for other artists from the label, including Beanie Sigel, Freeway, and Cam'ron. He also crafted hit songs for Ludacris, Alicia Keys, and Janet Jackson."}], ["Selepas menamatkan pengajian dari sekolah menengah, West menerima biasiswa untuk menghadiri Akademi Seni Amerika Chicago pada tahun 1997 dan mula mengambil kelas lukisan, tetapi tidak lama selepas dipindahkan ke Chicago State University untuk belajar bahasa Inggeris. Dia tidak lama lagi menyedari bahawa jadual kelasnya yang sibuk itu memudaratkan kerja muziknya, dan pada usia 20 tahun dia keluar dari kolej untuk mengejar impian muziknya. Tindakan ini sangat tidak menyenangkan ibunya, yang juga seorang profesor di universiti. Dia kemudian mengomentari, \"Ia telah ditumbuk ke kepala saya bahawa kolej adalah tiket untuk kehidupan yang baik ... tetapi beberapa matlamat kerjaya tidak memerlukan kolej.Untuk Kanye untuk membuat album yang dipanggil College Dropout itu lebih lanjut mengenai mempunyai keberanian untuk memeluk siapa anda, bukannya mengikuti jalan masyarakat yang telah diukir untuk anda. \" <> Di mana Kanye menerima biasiswa untuk hadir? || Akademi Seni Amerika <> Berapa lama Kanye ketika dia keluar dari kolej? || 20 <> Sekolah apakah yang dilakukan Kanye West pada tahun 1997? || Akademi Seni Amerika Chicago <> Apa yang menjadi tumpuan Kanye West di Chicago State University? || Bahasa Inggeris <> Pada umur berapa Kanye West meninggalkan sekolah untuk mengikuti semangat muziknya? || 20 <> Apa nama CD yang direkodkan oleh Kanye berdasarkan pengalaman kolejnya yang gagal? || Dropout Kolej", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did Kanye receive a scholarship to attend?", "id": "56cf5fc7aab44d1400b89173", "answers": [{"text": "American Academy of Art", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old was Kanye when he dropped out of college?", "id": "56cf5fc7aab44d1400b89174", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What school did Kanye West go to in 1997?", "id": "56d0fdf617492d1400aab6fd", "answers": [{"text": "Chicago's American Academy of Art", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What subject was Kanye West's focus at Chicago State University?", "id": "56d0fdf617492d1400aab6fe", "answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what age did Kanye West leave school to follow his musical passion?", "id": "56d0fdf617492d1400aab6ff", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the CD that Kanye recorded based on his failed college experience?", "id": "56d0fdf617492d1400aab700", "answers": [{"text": "College Dropout", "answer_start": 636}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After graduating from high school, West received a scholarship to attend Chicago's American Academy of Art in 1997 and began taking painting classes, but shortly after transferred to Chicago State University to study English. He soon realized that his busy class schedule was detrimental to his musical work, and at 20 he dropped out of college to pursue his musical dreams. This action greatly displeased his mother, who was also a professor at the university. She later commented, \"It was drummed into my head that college is the ticket to a good life... but some career goals don't require college. For Kanye to make an album called College Dropout it was more about having the guts to embrace who you are, rather than following the path society has carved out for you.\""}], ["Barat menunjukkan pertalian untuk seni pada usia dini; dia mula menulis puisi ketika berusia lima tahun. Ibunya teringat bahawa dia mula-mula memperhatikan keghairahan Barat untuk lukisan dan muzik ketika dia berada di kelas ketiga. Berkembang di bandar, [yang mana] Barat menjadi sangat terlibat dalam adegan hip hopnya. Dia mula berkelahi di kelas ketiga dan mula membuat komposisi muzik di kelas tujuh, akhirnya menjualnya kepada artis lain. Pada usia tiga belas, West menulis lagu rap yang dipanggil \"Telur Hijau dan Ham\" dan mula memujuk ibunya membayar $ 25 sejam untuk masa di studio rakaman. Ia adalah sebuah studio bawah tanah yang kecil di mana mikrofon digantung dari siling oleh penyangkut pakaian wayar. Walaupun ini bukan apa yang dikehendaki ibu Barat, dia tetap menyokongnya. Jalan melintasi Barat dengan pengeluar / DJ No I.D., dengan siapa dia cepat membentuk persahabatan yang erat. Tiada I.D. tidak lama lagi menjadi mentor Barat, dan ia adalah dari dia yang Barat belajar bagaimana untuk sampel dan program berdegup selepas dia menerima sampler pertamanya pada usia 15. <> Apa yang dibuat Kanye ketika dia berusia lima tahun? || puisi <> Apa salah satu lagu pertama yang ditulis oleh Kanye ketika dia berusia 13 tahun? || \"Telur Hijau dan Ham\" <> Siapa yang Kanye bertemu awal dalam kerjayanya yang kemudian mentor dia? || DJ No I.D. <> Kegiatan apa yang dilakukan Kanye West ketika dia berusia lima tahun? || menulis puisi <> Apakah nama lagu yang dia tulis pada usia tiga belas tahun? || Telur Hijau dan Ham <> Apakah nama pengeluar yang membantu Kanye West? || Tiada I.D.", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Kanye creating when he was five?", "id": "56cf5f6daab44d1400b89163", "answers": [{"text": "poetry", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was one of the first tracks written by Kanye when he was 13?", "id": "56cf5f6daab44d1400b89164", "answers": [{"text": "\"Green Eggs and Ham\"", "answer_start": 499}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Kanye meet early in his career who later mentored him?", "id": "56cf5f6daab44d1400b89165", "answers": [{"text": "DJ No I.D.", "answer_start": 821}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What activity did Kanye West start doing when he was five?", "id": "56d0fccf17492d1400aab6f5", "answers": [{"text": "writing poetry", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the song he wrote at age thirteen?", "id": "56d0fccf17492d1400aab6f7", "answers": [{"text": "Green Eggs and Ham", "answer_start": 500}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the producer that helped Kanye West?", "id": "56d0fccf17492d1400aab6f8", "answers": [{"text": "No I.D.", "answer_start": 824}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West demonstrated an affinity for the arts at an early age; he began writing poetry when he was five years old. His mother recalled that she first took notice of West's passion for drawing and music when he was in the third grade. Growing up in the city,[which?] West became deeply involved in its hip hop scene. He started rapping in the third grade and began making musical compositions in the seventh grade, eventually selling them to other artists. At age thirteen, West wrote a rap song called \"Green Eggs and Ham\" and began to persuade his mother to pay $25 an hour for time in a recording studio. It was a small, crude basement studio where a microphone hung from the ceiling by a wire clothes hanger. Although this wasn't what West's mother wanted, she nonetheless supported him. West crossed paths with producer/DJ No I.D., with whom he quickly formed a close friendship. No I.D. soon became West's mentor, and it was from him that West learned how to sample and program beats after he received his first sampler at age 15."}], ["West menghabiskan sebahagian besar rekod pembuatan akhir tahun 1990-an untuk beberapa artis terkenal dan kumpulan muzik. Lagu ketiga pada album studio Foxy Brown yang kedua Chyna Doll dihasilkan oleh Barat. Usaha kedua beliau kemudiannya menjadi album hip-hop pertama oleh seorang rapper wanita untuk debut di bahagian atas carta Billboard A.S. A 200 pada minggu pertama pembebasannya. West menghasilkan tiga trek di album pertama dan satu-satunya Harlem World The Movement bersama Jermaine Dupri dan pelakon Trackmasters. Lagu-lagunya menampilkan rappers Nas, Drag-On, dan penyanyi R & B Carl Thomas. Lagu kesembilan dari World Party, album Goodie Mob terakhir yang menampilkan empat anggota pengasas kumpulan rap sebelum pemecatan mereka, dihasilkan bersama oleh West dengan pengurusnya, Deric \"D-Dot\" Angelettie. Pada akhir milenium, West akhirnya menghasilkan enam lagu untuk Tell 'Em Why U Madd, sebuah album yang dikeluarkan oleh D-Dot di bawah alias The Madd Rapper; watak fiksyen yang dia buat untuk drama di The Life of Death album studio kedua dan terakhir The Notorious B.I.G. Lagu Barat menampilkan penampilan tetamu dari rapper seperti Ma $ e, Raekwon, dan Eminem. <> Kanye menghasilkan lagu ketiga dari album kedua artis apa? || Foxy Brown <> Apa rappers dipaparkan dalam lagu-lagu yang dihasilkan Kanye untuk Tell 'Em Why U Madd? || Ma $ e, Raekwon, dan Eminem. <> Di manakah topan carta Billboard 200 A.S. telah membuat lagu untuk Kanye West? || Foxy Brown <> Apakah nama CD yang dihasilkan oleh Kanye yang dibuat oleh watak yang dibuat? || Beritahu 'Em Mengapa U Madd", {"qas": [{"question": "Kanye produced the third song from the second album of what artist?", "id": "56cf6141aab44d1400b89195", "answers": [{"text": "Foxy Brown", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What rappers were featured in the songs that Kanye produced for Tell 'Em Why U Madd?", "id": "56cf6141aab44d1400b89198", "answers": [{"text": "Ma$e, Raekwon, and Eminem.", "answer_start": 1117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which U.S. Billboard 200 chart topper did Kanye West produce a song for?", "id": "56d100b517492d1400aab708", "answers": [{"text": "Foxy Brown", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the CD produced by Kanye that was by a made-up character?", "id": "56d100b517492d1400aab70a", "answers": [{"text": "Tell 'Em Why U Madd", "answer_start": 845}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West spent much of the late-1990s producing records for a number of well-known artists and music groups. The third song on Foxy Brown's second studio album Chyna Doll was produced by West. Her second effort subsequently became the very first hip-hop album by a female rapper to debut at the top of the U.S. Billboard 200 chart in its first week of release. West produced three of the tracks on Harlem World's first and only album The Movement alongside Jermaine Dupri and the production duo Trackmasters. His songs featured rappers Nas, Drag-On, and R&B singer Carl Thomas. The ninth track from World Party, the last Goodie Mob album to feature the rap group's four founding members prior to their break-up, was co-produced by West with his manager Deric \"D-Dot\" Angelettie. At the close of the millennium, West ended up producing six songs for Tell 'Em Why U Madd, an album that was released by D-Dot under the alias of The Madd Rapper; a fictional character he created for a skit on The Notorious B.I.G.'s second and final studio album Life After Death. West's songs featured guest appearances from rappers such as Ma$e, Raekwon, and Eminem."}], ["Kanye Omari West dilahirkan pada 8 Jun 1977 di Atlanta, Georgia. Orang tuanya bercerai apabila dia berusia tiga tahun dan dia dan ibunya berpindah ke Chicago, Illinois. Bapanya, Ray West, adalah bekas Black Panther dan merupakan salah satu daripada jurnalisme hitam pertama di The Atlanta Journal-Perlembagaan. Ray West kemudian menjadi kaunselor Kristian, dan pada tahun 2006, membuka Kedai Air dan Caf\u00e9 yang Baik di Lexington Park, Maryland dengan modal permulaan daripada anak lelakinya. Ibu West, Dr. Donda C. (Williams) West, seorang profesor Bahasa Inggeris di Clark Atlanta University, dan Pengerusi Jabatan Bahasa Inggeris di Chicago State University sebelum bersara untuk berkhidmat sebagai pengurusnya. Barat dibesarkan di latar belakang kelas menengah, menghadiri Sekolah Tinggi Polaris di pinggir bandar Oak Lawn, Illinois selepas tinggal di Chicago. <> Subjek apa yang mengajar ibu Kanye di universitinya? || Bahasa Inggeris <> Apa bandar Georgia yang lahir Kanye West? || Atlanta <> Apa nama perniagaan yang Kanye West membantu dana pada tahun 2006? || Kedai Air yang Baik dan Kafe <> Di mana ibu Kanye West bekerja sebelum menjadi pengurusnya? || University of Chicago <> Apa nama sekolah tinggi Kanye West? || Sekolah Menengah Polaris", {"qas": [{"question": "What subject did Kanye's mother teach at her university?", "id": "56cf5e7eaab44d1400b89158", "answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 504}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Georgia city was Kanye West born?", "id": "56d0fb0317492d1400aab6c9", "answers": [{"text": "Atlanta", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the business that Kanye West helped fund in 2006?", "id": "56d0fb0317492d1400aab6cb", "answers": [{"text": "Good Water Store and Caf\u00e9", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Kanye West's mother work before becoming his manager?", "id": "56d0fb0317492d1400aab6cc", "answers": [{"text": "Chicago State University", "answer_start": 584}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Kanye West's high school?", "id": "56d0fb0317492d1400aab6cd", "answers": [{"text": "Polaris High School", "answer_start": 706}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Kanye Omari West was born on June 8, 1977 in Atlanta, Georgia. His parents divorced when he was three and he and his mother moved to Chicago, Illinois. His father, Ray West, is a former Black Panther and was one of the first black photojournalists at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Ray West was later a Christian counselor, and in 2006, opened the Good Water Store and Caf\u00e9 in Lexington Park, Maryland with startup capital from his son. West's mother, Dr. Donda C. (Williams) West, was a professor of English at Clark Atlanta University, and the Chair of the English Department at Chicago State University before retiring to serve as his manager. West was raised in a middle-class background, attending Polaris High School in suburban Oak Lawn, Illinois after living in Chicago."}], ["West adalah salah satu artis terlaris sepanjang zaman, telah menjual lebih daripada 32 juta album dan 100 juta muat turun digital di seluruh dunia. Beliau telah memenangi sejumlah 21 Anugerah Grammy, menjadikannya salah seorang seniman yang paling banyak dianugerahkan sepanjang masa dan artis paling banyak diberikan Grammy pada zamannya. Tiga daripada albumnya berada di senarai Rolling Stone's 2012 \"500 Album Terbesar Sepanjang Masa\"; dua albumnya pada mulanya dan kelapan, masing-masing, dalam Pitchfork Media's 100 Album Terbaik 2010-2014. Beliau juga telah dimasukkan ke dalam beberapa senarai tahunan Forbes. Masa menamakannya salah satu daripada 100 orang yang paling berpengaruh di dunia pada tahun 2005 dan 2015. <> Berapa banyak album yang telah dijual oleh Kanye? || 32 juta <> Berapa banyak muat turun lagu-lagu Kanye di seluruh dunia? || 100 juta <> Kanye dikenal kerana mempunyai apa jenis penghargaan untuk umurnya? || Grammy <> Berapa banyak album yang ada di Kanye dalam senarai \"500 Album Terbesar Sepanjang Masa\"? || 3 <> Apa majalah popular yang meletakkan Kanye pada senarai tahunan mereka pada tahun 2005 dan 2015? || Masa <> Berapa banyak CD yang dijual Kanye West? || 32 juta <> Berapa banyak Grammy Awards yang dimenangi Kanye West? || 21 <> Berapa banyak album Kanye West yang diiktiraf oleh Majalah Rolling Stone? || 3 <> Tahun yang mana Kanye West disebutkan dalam Majalah Time? || 2005 dan 2015", {"qas": [{"question": "How many albums has Kanye sold?", "id": "56cf58f7aab44d1400b890b5", "answers": [{"text": "32 million", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many downloads do Kanye's tracks have across the globe?", "id": "56cf58f7aab44d1400b890b6", "answers": [{"text": "100 million", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Kanye is known for having the most of what type of award for his age?", "id": "56cf58f7aab44d1400b890b7", "answers": [{"text": "Grammy", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many albums does Kanye have on the \"500 Greatest Albums of All Time\" list?", "id": "56cf58f7aab44d1400b890b8", "answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What popular magazine placed Kanye on their annual list in 2005 and 2015?", "id": "56cf58f7aab44d1400b890b9", "answers": [{"text": "Time", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many CDs has Kanye West sold?", "id": "56d0f8a117492d1400aab6ad", "answers": [{"text": "32 million", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Grammy Awards has Kanye West won?", "id": "56d0f8a117492d1400aab6ae", "answers": [{"text": "21", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of Kanye West's albums were recognized by Rolling Stone Magazine?", "id": "56d0f8a117492d1400aab6af", "answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which years was Kanye West mentioned in Time Magazine?", "id": "56d0f8a117492d1400aab6b0", "answers": [{"text": "2005 and 2015", "answer_start": 617}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West is one of the best-selling artists of all time, having sold more than 32 million albums and 100 million digital downloads worldwide. He has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all time and the most Grammy-awarded artist of his age. Three of his albums rank on Rolling Stone's 2012 \"500 Greatest Albums of All Time\" list; two of his albums feature at first and eighth, respectively, in Pitchfork Media's The 100 Best Albums of 2010\u20132014. He has also been included in a number of Forbes annual lists. Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2005 and 2015."}], ["Dibesarkan di Chicago, West secara ringkas menghadiri sekolah seni sebelum menjadi terkenal sebagai pengeluar Roc-A-Fella Records pada awal tahun 2000, menghasilkan single hit untuk artis seperti Jay-Z dan Alicia Keys. Hasrat untuk mengejar kerjaya solo sebagai rapper, West mengeluarkan album debutnya The College Dropout pada tahun 2004 untuk kejayaan komersial dan kritikal yang meluas, dan mendirikan label rekod GOOD Music. Dia meneroka pelbagai gaya muzik yang berbeza pada album-album berikutnya yang termasuk Pendaftaran Lewat Barok (2005), Graduation yang diilhamkan oleh arena (2007), dan kepintaran 808s & Heartbreak (2008). Pada tahun 2010, beliau melancarkan album kelima yang diiktiraf sebagai kritikan My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, dan pada tahun berikutnya beliau bekerjasama dengan Jay-Z di LP Watch the Throne bersama (2011). Barat melancarkan album keenamnya yang mengerikan, Yeezus, untuk memuji lagi pada tahun 2013. Berikutan satu siri rakaman penangguhan dan kerja-kerja projek bukan muzik, album ketujuh West, The Life of Pablo, dikeluarkan pada tahun 2016. <> Apa yang pertama label yang dihasilkan oleh Kanye? || Rekod Roc-A-Fella <> Siapa artis terkenal yang Kanye dihasilkan awal dalam kerjayanya? || Jay-Z dan Alicia Keys <> Berapa banyak album yang telah dikeluarkan Kanye sejak memulakan kerjayanya solo pada tahun 2004? || 7 <> Dengan mana artis yang Kanye dahulunya dihasilkan untuk dia pergi untuk bekerjasama? || Jay-Z <> Di mana Kanye West hidup seperti kanak-kanak? || Chicago <> Apakah tajuk pekerjaan pertama Kanye West selepas sekolah seni? || pengeluar <> Tahun berapa Kanye West melepaskan CD rap pertamanya? || 2004 <> Berapa banyak jumlah CD yang telah dikeluarkan Kanye West dalam kerjayanya setakat ini? || 7", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the first label that Kanye produced for?", "id": "56cf4e9aaab44d1400b88f9a", "answers": [{"text": "Roc-A-Fella Records", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who are some well known artists that Kanye produced for early in his career?", "id": "56cf4e9aaab44d1400b88f9b", "answers": [{"text": "Jay-Z and Alicia Keys", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many albums has Kanye released since starting his solo career in 2004?", "id": "56cf4e9aaab44d1400b88f9c", "answers": [{"text": "7", "answer_start": 562}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With which artists that Kanye formerly produced for did he go on to collaborate with?", "id": "56cf4e9aaab44d1400b88f9d", "answers": [{"text": "Jay-Z", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Kanye West live as a child?", "id": "56d0f47a17492d1400aab699", "answers": [{"text": "Chicago", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Kanye West's first job title after art school?", "id": "56d0f47a17492d1400aab69a", "answers": [{"text": "producer", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Kanye West release his first rap CD?", "id": "56d0f47a17492d1400aab69b", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many total CDs has Kanye West released in his career so far?", "id": "56d0f47a17492d1400aab69d", "answers": [{"text": "7", "answer_start": 562}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Raised in Chicago, West briefly attended art school before becoming known as a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records in the early 2000s, producing hit singles for artists such as Jay-Z and Alicia Keys. Intent on pursuing a solo career as a rapper, West released his debut album The College Dropout in 2004 to widespread commercial and critical success, and founded record label GOOD Music. He went on to explore a variety of different musical styles on subsequent albums that included the baroque-inflected Late Registration (2005), the arena-inspired Graduation (2007), and the starkly polarizing 808s & Heartbreak (2008). In 2010, he released his critically acclaimed fifth album, the maximalist My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, and the following year he collaborated with Jay-Z on the joint LP Watch the Throne (2011). West released his abrasive sixth album, Yeezus, to further critical praise in 2013. Following a series of recording delays and work on non-musical projects, West's seventh album, The Life of Pablo, was released in 2016."}], ["Kanye West memulakan karier pengeluaran awalnya pada pertengahan 1990-an, yang membuat rentak terutamanya untuk mengembangkan artis tempatan, akhirnya mengembangkan gaya yang melibatkan mempercepatkan sampel suara dari rekod jiwa klasik. Kredit pengeluaran rasmi pertamanya muncul pada usia sembilan belas ketika dia menghasilkan lapan lagu di Down to Earth, album debut 1996 seorang rapper Chicago bernama Grav. Buat masa ini, West bertindak sebagai pengeluar hantu untuk Derick \"D-Dot\" Angelettie. Kerana hubungannya dengan D-Dot, West tidak dapat melepaskan album solo, jadi dia membentuk dan menjadi ahli dan pengeluar Go-Getters, sebuah kumpulan Rap Chicago 1990-an yang terdiri daripada dia, GLC, Timmy G , Really Doe, dan Arrowstar. Kumpulannya diurus oleh John \"Monopoly\" Johnson, Don Crowley, dan Happy Lewis di bawah firma pengurusan Hustle Period. Selepas menghadiri satu siri tangkapan foto promosi dan membuat beberapa penampilan radio, The Go-Getters mengeluarkan album studio pertama dan satu-satunya mereka Pemegang Rekod Dunia pada tahun 1999. Album ini menampilkan rapper berasaskan Chicago seperti Rhymefest, Mikkey Halsted, Miss Criss, dan Shayla G. Sementara itu, pengeluaran itu dikendalikan oleh West, Arrowstar, Boogz, dan Brian \"All Day\" Miller. <> Siapa yang mengalahkan Kanye pada 90-an yang asalnya? || artis tempatan <> Rekod jenis apa yang pernah dilakukan Kanye dalam kerjaya awalnya. || rekod jiwa klasik <> Apa kumpulan muzik yang menyertai Kanye menyertai apabila dia tidak dapat melepaskan album solonya? || Go-Getters <> Dalam apa tempoh masa Kery mula menghasilkan? || pertengahan 1990an <> Kanan West memulakan karier produksinya? || pertengahan tahun 1990-an <> Bagi artis mana yang bertindak Kanye West bertindak sebagai pengeluar hantu? || Deric \"D-Dot\" Angelettie <> Apa akhir tahun 1990an kumpulan rap Chicago adalah Kanye West seorang ahli? || Go-Getters <> Apa yang berjaya menguruskan kumpulan rap Kanye West? || Tempoh Hustle <> Tahun apakah album Go-Getters yang pertama dikeluarkan? || 1999", {"qas": [{"question": "Who were the beats Kanye made in the 90's originally intended for?", "id": "56cf6057aab44d1400b89177", "answers": [{"text": "local artists", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What types of records did Kanye sample in his early career.", "id": "56cf6057aab44d1400b89178", "answers": [{"text": "classic soul records", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What music group did Kanye join when he couldn't release his solo album?", "id": "56cf6057aab44d1400b8917a", "answers": [{"text": "Go-Getters", "answer_start": 587}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what time period did Kanye begin producing?", "id": "56d0fe7217492d1400aab705", "answers": [{"text": "mid-1990s", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Kanye West start his production career?", "id": "56d45f882ccc5a1400d830ef", "answers": [{"text": "mid-1990s", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For which artist did Kanye West act as a ghost producer? ", "id": "56d45f882ccc5a1400d830f0", "answers": [{"text": "Deric \"D-Dot\" Angelettie", "answer_start": 427}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What late 1990s Chicago rap group was Kanye West a member of?", "id": "56d45f882ccc5a1400d830f1", "answers": [{"text": "Go-Getters", "answer_start": 587}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What firm managed Kanye West's rap group? ", "id": "56d45f882ccc5a1400d830f2", "answers": [{"text": "Hustle Period", "answer_start": 793}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the first Go-Getters album released? ", "id": "56d45f882ccc5a1400d830f3", "answers": [{"text": "1999", "answer_start": 978}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Kanye West began his early production career in the mid-1990s, making beats primarily for burgeoning local artists, eventually developing a style that involved speeding up vocal samples from classic soul records. His first official production credits came at the age of nineteen when he produced eight tracks on Down to Earth, the 1996 debut album of a Chicago rapper named Grav. For a time, West acted as a ghost producer for Deric \"D-Dot\" Angelettie. Because of his association with D-Dot, West wasn't able to release a solo album, so he formed and became a member and producer of the Go-Getters, a late-1990s Chicago rap group composed of him, GLC, Timmy G, Really Doe, and Arrowstar. His group was managed by John \"Monopoly\" Johnson, Don Crowley, and Happy Lewis under the management firm Hustle Period. After attending a series of promotional photo shoots and making some radio appearances, The Go-Getters released their first and only studio album World Record Holders in 1999. The album featured other Chicago-based rappers such as Rhymefest, Mikkey Halsted, Miss Criss, and Shayla G. Meanwhile, the production was handled by West, Arrowstar, Boogz, and Brian \"All Day\" Miller."}], ["Walaupun kejayaannya sebagai pengeluar, aspirasi sebenar West adalah untuk menjadi rapper. Walaupun dia telah mengembangkan raganya lama sebelum dia mula menghasilkan, ia sering menjadi cabaran bagi Barat untuk diterima sebagai rapper, dan dia berjuang untuk mencapai perjanjian rekod. Syarikat rekod yang banyak mengabaikannya kerana dia tidak menggambarkan imej gangsta yang terkenal di hip hop arus perdana pada masa itu. Selepas beberapa siri pertemuan dengan Capitol Records, West akhirnya menafikan perjanjian artis. <> Walaupun Kanye mencapai kemasyhuran dengan menghasilkan, apa yang sebenarnya dia mahu? || rapper <> Label apa yang enggan bekerja dengan Kanye selepas banyak mesyuarat? || Rekod Capitol <> Apa kerjaya yang mimpi akhir Kanye? || rapper <> Apa yang Kanye West tidak memiliki yang membuat syarikat rekaman mengembalikannya? || Gambar gangsta <> Syarikat rekod mana yang menjadi Kanye setelah banyak mesyuarat? || Rekod Capitol", {"qas": [{"question": "Although Kanye was achieving fame by producing, what did he actually want to be?", "id": "56cf626faab44d1400b891b3", "answers": [{"text": "rapper", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What label declined to work with Kanye after many meetings?", "id": "56cf626faab44d1400b891b4", "answers": [{"text": "Capitol Records", "answer_start": 410}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What career was Kanye's ultimate dream?", "id": "56d101c417492d1400aab718", "answers": [{"text": "rapper", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Kanye West not have that made record companies turn him down?", "id": "56d101c417492d1400aab719", "answers": [{"text": "gangsta image", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which record company turned Kanye down after many meetings?", "id": "56d101c417492d1400aab71a", "answers": [{"text": "Capitol Records", "answer_start": 410}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Despite his success as a producer, West's true aspiration was to be a rapper. Though he had developed his rapping long before he began producing, it was often a challenge for West to be accepted as a rapper, and he struggled to attain a record deal. Multiple record companies ignored him because he did not portray the gangsta image prominent in mainstream hip hop at the time. After a series of meetings with Capitol Records, West was ultimately denied an artist deal."}], ["Menurut A & R Capitol's Record, Joe Weinberger, dia didatangi oleh Barat dan hampir menandatangani perjanjian dengannya, tetapi orang lain dalam syarikat itu meyakinkan presiden Capitol tidak. Desperate untuk menjaga Barat dari kecelakaan ke label lain, maka kepala label-label Damon Dash dengan enggan menandatangani Barat ke Rekaman Roc-A-Fella. Jay-Z kemudiannya mengakui bahawa Roc-A-Fella pada awalnya enggan menyokong West sebagai rapper, mendakwa bahawa ramai melihatnya sebagai pengeluar yang pertama dan paling utama, dan latar belakangnya berbeza dengan rakan sekelasnya. <> Siapa yang hampir menjemput Kanye tetapi akhirnya terpengaruh? || Joe Weinberger <> Apa label akhirnya (walaupun enggan) mengambil Kanye? || Roc-A-Fella <> Apa yang dilihat oleh rakan-rakan Kanye ketika dia cuba meneruskan kerjaya rapnya? || seorang produser <> Lelaki apa yang hampir bersedia memberikan perjanjian rekod Kanye? || Joe Weinberger <> Apa syarikat rekod akhirnya menandatangani Kanye West? || Roc-A-Fella", {"qas": [{"question": "Who almost picked up Kanye but was ultimately swayed?", "id": "56cf637caab44d1400b891b7", "answers": [{"text": "Joe Weinberger", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What label finally (although reluctantly) picked up Kanye?", "id": "56cf637caab44d1400b891b8", "answers": [{"text": "Roc-A-Fella", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Kanye's peers see him as while he tried to pursue his rap career?", "id": "56cf637caab44d1400b891b9", "answers": [{"text": "a producer", "answer_start": 436}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What man was almost ready to give Kanye a record deal?", "id": "56d1021117492d1400aab71e", "answers": [{"text": "Joe Weinberger", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What record company eventually signed Kanye West?", "id": "56d1021117492d1400aab71f", "answers": [{"text": "Roc-A-Fella", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to Capitol Record's A&R, Joe Weinberger, he was approached by West and almost signed a deal with him, but another person in the company convinced Capitol's president not to. Desperate to keep West from defecting to another label, then-label head Damon Dash reluctantly signed West to Roc-A-Fella Records. Jay-Z later admitted that Roc-A-Fella was initially reluctant to support West as a rapper, claiming that many saw him as a producer first and foremost, and that his background contrasted with that of his labelmates."}], ["Baru-baru ini, menghabiskan tahun lepas melawat dunia dengan U2 di Vertigo Tour mereka, Barat terinspirasi untuk menyusun lagu-lagu rap anthem yang dapat beroperasi dengan lebih cekap di arena besar. Untuk tujuan ini, West menggabungkan synthesizer ke dalam pengeluaran hip-hopnya, menggunakan masa yang lebih perlahan, dan bereksperimen dengan muzik elektronik dan dipengaruhi oleh muzik tahun 1980-an. Selain U2, West menarik inspirasi muzik dari arena rock arena seperti The Rolling Stones dan Led Zeppelin dari segi perkembangan melodi dan kord. Untuk membuat usaha seterusnya, yang ketiga dalam tetralogi yang dirancang album studio bertema pendidikan, lebih introspektif dan peribadi dalam lirik, Barat mendengarkan penyanyi dan penyanyi lagu-lagu rakyat Bob Dylan dan Johnny Cash dengan harapan mengembangkan kaedah untuk menambah kata-kata dan keupayaan bercerita. <> Apa band mengadakan lawatan Kanye dengan selama setahun? || U2 <> Apakah tetapan yang dibuat oleh Kanye ingin jejaknya yang berikutnya untuk berfungsi dengan baik? || arena besar <> Siapa yang belajar Kanye untuk mengembangkan kemahiran lirinya? || Bob Dylan dan Johnny Cash <> Aliran mana yang dilakukan Kanye West untuk Tour Vertigo? || U2 <> Berapa dekad muzik mengilhami Kanye West selepas lawatannya dengan U2? || 1980-an <> Selain daripada U2 dan Led Zeppelin, apa lagi band yang mengilhami Kanye West? || The Rolling Stones <> Apa penyanyi negara lain selain Johnny Cash yang didengar oleh Kanye? || Bob Dylan", {"qas": [{"question": "What band did Kanye tour with for a year?", "id": "56cf67ca4df3c31400b0d735", "answers": [{"text": "U2", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What setting did Kanye want his next tracks to perform well in?", "id": "56cf67ca4df3c31400b0d736", "answers": [{"text": "large arenas", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Kanye study in order to develop his lyrical skills?", "id": "56cf67ca4df3c31400b0d738", "answers": [{"text": "Bob Dylan and Johnny Cash", "answer_start": 713}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which band did Kanye West travel with for the Vertigo Tour?", "id": "56d1084017492d1400aab7a0", "answers": [{"text": "U2", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What decade of music inspired Kanye West after his tour with U2?", "id": "56d1084017492d1400aab7a1", "answers": [{"text": "1980s", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Other than U2 and Led Zeppelin, what other band inspired Kanye West?", "id": "56d1084017492d1400aab7a2", "answers": [{"text": "The Rolling Stones", "answer_start": 444}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other country singer besides Johnny Cash did Kanye listen to?", "id": "56d1084017492d1400aab7a3", "answers": [{"text": "Bob Dylan", "answer_start": 713}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Fresh off spending the previous year touring the world with U2 on their Vertigo Tour, West felt inspired to compose anthemic rap songs that could operate more efficiently in large arenas. To this end, West incorporated the synthesizer into his hip-hop production, utilized slower tempos, and experimented with electronic music and influenced by music of the 1980s. In addition to U2, West drew musical inspiration from arena rock bands such as The Rolling Stones and Led Zeppelin in terms of melody and chord progression. To make his next effort, the third in a planned tetralogy of education-themed studio albums, more introspective and personal in lyricism, West listened to folk and country singer-songwriters Bob Dylan and Johnny Cash in hopes of developing methods to augment his wordplay and storytelling ability."}], ["Membawa ransel Louis Vuitton penuh dengan cakera lama dan demo ke studio dan kembali, West membuat banyak pengeluaran untuk album debutnya dalam masa kurang daripada lima belas minit pada satu masa. Dia mencatatkan rekod album di Los Angeles sementara pulih dari kemalangan kereta. Sebaik sahaja dia melengkapkan album, ia telah bocor beberapa bulan sebelum tarikh keluarannya. Walau bagaimanapun, West memutuskan untuk menggunakan peluang untuk mengkaji semula album itu, dan The Dropout College secara signifikan remixed, remastered, dan disemak sebelum dibebaskan. Akibatnya, lagu-lagu tertentu yang asalnya ditakrifkan untuk album itu kemudiannya ditarik balik, antaranya \"Simpan Resit\" dengan Ol 'Dirty Bastard dan \"The Good, the Bad, dan the Ugly\" dengan Consequence. Barat dengan teliti menyaring pengeluaran, menambahkan susunan tali, paduan suara choir, pemrograman drum yang lebih baik dan ayat-ayat baru. Kesempurnaan Barat mengetuai The Dropout College untuk membebaskannya tiga kali dari tarikh awalnya pada bulan Ogos 2003. <> Apa yang terjadi pada album pertama Kanye yang menyebabkan dia memukul kebanyakannya? || ia telah bocor <> Berapa kali tarikh keluaran album pertama Kanye ditolak? || 3 <> Dalam apa bandar raya Barat selesai rakaman album pertamanya? || Los Angeles <> Berapa kali pelepasan The College Dropout dimatikan? || 3 <> Apa yang sepatutnya menjadi tarikh pelepasan asal untuk The Dropout College? || Ogos 2003", {"qas": [{"question": "What happened to Kanye's debut album that caused him to remaster most of it?", "id": "56cf64d24df3c31400b0d6f3", "answers": [{"text": "it was leaked", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times was the release date for Kanye's first album pushed back?", "id": "56cf64d24df3c31400b0d6f5", "answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 972}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city did West finish recording his first album?", "id": "56d1042317492d1400aab72e", "answers": [{"text": "Los Angeles", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times was The College Dropout's release put off?", "id": "56d1042317492d1400aab72f", "answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 972}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was supposed to be the original release date for The College Dropout?", "id": "56d1042317492d1400aab730", "answers": [{"text": "August 2003", "answer_start": 962}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Carrying a Louis Vuitton backpack filled with old disks and demos to the studio and back, West crafted much of his production for his debut album in less than fifteen minutes at a time. He recorded the remainder of the album in Los Angeles while recovering from the car accident. Once he had completed the album, it was leaked months before its release date. However, West decided to use the opportunity to review the album, and The College Dropout was significantly remixed, remastered, and revised before being released. As a result, certain tracks originally destined for the album were subsequently retracted, among them \"Keep the Receipt\" with Ol' Dirty Bastard and \"The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly\" with Consequence. West meticulously refined the production, adding string arrangements, gospel choirs, improved drum programming and new verses. West's perfectionism led The College Dropout to have its release postponed three times from its initial date in August 2003."}], ["Walaupun Barat telah menemui kontroversi setahun sebelum dia menyerbu Anugerah Muzik Amerika 2004 selepas kehilangan Artis Baru Terbaik, kontroversi besar-besaran pertama rapper itu datang beberapa hari selepas pembebasan Pendaftaran Lewat, semasa konsert manfaat mangsa-mangsa taufan Katrina. Pada bulan September 2005, NBC menyiarkan A Concert for Relief Hurricane, dan West adalah penceramah yang ditampilkan. Apabila West sedang menyampaikan bersama pelakon Mike Myers, dia menyimpang dari skrip yang disediakan. Myers bercakap seterusnya dan terus membaca skrip. Apabila giliran Barat bercakap lagi, dia berkata, \"George Bush tidak peduli terhadap orang kulit hitam.\" Komentar Barat mencapai banyak Amerika Syarikat, yang membawa kepada reaksi campuran; Presiden Bush kemudiannya menyebutnya sebagai salah satu \"momen yang menjijikkan\" dari jawatan presidennya. Barat menimbulkan kontroversi lagi pada bulan Januari 2006 ketika ia berpose di sampul Rolling Stone memakai mahkota duri. <> Kehilangan hadiah yang menyebabkan Kanye meninggalkan Anugerah Muzik Amerika? || Artis Baru Terbaik <> Kanye mengambil bahagian bersama Mike Meyers dalam pertunjukan faedah bantuan untuk bencana alam? || Badai Katrina <> Majalah apa yang Kanye membiarkan mahkota duri untuk sampul tahun 2006? || Rolling Stone <> Di mana kategori AMA buat Kanye kalah pada tahun 2004? || Artis Baru Terbaik <> Pelakon mana yang bersama Kanye West ketika dia menghina Presiden Bush? || Mike Myers <> Apa majalah yang dibuat oleh Kanye West pada tahun 2006 yang menyebabkan kontroversi lain? || Rolling Stone <> Siaran apa untuk NBC adalah Kanye yang hadir ketika dia bercakap negatif mengenai Presiden Bush? || Konsert untuk Bantuan Badai", {"qas": [{"question": "The loss of which award caused Kanye to leave the American Music Awards?", "id": "56cf67034df3c31400b0d71d", "answers": [{"text": "Best New Artist", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Kanye participated alongside Mike Meyers in a relief benefit show for what natural disaster?", "id": "56cf67034df3c31400b0d71e", "answers": [{"text": "Hurricane Katrina", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What magazine did Kanye don a thorn crown for the cover of in 2006?", "id": "56cf67034df3c31400b0d720", "answers": [{"text": "Rolling Stone", "answer_start": 875}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which AMA category did Kanye lose in 2004?", "id": "56d1071617492d1400aab77e", "answers": [{"text": "Best New Artist", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which actor was alongside Kanye West when he insulted President Bush?", "id": "56d1071617492d1400aab77f", "answers": [{"text": "Mike Myers", "answer_start": 431}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What magazine did Kanye West pose for in 2006 that caused another controversy?", "id": "56d1071617492d1400aab780", "answers": [{"text": "Rolling Stone", "answer_start": 875}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What broadcast for NBC was Kanye presenting for when he spoke negatively about President Bush?", "id": "56d1071617492d1400aab781", "answers": [{"text": "A Concert for Hurricane Relief", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "While West had encountered controversy a year prior when he stormed out of the American Music Awards of 2004 after losing Best New Artist, the rapper's first large-scale controversy came just days following Late Registration's release, during a benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina victims. In September 2005, NBC broadcast A Concert for Hurricane Relief, and West was a featured speaker. When West was presenting alongside actor Mike Myers, he deviated from the prepared script. Myers spoke next and continued to read the script. Once it was West's turn to speak again, he said, \"George Bush doesn't care about black people.\" West's comment reached much of the United States, leading to mixed reactions; President Bush would later call it one of the most \"disgusting moments\" of his presidency. West raised further controversy in January 2006 when he posed on the cover of Rolling Stone wearing a crown of thorns."}], ["Kehidupan Barat mengambil arah yang berbeza ketika ibunya, Donda West, meninggal akibat komplikasi dari pembedahan kosmetik yang melibatkan abdominoplasty dan pengurangan payudara pada bulan November 2007. Beberapa bulan kemudian, Barat dan tunangan Alexis Phifer mengakhiri pertunangan mereka dan hubungan intermittent jangka panjang mereka, yang telah bermula pada tahun 2002. Acara-acara tersebut telah memberi kesan yang mendalam kepada Barat, yang bermula pada 2008 Glow di Tour Dark tidak lama kemudian. Diharapkan kerana emosinya tidak dapat disampaikan melalui rapping, Barat memutuskan untuk menyanyi menggunakan pemproses audio suara Auto-Tune, yang akan menjadi bahagian tengah usaha seterusnya. West sebelum ini telah bereksperimen dengan teknologi pada album debutnya The College Dropout untuk vokal latar belakang \"Jesus Walks\" dan \"Never Let Me Down.\" Dicatat kebanyakannya di Honolulu, Hawaii dalam masa tiga minggu, West mengumumkan album keempatnya, 808s & Heartbreak, pada Anugerah Muzik Video MTV 2008, di mana dia melakukan single lead, \"Love Lockdown\". Penonton muzik terkejut dengan gaya pengeluaran yang tidak wajar dan kehadiran Auto-Tune, yang menonjolkan tindak balas pra-keluaran ke rekod. <> Berikutan kehilangan ibunya, yang menamatkan hubungan jangka panjang dengan Kanye? || Alexis Phifer <> Apa teknologi vokal yang dilakukan Kanye menjemput untuk set seterusnya usaha artistiknya? || Auto-Tune <> Dalam tahun apakah ibu Kanye West telah lenyap? || 2007 <> Apa nama Kanye's ex-fiance? || Alexis Phifer <> Apa nama pelancongan muzik Kanye 2008? || Glow in the Dark Tour <> Dalam keadaan apa yang Kanye West merekodkan mereka majoriti album keempatnya? || Hawaii <> Apa lagu pertama yang dibebaskan daripada album keempat Kanye? || \"Cinta Lockdown\"", {"qas": [{"question": "Following the loss of his mother, who did Kanye end his long-term relationship with?", "id": "56cf694f4df3c31400b0d750", "answers": [{"text": "Alexis Phifer", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What vocal technology did Kanye pick up for his next set of artistic endeavors?", "id": "56cf694f4df3c31400b0d751", "answers": [{"text": "Auto-Tune", "answer_start": 545}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Kanye West's mother pass away?", "id": "56d109f317492d1400aab7ca", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Kanye's ex-fiance?", "id": "56d109f317492d1400aab7cb", "answers": [{"text": "Alexis Phifer", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Kanye's 2008 music tour?", "id": "56d109f317492d1400aab7cc", "answers": [{"text": "Glow in the Dark Tour", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what state did Kanye West record them majority of his fourth album?", "id": "56d109f317492d1400aab7cd", "answers": [{"text": "Hawaii", "answer_start": 799}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first song released off of Kanye's fourth album?", "id": "56d109f317492d1400aab7ce", "answers": [{"text": "\"Love Lockdown\"", "answer_start": 946}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West's life took a different direction when his mother, Donda West, died of complications from cosmetic surgery involving abdominoplasty and breast reduction in November 2007. Months later, West and fianc\u00e9e Alexis Phifer ended their engagement and their long-term intermittent relationship, which had begun in 2002. The events profoundly affected West, who set off for his 2008 Glow in the Dark Tour shortly thereafter. Purportedly because his emotions could not be conveyed through rapping, West decided to sing using the voice audio processor Auto-Tune, which would become a central part of his next effort. West had previously experimented with the technology on his debut album The College Dropout for the background vocals of \"Jesus Walks\" and \"Never Let Me Down.\" Recorded mostly in Honolulu, Hawaii in three weeks, West announced his fourth album, 808s & Heartbreak, at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards, where he performed its lead single, \"Love Lockdown\". Music audiences were taken aback by the uncharacteristic production style and the presence of Auto-Tune, which typified the pre-release response to the record."}], ["Kejayaan Barat datang setahun kemudian pada 23 Oktober 2002, ketika memandu pulang dari studio rakaman California selepas bekerja lewat, dia tertidur di roda dan terlibat dalam kemalangan kereta yang hampir mati. Kejadian itu meninggalkannya dengan rahang yang hancur, yang terpaksa ditutup kabel dalam pembedahan rekonstruktif. Kemalangan itu mengilhami Barat; dua minggu selepas dimasukkan ke hospital, dia mencatatkan lagu di Record Plant Studios dengan rahangnya masih ditutup. Komposisi \"Through The Wire\", menyatakan pengalaman Barat selepas kemalangan itu, dan membantu meletakkan asas untuk album debutnya, menurut West, \"semua artis yang lebih baik telah menyatakan apa yang mereka alami\". West menambah bahawa \"album itu adalah ubat saya\", kerana bekerja pada rekod yang mengalihkan perhatiannya dari kesakitan. \"Melalui The Wire\" pertama kali didapati di West's Get Well Soon ... mixtape, dibebaskan Disember 2002. Pada masa yang sama, West mengumumkan bahawa dia sedang mengerjakan sebuah album yang dipanggil The College Dropout, tema keseluruhannya adalah untuk \"membuat sendiri Jangan biarkan masyarakat memberitahu anda, 'Inilah yang perlu anda lakukan.' \"<> Apa lagu yang dilakukan Kanye mengarang dan melaksanakan semasa cedera akibat kemalangannya? || Melalui The Wire <> Apa nama campuran 2002 Kanye yang dia tulis ketika di hospital? || Dapatkan Sudah Lama ... <> Selepas menjatuhkan campurannya, Kanye mendedahkan nama album debutnya menjadi apa? || The Dropout College <> Apa tarikh kerancakan kereta Kanye? || 23 Oktober 2002 <> Apa lagu yang dibuat oleh Kanye tentang pengalamannya dengan apa yang berlaku selepas kecemasan? || \"Melalui Kawat\" <> Apa nama campuran Kanye yang dikeluarkan pada bulan Disember 2002? || Semoga cepat sembuh", {"qas": [{"question": "What track did Kanye compose and perform while injured from his accident?", "id": "56cf6438aab44d1400b891c8", "answers": [{"text": "Through The Wire", "answer_start": 478}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Kanye's 2002 mixtape that he wrote while in the hospital?", "id": "56cf6438aab44d1400b891c9", "answers": [{"text": "Get Well Soon...", "answer_start": 836}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After dropping his mixtape, Kanye revealed the name of his debut album to be what?", "id": "56cf6438aab44d1400b891ca", "answers": [{"text": "The College Dropout", "answer_start": 958}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the date of Kanye's car wreck?", "id": "56d1034017492d1400aab722", "answers": [{"text": "October 23, 2002", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Kanye record about his experience with what happened after the wreck?", "id": "56d1034017492d1400aab723", "answers": [{"text": "\"Through The Wire\"", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the mixtape Kanye released in December of 2002?", "id": "56d1034017492d1400aab724", "answers": [{"text": "Get Well Soon", "answer_start": 836}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West's breakthrough came a year later on October 23, 2002, when, while driving home from a California recording studio after working late, he fell asleep at the wheel and was involved in a near-fatal car crash. The crash left him with a shattered jaw, which had to be wired shut in reconstructive surgery. The accident inspired West; two weeks after being admitted to the hospital, he recorded a song at the Record Plant Studios with his jaw still wired shut. The composition, \"Through The Wire\", expressed West's experience after the accident, and helped lay the foundation for his debut album, as according to West \"all the better artists have expressed what they were going through\". West added that \"the album was my medicine\", as working on the record distracted him from the pain. \"Through The Wire\" was first available on West's Get Well Soon... mixtape, released December 2002. At the same time, West announced that he was working on an album called The College Dropout, whose overall theme was to \"make your own decisions. Don't let society tell you, 'This is what you have to do.'\""}], ["Bermula usaha kedua yang jatuh, West akan melabur dua juta dolar dan mengambil masa lebih setahun untuk membuat album keduanya. West sangat diilhamkan oleh Roseland NYC Live, album live 1998 oleh kumpulan perjalanan hop Bahasa Inggeris Portishead, yang dihasilkan dengan New York Philharmonic Orchestra. Awal dalam kerjayanya, album live itu telah memberi inspirasi kepadanya untuk memasukkan susunan tali ke dalam pengeluaran hip-hopnya. Walaupun West tidak dapat membeli banyak instrumen hidup di sepanjang album debutnya, wang dari kejayaan komersialnya membolehkannya untuk menyewa orkestra rentetan untuk Pendaftaran Lewat albumnya yang kedua. West berkolaborasi dengan komposer skor filem Amerika Jon Brion, yang berkhidmat sebagai penerbit bersama album untuk beberapa lagu. Walaupun Brion tidak mempunyai pengalaman terdahulu dalam mencipta rekod hip-hop, dia dan West mendapati bahawa mereka dapat bekerja secara produktif selepas petang pertama mereka di studio di mana mereka mendapati bahawa tidak terhad pengetahuan muzik dan visinya kepada satu genre tertentu. Pendaftaran Lewat menjual lebih dari 2.3 juta unit di Amerika Syarikat semenjak akhir tahun 2005 dan dianggap oleh pemerhati industri sebagai satu-satunya peluncuran album utama yang berjaya musim gugur, yang telah dibanjiri oleh penjualan CD yang semakin menurun. <> Apa jenis ensemble yang dilakukan oleh Kanye untuk bekerja pada album keduanya? || string orchestra <> Apa komposer bekerja bersama Kanye pada pengeluaran album? || Jon Brion <> Apakah nama album studio kedua Kanye? || Pendaftaran Lewat <> Berapa banyak salinan Pendaftaran Lewat yang dijual pada tahun pertama? || 2.3 juta <> Apa kumpulan muzik Inggeris adalah inspirasi untuk Kanye West pada album keduanya? || Portishead <> Apa nama album kedua West? || Pendaftaran Lewat <> Berapa banyak salinan Pendaftaran Lewat dijual di Amerika Syarikat? || 2.3 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of ensemble did Kanye hire to work on his second album?", "id": "56cf66344df3c31400b0d70a", "answers": [{"text": "string orchestra", "answer_start": 561}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What composer worked alongside Kanye on the album's production?", "id": "56cf66344df3c31400b0d70b", "answers": [{"text": "Jon Brion", "answer_start": 670}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Kanye's second studio album?", "id": "56cf66344df3c31400b0d70c", "answers": [{"text": "Late Registration", "answer_start": 599}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many copies of Late Registration sold in its first year?", "id": "56cf66344df3c31400b0d70d", "answers": [{"text": "2.3 million", "answer_start": 1048}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What English music group was an inspiration for Kanye West on his second album?", "id": "56d1060e17492d1400aab763", "answers": [{"text": "Portishead", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of West's second album?", "id": "56d1060e17492d1400aab764", "answers": [{"text": "Late Registration", "answer_start": 599}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many copies of Late Registration were sold in the United States?", "id": "56d1060e17492d1400aab765", "answers": [{"text": "2.3 million", "answer_start": 1048}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beginning his second effort that fall, West would invest two million dollars and take over a year to craft his second album. West was significantly inspired by Roseland NYC Live, a 1998 live album by English trip hop group Portishead, produced with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. Early in his career, the live album had inspired him to incorporate string arrangements into his hip-hop production. Though West had not been able to afford many live instruments around the time of his debut album, the money from his commercial success enabled him to hire a string orchestra for his second album Late Registration. West collaborated with American film score composer Jon Brion, who served as the album's co-executive producer for several tracks. Although Brion had no prior experience in creating hip-hop records, he and West found that they could productively work together after their first afternoon in the studio where they discovered that neither confined his musical knowledge and vision to one specific genre. Late Registration sold over 2.3 million units in the United States alone by the end of 2005 and was considered by industry observers as the only successful major album release of the fall season, which had been plagued by steadily declining CD sales."}], ["Album ketiga studio West, Graduation, mendapat publisiti utama apabila tarikh keluarannya mengetuk Barat dalam pertandingan jualan terhadap rapper 50 Cent's Curtis. Selepas siaran bulan September 2007, Pengijazahan melepasi Curtis dengan margin yang besar, mendahului pada nombor satu di carta A.S. Billboard 200 dan menjual 957,000 salinan pada minggu pertama. Pengijazahan sekali lagi meneruskan rentetan kejayaan kritikal dan komersil oleh West, dan single utama album, \"Stronger\", meraih rapper hit nombor satu ketiganya. \"Stronger\", yang mana sampel rumah Perancis Daft Punk, telah diakreditasi bukan sahaja untuk menggalakkan artis hip-hop lain untuk memasukkan unsur-unsur rumah dan elektronika ke dalam muzik mereka, tetapi juga untuk memainkan peranan dalam kebangkitan semula disko dan muzik yang diilhami elektro pada akhir 2000-an. Ben Detrick dari XXL memetik hasil daripada persaingan jualan antara Curtis 50 Cent dan Graduation West sebagai bertanggungjawab mengubah arah hip-hop dan membuka jalan untuk rapper baru yang tidak mengikut acuan tegar gangster, menulis, \" Sekiranya pernah terdapat momentum untuk menunjukkan perubahan arah hip-hop, mungkin datang ketika 50 Cent bersaing dengan Kanye pada tahun 2007 untuk melihat albumnya akan menuntut jualan yang lebih baik. \" <> Apa nama album ketiga Kanye? || Pengijazahan <> Kanye melepaskan Pengijazahan pada masa yang sama tentang rapper terkenal lain, dengan itu menarik perbandingan media? || 50 Cent <> Berapa banyak salinan yang telah dikeluarkan oleh Graduation dalam minggu pertama pembebasannya? || 957,000 <> Apa duo elektronik terkenal yang pernah membuat sampel Kanye pada album ketiga? || Daft Punk <> Apa nama CD ketiga Kanye West? || Pengijazahan <> Artis apa yang dilancarkan oleh album ketiga Kanye yang bersaing? || 50 Cent <> Apakah kumpulan muzik dalam pembebasan pertama Kanye daripada Graduation? || Daft Punk", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of Kanye's third album?", "id": "56cf68594df3c31400b0d73d", "answers": [{"text": "Graduation", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Kanye released Graduation at the same time of what other famous rapper, thus drawing media comparison?", "id": "56cf68594df3c31400b0d73e", "answers": [{"text": "50 Cent", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many copies did Graduation sell in its first week of release? ", "id": "56cf68594df3c31400b0d73f", "answers": [{"text": "957,000", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What famous electronic duo did Kanye sample on his third album?", "id": "56cf68594df3c31400b0d740", "answers": [{"text": "Daft Punk", "answer_start": 555}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Kanye West's third CD?", "id": "56d1091117492d1400aab7bc", "answers": [{"text": "Graduation", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What artist was Kanye's third album release competing against?", "id": "56d1091117492d1400aab7bd", "answers": [{"text": "50 Cent", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What music group was in Kanye's first release off of Graduation?", "id": "56d1091117492d1400aab7bf", "answers": [{"text": "Daft Punk", "answer_start": 555}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West's third studio album, Graduation, garnered major publicity when its release date pitted West in a sales competition against rapper 50 Cent's Curtis. Upon their September 2007 releases, Graduation outsold Curtis by a large margin, debuting at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart and selling 957,000 copies in its first week. Graduation once again continued the string of critical and commercial successes by West, and the album's lead single, \"Stronger\", garnered the rapper his third number-one hit. \"Stronger\", which samples French house duo Daft Punk, has been accredited to not only encouraging other hip-hop artists to incorporate house and electronica elements into their music, but also for playing a part in the revival of disco and electro-infused music in the late 2000s. Ben Detrick of XXL cited the outcome of the sales competition between 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation as being responsible for altering the direction of hip-hop and paving the way for new rappers who didn't follow the hardcore-gangster mold, writing, \"If there was ever a watershed moment to indicate hip-hop's changing direction, it may have come when 50 Cent competed with Kanye in 2007 to see whose album would claim superior sales.\""}], ["The Dropout College akhirnya diterbitkan oleh Roc-A-Fella pada Februari 2004, menembak ke nombor dua di Billboard 200 sebagai single debutnya, \"Through the Wire\" memuncak pada angka lima belas dalam carta Billboard Hot 100 selama lima minggu. \"Slow Jamz\", lagu keduanya yang memaparkan Twista dan Jamie Foxx, menjadi satu kejayaan yang lebih besar: ia menjadi tiga nombor pertama pemuzik. The Dropout College menerima pujian kritikal yang hampir universal dari pengkritik muzik kontemporari, telah dipilih sebagai album teratas tahun ini oleh dua penerbitan muzik utama, dan secara konsisten telah mendapat peringkat di kalangan karya hip-hop dan album sulung yang hebat oleh artis. \"Jesus Walks\", single keempat album, mungkin mendedahkan Barat kepada penonton yang lebih luas; perkara utama lagu berkenaan kepercayaan dan kekristianan. Walau bagaimanapun, lagu itu mencapai 20 teratas carta pop Billboard, walaupun ramalan eksekutif industri bahawa lagu yang mengandungi pernyataan iman yang terang-terangan itu tidak akan pernah dibuat ke radio. The Dropout College akhirnya akan disahkan tiga platinum di Amerika Syarikat, dan memperoleh pencalonan West 10 Grammy, termasuk Album of the Year, dan Best Rap Album (yang diterima). Dalam tempoh ini, West juga mengasaskan GOOD Music, label rekod dan syarikat pengurusan yang akan pergi ke rumah artis dan pengeluar gabungan, seperti No I.D. dan John Legend. Pada masa itu, tumpuan utama gaya pengeluaran Barat adalah penggunaan sampel vokal yang semakin meningkat dari rekod jiwa. Bagaimanapun, sebahagiannya kerana pujian The Dropout College, pensampelan sedemikian telah banyak disalin oleh orang lain; dengan begitu berlebihan, dan juga kerana Barat merasakan dia terlalu bergantung pada teknik itu, dia memutuskan untuk mencari bunyi baru. <> Apa tempat di carta Billboard melakukan debut album Kanye di? || 2 <> Berapa banyak penerbitan mengundi Dropout College untuk album tahun ini? || 2 <> Apa nama album debut yang memberikan perhatian mainstream Kanye? || Jesus Walks <> Label apa yang dibuat oleh Kanye berikutan kejayaan pelepasan album pertamanya? || Muzik BAIK <> Bilakah The Dropout College akhirnya dibebaskan? || Februari 2004 <> Apa lagu yang kedua dibebaskan dari album The College Dropout Kanye? || \"Slow Jamz\" <> Berapa banyak pencalonan Grammy yang dimiliki The College Dropout? || 10 <> Apakah nama label rekod yang diasaskan oleh Barat? || Muzik yang bagus", {"qas": [{"question": "What place on the Billboard chart did Kanye's album debut at?", "id": "56cf657b4df3c31400b0d6ff", "answers": [{"text": "2", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many publications voted The College Dropout for album of the year?", "id": "56cf657b4df3c31400b0d700", "answers": [{"text": "2", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the single off the debut album that gave Kanye mainstream attention?", "id": "56cf657b4df3c31400b0d701", "answers": [{"text": "Jesus Walks", "answer_start": 635}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What label did Kanye create following the success of his first album's release?", "id": "56cf657b4df3c31400b0d703", "answers": [{"text": "GOOD Music", "answer_start": 1201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was The College Dropout finally released?", "id": "56d1056017492d1400aab752", "answers": [{"text": "February 2004", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song was the second released off of Kanye's The College Dropout album?", "id": "56d1056017492d1400aab754", "answers": [{"text": "\"Slow Jamz\"", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Grammy nominations did The College Dropout receive?", "id": "56d1056017492d1400aab755", "answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the record label that West founded?", "id": "56d1056017492d1400aab756", "answers": [{"text": "GOOD Music", "answer_start": 1201}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The College Dropout was eventually issued by Roc-A-Fella in February 2004, shooting to number two on the Billboard 200 as his debut single, \"Through the Wire\" peaked at number fifteen on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for five weeks. \"Slow Jamz\", his second single featuring Twista and Jamie Foxx, became an even bigger success: it became the three musicians' first number one hit. The College Dropout received near-universal critical acclaim from contemporary music critics, was voted the top album of the year by two major music publications, and has consistently been ranked among the great hip-hop works and debut albums by artists. \"Jesus Walks\", the album's fourth single, perhaps exposed West to a wider audience; the song's subject matter concerns faith and Christianity. The song nevertheless reached the top 20 of the Billboard pop charts, despite industry executives' predictions that a song containing such blatant declarations of faith would never make it to radio. The College Dropout would eventually be certified triple platinum in the US, and garnered West 10 Grammy nominations, including Album of the Year, and Best Rap Album (which it received). During this period, West also founded GOOD Music, a record label and management company that would go on to house affiliate artists and producers, such as No I.D. and John Legend. At the time, the focal point of West's production style was the use of sped-up vocal samples from soul records. However, partly because of the acclaim of The College Dropout, such sampling had been much copied by others; with that overuse, and also because West felt he had become too dependent on the technique, he decided to find a new sound."}], ["Pada tahun 2012, wartawan Rolling Stone, Matthew Trammell menegaskan bahawa rekodnya lebih awal daripada masa dan menulis, \"Sekarang bahawa muzik popular akhirnya berjaya mengejarnya, 808s & Heartbreak telah mendedahkan dirinya sebagai kerja yang paling kerap Kanye, dan mungkin yang paling cemerlang . \" <> Wartawan apa yang memberikan \"808s dan Hearbreak\" penyesuaian kritikal 4 tahun selepas pembebasannya? || Matthew Trammell <> Apakah nama wartawan yang menulis tentang album Kanye pada tahun 2012? || Matthew Trammell", {"qas": [{"question": "What journalist gave \"808s and Hearbreak\" critical acclimation 4 years after its release?", "id": "56cf6aa44df3c31400b0d75f", "answers": [{"text": "Matthew Trammell", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the journalist that wrote about Kanye's album in 2012?", "id": "56d10ab617492d1400aab7ee", "answers": [{"text": "Matthew Trammell", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2012, Rolling Stone journalist Matthew Trammell asserted that the record was ahead of its time and wrote, \"Now that popular music has finally caught up to it, 808s & Heartbreak has revealed itself to be Kanye\u2019s most vulnerable work, and perhaps his most brilliant.\""}], ["Berikutan kejadian yang sangat dipublikasikan, West mengambil rehat singkat dari muzik dan melempar dirinya ke dalam fesyen, hanya untuk menutup di Hawaii untuk beberapa bulan akan datang menulis dan merakam album seterusnya. Mengimport pengeluar dan seniman kegemarannya untuk bekerja dan menginspirasi rakamannya, jurutera Barat terus memimpin di belakang papan 24 jam sehari dan tidur hanya dengan kenaikan. Noah Callahan-Bever, penulis Kompleks, hadir semasa sesi dan menggambarkan suasana \"komunal\" sebagai berikut: \"Dengan lagu-lagu yang betul dan album yang betul, dia dapat mengatasi sebarang dan semua kontroversi, dan kami di sini untuk menyumbang, cabaran, dan memberi inspirasi. \" Pelbagai artis telah menyumbang kepada projek itu, termasuk rakan-rakan Jay-Z, Kid Cudi dan Pusha T, serta kerjasama di luar tembok seperti Justin Vernon dari Bon Iver. <> Di mana Kanye meletakkan dirinya sendiri untuk membuat album seterusnya? || Hawaii <> Industri apa yang dilakukan oleh Kanye setelah beristirahat dari muzik rakaman? || fesyen <> Apa keadaan yang tersembunyi di Kanye West semasa menulis album seterusnya? || Hawaii", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did Kanye base himself to create his next album?", "id": "56cf6c824df3c31400b0d773", "answers": [{"text": "Hawaii", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What industry did Kanye turn to after taking a break from recording music?", "id": "56d10be817492d1400aab802", "answers": [{"text": "fashion", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What state did Kanye West hide in while writing his next album?", "id": "56d10be817492d1400aab803", "answers": [{"text": "Hawaii", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Following the highly publicized incident, West took a brief break from music and threw himself into fashion, only to hole up in Hawaii for the next few months writing and recording his next album. Importing his favorite producers and artists to work on and inspire his recording, West kept engineers behind the boards 24 hours a day and slept only in increments. Noah Callahan-Bever, a writer for Complex, was present during the sessions and described the \"communal\" atmosphere as thus: \"With the right songs and the right album, he can overcome any and all controversy, and we are here to contribute, challenge, and inspire.\" A variety of artists contributed to the project, including close friends Jay-Z, Kid Cudi and Pusha T, as well as off-the-wall collaborations, such as with Justin Vernon of Bon Iver."}], ["My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, album studio kelima West, dikeluarkan pada bulan November 2010 untuk merasakan ulasan dari pengkritik, yang kebanyakannya menggambarkannya sebagai karya terbaiknya yang memantapkan semula kemunculannya. Berbeza dengan usaha terdahulunya, yang menampilkan bunyi minimalis, Dark Fantasy mengamalkan falsafah maximalis dan berurusan dengan tema selebriti dan berlebihan. Rekod itu termasuk hit antarabangsa \"All the Lights\", dan Billboard hits \"Power\", \"Monster\", dan \"Runaway\", yang kemudian diiringi filem 35 minit dengan nama yang sama. Pada masa ini, West memulakan program muzik percuma BAYAR Jumaat melalui laman webnya, menawarkan muat turun percuma lagu-lagu sebelum ini yang belum dirilis setiap hari Jumaat, sebahagian daripadanya telah dimasukkan ke dalam album. Promosi ini berlari dari 20 Ogos - 17 Disember 2010. Dark Fantasy pergi ke platinum di Amerika Syarikat, tetapi peninggalannya sebagai pesaing untuk Album of the Year pada Anugerah Grammy ke-54 dilihat sebagai \"tersendat\" oleh beberapa media kedai. <> Apakah nama album Kanye yang dikeluarkan pada tahun 2010? || </> Apa yang dianugerahkan oleh Fantasy Twisted Fantasy Saya yang Indah? || Album Tahun Ini <> Apakah nama album kelima Kanye? || </ P> <p> Ketika album kelima Kanye West debut? || November 2010 <> Apa lagu kelima daripada album kelima Kanye yang telah dipukul di peringkat antarabangsa? || \"Semua Lampu\" <> Apakah nama promosi muzik percuma di laman web Kanye pada tahun 2010? || Selamat hari Jumaat", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of Kanye's album released in 2010?", "id": "56cf6e364df3c31400b0d78d", "answers": [{"text": "My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What award was My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy omitted from?", "id": "56cf6e364df3c31400b0d790", "answers": [{"text": "Album of the Year", "answer_start": 902}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Kanye's fifth album?", "id": "56d10ca817492d1400aab818", "answers": [{"text": "My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Kanye West's fifth album debuted? ", "id": "56d10ca817492d1400aab819", "answers": [{"text": "November 2010", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song off of Kanye's fifth album was a hit internationally?", "id": "56d10ca817492d1400aab81a", "answers": [{"text": "\"All of the Lights\"", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the free music promotion on Kanye's website in 2010?", "id": "56d10ca817492d1400aab81b", "answers": [{"text": "GOOD Fridays", "answer_start": 603}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, West's fifth studio album, was released in November 2010 to rave reviews from critics, many of whom described it as his best work that solidified his comeback. In stark contrast to his previous effort, which featured a minimalist sound, Dark Fantasy adopts a maximalist philosophy and deals with themes of celebrity and excess. The record included the international hit \"All of the Lights\", and Billboard hits \"Power\", \"Monster\", and \"Runaway\", the latter of which accompanied a 35-minute film of the same name. During this time, West initiated the free music program GOOD Fridays through his website, offering a free download of previously unreleased songs each Friday, a portion of which were included on the album. This promotion ran from August 20 - December 17, 2010. Dark Fantasy went on to go platinum in the United States, but its omission as a contender for Album of the Year at the 54th Grammy Awards was viewed as a \"snub\" by several media outlets."}], ["808s & Heartbreak, yang mempunyai penggunaan mesin dram Roland TR-808 yang luas dan mengandungi tema cinta, kesepian, dan sakit hati, dikeluarkan oleh Island Def Jam untuk memanfaatkan hujung minggu Kesyukuran pada bulan November 2008. Ulasan positif, walaupun sedikit lebih bercampur daripada usaha-usaha terdahulu. Walaupun demikian, perseorangan rekod menunjukkan persembahan carta yang cemerlang. Selepas pelepasannya, single \"Love Lockdown\" yang mengetuai debutnya di nombor tiga di Billboard Hot 100 dan menjadi \"Debut Hot Shot\", sementara satu \"Heartless\" susulan dilakukan sama dan menjadi \"Debut Hot Shot\" kedua berturut-turut debutnya di nombor empat di Billboard Hot 100. Walaupun ia dikritik sebelum dibebaskan, 808s & Heartbreak mempunyai kesan yang signifikan terhadap muzik hip-hop, menggalakkan rapper lain untuk mengambil lebih banyak risiko kreatif dengan pengeluaran mereka. <> Label apa yang mendorong album studio keempat Kanye? || Island Def Jam <> Album mana yang dikemukakan oleh Kanye West menampilkan lagu \"Love Lockdown\"? || 808s & Heartbreak <> 808s & Heartbreak telah dikeluarkan oleh syarikat apa? || Island Def Jam <> Ketika 808s & Heartbreaks dikeluarkan? || November 2008 <> Apa lagu kedua yang dikeluarkan dari tahun 808? || Heartless <> Penggunaan utama mesin muzik pada 808s digambarkan sebagai eponim? || Mesin dram Roland TR-808", {"qas": [{"question": "What label pushed out Kanye's fourth studio album?", "id": "56cf6a0f4df3c31400b0d757", "answers": [{"text": "Island Def Jam", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which album by Kanye West featured the song \"Love Lockdown\"?", "id": "56d10a6617492d1400aab7de", "answers": [{"text": "808s & Heartbreak", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "808s & Heartbreak was released by what company? ", "id": "56d460ca2ccc5a1400d83103", "answers": [{"text": "Island Def Jam", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was 808s & Heartbreaks released? ", "id": "56d460ca2ccc5a1400d83104", "answers": [{"text": "November 2008", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the second song released off of 808s? ", "id": "56d460ca2ccc5a1400d83105", "answers": [{"text": "Heartless", "answer_start": 546}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The major usage of musical machine on 808s was described as eponymous?", "id": "56d460ca2ccc5a1400d83107", "answers": [{"text": "Roland TR-808 drum machine", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "808s & Heartbreak, which features extensive use of the eponymous Roland TR-808 drum machine and contains themes of love, loneliness, and heartache, was released by Island Def Jam to capitalize on Thanksgiving weekend in November 2008. Reviews were positive, though slightly more mixed than his previous efforts. Despite this, the record's singles demonstrated outstanding chart performances. Upon its release, the lead single \"Love Lockdown\" debuted at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 and became a \"Hot Shot Debut\", while follow-up single \"Heartless\" performed similarly and became his second consecutive \"Hot Shot Debut\" by debuting at number four on the Billboard Hot 100. While it was criticized prior to release, 808s & Heartbreak had a significant effect on hip-hop music, encouraging other rappers to take more creative risks with their productions."}], ["Berikutan kedudukan headline di Coachella 2011 yang diterangkan oleh The Hollywood Reporter sebagai \"salah satu set hip-hop terbesar sepanjang masa\", West mengeluarkan album kolaborasi Watch the Throne dengan Jay-Z. Dengan menggunakan strategi jualan yang melancarkan album secara digital minggu sebelum rakan sejawatannya, Watch the Throne menjadi salah satu daripada beberapa album label utama dalam era Internet untuk mengelakkan kebocoran. \"Niggas in Paris\" menjadi rekod paling tinggi dalam senarai Billboard Hot 100. Pada tahun 2012, West melancarkan album kompilasi Cruel Summer, koleksi trek oleh seniman dari label rekod Barat GOOD Music. Cruel Summer menghasilkan empat singles, dua daripadanya mencatatkan dalam dua puluh teratas Hot 100: \"Mercy\" dan \"Clique\". West juga mengarahkan sebuah filem dengan nama yang sama yang ditayangkan pada Festival Filem Cannes 2012 dalam pavilion skrining berbentuk adat yang menampilkan tujuh skrin. <> Perayaan apa yang menjadi tajuk Kanye pada tahun 2011? || Coachella <> Dengan apa artis hiphop yang lain lakukan dengan kerjasama Kanye? || Jay-Z <> Di mana filem utama Kanye diarahkan pada tahun 2012? || Festival Filem Cannes <> Peristiwa apa yang menjadi tajuk Kanye pada tahun 2011? || Coachella <> Apa nama album bersama Kanye dibuat dengan Jay Z? || Tonton Takhta <> Apa yang paling atas dari album \"Watch the Throne\"? || \"Niggas di Paris\" <> Dalam tahun apakah \"Panas Kejam\" dibebaskan? || 2012 <> Perayaan filem apa yang menjadi perdana Kanye West sebuah filem yang dipanggil \"Kejam Musim Panas\"? || 2012 Festival Filem Cannes", {"qas": [{"question": "What festival did Kanye headline in 2011?", "id": "56cf71134df3c31400b0d7a3", "answers": [{"text": "Coachella", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With what other hiphop artist did Kanye collaborate with?", "id": "56cf71134df3c31400b0d7a4", "answers": [{"text": "Jay-Z", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Kanye premier a film directed by himself in 2012?", "id": "56cf71134df3c31400b0d7a5", "answers": [{"text": "Cannes Film Festival", "answer_start": 831}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What event did Kanye headline in 2011?", "id": "56d10dc217492d1400aab82e", "answers": [{"text": "Coachella", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the joint album Kanye made with Jay Z?", "id": "56d10dc217492d1400aab82f", "answers": [{"text": "Watch the Throne", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the top single off the album \"Watch the Throne\"?", "id": "56d10dc217492d1400aab830", "answers": [{"text": "\"Niggas in Paris\"", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was \"Cruel Summer\" released?", "id": "56d10dc217492d1400aab831", "answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 517}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What film festival did Kanye West premier a film called \"Cruel Summer\"?", "id": "56d10dc217492d1400aab832", "answers": [{"text": "2012 Cannes Film Festival", "answer_start": 826}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Following a headlining set at Coachella 2011 that was described by The Hollywood Reporter as \"one of greatest hip-hop sets of all time\", West released the collaborative album Watch the Throne with Jay-Z. By employing a sales strategy that released the album digitally weeks before its physical counterpart, Watch the Throne became one of the few major label albums in the Internet age to avoid a leak. \"Niggas in Paris\" became the record's highest charting single, peaking at number five on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2012, West released the compilation album Cruel Summer, a collection of tracks by artists from West's record label GOOD Music. Cruel Summer produced four singles, two of which charted within the top twenty of the Hot 100: \"Mercy\" and \"Clique\". West also directed a film of the same name that premiered at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival in custom pyramid-shaped screening pavilion featuring seven screens."}], ["Insiden kontroversi Barat pada tahun berikutnya pada Anugerah Video Video MTV 2009 adalah boleh dikatakan kontroversi terbesarnya, dan menyebabkan kemarahan yang meluas di seluruh industri muzik. Semasa majlis itu, West memecah panggung dan meraih mikrofon dari pemenang Taylor Swift untuk mengisytiharkan bahawa, sebaliknya, video Beyonc\u00e9 untuk \"Single Ladies (Put Ring on It)\", dinamakan untuk anugerah yang sama, adalah \"salah satu video terbaik sepanjang masa \". Dia kemudiannya ditarik balik dari baki pertunjukan untuk tindakannya. Lawatan Barat bersama Lady Gaga dibatalkan sebagai tindak balas kepada kontroversi, dan disyorkan insiden itu sebahagiannya bertanggungjawab untuk 808s & kekurangan pencalonan Heartbreak di Anugerah Grammy ke-52. <> Di mana kejadian mic-grab Kanye yang terkenal berlaku? || 2009 MTV Video Music Awards <> Dari siapa yang Kanye merebut mic daripada membuat kenyataannya? || Taylor Swift <> Lawatan Kanye dengan artis apa yang dibatalkan berikutan kecamannya di VMA? || Lady Gaga <> Pada tahun berapa banyak kontroversi Kanye yang berlaku sekarang? || 2009 <> Apa artis yang membuat Kanye West mengganggu Taylor Swift untuk mempertahankan? || Beyonc\u00e9 <> Artis mana yang dikunjungi Kanye, tetapi tidak boleh kerana kontroversi Taylor Swift? || Lady Gaga <> Apa majlis anugerah Kanye tidak menerima apa-apa pencalonan selepas kontroversi MTV? || Anugerah Grammy ke-52", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did Kanye's famous mic-grab incident occur at?", "id": "56cf6b6f4df3c31400b0d76b", "answers": [{"text": "2009 MTV Video Music Awards", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From who did Kanye grab the mic from to make his statement?", "id": "56cf6b6f4df3c31400b0d76c", "answers": [{"text": "Taylor Swift", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Kanye's tour with what artist was cancelled following his outburst at the VMA's?", "id": "56cf6b6f4df3c31400b0d76e", "answers": [{"text": "Lady Gaga", "answer_start": 538}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Kanye's biggest controversy so far take place?", "id": "56d10b8517492d1400aab7f0", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What artist did Kanye West interrupt Taylor Swift to defend?", "id": "56d10b8517492d1400aab7f1", "answers": [{"text": "Beyonc\u00e9", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which artist was Kanye supposed to tour with, but couldn't due to the Taylor Swift controversy?", "id": "56d10b8517492d1400aab7f2", "answers": [{"text": "Lady Gaga", "answer_start": 538}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What awards ceremony did Kanye not receive any nominations for after the MTV controversy?", "id": "56d10b8517492d1400aab7f3", "answers": [{"text": "52nd Grammy Awards", "answer_start": 710}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West's controversial incident the following year at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards was arguably his biggest controversy, and led to widespread outrage throughout the music industry. During the ceremony, West crashed the stage and grabbed the microphone from winner Taylor Swift in order to proclaim that, instead, Beyonc\u00e9's video for \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\", nominated for the same award, was \"one of the best videos of all time\". He was subsequently withdrawn from the remainder of the show for his actions. West's tour with Lady Gaga was cancelled in response to the controversy, and it was suggested that the incident was partially responsible for 808s & Heartbreak's lack of nominations at the 52nd Grammy Awards."}], ["Sesi untuk usaha solo keenam di Barat mula terbentuk pada awal 2013 di ruang tamu sendiri di loteng di sebuah hotel di Paris. Bertekad untuk \"menjejaskan komersial\", beliau sekali lagi membawa bersama rakan usaha sama rapat dan cuba memasukkan gerai Chicago, dancehall, rumah asid, dan muzik perindustrian. Terutama yang diilhamkan oleh seni bina, kecenderungan perfeksionis Barat menyebabkan dia menghubungi penghasil Rick Rubin lima belas hari dari tarikh yang sepatutnya untuk menyingkirkan bunyi rekod memihak kepada pendekatan yang lebih minimalis. Promosi awal album keenamnya termasuk unjuran video di seluruh dunia mengenai muzik album dan persembahan televisyen secara langsung. Yeezus, album keenam Barat, telah dikeluarkan pada 18 Jun 2013 untuk merasakan ulasan daripada pengkritik. Ia menjadi debut nombor enam berturut-turut rapper, tetapi juga menandakan jualan minggu pembukaan solo terendahnya. Def Jam mengeluarkan \"Black Skinhead\" kepada radio pada Julai 2013 sebagai single lead album. Pada 6 September 2013, Kanye West mengumumkan bahawa beliau akan menjadi pelawat solo pertamanya dalam tempoh lima tahun, untuk menyokong Yeezus, bersama rakan rapper Amerika, Kendrick Lamar yang mengiringi dia sepanjang perjalanan. <> Di mana Kanye memulakan pengeluaran pada album keenamnya? || Paris <> Apa yang menjadi nama album studio keenamnya? || Yeezus <> Siapa yang melawat Kanye bersama untuk mempromosikan usaha Yeezus? || Kendrick Lamar <> Pada tahun apakah Kanye West mula bekerja pada album keenamnya? || 2013 <> Apa inspirasi di belakang keputusan Kanye West untuk memanggil Rick Rubin? || seni bina <> Apakah nama album keenam Kanye itu? || Yeezus <> Pada tarikh apa Yeezus dibebaskan? || 18 Jun 2013 <> Apa artis yang membuat Kanye pergi bersama sambil mempromosikan album nombor enam? || Kendrick Lamar", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did Kanye begin production on his sixth album?", "id": "56cf71dc4df3c31400b0d7a9", "answers": [{"text": "Paris", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What became the name of his sixth studio album?", "id": "56cf71dc4df3c31400b0d7ac", "answers": [{"text": "Yeezus", "answer_start": 653}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Kanye tour alongside of in order to promote the efforts of Yeezus?", "id": "56cf71dc4df3c31400b0d7ad", "answers": [{"text": "Kendrick Lamar", "answer_start": 1079}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Kanye West begin working on his sixth album?", "id": "56d10ec717492d1400aab85a", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the inspiration behind Kanye West's decision to call Rick Rubin?", "id": "56d10ec717492d1400aab85b", "answers": [{"text": "architecture", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Kanye's sixth album?", "id": "56d10ec717492d1400aab85c", "answers": [{"text": "Yeezus", "answer_start": 653}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was Yeezus released?", "id": "56d10ec717492d1400aab85d", "answers": [{"text": "June 18, 2013", "answer_start": 694}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What artist did Kanye go on tour with while promoting album number six?", "id": "56d10ec717492d1400aab85e", "answers": [{"text": "Kendrick Lamar", "answer_start": 1079}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Sessions for West's sixth solo effort begin to take shape in early 2013 in his own personal loft's living room at a Paris hotel. Determined to \"undermine the commercial\", he once again brought together close collaborators and attempted to incorporate Chicago drill, dancehall, acid house, and industrial music. Primarily inspired by architecture, West's perfectionist tendencies led him to contact producer Rick Rubin fifteen days shy of its due date to strip down the record's sound in favor of a more minimalist approach. Initial promotion of his sixth album included worldwide video projections of the album's music and live television performances. Yeezus, West's sixth album, was released June 18, 2013 to rave reviews from critics. It became the rapper's sixth consecutive number one debut, but also marked his lowest solo opening week sales. Def Jam issued \"Black Skinhead\" to radio in July 2013 as the album's lead single. On September 6, 2013, Kanye West announced he would be headlining his first solo tour in five years, to support Yeezus, with fellow American rapper Kendrick Lamar accompanying him along the way."}], ["Setelah pada mulanya mengumumkan sebuah album baru bertajuk So Help Me God dijadwalkan untuk pembebasan 2014, pada bulan Mac 2015 West mengumumkan bahawa album tersebut akan secara sementara disebut SWISH. Kemudian pada bulan itu, West dianugerahi doktor kehormat oleh Sekolah Seni Institut Chicago kerana sumbangannya kepada muzik, fesyen, dan budaya popular, secara rasmi menjadikannya DFA kehormat. Bulan depan, West mengetuai di Festival Glastonbury di UK, walaupun petisyen ditandatangani oleh hampir 135,000 orang berbanding penampilannya. Pada satu ketika, beliau memberitahu penonton: \"Anda kini menonton bintang rock yang paling hebat di planet ini.\" Kedai-kedai media, termasuk laman media sosial seperti Twitter, telah banyak membahagikan prestasinya. NME menyatakan, \"Keputusan untuk menempah West for the slot telah membuktikan kontroversi sejak pengumumannya, dan pertunjukan itu sendiri muncul untuk memecahkan kedua-dua penonton Glastonbury dan mereka yang ditonton untuk menonton di TV mereka.\" Penerbitan itu menambah bahawa \"dia membiarkan muziknya bercakap dan membuktikan dirinya sendiri.\" The Guardian berkata bahawa \"set nya mempunyai keganasan yang kuat - tetapi terdapat jurang dan gagap, dan dia memotong angka tunggal aneh di depan orang ramai.\" <> Apa yang Kanye menukar tajuk album terperinci seterusnya dari So Help Me God? || SWISH <> Dari institusi mana Kanye menerima doktor kehormat? || Institut Seni Chicago <> Berapa banyak orang yang menandatangani petisyen untuk menjaga Kanye mula berkinerja di Festival Glastonbury? || 135,000 <> Apakah nama asal album Kanye \"SWISH\"? || Jadi Bantu Saya Tuhan <> Sekolah apa yang dianugerahkan Kanye west sebagai doktor kehormat? || Sekolah Institut Seni Chicago <> Berapa banyak orang yang mempersembahkan pertunjukannya di Festival Muzik Glastonbury di UK? || 135,000", {"qas": [{"question": "What did Kanye change the title of his next planned album from So Help Me God to?", "id": "56cf741f4df3c31400b0d7bb", "answers": [{"text": "SWISH", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From which institution did Kanye receive an honorary doctorate?", "id": "56cf741f4df3c31400b0d7bc", "answers": [{"text": "Art Institute of Chicago", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people signed a petition to keep Kanye from performing at Glastonbury Festival?", "id": "56cf741f4df3c31400b0d7bd", "answers": [{"text": "135,000", "answer_start": 487}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the original name of Kanye's album \"SWISH\"?", "id": "56d1109717492d1400aab88e", "answers": [{"text": "So Help Me God", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What school awarded Kanye west an honorary doctorate?", "id": "56d1109717492d1400aab88f", "answers": [{"text": "School of the Art Institute of Chicago", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people petitioned his show at the Glastonbury Music Festival in the UK?", "id": "56d1109717492d1400aab890", "answers": [{"text": "135,000", "answer_start": 487}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Having initially announced a new album entitled So Help Me God slated for a 2014 release, in March 2015 West announced that the album would instead be tentatively called SWISH. Later that month, West was awarded an honorary doctorate by the School of the Art Institute of Chicago for his contributions to music, fashion, and popular culture, officially making him an honorary DFA. The next month, West headlined at the Glastonbury Festival in the UK, despite a petition signed by almost 135,000 people against his appearance. At one point, he told the audience: \"You are now watching the greatest living rock star on the planet.\" Media outlets, including social media sites such as Twitter, were sharply divided on his performance. NME stated, \"The decision to book West for the slot has proved controversial since its announcement, and the show itself appeared to polarise both Glastonbury goers and those who tuned in to watch on their TVs.\" The publication added that \"he's letting his music speak for and prove itself.\" The Guardian said that \"his set has a potent ferocity \u2013 but there are gaps and stutters, and he cuts a strangely lone figure in front of the vast crowd.\""}], ["Pada bulan Jun 2013, keperibadian Barat dan televisyen Kim Kardashian mengumumkan kelahiran anak pertama mereka, Utara. Pada bulan Oktober 2013, pasangan itu mengumumkan penglibatan mereka untuk perhatian media yang meluas. November 2013, West menyatakan bahawa dia mula bekerja di album studio seterusnya, dengan harapan dapat melepaskannya pada pertengahan 2014, dengan pengeluaran oleh Rick Rubin dan Q-Tip. Pada bulan Disember 2013, Adidas mengumumkan permulaan kolaborasi pakaian rasmi dengan West, untuk menjadi perdana pada tahun berikutnya. Pada bulan Mei 2014, West dan Kardashian telah berkahwin dalam majlis peribadi di Florence, Itali, dengan pelbagai artis dan selebriti yang hadir. West mengeluarkan single \"Only One\", yang memaparkan Paul McCartney, pada 31 Disember 2014. \"FourFiveSeconds\", yang dihasilkan secara bersama dengan Rihanna dan McCartney, dikeluarkan pada Januari 2015. West juga muncul pada Hari Jadi Malam Sabtu 40 Tahun Khas , di mana dia melancarkan sebuah lagu baru berjudul \"Wolves\", yang menampilkan Sia Furler dan rekan rapis Chicago, Vic Mensa. Pada bulan Februari 2015, West mempamerkan kolaborasi pakaiannya dengan Adidas, bertajuk Yeezy Season 1, untuk ulasan positif secara umumnya. Ini termasuk kasut Yeezy Boost Barat. Pada bulan Mac 2015, West mengeluarkan \"All Day\" tunggal yang memaparkan Theophilus London, Allan Kingdom dan Paul McCartney. West menyanyikan lagu itu pada Anugerah BRIT 2015 dengan sejumlah rapper Amerika Syarikat dan UK monyet MC termasuk: Skepta, Wiley, Novelist, Fekky, Krept & Konan, Stormzy, Allan Kingdom, Theophilus London dan Vic Mensa. Dia akan memain perdana lelaran kedua garisan pakaiannya, Yeezy Season 2, pada September 2015 di New York Fashion Week. <> Apa nama anak pertama Kanye dengan Kim Kardashian? || Utara <> Apa jenama yang ditetapkan untuk bekerjasama pada garis pakaian dengan Kanye? || Adidas <> Apa artis British yang terkenal dengan Kanye dalam pelbagai perseorangan? || Paul McCartney <> Di mana Kanye melaksanakan \"All Day\" tunggal dengan artis lain? || 2015 BRIT Awards <> Siapa anak pertama Kanye? || Kim Kardashian <> Apakah nama anak pertama Kanye West? || Utara <> Di bandar Itali apa yang Kim Kardashian dan Kanye West berkahwin? || Florence <> Apa musisi yang menyertai Kanye West pada lagu \"Hanya Satu\"? || Paul McCartney <> Apakah nama garis pakaian Adidas oleh Kanye West yang dibebaskan pada tahun 2013? || Yeezy Musim 1", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of Kanye's first child with Kim Kardashian?", "id": "56cf737e4df3c31400b0d7b3", "answers": [{"text": "North", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What brand set to collaborate on an apparel line with Kanye?", "id": "56cf737e4df3c31400b0d7b4", "answers": [{"text": "Adidas", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What famous British artist worked with Kanye on multiple singles?", "id": "56cf737e4df3c31400b0d7b5", "answers": [{"text": "Paul McCartney", "answer_start": 675}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Kanye perform his single \"All Day\" with a menagerie of other artists?", "id": "56cf737e4df3c31400b0d7b6", "answers": [{"text": "2015 BRIT Awards", "answer_start": 1317}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the mother of Kanye's first child?", "id": "56d10fb217492d1400aab876", "answers": [{"text": "Kim Kardashian", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Kanye West's first child's name?", "id": "56d10fb217492d1400aab877", "answers": [{"text": "North", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what Italian city were Kim Kardashian and Kanye West wed?", "id": "56d10fb217492d1400aab878", "answers": [{"text": "Florence", "answer_start": 555}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What musician joined Kanye West on the song \"Only One\"?", "id": "56d10fb217492d1400aab879", "answers": [{"text": "Paul McCartney", "answer_start": 675}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the Adidas clothing line by Kanye West that he released in 2013?", "id": "56d10fb217492d1400aab87a", "answers": [{"text": "Yeezy Season 1", "answer_start": 1078}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In June 2013, West and television personality Kim Kardashian announced the birth of their first child, North. In October 2013, the couple announced their engagement to widespread media attention. November 2013, West stated that he was beginning work on his next studio album, hoping to release it by mid-2014, with production by Rick Rubin and Q-Tip. In December 2013, Adidas announced the beginning of an official apparel collaboration with West, to be premiered the following year. In May 2014, West and Kardashian were married in a private ceremony in Florence, Italy, with a variety of artists and celebrities in attendance. West released a single, \"Only One\", featuring Paul McCartney, on December 31, 2014. \"FourFiveSeconds\", a single jointly produced with Rihanna and McCartney, was released in January 2015. West also appeared on the Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special, where he premiered a new song entitled \"Wolves\", featuring Sia Furler and fellow Chicago rapper, Vic Mensa. In February 2015, West premiered his clothing collaboration with Adidas, entitled Yeezy Season 1, to generally positive reviews. This would include West's Yeezy Boost sneakers. In March 2015, West released the single \"All Day\" featuring Theophilus London, Allan Kingdom and Paul McCartney. West performed the song at the 2015 BRIT Awards with a number of US rappers and UK grime MC's including: Skepta, Wiley, Novelist, Fekky, Krept & Konan, Stormzy, Allan Kingdom, Theophilus London and Vic Mensa. He would premiere the second iteration of his clothing line, Yeezy Season 2, in September 2015 at New York Fashion Week."}], ["Pada bulan Disember 2015, West mengeluarkan lagu bertajuk \"Fakta\". Dia mengumumkan pada Januari 2016 di Twitter bahawa SWISH akan dibebaskan pada 11 Februari, selepas melepaskan lagu baru \"Kawan-Kisah Nyata\" dan coretan \"Tiada Lagi Pihak di L.A.\" dengan Kendrick Lamar. Ini juga menghidupkan semula inisiatif BULAN BAIK di mana Kanye melepaskan single baru setiap hari Jumaat. Pada 26 Januari 2016, West mendedahkan beliau telah menamakan semula album dari SWISH to Waves, dan juga mengumumkan perdana garisan pakaian Yeezy Season 3 di Madison Square Garden. Pada awal 2016, beberapa minggu sebelum pelepasan album barunya, West menjadi terlibat dalam perbalahan media sosial yang singkat dengan rapper Wiz Khalifa di Twitter yang akhirnya melibatkan bekas rakan kongsi mereka bersama, Amber Rose, yang membantah penyebutan Barat anaknya dan Khalifa. Perseteruan itu melibatkan tuduhan oleh Rose mengenai hubungan seksualnya dengan Barat, dan mendapat perhatian media yang signifikan. Sehingga 2 Februari 2016, Barat dan Khalifa telah berdamai. Beberapa hari sebelum pelepasan album, West kembali mengubah gelaran, kali ini kepada The Life of Pablo. Pada 11 Februari, West memamerkan album di Madison Square Garden sebagai sebahagian daripada persembahan garisan pakaian Yeezy Season 3 beliau. Berikutan pratonton, West mengumumkan bahawa beliau akan mengubah senarai lagu sekali lagi sebelum dibebaskan kepada orang ramai, dan melambatkan lagi pelepasannya untuk memuktamadkan rakaman trek \"Gelombang\" pada arahan penulis bersama Chance the Rapper. Dia melancarkan album eksklusif pada Tidal pada 14 Februari 2016 berikutan prestasi di SNL. <> Apakah tarikh keluaran tentatif yang diumumkan untuk album studio seterusnya Kanye? || 11 Februari <> Apa album seterusnya Kanye yang dinamakan semula? || Gelombang <> Dengan apa yang dikatakan rapper lain Kanye barat mempunyai perselisihan Twitter pada awal 2016? || Wiz Khalifa <> Apa yang menjadi tajuk akhir album seterusnya Kanye? || Kehidupan Pablo <> Platform apa yang Life of Pablo secara rasminya dikeluarkan? || Tidal <> Apa lagu oleh West yang debutnya pada bulan Disember 2015? || \"Fakta\" <> Pada 26 Januari 2016, Kanye memberitahu dunia dia menukar nama albumnya yang berikutnya dari SWISH ke apa? || Gelombang <> Apa artis yang membuat Kanye West mempunyai perselisihan dengan Amber Rose? || Wiz Khalifa <> Apa nama garis pakaian Kanye yang ditayangkan di Madison Square Garden? || Yeezy Musim 3", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the tentative release date announced for Kanye's next studio album?", "id": "56cf74cf4df3c31400b0d7c1", "answers": [{"text": "February 11", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Kanye's next album renamed again to?", "id": "56cf74cf4df3c31400b0d7c2", "answers": [{"text": "Waves", "answer_start": 414}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With what other rapper did Kanye west have a Twitter feud with in early 2016?", "id": "56cf74cf4df3c31400b0d7c3", "answers": [{"text": "Wiz Khalifa", "answer_start": 658}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What became the final title of Kanye's next album?", "id": "56cf74cf4df3c31400b0d7c4", "answers": [{"text": "The Life of Pablo", "answer_start": 1072}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What platform was The Life of Pablo officially released on?", "id": "56cf74cf4df3c31400b0d7c5", "answers": [{"text": "Tidal", "answer_start": 1508}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song  by West was debuted in December 2015?", "id": "56d1119817492d1400aab89e", "answers": [{"text": "\"Facts\"", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On January 26, 2016, Kanye told the world he changed the name of his next album from SWISH to what?", "id": "56d1119817492d1400aab8a0", "answers": [{"text": "Waves", "answer_start": 414}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What artist did Kanye West have a feud with over Amber Rose?", "id": "56d1119817492d1400aab8a1", "answers": [{"text": "Wiz Khalifa", "answer_start": 658}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Kanye's clothing line premiered at Madison Square Garden?", "id": "56d1119817492d1400aab8a2", "answers": [{"text": "Yeezy Season 3", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In December 2015, West released a song titled \"Facts\". He announced in January 2016 on Twitter that SWISH would be released on February 11, after releasing new song \"Real Friends\" and a snippet of \"No More Parties in L.A.\" with Kendrick Lamar. This also revived the GOOD Fridays initiative in which Kanye releases new singles every Friday. On January 26, 2016, West revealed he had renamed the album from SWISH to Waves, and also announced the premier of his Yeezy Season 3 clothing line at Madison Square Garden. In early 2016, several weeks prior to the release of his new album, West became embroiled in a short-lived social media altercation with rapper Wiz Khalifa on Twitter that eventually involved their mutual ex-partner, Amber Rose, who protested to West's mention of her and Khalifa's child. The feud involved allegations by Rose concerning her sexual relationship with West, and received significant media attention. As of February 2, 2016, West and Khalifa had reconciled. Several days ahead of the album's release, West again changed the title, this time to The Life of Pablo. On February 11, West premiered the album at Madison Square Garden as part of the presentation of his Yeezy Season 3 clothing line. Following the preview, West announced that he would be modifying the track list once more before its release to the public, and further delayed its release to finalize the recording of the track \"Waves\" at the behest of co-writer Chance the Rapper. He released the album exclusively on Tidal on 14 February 2016 following a performance on SNL."}], ["Pada bulan Ogos 2008, West mendedahkan rancangan untuk membuka 10 restoran Fatburger di kawasan Chicago; yang pertama kali dibuka pada September 2008 di Orland Park. Yang kedua diikuti pada bulan Januari 2009, sementara lokasi ketiga masih belum diturunkan, walaupun prosesnya sedang diselesaikan. Syarikatnya, KW Foods LLC, membeli hak untuk rantai di Chicago. Pada akhirnya, pada tahun 2009, hanya dua lokasi sebenarnya dibuka. Pada bulan Februari 2011, West menutup Fatburger yang terletak di Orland Park. Kemudian pada tahun itu, lokasi Beverly yang lain juga ditutup. <> Rangkaian restoran apa yang Kanye bercita-cita untuk membuka di Chicago asli? || Fatburger <> Berapa banyak restoran yang dibuka Kanye? || 2 <> Apa yang berlaku kepada rantai Fatburger yang ditubuhkan Kanye? || Tutup <> Apa nama restoran Kanye yang dilancarkan dia dibuka? || Fatburger <> Berapa banyak restoran Fatburger Kanye yang sebenarnya dibuka? || 2 <> Bilakah restoran Fatburger terakhir Kanye ditutup? || 2011 <> Apakah nama syarikat makanan Kanye West? || KW Foods LLC", {"qas": [{"question": "What restaurant chain did Kanye aspire to open in his native Chicago?", "id": "56cf79be4df3c31400b0d80d", "answers": [{"text": "Fatburger", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many restaurants did Kanye open?", "id": "56cf79be4df3c31400b0d80e", "answers": [{"text": "2", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened to the Fatburger chains that Kanye established?", "id": "56cf79be4df3c31400b0d80f", "answers": [{"text": "shut down", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the restaurant Kanye annouced he was opening?", "id": "56d11a9217492d1400aab975", "answers": [{"text": "Fatburger", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many  of Kanye's Fatburger restaurants were actually opened?", "id": "56d11a9217492d1400aab976", "answers": [{"text": "2", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Kanye's last Fatburger restaurant closed?", "id": "56d11a9217492d1400aab977", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 413}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Kanye West's food company?", "id": "56d11a9217492d1400aab978", "answers": [{"text": "KW Foods LLC", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In August 2008, West revealed plans to open 10 Fatburger restaurants in the Chicago area; the first was set to open in September 2008 in Orland Park. The second followed in January 2009, while a third location is yet to be revealed, although the process is being finalized. His company, KW Foods LLC, bought the rights to the chain in Chicago. Ultimately, in 2009, only two locations actually opened. In February 2011, West shut down the Fatburger located in Orland Park. Later that year, the remaining Beverly location also was shuttered."}], ["Album kelima Barat, My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, telah diperhatikan oleh para penulis untuk estetika maksimalisnya dan penggabungan unsur-unsur dari empat album terdahulu di Barat. Entertainment Weekly Simon Vozick-Levinson berpendapat bahawa unsur-unsur seperti itu \"semua berulang di pelbagai titik\", iaitu \"jiwa mewah dari 2004 The College Dropout, kegembiraan simfonik Pendaftaran Lewat, gloss 2007, dan elektro emosi pada tahun 808an tahun 2008 & Heartbreak \". Sean Fennessey dari Village Voice menulis bahawa West \"menyerap hadiah kolaborator yang dipilihnya, dan kadang-kadang mengangkat mereka\" pada album studio sebelumnya, mencatatkan kolaborator dan elemen sebagai Jon Brion untuk Pendaftaran Lewat, DJ Toomp untuk Graduation, dan Kid Cudi untuk 808s & Heartbreak. <> Apakah album kelima Kanye bertajuk? || <B> Apa wartawan menarik perbandingan antara My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy dan album Kanye yang lain? || Simon Vozick-Levinson <> Apa artis yang berkolaborasi dengan Kanye West untuk Pendaftaran Lewat albumnya? || Jon Brion <> Artis apa yang bekerja dengan Kanye di Graduation albumnya? || DJ Toomp <> Kid Cudi menyertai Kanye untuk album mana? || 808s & Heartbreak <> Album mana yang oleh Kanye West telah dibincangkan oleh para penulis untuk mempunyai estetika maksimalis? || Fantasy Twisted Cantik Saya", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Kanye's fifth album titled? ", "id": "56cf776c4df3c31400b0d7ed", "answers": [{"text": "My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What journalist drew comparisons between My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy and other Kanye albums?", "id": "56cf776c4df3c31400b0d7ee", "answers": [{"text": "Simon Vozick-Levinson", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What musician collaborated with Kanye West for his album Late Registration?", "id": "56d1162117492d1400aab8e4", "answers": [{"text": "Jon Brion", "answer_start": 688}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What artist worked with Kanye on his album Graduation?", "id": "56d1162117492d1400aab8e5", "answers": [{"text": "DJ Toomp", "answer_start": 721}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Kid Cudi joined Kanye for which album?", "id": "56d1162117492d1400aab8e6", "answers": [{"text": "808s & Heartbreak", "answer_start": 462}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which album by Kanye West has been talked about by writers for having maximalist aesthetic?", "id": "56d1162117492d1400aab8e7", "answers": [{"text": "My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West's fifth album, My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, has been noted by writers for its maximalist aesthetic and its incorporation of elements from West's previous four albums. Entertainment Weekly's Simon Vozick-Levinson perceives that such elements \"all recur at various points\", namely \"the luxurious soul of 2004's The College Dropout, the symphonic pomp of Late Registration, the gloss of 2007's Graduation, and the emotionally exhausted electro of 2008's 808s & Heartbreak\". Sean Fennessey of The Village Voice writes that West \"absorb[ed] the gifts of his handpicked collaborators, and occasionally elevat[ed] them\" on previous studio albums, noting collaborators and elements as Jon Brion for Late Registration, DJ Toomp for Graduation, and Kid Cudi for 808s & Heartbreak."}], ["Dengan album ketiganya, Graduation (2007), West berpindah dari bunyi siaran terdahulu dan ke arah soundscape yang lebih berpengaruh, rock-tinged, elektronik. Evolusi musik muncul dari dia mendengarkan genre musik yang merangkumi Britpop Eropa dan Euro-disco, alternatif Amerika dan indie-rock, dan rumah asalnya Chicago. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, West menarik banyak instrumen hidup yang mencirikan album terdahulu dan menggantikannya dengan synthesizers berat, gencatan sintetik, cerobong rave, rentetan rumah, irama elektro-disko, dan pelbagai bunyi elektronik termodulat dan kesan audio digital. Di samping itu, Barat menarik inspirasi muzik dari arena rock arena seperti The Rolling Stones, U2, dan Led Zeppelin dari segi perkembangan melodi dan kord. <> Apa nama rekod ketiga Kanye? || Pengijazahan <> Apa arah muzik yang dilakukan Kanye dengan album ketiga? || lebih banyak atmospheric, rock-tinged, soundscape yang dipengaruhi oleh elektronik <> Kanye menarik inspirasi dari The Rolling Stones, U2, dan Led Zeppelin dalam apa cara? || melodi dan perkembangan kord <> Tahun apa album ketiga Kanye West dibebaskan? || 2007", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of Kanye's third record?", "id": "56cf76924df3c31400b0d7e1", "answers": [{"text": "Graduation", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What musical direction did Kanye take with his third album?", "id": "56cf76924df3c31400b0d7e2", "answers": [{"text": "more atmospheric, rock-tinged, electronic-influenced soundscape", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Kanye drew inspiration from The Rolling Stones, U2, and Led Zeppelin in what ways?", "id": "56cf76924df3c31400b0d7e3", "answers": [{"text": "melody and chord progression", "answer_start": 778}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Kanye West's third album released?", "id": "56d113b717492d1400aab8b2", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "With his third album, Graduation (2007), West moved away from the sound of his previous releases and towards a more atmospheric, rock-tinged, electronic-influenced soundscape. The musical evolution arose from him listening to music genres encompassing European Britpop and Euro-disco, American alternative and indie-rock, and his native Chicago house. Towards this end, West retracted much of the live instrumentation that characterized his previous album and replaced it with heavy, gothic synthesizers, distorted synth-chords, rave stabs, house beats, electro-disco rhythms, and a wide array of modulated electronic noises and digital audio-effects. In addition, West drew musical inspiration from arena rock bands such as The Rolling Stones, U2, and Led Zeppelin in terms of melody and chord progression."}], ["Pada bulan September 2005, West mengumumkan bahawa dia akan melepaskan pakaian Pastelle Clothingnya pada musim bunga 2006, dengan menyatakan \"Sekarang saya mempunyai Grammy di bawah sabuk saya dan Pendaftaran Lewat selesai, saya bersedia melancarkan garis pakaian saya pada musim bunga yang akan datang.\" Barisan ini dibangunkan dalam tempoh empat tahun berikut - dengan banyak keping yang diketengahkan oleh West sendiri - sebelum barisan itu akhirnya dibatalkan pada tahun 2009. Pada tahun 2009, West bekerjasama dengan Nike untuk melepaskan kasutnya sendiri, Air Yeezys, dengan versi kedua yang dikeluarkan dalam 2012. Pada bulan Januari 2009, West memperkenalkan garis kasut pertamanya yang direka untuk Louis Vuitton semasa Minggu Fesyen Paris. Barisan ini dibebaskan pada musim panas 2009. Barat juga mempunyai kasut tambahan untuk Bape dan kasut Itali Giuseppe Zanotti. <> Apa yang Kanye mengumumkan dia akan melepaskan setelah memperoleh Grammy pada tahun 2005? || Barisan pakaian <> Apa yang akhirnya menjadi garisan pakaian Kanye pada tahun 2009? || dibatalkan <> Bilakah Kanye West menyerahkan pakaian Pastelle Clothingnya? || September 2005 <> Berapa tahun kelahiran Line Pastelle Clothing Kanye? || 2009 <> Apa syarikat bekerja dengan Kanye pada tahun 2009 untuk mencipta jalur kasut sendiri? || Nike <> Untuk jenama apa yang dibuat Kanye merancang kasut untuk Paris Fashion Week? || Louis Vuitton", {"qas": [{"question": "What did Kanye announce he would release after acquiring a Grammy in 2005?", "id": "56cf78874df3c31400b0d7f7", "answers": [{"text": "clothing line", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What finally become of Kanye's clothing line in 2009?", "id": "56cf78874df3c31400b0d7f9", "answers": [{"text": "cancelled", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Kanye West annouce his Pastelle Clothing line?", "id": "56d118a217492d1400aab91a", "answers": [{"text": "September 2005", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Kanye's Pastelle Clothing Line scrapped?", "id": "56d118a217492d1400aab91c", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 380}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company worked with Kanye in 2009 to create his own shoe line?", "id": "56d118a217492d1400aab91d", "answers": [{"text": "Nike", "answer_start": 418}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what brand did Kanye design a shoe meant for Paris Fashion Week?", "id": "56d118a217492d1400aab91e", "answers": [{"text": "Louis Vuitton", "answer_start": 570}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In September 2005, West announced that he would release his Pastelle Clothing line in spring 2006, claiming \"Now that I have a Grammy under my belt and Late Registration is finished, I am ready to launch my clothing line next spring.\" The line was developed over the following four years \u2013 with multiple pieces teased by West himself \u2013 before the line was ultimately cancelled in 2009. In 2009, West collaborated with Nike to release his own shoe, the Air Yeezys, with a second version released in 2012. In January 2009, West introduced his first shoe line designed for Louis Vuitton during Paris Fashion Week. The line was released in summer 2009. West has additionally designed shoewear for Bape and Italian shoemaker Giuseppe Zanotti."}], ["Menyifatkan album studio keenamnya Yeezus (2013) sebagai \"bantahan terhadap muzik,\" Barat memeluk gaya kasar yang menggabungkan muzik industri, rumah asid, dancehall, punk, electro, dan bor Chicago. Diilhamkan oleh reka bentuk minimalis Le Corbusier dan terutamanya elektronik, album mempunyai ciri-ciri mesin drum yang disengaja dan \"sintetik yang berbunyi seperti mereka yang tidak berfungsi, pemampat resolusi rendah yang menambah aura digital pixel dengan bunyi yang paling analog.\" Untuk tujuan ini, album ini menggabungkan gangguan yang mengingatkan pada CD melompat atau MP3 yang rosak, dan vokal Auto Tuned dimodulasi ke titik di mana ia sukar untuk dimaklumkan. Ia juga meneruskan amalan eklektik Barat: beliau menggunakan sampel \"Buah Strang\" Nina Simone, sebuah sampel Hindi yang tidak jelas pada \"I Am a God\", dan sampel tahun 1970 kumpulan rock Hungary Omega pada \"New Slaves\". \"Pada Penglihatan\" menggambarkan melodi dari \"Khotbah (Dia akan Berikan Kami Apa yang Kita Sungguh Benar)\" oleh Nama Kudus Keluarga Mary Choral. Rolling Stone menamakan album itu sebagai \"kecemerlangan, kerjaya obsesif-kompulsif auto-betul\". <> Apa yang Kanye menyatakan bahawa Yeezus? || sebuah protes kepada muzik <> Apa artis yang membuat inspirasi dari Kanye ketika mengerjakan Yeezus? || Le Corbusier <> Dalam tahun berapa album keenam Kanye West dibebaskan? || 2013 <> Apakah tajuk album keenam Kanye? || Yeezus", {"qas": [{"question": "What did Kanye state that Yeezus was?", "id": "56cf77e34df3c31400b0d7f1", "answers": [{"text": "a protest to music", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What artist did Kanye draw inspiration from when crafting Yeezus?", "id": "56cf77e34df3c31400b0d7f3", "answers": [{"text": "Le Corbusier", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Kanye West's sixth album released?", "id": "56d1177617492d1400aab907", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the title of Kanye's sixth album?", "id": "56d1177617492d1400aab908", "answers": [{"text": "Yeezus", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Describing his sixth studio album Yeezus (2013) as \"a protest to music,\" West embraced an abrasive style that incorporated industrial music, acid house, dancehall, punk, electro, and Chicago drill. Inspired by the minimalist design of Le Corbusier and primarily electronic in nature, the album features distorted drum machines and \"synthesizers that sound like they're malfunctioning, low-resolution samplers that add a pixelated digital aura to the most analog sounds.\" To this end, the album incorporates glitches reminiscent of CD skips or corrupted MP3's, and Auto-Tuned vocals are modulated to a point in which they are difficult to decipher. It also continues West's practice of eclectic samples: he employs a sample of Nina Simone's \"Strange Fruit,\" an obscure Hindi sample on \"I Am a God\", and a sample of 1970s Hungarian rock group Omega on \"New Slaves\". \"On Sight\" interpolates a melody from \"Sermon (He'll Give Us What We Really Need)\" by the Holy Name of Mary Choral Family. Rolling Stone called the album a \"brilliant, obsessive-compulsive career auto-correct\"."}], ["Pada 3 Disember 2013, Adidas secara rasmi mengesahkan perjanjian kerjasama kasut baru dengan Barat. Selepas berbulan-bulan menjangkakan dan khabar angin, Barat mengesahkan pelepasan Adidas Yeezy Boosts dengan pengumuman Twitter mengarahkan peminat ke domain yeezy.supply. Pada tahun 2015, West melancarkan garisan pakaian Yeezy Musimnya, memain peranan Musim 1 dengan kerjasama Adidas pada awal tahun ini. Pelepasan Yeezy Boosts dan kerjasama penuh Adidas telah dipamerkan di New York City pada 12 Februari 2015, dengan streaming percuma ke 50 pawagam di 13 negara di seluruh dunia. Pelepasan awal Adidas Yeezy Boosts terhad kepada 9000 pasangan yang boleh didapati hanya di New York City melalui aplikasi telefon pintar Adidas; Adidas Yeezy Boosts telah terjual dalam masa 10 minit. Kasut yang dikeluarkan di seluruh dunia pada 28 Februari 2015, terhad kepada kedai butik dan kedai Adidas UK. Dia mengikuti Musim 2 kemudian tahun itu di New York Fashion Week. Pada 11 Februari, West melancarkan garisan pakaian Yeezy Season 3 di Madison Square Garden bersempena dengan pratonton album The Life of Pablo. <> Jenama apa yang melanda perjanjian dengan Kanye dan mencetuskan garis pakaian baru? || Adidas <> Berapa banyak \"musim\" pakaian yang dibebaskan Kanye? || 3 <> Apa kasut yang direka oleh Kanye dan dikeluarkan oleh Adidas? || Adidas Yeezy Boosts <> Berapa banyak sepasang kasut yang dijual dalam pelepasan awal di New York City? || 9000 <> Kasut apa yang diumumkan di Twitter oleh Kanye West? || Adidas Yeezy Meningkatkan <> Pada tahun apakah Kanye menjadi perdana garisannya Musim? || 2015 <> Siaran album apa yang bertepatan dengan garisan pakaian Kee's Yeezy Season 3? || Kehidupan Pablo", {"qas": [{"question": "What brand struck a deal with Kanye and sparked a new clothing line?", "id": "56cf796e4df3c31400b0d805", "answers": [{"text": "Adidas", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many \"seasons\" of clothing did Kanye release?", "id": "56cf796e4df3c31400b0d806", "answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the shoes designed by Kanye and released by Adidas called?", "id": "56cf796e4df3c31400b0d807", "answers": [{"text": "Adidas Yeezy Boosts", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many pairs of shoes were sold in the initial release in New York City?", "id": "56cf796e4df3c31400b0d808", "answers": [{"text": "9000", "answer_start": 627}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What shoe was announced on Twitter by Kanye West?", "id": "56d119ff17492d1400aab94d", "answers": [{"text": "Adidas Yeezy Boosts", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Kanye premier his Season line?", "id": "56d119ff17492d1400aab94e", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What album release coincided with Kanye's Yeezy Season 3 clothing line?", "id": "56d119ff17492d1400aab94f", "answers": [{"text": "The Life of Pablo", "answer_start": 1085}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On December 3, 2013, Adidas officially confirmed a new shoe collaboration deal with West. After months of anticipation and rumors, West confirmed the release of the Adidas Yeezy Boosts with a Twitter announcement directing fans to the domain yeezy.supply. In 2015, West unveiled his Yeezy Season clothing line, premiering Season 1 in collaboration with Adidas early in the year. The release of the Yeezy Boosts and the full Adidas collaboration was showcased in New York City on February 12, 2015, with free streaming to 50 cinemas in 13 countries around the world. An initial release of the Adidas Yeezy Boosts was limited to 9000 pairs to be available only in New York City via the Adidas smartphone app; the Adidas Yeezy Boosts were sold out within 10 minutes. The shoes released worldwide on February 28, 2015, were limited to select boutique stores and the Adidas UK stores. He followed with Season 2 later that year at New York Fashion Week. On February 11, West premiered his Yeezy Season 3 clothing line at Madison Square Garden in conjunction with the previewing of his album The Life of Pablo."}], ["Pada 1 Oktober 2011, Kanye West melancarkan label fesyen wanitanya, DW Kanye West di Paris Fashion Week. Dia mendapat sokongan daripada pasangan DSquared2 Dean dan Dan Caten, Olivier Theyskens, Jeremy Scott, Azzedine Ala\u00efa, dan kembar Olsen, yang turut hadir semasa persembahannya. Pertunjukan fesyen sulungnya menerima ulasan bercampur-negatif, dari pemerhatian khas oleh Style.com untuk mengulas komentar oleh The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, International Herald Tribune, Elleuk.com, Daily Telegraph, Harper's Bazaar dan banyak lagi. Pada 6 Mac 2012, West memamerkan garisan fesyen kedua di Paris Fashion Week. Penerimaan baris itu telah dipertingkatkan dengan baik dari persembahan terdahulu, dengan beberapa pengkritik yang menyerlahkan West untuk usaha sophomorenya yang \"lebih baik\". <> Bentuk yang merupakan label fesyen Kanye 2011 direka untuk? || wanita <> Ulasan semacam apakah kipas fesyen Kanye? || Ulasan bercampur-ke-negatif <> Bilakah Kanye debut usaha kedua di dunia fesyen? || 6 Mac 2012 <> Pada hari apakah pakaian wanita Kanye yang memulakan kerjaya? || Oktober 1, 2011 <> Apakah nama garis pakaian wanita Kanye West? || DW Kanye West <> Pada hari apakah garis wanita Kanye yang ditayangkan di Paris fesyen minggu? || 1 Oktober 2011 <> Apakah nama garis fesyen Barat untuk wanita? || DW Kanye West <> Barisan fesyen yang ditunjukkan di Paris menerima apa ulasan? || bercampur-dengan-negatif <> Pada hari apakah West melepaskan garisan fesyen kedua? || 6 Mac 2012", {"qas": [{"question": "Form whom was Kanye's 2011 fashion label designed for?", "id": "56cf78de4df3c31400b0d7ff", "answers": [{"text": "women", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of reviews did Kanye's fashion line spark?", "id": "56cf78de4df3c31400b0d800", "answers": [{"text": "mixed-to-negative reviews", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Kanye debut his second effort in the fashion world?", "id": "56cf78de4df3c31400b0d801", "answers": [{"text": "March 6, 2012", "answer_start": 563}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day was Kanye's women's clothing line debuted?", "id": "56d1191f17492d1400aab936", "answers": [{"text": "October 1, 2011", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Kanye West's women's clothing line?", "id": "56d1191f17492d1400aab937", "answers": [{"text": "DW Kanye West", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day was Kanye's women's line premiered at Paris fashion week? ", "id": "56d461fc2ccc5a1400d83117", "answers": [{"text": "October 1, 2011", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of West's fashion line for women?", "id": "56d461fc2ccc5a1400d83118", "answers": [{"text": "DW Kanye West", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The fashion line shown in Paris received what sort of reviews?", "id": "56d461fc2ccc5a1400d83119", "answers": [{"text": "mixed-to-negative", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day did West release his second fashion line?", "id": "56d461fc2ccc5a1400d8311a", "answers": [{"text": "March 6, 2012", "answer_start": 563}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On October 1, 2011, Kanye West premiered his women's fashion label, DW Kanye West at Paris Fashion Week. He received support from DSquared2 duo Dean and Dan Caten, Olivier Theyskens, Jeremy Scott, Azzedine Ala\u00efa, and the Olsen twins, who were also in attendance during his show. His debut fashion show received mixed-to-negative reviews, ranging from reserved observations by Style.com to excoriating commentary by The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, the International Herald Tribune, Elleuk.com, The Daily Telegraph, Harper's Bazaar and many others. On March 6, 2012, West premiered a second fashion line at Paris Fashion Week. The line's reception was markedly improved from the previous presentation, with a number of critics heralding West for his \"much improved\" sophomore effort."}], ["Untuk album keduanya, Pendaftaran Lewat (2005), dia berkolaborasi dengan pencipta skrip filem Jon Brion dan menarik pengaruh dari pengaruh non-rap seperti Portishead kumpulan trip hop Bahasa Inggeris. Pengeluaran hip-hop bersemangat utama West dengan rancangan orkestrasi pop ruang Brion yang rumit, album ini menggabungkan pelbagai jenis genre yang berbeza dan unsur orkestra yang terkenal, termasuk susunan tali, akord piano, tembakan tembaga, dan riff tanduk di antara instrumentasi simfoni yang lain. Ia juga menggabungkan pelbagai instrumen asing dan vintaj yang tidak tipikal dalam muzik popular, apalagi hip hop, seperti celesta, harpsichord, Chamberlin, synthesizer analog CS-80, loceng Cina dan berimbau, vibraphones, dan marimba. Rolling Stone menerangkan Pendaftaran Lewat sebagai Barat yang mendakwa \"seluruh dunia muzik sebagai turutan hip-hop\" mencatat album itu sebagai \"usaha gila untuk meletupkan setiap klise tentang identiti hip-hop.\" Kritik Robert Christgau menulis bahawa \"tidak pernah hip-hop begitu rumit dan halus muzik.\" Untuk tempoh masa, Kanye West berdiri sebagai bintang pop semasa tunggal untuk melawat dengan seksyen rentetan, seperti yang dapat didengar pada album Live 2006 Orchestration albumnya. <> Apa yang komposer Kanye berkolaborasi untuk rekod keduanya? || Jon Brion <> Unsur-unsur klasik apa yang Brion membawa kepada pengeluaran album Kanye? || Unsur-unsur orkestra, termasuk susunan tali, akord piano, bulu tembaga, dan riff tanduk di antara alat ukur simfoni lain <> Apa jenis orkestra melakukan lawatan Kanye dengan sambil mempromosikan album keduanya? || seksyen rentetan <> Apa komposer yang dibuat oleh Kanye West untuk album keduanya? || Jon Brion <> Apa kumpulan perjalanan Inggeris yang membantu mempengaruhi Kanye dalam album keduanya? || Portishead", {"qas": [{"question": "What composer did Kanye collaborate with for his second record?", "id": "56cf75e24df3c31400b0d7db", "answers": [{"text": "Jon Brion", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What classical elements did Brion bring to the production of Kanye's album?", "id": "56cf75e24df3c31400b0d7dc", "answers": [{"text": "orchestral elements, including string arrangements, piano chords, brass flecks, and horn riffs among other symphonic instrumentation", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of orchestra did Kanye tour with while promoting his second album?", "id": "56cf75e24df3c31400b0d7dd", "answers": [{"text": "a string section", "answer_start": 1112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What composer did Kanye West work with for his second album?", "id": "56d1134017492d1400aab8ae", "answers": [{"text": "Jon Brion", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What English trip-hop group helped influence Kanye on his second album?", "id": "56d1134017492d1400aab8af", "answers": [{"text": "Portishead", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "For his second album, Late Registration (2005), he collaborated with film score composer Jon Brion and drew influence from non-rap influences such as English trip hop group Portishead. Blending West's primary soulful hip hop production with Brion's elaborate chamber pop orchestration, the album experimentally incorporated a wide array of different genres and prominent orchestral elements, including string arrangements, piano chords, brass flecks, and horn riffs among other symphonic instrumentation. It also incorporated a myriad of foreign and vintage instruments not typical in popular music, let alone hip hop, such as a celesta, harpsichord, Chamberlin, CS-80 analog synthesizer, Chinese bells and berimbau, vibraphones, and marimba. Rolling Stone described Late Registration as West claiming \"the whole world of music as hip-hop turf\" chronicling the album as \"his mad quest to explode every clich\u00e9 about hip-hop identity.\" Critic Robert Christgau wrote that \"there's never been hip-hop so complex and subtle musically.\" For a period of time, Kanye West stood as the sole current pop star to tour with a string section, as audible on his 2006 live album Late Orchestration."}], ["Album studio keempat West, 808s & Heartbreak (2008), menandakan pemergian yang lebih radikal daripada penyebarannya yang terdahulu, sebahagian besarnya meninggalkan stylings rap dan hip hop memihak kepada bunyi electropop yang kukuh yang terdiri daripada sintesis maya, mesin drum Roland TR-808, dan trek vokal yang diserlahkan secara eksplisit. Melukis inspirasi daripada artis seperti Gary Numan, TJ Swan dan Boy George, dan mengekalkan pendekatan \"minimum tetapi berfungsi\" ke arah pengeluaran studio album, West meneroka perasaan elektronik yang dihasilkan oleh Auto-Tune dan menggunakan bunyi yang dicipta oleh 808, memanipulasi padangnya untuk menghasilkan suara elektronik yang terdistorsi; dia kemudian berusaha untuk menonjol bunyi mekanikal dengan bunyi tradisional drum taiko dan sami-sami. Muzik album ini mempunyai pengeluaran dan unsur-unsur seperti drum padat, rentetan panjang, pengimejan pengikat, dan piano yang muram, dan membuat perbandingan dengan kerja-kerja 1980-an selepas kumpulan punk dan kumpulan gelombang baru, dengan West sendiri kemudian mengakui hubungan dengan post- kumpulan Joy Group punk. Wartawan Rolling Stone, Matthew Trammell menegaskan bahawa rekodnya lebih awal daripada masa dan menulis dalam artikel 2012, \"Sekarang bahawa muzik popular akhirnya berjaya mengejarnya, 808s & Heartbreak telah mendedahkan dirinya sebagai karya Kanye yang paling rentan, dan mungkin yang paling banyak cemerlang. \" <> Apa jenis bunyi yang Kanye meninggalkan rap dan hiphop untuk album keempatnya? || electropop <> Siapa yang telah diilhamkan oleh Kanye ketika mencipta 808 & Heartbreak? || Gary Numan, TJ Swan dan Boy George <> Apakah jenis instrumen yang terdapat pada album keempatnya? || drum padat, rentetan panjang, pengikat sintesis, dan piano yang suram <> Apa artis lain selain Gary Numan dan TJ Swan membantu mengilhami album keempat Kanye? || Boy George <> Apa lagi jenis kumpulan 1980an album keempat Kanye berbanding dengan gelombang baru? || post-punk <> Artikel mengenai album keempat Kanye yang ditulis oleh Matthew Trammell diterbitkan dalam majalah apa? || Batu yang berguling", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of sound did Kanye abandon a rap and hiphop one for with his fourth album?", "id": "56cf77214df3c31400b0d7e7", "answers": [{"text": "electropop", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Kanye become inspired by while creating 808s & Heartbreak?", "id": "56cf77214df3c31400b0d7e8", "answers": [{"text": "Gary Numan, TJ Swan and Boy George", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What types of instruments are present on his fourth album?", "id": "56cf77214df3c31400b0d7e9", "answers": [{"text": "dense drums, lengthy strings, droning synthesizers, and somber piano", "answer_start": 810}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other artist besides Gary Numan and TJ Swan helped inspire Kanye's fourth album?", "id": "56d114a717492d1400aab8b4", "answers": [{"text": "Boy George", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other type of 1980s group was Kanye's fourth album compared to other than new wave?", "id": "56d114a717492d1400aab8b5", "answers": [{"text": "post-punk", "answer_start": 922}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The article about Kanye's fourth album written by Matthew Trammell was published in what magazine?", "id": "56d114a717492d1400aab8b6", "answers": [{"text": "Rolling Stone", "answer_start": 1043}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West's fourth studio album, 808s & Heartbreak (2008), marked an even more radical departure from his previous releases, largely abandoning rap and hip hop stylings in favor of a stark electropop sound composed of virtual synthesis, the Roland TR-808 drum machine, and explicitly auto-tuned vocal tracks. Drawing inspiration from artists such as Gary Numan, TJ Swan and Boy George, and maintaining a \"minimal but functional\" approach towards the album's studio production, West explored the electronic feel produced by Auto-Tune and utilized the sounds created by the 808, manipulating its pitch to produce a distorted, electronic sound; he then sought to juxtapose mechanical sounds with the traditional sounds of taiko drums and choir monks. The album's music features austere production and elements such as dense drums, lengthy strings, droning synthesizers, and somber piano, and drew comparisons to the work of 1980s post-punk and new wave groups, with West himself later confessing an affinity with British post-punk group Joy Division. Rolling Stone journalist Matthew Trammell asserted that the record was ahead of its time and wrote in a 2012 article, \"Now that popular music has finally caught up to it, 808s & Heartbreak has revealed itself to be Kanye\u2019s most vulnerable work, and perhaps his most brilliant.\""}], ["Kerjaya muzik Barat telah ditakrifkan oleh peralihan gaya yang kerap, dan telah melihatnya mengembangkan dan menjelajah pelbagai pendekatan dan genre muzik yang berbeza sepanjang karyanya. Apabila ditanya mengenai inspirasi muziknya, beliau telah menamakan Quest A Tribe Called, Stevie Wonder, Michael Jackson, George Michael, LL Cool J, Phil Collins dan Madonna sebagai minat awal. Dia juga menggambarkan pemuzik David Bowie sebagai salah satu \"inspirasi yang paling penting\", dan menamakan Puff Daddy sebagai \"tokoh budaya paling penting dalam hidup saya.\" Pada awal kariernya, West mempelopori gaya pengeluaran yang digelar \"soul chipmunk\" yang menggunakan sampel suara vokal, biasanya dari jiwa dan lagu R & B, bersama dengan drum dan instrumentasinya sendiri. Pelancaran utama pertamanya yang memaparkan gaya pensampelan vokal semangatnya ialah \"Ini Tidak Dapat Hidup\", lagu dari Dinasti Jay-Z: Roc La Familia. West telah mengatakan bahawa pengeluar Wu-Tang Clan RZA mempengaruhi dia dalam gayanya, dan telah menamakan Wu-Tang rapper Ghostface Killah dan Ol 'Dirty Bastard sebagai inspirasi. RZA bercakap secara positif tentang perbandingan, yang menyatakan dalam temu bual untuk Rolling Stone, \"Semua yang baik, saya mendapat rasa hormat kepada Kanye [...] [dia] akan memberi inspirasi kepada orang untuk menjadi seperti dia.\" West lebih maju gaya pada album debutnya 2004, The College Dropout. Selepas versi kasar bocor, dia dengan teliti menapis pengeluaran, menambah perkiraan rentetan, paduan suara gospel, dan pengaturcaraan drum yang lebih baik. <> Apa ahli muzik Inggeris yang dikatakan Kanye sebagai salah satu inspirasi terbesarnya? || David Bowie <> Kanye menyatakan bahawa ahli-ahli dari mana kumpulan rap mempengaruhi gaya awalnya? || Wu-Tang Clan <> Apa nama kilang gaya pengeluaran Kanye yang awal. || jiwa tunjang <> Artis mana yang dinamakan oleh Kanye West untuk menjadi \"inspirasi yang paling penting\"? || David Bowie <> Siapa tokoh budaya Kanye yang paling hebat? || Puff Daddy <> Apakah nama lagu yang pertama kali dipaparkan dalam gaya \"chipmunk soul\" Kanye? || \"Ini Tidak Dapat Hidup\"", {"qas": [{"question": "What English musician did Kanye cite as one of his biggest inspirations?", "id": "56cf755f4df3c31400b0d7cb", "answers": [{"text": "David Bowie", "answer_start": 396}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Kanye has stated that members from which rap group influenced his early style?", "id": "56cf755f4df3c31400b0d7cc", "answers": [{"text": "Wu-Tang Clan", "answer_start": 908}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What name did Kanye's early production style coin.", "id": "56cf755f4df3c31400b0d7cd", "answers": [{"text": "chipmunk soul", "answer_start": 601}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What artist was named by Kanye West to be his \"most important inspiration\"?", "id": "56d1126f17492d1400aab8a8", "answers": [{"text": "David Bowie", "answer_start": 396}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Kanye's greatest cultural figure?", "id": "56d1126f17492d1400aab8a9", "answers": [{"text": "Puff Daddy", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the song that first featured Kanye's \"chipmunk soul\" style?", "id": "56d1126f17492d1400aab8aa", "answers": [{"text": "\"This Can't Be Life\"", "answer_start": 817}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West's musical career has been defined by frequent stylistic shifts, and has seen him develop and explore a variety of different musical approaches and genres throughout his work. When asked about his musical inspirations, he has named A Tribe Called Quest, Stevie Wonder, Michael Jackson, George Michael, LL Cool J, Phil Collins and Madonna as early interests. He has further described musician David Bowie as one of his \"most important inspirations,\" and named producer Puff Daddy as the \"most important cultural figure in my life.\" Early in his career, West pioneered a style of production dubbed \"chipmunk soul\" which utilized pitched-up vocal samples, usually from soul and R&B songs, along with his own drums and instrumentation. His first major release featuring his trademark soulful vocal sampling style was \"This Can't Be Life\", a track from Jay-Z\u2019s The Dynasty: Roc La Familia. West has said that Wu-Tang Clan producer RZA influenced him in his style, and has named Wu-Tang rappers Ghostface Killah and Ol' Dirty Bastard as inspirations. RZA spoke positively of the comparisons, stating in an interview for Rolling Stone, \"All good. I got super respect for Kanye [...] [he] is going to inspire people to be like him.\" West further developed his style on his 2004 debut album, The College Dropout. After a rough version was leaked, he meticulously refined the production, adding string arrangements, gospel choirs, and improved drum programming."}], ["Barat juga telah muncul dan mengambil bahagian dalam banyak penggalangan dana, konsert manfaat, dan telah melakukan kerja-kerja komuniti untuk bantuan Taufan Katrina, Yayasan Kanye West, Jutaan Lebih Pergerakan, 100 Lelaki Hitam Amerika, faedah konsert Live Earth, perhimpunan Hari Air Sedunia dan berarak, berjalan Nike, dan veteran MTV yang membantu veteran Perang Iraq muda yang berjuang melalui hutang dan PTSD sebagai peluang kedua selepas pulang ke rumah. <> Apa beberapa usaha amal Kanye west telah menyertai? || 100 Black Men of America, manfaat konsert Live Earth, perhimpunan Hari Air Sedunia", {"qas": [{"question": "What are some charitable efforts Kanye west has participated in?", "id": "56cf7cb54df3c31400b0d843", "answers": [{"text": "100 Black Men of America, a Live Earth concert benefit, World Water Day rally", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West has additionally appeared and participated in many fundraisers, benefit concerts, and has done community work for Hurricane Katrina relief, the Kanye West Foundation, the Millions More Movement, 100 Black Men of America, a Live Earth concert benefit, World Water Day rally and march, Nike runs, and a MTV special helping young Iraq War veterans who struggle through debt and PTSD a second chance after returning home."}], ["Myers bercakap seterusnya dan terus membaca skrip. Apabila giliran Barat bercakap lagi, dia berkata, \"George Bush tidak peduli terhadap orang kulit hitam.\" Pada ketika ini, pengeluar telethon Rick Kaplan memotong mikrofon dan kemudian dipotong ke Chris Tucker, yang tidak menyedari pemotongan selama beberapa saat. Namun, komen West mencapai banyak Amerika Syarikat. <> Apa yang berlaku selepas Kanye membuat kenyataan kontroversi? || Rick Kaplan memotong mikrofon dan kemudian dipotong ke Chris Tucker <> Siapa yang mengatakan Kanye West tidak peduli dengan orang kulit hitam? || George Bush", {"qas": [{"question": "What happened after Kanye made his controversial statement?", "id": "56cf7d414df3c31400b0d849", "answers": [{"text": "Rick Kaplan cut off the microphone and then cut away to Chris Tucker", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Kanye West say doesn't care about black people?", "id": "56d123f217492d1400aaba4f", "answers": [{"text": "George Bush", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Myers spoke next and continued to read the script. Once it was West's turn to speak again, he said, \"George Bush doesn't care about black people.\" At this point, telethon producer Rick Kaplan cut off the microphone and then cut away to Chris Tucker, who was unaware of the cut for a few seconds. Still, West's comment reached much of the United States."}], ["Pada tahun 2008, selepas kematian ibu West, asas itu dirahmati \"Yayasan Dr. Donda West.\" Yayasan itu menghentikan operasinya pada tahun 2011. <> Apakah Yayasan Kanye West dinamakan semula pada tahun 2008? || Yayasan Dr Donda West <> Tahun berapa yayasan berakhir? || 2011 <> Dalam tahun berapa ibu Kanye West lenyap? || 2008 <> Kanye's foundation telah diubah menjadi nama berikut kematian ibunya? || Yayasan Dr Donda West <> Tahun apa yayasan berhenti beroperasi? || 2008", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the Kanye West Foundation renamed to in 2008?", "id": "56cf7c634df3c31400b0d83f", "answers": [{"text": "The Dr. Donda West Foundation", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the foundation end its run?", "id": "56cf7c634df3c31400b0d840", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Kanye West's mother pass away? ", "id": "56d464a92ccc5a1400d8313a", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Kanye's foundation was changed to what name following his mother's death? ", "id": "56d464a92ccc5a1400d8313b", "answers": [{"text": "The Dr. Donda West Foundation", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the foundation stop operating? ", "id": "56d464a92ccc5a1400d8313c", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2008, following the death of West's mother, the foundation was rechristened \"The Dr. Donda West Foundation.\"  The foundation ceased operations in 2011."}], ["West telah menjadi selebriti dan kontroversi selebriti sepanjang kariernya, menerima kedua-dua kritikan dan pujian daripada ramai, termasuk media arus perdana, artis dan penghibur lain, dan dua presiden A.S.. Pada 2 September 2005, semasa konsert manfaat untuk bantuan taufan Katrina di NBC, Konsert untuk Bantuan Badai, Barat (penceramah yang diketuai) menuduh Presiden George W. Bush bukan \"kereta [mengenai] orang kulit hitam\". Ketika West sedang menyaksikan bersama dengan pelakon Mike Myers, dia menyimpang dari skrip yang disediakan untuk mengkritik penggambaran media para korban taufan, mengatakan: <> Semasa acara apa yang dilakukan Kanye mengambil peluang untuk mengkritik usaha Presiden A.S.? || A Concert for Relief Hurricane <> Yang Presiden A.S. telah mengkritik Kanye setelah peristiwa Badai Katrina? || George W. Bush <> Presiden mana yang membuat Kanye West menuduh \"Tidak peduli terhadap orang kulit hitam\"? || George W. Bush Pada hari apakah kritikan George W. Bush yang terkenal Kanye itu berlaku? || 2 September 2005", {"qas": [{"question": "During what show did Kanye take an opportunity to criticize the efforts of a U.S. President?", "id": "56cf7d1f4df3c31400b0d845", "answers": [{"text": "A Concert for Hurricane Relief", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which U.S. President did Kanye criticize after the events of Hurricane Katrina? ", "id": "56cf7d1f4df3c31400b0d846", "answers": [{"text": "George W. Bush", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which President did Kanye West accuse of \"Not caring for black people\"?", "id": "56d1216117492d1400aaba17", "answers": [{"text": "George W. Bush", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day did the Kanye's famous George W. Bush criticism take place?", "id": "56d1216117492d1400aaba18", "answers": [{"text": "September 2, 2005", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West has been an outspoken and controversial celebrity throughout his career, receiving both criticism and praise from many, including the mainstream media, other artists and entertainers, and two U.S. presidents. On September 2, 2005, during a benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina relief on NBC, A Concert for Hurricane Relief, West (a featured speaker) accused President George W. Bush of not \"car[ing] about black people\". When West was presenting alongside actor Mike Myers, he deviated from the prepared script to criticize the media's portrayal of hurricane victims, saying:"}], ["West mengasaskan label rekod dan syarikat pengeluaran GOOD Music pada tahun 2004, bersempena dengan Sony BMG, sejurus selepas melepaskan album debutnya, The College Dropout. John Legend, Common, dan West adalah pelukis sulung pelukis. Labelnya termasuk artis Barat, Big Sean, Pusha T, Teyana Taylor, Yasiin Bey / Mos Def, D'banj dan John Legend, dan pengeluar termasuk Hudson Mohawke, Q-Tip, Travis Scott, No ID, Jeff Bhasker, dan S1 . GOOD Music telah mengeluarkan sepuluh album bersertifikat emas atau lebih tinggi oleh Persatuan Industri Rakaman Amerika (RIAA). Pada November 2015, West dilantik Pusha T presiden baru GOOD Music. <> Apa yang Kanye memanggil label yang ditubuhkan pada tahun 2004? || GOOD Music <> Setakat 2015, siapa yang membuat Kanye sebagai presiden baru GOOD Music? || Pusha T <> Tahun apakah Kanye West membuka syarikat pengeluaran BANYAK dan label rekodnya? || 2004 <> Apa artis lain selain Kanye West dan Common adalah antara yang pertama untuk merakam di GOOD Music? || John Legend <> Siapa yang nama Kanye menjadi Presiden Muzik BAIK pada tahun 2015? || Pusha T", {"qas": [{"question": "What did Kanye call the label he founded in 2004?", "id": "56cf7a5a4df3c31400b0d813", "answers": [{"text": "GOOD Music", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of 2015, who did Kanye choose as the new president of GOOD Music?", "id": "56cf7a5a4df3c31400b0d816", "answers": [{"text": "Pusha T", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Kanye West open his GOOD Music production company and record label?", "id": "56d11bb017492d1400aab999", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other artist besides Kanye West and Common was among the first to record at GOOD Music?", "id": "56d11bb017492d1400aab99a", "answers": [{"text": "John Legend", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Kanye name President of GOOD Music in 2015?", "id": "56d11bb017492d1400aab99c", "answers": [{"text": "Pusha T", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West founded the record label and production company GOOD Music in 2004, in conjunction with Sony BMG, shortly after releasing his debut album, The College Dropout. John Legend, Common, and West were the label's inaugural artists. The label houses artists including West, Big Sean, Pusha T, Teyana Taylor, Yasiin Bey / Mos Def, D'banj and John Legend, and producers including Hudson Mohawke, Q-Tip, Travis Scott, No I.D., Jeff Bhasker, and S1. GOOD Music has released ten albums certified gold or higher by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In November 2015, West appointed Pusha T the new president of GOOD Music."}], ["Pada 5 Januari 2012, West mengumumkan penubuhan syarikat kandungan kreatifnya DONDA, dinamakan sempena ibu beliau yang terakhir Donda West. Dalam pengumumannya, West mengisytiharkan bahawa syarikat itu akan \"mengambil tempat kerja Steve Jobs\"; DONDA akan beroperasi sebagai \"syarikat reka bentuk yang akan merangsang pemikir luar biasa dalam ruang kreatif untuk memantul impian dan idea mereka\" dengan matlamat untuk membuat produk dan pengalaman yang dikehendaki dan mampu oleh orang. \" West amat rahsia mengenai operasi syarikat, tidak menjaga laman web rasmi atau kehadiran media sosial. Dalam menyatakan falsafah kreatif DONDA, Barat menyatakan keperluan untuk \"meletakkan kreatif di dalam bilik bersama dengan minda seperti\" untuk \"memudahkan dan estetik memperbaiki semua yang kita lihat, rasa, sentuhan, dan rasa.\" Pengkritik kontemporari telah memperhatikan estetika minimum yang konsisten yang dipamerkan sepanjang projek kreatif DONDA. <> Apakah matlamat syarikat kreatif Kanye baru DONDA? || untuk membuat produk dan pengalaman yang dikehendaki dan dimiliki oleh orang ramai <> Syarikat kandungan kreatif Kanye DONDA dinamakan selepas siapa? || ibu Donda West <> Pada apa tarikh Kanye pergi awam dengan syarikat DONDA beliau? || 5 Januari 2012", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the goal of Kanye's new creative company DONDA?", "id": "56cf7b7e4df3c31400b0d81c", "answers": [{"text": "to make products and experiences that people want and can afford", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Kanye's creative content company DONDA was named after who?", "id": "56d11c3317492d1400aab9af", "answers": [{"text": "mother Donda West", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did Kanye go public with his DONDA company?", "id": "56d11c3317492d1400aab9b0", "answers": [{"text": "January 5, 2012", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On January 5, 2012, West announced his establishment of the creative content company DONDA, named after his late mother Donda West. In his announcement, West proclaimed that the company would \"pick up where Steve Jobs left off\"; DONDA would operate as \"a design company which will galvanize amazing thinkers in a creative space to bounce their dreams and ideas\" with the \"goal to make products and experiences that people want and can afford.\" West is notoriously secretive about the company's operations, maintaining neither an official website nor a social media presence. In stating DONDA's creative philosophy, West articulated the need to \"put creatives in a room together with like minds\" in order to \"simplify and aesthetically improve everything we see, taste, touch, and feel.\". Contemporary critics have noted the consistent minimalistic aesthetic exhibited throughout DONDA creative projects."}], ["Pada bulan September 2013, Barat ditolak secara meluas oleh kumpulan hak asasi manusia untuk tampil di Kazakhstan pada majlis perkahwinan cucu Presiden Autoritarian Nursultan Nazarbayev. Dia mengembara ke Kazakhstan, yang mempunyai rekod hak asasi manusia paling miskin di dunia, sebagai tetamu peribadi Nazarbayev. Lain-lain pemain terkenal Barat, termasuk Sting, sebelum ini telah membatalkan persembahan di negara ini atas kebimbangan hak asasi manusia. Barat dilaporkan membayar US $ 3 juta untuk penampilannya. Barat sebelum ini telah mengambil bahagian dalam boikot budaya, menyertai Shakira dan Rage Against The Machine dengan enggan tampil di Arizona selepas pelaksanaan undang-undang berhenti dan pencarian 2010 yang diarahkan terhadap alien haram berpotensi. <> Kanye dikritik oleh kumpulan hak asasi manusia untuk melaksanakan di negara apa? || Kazakhstan <> Berapa banyak bayaran Kanye yang akan dilaksanakan di Kazakhstan? || $ 3 juta <> Bagaimana rekod hak asasi manusia Kazakhstan berbanding dengan seluruh dunia? || salah seorang yang termiskin <> Presiden negara mana yang membayar Kanye West untuk tampil di perkahwinan cucunya? || Kazakhstan <> Kanye, Shakira, dan Rage Against the Machine enggan tampil di negeri apa yang disebabkan undang-undang baru terhadap orang asing yang tidak sah? || Arizona <> Atas sebab apakah Sting dan artis lain membatalkan persembahan mereka yang dijadualkan di Kazakhstan? || kebimbangan hak asasi manusia", {"qas": [{"question": "Kanye was criticized by human rights groups for performing in what country?", "id": "56cf7e194df3c31400b0d851", "answers": [{"text": "Kazakhstan", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much was Kanye paid to perform in Kazakhstan?", "id": "56cf7e194df3c31400b0d852", "answers": [{"text": "$3 million", "answer_start": 456}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is Kazakhstan's human rights record compared to the rest of the world?", "id": "56cf7e194df3c31400b0d853", "answers": [{"text": "one of the poorest", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country's President paid Kanye West to perform at his grandson's wedding?", "id": "56d4662d2ccc5a1400d83140", "answers": [{"text": "Kazakhstan", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Kanye, Shakira, and Rage Against the Machine refused to perform in what state due to a new law against illegal aliens?", "id": "56d4662d2ccc5a1400d83142", "answers": [{"text": "Arizona", "answer_start": 614}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what reason did Sting and other artists cancel their scheduled performances in Kazakhstan? ", "id": "56d4662d2ccc5a1400d83143", "answers": [{"text": "human rights concerns", "answer_start": 406}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In September 2013, West was widely rebuked by human rights groups for performing in Kazakhstan at the wedding of authoritarian President Nursultan Nazarbayev's grandson. He traveled to Kazakhstan, which has one of the poorest human rights records in the world, as a personal guest of Nazarbayev. Other notable Western performers, including Sting, have previously cancelled performances in the country over human rights concerns. West was reportedly paid US$3 million for his performance. West had previously participated in cultural boycotts, joining Shakira and Rage Against The Machine in refusing to perform in Arizona after the 2010 implementation of stop and search laws directed against potential illegal aliens."}], ["West, bersama ibunya, mengasaskan \"Yayasan Kanye West\" di Chicago pada tahun 2003, ditugaskan dengan misi untuk melancarkan peperangan dan kadar buta huruf, sambil bergaul dengan organisasi masyarakat untuk menyediakan akses pemuda yang kurang bernasib baik kepada pendidikan muzik. Pada tahun 2007, Barat dan Yayasan bekerjasama dengan Sekolah Amerika Kuat sebagai sebahagian daripada kempen \"Ed in '08\" mereka. Sebagai jurucakap kempen, West muncul dalam satu siri PSA untuk organisasi, dan menjadi tuan rumah konsert manfaat pertama pada bulan Ogos tahun itu. <> Dengan bantuan ibunya, asas apa yang dibuat Kanye awal dalam kerjayanya? || Yayasan Kanye West <> Apa tujuan Yayasan Kanye West? || putus sekolah dan kadar buta huruf, sambil bergaul dengan pertubuhan masyarakat untuk menyediakan akses pemuda yang kurang bernasib baik kepada pendidikan muzik <> Apa yang diasaskan oleh Kanye West dan ibunya? || Yayasan Kanye West <> Dalam tahun apakah Rakan Kongsi Kanye West dengan Sekolah Amerika yang Kuat? || 2007 <> Di manakah \"Yayasan Kanye West\" ditubuhkan? || Chicago <> Apa lagi misi lain selain kadar penurunan dan buta huruf yang Yayasan Kanye West berusaha untuk memperbaiki? || pendidikan muzik <> Apa kempen telah menjadi rakan kongsi Kanye West Foundation pada tahun 2007? || \"Ed dalam '08\" <> Pada bulan apakah konsert perdana yang diadakan untuk kempen \"Ed in '08\"? || Ogos", {"qas": [{"question": "With the help of his mom, what foundation did Kanye create early in his career?", "id": "56cf7c394df3c31400b0d83b", "answers": [{"text": "Kanye West Foundation", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the goal of the Kanye West Foundation?", "id": "56cf7c394df3c31400b0d83c", "answers": [{"text": "battle dropout and illiteracy rates, while partnering with community organizations to provide underprivileged youth access to music education", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was founded by Kanye West and his mother?", "id": "56d11ed617492d1400aab9dd", "answers": [{"text": "Kanye West Foundation", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In What year did the Kanye West Foundation Partner with Strong American Schools? ", "id": "56d4647c2ccc5a1400d83130", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the \"Kanye West Foundation\" founded?", "id": "56d4647c2ccc5a1400d83131", "answers": [{"text": "Chicago", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other mission besides dropout and illiteracy rates did the Kanye West Foundation seek to improve?", "id": "56d4647c2ccc5a1400d83132", "answers": [{"text": "music education", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What campaign did the Kanye West Foundation partner with in 2007?", "id": "56d4647c2ccc5a1400d83133", "answers": [{"text": "\"Ed in '08\"", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month was the inaugural concert held for the \"Ed in '08\" campaign?", "id": "56d4647c2ccc5a1400d83134", "answers": [{"text": "August", "answer_start": 497}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West, alongside his mother, founded the \"Kanye West Foundation\" in Chicago in 2003, tasked with a mission to battle dropout and illiteracy rates, while partnering with community organizations to provide underprivileged youth access to music education. In 2007, the West and the Foundation partnered with Strong American Schools as part of their \"Ed in '08\" campaign. As spokesman for the campaign, West appeared in a series of PSAs for the organization, and hosted an inaugural benefit concert in August of that year."}], ["Pada 30 Mac 2015, ia diumumkan bahawa West adalah pemilik bersama, dengan pelbagai artis muzik lain, dalam perkhidmatan streaming muzik Tidal. Perkhidmatan ini mengkhususkan diri dalam video muzik audio dan definisi tinggi yang tidak dapat dikawal. Jay Z mengakuisisi syarikat induk Tidal, Aspiro, pada suku pertama tahun 2015. Termasuk Beyonc\u00e9 dan Jay-Z, enam pemangku kepentingan artis (seperti Rihanna, Beyonc\u00e9, Madonna, Chris Martin, Nicki Minaj dan lebih) bersama Tidal, dengan majoriti memiliki saham ekuiti 3%. Idea untuk mempunyai semua perkhidmatan streaming artis yang dicipta oleh mereka yang terlibat untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan peningkatan permintaan untuk aliran dalam industri muzik semasa, dan untuk menyaingi perkhidmatan streaming lain seperti Spotify, yang telah dikritik kerana bayaran royalti yang rendah. \"Cabarannya adalah untuk menghargai semua orang untuk menghargai muzik,\" kata Jay-Z mengenai pembebasan Tidal. <> Platform apa yang Kanye dinamakan pemilik bersama pada tahun 2015? || Tidal <> Apa kawan lama Kanye memperoleh Tidal pada tahun 2015? || Jay-Z <> Apakah kritikan platform streaming yang lain mempunyai pendirian Tidal untuk mencabar? || bayaran balik royalti <<Apa perkhidmatan streaming muzik adalah Kanye West pemilik bersama? || Tidal <> Apakah pengkhususan Tidal? || video muzik tanpa had dan video muzik definisi tinggi <> Yang rapper terkenal yang membeli Aspiro? || Jay Z <> Apa perkhidmatan muzik adalah pesaing besar untuk Tidal? || Spotify", {"qas": [{"question": "What platform was Kanye named  a co-owner of in 2015?", "id": "56cf7bf44df3c31400b0d829", "answers": [{"text": "Tidal", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What longtime friend of Kanye acquired Tidal in 2015?", "id": "56cf7bf44df3c31400b0d82a", "answers": [{"text": "Jay-Z", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What criticisms of other streaming platforms does Tidal stand to challenge?", "id": "56cf7bf44df3c31400b0d82c", "answers": [{"text": "low payout of royalties", "answer_start": 739}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What music streaming service is Kanye West a co-owner of?", "id": "56d11c7317492d1400aab9b3", "answers": [{"text": "Tidal", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Tidal's specialization?", "id": "56d463112ccc5a1400d8312a", "answers": [{"text": "lossless audio and high definition music videos", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which famous rapper bought Aspiro?", "id": "56d463112ccc5a1400d8312b", "answers": [{"text": "Jay Z", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What music service is a huge competitor for Tidal?", "id": "56d463112ccc5a1400d8312c", "answers": [{"text": "Spotify", "answer_start": 693}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On March 30, 2015, it was announced that West is a co-owner, with various other music artists, in the music streaming service Tidal. The service specialises in lossless audio and high definition music videos. Jay Z acquired the parent company of Tidal, Aspiro, in the first quarter of 2015. Including Beyonc\u00e9 and Jay-Z, sixteen artist stakeholders (such as Rihanna, Beyonc\u00e9, Madonna, Chris Martin, Nicki Minaj and more) co-own Tidal, with the majority owning a 3% equity stake. The idea of having an all artist owned streaming service was created by those involved to adapt to the increased demand for streaming within the current music industry, and to rival other streaming services such as Spotify, which have been criticised for their low payout of royalties. \"The challenge is to get everyone to respect music again, to recognize its value\", stated Jay-Z on the release of Tidal."}], ["Bush menyatakan dalam temu bual bahawa komen itu adalah \"salah satu momen paling menjijikkan\" kepresidenannya. Pada bulan November 2010, dalam wawancara bertulis dengan Matt Lauer untuk pertunjukan Hari Ini, West melahirkan rasa kesal kerana kritikan terhadap Bush. \"Saya akan memberitahu George Bush pada masa saya kekecewaan, saya tidak mempunyai alasan untuk memanggilnya seorang perkauman,\" katanya kepada Lauer. \"Saya percaya bahawa dalam keadaan emosi yang tinggi seperti itu kita sebagai manusia tidak selalu memilih perkataan yang betul.\" Pada keesokan harinya, Bush bertindak balas terhadap permohonan maaf dalam temu bual secara langsung dengan Lauer berkata beliau menghargai penyesalan rapper itu. \"Saya bukan seorang pembenci\", kata Bush. \"Saya tidak membenci Kanye West Saya bercakap tentang persekitaran di mana orang sanggup mengatakan perkara-perkara yang menyakitkan. Tiada siapa yang mahu dipanggil sebagai perkauman jika di dalam hatimu anda mempercayai kesamaan kaum.\" Reaksi bercampur, tetapi ada yang merasakan bahawa Barat tidak perlu memohon maaf. \"Bukanlah butiran kata-kata anda yang penting, ia adalah intipati perasaan yang tidak sensitif terhadap komuniti kita yang banyak kita rasakan terlalu lama,\" kata Russell Simmons, pengasas Def Jam. Bush sendiri menerima permintaan maaf, berkata, \"Saya menghargai itu bukan hanya Kanye West yang bercakap seperti itu semasa Katrina, saya menyebutnya sebagai contoh, saya memetik orang lain sebagai contoh juga. menghargai itu. \" <> Bagaimana George W. Bush menggambarkan kenyataan kontroversi Kanye? || \"salah satu momen paling menjijikkan\" kepresidenannya <> Kepada pemberita yang membuat Kanye West menyatakan kesal dengan ucapannya tentang Presiden Bush? || Matt Lauer", {"qas": [{"question": "How did George W. Bush describe Kanye's controversial statement?", "id": "56cf7db14df3c31400b0d84b", "answers": [{"text": "\"one of the most disgusting moments\" of his presidency", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To which reporter did Kanye West express regret for his remark about President Bush?", "id": "56d1247817492d1400aaba5a", "answers": [{"text": "Matt Lauer", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bush stated in an interview that the comment was \"one of the most disgusting moments\" of his presidency. In November 2010, in a taped interview with Matt Lauer for the Today show, West expressed regret for his criticism of Bush. \"I would tell George Bush in my moment of frustration, I didn't have the grounds to call him a racist\", he told Lauer. \"I believe that in a situation of high emotion like that we as human beings don't always choose the right words.\" The following day, Bush reacted to the apology in a live interview with Lauer saying he appreciated the rapper's remorse. \"I'm not a hater\", Bush said. \"I don't hate Kanye West. I was talking about an environment in which people were willing to say things that hurt. Nobody wants to be called a racist if in your heart you believe in equality of races.\" Reactions were mixed, but some felt that West had no need to apologize. \"It was not the particulars of your words that mattered, it was the essence of a feeling of the insensitivity towards our communities that many of us have felt for far too long\", argued Def Jam co-founder Russell Simmons. Bush himself was receptive to the apology, saying, \"I appreciate that. It wasn't just Kanye West who was talking like that during Katrina, I cited him as an example, I cited others as an example as well. You know, I appreciate that.\""}], ["Pada bulan Februari 2016, West sekali lagi menjadi terlibat dalam kontroversi apabila dia mencatatkan tweet yang seolah-olah menegaskan tidak bersalah Bill Cosby berikutan lebih 50 wanita membuat tuduhan serangan seksual yang diarahkan di Cosby. <> Apa selebriti lutut mendalam dalam kontroversi melakukan Kanye menyokong dalam tweet 2016? || Bill Cosby <> Apa pelakon Kanye membela di Twitter pada Februari 2016? || Bill Cosby", {"qas": [{"question": "What celebrity knee-deep in controversy did Kanye endorse in a 2016 tweet?", "id": "56cf7f274df3c31400b0d85f", "answers": [{"text": "Bill Cosby", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What actor was Kanye defending on Twitter in February 2016?", "id": "56d1270917492d1400aaba9a", "answers": [{"text": "Bill Cosby", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In February 2016, West again became embroiled in controversy when he posted a tweet seemingly asserting Bill Cosby's innocence in the wake of over 50 women making allegations of sexual assault directed at Cosby."}], ["Pada 30 Ogos 2015, West disampaikan dengan Anugerah Vanguard Video Michael Jackson di MTV Video Music Awards. Dalam ucapan penerimaannya, beliau menyatakan, \"Saya mungkin berfikir sekarang, 'Saya tertanya-tanya apakah dia merokok sesuatu sebelum dia keluar ke sini?' Dan jawapannya ialah: 'Ya, saya menggulung sesuatu yang sedikit, saya mengetuk tepi.' \"Pada akhir ucapannya, dia mengumumkan,\" Saya telah memutuskan pada tahun 2020 untuk bertanding untuk presiden. \" <> Anugerah apa yang ditangkap Kanye pada VMA 2015 MTV? || Anugerah Vanguard Video Michael Jackson <> Bilakah Kanye berniat untuk menjadi presiden? || 2020 <> Apa anugerah yang diberikan kepada Kanye West pada 30 Ogos 2015? || Anugerah Vanguard Video Michael Jackson", {"qas": [{"question": "What award did Kanye capture at the 2015 MTV VMAs?", "id": "56cf81bf234ae51400d9bdc9", "answers": [{"text": "Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When does Kanye intend to run for president?", "id": "56cf81bf234ae51400d9bdca", "answers": [{"text": "2020", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What award was presented to Kanye West on August 30, 2015?", "id": "56d12a1817492d1400aabb1a", "answers": [{"text": "Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On August 30, 2015, West was presented with the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award at the MTV Video Music Awards. In his acceptance speech, he stated, \"Y'all might be thinking right now, 'I wonder did he smoke something before he came out here?' And the answer is: 'Yes, I rolled up a little something. I knocked the edge off.'\" At the end of his speech, he announced, \"I have decided in 2020 to run for president.\""}], ["Pada 8 Februari 2015, di Anugerah Grammy Tahunan ke-57, West berjalan di atas pentas sebagai Beck menerima anugerahnya untuk Album of the Year dan kemudian berjalan di luar panggung, membuat semua orang berfikir dia bercanda. Selepas anugerah tersebut, West menyatakan dalam satu wawancara bahawa dia tidak bercanda dan \"Beck perlu menghormati kesenian, dia sepatutnya memberi anugerah kepada Beyonc\u00e9\". Pada 26 Februari 2015, beliau secara terbuka memohon maaf kepada Beck di Twitter. <> Resepsi penghargaan seniman mana yang dilakukan Kanye mengganggu pada Grammy Awards ke-57? || Beck <> Kepada siapa yang membuat Kanye menyatakan bahawa Beck harus menyerahkan penghargaannya? || Beyonc\u00e9 <> Apa ucapan penerimaan artis yang dilakukan Kanye mengganggu dengan berjalan di atas panggung di Grammys ke-57? || Beck <> hari apa Kanye meminta maaf kepada Beck di Twitter? || 26 Februari 2015", {"qas": [{"question": "Which artist's award reception did Kanye interrupt at the 57th Grammy Awards?", "id": "56cf818d234ae51400d9bdc5", "answers": [{"text": "Beck", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To who did Kanye state that Beck should hand his award over to?", "id": "56cf818d234ae51400d9bdc6", "answers": [{"text": "Beyonc\u00e9", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What artist's acceptance speech did Kanye interrupt by walking on stage at the 57th Grammys?", "id": "56d129e517492d1400aabb02", "answers": [{"text": "Beck", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What day did Kanye apologize to Beck on Twitter?", "id": "56d129e517492d1400aabb03", "answers": [{"text": "February 26, 2015", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On February 8, 2015, at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards, West walked on stage as Beck was accepting his award for Album of the Year and then walked off stage, making everyone think he was joking around. After the awards show, West stated in an interview that he was not joking and that \"Beck needs to respect artistry, he should have given his award to Beyonc\u00e9\". On February 26, 2015, he publicly apologized to Beck on Twitter."}], ["Kemudian pada tahun 2013, West melancarkan tirai di Twitter diarahkan pada tuan rumah rancangan bercakap Jimmy Kimmel selepas program ABCnya, Jimmy Kimmel Live! melancarkan lakaran pada 25 September yang membabitkan dua kanak-kanak yang membuat semula wawancara baru-baru ini dengan Zane Lowe untuk BBC Radio 1 di mana dia menyebut dirinya sebagai bintang rock terbesar di planet ini. Kimmel mendedahkan malam berikutnya bahawa West memanggilnya untuk meminta permintaan maaf sejurus sebelum membuat rakaman. <> Apakah rancangan TV melancarkan satu wawancara BBC Radio 1 Kanye? || Jimmy Kimmel Live! <> Apa permintaan Kanye dari Jimmy Kimmel berkaitan dengan lakaran? || permintaan maaf <> Orang apa yang dikatakan oleh Kanye di Twitter diarahkan? || Jimmy Kimmel <> The skit on JImmy Kimmel Live! adalah gambaran Kanye West dan wartawan apa? || Zane Lowe <> Pada apa stesen radio yang Kanye West menganggap dirinya \"rockstar terbesar di planet ini\"? || BBC Radio 1", {"qas": [{"question": "What TV show lampooned one of Kanye's BBC Radio 1 interviews?", "id": "56cf7e584df3c31400b0d857", "answers": [{"text": "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Kanye demand from Jimmy Kimmel in regards to the sketch?", "id": "56cf7e584df3c31400b0d858", "answers": [{"text": "an apology", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What person was Kanye's rant on Twitter directed at?", "id": "56d4672e2ccc5a1400d83148", "answers": [{"text": "Jimmy Kimmel", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The skit on JImmy Kimmel Live! was a depiction of Kanye West and what reporter?", "id": "56d4672e2ccc5a1400d83149", "answers": [{"text": "Zane Lowe", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what radio station did Kanye West deem himself \"the biggest rockstar on the planet\"?", "id": "56d4672e2ccc5a1400d8314a", "answers": [{"text": "BBC Radio 1", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Later in 2013, West launched a tirade on Twitter directed at talk show host Jimmy Kimmel after his ABC program Jimmy Kimmel Live! ran a sketch on September 25 involving two children re-enacting West's recent interview with Zane Lowe for BBC Radio 1 in which he calls himself the biggest rock star on the planet. Kimmel reveals the following night that West called him to demand an apology shortly before taping."}], ["Pada 9 September 2007, West mencadangkan bahawa perlumbaannya ada kaitan dengan dia diabaikan untuk membuka 2007 MTV Video Music Awards (VMAs) yang memihak kepada Britney Spears; Dia mendakwa, \"Mungkin kulit saya tidak betul.\" West sedang tampil di acara itu; malam itu, dia kehilangan semua lima anugerah yang dia dicalonkan, termasuk Artis Lelaki Terbaik dan Video of the Year. Selepas persembahan itu, dia kelihatan kecewa bahawa dia telah hilang di VMA dua tahun berturut-turut, menyatakan bahawa dia tidak akan kembali ke MTV sekali lagi. Dia juga muncul di beberapa stesen radio yang mengatakan bahawa ketika dia membuat lagu \"Stronger\" itu adalah impiannya untuk membuka VMA dengannya. Dia juga menyatakan bahawa Spears tidak pernah memukul dalam masa yang lama dan MTV mengeksploitasi dia untuk penilaian. <> Apa yang Kony percaya adalah faktor penyumbang yang tidak dibukanya untuk VMA MTV 2007? || bangsa <> Dengan lagu apa yang Kanye bercita-cita untuk membuka VMA dengan? || Stronger <> Faktor apa yang Kanye West menuduh sebagai sebab dia dikecualikan untuk pembukaan VMA 2007? || lagunya <> Apa lagu itu mimpi Kanye untuk tampil di VMA? || \"Lebih kuat\"", {"qas": [{"question": "What did Kanye believe was a contributing factor in him not opening for the 2007 MTV VMAs?", "id": "56cf7ff54df3c31400b0d865", "answers": [{"text": "race", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With what song did Kanye aspire to open the VMAs with?", "id": "56cf7ff54df3c31400b0d866", "answers": [{"text": "Stronger", "answer_start": 583}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What factor did Kanye West accuse of being the reason for his being excluded for the opening of the 2007 VMAs?", "id": "56d1285417492d1400aabac6", "answers": [{"text": "his race", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song was Kanye's dream to perform on the VMAs?", "id": "56d1285417492d1400aabac8", "answers": [{"text": "\"Stronger\"", "answer_start": 582}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On September 9, 2007, West suggested that his race had something to do with his being overlooked for opening the 2007 MTV Video Music Awards (VMAs) in favor of Britney Spears; he claimed, \"Maybe my skin\u2019s not right.\" West was performing at the event; that night, he lost all five awards that he was nominated for, including Best Male Artist and Video of the Year. After the show, he was visibly upset that he had lost at the VMAs two years in a row, stating that he would not come back to MTV ever again. He also appeared on several radio stations saying that when he made the song \"Stronger\" that it was his dream to open the VMAs with it. He has also stated that Spears has not had a hit in a long period of time and that MTV exploited her for ratings."}], ["Peminat muzik telah beralih ke Change.org di seluruh dunia untuk mencuba dan menyekat penyertaan Barat pada pelbagai acara. Petisyen yang tidak berjaya adalah Glastonbury Festival 2015 dengan 133,000+ pengundi menyatakan mereka lebih suka kumpulan rock untuk tajuk utama. Pada 20 Julai 2015, dalam tempoh lima hari pengumuman Barat sebagai artis utama acara penutup Pan American Games 2015, pengguna XYZ Change.org mengumpul lebih 50,000 tandatangan untuk penyingkiran West sebagai headliner yang memetik artis pelukis itu harus Kanada. Dalam upacara Penutupan Pan American Gamesnya, hampir berakhirnya persembahannya, West menutup persembahan itu dengan melemparkan mikrofon yang salah di udara dan berjalan di luar panggung. <> Untuk apa acara itu merupakan jumlah tandatangan terbesar yang dikumpulkan dalam usaha untuk mengekalkan Kanye? || Glastonbury Festival 2015 <> Apa peristiwa lain yang mendapat bantahan besar untuk penyingkiran status utama Ketua Kanye? || 2015 Pan American Games <> Apa laman web yang mempunyai peminat muzik telah menggunakan untuk cuba menyekat prestasi Kanye West pada acara yang berbeza? || Change.org <> Perayaan apa yang menjadi petisyen gagal terbesar untuk tidak melaksanakan Kanye? || Glastonbury Festival <> Berapa banyak tanda tangan yang dikumpulkan untuk penyingkiran Kanye dari 2015 Pan American Games? || 50,000", {"qas": [{"question": "For what event was the largest amount of signatures collected in an attempt to keep Kanye from performing at it?", "id": "56cf822f234ae51400d9bdcd", "answers": [{"text": "Glastonbury Festival 2015", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was another event that garnered a large amount of protest for Kanye's removal of headliner status?", "id": "56cf822f234ae51400d9bdce", "answers": [{"text": "2015 Pan American Games", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What website have music fans been using to try to block Kanye West's performance at different events?", "id": "56d12aa917492d1400aabb22", "answers": [{"text": "Change.org", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What festival was the largest failed petition to keep Kanye from performing?", "id": "56d12aa917492d1400aabb23", "answers": [{"text": "Glastonbury Festival", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many signatures were gathered for Kanye's removal from the 2015 Pan American Games?", "id": "56d12aa917492d1400aabb24", "answers": [{"text": "50,000", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Music fans have turned to Change.org around the globe to try and block West's participation at various events. The largest unsuccessful petition has been to the Glastonbury Festival 2015 with 133,000+ voters stating they would prefer a rock band to headline. On July 20, 2015, within five days of West's announcement as the headlining artist of the closing ceremonies of the 2015 Pan American Games, Change.org user XYZ collected over 50,000 signatures for West's removal as headliner citing the headlining artist should be Canadian. In his Pan American Games Closing Ceremony performance, close to the end of his performance, West closed the show by tossing his faulty microphone in the air and walked off stage."}], ["Semasa wawancara radio 26 November 2013, Barat menjelaskan mengapa beliau percaya bahawa Presiden Obama mempunyai masalah menaikkan dasar di Washington: \"Man, saya beritahu anda tentang George Bush dan wang minyak dan Obama dan wang tidak. tidak membuat langkah-langkah ini atau dia tidak melaksanakannya, kerana ia tidak mempunyai hubungan itu. Orang kulit hitam tidak mempunyai tahap hubungan yang sama seperti orang Yahudi ... Kami bukan orang Yahudi. mendapat wang seperti itu. \" Sebagai tindak balas kepada komennya, Liga Anti-Defamasi menyatakan: \"Di sana ia kembali, janda zaman dahulu yang Yahudi berkuasa dan mengawal kuasa penguasa dalam kerajaan.\" Pada 21 Disember 2013, West menyokong ulasan asli dan memberitahu stesen radio Chicago bahawa \"Saya fikir saya memberi pujian, tetapi jika apa-apa perkara itu datang lebih jahil saya tidak tahu bagaimana diberitahu bahawa anda mempunyai wang satu penghinaan. \" <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh presiden Kanye pada masalah ketika menolak kebijakan semasa di kantor? || Obama <> Apa jenis orang yang membuat negara Kanye mempunyai kuasa lebih daripada orang Black? || Orang Yahudi <> Pada hari apakah Kanye melakukan wawancara mengenai Presiden Obama yang menolak dasar di Washington? || 26 November 2013 <> Pada hari apakah Kanye mengambil semula ulasan asalnya mengenai orang Yahudi? || 21 Disember 2013", {"qas": [{"question": "What president did Kanye comment on as having trouble pushing policies while in office?", "id": "56cf7f014df3c31400b0d85b", "answers": [{"text": "Obama", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of people did Kanye state had more power than Black people?", "id": "56cf7f014df3c31400b0d85c", "answers": [{"text": "Jewish people", "answer_start": 404}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day did Kanye do an interview about President Obama pushing policies in Washington?", "id": "56d126e117492d1400aaba96", "answers": [{"text": "November 26, 2013", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day did Kanye take back his original comment about Jews?", "id": "56d126e117492d1400aaba97", "answers": [{"text": "December 21, 2013", "answer_start": 667}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During a November 26, 2013 radio interview, West explained why he believed that President Obama had problems pushing policies in Washington: \"Man, let me tell you something about George Bush and oil money and Obama and no money. People want to say Obama can't make these moves or he's not executing. That's because he ain't got those connections. Black people don't have the same level of connections as Jewish people...We ain't Jewish. We don't got family that got money like that.\" In response to his comments, the Anti-Defamation League stated: \"There it goes again, the age-old canard that Jews are all-powerful and control the levers of power in government.\" On December 21, 2013, West backed off of the original comment and told a Chicago radio station that \"I thought I was giving a compliment, but if anything it came off more ignorant. I don\u2019t know how being told you have money is an insult.\""}], ["Pada September 2010, West menulis serangkaian tweet apologetik yang ditujukan kepada Swift termasuk \"Beyonce tidak memerlukannya. MTV tidak memerlukannya dan Taylor dan kawan-kawan dan peminat keluarganya pasti tidak mahu atau memerlukannya\" dan menyimpulkan dengan \" Saya mohon maaf kepada Taylor. \" Dia juga mendedahkan bahawa dia telah menulis lagu untuk Swift dan jika dia tidak menerima lagu itu, dia akan melakukannya sendiri. Walau bagaimanapun, pada 8 November 2010, dalam temu bual dengan stesen radio Minnesota, dia seolah-olah menolak permintaan maaf yang lalu dengan cuba untuk menerangkan perbuatan itu pada pertunjukan anugerah 2009 sebagai \"tidak mementingkan diri sendiri\" dan menurunkan persepsi yang tidak dihormati. Dalam \"Famous,\" lagu dari album 2016 The Life of Pablo, Barat menunjukkan bahawa insiden ini membawa kepada bintang Swift, menyuarakan, \"Saya rasa seperti saya dan Taylor mungkin masih melakukan seks / Kenapa saya membuat anjing itu terkenal. Selepas beberapa media menceritakan mengenai rujukan itu, West menyiarkan di Twitter \"Saya tidak menyebarkan Taylor Swift dan saya tidak pernah membantahnya ... Perkara pertama ialah saya seorang artis dan sebagai seorang artis saya akan menyatakan bagaimana perasaan saya tanpa penapisan . \" Dia meneruskan dengan menambah bahawa dia telah meminta kedua-dua Swift dan isterinya, Kim Kardashian, untuk kebenaran menerbitkan baris itu. <> Kepada artis mana yang Kanye meminta maaf dengan teliti? || Taylor Swift <> Apa lagu yang Kanye akhirnya menulis yang merujuk ke arahnya terhadap Taylor Swift? || Famous <> Kanan West mengetepikan ke Twitter apoloizing kepada Taylor Swift? || September 2010 <> Bilakah Kanye mengambil kembali permintaan maafnya kepada Taylor Swift, mengatakan bahawa dia sedang \"tidak mementingkan diri sendiri\"? || 8 November 2010 <> Apa album oleh Kanye dikeluarkan pada 2016? || Kehidupan Pablo", {"qas": [{"question": "To which artist did Kanye profusely apologize to?", "id": "56cf80ec4df3c31400b0d871", "answers": [{"text": "Taylor Swift", "answer_start": 907}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Kanye end up writing that referenced his outburst against Taylor Swift?", "id": "56cf80ec4df3c31400b0d872", "answers": [{"text": "Famous", "answer_start": 619}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Kanye West post to Twitter apoloizing to Taylor Swift?", "id": "56d1297b17492d1400aabaf2", "answers": [{"text": "September 2010", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Kanye take back his apology to Taylor Swift, saying that he was being \"selfless\"?", "id": "56d1297b17492d1400aabaf3", "answers": [{"text": "November 8, 2010", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What album by Kanye was released in 2016?", "id": "56d1297b17492d1400aabaf4", "answers": [{"text": "The Life of Pablo", "answer_start": 656}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In September 2010, West wrote a series of apologetic tweets addressed to Swift including \"Beyonce didn't need that. MTV didn't need that and Taylor and her family friends and fans definitely didn't want or need that\" and concluding with \"I'm sorry Taylor.\" He also revealed he had written a song for Swift and if she did not accept the song, he would perform it himself. However, on November 8, 2010, in an interview with a Minnesota radio station, he seemed to recant his past apologies by attempting to describe the act at the 2009 awards show as \"selfless\" and downgrade the perception of disrespect it created. In \"Famous,\" a track from his 2016 album The Life of Pablo, West implies that this incident led to Swift's stardom, rapping, \"I feel like me and Taylor might still have sex/ Why? I made that bitch famous.\" After some media backlash about the reference, West posted on Twitter \"I did not diss Taylor Swift and I've never dissed her...First thing is I'm an artist and as an artist I will express how I feel with no censorship.\" He continued by adding that he had asked both Swift and his wife, Kim Kardashian, for permission to publish the line."}], ["Pada 13 September 2009, semasa Anugerah Video MTV Video 2009 manakala Taylor Swift menerima anugerahnya untuk Video Wanita Terbaik untuk \"You Belong with Me\", West menaiki panggung dan meraih mikrofon untuk menyatakan bahawa video Beyonc\u00e9 untuk \"Single Ladies Letakkan Ring on It) \", yang dicalonkan untuk anugerah yang sama, adalah\" salah satu video terbaik sepanjang masa \". Dia kemudiannya dikeluarkan dari baki pertunjukan untuk tindakannya. Apabila Beyonc\u00e9 kemudian memenangi anugerah untuk Video Terbaik Terbaik untuk \"Wanita Tunggal (Letakkan Ring on It)\", dia memanggil Swift di atas pentas supaya dia dapat menyelesaikan ucapan penerimaannya. Barat dikritik oleh pelbagai selebriti untuk kemuncaknya, dan oleh Presiden Barack Obama, yang memanggil West sebagai \"jackass\". Di samping itu, gangguan VMA Barat mencetuskan kemasukan besar meme foto Internet dengan blog, forum dan \"tweet\" dengan \"Let you finish\" foto-lelucon. Beliau menyiarkan Tweet tidak lama lagi selepas acara di mana dia menyatakan, \"Semua orang mahu booooo saya tetapi saya peminat budaya pop sebenar ... Saya tidak gila y'all, saya hanya sebenar.\" Dia kemudian meletakkan dua permintaan maaf atas kemarahan di blog peribadinya; satu pada malam kejadian, dan yang lainnya pada hari berikutnya, ketika dia juga meminta maaf semasa penampilan di The Jay Leno Show. Selepas Swift muncul di The View dua hari selepas ledakan, sebahagiannya untuk membincangkan perkara itu, West memanggilnya untuk meminta maaf secara peribadi. Swift berkata dia menerima permintaan maafnya. <> Penerimaan artis artis apakah yang membuat Kanye menggegarkan panggung di VMA MTV 2009? || Taylor Swift <> Yang Presiden A.S. mengkritik Kanye kerana kecaman VMAnya? || Obama <> Yang Presiden memanggil Kanye West sebagai janda untuk tingkah lakunya pada VMA 2009? || Presiden Barack Obama", {"qas": [{"question": "What artist's award reception did Kanye interrupt onstage at the 2009 MTV VMAs?", "id": "56cf80a34df3c31400b0d869", "answers": [{"text": "Taylor Swift", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which U.S. President criticized Kanye for his VMA outburst?", "id": "56cf80a34df3c31400b0d86b", "answers": [{"text": "Obama", "answer_start": 682}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which President called Kanye West a jackass for his behavior at the 2009 VMAs?", "id": "56d128e817492d1400aabad5", "answers": [{"text": "President Barack Obama", "answer_start": 665}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On September 13, 2009, during the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards while Taylor Swift was accepting her award for Best Female Video for \"You Belong with Me\", West went on stage and grabbed the microphone to proclaim that Beyonc\u00e9's video for \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\", nominated for the same award, was \"one of the best videos of all time\". He was subsequently removed from the remainder of the show for his actions. When Beyonc\u00e9 later won the award for Best Video of the Year for \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\", she called Swift up on stage so that she could finish her acceptance speech. West was criticized by various celebrities for the outburst, and by President Barack Obama, who called West a \"jackass\". In addition, West's VMA disruption sparked a large influx of Internet photo memes with blogs, forums and \"tweets\" with the \"Let you finish\" photo-jokes. He posted a Tweet soon after the event where he stated, \"Everybody wanna booooo me but I'm a fan of real pop culture... I'm not crazy y'all, I'm just real.\" He then posted two apologies for the outburst on his personal blog; one on the night of the incident, and the other the following day, when he also apologized during an appearance on The Jay Leno Show. After Swift appeared on The View two days after the outburst, partly to discuss the matter, West called her to apologize personally. Swift said she accepted his apology."}], ["Pada tahun 2004, West mempunyai yang pertama dari beberapa insiden awam semasa kehadirannya pada acara-acara anugerah muzik. Di Anugerah Muzik Amerika 2004, West menyerbu keluar dari auditorium selepas kehilangan Artis Baru Terbaik kepada penyanyi negara Gretchen Wilson. Beliau kemudian mengulas, \"Saya merasa seperti saya pasti dirompak [...] Saya adalah artis baru yang terbaik tahun ini.\" Selepas pencalonan Grammy 2006 dibebaskan, West berkata dia akan \"benar-benar mempunyai masalah\" jika dia tidak memenangi Album Tahun Ini, berkata, \"Saya tidak peduli apa yang saya lakukan, saya tidak peduli berapa banyak saya aksi - Anda tidak boleh mengambil dari jumlah kerja yang saya masukkan ke dalamnya. Saya tidak mahu mendengar semua perkara yang betul dari segi politik. \" Pada 2 November 2006, apabila \"Touch the Sky\" gagal memenangi Video Terbaik di Anugerah MTV Europe Music, West pergi ke panggung sebagai anugerah itu disampaikan kepada Hakim dan Simian untuk \"We Are Your Friends\" dan berhujah bahawa dia sepatutnya memenangi anugerah tersebut. Beratus-ratus cawangan berita di seluruh dunia mengkritik ledakan itu. Pada 7 November 2006, West meminta maaf atas kecaman ini secara terbuka semasa persembahannya sebagai tindakan sokongan untuk U2 untuk konsert Vertigo mereka di Brisbane. Dia kemudian menipu insiden itu pada perdana 33 tahun perdana Saturday Night Live pada September 2007. <> Kepada siapa yang membuat Kanye kehilangan Anugerah Artis Terbaik pada tahun 2004? || Gretchen Wilson <> Video untuk lagu apa yang gagal memenangi anugerah untuk sekali lagi pada tahun 2006, yang membawa kepada kemunculan di atas panggung oleh Kanye? || Sentuh Langit <> Artis apa yang Kanye West kehilangan \"Artis Baru Terbaik\" pada AMA 2004? || Gretchen Wilson <> Video Kanye West mana yang gagal memenangi Video Terbaik di MTV Europe Music Awards? || Sentuh Langit <> Pada hari apakah Kanye memohon maaf kerana meraihnya di Anugerah MTV Europe? || 7 November 2006 <> Apa rancangan yang dilakukan Kanye melakukan spoof tentang kejadian di MTV Europe Awards? || Sabtu Malam Live", {"qas": [{"question": "To who did Kanye lose the Best New Artist award in 2004?", "id": "56cf7fa24df3c31400b0d861", "answers": [{"text": "Gretchen Wilson", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The video for what song failed to win an award for again in 2006, leading to an onstage outburst by Kanye?", "id": "56cf7fa24df3c31400b0d862", "answers": [{"text": "Touch the Sky", "answer_start": 696}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What artist did Kanye West lose \"Best New Artist\" to at the 2004 AMAs?", "id": "56d127d617492d1400aabaac", "answers": [{"text": "Gretchen Wilson", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Kanye West video failed to win Best Video at the MTV Europe Music Awards?", "id": "56d127d617492d1400aabaad", "answers": [{"text": "Touch the Sky", "answer_start": 696}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day did Kanye apologize for his ranting at the MTV Europe Awards?", "id": "56d127d617492d1400aabaae", "answers": [{"text": "November 7, 2006", "answer_start": 991}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What show did Kanye perform a spoof about the incident at the MTV Europe Awards?", "id": "56d127d617492d1400aabaaf", "answers": [{"text": "Saturday Night Live", "answer_start": 1197}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2004, West had his first of a number of public incidents during his attendance at music award events. At the American Music Awards of 2004, West stormed out of the auditorium after losing Best New Artist to country singer Gretchen Wilson. He later commented, \"I felt like I was definitely robbed [...] I was the best new artist this year.\" After the 2006 Grammy nominations were released, West said he would \"really have a problem\" if he did not win the Album of the Year, saying, \"I don't care what I do, I don't care how much I stunt \u2013 you can never take away from the amount of work I put into it. I don't want to hear all of that politically correct stuff.\" On November 2, 2006, when his \"Touch the Sky\" failed to win Best Video at the MTV Europe Music Awards, West went onto the stage as the award was being presented to Justice and Simian for \"We Are Your Friends\" and argued that he should have won the award instead. Hundreds of news outlets worldwide criticized the outburst. On November 7, 2006, West apologized for this outburst publicly during his performance as support act for U2 for their Vertigo concert in Brisbane. He later spoofed the incident on the 33rd season premiere of Saturday Night Live in September 2007."}], ["Pada sidang akhbar Disember 2008 di New Zealand, West bercakap tentang kematian ibunya buat kali pertama. \"Ia seperti kehilangan lengan dan kaki dan cuba berjalan melalui itu,\" katanya kepada pemberita. <> Di mana Kanye pertama bercakap tentang kematian ibunya? || New Zealand <> Di mana Kanye West pertama kali bercakap tentang kematian ibunya? || New Zealand", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did Kanye first speak on his mother's death?", "id": "56cf83db234ae51400d9bde7", "answers": [{"text": "New Zealand", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Kanye West first speak about his mother's death?", "id": "56d12e3817492d1400aabb81", "answers": [{"text": "New Zealand", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At a December 2008 press conference in New Zealand, West spoke about his mother's death for the first time. \"It was like losing an arm and a leg and trying to walk through that\", he told reporters."}], ["Gabenor California Arnold Schwarzenegger menandatangani \"Undang-undang Donda Barat\", undang-undang yang menjadikannya wajib bagi pesakit untuk menyediakan pembersihan perubatan untuk pembedahan kosmetik elektif. <> Gabenor terkenal apa yang menandatangani undang-undang untuk menghormati kematian Donda West? || Arnold Schwarzenegger <> Gabenor apa yang meluluskan undang-undang untuk menghormati Donda West? || Arnold Schwarzenegger <> Apa nama undang-undang yang diluluskan oleh Arnold Schwarzenegger? || \"Undang-undang Donda Barat\"", {"qas": [{"question": "What famous governor signed legislation in honor of Donda West's death?", "id": "56cf8400234ae51400d9bde9", "answers": [{"text": "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What governor passed a law in honor of Donda West?", "id": "56d12ea017492d1400aabb90", "answers": [{"text": "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the law passed by Arnold Schwarzenegger?", "id": "56d12ea017492d1400aabb91", "answers": [{"text": "\"Donda West Law\"", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the \"Donda West Law\", legislation which makes it mandatory for patients to provide medical clearance for elective cosmetic surgery."}], ["West telah ditangkap semula pada 14 November 2008 di hotel Hilton berhampiran Gateshead selepas satu lagi pertengkaran melibatkan seorang jurugambar di luar kelab Tup Tup Palace yang terkenal di Newcastle upon Tyne. Dia kemudian dibebaskan \"tanpa tindakan lanjut\", menurut seorang jurucakap polis. <> Apakah penangkapan kedua Kanye? || scuffle melibatkan jurugambar di luar kelab Tup Tup Palace yang terkenal di Newcastle <> Apakah tarikh penangkapan kedua Kanye? || 14 November 2008 <> Di mana Kanye ditangkap untuk kali kedua? || Hotel Hilton berhampiran Gateshead <> Di lokasi apa kejadian yang membawa kepada penangkapan kedua di Barat berlaku? || Kelab malam Tup Tup Palace", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Kanye second arrest for?", "id": "56cf84e0234ae51400d9bdf5", "answers": [{"text": "scuffle involving a photographer outside the famous Tup Tup Palace nightclub in Newcastle", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the date of Kanye's second arrest?", "id": "56d130f217492d1400aabbc2", "answers": [{"text": "November 14, 2008", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Kanye arrested at for the second time?", "id": "56d130f217492d1400aabbc3", "answers": [{"text": "Hilton hotel near Gateshead", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what location did the incident leading to West's second arrest take place?", "id": "56d130f217492d1400aabbc4", "answers": [{"text": "Tup Tup Palace nightclub", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West was arrested again on November 14, 2008 at the Hilton hotel near Gateshead after another scuffle involving a photographer outside the famous Tup Tup Palace nightclub in Newcastle upon Tyne. He was later released \"with no further action\", according to a police spokesperson."}], ["Pengebumian dan pengebumian bagi Donda West telah diadakan di Oklahoma City pada 20 November 2007. West memainkan konsert pertamanya menyusul pengebumian di The O2 di London pada 22 November. Ia mendedikasikan prestasi \"Hey Mama\", serta penutup dari Perjalanan \"Jangan Berhenti Believin\", kepada ibunya, dan melakukannya pada semua tarikh lain dalam lawatan Glow di Dark itu. <> Di mana pemakaman Donda West? || Oklahoma City <> Apa lagu yang didedikasikan oleh Kanye kepada ibu tirinya sebagai penampilannya di The O2 di London? || \"Hey Mama\", dan juga penutup Journey's \"Do not Stop Believin\" \"<> Di kota apa pengkebumian dan pengebumian untuk Donda West diadakan? || Oklahoma City <> Pada hari apakah pengebumian Donda Barat? || 20 November 2007 <> Apa hari pertama konsert Kanye selepas kematian ibunya? || 22 November <> Pada lawatan apa yang dilakukan Kanye melakukan \"Hey Mama\" dan versi Journey's \"Do not Stop Believing\" dalam ingatan ibunya? || Cahaya dalam tur Gelap", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was Donda West's funeral?", "id": "56cf83a7234ae51400d9bde3", "answers": [{"text": "Oklahoma City", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What songs did Kanye dedicate to his late mother as his performance at The O2 in London?", "id": "56cf83a7234ae51400d9bde4", "answers": [{"text": "\"Hey Mama\", as well as a cover of Journey's \"Don't Stop Believin'\"", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city was the funeral and burial for Donda West held?", "id": "56d12dcf17492d1400aabb78", "answers": [{"text": "Oklahoma City", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day was the funeral of Donda West?", "id": "56d12dcf17492d1400aabb79", "answers": [{"text": "November 20, 2007", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What day was Kanye's first concert after the death of his mother?", "id": "56d12dcf17492d1400aabb7a", "answers": [{"text": "November 22", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what tour did Kanye perform \"Hey Mama\" and his version of Journey's \"Don't Stop Believing\" in memory of his mother?", "id": "56d12dcf17492d1400aabb7b", "answers": [{"text": "Glow in the Dark tour", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The funeral and burial for Donda West was held in Oklahoma City on November 20, 2007. West played his first concert following the funeral at The O2 in London on November 22. He dedicated a performance of \"Hey Mama\", as well as a cover of Journey's \"Don't Stop Believin'\", to his mother, and did so on all other dates of his Glow in the Dark tour."}], ["Pada bulan Disember 2006, Robert \"Evel\" Knievel menggugat West untuk pelanggaran tanda dagangan di video Barat untuk \"Touch the Sky\". Knievel mengambil isu dengan \"video seks yang berunsur seks\" di mana Barat mengambil orang \"Evel Kanyevel\" dan cuba terbang roket ke atas sebuah canyon. Saman itu mendakwa pelanggaran terhadap nama dan kesamaan tanda dagangan Knievel. Knievel juga mendakwa bahawa imej \"kasar dan menyinggung\" yang digambarkan dalam video itu merosakkan reputasinya. Saman tersebut memohon ganti rugi kewangan dan injunksi untuk menghentikan pengedaran video. Peguam Barat menegaskan bahawa video muzik berjumlah satira dan oleh itu dilindungi di bawah Pindaan Pertama. Hanya beberapa hari sebelum kematiannya pada bulan November 2007, Knievel dengan tenang menyelesaikan saman itu setelah dilawat dari Barat, berkata, \"Saya fikir dia seorang lelaki yang cantik dan seorang lelaki yang agak baik.\" <> Apa stuntman yang terkenal menyaman Kanye kerana menggunakan kesamaannya pada tahun 2006? || Robert \"Evel\" Knievel <> Bilakah saman itu diselesaikan? || hari sebelum kematiannya pada November 2007 <> Yang selebriti mana yang menyaman Barat pada tahun 2006 untuk keganasan tanda niaga? || Robert \"Evel\" Knievel <> Apa nama nama panggilan Kanye West dalam video \"Touch the Sky\"? || Evel Kanyevel <> Bilakah Knievel menyelesaikan hujah dengan Barat? || November 2007", {"qas": [{"question": "What famous stuntman sued Kanye for purported use of his likeness in 2006?", "id": "56cf8472234ae51400d9bdeb", "answers": [{"text": "Robert \"Evel\" Knievel", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the suit settled?", "id": "56cf8472234ae51400d9bdec", "answers": [{"text": "days before his death in November 2007", "answer_start": 651}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which celebrity sued West in 2006 for trademark infrigement?", "id": "56d12fe017492d1400aabba6", "answers": [{"text": "Robert \"Evel\" Knievel", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the nickname Kanye West took on in his video \"Touch the Sky\"?", "id": "56d12fe017492d1400aabba7", "answers": [{"text": "Evel Kanyevel", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Knievel settle the argument with West?", "id": "56d12fe017492d1400aabba8", "answers": [{"text": "November 2007", "answer_start": 676}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In December 2006, Robert \"Evel\" Knievel sued West for trademark infringement in West's video for \"Touch the Sky\". Knievel took issue with a \"sexually charged video\" in which West takes on the persona of \"Evel Kanyevel\" and attempts flying a rocket over a canyon. The suit claimed infringement on Knievel's trademarked name and likeness. Knievel also claimed that the \"vulgar and offensive\" images depicted in the video damaged his reputation. The suit sought monetary damages and an injunction to stop distribution of the video. West's attorneys argued that the music video amounted to satire and therefore was covered under the First Amendment. Just days before his death in November 2007, Knievel amicably settled the suit after being paid a visit from West, saying, \"I thought he was a wonderful guy and quite a gentleman.\""}], ["Pada 11 September 2008, West dan pengurus jalannya / pengawal peribadi Don \"Don C.\" Crowley ditangkap di Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Los Angeles dan ditempatkan atas tuduhan kejam kejahatan selepas perbalahan dengan paparazzi di mana West dan Crowley memecahkan kamera jurugambar. Barat kemudiannya dibebaskan dari stesen Bahagian Pasifik Jabatan Polis Los Angeles di Culver City pada bon jaminan $ 20,000. Pada 26 September 2008, Pejabat Peguam Daerah County Los Angeles berkata ia tidak akan memfailkan pertentangan balas terhadap Barat berhubung kejadian itu. Sebaliknya fail kes itu diteruskan ke pejabat peguam bandaraya, yang menuduh Barat dengan satu penghitungan vandalisme salah, satu kiraan kecurian besar dan satu kiraan bateri dan pengurusnya dengan tiga tuduhan masing-masing pada 18 Mac 2009. Arbitrase Barat dan Crowley telah ditangguhkan dari tarikh asal April 14, 2009. <> Apa yang ditangkap Kanye pada tahun 2008? || vandalisme kejahilan <> Berapakah jaminan bon Kanye? || $ 20,000 <> Apa yang Kanye akhirnya dituduh? || satu kiraan vandalisme yang salah, satu kiraan kecurian besar dan satu kiraan bateri <> Pada hari apakah Kanye West ditangkap di Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Los Angeles? || 11 September 2008 <> Apakah caj yang difailkan terhadap Kanye West? || vandalisme kejahatan <> Apa nama pengawal peribadi yang dituduh melakukan vandalisme? || Don \"Don C.\" Crowley <> Apa jumlah dolar bon Kanye? || $ 20,000", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Kanye arrested for in 2008?", "id": "56cf84c1234ae51400d9bdef", "answers": [{"text": "felony vandalism", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much was Kanye's bail bond?", "id": "56cf84c1234ae51400d9bdf0", "answers": [{"text": "$20,000", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Kanye finally charged with?", "id": "56cf84c1234ae51400d9bdf1", "answers": [{"text": "one count of misdemeanor vandalism, one count of grand theft and one count of battery", "answer_start": 633}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day was Kanye West arrested at the Los Angeles International Airport?", "id": "56d1308d17492d1400aabbb8", "answers": [{"text": "September 11, 2008", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the charges filed against Kanye West?", "id": "56d1308d17492d1400aabbb9", "answers": [{"text": "felony vandalism", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the bodyguard also accused of vandalism?", "id": "56d1308d17492d1400aabbba", "answers": [{"text": "Don \"Don C.\" Crowley", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the dollar amount of Kanye's bond?", "id": "56d1308d17492d1400aabbbb", "answers": [{"text": "$20,000", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On September 11, 2008, West and his road manager/bodyguard Don \"Don C.\" Crowley were arrested at Los Angeles International Airport and booked on charges of felony vandalism after an altercation with the paparazzi in which West and Crowley broke the photographers' cameras. West was later released from the Los Angeles Police Department's Pacific Division station in Culver City on $20,000 bail bond. On September 26, 2008, the Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office said it would not file felony counts against West over the incident. Instead the case file was forwarded to the city attorney's office, which charged West with one count of misdemeanor vandalism, one count of grand theft and one count of battery and his manager with three counts of each on March 18, 2009. West's and Crowley's arraignment was delayed from an original date of April 14, 2009."}], ["Pada 10 November 2007, kira-kira pukul 7:35 malam, paramedik bertindak balas terhadap panggilan kecemasan yang diangkut ibu West, Donda West, ke Centinela Freeman Hospital di Marina del Rey, California. Dia tidak bertindak balas di dalam bilik kecemasan, dan selepas percubaan resusitasi, doktor mengumumkan dia meninggal kira-kira pukul 8.30 malam, pada usia 58 tahun. Pejabat koroner County Los Angeles berkata pada bulan Januari 2008 bahawa Barat telah meninggal akibat penyakit jantung ketika mengalami \"banyak pos - faktor pengoperasian \"selepas pembedahan plastik. Dia telah menjalani liposuction dan pengurangan payudara. Pakar bedah plastik Beverly Hills, Andre Aboolian enggan melakukan pembedahan itu kerana West mempunyai keadaan kesihatan yang meletakkannya berisiko untuk serangan jantung. Aboolian merujuknya kepada seorang internis untuk menyiasat isu jantungnya. Dia tidak pernah bertemu dengan doktor yang disyorkan oleh Aboolian dan mempunyai prosedur yang dilakukan oleh doktor ketiga, Jan Adams. <> Berapa lama ibu Kanye ketika dia meninggal? || 58 <> Doktor apa yang Donda West mengabaikan cadangan untuk melabur keadaan jantungnya? || Andre Aboolian <> Pada kira-kira jam berapa para paramedik menerima panggilan mengenai ibu Kanye West, Donda? || 7:35 pm <> Apakah keadaan bersama dengan komplikasi pembedahan plastik menyebabkan kematian Donda West? || sakit jantung <> Doktor apa yang asalnya bertukar menjadi Donda West untuk operasi pembedahan plastiknya? || Andre Aboolian <> Apakah nama doktor yang melakukan pembedahan yang akhirnya membunuh Donda West? || Jan Adams", {"qas": [{"question": "How old was Kanye's mother when she died?", "id": "56cf8304234ae51400d9bdd9", "answers": [{"text": "58", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What doctor did Donda West ignore the recommendation of to invest her heart condition?", "id": "56cf8304234ae51400d9bddb", "answers": [{"text": "Andre Aboolian", "answer_start": 597}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At approximately what time did paramedics receive the call about Kanye West's mother, Donda?", "id": "56d12c3d17492d1400aabb4c", "answers": [{"text": "7:35 pm", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What condition along with complications for the plastic surgery caused the death of Donda West?", "id": "56d12c3d17492d1400aabb4d", "answers": [{"text": "heart disease", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What doctor originally turned Donda West down for her plastic surgery operation?", "id": "56d12c3d17492d1400aabb4e", "answers": [{"text": "Andre Aboolian", "answer_start": 597}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the doctor who performed the surgery that ended up killing Donda West?", "id": "56d12c3d17492d1400aabb4f", "answers": [{"text": "Jan Adams", "answer_start": 900}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On November 10, 2007, at approximately 7:35 pm, paramedics responding to an emergency call transported West's mother, Donda West, to the nearby Centinela Freeman Hospital in Marina del Rey, California. She was unresponsive in the emergency room, and after resuscitation attempts, doctors pronounced her dead at approximately 8:30 pm, at age 58. The Los Angeles County coroner's office said in January 2008 that West had died of heart disease while suffering \"multiple post-operative factors\" after plastic surgery. She had undergone liposuction and breast reduction. Beverly Hills plastic surgeon Andre Aboolian had refused to do the surgery because West had a health condition that placed her at risk for a heart attack. Aboolian referred her to an internist to investigate her cardiac issue. She never met with the doctor recommended by Aboolian and had the procedures performed by a third doctor, Jan Adams."}], ["Pada 19 Julai 2013, West meninggalkan LAX kerana dia dikelilingi oleh berpuluh-puluh paparazzi. Barat menjadi semakin goyah sebagai seorang jurugambar, Daniel Ramos, terus bertanya kepadanya mengapa orang tidak dibenarkan bercakap di hadapannya. West kemudian berkata, \"Saya memberitahu anda tidak bercakap dengan saya, betul-betul? Anda cuba untuk mendapatkan saya dalam masalah jadi saya mencuri pada anda dan perlu membayar anda seperti $ 250,000 dan kotoran.\" Kemudian dia didakwa menuduh lelaki itu dan merampasnya dan kameranya. Kejadian yang ditangkap oleh TMZ berlaku beberapa saat sebelum suara wanita dapat didengar memberitahu Barat untuk berhenti. Barat kemudian melepaskan lelaki itu, dan kameranya, dan memandu jauh dari tempat kejadian. Medik kemudian dipanggil ke tempat kejadian bagi pihak jurugambar yang meraih. Dilaporkan bahawa Barat boleh didakwa dengan kejahatan percubaan di belakang perkara itu. Walau bagaimanapun, caj itu telah dikurangkan kepada bateri jenayah yang salah dan mencuri kecurian besar. Pada bulan Mac 2014, West dijatuhi hukuman penjara selama dua tahun untuk disabitkan kesalahan bateri dan perlu menghadiri 24 sesi pengurusan kemarahan, melakukan 250 jam perkhidmatan masyarakat dan membayar restitusi kepada Ramos. <> Apa ahli paparazzi melakukan serangan Kanye di LAX pada tahun 2013? || Daniel Ramos <> Apa yang dipenjara Kanye selepas serangan paparazzi? || Baki jenayah jenayah dan percubaan besar mencuri <> Apa nama lelaki yang menggangu Barat di luar LAX yang West kemudian diserang? || Daniel Ramos <> Berapa tahun percubaan Kanye yang harus berkhidmat untuk perbalahan ini? || 2 <> Dia terpaksa menghadiri 24 sesi terapi macam apa? || pengurusan kemarahan <> Berapa banyak jam perkhidmatan masyarakat yang diterima Kanye? || 250", {"qas": [{"question": "What paparazzi member did Kanye attack at LAX in 2013?", "id": "56cf85c7234ae51400d9bdf7", "answers": [{"text": "Daniel Ramos", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Kanye convicted for after his paparazzi attack?", "id": "56cf85c7234ae51400d9bdf8", "answers": [{"text": "misdemeanor criminal battery and attempted grand theft", "answer_start": 844}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the man who was hassling West outside of LAX that West later attacked?", "id": "56d131ad17492d1400aabbd2", "answers": [{"text": "Daniel Ramos", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many years' probation was Kanye supposed to serve for this altercation?", "id": "56d131ad17492d1400aabbd3", "answers": [{"text": "2", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "He had to attend 24 sessions of what kind of therapy?", "id": "56d131ad17492d1400aabbd4", "answers": [{"text": "anger management", "answer_start": 1029}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many hours of community service did Kanye receive?", "id": "56d131ad17492d1400aabbd5", "answers": [{"text": "250", "answer_start": 359}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On July 19, 2013, West was leaving LAX as he was surrounded by dozens of paparazzi. West became increasingly agitated as a photographer, Daniel Ramos, continued to ask him why people were not allowed to speak in his presence. West then says, \"I told you don't talk to me, right? You trying to get me in trouble so I steal off on you and have to pay you like $250,000 and shit.\" Then he allegedly charged the man and grabbed him and his camera. The incident captured by TMZ, took place for a few seconds before a female voice can be heard telling West to stop. West then released the man, and his camera, and drove away from the scene. Medics were later called to the scene on behalf of the photographer who was grabbed. It was reported West could be charged with felony attempted robbery behind the matter. However, the charges were reduced to misdemeanor criminal battery and attempted grand theft. In March 2014, West was sentenced to serve two years' probation for the misdemeanor battery conviction and required to attend 24 anger management sessions, perform 250 hours of community service and pay restitution to Ramos."}], ["Adams menghantar ucapan takziah kepada keluarga Donda Barat tetapi enggan membahaskan prosedur itu secara terbuka, memetik kerahsiaan. Keluarga Barat, melalui peguam selebriti Ed McPherson, memfailkan aduan dengan Lembaga Perubatan terhadap Adams dan Aboolian kerana melanggar kerahsiaan pesakit berikutan kematiannya. Adams sebelum ini diteliti oleh lembaga perubatan. Dia muncul di Larry King Live pada 20 November 2007, tetapi dibiarkan sebelum bercakap. Dua hari kemudian, dia muncul lagi, dengan peguamnya, menyatakan dia berada di sana untuk \"mempertahankan dirinya\". Beliau berkata keputusan autopsi baru-baru ini dikeluarkan \"bercakap untuk diri mereka sendiri\". Laporan koroner akhir 10 Januari 2008, menyimpulkan bahawa Donda West meninggal akibat \"penyakit arteri koronari dan beberapa faktor selepas operasi akibat atau sebagai akibat dari liposuction dan mamoplasti\". <> Apakah rancangan ceramah yang dilakukan oleh doktor yang melakukan pembedahan plastik Donda West? || Larry King Live <> Apakah punca akhir kematian Donda yang ditentukan oleh koroner? || \"penyakit arteri koronari dan pelbagai faktor selepas operasi akibat atau akibat liposuction dan mamoplasti\" <> Apakah nama keluarga peguam Barat semasa kejadian sekitar kematian Donda Barat? || Ed McPherson <> Alasan mengapa keluarga West memberi pengajuan aduan terhadap Adams dan Aboolian? || melanggar kerahsiaan pesakit <> Pada apa persembahan Adams kelihatan \"mempertahankan dirinya\"? || Larry King Live <> Pada hari apakah laporan koroner akhir menunjukkan bahawa Donda meninggal akibat penyakit jantung dan komplikasi dari pembedahan? || 10 Januari 2008", {"qas": [{"question": "What talk show did the doctor who performed Donda West's plastic surgery appear on?", "id": "56cf8368234ae51400d9bddf", "answers": [{"text": "Larry King Live", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the final cause of Donda's death determined by the coroner?", "id": "56cf8368234ae51400d9bde0", "answers": [{"text": "\"coronary artery disease and multiple post-operative factors due to or as a consequence of liposuction and mammoplasty\"", "answer_start": 692}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the West's family's attorney during the incident surrounding the death of Donda West?", "id": "56d12d3c17492d1400aabb68", "answers": [{"text": "Ed McPherson", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What reasons did West's family give for filing complaints against Adams and Aboolian?", "id": "56d12d3c17492d1400aabb69", "answers": [{"text": "violating patient confidentiality", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what show did Adams appear to \"defend himself\"?", "id": "56d12d3c17492d1400aabb6a", "answers": [{"text": "Larry King Live", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day did the final coroner's report show that Donda died from heart disease and complications from surgery?", "id": "56d12d3c17492d1400aabb6b", "answers": [{"text": "January 10, 2008", "answer_start": 640}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Adams sent condolences to Donda West's family but declined to publicly discuss the procedure, citing confidentiality. West\u2019s family, through celebrity attorney Ed McPherson, filed complaints with the Medical Board against Adams and Aboolian for violating patient confidentiality following her death. Adams had previously been under scrutiny by the medical board. He appeared on Larry King Live on November 20, 2007, but left before speaking. Two days later, he appeared again, with his attorney, stating he was there to \"defend himself\". He said that the recently released autopsy results \"spoke for themselves\". The final coroner's report January 10, 2008, concluded that Donda West died of \"coronary artery disease and multiple post-operative factors due to or as a consequence of liposuction and mammoplasty\"."}], ["West memulakan perhubungan dengan perancang Alexis Phifer pada tahun 2002, dan mereka bertunangan pada bulan Ogos 2006. Pasangan itu mengakhiri pertunangan mereka selama 18 bulan pada tahun 2008. Barat kemudian bertarikh model Amber Rose dari tahun 2008 hingga musim panas tahun 2010. Barat mula berkenalan dengan bintang realiti dan rakan lama Kim Kardashian pada April 2012. Barat dan Kardashian menjadi terlibat dalam bulan Oktober 2013, dan berkahwin pada 24 Mei 2014 di Fort di Belvedere di Florence, Itali. Upacara persendirian mereka tertakluk kepada liputan arus perdana yang meluas, dengan Barat mengambil isu dengan penggambaran pasangan itu dalam media. Mereka mempunyai dua orang anak: anak perempuan Utara \"Nori\" Barat (lahir 15 Jun 2013) dan anak lelaki Saint West (lahir 5 Disember 2015). Pada April 2015, Barat dan Kardashian mengembara ke Jerusalem untuk membaptis Utara di Gereja Apostolik Armenia di Katedral St. James. Status tinggi pasangan dan kerjaya masing-masing telah menyebabkan hubungan mereka menjadi tertakluk kepada liputan media yang berat; The New York Times merujuk perkahwinan mereka sebagai \"badai bersejarah selebriti.\" <> Pertunangan pertama Kanye adalah pereka yang terkenal? || Alexis Phifer <> Apa model Kanye mula diperkenalkan pada tahun 2008? || Amber Rose <> Siapa yang mempunyai Kanye akhirnya menetap dengan berkahwin pada tahun 2014? || Kim Kardashian <> Berapa banyak anaknya yang mempunyai Kanye dengan Kim? || 2 <> Tahun apakah Kanye West memulakan hubungannya dengan Alexis Phifer? || 2002 <> Bilakah Alexis Phifer dan Kanye West bertunang? || Ogos 2006 <> Siapa yang membuat tarikh Kanye dari 2008 hingga 2010? || Amber Rose <> Bilakah Kanye West mula berkencan dengan Kim Kardashian? || April 2012 <> Di mana di Yerusalem lakukan Kardashian dan Barat mempunyai anak perempuan mereka dibaptis Utara? || Gereja Apostolik Armenia di Katedral St James", {"qas": [{"question": "Kanye's first engagement was to which well-known designer?", "id": "56cf829c234ae51400d9bdd1", "answers": [{"text": "Alexis Phifer", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What model did Kanye begin to date in 2008?", "id": "56cf829c234ae51400d9bdd2", "answers": [{"text": "Amber Rose", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has Kanye finally settled with an married in 2014?", "id": "56cf829c234ae51400d9bdd3", "answers": [{"text": "Kim Kardashian", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many children does Kanye have with Kim?", "id": "56cf829c234ae51400d9bdd4", "answers": [{"text": "2", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Kanye West begin his relationship with Alexis Phifer?", "id": "56d12b6b17492d1400aabb38", "answers": [{"text": "2002", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Alexis Phifer and Kanye West get engaged?", "id": "56d12b6b17492d1400aabb39", "answers": [{"text": "August 2006", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Kanye date from 2008 to 2010?", "id": "56d12b6b17492d1400aabb3a", "answers": [{"text": "Amber Rose", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Kanye West start dating Kim Kardashian?", "id": "56d12b6b17492d1400aabb3b", "answers": [{"text": "April 2012", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where in Jerusalem did Kardashian and West have their daughter North baptised?", "id": "56d12b6b17492d1400aabb3c", "answers": [{"text": "Armenian Apostolic Church at the Cathedral of St. James", "answer_start": 782}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West began an on-and-off relationship with designer Alexis Phifer in 2002, and they became engaged in August 2006. The pair ended their 18-month engagement in 2008. West subsequently dated model Amber Rose from 2008 until the summer of 2010. West began dating reality star and longtime friend Kim Kardashian in April 2012. West and Kardashian became engaged in October 2013, and married on May 24, 2014 at Fort di Belvedere in Florence, Italy. Their private ceremony was subject to widespread mainstream coverage, with West taking issue with the couple's portrayal in the media. They have two children: daughter North \"Nori\" West (born June 15, 2013) and son Saint West (born December 5, 2015). In April 2015, West and Kardashian traveled to Jerusalem to have North baptized in the Armenian Apostolic Church at the Cathedral of St. James. The couple's high status and respective careers have resulted in their relationship becoming subject to heavy media coverage; The New York Times referred to their marriage as \"a historic blizzard of celebrity.\""}], ["Dalam senarai \"500 Album Terbesar sepanjang zaman, Rolling Stone termasuk tiga album Barat-The Dropout College di nombor 298, Pendaftaran Lewat di nombor 118, dan Twisted Fantasy My Beautiful Dark Fantasy di nombor 353. <> Berapa banyak dari Kanye's album yang diletakkan pada senarai Rolling Stone 2012? || 3 <> Berapa banyak album West disertakan pada senarai Rolling Stone's 500 Album Terkini Semua Terkini? || 3", {"qas": [{"question": "How many of Kanye's albums placed on the 2012 Rolling Stone list?", "id": "56cf8915234ae51400d9be15", "answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of West's albums were included on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list?", "id": "56d13983e7d4791d00902041", "answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In its 2012 list of \"500 Greatest Albums of All Time, Rolling Stone included three of West's albums\u2014The College Dropout at number 298, Late Registration at number 118, and My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy at number 353."}], ["Selepas kejayaan lagunya \"Jesus Walks\" dari album The College Dropout, West dipersoalkan mengenai kepercayaannya dan berkata, \"Saya akan mengatakan bahawa saya rohani Saya telah menerima Yesus sebagai Juruselamat saya dan saya akan mengatakan bahawa saya jatuh setiap hari. \" Baru-baru ini, pada bulan September 2014, Barat merujuk dirinya sebagai seorang Kristian ketika salah satu konsertnya. <> Apakah kepercayaan agama Kanye? || Christian <> \"Jesus Walks\" adalah di mana album Kanye? || The Dropout College <> September 2014, Kanye memanggil dirinya apa semasa salah satu konsertnya? || Kristian", {"qas": [{"question": "What are Kanye's religious beliefs?", "id": "56cf85ec234ae51400d9bdfd", "answers": [{"text": "Christian", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "\"Jesus Walks\" was on which of Kanye's albums?", "id": "56d1320f17492d1400aabbf0", "answers": [{"text": "The College Dropout", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "September of 2014, Kanye called himself a what during one of his concerts?", "id": "56d1320f17492d1400aabbf1", "answers": [{"text": "Christian", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After the success of his song \"Jesus Walks\" from the album The College Dropout, West was questioned on his beliefs and said, \"I will say that I'm spiritual. I have accepted Jesus as my Savior. And I will say that I fall short every day.\" More recently, in September 2014, West referred to himself as a Christian during one of his concerts."}], ["Penerbitan muzik dalam talian Pitchfork disenaraikan Fantasy Twisted Fantasy yang Indah sebagai album terbaik dunia sedekad \"setakat ini\" - antara 2010 dan 2014-pada 19 Ogos 2014, manakala Yeezus berada di kedudukan kelapan senarai 100 album. Pada minggu yang sama, lagu \"Runaway\" (memaparkan Pusha T) menduduki tempat ketiga dalam senarai penerbitan 200 \"jejak terbaik\" yang dikeluarkan sejak tahun 2010. <> Antara album Kanye yang memenangi The Pitchfork's Album Dekad (setakat ini)? || My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy <> Tempat mana yang Yeezus selamat dalam senarai 100 album? || kelapan <> Apa penerbitan muzik dalam talian menduduki album Kanye \"My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy\" sebagai album terbaik dunia setakat ini? || The Pitchfork <> Apa album menduduki tempat 8 dalam senarai 100 album? || Yeezus <> Lagu apa yang menduduki tempat ketiga dalam senarai 200 \"trek terbaik\" sejak 2010? || \"Melarikan diri\"", {"qas": [{"question": "Which one of Kanye's albums won The Pitchfork's Album of the Decade (so far) award?", "id": "56cf8955234ae51400d9be17", "answers": [{"text": "My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What place did Yeezus secure on the list of 100 albums?", "id": "56cf8955234ae51400d9be18", "answers": [{"text": "eighth", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What online music publication ranked Kanye's album \"My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy\" as the world's best album so far?", "id": "56d139fee7d4791d00902043", "answers": [{"text": "The Pitchfork", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What album was ranked 8 on a list of 100 albums?", "id": "56d139fee7d4791d00902044", "answers": [{"text": "Yeezus", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song was ranked third in a list of 200 \"best tracks\" since 2010?", "id": "56d139fee7d4791d00902045", "answers": [{"text": "\"Runaway\"", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Pitchfork online music publication ranked My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy as the world's best album of the decade \"so far\"\u2014between 2010 and 2014\u2014on August 19, 2014, while Yeezus was ranked in the eighth position of a list of 100 albums. During the same week, the song \"Runaway\" (featuring Pusha T) was ranked in the third position in the publication's list of the 200 \"best tracks\" released since 2010."}], ["Album enam studio solo pertama di Barat, yang semuanya telah mendapat platinum, telah menerima pelbagai anugerah dan pujian kritis. Semua albumnya telah berjaya secara komersial, dengan Yeezus, album solo keenamnya, menjadi album kelima berturut-turut berturut-turut di A.S. setelah dibebaskan. West mempunyai enam lagu melebihi 3 juta jualan digital pada Disember 2012, dengan \"Gold Digger\" menjual 3,086,000, \"Stronger\" menjual 4,402,000, \"Heartless\" yang menjual 3,742,000, \"E.T.\" menjual lebih dari 4,000,000, \"Love Lockdown\" menjual lebih dari 3,000,000, dan \"Niggas in Paris\" menjual lebih dari 3,000,000, menempatkan beliau ketiga dalam jualan digital keseluruhan dekad yang lalu. Dia telah menjual lebih dari 30 juta lagu digital di Amerika Syarikat menjadikannya salah satu artis digital terlaris sepanjang masa. <> Berapa banyak lagu yang ada di Kanye yang telah melebihi 3 juta jualan digital? || 6 <> Berapa banyak lagu yang telah dijual secara digital dalam kariernya? || lebih 30 juta <> Berapa banyak enam album Barat telah pergi platinum? || 6 <> Apa album kelima berturut-turut Kanye berturut-turut? || Yeezus <> Sehingga tahun 2012, berapa banyak muat turun yang terdapat di \"Golddigger\"? || 3,086,000 <> Apakah pangkat Barat dalam jumlah jualan untuk dekad yang lalu? || ketiga <> Berapa banyak jumlah lagu digital yang telah dijual Kanye West di AS? || 30 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "How many songs has Kanye had that have exceeded 3 million digital sales?", "id": "56cf884a234ae51400d9be0a", "answers": [{"text": "6", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many songs has Kanye sold digitally in his career?", "id": "56cf884a234ae51400d9be0b", "answers": [{"text": "over 30 million", "answer_start": 648}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of West's six albums have gone platinum?", "id": "56d137b1e7d4791d0090202d", "answers": [{"text": "6", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Kanye's fifth consecutive number one album?", "id": "56d137b1e7d4791d0090202e", "answers": [{"text": "Yeezus", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of 2012, how many downloads have there been of \"Golddigger\"?", "id": "56d137b1e7d4791d0090202f", "answers": [{"text": "3,086,000", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What rank is West in total sales for the last decade?", "id": "56d137b1e7d4791d00902030", "answers": [{"text": "third", "answer_start": 585}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many total digital songs has Kanye West sold in the US?", "id": "56d137b1e7d4791d00902031", "answers": [{"text": "30 million", "answer_start": 653}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West's first six solo studio albums, all of which have gone platinum, have received numerous awards and critical acclaim. All of his albums have been commercially successful, with Yeezus, his sixth solo album, becoming his fifth consecutive No. 1 album in the U.S. upon release. West has had six songs exceed 3 million in digital sales as of December 2012, with \"Gold Digger\" selling 3,086,000, \"Stronger\" selling 4,402,000, \"Heartless\" selling 3,742,000, \"E.T.\" selling over 4,000,000, \"Love Lockdown\" selling over 3,000,000, and \"Niggas in Paris\" selling over 3,000,000, placing him third in overall digital sales of the past decade. He has sold over 30 million digital songs in the United States making him one of the best-selling digital artists of all-time."}], ["Pemandangan dan usaha Barat yang lantang di luar muzik telah mendapat perhatian arus perdana. Beliau telah menjadi sumber kontroversi dan pengawasan awam untuk tingkah lakunya di pertunjukan anugerah, di media sosial, dan di tempat awam lain. Komennya yang lebih banyak dipublikasikan termasuk perisytiharannya bahawa Presiden George W. Bush \"tidak peduli terhadap orang kulit hitam\" semasa siaran televisyen hidup 2005 untuk bantuan Hurricane Katrina, dan gangguan penyanyinya Taylor Swift pada 2009 MTV Video Music Awards. Usaha Barat sebagai pereka termasuk kerjasama dengan Nike, Louis Vuitton, dan A.P.C. pada kedua-dua pakaian dan kasut, dan yang paling menonjol menyebabkan kerjasama Yeezy Season dengan Adidas bermula pada tahun 2013. Beliau adalah pengasas dan ketua DONDA syarikat kandungan kreatif. <> Apa yang Presiden melakukan penghinaan terhadap Kanye West pada tahun 2005? || George W. Bush <> Pidato siapa yang merosakkan Kanye West pada Anugerah MTV 2009? || Taylor Swift <> Apa barang-barang fesyen yang direka oleh Kanye West? || pakaian dan kasut <> Apa syarikat yang memulakan Kanye West? || DONDA <> Tahun berapa Kanye West mula bekerja dengan Adidas? || 2013", {"qas": [{"question": "What President did Kanye West insult on air in 2005?", "id": "56d0f72317492d1400aab6a3", "answers": [{"text": "George W. Bush", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose speech did Kanye West ruin at the 2009 MTV Awards?", "id": "56d0f72317492d1400aab6a4", "answers": [{"text": "Taylor Swift", "answer_start": 463}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What fashion items does Kanye West design?", "id": "56d0f72317492d1400aab6a5", "answers": [{"text": "clothing and footwear", "answer_start": 609}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company did Kanye West begin?", "id": "56d0f72317492d1400aab6a6", "answers": [{"text": "DONDA", "answer_start": 791}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Kanye West begin working with Adidas?", "id": "56d0f72317492d1400aab6a7", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 726}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West's outspoken views and ventures outside of music have received significant mainstream attention. He has been a frequent source of controversy and public scrutiny for his conduct at award shows, on social media, and in other public settings. His more publicized comments include his declaration that President George W. Bush \"doesn't care about black people\" during a live 2005 television broadcast for Hurricane Katrina relief, and his interruption of singer Taylor Swift at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards. West's efforts as a designer include collaborations with Nike, Louis Vuitton, and A.P.C. on both clothing and footwear, and have most prominently resulted in the Yeezy Season collaboration with Adidas beginning in 2013. He is the founder and head of the creative content company DONDA."}], ["Sebilangan besar artis dan tokoh lain telah dipengaruhi oleh, atau memuji, karya Barat, termasuk artis hip hop RZA dari Wu-Tang Clan, Chuck D of Public Enemy, dan DJ Premier Gang Starr. Kedua-dua Drake dan Casey Veggies telah mengakui dipengaruhi secara langsung oleh Barat. Artis bukan rap seperti penyanyi-penulis lagu Inggeris Adele dan Lily Allen, seniman New Zealand Lorde, band rock Arctic Monkeys, penyanyi pop Halsey, Sergio Pizzorno dari band rock Inggeris Kasabian dan kumpulan rock indie Amerika MGMT telah mengutip West sebagai pengaruh. Artis eksperimen dan elektronik seperti James Blake Daniel Lopatin, dan Tim Hecker juga mengutip karya Barat sebagai inspirasi. Perintis rock eksperimen dan pengasas Velvet Underground, Lou Reed, dalam tinjauan album West Yeezus, menulis bahawa \"lelaki itu benar-benar, benar-benar berbakat, dia benar-benar cuba untuk menaikkan bar, tidak ada yang hampir melakukan apa yang dia lakukan, di planet yang sama. \" Pemuzik seperti Paul McCartney dan Prince juga memuji kerja Barat. Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif dan pencipta Tesla Motors, Elon Musk memuji Barat dalam senarai 100 orang yang paling berpengaruh di Majalah Time, menulis bahawa: <> Sebilangan artis telah menyebutkan Kanye sebagai apa kepada mereka? || berpengaruh <> Siapa yang memuji West in Time Magazine? || pencipta Elon Musk", {"qas": [{"question": "A number of artists have cited Kanye as being what to them?", "id": "56cf87de234ae51400d9be07", "answers": [{"text": "influential", "answer_start": 1130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who complimented West in Time Magazine?", "id": "56d133ee17492d1400aabc30", "answers": [{"text": "inventor Elon Musk", "answer_start": 1053}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A substantial number of artists and other figures have been influenced by, or complimented, West's work, including hip hop artists RZA of Wu-Tang Clan, Chuck D of Public Enemy, and DJ Premier of Gang Starr. Both Drake and Casey Veggies have acknowledged being influenced directly by West. Non-rap artists such as English singer-songwriters Adele and Lily Allen, New Zealand artist Lorde, rock band Arctic Monkeys, pop singer Halsey, Sergio Pizzorno of English rock band Kasabian and American indie rock group MGMT have cited West as an influence. Experimental and electronic artists such as James Blake Daniel Lopatin, and Tim Hecker have also cited West's work as an inspiration. Experimental rock pioneer and Velvet Underground founder Lou Reed, in a review of West's album Yeezus, wrote that \"the guy really, really, really is talented. He's really trying to raise the bar. No one's near doing what he\u2019s doing, it\u2019s not even on the same planet.\" Musicians such as Paul McCartney and Prince have also commended West's work. Famed Tesla Motors CEO and inventor Elon Musk complimented West in a piece for Time Magazine's 100 most influential people list, writing that:"}], ["Sehingga 2013, West telah memenangi sejumlah 21 Anugerah Grammy, menjadikannya salah seorang artis yang paling banyak dianugerahkan sepanjang masa. About.com menduduki tempat Kanye West No. 8 pada senarai \"Top 50 Hip-Hop Producer\" mereka. Pada 16 Mei 2008, Kanye West telah dimahkotai oleh MTV sebagai tahun pertama \"MC Paling Hangat dalam Permainan.\" Pada 17 Disember 2010, Kanye West telah dipilih sebagai MTV Man of the Year oleh MTV. Billboard menduduki ranking Kanye West No. 3 dalam senarai Top 10 Producer of the Decade. Hubungan Barat dengan Bob Dylan kerana menduduki penganut pengkritik Pazz & Jop tahunan paling banyak kali, dengan empat nombor satu album masing-masing. West juga telah dimasukkan dua kali dalam senarai tahunan Time 100 orang paling berpengaruh di dunia serta disenaraikan dalam beberapa senarai tahunan Forbes. <> Berapa banyak Grammies telah memenangi Kanye pada 2013? || 21 <> Dengan artis mana yang Kanye mengikat dengan untuk mencapai puncak Pazz & Jop Kritikan Tahunan tahunan? || Bob Dylan <> Berapa kali Kanye diletakkan di dalam senarai orang-orang Majalah Masa tahunan? || dua kali <> Pada tahun 2013, West telah memenangi berapa banyak jumlah Grammy Awards? || 21 <> Apakah pangkatnya mengenai About.com memberikan Kanye \"Senarai 50 Hip-Hop Producer\"? || 8 <> Pada hari apa nama MTV Kanye sebagai Tahun 1 \"MC paling hangat dalam Permainan.\"? || 16 Mei 2008 <> 17 Disember 2010 adalah hari Kanye dicalonkan oleh MTV untuk apa? || MTV Man of the Year <> Apa pemuzik yang membuat West mengikat dengan untuk menjaringkan pengundi tahunan Pazz & Jop 4 kali setiap kali? || Bob Dylan", {"qas": [{"question": "How many Grammies has Kanye won as of 2013?", "id": "56cf88bf234ae51400d9be0f", "answers": [{"text": "21", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With which artist does Kanye tie with for reaching the top of the annual Pazz & Jop Critic Poll?", "id": "56cf88bf234ae51400d9be10", "answers": [{"text": "Bob Dylan", "answer_start": 455}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times has Kanye placed in the annual Time Magazine people list?", "id": "56cf88bf234ae51400d9be11", "answers": [{"text": "twice", "answer_start": 610}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2013, West had won how many total Grammy Awards?", "id": "56d138c3e7d4791d00902037", "answers": [{"text": "21", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What rank did About.com give Kanye \"Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers\" list?", "id": "56d138c3e7d4791d00902038", "answers": [{"text": "8", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day did MTV name Kanye as the year's Number 1 \"Hottest MC in the Game.\"?", "id": "56d138c3e7d4791d00902039", "answers": [{"text": "May 16, 2008", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "December 17, 2010 was the day Kanye was nominated by MTV for what?", "id": "56d138c3e7d4791d0090203a", "answers": [{"text": "MTV Man of the Year", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What musician did West tie with for topping the annual Pazz & Jop critic poll 4 times each?", "id": "56d138c3e7d4791d0090203b", "answers": [{"text": "Bob Dylan", "answer_start": 455}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As of 2013, West has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all-time. About.com ranked Kanye West No. 8 on their \"Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers\" list. On May 16, 2008, Kanye West was crowned by MTV as the year's No. 1 \"Hottest MC in the Game.\" On December 17, 2010, Kanye West was voted as the MTV Man of the Year by MTV. Billboard ranked Kanye West No. 3 on their list of Top 10 Producers of the Decade. West ties with Bob Dylan for having topped the annual Pazz & Jop critic poll the most number of times ever, with four number-one albums each. West has also been included twice in the Time 100 annual lists of the most influential people in the world as well as being listed in a number of Forbes annual lists."}], ["Barat adalah antara artis paling terkenal di abad ke dua puluh satu, menerima pujian dari pengkritik, peminat, pemuzik, seniman, dan tokoh budaya yang lebih luas untuk kerjanya. Editor AllMusic, Jason Birchmeier menulis tentang kesannya, \"Kerana kariernya berkembang sepanjang abad ke-21, Barat menghancurkan stereotaip tertentu tentang rappers, menjadi superstar dengan istilahnya sendiri tanpa menyesuaikan penampilannya, retoriknya, atau musiknya untuk menyesuaikan dengan mana-mana musikal acuan. \" Jon Caramanic dari The New York Times mengatakan bahawa Barat telah menjadi \"tongkat kilat yang kerap berlaku untuk kontroversi, seorang tokoh bombastic yang dapat mengalahkan dua presiden di antara pencapaiannya, bersama-sama dengan kehadiran di mana-mana penganalisaan di pameran anugerah (ketika dia menghadiri mereka). \" Editor kanan Village Voice Media, Ben Westhoff menggelarnya sebagai artis hip-hop sepanjang masa, menulis bahawa \"dia membuat album terbaik dan mengubah permainan yang paling, dan muziknya adalah yang paling mungkin bertahan,\" sementara Complex memanggilnya 21 abad \"seniman paling penting dalam apa bentuk seni, genre mana saja.\" The Guardian telah membandingkan West dengan David Bowie, dengan alasan bahawa \"tidak ada orang lain yang boleh menjual rekod seperti West (jualan album dan penghitungan 30m-ganjil) sambil tetap eksperimental dan mampu menimbulkan hal-hal budaya dan politik.\" <> Bagaimana Kanye dilihat sebagai artis abad 21? || antara yang terkenal dengan kritikal <> Apa artis Inggeris yang terkenal adalah Kanye berbanding dengan The Guardian? || David Bowie <> Apa wartawan berbanding Kanye West kepada tongkat kilat? || Jon Caramanic <> Siapa kata Kanye West adalah artis hip hop yang paling hebat sepanjang masa? || Ben Westhoff <> Apa majalah berbanding Kanye dengan David Bowie? || Penjaga", {"qas": [{"question": "How is Kanye viewed as a 21st century artist?", "id": "56cf86a3234ae51400d9bdff", "answers": [{"text": "among the most critically acclaimed", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What famous English artist was Kanye compared to by The Guardian?", "id": "56cf86a3234ae51400d9be00", "answers": [{"text": "David Bowie", "answer_start": 1105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What reporter compared Kanye West to a lightning rod?", "id": "56d1328117492d1400aabc02", "answers": [{"text": "Jon Caramanic", "answer_start": 486}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said Kanye West was the greatest hip hop artist of all time?", "id": "56d1328117492d1400aabc03", "answers": [{"text": "Ben Westhoff", "answer_start": 791}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What magazine compared Kanye to David Bowie?", "id": "56d1328117492d1400aabc04", "answers": [{"text": "The Guardian", "answer_start": 1071}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West is among the most critically acclaimed artists of the twenty-first century, receiving praise from music critics, fans, fellow musicians, artists, and wider cultural figures for his work. AllMusic editor Jason Birchmeier writes of his impact, \"As his career progressed throughout the early 21st century, West shattered certain stereotypes about rappers, becoming a superstar on his own terms without adapting his appearance, his rhetoric, or his music to fit any one musical mold.\" Jon Caramanic of The New York Times said that West has been \"a frequent lightning rod for controversy, a bombastic figure who can count rankling two presidents among his achievements, along with being a reliably dyspeptic presence at award shows (when he attends them).\" Village Voice Media senior editor Ben Westhoff dubbed him the greatest hip hop artist of all time, writing that \"he's made the best albums and changed the game the most, and his music is the most likely to endure,\" while Complex called him the 21st century's \"most important artist of any art form, of any genre.\" The Guardian has compared West to David Bowie, arguing that \"there is nobody else who can sell as many records as West does (30m-odd album sales and counting) while remaining so resolutely experimental and capable of stirring things up culturally and politically.\""}], ["Latar belakang kelas pertengahan Barat, akal fesyen dan kecenderungan fesyen yang flamboyan juga telah membezakannya daripada rappers lain. Awal dalam kerjayanya, beliau adalah antara pelukis pertama yang mengkritik awam tentang homophobia dalam hip hop. Persaingan jualan antara rapper 50 Cent Curtis dan Graduation Barat mengubah arah hip hop dan membantu membuka jalan bagi rapper baru yang tidak mengikuti acuan tegar gangster. Rosie Swash dari The Guardian melihat persaingan jualan itu sebagai momen bersejarah di hip-hop, kerana ia \"menyoroti aspek-aspek hip-hop yang berbeza-beza dalam dekad yang lalu; yang pertama adalah rap gangsta untuk yang tidak bernasib baik, sedangkan Barat adalah alternatif pemikiran lelaki . \" Rolling Stone dikreditkan Barat dengan mengubah arus perdana hip hop, \"menubuhkan gaya rap introspektif namun rap [...]\", dan memanggilnya \"sebagai bintang pop yang menarik dan rumit ketika tahun 2000 dihasilkan-rapper yang menguasai, naik dan bergerak di luar permainan hip-hop, seorang produser yang menciptakan bunyi tanda tangan dan kemudian meninggalkannya kepada peniru-penirunya, seorang ahli sihir berbelanja yang berbakat dengan hal-hal yang mengerti mengenai kuliah, kebudayaan dan ekonomi, egomaniac dengan senjata api yang lebih dari cukup balikkannya. \" Albumnya 808s & Heartbreak 2008 memecah-belahkan pendengar dan pengkritik selepas dibebaskan, tetapi berjaya secara komersil dan memberi kesan kepada hip hop dan pop gaya, kerana ia meletakkan asas bagi gelombang artis baru yang secara umumnya menghilangkan rap khas braggadocio untuk perkara intim dan introspeksi , termasuk Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Masa Depan, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Ketua Keef, dan Soulja Boy. Menurut Ben Detrick dari majalah XXL, West secara efektif memimpin gelombang artis-artis baru, termasuk Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz di Hall, dan Drake, yang tidak mempunyai minat atau keupayaan untuk rap tentang pertarungan atau pengedaran dadah. <> Apa kelebihan tema yang telah dikritik Kanye di awal kerjayanya? || homophobia dalam hip hop <> Pergeseran jauh dari genre rap apa yang dikreditkan oleh Kanye? || gangsta rap <> Apa jenis latar belakang yang Kanye West membesar? || kelas pertengahan <> Siapa yang Kanye West mempunyai persaingan jualan selama pelepasan albumnya? || 50 Cent <Siapa yang mengatakan bahawa Kanye West secara efektif memimpin gelombang artis baru yang tidak hanya berminat untuk mengetuk mengenai pertarungan atau pengedaran dadah? || Ben Detrick", {"qas": [{"question": "What overabundance of themes did Kanye criticize early in his career?", "id": "56cf87a1234ae51400d9be03", "answers": [{"text": "homophobia in hip hop", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The shift away from what genre of rap is Kanye credited for?", "id": "56cf87a1234ae51400d9be04", "answers": [{"text": "gangsta rap", "answer_start": 624}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of background did Kanye West grow up in?", "id": "56d1333517492d1400aabc0e", "answers": [{"text": "middle-class", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Kanye West have a sales competition with during his album release of Graduation?", "id": "56d1333517492d1400aabc0f", "answers": [{"text": "50 Cent", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said that Kanye West effectively led a new wave of artists that weren't only interested in rapping about gunplay or drug dealing?", "id": "56d1333517492d1400aabc10", "answers": [{"text": "Ben Detrick", "answer_start": 1668}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it \"highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative.\" Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, \"establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]\", and called him \"as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced\u2014a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up.\" His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing."}]], [["Menurut kisah ini, sejurus selepas kelahiran putera muda Gautama, seorang ahli astrologi bernama Asita melawat ayah putera muda, Suddhodana, dan menubuatkan bahawa Siddhartha akan menjadi seorang raja yang agung atau meninggalkan dunia material untuk menjadi seorang suci, bergantung pada apakah dia melihat kehidupan seperti di luar dinding istana. <> Apa nama ahli astrologi yang melawat bapa Putera Gautama? || Asita <> Apa ramalan yang dibuat oleh Asita? || Siddhartha sama ada menjadi raja besar atau meninggalkan dunia material untuk menjadi orang suci <> Menurut Asita, bagaimana Siddhartha akan memutuskan jalan mana yang akan diambil dalam hidup? || bergantung kepada sama ada dia melihat kehidupan seperti apa di luar dinding istana <> Apa pekerjaan orang yang melawat Gautama? || seorang ahli nujum <> Apa nama ayahnya? || Suddhodana <> Apakah Buddha diperkirakan bertentangan dengan hidupnya seperti yang kita ketahui? || seorang raja yang hebat <> Apa nama ahli astrologi yang melawat bapa Gautama? || Asita <> Apakah nama bapa Gautama? || Suddhodana <> Asita menubuatkan bahawa Siddhartha akan menjadi sejenis atau apa? || lelaki suci", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the astrologer who visited Prince Gautama's father?", "id": "56d0791d234ae51400d9c306", "answers": [{"text": "Asita", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the prediction made by Asita?", "id": "56d0791d234ae51400d9c307", "answers": [{"text": "Siddhartha would either become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to Asita, how would Siddhartha decide which path to take in life?", "id": "56d0791d234ae51400d9c308", "answers": [{"text": "depending on whether he saw what life was like outside the palace walls", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the occupation of the person who visited Gautama?", "id": "56d0fb0717492d1400aab6d3", "answers": [{"text": "an astrologer", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of his father?", "id": "56d0fb0717492d1400aab6d4", "answers": [{"text": "Suddhodana", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Buddha predicted to become contrary with his life as we know it?", "id": "56d0fb0717492d1400aab6d5", "answers": [{"text": "a great king", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the astrologer that visited Gautama's father?", "id": "56d1c549e7d4791d00902149", "answers": [{"text": "Asita", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Gautama's fathers name?", "id": "56d1c549e7d4791d0090214a", "answers": [{"text": "Suddhodana", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Asita prophesied that Siddhartha would be a kind or a what?", "id": "56d1c549e7d4791d0090214b", "answers": [{"text": "holy man", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to this narrative, shortly after the birth of young prince Gautama, an astrologer named Asita visited the young prince's father, Suddhodana, and prophesied that Siddhartha would either become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man, depending on whether he saw what life was like outside the palace walls."}], ["Bukti dari teks awal menunjukkan bahawa Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama dilahirkan di sebuah komuniti yang berada di pinggiran, baik secara geografi maupun budaya, dari benua timur laut India pada abad kelima BCE. Ia adalah republik kecil, yang mana ayahnya adalah ketua yang dipilih, atau seorang oligarki, yang mana ayahnya adalah seorang oligarki. <> Menurut teks awal, ketika Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama dilahirkan? || abad kelima BCE <> Menurut teks awal, di manakah Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama dilahirkan? || dalam komuniti yang berada di pinggir, baik dari segi geografi dan kultur, dari subkontinen timur laut India <> Apa jenis masyarakat Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama dibesarkan? || Ia adalah republik kecil, yang mana ayahnya adalah ketua yang dipilih, atau seorang oligarki, yang mana ayahnya adalah seorang oligarki. <> Di manakah Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama dilahirkan? || subkontinen timur laut India <> Bilakah Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama hidup? || abad kelima BCE <> Saiz apa tempat kelahiran Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama? || sebuah republik kecil <> Di mana kita dapati bukti kewujudannya? || teks awal <> Apa yang paling mungkin ayah Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama? || seorang oligarki <> yang dilahirkan di bahagian timur laut India / || Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama <> Jika Siddhartha tinggal di republik kecil, ayahnya akan menjadi apa? || ketua yang dipilih", {"qas": [{"question": "According to early texts, when was Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama born?", "id": "56d07874234ae51400d9c300", "answers": [{"text": "fifth century BCE", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to early texts, where was Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama born?", "id": "56d07874234ae51400d9c301", "answers": [{"text": "in a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the northeastern Indian subcontinent", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of community was Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama raised in?", "id": "56d07874234ae51400d9c302", "answers": [{"text": "It was either a small republic, in which case his father was an elected chieftain, or an oligarchy, in which case his father was an oligarch.", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama born?", "id": "56d0fa6417492d1400aab6bf", "answers": [{"text": "the northeastern Indian subcontinent", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama live?", "id": "56d0fa6417492d1400aab6c0", "answers": [{"text": "fifth century BCE", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What size was Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama's birthplace?", "id": "56d0fa6417492d1400aab6c1", "answers": [{"text": "a small republic", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did we find proof of his existence?", "id": "56d0fa6417492d1400aab6c2", "answers": [{"text": "early texts", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was most likely Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama's father?", "id": "56d0fa6417492d1400aab6c3", "answers": [{"text": "an oligarchy", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was born in a northeastern part of India/", "id": "56d1c49ce7d4791d00902139", "answers": [{"text": "Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If Siddhartha lived in a small republic, his father would have been a what?", "id": "56d1c49ce7d4791d0090213b", "answers": [{"text": "elected chieftain", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The evidence of the early texts suggests that Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama was born in a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the northeastern Indian subcontinent in the fifth century BCE. It was either a small republic, in which case his father was an elected chieftain, or an oligarchy, in which case his father was an oligarch."}], ["Menurut pengarang Michael Carrithers, sementara ada alasan yang baik untuk meragukan akun tradisional, \"garis besar kehidupan mesti benar: kelahiran, kematangan, penolakan, pencarian, kebangkitan dan pembebasan, pengajaran, kematian.\" Dalam penulisan biografi Buddha, Karen Armstrong mencatat, \"Oleh itu, sukar untuk menulis biografi Buddha yang memenuhi kriteria moden, kerana kita mempunyai sedikit informasi yang dapat dipertimbangkan dalam sejarahnya ... [tetapi] kita dapat yakin dengan yakin Siddhatta Gotama memang ada dan murid-muridnya memelihara kenangan hidup dan ajarannya. \"[yang diragukan - membincangkan] <> Siapa kata\" garis besar kehidupan mestinya benar: kelahiran, kematangan, penolakan, pencarian, kebangkitan dan pembebasan, pengajaran, kematian. \"? || Michael Carrithers <> Apakah beberapa garis besar kehidupan? || kelahiran, matang, penolakan <> Siapa yang menulis biografi Buddha? || Karen Armstrong <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh orang itu nama sebenar Buddha? || Siddhatta Gotama <> Apakah pembantu yang disebut itu membantu Buddha? || murid <> yang percaya \"garis besar kehidupan mestinya benar\" merujuk kepada Buddha? || Michael Carrithers <> Karen Armstrong menulis biografi siapa? || Buddha <> Karen Armstrong telah mengatakan bahawa kita dapat yakin siapa yang ada? || Siddhatta Gotama", {"qas": [{"question": "Who said \"the outline of the life must be true: birth, maturity, renunciation, search, awakening and liberation, teaching, death.\"?", "id": "56d077d6234ae51400d9c2fe", "answers": [{"text": "Michael Carrithers", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some of the outlines of life?", "id": "56d0f9af17492d1400aab6b5", "answers": [{"text": "birth, maturity, renunciation", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote a biography of Buddha?", "id": "56d0f9af17492d1400aab6b6", "answers": [{"text": "Karen Armstrong", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do some say is Buddha's real name?", "id": "56d0f9af17492d1400aab6b8", "answers": [{"text": "Siddhatta Gotama", "answer_start": 512}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the helpers called that helped Buddha?", "id": "56d0f9af17492d1400aab6b9", "answers": [{"text": "disciples", "answer_start": 559}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who believes \"the outline of the life must be true\" in reference to Buddha?", "id": "56d1c3cae7d4791d0090212b", "answers": [{"text": "Michael Carrithers", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Karen Armstrong wrote a biography on who?", "id": "56d1c3cae7d4791d0090212c", "answers": [{"text": "the Buddha", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Karen Armstrong has said that we can be confident who existed?", "id": "56d1c3cae7d4791d0090212d", "answers": [{"text": "Siddhatta Gotama", "answer_start": 512}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to author Michael Carrithers, while there are good reasons to doubt the traditional account, \"the outline of the life must be true: birth, maturity, renunciation, search, awakening and liberation, teaching, death.\" In writing her biography of the Buddha, Karen Armstrong noted, \"It is obviously difficult, therefore, to write a biography of the Buddha that meets modern criteria, because we have very little information that can be considered historically sound... [but] we can be reasonably confident Siddhatta Gotama did indeed exist and that his disciples preserved the memory of his life and teachings as well as they could.\"[dubious \u2013 discuss]"}], ["Dalam Buddhisme Theravada, matlamat utama adalah pencapaian keadaan Nirvana yang mulia, yang dicapai dengan mengamalkan Jalan Mulia Lapan (juga dikenali sebagai Jalan Tengah), sehingga melarikan diri dari apa yang dilihat sebagai kitaran penderitaan dan kelahiran semula. Buddhisme Mahayana sebaliknya bercita-cita untuk Buddhahood melalui jalan bodhisattva, keadaan di mana satu masih dalam kitaran ini untuk membantu makhluk lain mencapai kebangkitan. Buddhisme Tibet bercita-cita untuk Buddhahood atau badan pelangi. <> Apakah tujuan Buddhisme Theravada? || pencapaian keadaan luhur Nirvana <> Bagaimana Nirvana dicapai? || mengamalkan Jalan Mulia Lapan (juga dikenali sebagai Jalan Tengah) <> Apakah jalan bodhisattva? || sebuah negara di mana satu masih dalam kitaran ini untuk membantu makhluk lain mencapai kebangkitan <> Apa tujuan Buddhisme Tibet? || Buddhahood atau body rainbow <> Bagaimana Nirvana dicapai? || dengan mempraktikkan Laluan Noble Delapan <> Dalam apa buddhism adalah matlamat keadaan nirvana? || Theravada <> Apakah buddhisme mempunyai matlamat Buddhahood atau badan pelangi? || Tibetan <> The Noble Eightfold Path juga dikenali sebagai apa? || Jalan Tengah <> Mahayana bercita-cita untuk Buddhahood melalui jalan apa? || bodhisattva <> Theravada terlepas apa kitaran? || penderitaan dan kelahiran semula", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the goal of Theravada Buddhism?", "id": "56cffaa0234ae51400d9c1d9", "answers": [{"text": "the attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is Nirvana achieved?", "id": "56cffaa0234ae51400d9c1da", "answers": [{"text": "practicing the Noble Eightfold Path (also known as the Middle Way)", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the bodhisattva path?", "id": "56cffaa0234ae51400d9c1db", "answers": [{"text": "a state wherein one remains in this cycle to help other beings reach awakening", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the goal of Tibetan Buddhism?", "id": "56cffaa0234ae51400d9c1dc", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhahood or rainbow body", "answer_start": 418}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is Nirvana attained?", "id": "56d0e19c17492d1400aab676", "answers": [{"text": "by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what buddhism is the goal a state of nirvana?", "id": "56d1bc77e7d4791d009020f3", "answers": [{"text": "Theravada", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What buddhism has a goal of Buddhahood or rainbow body?", "id": "56d1bc77e7d4791d009020f4", "answers": [{"text": "Tibetan", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Noble Eightfold Path is also known as what?", "id": "56d1bc77e7d4791d009020f5", "answers": [{"text": "the Middle Way", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Mahayana aspires to Buddhahood through what path?", "id": "56d1bc77e7d4791d009020f6", "answers": [{"text": "bodhisattva", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Theravada escapes what cycle?", "id": "56d1bc77e7d4791d009020f7", "answers": [{"text": "suffering and rebirth", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Theravada Buddhism, the ultimate goal is the attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana, achieved by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path (also known as the Middle Way), thus escaping what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth. Mahayana Buddhism instead aspires to Buddhahood via the bodhisattva path, a state wherein one remains in this cycle to help other beings reach awakening. Tibetan Buddhism aspires to Buddhahood or rainbow body."}], ["Kisah ini menarik pada Nid\u0101nakath\u0101 kisah Jataka dari Theravada, yang digambarkan oleh Buddhagho\u1e63a pada abad ke-5 M. Biografi awal seperti Buddhacarita, Lokottarav\u0101din Mah\u0101vastu, dan Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101din Lalitavistara S\u016btra, memberikan akaun yang berbeza. Ulama teragak-agak untuk membuat tuntutan yang tidak memenuhi syarat mengenai fakta-fakta sejarah kehidupan Buddha. Kebanyakan menerima bahawa dia hidup, mengajar dan mengasaskan perintah biarawan, tetapi tidak secara konsisten menerima semua butiran yang terkandung dalam biografinya. <> The Nid\u0101nakath\u0101 dari cerita-cerita Jataka dari Theravada dikaitkan dengan siapa? || Nid\u0101nakath\u0101 daripada cerita-cerita Jataka dari Theravada <> Apakah beberapa biografi lain yang berbeza dari cerita-cerita Jataka? || Buddhacarita, Lokottarav\u0101din Mah\u0101vastu, dan Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101din Lalitavistara S\u016btra <> Apa yang diketahui ulama tentang kehidupan Buddha? || Kebanyakan menerima bahawa dia hidup, mengajar dan mengasaskan perintah monastik <> Bilakah ditulis oleh Buddhagohosa? || Abad ke-5 CE <> Apakah salah satu biografi yang terdahulu mengenai agama Buddha? || the Buddhacarita <> yang menubuhkan perintah monastik dalam hidupnya? || Buddha <> Ulama tidak membuat tuntutan tanpa bukti tentang siapa hidup? || Buddha <> Sebagian besar menerima bahawa Buddha hidup dan mengajar dalam apa jenis perintah? || monastik <> Kisah-kisah Jataka dari Theravada berlaku dalam abad apa? || 5hb", {"qas": [{"question": "The Nid\u0101nakath\u0101 of the Jataka tales of the Theravada is attributed to who?", "id": "56d0772c234ae51400d9c2f8", "answers": [{"text": "Nid\u0101nakath\u0101 of the Jataka tales of the Theravada", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some other biographies that differ from the Jataka tales?", "id": "56d0772c234ae51400d9c2f9", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhacarita, the Lokottarav\u0101din Mah\u0101vastu, and the Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101din Lalitavistara S\u016btra", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do scholars recognize about the life of the Buddha?", "id": "56d0772c234ae51400d9c2fa", "answers": [{"text": "Most accept that he lived, taught and founded a monastic order", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Buddhagohosa written?", "id": "56d0e42e17492d1400aab689", "answers": [{"text": "5th century CE", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one of the earlier biographies on Buddhism?", "id": "56d0e42e17492d1400aab68a", "answers": [{"text": "the Buddhacarita", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who founded a monastic order in his life?", "id": "56d0e42e17492d1400aab68c", "answers": [{"text": "Buddha", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Scholars do not make claims without evidence about who's life?", "id": "56d1c2d2e7d4791d0090211f", "answers": [{"text": "Buddha", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Most accept that Buddha lived and taught in what type of order?", "id": "56d1c2d2e7d4791d00902120", "answers": [{"text": "monastic", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Jataka tales of the Theravada happened in what century?", "id": "56d1c2d2e7d4791d00902121", "answers": [{"text": "5th ce", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "This narrative draws on the Nid\u0101nakath\u0101 of the Jataka tales of the Theravada, which is ascribed to Buddhagho\u1e63a in the 5th century CE. Earlier biographies such as the Buddhacarita, the Lokottarav\u0101din Mah\u0101vastu, and the Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101din Lalitavistara S\u016btra, give different accounts. Scholars are hesitant to make unqualified claims about the historical facts of the Buddha's life. Most accept that he lived, taught and founded a monastic order, but do not consistently accept all of the details contained in his biographies."}], ["Sri madhu bertekad untuk melihat anaknya menjadi raja, maka dia menghalangnya meninggalkan istana. Tetapi pada usia 29 tahun, walaupun usaha ayahnya, Gautama meneroka beberapa kali di luar istana. Dalam satu siri pertemuan yang diketahui dalam kesusasteraan Buddha sebagai empat pemandangan-dia mengetahui penderitaan orang biasa, menghadapi seorang lelaki tua, seorang lelaki yang sakit, sebuah mayat dan, akhirnya, seorang lelaki suci pertapa, nampaknya bertenang dan damai dengan dunia. Pengalaman ini mendorong Gautama untuk meninggalkan kehidupan kerajaan dan melakukan pencarian rohani. <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh Sriwidha untuk memastikan anaknya menjadi raja bukan orang suci? || menghalangnya meninggalkan istana <> Berapa lama Gautama ketika dia pertama kali meninggalkan istana? || 29 <> Apa yang berlaku ketika Gautama meninggalkan tempat istana? || dia mengetahui penderitaan orang biasa <> Apakah empat pemandangan dalam agama Buddha? || berhadapan dengan seorang lelaki tua, seorang lelaki yang sakit, mayat dan, akhirnya, orang suci pertapa <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh bapa Buddha untuk menjadi? || seorang raja <> Berapa umurnya dia sedang mencari di luar? || 29 <> Apakah empat pertemuan pertamanya yang dipanggil? || Keempat pemandangan <> Apa yang Gautama lakukan selepas belajar tentang dunia luar? || meninggalkan kehidupan diraja <> Suddhodana mahu anaknya menjadi apa? || seorang raja <> Pada usia berapa Gautama berani keluar dari kawasan istana? || 29 <> Berapa banyak \"pemandangan\" yang dimiliki Gautama yang terkenal? || empat <> Gautama menemui seorang lelaki tua, seorang lelaki sakit, seorang suci, dan apa? || mayat", {"qas": [{"question": "What did \u015auddhodana do to ensure that his son became a king instead of a holy man?", "id": "56d079e1234ae51400d9c30c", "answers": [{"text": "prevented him from leaving the palace grounds", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old was Gautama when he first left the palace grounds?", "id": "56d079e1234ae51400d9c30d", "answers": [{"text": "29", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened when Gautama left the palace grounds?", "id": "56d079e1234ae51400d9c30e", "answers": [{"text": "he learned of the suffering of ordinary people", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the four sights in Buddhism?", "id": "56d079e1234ae51400d9c30f", "answers": [{"text": "encountering an old man, a sick man, a corpse and, finally, an ascetic holy man", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Buddha's father want him to become?", "id": "56d0fbb717492d1400aab6e1", "answers": [{"text": "a king", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what age was he venturing outside?", "id": "56d0fbb717492d1400aab6e3", "answers": [{"text": "29", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were his first four encounters called?", "id": "56d0fbb717492d1400aab6e4", "answers": [{"text": "the four sights", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Gautama do after learning about the outside world?", "id": "56d0fbb717492d1400aab6e5", "answers": [{"text": "abandon royal life", "answer_start": 493}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Suddhodana wanted his son to become what?", "id": "56d1c664e7d4791d00902151", "answers": [{"text": "a king", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what age did Gautama venture out from the palace area?", "id": "56d1c664e7d4791d00902152", "answers": [{"text": "29", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many \"sights\" did Gautama have that are well known?", "id": "56d1c664e7d4791d00902153", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Gautama encountered an old man, a sick man, a holy man, and a what?", "id": "56d1c664e7d4791d00902154", "answers": [{"text": "corpse", "answer_start": 365}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\u015auddhodana was determined to see his son become a king, so he prevented him from leaving the palace grounds. But at age 29, despite his father's efforts, Gautama ventured beyond the palace several times. In a series of encounters\u2014known in Buddhist literature as the four sights\u2014he learned of the suffering of ordinary people, encountering an old man, a sick man, a corpse and, finally, an ascetic holy man, apparently content and at peace with the world. These experiences prompted Gautama to abandon royal life and take up a spiritual quest."}], ["Dua cawangan utama Buddhisme umumnya diiktiraf oleh para ulama: Theravada (\"Sekolah Penatua\") dan Mahayana (\"The Great Vehicle\"). Vajrayana, sebuah badan ajaran yang dikaitkan dengan siddhas India, boleh dilihat sebagai cawangan ketiga atau sekadar sebahagian dari Mahayana. Theravada mempunyai banyak yang tersebar di Sri Lanka dan Asia Tenggara. Mahayana yang merangkumi tradisi Tanah Tulen, Zen, Nichiren Buddhisme, Shingon, dan Tiantai (Tendai) dijumpai di seluruh Asia Timur. Buddhisme Tibet, yang memelihara ajaran Vajrayana pada abad ke-8 India, diamalkan di kawasan sekitar Himalaya, Mongolia dan Kalmykia. Bilangan Buddha di antara anggaran 488 juta [web 1] dan 535 juta, menjadikannya salah satu agama utama di dunia. <> Apakah dua cabang utama agama Buddha? || Theravada (\"Sekolah Penatua\") dan Mahayana (\"The Great Vehicle\") <> Apa yang kadang-kadang dipandang sebagai cabang ketiga Buddhisme? || Vajrayana <> Di mana Theravada mempunyai yang terbesar berikut? || Sri Lanka dan Asia Tenggara <> Mahayana termasuk amalan Buddhisme? || Tanah Tulen, Zen, Nichiren Buddhisme, Shingon, dan Tiantai (Tendai) <> Berapa anggaran bilangan umat Buddha di dunia? || 488 juta [web 1] dan 535 juta <> Cabang mana yang mengamalkan ajaran Zen? || Mahayana <> Apa cawangan kecil kadangkala dikaitkan dengan Mahayana? || Vajrayana <> Apa ajaran macam apakah yang dipelihara Tibet Buddha? || Vajrayana <> Vajrayana dikaitkan dengan siapa? || India siddhas <> Theravada bererti apa? || Sekolah Penatua", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the two major branches of Buddhism?", "id": "56cffa20234ae51400d9c1c5", "answers": [{"text": "Theravada (\"The School of the Elders\") and Mahayana (\"The Great Vehicle\")", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is sometimes viewed as the third branch of Buddhism?", "id": "56cffa20234ae51400d9c1c6", "answers": [{"text": "Vajrayana", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does Theravada have the largest following?", "id": "56cffa20234ae51400d9c1c7", "answers": [{"text": "Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Mahayana includes which practices of Buddhism?", "id": "56cffa20234ae51400d9c1c8", "answers": [{"text": "Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai (Tendai)", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the estimated number of Buddhists in the world?", "id": "56cffa20234ae51400d9c1c9", "answers": [{"text": "488 million[web 1] and 535 million", "answer_start": 677}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which branch practices the teachings of Zen?", "id": "56d0e08817492d1400aab66d", "answers": [{"text": "Mahayana", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What minor branch is sometimes attributed to Mahayana?", "id": "56d0e08817492d1400aab66e", "answers": [{"text": "Vajrayana", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of teachings does Tibetan Buddhism preserve?", "id": "56d1ba3ee7d4791d009020de", "answers": [{"text": "Vajrayana", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Vajrayana is attributed to who?", "id": "56d1ba3ee7d4791d009020e0", "answers": [{"text": "Indian siddhas", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Theravada means what?", "id": "56d1ba3ee7d4791d009020e1", "answers": [{"text": "The School of the Elders", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (\"The School of the Elders\") and Mahayana (\"The Great Vehicle\"). Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana. Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana which includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai (Tendai) is found throughout East Asia. Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India, is practiced in regions surrounding the Himalayas, Mongolia and Kalmykia. Buddhists number between an estimated 488 million[web 1] and 535 million, making it one of the world's major religions."}], ["Sekolah Buddhis berbeza-beza mengikut sifat sebenar jalan menuju pembebasan, kepentingan dan kanonik pelbagai ajaran dan kitab suci, dan terutama amalan masing-masing. Buddhisme menafikan dewa pencipta dan menegaskan bahawa dewa-dewa duniawi seperti Mahabrahma salah menjadi pencipta. Asas tradisi dan amalan Buddha adalah Tiga Jewels: Buddha, Dharma (ajaran), dan Sangha (masyarakat). Mengambil \"perlindungan di permata triple\" secara tradisinya merupakan pengisytiharan dan komitmen untuk berada di jalan Buddha, dan pada umumnya membezakan seorang Buddha dari bukan Buddha. Amalan-amalan lain adalah Sepuluh Kebenaran Sukses termasuk, memberikan amal untuk mengurangkan ketamakan; mengikuti ajaran etika; melepaskan kehidupan konvensional dan menjadi monastik; perkembangan kesedaran dan amalan meditasi; penanaman kebijaksanaan dan penglihatan yang lebih tinggi; belajar kitab suci; amalan ibadat; upacara; dan dalam tradisi Mahayana, doa buddha dan bodhisattva. <> Apakah tiga Jewels tradisi Buddhis? || Buddha, Dharma (ajaran), dan Sangha (masyarakat) <> Apa salah satu daripada Sepuluh Kebajikan Agama Buddha? || penanaman kebijaksanaan dan pengertian yang lebih tinggi <> Apa amalan lain yang dilakukan oleh para Buddha? || Sepuluh Barang Yang Terhormat <> Apa salah satu daripada Sepuluh Kesetiaan Yang Beruntung? || meninggalkan kehidupan konvensional dan menjadi monastik <> Buddhisme menafikan jenis dewa apa? || pencipta <Dari Sepuluh Kesetiaan Berat, memberi amal mengurangkan apa? || Ketamakan Budha dan Bodhisattva dalam tradisi apa? || Mahayana", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the Three Jewels of the Buddhist tradition?", "id": "56d07602234ae51400d9c2f4", "answers": [{"text": "the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community)", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one of the Ten Meritorious Deeds of Buddhism?", "id": "56d07602234ae51400d9c2f5", "answers": [{"text": "cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment", "answer_start": 856}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other practices do Buddhists adhere to?", "id": "56d0e34017492d1400aab682", "answers": [{"text": "Ten Meritorious Deeds", "answer_start": 639}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one of the Ten Meritorious Deeds?", "id": "56d0e34017492d1400aab683", "answers": [{"text": "renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic", "answer_start": 741}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Buddhism denies what kind of deity?", "id": "56d1be69e7d4791d009020fe", "answers": [{"text": "creator", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of the Ten Meritorious Deeds, giving charity reduces what?", "id": "56d1be69e7d4791d009020ff", "answers": [{"text": "greediness", "answer_start": 701}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Invocation of buddhas and bodhisattvas is in what tradition?", "id": "56d1be69e7d4791d00902101", "answers": [{"text": "Mahayana", "answer_start": 968}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of the path to liberation, the importance and canonicity of various teachings and scriptures, and especially their respective practices. Buddhism denies a creator deity and posits that mundane deities such as Mahabrahma are misperceived to be a creator. The foundations of Buddhist tradition and practice are the Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community). Taking \"refuge in the triple gem\" has traditionally been a declaration and commitment to being on the Buddhist path, and in general distinguishes a Buddhist from a non-Buddhist. Other practices are Ten Meritorious Deeds including, giving charity to reduce the greediness; following ethical precepts; renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic; the development of mindfulness and practice of meditation; cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment; study of scriptures; devotional practices; ceremonies; and in the Mahayana tradition, invocation of buddhas and bodhisattvas."}], ["Gautama pertama kali pergi belajar dengan guru-guru agama yang terkenal pada hari itu, dan menguasai pencapaian meditasi yang mereka ajar. Tetapi dia mendapati bahawa mereka tidak memberikan kesudahan yang kekal kepada penderitaan, jadi dia meneruskan pencariannya. Beliau seterusnya mencuba pertikaian yang melampau, yang merupakan pengejaran agama yang lazim di kalangan \u015brama\u1e47a, budaya agama yang berbeza dari yang Vedic. Gautama menjalani puasa berpanjangan, nafas, dan pendedahan kepada kesakitan. Dia hampir mati kelaparan dalam proses itu. Dia menyedari bahawa dia telah mengambil amalan semacam ini dan tidak menamatkan penderitaan. Oleh itu, pada momen penting beliau menerima susu dan beras dari seorang gadis kampung dan menukar pendekatannya. Beliau menumpukan perhatiannya kepada meditasi anapanasati, yang mana dia dapati apa yang dipanggil Buddhis memanggil Jalan Tengah (Skt. Madhyam\u0101-pratipad): jalan yang sederhana antara yang melampaui kelonggaran diri dan mementingkan diri sendiri [web 2] [web 3] < > Apa perkara pertama yang dilakukan Gautama dalam usaha kerohaniannya? || pergi belajar dengan guru-guru agama yang terkenal hari ini <> Apakah jalan penyederhanaan antara kelebihan diri dan pemalsuan diri dipanggil? || Jalan Tengah <> Apakah beberapa amalan Gautama menjalani usahanya? || berpuasa berpanjangan, nafas, dan pendedahan kepada rasa sakit <> Apa kemahiran pertama yang dipelajari oleh Gautama? || meditasi <> Apa yang hampir membunuh Gautama dalam mengejarnya? || asketisme <> Apa yang dia terima dari penduduk tempatan yang mengubah pendekatannya? || susu dan nasi <> Apakah jalan penyederhanaannya dipanggil dia? || Middle Way <> Gautama tidak suka ajaran agama yang pada mulanya ditemui kerana sebabnya? || mereka tidak memberikan harapan kekal kepada penderitaan <> Apa yang diterima oleh Gautama dari seorang gadis kampung? || susu dan beras <> Gautama mengabdikan dirinya kepada jenis meditasi? || anapanasati <> Buddha memanggil anapanasati apa? || jalan tengah", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the first thing Gautama did on his spiritual quest?", "id": "56d08581234ae51400d9c33a", "answers": [{"text": "went to study with famous religious teachers of the day", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the path of moderation between the extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification called?", "id": "56d08581234ae51400d9c33b", "answers": [{"text": "the Middle Way", "answer_start": 785}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some of the practices Gautama underwent on his quest?", "id": "56d08581234ae51400d9c33c", "answers": [{"text": "prolonged fasting, breath-holding, and exposure to pain", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first skill Gautama learnt?", "id": "56d0fc6417492d1400aab6eb", "answers": [{"text": "meditation", "answer_start": 725}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What almost killed Gautama in his pursuit?", "id": "56d0fc6417492d1400aab6ec", "answers": [{"text": "asceticism", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did he receive from the locals that changed his approach?", "id": "56d0fc6417492d1400aab6ee", "answers": [{"text": "milk and rice", "answer_start": 631}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the path of moderation called he followed?", "id": "56d0fc6417492d1400aab6ef", "answers": [{"text": "Middle Way", "answer_start": 789}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Gautama didn't like the religious teaching he initially found because of why?", "id": "56d1c755e7d4791d00902179", "answers": [{"text": "they did not provide a permanent end to suffering", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Gautama accept from a village girl?", "id": "56d1c755e7d4791d0090217b", "answers": [{"text": "milk and rice", "answer_start": 631}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Gautama devoted himself to what type of meditation?", "id": "56d1c755e7d4791d0090217c", "answers": [{"text": "anapanasati", "answer_start": 713}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Buddhists call anapanasati what?", "id": "56d1c755e7d4791d0090217d", "answers": [{"text": "the Middle Way", "answer_start": 785}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Gautama first went to study with famous religious teachers of the day, and mastered the meditative attainments they taught. But he found that they did not provide a permanent end to suffering, so he continued his quest. He next attempted an extreme asceticism, which was a religious pursuit common among the \u015brama\u1e47as, a religious culture distinct from the Vedic one. Gautama underwent prolonged fasting, breath-holding, and exposure to pain. He almost starved himself to death in the process. He realized that he had taken this kind of practice to its limit, and had not put an end to suffering. So in a pivotal moment he accepted milk and rice from a village girl and changed his approach. He devoted himself to anapanasati meditation, through which he discovered what Buddhists call the Middle Way (Skt. madhyam\u0101-pratipad): a path of moderation between the extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification.[web 2][web 3]"}], ["Buddhisme / bud\u026az\u0259m / adalah agama nontheistik [nota 1] atau falsafah (Sanskrit: \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e dharma; Pali: \u0927\u092e\u094d\u092e dhamma) yang merangkumi pelbagai tradisi, kepercayaan dan amalan rohani sebahagian besarnya berdasarkan ajaran yang dikaitkan dengan Gautama Buddha, (\"yang terbangun\"). Menurut tradisi Buddhis, Buddha hidup dan mengajar di bahagian timur benua India, Nepal saat ini antara abad ke-6 dan ke-4 SM. [Catatan 1] Dia diakui oleh penganut Buddha sebagai guru yang terbangun atau tercerahkan yang berkongsi pandangan untuk membantu makhluk hidup mengakhiri penderitaan mereka melalui penghapusan kejahilan dan keinginan. Budha percaya bahawa ini dicapai melalui pemahaman dan persepsi langsung tentang ketergantungan dan Empat Kebenaran Mulia. <> Apakah agama jenis agama Buddha? || nontheistic <> Apakah amalan Buddhisme berdasarkan? || ajaran yang dikaitkan dengan Buddha Gautama <> Dimana Buddha hidup? || Nepal hari ini <Bagaimana umat Buddha percaya penderitaan mereka boleh berakhir? || melalui pemahaman langsung dan persepsi tentang asal-usul yang bergantung dan Empat Kebenaran Mulia <> Apa yang diajar oleh Buddha harus diberikan untuk menamatkan penderitaan? || kejahilan dan keinginan <> Apa agama jenis agama Buddha? || agama yang tidak beretika <> Siapa yang mengajar adalah Buddha berdasarkan? || Gautama Buddha <> Kapan Buddha hidup? || antara abad ke 6 dan ke 4 BCE <> Di mana Buddha tinggal ketika dia masih hidup? || hari ini Nepal <> Siapakah ajaran Buddha berdasarkan? || Gautama Buddha <> Di mana Buddha berfikir untuk hidup? || Nepal <> Ketika kira-kira adalah Buddha hidup? || kadang-kadang antara abad ke 6 dan ke 4 BCE <> Buddhisme didasarkan pada pengajaran siapa? || Gautama Buddha <> Berapa banyak kebenaran yang mulia di sana? || 4 <> Buddha adalah sebahagian daripada subcontinent apa? || India <> Siapa yang \"terbangun\" || Buddha", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of religion is Buddhism?", "id": "56cff91b234ae51400d9c1bb", "answers": [{"text": "nontheistic", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the practices of Buddhism based on?", "id": "56cff91b234ae51400d9c1bc", "answers": [{"text": "teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Buddha live?", "id": "56cff91b234ae51400d9c1bd", "answers": [{"text": "present-day Nepal", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do Buddhists believe their suffering can be ended?", "id": "56cff91b234ae51400d9c1be", "answers": [{"text": "through the direct understanding and perception of dependent origination and the Four Noble Truths", "answer_start": 706}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Buddha teach should be given up to end suffering?", "id": "56cff91b234ae51400d9c1bf", "answers": [{"text": "ignorance and craving", "answer_start": 639}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of religion is Buddhism?", "id": "56d0c933234ae51400d9c43c", "answers": [{"text": "nontheistic religion", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who's teaching is Buddhism based upon?", "id": "56d0c933234ae51400d9c43d", "answers": [{"text": "Gautama Buddha", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Buddha alive?", "id": "56d0c933234ae51400d9c43e", "answers": [{"text": "between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE", "answer_start": 429}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Buddha reside when he was alive?", "id": "56d0c933234ae51400d9c43f", "answers": [{"text": "present-day Nepal", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who's teachings is Buddhism based upon?", "id": "56d0d6db17492d1400aab662", "answers": [{"text": "Gautama Buddha", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Buddha thought to live?", "id": "56d0d6db17492d1400aab663", "answers": [{"text": "Nepal", "answer_start": 414}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When approximately was Buddha alive?", "id": "56d0d6db17492d1400aab664", "answers": [{"text": "sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Buddhism is based on the teaching of who?", "id": "56d1b926e7d4791d009020cd", "answers": [{"text": "Gautama Buddha", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many noble truths are there?", "id": "56d1b926e7d4791d009020cf", "answers": [{"text": "4", "answer_start": 449}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Buddha was part of what subcontinent?", "id": "56d1b926e7d4791d009020d0", "answers": [{"text": "Indian", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is \"the awakened one\"", "id": "56d1b926e7d4791d009020d1", "answers": [{"text": "Buddha", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Buddhism /\u02c8bud\u026az\u0259m/ is a nontheistic religion[note 1] or philosophy (Sanskrit: \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e dharma; Pali: \u0927\u092e\u094d\u092e dhamma) that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha, commonly known as the Buddha (\"the awakened one\"). According to Buddhist tradition, the Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, present-day Nepal sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE.[note 1] He is recognized by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end their suffering through the elimination of ignorance and craving. Buddhists believe that this is accomplished through the direct understanding and perception of dependent origination and the Four Noble Truths."}], ["Ajaran mengenai Empat Kebenaran Mulia dianggap sebagai pusat ajaran Buddha, dan dikatakan menyediakan kerangka konseptual untuk pemikiran Buddha. Empat kebenaran ini menerangkan sifat dukkha (penderitaan, kebimbangan, ketidakpuasan), penyebabnya, dan bagaimana ia dapat diatasi. Empat kebenaran adalah: [note 4] <> Apa yang dianggap sebagai pusat ajaran Buddha? || Empat Kebenaran Mulia <> Apa maksud Empat Kebenaran Mulia? || sifat dukkha (penderitaan, kebimbangan, ketidakpuasan), penyebabnya, dan bagaimana ia dapat diatasi <> Apa ajaran yang paling penting bagi Buddhisme? || Empat Kebenaran Mulia <> Apa bahagian Dukkha berkaitan dengan kesakitan? || penderitaan <> Apa yang dianggap sebagai pusat ajaran Buddha? || Empat Kebenaran Mulia <> Empat kebenaran menerangkan sifat apa? || dukkha", {"qas": [{"question": "What is considered to be central to the teachings of Buddhism?", "id": "56d0a422234ae51400d9c3ea", "answers": [{"text": "the Four Noble Truths", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do the Four Noble Truths explain?", "id": "56d0a422234ae51400d9c3eb", "answers": [{"text": "the nature of dukkha (suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness), its causes, and how it can be overcome", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What teachings are the most important to Buddhism?", "id": "56d12a0417492d1400aabb06", "answers": [{"text": "the Four Noble Truths", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of Dukkha deals with pain?", "id": "56d12a0417492d1400aabb0a", "answers": [{"text": "suffering", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is considered central to the teachings of Buddhism?", "id": "56d1d0bbe7d4791d00902227", "answers": [{"text": "Four Noble Truths", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The four truths explain the nature of what?", "id": "56d1d0bbe7d4791d00902228", "answers": [{"text": "dukkha", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The teachings on the Four Noble Truths are regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism, and are said to provide a conceptual framework for Buddhist thought. These four truths explain the nature of dukkha (suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness), its causes, and how it can be overcome. The four truths are:[note 4]"}], ["Kebenaran pertama menerangkan sifat dukkha. Dukkha biasanya diterjemahkan sebagai \"penderitaan\", \"kebimbangan\", \"ketidakpuasan\", \"kegelisahan\", dan sebagainya, dan dikatakan mempunyai tiga aspek berikut: <> Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan Empat Kebenaran Mulia yang pertama? || sifat dukkha <> Apakah Dukkha? || \"penderitaan\", \"kebimbangan\", \"ketidakpuasan\", \"kegelisahan\", dan sebagainya. || Dukkha <> Apa kata lain untuk Dukkha? || menderita <> Apa sifat Dukkha yang lain? || kegelisahan <> Berapa banyak aspek yang ada di Dukkha? || tiga <> Dukkha dapat diterjemahkan sebagai kata apa yang berkaitan dengan ketidakbahagiaan? || ketidakpuasan <> Penderitaan, kebimbangan, ketidakpuasan, dan ketidakpuasan adalah terjemahan perkataan apa? || Dukkha <> Berapa banyak aspek yang ada dukkha? || tiga", {"qas": [{"question": "What does the first of the Four Noble Truths explain?", "id": "56d0a458234ae51400d9c3ee", "answers": [{"text": "the nature of dukkha", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Dukkha?", "id": "56d0a458234ae51400d9c3ef", "answers": [{"text": "\"suffering\", \"anxiety\", \"unsatisfactoriness\", \"unease\", etc.", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the first truth cover?", "id": "56d131e817492d1400aabbe6", "answers": [{"text": "Dukkha", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another word for Dukkha?", "id": "56d131e817492d1400aabbe7", "answers": [{"text": "suffering", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another nature of Dukkha?", "id": "56d131e817492d1400aabbe8", "answers": [{"text": "anxiety", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many aspects are there to Dukkha?", "id": "56d131e817492d1400aabbe9", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dukkha can be translated as what word in regards to unhappiness?", "id": "56d131e817492d1400aabbea", "answers": [{"text": "unsatisfactoriness", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness, and unease is the translation of what word?", "id": "56d1d169e7d4791d00902235", "answers": [{"text": "Dukkha", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many aspects does dukkha have?", "id": "56d1d169e7d4791d00902236", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first truth explains the nature of dukkha. Dukkha is commonly translated as \"suffering\", \"anxiety\", \"unsatisfactoriness\", \"unease\", etc., and it is said to have the following three aspects:"}], ["Menurut Buddhisme Asia Timur dan Tibet, terdapat sebuah negara perantaraan (Tibet \"bardo\") antara satu kehidupan dan seterusnya. Kedudukan Theravada ortodoks menolak ini; Walau bagaimanapun ada petikan dalam Samyutta Nikaya dari Canon Pali yang seolah-olah memberi sokongan kepada idea bahawa Buddha mengajar tentang tahap perantaraan antara satu kehidupan dengan yang berikutnya. [halaman diperlukan] <> Terdapat keadaan peralihan antara satu kehidupan dan seterusnya mengikut cabang-cabang agama Buddha? || Asia Timur dan Tibet <> Apa cawangan agama Buddha menolak bahawa terdapat keadaan peralihan antara kehidupan? || Theravada <> Terangkan dalam apa pengajaran yang menyokong idea bahawa Sang Buddha mengajar tentang tahap antara kehidupan? || Samyutta Nikaya dari Canon Pali <> Apakah negeri itu dipanggil antara kehidupan? || bardo <> Bahagian utama Buddha yang menolak bardo? || Theravada <> Buku apa yang membincangkan bardo? || Samyutta Nikaya <> Selain Buddhisme Tibet, apa agama Buddha yang lain menyokong bardo? || Asia Timur <> Ada satu keadaan pertengahan antara satu kehidupan dan yang berikutnya mengikut apa Buddism? || Asia Timur dan Tibet <> Jenis Theravada apa yang menolak idea negeri pertengahan? || ortodoks <> Beberapa petikan tentang apa yang Canon menyokong idea peringkat perantaraan? || Pali", {"qas": [{"question": "There is a transitional state between one life and the next according to what branches of Buddhism?", "id": "56d0a384234ae51400d9c3e4", "answers": [{"text": "East Asian and Tibetan", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What branch of Buddhism rejects that there is a transitional state between lives?", "id": "56d0a384234ae51400d9c3e5", "answers": [{"text": "Theravada", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Passages in what teaching support the idea that the Buddha taught of a stage between lives?", "id": "56d0a384234ae51400d9c3e6", "answers": [{"text": "Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the state called between lives?", "id": "56d128f817492d1400aabae2", "answers": [{"text": "bardo", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which major part of Buddhism rejects bardo?", "id": "56d128f817492d1400aabae3", "answers": [{"text": "Theravada", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What book discusses bardo?", "id": "56d128f817492d1400aabae4", "answers": [{"text": "Samyutta Nikaya", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Other than Tibetan Buddhism, what other Buddhism supports bardo?", "id": "56d128f817492d1400aabae5", "answers": [{"text": "East Asian", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "There is an intermediate state between one life and the next according to what Buddism?", "id": "56d1d04ce7d4791d0090221b", "answers": [{"text": "East Asian and Tibetan", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of Theravada rejects the intermediate state idea?", "id": "56d1d04ce7d4791d0090221c", "answers": [{"text": "orthodox", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some passages of what Canon support the idea of intermediate stages?", "id": "56d1d04ce7d4791d0090221d", "answers": [{"text": "Pali", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism, there is an intermediate state (Tibetan \"bardo\") between one life and the next. The orthodox Theravada position rejects this; however there are passages in the Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon that seem to lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next.[page needed]"}], ["Kebenaran kedua ialah asal usul dukkha dapat diketahui. Dalam konteks empat kebenaran mulia, asal dukkha biasanya dijelaskan sebagai keinginan (Pali: tanha) yang dikondisikan oleh ketidaktahuan (Pali: avijja). Pada tahap yang lebih mendalam, akar penyebab dukkha dikenalpasti sebagai kejahilan (Pali: avijja) sifat sebenar sesuatu. Kebenaran mulia ketiga adalah bahawa pemberhentian dukkha adalah mungkin, dan kebenaran mulia keempat mengenalpasti jalan menuju pemberhentian ini. [Note 7] <> Apakah yang kedua menjelaskan Kebenaran Empat Noble? || bahawa asal dukkha dapat diketahui <> Apa asal usul dukkha? || keinginan (Pali: tanha) yang dikondisikan oleh kejahilan (Pali: avijja) <> Apa yang ketiga menjelaskan Empat Kebenaran Mulia? || penghapusan lengkap dukkha mungkin <> Apa yang keempat dari Empat Kebenaran Mulia menerangkan? || mengenalpasti jalan menuju pemberhentian ini <> Apa kebenaran kedua? || dukkha boleh diketahui. <> Bagaimana maksud Dukkha dijelaskan? || keinginan <> Apa faktor penyumbang kepada Dukkha? || kejahilan <> Kebenaran kedua adalah? || asal usul dukkha dapat diketahui <> Asal dukkha dijelaskan sebagai keinginan yang dikondisikan oleh apa? || kejahilan <> Sebab utama dukkha dikenal pasti sebagai kejahilan apa? || sifat sebenar perkara <> Kebenaran mulia yang ketiga ialah penghentian lengkap apa yang mungkin? || dukkha", {"qas": [{"question": "What does the second of the Four Noble Truths explain?", "id": "56d0a5bf234ae51400d9c3f2", "answers": [{"text": "that the origin of dukkha can be known", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the origin of dukkha?", "id": "56d0a5bf234ae51400d9c3f3", "answers": [{"text": "craving (Pali: tanha) conditioned by ignorance (Pali: avijja)", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the third of the Four Noble Truths explain?", "id": "56d0a5bf234ae51400d9c3f4", "answers": [{"text": "the complete cessation of dukkha is possible", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the fourth of the Four Noble Truths explain?", "id": "56d0a5bf234ae51400d9c3f5", "answers": [{"text": "identifies a path to this cessation", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the second truth?", "id": "56d1341de7d4791d00901fe1", "answers": [{"text": "dukkha can be known.", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is the meaning of Dukkha explained?", "id": "56d1341de7d4791d00901fe2", "answers": [{"text": "craving", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a contributing factor to Dukkha?", "id": "56d1341de7d4791d00901fe3", "answers": [{"text": "ignorance", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The second truth is?", "id": "56d1d2c4e7d4791d00902243", "answers": [{"text": "the origin of dukkha can be known", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The origin of dukkha is explained as craving conditioned by what?", "id": "56d1d2c4e7d4791d00902244", "answers": [{"text": "ignorance", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The root cause of dukkha is identified as ignorance of what?", "id": "56d1d2c4e7d4791d00902245", "answers": [{"text": "true nature of things", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The third noble truth is that the complete cessation of what is possible?", "id": "56d1d2c4e7d4791d00902246", "answers": [{"text": "dukkha", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The second truth is that the origin of dukkha can be known. Within the context of the four noble truths, the origin of dukkha is commonly explained as craving (Pali: tanha) conditioned by ignorance (Pali: avijja). On a deeper level, the root cause of dukkha is identified as ignorance (Pali: avijja) of the true nature of things. The third noble truth is that the complete cessation of dukkha is possible, and the fourth noble truth identifies a path to this cessation.[note 7]"}], ["Di atas dibahagikan lagi ke dalam 31 pesawat kewujudan. [Web 4] Kelahiran kembali di beberapa langit yang lebih tinggi, yang dikenal sebagai Dunia Swadaya atau Abode Murni, hanya dapat dicapai oleh pengamal Buddhis mahir yang dikenal sebagai an\u0101m\u0101mis (bukan pengembara). Kelahiran semula di \u0100r\u016bpyadh\u0101tu (alam yang tidak membentuk) dapat dicapai oleh mereka yang dapat bermeditasi pada ar\u016bpajh\u0101nas, objek meditasi tertinggi. <> Kelahiran kembali ke dunia Sriwijaya atau Abodes Murni hanya dapat dicapai oleh siapa? || Pengamal Buddhis mahir yang dikenali sebagai an\u0101m\u0101mis (bukan pengembara) <> Kelahiran kembali ke alam yang tidak membentuk hanya boleh dicapai oleh siapa? || mereka yang boleh bermeditasi pada ar\u016bpajh\u0101nas, objek meditasi tertinggi <> Berapa banyak pesawat keberadaan di sana? || 31 <> Apa yang dipanggil langit yang lebih tinggi? || Abode tulen <> Apa yang dipanggil umat Buddha mahir? || an\u0101g\u0101mis <> Apa nama lain untuk \u0100r\u016bpyadh\u0101tu? || alam yang tidak berbentuk <> Apakah objek meditasi tertinggi yang dipanggil? || ar\u016bpajh\u0101nas <> Berapa banyak pesawat kewujudan? || 31 <> Praktisi buddhist yang mahir yang boleh sampai ke langit yang lebih tinggi dikenali sebagai apa? || an\u0101g\u0101mis <> Apakah objek meditasi tertinggi? || ar\u016bpajh\u0101nas <> Apa artinya arupyadhatu? || alam yang tidak membentuk", {"qas": [{"question": "Rebirth into the \u015auddh\u0101v\u0101sa Worlds or Pure Abodes can only be attained by who?", "id": "56d0a257234ae51400d9c3e0", "answers": [{"text": "skilled Buddhist practitioners known as an\u0101g\u0101mis (non-returners)", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Rebirth into the formless realms can only be attained by who?", "id": "56d0a257234ae51400d9c3e1", "answers": [{"text": "those who can meditate on the ar\u016bpajh\u0101nas, the highest object of meditation", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many planes of existence are there?", "id": "56d127f317492d1400aabab4", "answers": [{"text": "31", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the higher heavens called?", "id": "56d127f317492d1400aabab5", "answers": [{"text": "Pure Abodes", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are skilled Buddhists called?", "id": "56d127f317492d1400aabab6", "answers": [{"text": "an\u0101g\u0101mis", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for \u0100r\u016bpyadh\u0101tu?", "id": "56d127f317492d1400aabab7", "answers": [{"text": "formless realms", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the highest object of meditation called?", "id": "56d127f317492d1400aabab8", "answers": [{"text": "ar\u016bpajh\u0101nas", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many planes of existence?", "id": "56d1cf79e7d4791d00902207", "answers": [{"text": "31", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Skilled buddhist practictioners that can get to the higher heavens are known as what?", "id": "56d1cf79e7d4791d00902209", "answers": [{"text": "an\u0101g\u0101mis", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the highest object of meditation?", "id": "56d1cf79e7d4791d0090220a", "answers": [{"text": "ar\u016bpajh\u0101nas", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does arupyadhatu mean?", "id": "56d1cf79e7d4791d0090220b", "answers": [{"text": "formless realms", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The above are further subdivided into 31 planes of existence.[web 4] Rebirths in some of the higher heavens, known as the \u015auddh\u0101v\u0101sa Worlds or Pure Abodes, can be attained only by skilled Buddhist practitioners known as an\u0101g\u0101mis (non-returners). Rebirths in the \u0100r\u016bpyadh\u0101tu (formless realms) can be attained by only those who can meditate on the ar\u016bpajh\u0101nas, the highest object of meditation."}], ["Di dalam Buddhisme, samsara ditakrifkan sebagai kelahiran berterusan kelahiran dan kematian yang timbul dari makhluk-makhluk biasa 'menggenggam dan mengatasi diri dan pengalaman. Khususnya, samsara merujuk kepada proses berbasikal melalui satu kelahiran semula selepas satu lagi dalam enam alam kewujudan, [note 2] di mana setiap alam dapat difahami sebagai alam fizikal atau keadaan psikologi yang dicirikan oleh jenis penderitaan tertentu. Samsara timbul daripada avidya (kejahilan) dan dicirikan oleh dukkha (penderitaan, kebimbangan, rasa tidak puas hati). Dalam pandangan Buddha, pembebasan dari samsara mungkin dilakukan dengan mengikuti jalan Buddha. <> Apa itu samsara? || kelahiran berterusan kelahiran dan kematian <> Apakah avidya? || kejahilan <> Apa dukkha? || penderitaan, kegelisahan, ketidakpuasan <> Adakah pembebasan dari samsara mungkin? || Dalam pandangan Buddha, pembebasan dari samsara mungkin dilakukan dengan mengikuti jalan Buddha. <> Siklus kelahiran dan kematian dipanggil apa yang dalam Buddhisme? || Samsara <> Berapa banyak kewujudan alam ada di dalam Buddhisme? || enam <> avidya adalah jenis samsara? || kejahilan <> Bagaimana anda boleh dibebaskan dari samsara? || dengan mengikuti jalan Buddha <> Apa yang dimaksud dengan samsara? || kitaran berulang yang berterusan kelahiran dan kematian <> Berapa banyak rentang keberadaan dalam kitaran kelahiran semula? || Enam <> Alam dapat difahami sebagai alam fizikal dari apa jenis negara? || psikologi <> Samsara disebabkan oleh apa? || avidya <> Seseorang boleh keluar dari samsara dengan melakukan apa? || mengikuti jalan Buddha", {"qas": [{"question": "What is samsara?", "id": "56d08d0a234ae51400d9c37c", "answers": [{"text": "the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is avidya?", "id": "56d08d0a234ae51400d9c37d", "answers": [{"text": "ignorance", "answer_start": 462}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is dukkha?", "id": "56d08d0a234ae51400d9c37e", "answers": [{"text": "suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction", "answer_start": 505}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is liberation from samsara possible?", "id": "56d08d0a234ae51400d9c37f", "answers": [{"text": "In the Buddhist view, liberation from samsara is possible by following the Buddhist path.", "answer_start": 543}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The cycle of birth and death is called what in Buddhism?", "id": "56d120b717492d1400aaba03", "answers": [{"text": "Samsara", "answer_start": 432}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many realms of existence are there in Buddhism?", "id": "56d120b717492d1400aaba04", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "avidya is what kind of samsara?", "id": "56d120b717492d1400aaba06", "answers": [{"text": "ignorance", "answer_start": 462}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How can you be freed from samsara?", "id": "56d120b717492d1400aaba07", "answers": [{"text": "by following the Buddhist path", "answer_start": 601}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is samsara defined as?", "id": "56d1c9c7e7d4791d00902199", "answers": [{"text": "the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many realms of existance are within the cycle of rebirths?", "id": "56d1c9c7e7d4791d0090219a", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Realms can be understood as physical realms of what type of states?", "id": "56d1c9c7e7d4791d0090219b", "answers": [{"text": "psychological", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Samsara is caused by what?", "id": "56d1c9c7e7d4791d0090219c", "answers": [{"text": "avidya", "answer_start": 454}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A person can get away from samsara by doing what?", "id": "56d1c9c7e7d4791d0090219d", "answers": [{"text": "following the Buddhist path", "answer_start": 604}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Within Buddhism, samsara is defined as the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death that arises from ordinary beings' grasping and fixating on a self and experiences. Specifically, samsara refers to the process of cycling through one rebirth after another within the six realms of existence,[note 2] where each realm can be understood as physical realm or a psychological state characterized by a particular type of suffering. Samsara arises out of avidya (ignorance) and is characterized by dukkha (suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction). In the Buddhist view, liberation from samsara is possible by following the Buddhist path."}], ["Kelahiran semula merujuk kepada proses di mana makhluk-makhluk menjalani penggantian hayat sebagai salah satu daripada banyak bentuk hidup yang mungkin, masing-masing berlari dari konsepsi hingga mati. Doktrin anatt\u0101 (Anans Sanskrit) menolak konsep diri kekal atau jiwa yang tidak berubah, yang kekal, seperti yang dipanggil dalam agama Hindu dan Kristian. Menurut Buddhisme di sana akhirnya tidak ada hal seperti diri bebas dari seluruh alam semesta. Budha juga merujuk kepada diri mereka sebagai orang percaya dari doktrin anatta-Nairatmyavadin atau Anattavadin. Kelahiran semula dalam wujud seterusnya harus difahami sebagai kesinambungan proses yang dinamik dan berubah dari prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da (\"ketergantungan yang timbul\") yang ditentukan oleh undang-undang sebab dan akibat (karma) dan bukannya satu makhluk, menyusun semula dari satu kewujudan kepada seterusnya. <> Apakah proses di mana makhluk hidup melalui kitaran hayat seperti banyak bentuk kehidupan yang hidup? || Kelahiran semula <> Doktrin mana yang menafikan konsep diri atau jiwa kekal? || Doktrin anatt\u0101 (Sanskrit an\u0101tman) <> Dalam Buddhisme, kelahiran semula ke dalam kehidupan berturut-turut ditentukan oleh apa? || undang-undang sebab dan akibat <> Kehidupan sentral mengikut Buddhisme berjalan di antara dua mata? || dari konsepsi hingga mati. <> Hukum sebab dan akibat juga boleh dipanggil? || karma <> Apakah nama untuk proses penggantian hayat? || Kelahiran kembali <> Doktrin apa yang menolak idea tentang diri kekal? || anatta <> \"bergantung yang timbul\" adalah maksud perkataan apa? || prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da <> Hinduisme dan Kristian menggunakan istilah apa untuk diri kekal? || jiwa abadi", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the process in which beings go through cycles of lifetimes as many forms of sentient life?", "id": "56d0a1ea234ae51400d9c3da", "answers": [{"text": "Rebirth", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which doctrine denies the concept of a permanent self or soul?", "id": "56d0a1ea234ae51400d9c3db", "answers": [{"text": "The doctrine of anatt\u0101 (Sanskrit an\u0101tman)", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Buddhism, rebirth into consecutive lives is determined by what?", "id": "56d0a1ea234ae51400d9c3dc", "answers": [{"text": "the laws of cause and effect", "answer_start": 708}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Sentient life according to Buddhism runs between what two points?", "id": "56d1271017492d1400aaba9d", "answers": [{"text": "from conception to death.", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The laws of cause and effect can also be called?", "id": "56d1cda5e7d4791d009021ef", "answers": [{"text": "karma", "answer_start": 738}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name for the process of a succession of lifetimes?", "id": "56d1cda5e7d4791d009021f0", "answers": [{"text": "Rebirth", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What doctrine rejects the idea of permanent self?", "id": "56d1cda5e7d4791d009021f1", "answers": [{"text": "anatta", "answer_start": 496}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "\"dependent arising\" is the meaning of what word?", "id": "56d1cda5e7d4791d009021f2", "answers": [{"text": "prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da", "answer_start": 654}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Hinduism and Christianity use what term for a permanent self?", "id": "56d1cda5e7d4791d009021f3", "answers": [{"text": "eternal soul", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Rebirth refers to a process whereby beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life, each running from conception to death. The doctrine of anatt\u0101 (Sanskrit an\u0101tman) rejects the concepts of a permanent self or an unchanging, eternal soul, as it is called in Hinduism and Christianity. According to Buddhism there ultimately is no such thing as a self independent from the rest of the universe. Buddhists also refer to themselves as the believers of the anatta doctrine\u2014Nairatmyavadin or Anattavadin. Rebirth in subsequent existences must be understood as the continuation of a dynamic, ever-changing process of prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da (\"dependent arising\") determined by the laws of cause and effect (karma) rather than that of one being, reincarnating from one existence to the next."}], ["Dalam Buddhisme, Karma (dari Sanskrit: \"tindakan, kerja\") adalah kekuatan yang mendorong sa\u1e43s\u0101ra-kitaran penderitaan dan kelahiran semula bagi setiap makhluk. Tindakan yang baik dan pandai (Pali: \"kusala\") dan perbuatan yang tidak bijak (Pali: akusala) menghasilkan \"benih\" dalam fikiran yang datang untuk menghasilkan baik dalam kehidupan ini atau dalam kelahiran semula. Penghindaran tindakan yang tidak baik dan penanaman tindakan positif dipanggil s\u012bla. Karma secara khusus merujuk kepada tindakan-tindakan tubuh, ucapan atau pikiran yang musim bunga dari niat mental (cetan\u0101), dan membawa akibat atau buah \"buah\" atau vip\u0101ka \"hasil\". <> Apakah istilah Karma diterjemahkan oleh Sanskerta? || tindakan, kerja <> Apa karma menurut Buddhisme? || kuasa yang mendorong sa\u1e43s\u0101ra <> Apakah tindakan yang tidak baik dan penanaman tindakan positif dipanggil? || s\u012bla <> Tindakan apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh karma dalam Buddhisme? || tindakan badan, ucapan atau minda yang bermigrasi dari niat mental <> Apakah definisi Karma dari bahasa Sanskrit? || tindakan, kerja <> Apakah mengelakkan tindakan jahat yang dipanggil? || Apa tindakan Karma datang dari apa? || cetan\u0101 <> Apa akibatnya dipanggil Karma? || vip\u0101ka <> Apa itu Karma? || daya yang mendorong sa\u1e43s\u0101ra <> Menghindari tindakan yang tidak baik dan menggunakan tindakan positif dipanggil apa? || s\u012bla <> apa maksud vipaka? || hasilnya", {"qas": [{"question": "What does the Sanskrit term Karma translate as?", "id": "56d09f06234ae51400d9c3ca", "answers": [{"text": "action, work", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is karma according to Buddhism?", "id": "56d09f06234ae51400d9c3cb", "answers": [{"text": "the force that drives sa\u1e43s\u0101ra", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is theavoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions called?", "id": "56d09f06234ae51400d9c3cc", "answers": [{"text": "s\u012bla", "answer_start": 404}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What actions does karma refer to in Buddhism?", "id": "56d09f06234ae51400d9c3cd", "answers": [{"text": "actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent", "answer_start": 445}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the definition of Karma from Sanskrit?", "id": "56d1247917492d1400aaba5c", "answers": [{"text": "action, work", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the avoidance of bad acts called?", "id": "56d1247917492d1400aaba5e", "answers": [{"text": "s\u012bla", "answer_start": 404}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Karma's actions come from what?", "id": "56d1247917492d1400aaba5f", "answers": [{"text": "cetan\u0101", "answer_start": 509}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the result of Karma called?", "id": "56d1247917492d1400aaba60", "answers": [{"text": "vip\u0101ka", "answer_start": 568}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Karma?", "id": "56d1caf1e7d4791d009021b9", "answers": [{"text": "the force that drives sa\u1e43s\u0101ra", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Avoidance of unwholesome actions and use of positive actions is called what?", "id": "56d1caf1e7d4791d009021bc", "answers": [{"text": "s\u012bla", "answer_start": 404}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what does vipaka mean?", "id": "56d1caf1e7d4791d009021bd", "answers": [{"text": "result", "answer_start": 576}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Buddhism, Karma (from Sanskrit: \"action, work\") is the force that drives sa\u1e43s\u0101ra\u2014the cycle of suffering and rebirth for each being. Good, skillful deeds (Pali: \"kusala\") and bad, unskillful (P\u0101li: \"akusala\") actions produce \"seeds\" in the mind that come to fruition either in this life or in a subsequent rebirth. The avoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions is called s\u012bla. Karma specifically refers to those actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent (cetan\u0101), and bring about a consequence or phala \"fruit\" or vip\u0101ka \"result\"."}], ["Dalam Buddhisme Theravada tidak boleh ada penyelamatan ilahi atau pengampunan untuk karma seseorang, kerana ia adalah proses yang tidak semata-mata tidak masuk akal yang merupakan bagian dari solek alam semesta. [Rujukan?] Dalam Buddhisme Mahayana, teks-teks sutra Mahayana tertentu (seperti Sutra Lotus, A\u1e45gulim\u0101l\u012bya S\u016btra dan Mah\u0101y\u0101na Mah\u0101parinirv\u0101\u1e47a S\u016btra) mendakwa bahawa pembacaan atau semata-mata pendengaran teks-teks mereka dapat membuang banyak karma negatif. Beberapa bentuk agama Buddha (contohnya, Vajrayana) menganggap pembacaan mantra sebagai cara untuk memotong karma negatif sebelumnya. Guru Tanah Tulen Jepun Genshin mengajarkan bahawa Amit\u0101bha mempunyai kuasa untuk menghancurkan karma yang sebaliknya akan mengikat satu sa sa\u1e43s\u0101ra. <> Di mana cawangan Buddhisme percaya bahawa tidak ada keselamatan ilahi atau pengampunan untuk karma? || Buddhisme Theravada <> Dalam Buddhisme Mahayana, apakah beberapa sutra Mahayana yang dipercayai menghapus karma negatif hanya dengan pendengaran teks-teks? || Lotus Sutra, A\u1e45gulim\u0101l\u012bya S\u016btra dan Mah\u0101y\u0101na Mah\u0101parinirv\u0101\u1e47a S\u016btra <> Pembacaan mantra sebagai cara untuk menghilangkan karma negatif masa lalu adalah sebahagian daripada cabang Buddhisme mana? || Vajrayana <> Menurut Genshin, yang mempunyai kuasa untuk menghancurkan karma? || Amit\u0101bha <> Apakah Buddhisme mengatakan bahawa keselamatan tidak dapat dicapai? || Buddhisme Theravada <> Siapa yang mempunyai kuasa untuk memusnahkan karma yang buruk? || Amit\u0101bha <> Apa jenis sutra adalah Sutra Lotus? || Mahayana <> Beberapa mantra digunakan untuk memotong apa jenis karma? || negatif <> Siapa guru Tanah Tulen Jepun? || Genshin <> Menurut Genshin, apa yang ada kuasa untuk memusnahkan karma? || Amit\u0101bha", {"qas": [{"question": "In which branch of Buddhism is it believed that there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for karma?", "id": "56d0a077234ae51400d9c3d2", "answers": [{"text": "Theravada Buddhism", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Mahayana Buddhism, what are some Mahayana sutras that are believed to remove negative karma just by the hearing of the texts?", "id": "56d0a077234ae51400d9c3d3", "answers": [{"text": "the Lotus Sutra, the A\u1e45gulim\u0101l\u012bya S\u016btra and the Mah\u0101y\u0101na Mah\u0101parinirv\u0101\u1e47a S\u016btra", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The reciting of mantras as a means for removing past negative karma is a part of which branch of Buddhism?", "id": "56d0a077234ae51400d9c3d4", "answers": [{"text": "Vajrayana", "answer_start": 483}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to Genshin, who has the power to destroy karma?", "id": "56d0a077234ae51400d9c3d5", "answers": [{"text": "Amit\u0101bha", "answer_start": 633}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Buddhism says that salvation is unattainable?", "id": "56d125a117492d1400aaba7d", "answers": [{"text": "Theravada Buddhism", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has the power to destroy bad karma?", "id": "56d125a117492d1400aaba81", "answers": [{"text": "Amit\u0101bha", "answer_start": 633}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of sutra is the Lotus Sutra?", "id": "56d1cc5ae7d4791d009021cc", "answers": [{"text": "Mahayana", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some mantras are used for cutting off what type of karma?", "id": "56d1cc5ae7d4791d009021cd", "answers": [{"text": "negative", "answer_start": 430}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Japanese Pure Land teacher?", "id": "56d1cc5ae7d4791d009021ce", "answers": [{"text": "Genshin", "answer_start": 613}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to Genshin, whats has the power to destroy karma?", "id": "56d1cc5ae7d4791d009021cf", "answers": [{"text": "Amit\u0101bha", "answer_start": 633}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Theravada Buddhism there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma, since it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe.[citation needed] In Mahayana Buddhism, the texts of certain Mahayana sutras (such as the Lotus Sutra, the A\u1e45gulim\u0101l\u012bya S\u016btra and the Mah\u0101y\u0101na Mah\u0101parinirv\u0101\u1e47a S\u016btra) claim that the recitation or merely the hearing of their texts can expunge great swathes of negative karma. Some forms of Buddhism (for example, Vajrayana) regard the recitation of mantras as a means for cutting off of previous negative karma. The Japanese Pure Land teacher Genshin taught that Amit\u0101bha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sa\u1e43s\u0101ra."}], ["Gautama kini bertekad untuk menyelesaikan pencarian spiritualnya. Pada usia 35, beliau terkenal duduk di meditasi di bawah pokok Ficus religiosa yang kini dikenali sebagai Pohon Bodhi di kota Bodh Gaya dan bersumpah tidak akan bangkit sebelum mencapai pencerahan. Selepas bertahun-tahun, dia akhirnya memusnahkan sentuhan pikirannya, dengan itu membebaskan dirinya dari kitaran penderitaan dan kelahiran semula, dan muncul sebagai makhluk yang penuh pencerahan (Skt. Samyaksa\u1e43buddha). Tidak lama selepas itu, dia menarik pengikutnya dan memulakan perintah biarawan. Sekarang, sebagai Buddha, dia menghabiskan sepanjang hayatnya mengajar jalan kebangkitan yang telah ditemuinya, perjalanan di seluruh bahagian timur laut benua India, dan meninggal pada usia 80 (483 SM) di Kushinagar, India. Cabang selatan pohon ara asli yang hanya terdapat di Anuradhapura Sri Lanka dikenali sebagai Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi. <> Berapa umur Gautama ketika dia duduk di bawah Pohon Bodhi? || 35 <> Pokok apa pokok Bodhi? || Ficus religiosa <> Apa yang Gautama menghabiskan sepanjang hidupnya setelah mencapai pencerahan? || dia menghabiskan sepanjang hayatnya mengajar jalan kebangkitan yang dia telah jumpa <> Berapa lama Buddha pada masa kematiannya? || 80 <> Apa cabang selatan pokok Gautama duduk di bawah dipanggil? || Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi <> Apa pohon yang dipanggilnya? || Ficus religiosa <> Apa pokoknya dinamakan semula Gautama mencapai pencerahan? || Pohon Bodhi <> Pada usia berapa Gautama berlaku? || 80 <> Ketika dia berusia 35 tahun Gautama duduk di meditasi di bawah pohon apa? || Pohon Bodhi <> Pokok apa jenis Pokok Bodhi? || Ficus religiosa <> Bandar apakah Pokok Bodhi? || Bodh Gaya <> Cawangan selatan pokok ara yang asal dikenali sebagai? || Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi", {"qas": [{"question": "How old was Gautama when he sat under the Bodhi Tree?", "id": "56d08c3c234ae51400d9c372", "answers": [{"text": "35", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of tree was the Bodhi Tree?", "id": "56d08c3c234ae51400d9c373", "answers": [{"text": "Ficus religiosa", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Gautama spend the rest of his life doing after reaching enlightenment?", "id": "56d08c3c234ae51400d9c374", "answers": [{"text": "he spent the rest of his life teaching the path of awakening he had discovered", "answer_start": 539}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old was the Buddha at the time of his death?", "id": "56d08c3c234ae51400d9c375", "answers": [{"text": "80", "answer_start": 713}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the south branch of the tree Gautama sat under called?", "id": "56d08c3c234ae51400d9c376", "answers": [{"text": "Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi", "answer_start": 843}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the tree called he sat under?", "id": "56d1221517492d1400aaba32", "answers": [{"text": "Ficus religiosa", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the tree renamed that Gautama achieved enlightenment under?", "id": "56d1221517492d1400aaba33", "answers": [{"text": "Bodhi Tree", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what age did Gautama come to pass?", "id": "56d1221517492d1400aaba35", "answers": [{"text": "80", "answer_start": 713}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When he was 35 Gautama sat in meditation under what tree?", "id": "56d1c8b3e7d4791d00902187", "answers": [{"text": "Bodhi Tree", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of tree was the Bodhi Tree?", "id": "56d1c8b3e7d4791d00902188", "answers": [{"text": "Ficus religiosa", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What town was the Bodhi Tree in?", "id": "56d1c8b3e7d4791d00902189", "answers": [{"text": "Bodh Gaya", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The south branch of the original fig tree is known as?", "id": "56d1c8b3e7d4791d0090218a", "answers": [{"text": "Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi", "answer_start": 843}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Gautama was now determined to complete his spiritual quest. At the age of 35, he famously sat in meditation under a Ficus religiosa tree now called the Bodhi Tree in the town of Bodh Gaya and vowed not to rise before achieving enlightenment. After many days, he finally destroyed the fetters of his mind, thereby liberating himself from the cycle of suffering and rebirth, and arose as a fully enlightened being (Skt. samyaksa\u1e43buddha). Soon thereafter, he attracted a band of followers and instituted a monastic order. Now, as the Buddha, he spent the rest of his life teaching the path of awakening he had discovered, traveling throughout the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, and died at the age of 80 (483 BCE) in Kushinagar, India. The south branch of the original fig tree available only in Anuradhapura Sri Lanka is known as Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi."}], ["Prinsip panduan penting dalam praktik Buddha adalah Jalan Tengah (atau Middle Path), yang dikatakan telah ditemui oleh Gautama Buddha sebelum pencerahannya. Jalan Tengah mempunyai beberapa takrifan: <> Bilakah Gautama Buddha menemui Jalan Tengah? || sebelum pencerahannya <> Satu prasyarat utama yang penting dalam amalan Buddhis adalah apa? || Jalan Tengah <> Guatama menemukan jalan tengah sebelum dia? || pencerahan", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Gautama Buddha discover the Middle Way?", "id": "56d0a9c3234ae51400d9c40e", "answers": [{"text": "prior to his enlightenment", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "An important guiding priciple of Buddhist practice is what?", "id": "56d1d643e7d4791d00902289", "answers": [{"text": "the Middle Way", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Guatama discovered the middle path before his what?", "id": "56d1d643e7d4791d0090228a", "answers": [{"text": "enlightenment", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "An important guiding principle of Buddhist practice is the Middle Way (or Middle Path), which is said to have been discovered by Gautama Buddha prior to his enlightenment. The Middle Way has several definitions:"}], ["Para sarjana Buddha telah menghasilkan beberapa teori intelektual, falsafah dan konsep pandangan dunia (lihat, sebagai contoh, Abhidharma, falsafah Buddha dan Realiti dalam Buddhisme). Sesetengah sekolah agama Buddha tidak menggalakkan kajian doktrin, dan beberapa menganggapnya sebagai amalan penting. <> Apakah beberapa teori dan falsafah yang dihasilkan oleh sarjana Buddha? || Abhidharma, falsafah Buddha dan Reality dalam Buddhisme <> Adakah Buddhisme menggalakkan atau menghalang pengajaran doktrin? || Sesetengah sekolah agama Buddha tidak menggalakkan kajian doktrin, dan beberapa menganggapnya sebagai amalan penting. <> Siapa yang telah menghasilkan beberapa teori dan konsep seperti Abhidharma dan Reality dalam Buddhisme? || Para ulama Buddha <> Beberapa sekolah dalam Buddhisme tidak menggalakkan jenis pengajaran? || doktrin", {"qas": [{"question": "What are some of the theories and philosophies produced by Buddhist scholars?", "id": "56d0aa5a234ae51400d9c410", "answers": [{"text": "Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does Buddhism encourage or discourage doctrinal studies?", "id": "56d0aa5a234ae51400d9c411", "answers": [{"text": "Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice.", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has produced a number of theories and concepts such as Abhidharma and Reality in Buddhism?", "id": "56d1d6fae7d4791d0090228d", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhist scholars", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some schools within Buddhism discourage what type of study?", "id": "56d1d6fae7d4791d0090228e", "answers": [{"text": "doctrinal", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Buddhist scholars have produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts (see, for example, Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism). Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice."}], ["Ajahn Sucitto menggambarkan jalannya sebagai \"mandala faktor yang saling berkaitan yang menyokong dan menyederhanakan antara satu sama lain.\" Lapan faktor laluan tidak dapat difahami sebagai peringkat, di mana setiap peringkat selesai sebelum bergerak ke seterusnya. Sebaliknya, mereka difahami sebagai lapan dimensi penting dalam tingkah laku, mental, lisan, dan tubuh seseorang - yang beroperasi di antara satu sama lain; diambil bersama, mereka menentukan jalan lengkap, atau cara hidup. <> Siapa yang menggambarkan Laluan Delapan Delapan sebagai \"mandala faktor yang saling berkaitan yang menyokong dan saling menengah.\" || Ajahn Sucitto <> Bagaimana lapan faktor Laluan Delapan Lapan untuk difahami? || sebagai lapan dimensi penting tingkah laku seseorang <> Apa yang boleh dibahagikan kepada tingkah laku seseorang? || mental, bercakap, dan badan <> Siapa yang menerangkan jalan sebagai \"mandala faktor yang saling berkaitan yang menyokong dan saling menengah\"? || Ajahn Sucitto", {"qas": [{"question": "Who describes the Noble Eightfold Path as \"a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other.\"?", "id": "56d0a894234ae51400d9c400", "answers": [{"text": "Ajahn Sucitto", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are the eight factors of the Noble Eightfold Path to be understood?", "id": "56d0a895234ae51400d9c401", "answers": [{"text": "as eight significant dimensions of one's behaviour", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can one's behaviour be divided into?", "id": "56d1d4cce7d4791d00902270", "answers": [{"text": "mental, spoken, and bodily", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who describes the path as \"a mandala of interconnected factor that support and moderate each other\"?", "id": "56d1d4cce7d4791d00902271", "answers": [{"text": "Ajahn Sucitto", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Ajahn Sucitto describes the path as \"a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other.\" The eight factors of the path are not to be understood as stages, in which each stage is completed before moving on to the next. Rather, they are understood as eight significant dimensions of one's behaviour\u2014mental, spoken, and bodily\u2014that operate in dependence on one another; taken together, they define a complete path, or way of living."}], ["Konsep pembebasan (nirv\u0101\u1e47a) - matlamat jalan Buddhis-berkait rapat dengan mengatasi kejahilan (avidy\u0101), salah faham asas atau salah persepsi tentang sifat realiti. Dalam menghidupkan sifat sebenar diri dan semua fenomena, seseorang mengembangkan ketidaksukaan untuk objek yang berpegang teguh, dan dibebaskan dari penderitaan (dukkha) dan kelahiran kelahiran semula (sa\u1e43s\u0101ra). Untuk tujuan ini, Buddha mencadangkan melihat perkara-perkara yang dicirikan oleh tiga tanda kewujudan. <> Apakah matlamat laluan Buddhis? || pembebasan <> Apabila terbangun kepada sifat sebenar diri, apa yang dibebaskan? || penderitaan (dukkha) dan kitar semula kelahiran semula (sa\u1e43s\u0101ra) <> Pembebasan tahu seperti apa? || nirv\u0101na <> Apakah matlamat jalan buddhist? || nirv\u0101\u1e47a <> Dalam membangkitkan sifat sebenar diri, seseorang tidak lagi peduli dengan apa? || objek <> Buddha disarankan melihat perkara dengan berapa banyak tanda kewujudan? || tiga", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the goal of the Buddhist path?", "id": "56d0ac6c234ae51400d9c414", "answers": [{"text": "liberation", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Upon awakening to the true nature of the self, what is one is liberated from?", "id": "56d0ac6c234ae51400d9c415", "answers": [{"text": "suffering (dukkha) and the cycle of incessant rebirths (sa\u1e43s\u0101ra)", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Liberation is know as what?", "id": "56d1d7cbe7d4791d00902291", "answers": [{"text": "nirv\u0101\u1e47a", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the goal of the buddhist path?", "id": "56d1d7cbe7d4791d00902292", "answers": [{"text": "nirv\u0101\u1e47a", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In awakening to the true nature of the self, one no longer care about what?", "id": "56d1d7cbe7d4791d00902293", "answers": [{"text": "objects", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Buddha recommended viewing thing by how many marks of existence?", "id": "56d1d7cbe7d4791d00902294", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The concept of liberation (nirv\u0101\u1e47a)\u2014the goal of the Buddhist path\u2014is closely related to overcoming ignorance (avidy\u0101), a fundamental misunderstanding or mis-perception of the nature of reality. In awakening to the true nature of the self and all phenomena one develops dispassion for the objects of clinging, and is liberated from suffering (dukkha) and the cycle of incessant rebirths (sa\u1e43s\u0101ra). To this end, the Buddha recommended viewing things as characterized by the three marks of existence."}], ["Doktrin prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamupp\u0101da; Tibet Wylie: rten cing 'barong' byung ba; Cina: \u7de3\u8d77) adalah bahagian penting dari metafizik Buddha. Ia menyatakan bahawa fenomena timbul bersama dalam web sebab dan akibat saling bergantung. Ia banyak diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggeris sebagai \"ketergantungan bergantung\", \"genesis yang dikondisikan\", \"hubungan bergantung\", \"bergantung bersama\", \"timbul saling bergantung\", atau \"kontingensi\". <> Apakah nama doktrin Buddha yang menyatakan bahawa fenomena timbul bersama dalam web sebab dan akibat yang saling bersandar? || prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamupp\u0101da; Tibet Wylie: rten cing 'barel' byung ba; Bahasa Cina: \u7de3\u8d77) <> Diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggeris, apa maksud prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da? || \"keturunan yang bergantung\", \"genesis yang dikondisikan\", \"hubungan bergantung\", \"ketergantungan bersandar\", \"timbul yang saling bergantung\", atau \"kontingensi\" <> Doktrin pratityasumatupada adalah bahagian penting dari jenis metafizik? || Buddha", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the Buddhist doctrine that states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect?", "id": "56d0bc53234ae51400d9c42c", "answers": [{"text": "prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamupp\u0101da; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: \u7de3\u8d77)", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Translated into English, what does prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da mean?", "id": "56d0bc53234ae51400d9c42d", "answers": [{"text": "\"dependent origination\", \"conditioned genesis\", \"dependent relationship\", \"dependent co-arising\", \"interdependent arising\", or \"contingency\"", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The doctrine of pratityasumatupada is a important part of what type of metaphysics?", "id": "56d1e7abe7d4791d00902407", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhist", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The doctrine of prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamupp\u0101da; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: \u7de3\u8d77) is an important part of Buddhist metaphysics. It states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect. It is variously rendered into English as \"dependent origination\", \"conditioned genesis\", \"dependent relationship\", \"dependent co-arising\", \"interdependent arising\", or \"contingency\"."}], ["The Noble Eightfold Path - keempat Kebenaran Mulia Buddha-terdiri daripada satu set lapan faktor atau keadaan yang saling berkaitan, yang apabila dikembangkan bersama, membawa kepada pemberhentian dukkha. Ketiga-tiga faktor ini adalah: Paparan Hak (atau Pengertian Kanan), Niat Kanan (atau Pemikiran Kanan), Ucapan Hak, Tindakan Kanan, Penghidupan Yang Benar, Usaha Kanan, Kesedaran Kanan, dan Kepekatan Benar. <> Apakah keempat dari Empat Kebenaran Mulia Buddha? || Jalan Mulia Lapan <> Apa maksud Jalur Lapan Delapan? || membawa kepada pemberhentian dukkha <> Apakah lapan faktor Laluan Noble Delapan? || Pandangan Kanan (atau Pengertian Kanan), Niat Kanan (atau Pemikiran Kanan), Ucapan Kanan, Tindakan Kanan, Kesejahteraan Yang Benar, Usaha Kanan, Kesedaran Kanan, dan Kepekatan yang Benar <> Jalan Mulia Lapan adalah salah satu Kebenaran Buddha? || keempat <> Kebenaran keempat mengandungi berapa faktor? || Lapan <> Apakah matlamat akhir Kebenaran Keempat? || pemberhentian dukkha <> Apa salah satu daripada lapan faktor? || Tindakan Kanan <> Jalan Mulia Lapan yang Mulia adalah Kebenaran Mulia? || yang keempat <> Jalan Lapan yang mulia adalah satu set berapa banyak faktor yang tidak dapat disambungkan? || lapan <> Apabila lapan faktor dibangunkan bersama, akan membawa kepada pemberhentian apa? || dukkha", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the fourth of the Buddha's Four Noble Truths?", "id": "56d0a745234ae51400d9c3fa", "answers": [{"text": "The Noble Eightfold Path", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the purpose of the Noble Eightfold Path?", "id": "56d0a745234ae51400d9c3fb", "answers": [{"text": "lead to the cessation of dukkha", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the eight factors of the Noble Eightfold Path?", "id": "56d0a745234ae51400d9c3fc", "answers": [{"text": "Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Noble Eightfold Path is which of Buddha's Truths?", "id": "56d1358ee7d4791d00902007", "answers": [{"text": "the fourth", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The fourth truth consists of how many factors?", "id": "56d1358ee7d4791d00902008", "answers": [{"text": "Eight", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the end goal of the Fourth Truth?", "id": "56d1358ee7d4791d00902009", "answers": [{"text": "the cessation of dukkha", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one of the eight factors?", "id": "56d1358ee7d4791d0090200a", "answers": [{"text": "Right Action", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Noble Eightfold Path is which Noble Truth?", "id": "56d1d3e4e7d4791d0090225b", "answers": [{"text": "the fourth", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The noble Eightfold path is a set of how many inerconnected factors?", "id": "56d1d3e4e7d4791d0090225c", "answers": [{"text": "eight", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When the eight factors are developed together, is leads to the cessation of what?", "id": "56d1d3e4e7d4791d0090225d", "answers": [{"text": "dukkha", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Noble Eightfold Path\u2014the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths\u2014consists of a set of eight interconnected factors or conditions, that when developed together, lead to the cessation of dukkha. These eight factors are: Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration."}], ["Bukan diri (P\u0101li: anatta; Sanskrit: an\u0101tman) adalah tanda kewujudan ketiga. Setelah pemeriksaan yang teliti, seseorang mendapati bahawa tiada fenomena yang benar-benar \"Saya\" atau \"saya\"; konsep-konsep ini sebenarnya dibina oleh minda. Dalam Nikaya anatta tidak dimaksudkan sebagai pernyataan metafizik, tetapi sebagai pendekatan untuk mendapatkan pembebasan dari penderitaan. Malah, Buddha menolak kedua-dua pernyataan metafizikal \"Saya mempunyai Diri\" dan \"Saya tidak mempunyai Diri\" seperti pandangan ontologi yang mengikat satu kepada penderitaan. [Nota 9] Apabila ditanya sama ada diri itu sama dengan tubuh, Buddha enggan menjawab. Dengan menganalisis konstituen fizikal dan mental (skandhas) yang sentiasa berubah dari seseorang atau objek, pengamal membuat kesimpulan bahawa kedua-dua bahagian atau orang itu secara keseluruhannya terdiri daripada diri sendiri. <> Apa tanda kewujudan ketiga dalam Buddhisme? || <Buddha tidak menolak pernyataan metafizik \"Saya mempunyai Diri\" dan \"Saya tidak mempunyai Diri\" sebagai pandangan yang mengikat satu dengan apa? || penderitaan <> Apa jawapan yang diberikan ketika Buddha ditanya apakah tubuh itu sama dengan diri sendiri? || Buddha enggan menjawab <> Apakah kesimpulan yang datang kepada seseorang apabila menganalisis komponen atau fizikal dan mental yang berubah atau orang atau benda? || tidak bahagian masing-masing atau orang secara keseluruhan merangkumi diri <> Apakah tanda kewujudan ke-3? || Tidak-diri <> Dalam bentuk apakah anatta tidak dimaksudkan sebagai pernyataan metafizik? || Nikayas <> Buddha menolak pernyataan \"Saya mempunyai Diri\" dan apa pernyataan lain yang berkaitan? || \"Saya tidak mempunyai Diri\" <> Apakah istilah untuk sentiasa menukar bahagian fizikal dan mental? || skandhas", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the third mark of existence in Buddhism?", "id": "56d0bb66234ae51400d9c424", "answers": [{"text": "Not-self (P\u0101li: anatta; Sanskrit: an\u0101tman)", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Buddha rejected the metaphysical assertions \"I have a Self\" and \"I have no Self\" as views that bind one to what?", "id": "56d0bb66234ae51400d9c425", "answers": [{"text": "suffering", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the answer given when the Buddha was asked if the body is the same as the self?", "id": "56d0bb66234ae51400d9c426", "answers": [{"text": "the Buddha refused to answer", "answer_start": 537}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the conclusion that one comes to when analyzing the changing physical and mental components or  person or thing?", "id": "56d0bb66234ae51400d9c427", "answers": [{"text": "neither the respective parts nor the person as a whole comprise a self", "answer_start": 717}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the 3rd mark of existence?", "id": "56d1e4f7e7d4791d00902391", "answers": [{"text": "Not-self", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what form is anatta not meant as a metaphysical assertion?", "id": "56d1e4f7e7d4791d00902392", "answers": [{"text": "Nikayas", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Buddha rejected the assertion \"I have a Self\" and what other related assertion?", "id": "56d1e4f7e7d4791d00902393", "answers": [{"text": "\"I have no Self\"", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term for constantly changing physical and mental parts?", "id": "56d1e4f7e7d4791d00902394", "answers": [{"text": "skandhas", "answer_start": 638}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Not-self (P\u0101li: anatta; Sanskrit: an\u0101tman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really \"I\" or \"mine\"; these concepts are in fact constructed by the mind. In the Nikayas anatta is not meant as a metaphysical assertion, but as an approach for gaining release from suffering. In fact, the Buddha rejected both of the metaphysical assertions \"I have a Self\" and \"I have no Self\" as ontological views that bind one to suffering.[note 9] When asked if the self was identical with the body, the Buddha refused to answer. By analyzing the constantly changing physical and mental constituents (skandhas) of a person or object, the practitioner comes to the conclusion that neither the respective parts nor the person as a whole comprise a self."}], ["Penderitaan (P\u0101li: \u0926\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0916 dukkha; Sanskrit \u0926\u0941\u0903\u0916 du\u1e25kha) juga merupakan konsep utama dalam Buddhisme. Perkataan itu sepadan dengan beberapa istilah dalam bahasa Inggeris termasuk penderitaan, kesakitan, ketidakpuasan, kesedihan, penderitaan, kecemasan, ketidakpuasan, ketidakselesaan, penderitaan, tekanan, penderitaan, dan kekecewaan. Walaupun istilah ini sering diterjemahkan sebagai \"penderitaan\", makna filosofisnya lebih mirip dengan \"kecewa\" seperti dalam keadaan terganggu. Oleh itu, \"penderitaan\" adalah terlalu sempit terjemahan dengan \"konotasi emosi negatif\" [web 9] yang dapat memberi gambaran bahawa pandangan Buddha adalah pesimis, tetapi Buddhisme berusaha untuk menjadi tidak pesimis atau optimis, tetapi realistik. Dalam kesusasteraan Buddha bahasa Inggeris yang diterjemahkan dari Pali, \"dukkha\" sering kali tidak diterjemahkan, untuk merangkumi pelbagai makna. [Nota 8] <> Istilah dukkha sesuai dengan istilah bahasa Inggeris? || penderitaan, kesakitan, ketidakpuasan, kesedihan, penderitaan, kecemasan, rasa tidak puas hati, ketidakselesaan, penderitaan, tekanan, kesengsaraan, dan kekecewaan <> Dukkha sering diterjemahkan sebagai penderitaan, tetapi makna filosofis dukkha lebih dekat dengan istilah apa? || mengganggu <> Buddhisme berusaha tidak menjadi pesimis atau optimis, tetapi apa? || realistik <> Penderitaan adalah konsep utama dalam apa? || Buddhisme <> Makna filosofis penderitaan adalah hampir apa istilahnya? || kecewa <> Keadaan terganggu adalah apa? || mengganggu <> Dalam terjemahan istilah apa yang sering dibiarkan tidak diterjemahkan untuk mengekalkan definisi yang lebih lengkap? || dukkha", {"qas": [{"question": "The term dukkha corresponds to what English terms?", "id": "56d0b98f234ae51400d9c41e", "answers": [{"text": "suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dukkha is often translated as suffering, but the philosophical meaning of dukkha of more closely related to what term?", "id": "56d0b98f234ae51400d9c41f", "answers": [{"text": "disquietude", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Buddhism seeks to be neither pessimistic or optimistic, but what?", "id": "56d0b98f234ae51400d9c420", "answers": [{"text": "realistic", "answer_start": 683}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Suffering is a central concept in what?", "id": "56d1e3efe7d4791d00902343", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhism", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The philosophical meaning of suffering is close what term?", "id": "56d1e3efe7d4791d00902344", "answers": [{"text": "disquietude", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The condition of being disturbed is what?", "id": "56d1e3efe7d4791d00902345", "answers": [{"text": "disquietude", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In translation what term is often left untranslated to keep of fuller definition?", "id": "56d1e3efe7d4791d00902346", "answers": [{"text": "dukkha", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Suffering (P\u0101li: \u0926\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0916 dukkha; Sanskrit \u0926\u0941\u0903\u0916 du\u1e25kha) is also a central concept in Buddhism. The word roughly corresponds to a number of terms in English including suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration. Although the term is often translated as \"suffering\", its philosophical meaning is more analogous to \"disquietude\" as in the condition of being disturbed. As such, \"suffering\" is too narrow a translation with \"negative emotional connotations\"[web 9] that can give the impression that the Buddhist view is pessimistic, but Buddhism seeks to be neither pessimistic nor optimistic, but realistic. In English-language Buddhist literature translated from P\u0101li, \"dukkha\" is often left untranslated, so as to encompass its full range of meaning.[note 8]"}], ["Kekurangan (P\u0101li: anicca) mengungkapkan tanggapan Buddha bahawa semua fenomena terkumpul atau terkondisi (semua perkara dan pengalaman) adalah tidak stabil, tidak stabil, dan tidak kekal. Semua yang kita alami melalui deria kami terdiri daripada bahagian, dan kewujudannya bergantung kepada keadaan luaran. Segala-galanya ada dalam fluks yang berterusan, dan begitu keadaan dan perkara itu sendiri sentiasa berubah. Perkara sentiasa wujud, dan tidak lagi menjadi. Oleh kerana tiada yang berlanjutan, tidak ada sifat yang wujud atau tetap untuk sebarang objek atau pengalaman. Mengikut doktrin ketidaksempurnaan, kehidupan merangkumi aliran ini dalam proses penuaan, kitaran kelahiran semula (sa\u1e43s\u0101ra), dan dalam pengalaman kehilangan. Doktrin menegaskan bahawa kerana perkara-perkara tidak kekal, lampiran kepada mereka adalah sia-sia dan membawa kepada penderitaan (dukkha). <> Apakah makna ketidaksuburan dalam agama Buddha? || semua fenomena terkumpul atau terkondisi (semua perkara dan pengalaman) adalah tidak stabil, tidak mantap, dan tidak kekal <> Menurut doktrin Buddha tentang ketidaksuburan, bagaimana kehidupan mengekspresikan ketidaksuburan? || dalam proses penuaan, kitaran kelahiran semula (sa\u1e43s\u0101ra), dan dalam mana-mana pengalaman kehilangan <> Mengapa lampiran terhadap perkara sia-sia? || kerana perkara-perkara tidak kekal <> Apakah dalam fluks yang berterusan? || Segala-galanya <> Semuanya terus wujud dan apa? || berhenti menjadi <> kitaran kelahiran semula juga dipanggil apa? || sa\u1e43s\u0101ra <> Menurut doktrin, kerana semua perkara tidak berlangsung, lampiran boleh menyebabkan apa? || penderitaan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the meaning of impermanence in Buddhism?", "id": "56d0b63c234ae51400d9c418", "answers": [{"text": "all compounded or conditioned phenomena (all things and experiences) are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to the Buddhist doctrine of impermanence, how does life express impermanence?", "id": "56d0b63c234ae51400d9c419", "answers": [{"text": "in the aging process, the cycle of rebirth (sa\u1e43s\u0101ra), and in any experience of loss", "answer_start": 609}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why is attachment to things futile?", "id": "56d0b63c234ae51400d9c41a", "answers": [{"text": "because things are impermanent", "answer_start": 720}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is in a constant flux?", "id": "56d1e224e7d4791d0090233a", "answers": [{"text": "Everything", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Everything is continuously coming into being and what?", "id": "56d1e224e7d4791d0090233b", "answers": [{"text": "ceasing to be", "answer_start": 440}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The cycle of rebirth is also called what?", "id": "56d1e224e7d4791d0090233c", "answers": [{"text": "sa\u1e43s\u0101ra", "answer_start": 653}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to doctrine, because all thing don't last, attachment can lead to what?", "id": "56d1e224e7d4791d0090233d", "answers": [{"text": "suffering", "answer_start": 794}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Impermanence (P\u0101li: anicca) expresses the Buddhist notion that all compounded or conditioned phenomena (all things and experiences) are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent. Everything we can experience through our senses is made up of parts, and its existence is dependent on external conditions. Everything is in constant flux, and so conditions and the thing itself are constantly changing. Things are constantly coming into being, and ceasing to be. Since nothing lasts, there is no inherent or fixed nature to any object or experience. According to the doctrine of impermanence, life embodies this flux in the aging process, the cycle of rebirth (sa\u1e43s\u0101ra), and in any experience of loss. The doctrine asserts that because things are impermanent, attachment to them is futile and leads to suffering (dukkha)."}], ["Semasa dia mencari pencerahan, Gautama menggabungkan amalan yoga gurunya Kalama dengan apa yang kemudiannya dikenali sebagai \"beragam\". [Meragukan - membincangkan] Gautama mencipta manusia baru, tanpa egotisme. Thich Nhat Hanh memanggil \"Empat Imigrasi yang tidak dapat diukur\" cinta, belas kasihan, kegembiraan, dan ketenangan [penuh kutipan diperlukan] juga dikenali sebagai brahmaviharas, tempat tinggal ilahi, atau semata-mata sebagai empat ukuran. [Web 5] Pema Ch\u00f6dr\u00f6n menyebutnya \"empat yang tidak terhad \". Daripada empat, meta atau meditasi kasih sayang mungkin paling terkenal. [Web 5] Empat Immeasurables diajar sebagai satu bentuk meditasi yang menanam \"sikap yang sihat terhadap semua makhluk hidup.\" [Web 6] [web 7] < > Semasa pencariannya untuk pencerahan, Gautama menggabungkan apa ajaran? || amalan yoga gurunya Kalama dengan apa yang kemudiannya dikenali sebagai \"berukur\" <> Apa jenis manusia baru yang dicipta oleh Gautama? || satu tanpa egotisme <> Apakah Four Mind Mental yang dikenali sebagai? || brahmaviharas, tempat tinggal ilahi, atau semata-mata sebagai empat yang tidak dapat diukur <> Apa yang paling terkenal dari keempat-empat ukuran? || meta atau meditasi kasih sayang <> Empat Immeasurables diajar sebagai satu bentuk meditasi yang menanam apa? || sikap yang sihat terhadap semua makhluk <> Gautama menggabungkan amalan yoga guru apa? || Kalama <> Gautama mencipta manusia baru tanpa apa? || egotisme <> Apakah \"empat minda yang tak dapat diukur\"? || cinta, belas kasihan, kegembiraan, dan ketenangan <> yang memanggil empat minda yang tak terukur \"empat yang tidak terbatas\"? || Pema Ch\u00f6dr\u00f6n <> The Four Immeasurables diajar sebagai bentuk apa? || meditasi", {"qas": [{"question": "During his search for enlightenment, Gautama combined what teachings?", "id": "56d0a987234ae51400d9c404", "answers": [{"text": "the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as \"the immeasurables\"", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the new kind of human invented by Gautama?", "id": "56d0a987234ae51400d9c405", "answers": [{"text": "one without egotism", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the Four Immeasurable Minds also known as?", "id": "56d0a987234ae51400d9c406", "answers": [{"text": "brahmaviharas, divine abodes, or simply as four immeasurables", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the best known of the four immeasurables?", "id": "56d0a987234ae51400d9c407", "answers": [{"text": "mett\u0101 or loving-kindness meditation", "answer_start": 521}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Four Immeasurables are taught as a form of meditation that cultivates what?", "id": "56d0a987234ae51400d9c408", "answers": [{"text": "wholesome attitudes towards all sentient beings", "answer_start": 666}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Gautama combined the yoga practice of what teacher?", "id": "56d1d5e8e7d4791d0090227f", "answers": [{"text": "Kalama", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Gautama invented a new kind of human without what?", "id": "56d1d5e8e7d4791d00902280", "answers": [{"text": "egotism", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the \"four Immeasurable minds\"?", "id": "56d1d5e8e7d4791d00902281", "answers": [{"text": "love, compassion, joy, and equanimity", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who calls the four immeasurable minds \"four limitless ones\"?", "id": "56d1d5e8e7d4791d00902282", "answers": [{"text": "Pema Ch\u00f6dr\u00f6n", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Four Immeasurables are taught as a form of what?", "id": "56d1d5e8e7d4791d00902283", "answers": [{"text": "meditation", "answer_start": 546}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "While he searched for enlightenment, Gautama combined the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as \"the immeasurables\".[dubious \u2013 discuss] Gautama thus invented a new kind of human, one without egotism.[dubious \u2013 discuss] What Thich Nhat Hanh calls the \"Four Immeasurable Minds\" of love, compassion, joy, and equanimity[full citation needed] are also known as brahmaviharas, divine abodes, or simply as four immeasurables.[web 5] Pema Ch\u00f6dr\u00f6n calls them the \"four limitless ones\". Of the four, mett\u0101 or loving-kindness meditation is perhaps the best known.[web 5] The Four Immeasurables are taught as a form of meditation that cultivates \"wholesome attitudes towards all sentient beings.\"[web 6][web 7]"}], ["Istilah parinirvana juga ditemui dalam Buddhisme, dan ini secara umumnya merujuk kepada nirvana lengkap yang dicapai oleh arah arah pada saat kematian, ketika tubuh fisikal berakhir. <> Istilah apa yang digunakan untuk nirvana lengkap yang dicapai oleh arahant pada kematian? || parinirvana", {"qas": [{"question": "What term is used for the complete nirvana attained by the arahant at death?", "id": "56d1eeece7d4791d00902597", "answers": [{"text": "parinirvana", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The term parinirvana is also encountered in Buddhism, and this generally refers to the complete nirvana attained by the arahant at the moment of death, when the physical body expires."}], ["The Twelve Nid\u0101nas menerangkan hubungan kausal antara ciri-ciri atau keadaan berikutnya kewujudan kitaran, masing-masing yang menimbulkan seterusnya: <> Apa yang menggambarkan hubungan antara keadaan kewujudan kitaran? || The Twelve Nid\u0101nas <> Apa yang menggambarkan hubungan kausal antara syarat-syarat selanjutnya kitaran kitaran? || The Twelve Nid\u0101nas", {"qas": [{"question": "What describes the connection between the conditions of cyclic existence?", "id": "56d0bcc5234ae51400d9c434", "answers": [{"text": "The Twelve Nid\u0101nas", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What describes the causal connection between the subsequent conditions of cyclic existance?", "id": "56d1e851e7d4791d00902443", "answers": [{"text": "The Twelve Nid\u0101nas", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Twelve Nid\u0101nas describe a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence, each one giving rise to the next:"}], ["Nirvana (Sanskrit; Pali: \"Nibb\u0101na\") bermaksud \"pemberhentian\", \"kepupusan\" (keinginan dan kebodohan dan oleh itu penderitaan dan kelahiran semula kelahiran sukarela (sa\u1e43s\u0101ra)), \"memadamkan\", \"tenang\" ia juga dikenali sebagai \"Awakening\" atau \"Pencerahan\" di Barat. Istilah bagi sesiapa yang telah mencapai nirvana, termasuk Buddha, adalah arah. <> Apa istilah bermaksud pemberhentian? || Nirvana <> Apa istilah bermakna kebangkitan? || nirvana <> Apakah istilah bagi seseorang yang telah mencapai nirvana? || arahant", {"qas": [{"question": "What term means cessation?", "id": "56d1ec45e7d4791d00902581", "answers": [{"text": "Nirvana", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term means awakening?", "id": "56d1ec45e7d4791d00902582", "answers": [{"text": "nirvana", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term for someone who has achieved nirvana?", "id": "56d1ec45e7d4791d00902583", "answers": [{"text": "arahant", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nirvana (Sanskrit; Pali: \"Nibb\u0101na\") means \"cessation\", \"extinction\" (of craving and ignorance and therefore suffering and the cycle of involuntary rebirths (sa\u1e43s\u0101ra)), \"extinguished\", \"quieted\", \"calmed\"; it is also known as \"Awakening\" or \"Enlightenment\" in the West. The term for anybody who has achieved nirvana, including the Buddha, is arahant."}], ["Oleh itu, menurut Buddhisme Mahayana, arahantanya hanya mencapai nirvana, sehingga masih tertakluk pada khayalan, sedangkan bodhisattva tidak hanya mencapai nirvana tetapi pembebasan sepenuhnya dari khayalan juga. Maka dia mencapai bodhi dan menjadi buddha. Dalam Buddhisme Theravada, bodhi dan nirvana membawa maksud yang sama seperti pada teks awal, yang dibebaskan dari ketamakan, benci dan khayalan. <> Apa yang telah mencapai nirvana dan juga pembebasan dari khayalan? || bodhisattva <> Jika bodhi tercapai apa yang anda menjadi? || buddha <> Dalam buddhism theravada, bodhi dan istilah apa yang mempunyai makna yang sama? || nirvana", {"qas": [{"question": "What has achieved nirvana and also liberation from delusion?", "id": "56d1ee4ae7d4791d00902591", "answers": [{"text": "bodhisattva", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If bodhi is attained what do you become?", "id": "56d1ee4ae7d4791d00902592", "answers": [{"text": "a buddha", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In theravada buddhism, bodhi and what term have the same meaning?", "id": "56d1ee4ae7d4791d00902593", "answers": [{"text": "nirvana", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Therefore, according to Mahayana Buddhism, the arahant has attained only nirvana, thus still being subject to delusion, while the bodhisattva not only achieves nirvana but full liberation from delusion as well. He thus attains bodhi and becomes a buddha. In Theravada Buddhism, bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning as in the early texts, that of being freed from greed, hate and delusion."}], ["Makhluk sentient selalu menderita sepanjang sa\u1e43s\u0101ra sehingga mereka membebaskan diri dari penderitaan ini (dukkha) dengan mencapai Nirvana. Kemudian ketiadaan Nid\u0101na-kebodohan pertama-menyebabkan ketidakhadiran orang lain. <> Bagaimana makhluk hidup dibebaskan dari penderitaan? || dengan mencapai Nirvana <> Apa Nidana pertama? || kejahilan <> Ketiadaan ketidaktahuan membawa kepada apa? || ketiadaan yang lain <> Siapa yang sentiasa menderita di seluruh samsara? || Makhluk yang berpengalaman <> Apakah penderitaan yang dipanggil juga? || dukkha <> Bagaimana anda membebaskan diri dari dukkha? || mencapai Nirvana <> Apa Nidana pertama? || kejahilan", {"qas": [{"question": "How are sentient beings freed from suffering?", "id": "56d0bd38234ae51400d9c436", "answers": [{"text": "by attaining Nirvana", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the first Nid\u0101na?", "id": "56d0bd38234ae51400d9c437", "answers": [{"text": "ignorance", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The absence of ignorance leads to what?", "id": "56d0bd38234ae51400d9c438", "answers": [{"text": "the absence of the others", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who always suffers throughout samsara?", "id": "56d1e8c3e7d4791d00902463", "answers": [{"text": "Sentient beings", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is suffering also called?", "id": "56d1e8c3e7d4791d00902464", "answers": [{"text": "dukkha", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do you free yourself of dukkha?", "id": "56d1e8c3e7d4791d00902465", "answers": [{"text": "attaining Nirvana", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the first Nidana?", "id": "56d1e8c3e7d4791d00902466", "answers": [{"text": "ignorance", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Sentient beings always suffer throughout sa\u1e43s\u0101ra until they free themselves from this suffering (dukkha) by attaining Nirvana. Then the absence of the first Nid\u0101na\u2014ignorance\u2014leads to the absence of the others."}], ["Penggunaan konsep terbaik prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da adalah skema Dua belas Nid\u0101nas (dari P\u0101li \"nid\u0101na\" yang bermaksud \"sebab, asas, sumber atau asal\"), yang menerangkan penerusan kitaran penderitaan dan kelahiran semula (sa\u1e43s\u0101ra) secara terperinci . [note 10] <> Apakah penerapan prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da yang paling umum? || skema Dua belas Nid\u0101nas <> Apa skema Dua Belas Nid\u0101nas terangkan? || kesinambungan kitaran penderitaan dan kelahiran semula (sa\u1e43s\u0101ra) secara terperinci. <> Permohonan penerapan pratityasamutpada adalah skema apa? || Dua belas Nid\u0101nas <> Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan doe nidana? || sebab, asas, sumber atau asal", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the most common application of the concept of prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da?", "id": "56d0bc8f234ae51400d9c430", "answers": [{"text": "the scheme of Twelve Nid\u0101nas", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the scheme of Twelve Nid\u0101nas explain?", "id": "56d0bc8f234ae51400d9c431", "answers": [{"text": "the continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth (sa\u1e43s\u0101ra) in detail.", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "An application of the idea of pratityasamutpada is the scheme of what?", "id": "56d1e81be7d4791d00902429", "answers": [{"text": "Twelve Nid\u0101nas", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What doe nidana mean?", "id": "56d1e81be7d4791d0090242a", "answers": [{"text": "cause, foundation, source or origin", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The best-known application of the concept of prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da is the scheme of Twelve Nid\u0101nas (from P\u0101li \"nid\u0101na\" meaning \"cause, foundation, source or origin\"), which explain the continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth (sa\u1e43s\u0101ra) in detail.[note 10]"}], ["Ajaran Sarvastivada-yang dikritik oleh N\u0101g\u0101rjuna-telah direformulasikan oleh para ulama seperti Vasubandhu dan Asanga dan telah disesuaikan ke sekolah Yogacara. Walaupun sekolah M\u0101hyamaka yang menegaskan bahawa kewujudan atau ketidakhadiran apa-apa perkara yang sebenar sebenarnya tidak sesuai, sesetengah eksponen Yogacara menegaskan bahawa fikiran dan hanya fikiran akhirnya adalah real (doktrin yang dikenali sebagai cittamatra). Tidak semua Yogacarins menegaskan bahawa fikiran sebenarnya wujud; Vasubandhu dan Asanga khususnya tidak. [Web 11] Kedua-dua sekolah pemikiran, bertentangan atau sintesis, membentuk asas metafisika Mahayana yang berikutnya dalam tradisi Indo-Tibet. <> Apa pengajaran yang dikritik oleh Nagarjuna? || Sarvastivada ajaran <> Apa ulama memperbaharui ajaran Sarvastivada? || Vasubandhu dan Asanga <> Apakah doktrin yang mengatakan bahawa minda dan hanya fikiran yang sebenar? || cittamatra <> Apa Yogacarins menegaskan bahawa minda itu tidak benar-benar wujud? || Vasubandhu dan Asanga", {"qas": [{"question": "What teaching were criticized by Nagarjuna?", "id": "56d1eab6e7d4791d00902515", "answers": [{"text": "Sarvastivada teachings", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What scholars reformed Sarvastivada teachings?", "id": "56d1eab6e7d4791d00902516", "answers": [{"text": "Vasubandhu and Asanga", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the doctrine that says that the mind and only the mind are real?", "id": "56d1eab6e7d4791d00902517", "answers": [{"text": "cittamatra", "answer_start": 396}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Yogacarins asserted that the mind was not truly existent?", "id": "56d1eab6e7d4791d00902518", "answers": [{"text": "Vasubandhu and Asanga", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Sarvastivada teachings\u2014which were criticized by N\u0101g\u0101rjuna\u2014were reformulated by scholars such as Vasubandhu and Asanga and were adapted into the Yogacara school. While the M\u0101dhyamaka school held that asserting the existence or non-existence of any ultimately real thing was inappropriate, some exponents of Yogacara asserted that the mind and only the mind is ultimately real (a doctrine known as cittamatra). Not all Yogacarins asserted that mind was truly existent; Vasubandhu and Asanga in particular did not.[web 11] These two schools of thought, in opposition or synthesis, form the basis of subsequent Mahayana metaphysics in the Indo-Tibetan tradition."}], ["Bodhi (Pali dan Sanskrit, dalam devanagari: \u092c\u094a\u0927\u093f) adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk pengalaman Awakening of Arahants. Bodhi secara harfiah bermaksud \"kebangkitan\", tetapi ia lebih sering diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggeris sebagai \"pencerahan\". Dalam Buddhisme Awal, bodhi membawa arti sinonim kepada nirvana, menggunakan hanya beberapa metafora yang berbeza untuk menggambarkan pengalaman itu, yang membayangkan kepupusan raga (keserakahan, keinginan), [web 12] dosa (kebencian, kebencian) [web 13] dan moha Di sekolah Buddhis Mahayana kemudian, status nirvana diturunkan dalam beberapa kitab suci, datang untuk merujuk kepada kepupusan tamak dan benci, menyiratkan bahawa khayalan masih ada pada seseorang yang mencapai nirvana, dan yang diperlukan untuk mencapai bodhi untuk membasmi khayalan: <> Apakah istilah yang diterapkan pada pengalaman kebangkitan para arahat? || Bodhi <> Pada awal Buddhisme Bodhi menggunakan makna yang sama dengan kata apa? || nirvana <> Apakah istilah ketamakan atau keinginan? || raga <> apa perkataan untuk kebencian atau keengganan? || dosa <> Apa maksud moha? || khayalan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the term applied to the experience of the awakening of arahants?", "id": "56d1ece4e7d4791d00902587", "answers": [{"text": "Bodhi", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In early Buddhism Bodhi used a meaning synonymous to what word?", "id": "56d1ece4e7d4791d00902588", "answers": [{"text": "nirvana", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term for greed or craving?", "id": "56d1ece4e7d4791d00902589", "answers": [{"text": "raga", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what is the word for hate or aversion?", "id": "56d1ece4e7d4791d0090258a", "answers": [{"text": "dosa", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does moha mean?", "id": "56d1ece4e7d4791d0090258b", "answers": [{"text": "delusion", "answer_start": 445}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bodhi (P\u0101li and Sanskrit, in devanagari: \u092c\u094a\u0927\u093f) is a term applied to the experience of Awakening of arahants. Bodhi literally means \"awakening\", but it is more commonly translated into English as \"enlightenment\". In Early Buddhism, bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana, using only some different metaphors to describe the experience, which implies the extinction of raga (greed, craving),[web 12] dosa (hate, aversion)[web 13] and moha (delusion).[web 14] In the later school of Mahayana Buddhism, the status of nirvana was downgraded in some scriptures, coming to refer only to the extinction of greed and hate, implying that delusion was still present in one who attained nirvana, and that one needed to attain bodhi to eradicate delusion:"}], ["Selain kekosongan, sekolah-sekolah Mahayana sering memberi penekanan kepada pengertian pemahaman rohani yang sempurna (praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101) dan sifat Buddha (tath\u0101gatagarbha). Terdapat tafsiran bertentangan tentang tath\u0101gatagarbha dalam pemikiran Mah\u0101na. Ide ini boleh dikesan dengan Abhidharma, dan akhirnya kepada pernyataan Buddha di Nik\u0101ya. Di dalam Buddhisme Tibet, menurut sekolah Sakya, tath\u0101gatagarbha adalah inseparability dari kejelasan dan kekosongan minda seseorang. Dalam Nyingma, tath\u0101gatagarbha juga secara amnya merujuk kepada ketidakupayaan kejelasan dan kekosongan minda seseorang. Mengikut sekolah Gelug, ia berpotensi untuk makhluk-makhluk hidup untuk bangkit kerana mereka kosong (iaitu berasal dari bergantung). Menurut sekolah Jonang, ia merujuk kepada sifat-sifat semula jadi minda yang mengekspresikan diri mereka sebagai pengetahuan sains dan sebagainya apabila penglihatan-penglihatan yang dikemudikan dikeluarkan. \"Sutra Tath\u0101gatagarbha\" adalah kumpulan sutra Mahayana yang menyajikan model unik Buddha-alam. Meskipun koleksi ini pada umumnya tidak diendahkan di India, Buddhisme Asia Timur memberikan beberapa arti kepada teks-teks ini. <> Apa maksud tathagatagarbha? || Buddha-nature <> apa yang dimaksud dengan prajnaparamita? || pemahaman rohani yang sempurna <> Menurut apa sekolah tathgatagarbha yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kependekan dan kekosongan fikiran seseorang? || Sakya <> Menurut apa sekolah itu merujuk kepada sifat-sifat semula jadi minda yang mengekspresikan diri mereka sebagai pengetahuan sains? || Jonang <> Apa jenis sutra pada umumnya diabaikan di India? || tath\u0101gatagarbha", {"qas": [{"question": "What does tathagatagarbha mean?", "id": "56d1ebdfe7d4791d00902577", "answers": [{"text": "Buddha-nature", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what does prajnaparamita mean?", "id": "56d1ebdfe7d4791d00902578", "answers": [{"text": "perfected spiritual insight", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to what school is tathgatagarbha the inseparability of clairty and emptiness of one's mind?", "id": "56d1ebdfe7d4791d00902579", "answers": [{"text": "Sakya", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to what school does it refer to the innate qualities of the mind that express themselves as omniscience?", "id": "56d1ebdfe7d4791d0090257a", "answers": [{"text": "Jonang", "answer_start": 732}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of sutras were generally ignored in india?", "id": "56d1ebdfe7d4791d0090257b", "answers": [{"text": "tath\u0101gatagarbha", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Besides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101) and Buddha-nature (tath\u0101gatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tath\u0101gatagarbha in Mah\u0101y\u0101na thought. The idea may be traced to Abhidharma, and ultimately to statements of the Buddha in the Nik\u0101yas. In Tibetan Buddhism, according to the Sakya school, tath\u0101gatagarbha is the inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind. In Nyingma, tath\u0101gatagarbha also generally refers to inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind. According to the Gelug school, it is the potential for sentient beings to awaken since they are empty (i.e. dependently originated). According to the Jonang school, it refers to the innate qualities of the mind that expresses themselves as omniscience etc. when adventitious obscurations are removed. The \"Tath\u0101gatagarbha Sutras\" are a collection of Mahayana sutras that present a unique model of Buddha-nature. Even though this collection was generally ignored in India, East Asian Buddhism provides some significance to these texts."}], ["Buddhisme Mahayana menerima asas teoretikal yang signifikan dari Nagarjuna (mungkin sekitar 150-250 M), yang boleh dikatakan sebagai ulama paling berpengaruh dalam tradisi Mahayana. Sumbangan utama Nagarjuna kepada falsafah Buddha adalah ekspresi sistematik konsep \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101, atau \"kekosongan\", secara beransur-ansur dibuktikan dalam Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101 sutra yang muncul dalam zamannya. Konsep kekosongan membawa bersama doktrin-doktrin Buddha utama lain, terutamanya anatta dan asal usulnya, untuk menyangkal metafizik Sarvastivada dan Sautrantika (sekolah-sekolah yang tidak pupus di Mahayana). Bagi Nagarjuna, ia bukan sekadar makhluk hidup yang kosong dari \u0101tman; semua fenomena (dharmas) tidak ada svabhava (secara literal \"sifat sendiri\" atau \"sifat diri\"), dan dengan itu tanpa asas asas; mereka \"kosong\" menjadi bebas; oleh itu teori-teori heterodok svabhava yang beredar pada masa itu telah disangkal berdasarkan doktrin Buddhisme awal. Sekolah akademik Nagarjuna dikenali sebagai M\u0101hyhyamaka. Beberapa tulisan yang dikaitkan dengan Nagarjuna membuat rujukan eksplisit kepada teks Mahayana, tetapi falsafahnya diperdebatkan dalam parameter yang ditetapkan oleh agamas. Dia mungkin telah tiba di kedudukannya dari keinginan untuk mencapai tafsiran yang konsisten tentang doktrin Buddha seperti yang dicatatkan dalam Canon. Di mata Nagarjuna, Buddha bukan sekadar pelopor, tetapi pendiri sistem M\u0101hyhyamaka. <> Sumbangan utama Nagarjuna adalah pameran konsep apa? || \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101 <> Apa arti sunyata? || kekosongan <> Nagarjuna berkata makhluk yang hidup kosong? || \u0101tman <> Apa maksud dharmas? || fenomena", {"qas": [{"question": "Nagarjuna's main contribution was the exposition of the concept of what?", "id": "56d1e9ace7d4791d009024b2", "answers": [{"text": "\u015b\u016bnyat\u0101", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does sunyata mean?", "id": "56d1e9ace7d4791d009024b3", "answers": [{"text": "emptiness", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Nagarjuna said that sentient beings are empty of what?", "id": "56d1e9ace7d4791d009024b4", "answers": [{"text": "\u0101tman", "answer_start": 643}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does dharmas mean?", "id": "56d1e9ace7d4791d009024b5", "answers": [{"text": "phenomena", "answer_start": 654}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Mahayana Buddhism received significant theoretical grounding from Nagarjuna (perhaps c. 150\u2013250 CE), arguably the most influential scholar within the Mahayana tradition. Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy was the systematic exposition of the concept of \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101, or \"emptiness\", widely attested in the Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101 sutras that emerged in his era. The concept of emptiness brings together other key Buddhist doctrines, particularly anatta and dependent origination, to refute the metaphysics of Sarvastivada and Sautrantika (extinct non-Mahayana schools). For Nagarjuna, it is not merely sentient beings that are empty of \u0101tman; all phenomena (dharmas) are without any svabhava (literally \"own-nature\" or \"self-nature\"), and thus without any underlying essence; they are \"empty\" of being independent; thus the heterodox theories of svabhava circulating at the time were refuted on the basis of the doctrines of early Buddhism. Nagarjuna's school of thought is known as the M\u0101dhyamaka. Some of the writings attributed to Nagarjuna made explicit references to Mahayana texts, but his philosophy was argued within the parameters set out by the agamas. He may have arrived at his positions from a desire to achieve a consistent exegesis of the Buddha's doctrine as recorded in the Canon. In the eyes of Nagarjuna the Buddha was not merely a forerunner, but the very founder of the M\u0101dhyamaka system."}], ["Idea kemerosotan dan kehilangan pengajaran secara beransur-ansur telah berpengaruh dalam Buddhisme Asia Timur. Tanah Tanah Buddhisme berpendapat bahawa ia telah merosot ke titik di mana beberapa orang mampu mengikuti laluan, jadi mungkin lebih baik bergantung pada kekuatan Amit\u0101bha. <> Apakah bentuk agama Buddha telah merosot ke titik di mana beberapa yang mampu mengikuti laluan? || Tanah Murni", {"qas": [{"question": "What form of Buddhism has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path?", "id": "56d1f878e7d4791d009025cf", "answers": [{"text": "Pure Land", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The idea of the decline and gradual disappearance of the teaching has been influential in East Asian Buddhism. Pure Land Buddhism holds that it has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path, so it may be best to rely on the power of Amit\u0101bha."}], ["Bodhi dan nirvana membawa maksud yang sama, yang dibebaskan dari keinginan, kebencian, dan khayalan. Dalam mencapai bodhi, arah arah telah mengatasi halangan-halangan ini. Sebagai satu lagi perbezaan, kepupusan hanya kebencian dan kerakyatan (dalam konteks deria) dengan sesetengah khayalan, disebut anagami. <> Nirvana dan istilah apa yang membawa maksud yang sama? || Bodhi <> Apakah istilah untuk kepupusan hanya kebencian dan keserakahan, dengan residu khayalan? || anagami", {"qas": [{"question": "Nirvana and what term carry the same meaning?", "id": "56d1f214e7d4791d009025ab", "answers": [{"text": "Bodhi", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term for extinction of only hatred and greed, with residue of delusion?", "id": "56d1f214e7d4791d009025ac", "answers": [{"text": "anagami", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning, that of being freed from craving, hate, and delusion. In attaining bodhi, the arahant has overcome these obstacles. As a further distinction, the extinction of only hatred and greed (in the sensory context) with some residue of delusion, is called anagami."}], ["Mengikut tradisi Buddhis, seorang Buddha adalah seorang yang terbangun sepenuhnya yang telah sepenuhnya membersihkan pikirannya dari tiga racun keinginan, keengganan dan ketidaktahuan. Seorang Buddha tidak lagi terikat oleh Samsara dan telah mengakhiri penderitaan yang tidak dialami orang dalam kehidupan. <> Siapakah yang telah terbangun sepenuhnya yang telah memurnikan fikirannya terhadap tiga racun keinginan, keengganan, dan kejahilan? || seorang Buddha <> Buddha tidak lagi terikat oleh apa? || Samsara <> Apa yang orang alami? || penderitaan", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is a fully awakened being who has purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion, and ignorance?", "id": "56d1ef6ae7d4791d00902599", "answers": [{"text": "a Buddha", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A Buddha is no longer bound by what?", "id": "56d1ef6ae7d4791d0090259a", "answers": [{"text": "Samsara", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do unawakend people experience?", "id": "56d1ef6ae7d4791d0090259b", "answers": [{"text": "suffering", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to Buddhist traditions a Buddha is a fully awakened being who has completely purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion and ignorance. A Buddha is no longer bound by Samsara and has ended the suffering which unawakened people experience in life."}], ["Di samping itu, para Buddha Buddha Mahayana percaya terdapat banyak Buddha lain di alam semesta lain. Satu komentar Theravada mengatakan bahawa Buddha bangkit satu demi satu dalam elemen dunia ini, dan tidak sama sekali dalam orang lain. Pengertian perkara ini menggambarkan tafsiran yang berlainan yang berlainan dalam istilah asas, seperti \"dunia\", di antara berbagai aliran agama Buddha. <> Siapa percaya terdapat banyak Buddha lain di alam semesta lain? || Buda Mahayana <> Kepercayaan buddha apa yang mengatakan bahawa Buddha datang satu demi satu dan tidak dalam era lain? || Theravada", {"qas": [{"question": "Who believes there are innumerable other Buddhas in other universes?", "id": "56d1f685e7d4791d009025cb", "answers": [{"text": "Mahayana Buddhists", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What buddhist belief says that Buddhas come one at a time and not within other eras?", "id": "56d1f685e7d4791d009025cc", "answers": [{"text": "Theravada", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In addition, Mahayana Buddhists believe there are innumerable other Buddhas in other universes. A Theravada commentary says that Buddhas arise one at a time in this world element, and not at all in others. The understandings of this matter reflect widely differing interpretations of basic terms, such as \"world realm\", between the various schools of Buddhism."}], ["Dalam Mahayana, Buddha cenderung untuk tidak dilihat sebagai semata-mata manusia, tetapi sebagai unjuran duniawi yang tidak terhingga dan tidak berkesudahan, hadir (lihat Dharmakaya) di luar jangkauan dan jangkauan pemikiran. Selain itu, dalam sastera Mahayana tertentu, Buddha, Dharma dan Sangha dilihat sebagai Satu: ketiga-tiga itu dilihat sebagai Buddha abadi sendiri. <> Dalam Mahayana, yang dianggap sebagai sesuatu yang berada di mana-mana? || Buddha <> Siapa yang dianggap berada di luar jangkauan dan jangkauan pemikiran? || Buddha <> Dalam sutra apakah Buddha, Dharma, dan Sangha dilihat sebagai Satu? || Mahayana", {"qas": [{"question": "In the Mahayana, who is thought to be an omnipresent being?", "id": "56d1f2b4e7d4791d009025af", "answers": [{"text": "Buddha", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is thought to be beyond the range and reach of thought?", "id": "56d1f2b4e7d4791d009025b0", "answers": [{"text": "Buddha", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what sutras are the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha viewed as One?", "id": "56d1f2b4e7d4791d009025b1", "answers": [{"text": "Mahayana", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the Mahayana, the Buddha tends not to be viewed as merely human, but as the earthly projection of a beginningless and endless, omnipresent being (see Dharmakaya) beyond the range and reach of thought. Moreover, in certain Mahayana sutras, the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are viewed essentially as One: all three are seen as the eternal Buddha himself."}], ["Dalam doktrin Theravada, seseorang boleh terbangun dari \"tidur ketidaktahuan\" dengan secara langsung menyedari hakikat sebenar realiti; orang tersebut dipanggil arah dan kadang-kadang buddha. Selepas banyak masa bertempur rohani, mereka telah mencapai hujung kelahiran kelahiran semula, tidak lagi menyerupai semula sebagai manusia, haiwan, hantu, atau benda lain. Komen-komen kepada Canon Pali mengklasifikasikan makhluk-makhluk ini yang terbangun menjadi tiga jenis: <> Seseorang dapat terbangun dari \"tidur ketidaktahuan\" dengan mengakui sifat sebenar apa? || realiti <> Pada akhir kitaran kelahiran semula seseorang dipanggil apa? || arah", {"qas": [{"question": "A person can awaken from the \"sleep of ignorance\" by acknowledging the true nature of what?", "id": "56d1f14be7d4791d009025a5", "answers": [{"text": "reality", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At the end of the cycle of rebirth a person is called what?", "id": "56d1f14be7d4791d009025a6", "answers": [{"text": "arahants", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Theravada doctrine, a person may awaken from the \"sleep of ignorance\" by directly realizing the true nature of reality; such people are called arahants and occasionally buddhas. After numerous lifetimes of spiritual striving, they have reached the end of the cycle of rebirth, no longer reincarnating as human, animal, ghost, or other being. The commentaries to the Pali Canon classify these awakened beings into three types:"}], ["Budha tidak menganggap Siddhartha Gautama sebagai satu-satunya Buddha. Kanu Pali merujuk kepada banyak yang terdahulu (lihat Senarai 28 Buddha), manakala tradisi Mahayana juga mempunyai banyak Buddha yang bersifat celestial, bukannya bersejarah, (lihat Amitabha atau Vairocana sebagai contoh, untuk senarai nama ribuan nama Buddha lihat Taish\u014d Shinsh\u016b Daiz\u014dky\u014d nombor 439-448). Kepercayaan Buddha Theravada dan Buddha yang sama ialah Buddha seterusnya akan menjadi satu nama Maitreya (Pali: Metteyya). <> Berapa banyak Buddha yang dianggap telah wujud dalam Canon Pali? || 28 <> Kepercayaan Theravada dan Mahayana adalah bahawa Buddha seterusnya akan menjadi satu nama apa? || Maitreya <> Mahayana mempunyai banyak Buddha dari asalnya? || celestial", {"qas": [{"question": "How many Buddhas are considered to have existed in the Pali Canon?", "id": "56d1f064e7d4791d0090259f", "answers": [{"text": "28", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A Theravada and Mahayana belief is that the next Buddha will be one named what?", "id": "56d1f064e7d4791d009025a0", "answers": [{"text": "Maitreya", "answer_start": 470}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Mahayana has many Buddhas of what origin?", "id": "56d1f064e7d4791d009025a1", "answers": [{"text": "celestial", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Buddhists do not consider Siddhartha Gautama to have been the only Buddha. The Pali Canon refers to many previous ones (see List of the 28 Buddhas), while the Mahayana tradition additionally has many Buddhas of celestial, rather than historical, origin (see Amitabha or Vairocana as examples, for lists of many thousands Buddha names see Taish\u014d Shinsh\u016b Daiz\u014dky\u014d numbers 439\u2013448). A common Theravada and Mahayana Buddhist belief is that the next Buddha will be one named Maitreya (Pali: Metteyya)."}], ["Kematian Buddha dilihat sebagai ilusi, dia hidup di dalam pesawat lain kewujudan, dan para rahib diizinkan untuk menawarkan \"kebenaran baru\" berdasarkan inputnya. Mahayana juga berbeza dari Theravada dalam konsep \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101 (yang pada akhirnya tidak ada kewujudan), dan dalam kepercayaannya pada Bodhisattva (orang yang tercerahkan yang bersumpah untuk terus dilahirkan semula sehingga semua makhluk dapat diterangi). <> Kematian Buddha dilihat sebagai ilusi, karena ia hidup dalam pesawat lain apa? || kewujudan <> Siapakah yang dibenarkan menawarkan \"kebenaran baru\" berdasarkan input Buddha? || sami <> Apakah istilah untuk idea akhirnya tiada apa-apa yang ada? || \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101 <> Siapa orang yang tercerahkan yang bersumpah untuk terus dilahirkan kembali? || bodhisattva", {"qas": [{"question": "Buddha's death is seen as an illusion, as he is living in other planes of what?", "id": "56d1f365e7d4791d009025b5", "answers": [{"text": "existence", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is permitted to offer \"new truths\" based on Buddhas input?", "id": "56d1f365e7d4791d009025b6", "answers": [{"text": "monks", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term for the idea of ultimately nothing has existance?", "id": "56d1f365e7d4791d009025b7", "answers": [{"text": "\u015b\u016bnyat\u0101", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who are enlightened people who vow to continue being reborn?", "id": "56d1f365e7d4791d009025b8", "answers": [{"text": "bodhisattvas", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Buddha's death is seen as an illusion, he is living on in other planes of existence, and monks are therefore permitted to offer \"new truths\" based on his input. Mahayana also differs from Theravada in its concept of \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101 (that ultimately nothing has existence), and in its belief in bodhisattvas (enlightened people who vow to continue being reborn until all beings can be enlightened)."}], ["Kaedah pengabdian diri atau \"kuasa sendiri\" - tanpa bergantung pada kekuatan luaran atau berada-berbeza dengan bentuk lain Buddhisme utama, Tanah Murni, yang dicirikan oleh kepercayaan yang paling besar dalam \"kekuatan lain\" salvific Amitabha Buddha. Tanah Suci Buddhisme adalah sangat luas dan mungkin merupakan manifestasi yang paling berorientasi pada agama Buddha dan berpusat pada keyakinan bahawa kepercayaan dalam Amitabha Buddha dan pengucapan yang menghormati nama-Nya membebaskan seseorang pada kematian ke Tanah Suci (\u5b89\u6a02), Pure Land (\uf0e8\u571f) Amitabha Buddha. Dunia Buddhisme ini banyak ditakrifkan sebagai peramal Nirvana, atau sebagai Nirvana pada dasarnya sendiri. Bersumpah besar Amitabha Buddha untuk menyelamatkan semua makhluk dari penderitaan samsara dilihat dalam Tanah Suci Buddhisme Tanah sebagai yang berkhasiat secara universal, jika hanya orang yang beriman kepada kuasa nazar itu atau meneriakkan namanya. <> Apa yang dicirikan oleh truts dalam \"kuasa lain\" Amitabha Buddha || Tanah Tulen <> Apa yang paling berorientasikan agama untuk Buddhisme? || Tanah Murni <> Apa Buddha berikrar untuk menyelamatkan semua makhluk dari penderitaan samsara? || Amitabha", {"qas": [{"question": "What is characterized by the deep truts in the \"other-power\" of Amitabha Buddha", "id": "56d1f453e7d4791d009025bd", "answers": [{"text": "Pure Land", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is perhaps the most faith-oriented for of Buddhism?", "id": "56d1f453e7d4791d009025be", "answers": [{"text": "Pure Land", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Buddha vowed to rescue all beings from samsaric suffering?", "id": "56d1f453e7d4791d009025bf", "answers": [{"text": "Amitabha", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\nThe method of self-exertion or \"self-power\"\u2014without reliance on an external force or being\u2014stands in contrast to another major form of Buddhism, Pure Land, which is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific \"other-power\" of Amitabha Buddha. Pure Land Buddhism is a very widespread and perhaps the most faith-orientated manifestation of Buddhism and centres upon the conviction that faith in Amitabha Buddha and the chanting of homage to his name liberates one at death into the Blissful (\u5b89\u6a02), Pure Land (\u6de8\u571f) of Amitabha Buddha. This Buddhic realm is variously construed as a foretaste of Nirvana, or as essentially Nirvana itself. The great vow of Amitabha Buddha to rescue all beings from samsaric suffering is viewed within Pure Land Buddhism as universally efficacious, if only one has faith in the power of that vow or chants his name."}], ["Buddha percaya Gautama Buddha adalah yang pertama untuk mencapai pencerahan dalam era Buddha ini dan oleh itu dikreditkan dengan penubuhan agama Buddha. Era Buddha adalah sejarah sepanjang masa di mana orang mengingat dan mengamalkan ajaran-ajaran Buddha terdahulu. Masa Buddha ini akan berakhir apabila semua pengetahuan, keterangan dan ajaran Buddha Gautama telah hilang. Oleh itu, kepercayaan ini mempertahankan bahawa banyak zaman Buddha telah bermula dan berakhir sepanjang perjalanan kewujudan manusia. [Web 15] [web 16] Oleh sebab itu, Buddha Gautama adalah Buddha zaman ini, yang mengajar secara langsung atau tidak langsung kepada semua Buddha lain dalam ia (lihat jenis-jenis Buddha). <> Siapa yang dipercayai telah mencapai pencerahan terlebih dahulu? || Gautama Buddha <> Apakah istilah untuk sejarah yang berlaku di mana orang ramai mengamalkan ajaran buddha yang paling awal diketahui? || Masa Buddha <> Siapakah Budha era Buddha ini? || Gautama Buddha <> Yang mengajar secara langsung atau tidak langsung kepada semua Buddha lain? || Gautama Buddha", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is believed to have achieved enlightenment first?", "id": "56d1f5e8e7d4791d009025c3", "answers": [{"text": "Gautama Buddha", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term for the stretch of history during which people rmember and practice the teachings of the earliest known buddha?", "id": "56d1f5e8e7d4791d009025c4", "answers": [{"text": "A Buddha era", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the Buddha of this Buddha era?", "id": "56d1f5e8e7d4791d009025c5", "answers": [{"text": "Gautama Buddha", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who taught directly or indirectly to all other Buddhas?", "id": "56d1f5e8e7d4791d009025c6", "answers": [{"text": "Gautama Buddha", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Buddhists believe Gautama Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this Buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of Buddhism. A Buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha. This Buddha era will end when all the knowledge, evidence and teachings of Gautama Buddha have vanished. This belief therefore maintains that many Buddha eras have started and ended throughout the course of human existence.[web 15][web 16] The Gautama Buddha, therefore, is the Buddha of this era, who taught directly or indirectly to all other Buddhas in it (see types of Buddhas)."}], ["Pepatah yang terkenal oleh ulama Buddha India abad ke-8 Shantideva, yang merupakan Dalai Lama ke-14 sering menyebut sebagai ayat kegemarannya, merumuskan niat Bodhisattva (Bodhicitta) sebagai berikut: \"Selagi ruang kekal, dan selama makhluk hidup kekal, sehingga pada masa itu saya juga boleh mematuhi penderitaan dunia. \"Yang mana Dalai Lama memetik ucapan terkenal Shantideva? || Dalai Lama ke-14", {"qas": [{"question": "Which Dalai Lama cites Shantideva's famous saying?", "id": "56d20c26e7d4791d0090262c", "answers": [{"text": "the 14th Dalai Lama", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A famous saying by the 8th-century Indian Buddhist scholar-saint Shantideva, which the 14th Dalai Lama often cites as his favourite verse, summarizes the Bodhisattva's intention (Bodhicitta) as follows: \"For as long as space endures, and for as long as living beings remain, until then may I too abide to dispel the misery of the world.\"[citation needed]"}], ["Pengabdian adalah bahagian penting dalam amalan kebanyakan orang Buddha. Amalan Devotional termasuk tunduk, persembahan, ziarah, dan nyanyian. Di Tanah Suci Tanah Murni, pengabdian kepada Buddha Amitabha adalah amalan utama. Dalam Buddhisme Nichiren, pengabdian kepada Lotus Sutra adalah amalan utama. <> Devosi adalah bahagian penting dari amalan yang paling? || Budha <> Apakah amalan kebaktian? || tunduk, persembahan, haji, dan melaungkan", {"qas": [{"question": "Devotion is an important part of the practice of most what?", "id": "56d20c93e7d4791d0090262f", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhists", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the devotional practices?", "id": "56d20c93e7d4791d00902630", "answers": [{"text": "bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Devotion is an important part of the practice of most Buddhists. Devotional practices include bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting. In Pure Land Buddhism, devotion to the Buddha Amitabha is the main practice. In Nichiren Buddhism, devotion to the Lotus Sutra is the main practice."}], ["Teks-teks Buddha mungkin teknik teknik meditasi yang paling awal. Mereka menggambarkan amalan meditasi dan menyatakan bahawa wujud sebelum Buddha dan juga yang mula-mula berkembang dalam Buddhisme. Dua Upanishad yang ditulis selepas bangkitnya Buddhisme mengandungi deskripsi lengkap mengenai yoga sebagai cara untuk membebaskan. <> Apakah mungkin teks terawal yang menerangkan teknik meditasi? || Teks Buddha <> Apa yang menerangkan keadaan meditasi yang muncul sebelum Buddha? || Tulisan Buddha <> Apa dua perkara yang ditulis selepas bangkitnya Buddhisme? || Upanishad", {"qas": [{"question": "What are probably the earliest texts describing meditation techniques?", "id": "56d21b46e7d4791d00902649", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhist texts", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What describes meditative states exising before the Buddha?", "id": "56d21b46e7d4791d0090264a", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhist texts", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two items were written after the rise of Buddhism?", "id": "56d21b46e7d4791d0090264b", "answers": [{"text": "Upanishads", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Buddhist texts are probably the earliest describing meditation techniques. They describe meditative practices and states that existed before the Buddha as well as those first developed within Buddhism. Two Upanishads written after the rise of Buddhism do contain full-fledged descriptions of yoga as a means to liberation."}], ["Menurut Jan Nattier, istilah Mah\u0101y\u0101na \"Kenderaan Besar\" pada asalnya bahkan sebagai sinonim kehormatan untuk Bodhisattvay\u0101na \"Bodhisattva Vehicle.\" A\u1e63\u1e6das\u0101hasrik\u0101 Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101 S\u016btra, sebuah teks Mahayana yang awal dan penting, mengandungi definisi ringkas dan singkat untuk istilah bodhisattva: \"Karena dia memiliki pencerahan sebagai tujuannya, seorang bodhisattva-mah\u0101sattva disebut demikian.\" <> Apa istilah bermaksud \"kenderaan yang hebat\"? || Mahayana <> Apakah sinonim kehormatan untuk Bodhisattvayana? || Mahayana <> The Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita Sutra adalah teks penting jenis apa? || Mahayana", {"qas": [{"question": "What term means \"great vehicle\"?", "id": "56d1fd7ee7d4791d009025d6", "answers": [{"text": "Mahayana", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an honorary synonym for Bodhisattvayana?", "id": "56d1fd7ee7d4791d009025d7", "answers": [{"text": "Mahayana", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita Sutra is an important text of what type?", "id": "56d1fd7ee7d4791d009025d8", "answers": [{"text": "Mahayana", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to Jan Nattier, the term Mah\u0101y\u0101na \"Great Vehicle\" was originally even an honorary synonym for Bodhisattvay\u0101na \"Bodhisattva Vehicle.\" The A\u1e63\u1e6das\u0101hasrik\u0101 Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101 S\u016btra, an early and important Mahayana text, contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva: \"Because he has enlightenment as his aim, a bodhisattva-mah\u0101sattva is so called.\""}], ["Meditasi adalah aspek amalan yogis pada abad sebelum Buddha. Sang Buddha membina kebimbangan yogis dengan introspeksi dan mengembangkan teknik meditasi mereka, tetapi menolak teori-teori pembebasan mereka. Di dalam Buddhisme, kesedaran dan kesedaran yang jelas akan dikembangkan setiap masa; dalam amalan yogic pra-Buddha tidak ada injunksi sedemikian. Seorang yogi dalam tradisi Brahmanik bukanlah untuk berlatih sementara membuang-buang, misalnya, ketika seorang biarawan Buddha harus berbuat demikian. <> Meditasi adalah aspek amalan siapa? || yogis <> Dalam agama Buddha, apa yang mesti dikembangkan pada setiap masa? || kesedaran dan kesedaran yang jelas", {"qas": [{"question": "Meditation was an aspect of the practice of who?", "id": "56d2124ce7d4791d0090263d", "answers": [{"text": "the yogis", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Buddhism, what must be developed at all times?", "id": "56d2124ce7d4791d0090263e", "answers": [{"text": "mindfulness and clear awareness", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Meditation was an aspect of the practice of the yogis in the centuries preceding the Buddha. The Buddha built upon the yogis' concern with introspection and developed their meditative techniques, but rejected their theories of liberation. In Buddhism, mindfulness and clear awareness are to be developed at all times; in pre-Buddhist yogic practices there is no such injunction. A yogi in the Brahmanical tradition is not to practice while defecating, for example, while a Buddhist monastic should do so."}], ["Bodhisattva bermaksud \"pencerahan menjadi\", dan secara amnya merujuk kepada seseorang yang berada di jalan menuju buddhahood. Secara tradisional, seorang bodhisattva adalah orang yang, yang dimotivasi oleh belas kasihan yang besar, telah menghasilkan bodhicitta, yang merupakan keinginan spontan untuk mencapai Buddhahood untuk kepentingan semua makhluk hidup. Buddhisme Theravada terutamanya menggunakan istilah berhubung dengan keberadaan Gautama Buddha sebelum ini, tetapi secara tradisional mengakui dan menghormati jalan bodhisattva juga. [Web 17] <> Apa maksud Bodhisattva? || pencerahan adalah <> Apakah istilah untuk keinginan spontan untuk mencapai Buddhahood untuk kepentingan semua makhluk? || bodhicitta", {"qas": [{"question": "What does Bodhisattva mean?", "id": "56d1fc6ae7d4791d009025d1", "answers": [{"text": "enlightenment being", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term for the spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all beings?", "id": "56d1fc6ae7d4791d009025d2", "answers": [{"text": "bodhicitta", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bodhisattva means \"enlightenment being\", and generally refers to one who is on the path to buddhahood. Traditionally, a bodhisattva is anyone who, motivated by great compassion, has generated bodhicitta, which is a spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings. Theravada Buddhism primarily uses the term in relation to Gautama Buddha's previous existences, but has traditionally acknowledged and respected the bodhisattva path as well.[web 17]"}], ["Buddhisme Mahayana menggalakkan semua orang menjadi bodhisattva dan mengambil sumpah bodhisattva, di mana pengamal berjanji untuk bekerja untuk pencerahan lengkap semua makhluk dengan mempraktikkan enam p\u0101ramit\u0101s. Menurut ajaran Mahayana, kesempurnaan ini adalah: d\u0101na, \u015b\u012bla, k\u1e63anti, v\u012brya, dhy\u0101na, dan praj\u00f1\u0101. <> Buddha apa yang menggalakkan semua orang menjadi bodhisattva? || Mahayana <> Apakah idea di sana pengamal berjanji untuk bekerja untuk pencerahan lengkap semua makhluk dengan berlatih enam paramitas? || bodhisattva vow <> Apakah enam kesempurnaan di bawah ajaran Mahayana? || d\u0101na, \u015b\u012bla, k\u1e63anti, v\u012brya, dhy\u0101na, dan praj\u00f1\u0101", {"qas": [{"question": "What buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas?", "id": "56d1fe20e7d4791d009025dc", "answers": [{"text": "Mahayana", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the idea there the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six paramitas?", "id": "56d1fe20e7d4791d009025dd", "answers": [{"text": "bodhisattva vow", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the six perfections under Mahayana teachings?", "id": "56d1fe20e7d4791d009025de", "answers": [{"text": "d\u0101na, \u015b\u012bla, k\u1e63anti, v\u012brya, dhy\u0101na, and praj\u00f1\u0101", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Mahayana Buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas and to take the bodhisattva vow, where the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six p\u0101ramit\u0101s. According to Mahayana teachings, these perfections are: d\u0101na, \u015b\u012bla, k\u1e63anti, v\u012brya, dhy\u0101na, and praj\u00f1\u0101."}], ["Pengetahuan agama atau \"penglihatan\" ditunjukkan sebagai hasil dari praktik baik di dalam maupun di luar lipatan Buddhis. Menurut Sama\u00f1\u00f1aphala Sutta, penglihatan semacam ini muncul untuk para mahluk Buddha sebagai hasil dari kesempurnaan \"meditasi\" serta kesempurnaan \"disiplin\" (Pali s\u012bla; Skt. \u015a\u012bla). Sesetengah teknik meditasi Buddha telah dikongsi dengan tradisi lain pada zamannya, tetapi idea bahawa etika berkaitan dengan pencapaian \"kebijaksanaan transenden\" (Pali pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101; Skt praj\u00f1\u0101) adalah asal. [Web 18] <> Keagamaan juga dikenali sebagai apa? || penglihatan <> Apakah jenis teknik yang dikongsi dengan tradisi lain pada zamannya? || meditatif <> Ada idea di mana etika berkaitan dengan pencapaian apa? || kebijaksanaan transenden", {"qas": [{"question": "Religious knowledge is also known as what?", "id": "56d21aa5e7d4791d00902643", "answers": [{"text": "vision", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of techniques were shared with other traditions of his day?", "id": "56d21aa5e7d4791d00902644", "answers": [{"text": "meditative", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "There is an idea where ethics are causally related to the attainment of what?", "id": "56d21aa5e7d4791d00902645", "answers": [{"text": "transcendent wisdom", "answer_start": 473}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Religious knowledge or \"vision\" was indicated as a result of practice both within and outside of the Buddhist fold. According to the Sama\u00f1\u00f1aphala Sutta, this sort of vision arose for the Buddhist adept as a result of the perfection of \"meditation\" coupled with the perfection of \"discipline\" (Pali s\u012bla; Skt. \u015b\u012bla). Some of the Buddha's meditative techniques were shared with other traditions of his day, but the idea that ethics are causally related to the attainment of \"transcendent wisdom\" (Pali pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101; Skt. praj\u00f1\u0101) was original.[web 18]"}], ["Walaupun tidak ada bukti yang meyakinkan untuk meditasi dalam teks awal Brahmana awal Buddhis, Wynne berpendapat bahawa meditasi tidak bermoral berasal dari tradisi Brahminik atau Shramanik, berdasarkan persamaan yang kuat antara pernyataan kosmologi Upanishadic dan matlamat meditatif kedua guru Buddha seperti yang direkodkan dalam teks Buddha awal. Beliau juga menyebut kemungkinan yang kurang mungkin. Setelah mendakwa bahawa kenyataan kosmologi di Upanishad juga mencerminkan tradisi kontemplatif, dia berpendapat bahawa Nasadiya Sukta mengandungi bukti untuk tradisi kontemplatif, walaupun seawal zaman akhir Rig Vedic. <> Dalam pra-buddhist awal Brahmana teks tidak ada bukti untuk apa? || meditasi <> Kenyataan upanishad mencerminkan jenis tradisi? || kontemplatif <> Apa yang mengandungi bukti untuk tradisi kontemplatif? || Nasadiya Sukta", {"qas": [{"question": "In pre-buddhist early Brahminic texts there is no evidence for what?", "id": "56d21c3ae7d4791d0090264f", "answers": [{"text": "meditation", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The upanishads statements reflect what type of tradition?", "id": "56d21c3ae7d4791d00902651", "answers": [{"text": "contemplative", "answer_start": 479}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What contains evidence for a contemplative tradition?", "id": "56d21c3ae7d4791d00902652", "answers": [{"text": "Nasadiya Sukta", "answer_start": 523}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "While there is no convincing evidence for meditation in pre-Buddhist early Brahminic texts, Wynne argues that formless meditation originated in the Brahminic or Shramanic tradition, based on strong parallels between Upanishadic cosmological statements and the meditative goals of the two teachers of the Buddha as recorded in the early Buddhist texts. He mentions less likely possibilities as well. Having argued that the cosmological statements in the Upanishads also reflect a contemplative tradition, he argues that the Nasadiya Sukta contains evidence for a contemplative tradition, even as early as the late Rig Vedic period."}], ["Buddhisme secara tradisional menggabungkan keadaan penyerapan meditasi (Pali: jh\u0101na; Skt: dhy\u0101na). Ekspresi gagasan yogic yang paling kuno ditemui dalam khotbah awal Buddha. Salah satu pengajaran inovatif utama Buddha ialah penyerapan meditasi harus digabungkan dengan kognisi yang membebaskan. Perbezaan antara ajaran Buddha dan yoga yang dibentangkan dalam teks-teks Brahmana awal sangat menarik. Negara-negara meditasi semata-mata tidak berakhir, kerana menurut Buddha, bahkan negara meditasi tertinggi tidak membebaskan. Daripada mencapai pemikiran yang lengkap, beberapa jenis aktiviti mental mesti berlaku: kognisi yang membebaskan, berdasarkan amalan kesadaran yang sedar. <> Buddhisme secara tradisional menggabungkan keadaan jenis penyerapan apa? || meditative <> Idea yogic yang paling kuno ditemui dalam khotbah awal siapa? || Buddha <> Perbezaan antara ajaran Buddha dan yoga yang disajikan dalam bentuk apa jenis teks yang penting? || Brahminic <> Menurut peristiwa Buddha dia meditasi paling tinggi tidak apa? || membebaskan", {"qas": [{"question": "Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of what type of absorption?", "id": "56d20db9e7d4791d00902635", "answers": [{"text": "meditative", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The most acient yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of who?", "id": "56d20db9e7d4791d00902636", "answers": [{"text": "the Buddha", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in what what type of texts is significant?", "id": "56d20db9e7d4791d00902637", "answers": [{"text": "Brahminic", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to the Buddha event he highest meditative state is not what?", "id": "56d20db9e7d4791d00902638", "answers": [{"text": "liberating", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of meditative absorption (Pali: jh\u0101na; Skt: dhy\u0101na). The most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of the Buddha. One key innovative teaching of the Buddha was that meditative absorption must be combined with liberating cognition. The difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in early Brahminic texts is striking. Meditative states alone are not an end, for according to the Buddha, even the highest meditative state is not liberating. Instead of attaining a complete cessation of thought, some sort of mental activity must take place: a liberating cognition, based on the practice of mindful awareness."}], ["Senarai lengkap sepuluh ajaran boleh diperhatikan oleh orang awam untuk tempoh yang singkat. Untuk senarai lengkap, ajaran ketujuh dibahagikan kepada dua, dan sepersepuluh ditambahkan: <> Berapa banyak ajaran dalam senarai? || sepuluh <> Dalam senarai lengkap ajaran, yang mana satu dibahagikan kepada dua? || ketujuh", {"qas": [{"question": "How many precepts are on the list?", "id": "56d23c30b329da140004ec3c", "answers": [{"text": "ten", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the complete list of precepts, which one is partitioned into two?", "id": "56d23c30b329da140004ec3e", "answers": [{"text": "seventh", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The complete list of ten precepts may be observed by laypeople for short periods. For the complete list, the seventh precept is partitioned into two, and a tenth added:"}], ["Dalam lapan ajaran, ajaran ketiga tentang salah laku seksual dibuat lebih ketat, dan menjadi ajaran celibacy. Ketiga tiga ajaran tambahan adalah: <> Daripada lapan ajaran mana yang ada pada salah laku seksual? || ketiga <> Apakah ajaran ketat ketiga mengenai salah laku seksual? || ajaran celibacy", {"qas": [{"question": "Of the eight precepts which one is on sexual misconduct?", "id": "56d23b26b329da140004ec2e", "answers": [{"text": "third", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the third strict precept on sexual misconduct?", "id": "56d23b26b329da140004ec2f", "answers": [{"text": "a precept of celibacy", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the eight precepts, the third precept on sexual misconduct is made more strict, and becomes a precept of celibacy. The three additional precepts are:"}], ["\u015a\u012bla (Sanskrit) atau s\u012bla (P\u0101li) biasanya diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggeris sebagai \"kelakuan mulia\", \"moral\", \"disiplin moral\", \"etika\" atau \"ajaran\". Ini adalah tindakan yang dilakukan melalui badan, pertuturan, atau fikiran, dan melibatkan usaha yang disengajakan. Ini adalah salah satu daripada tiga amalan (s\u012bla, sam\u0101dhi, dan pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101) dan p\u0101ramit\u0101 yang kedua. Ia merujuk kepada kesucian moral pemikiran, perkataan, dan perbuatan. Keempat syarat \u015b\u012bla adalah kesucian, ketenangan, ketenangan, dan pemadaman. <> Apakah tindakan yang dilakukan melalui tubuh dan melibatkan usaha yang disengajakan? || \u015a\u012bla <> Sila adalah yang kedua? || p\u0101ramit\u0101", {"qas": [{"question": "What is an action committed through the body and involves intentional effort?", "id": "56d21fd7e7d4791d00902672", "answers": [{"text": "\u015a\u012bla", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Sila is the second what?", "id": "56d21fd7e7d4791d00902673", "answers": [{"text": "p\u0101ramit\u0101", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\u015a\u012bla (Sanskrit) or s\u012bla (P\u0101li) is usually translated into English as \"virtuous behavior\", \"morality\", \"moral discipline\", \"ethics\" or \"precept\". It is an action committed through the body, speech, or mind, and involves an intentional effort. It is one of the three practices (s\u012bla, sam\u0101dhi, and pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101) and the second p\u0101ramit\u0101. It refers to moral purity of thought, word, and deed. The four conditions of \u015b\u012bla are chastity, calmness, quiet, and extinguishment."}], ["\u015a\u0101la merujuk kepada prinsip keseluruhan tingkah laku beretika. Terdapat beberapa peringkat s\u012bla, yang sesuai dengan \"asas moral\" (lima ajaran), \"akhlak asas dengan pertapaan\" (lapan ajaran), \"pemula pemula\" (sepuluh ajaran) dan \"pemuda\" (Vinaya atau Patimokkha). Lay orang umumnya berusaha untuk hidup dengan lima ajaran, yang biasa untuk semua sekolah Buddhis. Jika mereka mahu, mereka boleh memilih untuk melaksanakan lapan ajaran, yang menambah pertapaian asas. <> Apa gunanya? || prinsip keseluruhan tingkah laku etika <> Lay orang cenderung untuk hidup dengan lima perkara? || ajaran <> Sekolah boleh menjalankan lapan ajaran, yang menambah dasar apa? || pertapaian.", {"qas": [{"question": "What does sila refer to?", "id": "56d2392cb329da140004ec14", "answers": [{"text": "overall principles of ethical behavior", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Lay people tend to live by the five what?", "id": "56d2392cb329da140004ec15", "answers": [{"text": "precepts", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Schools can undertake eight precepts, which add basic what?", "id": "56d2392cb329da140004ec17", "answers": [{"text": "asceticism.", "answer_start": 448}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\u015a\u012bla refers to overall principles of ethical behavior. There are several levels of s\u012bla, which correspond to \"basic morality\" (five precepts), \"basic morality with asceticism\" (eight precepts), \"novice monkhood\" (ten precepts) and \"monkhood\" (Vinaya or Patimokkha). Lay people generally undertake to live by the five precepts, which are common to all Buddhist schools. If they wish, they can choose to undertake the eight precepts, which add basic asceticism."}], ["Mengenai peraturan monastik, Buddha sentiasa mengingatkan pendengarnya bahawa ia adalah semangat yang dianggap penting. Sebaliknya, peraturan itu sendiri direka untuk memastikan kehidupan yang memuaskan, dan memberikan papan luncur yang sempurna untuk pencapaian yang lebih tinggi. Monastik diarahkan oleh Buddha untuk hidup sebagai \"pulau-pulau kepada diri mereka sendiri\". Dalam pengertian ini, kehidupan hidup sebagai vinaya menetapkannya, seperti yang dikatakan oleh seorang sarjana: \"lebih daripada sekadar alat untuk mengakhiri: ia hampir hampir berakhir dengan sendirinya.\" <> Mengenai peraturan monastik, Buddha mengingatkan pendengarnya bahawa semangat itu apa? || tuduhan <> Peraturannya sendiri dirancang untuk memastikan apa yang memuaskan? || Kehidupan <> Peraturan-peraturan adalah batu loncatan yang sempurna untuk apa? || pencapaian yang lebih tinggi <> Monastik diarahkan oleh Buddha untuk hidup seperti apa? || pulau-pulau kepada diri mereka sendiri", {"qas": [{"question": "Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that what?", "id": "56d23d72b329da140004ec4c", "answers": [{"text": "counts", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying what?", "id": "56d23d72b329da140004ec4d", "answers": [{"text": "life", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The rules are a perfect springboard for what?", "id": "56d23d72b329da140004ec4e", "answers": [{"text": "higher attainments", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as what?", "id": "56d23d72b329da140004ec4f", "answers": [{"text": "islands unto themselves", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that counts. On the other hand, the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying life, and provide a perfect springboard for the higher attainments. Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as \"islands unto themselves\". In this sense, living life as the vinaya prescribes it is, as one scholar puts it: \"more than merely a means to an end: it is very nearly the end in itself.\""}], ["Prinsip-prinsip tidak dirumuskan sebagai peraturan, tetapi sebagai peraturan latihan yang dilakukan orang awam secara sukarela untuk memudahkan amalan. Dalam pemikiran Buddhis, penanaman dana dan kelakuan etika sendiri menampakkan kesedaran kepada tahap seperti itu bahawa kelahiran semula di salah satu langit yang lebih rendah mungkin, walaupun tidak ada lagi praktik Buddhis. Tidak ada salah atau tidak Buddha tentang membatasi tujuan seseorang untuk mencapai tahap ini. <> Unsur-unsur tidak diwujudkan sebagai keutamaan, tetapi seperti apa? || peraturan latihan <> Penanaman dana dan jenis kelakuan yang sesuai untuk memperbaiki kesedaran? || etika <> Walaupun tidak ada lagi praktik Buddhis, apakah langit yang masih ada? || lebih rendah", {"qas": [{"question": "Precepts are not created as imperatives, but as what?", "id": "56d23abcb329da140004ec26", "answers": [{"text": "training rules", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The cultivation of dana and what kind of conduct refine consciousness?", "id": "56d23abcb329da140004ec27", "answers": [{"text": "ethical", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Even if there is no further Buddhist practice, what heavens is still likely?", "id": "56d23abcb329da140004ec28", "answers": [{"text": "lower", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The precepts are not formulated as imperatives, but as training rules that laypeople undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice. In Buddhist thought, the cultivation of dana and ethical conduct themselves refine consciousness to such a level that rebirth in one of the lower heavens is likely, even if there is no further Buddhist practice. There is nothing improper or un-Buddhist about limiting one's aims to this level of attainment."}], ["Menurut kitab suci, Gautama Buddha mempersembahkan dirinya sebagai model. Dharma menawarkan perlindungan dengan menyediakan garis panduan untuk mengatasi penderitaan dan pencapaian Nirvana. Sangha dianggap sebagai tempat perlindungan dengan memelihara ajaran Buddha yang tulen dan memberikan contoh-contoh lebih lanjut bahawa kebenaran ajaran Buddha dapat dicapai. <> Siapa yang memperlihatkan diri sebagai model? || Gautama Buddha <> Apa yang menawarkan perlindungan dengan menyediakan garis panduan untuk mengatasi penderitaan? || Dharma <> Apa yang memberi perlindungan dengan memelihara ajaran Buddha? || Sangha", {"qas": [{"question": "Who presented himself as a model?", "id": "56d21dcce7d4791d00902661", "answers": [{"text": "Gautama Buddha", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering?", "id": "56d21dcce7d4791d00902662", "answers": [{"text": "Dharma", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What provides refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the Buddha?", "id": "56d21dcce7d4791d00902663", "answers": [{"text": "Sangha", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to the scriptures, Gautama Buddha presented himself as a model. The Dharma offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and the attainment of Nirvana. The Sangha is considered to provide a refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the Buddha and providing further examples that the truth of the Buddha's teachings is attainable."}], ["Vinaya adalah kod moral khusus untuk rahib dan biarawati. Ia termasuk Patimokkha, satu set 227 peraturan bagi para rahib dalam penggambaran Theravadin. Kandungan tepat dari vinayapitaka (kitab-kitab Vinaya) sedikit berbeza menurut sekolah-sekolah yang berbeda, dan sekolah-sekolah yang berbeda atau sekolah rendah menetapkan taraf yang berbeda untuk tahap kepatuhan kepada Vinaya. Novice-biarawan menggunakan sepuluh ajaran, yang merupakan asas untuk monastik. <> Berapa banyak asas asas yang ada untuk monastik? || sepuluh ajaran <> Apakah kod moral khusus untuk rahib dan biarawati? || vinaya <> Berapa banyak peraturan yang dapat diterapkan oleh patimokkha? || 227 <> Apakah tulisan suci pada vinaya dipanggil? || vinayapitaka", {"qas": [{"question": "How many basic precepts are there for monastics?", "id": "56d23cc4b329da140004ec42", "answers": [{"text": "the ten precepts", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the specific moral code for monks and nuns?", "id": "56d23cc4b329da140004ec43", "answers": [{"text": "vinaya", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many rules dows the patimokkha have?", "id": "56d23cc4b329da140004ec44", "answers": [{"text": "227", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the scriptures on vinaya called?", "id": "56d23cc4b329da140004ec45", "answers": [{"text": "vinayapitaka", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Vinaya is the specific moral code for monks and nuns. It includes the Patimokkha, a set of 227 rules for monks in the Theravadin recension. The precise content of the vinayapitaka (scriptures on Vinaya) differs slightly according to different schools, and different schools or subschools set different standards for the degree of adherence to Vinaya. Novice-monks use the ten precepts, which are the basic precepts for monastics."}], ["S\u012bla adalah asas Sam\u0101dhi / Bh\u0101vana (penanaman meditatif) atau penanaman minda. Menjaga ajaran-ajaran ini tidak hanya menggalakkan ketenangan fikiran para penanam, yang bersifat internal, tetapi juga perdamaian dalam masyarakat, yang luar. Menurut Undang-Undang Karma, menjaga ajaran-ajaran itu bersikap meriah dan bertindak sebagai penyebab yang akan membawa efek damai dan bahagia. Memelihara ajaran-ajaran ini akan memelihara kultivator dari kelahiran semula dalam keempat alam kewujudan yang menyedihkan. <> Apa yang menjaga klinik dari kelahiran semula dalam empat alam keupayaan? || menjaga ajaran <> Apakah asas Samadhi / Bhavana? || \u015a\u012bla <> Apa yang menggalakkan bukan sahaja ketenangan fikiran tetapi juga keamanan dalam masyarakat? || menjaga ajaran", {"qas": [{"question": "What keeps the cultivator from rebirth in the four realms of existance?", "id": "56d2207ee7d4791d0090268d", "answers": [{"text": "keeping the precepts", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the foundation of Samadhi/Bhavana?", "id": "56d2207ee7d4791d0090268e", "answers": [{"text": "\u015a\u012bla", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What promotes not only the peace of mind but also peace in the community?", "id": "56d2207ee7d4791d0090268f", "answers": [{"text": "keeping the precepts", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\u015a\u012bla is the foundation of Sam\u0101dhi/Bh\u0101vana (Meditative cultivation) or mind cultivation. Keeping the precepts promotes not only the peace of mind of the cultivator, which is internal, but also peace in the community, which is external. According to the Law of Karma, keeping the precepts is meritorious and it acts as causes that would bring about peaceful and happy effects. Keeping these precepts keeps the cultivator from rebirth in the four woeful realms of existence."}], ["Secara tradisinya, langkah pertama di kebanyakan sekolah Buddha memerlukan perlindungan di Tiga Jewels (Sanskrit: tri-ratna, P\u0101li: ti-ratana) [web 19] sebagai asas amalan agama seseorang. Amalan perlindungan bagi pihak anak muda atau belum lahir disebut dalam Majjhima Nikaya, yang diiktiraf oleh kebanyakan ulama sebagai teks awal (bf Pembaptisan Bayi). Buddhisme Tibet kadang-kadang menambah perlindungan keempat, di lama. Dalam Mahayana, orang yang memilih jalan bodhisattva membuat nazar atau ikrar, dianggap sebagai ekspresi belas kasihan. Dalam Mahayana, juga, Tiga Perhiasan dianggap sebagai memiliki intipati kekal dan tidak berubah dan mempunyai kesan yang tidak dapat dikembalikan: \"Tiga Jewels mempunyai kualiti kecemerlangan. Sama seperti perhiasan sebenar tidak mengubah fakultas dan kebaikan mereka, sama ada dipuji atau dicaci maki , begitu juga dengan Tiga Permata (Refuges), kerana mereka mempunyai intipati yang kekal dan tidak kekal. Tiga Jewels ini membawa hasil yang tidak berubah, kerana satu kali telah mencapai Buddhahood, tidak ada kemungkinan jatuh kembali ke penderitaan. langkah pertama dalam sekolah Buddhisme? || Tiga Jewels <> Apa yang menyebut perlindungan bagi pihak anak muda atau anak yang belum lahir? || Majjhima Nikaya <> Apakah jenis agama Buddha yang menambahkan perlindungan keempat? Perhiasan-perhiasan adalah prasekolah yang memiliki sifat abadi dan tidak berubah apa-apa? || | intipati. <> Apa yang mempunyai kesan yang tidak dapat dipulihkan? || The Three Jewels", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the first step in a school of Buddhism?", "id": "56d21d1fe7d4791d00902657", "answers": [{"text": "the Three Jewels", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What mentions taking refuge on behalf of young or unborn children?", "id": "56d21d1fe7d4791d00902658", "answers": [{"text": "Majjhima Nikaya", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of Buddhism adds a fourth refuge?", "id": "56d21d1fe7d4791d00902659", "answers": [{"text": "Tibetan", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Three Jewels are preceived as possessed of an eternal and unchanging what?", "id": "56d21d1fe7d4791d0090265a", "answers": [{"text": "essence.", "answer_start": 915}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has an irreversable effect?", "id": "56d21d1fe7d4791d0090265b", "answers": [{"text": "The Three Jewels", "answer_start": 699}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Traditionally, the first step in most Buddhist schools requires taking refuge in the Three Jewels (Sanskrit: tri-ratna, P\u0101li: ti-ratana)[web 19] as the foundation of one's religious practice. The practice of taking refuge on behalf of young or even unborn children is mentioned in the Majjhima Nikaya, recognized by most scholars as an early text (cf. Infant baptism). Tibetan Buddhism sometimes adds a fourth refuge, in the lama. In Mahayana, the person who chooses the bodhisattva path makes a vow or pledge, considered the ultimate expression of compassion. In Mahayana, too, the Three Jewels are perceived as possessed of an eternal and unchanging essence and as having an irreversible effect: \"The Three Jewels have the quality of excellence. Just as real jewels never change their faculty and goodness, whether praised or reviled, so are the Three Jewels (Refuges), because they have an eternal and immutable essence. These Three Jewels bring a fruition that is changeless, for once one has reached Buddhahood, there is no possibility of falling back to suffering."}], ["Dalam bahasa Noble Delapan Laluan, samyaksam\u0101dhi adalah \"tumpuan yang betul\". Cara utama untuk memupuk sam\u0101dhi adalah meditasi. Setelah pembangunan sam\u0101dhi, fikiran seseorang menjadi bersih dari kekotoran, tenang, tenang, dan bercahaya. <> Apa maksud perkataan samyaksamadhi? || konsentrasi yang betul <> Meditasi adalah cara utama untuk memupuk apa? || sam\u0101dhi <> Apabila pembangunan samadhi, seseorang menghilangkan apa? || kekotoran, tenang, tenang, dan bercahaya", {"qas": [{"question": "What does the word samyaksamadhi mean?", "id": "56d240dbb329da140004ec76", "answers": [{"text": "right concentration", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Meditation is the primary means of cultivating what?", "id": "56d240dbb329da140004ec77", "answers": [{"text": "sam\u0101dhi", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Upon development of samadhi, a person gets rid of what?", "id": "56d240dbb329da140004ec78", "answers": [{"text": "defilement, calm, tranquil, and luminous", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the language of the Noble Eightfold Path, samyaksam\u0101dhi is \"right concentration\". The primary means of cultivating sam\u0101dhi is meditation. Upon development of sam\u0101dhi, one's mind becomes purified of defilement, calm, tranquil, and luminous."}], ["Praj\u00f1\u0101 (Sanskrit) atau pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 (P\u0101li) bererti kebijaksanaan yang didasarkan pada kesadaran asal-usul yang bergantung, Empat Kebenaran Mulia dan tiga tanda kewujudan. Prajna adalah kebijaksanaan yang mampu memadamkan penderitaan dan membawa bodhi. Ia dikatakan sebagai cara utama untuk mencapai nirv\u0101\u1e47a, melalui penyataannya dari sifat sejati segala sesuatu sebagai dukkha (ketidakpuasan), anicca (tidak kekal) dan anatta (bukan diri). Praj\u00f1\u0101 juga disenaraikan sebagai keenam dari enam p\u0101ramit\u0101 Mahayana. <> Berapa banyak Kebenaran Mulia di sana? || Empat <> Prajna adalah wisom yang mampu memadamkan penderitaan dan membawa apa? || bodhi <> Apa yang disenaraikan sebagai keenam dari enam paramitas dari mahayana? || Praj\u00f1\u0101", {"qas": [{"question": "How many Noble Truths are there?", "id": "56d24619b329da140004ecbf", "answers": [{"text": "Four", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Prajna is the wisom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about what?", "id": "56d24619b329da140004ecc0", "answers": [{"text": "bodhi", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is listed as the sixth of the six paramitas of the mahayana?", "id": "56d24619b329da140004ecc1", "answers": [{"text": "Praj\u00f1\u0101", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Praj\u00f1\u0101 (Sanskrit) or pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 (P\u0101li) means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination, The Four Noble Truths and the three marks of existence. Praj\u00f1\u0101 is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi. It is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirv\u0101\u1e47a, through its revelation of the true nature of all things as dukkha (unsatisfactoriness), anicca (impermanence) and anatta (not-self). Praj\u00f1\u0101 is also listed as the sixth of the six p\u0101ramit\u0101s of the Mahayana."}], ["Buddhisme Zen (\u7985), diucapkan Ch\u00e1n dalam bahasa Cina, seon dalam bahasa Korea atau zen dalam bahasa Jepun (berasal dari istilah Sanskrit dhy\u0101na, yang bermaksud \"meditasi\") adalah bentuk Buddhisme yang menjadi popular di China, Korea dan Jepun dan yang menekankan penekanan khusus pada meditasi. [Nota 12] Zen meletakkan kurang penekanan pada kitab-kitab daripada beberapa bentuk agama Buddha dan lebih suka memberi tumpuan kepada terobosan rohani langsung kepada kebenaran. <> Zen Buddhisme dikenali sebagai apa di Korea? || seon <> Apakah bentuk buddhism yang memberi penekanan khusus pada meditasi? || Zen <> Apa bentuk agama Buddha yang kurang menekankan pada kitab suci? || Zen <> Zen memberi tumpuan kepada apa jenis penemuan? || rohani", {"qas": [{"question": "Zen Buddhism is known as what in Korea?", "id": "56d24773b329da140004ecd4", "answers": [{"text": "seon", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What form of buddhism lays special emphasis on meditation?", "id": "56d24773b329da140004ecd5", "answers": [{"text": "Zen", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What form of Buddhism places less emphasis on scriptures?", "id": "56d24773b329da140004ecd6", "answers": [{"text": "Zen", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Zen focuses on what type of breakthroughs?", "id": "56d24773b329da140004ecd7", "answers": [{"text": "spiritual", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Zen Buddhism (\u7985), pronounced Ch\u00e1n in Chinese, seon in Korean or zen in Japanese (derived from the Sanskrit term dhy\u0101na, meaning \"meditation\") is a form of Buddhism that became popular in China, Korea and Japan and that lays special emphasis on meditation.[note 12] Zen places less emphasis on scriptures than some other forms of Buddhism and prefers to focus on direct spiritual breakthroughs to truth."}], ["Di dalam Buddhisme Timur, terdapat juga Vinaya dan etika tersendiri yang terkandung dalam Sutra Mahayana Brahmajala (tidak boleh dikelirukan dengan teks Pali nama itu) untuk Bodhisattva, di mana, misalnya, makan daging disukai dan vegetarianisme secara aktif digalakkan (lihat vegetarianisme dalam Buddhisme). Di Jepun, ini telah hampir mengusir vinaya monastik, dan membolehkan pendeta untuk berkahwin. <> Vinaya yang tersendiri dan etika terkandung dalam sutra apa? || Mahayana Brahmajala <> Bodhisattva tidak digalakkan makan apa? || daging <> Di manakah pengasingan vinaya dan pendeta dibenarkan untuk berkahwin? || Jepun", {"qas": [{"question": "Distinctive Vinaya and ethics are contained within what sutra?", "id": "56d23eaeb329da140004ec54", "answers": [{"text": "Mahayana Brahmajala", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bodhisattvas are not encouraged to eat what?", "id": "56d23eaeb329da140004ec55", "answers": [{"text": "meat", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the monastic vinaya displaced and clergy is allowed to marry?", "id": "56d23eaeb329da140004ec57", "answers": [{"text": "Japan", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Eastern Buddhism, there is also a distinctive Vinaya and ethics contained within the Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra (not to be confused with the Pali text of that name) for Bodhisattvas, where, for example, the eating of meat is frowned upon and vegetarianism is actively encouraged (see vegetarianism in Buddhism). In Japan, this has almost completely displaced the monastic vinaya, and allows clergy to marry."}], ["Meditasi Samatha bermula dari pemikiran objek atau idea, yang diperluaskan ke tubuh, minda dan seluruh alam, yang membawa kepada keadaan tumpuan dan ketenangan (jh\u0101na). Terdapat banyak variasi dalam gaya meditasi, dari duduk bersilang atau berlutut untuk melaungkan atau berjalan. Kaedah meditasi yang paling biasa adalah menumpukan perhatian pada nafas seseorang (anapanasati), kerana amalan ini boleh membawa kepada samatha dan vipassana '. <> Samatha meditasi bermula dari pemikiran objek atau apa? || idea <> Apakah istilah untuk ketenangan? || jhana", {"qas": [{"question": "Samatha meditation starts from being mindful of an object or what?", "id": "56d24217b329da140004ec8a", "answers": [{"text": "idea", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term for tranquility?", "id": "56d24217b329da140004ec8b", "answers": [{"text": "jh\u0101na", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Samatha meditation starts from being mindful of an object or idea, which is expanded to one's body, mind and entire surroundings, leading to a state of total concentration and tranquility (jh\u0101na). There are many variations in the style of meditation, from sitting cross-legged or kneeling to chanting or walking. The most common method of meditation is to concentrate on one's breath (anapanasati), because this practice can lead to both samatha and vipassana'."}], ["Setelah meditator mencapai kepekatan kuat dan kuat (jh\u0101na, Sanskrit \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 dhy\u0101na), fikirannya siap untuk menembus dan memperoleh pemahaman (vipassan\u0101) ke dalam sifat utama realiti, akhirnya mendapatkan pembebasan dari semua penderitaan. Penanaman kesedaran adalah penting untuk kepekatan mental, yang diperlukan untuk mencapai pemahaman. <> Apakah kepekatan kuat yang dipanggil? || jh\u0101na <> Apakah istilah apabila minda bersedia untuk menembusi dan memperoleh pandangan? || vipassan\u0101 <> Kesedaran adalah penting untuk tumpuan, yang memerlukan untuk mencapai apa? || wawasan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is powerful concentration called?", "id": "56d2415fb329da140004ec7c", "answers": [{"text": "jh\u0101na", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term when the mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight?", "id": "56d2415fb329da140004ec7d", "answers": [{"text": "vipassan\u0101", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Mindfulness is essential to concentration, which is neede to achieve what?", "id": "56d2415fb329da140004ec7e", "answers": [{"text": "insight", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Once the meditator achieves a strong and powerful concentration (jh\u0101na, Sanskrit \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 dhy\u0101na), his mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight (vipassan\u0101) into the ultimate nature of reality, eventually obtaining release from all suffering. The cultivation of mindfulness is essential to mental concentration, which is needed to achieve insight."}], ["Pada mulanya, prajna dicapai pada tahap konseptual dengan cara mendengar khutbah (ceramah dharma), membaca, belajar, dan kadang-kadang membaca teks-teks Buddha dan terlibat dalam wacana. Apabila pemahaman konseptual dicapai, ia digunakan untuk kehidupan seharian sehingga setiap Buddha dapat mengesahkan kebenaran pengajaran Buddha pada tahap praktikal. Yang penting, seseorang boleh secara teori mencapai Nirvana di mana-mana amalan, sama ada mendalam dalam meditasi, mendengar khotbah, menjalankan perniagaan kehidupan seharian, atau aktiviti lain. <> Pada mulanya prajna dicapai pada tahap konseptual dengan cara mendengar apa? || khotbah <> Secara teorinya kapan seseorang boleh mencapai Nirvana semasa amalan? || pada bila-bila masa <> Apa yang boleh digunakan untuk kehidupan seharian apabila ia dicapai? || pemahaman konseptual", {"qas": [{"question": "Initially prajna is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to what?", "id": "56d246e7b329da140004ecce", "answers": [{"text": "sermons", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In theory when can one attain Nirvana during practice?", "id": "56d246e7b329da140004eccf", "answers": [{"text": "at any point", "answer_start": 394}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can be applied to daily life once it is attained?", "id": "56d246e7b329da140004ecd0", "answers": [{"text": "conceptual understanding", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Initially, praj\u00f1\u0101 is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to sermons (dharma talks), reading, studying, and sometimes reciting Buddhist texts and engaging in discourse. Once the conceptual understanding is attained, it is applied to daily life so that each Buddhist can verify the truth of the Buddha's teaching at a practical level. Notably, one could in theory attain Nirvana at any point of practice, whether deep in meditation, listening to a sermon, conducting the business of one's daily life, or any other activity."}], ["Dalam amalan Buddhis, dikatakan bahawa sementara meditasi samatha dapat menenangkan fikiran, hanya meditasi vipassan\u0101 dapat mengungkapkan bagaimana pikiran itu terganggu untuk dimulakan, yang membawa kepada pengetahuan pemahaman (jana Pali Nata) dan pemahaman (praja P\u0101li pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101) , dan dengan itu boleh menyebabkan nirv\u0101na (P\u0101li nibb\u0101na). Apabila seseorang berada di jhana, semua kekotoran ditindas buat sementara waktu. Hanya pemahaman (praj\u00f1\u0101 atau vipassana) membasmi kekotoran sepenuhnya. Jhanas juga menyatakan bahawa Arahat mematuhi untuk berehat. <> Dalam Buddhisme, meditasi samatha dapat menenangkan apa? || minda <> Vipassana meditasi boleh mendedahkan bagaimana minda itu apa? || terganggu <> Apakah istilah untuk pengetahuan wawasan? || j\u00f1\u0101na <> Apakah istilah untuk memahami? || praj\u00f1\u0101 <> Apa yang membasmi kekotoran sepenuhnya? || pemahaman", {"qas": [{"question": "In Buddhism, samatha meditation can calm the what?", "id": "56d2429fb329da140004ec92", "answers": [{"text": "mind", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Vipassana meditation can reveal how the mind was what?", "id": "56d2429fb329da140004ec93", "answers": [{"text": "disturbed", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term for insight knowledge?", "id": "56d2429fb329da140004ec94", "answers": [{"text": "j\u00f1\u0101na", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term for understanding?", "id": "56d2429fb329da140004ec95", "answers": [{"text": "praj\u00f1\u0101", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What eradicates the defilements completely?", "id": "56d2429fb329da140004ec96", "answers": [{"text": "understanding", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Buddhist practice, it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind, only vipassan\u0101 meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with, which is what leads to insight knowledge (j\u00f1\u0101na; P\u0101li \u00f1\u0101\u1e47a) and understanding (praj\u00f1\u0101 P\u0101li pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101), and thus can lead to nirv\u0101\u1e47a (P\u0101li nibb\u0101na). When one is in jhana, all defilements are suppressed temporarily. Only understanding (praj\u00f1\u0101 or vipassana) eradicates the defilements completely. Jhanas are also states that Arahants abide in order to rest."}], ["Dalam Buddhisme Therav\u0101da, penyebab kewujudan dan penderitaan manusia dikenal pasti sebagai keinginan, yang membawa pelbagai pencemaran itu. Berbagai kekotoran ini secara tradisional disimpulkan sebagai tamak, kebencian dan khayalan. Ini dipercayai penderitaan minda yang mendalam yang menimbulkan penderitaan dan tekanan. Untuk bebas daripada penderitaan dan tekanan, kekotoran ini harus dibuang secara kekal melalui penyiasatan dalaman, menganalisis, mengalami, dan memahami sifat sebenar kekotoran tersebut dengan menggunakan jhana, teknik Jalan Mulia Lapan. Ia kemudiannya membawa meditator untuk merealisasikan Kebenaran Empat Noble, Pencerahan dan Nibbana. Nibbana adalah matlamat akhir Theravadins. <> Dalam Buddhisme Theravada, apakah punca kewujudan manusia dan penderitaan? || keinginan <> Apa keinginan yang dibawa dengannya? || kekotoran <> Kesalahan yang mendalam dari pikiran membuat apa? || penderitaan dan tekanan <> Apakah matlamat utama untuk Theravadins? || Nibbana", {"qas": [{"question": "In Theravada Buddhism, what is the cause of human existence and suffering?", "id": "56d244ddb329da140004ecb0", "answers": [{"text": "craving", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does craving carry with it?", "id": "56d244ddb329da140004ecb1", "answers": [{"text": "defilements", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Deeply rooted afflictions of the mind create what?", "id": "56d244ddb329da140004ecb3", "answers": [{"text": "suffering and stress", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the ultimate goal for Theravadins?", "id": "56d244ddb329da140004ecb4", "answers": [{"text": "Nibb\u0101na", "answer_start": 652}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Therav\u0101da Buddhism, the cause of human existence and suffering is identified as craving, which carries with it the various defilements. These various defilements are traditionally summed up as greed, hatred and delusion. These are believed deeply rooted afflictions of the mind that create suffering and stress. To be free from suffering and stress, these defilements must be permanently uprooted through internal investigation, analyzing, experiencing, and understanding of the true nature of those defilements by using jh\u0101na, a technique of the Noble Eightfold Path. It then leads the meditator to realize the Four Noble Truths, Enlightenment and Nibb\u0101na. Nibb\u0101na is the ultimate goal of Theravadins."}], ["Meditasi Buddha pada dasarnya adalah berkenaan dengan dua tema: mengubah minda dan menggunakannya untuk meneroka sendiri dan fenomena lain. Menurut Buddhisme Theravada Buddha mengajar dua jenis meditasi, meditasi samatha (Sanskrit: \u015bamatha) dan meditasi vipassan\u0101 (Sanskrit: vipa\u015byan\u0101). Dalam Buddhisme China, ini wujud (diterjemahkan chih kuan), tetapi meditasi Chan (Zen) lebih popular. Menurut Peter Harvey, bilamana Buddha telah sihat, bukan hanya rahib, biarawati, dan lamas yang sudah berkahwin, tetapi juga orang awam yang lebih komited telah melakukan meditasi. Menurut Routledge's Encyclopedia of Buddhism, sebaliknya, sepanjang sebagian besar sejarah Buddha sebelum zaman moden, meditasi serius oleh orang awam telah luar biasa. Bukti dari teks-teks awal menunjukkan bahawa pada masa Buddha, banyak pengamal lelaki dan wanita berlatih meditasi, ada yang bahkan sampai ke tahap kemahiran dalam semua lapan jh\u0101nas (lihat bahagian seterusnya mengenai perkara ini) [note 11] < > Dalam Buddhisme Cina apa meditasi lebih popular? || Zen <> Bukti telah menunjukkan beberapa orang awam mendapat kemahiran dalam semua lapan apa? || jh\u0101nas", {"qas": [{"question": "In Chinese Buddhism what meditation is more popular?", "id": "56d24042b329da140004ec6a", "answers": [{"text": "Zen", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Evidence has shown some lay people got to proficiency in all eight what?", "id": "56d24042b329da140004ec6c", "answers": [{"text": "jh\u0101nas", "answer_start": 926}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Buddhist meditation is fundamentally concerned with two themes: transforming the mind and using it to explore itself and other phenomena. According to Theravada Buddhism the Buddha taught two types of meditation, samatha meditation (Sanskrit: \u015bamatha) and vipassan\u0101 meditation (Sanskrit: vipa\u015byan\u0101). In Chinese Buddhism, these exist (translated chih kuan), but Ch\u00e1n (Zen) meditation is more popular. According to Peter Harvey, whenever Buddhism has been healthy, not only monks, nuns, and married lamas, but also more committed lay people have practiced meditation. According to Routledge's Encyclopedia of Buddhism, in contrast, throughout most of Buddhist history before modern times, serious meditation by lay people has been unusual. The evidence of the early texts suggests that at the time of the Buddha, many male and female lay practitioners did practice meditation, some even to the point of proficiency in all eight jh\u0101nas (see the next section regarding these).[note 11]"}], ["Buddhisme Zen dibahagikan kepada dua buah sekolah utama: Rinzai (\u6e08 \u5b97 \u5b97) dan S\u014dt\u014d (\u66f9\u6d1e\u5b97), yang pertama sekali mengutamakan penggunaan meditasi pada koan (\u516c\u6848, teka-teki meditasi atau teka-teki) sebagai alat untuk pemisahan rohani, dan Kedua (walaupun sudah tentu menggunakan koans) lebih fokus pada shikantaza atau \"hanya duduk\". [Nota 13] <> Buddha Zen dibahagikan kepada berapa banyak sekolah utama? || dua sekolah yang Zen suka menggunakan meditasi di koan untuk kejayaan rohani? || Rinzai", {"qas": [{"question": "Zen Buddhism is divided into how many main schools?", "id": "56d2485bb329da140004ece0", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which schools of Zen likes the use of meditation on the koan for spiritual breakthroughs?", "id": "56d2485bb329da140004ece2", "answers": [{"text": "Rinzai", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Zen Buddhism is divided into two main schools: Rinzai (\u81e8\u6e08\u5b97) and S\u014dt\u014d (\u66f9\u6d1e\u5b97), the former greatly favouring the use in meditation on the koan (\u516c\u6848, a meditative riddle or puzzle) as a device for spiritual break-through, and the latter (while certainly employing koans) focusing more on shikantaza or \"just sitting\".[note 13]"}], ["Maklumat ajaran tertua boleh didapati dengan menganalisis teks tertua. Satu kaedah untuk mendapatkan maklumat mengenai teras Buddhisme tertua adalah membandingkan versi lama Theravadin Pali Canon dan teks-teks lain. [Nota 27] Kebolehpercayaan sumber-sumber ini, dan kemungkinan untuk mengeluarkan inti dari ajaran tertua, adalah [persoalan pertikaian] [halaman yang diperlukan] [halaman diperlukan] [halaman diperlukan] Menurut Vetter, ketidakkonsistenan kekal, dan kaedah lain mesti digunakan untuk menyelesaikan ketidaksesuaian itu. [Nota 28] <> Apa yang dipertikaikan penyelidikan ke teras ajaran? || Kebolehpercayaan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is in dispute regarding the research into the core of the teachings?", "id": "56d25056b329da140004ed51", "answers": [{"text": "The reliability", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Information of the oldest teachings may be obtained by analysis of the oldest texts. One method to obtain information on the oldest core of Buddhism is to compare the oldest extant versions of the Theravadin Pali Canon and other texts.[note 27] The reliability of these sources, and the possibility to draw out a core of oldest teachings, is a matter of dispute.[page needed][page needed][page needed][page needed] According to Vetter, inconsistencies remain, and other methods must be applied to resolve those inconsistencies.[note 28]"}], ["Masalah teras dalam kajian Buddhisme awal adalah hubungan antara dhyana dan wawasan. Schmithausen, dalam artikelnya yang sering disebutkan Pada Beberapa Aspek Deskripsi atau Teori 'Membebaskan Insight' dan 'Pencerahan' dalam Buddhisme Awal mencatatkan bahawa menyebutkan empat kebenaran mulia sebagai \"wawasan yang membebaskan\", yang dicapai setelah menguasai Rupa Jhanas, adalah tambahan pada teks seperti Majjhima Nikaya 36. [halaman diperlukan] <> Masalah besar dalam kajian Buddhisme awal adalah hubungan dhyana dan apa lagi? || wawasan <> Membebaskan wawasan dicapai setelah menguasai apa? || Rupa Jhanas <> Kemudian edisi teks seperti apa yang ada Rupa Jhanas? || Majjhima Nikaya", {"qas": [{"question": "A large problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relationship of dhyana and what else?", "id": "56d25b1c59d6e41400145eea", "answers": [{"text": "insight", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Liberating insight is attained after mastering what?", "id": "56d25b1c59d6e41400145eeb", "answers": [{"text": "Rupa Jhanas", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Later edition of texts such as what has the Rupa Jhanas?", "id": "56d25b1c59d6e41400145eec", "answers": [{"text": "Majjhima Nikaya", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting \"liberating insight\", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[page needed]"}], ["Bruce Matthews menyatakan bahawa tidak ada pembentangan karma yang sepadan dalam Sutta Pitaka, yang mungkin bermaksud bahawa doktrin itu bersampingan dengan perspektif utama soteriologi Buddha awal. Schmithausen adalah seorang ulama terkenal yang mempersoalkan sama ada karma sudah memainkan peranan dalam teori kelahiran semula Buddhisme terawal. [Halaman diperlukan] [nota 32] Menurut Vetter, \"Buddha pada mulanya mencari\" yang tidak mati \"(amata / amrta) , yang berkenaan dengan yang ada di sini dan sekarang Menurut Vetter, hanya selepas kesedaran ini dia mengenali doktrin kelahiran semula. \" Bronkhorst tidak bersetuju, dan menyimpulkan bahawa Sang Buddha \"memperkenalkan konsep karma yang jauh berbeza dari pandangan yang sering dipertahankan pada waktunya.\" Menurut Bronkhorst, bukan aktiviti fizikal dan mental seperti itu dilihat sebagai bertanggungjawab untuk kelahiran semula, tetapi niat dan keinginan. <> Menurut Bronkhorst, niat dan hasrat bertanggungjawab untuk apa? || kelahiran semula <> Bronkhurst mengatakan bahawa Buddha mempunyai pandangan tentang 'apa yang jauh berbeza hari itu? || karma", {"qas": [{"question": "According the Bronkhorst, intentions and desire are responsible for what?", "id": "56d25ee359d6e41400145f0c", "answers": [{"text": "rebirth", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bronkhurst says that Buddha had a view of 'what' much different then current day?", "id": "56d25ee359d6e41400145f0d", "answers": [{"text": "karma", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bruce Matthews notes that there is no cohesive presentation of karma in the Sutta Pitaka, which may mean that the doctrine was incidental to the main perspective of early Buddhist soteriology. Schmithausen is a notable scholar who has questioned whether karma already played a role in the theory of rebirth of earliest Buddhism.[page needed][note 32] According to Vetter, \"the Buddha at first sought \"the deathless\" (amata/amrta), which is concerned with the here and now. According to Vetter, only after this realization did he become acquainted with the doctrine of rebirth.\" Bronkhorst disagrees, and concludes that the Buddha \"introduced a concept of karma that differed considerably from the commonly held views of his time.\" According to Bronkhorst, not physical and mental activities as such were seen as responsible for rebirth, but intentions and desire."}], ["Pandangan ini disokong oleh kajian di rantau ini di mana pendapat-pendapat ini berasal. Buddhisme muncul di Magadha yang lebih besar, yang membentang dari Sravasti, ibu kota Kosala di barat laut, ke Rajagrha di tenggara. Tanah ini, di timur aryavarta, tanah Aryas, diiktiraf sebagai bukan Veda. Teks-teks Vedic lain mendedahkan tidak suka kepada orang-orang Magadha, dalam semua kebarangkalian kerana Magadhas pada masa ini tidak Brahmanised. [Halaman dibutuhkan] Tidak sampai ke abad ke-2 atau ke-3 BCE yang menyebarkan ke arah timur Brahmanisme ke Greater Magadha menjadi signifikan . Idea yang dibangunkan di Magadha Besar sebelum ini tidak tertakluk kepada pengaruh Veda. Ini termasuk kelahiran semula dan hukuman karma yang muncul dalam beberapa pergerakan di Magadha Besar, termasuk Buddhisme. Pergerakan ini mewarisi tanggapan kelahiran semula dan penghukuman karma dari budaya terdahulu [halaman diperlukan] <> Buddhisme muncul di kawasan apa? || Magadha Greater <> Magadha Greater terbentang dari Sravasti di utara-barat ke kawasan apa di selatan-timur? || Rajagrha <> Berapa tempoh masa penyebaran Brahmanisme ke timur? || Abad ke-2 atau ke-3", {"qas": [{"question": "Buddhism arose in what area?", "id": "56d24c8bb329da140004ed19", "answers": [{"text": "Greater Magadha", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Greater magadha stretched from Sravasti in the north-west to what area in the south-east?", "id": "56d24c8bb329da140004ed1a", "answers": [{"text": "Rajagrha", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What time period did the eastward spread of Brahmanism start?", "id": "56d24c8bb329da140004ed1b", "answers": [{"text": "2nd or 3rd centuries", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "This view is supported by a study of the region where these notions originated. Buddhism arose in Greater Magadha, which stretched from Sravasti, the capital of Kosala in the north-west, to Rajagrha in the south east. This land, to the east of aryavarta, the land of the Aryas, was recognized as non-Vedic. Other Vedic texts reveal a dislike of the people of Magadha, in all probability because the Magadhas at this time were not Brahmanised.[page needed] It was not until the 2nd or 3rd centuries BCE that the eastward spread of Brahmanism into Greater Magadha became significant. Ideas that developed in Greater Magadha prior to this were not subject to Vedic influence. These include rebirth and karmic retribution that appear in a number of movements in Greater Magadha, including Buddhism. These movements inherited notions of rebirth and karmic retribution from an earlier culture[page needed]"}], ["Ajaran Buddha Zen seringkali penuh paradoks, untuk melonggarkan cengkaman ego dan memudahkan penembusan ke dalam alam Diri Sejati atau Diri Tidak Berubah, yang disamakan dengan Buddha sendiri. [Nota 14] Menurut master Zen Kosho Uchiyama, apabila pemikiran dan penekanan pada \"I\" kecil melampaui, Kebangkitan terhadap Diri yang universal, tanpa Dwi berlaku: \"Apabila kita melepaskan pemikiran dan bangun terhadap realiti kehidupan yang bekerja di luar mereka, kita temukan Diri yang hidup sejagat tanpa hayat sejagat (sebelum pemisahan menjadi dua) yang merangkumi semua makhluk hidup dan segala kewujudannya. \" Oleh itu, pemikiran dan pemikiran tidak dibenarkan untuk mengurung dan mengikat satu. <> Apa ajaran Buddha sering penuh paradoks? || Zen <> Apa jenis diri disamakan dengan Buddha? || Benar Diri <> Apa yang tidak dibenarkan untuk mengurung dan mengikat diri? || Pemikiran dan pemikiran", {"qas": [{"question": "What Buddhist teachings are often full of paradox?", "id": "56d249a4b329da140004ecf1", "answers": [{"text": "Zen", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of self is equated with the Buddha?", "id": "56d249a4b329da140004ecf3", "answers": [{"text": "True Self", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is not allowed to confine and bind oneself?", "id": "56d249a4b329da140004ecf4", "answers": [{"text": "Thinking and thought", "answer_start": 615}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Zen Buddhist teaching is often full of paradox, in order to loosen the grip of the ego and to facilitate the penetration into the realm of the True Self or Formless Self, which is equated with the Buddha himself.[note 14] According to Zen master Kosho Uchiyama, when thoughts and fixation on the little \"I\" are transcended, an Awakening to a universal, non-dual Self occurs: \"When we let go of thoughts and wake up to the reality of life that is working beyond them, we discover the Self that is living universal non-dual life (before the separation into two) that pervades all living creatures and all existence.\" Thinking and thought must therefore not be allowed to confine and bind one."}], ["Satu kritikan tertentu terhadap Buddha adalah pengorbanan haiwan Veda. [Web 18] Dia juga mengejek Veda \"hymn manusia kosmik\". Walau bagaimanapun, Buddha bukan anti-Veda, dan menyatakan bahawa Veda dalam bentuknya yang sebenar telah diisytiharkan oleh \"Kashyapa\" kepada rishis tertentu, yang oleh penentangan yang teruk telah memperoleh kuasa untuk melihat dengan mata ilahi. Dia menyebutkan rishis Vedic, dan menyatakan bahawa Veda asal rishis [nota 25] diubah oleh beberapa Brahmana yang memperkenalkan pengorbanan binatang. Sang Buddha mengatakan bahawa pada pengubahan Veda sejati itu ia menolak untuk menghormati Vedas pada zamannya. Walau bagaimanapun, beliau tidak mengecam kesatuan dengan Brahman, [26] atau idea diri bersatu dengan Diri. Pada masa yang sama, Hindu tradisional sendiri secara beransur-ansur menjalani perubahan mendalam, mengubahnya menjadi apa yang dikenali sebagai Hinduisme awal. <> Satu kritikan yang diberikan oleh Buddha terhadap haiwan? || Pengorbanan haiwan Vedic <> Buddha mengejek apa yang dipanggil Veda? || nyanyian manusia kosmik <> Veda asal rishis diubah oleh beberapa orang Brahmana yang memperkenalkan apa? || korban binatang <> Buddha enggan memberi penghormatan kepada siapa, semasa pengorbanan binatang mereka? || Vedas", {"qas": [{"question": "A criticism the Buddha gave dealing with animals was?", "id": "56d24f27b329da140004ed47", "answers": [{"text": "Vedic animal sacrifice", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Buddha mocked what hymn of the Vedic?", "id": "56d24f27b329da140004ed48", "answers": [{"text": "hymn of the cosmic man", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The original Veda of the rishis was altered by a few Brahmins who introduced what?", "id": "56d24f27b329da140004ed49", "answers": [{"text": "animal sacrifices", "answer_start": 454}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Buddha refused to pay respect to who, during their time of animal sacrifice?", "id": "56d24f27b329da140004ed4a", "answers": [{"text": "Vedas", "answer_start": 575}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A particular criticism of the Buddha was Vedic animal sacrifice.[web 18] He also mocked the Vedic \"hymn of the cosmic man\". However, the Buddha was not anti-Vedic, and declared that the Veda in its true form was declared by \"Kashyapa\" to certain rishis, who by severe penances had acquired the power to see by divine eyes. He names the Vedic rishis, and declared that the original Veda of the rishis[note 25] was altered by a few Brahmins who introduced animal sacrifices. The Buddha says that it was on this alteration of the true Veda that he refused to pay respect to the Vedas of his time. However, he did not denounce the union with Brahman,[note 26] or the idea of the self uniting with the Self. At the same time, the traditional Hindu itself gradually underwent profound changes, transforming it into what is recognized as early Hinduism."}], ["Secara sejarah, akar Buddhisme terletak pada pemikiran keagamaan India purba pada pertengahan kedua milenium pertama BCE. Itulah tempoh pergolakan sosial dan agama, kerana terdapat ketidakpuasan yang signifikan dengan pengorbanan dan ritual Vedic Brahmanisme. [Nota 15] Ia dicabar oleh banyak kumpulan agama dan falsafah pertapa baru yang baru dan ajaran yang memecah tradisi Brahmanik dan menolak pihak berkuasa Vedas dan Brahmans. [Nota 16] Kumpulan-kumpulan ini, yang anggotanya dikenali sebagai shramanas, merupakan kesinambungan keturunan bukan Veda pemikiran India yang berbeza dari Brahmanisme Indo-Aryan [nota 17] Para ulama mempunyai alasan untuk percaya bahawa gagasan-gagasan seperti samsara, karma (dalam pengertian pengaruh moralitas pada kelahiran semula), dan moksha berasal dari shramanas, dan kemudian diadopsi oleh orthodoksi Brahmin. [note 18] [note 19] [note 20] [note 21 ] [note 22] [note 23] <> Berapa tempoh masa adalah permulaan agama Buddha? || Separuh kedua milenium pertama BCE <> Ulama percaya bahawa karma berasal dari apa? || the shramanas <> Apa kumpulan yang pecah dengan tradisi Brahmanik? || shramanas <> Shramanas adalah kesinambungan dari apa jenis trand pemikiran India? || bukan Veda", {"qas": [{"question": "What time period was the beginning of Buddhism?", "id": "56d24b65b329da140004ed11", "answers": [{"text": "second half of the first millennium BCE", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Scholars believe that karma originated in what?", "id": "56d24b65b329da140004ed12", "answers": [{"text": "the shramanas", "answer_start": 788}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What groups broke with Brahmanic tradition?", "id": "56d24b65b329da140004ed13", "answers": [{"text": "shramanas", "answer_start": 523}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Shramanas were a continuation of what type of trand of Indian thought?", "id": "56d24b65b329da140004ed14", "answers": [{"text": "non-Vedic", "answer_start": 559}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Historically, the roots of Buddhism lie in the religious thought of ancient India during the second half of the first millennium BCE. That was a period of social and religious turmoil, as there was significant discontent with the sacrifices and rituals of Vedic Brahmanism.[note 15] It was challenged by numerous new ascetic religious and philosophical groups and teachings that broke with the Brahmanic tradition and rejected the authority of the Vedas and the Brahmans.[note 16] These groups, whose members were known as shramanas, were a continuation of a non-Vedic strand of Indian thought distinct from Indo-Aryan Brahmanism.[note 17] Scholars have reasons to believe that ideas such as samsara, karma (in the sense of the influence of morality on rebirth), and moksha originated in the shramanas, and were later adopted by Brahmin orthodoxy.[note 18][note 19][note 20][note 21][note 22][note 23]"}], ["Walaupun berdasarkan Mahayana, Buddhisme Tibeto-Mongol adalah salah satu sekolah yang mengamalkan Vajrayana atau \"Kenderaan Berlian\" (juga disebut sebagai Mantrayana, Tantrayana, Buddhisme Tantrik, atau Buddhisme esoteris). Ia menerima semua konsep asas Mah\u0101y\u0101na, tetapi juga termasuk pelbagai teknik spiritual dan fizikal yang dirancang untuk meningkatkan amalan Buddhis. Buddhisme tantrik adalah sebahagian besarnya berkaitan dengan amalan ritual dan meditasi. Salah satu komponen Vajrayana adalah memanfaatkan tenaga psiko-fizikal melalui ritual, visualisasi, latihan fizikal, dan meditasi sebagai cara untuk mengembangkan minda. Menggunakan teknik ini, dikatakan bahawa seorang pengamal dapat mencapai Buddhahood dalam masa seumur hidup, atau sekurang-kurangnya tiga tahun. Dalam tradisi Tibet, amalan ini boleh merangkumi yoga seksual, walaupun hanya untuk beberapa pengamal yang sangat maju. <> Apakah jenis Buddhisme Tibeto-Mongolia berdasarkan? || Mahayana <> Apakah istilah Inggeris untuk Vajrayana? || Kenderaan Berlian <> Apakah jenis agama Buddha yang berkaitan dengan amalan ritual dan meditasi? || Tantric <> Psycho-fizikal tenaga dimanfaatkan melalui apa? || upacara", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of Buddhism is Tibeto-Mongolian based on?", "id": "56d24a6fb329da140004ecfd", "answers": [{"text": "Mahayana", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the English term for Vajrayana?", "id": "56d24a6fb329da140004ecfe", "answers": [{"text": "Diamond Vehicle", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of Buddhism is concerned with ritual and meditative practices?", "id": "56d24a6fb329da140004ecff", "answers": [{"text": "Tantric", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Psycho-physical energy is harnessed through what?", "id": "56d24a6fb329da140004ed00", "answers": [{"text": "ritual", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Though based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or \"Diamond Vehicle\" (also referred to as Mantray\u0101na, Tantray\u0101na, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism). It accepts all the basic concepts of Mah\u0101y\u0101na, but also includes a vast array of spiritual and physical techniques designed to enhance Buddhist practice. Tantric Buddhism is largely concerned with ritual and meditative practices. One component of the Vajray\u0101na is harnessing psycho-physical energy through ritual, visualization, physical exercises, and meditation as a means of developing the mind. Using these techniques, it is claimed that a practitioner can achieve Buddhahood in one lifetime, or even as little as three years. In the Tibetan tradition, these practices can include sexual yoga, though only for some very advanced practitioners."}], ["Pada masa yang sama, pergerakan ini dipengaruhi oleh, dan dalam beberapa aspek diteruskan, pemikiran falsafah dalam tradisi Veda seperti yang digambarkan misalnya. dalam Upanishad. Pergerakan ini termasuk, selain Buddhisme, pelbagai skeptis (seperti Sanjaya Belatthiputta), atomis (seperti Pakudha Kaccayana), materialis (seperti Ajita Kesakambali), antinomian (seperti Purana Kassapa); yang paling penting pada abad ke-5 BCE adalah Ajivikas, yang menekankan tentang peraturan nasib, Lokayata (materialis), Ajnanas (agnostik) dan Jains, yang menekankan bahawa jiwa itu harus dibebaskan dari perkara. Banyak pergerakan baru ini berkongsi kosa kata konseptual yang sama-atman (\"Diri\"), buddha (\"terbangun\"), dhamma (\"aturan\" atau \"hukum\"), karma (\"tindakan\"), nirvana (\"pemadaman\" , samsara (\"pengulangan abadi\") dan yoga (\"amalan kerohanian\"). [Nota 24] Orang-orang shrama menolak Veda, dan kuasa brahmana, yang mendakwa mereka memiliki kebenaran yang tidak diketahui oleh mana-mana cara manusia biasa. Lebih-lebih lagi, mereka mengisytiharkan bahawa seluruh sistem Brahmanik adalah penipuan: konspirasi para brahmana untuk memperkayakan diri mereka dengan mengenakan yuran yang terlalu tinggi untuk melakukan upacara palsu dan memberikan nasihat yang tidak berguna. <> Pergerakan telah dipengaruhi oleh pemikiran falsafah dalam tradisi Veda seperti apa? || dalam Upanishads <> Pergerakan termasuk atomis seperti apa? || Pakudha Kaccayana <> Apakah istilah untuk agnostik? || Ajnanas <> Gerakan mana yang memberi tumpuan kepada idea bahawa jiwa mesti dibebaskan daripada perkara? || Jains", {"qas": [{"question": "Movements were influenced by philosophical thought within the Vedic tradition such as what?", "id": "56d24e17b329da140004ed33", "answers": [{"text": "in the Upanishads", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The movement included atomists such as what?", "id": "56d24e17b329da140004ed34", "answers": [{"text": "Pakudha Kaccayana", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term for agnostics?", "id": "56d24e17b329da140004ed36", "answers": [{"text": "Ajnanas", "answer_start": 516}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What movement focused on the idea that the sould must be freed from matter?", "id": "56d24e17b329da140004ed37", "answers": [{"text": "Jains", "answer_start": 544}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At the same time, these movements were influenced by, and in some respects continued, philosophical thought within the Vedic tradition as reflected e.g. in the Upanishads. These movements included, besides Buddhism, various skeptics (such as Sanjaya Belatthiputta), atomists (such as Pakudha Kaccayana), materialists (such as Ajita Kesakambali), antinomians (such as Purana Kassapa); the most important ones in the 5th century BCE were the Ajivikas, who emphasized the rule of fate, the Lokayata (materialists), the Ajnanas (agnostics) and the Jains, who stressed that the soul must be freed from matter. Many of these new movements shared the same conceptual vocabulary\u2014atman (\"Self\"), buddha (\"awakened one\"), dhamma (\"rule\" or \"law\"), karma (\"action\"), nirvana (\"extinguishing\"), samsara (\"eternal recurrence\") and yoga (\"spiritual practice\").[note 24] The shramanas rejected the Veda, and the authority of the brahmans, who claimed they possessed revealed truths not knowable by any ordinary human means. Moreover, they declared that the entire Brahmanical system was fraudulent: a conspiracy of the brahmans to enrich themselves by charging exorbitant fees to perform bogus rites and give useless advice."}], ["Tiga tanda kewujudan mungkin mencerminkan Upanishadic atau pengaruh lain. K.R. Norman menganggap bahawa istilah-istilah ini telah digunakan pada masa Buddha, dan menjadi pendengar kepada pendengarnya. <> Berapa banyak tanda kewujudan mencerminkan pengaruh Upanishadic? || tiga", {"qas": [{"question": "How many marks of existence reflect Upanishadic influences?", "id": "56d2647159d6e41400145f58", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The three marks of existence may reflect Upanishadic or other influences. K.R. Norman supposes that the these terms were already in use at the Buddha's time, and were familiair to his hearers."}], ["Menurut Vetter, perihalan jalan Buddha pada mulanya semudah istilah \"jalan tengah\". Dalam masa yang singkat, penerangan ringkas ini diterangkan, yang menghasilkan penerangan laluan lapan kali. <> Penerangan mengenai jalan Buddha mungkin semudah yang termaksud? || jalan tengah <> Penerangan tentang buddhism diperluaskan sehingga menghasilkan jalan apa? || lapan kali ganda", {"qas": [{"question": "A description of the Buddhist path may have been as simplistic as what term?", "id": "56d260ee59d6e41400145f2c", "answers": [{"text": "the middle way", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The description of buddhism was broadened resulting in what path?", "id": "56d260ee59d6e41400145f2d", "answers": [{"text": "eightfold", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to Vetter, the description of the Buddhist path may initially have been as simple as the term \"the middle way\". In time, this short description was elaborated, resulting in the description of the eightfold path."}], ["Walaupun \"Nibb\u0101na\" (Sanskrit: Nirvana) adalah istilah biasa untuk matlamat yang dikehendaki dari amalan ini, banyak istilah lain boleh didapati di seluruh Nikaya, yang tidak ditentukan. [Nota 35] <> Apakah bentuk Sanskrit Nibbana? || Nirvana <> Banyak istilah untuk Nibbana dapat dijumpai sepanjang apa? || Nikayas <> Tujuan yang dikehendaki untuk buddhisme adalah apa? || Nirvana", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Sanskrit form of Nibbana?", "id": "56d2606959d6e41400145f1e", "answers": [{"text": "Nirv\u0101na", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Many terms for Nibbana can be found throughout the what?", "id": "56d2606959d6e41400145f1f", "answers": [{"text": "Nikayas", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The desired goal for buddhism is what?", "id": "56d2606959d6e41400145f20", "answers": [{"text": "Nirv\u0101na", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although \"Nibb\u0101na\" (Sanskrit: Nirv\u0101na) is the common term for the desired goal of this practice, many other terms can be found throughout the Nikayas, which are not specified.[note 35]"}], ["Menurut Tilmann Vetter, teras Buddhisme terawal adalah amalan dhyan. Bronkhorst bersetuju bahawa dhyana adalah ciptaan Buddha, sedangkan Norman mencatat bahawa \"cara Buddha untuk melepaskan [...] adalah melalui amalan meditasi.\" Wawasan yang mendiskriminasi ke arah pengungsian sebagai jalan yang terpisah untuk pembebasan adalah perkembangan kemudian. <> Apakah jenis Buddhisme terawal? || dhyana <> Cara Buddha untuk dibebaskan adalah dengan cara apa jenis amalan? || meditatif", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the earliest Buddhism type?", "id": "56d25f6e59d6e41400145f14", "answers": [{"text": "dhyana", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Buddha's way to release was by means of what type of practices? ", "id": "56d25f6e59d6e41400145f15", "answers": [{"text": "meditative", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to Tilmann Vetter, the core of earliest Buddhism is the practice of dhy\u0101na. Bronkhorst agrees that dhyana was a Buddhist invention, whereas Norman notes that \"the Buddha's way to release [...] was by means of meditative practices.\" Discriminating insight into transiency as a separate path to liberation was a later development."}], ["Sejarah Buddhisme India boleh dibahagikan kepada lima tempoh: Buddhisme Awal (kadang-kadang dipanggil Buddhisme Pra-Sektarian), Buddhisme Nikaya atau Budha Sektarian: Masa Buddha awal, Budidaya Mahayana Awal, Budha Mahayana, dan Buddhisme Esoterik (juga yang dipanggil Vajrayana Buddhisme). <> Tempoh Buddhisma di India dibahagikan kepada berapa tempoh? || lima <> Apakah tempoh pertama Buddha dipanggil? || Buddhisme Awal <> Apakah nama lain untuk buddhisme Nikaya? || Sektarian <> Apakah tempoh terakhir Buddhisme? || Buddhisme Esoterik <> Apakah Buddhisme Esoterik juga dipanggil? || Vajrayana", {"qas": [{"question": "The periods of Buddhisma in India is divided into how many periods?", "id": "56d2652a59d6e41400145f5a", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the first period of Buddhism called?", "id": "56d2652a59d6e41400145f5b", "answers": [{"text": "Early Buddhism", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for Nikaya buddhism?", "id": "56d2652a59d6e41400145f5c", "answers": [{"text": "Sectarian", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the last period of Buddhism?", "id": "56d2652a59d6e41400145f5d", "answers": [{"text": "Esoteric Buddhism", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Esoteric Buddhism also called?", "id": "56d2652a59d6e41400145f5e", "answers": [{"text": "Vajrayana", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The history of Indian Buddhism may be divided into five periods: Early Buddhism (occasionally called Pre-sectarian Buddhism), Nikaya Buddhism or Sectarian Buddhism: The period of the Early Buddhist schools, Early Mahayana Buddhism, Later Mahayana Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism (also called Vajrayana Buddhism)."}], ["Menurut kedua Bronkhorst dan Anderson, empat kebenaran menjadi pengganti untuk prajna, atau \"pembebasan wawasan\", dalam sutta dalam teks-teks di mana \"pembebasan wawasan\" didahului oleh empat jhana. Menurut Bronkhorst, empat kebenaran itu tidak mungkin telah dirumuskan dalam Buddhisme terawal, dan tidak berfungsi pada Buddhisme terawal sebagai perihalan \"wawasan yang membebaskan\". Ajaran Gotama mungkin peribadi, \"disesuaikan dengan keperluan setiap orang.\" <> Penulis Bronkhorst dan Anderson mendakwa bahawa empat kebenaran membatalkan penggantian untuk apa? || prajna <> Apa yang dipanggil prajna dalam bahasa inggeris? || membebaskan wawasan <> Gotamas ajaran mungkin telah peribadi dan disesuaikan dengan keperluan setiap apa? || orang", {"qas": [{"question": "Authors Bronkhorst and Anderson claim the four truths bacame a substitution for what?", "id": "56d2641d59d6e41400145f52", "answers": [{"text": "prajna", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is prajna called in english?", "id": "56d2641d59d6e41400145f53", "answers": [{"text": "liberating insight", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Gotamas teachings may have been personal and adjusted to the need of each what?", "id": "56d2641d59d6e41400145f54", "answers": [{"text": "person", "answer_start": 413}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to both Bronkhorst and Anderson, the four truths became a substitution for prajna, or \"liberating insight\", in the suttas in those texts where \"liberating insight\" was preceded by the four jhanas. According to Bronkhorst, the four truths may not have been formulated in earliest Buddhism, and did not serve in earliest Buddhism as a description of \"liberating insight\". Gotama's teachings may have been personal, \"adjusted to the need of each person.\""}], ["Menurut kebanyakan ulama, pada suatu masa selepas Majlis Kedua, Sangha mulai memecah puak-puak yang terpisah. [Nota 37] Berbagai akaun berbeza ketika terjadi perpecahan sebenar. Menurut Dipavamsa dari tradisi Pali, mereka mulai segera setelah Majlis Kedua, tradisi Puggalavada menempatkannya pada 137 AN, tradisi Sarvastivada Vasumitra mengatakan pada saat Ashoka dan tradisi Mahasanghika menempatkannya kemudian, hampir 100 BCE. <> Sangha mulai memecah fihak separte setelah dewan apa? || Kedua <> Menurut Dipavamsa mereka segera memulakan setelah dewan apa? || Majlis Kedua <> The Mahasanghika meletakkan perpisahan pada masa apa? || 100 SM", {"qas": [{"question": "The Sangha began to break into separte factions after what council?", "id": "56d267f859d6e41400145f7c", "answers": [{"text": "the Second", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to the Dipavamsa they started immediately after what council?", "id": "56d267f859d6e41400145f7d", "answers": [{"text": "the Second Council", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Mahasanghika places the breakup at what time?", "id": "56d267f859d6e41400145f7e", "answers": [{"text": "100 BCE", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to most scholars, at some period after the Second Council the Sangha began to break into separate factions.[note 37] The various accounts differ as to when the actual schisms occurred. According to the Dipavamsa of the P\u0101li tradition, they started immediately after the Second Council, the Puggalavada tradition places it in 137 AN, the Sarvastivada tradition of Vasumitra says it was in the time of Ashoka and the Mahasanghika tradition places it much later, nearly 100 BCE."}], ["Menurut Mah\u0101saccakasutta, [note 33] dari jhana keempat Buddha mendapat bodhi. [Tidak diperlukan] \"Membebaskan wawasan\" adalah tambahan pada teks ini, dan mencerminkan perkembangan dan pemahaman yang lebih awal dalam Buddhisme awal. [Halaman diperlukan] [diperlukan halaman] Empat kebenaran yang membentuk \"wawasan yang membebaskan\" memperkenalkan masalah logik, kerana empat kebenaran menggambarkan jalan lurus amalan, pengetahuannya sendiri tidak digambarkan sebagai membebaskan. [note 34] <> Daripada mana jhana yang diperoleh oleh Buddha bodhi? || Keempat <> Masalah logik muncul apabila mencatat bahawa keempat kebenaran merupakan apa? || membebaskan wawasan <> Empat kebenaran menggambarkan jenis jalan amalan? || linear", {"qas": [{"question": "From which jhana did Buddha gain bodhi?", "id": "56d2600c59d6e41400145f18", "answers": [{"text": "fourth", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A logic problem arises when noting that the four truths constitute what?", "id": "56d2600c59d6e41400145f19", "answers": [{"text": "liberating insight", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The four truths depict what type of path of practice?", "id": "56d2600c59d6e41400145f1a", "answers": [{"text": "linear", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to the Mah\u0101saccakasutta,[note 33] from the fourth jhana the Buddha gained bodhi. Yet, it is not clear what he was awakened to.[page needed] \"Liberating insight\" is a later addition to this text, and reflects a later development and understanding in early Buddhism.[page needed][page needed] The mentioning of the four truths as constituting \"liberating insight\" introduces a logical problem, since the four truths depict a linear path of practice, the knowledge of which is in itself not depicted as being liberating.[note 34]"}], ["Buddhisme purba purba adalah fasa paling awal agama Buddha, yang diiktiraf oleh hampir semua ulama. Tulisan utamanya adalah Vinaya Pitaka dan empat utama Nikayas atau Agamas. Sesetengah ajaran asas muncul di banyak tempat sepanjang teks-teks awal, oleh itu kebanyakan ulama menyimpulkan bahawa Gautama Buddha mestilah mengajarkan sesuatu yang serupa dengan Tiga tanda kewujudan, Lima Aggregates, ketergantungan, karma dan kelahiran semula, Empat Kebenaran Mulia, Delapan Delapan Jalan, dan nirvana. Sesetengah ulama tidak bersetuju, dan telah mencadangkan banyak teori lain. <> Adakah fasa paling awal buddhism? || Pra-mazhab <> Gautama Buddha kemungkinan besar mengajarkan idea Karma dan apa? || kelahiran kembali <> Gautama buddha mengajar konsep Path apa? || Mulut lapan belas", {"qas": [{"question": "Was is the earliest phase of buddhism?", "id": "56d265eb59d6e41400145f6a", "answers": [{"text": "Pre-sectarian", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Gautama Buddha most likely taught the idea of Karma and what?", "id": "56d265eb59d6e41400145f6c", "answers": [{"text": "rebirth", "answer_start": 419}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Gautama buddha taught what Path concept?", "id": "56d265eb59d6e41400145f6d", "answers": [{"text": "Noble Eightfold", "answer_start": 455}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Pre-sectarian Buddhism is the earliest phase of Buddhism, recognized by nearly all scholars. Its main scriptures are the Vinaya Pitaka and the four principal Nikayas or Agamas. Certain basic teachings appear in many places throughout the early texts, so most scholars conclude that Gautama Buddha must have taught something similar to the Three marks of existence, the Five Aggregates, dependent origination, karma and rebirth, the Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path, and nirvana. Some scholars disagree, and have proposed many other theories."}], ["Menurut kitab suci, tidak lama selepas parinirv\u0101na (dari Sanskrit: \"pemadam tertinggi\") dari Gautama Buddha, dewan Buddha pertama diadakan. Seperti mana-mana tradisi kuno India, penghantaran pengajaran dilakukan secara lisan. Tujuan utama perhimpunan itu adalah untuk membacakan ajaran secara kolektif untuk memastikan tidak ada kesilapan dalam penghantaran mulut. Dalam majlis pertama, \u0100nanda, sepupu Buddha dan atendannya, dipanggil untuk membaca wacana (s\u016btras, P\u0101li suttas) Buddha, dan, menurut beberapa sumber, abhidhamma. Upla, murid lain, membaca peraturan monastik (vinaya). Kebanyakan cendekiawan menganggap akaun tradisional majlis itu sebagai sangat dibesar-besarkan jika tidak sepenuhnya fiksyen. [Nota 36] Richard Gombrich menyatakan Sariputta mengetuai bacaan komunal pengajaran Buddha untuk pemeliharaan dalam kehidupan Buddha di Sangiti Sutta (Digha Nikaya # 33), dan sesuatu sama seperti Majlis Pertama mesti berlaku untuk menulis kitab suci Buddha. <> Tidak lama selepas parinirvana Gautama Buddha, jenis majlis yang diadakan? || Buddha <> Siapa sepupu Buddha? || \u0100nanda <> Apakah wacana Buddha dipanggil? || s\u016btras <> Beberapa sumber mengatakan bahawa wacana siapa lagi yang dibacakan bersama dengan Buddha? || abhidhamma", {"qas": [{"question": "Soon after the parinirvana of Gautama Buddha, what type of council was held?", "id": "56d2675b59d6e41400145f72", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhist", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was cousin of the Buddha?", "id": "56d2675b59d6e41400145f73", "answers": [{"text": "\u0100nanda", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the discourses of the Buddha called?", "id": "56d2675b59d6e41400145f74", "answers": [{"text": "s\u016btras", "answer_start": 490}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some sources say that discourse of who else were recited along with Buddha's?", "id": "56d2675b59d6e41400145f75", "answers": [{"text": "abhidhamma", "answer_start": 562}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to the scriptures, soon after the parinirv\u0101\u1e47a (from Sanskrit: \"highest extinguishment\") of Gautama Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held. As with any ancient Indian tradition, transmission of teaching was done orally. The primary purpose of the assembly was to collectively recite the teachings to ensure that no errors occurred in oral transmission. In the first council, \u0100nanda, a cousin of the Buddha and his personal attendant, was called upon to recite the discourses (s\u016btras, P\u0101li suttas) of the Buddha, and, according to some sources, the abhidhamma. Up\u0101li, another disciple, recited the monastic rules (vinaya). Most scholars regard the traditional accounts of the council as greatly exaggerated if not entirely fictitious.[note 36]Richard Gombrich noted Sariputta led communal recitations of the Buddha's teaching for preservation in the Buddha's lifetime in Sangiti Sutta (Digha Nikaya #33), and something similar to the First Council must have taken place to compose Buddhist scriptures."}], ["Beberapa ulama telah mencadangkan bahawa Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101 s\u016btras, yang merupakan antara Mah\u0101y\u0101na s\u016btras terawal, berkembang di kalangan Mah\u0101s\u0101\u1e43ghika di sepanjang Sungai Krishna di rantau \u0100ndhra di India Selatan. <> Yang sutra adalah antara sastera Mahayana terawal? || Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101 <> Sutra Prajnaparamita dibangun di sepanjang sungai krsna di kawasan India Selatan? || \u0100ndhra", {"qas": [{"question": "Which sutras are among the earliest Mahayana sutras?", "id": "56d26b3159d6e41400145faa", "answers": [{"text": "Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Prajnaparamita sutras were developed along the krsna river in what region of South India?", "id": "56d26b3159d6e41400145fab", "answers": [{"text": "\u0100ndhra", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Several scholars have suggested that the Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101 s\u016btras, which are among the earliest Mah\u0101y\u0101na s\u016btras, developed among the Mah\u0101s\u0101\u1e43ghika along the K\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a River in the \u0100ndhra region of South India."}], ["The Sthaviras menimbulkan beberapa sekolah, salah satunya adalah sekolah Therav\u0101da. Awalnya, perpecahan ini disebabkan oleh perselisihan di atas vinaya, dan para bhikkhu mengikut sekolah pemikiran yang berbeza sepertinya telah hidup bahagia bersama di biara-biara yang sama, tetapi akhirnya, sekitar 100 CE jika tidak terdahulu, perpecahan disebabkan oleh ketidaksepakatan doktrin juga. <> Siapa yang menimbulkan sekolah Theravada? || Sthaviras <> Monks mengikuti sekolah pemikiran yang berbeza seolah-olah telah hidup bahagia bersama dalam apa yang sama? || biara <> Dengan terkini pada sekitar 100 CE, perpecahan disebabkan oleh apa jenis desegregasi? || doktrin", {"qas": [{"question": "Who gave rise to the Theravada school?", "id": "56d269b759d6e41400145f96", "answers": [{"text": "Sthaviras", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same what?", "id": "56d269b759d6e41400145f97", "answers": [{"text": "monasteries", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By the latest at around 100 CE, schisms were being caused by what type of desagreements?", "id": "56d269b759d6e41400145f98", "answers": [{"text": "doctrinal", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Sthaviras gave rise to several schools, one of which was the Therav\u0101da school. Originally, these schisms were caused by disputes over vinaya, and monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same monasteries, but eventually, by about 100 CE if not earlier, schisms were being caused by doctrinal disagreements too."}], ["Semasa tempoh Buddhisme Mahayana Lepas, empat jenis pemikiran utama berkembang: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, dan Logik Buddhis sebagai yang terakhir dan terkini. Di India, dua sekolah falsafah utama Mahayana adalah Madhyamaka dan Yogacara yang kemudian. Menurut Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka dan Yogacara mempunyai persamaan yang sama, dan kesamaannya berasal dari Buddhisme awal. Tidak ada guru India yang hebat yang berkaitan dengan pemikiran tathagatagarbha. <> Apakah empat jenis pemikiran yang dikembangkan pada masa akhir mahayna buddhisme? || Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, dan Logik Buddhis <> Apakah jenis pemikiran terkini? || Logik Buddha <> Di India dua sekolah falsafah utama Mahayana adalah Madhyamaka dan apa lagi? || Yogacara", {"qas": [{"question": "What four types of thought developed during the period of late mahayna buddhism?", "id": "56d2726659d6e41400145ff8", "answers": [{"text": "Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the latest thought type?", "id": "56d2726659d6e41400145ff9", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhist Logic", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In India the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were Madhyamaka and what else?", "id": "56d2726659d6e41400145ffa", "answers": [{"text": "Yogacara", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yogacara have a great deal in common, and the commonality stems from early Buddhism. There were no great Indian teachers associated with tathagatagarbha thought."}], ["Mah\u0101y\u0101na s\u016btras terawal termasuk versi pertama dari genre Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101, bersama-sama dengan teks-teks mengenai Ak\u1e63obhya Buddha, yang mungkin ditulis pada abad ke-1 SM di selatan India. Guang Xing menyatakan, \"Beberapa ulama telah mencadangkan bahawa Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101 mungkin berkembang di kalangan Mah\u0101s\u0101\u1e43ghikas di India selatan, di negara \u0100ndhra, di Sungai Krishna.\" A.K. Warder percaya bahawa \"Mah\u0101y\u0101na berasal di selatan India dan hampir pasti di negara \u0100ndhra.\" <> Sutra Mahayana terawal termasuk versi pertama genre apa? || Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101 <> Teks mengenai Aksobhya Buddha ditulis dalam abad apa? || Abad ke-1 BCE <> Pengarang Warder percaya bahawa Mahayana berasal di selatan India di kawasan apa? || \u0100ndhra", {"qas": [{"question": "The earliest Mahayana sutra include the very first version of what genre?", "id": "56d26bde59d6e41400145fb4", "answers": [{"text": "Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Texts concerning Aksobhya Buddha were written down in what century?", "id": "56d26bde59d6e41400145fb5", "answers": [{"text": "1st century BCE", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Author Warder believes that the Mahayana originated in the south of India in what area?", "id": "56d26bde59d6e41400145fb6", "answers": [{"text": "\u0100ndhra", "answer_start": 362}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The earliest Mah\u0101y\u0101na s\u016btras to include the very first versions of the Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101 genre, along with texts concerning Ak\u1e63obhya Buddha, which were probably written down in the 1st century BCE in the south of India. Guang Xing states, \"Several scholars have suggested that the Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101 probably developed among the Mah\u0101s\u0101\u1e43ghikas in southern India, in the \u0100ndhra country, on the K\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a River.\" A.K. Warder believes that \"the Mah\u0101y\u0101na originated in the south of India and almost certainly in the \u0100ndhra country.\""}], ["Anthony Barber dan Sree Padma mencatatkan bahawa \"ahli sejarah pemikiran Buddhis telah menyedari beberapa lama bahawa pemikir Buddha Mahayana yang sangat penting seperti N\u0101g\u0101rjuna, Dignaga, Candrak\u012brti, \u0100ryadeva, dan Bhavaviveka, antara yang lain, merumuskan teori mereka semasa hidup dalam masyarakat Buddha di \u0100ndhra. \" Mereka mencatat bahawa tapak Buddha purba di Lembah K\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a rendah, termasuk Amaravati, N\u0101g\u0101rjunako\u1e47\u1e0d\u0101 dan Jaggayyape\u1e6da \"dapat dikesan sekurang-kurangnya abad ke-3 SM, jika tidak lebih awal.\" Akira Hirakawa mencatatkan \"bukti menunjukkan bahawa banyak kitab suci Mahayana Awal berasal dari India Selatan.\" <> Tapak buddhist purba di Lembah Krsna yang rendah dapat dikesan untuk sekurang-kurangnya abad ke-BCE? || Ketiga <> Bukti menunjukkan bahawa banyak kitab suci Mahayana yang awalnya berasal dari bahagian India? || Selatan", {"qas": [{"question": "The ancient buddhist site  in the lower Krsna Valley can be traced to at least what century BCE?", "id": "56d26d7d59d6e41400145fc7", "answers": [{"text": "third", "answer_start": 475}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Evidence suggests that many Early mahayana scriptures originated in what part of India?", "id": "56d26d7d59d6e41400145fc8", "answers": [{"text": "South", "answer_start": 605}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Anthony Barber and Sree Padma note that \"historians of Buddhist thought have been aware for quite some time that such pivotally important Mahayana Buddhist thinkers as N\u0101g\u0101rjuna, Dignaga, Candrak\u012brti, \u0100ryadeva, and Bhavaviveka, among many others, formulated their theories while living in Buddhist communities in \u0100ndhra.\" They note that the ancient Buddhist sites in the lower K\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a Valley, including Amaravati, N\u0101g\u0101rjunako\u1e47\u1e0d\u0101 and Jaggayyape\u1e6da \"can be traced to at least the third century BCE, if not earlier.\" Akira Hirakawa notes the \"evidence suggests that many Early Mahayana scriptures originated in South India.\""}], ["Buddhisme mungkin hanya tersebar secara perlahan di India sehingga masa Maharaja Mauryan, Ashoka, yang merupakan penyokong umum agama. Sokongan dari A\u015boka dan keturunannya menyebabkan pembinaan lebih banyak st\u016bpas (memorial agama Buddha) dan usaha untuk menyebarkan agama Buddha di seluruh empayar Maurya yang diperbesar dan bahkan ke tanah-tanah jiran-khususnya ke wilayah berbahasa Afghanistan dan Asia Tengah, di luar sempadan barat laut Mauryas, dan ke pulau Sri Lanka di selatan India. Kedua-dua misi ini, dalam arah yang bertentangan, akhirnya akan membawa, dalam kes pertama penyebaran agama Buddha ke China, dan dalam kes kedua, munculnya Buddhisme Therav\u0101da dan penyebarannya dari Sri Lanka ke kawasan pesisir di Asia Tenggara. <> Buddhisme mungkin telah merebak dengan cepat kerana apa yang Kaisar Mauryan? || Ashoka <> Sokongan Asoka dan keturunannya membawa kepada apa yang dibina lebih banyak? || st\u016bpas <> Apa maksud stupas dalam bahasa Inggeris? || Memorial agama Buddha", {"qas": [{"question": "Buddhism may have spread quickly because of what Mauryan emperor?", "id": "56d2733d59d6e41400146000", "answers": [{"text": "Ashoka", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The support of Asoka and his descendants led to what being built more?", "id": "56d2733d59d6e41400146001", "answers": [{"text": "st\u016bpas", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does stupas mean in English?", "id": "56d2733d59d6e41400146002", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhist religious memorials", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Buddhism may have spread only slowly in India until the time of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, who was a public supporter of the religion. The support of A\u015boka and his descendants led to the construction of more st\u016bpas (Buddhist religious memorials) and to efforts to spread Buddhism throughout the enlarged Maurya empire and even into neighboring lands\u2014particularly to the Iranian-speaking regions of Afghanistan and Central Asia, beyond the Mauryas' northwest border, and to the island of Sri Lanka south of India. These two missions, in opposite directions, would ultimately lead, in the first case to the spread of Buddhism into China, and in the second case, to the emergence of Therav\u0101da Buddhism and its spread from Sri Lanka to the coastal lands of Southeast Asia."}], ["Kebanyakan bukti awal yang masih wujud untuk asal-usul Mah\u0101y\u0101na berasal dari terjemahan bahasa Cina awal Mah\u0101y\u0101na. Ajaran-ajaran Mah\u0101yana ini pertama kali disebarkan ke dalam bahasa Cina oleh Lokak\u1e63ema, penterjemah pertama Mah\u0101y\u0101na s\u016btras ke dalam bahasa Cina pada abad ke-2 M. [Catatan 39] Beberapa ulama telah secara tradisional menganggap s\u016btr\u0101na Mah\u0101y\u0101na paling awal untuk memasukkan versi pertama dari seri Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101, dengan teks mengenai Ak\u1e63obhya Buddha, yang mungkin terdiri pada abad ke-1 SM di selatan India. [Catatan 40] <> Sebagian besar bukti awal yang masih ada untuk asal-usul Mhayana berasal dari jenis terjemahan mana? || Cina <> Ajaran Mahayana pertama kali disebarkan ke China oleh siapa? || Lokak\u1e63ema <> Mahayana sutra terawal termasuk versi pertama dari siri apa? || Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101 <> Teks mengenai Aksobhya Buddha mungkin disusun dalam abad ke-90 SM? || Pertama", {"qas": [{"question": "Most of the early extant evidence for the origins of Mhayana comes from what type of translations?", "id": "56d2706859d6e41400145fdc", "answers": [{"text": "Chinese", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Mahayana teachings were first propagated into China by who?", "id": "56d2706859d6e41400145fdd", "answers": [{"text": "Lokak\u1e63ema", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The earliest Mahayana sutras included the very first versions of what series?", "id": "56d2706859d6e41400145fde", "answers": [{"text": "Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101", "answer_start": 395}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Texts concerning Aksobhya Buddha were probably composed in what century BCE?", "id": "56d2706859d6e41400145fdf", "answers": [{"text": "1st", "answer_start": 499}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Much of the early extant evidence for the origins of Mah\u0101y\u0101na comes from early Chinese translations of Mah\u0101y\u0101na texts. These Mah\u0101y\u0101na teachings were first propagated into China by Lokak\u1e63ema, the first translator of Mah\u0101y\u0101na s\u016btras into Chinese during the 2nd century CE.[note 39] Some scholars have traditionally considered the earliest Mah\u0101y\u0101na s\u016btras to include the very first versions of the Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101 series, along with texts concerning Ak\u1e63obhya Buddha, which were probably composed in the 1st century BCE in the south of India.[note 40]"}], ["Perpecahan akar adalah antara Sthaviras dan Mah\u0101s\u0101\u1e45ghikas. Kebahagiaan akaun yang bertuah dari kedua belah pihak menyangkut tradisi yang berbeza. Kumpulan Sthavira menawarkan dua sebab yang berbeza untuk perpecahan. The Dipavamsa dari Therav\u0101da mengatakan bahawa pihak yang kalah dalam pertikaian Majlis Kedua berpisah dalam protes dan membentuk Mahasanghika. Ini bertentangan dengan vinaya Mahasanghikas sendiri, yang menunjukkan mereka sebagai pihak yang sama. The Mah\u0101s\u0101\u1e45ghikas berhujah bahawa Sthaviras berusaha untuk memperluas vinaya dan mungkin juga mencabar apa yang mereka anggap sebagai tuntutan yang berlebihan atau kriteria yang tidak manusiawi untuk aritmatika. Oleh itu, kedua-dua pihak merayu kepada tradisi. <> Pergeseran utama antara Sthaviras dan kumpulan lain? || Mahasanghikas <> The Dipavamsa mengatakan bahawa parti yang kalah berpisah dan membentuk apa? || Mahasanghika <> Mahasanghikas berhujah bahawa Sthaviras cuba mengembangkan apa? || vinaya itu", {"qas": [{"question": "The major schism was between the Sthaviras and what other group?", "id": "56d2693359d6e41400145f8e", "answers": [{"text": "Mahasanghikas", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Dipavamsa says that the losing party broke away in protest and formed what?", "id": "56d2693359d6e41400145f8f", "answers": [{"text": "Mahasanghika", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Mahasanghikas argued that the Sthaviras were trying to expand what?", "id": "56d2693359d6e41400145f90", "answers": [{"text": "the vinaya", "answer_start": 530}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The root schism was between the Sthaviras and the Mah\u0101s\u0101\u1e45ghikas. The fortunate survival of accounts from both sides of the dispute reveals disparate traditions. The Sthavira group offers two quite distinct reasons for the schism. The Dipavamsa of the Therav\u0101da says that the losing party in the Second Council dispute broke away in protest and formed the Mahasanghika. This contradicts the Mahasanghikas' own vinaya, which shows them as on the same, winning side. The Mah\u0101s\u0101\u1e45ghikas argued that the Sthaviras were trying to expand the vinaya and may also have challenged what they perceived were excessive claims or inhumanly high criteria for arhatship. Both parties, therefore, appealed to tradition."}], ["Tidak ada bukti yang Mah\u0101yana pernah merujuk kepada sekolah formal atau mazhab agama yang berasingan, melainkan ia wujud sebagai satu set cita-cita tertentu, dan kemudian doktrin, untuk bodhisattva. Pada mulanya ia dikenali sebagai Bodhisattvay\u0101na (\"Kenderaan Bodhisattva\"). Paul Williams juga telah menyatakan bahawa Mah\u0101y\u0101na tidak pernah tidak pernah cuba untuk mempunyai Vinaya yang berasingan atau garis keturunan dari sekolah-sekolah Buddha awal, dan oleh itu setiap bhik\u1e63u atau bhik\u1e63u\u1e47\u012b berpegang kepada Mah\u0101y\u0101na secara rasmi milik sekolah awal. Ini berterusan hari ini dengan keturunan pentadbir Dharmaguptaka di Asia Timur, dan keturunan pentahbisan M\u016blasarv\u0101stiv\u0101da dalam Buddhisme Tibet. Maka Mah\u0101y\u0101na tidak pernah menjadi mazhab saingan yang terpisah dari sekolah-sekolah awal. Dari para bhiksu Cina yang melawat India, sekarang kita tahu bahawa kedua-dua bhikkhu Mah\u0101y\u0101na dan bukan Mah\u0101y\u0101n di India sering tinggal di biara yang sama berdampingan. <> Tidak ada bukti yang Mahayana pernah merujuk kepada sekolah yang berasingan tentang apa? || Buddhisme <> Mahayana tidak pernah cuba untuk mempunyai separte apa? || Vinaya <> Kita tahu bahawa kedua mahkota Mahayana dan bukan Mahayana tinggal dalam apa yang sama? || biara", {"qas": [{"question": "There is no evidence that Mahayana ever referred to a separate school of what?", "id": "56d26e4b59d6e41400145fcc", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhism", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The mahayana never tried to have separte what?", "id": "56d26e4b59d6e41400145fcd", "answers": [{"text": "Vinaya", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "We know that both Mahayana and non Mahayana monks live in the same what?", "id": "56d26e4b59d6e41400145fce", "answers": [{"text": "monasteries", "answer_start": 869}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There is no evidence that Mah\u0101y\u0101na ever referred to a separate formal school or sect of Buddhism, but rather that it existed as a certain set of ideals, and later doctrines, for bodhisattvas. Initially it was known as Bodhisattvay\u0101na (the \"Vehicle of the Bodhisattvas\"). Paul Williams has also noted that the Mah\u0101y\u0101na never had nor ever attempted to have a separate Vinaya or ordination lineage from the early schools of Buddhism, and therefore each bhik\u1e63u or bhik\u1e63u\u1e47\u012b adhering to the Mah\u0101y\u0101na formally belonged to an early school. This continues today with the Dharmaguptaka ordination lineage in East Asia, and the M\u016blasarv\u0101stiv\u0101da ordination lineage in Tibetan Buddhism. Therefore Mah\u0101y\u0101na was never a separate rival sect of the early schools. From Chinese monks visiting India, we now know that both Mah\u0101y\u0101na and non-Mah\u0101y\u0101na monks in India often lived in the same monasteries side by side."}], ["Mengikuti (atau mengetuai) perpecahan, masing-masing Sa\u1e45gha mula mengumpulkan Abhidharma, sebuah skrastik yang terperinci mengenai kerja semula bahan doktrin yang terdapat dalam Suttas, mengikut klasifikasi skematik. Teks Abhidharma ini tidak mengandungi risalah falsafah yang sistematik, tetapi ringkasan atau senarai berangka. Para sarjana secara amnya memaparkan teks-teks ini sekitar abad ke-3 BCE, 100 hingga 200 tahun selepas kematian Buddha. Oleh itu, tujuh karya Abhidharma secara umumnya mendakwa tidak mewakili kata-kata Buddha sendiri, tetapi murid-murid dan para ulama. [Nota 38] Setiap sekolah mempunyai versi sendiri Abhidharma, dengan teori-teori yang berbeza dan teks-teks yang berbeza. Abhidharmas berbeza dari pelbagai sekolah tidak bersetuju dengan satu sama lain. Para ilmuwan tidak bersetuju sama ada sekolah Mahasanghika mempunyai Abhidhamma Pitaka atau tidak. [Nota 38] <> Apakah bahan bacaan skolastik terperinci mengenai bahan doktrin yang dipanggil? || Abhidharma <> Teks abhidharma tidak mengandungi risalah, tetapi apa? || ringkasan atau senarai berangka <> Teks Abhidharma adalah dari masa apa? || Abad ke-3 BCE <> Terdapat perselisihan pendapat sama ada sebuah sekolah mempunyai Abhidhamma atau tidak, yang mana sekolah itu? || Mahasanghika", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material called?", "id": "56d26abd59d6e41400145fa2", "answers": [{"text": "Abhidharma", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The abhidharma texts do not contain treatises, but what?", "id": "56d26abd59d6e41400145fa3", "answers": [{"text": "summaries or numerical lists", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Abhidharma texts are from what time?", "id": "56d26abd59d6e41400145fa4", "answers": [{"text": "3rd century BCE", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "There is a disagreement on whether a school had an Abhidhamma or not, which school is it?", "id": "56d26abd59d6e41400145fa5", "answers": [{"text": "Mahasanghika", "answer_start": 804}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Following (or leading up to) the schisms, each Sa\u1e45gha started to accumulate an Abhidharma, a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the Suttas, according to schematic classifications. These Abhidharma texts do not contain systematic philosophical treatises, but summaries or numerical lists. Scholars generally date these texts to around the 3rd century BCE, 100 to 200 years after the death of the Buddha. Therefore the seven Abhidharma works are generally claimed not to represent the words of the Buddha himself, but those of disciples and great scholars.[note 38] Every school had its own version of the Abhidharma, with different theories and different texts. The different Abhidharmas of the various schools did not agree with each other. Scholars disagree on whether the Mahasanghika school had an Abhidhamma Pitaka or not.[note 38]"}], ["Buddhisme diamalkan oleh kira-kira 488 juta, [web 1] 495 juta, atau 535 juta orang pada tahun 2010, mewakili 7% hingga 8% daripada jumlah penduduk dunia. <> Agama apa yang diamalkan oleh kira-kira 488 hingga 535 juta orang? || Buddhisme", {"qas": [{"question": "What religion is practiced by an estimated 488 to 535 million people?", "id": "56d28c4259d6e41400146082", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhism", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Buddhism is practiced by an estimated 488 million,[web 1] 495 million, or 535 million people as of the 2010s, representing 7% to 8% of the world's total population."}], ["Menjelang akhir Abad Pertengahan, agama Buddha telah hampir pupus di India, walaupun terus wujud di negara-negara sekitarnya. Ia kini semakin mendapat kekuatan di seluruh dunia. China dan India kini mula membiayai tempat kuil Buddha di pelbagai negara Asia kerana mereka bersaing untuk pengaruh di rantau ini. [Web 20] <> China dan India kini mula membiayai jenis kuil di pelbagai negara Asia? || Buddha", {"qas": [{"question": "China and India are now starting to fund what type of shrines in various Asian countries?", "id": "56d28a5d59d6e41400146055", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhist", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By the late Middle Ages, Buddhism had become virtually extinct in India, although it continued to exist in surrounding countries. It is now again gaining strength worldwide. China and India are now starting to fund Buddhist shrines in various Asian countries as they compete for influence in the region.[web 20]"}], ["Sekolah Theravada menyebar ke selatan dari India pada abad ke-3 BCE, ke Sri Lanka dan Thailand dan Burma dan kemudian juga Indonesia. Sekolah Dharmagupta menyebar (juga pada abad ke-3 SM) ke utara ke Kashmir, Gandhara dan Bactria (Afghanistan). <> Sekolah Theravada merebak ke selatan dari India pada abad yang lalu? || Abad ke-3 <> The scholar Dharmagupta tersebar di abad ke mana ke Kashmir? || Abad ke-3", {"qas": [{"question": "The Theravada school spread south from india in what century BCE?", "id": "56d277f759d6e41400146020", "answers": [{"text": "3rd century", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Dharmagupta schol spread in what century to Kashmir?", "id": "56d277f759d6e41400146021", "answers": [{"text": "3rd century", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Theravada school spread south from India in the 3rd century BCE, to Sri Lanka and Thailand and Burma and later also Indonesia. The Dharmagupta school spread (also in 3rd century BCE) north to Kashmir, Gandhara and Bactria (Afghanistan)."}], ["Sejumlah pergerakan atau kecenderungan moden dalam Buddhisme muncul pada separuh kedua Abad ke-20, termasuk pergerakan Buddha Dalit (juga kadang-kadang dipanggil 'neo-Buddhisme'), Terkait Buddhisme, dan perkembangan selanjutnya dari pelbagai tradisi Buddha Barat. <> Bilakah beberapa pergerakan moden dalam agama Buddha muncul? || separuh kedua Abad ke-20 <> Apakah pergerakan buddhis Dalit kadang-kadang dipanggil? || neo-Buddhisme", {"qas": [{"question": "When did a number of modern movement in Buddhism emerge?", "id": "56d28b6559d6e4140014606c", "answers": [{"text": "second half of the 20th Century", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Dalit buddhist movement sometimes called?", "id": "56d28b6559d6e4140014606d", "answers": [{"text": "neo-Buddhism", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A number of modern movements or tendencies in Buddhism emerged during the second half of the 20th Century, including the Dalit Buddhist movement (also sometimes called 'neo-Buddhism'), Engaged Buddhism, and the further development of various Western Buddhist traditions."}], ["Penyebaran Jalan Sutera Buddhisme ke China paling sering difikirkan telah dimulakan pada akhir abad ke-2 atau abad ke-1 CE, walaupun sumber-sumber sastera semua terbuka untuk dipertanyakan. [Nota 41] Usaha penterjemahan pertama yang didokumenkan oleh para rahib Buddha asing di China berada pada abad ke-2 CE, mungkin akibat dari perkembangan Empayar Kushan ke wilayah Cina di Basin Tarim. <> Bilakah terjemahan terjemahan terdahulu oleh rahib Buddha asing di China? || Abad ke-2 CE", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China?", "id": "56d2786c59d6e41400146025", "answers": [{"text": "2nd century CE", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin."}], ["Pada abad ke-2 CE, Mahayana Sutras merebak ke China, kemudian ke Korea dan Jepun, dan diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Cina. Semasa tempoh Buddhisme Esoterik India (dari abad ke-8 dan seterusnya), Buddhisme merebak dari India ke Tibet dan Mongolia. <> Mahayana Sutras merebak ke China pada abad apa? || Abad ke-2 CE <> Apa dua negara selepas China adalah sastera Mahayana tersebar? || Korea dan Jepun <> Kapan Buddhisme mengumpan dari India ke Tibet? || Abad ke-8 dan seterusnya", {"qas": [{"question": "Mahayana Sutras spread to China during what century?", "id": "56d278ee59d6e41400146028", "answers": [{"text": "2nd century CE", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two countries after China was the Mahayana sutras spread?", "id": "56d278ee59d6e41400146029", "answers": [{"text": "Korea and Japan", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Buddhism apread from India to Tibet?", "id": "56d278ee59d6e4140014602a", "answers": [{"text": "8th century onwards", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 2nd century CE, Mahayana Sutras spread to China, and then to Korea and Japan, and were translated into Chinese. During the Indian period of Esoteric Buddhism (from the 8th century onwards), Buddhism spread from India to Tibet and Mongolia."}], ["Tempoh ini menandakan penyebaran Buddhisme pertama di luar India. Menurut edaran A\u015boka, utusan dihantar ke berbagai negara barat India untuk menyebarkan ajaran Buddha (Dharma), khususnya di wilayah timur Empayar Seleucid yang berdekatan, dan bahkan lebih jauh ke kerajaan Yunani di Yunani. Ini adalah perselisihan pendapat di kalangan para ulama sama ada utusan-utusan tersebut disertai oleh para mubaligh Buddha. <> Pesuruhjaya dihantar ke pelbagai negara untuk apa yang langsung dari India? || Barat <> Ulama tidak bersetuju sama ada para utusan disertai oleh Buddha apa? || para mubaligh <> Apa utusan yang digunakan? || untuk menyebarkan agama Buddha", {"qas": [{"question": "Emissaries were sent to various countries to what direct from India?", "id": "56d273d059d6e41400146006", "answers": [{"text": "west", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Scholars disagree on whether emissaries were accompanied by Buddhist what?", "id": "56d273d059d6e41400146007", "answers": [{"text": "missionaries", "answer_start": 426}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the emissaries used for?", "id": "56d273d059d6e41400146008", "answers": [{"text": "to spread Buddhism", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "This period marks the first known spread of Buddhism beyond India. According to the edicts of A\u015boka, emissaries were sent to various countries west of India to spread Buddhism (Dharma), particularly in eastern provinces of the neighboring Seleucid Empire, and even farther to Hellenistic kingdoms of the Mediterranean. It is a matter of disagreement among scholars whether or not these emissaries were accompanied by Buddhist missionaries."}], ["Pada separuh kedua Abad ke-20 gerakan moden dalam Buddhisme Nichiren: Soka Gakkai (Value Creation Society) muncul di Jepun dan terus berkembang ke negara-negara lain. Soka Gakkai International (SGI) adalah gerakan Buddha yang menghubungkan lebih daripada 12 juta orang di seluruh dunia, dan kini digambarkan sebagai \"yang paling beragam\" dan \"pergerakan Buddha terbesar di dunia\". Buddhisme muncul pada separuh kedua abad ke-20 di Jepun? || Nichiren Buddhism: Soka Gakkai <> Apakah maksud Soka Gakkai dalam bahasa Inggeris? || Nilai Penciptaan Masyarakat <> Apakah pergerakan Buddhis telah menghubungkan lebih dari 12 juta orang? || Soka Gakkai International <> Apakah gerakan Buddha terbesar di dunia? || SGI", {"qas": [{"question": "What Buddhism emerged in the second half of the 20th century in Japan?", "id": "56d28bf559d6e4140014607a", "answers": [{"text": "Nichiren Buddhism: Soka Gakkai", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Soka Gakkai mean in English?", "id": "56d28bf559d6e4140014607b", "answers": [{"text": "Value Creation Society", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Buddhist movement has linked more than 12 million people?", "id": "56d28bf559d6e4140014607c", "answers": [{"text": "Soka Gakkai International", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the largest Buddhist movement in the world?", "id": "56d28bf559d6e4140014607d", "answers": [{"text": "SGI", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the second half of the 20th Century a modern movement in Nichiren Buddhism: Soka Gakkai (Value Creation Society) emerged in Japan and spread further to other countries. Soka Gakkai International (SGI) is a lay Buddhist movement linking more than 12 million people around the world, and is currently described as \"the most diverse\" and \"the largest lay Buddhist movement in the world\".[web 21]"}], ["Penyebaran Buddhisme secara beransur-ansur ke kawasan-kawasan yang bersebelahan bermakna bahawa ia berhubungan dengan kumpulan etnik baru. Dalam tempoh ini, agama Buddha terdedah kepada pelbagai pengaruh, dari tamadun Persia dan Yunani, untuk mengubah aliran agama India bukan Buddha-sendiri yang dipengaruhi oleh Buddhisme. Contoh-contoh penciptaan sinkretis ini dapat dilihat dalam kemunculan raja-raja Buddha yang berbahasa Yunani di Kerajaan Indo-Yunani, dan dalam perkembangan seni Gandharra Greco-Buddha. Raja Yunani, Menander, bahkan telah diabadikan dalam kanon Buddha. <> Penyebaran secara beransur-ansur Buddhisme mendedahkannya kepada pelbagai pengaruh termasuk tamadun apa? || Persia dan Yunani <> Siapakah raja Yunani yang diabadikan dalam kanun Buddha? || Menander", {"qas": [{"question": "The gradual spread of Buddhism exposed it to a variety of influences including what civilization?", "id": "56d2779759d6e4140014601a", "answers": [{"text": "Persian and Greek", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Greek king immortalized in Buddhist canon?", "id": "56d2779759d6e4140014601c", "answers": [{"text": "Menander", "answer_start": 520}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The gradual spread of Buddhism into adjacent areas meant that it came into contact with new ethnical groups. During this period Buddhism was exposed to a variety of influences, from Persian and Greek civilization, to changing trends in non-Buddhist Indian religions\u2014themselves influenced by Buddhism. Striking examples of this syncretistic development can be seen in the emergence of Greek-speaking Buddhist monarchs in the Indo-Greek Kingdom, and in the development of the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandh\u0101ra. A Greek king, Menander, has even been immortalized in the Buddhist canon."}], ["Keanggotaan formal berbeza antara komuniti, tetapi kepatuhan asas asas sering ditakrifkan dari segi formula tradisional di mana pengamal berlindung di The Three Jewels: Buddha, Dharma (ajaran Sang Buddha), dan Sangha (masyarakat Buddha ). Pada masa ini, ajaran ketiga-tiga cabang agama Buddha telah tersebar di seluruh dunia, dan teks-teks Buddha semakin diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa tempatan. Walaupun di Buddhisme Barat sering dilihat sebagai eksotik dan progresif, di Timur ia dianggap sebagai biasa dan tradisional. Budha di Asia sering teratur dan dibiayai dengan baik. Di negara-negara seperti Kemboja dan Bhutan, ia diiktiraf sebagai agama negara dan menerima sokongan kerajaan. Pengaruh moden semakin membawa kepada bentuk-bentuk baru agama Buddha yang jauh berlepas dari kepercayaan dan amalan tradisional. <> Apa Dharma? || ajaran Buddha <> Apakah Sangha? || Buddha Buddha <> Buddhisme Barat sering dilihat sebagai eksotik dan apa? || progresif <> Bentuk baru Buddhisme dicipta kerana sebab apa? || Pengaruh moden", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Dharma?", "id": "56d28b0659d6e41400146063", "answers": [{"text": "the teachings of the Buddha", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Sangha?", "id": "56d28b0659d6e41400146064", "answers": [{"text": "the Buddhist community", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and what?", "id": "56d28b0659d6e41400146065", "answers": [{"text": "progressive", "answer_start": 503}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New forms of Buddhism are created because of what reason?", "id": "56d28b0659d6e41400146066", "answers": [{"text": "Modern influences", "answer_start": 751}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices."}], ["Ahli Buddhisme Theravadin percaya bahawa usaha peribadi diperlukan untuk merealisasikan kelahiran semula. Monks mengikuti vinaya: bermeditasi, mengajar dan berkhidmat kepada komuniti awam mereka. Laypersons boleh melakukan tindakan yang baik, menghasilkan merit. <> Apakah jenis Buddha yang percaya bahawa usaha peribadi diperlukan untuk merealisasikan kelahiran semula? || Theravadin <> Laypersons boleh melakukan tindakan yang baik, menghasilkan apa? || merit", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth?", "id": "56d2924159d6e414001460c2", "answers": [{"text": "Theravadin", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Laypersons can perform good actions, producing what?", "id": "56d2924159d6e414001460c4", "answers": [{"text": "merit", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Theravadin Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth. Monks follow the vinaya: meditating, teaching and serving their lay communities. Laypersons can perform good actions, producing merit."}], ["Buddhisme Mahayana berkembang di India dari abad ke-5 CE dan seterusnya, semasa dinasti Guptas. Pusat-pusat pembelajaran Mah\u0101y\u0101na ditubuhkan, yang paling penting ialah Universiti N\u0101land\u0101 di utara-timur India. <> Apakah pusat pembelajaran Mahayana yang paling penting? || Universiti N\u0101land\u0101", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the most important Mahayana centre of learning?", "id": "56d2929e59d6e414001460c9", "answers": [{"text": "N\u0101land\u0101 University", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Mahayana Buddhism flourished in India from the 5th century CE onwards, during the dynasty of the Guptas. Mah\u0101y\u0101na centres of learning were established, the most important one being the N\u0101land\u0101 University in north-eastern India."}], ["Therav\u0101da dipraktikkan pada hari ini di Sri Lanka, Burma, Laos, Thailand, Kemboja serta bahagian-bahagian kecil China, Vietnam, Malaysia dan Bangladesh. Ia mempunyai kehadiran yang semakin meningkat di barat. <> Di mana terdapat kehadiran Theravada? || Barat", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is there a growing presence of Theravada?", "id": "56d291c759d6e414001460be", "answers": [{"text": "the west", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Therav\u0101da is primarily practiced today in Sri Lanka, Burma, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia as well as small portions of China, Vietnam, Malaysia and Bangladesh. It has a growing presence in the west."}], ["China adalah negara dengan populasi Buddha terbesar, kira-kira 244 juta atau 18.2% daripada jumlah penduduknya. [Web 1] Mereka kebanyakannya pengikut sekolah Cina Mahayana, menjadikannya tradisi Buddha terbesar. Mahayana, juga diamalkan di Asia Timur yang lebih luas, diikuti oleh lebih separuh daripada penganut Buddha dunia. [Web 1] <> Negara mana yang mempunyai penduduk Buddha terbesar? || China <> Berapa banyak Buddha di China? || 244 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "What country has the largest population of Buddhists?", "id": "56d28c9259d6e41400146086", "answers": [{"text": "China", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Buddhists are in China?", "id": "56d28c9259d6e41400146087", "answers": [{"text": "244 million", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "China is the country with the largest population of Buddhists, approximately 244 million or 18.2% of its total population.[web 1] They are mostly followers of Chinese schools of Mahayana, making this the largest body of Buddhist traditions. Mahayana, also practiced in broader East Asia, is followed by over half of world Buddhists.[web 1]"}], ["Mengikut analisis demografi yang dilaporkan oleh Peter Harvey (2013): Mahayana mempunyai 360 juta penganut; Theravada mempunyai 150 juta penganut; dan Vajrayana mempunyai 18,2 juta penganut. Tujuh juta Buddha tambahan ditemui di luar Asia. <> Bagaimana mungkin penganut Mahayana ada? || 360 juta <> Berapa ramai penganut yang ada Thervada? || 150 juta <> Berapa ramai orang Buddhis di luar Asia? || Tujuh juta", {"qas": [{"question": "How may adherents does Mahayana have?", "id": "56d28ce759d6e41400146092", "answers": [{"text": "360 million", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many adherents does Thervada have?", "id": "56d28ce759d6e41400146093", "answers": [{"text": "150 million", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Buddists are outside of Asia?", "id": "56d28ce759d6e41400146095", "answers": [{"text": "Seven million", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to a demographic analysis reported by Peter Harvey (2013): Mahayana has 360 million adherents; Theravada has 150 million adherents; and Vajrayana has 18,2 million adherents. Seven million additional Buddhists are found outside of Asia."}], ["Tidak semua tradisi Buddhisme berkongsi pandangan falsafah yang sama, atau merawat konsep yang sama sebagai pusat. Walau bagaimanapun, setiap tradisi mempunyai konsep terasnya sendiri, dan beberapa perbandingan dapat ditarik di antara mereka. Sebagai contoh, mengikut satu organisasi ekumenis Buddha, [23] beberapa konsep yang sama kepada kedua-dua cawangan Buddha utama: <> Setiap tradisi mempunyai inti sendiri? || konsep <> ada konsep umum kepada kedua-dua cawangan buddha utama mengikut organisasi apa? || Organisasi ekumenikal Buddha", {"qas": [{"question": "Each tradition has its own core what?", "id": "56d28ecf59d6e414001460b2", "answers": [{"text": "concepts", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "there are common concepts to both major buddhist branches according to what organization?", "id": "56d28ecf59d6e414001460b3", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhist ecumenical organization", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Not all traditions of Buddhism share the same philosophical outlook, or treat the same concepts as central. Each tradition, however, does have its own core concepts, and some comparisons can be drawn between them. For example, according to one Buddhist ecumenical organization,[web 23] several concepts common to both major Buddhist branches:"}], ["Sekolah Mahayana mengiktiraf semua atau sebahagian daripada Sutra Mahayana. Sebahagian daripada sutra ini menjadi manifestasi Buddha sendiri, dan kepercayaan dan penghormatan terhadap teks-teks tersebut dinyatakan dalam beberapa sutra (mis. Sutra Lotus dan Sutra Mahaparinirvana) untuk meletakkan asas-asas bagi pencapaian Buddhahood kemudian. <> Sekolah-sekolah Mahayana mengenali semua atau sebahagian daripada apa? || Mahayana Sutras <> Beberapa sutra untuk Mahayana menjadi manifestasi siapa? || Buddha <> Iman dalam dan penghormatan Mahayana dinyatakan dalam apa sutra? || Lotus Sutra dan Sutra Mahaparinirvana", {"qas": [{"question": "Mahayana schools recognize all or part of what?", "id": "56d293b759d6e414001460cc", "answers": [{"text": "Mahayana Sutras", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A few of the sutras for Mahayanists became a manifestation of who?", "id": "56d293b759d6e414001460cd", "answers": [{"text": "the Buddha", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Faith in and veneration of Mahayana are stated in what sutras?", "id": "56d293b759d6e414001460ce", "answers": [{"text": "Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Mahayana schools recognize all or part of the Mahayana Sutras. Some of these sutras became for Mahayanists a manifestation of the Buddha himself, and faith in and veneration of those texts are stated in some sutras (e.g. the Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra) to lay the foundations for the later attainment of Buddhahood itself."}], ["Menurut Johnson dan Grim (2013), Buddhisme telah berkembang dari 138 juta penganut pada tahun 1910, di mana 137 juta adalah di Asia, kepada 495 juta pada tahun 2010, di mana 487 juta adalah di Asia. Menurut mereka, terdapat pertumbuhan tahunan Buddhisme yang cepat di Pakistan, Arab Saudi, Lebanon dan beberapa negara Eropah Barat (1910-2010). Baru-baru ini (2000-2010), negara-negara yang mempunyai kadar pertumbuhan tertinggi adalah Qatar, Emiriah Arab Bersatu, Iran dan beberapa negara Afrika. <> Berapa banyak penganut Buddha yang ada pada tahun 1910? || 138 juta <> Berapa banyak penganut Buddha yang ada pada tahun 2010? || 495 juta <> Berapa ramai buddhist di Asia? || 487 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "How many Buddhists were there in 1910?", "id": "56d28d3d59d6e4140014609a", "answers": [{"text": "138 million", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Buddhists are there in 2010?", "id": "56d28d3d59d6e4140014609b", "answers": [{"text": "495 million", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many buddhists are in Asia?", "id": "56d28d3d59d6e4140014609c", "answers": [{"text": "487 million", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries (1910\u20132010). More recently (2000\u20132010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and some African countries."}], ["Sesetengah ulama [nota 44] menggunakan skim lain. Budhis sendiri mempunyai pelbagai skim lain. Hinayana (secara harfiah \"kenderaan yang lebih kecil\") digunakan oleh pengikut Mahayana untuk menamakan keluarga sekolah-sekolah falsafah awal dan tradisi dari mana Theravada kontemporari muncul, tetapi sebagai istilah ini berakar pada pandangan Mahayana dan boleh dianggap menghina, pelbagai istilah lain semakin banyak digunakan, termasuk \u015ar\u0101vakay\u0101na, Buddhisme Nikaya, sekolah Buddha awal, Buddhisme mazhab, Buddhisme konservatif, Buddhisme arus utama dan Buddhisme bukan Mahayana. <> Apakah maksud Hinayana dalam bahasa Inggeris? || kenderaan yang kurang <> Apa yang digunakan oleh pengikut Mahayana untuk menamakan sekolah-sekolah awal? || Hinayana", {"qas": [{"question": "What does Hinayana mean in English?", "id": "56d28e7059d6e414001460a8", "answers": [{"text": "lesser vehicle", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is used by Mahayana followers to name the early schools?", "id": "56d28e7059d6e414001460a9", "answers": [{"text": "Hinayana", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some scholars[note 44] use other schemes. Buddhists themselves have a variety of other schemes. Hinayana (literally \"lesser vehicle\") is used by Mahayana followers to name the family of early philosophical schools and traditions from which contemporary Theravada emerged, but as this term is rooted in the Mahayana viewpoint and can be considered derogatory, a variety of other terms are increasingly used instead, including \u015ar\u0101vakay\u0101na, Nikaya Buddhism, early Buddhist schools, sectarian Buddhism, conservative Buddhism, mainstream Buddhism and non-Mahayana Buddhism."}], ["Theravada (\"Doktrin Penatua\", atau \"Ajaran Purba\") adalah sekolah Buddhis tertua yang masih hidup. Ia agak konservatif, dan umumnya paling dekat dengan Buddhisme awal. Nama Therav\u0101da berasal dari nenek moyang Sth\u0101vir\u012bya, salah satu sekolah Buddhis awal, dari mana Theravadins mengklaim keturunan. Selepas gagal cuba mengubah suai Vinaya, sekumpulan kecil \"ahli lama\", iaitu sthaviras, berpisah dari majoriti Mah\u0101s\u0101\u1e43ghika semasa majlis Buddha Kedua, menimbulkan mazhab Sthavira. Pembaharuan Buddha Sinhala pada abad kesembilan belas dan awal abad kedua puluh menggambarkan Kanu Pali sebagai versi asal kitab. Mereka juga menekankan Theravada menjadi rasional dan saintifik. <> Apakah sekolah Buddhis tertua yang masih hidup? || Theravada <> Di mana nama theravada berasal? || nenek moyang Sth\u0101vir\u012bya <> Pendahulu Buddha Sinhalese menggambarkan apa yang Canon sebagai versi kitab yang asal? || Pali Canon", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the oldest surviving Buddhist school?", "id": "56d28f5159d6e414001460b7", "answers": [{"text": "Theravada", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the name theravada come from?", "id": "56d28f5159d6e414001460b8", "answers": [{"text": "ancestral Sth\u0101vir\u012bya", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Sinhalese buddhist reformer portrayed what Canon as the original version of scripture?", "id": "56d28f5159d6e414001460b9", "answers": [{"text": "Pali Canon", "answer_start": 616}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Theravada (\"Doctrine of the Elders\", or \"Ancient Doctrine\") is the oldest surviving Buddhist school. It is relatively conservative, and generally closest to early Buddhism. The name Therav\u0101da comes from the ancestral Sth\u0101vir\u012bya, one of the early Buddhist schools, from which the Theravadins claim descent. After unsuccessfully trying to modify the Vinaya, a small group of \"elderly members\", i.e. sthaviras, broke away from the majority Mah\u0101s\u0101\u1e43ghika during the Second Buddhist council, giving rise to the Sthavira sect. Sinhalese Buddhist reformers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries portrayed the Pali Canon as the original version of scripture. They also emphasized Theravada being rational and scientific."}], ["Pali Tipitaka adalah satu-satunya Tipitaka awal (Sanskrit: Tripi\u1e6daka) untuk terus hidup dalam bahasa aslinya, tetapi beberapa sekolah awal mempunyai rekrut sendiri Tipitaka yang memaparkan banyak bahan yang sama. Kami mempunyai bahagian-bahagian Tipitakas dari S\u0101rv\u0101stiv\u0101da, Dharmaguptaka, Sammitya, Mah\u0101sa\u1e45ghika, K\u0101\u015byap\u012bya, dan Mah\u012b\u015b\u0101saka sekolah, yang kebanyakannya bertahan dalam terjemahan bahasa Cina sahaja. Menurut beberapa sumber, beberapa sekolah agama Buddha awal mempunyai lima atau tujuh pitakas. <> Apa satu-satunya Tipitaka untuk terus hidup dalam bahasa asalnya? || Pali Tipitaka <> Adalah dikatakan bahawa beberapa sekolah buddhisme awal mempunyai berapa pitakas? || lima atau tujuh", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the only Tipitaka to survive intact in its original language?", "id": "56d29b0e59d6e41400146128", "answers": [{"text": "P\u0101li Tipitaka", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is is said that some early schools of buddhism had how many pitakas?", "id": "56d29b0e59d6e41400146129", "answers": [{"text": "five or seven", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The P\u0101li Tipitaka is the only early Tipitaka (Sanskrit: Tripi\u1e6daka) to survive intact in its original language, but a number of early schools had their own recensions of the Tipitaka featuring much of the same material. We have portions of the Tipitakas of the S\u0101rv\u0101stiv\u0101da, Dharmaguptaka, Sammitya, Mah\u0101sa\u1e45ghika, K\u0101\u015byap\u012bya, and Mah\u012b\u015b\u0101saka schools, most of which survive in Chinese translation only. According to some sources, some early schools of Buddhism had five or seven pitakas."}], ["Kitab suci Buddha dan teks-teks lain wujud dalam pelbagai jenis. Sekolah-sekolah Buddhisme yang berbeza menempatkan nilai-nilai yang berbeza-beza untuk mempelajari pelbagai teks. Sesetengah sekolah menganggap teks tertentu sebagai objek agama dalam diri mereka, sementara yang lain mengambil pendekatan yang lebih akademik. Kesusasteraan Buddha kebanyakannya ditulis dalam Pali, Tibet, Mongolia, dan Cina. Beberapa teks masih wujud dalam bahasa Sanskrit dan Sanskrit Hibrid Buddha. <> Terdapat pelbagai macam jenis kitab apa? || Budha <> Beberapa sekolah menganggap teks tertentu sebagai agama apa? || objek", {"qas": [{"question": "There is a great variety of what type of scripture?", "id": "56d295de59d6e414001460e8", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhist", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some schools venerate certain texts as religious what?", "id": "56d295de59d6e414001460e9", "answers": [{"text": "objects", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Buddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety. Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts. Some schools venerate certain texts as religious objects in themselves, while others take a more scholastic approach. Buddhist scriptures are mainly written in P\u0101li, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese. Some texts still exist in Sanskrit and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit."}], ["Kebanyakan bahan dalam Canon itu tidak khusus \"Theravadin\", tetapi sebaliknya pengumpulan ajaran yang dipelihara oleh sekolah ini dari jasad-ajaran ajaran awal yang bukan-mazhab. Menurut Peter Harvey, ia mengandung bahan bertentangan dengan ortodoksi Theravadin kemudian. Beliau menyatakan: \"Theravadins, kemudian, mungkin telah menambah teks ke Canon untuk beberapa waktu, tetapi mereka tidak kelihatan telah merogol apa yang telah mereka miliki dari masa sebelumnya.\" <> Banyak bahan dalam Canon tidak khusus apa? || Theravadin <> Siapa yang mungkin telah menambah teks ke Canon selama beberapa waktu? || The Theravadins", {"qas": [{"question": "Much of the material in the Canon is not specifically what?", "id": "56d29c7059d6e41400146136", "answers": [{"text": "Theravadin", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who may have added texts to the Canon for some time?", "id": "56d29c7059d6e41400146137", "answers": [{"text": "The Theravadins", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Much of the material in the Canon is not specifically \"Theravadin\", but is instead the collection of teachings that this school preserved from the early, non-sectarian body of teachings. According to Peter Harvey, it contains material at odds with later Theravadin orthodoxy. He states: \"The Theravadins, then, may have added texts to the Canon for some time, but they do not appear to have tampered with what they already had from an earlier period.\""}], ["Selama bertahun-tahun, pelbagai percubaan telah dibuat untuk mensintesis satu teks Buddha yang dapat merangkumi semua prinsip utama Buddhisme. Dalam tradisi Theravada, 'teks pembelajaran' yang dikukuhkan dicipta yang menggabungkan kitab-kitab yang popular atau berpengaruh ke dalam satu jilid tunggal yang dapat dikaji oleh para biarawan yang baru. Kemudian di Sri Lanka, Dhammapada telah dipertahankan sebagai kitab penyatuan. <> Di Sri Lanka, apa yang ditentukan untuk menjadi kitab penyatuan terbaik? || Dhammapada <> Terdapat percubaan untuk membuat satu teks dengan semua gagasan utama agama apa? || Buddhisme <> teks kajian terpendam di mana dicipta dalam tradisi apa? || Theravada", {"qas": [{"question": "In Sri Lanka, what was determined to be the best unifying scripture?", "id": "56d2981a59d6e41400146112", "answers": [{"text": "Dhammapada", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "There have been attempts to create a single text with all the main ideas of what religion?", "id": "56d2981a59d6e41400146113", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhism", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "condensed study texts where created in what tradition?", "id": "56d2981a59d6e41400146114", "answers": [{"text": "Theravada", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Over the years, various attempts have been made to synthesize a single Buddhist text that can encompass all of the major principles of Buddhism. In the Theravada tradition, condensed 'study texts' were created that combined popular or influential scriptures into single volumes that could be studied by novice monks. Later in Sri Lanka, the Dhammapada was championed as a unifying scripture."}], ["Dwight Goddard mengumpul sampel kitab suci Buddha, dengan penekanan pada Zen, bersama dengan falsafah Timur klasik seperti Tao Te Ching, ke dalam 'Bible Buddhis' pada tahun 1920an. Baru-baru ini, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar cuba membuat satu dokumen gabungan prinsip Buddha dalam \"Buddha dan Dhamma-Nya\". Lain-lain usaha semacam itu terus berlanjut pada hari ini, namun pada masa ini tidak terdapat satu teks yang mewakili semua tradisi Buddhis. <> Goddard dikumpulkan terutamanya jenis kitab Buddha? || Zen <> Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar cuba membuat satu gabungan dokumen dengan semua prinsip Buddha dan memanggilnya? || Buddha dan Dhamma-Nya", {"qas": [{"question": "Goddard collected mainly what type of Buddhist scripture?", "id": "56d298dd59d6e41400146118", "answers": [{"text": "Zen", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar attempted to create a single combined document with all Buddhist principles and called it?", "id": "56d298dd59d6e4140014611a", "answers": [{"text": "The Buddha and His Dhamma", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Dwight Goddard collected a sample of Buddhist scriptures, with the emphasis on Zen, along with other classics of Eastern philosophy, such as the Tao Te Ching, into his 'Buddhist Bible' in the 1920s. More recently, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar attempted to create a single, combined document of Buddhist principles in \"The Buddha and His Dhamma\". Other such efforts have persisted to present day, but currently there is no single text that represents all Buddhist traditions."}], ["Pali Tipitaka, yang bermaksud \"tiga bakul\", merujuk kepada Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka, dan Abhidhamma Pitaka. Vinaya Pitaka mengandungi peraturan tatatertib untuk para biarawan dan biarawati Buddha, serta penjelasan tentang mengapa dan bagaimana aturan-aturan ini dimulakan, bahan pendukung, dan penjelasan doktrin. The Sutta Pitaka mengandungi wacana yang ditakrifkan kepada Gautama Buddha. The Abhidhamma Pitaka mengandungi bahan yang sering digambarkan sebagai eksposisi sistematik ajaran Buddha Gautama. <> Apa maksud \"tiga bakul\"? || P\u0101li Tipitaka <> Apa yang dimaksud dengan \"tiga bakul\"? || Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka, dan Abhidhamma Pitaka <> Apa yang mengandungi peraturan disiplin bagi para Budha dan biarawati Buddha? || Vinaya Pitaka <> Apa yang mengandungi wacana yang ditakrifkan kepada Gautama Buddha? || The Sutta Pitaka <> Apa yang mengandungi bahan-bahan yang digambarkan sebagai eksposisi sistematik ajaran Buddha Gautama? || Abhidhamma Pitaka", {"qas": [{"question": "What means \"three baskets\"?", "id": "56d29a9a59d6e4140014611e", "answers": [{"text": "P\u0101li Tipitaka", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the \"three baskets\" refer to?", "id": "56d29a9a59d6e4140014611f", "answers": [{"text": "the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What contains disciplinary rules for Buddhist Monks and nuns?", "id": "56d29a9a59d6e41400146120", "answers": [{"text": "Vinaya Pitaka", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What contains discourses ascribed to Gautama Buddha?", "id": "56d29a9a59d6e41400146121", "answers": [{"text": "the Sutta Pitaka", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What contains material ofen described as systematic expositions of the Gautama Buddha teachings?", "id": "56d29a9a59d6e41400146122", "answers": [{"text": "Abhidhamma Pitaka", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The P\u0101li Tipitaka, which means \"three baskets\", refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka. The Vinaya Pitaka contains disciplinary rules for the Buddhist monks and nuns, as well as explanations of why and how these rules were instituted, supporting material, and doctrinal clarification. The Sutta Pitaka contains discourses ascribed to Gautama Buddha. The Abhidhamma Pitaka contains material often described as systematic expositions of the Gautama Buddha's teachings."}], ["Pelbagai kelas kesusasteraan Vajrayana dibangunkan sebagai hasil daripada mahkamah diraja menaja kedua-dua agama Buddha dan Saivism. Ma\u00f1jusrimulakalpa, yang kemudiannya diklasifikasikan di bawah Kriyatantra, menyatakan bahawa mantras yang diajar di Saiva, Garuda dan Vaisnava tantra akan berkesan jika diterapkan oleh penganut Buddhis kerana semuanya diajar pada awalnya oleh Manjushri. The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra, sebuah karya yang berkaitan dengan tradisi Guhyasamaja, menetapkan bertindak sebagai guru Saiva dan memprakarsai anggota dalam kitab suci Saiva Siddhanta dan mandalas. Teks tantra Samvara mengguna pakai senarai pitha dari teks Saiva Tantrasadbhava, memperkenalkan kesilapan penyalin di mana dewa telah tersilap untuk suatu tempat. <> Mahkamah kerajaan menaja agama Buddha dan apa? || Saivism <> Mantras diajar di Saiva, Garuda, dan Vaisnava tantra akan berkesan jika diterapkan oleh siapa? || Budha <> Apa kerja dikaitkan dengan tradisi Guhyasamaja? || Guhyasiddhi dari Padmavajra", {"qas": [{"question": "The royal courts sponsored both Buddhism and what?", "id": "56d2955559d6e414001460e2", "answers": [{"text": "Saivism", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda, and Vaisnava tantra will be effective if applied by who?", "id": "56d2955559d6e414001460e3", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhists", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What work is associated with Guhyasamaja tradition?", "id": "56d2955559d6e414001460e4", "answers": [{"text": "The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Various classes of Vajrayana literature developed as a result of royal courts sponsoring both Buddhism and Saivism. The Ma\u00f1jusrimulakalpa, which later came to classified under Kriyatantra, states that mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras will be effective if applied by Buddhists since they were all taught originally by Manjushri. The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra, a work associated with the Guhyasamaja tradition, prescribes acting as a Saiva guru and initiating members into Saiva Siddhanta scriptures and mandalas. The Samvara tantra texts adopted the pitha list from the Saiva text Tantrasadbhava, introducing a copying error where a deity was mistaken for a place."}], ["Menurut kitab suci, tidak lama selepas kematian Buddha, majlis Buddha pertama diadakan; seorang sami yang bernama Mah\u0101k\u0101yapa (P\u0101li: Mah\u0101kassapa) mempengerusikan. Matlamat majlis ini adalah untuk mencatat ajaran Buddha. Upaji membacakan vinaya. \u0100nanda, atendan peribadi Buddha, dipanggil untuk membaca dhamma. Ini menjadi asas Tripitaka. Walau bagaimanapun, rekod ini pada awalnya dihantar secara lisan dalam bentuk melaungkan, dan komited untuk teks pada abad lalu BCE. Kedua-dua s\u016btras dan vinaya setiap sekolah Buddha mengandungi pelbagai elemen termasuk wacana mengenai Dharma, ulasan mengenai ajaran lain, kosmologi dan kosmogonis teks, kisah-kisah kehidupan Gautama Buddha sebelumnya, dan pelbagai mata pelajaran lain. <> Yang mana biarawan memimpin selepas kematian Buddha? || Mah\u0101k\u0101\u015byapa <> Apakah matlamat majlis itu? || untuk mencatat ajaran Buddha <> vinaya dibacakan oleh? || Upan <> Siapa yang menjadi petugas peribadi Buddha? || \u0100nanda <> Ananda dipanggil untuk membaca apa? || dhamma", {"qas": [{"question": "Which monk presided after the death of the Buddha?", "id": "56d29bca59d6e4140014612c", "answers": [{"text": "Mah\u0101k\u0101\u015byapa", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the goal of the council?", "id": "56d29bca59d6e4140014612d", "answers": [{"text": "to record the Buddha's teachings", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "the vinaya was recited by?", "id": "56d29bca59d6e4140014612e", "answers": [{"text": "Up\u0101li", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Buddha's personal attendant?", "id": "56d29bca59d6e4140014612f", "answers": [{"text": "\u0100nanda", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Ananda was called upon to recite what?", "id": "56d29bca59d6e41400146130", "answers": [{"text": "dhamma", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to the scriptures, soon after the death of the Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held; a monk named Mah\u0101k\u0101\u015byapa (P\u0101li: Mah\u0101kassapa) presided. The goal of the council was to record the Buddha's teachings. Up\u0101li recited the vinaya. \u0100nanda, the Buddha's personal attendant, was called upon to recite the dhamma. These became the basis of the Tripitaka. However, this record was initially transmitted orally in form of chanting, and was committed to text in the last century BCE. Both the s\u016btras and the vinaya of every Buddhist school contain a wide variety of elements including discourses on the Dharma, commentaries on other teachings, cosmological and cosmogonical texts, stories of the Gautama Buddha's previous lives, and various other subjects."}], ["Buddhisme Mahayana asli diamalkan hari ini di China, Jepun, Korea, Singapura, sebahagian dari Rusia dan kebanyakan Vietnam (juga biasa disebut sebagai \"Buddhisme Timur\"). Buddhisme yang diamalkan di Tibet, kawasan Himalaya, dan Mongolia juga berasal dari Mahayana, tetapi dibincangkan di bawah tajuk Vajrayana (biasanya disebut sebagai \"Buddhisme Utara\"). Terdapat pelbagai helai di Buddhisme Timur, yang mana \"Sekolah Tanah Tulen Mahayana adalah yang paling banyak diamalkan hari ini\". Walau bagaimanapun, kebanyakan kawasan ini disatu dengan bentuk tunggal agama Buddha. Di Jepun khususnya, mereka membentuk denominasi berasingan dengan lima orang utama iaitu: Nichiren, pelik kepada Jepun; Tanah Tulen; Shingon, bentuk Vajrayana; Tendai, dan Zen. Di Korea, hampir semua penganut agama Buddha tergolong dalam sekolah Chogye, yang secara rasmi Anak (Zen), tetapi dengan unsur-unsur substansial dari tradisi lain. <> Mahayana buddhisme asli juga dipanggil apa? || Buddhisme Timur <> Buddhisme yang diamalkan di Tibet, kawasan Himalaya dan Mongolia sering disebut sebagai? || Buddhisme Utara <> Apakah Buddhisme Timur yang paling banyak diamalkan? || Sekolah Tanah Tulen Mahayana", {"qas": [{"question": "Native Mahayana buddhism is also called what?", "id": "56d2946f59d6e414001460d2", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern Buddhism", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Buddhism practiced in Tibet, the Himalayan regions and Mongolia are often referred to as?", "id": "56d2946f59d6e414001460d3", "answers": [{"text": "Northern Buddhism", "answer_start": 348}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the most widely practised Eastern Buddhism?", "id": "56d2946f59d6e414001460d4", "answers": [{"text": "the Pure Land school of Mahayana", "answer_start": 431}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Native Mahayana Buddhism is practiced today in China, Japan, Korea, Singapore, parts of Russia and most of Vietnam (also commonly referred to as \"Eastern Buddhism\"). The Buddhism practiced in Tibet, the Himalayan regions, and Mongolia is also Mahayana in origin, but is discussed below under the heading of Vajrayana (also commonly referred to as \"Northern Buddhism\"). There are a variety of strands in Eastern Buddhism, of which \"the Pure Land school of Mahayana is the most widely practised today.\". In most of this area however, they are fused into a single unified form of Buddhism. In Japan in particular, they form separate denominations with the five major ones being: Nichiren, peculiar to Japan; Pure Land; Shingon, a form of Vajrayana; Tendai, and Zen. In Korea, nearly all Buddhists belong to the Chogye school, which is officially Son (Zen), but with substantial elements from other traditions."}], ["Tidak seperti banyak agama, Buddhisme tidak mempunyai satu teks sentral yang secara universal dirujuk oleh semua tradisi. Walau bagaimanapun, sesetengah ulama telah merujuk kepada Vinaya Pitaka dan empat Nikayas yang pertama dari Sutta Pitaka sebagai inti umum dari semua tradisi Buddhis. [Halaman yang diperlukan] Ini boleh dianggap mengelirukan, kerana Mah\u0101y\u0101 menganggap ini hanyalah permulaan, dan bukan inti , mengajar. Para Buddha Tibet tidak pernah menterjemahkan sebahagian besar \u0101gamas (walaupun secara teorinya mereka mengenali mereka) dan mereka tidak memainkan peranan dalam kehidupan keagamaan sama ada paderi atau pelacur di China dan Jepun. Para cendekiawan lain mengatakan tidak ada inti umum yang diterima umum. Ukuran dan kerumitan kanonis Buddha telah dilihat oleh beberapa (termasuk pembaharu sosial Buddhis Babasaheb Ambedkar) sebagai menyampaikan halangan kepada pemahaman yang lebih luas tentang falsafah Buddha. <> Tidak seperti kebanyakan agama, Buddha tidak mempunyai satu pusat apa? || teks <> Buddha Tibet tidak pernah menerjemahkan sebahagian besar dari apa? || Syair <> Beberapa ulama mengatakan tidak ada yang umum diterima umum? || > Apa yang telah dilihat oleh beberapa orang sebagai penghalang untuk memahami falsafah Buddha? || saiz dan kerumitan kanon Buddha", {"qas": [{"question": "Unlike most religions, Buddhism has no single central what?", "id": "56d296f259d6e414001460f8", "answers": [{"text": "text", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tibetan Buddhists have not even translated most of the what?", "id": "56d296f259d6e414001460fa", "answers": [{"text": "\u0101gamas", "answer_start": 447}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some scholars say there is no universally accepted common what?", "id": "56d296f259d6e414001460fb", "answers": [{"text": "core", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has been seen by some as a hinderance to understanding Buddhist philosophy?", "id": "56d296f259d6e414001460fc", "answers": [{"text": "size and complexity of the Buddhist canons", "answer_start": 656}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Unlike many religions, Buddhism has no single central text that is universally referred to by all traditions. However, some scholars have referred to the Vinaya Pitaka and the first four Nikayas of the Sutta Pitaka as the common core of all Buddhist traditions.[page needed] This could be considered misleading, as Mah\u0101y\u0101na considers these merely a preliminary, and not a core, teaching. The Tibetan Buddhists have not even translated most of the \u0101gamas (though theoretically they recognize them) and they play no part in the religious life of either clergy or laity in China and Japan. Other scholars say there is no universally accepted common core. The size and complexity of the Buddhist canons have been seen by some (including Buddhist social reformer Babasaheb Ambedkar) as presenting barriers to the wider understanding of Buddhist philosophy."}], ["Terdapat perbezaan pendapat mengenai persoalan sama ada atau tidak Buddhisme harus dianggap sebagai agama. Banyak sumber yang sering merujuk kepada agama Buddha sebagai agama. Sebagai contoh: <> Sekolah pemikir apa yang dipersoalkan sama ada ia adalah agama atau tidak? || Buddhisme <> Apa yang sering disebut sebagai agama oleh banyak sumber? || Buddhisme", {"qas": [{"question": "What school of thought is questioned on whether or not it is a religion?", "id": "56d2a34459d6e41400146178", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhism", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is often referred to as a religion by many sources?", "id": "56d2a34459d6e41400146179", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhism", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are differences of opinion on the question of whether or not Buddhism should be considered a religion. Many sources commonly refer to Buddhism as a religion. For example:"}], ["Sastera Mahayana sering mendakwa mengartikulasikan doktrin yang lebih mendalam dan lebih Buddha Buddha, yang diperuntukkan bagi mereka yang mengikuti jalan bodhisattva. Jalan itu dijelaskan sebagai dibina atas motivasi untuk membebaskan semua makhluk hidup dari ketidakbahagiaan. Oleh itu, nama Mah\u0101y\u0101na (lit., Kenderaan Besar). <> Apa sutra dikhaskan untuk mereka yang mengikuti jalan bodhisattva? || Mahayana <> Apa maksud Mahayana? || Kenderaan Besar <> Jalan apa yang digambarkan sebagai dibina atas motivasi untuk membebaskan semua makhluk hidup? || jalan bodhisattva", {"qas": [{"question": "What sutras are reserved for those who follow the bodhisattva path?", "id": "56d29dd059d6e4140014614a", "answers": [{"text": "Mahayana", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Mahayana mean?", "id": "56d29dd059d6e4140014614b", "answers": [{"text": "the Great Vehicle", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What path is described as being built upon the motivation to liberate all living beings?", "id": "56d29dd059d6e4140014614c", "answers": [{"text": "bodhisattva path", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Mahayana sutras often claim to articulate the Buddha's deeper, more advanced doctrines, reserved for those who follow the bodhisattva path. That path is explained as being built upon the motivation to liberate all living beings from unhappiness. Hence the name Mah\u0101y\u0101na (lit., the Great Vehicle)."}], ["Kira-kira enam ratus sastera Mahayana telah bertahan dalam bahasa Sanskrit atau dalam terjemahan Cina atau Tibet. Di samping itu, Buddhisme Asia Timur mengiktiraf beberapa sutra yang dianggap oleh ulama sebagai bahasa Cina dan bukannya asal India. <> Berapa banyak sastera Mahayana telah terselamat dalam bahasa Sanskrit atau dalam terjemahan Cina atau Tibet? || enam ratus <> Apa buddhisme mengiktiraf sutra asal Cina? || Buddhisme Asia Timur", {"qas": [{"question": "How many Mahayana sutras have survivied in Sanskrit or in Chinese or Tibetan translations?", "id": "56d29ed559d6e41400146156", "answers": [{"text": "six hundred", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What buddhism recognizes sutras of Chinese origin?", "id": "56d29ed559d6e41400146157", "answers": [{"text": "East Asian Buddhism", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Approximately six hundred Mahayana sutras have survived in Sanskrit or in Chinese or Tibetan translations. In addition, East Asian Buddhism recognizes some sutras regarded by scholars as of Chinese rather than Indian origin."}], ["Hanya sekolah Theravada tidak termasuk kitab suci Mahayana dalam kanunnya. Sebagai sekolah Theravada moden diturunkan dari cawangan Buddhisme yang menyimpang dan menubuhkan dirinya di Sri Lanka sebelum munculnya teks-teks Mahayana, perdebatan wujud sama ada Theravada secara historis dimasukkan dalam penamaan haji; dalam era moden, label ini dilihat sebagai menghina, dan pada umumnya dielakkan. <> Sekolah apa yang tidak termasuk kitab suci Mahayava dalam kanunnya? || Theravada <> Sekolah Theravada moden menegakkan dirinya di negara apa? || Sri Lanka <> Apa label berkaitan Mahayana dianggap menghina? || hinayana", {"qas": [{"question": "What school does not include the Mahayava scriptures in its canon?", "id": "56d2a05e59d6e41400146162", "answers": [{"text": "the Theravada", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The modern Theravada school stablished itself in what country?", "id": "56d2a05e59d6e41400146163", "answers": [{"text": "Sri Lanka", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Mahayana related label is considered derogatory?", "id": "56d2a05e59d6e41400146164", "answers": [{"text": "hinayana", "answer_start": 323}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Only the Theravada school does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon. As the modern Theravada school is descended from a branch of Buddhism that diverged and established itself in Sri Lanka prior to the emergence of the Mahayana texts, debate exists as to whether the Theravada were historically included in the hinayana designation; in the modern era, this label is seen as derogatory, and is generally avoided."}], ["Menurut tradisi Mahayana, sutra Mahayana dipancarkan secara rahsia, berasal dari Buddha atau Bodhisattva lain, atau dipelihara di dunia bukan manusia kerana manusia pada masa itu tidak dapat memahami mereka: <> Apa sutra ditularkan secara rahsia? || Mahayana <> Apa sutra boleh dipelihara di dunia bukan manusia? || Mahayana <> Apa tradisi mengatakan bahawa sutra mungkin berasal dari Buddha atau Bodhisattva lain? || Tradisi Mahayana", {"qas": [{"question": "What sutras were transmitted in secret?", "id": "56d29e6759d6e41400146150", "answers": [{"text": "Mahayana", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sutras could have been preserved in non-human worlds?", "id": "56d29e6759d6e41400146151", "answers": [{"text": "Mahayana", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What tradition says that sutras might have come from other Buddhas or Bodhisattvas?", "id": "56d29e6759d6e41400146152", "answers": [{"text": "Mahayana tradition", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to Mahayana tradition, the Mahayana sutras were transmitted in secret, came from other Buddhas or Bodhisattvas, or were preserved in non-human worlds because human beings at the time could not understand them:"}], ["Sutra Mahayana adalah genre yang sangat luas kitab suci Buddhis bahawa tradisi Buddhis Mahayana memegang ajaran asli Sang Buddha. Sesetengah penganut Mahayana menerima kedua-dua ajaran awal (termasuk Sarvastivada Abhidharma, yang dikritik oleh Nagarjuna dan sebenarnya menentang pemikiran Buddha awal) dan sastera Mahayana sebagai ajaran otentik Gautama Buddha, dan mendakwa mereka telah direka untuk pelbagai jenis orang dan tahap pemahaman rohani yang berlainan. <> Apa yang dianggap sebagai ajaran asli Buddha? || Mahayana sutras <> Apakah genre yang sangat luas tulisan suci Buddha? || Mahayana sutra <> Ajaran apa yang dikritik oleh Nagarjuna? || Sarvastivada Abhidharma", {"qas": [{"question": "What are considered the original teachings of the Buddha?", "id": "56d29d4659d6e41400146144", "answers": [{"text": "Mahayana sutras", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a very broad genre of Buddhist scripture?", "id": "56d29d4659d6e41400146145", "answers": [{"text": "Mahayana sutras", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What teaching was criticized by Nagarjuna?", "id": "56d29d4659d6e41400146146", "answers": [{"text": "Sarvastivada Abhidharma", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Mahayana sutras are a very broad genre of Buddhist scriptures that the Mahayana Buddhist tradition holds are original teachings of the Buddha. Some adherents of Mahayana accept both the early teachings (including in this the Sarvastivada Abhidharma, which was criticized by Nagarjuna and is in fact opposed to early Buddhist thought) and the Mahayana sutras as authentic teachings of Gautama Buddha, and claim they were designed for different types of persons and different levels of spiritual understanding."}], ["Cendekiawan Isabelle Onians menegaskan bahawa walaupun \"Mah\u0101y\u0101na ... sangat kadang-kadang merujuk kepada Buddhisme dahulu sebagai Hinay\u0101na, Cara Inferior,\" \"penguasaan nama ini dalam kesusasteraan sekunder jauh dari perkiraan dengan kejadian dalam teks-teks India. \" Beliau menyatakan bahawa istilah \u015ar\u0101vakay\u0101na adalah \"istilah yang lebih politikal dan lebih biasa\" yang digunakan oleh Mah\u0101y\u0101nists. Jonathan Silk telah mendakwa bahawa istilah \"Hinayana\" digunakan untuk merujuk kepada sesiapa yang ingin mengkritik pada apa-apa kesempatan, dan tidak merujuk kepada mana-mana kelompok Buddha yang pasti. <> Mahayana sering merujuk kepada Buddhisme awal sebagai apa? || Hinayana <> Istilah apa istilah istilah yang lebih tepat untuk Hinayana? || \u015ar\u0101vakay\u0101na", {"qas": [{"question": "The mahayana occasionally referred to early Buddhism as what?", "id": "56d2a16f59d6e41400146168", "answers": [{"text": "Hinayana", "answer_start": 441}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term was more politically correct term for the word Hinayana?", "id": "56d2a16f59d6e4140014616a", "answers": [{"text": "\u015ar\u0101vakay\u0101na", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Scholar Isabelle Onians asserts that although \"the Mah\u0101y\u0101na ... very occasionally referred contemptuously to earlier Buddhism as the Hinay\u0101na, the Inferior Way,\" \"the preponderance of this name in the secondary literature is far out of proportion to occurrences in the Indian texts.\" She notes that the term \u015ar\u0101vakay\u0101na was \"the more politically correct and much more usual\" term used by Mah\u0101y\u0101nists. Jonathan Silk has argued that the term \"Hinayana\" was used to refer to whomever one wanted to criticize on any given occasion, and did not refer to any definite grouping of Buddhists."}], ["Secara umum, para ulama menyimpulkan bahawa kitab-kitab Mahayana terdiri daripada kurun ke-1 CE dan seterusnya: \"Banyak sutra Mahayana yang banyak dikarang pada masa antara permulaan era umum dan abad kelima\", lima abad selepas Buddha Gautama yang bersejarah. Sebahagian daripada mereka mempunyai akar-akarnya dalam kitab-kitab lain yang ditulis pada abad ke-1 SM. Tidak sampai selepas abad ke-5 CE bahawa sutra Mahayana mula mempengaruhi tingkah laku para penganut agama arus utama di India: \"Tetapi di luar teks, sekurang-kurangnya di India, pada masa yang sama, sangat berbeza - sebenarnya kelihatannya lebih tua idea dan aspirasi nampaknya memotivasi tingkah laku sebenar, dan kumpulan Hinnayana yang lama dan mapan nampaknya menjadi satu-satunya yang dilindungi dan disokong. \" Teks-teks ini nampaknya tidak diterima secara universal di kalangan penganut Buddha India ketika mereka muncul; label Hinayana yang dipancarkan oleh para penyokong Mahayana kepada mereka yang menolak saman Mahayana. <> Bilakah Mahayana sutras mula mempengaruhi tingkah laku para buddhist arus perdana di India? || selepas abad ke-5 CE <> Apakah label pejoratif bagi mereka yang menolak sutra Mahayana? || Hinayana", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Mahayana sutras start to influence the behavior of mainstream buddhists in India?", "id": "56d29fc959d6e4140014615c", "answers": [{"text": "after the 5th century CE", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the pejorative label for those that rejected Mahayana sutras?", "id": "56d29fc959d6e4140014615d", "answers": [{"text": "Hinayana", "answer_start": 900}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Generally, scholars conclude that the Mahayana scriptures were composed from the 1st century CE onwards: \"Large numbers of Mahayana sutras were being composed in the period between the beginning of the common era and the fifth century\", five centuries after the historical Gautama Buddha. Some of these had their roots in other scriptures composed in the 1st century BCE. It was not until after the 5th century CE that the Mahayana sutras started to influence the behavior of mainstream Buddhists in India: \"But outside of texts, at least in India, at exactly the same period, very different\u2014in fact seemingly older\u2014ideas and aspirations appear to be motivating actual behavior, and old and established Hinnayana groups appear to be the only ones that are patronized and supported.\" These texts were apparently not universally accepted among Indian Buddhists when they appeared; the pejorative label Hinayana was applied by Mahayana supporters to those who rejected the Mahayana sutras."}], ["Buddhisme menyediakan banyak peluang untuk kajian komparatif dengan pelbagai subjek. Sebagai contoh, penekanan Buddhisme terhadap cara Menengah bukan sahaja memberikan garis panduan yang unik untuk etika tetapi juga membenarkan Buddhisme untuk hidup secara aman dengan pelbagai kepercayaan, kebiasaan dan institusi yang berbeza di negara-negara di mana ia telah tinggal sepanjang sejarahnya. Juga, persamaan moral dan kerohaniannya dengan sistem pemikiran lain-contohnya, dengan pelbagai kepercayaan Kristian-telah menjadi subjek kajian mendalam. Di samping itu, konsep asal-usul Buddhis yang berasal dari masa kini bergantung kepada pemikiran sains moden, serta metafizik Barat. <> Apa yang menyediakan peluang untuk kajian perbandingan dengan pelbagai subjek? || Buddhisme <> Penekanan Buddhisme di Middle Way memberikan panduan untuk apa? || etika <> Buddism mempunyai jenis persamaan dengan sistem pemikiran yang lain? || moral dan rohani <> Buddhisme mempunyai simili yang serupa dengan agama lain yang biasa? || Konsep agama Kristian <> Buddha tentang asal usul bergantung kepada apa pemikiran moden? || saintifik", {"qas": [{"question": "What provides chances for comparative study with a large range of subjects?", "id": "56d2a28059d6e4140014616e", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhism", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Buddhism's emphasis on the Middle Way provides a guideline for what?", "id": "56d2a28059d6e4140014616f", "answers": [{"text": "ethics", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Buddism has what kind of parallels withother systems of thought?", "id": "56d2a28059d6e41400146170", "answers": [{"text": "moral and spiritual", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Buddhism had similiar tenets to what other common religion?", "id": "56d2a28059d6e41400146171", "answers": [{"text": "Christianity", "answer_start": 465}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to what modern thought?", "id": "56d2a28059d6e41400146172", "answers": [{"text": "scientific", "answer_start": 600}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Buddhism provides many opportunities for comparative study with a diverse range of subjects. For example, Buddhism's emphasis on the Middle way not only provides a unique guideline for ethics but has also allowed Buddhism to peacefully coexist with various differing beliefs, customs and institutions in countries where it has resided throughout its history. Also, its moral and spiritual parallels with other systems of thought\u2014for example, with various tenets of Christianity\u2014have been subjects of close study. In addition, the Buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to modern scientific thought, as well as Western metaphysics."}]], [["Musim pertama dihoskan oleh Ryan Seacrest dan Brian Dunkleman. Dunkleman berhenti selepas itu, menjadikan Seacrest satu-satunya emcee pertunjukan bermula dengan musim dua. <> Siapa satu-satunya American Idol selepas musim pertama? || Ryan Seacrest <> Host mana yang berhenti selepas musim pertama? || Brian Dunkleman", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the only host of American Idol after season one?", "id": "56d369f459d6e4140014632b", "answers": [{"text": "Ryan Seacrest", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which host quit after the first season?", "id": "56daf29ee7c41114004b4b66", "answers": [{"text": "Brian Dunkleman", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first season was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman. Dunkleman quit thereafter, making Seacrest the sole emcee of the show starting with season two."}], ["Untuk lapan tahun berturut-turut yang tidak pernah berlaku sebelum ini, dari musim televisyen 2003-04 melalui musim 2010-11, sama ada persembahan atau hasil rancangannya telah menduduki tempat ke-1 dalam penarafan televisyen A.S.. Populariti American Idol bagaimanapun merosot, dan pada 11 Mei 2015, Fox mengumumkan bahawa siri itu akan membuat kesimpulannya dalam musim kelima belas. <> Tahun apa FOX mengumumkan bahawa American Idol dibatalkan? || 2015 <> Tahun apa FOX mengumumkan pembatalan American Idol? || 2015 <> Berapa banyak musim yang dilakukan oleh American Idol? || 15 <> Berapa tahun berturut-turut apakah American Idol berada di kedudukan nombor satu dalam penarafan? || lapan <> Bilakah Fox mengumumkan bahawa American Idol berakhir? || 11 Mei 2015", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did FOX announce that American Idol was cancelled?", "id": "56d223d5e7d4791d009026a5", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did FOX announce the cancellation of American Idol?", "id": "56d366ee59d6e414001462f4", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For how many seasons did American Idol air? ", "id": "56d366ee59d6e414001462f6", "answers": [{"text": "15", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many consecutive years did American Idol been ranked number one in ratings?", "id": "56daed37e7c41114004b4b2d", "answers": [{"text": "eight", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Fox announce that American Idol is ending?", "id": "56daed37e7c41114004b4b2e", "answers": [{"text": "May 11, 2015", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "For an unprecedented eight consecutive years, from the 2003\u201304 television season through the 2010\u201311 season, either its performance or result show had been ranked number one in U.S. television ratings. The popularity of American Idol however declined, and on May 11, 2015, Fox announced that the series would conclude its run in its fifteenth season."}], ["Kejayaan American Idol telah digambarkan sebagai \"sejarah yang tiada tandingan dalam penyiaran\". Siri ini juga dikatakan oleh seorang eksekutif TV saingan untuk menjadi \"pertunjukan yang paling berkesan dalam sejarah televisyen\". Ia telah menjadi batu loncatan yang diiktiraf untuk melancarkan kerjaya ramai artis sebagai bintang bona fide. Menurut majalah Billboard, dalam sepuluh tahun pertama, \"Idol telah membawakan 345 Billboard top-toppers dan peleton patung pop, termasuk Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood, Chris Daughtry, Fantasia, Ruben Studdard, Jennifer Hudson, Clay Aiken, Adam Lambert dan Jordin Sparks sambil mengekalkan juggernaut rating TV. \" <> Berapa banyak hits Billboard yang dihasilkan American Idol dalam sepuluh tahun pertama? || 345 <> Siapa yang memanggil American Idol \"pertunjukan yang paling berkesan dalam sejarah televisyen\"? || seorang eksekutif TV saingan <> Siapa yang menjadi idola pop yang bermula di American Idol? || Fantasia <> Berapa banyak pencetak carta Billboard yang telah memainkan peranan American Idol dalam sepuluh musim pertama? || 345 <> Siapa kata bahawa American Idol adalah \"pertunjukan paling berkesan dalam sejarah televisyen? || seorang eksekutif TV saingan", {"qas": [{"question": "How many Billboard hits did American Idol produce in its first ten years?", "id": "56d22394e7d4791d0090269b", "answers": [{"text": "345", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who called American Idol \"the most impactful show in the history of television\"?", "id": "56d22394e7d4791d0090269d", "answers": [{"text": "a rival TV executive", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was a pop idol that started on American Idol?", "id": "56d366bb59d6e414001462ee", "answers": [{"text": "Fantasia", "answer_start": 493}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Billboard chart toppers did American Idol contestants have within the first ten seasons?", "id": "56daece1e7c41114004b4b29", "answers": [{"text": "345", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said that American Idol is \"the most impactful show in the history of televsion?", "id": "56daece1e7c41114004b4b2a", "answers": [{"text": "a rival TV executive", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The success of American Idol has been described as \"unparalleled in broadcasting history\". The series was also said by a rival TV executive to be \"the most impactful show in the history of television\". It has become a recognized springboard for launching the career of many artists as bona fide stars. According to Billboard magazine, in its first ten years, \"Idol has spawned 345 Billboard chart-toppers and a platoon of pop idols, including Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood, Chris Daughtry, Fantasia, Ruben Studdard, Jennifer Hudson, Clay Aiken, Adam Lambert and Jordin Sparks while remaining a TV ratings juggernaut.\""}], ["Hakim-hakim tetamu kadang-kadang boleh diperkenalkan. Pada musim kedua, para hakim tamu seperti Lionel Richie dan Robin Gibb digunakan, dan pada musim ketiga Donna Summer, Quentin Tarantino dan beberapa mentor juga bergabung sebagai hakim untuk mengkritik persembahan pada pusingan akhir. Hakim-hakim tamu telah digunakan pada pusingan akhir untuk musim empat, enam, sembilan, dan empat belas seperti Gene Simmons dan LL Cool J pada musim keempat, Jewel dan Olivia Newton-John dalam musim enam, Shania Twain dalam lapan musim, Neil Patrick Harris, Avril Lavigne dan Katy Perry pada musim sembilan, dan musim lapan pelari, Adam Lambert, dalam empat belas musim. <> Pada musim apakah Lionel Richie seorang hakim tamu di American Idol? || musim dua <> Yang manakah lapan peserta adalah hakim tamu dalam empat belas musim? || Adam Lambert <> Dalam apa musim Donna Summer menjadi hakim tamu di American Idol? || musim tiga <> Di mana musim itu Shania Twain menjadi hakim tamu di American Idol? || musim enam <> Musim mana American Idol menampilkan Katy Perry sebagai hakim tetamu? || musim sembilan <> Siapa hakim tetamu dalam musim dua? || Lionel Richie dan Robin Gibb <> Bilakah Shania Twain menjadi hakim tetamu untuk bertajuk? || musim lapan <> Bilakah Donna Summer membantu peserta dalam pusingan akhir? || musim ketiga", {"qas": [{"question": "In what season was Lionel Richie a guest judge on American Idol?", "id": "56d369ca59d6e41400146320", "answers": [{"text": "season two", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which season eight contestant was a guest judge in season fourteen?", "id": "56d369ca59d6e41400146321", "answers": [{"text": "Adam Lambert", "answer_start": 576}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what season was Donna Summer a guest judge on American Idol?", "id": "56d369ca59d6e41400146322", "answers": [{"text": "season three", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which season was Shania Twain a guest judge on American Idol?", "id": "56d369ca59d6e41400146323", "answers": [{"text": "season six", "answer_start": 440}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which season of American Idol featured Katy Perry as a guest judge?", "id": "56d369ca59d6e41400146324", "answers": [{"text": "season nine", "answer_start": 535}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were the guest judges in season two?", "id": "56daf26ae7c41114004b4b5b", "answers": [{"text": "Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Shania Twain a guest judge for auditions?", "id": "56daf26ae7c41114004b4b5c", "answers": [{"text": "season eight", "answer_start": 468}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Donna Summer help the contestants during the final rounds?", "id": "56daf26ae7c41114004b4b5e", "answers": [{"text": "season three", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Guest judges may occasionally be introduced. In season two, guest judges such as Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb were used, and in season three Donna Summer, Quentin Tarantino and some of the mentors also joined as judges to critique the performances in the final rounds. Guest judges were used in the audition rounds for seasons four, six, nine, and fourteen such as Gene Simmons and LL Cool J in season four, Jewel and Olivia Newton-John in season six, Shania Twain in season eight, Neil Patrick Harris, Avril Lavigne and Katy Perry in season nine, and season eight runner-up, Adam Lambert, in season fourteen."}], ["Pada tahun 2001, Fuller, Cowell, dan penerbit TV Simon Jones cuba menjual format Pop Idol ke Amerika Syarikat, tetapi idea itu dipenuhi dengan sambutan buruk dari rangkaian televisyen Amerika Syarikat. Walau bagaimanapun, Rupert Murdoch, ketua syarikat induk Fox, telah dibujuk untuk membeli rancangan itu oleh anak perempuannya, Elisabeth, yang merupakan penggemar pertunjukan British. Pertunjukan itu dinamakan semula sebagai American Idol: Mencari Superstar dan memulakan kerjaya pada musim panas 2002. Cowell pada mulanya menawarkan pekerjaan itu sebagai showrunner tetapi ditolak; Lythgoe kemudian mengambil alih kedudukan itu. Banyak kejutan Cowell, ia menjadi salah satu acara hit untuk musim panas tahun itu. Pertunjukan itu, dengan penglibatan peribadi para penonton dengan para peserta melalui pengundian, dan kehadiran Cowell sebagai asam hakim, menjadi fenomena. Menjelang tahun 2004, ia telah menjadi pertunjukan yang paling ditonton di A.S., kedudukan yang dipegangnya selama tujuh musim berturut-turut. <> Berapa banyak musim adalah American Idol yang paling ditonton di Amerika Syarikat? || tujuh <> tahun berapa udara Amerika Idol pertama di FOX? || 2002 <> Tahun berapa pengeluar cuba menjual format Pop Idol di Amerika Syarikat? || 2001 <> Siapa yang bercakap Rupert Murdoch untuk membeli American Idol untuk FOX? || anaknya Elisabeth <> Siapa ketua syarikat induk Fox? || Rupert Murdoch <> Apakah Pop Idol dinamakan semula sebagai debut Amerika? || American Idol: Mencari Superstar", {"qas": [{"question": "For how many seasons was American Idol the most watched show in the US?", "id": "56d3686b59d6e41400146304", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 884}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did American Idol first air on FOX?", "id": "56d3686b59d6e41400146305", "answers": [{"text": "2002", "answer_start": 432}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did producers attempt to sell the Pop Idol format in the United States? ", "id": "56d3686b59d6e41400146307", "answers": [{"text": "2001", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who talked Rupert Murdoch into buying American Idol for FOX?", "id": "56d3686b59d6e41400146308", "answers": [{"text": "his daughter Elisabeth", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the head of Fox's parent company?", "id": "56daeed2e7c41114004b4b3d", "answers": [{"text": "Rupert Murdoch", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Pop Idol renamed to for its American debut?", "id": "56daeed2e7c41114004b4b3f", "answers": [{"text": "American Idol: The Search for a Superstar", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2001, Fuller, Cowell, and TV producer Simon Jones attempted to sell the Pop Idol format to the United States, but the idea was met with poor response from United States television networks. However, Rupert Murdoch, head of Fox's parent company, was persuaded to buy the show by his daughter Elisabeth, who was a fan of the British show. The show was renamed American Idol: The Search for a Superstar and debuted in the summer of 2002. Cowell was initially offered the job as showrunner but refused; Lythgoe then took over that position. Much to Cowell's surprise, it became one of the hit shows for the summer that year. The show, with the personal engagement of the viewers with the contestants through voting, and the presence of the acid-tongued Cowell as a judge, grew into a phenomenon. By 2004, it had become the most-watched show in the U.S., a position it then held on for seven consecutive seasons."}], ["Acara itu pada asalnya merancang untuk mempunyai empat hakim mengikut format Pop Idol; Walau bagaimanapun, hanya tiga hakim telah ditemui pada masa pusingan pemerhati di musim pertama, iaitu Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul dan Simon Cowell. Hakim keempat, DJ Stryker radio, pada asalnya dipilih tetapi dia tidak lagi memetik \"kebimbangan imej\". Pada musim kedua, keperibadian radio New York, Angie Martinez telah disewa sebagai hakim keempat tetapi menarik diri selepas beberapa hari mengikuti ujian kerana tidak selesa dengan memberikan kritikan. Pertunjukan itu memutuskan untuk meneruskan dengan tiga format hakim sehingga lapan musim. Kesemua tiga hakim asli tetap berada di panel hakim selama lapan musim. <> Untuk berapa musim tiga hakim asli di American Idol? || lapan <> Berapa banyak hakim yang asalnya dirancang untuk American Idol? || empat <> Apa personaliti radio New York disewa sebagai hakim untuk American Idol pada musim dua tapi enggan? || Angie Martinez <> Apa DJ radio pada awalnya diupah sebagai hakim pada musim tetapi menolak? || Stryker <> Berapa banyak hakim pada mulanya ditujukan untuk persembahan? || empat <> hakim mana yang berhenti sebelum perdana, yang memaparkan kebimbangan imej? || DJ Stryker <> Semasa Musim dua, hakim yang berhenti selepas beberapa hari? || Angie Martinez <> Bilakah American Idol berubah ke panel empat hakim? || musim lapan", {"qas": [{"question": "For how many seasons were the three original judges on American Idol?", "id": "56d368b859d6e4140014630e", "answers": [{"text": "eight", "answer_start": 606}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many judges were originally planned for American Idol?", "id": "56d368b859d6e4140014630f", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What New York radio personalty was hired as a judge for American Idol in season two but declined?", "id": "56d368b859d6e41400146310", "answers": [{"text": "Angie Martinez", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What radio DJ was originally hired as a judge in season one but declined?", "id": "56d368b859d6e41400146311", "answers": [{"text": "Stryker", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many judges were originally intended for the show?", "id": "56daf04ae7c41114004b4b47", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which judge quit before the premiere, citing image concerns?", "id": "56daf04ae7c41114004b4b48", "answers": [{"text": "DJ Stryker", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During Season two, which judge quit after a few days?", "id": "56daf04ae7c41114004b4b49", "answers": [{"text": "Angie Martinez", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did American Idol change to a four-judge panel?", "id": "56daf04ae7c41114004b4b4b", "answers": [{"text": "season eight", "answer_start": 599}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The show had originally planned on having four judges following the Pop Idol format; however, only three judges had been found by the time of the audition round in the first season, namely Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell. A fourth judge, radio DJ Stryker, was originally chosen but he dropped out citing \"image concerns\". In the second season, New York radio personality Angie Martinez had been hired as a fourth judge but withdrew only after a few days of auditions due to not being comfortable with giving out criticism. The show decided to continue with the three judges format until season eight. All three original judges stayed on the judging panel for eight seasons."}], ["American Idol menggunakan panel hakim yang mengkritik persembahan para peserta. Hakim-hakim yang asli adalah pengeluar dan pengeluar muzik rekaman Randy Jackson, penyanyi pop dan koreografer Paula Abdul dan eksekutif muzik dan pengurus Simon Cowell. Panel penghakiman untuk musim yang paling baru terdiri daripada penyanyi negara, Keith Urban, penyanyi dan pelakon Jennifer Lopez, dan penyanyi jazz, Harry Connick, Jr. Acara ini pada asalnya dihoskan oleh personaliti radio Ryan Seacrest dan pelawak Brian Dunkleman, dengan Seacrest meneruskan sisa musim. <> Apa pengeluar rekod adalah hakim asal American Idol? || Randy Jackson <> Apa pelawak yang menjadi tuan rumah asal American Idol? || Brian Dunkleman <> Apa aktris yang menjadi hakim pada musim terkini American Idol? || Jennifer Lopez <> Siapa yang menjadi tuan rumah pada semua musim American Idol? || Ryan Seacrest <> Apa pelawak yang menjadi tuan rumah asal American Idol? || Brian Dunkleman <> Apa penyanyi pop adalah hakim asal American Idol? || Paula Abdul <> Apa aktris yang menjadi hakim pada musim idola Amerika yang terkini? || Jennifer Lopez <> Hakim asal mana yang merupakan pengeluar rekod dan pengurus muzik? || Randy Jackson <> Yang hakim asal adalah seorang koreografer? || Paula Abdul <> Hakim asal mana yang merupakan eksekutif muzik? || Simon Cowell <> Hakim mana yang menjadi penyanyi muzik negara? || Keith Urban <> Hakim mana yang menjadi penyanyi jazz? || Harry Connick, Jr.", {"qas": [{"question": "What record producer was an original judge on American Idol?", "id": "56d2202ce7d4791d00902679", "answers": [{"text": "Randy Jackson", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What comedian was an original host on American Idol? ", "id": "56d2202ce7d4791d0090267a", "answers": [{"text": "Brian Dunkleman", "answer_start": 480}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What actress is a judge on the most current season of American Idol? ", "id": "56d2202ce7d4791d0090267c", "answers": [{"text": "Jennifer Lopez", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was a host on all seasons of American Idol?", "id": "56d2202ce7d4791d0090267d", "answers": [{"text": "Ryan Seacrest", "answer_start": 453}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What comedian was an original host on American Idol?", "id": "56d3665c59d6e414001462e1", "answers": [{"text": "Brian Dunkleman", "answer_start": 480}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What pop singer was an original judge on American Idol?", "id": "56d3665c59d6e414001462e2", "answers": [{"text": "Paula Abdul", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What actress is a judge on the most current season of American Idol?", "id": "56d3665c59d6e414001462e3", "answers": [{"text": "Jennifer Lopez", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which original judge was a record producer and music manager?", "id": "56daec56e7c41114004b4b1f", "answers": [{"text": "Randy Jackson", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which original judge was a choreographer?", "id": "56daec56e7c41114004b4b20", "answers": [{"text": "Paula Abdul", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which original judge was a music executive?", "id": "56daec56e7c41114004b4b21", "answers": [{"text": "Simon Cowell", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which judge is a country music singer?", "id": "56daec56e7c41114004b4b22", "answers": [{"text": "Keith Urban", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which judge is a jazz singer?", "id": "56daec56e7c41114004b4b23", "answers": [{"text": "Harry Connick, Jr.", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "American Idol employs a panel of judges who critique the contestants' performances. The original judges were record producer and music manager Randy Jackson, pop singer and choreographer Paula Abdul and music executive and manager Simon Cowell. The judging panel for the most recent season consisted of country singer Keith Urban, singer and actress Jennifer Lopez, and jazz singer Harry Connick, Jr. The show was originally hosted by radio personality Ryan Seacrest and comedian Brian Dunkleman, with Seacrest continuing on for the rest of the seasons."}], ["American Idol adalah siri persaudaraan nyanyian Amerika yang dicipta oleh Simon Fuller dan dihasilkan oleh 19 Hiburan, dan diedarkan oleh FremantleMedia Amerika Utara. Ia mula ditayangkan pada Fox pada 11 Jun 2002, sebagai tambahan kepada format Idol berdasarkan siri British Pop Idol dan sejak itu menjadi salah satu persembahan paling berjaya dalam sejarah televisyen Amerika. Konsep siri ini adalah untuk mencari artis rakaman solo baru, dengan pemenang ditentukan oleh penonton di Amerika. Pemenang yang dipilih oleh pemirsa melalui telefon, Internet dan pengundian teks SMS ialah Kelly Clarkson, Ruben Studdard, Fantasia Barrino, Carrie Underwood, Taylor Hicks, Jordin Sparks, David Cook, Kris Allen, Lee DeWyze, Scotty McCreery, Phillip Phillips, Candice Glover, Caleb Johnson, dan Nick Fradiani. <> Siapa pencipta American Idol? || Simon Fuller <> Apa syarikat menghasilkan idola Amerika? || 19 Hiburan <> Tahun apa American Idol mula ditayangkan? || 2002 <> Apa rancangan British adalah format American Idols berdasarkan? || Pop Idol <> Apakah rangkaian televisyen apakah American Idol di udara? || Fox <> Apa syarikat menghasilkan American Idol? || 19 Hiburan <> Apakah siri British adalah format American Idols berdasarkan? || Pop Idol <> Siapa yang membuat American Idol? || Simon Fuller <> Siapa yang menghasilkan American Idol? || 19 Entertainment <> Kapan American Idol pertama berudara di TV? || 11 Jun 2002 <> Apa rancangan British adalah American Idol berdasarkan? || Pop Idol", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is the creator of American Idol?", "id": "56d21eb1e7d4791d00902667", "answers": [{"text": "Simon Fuller", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company produces American idol?", "id": "56d21eb1e7d4791d00902668", "answers": [{"text": "19 Entertainment", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did American Idol begin airing?", "id": "56d21eb1e7d4791d00902669", "answers": [{"text": "2002", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What British show is American Idols format based on?", "id": "56d21eb1e7d4791d0090266a", "answers": [{"text": "Pop Idol", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What television network does American Idol air on?", "id": "56d21eb1e7d4791d0090266b", "answers": [{"text": "Fox", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company produces American Idol?", "id": "56d3661659d6e414001462d7", "answers": [{"text": "19 Entertainment", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What British series is American Idols format based on?", "id": "56d3661659d6e414001462d8", "answers": [{"text": "Pop Idol", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created American Idol?", "id": "56daebe7e7c41114004b4b15", "answers": [{"text": "Simon Fuller", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who produced American Idol?", "id": "56daebe7e7c41114004b4b16", "answers": [{"text": "19 Entertainment", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did American Idol first air on TV?", "id": "56daebe7e7c41114004b4b18", "answers": [{"text": "June 11, 2002", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What British show was American Idol based on?", "id": "56daebe7e7c41114004b4b19", "answers": [{"text": "Pop Idol", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "American Idol is an American singing competition series created by Simon Fuller and produced by 19 Entertainment, and is distributed by FremantleMedia North America. It began airing on Fox on June 11, 2002, as an addition to the Idols format based on the British series Pop Idol and has since become one of the most successful shows in the history of American television. The concept of the series is to find new solo recording artists, with the winner being determined by the viewers in America. Winners chosen by viewers through telephone, Internet, and SMS text voting were Kelly Clarkson, Ruben Studdard, Fantasia Barrino, Carrie Underwood, Taylor Hicks, Jordin Sparks, David Cook, Kris Allen, Lee DeWyze, Scotty McCreery, Phillip Phillips, Candice Glover, Caleb Johnson, and Nick Fradiani."}], ["American Idol didasarkan pada pameran British Pop Idol yang dicipta oleh Simon Fuller, yang pada gilirannya diilhamkan oleh pertandingan penyanyi nyanyian televisyen New Zealand Popstars. Pengeluar televisyen Nigel Lythgoe melihatnya di Australia dan membantu membawanya ke Britain. Fuller diilhamkan oleh idea dari Popstars menggunakan panel hakim untuk memilih penyanyi dalam uji bakat. Dia kemudian menambah unsur-unsur lain, seperti pengundian telefon oleh orang ramai menonton (yang pada masa itu telah digunakan dalam pertunjukan seperti Peraduan Lagu Eurovision), drama backstories dan opera sabun kehidupan nyata yang berlaku dalam masa nyata. Pertunjukan itu bermula pada tahun 2001 di Britain dengan Lythgoe sebagai showrunner-pengeluar eksekutif dan pengeluaran eksekutif-dan Simon Cowell sebagai salah satu hakim, dan merupakan kejayaan besar dengan orang ramai menonton. <> Apa yang ditunjukkan di New Zealand adalah inspirasi untuk British Idol Pop Siri? || Popstars <> Siapa yang pencipta Pop Idol British Series? || <Span style = \"font-weight: bold;\"> || 2001 <> Siapa hakim pada siri British Pop Idol pada tahun 2001? || Simon Cowell <> Wha adalah pengeluar eksekutif Pop Idol pada tahun 2001? || Nigel Lythgoe <> Apa rancangannya adalah Pop Idol berdasarkan? || Popstars <> Siapa yang melihat Popstars semasa di Australia dan mahu Britain mempunyai perkara yang sama? || Nigel Lythgoe <> Sebagai tambahan kepada cerita dan drama belakang, apa yang Fuller menambah kepada persembahan? || pengundian telefon <> Bilakah perdana Pop Idol di Britain? || 2001 <> Siapa pengeluar eksekutif Pop Idol? || Lythgoe", {"qas": [{"question": "What show in New Zealand was the inspiration for the British Series Pop Idol?", "id": "56d367d259d6e414001462fa", "answers": [{"text": "Popstars", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the creator of British Series Pop Idol?", "id": "56d367d259d6e414001462fb", "answers": [{"text": "Simon Fuller", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Pop Idol make its television debut?", "id": "56d367d259d6e414001462fc", "answers": [{"text": "2001", "answer_start": 620}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was a judge on the British series Pop Idol in 2001?", "id": "56d367d259d6e414001462fd", "answers": [{"text": "Simon Cowell", "answer_start": 716}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Wha was the executive producer of Pop Idol in 2001?", "id": "56d367d259d6e414001462fe", "answers": [{"text": "Nigel Lythgoe", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What show was Pop Idols based on?", "id": "56daedd8e7c41114004b4b33", "answers": [{"text": "Popstars", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who saw Popstars while in Australia and wanted Britain to have the same thing?", "id": "56daedd8e7c41114004b4b34", "answers": [{"text": "Nigel Lythgoe", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to back stories and drama, what did Fuller add to the show?", "id": "56daedd8e7c41114004b4b35", "answers": [{"text": "telephone voting", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Pop Idol premiere in Britain?", "id": "56daedd8e7c41114004b4b36", "answers": [{"text": "2001", "answer_start": 620}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the executive producer of Pop Idol?", "id": "56daedd8e7c41114004b4b37", "answers": [{"text": "Lythgoe", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "American Idol was based on the British show Pop Idol created by Simon Fuller, which was in turn inspired by the New Zealand television singing competition Popstars. Television producer Nigel Lythgoe saw it in Australia and helped bring it over to Britain. Fuller was inspired by the idea from Popstars of employing a panel of judges to select singers in audition. He then added other elements, such as telephone voting by the viewing public (which at the time was already in use in shows such as the Eurovision Song Contest), the drama of backstories and real-life soap opera unfolding in real time. The show debuted in 2001 in Britain with Lythgoe as showrunner\u200d\u2014\u200cthe executive producer and production leader\u200d\u2014\u200cand Simon Cowell as one of the judges, and was a big success with the viewing public."}], ["Pada musim lapan, penerbit lagu dan penerbit rekod Latin Grammy yang dicalonkan Kara DioGuardi telah ditambah sebagai hakim keempat. Dia tinggal selama dua musim dan meninggalkan persembahan sebelum musim ten. Paula Abdul meninggalkan persembahan itu sebelum musim sembilan selepas gagal bersetuju dengan penerbit acara itu. Ellen DeGeneres yang memenangi penganugerahan Emmy memenangi Paula Abdul untuk musim itu, tetapi ditinggalkan selepas satu musim. Pada 11 Januari 2010, Simon Cowell mengumumkan bahawa dia telah meninggalkan persembahan untuk meneruskan memperkenalkan versi Amerika pertunjukannya The X Factor ke Amerika Syarikat untuk tahun 2011. Jennifer Lopez dan Steven Tyler menyertai panel hakim dalam sepuluh musim, tetapi kedua-duanya kiri selepas dua musim. Mereka digantikan oleh tiga hakim baru, Mariah Carey, Nicki Minaj dan Keith Urban, yang menyertai Randy Jackson pada musim ke-12. Namun kedua-dua Carey dan Minaj meninggalkan satu musim, dan Randy Jackson juga mengumumkan bahawa dia akan meninggalkan acara itu selepas dua belas musim seorang hakim tetapi akan kembali sebagai mentor. Urban adalah satu-satunya hakim dari musim 12 untuk kembali pada musim 13. Dia disertai oleh hakim sebelumnya Jennifer Lopez dan bekas mentor Harry Connick, Jr .. Lopez, Urban dan Connick, Jr. semuanya kembali sebagai hakim untuk musim keempat belas dan kelima belas pertunjukan . <> Siapa yang telah ditambah sebagai hakim keempat pada musim kelapan American Idol? || Kara DioGuardi <> Siapa yang menggantikan Paula Abdul sebagai hakim dalam sembilan musim American Idol? || Ellen DeGeneres <> Berapa banyak musim Steven Tyler seorang hakim terhadap American Idol? || dua <> tahun berapa Simon Cowell mengumumkan bahawa dia akan meninggalkan American Idol? || 2010 <> Apa rancangan yang disiarkan Simon Cowell pada 2011 selepas meninggalkan American Idol? || X Factor <> Siapa yang telah ditambah sebagai hakim keempat untuk musim kelapan? || Kara DioGuardi <> Bilakah Paula Abdul berhenti sebagai hakim? || sebelum musim sembilan <> Bilakah Simon Cowell mengumumkan bahawa dia tidak lagi menjadi hakim? || 11 Januari 2010 <> Yang tunjuk tunjuk rancangan tuan rumah menggantikan Paula Abdul? || Ellen DeGeneres <> Bilakah Steven Tyler menjadi hakim? || sepuluh musim", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was added as a fourth judge in the eighth season of American Idol?", "id": "56d3692959d6e41400146316", "answers": [{"text": "Kara DioGuardi", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who replaced Paula Abdul as a judge in season nine of American Idol?", "id": "56d3692959d6e41400146317", "answers": [{"text": "Ellen DeGeneres", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For how many seasons was Steven Tyler a judge on American Idol?", "id": "56d3692959d6e41400146318", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Simon Cowell announce that he was leaving American Idol?", "id": "56d3692959d6e41400146319", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 426}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What show did Simon Cowell launch in 2011 after leaving American Idol?", "id": "56d3692959d6e4140014631a", "answers": [{"text": "The X Factor", "answer_start": 539}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was added as a fourth judge for the eighth season?", "id": "56daf1b9e7c41114004b4b51", "answers": [{"text": "Kara DioGuardi", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Paula Abdul quit as a judge?", "id": "56daf1b9e7c41114004b4b52", "answers": [{"text": "before season nine", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Simon Cowell announce he was no longer going to be a judge?", "id": "56daf1b9e7c41114004b4b53", "answers": [{"text": "January 11, 2010", "answer_start": 414}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which talk show host replaced Paula Abdul?", "id": "56daf1b9e7c41114004b4b54", "answers": [{"text": "Ellen DeGeneres", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Steven Tyler become a judge?", "id": "56daf1b9e7c41114004b4b55", "answers": [{"text": "season ten", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In season eight, Latin Grammy Award-nominated singer\u2013songwriter and record producer Kara DioGuardi was added as a fourth judge. She stayed for two seasons and left the show before season ten. Paula Abdul left the show before season nine after failing to agree terms with the show producers. Emmy Award-winning talk show host Ellen DeGeneres replaced Paula Abdul for that season, but left after just one season. On January 11, 2010, Simon Cowell announced that he was leaving the show to pursue introducing the American version of his show The X Factor to the USA for 2011. Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler joined the judging panel in season ten, but both left after two seasons. They were replaced by three new judges, Mariah Carey, Nicki Minaj and Keith Urban, who joined Randy Jackson in season 12. However both Carey and Minaj left after one season, and Randy Jackson also announced that he would depart the show after twelve seasons as a judge but would return as a mentor. Urban is the only judge from season 12 to return in season 13. He was joined by previous judge Jennifer Lopez and former mentor Harry Connick, Jr.. Lopez, Urban and Connick, Jr. all returned as judges for the show's fourteenth and fifteenth seasons."}], ["Dari musim empat hingga tujuh dan sembilan, separuh akhir empat puluh separuh akhir dibahagikan dengan jantina untuk memastikan bahagian jantina yang sama di tangga dua belas. Lelaki dan perempuan menyanyikan secara berasingan pada malam berturut-turut, dan dua bawah dalam setiap kumpulan telah dihapuskan setiap minggu sehingga hanya enam dari masing-masing kekal membentuk dua belas teratas. <> Berapa banyak separuh akhir yang ada di musim 4? || dua puluh empat <> Bagaimana separuh akhir dibahagikan dalam empat musim? || oleh jantina <> Berapa ramai lelaki di atas dua belas pada musim lima American Idol? || enam <> Berapa ramai wanita yang berada di puncak dua belas pada musim sembilan American Idol? || enam <> Berapa banyak wanita separuh akhir dalam musim enam American Idol? || dua belas", {"qas": [{"question": "How many semi-finalists were there in season 4?", "id": "56d36d2859d6e41400146366", "answers": [{"text": "twenty-four", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How were the semi-finalists divided in season four?", "id": "56d36d2859d6e41400146367", "answers": [{"text": "by gender", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many men were in the top twelve on season five of American Idol?", "id": "56d36d2859d6e41400146368", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many women were in the top twelve on season nine of American Idol?", "id": "56d36d2859d6e41400146369", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many women were semi-finalists on season six of American Idol?", "id": "56d36d2859d6e4140014636a", "answers": [{"text": "twelve", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From seasons four to seven and nine, the twenty-four semi-finalists were divided by gender in order to ensure an equal gender division in the top twelve. The men and women sang separately on consecutive nights, and the bottom two in each groups were eliminated each week until only six of each remained to form the top twelve."}], ["Peluang umur yang layak untuk para peserta kini berusia lima belas hingga dua puluh lapan tahun. Had umur awal adalah enam belas hingga dua puluh empat dalam tiga musim pertama, tetapi batas atas dinaikkan kepada dua puluh lapan dalam empat musim, dan batas bawah dikurangkan menjadi lima belas dalam sepuluh musim. Peserta mestilah menjadi penduduk AS yang sah, tidak boleh maju ke tahap tertentu persaingan pada musim sebelumnya (bervariasi bergantung pada musim, kini pada peringkat separuh akhir hingga musim ke-13), dan tidak boleh memegang kontrak perwakilan atau bakat semasa oleh peringkat separuh akhir (pada tahun-tahun sebelumnya oleh peringkat uji bakat). <> Apakah batas usia atas para peserta di American Idol? || dua puluh lapan <> Bilakah had umur meningkat kepada 28? || musim keempat <> Buat masa ini, peserta tidak boleh mempunyai trek rakaman dengan peringkat peringkat pertandingan? || peringkat separuh akhir", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the upper age limit for contestants on American Idol?", "id": "56d36a9f59d6e41400146339", "answers": [{"text": "twenty-eight", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the age limit increased to 28?", "id": "56daf3c0e7c41114004b4b89", "answers": [{"text": "season four", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Currently, contestants can not have a recording track by what stage of the competition? ", "id": "56daf3c0e7c41114004b4b8b", "answers": [{"text": "semi-final stage", "answer_start": 462}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The eligible age-range for contestants is currently fifteen to twenty-eight years old. The initial age limit was sixteen to twenty-four in the first three seasons, but the upper limit was raised to twenty-eight in season four, and the lower limit was reduced to fifteen in season ten. The contestants must be legal U.S. residents, cannot have advanced to particular stages of the competition in previous seasons (varies depending on the season, currently by the semi-final stage until season thirteen), and must not hold any current recording or talent representation contract by the semi-final stage (in previous years by the audition stage)."}], ["Dalam tiga musim pertama, separuh akhir telah berpecah kepada kumpulan yang berbeza untuk melakukan secara individu di malam masing-masing. Pada musim pertama, terdapat tiga kumpulan sepuluh, dengan tiga peserta teratas dari setiap kumpulan membuat final. Pada musim dua dan tiga, terdapat empat kumpulan lapan, dan dua teratas setiap dipilih. Musim-musim ini juga memaparkan pusingan kad liar, di mana peserta yang gagal melayakkan diri diberikan peluang lain. Pada musim pertama, hanya satu peserta liar dipilih oleh hakim, dengan memberikan sepuluh peserta akhir. Pada musim dua dan tiga, masing-masing tiga hakim memenangi satu peserta dengan orang awam memajukan keempat ke final, menjadikan 12 finalis dalam semua. <> Berapa banyak finalis di sana pada musim pertama American Idol? || sepuluh <> Apakah nama putaran yang memberi peluang kepada peserta yang gagal? || wildcard <> Bagaimana separuh finalis berpecah untuk tampil dalam musim pertama? || tiga kumpulan sepuluh <> Bagaimana separuh finalis berpisah untuk tampil dalam musim dua dan tiga? || empat kumpulan lapan <> Bilakah pusingan kad liar menjadi faktor? || satu musim <> Berapa banyak finalis dipilih untuk musim? || sepuluh <> Berapa banyak finalis yang berjaya ke peringkat akhir untuk musim dua dan tiga? || 12", {"qas": [{"question": "How many finalists were there on the first season of American Idol?", "id": "56d36ce959d6e4140014635e", "answers": [{"text": "ten", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the round that gives failed contestants another chance?", "id": "56d36ce959d6e41400146360", "answers": [{"text": "wildcard", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How were the semi-finalists split up to perform in season one?", "id": "56daf725e7c41114004b4bc7", "answers": [{"text": "three groups of ten", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How were the semi-finalists split up to perform in seasons two and three?", "id": "56daf725e7c41114004b4bc8", "answers": [{"text": "four groups of eight", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the wildcard round become a factor?", "id": "56daf725e7c41114004b4bc9", "answers": [{"text": "season one", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many finalists were chosen for season one?", "id": "56daf725e7c41114004b4bca", "answers": [{"text": "ten", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many finalists made it to the finals for seasons two and three?", "id": "56daf725e7c41114004b4bcb", "answers": [{"text": "12", "answer_start": 689}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the first three seasons, the semi-finalists were split into different groups to perform individually in their respective night. In season one, there were three groups of ten, with the top three contestants from each group making the finals. In seasons two and three, there were four groups of eight, and the top two of each selected. These seasons also featured a wildcard round, where contestants who failed to qualify were given another chance. In season one, only one wildcard contestant was chosen by the judges, giving a total of ten finalists. In seasons two and three, each of the three judges championed one contestant with the public advancing a fourth into the finals, making 12 finalists in all."}], ["Bermula pada musim kesepuluh [rujukan?], Mentor kekal dibawa semasa pertunjukan langsung untuk membantu membimbing peserta dengan pilihan lagu dan prestasi mereka. Jimmy Iovine adalah mentor pada kesepuluh melalui musim kedua belas, mantan hakim Randy Jackson adalah mentor untuk musim ketiga belas dan Scott Borchetta adalah mentor untuk musim keempat belas dan kelima belas. Para mentor selalu membawa mentor tamu untuk membantu mereka, termasuk Akon, Alicia Keys, Lady Gaga, dan hakim saat ini, Harry Connick, Jr .. <Siapakah mentor kepada para peserta American Idol pada musim ketiga belas? || Randy Jackson <> Siapa yang mentorkan peserta dalam musim keempat belas dan lima belas American Idol? || Scott Borchetta <> Apa dua perkara yang mentor membantu para peserta? || pilihan lagu dan prestasi <> Siapa mentor untuk musim 10 - 12? || Jimmy Iovine <> Siapa mentor untuk musim 13? || Randy Jackson <> Siapa mentor untuk musim 14 dan 15? || Scott Borchetta", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was a mentor to the contestants on American Idol in its thirteenth season? ", "id": "56d36a6c59d6e4140014632e", "answers": [{"text": "Randy Jackson", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who mentored contestants in the fourteenth and fifteenth seasons of American Idol?", "id": "56d36a6c59d6e41400146330", "answers": [{"text": "Scott Borchetta", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two things did the mentors help the contestants with?", "id": "56daf310e7c41114004b4b74", "answers": [{"text": "song choice and performance", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the mentor for seasons 10 - 12?", "id": "56daf310e7c41114004b4b75", "answers": [{"text": "Jimmy Iovine", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the mentor for season 13?", "id": "56daf310e7c41114004b4b76", "answers": [{"text": "Randy Jackson", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the mentor for seasons 14 and 15?", "id": "56daf310e7c41114004b4b77", "answers": [{"text": "Scott Borchetta", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beginning in the tenth season[citation needed], permanent mentors were brought in during the live shows to help guide the contestants with their song choice and performance. Jimmy Iovine was the mentor in the tenth through twelfth seasons, former judge Randy Jackson was the mentor for the thirteenth season and Scott Borchetta was the mentor for the fourteenth and fifteenth season. The mentors regularly bring in guest mentors to aid them, including Akon, Alicia Keys, Lady Gaga, and current judge Harry Connick, Jr.."}], ["Pada musim sepuluh dan sebelas, pusingan seterusnya telah ditambah di Las Vegas, di mana para peserta melakukan kumpulan berdasarkan tema, diikuti oleh satu pusingan akhir untuk menentukan separuh akhir. Pada akhir peringkat pertandingan ini, 24 hingga 36 peserta dipilih untuk bergerak ke peringkat separuh akhir. Pada musim dua belas pusingan Las Vegas menjadi pusingan Kematian Mendadak, di mana hakim terpaksa memilih lima lelaki dan lima kanak-kanak perempuan setiap malam (empat malam) untuk membuat dua puluh teratas. Pada musim ketiga, satu pusingan baru yang dipanggil \"Hollywood atau Home\" ditambah, di mana sekiranya para hakim tidak pasti tentang beberapa peserta, para peserta perlu melakukan tidak lama selepas mendarat di Los Angeles, dan mereka yang gagal menarik perhatian dihantar pulang ke rumah sebelum mereka sampai di Hollywood. <> Di mana bandar peserta membuat pusingan tambahan pada musim sepuluh dan sebelas? || Las Vegas <> Apakah pusingan Las Vegas dipanggil pada musim dua belas? || Kematian mendadak <> Di mana musim adalah pusingan \"Hollywood atau Home\" ditambah kepada pertandingan? || dua belas", {"qas": [{"question": "In what city did contestants perform an additional round in seasons ten and eleven?", "id": "56d36c0559d6e4140014634e", "answers": [{"text": "Las Vegas", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Las Vegas round called in season twelve?", "id": "56d36c0559d6e4140014634f", "answers": [{"text": "Sudden Death", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which season was the \"Hollywood or Home\" round added to the competition?", "id": "56d36c0559d6e41400146350", "answers": [{"text": "twelve", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In seasons ten and eleven, a further round was added in Las Vegas, where the contestants perform in groups based on a theme, followed by one final solo round to determine the semi-finalists. At the end of this stage of the competition, 24 to 36 contestants are selected to move on to the semi-final stage. In season twelve the Las Vegas round became a Sudden Death round, where the judges had to choose five guys and five girls each night (four nights) to make the top twenty. In season thirteen, a new round called \"Hollywood or Home\" was added, where if the judges were uncertain about some contestants, those contestants were required to perform soon after landing in Los Angeles, and those who failed to impress were sent back home before they reached Hollywood."}], ["Peserta melalui sekurang-kurangnya tiga set pemotongan. Yang pertama adalah uji bakat ringkas dengan beberapa peserta lain di hadapan pemilih yang mungkin termasuk salah satu pengeluar pameran. Walaupun uji bakat boleh melebihi 10,000 di setiap bandar, hanya beberapa ratus dari ini yang membuatnya melewati pusingan awal audisi. Peserta yang berjaya kemudian menyanyi di hadapan pengeluar, di mana lebih banyak boleh dipotong. Hanya kemudian mereka boleh terus mengikuti audisi di hadapan para hakim, yang merupakan satu-satunya peringkat uji bakat yang ditunjukkan di televisyen. Mereka yang dipilih oleh hakim dihantar ke Hollywood. Antara 10-60 orang di setiap bandar boleh membuatnya ke Hollywood [rujukan?]. <> Berapa banyak jemputan di hadapan sebelum peserta membuat uji bakat untuk para hakim? || sekurang-kurangnya tiga <> Tahap uji mana yang disiarkan di televisyen? || para hakim <> Berapa banyak peserta yang membuatnya melalui uji bakat awal di setiap kota? || beberapa ratus <> Apa satu-satunya bahagian televised pusingan audion awal? || di hadapan para hakim <> Berapa banyak pusingan dapat seorang peserta membuatnya sebelum Hollywood? || tiga <> Siapa yang membuat persembahan di kalangan peserta dalam pusingan kedua semasa uji bakat? || pengeluar <> Jika para peserta mendapat persetujuan dari hakim, ke mana mereka pergi seterusnya? || Hollywood", {"qas": [{"question": "How many auditions are there before contestants audition for the judges?", "id": "56d36b3d59d6e4140014633f", "answers": [{"text": "at least three", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which audition stage is televised?", "id": "56d36b3d59d6e41400146340", "answers": [{"text": "the judges", "answer_start": 438}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many contestants make it through the initial auditions in each city?", "id": "56d36b3d59d6e41400146341", "answers": [{"text": "a few hundred", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the only televised portion of the preliminary audition rounds?", "id": "56daf479e7c41114004b4b91", "answers": [{"text": "in front of the judges", "answer_start": 426}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many rounds can a contestant make it through before Hollywood?", "id": "56daf479e7c41114004b4b92", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who do contestants sing for in the second round of cuts during auditions?", "id": "56daf479e7c41114004b4b93", "answers": [{"text": "producers", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If contestants get approval from the judges, where do they go next?", "id": "56daf479e7c41114004b4b94", "answers": [{"text": "Hollywood", "answer_start": 545}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Contestants go through at least three sets of cuts. The first is a brief audition with a few other contestants in front of selectors which may include one of the show's producers. Although auditions can exceed 10,000 in each city, only a few hundred of these make it past the preliminary round of auditions. Successful contestants then sing in front of producers, where more may be cut. Only then can they proceed to audition in front of the judges, which is the only audition stage shown on television. Those selected by the judges are sent to Hollywood. Between 10\u201360 people in each city may make it to Hollywood[citation needed]."}], ["Siaran akhir disiarkan dalam masa utama dari CBS Television City di Los Angeles, di hadapan penonton studio secara langsung. Perlawanan akhir berlangsung selama lapan minggu di musim satu, sebelas minggu di musim berikutnya hingga musim sepuluh dan sebelas yang berlangsung selama dua belas minggu kecuali musim dua belas, yang berlangsung selama sepuluh minggu, dan musim ke-13, yang berlangsung selama tiga belas minggu. Setiap finalis melakukan lagu berdasarkan tema mingguan yang boleh menjadi genre muzik seperti Motown, disko, atau kumpulan besar, lagu oleh artis seperti Michael Jackson, Elvis Presley atau The Beatles, atau lebih banyak tema umum seperti Billboard Number 1 hits atau lagu-lagu dari tahun kelahiran peserta. Peserta biasanya bekerja dengan mentor selebriti yang berkaitan dengan tema. Pada musim sepuluh, Jimmy Iovine dibawa sebagai mentor untuk musim ini. Pada mulanya para peserta menyanyikan satu lagu setiap minggu, tetapi ini meningkat kepada dua lagu dari empat atau lima teratas dan seterusnya tiga lagu untuk dua atau tiga teratas. <> Di mana studio menjadi tuan rumah pusingan akhir hidup di American Idol? || CBS Television City <> Siapa mentor pada musim sepuluh American Idol? || Jimmy Iovine <> Berapa banyak minggu terakhir akhir musim ketiga? || tiga belas <> Berapa minggu terakhir perlawanan akhir musim pertama? || lapan <> Di mana siaran akhir disiarkan? || CBS Television City <> Siapa yang mentor untuk para peserta dalam Musim 10? || Jimmy Iovine <> Berapa banyak lagu yang menyanyi pada mulanya di peringkat akhir? || satu <> Bilakah peserta akan mula menyanyi dua lagu? || empat atau lima teratas", {"qas": [{"question": "Where studio hosts the live final rounds on American Idol?", "id": "56d36db659d6e41400146378", "answers": [{"text": "CBS Television City", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the mentor on season ten of American Idol? ", "id": "56d36db659d6e41400146379", "answers": [{"text": "Jimmy Iovine", "answer_start": 732}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many weeks did the finals of season thirteen last?", "id": "56d36db659d6e4140014637a", "answers": [{"text": "thirteen", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many weeks did the finals last in the first season?", "id": "56d36db659d6e4140014637c", "answers": [{"text": "eight", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are the finals broadcast from?", "id": "56daf966e7c41114004b4be3", "answers": [{"text": "CBS Television City", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was a mentor for the contestants in Season 10?", "id": "56daf966e7c41114004b4be5", "answers": [{"text": "Jimmy Iovine", "answer_start": 732}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many songs do contestants sing initially in the finals?", "id": "56daf966e7c41114004b4be6", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When do contestants start singing two songs?", "id": "56daf966e7c41114004b4be7", "answers": [{"text": "top four or five", "answer_start": 879}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The finals are broadcast in prime time from CBS Television City in Los Angeles, in front of a live studio audience. The finals lasted eight weeks in season one, eleven weeks in subsequent seasons until seasons ten and eleven which lasted twelve weeks except for season twelve, which lasted ten weeks, and season thirteen, which lasted for thirteen weeks. Each finalist performs songs based on a weekly theme which may be a musical genre such as Motown, disco, or big band, songs by artists such as Michael Jackson, Elvis Presley or The Beatles, or more general themes such as Billboard Number 1 hits or songs from the contestant's year of birth. Contestants usually work with a celebrity mentor related to the theme. In season ten, Jimmy Iovine was brought in as a mentor for the season. Initially the contestants sing one song each week, but this is increased to two songs from top four or five onwards, then three songs for the top two or three."}], ["Sekali di Hollywood, para peserta melakukan secara individu atau dalam kumpulan dalam satu siri pusingan. Sehingga sepuluh musim, biasanya terdapat tiga pusingan penghapusan di Hollywood. Pada pusingan pertama peserta muncul dalam kumpulan tetapi dilakukan secara individu. Untuk pusingan seterusnya, para peserta memasuki kumpulan kecil dan menyanyi bersama. Pada pusingan akhir, para peserta melakukan solo dengan lagu pilihan mereka cappella atau disertai dengan sebuah band-bergantung pada musim. Dalam musim dua dan tiga, peserta juga diminta menulis lirik atau melodi asal dalam pusingan tambahan selepas pusingan pertama. Pada musim tujuh, pusingan kumpulan telah dihapuskan dan peserta boleh, selepas persembahan solo pertama dan atas persetujuan hakim, melangkau pusingan solo kedua dan bergerak terus ke pusingan akhir Hollywood. Pada musim dua belas, pengeluar eksekutif memisahkan betina dan lelaki dan memilih ahli untuk membentuk kumpulan dalam pusingan kumpulan. <> Musim manakah yang tidak mempunyai pusingan kumpulan di Hollywood? || tujuh <> Di mana musim peserta perlu menulis lirik asli? || dua dan tiga <> Berapa banyak pusingan Hollywood yang terdapat di sembilan musim pertama? || biasanya tiga <> Di mana musim peserta dipisahkan oleh jantina untuk membentuk kumpulan? || dua belas <> Berapa banyak pusingan pemotongan di pentas Hollywood sehingga sepuluh musim? || tiga <> Apa yang telah dielakkan dari pusingan Hollywood dalam Musim tujuh? || kumpulan <> mana musim yang mana peserta perlu menulis lirik atau melodi asli? || musim dua dan tiga", {"qas": [{"question": "Which season did not have a group round in Hollywood?", "id": "56d36bc559d6e41400146346", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 634}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which seasons were contestants required to write original lyrics?", "id": "56d36bc559d6e41400146347", "answers": [{"text": "two and three", "answer_start": 500}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Hollywood rounds were there in the first nine seasons?", "id": "56d36bc559d6e41400146348", "answers": [{"text": "usually three", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which season were contestants separated by gender to form groups?", "id": "56d36bc559d6e41400146349", "answers": [{"text": "twelve", "answer_start": 831}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many rounds of cuts were in the Hollywood stage until season ten?", "id": "56daf539e7c41114004b4ba4", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was eliminated from the Hollywood round in Season seven?", "id": "56daf539e7c41114004b4ba5", "answers": [{"text": "groups", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which seasons did contestants have to write an original lyric or melody?", "id": "56daf539e7c41114004b4ba7", "answers": [{"text": "seasons two and three", "answer_start": 492}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Once in Hollywood, the contestants perform individually or in groups in a series of rounds. Until season ten, there were usually three rounds of eliminations in Hollywood. In the first round the contestants emerged in groups but performed individually. For the next round, the contestants put themselves in small groups and perform a song together. In the final round, the contestants perform solo with a song of their choice a cappella or accompanied by a band\u200d\u2014\u200cdepending on the season. In seasons two and three, contestants were also asked to write original lyrics or melody in an additional round after the first round. In season seven, the group round was eliminated and contestants may, after a first solo performance and on judges approval, skip a second solo round and move directly to the final Hollywood round. In season twelve, the executive producers split up the females and males and chose the members to form the groups in the group round."}], ["Pusingan liar itu kembali pada musim lapan, di mana terdapat tiga kumpulan dua belas, dengan tiga peserta yang bergerak ke hadapan - lelaki tertinggi, wanita tertinggi, dan penyanyi yang paling tinggi untuk setiap malam, dan empat wildcards dipilih oleh hakim untuk menghasilkan akhir 13. Bermula sepuluh musim, gadis dan kanak-kanak lelaki melakukan malam yang berasingan. Pada musim sepuluh dan sebelas, lima daripada setiap jantina telah dipilih, dan tiga wildcards dipilih oleh hakim untuk membentuk final 13. Pada musim dua belas, dua puluh semifinalis teratas dipecah menjadi kumpulan jantina, dengan lima dari setiap jantina maju untuk membentuk Akhirnya 10. Pada musim ketiga, terdapat tiga puluh separuh pasukan, tetapi hanya dua puluh separuh separuh (sepuluh untuk setiap jantina) dipilih oleh para hakim untuk melakukan pertunjukan langsung, dengan lima dalam setiap jantina dan tiga wildcard yang dipilih oleh hakim yang mencipta 13 final . <> Berapa banyak kad liar yang dipilih oleh hakim pada musim lapan? || empat <> Berapa ramai peserta wildcard yang maju dalam pertandingan dalam sepuluh musim? || tiga <> Berapa ramai wanita dalam sepuluh teratas dalam musim dua belas? || lima <> Berapa banyak finalis yang ada di musim lapan? || tiga belas <> Musim apa yang menyaksikan kembalinya pusingan Kad Wild? || musim lapan <> berapa ramai peserta yang bergerak maju dari setiap pusingan? || tiga <> Berapa banyak peserta liar yang dipilih? || empat <> Berapa banyak peserta yang menjadi finalis untuk musim 12? || 10", {"qas": [{"question": "How many wildcards were chosen by the judges in season eight?", "id": "56d36d5f59d6e41400146370", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many wildcard contestants were advanced in the competition in season ten?", "id": "56d36d5f59d6e41400146371", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many women were in the top ten in season twelve?", "id": "56d36d5f59d6e41400146372", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many finalists were there in season eight?", "id": "56d36d5f59d6e41400146373", "answers": [{"text": "thirteen", "answer_start": 626}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What season saw the return of the Wild Card round?", "id": "56daf8e2e7c41114004b4bd9", "answers": [{"text": "season eight", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many contestants moved forward from each round?", "id": "56daf8e2e7c41114004b4bdb", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many wildcard contestants were chosen?", "id": "56daf8e2e7c41114004b4bdc", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many contestants were finalists for season 12?", "id": "56daf8e2e7c41114004b4bdd", "answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 612}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The wildcard round returned in season eight, wherein there were three groups of twelve, with three contestants moving forward \u2013 the highest male, the highest female, and the next highest-placed singer - for each night, and four wildcards were chosen by the judges to produce a final 13. Starting season ten, the girls and boys perform on separate nights. In seasons ten and eleven, five of each gender were chosen, and three wildcards were chosen by the judges to form a final 13. In season twelve, the top twenty semifinalists were split into gender groups, with five of each gender advancing to form the final 10. In season thirteen, there were thirty semifinalists, but only twenty semifinalists (ten for each gender) were chosen by the judges to perform on the live shows, with five in each gender and three wildcards chosen by the judges composing the final 13."}], ["Dari separuh akhir dan seterusnya, nasib peserta akan diputuskan oleh undi umum. Semasa persembahan peserta serta rekap pada akhir, nombor telefon bebas tol untuk setiap peserta dipaparkan di skrin. Untuk tempoh dua jam selepas episod berakhir (sehingga empat jam untuk akhir) di setiap zon masa AS, penonton boleh memanggil atau menghantar mesej teks kepada nombor telefon peserta yang dipilih, dan setiap panggilan atau mesej teks didaftarkan sebagai undi untuk peserta itu. Penonton dibenarkan untuk mengundi sebanyak mungkin dalam tetingkap pengundian selama dua jam. Bagaimanapun, pertunjukan itu berhak membuang undi oleh pendail kuasa. Satu atau lebih peserta yang paling kurang popular boleh dihapuskan dalam beberapa minggu berturut-turut sehingga pemenang muncul. Lebih 110 juta undian telah diletakkan pada musim pertama, dan oleh sepuluh musim jumlah musiman telah meningkat kepada hampir 750 juta. Pengundian melalui pemesejan teks telah disediakan pada musim kedua apabila AT & T Wireless menyertai sebagai penaja pertunjukan, dan 7.5 juta mesej teks dihantar kepada American Idol musim itu. Bilangan mesej teks meningkat pesat, mencapai 178 juta teks pada musim lapan. Pengundian dalam talian ditawarkan buat kali pertama dalam sepuluh musim. Undi dikira dan disahkan oleh Telescope Inc. <> Berapa banyak undian mesej teks yang ada di musim lapan? || 178 juta <> Di mana musim pengundian dalam talian diperkenalkan? || sepuluh <> Apa syarikat mengira undi pada American Idol? || Telescope Inc <> Pada tahap apakah orang ramai mula mengundi untuk peserta? || separuh akhir <> Berapa banyak undian yang diletakkan untuk peserta dalam musim pertama? || Lebih 110 juta <> Berapa banyak undian yang dibuang oleh sepuluh musim untuk semua peserta? || hampir 750 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "How many text message votes were there in season eight?", "id": "56d36c4859d6e41400146355", "answers": [{"text": "178 million", "answer_start": 1137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which season was online voting introduced?", "id": "56d36c4859d6e41400146356", "answers": [{"text": "ten", "answer_start": 833}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company counts the votes on American Idol? ", "id": "56d36c4859d6e41400146357", "answers": [{"text": "Telescope Inc", "answer_start": 1270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what point does the public begin voting for contestants?", "id": "56daf672e7c41114004b4bb5", "answers": [{"text": "the semi-finals", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many votes were cast for contestants in the first season?", "id": "56daf672e7c41114004b4bb7", "answers": [{"text": "Over 110 million", "answer_start": 765}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many votes were cast by season ten for all contestants?", "id": "56daf672e7c41114004b4bb8", "answers": [{"text": "nearly 750 million", "answer_start": 873}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From the semi-finals onwards, the fate of the contestants is decided by public vote. During the contestant's performance as well as the recap at the end, a toll-free telephone number for each contestant is displayed on the screen. For a two-hour period after the episode ends (up to four hours for the finale) in each US time zone, viewers may call or send a text message to their preferred contestant's telephone number, and each call or text message is registered as a vote for that contestant. Viewers are allowed to vote as many times as they can within the two-hour voting window. However, the show reserves the right to discard votes by power dialers. One or more of the least popular contestants may be eliminated in successive weeks until a winner emerges. Over 110 million votes were cast in the first season, and by season ten the seasonal total had increased to nearly 750 million. Voting via text messaging was made available in the second season when AT&T Wireless joined as a sponsor of the show, and 7.5 million text messages were sent to American Idol that season. The number of text messages rapidly increased, reaching 178 million texts by season eight. Online voting was offered for the first time in season ten. The votes are counted and verified by Telescope Inc."}], ["\"Fan Save\" diperkenalkan pada musim keempat belas. Semasa perlawanan akhir, penonton diberi tingkap lima minit untuk mengundi para peserta dalam bahaya penghapusan dengan menggunakan akaun Twitter mereka untuk menentukan peserta mana yang akan bergerak ke pertunjukan seterusnya, bermula dengan Top 8. <> Di mana musim itu yang \"Save Fan\" digunakan dahulu? || empat belas <> Bagaimana orang mengundi menggunakan kipas menyimpan? || Twitter <> Apa yang diperkenalkan pada musim 14 untuk membolehkan peminat membantu menyelamatkan peserta? || Simpan Kipas <> Bagaimana penonton memilih untuk peserta menggunakan Fan Save? || Twitter <> Bilakah Fan Fan bermula? || Teratas 8", {"qas": [{"question": "In which season was the \"Fan Save\" first used?", "id": "56d36e4b59d6e4140014638c", "answers": [{"text": "fourteen", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do people vote using the fan save?", "id": "56d36e4b59d6e4140014638d", "answers": [{"text": "Twitter", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was introduced in season 14 to allow the fans to help save a contestant?", "id": "56db0286e7c41114004b4c2f", "answers": [{"text": "Fan Save", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do viewers vote for a contestant using Fan Save?", "id": "56db0286e7c41114004b4c31", "answers": [{"text": "Twitter", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When does the Fan Save start?", "id": "56db0286e7c41114004b4c32", "answers": [{"text": "Top 8", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The \"Fan Save\" was introduced in the fourteenth season. During the finals, viewers are given a five-minute window to vote for the contestants in danger of elimination by using their Twitter account to decide which contestant will move on to the next show, starting with the Top 8."}], ["Musim pertama American Idol memulakan penggambaran musim panas pada bulan Jun 2002 di rangkaian Fox. Ia dihoskan oleh Ryan Seacrest dan Brian Dunkleman. <> Rangkaian apa yang disiarkan pada musim pertama American Idol? || Fox <> Apa tahun pertama debut American Idol? || 2002 <> Siapa Ryan Seacrests bersama-sama dalam musim pertama American Idol? || Brian Dunkleman <> Bilakah debut Amerika Idol? || Jun 2002 <> Rangkaian apa yang debut Amerika Idol? || Fox <> Siapa yang menjadi tuan rumah American Idol? || Ryan Seacrest dan Brian Dunkleman", {"qas": [{"question": "What network aired the first season of American Idol?", "id": "56d3705759d6e414001463b8", "answers": [{"text": "Fox", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did American Idol first debut?", "id": "56d3705759d6e414001463b9", "answers": [{"text": "2002", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Ryan Seacrests co-host in the first season of American Idol?", "id": "56d3705759d6e414001463ba", "answers": [{"text": "Brian Dunkleman", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did American Idol debut?", "id": "56db0710e7c41114004b4c77", "answers": [{"text": "June 2002", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What network did American Idol debut on?", "id": "56db0710e7c41114004b4c78", "answers": [{"text": "Fox", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who co-hosted American Idol?", "id": "56db0710e7c41114004b4c79", "answers": [{"text": "Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first season of American Idol debuted as a summer replacement show in June 2002 on the Fox network. It was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman."}], ["Pertarungan akhir antara Justin Guarini, salah satu kegemaran awal, dan Kelly Clarkson. Clarkson pada mulanya tidak dianggap sebagai pesaing, tetapi mengagumkan para hakim dengan beberapa persembahan yang baik di pusingan akhir, seperti persembahannya \"Wanita Asli\" Aretha Franklin, dan \"Stuff Like That There\" yang Betty Hutton, dan akhirnya memenangi mahkota pada 4 September 2002. <> Berapa tahun Kelly Clarkson menang? || 2002 <> Siapa pelari ke Kelly Clarkson? || Justin Guarini <> Berapa bulan Kelly Clarkson menang? || September <> Dari dua perlawanan terakhir, yang merupakan kegemaran awal untuk menang? || Justin Guarini <> Siapa yang memenangi musim pertama American Idol? || Kelly Clarkson <> Bilakah Clarkson memenangi mahkota? || 4 September 2002", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did Kelly Clarkson win?", "id": "56d370d259d6e414001463c8", "answers": [{"text": "2002", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the runner up to Kelly Clarkson?", "id": "56d370d259d6e414001463c9", "answers": [{"text": "Justin Guarini", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What month did Kelly Clarkson win?", "id": "56d370d259d6e414001463ca", "answers": [{"text": "September", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of the final two, which was an early favorite to win?", "id": "56db07fae7c41114004b4c88", "answers": [{"text": "Justin Guarini", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who won the first season of American Idol?", "id": "56db07fae7c41114004b4c89", "answers": [{"text": "Kelly Clarkson", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Clarkson win the crown?", "id": "56db07fae7c41114004b4c8a", "answers": [{"text": "September 4, 2002", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The final showdown was between Justin Guarini, one of the early favorites, and Kelly Clarkson. Clarkson was not initially thought of as a contender, but impressed the judges with some good performances in the final rounds, such as her performance of Aretha Franklin's \"Natural Woman\", and Betty Hutton's \"Stuff Like That There\", and eventually won the crown on September 4, 2002."}], ["Akhirnya adalah episod terakhir dua jam musim ini, memuncak dalam mendedahkan pemenang. Untuk musim satu, tiga hingga enam, dan empat belas, ia disiarkan dari Dolby Theatre, yang mempunyai kapasiti penonton sekitar 3,400. Pertandingan untuk musim dua berlangsung di Amfiteater Gibson, yang mempunyai kapasiti penonton melebihi 6,000. Pada musim tujuh hingga tiga belas, tempat itu berada di Teater Nokia, yang memegang lebih daripada 7,000 penonton. <> Tempat mana yang diadakan pada musim tujuh musim Amerika Idol? || Theatre Nokia <> Berapa ramai orang yang boleh menghadiri final American Idol di Dolby Theatre? || 3,400 <> Dalam episod apakah pemenang American Idol? || Akhirnya <> Di manakah penyiaran terakhir musim? || Dolby Theatre <> Berapakah jumlah penonton boleh muat di Dolby Theatre? || 3,400 <> Apakah kapasiti untuk Gibson Ampitheatre? || 6,000 <> Untuk musim 7-13, musim terakhir diadakan di mana? || Teater Nokia", {"qas": [{"question": "What venue was the American Idol season seven finale held at?", "id": "56d36e9659d6e41400146393", "answers": [{"text": "the Nokia Theatre", "answer_start": 401}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people can attend an American Idol finale at the Dolby Theatre?", "id": "56d36e9659d6e41400146394", "answers": [{"text": "3,400", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what episode is the winner of American Idol revealed?", "id": "56d36e9659d6e41400146396", "answers": [{"text": "The finale", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the season one finale broadcast from?", "id": "56db031de7c41114004b4c41", "answers": [{"text": "Dolby Theatre", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many audience members can fit in Dolby Theatre?", "id": "56db031de7c41114004b4c42", "answers": [{"text": "3,400", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the capacity for Gibson Ampitheatre?", "id": "56db031de7c41114004b4c44", "answers": [{"text": "6,000", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For seasons 7-13, the season finale was held where?", "id": "56db031de7c41114004b4c45", "answers": [{"text": "Nokia Theatre", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The finale is the two-hour last episode of the season, culminating in revealing the winner. For seasons one, three through six, and fourteen, it was broadcast from the Dolby Theatre, which has an audience capacity of approximately 3,400. The finale for season two took place at the Gibson Amphitheatre, which has an audience capacity of over 6,000. In seasons seven through thirteen, the venue was at the Nokia Theatre, which holds an audience of over 7,000."}], ["Setiap musim perdana dengan pusingan uji bakat, berlaku di bandar-bandar yang berbeza. Episod audisi biasanya memaparkan gabungan calon finalis, watak-watak menarik dan peserta yang tidak mencukupi. Setiap peserta yang berjaya menerima tiket emas untuk meneruskan ke pusingan seterusnya di Hollywood. Berdasarkan persembahan mereka semasa pusingan Hollywood (pusingan Las Vegas untuk musim 10 ke atas), 24 hingga 36 peserta dipilih oleh para hakim untuk mengambil bahagian dalam semifinal. Dari semifinal dan seterusnya peserta membuat lagu mereka secara langsung, dengan para hakim membuat kritikan mereka selepas setiap pertunjukan. Peserta yang dipilih oleh orang ramai menonton, dan keputusan undi orang awam kemudiannya diturunkan dalam keputusan menunjukkan biasanya pada malam berikutnya. Hasilnya menunjukkan persembahan kumpulan ciri oleh para peserta serta para pelawat tamu. Keputusan Top-3 menunjukkan juga mempamerkan acara-acara kepulangan untuk finalis Top 3. Musim ini mencapai kemuncaknya dalam acara dua jam hasil akhir, di mana pemenang musim diturunkan. <> Apa yang diberikan kepada peserta yang membuatnya melepasi babak ujian? || tiket keemasan <> Dalam pusingan pemerhati, apakah peserta yang memenangi persetujuan para hakim? || tiket emas <> Yang mengundi untuk peserta yang menang bermula dengan pusingan separuh akhir? || orang ramai", {"qas": [{"question": "What is given to contestants who make it past the audition round?", "id": "56d36fe159d6e414001463a7", "answers": [{"text": "a golden ticket", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the audition rounds, what do contestants who win the approval of the judges receive?", "id": "56db0637e7c41114004b4c63", "answers": [{"text": "a golden ticket", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who votes for the winning contestants starting with the semi-final round?", "id": "56db0637e7c41114004b4c65", "answers": [{"text": "the public", "answer_start": 692}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Each season premieres with the audition round, taking place in different cities. The audition episodes typically feature a mix of potential finalists, interesting characters and woefully inadequate contestants. Each successful contestant receives a golden ticket to proceed on to the next round in Hollywood. Based on their performances during the Hollywood round (Las Vegas round for seasons 10 onwards), 24 to 36 contestants are selected by the judges to participate in the semifinals. From the semifinal onwards the contestants perform their songs live, with the judges making their critiques after each performance. The contestants are voted for by the viewing public, and the outcome of the public votes is then revealed in the results show typically on the following night. The results shows feature group performances by the contestants as well as guest performers. The Top-three results show also features the homecoming events for the Top 3 finalists. The season reaches its climax in a two-hour results finale show, where the winner of the season is revealed."}], ["Dalam apa yang menjadi tradisi, Clarkson melakukan lagu coronation semasa final, dan melepaskan lagu dengan segera selepas musim berakhir. Single, \"A Moment Like This\", memecahkan rekod 38 tahun yang dipegang oleh The Beatles untuk lonjakan terbesar ke nombor satu di Billboard Hot 100. Guarini tidak melepaskan sebarang lagu dengan segera selepas persembahan dan kekal satu-satunya runner-up untuk tidak melakukannya. Kedua-dua Clarkson dan Guarini membuat filem muzikal, Dari Justin ke Kelly, yang dikeluarkan pada tahun 2003 tetapi secara meluas. Clarkson telah menjadi peserta yang paling berjaya di peringkat antarabangsa, dengan jualan album di seluruh dunia melebihi 23 juta. <> Apakah lagu penumbuk yang dikeluarkan oleh Kelly Clarkson selepas memenangi American Idol? || A Moment Like This <> Apa filem Kelly Clarkson dan Justin Guarini bintang selepas mereka berada di American Idol? || Dari Justin ke Kelly <> Berapa banyak album Kelly Clarkson dijual di seluruh dunia? || Lebih daripada 23 juta <> Lagu apa yang dilakukan oleh Kelly Clarkson semasa tamat? || A Moment Like This <> Apa yang Clarkson menyanyi semasa akhir? || lagu coronation <> Apa nama lagu itu? || A Moment Like This <> Rekod manakah yang memecahkan lagu, yang merupakan lompatan terbesar di bahagian atas carta Billboard? || The Beatles <> Apa nama filem itu yang kedua-dua finalis dibuat bersama? || Dari Justin ke Kelly <> Berapa banyak jualan album di seluruh dunia telah Kelly Clarkson memenangi Idol? || lebih daripada 23 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the fist song released by Kelly Clarkson after winning American Idol?", "id": "56d371e359d6e414001463d8", "answers": [{"text": "A Moment Like This", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What film did Kelly Clarkson and Justin Guarini star in after they were on American Idol?", "id": "56d371e359d6e414001463d9", "answers": [{"text": "From Justin to Kelly", "answer_start": 456}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many albums has Kelly Clarkson sold around the world?", "id": "56d371e359d6e414001463da", "answers": [{"text": "more than 23 million", "answer_start": 637}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Kelly Clarkson perform during the finale?", "id": "56d371e359d6e414001463db", "answers": [{"text": "A Moment Like This", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Clarkson sing during the finale?", "id": "56db0888e7c41114004b4c8f", "answers": [{"text": "the coronation song", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the song?", "id": "56db0888e7c41114004b4c90", "answers": [{"text": "A Moment Like This", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which record did the song break, which was the biggest leap to the top of the Billboard charts?", "id": "56db0888e7c41114004b4c91", "answers": [{"text": "The Beatles", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the film that the two finalists made together?", "id": "56db0888e7c41114004b4c92", "answers": [{"text": "From Justin to Kelly", "answer_start": 456}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many worldwide album sales has Kelly Clarkson had since winning Idol?", "id": "56db0888e7c41114004b4c93", "answers": [{"text": "more than 23 million", "answer_start": 637}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In what was to become a tradition, Clarkson performed the coronation song during the finale, and released the song immediately after the season ended. The single, \"A Moment Like This\", went on to break a 38-year-old record held by The Beatles for the biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100. Guarini did not release any song immediately after the show and remains the only runner-up not to do so. Both Clarkson and Guarini made a musical film, From Justin to Kelly, which was released in 2003 but was widely panned. Clarkson has since become the most successful Idol contestant internationally, with worldwide album sales of more than 23 million."}], ["Dengan pengecualian musim satu dan dua, para peserta dalam separuh akhir akan tampil di hadapan penonton studio. Mereka tampil dengan band penuh di peringkat akhir. Dari musim keempat hingga sembilan musim, kumpulan American Idol diketuai oleh Rickey Minor; dari musim ke-10 dan seterusnya, Ray Chew. Bantuan juga boleh diberikan oleh jurulatih vokal dan penyusun lagu, seperti Michael Orland dan Debra Byrd kepada peserta di belakang tempat kejadian. Bermula dengan musim tujuh, peserta boleh melakukan dengan alat muzik dari pusingan Hollywood seterusnya. Dalam sembilan musim pertama, pertunjukan biasanya disiarkan secara langsung pada malam Selasa, diikuti oleh keputusan yang ditunjukkan pada hari Rabu di Amerika Syarikat dan Kanada, tetapi berpindah ke Rabu dan Khamis dalam sepuluh musim. <> Di mana musim pertama peserta dibenarkan menggunakan alat muzik? || tujuh <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab atas band American Idol pada musim sebelas? || Ray Chew <> Pada apa musim Amerika Idol bermula pada hari Khamis? || sepuluh <> Siapa pemimpin band American Idol dalam musim lima? || Rickey Minor <> Siapa yang mengetuai band American Idol antara musim empat dan sembilan? || Rickey Minor <> Siapa yang mengetuai band American Idol selepas keberangkatan Rickey Minor? || Ray Chew <> Musim apa saja peserta dibenarkan menggunakan alat muzik ketika mereka menyanyi? || tujuh", {"qas": [{"question": "In which season were contestants first allowed to use musical instruments?", "id": "56d3702e59d6e414001463af", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 443}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was in charge of the American Idol band in season eleven?", "id": "56d3702e59d6e414001463b0", "answers": [{"text": "Ray Chew", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what season did American Idol start airing on Thursday nights?", "id": "56d3702e59d6e414001463b1", "answers": [{"text": "ten", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the leader of the American Idol band in season five?", "id": "56d3702e59d6e414001463b2", "answers": [{"text": "Rickey Minor", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who led the American Idol band between seasons four and nine?", "id": "56db06dae7c41114004b4c6e", "answers": [{"text": "Rickey Minor", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who led the American Idol band after Rickey Minor's departure?", "id": "56db06dae7c41114004b4c6f", "answers": [{"text": "Ray Chew", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What season were contestants allowed use a musical instrument when they sing?", "id": "56db06dae7c41114004b4c70", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 443}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "With the exception of seasons one and two, the contestants in the semifinals onwards perform in front of a studio audience. They perform with a full band in the finals. From season four to season nine, the American Idol band was led by Rickey Minor; from season ten onwards, Ray Chew. Assistance may also be given by vocal coaches and song arrangers, such as Michael Orland and Debra Byrd to contestants behind the scene. Starting with season seven, contestants may perform with a musical instrument from the Hollywood rounds onwards. In the first nine seasons, performances were usually aired live on Tuesday nights, followed by the results shows on Wednesdays in the United States and Canada, but moved to Wednesdays and Thursdays in season ten."}], ["Pada pusingan akhir, 121 peserta telah dipilih dari sekitar 10,000 orang yang menghadiri sesi uji bakat. Ini dipotong hingga 30 untuk separuh akhir, dengan sepuluh beraksi ke peringkat akhir. Satu semifinalis, Delano Cagnolatti, didiskualifikasi kerana berbohong untuk menghindari had umur persembahan. Salah satu kegemaran awal, Tamyra Gray, telah dihapuskan di empat teratas, yang pertama daripada beberapa penghapusan kejutan seperti itu yang akan diulangi pada musim-musim kemudian. Christina Christian telah dimasukkan ke hospital sebelum menunjukkan enam hasil teratas akibat sakit dada dan berdebar-debar, dan dia telah dihapuskan ketika berada di hospital. Jim Verraros adalah peserta gay pertama yang terbuka pada pameran itu; orientasi seksualnya didedahkan dalam jurnal dalam taliannya, namun ia dikeluarkan semasa persaingan selepas permintaan dari pengeluar menunjukkan kebimbangan bahawa ia mungkin tidak mempengaruhi undi. <> Berapa ramai peserta membuat pusingan pertama audisi? || 121 <> Berapa ramai orang yang terdengar audisi? || sekitar 10,000 <> Siapa yang menjadi peserta pertama homosexual di American Idol? || Jim Verraros <> Mana peserta yang mengejutkan telah dihapuskan dalam tempoh empat episod teratas? || Tamyra Grey <> Di manakah Christina Christian ketika dia dihilangkan dari persembahan? || hospital <> Berapa banyak peserta yang dipilih daripada 10,000 yang mengikuti ujian? || 121 <> Daripada 121 yang dipilih, berapa ramai yang menjadi separuh akhir? || 30 <> Peserta mana yang tidak layak dibicarakan kerana berbohong tentang usianya? || Delano Cagnolatti <> Bilakah Tamyra Grey dihapuskan? || Teratas empat <> Siapa yang telah dieliminasi semasa dia berada di hospital akibat sakit dada? || Christina Christian", {"qas": [{"question": "How many contestants made it past the first round of auditions?", "id": "56d370aa59d6e414001463be", "answers": [{"text": "121", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people initially auditioned?", "id": "56d370aa59d6e414001463bf", "answers": [{"text": "around 10,000", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first known homosexual contestant on American Idol?", "id": "56d370aa59d6e414001463c0", "answers": [{"text": "Jim Verraros", "answer_start": 589}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant was surprisingly eliminated during the top four episode? ", "id": "56d370aa59d6e414001463c1", "answers": [{"text": "Tamyra Gray", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Christina Christian at when she was eliminated from the show?", "id": "56d370aa59d6e414001463c2", "answers": [{"text": "the hospital", "answer_start": 575}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many contestants were chosen from the 10,000 that auditioned?", "id": "56db079fe7c41114004b4c7d", "answers": [{"text": "121", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of the 121 chosen, how many became semi-finalists?", "id": "56db079fe7c41114004b4c7e", "answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant was disqualified for lying about his age?", "id": "56db079fe7c41114004b4c7f", "answers": [{"text": "Delano Cagnolatti", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Tamyra Gray eliminated?", "id": "56db079fe7c41114004b4c80", "answers": [{"text": "top four", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was eliminated while she was in the hospital due to chest pains?", "id": "56db079fe7c41114004b4c81", "answers": [{"text": "Christina Christian", "answer_start": 430}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the audition rounds, 121 contestants were selected from around 10,000 who attended the auditions. These were cut to 30 for the semifinal, with ten going on to the finals. One semifinalist, Delano Cagnolatti, was disqualified for lying to evade the show's age limit. One of the early favorites, Tamyra Gray, was eliminated at the top four, the first of several such shock eliminations that were to be repeated in later seasons. Christina Christian was hospitalized before the top six result show due to chest pains and palpitations, and she was eliminated while she was in the hospital. Jim Verraros was the first openly gay contestant on the show; his sexual orientation was revealed in his online journal, however it was removed during the competition after a request from the show producers over concerns that it might be unfairly influencing votes."}], ["Pemenang menerima perjanjian rekod dengan label utama, yang mungkin mempunyai sehingga enam album, dan menjamin kontrak pengurusan dengan Pengurusan Amerika 19 yang bergabung dengan American Idol (yang mempunyai hak penolakan pertama untuk menandatangani semua peserta), serta pelbagai kontrak lumayan. Semua pemenang sebelum musim sembilan dilaporkan memperoleh sekurang-kurangnya $ 1 juta pada tahun pertama mereka sebagai pemenang. Semua pelari dari sepuluh musim pertama, serta beberapa finalis lain, turut menerima tawaran rekod dengan label utama. Walau bagaimanapun, bermula pada musim 11, runner-up hanya boleh dijamin satu-satunya perjanjian. BMG / Sony (musim 1-9) dan UMG (musim 10-) mempunyai hak keengganan pertama untuk menandatangani peserta selama tiga bulan selepas berakhirnya musim. Bermula pada musim keempat belas, pemenang ditandatangani dengan Rekod Mesin Besar. Pemain muzik terkemuka Clive Davis juga menghasilkan beberapa album perjumpaan terpilih, seperti Kelly Clarkson, Clay Aiken, Fantasia Barrino dan Diana DeGarmo. Semua 10 (11 dalam musim 10 dan 12) finalis mendapat keistimewaan untuk melakukan lawatan, di mana peserta masing-masing memperoleh angka enam angka. <> Syarikat manakah yang menguruskan pemenang American Idol? || 19 Pengurusan <> Apakah label rekod menandatangani pemenang musim empat belas American Idol? || Rekod Mesin Big <> Berapa lama syarikat rekod mempunyai hak penolakan pertama untuk peserta di American Idol? || tiga bulan <> Apa pemenang American Idol? || perjanjian rekod <> Pemenang juga menerima kontrak pengurusan dengan syarikat mana? || 19 Pengurusan <> Pada musim 14, pemenang telah ditandatangani kepada syarikat mana? || Rekod Mesin Besar", {"qas": [{"question": "Which company manages the winners of American Idol?", "id": "56d36fa259d6e4140014639c", "answers": [{"text": "19 Management", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What record label signed the winner of season fourteen of American Idol?", "id": "56d36fa259d6e4140014639d", "answers": [{"text": "Big Machine Records", "answer_start": 795}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long does the record company have the right of first refusal for contestants on American Idol?", "id": "56d36fa259d6e4140014639f", "answers": [{"text": "three months", "answer_start": 693}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the winner of American Idol receive?", "id": "56db059de7c41114004b4c59", "answers": [{"text": "a record deal", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The winner also receives a management contract with which company?", "id": "56db059de7c41114004b4c5a", "answers": [{"text": "19 Management", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In season 14, the winner was signed to which company?", "id": "56db059de7c41114004b4c5c", "answers": [{"text": "Big Machine Records", "answer_start": 795}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The winner receives a record deal with a major label, which may be for up to six albums, and secures a management contract with American Idol-affiliated 19 Management (which has the right of first refusal to sign all contestants), as well as various lucrative contracts. All winners prior to season nine reportedly earned at least $1 million in their first year as winner. All the runners-up of the first ten seasons, as well as some of other finalists, have also received record deals with major labels. However, starting in season 11, the runner-up may only be guaranteed a single-only deal. BMG/Sony (seasons 1\u20139) and UMG (season 10\u2013) had the right of first refusal to sign contestants for three months after the season's finale. Starting in the fourteenth season, the winner was signed with Big Machine Records. Prominent music mogul Clive Davis also produced some of the selected contestants' albums, such as Kelly Clarkson, Clay Aiken, Fantasia Barrino and Diana DeGarmo. All top 10 (11 in seasons 10 and 12) finalists earn the privilege of going on a tour, where the participants may each earn a six-figure sum."}], ["Peserta yang paling popular biasanya tidak dinyatakan dalam pertunjukan hasil. Sebaliknya, biasanya tiga peserta (dua dalam pusingan berikutnya) yang mendapat undi paling rendah dipanggil ke pusat panggung. Salah satu daripada ketiga-tiga ini biasanya dihantar ke keselamatan; namun kedua baki tidak semestinya dua bawah. Peserta dengan undi paling sedikit kemudiannya diturunkan dan dihapuskan dari pertandingan. Satu montaj masa peserta yang dihapuskan di pertunjukan dimainkan dan mereka memberikan prestasi terakhir mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, dalam musim enam, semasa episod Idol Giving Back pertama, tiada peserta kalah dihapuskan, tetapi pada minggu berikutnya, dua orang dihantar pulang. Selain itu, bermula pada lapan musim, hakim boleh membatalkan keputusan penonton dengan \"Hakim 'Simpan\" jika mereka sebulat suara bersetuju. \"Simpanan\" hanya boleh digunakan sekali sahaja, dan hanya melalui lima teratas. Pada musim lapan, sembilan, sepuluh, dan empat belas, penghapusan dua kali berlaku pada minggu berikutan pengaktifan penyelamatan, tetapi pada musim kesebelas dan ketiga belas, penyingkiran tunggal tetap berlaku. Penjimatan itu tidak diaktifkan pada musim kedua dan akibatnya, penghapusan tidak berlaku pada minggu selepas tamat tempohnya dengan undian kemudian dibawa ke minggu berikutnya. <> Pada musim apakah \"Hakim Simpan\" diperkenalkan untuk memberi peluang kedua kepada para peserta? || lapan <> Berapa banyak masa yang dapat dijadikan hakim untuk digunakan setiap musim? || sekali <> Apabila tiga dipanggil, seseorang sering dihantar ke apa? || keselamatan <> Musim mana yang Idol Meninggalkan episod? || musim enam", {"qas": [{"question": "In what season was the \"Judges Save\" introduced to give contestants a second chance?", "id": "56d36e2059d6e41400146382", "answers": [{"text": "eight", "answer_start": 708}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many time can the judges save be used each season?", "id": "56d36e2059d6e41400146386", "answers": [{"text": "once", "answer_start": 837}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When three are called, one is often sent to what?", "id": "56db01c5e7c41114004b4c26", "answers": [{"text": "safety", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which season was the Idol Gives Back episode?", "id": "56db01c5e7c41114004b4c29", "answers": [{"text": "season six", "answer_start": 535}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The most popular contestants are usually not revealed in the results show. Instead, typically the three contestants (two in later rounds) who received the lowest number of votes are called to the center of the stage. One of these three is usually sent to safety; however the two remaining are not necessarily the bottom two. The contestant with the fewest votes is then revealed and eliminated from the competition. A montage of the eliminated contestant's time on the show is played and they give their final performance. However, in season six, during the series' first ever Idol Gives Back episode, no contestant was eliminated, but on the following week, two were sent home. Moreover, starting in season eight, the judges may overturn viewers' decision with a \"Judges' Save\" if they unanimously agree to. \"The save\" can only be used once, and only up through the top five. In the eighth, ninth, tenth, and fourteenth seasons, a double elimination then took place in the week following the activation of the save, but in the eleventh and thirteenth seasons, a regular single elimination took place. The save was not activated in the twelfth season and consequently, a non-elimination took place in the week after its expiration with the votes then carrying over into the following week."}], ["Dalam tempoh 11 minggu teratas, disebabkan penggabungan dengan nombor telefon peserta, pengundian telah diulangi pada apa yang biasanya malam keputusan, dengan keputusan mendedahkan ditunda sehingga malam berikutnya. <> Semasa minggu apa ada masalah dengan pengundian? || atas 11 minggu <> Bilakah keputusan menunjukkan? || malam berikut", {"qas": [{"question": "During what week was there a problem with voting?", "id": "56d3743659d6e41400146433", "answers": [{"text": "top 11 week", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the results show happen?", "id": "56db1a7de7c41114004b4d1a", "answers": [{"text": "the following night", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the top 11 week, due to a mix-up with the contestants' telephone number, voting was repeated on what was normally the result night, with the result reveal postponed until the following night."}], ["12 finalis teratas asalnya termasuk Mario Vazquez, tetapi dia menggugurkan alasan 'peribadi' dan digantikan oleh Nikko Smith. Kemudian, seorang pekerja Freemantle Media, yang menghasilkan pameran itu, menyaman syarikat itu untuk penamatan salah, mendakwa bahawa dia ditolak selepas mengadu tentang tingkah laku lucah oleh Vazquez ke arahnya semasa persembahan. <> Siapa yang mendapat tempat di 12 teratas selepas Mario Vasquez berhenti? || Nikko Smith <> Siapa yang menggantikan Vasquez sebagai finalis? || Nikko Smith <> Apa syarikat menghasilkan persembahan? || Freemantle Media <> Seorang bekas pekerja negara dia dipecat selepas mengadu tentang finalis mana? || Vazquez", {"qas": [{"question": "Who got a spot in the top 12 after Mario Vasquez dropped out?", "id": "56d3741959d6e4140014642f", "answers": [{"text": "Nikko Smith", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who replaced Vasquez as a finalist?", "id": "56db1a27e7c41114004b4d10", "answers": [{"text": "Nikko Smith", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company produces the show?", "id": "56db1a27e7c41114004b4d11", "answers": [{"text": "Freemantle Media", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A former employee states he was fired after complaining about which finalist?", "id": "56db1a27e7c41114004b4d12", "answers": [{"text": "Vazquez", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The top 12 finalists originally included Mario Vazquez, but he dropped out citing 'personal reasons' and was replaced by Nikko Smith. Later, an employee of Freemantle Media, which produces the show, sued the company for wrongful termination, claiming that he was dismissed after complaining about lewd behavior by Vazquez toward him during the show."}], ["Berikutan kejayaan musim pertama, musim kedua dipindahkan ke udara pada Januari 2003. Bilangan episod meningkat, begitu juga bajet rancangan dan caj untuk tempat komersial. Dunkleman meninggalkan rancangan itu, meninggalkan Seacrest sebagai tuan rumah tunggal. Kristin Adams adalah seorang wartawan untuk musim ini. <> Tahun apakah dua musim udara pertama American Idol? || 2003 <> Siapa seorang koresponden pada musim kedua American Idol? || Kristin Adams <> Bilakah dua musim udara? || Januari 2003 <> Siapa yang menjadi wartawan untuk musim dua? || Kristin Adams", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did season two of American Idol first air?", "id": "56d3721359d6e414001463e1", "answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was a correspondent on season two of American Idol?", "id": "56d3721359d6e414001463e3", "answers": [{"text": "Kristin Adams", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did season two air?", "id": "56db08b8e7c41114004b4c99", "answers": [{"text": "January 2003", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was a correspondent for season two?", "id": "56db08b8e7c41114004b4c9b", "answers": [{"text": "Kristin Adams", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Following the success of season one, the second season was moved up to air in January 2003. The number of episodes increased, as did the show's budget and the charge for commercial spots. Dunkleman left the show, leaving Seacrest as the lone host. Kristin Adams was a correspondent for this season."}], ["Kedua-dua finalis mendapati kejayaan selepas pertunjukan itu, tetapi Aiken mengeluarkan lagu koronasi Studdard \"Flying Without Wings\" dengan pelepasan tunggalnya daripada rancangan \"This Is the Night\", serta dalam siaran album berikutnya. Pemenang tempat keempat Josh Gracin turut menikmati kejayaan sebagai penyanyi negara. <> Apakah lagu pertama Ruben Studdard dibebaskan setelah memenangi American Idol? || Flying Without Wings <> Apa peserta datang pada keempat pada musim dua American Idol? || Josh Gracin <> Apa lagu pertama yang dibebaskan oleh Clay Aiken setelah kehilangan American Idol? || Ini Adakah Malam <> Apakah nama lagu coronation Studdard? || Terbang Tanpa Sayap <> Apakah pembebasan tunggal Aiken? || Ini Adakah Malam <> Manakah dari dua akhir yang lebih berjaya dengan album pertamanya? || Aiken <> Siapa yang menduduki tempat keempat pada musim kedua? || Josh Gracin", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the first song that Ruben Studdard released after winning American Idol?", "id": "56d372d559d6e414001463fb", "answers": [{"text": "Flying Without Wings", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What contestant came in fourth on season two of American Idol?", "id": "56d372d559d6e414001463fc", "answers": [{"text": "Josh Gracin", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Clay Aiken first release after losing American Idol?", "id": "56d372d559d6e414001463fd", "answers": [{"text": "This Is the Night", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Studdard's coronation song?", "id": "56db0b29e7c41114004b4cbb", "answers": [{"text": "Flying Without Wings", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Aiken's single release named?", "id": "56db0b29e7c41114004b4cbc", "answers": [{"text": "This Is the Night", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of the final two had more success with his first album?", "id": "56db0b29e7c41114004b4cbd", "answers": [{"text": "Aiken", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who finished fourth on season two?", "id": "56db0b29e7c41114004b4cbe", "answers": [{"text": "Josh Gracin", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Both finalists found success after the show, but Aiken out-performed Studdard's coronation song \"Flying Without Wings\" with his single release from the show \"This Is the Night\", as well as in their subsequent album releases. The fourth-place finisher Josh Gracin also enjoyed some success as a country singer."}], ["Musim ketiga yang ditayangkan pada 19 Januari 2004. Salah seorang peserta yang paling berbincang semasa proses uji bakat ialah William Hung yang menyiarkan lagu \"She Bangs\" dari Ricky Martin yang mendapat perhatian yang meluas. Pendedahannya terhadap Idol membawa dia rekod rekod dan mengejutkannya menjadi penyanyi terlaris ketiga dari musim itu. <> Tahun apakah musim ketiga American Idol udara pertama? || 2004 <> Yang mana peserta paling terkenal kerana audisi buruknya \"She Bangs\"? || William Hung <> Yang mana peserta menjual lebih banyak album daripada semua kecuali dua dari tiga musim American Idol? || William Hung <> Bilakah musim perdana tiga? || 19 Januari 2004 <> Mana peserta yang menyanyi lagu \"She Bangs\"? || William Hung <> Yang mana peserta adalah nombor tiga dalam jualan dari musim ketiga? || William Hung", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did the third season of American Idol first air?", "id": "56d3730659d6e4140014640b", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant was best known for his bad audition of \"She Bangs\"?", "id": "56d3730659d6e4140014640c", "answers": [{"text": "William Hung", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant sold more albums than all except two from season three of American Idol?", "id": "56d3730659d6e4140014640d", "answers": [{"text": "William Hung", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did season three premiere?", "id": "56db0b9be7c41114004b4cc3", "answers": [{"text": "January 19, 2004", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant sang an off-key \"She Bangs\"?", "id": "56db0b9be7c41114004b4cc4", "answers": [{"text": "William Hung", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant was number three in sales from season three?", "id": "56db0b9be7c41114004b4cc5", "answers": [{"text": "William Hung", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Season three premiered on January 19, 2004. One of the most talked-about contestants during the audition process was William Hung whose off-key rendition of Ricky Martin's \"She Bangs\" received widespread attention. His exposure on Idol landed him a record deal and surprisingly he became the third best-selling singer from that season."}], ["Pada bulan Mei 2005, Carrie Underwood diumumkan pemenang, dengan Bice yang menjadi juara. Kedua-dua Underwood dan Bice mengeluarkan lagu coronation \"Inside Your Heaven\". Underwood telah menjual 65 juta rekod di seluruh dunia, dan menjadi peserta Idol yang paling berjaya di A.S., menjual lebih daripada 14 juta salinan album di A.S. dan mempunyai lebih banyak Underwood telah memenangi tujuh Anugerah Grammy, Grammy paling oleh alumnus \"American Idol\". <> Tahun apakah Carrie Underwood memenangi American Idol? || 2005 <> Berapa banyak rekod yang telah dijual oleh Carrie Underwood sejak memenangi American Idol? || 65 juta <> Apakah lagu pertama yang dikeluarkan oleh Carrie Underwood setelah memenangi American Idol? || Di dalam Langit Anda <> Yang mana peserta American Idol telah memenangi jumlah terbesar Grammy Awards? || Carrie Underwood <> Bilakah pemenangnya diisytiharkan? || Mei 2005 <> Siapa pemenang musim ini? || Carrie Underwood <> Apa lagu yang dibebaskan oleh dua finalis? || Di dalam Syurga Anda <> Berapa banyak rekod mempunyai Underwood yang dijual di Amerika? || 14 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did Carrie Underwood win American Idol?", "id": "56d3747759d6e41400146437", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many record has Carrie Underwood sold since winning American Idol?", "id": "56d3747759d6e41400146439", "answers": [{"text": "65 million", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first song released by Carrie Underwood after winning American Idol? ", "id": "56d3747759d6e4140014643a", "answers": [{"text": "Inside Your Heaven", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which American Idol contestant has won the biggest number of Grammy Awards?", "id": "56d3747759d6e4140014643b", "answers": [{"text": "Carrie Underwood", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the winner declared?", "id": "56db1ae3e7c41114004b4d1f", "answers": [{"text": "May 2005", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the winner of this season?", "id": "56db1ae3e7c41114004b4d20", "answers": [{"text": "Carrie Underwood", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did the two finalists release?", "id": "56db1ae3e7c41114004b4d22", "answers": [{"text": "Inside Your Heaven", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many records has Underwood sold in America?", "id": "56db1ae3e7c41114004b4d23", "answers": [{"text": "14 million", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In May 2005, Carrie Underwood was announced the winner, with Bice the runner-up. Both Underwood and Bice released the coronation song \"Inside Your Heaven\". Underwood has since sold 65 million records worldwide, and become the most successful Idol contestant in the U.S., selling over 14 million albums copies in the U.S. and has more  Underwood has won seven Grammy Awards, the most Grammys by an \"American Idol\" alumnus."}], ["Ruben Studdard muncul sebagai pemenang, mengalahkan Clay Aiken dengan margin kecil. Daripada jumlah 24 juta undi, Studdard menyelesaikan hanya 134,000 undi di hadapan Aiken. Margin kemenangan yang tipis ini kontroversi kerana sejumlah besar panggilan yang tidak dapat dilalui. Dalam temuramah sebelum musim lima, pengeluar eksekutif Nigel Lythgoe menunjukkan bahawa Aiken telah mengetuai pemilihan peminat dari minggu liar seterusnya hingga akhir. <> Siapa pemenang musim kedua American Idol? || Ruben Studdard <> Berapa banyak undian yang dibuang pada minggu terakhir? || 24 juta <> Siapa yang menjadi juara pada musim dua American Idol? || Clay Aiken <> Berapa banyak undian yang dimenangkan oleh Ruben Studdard? || 134,000 <> Apakah nama pengeluar eksekutif menunjukkan? || Nigel Lythgoe <> Siapa yang menang musim kedua? || Ruben Studdard <> Siapa pelari untuk musim kedua? || Clay Aiken <> Berapa banyak lagi undi Studdard pada akhir? || 134,000 <> Berapa banyak undian yang dibuang untuk akhir? || 24 juta <> Siapa yang mengatakan Nigel Lythgoe adalah kegemaran penggemar untuk majoriti musim ini? || Clay Aiken", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the season two winner of American Idol?", "id": "56d372a659d6e414001463f1", "answers": [{"text": "Ruben Studdard", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many votes were cast during the final week?", "id": "56d372a659d6e414001463f2", "answers": [{"text": "24 million", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the runner up on season two of American Idol?", "id": "56d372a659d6e414001463f3", "answers": [{"text": "Clay Aiken", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many votes did Ruben Studdard win by?", "id": "56d372a659d6e414001463f4", "answers": [{"text": "134,000", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the shows executive producer?", "id": "56d372a659d6e414001463f5", "answers": [{"text": "Nigel Lythgoe", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who won season two?", "id": "56db09ace7c41114004b4ca7", "answers": [{"text": "Ruben Studdard", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the runner up for season two?", "id": "56db09ace7c41114004b4ca8", "answers": [{"text": "Clay Aiken", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many more votes did Studdard have at the finale?", "id": "56db09ace7c41114004b4ca9", "answers": [{"text": "134,000", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many votes were cast for the finale?", "id": "56db09ace7c41114004b4caa", "answers": [{"text": "24 million", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Nigel Lythgoe say was a fan favorite for the majority of the season?", "id": "56db09ace7c41114004b4cab", "answers": [{"text": "Clay Aiken", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Ruben Studdard emerged as the winner, beating Clay Aiken by a small margin. Out of a total of 24 million votes, Studdard finished just 134,000 votes ahead of Aiken. This slim margin of victory was controversial due to the large number of calls that failed to get through. In an interview prior to season five, executive producer Nigel Lythgoe indicated that Aiken had led the fan voting from the wildcard week onward until the finale."}], ["Prestasi \"Summertime\" oleh Barrino, yang kemudiannya dikenali sebagai \"Fantasia\", di Top 8 dimuliakan secara meluas, dan Simon Cowell menganggapnya sebagai momen Idol kegemarannya dalam sembilan musim yang beliau tonton. Fantasia dan Diana DeGarmo adalah dua finalis terakhir, dan Fantasia dinobatkan sebagai pemenang. Fantasia dibebaskan sebagai penobatannya tunggal \"I Believe\", lagu yang ditulis bersama musim salah seorang finalis Tamyra Grey, dan DeGarmo mengeluarkan \"Impian\". Fantasia berjaya mendapatkan beberapa kejayaan sebagai artis rakaman, sementara Hudson, yang meletakkan ketujuh, menjadi satu-satunya kontestan Idol setakat ini untuk memenangi Anugerah Akademi dan Grammy. <> Siapa yang menjadi naib juara pada musim ketiga American Idol? || Diana DeGarmo <> Apakah nama tunggal pertama yang dibebaskan oleh Fantasia setelah memenangi American Idol? || Saya Percayalah <> Apa lagu pertama yang dikeluarkan oleh Diana DeGarmo setelah datang pada kedua American Idol? || Mimpi <> Apa lagu yang dimainkan Fantasia di pertunjukan Top 8? || Summertime <> Siapa yang mengatakan bahawa penggambaran Barrino musim panas telah menjadi momen puncaknya sepanjang musim? || Simon Cowell <> Siapa dua peserta akhir? || Fantasia dan Diana DeGarmo <> Siapa yang diumumkan pemenang musim? || Fantasia <> Apakah lagu coronasi Fantasia? || Saya percaya", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the runner up on the third season of American Idol?", "id": "56d3738f59d6e4140014641b", "answers": [{"text": "Diana DeGarmo", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the first single that Fantasia released after winning American Idol?", "id": "56d3738f59d6e4140014641c", "answers": [{"text": "I Believe", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first song released by Diana DeGarmo after coming in second on American Idol?", "id": "56d3738f59d6e4140014641d", "answers": [{"text": "Dreams", "answer_start": 434}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Fantasia sing on the Top 8 show?", "id": "56db193ce7c41114004b4cfb", "answers": [{"text": "Summertime", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has said that Barrino's rendition of Summertime has been his top moment of all seasons?", "id": "56db193ce7c41114004b4cfc", "answers": [{"text": "Simon Cowell", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were the final two contestants?", "id": "56db193ce7c41114004b4cfd", "answers": [{"text": "Fantasia and Diana DeGarmo", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was declared the season winner?", "id": "56db193ce7c41114004b4cfe", "answers": [{"text": "Fantasia", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Fantasia's coronation song?", "id": "56db193ce7c41114004b4cff", "answers": [{"text": "I Believe", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The performance of \"Summertime\" by Barrino, later known simply as \"Fantasia\", at Top 8 was widely praised, and Simon Cowell considered it as his favorite Idol moment in the nine seasons he was on the show. Fantasia and Diana DeGarmo were the last two finalists, and Fantasia was crowned as the winner. Fantasia released as her coronation single \"I Believe\", a song co-written by season one finalist Tamyra Gray, and DeGarmo released \"Dreams\". Fantasia went on to gain some successes as a recording artist, while Hudson, who placed seventh, became the only Idol contestant so far to win both an Academy Award and a Grammy."}], ["Banyak perhatian media pada musim itu telah tertumpu kepada tiga penyanyi hitam, Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London, dan Jennifer Hudson, yang digelar Tiga Divas. Ketiga-tiga tanpa diduga mendarat di bahagian bawah tiga dalam pertunjukan tujuh teratas, dengan Hudson kontroversi dihapuskan. Elton John, yang merupakan salah seorang mentor musim itu, memanggil keputusan undi \"sangat rasis\". Ketinggalan zaman John Stevens dan Jasmine Trias dalam perlawanan akhir, walaupun komen negatif dari hakim, telah membangkitkan kebencian, sehingga John Stevens dilaporkan menerima ancaman kematian, yang dipecat sebagai lelucon 'dilepaskan dari perkadaran'. <> Apakah ketiga-tiga pesaing wanita hitam pada musim ketiga American Idol biasanya dirujuk sebagai? || The Three Divas <> yang mana peserta telah dihapuskan pada minggu ke-7? || Jennifer Hudson <> Apa penyanyi terkenal yang membuat tuntutan perkauman selepas Jennifer Hudson dihapuskan dari American Idol? || Elton John <> Yang mana tiga kontestan musim di American Idol adalah penerima ancaman kematian yang dilaporkan? || John Stevens <> Apakah Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London dan Jennifer Hudson dipanggil? || The Three Divas <> Antara ketiga-tiga mereka telah dihapuskan? || Jennifer Hudson <> Siapa kata bahawa keputusannya adalah perkauman? || Elton John <> Yang peserta dilaporkan menerima ancaman kematian dalam pertunjukan itu? || John Stevens", {"qas": [{"question": "What were the three black female contestants on season three of American Idol commonly referred to as?", "id": "56d3733e59d6e41400146411", "answers": [{"text": "the Three Divas", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant was eliminated during the week of the top seven?", "id": "56d3733e59d6e41400146412", "answers": [{"text": "Jennifer Hudson", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What famous singer made claims of racism after Jennifer Hudson was eliminated from American Idol?", "id": "56d3733e59d6e41400146413", "answers": [{"text": "Elton John", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which season three contestant on American Idol was the recipient of reported death threats?", "id": "56d3733e59d6e41400146414", "answers": [{"text": "John Stevens", "answer_start": 406}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London and Jennifer Hudson called?", "id": "56db18bae7c41114004b4cf1", "answers": [{"text": "the Three Divas", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of the three was eliminated?", "id": "56db18bae7c41114004b4cf3", "answers": [{"text": "Jennifer Hudson", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said that the results were racist?", "id": "56db18bae7c41114004b4cf4", "answers": [{"text": "Elton John", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant reportedly received a death threat on the show?", "id": "56db18bae7c41114004b4cf5", "answers": [{"text": "John Stevens", "answer_start": 406}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Much media attention on the season had been focused on the three black singers, Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London, and Jennifer Hudson, dubbed the Three Divas. All three unexpectedly landed on the bottom three on the top seven result show, with Hudson controversially eliminated. Elton John, who was one of the mentors that season, called the results of the votes \"incredibly racist\". The prolonged stays of John Stevens and Jasmine Trias in the finals, despite negative comments from the judges, had aroused resentment, so much so that John Stevens reportedly received a death threat, which he dismissed as a joke 'blown out of proportion'."}], ["Corey Clark telah hilang kelayakan semasa perlawanan akhir kerana mempunyai rekod polis yang tidak didedahkan; Walau bagaimanapun, dia kemudiannya mendakwa bahawa dia dan Paula Abdul mempunyai hubungan sulit semasa di pameran itu dan ini menyumbang kepada pengusirannya. Clark juga mendakwa bahawa Abdul memberikan rawatan keistimewaan pada pertunjukan itu kerana urusan mereka. Tuduhan itu ditolak oleh Fox selepas siasatan bebas. Dua separuh akhir juga dibatalkan kelayakan pada tahun itu - Jaered Andrews untuk ditangkap atas tuduhan serangan, dan Frenchie Davis kerana sebelum ini dimodelkan untuk laman web dewasa. <> Hakim mana yang membuat Corey Clark mendakwa mempunyai hubungan sulit dengannya? || Paula Abdul <> Konten mana yang telah dikeluarkan dari pertandingan kerana telah menjadi model di laman web dewasa? || Frenchie Davis <> Mana peserta yang dikeluarkan dari pertandingan itu kerana tidak mendedahkan rekod polisnya? || Corey Clark <> Yang peserta sebelum ini telah ditangkap dan didakwa dengan serangan? || Jaered Andrews <> Siapa yang hilang kelayakan kerana mempunyai rekod polis? || Corey Clark <> Kontroversi mana yang telah dialih keluar dari persembahan untuk pemodelan untuk tapak web dewasa? || Frenchie Davis <> Mana peserta yang hilang kelayakan kerana caj penyerang? || Jaered Andrews", {"qas": [{"question": "Which judge did Corey Clark claim to have had an affair with?", "id": "56d3726559d6e414001463e7", "answers": [{"text": "Paula Abdul", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant was removed from the competition for having been a model on an adult website?", "id": "56d3726559d6e414001463e8", "answers": [{"text": "Frenchie Davis", "answer_start": 492}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant was removed from the competition for not revealing his police record?", "id": "56d3726559d6e414001463e9", "answers": [{"text": "Corey Clark", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant had previously been arrested and charged with assault?", "id": "56d3726559d6e414001463eb", "answers": [{"text": "Jaered Andrews", "answer_start": 437}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was disqualified for having a police record?", "id": "56db0942e7c41114004b4c9f", "answers": [{"text": "Corey Clark", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant was removed from the show for modelling for an adult website?", "id": "56db0942e7c41114004b4ca1", "answers": [{"text": "Frenchie Davis", "answer_start": 492}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant was disqualified because of an assault charge?", "id": "56db0942e7c41114004b4ca2", "answers": [{"text": "Jaered Andrews", "answer_start": 437}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Corey Clark was disqualified during the finals for having an undisclosed police record; however, he later alleged that he and Paula Abdul had an affair while on the show and that this contributed to his expulsion. Clark also claimed that Abdul gave him preferential treatment on the show due to their affair. The allegations were dismissed by Fox after an independent investigation. Two semi-finalists were also disqualified that year \u2013 Jaered Andrews for an arrest on an assault charge, and Frenchie Davis for having previously modelled for an adult website."}], ["Pada musim 23 Mei, Jordin Sparks diisytiharkan sebagai pemenang dengan pelari Blake Lewis. Sparks mempunyai beberapa kejayaan sebagai artis pasca-Idol rakaman. <> Siapa pemenang American Idol musim keenam? || Jordin Sparks <> Siapa yang datang di tempat kedua pada musim enam American Idol? || Blake Lewis <> Pada tarikh apakah American Idol telah menamatkan musim enam musim? || 23 Mei <> Bilakah yang terakhir disiarkan? || 23 Mei <> Yang mana peserta memenangi musim? || Jordin Sparks", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the winner of American Idols sixth season?", "id": "56d3762f59d6e41400146479", "answers": [{"text": "Jordin Sparks", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who came in second on season six of American Idol?", "id": "56d3762f59d6e4140014647a", "answers": [{"text": "Blake Lewis", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did American Idol air its season six finale?", "id": "56d3762f59d6e4140014647b", "answers": [{"text": "May 23", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the finale aired?", "id": "56db1dbfe7c41114004b4d79", "answers": [{"text": "May 23", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant won the season?", "id": "56db1dbfe7c41114004b4d7a", "answers": [{"text": "Jordin Sparks", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the May 23 season finale, Jordin Sparks was declared the winner with the runner-up being Blake Lewis. Sparks has had some success as a recording artist post-Idol."}], ["Musim enam bermula pada hari Selasa, 16 Januari 2007. Premiere menarik penonton besar sebanyak 37.3 juta penonton, memuncak dalam setengah jam terakhir dengan lebih daripada 41 juta penonton. <> Tahun apakah musim pertama Amerika Idol udara pertama? || 2007 <> Berapa ramai orang yang menonton premiere musim American Idol pada tahun 2007? || 37.3 juta <> Bilakah musim enam perdana? || 16 Januari 2007 <> Berapa ramai penonton secara keseluruhan melakukan persembahan pertama musim ini? || 37.3 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did the sixth season of American Idol first air?", "id": "56d3757559d6e41400146459", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people watched the season premiere of American Idol in 2007?", "id": "56d3757559d6e4140014645a", "answers": [{"text": "37.3 million", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did season six premiere?", "id": "56db1c9de7c41114004b4d57", "answers": [{"text": "January 16, 2007", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many overall viewers did the first show of the season generate?", "id": "56db1c9de7c41114004b4d58", "answers": [{"text": "37.3 million", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Season six began on Tuesday, January 16, 2007. The premiere drew a massive audience of 37.3 million viewers, peaking in the last half hour with more than 41 million viewers."}], ["Pada 30 Mei 2006, Taylor Hicks dinamakan American Idol, dengan Katharine McPhee sebagai pelari. \"Do I Make You Proud\" dibebaskan sebagai single pertama Hicks dan McPhee adalah \"My Destiny\". <> Siapa pemenang American Idol pada tahun 2006? || Taylor Hicks <> Apakah nama lagu pertama yang dibebaskan oleh Taylor Hicks selepas memenangi American Idol? || Adakah Saya Membuat Anda Bangga <> Apakah lagu pertama yang dibebaskan Katherine McPhee selepas datang pada kedua American Idol? || Destiny saya <> Siapa pemenang musim ini? || Taylor Hicks <> Apa debut Hick tunggal? || Adakah saya Membuat Anda Bangga <> Apakah yang pertama kali di McPhee? || Takdir saya", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the winner American Idol in 2006?", "id": "56d3753559d6e4140014644d", "answers": [{"text": "Taylor Hicks", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the first song that Taylor Hicks released after winning American Idol?", "id": "56d3753559d6e4140014644f", "answers": [{"text": "Do I Make You Proud", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first song that Katherine McPhee released after coming in second on American Idol?", "id": "56d3753559d6e41400146450", "answers": [{"text": "My Destiny", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the winner for this season?", "id": "56db1c21e7c41114004b4d4a", "answers": [{"text": "Taylor Hicks", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Hick's debut single?", "id": "56db1c21e7c41114004b4d4c", "answers": [{"text": "Do I Make You Proud", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was McPhee's first single?", "id": "56db1c21e7c41114004b4d4d", "answers": [{"text": "My Destiny", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On May 30, 2006, Taylor Hicks was named American Idol, with Katharine McPhee the runner-up. \"Do I Make You Proud\" was released as Hicks' first single and McPhee's was \"My Destiny\"."}], ["Meskipun dihilangkan awal pada musim ini, Chris Daughtry (sebagai pendahulu band Daughtry) menjadi artis rakaman paling berjaya dari musim ini. Peserta lain, seperti Hicks, McPhee, Bucky Covington, Mandisa, Kellie Pickler, dan Elliott Yamin mempunyai tahap kejayaan yang berbeza-beza. <> Di mana musim lima peserta telah mendapat kejayaan yang paling selepas pertunjukan? || Chris Daughtry <> Apa namanya jika band yang mempunyai Chris Daughtry sebagai penyanyi utama? || Daughtry <> Siapa artis paling berjaya dari musim ini? || Chris Daughtry <> Band apa yang Chris Singing menyanyi? || Daughtry", {"qas": [{"question": "Which season five contestant has had the most success after the show?", "id": "56d3754d59d6e41400146455", "answers": [{"text": "Chris Daughtry", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name if the band that has Chris Daughtry as its lead singer?", "id": "56d3754d59d6e41400146456", "answers": [{"text": "Daughtry", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the most successful artist from this season?", "id": "56db1c56e7c41114004b4d53", "answers": [{"text": "Chris Daughtry", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What band does Chris Daughtry sing for?", "id": "56db1c56e7c41114004b4d54", "answers": [{"text": "Daughtry", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Despite being eliminated earlier in the season, Chris Daughtry (as lead of the band Daughtry) became the most successful recording artist from this season. Other contestants, such as Hicks, McPhee, Bucky Covington, Mandisa, Kellie Pickler, and Elliott Yamin have had varying levels of success."}], ["Musim 5 bermula pada 17 Januari 2006. Ia kekal sebagai musim tertinggi dalam acara pameran itu setakat ini. Dua daripada peserta yang lebih menonjol semasa pusingan Hollywood adalah kembar Brittenum yang kemudiannya dibatalkan kerana kecurian identiti. <> Musim mana American Idol menonjol kerana mendapat penilaian tertinggi? || Musim lima <> Yang mana dua peserta telah dialih keluar dari pertunjukan untuk tuduhan pencurian identiti? || kembar Brittenum <> Musim manakah yang menjadi undian tertinggi semua musim American Idol? || Musim lima <> Bilakah musim lima perdana? || 17 Januari 2006 <> Yang mana dua peserta telah memulakan rancangan untuk kecurian identiti? || kembar Brittenum", {"qas": [{"question": "Which season of American Idol stands out for having the highest ratings?", "id": "56d374a259d6e41400146442", "answers": [{"text": "Season five", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two contestants were removed from the show for accusations of identity theft?", "id": "56d374a259d6e41400146443", "answers": [{"text": "the Brittenum twins", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which season has been the highest rated of all American Idol seasons?", "id": "56db1b5ee7c41114004b4d33", "answers": [{"text": "Season five", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did season five premiere?", "id": "56db1b5ee7c41114004b4d34", "answers": [{"text": "January 17, 2006", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two contestants were kicked off the show for identity theft?", "id": "56db1b5ee7c41114004b4d35", "answers": [{"text": "the Brittenum twins", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Season five began on January 17, 2006. It remains the highest-rated season in the show's run so far. Two of the more prominent contestants during the Hollywood round were the Brittenum twins who were later disqualified for identity theft."}], ["Musim ini juga menyaksikan pelancaran pertandingan Songwriter American Idol yang membolehkan peminat mengundi \"lagu coronation\". Beribu-ribu rakaman lagu-lagu asal dikemukakan oleh penulis lagu, dan 20 penyertaan dipilih untuk undi umum. Lagu yang dimenangi, \"This Is My Now\", telah dilakukan oleh kedua-dua finalis semasa final dan dikeluarkan oleh Sparks pada 24 Mei 2007. <> Pada tahun apakah American Idol memulakan peraduan untuk menentukan pemenang tunggal? || 2007 <> Apakah lagu pertama yang dikeluarkan oleh Jordin Sparks selepas memenangi American Idol? || Ini Adakah Saya Sekarang <> Bagaimana ini \"Ini Kini Saya\" memutuskan sebagai single pertama untuk pemenang American Idol pada tahun 2007? || undi umum <> Peraduan mana yang bermula pada musim ini? || Peraduan penulis lagu American Idol <> Peminat dapat mengundi untuk apa peraduan ini? || lagu coronation <> Daripada ribuan lagu yang dimasukkan, berapa ramai yang dapat mengundi? || 20 <> Apa lagu memenangi pertandingan? || Ini Adakah Saya Sekarang <> Bilakah Sparks membebaskan versi lagu itu? || 24 Mei 2007", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did American Idol begin a contest to decide the winners single?", "id": "56d3768e59d6e41400146489", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the first song released by Jordin Sparks after winning American Idol?", "id": "56d3768e59d6e4140014648a", "answers": [{"text": "This Is My Now", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How was \"This is My Now\" decided as the first single for the American Idol winner in 2007?", "id": "56d3768e59d6e4140014648b", "answers": [{"text": "public vote", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contest started during this season?", "id": "56db1e20e7c41114004b4d87", "answers": [{"text": "American Idol Songwriter contest", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Fans could vote for what during this contest?", "id": "56db1e20e7c41114004b4d88", "answers": [{"text": "coronation song", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of the thousands of songs entered, how many were the public able to vote for?", "id": "56db1e20e7c41114004b4d89", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song won the contest?", "id": "56db1e20e7c41114004b4d8a", "answers": [{"text": "This Is My Now", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Sparks release her version of the song?", "id": "56db1e20e7c41114004b4d8b", "answers": [{"text": "May 24, 2007", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "This season also saw the launch of the American Idol Songwriter contest which allows fans to vote for the \"coronation song\". Thousands of recordings of original songs were submitted by songwriters, and 20 entries selected for the public vote. The winning song, \"This Is My Now\", was performed by both finalists during the finale and released by Sparks on May 24, 2007."}], ["Musim ini menyaksikan acara pertama yang diilhamkan oleh Idol Menangkan Kembali, yang menaikkan lebih daripada $ 76 juta dalam sumbangan korporat dan penonton. Tidak ada peserta yang disingkirkan minggu itu, tetapi dua (Phil Stacey dan Chris Richardson) telah dihapuskan. Melinda Doolittle telah dihapuskan dalam tiga perlawanan terakhir. <> Apakah nama acara kebajikan pada musim enam American Idol? || Idol Memberikan Kembali <> Berapa banyak wang yang dilakukan oleh Idol Give Back event pada tahun 2007? || $ 76 juta <> Apa penyanyi yang menduduki tempat ketiga pada musim keenam American Idol? || Melinda Doolittle <> Apa acara amal yang berlaku musim ini? || Idol Memberi Balik <> Yang mana dua peserta telah dihapuskan pada minggu berikutnya? || Phil Stacey dan Chris Richardson <> Siapa yang telah dielakkan dalam pertunjukan Top 3? || Melinda Doolittle", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the charity event on season six of American Idol?", "id": "56d3760759d6e41400146471", "answers": [{"text": "Idol Gives Back", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money did the Idol Gives Back event raise in 2007?", "id": "56d3760759d6e41400146472", "answers": [{"text": "$76 million", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What singer came in third on the sixth season of American Idol?", "id": "56d3760759d6e41400146474", "answers": [{"text": "Melinda Doolittle", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the charity event that occurred this season?", "id": "56db1d92e7c41114004b4d71", "answers": [{"text": "Idol Gives Back", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two contestants were eliminated the following week?", "id": "56db1d92e7c41114004b4d73", "answers": [{"text": "Phil Stacey and Chris Richardson", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was eliminated on the Top 3 show?", "id": "56db1d92e7c41114004b4d74", "answers": [{"text": "Melinda Doolittle", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "This season saw the first Idol Gives Back telethon-inspired event, which raised more than $76 million in corporate and viewer donations. No contestant was eliminated that week, but two (Phil Stacey and Chris Richardson) were eliminated the next. Melinda Doolittle was eliminated in the final three."}], ["Prestasi Chris Daughtry mengenai \"Pendarahan\" Fuel (Dalam Tangan Saya) \"di pameran itu telah dipuji secara meluas dan membawa kepada jemputan untuk menyertai kumpulan itu sebagai penyanyi utama Fuel, jemputan yang ditolaknya. Pencapaiannya versi Live \"I Walk the Line\" diterima dengan baik oleh para hakim tetapi kemudian dikritik di beberapa pihak kerana tidak mengkreditkan susunan ke Live. Dia telah dielakkan di empat teratas dalam hasil yang mengejutkan. <> Yang mana peserta telah membuat Fuel band menjadi penyanyi utama mereka? || Chris Daughtry <> Musim 5 yang mana kontroversi menyebabkan kontroversi dengan prestasi saya Walk the Line? || Chris Daughtry <> Mana peserta yang mengejutkan telah dihapuskan pada minggu keempat? || Chris Daughtry <> Siapa yang membuat lagu Fuel pada musim ini? || Chris Daughtry <> Bahan api bertanya Chris Daughtry untuk menjadi apa? || penyanyi utama <> Siapa yang telah dielakkan dalam pertunjukan Top 4? || Chris Daughtry <> Yang prestasi lagu mana dia menerima pujian dan kritikan? || Saya Berjalan Barisan <> Mengapa dia menerima kritikan kerana saya Berjalan Barisan || tidak mengkreditkan susunan ke Live", {"qas": [{"question": "Which contestant did the band Fuel ask to be their new lead singer?", "id": "56d374c959d6e41400146447", "answers": [{"text": "Chris Daughtry", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which season five contestant caused controversy with their performance of I Walk the Line?", "id": "56d374c959d6e41400146448", "answers": [{"text": "Chris Daughtry", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant was surprisingly eliminated during the week of the top four?", "id": "56d374c959d6e41400146449", "answers": [{"text": "Chris Daughtry", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who performed a Fuel song on this season?", "id": "56db1bd0e7c41114004b4d3f", "answers": [{"text": "Chris Daughtry", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Fuel asked Chris Daughtry to become what?", "id": "56db1bd0e7c41114004b4d40", "answers": [{"text": "lead singer", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was eliminated in the Top 4 show?", "id": "56db1bd0e7c41114004b4d41", "answers": [{"text": "Chris Daughtry", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which song performance did he receive both praise and criticism for?", "id": "56db1bd0e7c41114004b4d42", "answers": [{"text": "I Walk the Line", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did he receive criticism for I Walk the Line", "id": "56db1bd0e7c41114004b4d43", "answers": [{"text": "not crediting the arrangement to Live", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chris Daughtry's performance of Fuel's \"Hemorrhage (In My Hands)\" on the show was widely praised and led to an invitation to join the band as Fuel's new lead singer, an invitation he declined. His performance of Live's version of \"I Walk the Line\" was well received by the judges but later criticized in some quarters for not crediting the arrangement to Live. He was eliminated at the top four in a shocking result."}], ["Remaja Sanjaya Malakar adalah peserta pertandingan yang paling sering dibicarakan pada musim ini kerana gaya rambutnya yang luar biasa, dan untuk menguruskan untuk menghilangkan penghapusan selama beberapa minggu kerana sebahagiannya ke weblog Undi untuk personaliti radio terburuk dan satelit Howard Stern, yang menggalakkan peminat untuk memilihnya . Walau bagaimanapun, pada 18 April, Sanjaya diundi. <> Siapa penyanyi yang paling dibincangkan di American Idols musim keenam? || Sanjaya Malakar <> Apa selebriti meminta peminatnya untuk mengundi Sanjaya Malakar atas American Idol? || Howard Stern <> Apakah nama blog yang cuba mengundi untuk Sanjaya Malakar di American Idol? || Undi untuk The Worst <> Apa tarikh Sanjaya Malakar dihapuskan pada American Idol? || April 18 <> Apa musim enam peserta American Idol terkenal dengan gaya rambutnya yang pelik? || Sanjaya Malakar <> Yang peserta bercakap lebih banyak daripada yang lain musim ini? || Sanjaya Malakar <> Apa sebab utama Sanjaya mendapat perhatian? || rambut <> weblog mana yang membantu Sanjaya terus bertahan seminggu lagi? || Undi untuk Yang Terburuk <> Yang mengejutkan jock menggesa orang ramai untuk mengundi Sanjaya? || Howard Stern <> Bilakah Sanjaya dihapuskan? || April 18", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the most discussed singer in American Idols sixth season?", "id": "56d375b159d6e4140014645d", "answers": [{"text": "Sanjaya Malakar", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What celebrity asked his fans to vote for Sanjaya Malakar on American Idol?", "id": "56d375b159d6e4140014645e", "answers": [{"text": "Howard Stern", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the blog that tried to rally votes for Sanjaya Malakar on American Idol?", "id": "56d375b159d6e4140014645f", "answers": [{"text": "Vote for the Worst", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What date was Sanjaya Malakar eliminated on American Idol?", "id": "56d375b159d6e41400146460", "answers": [{"text": "April 18", "answer_start": 295}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What season six American Idol contestant was known for his strange hairstyles?", "id": "56d375b159d6e41400146461", "answers": [{"text": "Sanjaya Malakar", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant was talked about more than any other this season?", "id": "56db1d2fe7c41114004b4d67", "answers": [{"text": "Sanjaya Malakar", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the main reason Sanjaya garnered such attention?", "id": "56db1d2fe7c41114004b4d68", "answers": [{"text": "hair", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which weblog helped Sanjaya survive elimination week over and over again?", "id": "56db1d2fe7c41114004b4d69", "answers": [{"text": "Vote for the Worst", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which shock jock urged people to vote for Sanjaya?", "id": "56db1d2fe7c41114004b4d6a", "answers": [{"text": "Howard Stern", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Sanjaya eliminated? ", "id": "56db1d2fe7c41114004b4d6b", "answers": [{"text": "April 18", "answer_start": 295}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Teenager Sanjaya Malakar was the season's most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo, and for managing to survive elimination for many weeks due in part to the weblog Vote for the Worst and satellite radio personality Howard Stern, who both encouraged fans to vote for him. However, on April 18, Sanjaya was voted off."}], ["Musim keempat ditayangkan pada 18 Januari 2005; ini adalah musim pertama siri yang akan disiarkan dalam definisi tinggi, walaupun akhir musim ketiga juga disiarkan dalam definisi tinggi. Jumlah mereka yang mengikuti sesi uji kaji kini meningkat kepada lebih daripada 100,000 daripada 10,000 musim pertama. Had umur dinaikkan kepada 28 pada musim ini, dan di antara mereka yang mendapat manfaat daripada peraturan baru ini ialah Constantine Maroulis dan Bo Bice, dua rocker pertunjukan. <> Tahun apakah musim pertama empat udara American Idol? || 2005 <> Berapa banyak peserta bertanding untuk musim keempat American Idol? || lebih 100,000 <> Apa yang tertua yang anda boleh layak sebagai peserta pada musim keempat American Idol? || 28 <> Apa musim penuh American Idol yang pertama disiarkan dalam definisi tinggi? || Musim empat <> Di mana musim itu Bo Bice seorang peserta di American Idol? || Musim empat <> Bilakah musim empat perdana? || 18 Januari 2005 <> Musim empat adalah musim penuh pertama yang disiarkan dalam apa? || definisi tinggi <> Berapa ramai orang yang mengikuti audisi untuk menjadi American Idol? || Lebih 100,000 <> Berapa usia maksima peserta boleh memulakan musim ini? || 28", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did season four of American Idol first air?", "id": "56d3765559d6e4140014647f", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many contestants auditioned for the fourth season of American Idol?", "id": "56d3765559d6e41400146480", "answers": [{"text": "over 100,000", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the oldest that you could be to qualify as a contestant on the fourth season of American Idol?", "id": "56d3765559d6e41400146481", "answers": [{"text": "28", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What  was the first full season of American Idol to air in high definition?", "id": "56d3765559d6e41400146482", "answers": [{"text": "Season four", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which season was Bo Bice a contestant on American Idol?", "id": "56d3765559d6e41400146483", "answers": [{"text": "Season four", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did season four premiere?", "id": "56db19b5e7c41114004b4d05", "answers": [{"text": "January 18, 2005", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Season four was the first full season to be aired in what?", "id": "56db19b5e7c41114004b4d06", "answers": [{"text": "high definition", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people auditioned to be on American Idol?", "id": "56db19b5e7c41114004b4d07", "answers": [{"text": "over 100,000", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the maximum age a contestant could be starting this season?", "id": "56db19b5e7c41114004b4d08", "answers": [{"text": "28", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Season four premiered on January 18, 2005; this was the first season of the series to be aired in high definition, although the finale of season three was also aired in high definition. The number of those attending the auditions by now had increased to over 100,000 from the 10,000 of the first season. The age limit was raised to 28 in this season, and among those who benefited from this new rule were Constantine Maroulis and Bo Bice, the two rockers of the show."}], ["Para finalis ialah Cook dan Archuleta. David Cook diumumkan pemenang pada 21 Mei 2008, rocker pertama untuk memenangi pertunjukan tersebut. Kedua-dua Cook dan Archuleta mempunyai beberapa kejayaan sebagai artis rakaman dengan kedua-dua jualan lebih sejuta album di A.S. <> Yang memenangi tujuh musim American Idol? || David Cook <> Siapa artis Rock dan Roll pertama yang memenangi American Idol? || David Cook <> Bilakah pemenangnya diumumkan? || 21 Mei 2008 <> Siapa pemenang? || David Cook", {"qas": [{"question": "Who won season seven of American Idol?", "id": "56d3788a59d6e414001464aa", "answers": [{"text": "David Cook", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first Rock and Roll artist to win American Idol?", "id": "56d3788a59d6e414001464ad", "answers": [{"text": "David Cook", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the winner announced?", "id": "56db2056e7c41114004b4db6", "answers": [{"text": "May 21, 2008", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the winner?", "id": "56db2056e7c41114004b4db7", "answers": [{"text": "David Cook", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The finalists were Cook and Archuleta. David Cook was announced the winner on May 21, 2008, the first rocker to win the show. Both Cook and Archuleta had some success as recording artists with both selling over a million albums in the U.S."}], ["Kedua-dua Allen dan Lambert melepaskan lagu coronation, \"No Boundaries\" yang ditulis bersama oleh DioGuardi. Ini adalah musim pertama di mana pemenang gagal mencapai status album emas, dan tiada satu pun dari musim itu yang mencapai status album platinum di AS [rujukan?] <> Apa nama lagu yang dimainkan oleh Kris Allen dan Adam Lamber selepas Amerika Idol? || Tiada Batasan <> Siapa yang membantu menulis lagu \"Tiada Batasan\"? || DioGuardi <> Apa lagu coronasi untuk musim ini? || Tiada Batasan <> Siapa yang menulis lagu coronasi? || DioGuardi <> Tidak seperti setiap pemenang sebelumnya, pemenang musim ini gagal mencapai status apa? || status album emas <> Berapa banyak peserta dari musim ini mencapai status album platinum? || tiada", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the song that Kris Allen and Adam Lamber released after American Idol?", "id": "56d37afb59d6e414001464df", "answers": [{"text": "No Boundaries", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who helped write the song \"No Boundaries\"?", "id": "56d37afb59d6e414001464e1", "answers": [{"text": "DioGuardi", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the coronation song for this season?", "id": "56db2305e7c41114004b4df3", "answers": [{"text": "No Boundaries", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who co-wrote the coronation song?", "id": "56db2305e7c41114004b4df4", "answers": [{"text": "DioGuardi", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Unlike every previous winner, the winner of this season failed to achieve what status?", "id": "56db2305e7c41114004b4df5", "answers": [{"text": "gold album status", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many contestants from this season reached platinum album status?", "id": "56db2305e7c41114004b4df6", "answers": [{"text": "none", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Both Allen and Lambert released the coronation song, \"No Boundaries\" which was co-written by DioGuardi. This is the first season in which the winner failed to achieve gold album status, and none from that season achieved platinum album status in the U.S.[citation needed]"}], ["Peraduan penulis lagu American Idol juga diadakan pada musim ini. Dari sepuluh daripada penyerahan yang paling popular, setiap dua peserta akhir memilih lagu untuk dipertanggungjawabkan, walaupun kedua-dua pilihan mereka telah digunakan sebagai \"lagu coronation\". Lagu yang dimenangi, \"The Time of My Life\", dirakam oleh David Cook dan dibebaskan pada 22 Mei 2008. <> Apa nama lagu pertama yang dikeluarkan oleh David Cook setelah memenangi American Idol? || Masa Hidupku <> Bagaimana kemenangan tunggal memilih musim tujuh American Idol? || Pertandingan penulis lagu American Idol <> Tahun apa David Cook membebaskan satu, \"Masa Hidupku\"? || 2008 <> Apakah lagu coronasi? || Masa Hidupku <> Ketika Cook membebaskan versi Masa Hidupku? || 22 Mei 2008", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the first song released by David Cook after winning American Idol?", "id": "56d378bb59d6e414001464b3", "answers": [{"text": "The Time of My Life", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How was the winning single chose on season seven of American Idol?", "id": "56d378bb59d6e414001464b4", "answers": [{"text": "The American Idol Songwriter contest", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did David Cook release the single, \"The Time of My Life\"?", "id": "56d378bb59d6e414001464b5", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the coronation song?", "id": "56db20bae7c41114004b4dc8", "answers": [{"text": "The Time of My Life", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Cook release his version of The Time of My Life?", "id": "56db20bae7c41114004b4dc9", "answers": [{"text": "May 22, 2008", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The American Idol Songwriter contest was also held this season. From ten of the most popular submissions, each of the final two contestants chose a song to perform, although neither of their selections was used as the \"coronation song\". The winning song, \"The Time of My Life\", was recorded by David Cook and released on May 22, 2008."}], ["Musim lapan ditayangkan pada 13 Januari 2009. Mike Darnell, presiden pengaturcaraan alternatif untuk Fox, menyatakan bahawa musim akan memberi tumpuan lebih kepada kehidupan peribadi peserta. Oleh itu, perhatian awal pada persembahan itu difokuskan pada janda Danny Gokey. [Rujukan?] <> Apa tahun pertama musim kelapan American Idol udara pertama? || 2009 <> Yang peserta dari musim lapan mengalami kehilangan pasangan? || Danny Gokey <> Apakah kedudukan Mike Darnells di Fox pada tahun 2009? || presiden pengaturcaraan alternatif <> Berapa bulan apakah American Idol mula menyiarkan musim kedelapannya? || Januari <> Bilakah musim lapan perdana? || 13 Januari 2009 <> Siapa presiden pengaturcaraan alternatif di Fox? || Mike Darnell <> Mana peserta yang mendapat banyak perhatian kerana janda beliau? || Danny Gokey", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did the eighth season of American Idol first air?", "id": "56d378f459d6e414001464b9", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant from season eight suffered the loss of a spouse?", "id": "56d378f459d6e414001464ba", "answers": [{"text": "Danny Gokey", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Mike Darnells position at Fox in 2009?", "id": "56d378f459d6e414001464bb", "answers": [{"text": "president of alternative programming", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What month did American Idol begin airing its eighth season?", "id": "56d378f459d6e414001464bc", "answers": [{"text": "January", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did season eight premiere?", "id": "56db2120e7c41114004b4dcd", "answers": [{"text": "January 13, 2009", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the president of alternative programming at Fox?", "id": "56db2120e7c41114004b4dce", "answers": [{"text": "Mike Darnell", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant received a lot of attention because of his widowhood?", "id": "56db2120e7c41114004b4dd0", "answers": [{"text": "Danny Gokey", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Season eight premiered on January 13, 2009. Mike Darnell, the president of alternative programming for Fox, stated that the season would focus more on the contestants' personal life. Much early attention on the show was therefore focused on the widowhood of Danny Gokey.[citation needed]"}], ["Terdapat 13 finalis musim ini, tetapi dua telah dihapuskan dalam pertunjukan pertama pertandingan akhir. Ciri-ciri baru yang diperkenalkan ialah \"Judges 'Save\", dan Matt Giraud diselamatkan daripada penghapusan di tujuh teratas oleh hakim apabila dia menerima undi paling sedikit. Minggu depan, Lil Round dan Anoop Desai telah dihapuskan. <> Berapa banyak finalis yang ada di musim lapan American Idol? || 13 <> Siapa peserta pertama yang mendapat manfaat daripada Hakim Simpan? || Matt Giraud <> Berapa banyak peserta yang telah dihapuskan dalam minggu pertama selepas hakim menyelamatkan? || dua <> Berapa banyak peserta yang dihantar pulang pada minggu pertama perlawanan akhir? || dua <> Siapa yang dihantar pulang seminggu selepas hakim menyelamatkan Matt Giraud? || Lil Pusingan dan Anoop Desai <> Berapa banyak finalis pada musim ini? || 13 <> Berapa banyak finalis yang telah dihapuskan semasa menunjukkan hasil pertama? || dua <> peserta mana yang diselamatkan dengan Judges 'Save? || Matt Giraud", {"qas": [{"question": "How many finalists were there on season eight of American Idol?", "id": "56d37a4159d6e414001464cb", "answers": [{"text": "13", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first contestant to benefit from the Judges Save?", "id": "56d37a4159d6e414001464cc", "answers": [{"text": "Matt Giraud", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many contestants were eliminated during the first week after the judges save?", "id": "56d37a4159d6e414001464cd", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many contestants were sent home during the first week of finals?", "id": "56d37a4159d6e414001464ce", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was sent home the week after the judges saved Matt Giraud?", "id": "56d37a4159d6e414001464cf", "answers": [{"text": "Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many finalists were on this season?", "id": "56db221be7c41114004b4ddf", "answers": [{"text": "13", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many finalists were eliminated during the first results show?", "id": "56db221be7c41114004b4de0", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant was saved with the first Judges' Save?", "id": "56db221be7c41114004b4de1", "answers": [{"text": "Matt Giraud", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There were 13 finalists this season, but two were eliminated in the first result show of the finals. A new feature introduced was the \"Judges' Save\", and Matt Giraud was saved from elimination at the top seven by the judges when he received the fewest votes. The next week, Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai were eliminated."}], ["Kedua-dua finalis itu ialah Kris Allen dan Adam Lambert, yang sebelum ini mendarat di tempat ketiga di tangga teratas. Allen memenangi pertandingan itu dalam keputusan mengundi yang paling kontroversi sejak dua musim. Ia dituntut, kemudian ditarik balik, bahawa 38 juta daripada 100 juta undi yang dilayangkan pada malam itu berasal dari negeri Arkansas sahaja, dan pekerja AT & T tidak adil memengaruhi undi dengan memberi pelajaran mengenai teks berkuasa di melihat pihak di Arkansas. <> Siapa dua peserta akhir pada musim lapan American Idol? || Kris Allen dan Adam Lambert <> Yang memenangi musim lapan American Idol? || Kris Allen <> Apakah negara pemenang American Idol Kris Allen dari? || Arkansas <> Berapa banyak undian yang dibuang dalam pertandingan American Idol pada musim lapan? || 100 juta <> Siapa menang musim ini? || Kris Allen <> Satu-satunya musim terdahulu yang mempunyai kontroversi yang sepadan dengan pemenangnya? || musim dua <> Berapa banyak undi yang dibuang untuk dua perlawanan terakhir? || 100 juta <> Siapa yang dituduh mengajar orang awam bagaimana untuk memberi teks kepada pemenang? || Pekerja AT & T", {"qas": [{"question": "Who were the final two contestants on season eight of American Idol?", "id": "56d37ac659d6e414001464d5", "answers": [{"text": "Kris Allen and Adam Lambert", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who won season eight of American Idol?", "id": "56d37ac659d6e414001464d6", "answers": [{"text": "Kris Allen", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What state is American Idol winner Kris Allen from?", "id": "56d37ac659d6e414001464d7", "answers": [{"text": "Arkansas", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many votes were cast in the American Idol finale in season eight?", "id": "56d37ac659d6e414001464d9", "answers": [{"text": "100 million", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who won the season?", "id": "56db229de7c41114004b4dea", "answers": [{"text": "Kris Allen", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The only prior season to have matching controversy over the winner was?", "id": "56db229de7c41114004b4deb", "answers": [{"text": "season two", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many votes were cast for the final two?", "id": "56db229de7c41114004b4dec", "answers": [{"text": "100 million", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was accused of teaching the public how to power text for the winner?", "id": "56db229de7c41114004b4ded", "answers": [{"text": "AT&T employees", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The two finalists were Kris Allen and Adam Lambert, both of whom had previously landed in the bottom three at the top five. Allen won the contest in the most controversial voting result since season two. It was claimed, later retracted, that 38 million of the 100 million votes cast on the night came from Allen's home state of Arkansas alone, and that AT&T employees unfairly influenced the votes by giving lessons on power-texting at viewing parties in Arkansas."}], ["Musim tujuh ditayangkan pada 15 Januari 2008, untuk perdana dua jam, empat jam. Media memberi tumpuan kepada status profesional tujuh musim peserta, yang dikenali sebagai 'dering', yang kebanyakannya termasuk Kristy Lee Cook, Brooke White, Michael Johns, dan khususnya Carly Smithson, mempunyai kontrak rakaman terdahulu. Contestant David Hernandez juga menarik perhatian kerana pekerjaan masa lalu sebagai penari telanjang. <> Apa tahun pertama musim tujuh American Idol udara pertama? || 2008 <> Musim yang mana tujuh peserta telah bekerja sebagai penari telanjang sebelum waktunya di American Idol? || David Hernandez <> Yang peserta bercakap tentang kebanyakan kerana mempunyai perjanjian rekod sebelum menjadi peserta American Idol? || Carly Smithson <> Bilakah musim tujuh perdana? || 15 Januari 2008 <> Mana peserta yang menarik perhatian kerana dia adalah penari telanjang? || David Hernandez <> Mengapa ramai peserta menarik perhatian media? || status profesional <> Yang peserta mendapat perhatian paling kerana kontrak rakaman terdahulu? || Carly Smithson", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did season seven of American Idol first air?", "id": "56d376c859d6e4140014648f", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which season seven contestant had worked as a stripper before his time on American Idol?", "id": "56d376c859d6e41400146491", "answers": [{"text": "David Hernandez", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant was talked about most for having a record deal before being a contestant on American Idol?", "id": "56d376c859d6e41400146492", "answers": [{"text": "Carly Smithson", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did season seven premiere?", "id": "56db1edbe7c41114004b4d91", "answers": [{"text": "January 15, 2008", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant drew attention because he was a former stripper?", "id": "56db1edbe7c41114004b4d93", "answers": [{"text": "David Hernandez", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did many of the contestants draw the attention of the media?", "id": "56db1edbe7c41114004b4d94", "answers": [{"text": "professional status", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant garnered the most attention because of a prior recording contract?", "id": "56db1edbe7c41114004b4d95", "answers": [{"text": "Carly Smithson", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Season seven premiered on January 15, 2008, for a two-day, four-hour premiere. The media focused on the professional status of the season seven contestants, the so-called 'ringers', many of whom, including Kristy Lee Cook, Brooke White, Michael Johns, and in particular Carly Smithson, had prior recording contracts. Contestant David Hernandez also attracted some attention due to his past employment as a stripper."}], ["Untuk peringkat akhir, American Idol memulakan kerangka dan panggung baru pada 11 Mac 2008, bersama-sama dengan wajah baru di udara. Persembahan David Cook dari \"Billie Jean\" pada malam sepuluh besar dipuji oleh para hakim, tetapi menimbulkan kontroversi apabila mereka menyangka bahawa pengaturan Chris Cornell menjadi David Cook sendiri walaupun persembahan diperkenalkan sebagai versi Cornell. Cornell sendiri berkata dia 'tersanjung' dan memuji prestasi David Cook. David Cook dibawa ke hospital selepas sembilan pertunjukan prestasi disebabkan jantung berdebar dan tekanan darah tinggi. <> Lagu apa yang David Singing menyanyi di American Idol pada minggu sepuluh teratas? || Billie Jean <> Yang mana peserta American Idol dimasukkan ke hospital selepas menyanyi selama minggu sembilan teratas? || David Cook <> Siapa yang mengatur versi \"Billie Jean\" yang dilakukan oleh David Cook pada American Idol? || Chris Cornell <> Pada tarikh apakah final American Idol bermula? || 11 Mac 2008 <> Bilakah American Idol mempamerkan set dan pentas baru? || 11 Mac 2008 <> Susunan mana yang digunakan untuk versi Cook dari Billie Jean? || Chris Cornell <> Siapa yang dibawa ke hospital selepas sembilan teratas menunjukkan? || David Cook", {"qas": [{"question": "What song did David Cook sing on American Idol during the week of the top ten?", "id": "56d3772859d6e41400146497", "answers": [{"text": "Billie Jean", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which American Idol contestant was hospitalized after singing during the week of the top nine?", "id": "56d3772859d6e41400146498", "answers": [{"text": "David Cook", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who arranged the version of \"Billie Jean\" that David Cook performed on American Idol?", "id": "56d3772859d6e41400146499", "answers": [{"text": "Chris Cornell", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did the American Idol finals begin?", "id": "56d3772859d6e4140014649a", "answers": [{"text": "March 11, 2008", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did American Idol showcase a new set and stage?", "id": "56db1f69e7c41114004b4da3", "answers": [{"text": "March 11, 2008", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which arrangement was used for Cook's version of Billie Jean?", "id": "56db1f69e7c41114004b4da5", "answers": [{"text": "Chris Cornell", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was taken to the hospital after the top nine show?", "id": "56db1f69e7c41114004b4da6", "answers": [{"text": "David Cook", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "For the finals, American Idol debuted a new state-of-the-art set and stage on March 11, 2008, along with a new on-air look. David Cook's performance of \"Billie Jean\" on top-ten night was lauded by the judges, but provoked controversy when they apparently mistook the Chris Cornell arrangement to be David Cook's own even though the performance was introduced as Cornell's version. Cornell himself said he was 'flattered' and praised David Cook's performance. David Cook was taken to the hospital after the top-nine performance show due to heart palpitations and high blood pressure."}], ["Dalam perubahan besar yang pertama kepada panel penghakiman, hakim keempat, Kara DioGuardi, diperkenalkan. Ini juga musim pertama tanpa pengeluar eksekutif Nigel Lythgoe yang meninggalkan tumpuan pada versi antarabangsa pertunjukannya Jadi Anda Fikir Anda Boleh Tarian. Pusingan Hollywood telah dipindahkan ke Kodak Theatre untuk tahun 2009 dan juga diperluaskan kepada dua minggu. Idol Give Back dibatalkan untuk musim ini kerana kemelesetan global pada masa itu. <> Siapa yang dibawa sebagai hakim baru semasa musim kelapan Amerika Idols? || Kara DioGuardi <> Berapa lamakah hawa pusingan Hollywood untuk musim lapan American Idol? || dua minggu <> Apa rancangan Nigel Lythgoe meninggalkan American Idol untuk menghasilkan? || Jadi Anda Pikirkan Anda Boleh Dance <> Apa venue yang menjadi tuan rumah pusingan Hollywood di American Idol untuk pertama kalinya pada tahun 2009? || Kodak Theatre <> Mengapa American Idol memilih untuk tidak mempunyai Idol yang Memberi Kembali khas pada tahun 2009? || kemelesetan global <> Berapa banyak hakim berada di panel untuk musim ini? || empat <> hakim mana yang menyertai panel? || Kara DioGuardi <> Nigel Lythgoe keluar dari pertunjukan untuk menumpukan pada apa yang menunjukkan lain? || Jadi Anda Pikirkan Anda Boleh Menari <> Di mana pusingan Hollywood dipindahkan ke? || Teater Kodak <> Apa yang dibatalkan untuk tahun ini Idol? || Idol Memberi Kembali", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was brought in as a new judge during American Idols eighth season?", "id": "56d3793a59d6e414001464c1", "answers": [{"text": "Kara DioGuardi", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did the Hollywood round air for in season eight of American Idol?", "id": "56d3793a59d6e414001464c2", "answers": [{"text": "two weeks", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What show did Nigel Lythgoe leave American Idol to produce?", "id": "56d3793a59d6e414001464c3", "answers": [{"text": "So You Think You Can Dance", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What venue hosted the Hollywood round on American Idol for the first time in 2009?", "id": "56d3793a59d6e414001464c4", "answers": [{"text": "the Kodak Theatre", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did American Idol choose not to have its Idol Gives Back special in 2009?", "id": "56d3793a59d6e414001464c5", "answers": [{"text": "the global recession", "answer_start": 404}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many judges were on the panel for this season?", "id": "56db2190e7c41114004b4dd5", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which judge joined the panel?", "id": "56db2190e7c41114004b4dd6", "answers": [{"text": "Kara DioGuardi", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Nigel Lythgoe quit the show to focus on what other show?", "id": "56db2190e7c41114004b4dd7", "answers": [{"text": "So You Think You Can Dance", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Hollywood round moved to?", "id": "56db2190e7c41114004b4dd8", "answers": [{"text": "Kodak Theatre", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was canceled for this year of Idol?", "id": "56db2190e7c41114004b4dd9", "answers": [{"text": "Idol Gives Back", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the first major change to the judging panel, a fourth judge, Kara DioGuardi, was introduced. This was also the first season without executive producer Nigel Lythgoe who left to focus on the international versions of his show So You Think You Can Dance. The Hollywood round was moved to the Kodak Theatre for 2009 and was also extended to two weeks. Idol Gives Back was canceled for this season due to the global recession at the time."}], ["Prestasi David Archuleta dari \"Imagine\" John Lennon dianggap oleh ramai sebagai salah satu yang terbaik musim ini. Jennifer Lopez, yang dibawa masuk sebagai hakim dalam sepuluh musim, menyebutnya lagu-lagu yang indah yang dia tidak akan lupa. Prestasi semi-final Jason Castro \"Hallelujah\" juga mendapat perhatian yang cukup, dan ia menggalakkan versi lagu Jeff Buckley ke bahagian atas carta lagu digital Billboard. Ini adalah musim pertama di mana rakaman para peserta telah dilancarkan ke iTunes selepas persembahan mereka, dan walaupun maklumat jualan tidak dilepaskan supaya tidak menjejaskan pertandingan, maklumat yang membocorkan menunjukkan bahawa lagu-lagu peserta sering muncul di bahagian atas carta jualan iTunes. <> Kontroversi mana yang menyanyikan \"Imagine\" pada musim tujuh American Idol? || David Archuleta <> Di mana musim American Idol lakukan Jennifer Lopez menjadi hakim? || lagu sepuluh <> Lagu apa Jason Castro menerima pujian untuk menyanyi semasa separuh akhir di American Idol? || Hallelujah <> yang mana rekod Hallelujah menjadi sukses lagi setelah dilakukan pada American Idol? || Jeff Buckley <> Pada platform digital apakah pertunjukan peraduan yang dikeluarkan selepas disiarkan di American Idol? || iTunes <> Yang mana perlindungan David Archuletta dianggap sebagai yang terbaik musim ini oleh ramai? || John Lennon's \"Imagine\" <> Siapa kata penulisan Archuletta itu yang dia tidak akan lupa? || Jennifer Lopez <> Yang finalis menyanyikan \"Hallelujah\" semasa separuh akhir? || Prestasi Jason Castro <> Castro menghantar versi penyanyi ke bahagian atas carta Billboard? || Jeff Buckley <> Buat pertama kalinya, rakaman lagu peserta boleh dibeli di mana? || iTunes", {"qas": [{"question": "Which contestant sang \"Imagine\" on season seven of American Idol?", "id": "56d3776759d6e4140014649f", "answers": [{"text": "David Archuleta", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which season of American Idol did Jennifer Lopez become a judge?", "id": "56d3776759d6e414001464a0", "answers": [{"text": "season ten", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Jason Castro receive praise for singing during the semi-finals on American Idol?", "id": "56d3776759d6e414001464a1", "answers": [{"text": "Hallelujah", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose recording of Hallelujah became successful again after being performed on American Idol?", "id": "56d3776759d6e414001464a2", "answers": [{"text": "Jeff Buckley", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what digital platform were contestants performances released to after airing on American Idol?", "id": "56d3776759d6e414001464a3", "answers": [{"text": "iTunes", "answer_start": 507}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which David Archuletta cover was thought to be the best of the season by many?", "id": "56db2011e7c41114004b4dab", "answers": [{"text": "John Lennon's \"Imagine\"", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said it Archuletta's rendition is one that she will never forget?", "id": "56db2011e7c41114004b4dac", "answers": [{"text": "Jennifer Lopez", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which finalist sang \"Hallelujah\" during the semi-finals?", "id": "56db2011e7c41114004b4dad", "answers": [{"text": "Jason Castro", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Castro's performance sent which singer's version to the top of a Billboard chart?", "id": "56db2011e7c41114004b4dae", "answers": [{"text": "Jeff Buckley", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For the first time, recordings of the contestant's songs could be purchased where?", "id": "56db2011e7c41114004b4daf", "answers": [{"text": "iTunes", "answer_start": 507}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "David Archuleta's performance of John Lennon's \"Imagine\" was considered by many as one of the best of the season. Jennifer Lopez, who was brought in as a judge in season ten, called it a beautiful song-moment that she will never forget. Jason Castro's semi-final performance of \"Hallelujah\" also received considerable attention, and it propelled Jeff Buckley's version of the song to the top of the Billboard digital song chart. This was the first season in which contestants' recordings were released onto iTunes after their performances, and although sales information was not released so as not to prejudice the contest, leaked information indicated that contestants' songs frequently reached the top of iTunes sales charts."}], ["Pia Toscano, salah satu kegemaran yang diketengahkan untuk memajukan jauh di musim ini, tidak disangka-sangka dihapuskan pada 7 April 2011, di tempat sembilan. Penghapusannya menarik kritikan dari beberapa bekas peserta Idol, serta pelakon Tom Hanks. <> Apa peserta yang datang pada kesembilan pada musim sepuluh American Idol? || Pia Toscano <> Apa pelakon yang kecewa apabila Pia Toscano telah dihapuskan di American Idol? || Tom Hanks <> Yang kegemaran penggemar yang tidak disangka-sangka dihapuskan lebih awal daripada yang diharapkan? || Pia Toscano <> Pelakon mana yang mengkritik penghapusan Toscano? || Tom Hanks", {"qas": [{"question": "What contestant came in ninth on season ten of American Idol?", "id": "56d37db259d6e41400146523", "answers": [{"text": "Pia Toscano", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What actor was upset when Pia Toscano was eliminated on American Idol?", "id": "56d37db259d6e41400146524", "answers": [{"text": "Tom Hanks", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which fan favorite was unexpectedly eliminated earlier than expected?", "id": "56db295ae7c41114004b4e75", "answers": [{"text": "Pia Toscano", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which actor criticized Toscano's elimination?", "id": "56db295ae7c41114004b4e77", "answers": [{"text": "Tom Hanks", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Pia Toscano, one of the presumed favorites to advance far in the season, was unexpectedly eliminated on April 7, 2011, finishing in ninth place. Her elimination drew criticisms from some former Idol contestants, as well as actor Tom Hanks."}], ["Penghormatan khas kepada Simon Cowell telah dibentangkan pada akhir untuk musim terakhir dengan persembahan. Banyak tokoh dari masa lalu, termasuk Paula Abdul, membuat penampilan. <> Siapa yang mempunyai musim akhir dalam pertunjukan di musim sembilan? || Simon Cowell <> Mengapa Paula Abdul muncul pada musim sembilan final American Idol? || penghormatan kepada Simon Cowell <Siapa yang mempunyai penghormatan istimewa pada akhir? || Simon Cowell <> Yang bekas bintang Idol membuat penampilan untuk penghormatan Cowell? || Paula Abdul", {"qas": [{"question": "Who had their final season in the show in season nine?", "id": "56d37c1b59d6e414001464fd", "answers": [{"text": "Simon Cowell", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did Paula Abdul appear on the season nine finale of American Idol?", "id": "56d37c1b59d6e414001464fe", "answers": [{"text": "tribute to Simon Cowell", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who had a special tribute at the finale?", "id": "56db2703e7c41114004b4e2b", "answers": [{"text": "Simon Cowell", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which former Idol star made an appearance for Cowell's tribute?", "id": "56db2703e7c41114004b4e2d", "answers": [{"text": "Paula Abdul", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A special tribute to Simon Cowell was presented in the finale for his final season with the show. Many figures from the show's past, including Paula Abdul, made an appearance."}], ["Sepuluh musim adalah yang pertama untuk memasukkan audisi dalam talian di mana peserta boleh mengemukakan uji jemputan video 40 saat melalui Myspace. Karen Rodriguez adalah salah seorang penguji dan mencapai pusingan akhir. <> Apa musim pertama American Idol menampilkan audisi dalam talian? || Sepuluh musim <> Laman web apa yang menjadi tuan rumah untuk American Idols musim kesepuluh? || Myspace <> Bagaimana pengakuan Karen Rodriguez untuk sepuluh musim American Idol? || Myspace <> Ini adalah musim pertama untuk mengadakan apa jenis audisi? || online <> Di manakah peserta boleh mengemukakan undian video? || Ruang saya", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the first season of American Idol to feature online auditions?", "id": "56d37d0c59d6e41400146513", "answers": [{"text": "Season ten", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What website hosted auditions for American Idols tenth season?", "id": "56d37d0c59d6e41400146514", "answers": [{"text": "Myspace", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did Karen Rodriguez audition for American Idol season ten?", "id": "56d37d0c59d6e41400146515", "answers": [{"text": "Myspace", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "This is the first season to have what kind of auditions?", "id": "56db2880e7c41114004b4e59", "answers": [{"text": "online", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where could contestants submit a video audition?", "id": "56db2880e7c41114004b4e5a", "answers": [{"text": "Myspace", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Season ten is the first to include online auditions where contestants could submit a 40-second video audition via Myspace. Karen Rodriguez was one such auditioner and reached the final rounds."}], ["Dua peserta terakhir ialah Lee DeWyze dan Bowersox. DeWyze telah diisytiharkan sebagai pemenang semasa pusingan 26 Mei. Tiada lagu baru yang digunakan sebagai lagu penobatan tahun ini; Sebaliknya, dua finalis masing-masing mengeluarkan lagu penutup - DeWyze memilih \"Hari Cantik\" U2, dan Bowersox memilih \"Up to the Mountain\" dari Patty Griffin. Ini adalah musim pertama di mana kedua-dua finalis tidak mendapat jualan album yang signifikan. <> Siapa pemenang musim kesembilan American Idols? || Lee DeWyze <> Apa lagu U2 yang dikeluarkan oleh Lee DeWyze selepas memenangi American Idol? || Hari Cantik <> Bilakah akhir diadakan? || 26 Mei <> Apa lagu yang dimiliki DeWyze untuk keluaran pertamanya? || Hari Cantik <> Lagu mana yang Bowersox tutup untuk pelepasan pertamanya? || Hingga ke Gunung", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the winner of American Idols ninth season?", "id": "56d37c5a59d6e41400146502", "answers": [{"text": "Lee DeWyze", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What U2 song was released by Lee DeWyze after winning American Idol?", "id": "56d37c5a59d6e41400146504", "answers": [{"text": "Beautiful Day", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the finale held?", "id": "56db275ae7c41114004b4e3c", "answers": [{"text": "May 26", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did DeWyze cover for his first release?", "id": "56db275ae7c41114004b4e3e", "answers": [{"text": "Beautiful Day", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which song did Bowersox cover for her first release?", "id": "56db275ae7c41114004b4e3f", "answers": [{"text": "Up to the Mountain", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The final two contestants were Lee DeWyze and Bowersox. DeWyze was declared the winner during the May 26 finale. No new song was used as coronation song this year; instead, the two finalists each released a cover song \u2013 DeWyze chose U2's \"Beautiful Day\", and Bowersox chose Patty Griffin's \"Up to the Mountain\". This is the first season where neither finalist achieved significant album sales."}], ["Musim sembilan ditayangkan pada 12 Januari 2010. Pergolakan di panel penghakiman berterusan. Ellen DeGeneres bergabung sebagai hakim untuk menggantikan Paula Abdul pada permulaan Minggu Hollywood. <> Apa tahun pertama musim sembilan American Idol udara? || 2010 <> Siapa yang mengisi ruang hakim yang dikosongkan oleh Paula Abdul pada musim sembilan American Idol? || Ellen DeGeneres <> Pada masa apa musim 9 American Idol Ellen Degeneres menjadi hakim? || Hollywood Week <> Bilakah musim sembilan perdana? || 12 Januari 2010 <> Yang mana hakim asal kiri sebelum permulaan musim? || Paula Abdul <> Siapa yang menggantikan Abdul? || Ellen DeGeneres <> Bilakah Ellen menyertai panel hakim? || Minggu Hollywood", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did season nine of American Idol first air?", "id": "56d37b7659d6e414001464e5", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who filled the judges spot vacated by Paula Abdul on season nine of American Idol?", "id": "56d37b7659d6e414001464e6", "answers": [{"text": "Ellen DeGeneres", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what point during season 9 of American Idol did Ellen Degeneres become a judge?", "id": "56d37b7659d6e414001464e7", "answers": [{"text": "Hollywood Week", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did season nine premiere?", "id": "56db25f5e7c41114004b4e0f", "answers": [{"text": "January 12, 2010", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which original judge left prior to the start of the season?", "id": "56db25f5e7c41114004b4e10", "answers": [{"text": "Paula Abdul", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who replaced Abdul?", "id": "56db25f5e7c41114004b4e11", "answers": [{"text": "Ellen DeGeneres", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Ellen join the judges' panel?", "id": "56db25f5e7c41114004b4e12", "answers": [{"text": "Hollywood Week", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Season nine premiered on January 12, 2010. The upheaval at the judging panel continued. Ellen DeGeneres joined as a judge to replace Paula Abdul at the start of Hollywood Week."}], ["Michael Lynche adalah pengundi paling rendah di tangga sembilan dan diberi Hakim 'Simpan. Minggu depan Katie Stevens dan Andrew Garcia telah dihapuskan. Minggu itu, Adam Lambert telah dijemput kembali menjadi mentor, Idol tawanan pertama melakukannya. Idol Give Back kembali musim ini pada 21 April 2010, dan menaikkan $ 45 juta. <> Kontroversi mana yang telah diselamatkan oleh para hakim dalam sembilan musim American Idol? || Michael Lynche <> Pada tahap apakah hakim menggunakan jimat mereka pada musim Idol Amerika? || atas sembilan <> Siapa peserta pertama American Idol untuk kembali ke acara itu sebagai mentor? || Adam Lambert <> Berapa banyak wang yang dibawa oleh Idol Memberi Kembali khas pada sembilan musim American Idol? || $ 45 juta <> Siapa yang diselamatkan dengan Hakim 'Simpan? || Michael Lynche <> Bekas bekas mana seorang mentor musim ini? || Adam Lambert", {"qas": [{"question": "Which contestant was saved by the judges in season nine of American Idol?", "id": "56d37bf859d6e414001464f3", "answers": [{"text": "Michael Lynche", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what point did the judges use their save on American Idols ninth season?", "id": "56d37bf859d6e414001464f4", "answers": [{"text": "top nine", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first American Idol contestant to return to the show as a mentor?", "id": "56d37bf859d6e414001464f5", "answers": [{"text": "Adam Lambert", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money was brought in by the Idol Gives Back special on season nine of American Idol?", "id": "56d37bf859d6e414001464f6", "answers": [{"text": "$45 million", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was saved with the Judges' Save?", "id": "56db26c6e7c41114004b4e22", "answers": [{"text": "Michael Lynche", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which former contestant was a mentor this season?", "id": "56db26c6e7c41114004b4e24", "answers": [{"text": "Adam Lambert", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Michael Lynche was the lowest vote getter at top nine and was given the Judges' Save. The next week Katie Stevens and Andrew Garcia were eliminated. That week, Adam Lambert was invited back to be a mentor, the first Idol alum to do so. Idol Gives Back returned this season on April 21, 2010, and raised $45 million."}], ["Crystal Bowersox, yang mempunyai kencing manis Jenis-I, jatuh sakit akibat ketoacidosis diabetes pada pagi malam persembahan wanita untuk 20 minggu teratas dan dimasukkan ke hospital. Jadual itu disusun semula supaya anak lelaki melakukan lebih awal dan dia boleh melakukan malam berikut; dia kemudiannya mendedahkan bahawa Ken Warwick, penerbit acara itu, mahu membatalkannya tetapi dia memohon untuk dibenarkan untuk kekal di acara itu. <> Yang mana peserta harus pergi ke hospital pada minggu ke-20? || Crystal Bowersox <> Apa produser ingin mengeluarkan Crystal Bowersox dari pertandingan? || Ken Warwick <> Mengapa Crystal Bowersox di hospital pada minggu ke-20 di American Idol? || ketoacidosis kencing manis <> Yang peserta mempunyai diabetes jenis-I? || Crystal Bowersox <> Bilakah Kristal dimasukkan ke hospital? || atas 20 minggu <> Apa yang berubah jadi dia masih boleh layak? || Jadual <> Siapa yang Bowersox kemudian mendedahkan mahu dia dibatalkan? || Ken Warwick <> Apakah peranan Warwick ada di acara ini? || penerbit", {"qas": [{"question": "Which contestant had to go to the hospital during the week of the top 20?", "id": "56d37bac59d6e414001464eb", "answers": [{"text": "Crystal Bowersox", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What producer wanted to remove Crystal Bowersox from the competition?", "id": "56d37bac59d6e414001464ec", "answers": [{"text": "Ken Warwick", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why was Crystal Bowersox in the hospital during the week of the top 20 on American Idol?", "id": "56d37bac59d6e414001464ee", "answers": [{"text": "diabetic ketoacidosis", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant had Type-I diabetes?", "id": "56db2664e7c41114004b4e17", "answers": [{"text": "Crystal Bowersox", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Crystal hospitalized?", "id": "56db2664e7c41114004b4e18", "answers": [{"text": "top 20 week", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was changed so she could still qualify?", "id": "56db2664e7c41114004b4e19", "answers": [{"text": "The schedule", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Bowersox later reveal wanted her to be disqualified?", "id": "56db2664e7c41114004b4e1a", "answers": [{"text": "Ken Warwick", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What role does Warwick have on the show?", "id": "56db2664e7c41114004b4e1b", "answers": [{"text": "producer", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Crystal Bowersox, who has Type-I diabetes, fell ill due to diabetic ketoacidosis on the morning of the girls performance night for the top 20 week and was hospitalized. The schedule was rearranged so the boys performed first and she could perform the following night instead; she later revealed that Ken Warwick, the show producer, wanted to disqualify her but she begged to be allowed to stay on the show."}], ["Salah seorang peserta yang lebih terkenal tahun ini ialah Chris Medina, yang kisah menyayangi tunangnya yang merosakkan otaknya mendapat liputan meluas. Medina dipotong di pusingan ke-40. Casey Abrams, yang mengalami kolitis ulseratif, dimasukkan ke hospital dua kali dan terlepas pertunjukan hasil 13 teratas. Para hakim menggunakan yang mereka selamatkan pada Abrams di Top 11, dan sebagai hasilnya adalah musim pertama yang 11 finalis melakukan lawatan bukannya 10. Pada minggu berikutnya, Naima Adedapo dan Thia Megia kedua-duanya dihapuskan pada minggu berikutnya. <> Yang peserta mempunyai tunang yang telah mengalami kerosakan otak? || Chris Medina <> Di mana pusingan Chris Madina dihapuskan musim sepuluh American Idol? || Top 40 <> Yang mana sepuluh kontestan musim berada di hospital dan bukannya pada keputusan Top 13? || Casey Abrams <> Para peserta mana yang membuat juri menjimatkan pada musim sepuluh American Idol? || Casey Abrams <> Peserta mana yang memberi perhatian kepada tunang yang rosak otaknya? || Chris Medina <> Bilakah Madinah dihapuskan dari pertandingan? || Top 40 pusingan <> Yang peserta mengalami kolitis ulseratif? || Casey Abrams <> Yang menunjukkan Abrams terlepas kerana dia berada di hospital? || Pertunjukan hasil 13 teratas", {"qas": [{"question": "Which contestant had a fianc\u00e9 that had suffered brain damage?", "id": "56d37d7f59d6e41400146519", "answers": [{"text": "Chris Medina", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which round was Chris Medina eliminated n season ten of American Idol?", "id": "56d37d7f59d6e4140014651a", "answers": [{"text": "Top 40", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which season ten contestant was in the hospital instead of at the Top 13 results show?", "id": "56d37d7f59d6e4140014651b", "answers": [{"text": "Casey Abrams", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestants did the judges save on season ten of American Idol?", "id": "56d37d7f59d6e4140014651d", "answers": [{"text": "Casey Abrams", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant cared for his brain-damaged fiancee?", "id": "56db290be7c41114004b4e61", "answers": [{"text": "Chris Medina", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Medina eliminated from the competition?", "id": "56db290be7c41114004b4e62", "answers": [{"text": "Top 40 round", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant suffered from ulcerative colitis?", "id": "56db290be7c41114004b4e63", "answers": [{"text": "Casey Abrams", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which show did Abrams miss because he was in the hospital?", "id": "56db290be7c41114004b4e64", "answers": [{"text": "Top 13 result show", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One of the more prominent contestants this year was Chris Medina, whose story of caring for his brain-damaged fianc\u00e9e received widespread coverage. Medina was cut in the Top 40 round. Casey Abrams, who suffers from ulcerative colitis, was hospitalized twice and missed the Top 13 result show. The judges used their one save on Abrams on the Top 11, and as a result this was the first season that 11 finalists went on tour instead of 10. In the following week, Naima Adedapo and Thia Megia were both eliminated the following week."}], ["Kedua-dua finalis pada tahun 2011 ialah Lauren Alaina dan Scotty McCreery, penyanyi negara remaja. McCreery memenangi pertandingan pada 25 Mei, sebagai pemenang lelaki termuda dan lelaki keempat berturut-turut untuk memenangi American Idol. McCreery mengeluarkan single pertamanya, \"I Love You This Big\", sebagai lagu coronasinya, dan Alaina mengeluarkan \"Like My Mother Does\". Album pertama McCreery, Clear as Day, menjadi album debut pertama oleh pemenang Idol untuk mencapai No 1 di Billboard AS 200 sejak Ruben Studdard's Soulful pada tahun 2003, dan dia menjadi artis lelaki termuda untuk mencapai No 1 di Billboard 200 . <> Apa genre muzik yang dilakukan musim sepuluh peserta American Idol, Lauren Alaina menyanyi? || negara <> Siapa pemenang musim idola Amerika kesepuluh? || Scotty McCreery <> Apa lagu yang dipersembahkan Scotty McCreery pertama selepas memenangi American Idol? || I Love You This Big <> Lagu apa yang dilepaskan oleh Lauren Alaina selepas datang pada kedua American Idol? || Seperti Ibu Saya Adakah <> Apakah nama album yang berjaya yang dibebaskan Ruben Studdard pada tahun 2003? || Soulful <> Kapan terakhir musim Idol? || May 25 <> Album pertama Scotty mencapai tempat Billboard teratas, kali pertama untuk pemenang Idol sejak bila? || Ruben Studdard", {"qas": [{"question": "What genre of music did season ten American Idol contestant Lauren Alaina sing?", "id": "56d37de759d6e41400146527", "answers": [{"text": "country", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the winner of American Idols tenth season?", "id": "56d37de759d6e41400146528", "answers": [{"text": "Scotty McCreery", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Scotty McCreery first release after winning American Idol?", "id": "56d37de759d6e41400146529", "answers": [{"text": "I Love You This Big", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Lauren Alaina release after coming in second on American Idol?", "id": "56d37de759d6e4140014652a", "answers": [{"text": "Like My Mother Does", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the successful album that Ruben Studdard released in 2003?", "id": "56d37de759d6e4140014652b", "answers": [{"text": "Soulful", "answer_start": 491}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the season finale of Idol?", "id": "56db29dae7c41114004b4e7d", "answers": [{"text": "May 25", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Scotty's first album reached the top Billboard spot, the first time for an Idol winner since when?", "id": "56db29dae7c41114004b4e7f", "answers": [{"text": "Ruben Studdard", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The two finalists in 2011 were Lauren Alaina and Scotty McCreery, both teenage country singers. McCreery won the competition on May 25, being the youngest male winner and the fourth male in a row to win American Idol. McCreery released his first single, \"I Love You This Big\", as his coronation song, and Alaina released \"Like My Mother Does\". McCreery's debut album, Clear as Day, became the first debut album by an Idol winner to reach No. 1 on the US Billboard 200 since Ruben Studdard's Soulful in 2003, and he became the youngest male artist to reach No. 1 on the Billboard 200."}], ["Musim sepuluh siri ini ditayangkan pada 19 Januari 2011. Banyak perubahan telah diperkenalkan musim ini, dari format kepada kakitangan persembahan. Jennifer Lopez dan Steven Tyler menyertai Randy Jackson sebagai hakim berikutan pemberhentian Simon Cowell (yang meninggalkan untuk melancarkan versi X Factor AS), Kara DioGuardi (kontraknya tidak diperbaharui) dan Ellen DeGeneres, manakala Nigel Lythgoe kembali sebagai produser eksekutif . Jimmy Iovine, pengerusi kumpulan label Interscope Geffen A & M, rakan kongsi baru American Idol, bertindak sebagai mentor dalaman sebagai pengganti mentor tamu mingguan, walaupun dalam episod-episod mentor tetamu khas seperti Beyonc\u00e9, will.i.am dan Lady Gaga dibawa masuk. <> Apa tahun pertama musim sepuluh American Idol udara pertama? || 2011 <> Di mana musim American Idol lakukan Steven Tyler dan Jennifer Lopez menjadi hakim? || sepuluh <> Siapa yang menggantikan mentor mingguan sebagai mentor yang lebih kekal di Amerika Idol musim kesepuluh? || Jimmy Iovine <> Apa yang ditunjukkan oleh Simon Cowell selepas meninggalkan American Idol? || The X Factor <> Siapa pengeluar eksekutif American Idols musim kesepuluh? || Nigel Lythgoe <> Bilakah musim sepuluh perdana? || 19 Januari 2011 <> Siapa yang kembali sebagai pengeluar eksekutif musim ini? || Nigel Lythgoe <> Yang mana dua hakim baru menyertai Randy Jackson di panel hakim? || Jennifer Lopez dan Steven Tyler <> Siapa mentor di rumah musim ini? || Jimmy Iovine", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did season ten of American Idol first air?", "id": "56d37ccd59d6e41400146509", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which season of American Idol did Steven Tyler and Jennifer Lopez become judges?", "id": "56d37ccd59d6e4140014650a", "answers": [{"text": "ten", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who replace weekly mentors as a more permanent mentor on American Idols tenth season? ", "id": "56d37ccd59d6e4140014650b", "answers": [{"text": "Jimmy Iovine", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What show did Simon Cowell join after leaving American Idol?", "id": "56d37ccd59d6e4140014650c", "answers": [{"text": "The X Factor", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the executive producer of American Idols tenth season?", "id": "56d37ccd59d6e4140014650d", "answers": [{"text": "Nigel Lythgoe", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did season ten premiere?", "id": "56db27dfe7c41114004b4e45", "answers": [{"text": "January 19, 2011", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who returned as executive producer this season?", "id": "56db27dfe7c41114004b4e46", "answers": [{"text": "Nigel Lythgoe", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two new judges joined Randy Jackson on the judges' panel?", "id": "56db27dfe7c41114004b4e48", "answers": [{"text": "Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the in-house mentor this season?", "id": "56db27dfe7c41114004b4e49", "answers": [{"text": "Jimmy Iovine", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Season ten of the series premiered on January 19, 2011. Many changes were introduced this season, from the format to the personnel of the show. Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler joined Randy Jackson as judges following the departures of Simon Cowell (who left to launch the U.S. version of The X Factor), Kara DioGuardi (whose contract was not renewed) and Ellen DeGeneres, while Nigel Lythgoe returned as executive producer. Jimmy Iovine, chairman of the Interscope Geffen A&M label group, the new partner of American Idol, acted as the in-house mentor in place of weekly guest mentors, although in later episodes special guest mentors such as Beyonc\u00e9, will.i.am and Lady Gaga were brought in."}], ["Phillips menjadi pemenang, menewaskan Sanchez. Sebelum pengumuman pemenang, lima pemenang finalis, Ace Young mencadangkan perkahwinan untuk musim ketiga pelari Diana DeGarmo di atas panggung - yang diterima. <> Apa bekas peserta yang membuat Ace Young meminta untuk berkahwin dengannya? || Diana DeGarmo <> Pada musim apakah Ace Young seorang finalis pada American Idol? || lima <> Pada musim apa yang Diana DeGarmo datang di tempat kedua di American Idol? || tiga <> musim manakah di Ace Young? || musim lima <> Musim mana yang Diana DeGarmo? || musim ketiga", {"qas": [{"question": "What former contestant did Ace Young ask to marry him?", "id": "56d37eef59d6e4140014654b", "answers": [{"text": "Diana DeGarmo", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what season was Ace Young a finalist on American Idol?", "id": "56d37eef59d6e4140014654c", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In What season did Diana DeGarmo come in second on American Idol?", "id": "56d37eef59d6e4140014654d", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which season was Ace Young on?", "id": "56db2c98e7c41114004b4eb3", "answers": [{"text": "season five", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which season was Diana DeGarmo on?", "id": "56db2c98e7c41114004b4eb4", "answers": [{"text": "season three", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Phillips became the winner, beating Sanchez. Prior to the announcement of the winner, season five finalist Ace Young proposed marriage to season three runner-up Diana DeGarmo on stage \u2013 which she accepted."}], ["Menjelang akhir musim ini, Randy Jackson, yang terakhir hakim asal, mengumumkan bahawa dia tidak akan lagi bertindak sebagai hakim untuk meneruskan usaha perniagaan lain. Kedua-dua hakim Mariah Carey dan Nicki Minaj juga memutuskan untuk meninggalkan selepas satu musim untuk memberi tumpuan kepada kerjaya muzik mereka. <> Yang hakim yang lama memutuskan untuk meninggalkan jawatannya pada akhir musim? || Randy Jackson <> Berapa banyak musim Mariah Carey hakim pada American Idol? || satu <> Siapa yang mengumumkan ini akan menjadi tahun terakhirnya sebagai hakim? || Randy Jackson <> Siapa lagi hakim lain yang meninggalkan musim ini? || Mariah Carey dan Nicki Minaj", {"qas": [{"question": "Which long time judge decided to leave his position at the end of the season?", "id": "56d3805859d6e41400146581", "answers": [{"text": "Randy Jackson", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many seasons was Mariah Carey a judge on American Idol?", "id": "56d3805859d6e41400146582", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who announced this would be his final year as a judge?", "id": "56db2e2de7c41114004b4eeb", "answers": [{"text": "Randy Jackson", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were the other judges to leave after this season?", "id": "56db2e2de7c41114004b4eec", "answers": [{"text": "Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Towards the end of the season, Randy Jackson, the last remaining of the original judges, announced that he would no longer serve as a judge to pursue other business ventures. Both judges Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj also decided to leave after one season to focus on their music careers."}], ["Phillips mengeluarkan \"Home\" sebagai lagu coronasinya, manakala Sanchez mengeluarkan \"Change Nothing\". \"Rumah\" Phillips telah menjadi jualan terbaik semua lagu-lagu coronation. <> Apakah lagu pertama yang dibebaskan oleh Phillip Phliips selepas memenangi American Idol? || Rumah <> Apakah nama lagu yang disiarkan oleh Jessica Sanchez selepas American Idol? || Tukar Tiada <> Apakah lagu coronasi Phillip? || Home <> Lagu apa yang dibebaskan Sanchez? || Tukar Tiada <> Lagu yang mana adalah lagu coronasi jualan terbaik dari semua musim Idol? || Rumah", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the first song that Phillip Phliips released after winning American Idol?", "id": "56d37f1a59d6e41400146553", "answers": [{"text": "Home", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the song that Jessica Sanchez released first after American Idol?", "id": "56d37f1a59d6e41400146554", "answers": [{"text": "Change Nothing", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Phillip's coronation song?", "id": "56db2cc2e7c41114004b4eb9", "answers": [{"text": "Home", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Sanchez release?", "id": "56db2cc2e7c41114004b4eba", "answers": [{"text": "Change Nothing", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which song is the best selling coronation song of all Idol seasons?", "id": "56db2cc2e7c41114004b4ebb", "answers": [{"text": "Home", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Phillips released \"Home\" as his coronation song, while Sanchez released \"Change Nothing\". Phillips' \"Home\" has since become the best selling of all coronation songs."}], ["Musim 12 ditayangkan pada 16 Januari 2013. Hakim Jennifer Lopez dan Steven Tyler meninggalkan acara itu selepas dua musim. Panel hakim musim ini terdiri daripada Randy Jackson, bersama Mariah Carey, Keith Urban dan Nicki Minaj. Ini adalah musim pertama sejak musim sembilan untuk mempunyai empat hakim di panel. Buzz sebelum musim dan episod pertunjukan awal dikuasai oleh perselisihan antara hakim Minaj dan Carey selepas video pertikaian mereka dibocorkan kepada TMZ. <> Tahun apakah musim udara 12 American Idol pertama? || 2013 <> Apakah kedudukan Mariah Careys pada musim 12 American Idol? || Hakim <> Laman web apa yang menunjukkan video mengenai perbalahan antara Mariah Carey dan Nicki Minaj? || TMZ <> Bilakah musim 12 perdana? || 16 Januari 2013 <> Berapa ramai hakim yang ada pada musim ini? || empat", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did season 12 of American Idol first air?", "id": "56d37f7059d6e41400146559", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Mariah Careys position on season 12 of American Idol?", "id": "56d37f7059d6e4140014655b", "answers": [{"text": "Judges", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What website showed video of an altercation between Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj?", "id": "56d37f7059d6e4140014655c", "answers": [{"text": "TMZ", "answer_start": 463}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did season 12 premiere?", "id": "56db2d28e7c41114004b4ec7", "answers": [{"text": "January 16, 2013", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many judges did this season have?", "id": "56db2d28e7c41114004b4ec9", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Season 12 premiered on January 16, 2013. Judges Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler left the show after two seasons. This season's judging panel consisted of Randy Jackson, along with Mariah Carey, Keith Urban and Nicki Minaj. This was the first season since season nine to have four judges on the panel. The pre-season buzz and the early episodes of the show were dominated by the feud between the judges Minaj and Carey after a video of their dispute was leaked to TMZ."}], ["Finalis Phillip Phillips mengalami kesakitan buah pinggang dan dibawa ke hospital sebelum menunjukkan keputusan Top 13, dan kemudian menerima prosedur perubatan untuk mengurangkan penyumbatan yang disebabkan oleh batu ginjal. Dia dilaporkan mempunyai lapan pembedahan semasa menjalankan Idolnya, dan telah dianggap berhenti merokok kerana kesakitan. Dia menjalani pembedahan untuk membuang batu dan membina semula buah pinggangnya tidak lama selepas musim selesai. <> Yang mana 11 peserta musim terpaksa pergi ke hospital sebelum Keputusan Top 13? || Phillip Phillips <> Mengapa Phillip Phillips dimasukkan ke hospital pada masa beliau di American Idol? || Batu ginjal <> Berapa kali Phillip Phillips menjalani pembedahan ketika dia berada di American Idol? || lapan <> peserta mana yang berfikir tentang meninggalkan peraduan kerana kesakitan di buah pinggangnya? || Phillip Phillips <> Yang mana peserta mempunyai lapan pembedahan semasa dia menjalankan Idol? || Phillip Phillips <> Apa jenis kesakitan yang dilakukan Phillips? || kesakitan buah pinggang", {"qas": [{"question": "Which season 11 contestant had to go to the hospital before the Top 13 Results?", "id": "56d37e5059d6e41400146539", "answers": [{"text": "Phillip Phillips", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why was Phillip Phillips hospitalized during his time on American Idol?", "id": "56d37e5059d6e4140014653a", "answers": [{"text": "kidney stones", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times did Phillip Phillips have surgery when he was on American Idol?", "id": "56d37e5059d6e4140014653b", "answers": [{"text": "eight", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant thought about leaving the contest because of pain in his kidney?", "id": "56d37e5059d6e4140014653c", "answers": [{"text": "Phillip Phillips", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant had eight surgeries during his Idol run?", "id": "56db2be3e7c41114004b4e97", "answers": [{"text": "Phillip Phillips", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of pain did Phillips endure?", "id": "56db2be3e7c41114004b4e98", "answers": [{"text": "kidney pain", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Finalist Phillip Phillips suffered from kidney pain and was taken to the hospital before the Top 13 results show, and later received medical procedure to alleviate a blockage caused by kidney stones. He was reported to have eight surgeries during his Idol run, and had considered quitting the show due to the pain. He underwent surgery to remove the stones and reconstruct his kidney soon after the season had finished."}], ["Musim 11 ditayangkan pada 18 Januari 2012. Pada 23 Februari, diumumkan bahawa satu lagi finalis akan menyertai Top 24 menjadikan Top 25, dan itu adalah Jermaine Jones. Walau bagaimanapun, pada 14 Mac, Jones telah hilang kelayakan di tempat ke-12 untuk menyembunyikan penangkapan dan waran tertunggak. Jones menafikan tuduhan bahawa dia menyembunyikan tangkapannya. <> Pada tahun apakah American Idol pertama kali menyiarkan musim kesebelas? || 2012 <> Berapa ramai peserta membuat final pada musim 11 American Idol? || 25 <> Peserta apa yang telah dikeluarkan dari pertandingan untuk menyembunyikan masalah undang-undang? || Jermaine Jones <> Bilakah musim 11 perdana? || 18 Januari 2012 <> Siapa yang menyertai finalis, menjadikannya Top 25? || Jermaine Jones <> Bilakah Jones dikeluarkan dari persembahan? || 14 Mac <> Mengapa Jones dibatalkan? || menyembunyikan penangkapan dan waran tertunggak", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did American Idol first air its eleventh season?", "id": "56d37e1f59d6e41400146531", "answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many contestants made it to the finals on season 11 of American Idol?", "id": "56d37e1f59d6e41400146532", "answers": [{"text": "25", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What contestant was removed from the competition for concealing legal troubles?", "id": "56d37e1f59d6e41400146533", "answers": [{"text": "Jermaine Jones", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did season 11 premiere?", "id": "56db2a39e7c41114004b4e85", "answers": [{"text": "January 18, 2012", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who joined the finalists, making it a Top 25?", "id": "56db2a39e7c41114004b4e86", "answers": [{"text": "Jermaine Jones", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Jones removed from the show?", "id": "56db2a39e7c41114004b4e87", "answers": [{"text": "March 14", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why was Jones disqualified?", "id": "56db2a39e7c41114004b4e88", "answers": [{"text": "concealing arrests and outstanding warrants", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Season 11 premiered on January 18, 2012. On February 23, it was announced that one more finalist would join the Top 24 making it the Top 25, and that was Jermaine Jones. However, on March 14, Jones was disqualified in 12th place for concealing arrests and outstanding warrants. Jones denied the accusation that he concealed his arrests."}], ["10 orang peserta teratas bermula dengan lima lelaki dan lima wanita, bagaimanapun, lelaki itu dihapuskan secara berturut-turut dalam lima minggu pertama, dengan Lazaro Arbos lelaki terakhir yang akan dihapuskan. Buat pertama kalinya dalam sejarah persembahan, peserta 5 teratas adalah wanita. Ia juga kali pertama bahawa \"jimat\" tidak digunakan, empat peserta teratas itu diberi satu minggu tambahan untuk melaksanakan semula dengan undian mereka dibawa tanpa penghapusan pada minggu pertama. <> Berapa ramai gadis dalam 10 besar pada musim 12 American Idol? || lima <> Siapa yang terakhir dihantar pulang pada musim 12 American Idol? || Lazaro Arbos <> Berapa ramai peserta yang mempunyai musim ini? || 10 <> Berapa minggu berturut-turut adalah peserta lelaki dihapuskan? || lima <> Siapakah lelaki terakhir yang akan dihapuskan? || Lazaro Arbos <> Berapa banyak peserta dapat tampil selama dua minggu tanpa sebarang penghapusan? || empat", {"qas": [{"question": "How many girls were in the top 10 on season 12 of American Idol?", "id": "56d37fda59d6e41400146563", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the last guy to be sent home on season 12 of American Idol?", "id": "56d37fda59d6e41400146564", "answers": [{"text": "Lazaro Arbos", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many contestants did this season have?", "id": "56db2da5e7c41114004b4ed1", "answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many weeks in a row were male contestants eliminated?", "id": "56db2da5e7c41114004b4ed2", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who as the last man to be eliminated?", "id": "56db2da5e7c41114004b4ed3", "answers": [{"text": "Lazaro Arbos", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many contestants were able to perform for two weeks without any eliminations?", "id": "56db2da5e7c41114004b4ed5", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The top 10 contestants started with five males and five females, however, the males were eliminated consecutively in the first five weeks, with Lazaro Arbos the last male to be eliminated. For the first time in the show's history, the top 5 contestants were all female. It was also the first time that the judges' \"save\" was not used, the top four contestants were therefore given an extra week to perform again with their votes carried over with no elimination in the first week."}], ["Jessica Sanchez menerima undi paling sedikit dalam tempoh 7 minggu terakhir, dan hakim memutuskan untuk menggunakan pilihan \"save\" mereka, menjadikannya penerima pertolongan wanita pertama. Minggu berikutnya, tidak seperti musim sebelumnya, Colton Dixon adalah satu-satunya peserta yang dihantar pulang. Sanchez kemudian membuat dua perlawanan terakhir, musim pertama di mana penerima simpanan mencapai tahap akhir. <> Kontroversi mana yang telah diselamatkan oleh hakim pada musim 11 American Idol? || Jessica Sanchez <> Siapa wanita pertama yang diselamatkan oleh hakim-hakim di American Idol? || Jessica Sanchez <> Siapa yang telah dihapuskan minggu selepas hakim menyelamatkan Jessica Sanchez di American Idol? || Colton Dixon <> Seberapa jauh Jessica Sanchez membuatnya di American Idol? || dua terakhir <> Bilakah hakim menggunakan mereka menjimatkan musim ini? || Top 7 <> Siapa penerima Jimah? || Jessica Sanchez <> Mana peserta yang dihantar ke rumah pada minggu berikutnya? || Colton Dixon", {"qas": [{"question": "Which contestant was saved by the judges on season 11 of American Idol?", "id": "56d37eb059d6e41400146541", "answers": [{"text": "Jessica Sanchez", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first female to be saved by the judges on American Idol?", "id": "56d37eb059d6e41400146542", "answers": [{"text": "Jessica Sanchez", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was eliminated the week after judges saved Jessica Sanchez on American Idol?", "id": "56d37eb059d6e41400146543", "answers": [{"text": "Colton Dixon", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How far did Jessica Sanchez make it on American Idol?", "id": "56d37eb059d6e41400146544", "answers": [{"text": "final two", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the judges use their save this season?", "id": "56db2c52e7c41114004b4e9d", "answers": [{"text": "Top 7", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the recipient of the Judges' Save?", "id": "56db2c52e7c41114004b4e9e", "answers": [{"text": "Jessica Sanchez", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant was sent home the following week?", "id": "56db2c52e7c41114004b4ea0", "answers": [{"text": "Colton Dixon", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Jessica Sanchez received the fewest number of votes during the Top 7 week, and the judges decided to use their \"save\" option on her, making her the first female recipient of the save. The following week, unlike previous seasons, Colton Dixon was the only contestant sent home. Sanchez later made the final two, the first season where a recipient of the save reached the finale."}], ["Candice Glover yang berusia 23 tahun memenangi musim dengan Kree Harrison mengambil tempat pelari. Glover adalah wanita pertama yang memenangi American Idol sejak Jordin Sparks. Glover mengeluarkan \"I Am Beautiful\" sebagai single manakala Harrison melancarkan \"All Cried Out\" sejurus selepas persembahan. Glover dijual kurang dengan album debutnya, dan ini juga musim pertama yang pelari tidak ditandatangani oleh label muzik. <> Siapa pemenang musim idola Amerika? || Candice Glover <> Peraduan mana yang kedua di musim 12 di American Idol? || Kree Harrison <> Apakah lagu pertama yang dikeluarkan oleh Candice Glover selepas memenangi American Idol? || I Am Beautiful <> Apa lagu pertama Kree Harrison dilepaskan setelah berada di American Idol? || Semua Cried Out <> Siapa pelari? || Kree Harrison <> Apakah single pertama Glover? || I Am Beautiful <> Apakah single pertama Harrison? || Semua Cried Out <> Ini adalah musim pertama apabila apa yang tidak berlaku kepada pelari pertama? || tidak ditandatangani oleh label muzik", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the winner of American Idols twelfth season?", "id": "56d3802e59d6e41400146577", "answers": [{"text": "Candice Glover", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant came in second on season 12 of American Idol?", "id": "56d3802e59d6e41400146578", "answers": [{"text": "Kree Harrison", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first song released by Candice Glover after winning American Idol?", "id": "56d3802e59d6e41400146579", "answers": [{"text": "I Am Beautiful", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Kree Harrison first release after being on American Idol?", "id": "56d3802e59d6e4140014657b", "answers": [{"text": "All Cried Out", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the runner up?", "id": "56db2df9e7c41114004b4edc", "answers": [{"text": "Kree Harrison", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Glover's first single?", "id": "56db2df9e7c41114004b4edd", "answers": [{"text": "I Am Beautiful", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Harrison's first single?", "id": "56db2df9e7c41114004b4ede", "answers": [{"text": "All Cried Out", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "This is the first season when what did not happen to the first runner up?", "id": "56db2df9e7c41114004b4edf", "answers": [{"text": "not signed by a music label", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "23-year-old Candice Glover won the season with Kree Harrison taking the runner-up spot. Glover is the first female to win American Idol since Jordin Sparks. Glover released \"I Am Beautiful\" as a single while Harrison released \"All Cried Out\" immediately after the show. Glover sold poorly with her debut album, and this is also the first season that the runner-up was not signed by a music label."}], ["Musim ketiga belas ditayangkan pada 15 Januari 2014, dengan Ryan Seacrest kembali sebagai tuan rumah. Randy Jackson dan Keith Urban kembali, walaupun Jackson berpindah dari panel penghakiman kepada peranan mentor. Mariah Carey dan Nicki Minaj meninggalkan panel selepas satu musim. Bekas hakim Jennifer Lopez dan bekas mentor Harry Connick, Jr menyertai Urban di panel. Juga, Nigel Lythgoe dan Ken Warwick digantikan sebagai pengeluar eksekutif oleh Per Blankens, Jesse Ignjatovic dan Evan Pragger. Bill DeRonde menggantikan Warwick sebagai pengarah episod uji bakat, sementara Louis J. Horvitz menggantikan Gregg Gelfand sebagai pengarah pertunjukan. <> Apa tahun pertama musim 13 dari American Idol udara pertama? || 2014 <> Siapa tuan rumah idola Amerika dalam musim ketiga belas? || Ryan Seacrest <> Apa peranan baru yang dilakukan Randy Jackson semasa musim Idola Amerika ketiga belas? || in-mentor <> Siapa yang mengarahkan musim ketiga belas American Idol? || Gregg Gelfand <> Bilakah musim 13 perdana? || 15 Januari 2014 <> Siapa mentor musim ini? || Randy Jackson <> Yang bekas hakim kembali kepada panel hakim musim ini? || Jennifer Lopez <> Yang bekas mentor menyertai panel hakim musim ini? || Harry Connick, Jr. <Per Blankens, Jesse Ignjatovic, dan Evan Pragger menggantikan mana dua eksekutif? || Nigel Lythgoe dan Ken Warwick", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did season 13 of American Idol first air?", "id": "56d380a459d6e41400146587", "answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the host of American idol in its thirteenth season?", "id": "56d380a459d6e41400146588", "answers": [{"text": "Ryan Seacrest", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What new role did Randy Jackson assume during American Idols thirteenth season?", "id": "56d380a459d6e41400146589", "answers": [{"text": "in-mentor", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who directed the thirteenth season of American Idol?", "id": "56d380a459d6e4140014658b", "answers": [{"text": "Gregg Gelfand", "answer_start": 582}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did season 13 premiere?", "id": "56db2eaae7c41114004b4eef", "answers": [{"text": "January 15, 2014", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the mentor this season?", "id": "56db2eaae7c41114004b4ef0", "answers": [{"text": "Randy Jackson", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which former judge came back to the judges' panel this season?", "id": "56db2eaae7c41114004b4ef1", "answers": [{"text": "Jennifer Lopez", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which former mentor joined the judges' panel this season?", "id": "56db2eaae7c41114004b4ef2", "answers": [{"text": "Harry Connick, Jr.", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Per Blankens, Jesse Ignjatovic, and Evan Pragger replaced which two executives?", "id": "56db2eaae7c41114004b4ef3", "answers": [{"text": "Nigel Lythgoe and Ken Warwick", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The thirteenth season premiered on January 15, 2014, with Ryan Seacrest returning as host. Randy Jackson and Keith Urban returned, though Jackson moved from the judging panel to the role of in-mentor. Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj left the panel after one season. Former judge Jennifer Lopez and former mentor Harry Connick, Jr. joined Urban on the panel. Also, Nigel Lythgoe and Ken Warwick were replaced as executive producers by Per Blankens, Jesse Ignjatovic and Evan Pragger. Bill DeRonde replaced Warwick as a director of the audition episodes, while Louis J. Horvitz replaced Gregg Gelfand as a director of the show."}], ["Caleb Johnson dinamakan pemenang musim ini, dengan Jena Irene sebagai pelari. Johnson melancarkan \"As Long as You Love Me\" sebagai penobatan tunggalnya manakala Irene mengeluarkan \"We Are One\". <> Siapa yang memenangi musim 13 dari American Idol? || Kaleb Johnson <> Siapa yang datang pada musim 13 di Idol Amerika? || Jena Irene <> Lagu apa yang dilepaskan oleh Caleb Johnson selepas memenangi American Idol? || As Long as You Love Me <> Apa lagu yang dibebaskan oleh Jena Irene selepas datang di second on American Idol? || Kami adalah Satu <> Siapa yang menjadi juara musim ini? || Jena Irene <> Apakah lagu coronation Johnson? || As Long as You Love Me <> Apa lagu coronasi Irene? || Kita adalah satu", {"qas": [{"question": "Who won season 13 of American Idol?", "id": "56d3823359d6e414001465ad", "answers": [{"text": "Caleb Johnson", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who came in second on season 13 of American Idol?", "id": "56d3823359d6e414001465ae", "answers": [{"text": "Jena Irene", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Caleb Johnson first release after winning American Idol? ", "id": "56d3823359d6e414001465af", "answers": [{"text": "As Long as You Love Me", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Jena Irene release after coming in second on American Idol? ", "id": "56d3823359d6e414001465b0", "answers": [{"text": "We Are One", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the runner up this season?", "id": "56db3123e7c41114004b4f14", "answers": [{"text": "Jena Irene", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Johnson's coronation song?", "id": "56db3123e7c41114004b4f15", "answers": [{"text": "As Long as You Love Me", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Irene's coronation song?", "id": "56db3123e7c41114004b4f16", "answers": [{"text": "We Are One", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Caleb Johnson was named the winner of the season, with Jena Irene as the runner-up. Johnson released \"As Long as You Love Me\" as his coronation single while Irene released \"We Are One\"."}], ["Fox mengumumkan pada 11 Mei 2015 bahawa musim kelima belas akan menjadi musim terakhir American Idol; Oleh itu, musim ini dijangka memberi tumpuan tambahan kepada alumni program. Ryan Seacrest kembali sebagai tuan rumah, dengan Harry Connick Jr., Keith Urban, dan Jennifer Lopez semua kembali untuk musim ketiga, keempat dan kelima masing-masing sebagai hakim. <> Tahun apa Fox mengumumkan pembatalan American Idol? || 2015 <> Berapa banyak musim American Idol yang ada? || 15 <> Berapa banyak musim Jennifer Lopez seorang hakim terhadap American Idol? || 5 <> Apakah Keith Urbans memainkan peranan dalam Idola Amerika musim kelima belas? || hakim <> Siapa yang menjadi tuan rumah American Idol pada musim lalu? || Ryan Seacrest <> Bilakah Fox mengumumkan bahawa Musim 15 akan menjadi musim akhir? || 11 Mei 2015 <> Siapa yang kembali sebagai tuan rumah? || Ryan Seacrest", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did Fox announce the cancellation of American Idol?", "id": "56d383b159d6e414001465e5", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many seasons of American Idol have there been?", "id": "56d383b159d6e414001465e6", "answers": [{"text": "15", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many seasons was Jennifer Lopez a judge on American Idol? ", "id": "56d383b159d6e414001465e7", "answers": [{"text": "5", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Keith Urbans role on American Idols fifteenth season?", "id": "56d383b159d6e414001465e8", "answers": [{"text": "judges", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who hosted American Idol in its last season?", "id": "56d383b159d6e414001465e9", "answers": [{"text": "Ryan Seacrest", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Fox announce that Season 15 would be the final season?", "id": "56db3d0ce7c41114004b4f82", "answers": [{"text": "May 11, 2015", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is returning as host?", "id": "56db3d0ce7c41114004b4f83", "answers": [{"text": "Ryan Seacrest", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Fox announced on May 11, 2015 that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol; as such, the season is expected to have an additional focus on the program's alumni. Ryan Seacrest returns as host, with Harry Connick Jr., Keith Urban, and Jennifer Lopez all returning for their respective third, fourth, and fifth seasons as judges."}], ["Musim keempat belas ditayangkan pada 7 Januari 2015. Ryan Seacrest kembali menjadi tuan rumah, manakala Jennifer Lopez, Keith Urban dan Harry Connick, Jr kembali untuk musim keempat, ketiga dan kedua masing-masing sebagai hakim. Pelari musim kelapan, Adam Lambert diisi untuk Urban semasa audisi New York City. Randy Jackson tidak kembali sebagai mentor dalaman untuk musim ini. <> Apa tahun pertama American Idol menyiarkan musim keempat belas? || 2015 <> Siapa tuan rumah American Idol dalam musim keempat belas? || Ryan Seacrest <> Bekas bekas mana yang menggantikan Keith Urban untuk uji bakat di New York City? || Adam Lambert <> Apakah kedudukan Keith Urbans pada American Idol dalam musim keempat belas? || hakim <> Siapa yang tidak kembali sebagai mentor pada musim 14? || Randy Jackson <> Bilakah musim 14 perdana? || 7 Januari 2015 <> Siapa yang mengambil tempat Urban di New York audisi? || Adam Lambert", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did American Idol first air its fourteenth season?", "id": "56d3827a59d6e414001465bf", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the host of American Idol in its fourteenth season? ", "id": "56d3827a59d6e414001465c0", "answers": [{"text": "Ryan Seacrest", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which former contestant replaced Keith Urban for auditions in New York City?", "id": "56d3827a59d6e414001465c1", "answers": [{"text": "Adam Lambert", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Keith Urbans position on American Idol in its fourteenth season? ", "id": "56d3827a59d6e414001465c2", "answers": [{"text": "judges", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did not come back as a mentor in season 14?", "id": "56d3827a59d6e414001465c3", "answers": [{"text": "Randy Jackson", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did season 14 premiere?", "id": "56db3174e7c41114004b4f1b", "answers": [{"text": "January 7, 2015", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who took Urban's spot at the New York auditions?", "id": "56db3174e7c41114004b4f1c", "answers": [{"text": "Adam Lambert", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The fourteenth season premiered on January 7, 2015. Ryan Seacrest returned to host, while Jennifer Lopez, Keith Urban and Harry Connick, Jr. returned for their respective fourth, third and second seasons as judges. Eighth season runner-up Adam Lambert filled in for Urban during the New York City auditions. Randy Jackson did not return as the in-house mentor for this season."}], ["Perubahan musim ini termasuk hanya menyiarkan satu episod seminggu selama sepuluh terakhir. Coca Cola mengakhiri tajaan mereka untuk acara lama dan Ford Motor Company mengekalkan peranan yang berkurangan. Pemenang musim ini juga menerima kontrak rakaman dengan Big Machine Records. <> Berapa banyak episod yang dilakukan American Idol setiap minggu dari sepuluh teratas? || satu <> Syarikat minuman apa yang mengakhiri hubungan mereka dengan American Idol pada musim 14? || Coca Cola <> Apa syarikat kereta mempunyai hubungan dengan American Idol pada musim 14? || Syarikat Motor Ford <> Apakah label rekod mempunyai kontrak dengan pemenang American Idols musim keempat belas? || Rekod Mesin Besar <> Bermula musim ini, berapa episod Idol disiarkan setiap minggu? || satu <> Siapa yang menamatkan penajaan mereka musim ini? || Coca Cola <> Apa syarikat lain mengurangkan penajaan mereka musim ini? || Ford Motor Company <> Musim ini, pemenang memenangi kontrak rakaman dengan syarikat apa? || Rekod Mesin Besar", {"qas": [{"question": "How many episodes did American Idol have each week of the top ten?", "id": "56d382b159d6e414001465c9", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What drink company ended their relationship with American Idol in season 14?", "id": "56d382b159d6e414001465ca", "answers": [{"text": "Coca Cola", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What car company had a relationship with American Idol in season 14?", "id": "56d382b159d6e414001465cb", "answers": [{"text": "Ford Motor Company", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What record label had a contract with the winner of American Idols fourteenth season?", "id": "56d382b159d6e414001465cc", "answers": [{"text": "Big Machine Records", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Starting this season, how many episodes of Idol aired every week?", "id": "56db31c5e7c41114004b4f1f", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ended their sponsorship this season?", "id": "56db31c5e7c41114004b4f20", "answers": [{"text": "Coca Cola", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other company reduced their sponsorship this season?", "id": "56db31c5e7c41114004b4f21", "answers": [{"text": "Ford Motor Company", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "This season, the winner won a recording contract with what company?", "id": "56db31c5e7c41114004b4f22", "answers": [{"text": "Big Machine Records", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Changes this season include only airing one episode a week during the final ten. Coca Cola ended their longtime sponsorship of the show and Ford Motor Company maintained a reduced role. The winner of the season also received a recording contract with Big Machine Records."}], ["Ini adalah musim pertama di mana peserta diperkenankan untuk membuat persembahan di pusingan akhir lagu yang mereka tulis sendiri. Dalam Top 8, Sam Woolf menerima undi paling sedikit, tetapi dia diselamatkan daripada penghapusan hakim. Episod 500 dari siri itu adalah malam persembahan Top 3. <> Kontroversi mana yang telah diselamatkan oleh hakim setelah mendapat undi paling sedikit pada musim 13 American Idol? || Sam Woolf <> Pada titik apa dalam musim 13, apakah American Idol menunjukkan pertunjukan ke-500? || Top 3 performance night <> Contestants boleh melakukan apa yang di pusingan akhir untuk kali pertama? || lagu-lagu mereka menulis sendiri <> Siapa yang menerima Hakim 'Menjimatkan musim ini? || Sam Woolf <> Bilakah hakim menggunakan simpanan mereka di Woolf? || Top 8 <> Episod apakah yang ke-500 dari keseluruhan siri? || Malam persembahan 3 teratas", {"qas": [{"question": "Which contestant was saved by the judges after getting the least votes on season 13 of American Idol?", "id": "56d381bd59d6e4140014659d", "answers": [{"text": "Sam Woolf", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what point in season 13 did American Idol air its 500th show?", "id": "56d381bd59d6e4140014659e", "answers": [{"text": "Top 3 performance night", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Contestants could perform what in the final rounds for the first time ever?", "id": "56db30ede7c41114004b4f0b", "answers": [{"text": "songs they wrote themselves", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who received the Judges' Save this season?", "id": "56db30ede7c41114004b4f0c", "answers": [{"text": "Sam Woolf", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the judges use their save on Woolf?", "id": "56db30ede7c41114004b4f0d", "answers": [{"text": "Top 8", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What episode was the 500th of the entire series?", "id": "56db30ede7c41114004b4f0e", "answers": [{"text": "Top 3 performance night", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "This was the first season where the contestants were permitted to perform in the final rounds songs they wrote themselves. In the Top 8, Sam Woolf received the fewest votes, but he was saved from elimination by the judges. The 500th episode of the series was the Top 3 performance night."}], ["Nick Fradiani memenangi musim ini, mengalahkan Clark Beckham. Dengan memenangi, Fradiani menjadi pemenang pertama dari rantau Timur Laut. Fradiani melepaskan \"Kehidupan Indah\" sebagai penobatannya tunggal sementara Beckham mengeluarkan \"Juara\". Jax, finalis tempat ketiga, juga mengeluarkan satu gelaran \"Forcefield\". <> Siapa yang memenangi Idol Amerika musim keempat belas? || Nick Fradiani <> Siapa yang datang di tempat kedua di American Idol pada musim 14? || Clark Beckham <> Siapa yang masuk ketiga pada American Idol pada musim 14? || Jax <> Apa nama lagu kemenangan Nick Fradianis? || Kehidupan Cantik <> Lagu apa yang dibebaskan Jax selepas mendapat ketiga pada American Idol? || Forcefield <> Siapa yang memenangi Idol musim ini? || Nick Fradiani <> Siapa pemenang Idol? || Clark Beckham <> Apa lagu coronation Nick? || Kehidupan Cantik <> Apakah pembebasan pertama Beckham? || Juara <> Mana peserta yang berada di tempat ketiga? || Jax", {"qas": [{"question": "Who won American Idols fourteenth season?", "id": "56d3831159d6e414001465d1", "answers": [{"text": "Nick Fradiani", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who came in second on American Idol in season 14?", "id": "56d3831159d6e414001465d2", "answers": [{"text": "Clark Beckham", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who came in third on American Idol in season 14?", "id": "56d3831159d6e414001465d3", "answers": [{"text": "Jax", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Nick Fradianis victory song?", "id": "56d3831159d6e414001465d4", "answers": [{"text": "Beautiful Life", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What song did Jax release after coming in third on American Idol?", "id": "56d3831159d6e414001465d5", "answers": [{"text": "Forcefield", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who won this season of Idol?", "id": "56db3c93e7c41114004b4f77", "answers": [{"text": "Nick Fradiani", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the runner up of Idol?", "id": "56db3c93e7c41114004b4f78", "answers": [{"text": "Clark Beckham", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Nick's coronation song?", "id": "56db3c93e7c41114004b4f79", "answers": [{"text": "Beautiful Life", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Beckham's first release?", "id": "56db3c93e7c41114004b4f7a", "answers": [{"text": "Champion", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which contestant came in third place?", "id": "56db3c93e7c41114004b4f7b", "answers": [{"text": "Jax", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nick Fradiani won the season, defeating Clark Beckham. By winning, Fradiani became the first winner from the Northeast region. Fradiani released \"Beautiful Life\" as his coronation single while Beckham released \"Champion\". Jax, the third place finalist, also released a single called \"Forcefield\"."}], ["Teori yang diberikan untuk kejayaan Southerners on Idol adalah: lebih fleksibel dengan genre muzik, sebagai Selatan A.S. adalah rumah kepada beberapa adegan genre muzik; tidak mempunyai banyak peluang untuk memasuki perniagaan muzik pop; pengundian teks disebabkan oleh Selatan yang mempunyai peratusan tertinggi hanya rumah tangga telefon bimbit; dan warisan muzik dan nyanyian yang kuat, yang terkenal di Belt Alkitab, di mana ia berada di gereja yang banyak orang mula mendapat nyanyian orang ramai. Lain-lain juga mencadangkan bahawa watak Selatan peserta ini merayu kepada Selatan, serta kebanggaan tempatan. Menurut pemenang musim lima, Taylor Hicks, yang berasal dari negeri Alabama, \"Orang di Selatan mempunyai banyak kebanggaan ... Jadi, mereka tegas menyokong para peserta yang baik dari negeri atau rantau mereka.\" <> Siapa yang memenangi lima musim American Idol? || Taylor Hicks <> Apa negeri Taylor Hicks? || Alabama <> Di mana orang-orang di Amerika Selatan sering mula menyanyi? || gereja <> Di manakah ramai orang mula menyanyi di selatan? || gereja <> Di manakah Taylor Hicks? || Alabama", {"qas": [{"question": "Who won season five of American Idol? ", "id": "56d3847159d6e414001465fd", "answers": [{"text": "Taylor Hicks", "answer_start": 626}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What state is Taylor Hicks from? ", "id": "56d3847159d6e414001465fe", "answers": [{"text": "Alabama", "answer_start": 665}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do people in the Southern United States often begin singing? ", "id": "56d3847159d6e414001465ff", "answers": [{"text": "church", "answer_start": 421}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do a lot of people get their start in singing in the south?", "id": "56db3ebee7c41114004b4f97", "answers": [{"text": "church", "answer_start": 421}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Taylor Hicks from?", "id": "56db3ebee7c41114004b4f99", "answers": [{"text": "Alabama", "answer_start": 665}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Theories given for the success of Southerners on Idol have been: more versatility with musical genres, as the Southern U.S. is home to several music genre scenes; not having as many opportunities to break into the pop music business; text-voting due to the South having the highest percentage of cell-phone only households; and the strong heritage of music and singing, which is notable in the Bible Belt, where it is in church that many people get their start in public singing. Others also suggest that the Southern character of these contestants appeal to the South, as well as local pride. According to season five winner Taylor Hicks, who is from the state of Alabama, \"People in the South have a lot of pride ... So, they're adamant about supporting the contestants who do well from their state or region.\""}], ["Pertunjukan itu sendiri sangat popular di Amerika Syarikat Selatan, dengan isi rumah di Amerika Selatan Tenggara 10% lebih mungkin menonton American Idol pada musim kelapan pada tahun 2009, dan di Timur Tengah, seperti Kentucky, 16% lebih mungkin untuk menala ke dalam siri ini. Data daripada Nielsen SoundScan, perkhidmatan penjejakan jualan muzik, menunjukkan bahawa daripada 47 juta CD yang dijual oleh peserta Idol menjelang Januari 2010, 85 peratus adalah oleh peserta yang mempunyai hubungan dengan Amerika Selatan. <> Berapa banyak CD dari peserta American Idol yang telah dijual pada awal tahun 2010? || 47 juta <> Dalam kajian yang sama, berapa yang lebih mungkin adalah seseorang dari Kentucky untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan persembahan itu? || 16 peratus <> Berapa banyak CDS yang dijual oleh kontestan Idol sehingga tahun 2010? || 47 juta <> Daripada CD yang dijual, berapa ramai peserta dengan hubungan selatan? || 85 peratus", {"qas": [{"question": "How many CDs from American Idol contestants had been sold at the beginning of 2010? ", "id": "56d3844659d6e414001465f9", "answers": [{"text": "47 million", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the same study, how much more likely was someone from Kentucky to tune into the show?", "id": "56db3e49e7c41114004b4f90", "answers": [{"text": "16 percent", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many CDS were sold by Idol contestants up to 2010?", "id": "56db3e49e7c41114004b4f91", "answers": [{"text": "47 million", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of the CDs sold, how many were by the contestants with southern ties?", "id": "56db3e49e7c41114004b4f92", "answers": [{"text": "85 percent", "answer_start": 432}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The show itself is popular in the Southern United States, with households in the Southeastern United States 10% more likely to watch American Idol during the eighth season in 2009, and those in the East Central region, such as Kentucky, were 16 percent more likely to tune into the series. Data from Nielsen SoundScan, a music-sales tracking service, showed that of the 47 million CDs sold by Idol contestants through January 2010, 85 percent were by contestants with ties to the American South."}], ["Sejak pertunjukan menunjukkan pada 2002, sepuluh daripada empat belas pemenang Idol, termasuk lima pertamanya, telah datang dari Amerika Syarikat Selatan. Sebilangan besar peserta akhir yang lain semasa siri ini juga berasal dari Amerika Selatan, termasuk Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, dan Chris Daughtry, yang semuanya berasal dari North Carolina. Pada tahun 2012, analisis 131 kontestan yang telah muncul di peringkat akhir semua musim menunjukkan sehingga 48% mempunyai beberapa sambungan ke Amerika Selatan Selatan. <> Setakat 2012, berapa ramai finalis yang pernah memilik American Idol? || 131 <> Kapan American Idol bermula? || 2002 <> Apa rantau Amerika Syarikat adalah lima pemenang pertama Amerika Idols? || Selatan <> Apakah negeri peserta American Idol Clay Aiken dari? || North Carolina <> Apakah negara peserta American Idol Chris Daughtry? || North Carolina <> Berapa banyak pemenang Idol yang datang dari bahagian selatan Amerika? || sepuluh <> Selain Clay Aiken dan Kellie Pickler, yang Idol lain berasal dari North Carolina? || Chris Daughtry", {"qas": [{"question": "As of 2012, how many finalists did American Idol have? ", "id": "56d3841059d6e414001465ef", "answers": [{"text": "131", "answer_start": 365}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did American Idol begin? ", "id": "56d3841059d6e414001465f0", "answers": [{"text": "2002", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What region of the United States were American Idols first five winners from? ", "id": "56d3841059d6e414001465f1", "answers": [{"text": "Southern", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What state is American Idol contestant Clay Aiken from?", "id": "56d3841059d6e414001465f2", "answers": [{"text": "North Carolina", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What state is American Idol contestant Chris Daughtry from? ", "id": "56d3841059d6e414001465f3", "answers": [{"text": "North Carolina", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Idol winners have come from the southern part of America?", "id": "56db3d7fe7c41114004b4f89", "answers": [{"text": "ten", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to Clay Aiken and Kellie Pickler, which other Idol is from North Carolina?", "id": "56db3d7fe7c41114004b4f8a", "answers": [{"text": "Chris Daughtry", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Since the show's inception in 2002, ten of the fourteen Idol winners, including its first five, have come from the Southern United States. A large number of other notable finalists during the series' run have also hailed from the American South, including Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry, who are all from North Carolina. In 2012, an analysis of the 131 contestants who have appeared in the finals of all seasons of the show up to that point found that 48% have some connection to the Southern United States."}], ["Untuk lima musim berturut-turut, bermula pada musim tujuh, gelaran itu diberikan kepada seorang lelaki kulit putih yang memainkan gitar - satu trend yang dipanggil para penonton Idol sebagai \"lelaki putih dengan gitar\" atau \"WGWG\". Hanya beberapa jam sebelum musim eleven berakhir, di mana Phillip Phillips dinamakan pemenang, Richard Rushfield, pengarang buku American Idol: The Untold Story, berkata, \"Anda mempunyai perikatan ini antara gadis-gadis muda dan nenek dan mereka melihatnya, tidak semestinya satu pertandingan untuk membuat bintang pop bertanding di radio kontemporari, tetapi sebagai .... siapa lelaki yang paling baik dalam pertandingan populariti, \"katanya,\" Dan itu telah membawa kepada dinasti ini empat, dan mungkin kini lima, berturut-turut, anak lelaki putih yang ramah, sangat baik dan tampan. \" <> Apa maksud singkatan WGWG? || Lelaki putih dengan gitar <> Yang memenangi musim sebelas American Idol? || Phillip Phillips <> Apa nama buku yang ditulis oleh Richard Rushfield tentang American Idol? || American Idol: Kisah Untold <> Berapa banyak musim berturut-turut yang dimenangi oleh lelaki bermain gitar caucasian? || lima <> Apa instrumen yang dimenangi para pemenang selama lima musim dalam pertandingan berturut-turut? || gitar <> Apakah faktor WGWG? || Lelaki putih dengan gitar <> Siapa yang menulis American Idol: The Story Untold? || Richard Rushfield <> Siapa yang dinamakan pemenang Musim 11? || Phillip Phillips", {"qas": [{"question": "What does the acronym WGWG stand for? ", "id": "56d384b059d6e41400146603", "answers": [{"text": "White guy with guitar", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who won season eleven of American Idol? ", "id": "56d384b059d6e41400146604", "answers": [{"text": "Phillip Phillips", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the book written by Richard Rushfield about American Idol? ", "id": "56d384b059d6e41400146605", "answers": [{"text": "American Idol: The Untold Story", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many seasons in a row were won by caucasian guitar playing males? ", "id": "56d384b059d6e41400146606", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What instrument did the winners for five seasons in a row play?", "id": "56db3f2ce7c41114004b4f9d", "answers": [{"text": "guitar", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the WGWG factor?", "id": "56db3f2ce7c41114004b4f9e", "answers": [{"text": "White guy with guitar", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote American Idol: The Untold Story?", "id": "56db3f2ce7c41114004b4f9f", "answers": [{"text": "Richard Rushfield", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was named the winner of Season 11?", "id": "56db3f2ce7c41114004b4fa0", "answers": [{"text": "Phillip Phillips", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "For five consecutive seasons, starting in season seven, the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar \u2013 a trend that Idol pundits call the \"White guy with guitar\" or \"WGWG\" factor. Just hours before the season eleven finale, where Phillip Phillips was named the winner, Richard Rushfield, author of the book American Idol: The Untold Story, said, \"You have this alliance between young girls and grandmas and they see it, not necessarily as a contest to create a pop star competing on the contemporary radio, but as .... who's the nicest guy in a popularity contest,\" he says, \"And that has led to this dynasty of four, and possibly now five, consecutive, affable, very nice, good-looking white boys.\""}], ["Pertunjukan itu telah dikritik pada musim-musim awal mengenai kontroversi kontrak yang membebankan harus menandatangani yang memberikan kawalan yang berlebihan kepada 19 Entertainment atas kerjaya masa depan mereka, dan menyerahkan sebahagian besar pendapatan masa depan mereka kepada pengurusan. <> Apa syarikat peserta yang perlu menandatangani kontrak dengan American Idol? || 19 Hiburan", {"qas": [{"question": "What company are contestants required to sign a contract with on American Idol?", "id": "56d384e559d6e4140014660b", "answers": [{"text": "19 Entertainment", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The show had been criticized in earlier seasons over the onerous contract contestants had to sign that gave excessive control to 19 Entertainment over their future career, and handed a large part of their future earnings to the management."}], ["Idol Gives Back adalah acara kebajikan khas yang bermula pada musim enam yang memaparkan persembahan oleh selebriti dan pelbagai inisiatif penjanaan dana. Acara ini juga diadakan pada musim tujuh dan sembilan dan telah meningkatkan jumlah hampir $ 185 juta. <> Apakah nama khusus yang menimbulkan wang untuk badan amal di American Idol? || Idol Berikan Kembali <> Berapa banyak wang yang telah dibangkitkan oleh American Idol untuk amal dengan Idol Memberi Istimewa? || $ 185 juta <> Apakah nama amal Idol itu? || Idol Memberikan Kembali <> Kapan Idol pertama Memberi Kembali? || musim enam", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the special that raises money for charities on American Idol?", "id": "56d3856959d6e41400146621", "answers": [{"text": "Idol Gives Back", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money has American Idol raised for charity with its Idol Gives Back specials? ", "id": "56d3856959d6e41400146623", "answers": [{"text": "$185 million", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the charity that Idol has?", "id": "56db407de7c41114004b4fb5", "answers": [{"text": "Idol Gives Back", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the first Idol Gives Back?", "id": "56db407de7c41114004b4fb7", "answers": [{"text": "season six", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Idol Gives Back is a special charity event started in season six featuring performances by celebrities and various fund-raising initiatives. This event was also held in seasons seven and nine and has raised nearly $185 million in total."}], ["Pada musim sepuluh, jumlah penonton untuk minggu pertama pertunjukan turun 12-13%, dan sehingga 23% dalam demo 18-49 berbanding musim sembilan. Episod kemudian, bagaimanapun, mengekalkan penonton dengan lebih baik, dan musim berakhir dengan peningkatan yang ketara dalam penonton untuk perlawanan akhir - 12% untuk pertunjukan 18-49 orang dewasa dan 21% peningkatan jumlah penonton dari musim sembilan perlawanan. Walaupun jumlah penonton keseluruhan telah meningkat musim ini, demografi penontonnya terus berumur tahun pada tahun - umur median musim ini adalah 47.2 berbanding usia median 32.1 pada musim pertamanya. Pada masa musim televisyen 2010-11, Fox berada dalam kemenangan ketujuh berturut-turut berturut-turut dalam penilaian peringkat demografi 18-49 di Amerika Syarikat. <> Berapa umur purata penonton Idol Amerika pada musim pertamanya? || 32,1 <> Apakah umur purata penonton Idol Amerika pada musim kesepuluh? || 47.2 <> Apakah usia penonton median musim ini? || 47.2 <> Apakah usia median untuk penonton untuk musim? || 32.1", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the average age of American Idols viewers in its first season? ", "id": "56d3870b59d6e4140014665d", "answers": [{"text": "32.1", "answer_start": 563}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the average age of American Idols viewers in its tenth season? ", "id": "56d3870b59d6e4140014665e", "answers": [{"text": "47.2", "answer_start": 530}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the median age of viewers this season?", "id": "56db5c62e7c41114004b4ff3", "answers": [{"text": "47.2", "answer_start": 530}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the median age for viewers for season one?", "id": "56db5c62e7c41114004b4ff4", "answers": [{"text": "32.1", "answer_start": 563}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In season ten, the total viewer numbers for the first week of shows fell 12\u201313%, and by up to 23% in the 18\u201349 demo compared to season nine. Later episodes, however, retained viewers better, and the season ended on a high with a significant increase in viewership for the finale \u2013 up 12% for the adults 18\u201349 demo and a 21% increase in total viewers from the season nine finale. While the overall viewer number has increased this season, its viewer demographics have continued to age year on year \u2013 the median age this season was 47.2 compared to a median age of 32.1 in its first season. By the time of the 2010\u201311 television season, Fox was in its seventh consecutive season of victory overall in the 18\u201349 demographic ratings in the United States."}], ["Musim eleven, bagaimanapun, mengalami kejatuhan penurunan nilai, penurunan yang disumbangkan oleh beberapa kepada ketibaan rancangan baru seperti The Voice and The X-Factor. Penarafan untuk dua episod musim pertama turun 16-21% dalam jumlah penonton keseluruhan dan 24-27% dalam demo 18/49, sementara musim berakhir 27% dalam jumlah penonton dan 30% di 18-49 demo. Penonton rata-rata untuk musim jatuh di bawah 20 juta penonton kali pertama sejak tahun 2003, penurunan sebanyak 23% jumlah penonton dan 30% dalam demo 18/49. Untuk pertama kalinya dalam lapan tahun, American Idol kehilangan posisi teratas dalam jumlah penonton dan demo 18/49, yang kedua dalam NBC Sunday Night Football, walaupun kekuatan Idol pada tahun kedua pada Rabu-Khamis Slot primitif membantu Fox mencapai tempoh paling lama 18-49 kemenangan demografi dalam penarafan Nielsen, yang berdiri pada 8 tahun berturut-turut dari tahun 2004 hingga 2012. <> Berapa tahun berturut-turut American Idol menunjukkan di televisyen? || lapan <> Apa program yang dilihat lebih banyak berbanding American Idol musim ini? || Sunday Night Football <> Berapa lama masa pemerintahan Fox dalam demografi 18-49 dalam penilaian Nielsen? || lapan tahun", {"qas": [{"question": "For how many years was American Idol the top rated show on television? ", "id": "56d3876659d6e41400146663", "answers": [{"text": "eight", "answer_start": 530}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What program saw more viewers than American Idol this season?", "id": "56db5cece7c41114004b4ffb", "answers": [{"text": "Sunday Night Football", "answer_start": 660}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did Fox reign in the 18-49 demographics in the Nielsen ratings?", "id": "56db5cece7c41114004b4ffc", "answers": [{"text": "eight years", "answer_start": 530}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Season eleven, however, suffered a steep drop in ratings, a drop attributed by some to the arrival of new shows such as The Voice and The X-Factor. The ratings for the first two episodes of season eleven fell 16\u201321% in overall viewer numbers and 24\u201327% in the 18/49 demo, while the season finale fell 27% in total viewer number and 30% in the 18-49 demo. The average viewership for the season fell below 20 million viewers the first time since 2003, a drop of 23% in total viewers and 30% in the 18/49 demo. For the first time in eight years, American Idol lost the leading position in both the total viewers number and the 18/49 demo, coming in second to NBC Sunday Night Football, although the strengths of Idol in its second year in the Wednesday-Thursday primetime slots helped Fox achieve the longest period of 18-49 demographic victory in the Nielsen ratings, standing at 8 straight years from 2004 to 2012."}], ["American Idol ditayangkan pada bulan Jun 2002 dan menjadi acara kejutan musim panas kejutan pada tahun 2002. Pertunjukan pertama menarik 9.9 juta penonton, memberikan Fox angka tontonan terbaik untuk tempat 8.30 malam dalam setahun. Penonton terus berkembang, dan pada malam terakhir, penonton telah purata 23 juta, dengan lebih daripada 40 juta menonton beberapa bahagian acara itu. Episod itu diletakkan ketiga di kalangan semua kumpulan usia, tetapi yang lebih penting adalah dalam 18-49 demografi, kumpulan umur yang paling dihargai oleh pengiklan. <> Tahun apakah American Idol disiarkan di televisyen? || 2002 <> Berapa ramai orang menonton episod pertama American Idol? || 9.9 juta <> Berapa ramai orang menonton perlumbaan American Idol pada musim pertama? || 23 juta <> Musim musim lalu apa American Idol pertama di televisyen? || musim panas <> Kapan American Idol perdana? || Jun 2002 <> Berapa ramai orang menonton episod pertama American Idol? || 9.9 juta <> Apakah purata untuk penonton oleh malam terakhir? || 23 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did American Idol being to air on television? ", "id": "56d385c459d6e41400146629", "answers": [{"text": "2002", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people watched the first episode of American Idol? ", "id": "56d385c459d6e4140014662a", "answers": [{"text": "9.9 million", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people on average watched the American Idol finale in its first season? ", "id": "56d385c459d6e4140014662b", "answers": [{"text": "23 million", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What season of the year did American Idol first air on television? ", "id": "56d385c459d6e4140014662d", "answers": [{"text": "summer", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did American Idol premiere?", "id": "56db410fe7c41114004b4fc5", "answers": [{"text": "June 2002", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people watched the first episode of American Idol?", "id": "56db410fe7c41114004b4fc6", "answers": [{"text": "9.9 million", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the average for viewership by finale night?", "id": "56db410fe7c41114004b4fc7", "answers": [{"text": "23 million", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "American Idol premiered in June 2002 and became the surprise summer hit show of 2002. The first show drew 9.9 million viewers, giving Fox the best viewing figure for the 8.30 pm spot in over a year. The audience steadily grew, and by finale night, the audience had averaged 23 million, with more than 40 million watching some part of that show. That episode was placed third amongst all age groups, but more importantly it led in the 18\u201349 demographic, the age group most valued by advertisers."}], ["Musim enam ditayangkan semula dengan episod debut tertinggi dalam siri itu dan beberapa episodnya yang berjaya disiarkan di kalangan episode-filem American Idol yang paling banyak ditonton. Pada masa ini, banyak eksekutif televisyen mula memperhatikan pameran itu sebagai kuasa pengaturcaraan tidak seperti apa yang dilihat sebelum ini, kerana dominasi yang konsisten sehingga dua jam dua atau tiga malam seminggu melebihi jangkauan 30 atau 60 minit dari hits terdahulu seperti Pameran The Cosby NBC. Pertunjukan itu dijuluki \"Death Star\", dan rangkaian bersaing sering menyusun semula jadual mereka untuk meminimumkan kerugian. Walau bagaimanapun, musim enam juga menunjukkan penurunan yang mantap dalam penonton sepanjang musim ini. Akhir musim menyaksikan kejatuhan 16% daripada tahun sebelumnya. Musim enam adalah musim pertama di mana keputusan purata ditunjukkan lebih tinggi daripada peringkat persaingan (tidak seperti pada musim sebelumnya), dan menjadi penarafan tertinggi kedua dalam siri ini selepas musim terdahulu. <> Yang mana yang paling utama musim American Idol adalah yang paling ditonton? || Musim enam <> Semasa musim ke peringkat Idola Amerika mula jatuh? || Musim enam <> Apa rangkaian televisyen lain merujuk kepada American Idol kerana penilaiannya? || Death Star <> Jaringan televisi mana yang asalnya disiarkan The Cosby Show? || NBC <> Yang perdana musim mana yang paling ditonton sepanjang musim? || Musim enam <> Apa rancangan yang dipanggil oleh rangkaian lain? || Death Star <> Musim enam melihat apa yang buat kali pertama dalam penonton? || penurunan <> Musim enam adalah musim pertama di mana terdapat lebih banyak penonton? || menunjukkan hasil", {"qas": [{"question": "Which season premier of American Idol was the most watched?", "id": "56d3867b59d6e4140014663d", "answers": [{"text": "Season six", "answer_start": 720}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During which season to American Idols rating begin to fall?", "id": "56d3867b59d6e4140014663e", "answers": [{"text": "Season six", "answer_start": 720}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did other television networks refer to American Idol as because of its ratings?", "id": "56d3867b59d6e4140014663f", "answers": [{"text": "the Death Star", "answer_start": 453}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which television network originally aired The Cosby Show? ", "id": "56d3867b59d6e41400146640", "answers": [{"text": "NBC", "answer_start": 410}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which season premiere was the most watched of all seasons?", "id": "56db42dee7c41114004b4fd5", "answers": [{"text": "Season six", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the show called by other networks?", "id": "56db42dee7c41114004b4fd6", "answers": [{"text": "the Death Star", "answer_start": 453}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Season six saw what for the first time in viewership?", "id": "56db42dee7c41114004b4fd8", "answers": [{"text": "decline", "answer_start": 596}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Season six was the first season where what had more viewers?", "id": "56db42dee7c41114004b4fd9", "answers": [{"text": "results show", "answer_start": 772}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Season six premiered with the series' highest-rated debut episode and a few of its succeeding episodes rank among the most watched episodes of American Idol. During this time, many television executives begun to regard the show as a programming force unlike any seen before, as its consistent dominance of up to two hours two or three nights a week exceeded the 30- or 60-minute reach of previous hits such as NBC's The Cosby Show. The show was dubbed \"the Death Star\", and competing networks often rearranged their schedules in order to minimize losses. However, season six also showed a steady decline in viewership over the course of the season. The season finale saw a drop in ratings of 16% from the previous year. Season six was the first season wherein the average results show rated higher than the competition stages (unlike in the previous seasons), and became the second highest-rated of the series after the preceding season."}], ["Trend yang menurun bagaimanapun berterusan ke dalam lapan musim, kerana bilangan penonton keseluruhan jatuh sebanyak 5-10% untuk episod awal berbanding musim tujuh, dan sebanyak 9% untuk final. Pada musim sembilan, seri enam tahun perpanjangan Idol dalam penilaian telah pecah, apabila liputan NBC pada Olimpik Musim Sejuk 2010 pada 17 Februari menewaskan Idol dalam slot masa yang sama dengan 30.1 juta penonton berbanding Idol 18.4 juta. Walau bagaimanapun, keseluruhan American Idol menamatkan musim kesembilannya sebagai siri TV yang paling banyak ditonton untuk tahun keenam, memecahkan rekod sebelumnya lima musim berturut-turut yang dicapai oleh CBS 'All in the Family dan The Cosby Show NBC. <> Jaringan televisyen mana yang disiarkan di Sukan Olimpik Musim Sejuk pada tahun 2010? || NBC <> Rangkaian televisyen mana yang asalnya disiarkan Semua dalam keluarga? || CBS <> Dalam tahun berapa NBC mengalahkan American Idol dalam penarafan untuk pertama kalinya? || 2010 <> Apa yang akhirnya mengalahkan Idol dalam penarafan semasa musim sembilan? || Olimpik Musim Sejuk 2010 <> Berapa ramai yang menyaksikan Sukan Olimpik Musim Sejuk 2010 pada 17 Februari berbanding 18.4 juta yang disenarai dalam Idol? || 30,1 juta <> Pada akhir musim sembilan, American Idol tetap berada di puncak sebagai pertunjukan yang paling banyak ditonton selama bertahun-tahun berturut-turut? || enam", {"qas": [{"question": "Which television network aired the Winter Olympics in 2010? ", "id": "56d386e359d6e4140014664b", "answers": [{"text": "NBC", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which television network originally aired All in the Family? ", "id": "56d386e359d6e4140014664d", "answers": [{"text": "CBS", "answer_start": 592}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did NBC beat American Idol in the ratings for the first time?", "id": "56d386e359d6e4140014664e", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What finally beat Idol in the ratings during season nine?", "id": "56db44cbe7c41114004b4fe8", "answers": [{"text": "2010 Winter Olympics", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people watched the 2010 Winter Olympics on February 17 as compared to the 18.4 million who tuned into Idol?", "id": "56db44cbe7c41114004b4fe9", "answers": [{"text": "30.1 million", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At the end of season nine, American Idol remained on top as the most watched show for how many years in a row?", "id": "56db44cbe7c41114004b4fea", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The declining trend however continued into season eight, as total viewers numbers fell by 5\u201310% for early episodes compared to season seven, and by 9% for the finale. In season nine, Idol's six-year extended streak of perfection in the ratings was broken, when NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics on February 17 beat Idol in the same time slot with 30.1 million viewers over Idol's 18.4 million. Nevertheless, American Idol overall finished its ninth season as the most watched TV series for the sixth year running, breaking the previous record of five consecutive seasons achieved by CBS' All in the Family and NBC's The Cosby Show."}], ["Hasil pengundian telah menjadi sumber kontroversi yang konsisten. Mekanisme pengundian juga telah menimbulkan kritikan yang besar, terutama dalam musim dua ketika Ruben Studdard mengalahkan Clay Aiken dalam undi rapat, dan pada musim lapan, ketika peningkatan suara secara besar-besaran (100 juta suara lebih banyak daripada musim 7) memicu kontroversi teks. Kebimbangan mengenai pengundian kuasa telah dinyatakan sejak musim pertama. Sejak 2004, undi juga telah terjejas ke tahap yang terhad oleh komuniti dalam talian seperti DialIdol, Undi untuk Terburuk (ditutup pada 2013), dan Undi untuk Girls (bermula 2010). <> Siapa yang memenangi dua musim American Idol? || Ruben Studdard <> Siapa yang datang pada kedua pada musim dua American Idol? || Clay Aiken <> Berapa tahunkah Undian untuk Operasi berhenti paling teruk? || 2013 <> Berapa banyak lagi undian teks di musim lapan Amerika Idol sepanjang musim tujuh? || 100 juta <> Musim manakah yang mempunyai kontroversi pengundian terbesar? || musim kedua <> Musim mana yang mempunyai kontroversi mengundi kerana peningkatan besar dalam undian teks? || musim lapan <> Yang mana kebimbangan pemungutan telah wujud sejak musim pertama? || kuasa mengundi <> Bilakah Vote untuk Girls bermula? || 2010 <> Bilakah Voting untuk Tutup Terburuk? || 2013", {"qas": [{"question": "Who won season two of American Idol? ", "id": "56d3852a59d6e41400146619", "answers": [{"text": "Ruben Studdard", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who came in second on season two of American Idol? ", "id": "56d3852a59d6e4140014661a", "answers": [{"text": "Clay Aiken", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Vote for the Worst cease operations? ", "id": "56d3852a59d6e4140014661b", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 552}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many more text votes were there in season eight of American Idol over season seven? ", "id": "56d3852a59d6e4140014661c", "answers": [{"text": "100 million", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which season had the biggest voting controversy?", "id": "56db401ae7c41114004b4fab", "answers": [{"text": "season two", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which season had a voting controversy because of a huge increase in text votes?", "id": "56db401ae7c41114004b4fac", "answers": [{"text": "season eight", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which voting concern has been present since the first season?", "id": "56db401ae7c41114004b4fad", "answers": [{"text": "power voting", "answer_start": 359}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Vote for the Girls start?", "id": "56db401ae7c41114004b4fae", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 591}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Vote for the Worst close?", "id": "56db401ae7c41114004b4faf", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 552}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Voting results have been a consistent source of controversy. The mechanism of voting had also aroused considerable criticisms, most notably in season two when Ruben Studdard beat Clay Aiken in a close vote, and in season eight, when the massive increase in text votes (100 million more text votes than season 7) fueled the texting controversy. Concerns about power voting have been expressed from the very first season. Since 2004, votes also have been affected to a limited degree by online communities such as DialIdol, Vote for the Worst (closed in 2013), and Vote for the Girls (started 2010)."}], ["Kehilangan penonton terus ke musim tujuh. Perdana itu turun 11% di kalangan penonton, dan keputusan menunjukkan di mana Kristy Lee Cook dihapuskan menyampaikan pertunjukan Rabu paling rendah di kalangan demo 18-34 sejak musim pertama pada tahun 2002. Bagaimanapun, penarafan kembali pulih untuk musim tujuh berakhir dengan kegembiraan dalam pertempuran Davids, dan bertambah baik sepanjang musim enam sebagai finale ketiga yang paling banyak ditonton oleh seri. Kemunculan kuat musim tujuh juga membantu Fox menjadi rangkaian TV yang paling banyak ditonton di negara ini buat kali pertama sejak penubuhannya, yang pertama kali dalam sejarah televisyen Amerika untuk rangkaian siaran utama bukan Big Three. Penarafan keseluruhan untuk musim turun 10% dari musim keenam, yang sejajar dengan kejatuhan penonton di semua rangkaian disebabkan sebahagiannya kepada serangan 2007-2008 Writers Guild of America. <> Selama mana musim American Idol lakukan Fox mengalahkan rangkaian lain dalam penarafan untuk pertama kalinya? || musim tujuh <> Mengapa penarafan televisyen turun di seluruh papan semasa American Idols musim ketujuh? || Penulis Guild of America mogok <> Pada apa musim Kristy Lee Cook seorang peserta di American Idol? || musim tujuh <> Siapa yang telah dihapuskan semasa pertunjukan yang paling rendah sejak musim pertama? || Kristy Lee Cook <> Apakah yang terakhir disaksikan oleh ketiga-tiga siri ini? || musim tujuh <> Oleh kerana pemulihan dalam penonton, Fox menjadi apa yang buat kali pertama? || rangkaian TV yang paling banyak ditonton <> Apa yang berlaku pada 2007-2008 yang mempunyai penurunan penonton untuk semua rangkaian? || Strike Writers Guild of America", {"qas": [{"question": "During which season of American Idol did Fox beat the other networks in ratings for the first time? ", "id": "56d386a959d6e41400146645", "answers": [{"text": "season seven", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why were television ratings down across the board during American Idols seventh season? ", "id": "56d386a959d6e41400146646", "answers": [{"text": "Writers Guild of America strike", "answer_start": 818}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what season was Kristy Lee Cook a contestant on American Idol? ", "id": "56d386a959d6e41400146647", "answers": [{"text": "season seven", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was eliminated during the lowest rated show since season one?", "id": "56db43dae7c41114004b4fdf", "answers": [{"text": "Kristy Lee Cook", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the series' third most watched finale?", "id": "56db43dae7c41114004b4fe0", "answers": [{"text": "season seven", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Because of the rebound in viewers, Fox became what for the first time?", "id": "56db43dae7c41114004b4fe1", "answers": [{"text": "the most watched TV network", "answer_start": 490}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened in 2007-2008 that had a drop in viewers for all networks?", "id": "56db43dae7c41114004b4fe2", "answers": [{"text": "Writers Guild of America strike", "answer_start": 818}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The loss of viewers continued into season seven. The premiere was down 11% among total viewers, and the results show in which Kristy Lee Cook was eliminated delivered its lowest-rated Wednesday show among the 18\u201334 demo since the first season in 2002. However, the ratings rebounded for the season seven finale with the excitement over the battle of the Davids, and improved over season six as the series' third most watched finale. The strong finish of season seven also helped Fox become the most watched TV network in the country for the first time since its inception, a first ever in American television history for a non-Big Three major broadcast network. Overall ratings for the season were down 10% from season six, which is in line with the fall in viewership across all networks due in part to the 2007\u20132008 Writers Guild of America strike."}], ["Pertumbuhan terus ke musim depan, bermula dengan perdana musim sebanyak 26.5 juta. Musim ini menarik purata 21.7 juta penonton, dan diletakkan keseluruhan kedua di kalangan 18-49 kumpulan umur. Malam terakhir ketika Ruben Studdard memenangi Clay Aiken juga merupakan episode tertinggi American Idol yang dinilai tertinggi pada 38.1 juta untuk jam terakhir. Menjelang musim tiga, persembahan itu menjadi pertunjukan teratas dalam kedudukan demografi 18-49 yang dipegangnya untuk semua tahun berikutnya sehingga dan termasuk sepuluh musim, dan peringkat pertandingannya berada di peringkat pertama dalam penilaian keseluruhan negara. Menjelang musim empat, American Idol menjadi siri yang paling banyak ditonton di kalangan semua penonton di TV Amerika buat kali pertama, dengan purata penonton sebanyak 26.8 juta. Pertunjukan itu mencapai kemuncaknya dalam musim lima dengan bilangan purata 30.6 juta setiap episod, dan musim lima masih menjadi musim tertinggi dalam siri ini. <> Berapa ramai orang menonton episod pertama American Idols musim kedua? || 26,5 juta <> Berapa banyak orang yang menontonnya untuk menonton American Idol di musim kedua? || 21.7 juta <> Apakah peserta yang memenangi musim kedua American Idol? || Ruben Studdard <> Semasa musim apa American Idol menjadi pertunjukan tertinggi di semua demografi? || musim empat <> Musim mana American Idol yang ditonton oleh kebanyakan orang? || musim lima <> Berapa ramai orang menonton perdana musim kedua American Idol? || 26.5 juta <> Berapa ramai orang menonton purata untuk musim dua? || 21.7 juta <> Dengan apa musim Amerika Idol yang paling ditonton di TV? || empat", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people watched the first episode of American Idols second season? ", "id": "56d3863559d6e41400146633", "answers": [{"text": "26.5 million", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people on average tuned in to watch American Idol in its second season? ", "id": "56d3863559d6e41400146634", "answers": [{"text": "21.7 million", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What contestant won the second season of American Idol? ", "id": "56d3863559d6e41400146635", "answers": [{"text": "Ruben Studdard", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what season did American Idol become the highest rated show across all demographics? ", "id": "56d3863559d6e41400146636", "answers": [{"text": "season four", "answer_start": 588}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which season of American Idol was watched by the most people? ", "id": "56d3863559d6e41400146637", "answers": [{"text": "season five", "answer_start": 778}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people watched the second season premiere of American Idol?", "id": "56db419ee7c41114004b4fcb", "answers": [{"text": "26.5 million", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people watched on average for season two?", "id": "56db419ee7c41114004b4fcc", "answers": [{"text": "21.7 million", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what season was American Idol the most watched show on TV?", "id": "56db419ee7c41114004b4fcf", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 595}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The growth continued into the next season, starting with a season premiere of 26.5 million. The season attracted an average of 21.7 million viewers, and was placed second overall amongst the 18\u201349 age group. The finale night when Ruben Studdard won over Clay Aiken was also the highest-rated ever American Idol episode at 38.1 million for the final hour. By season three, the show had become the top show in the 18\u201349 demographic a position it has held for all subsequent years up to and including season ten, and its competition stages ranked first in the nationwide overall ratings. By season four, American Idol had become the most watched series amongst all viewers on American TV for the first time, with an average viewership of 26.8 million. The show reached its peak in season five with numbers averaging 30.6 million per episode, and season five remains the highest-rated season of the series."}], ["Sehingga 2013, alumni American Idol dalam kerjaya post-Idol mereka telah mengumpulkan lebih 59 juta album dan 120 juta perseorangan dan muat turun lagu digital di Amerika Syarikat sahaja. <> Berapa banyak album telah dijual oleh peserta Amerika Idol sehingga 2013? || 59 juta <> Berapa ramai yang telah dijual oleh peserta Amerika Idol sehingga 2013? || 120 juta <> Berapa banyak album yang telah diwakili oleh peserta Idol pada tahun 2013? || 59 juta <> Berapa banyak perseorangan dan muat turun digital yang telah dimiliki oleh peserta Idol pada 2013? || 120 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "How many albums have been sold by American Idol contestants up until 2013?", "id": "56d3895c59d6e4140014669d", "answers": [{"text": "59 million", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many single have been sold by American Idol contestants up until 2013? ", "id": "56d3895c59d6e4140014669e", "answers": [{"text": "120 million", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many albums have Idol contestants created as of 2013?", "id": "56db60b7e7c41114004b502b", "answers": [{"text": "59 million", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many singles and digital downloads have Idol contestants created as of 2013?", "id": "56db60b7e7c41114004b502c", "answers": [{"text": "120 million", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As of 2013, the American Idol alumni in their post-Idol careers have amassed over 59 million albums and 120 million singles and digital track downloads in the United States alone."}], ["Kejayaan besar dalam pameran dan hasil yang dihasilkannya adalah transformatif untuk Syarikat Penyiaran Fox. American Idol dan rakan-rakan bersaing Survivor dan yang Mahu Menjadi Jutawan dikreditkan sepenuhnya untuk memperluaskan pengaturcaraan televisyen realiti di Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 1990-an dan 2000-an, dan Idol menjadi siri televisyen primitif bukan-senario yang paling ditonton selama hampir sedekad, dari 2003 hingga 2012, memecahkan rekod pada televisyen Amerika Syarikat (didominasi oleh drama dan sitkom dalam beberapa dekad sebelumnya). <> Berapa tahunkah American Idol menunjukkan realiti tertinggi di televisyen? || 9", {"qas": [{"question": "For how many years was American Idol the highest rated reality show on television?", "id": "56d3883859d6e41400146678", "answers": [{"text": "9", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The enormous success of the show and the revenue it generated was transformative for Fox Broadcasting Company. American Idol and fellow competing shows Survivor and Who Wants to Be a Millionaire were altogether credited for expanding reality television programming in the United States in the 1990s and 2000s, and Idol became the most watched non-scripted primetime television series for almost a decade, from 2003 to 2012, breaking records on U.S. television (dominated by drama shows and sitcoms in the preceding decades)."}], ["Sebagai salah satu acara yang paling berjaya dalam sejarah televisyen A.S., American Idol mempunyai kesan yang kuat bukan hanya di televisyen, tetapi juga di dunia hiburan yang lebih luas. Ia membantu mencipta beberapa artis rakaman yang sangat berjaya, seperti Kelly Clarkson, Daughtry dan Carrie Underwood, serta yang lain-lain yang berbeza. <> Apa acara membantu melancarkan kerjaya Kelly Clarkson? || American Idol <> Apa acara membantu melancarkan kerjaya Carrie Underwood? || American Idol <> Apa acara membantu melancarkan kerjaya Daughtry? || American Idol", {"qas": [{"question": "What show helped launched the career of Kelly Clarkson? ", "id": "56d388cf59d6e41400146691", "answers": [{"text": "American Idol", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What show helped launched the career of Carrie Underwood? ", "id": "56d388cf59d6e41400146692", "answers": [{"text": "American Idol", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What show helped launched the career of Daughtry? ", "id": "56d388cf59d6e41400146693", "answers": [{"text": "American Idol", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history, American Idol has a strong impact not just on television, but also in the wider world of entertainment. It helped create a number of highly successful recording artists, such as Kelly Clarkson, Daughtry and Carrie Underwood, as well as others of varying notability."}], ["Kejayaan besar pertunjukan pada pertengahan tahun 2000-an dan awal tahun 2010 mencipta beberapa pertunjukan pertandingan nyanyian, seperti Rock Star, Nashville Star, The Voice, Rising Star, Sing Sing Off, dan The X Factor. Formatnya juga berfungsi sebagai pelan tindakan untuk rancangan TV yang tidak menyanyi seperti Dancing with the Stars dan So You Think You Can Dance, yang sebahagian besarnya menyumbang kepada landskap TV realiti yang sangat berdaya saing di televisyen Amerika. <> Apa rancangan tarian yang menampilkan selebriti telah dibantu oleh American Idol? || Menari dengan Bintang <> Apakah persembahan nyanyian yang lain sama dengan American Idol? || Suara", {"qas": [{"question": "What dancing show featuring celebrities has been helped by American Idol?", "id": "56d3889e59d6e41400146683", "answers": [{"text": "Dancing with the Stars", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another singing show similar to American Idol? ", "id": "56d3889e59d6e41400146684", "answers": [{"text": "The Voice", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The show's massive success in the mid-2000s and early 2010s spawned a number of imitating singing-competition shows, such as Rock Star, Nashville Star, The Voice, Rising Star, The Sing-Off, and The X Factor. Its format also served as a blueprint for non-singing TV shows such as Dancing with the Stars and So You Think You Can Dance, most of which contribute to the current highly competitive reality TV landscape on American television."}], ["Pertunjukan itu mendorong Fox untuk menjadi rangkaian TV AS nombor satu di kalangan orang dewasa 18-49, demografi utama yang dikagumi oleh pengiklan, untuk lapan tahun berturut-turut yang tidak pernah berlaku sebelum 2012. Kejayaannya juga membantu mengangkat penarafan rancangan lain yang dijadualkan di sekelilingnya sebagai House and Bones, dan Idol, selama bertahun-tahun, telah menjadi program televisyen primetime platform kuat Fox untuk mempromosikan acara hit pada 2010 (rangkaian yang sama) seperti Glee dan New Girl. Acara itu, pencipta Simon Fuller mendakwa, \"menyelamatkan Fox\". <> Selama berapa tahun Fox menjadi rangkaian tertinggi dengan dewasa muda kerana American Idol? || 8 <> Apakah rangkaian televisyen yang mula-mula menyiarkan pameran Glee? || Fox <> Apakah rangkaian televisyen yang asalnya menyiarkan rancangan House? || Fox <> Siapa yang membuat American Idol? || Simon Fuller", {"qas": [{"question": "For how many years was Fox the highest rated network with young adults because of American Idol? ", "id": "56d3887c59d6e4140014667b", "answers": [{"text": "8", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What television network originally aired the show Glee?", "id": "56d3887c59d6e4140014667c", "answers": [{"text": "Fox", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What television network originally aired the show House? ", "id": "56d3887c59d6e4140014667d", "answers": [{"text": "Fox", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created American Idol? ", "id": "56d3887c59d6e4140014667e", "answers": [{"text": "Simon Fuller", "answer_start": 495}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The show pushed Fox to become the number one U.S. TV network amongst adults 18\u201349, the key demographic coveted by advertisers, for an unprecedented eight consecutive years by 2012. Its success also helped lift the ratings of other shows that were scheduled around it such as House and Bones, and Idol, for years, had become Fox's strongest platform primetime television program for promoting eventual hit shows of the 2010s (of the same network) such as Glee and New Girl. The show, its creator Simon Fuller claimed, \"saved Fox\"."}], ["Penurunan berterusan mempengaruhi perubahan selanjutnya untuk musim ke-14, termasuk kehilangan Coca-Cola sebagai penaja utama pertunjukan, dan keputusan untuk menyiarkan satu pertunjukan dua jam setiap minggu semasa pusingan 12 teratas (dengan hasil dari gabungan minggu sebelumnya ke dalam persembahan prestasi, dan bukannya menunjukkan hasil yang berasingan). Pada 11 Mei 2015, sebelum musim keempat belas, Fox mengumumkan bahawa musim kelima belas American Idol akan menjadi yang terakhir. Walaupun perubahan ini, penarafan pameran akan menurun dengan lebih mendadak. Akhir musim keempat belas adalah finale paling rendah yang pernah ada, dengan purata hanya 8.03 juta penonton yang menonton perlawanan akhir. <> Syarikat minuman apa yang mengakhiri hubungannya dengan American Idol pada musim 14? || Coca-Cola <> Berapa ramai orang yang menonton American Idols finale pada musim 14? || 8.03 juta <> Selepas apa musim dibatalkan American Idol? || 15 <> Kapan Fox mengumumkan musim berikut akan menjadi Idol yang terakhir? || 11 Mei 2015 <> Berapa ramai orang yang menonton musim 14 musim? || 8.03 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "What drink company ended its relationship with American Idol during season 14?", "id": "56d3881459d6e4140014666d", "answers": [{"text": "Coca-Cola", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people watched American Idols finale in season 14?", "id": "56d3881459d6e4140014666f", "answers": [{"text": "8.03 million", "answer_start": 621}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After what season will American Idol be cancelled? ", "id": "56d3881459d6e41400146671", "answers": [{"text": "15", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Fox announce the following season would be Idol's last?", "id": "56db5db6e7c41114004b500a", "answers": [{"text": "May 11, 2015", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people watched the season 14 finale?", "id": "56db5db6e7c41114004b500b", "answers": [{"text": "8.03 million", "answer_start": 621}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The continuing decline influenced further changes for season 14, including the loss of Coca-Cola as the show's major sponsor, and a decision to only broadcast one, two-hour show per week during the top 12 rounds (with results from the previous week integrated into the performance show, rather than having a separate results show). On May 11, 2015, prior to the fourteenth season finale, Fox announced that the fifteenth season of American Idol would be its last. Despite these changes, the show's ratings would decline more sharply. The fourteenth season finale was the lowest-rated finale ever, with an average of only 8.03 million viewers watching the finale."}], ["Kesan American Idol juga sangat dirasai dalam teater muzikal, di mana banyak alumni Idol telah mencipta kerjaya yang berjaya. Kesan menarik bekas peserta kontes American Idol di Broadway telah diperhatikan dan mengulas. Penuangan seorang peserta Idol yang popular boleh menyebabkan jualan tiket meningkat dengan ketara. Alumni lain telah bekerja di televisyen dan filem, yang paling terkenal ialah Jennifer Hudson yang, atas cadangan jurulatih vokal Idol, Debra Byrd, memenangi peranan dalam Dreamgirls dan kemudian menerima Anugerah Akademi untuk persembahannya. <> Yang mana peserta American Idol memenangi Oscar untuk Dreamgirls? || Jennifer Hudson <> Pekerjaan apa yang dilakukan oleh Debra Byrd terhadap American Idol? || jurulatih vokal <> Dalam apa bidang industri hiburan mempunyai beberapa peserta Idol berjaya? || teater muzik <> Yang Idol memenangi Anugerah Akademi? || Jennifer Hudson <> Filem apa yang dilakukan Jennifer Hudson memenangi Anugerah Akademi? || Dreamgirls <> Siapa yang mencadangkan peranan untuk Hudon? || Debra Byrd", {"qas": [{"question": "Which American Idol contestant won an Oscar for Dreamgirls? ", "id": "56d3897859d6e414001466a1", "answers": [{"text": "Jennifer Hudson", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What job does Debra Byrd do on American Idol? ", "id": "56d3897859d6e414001466a2", "answers": [{"text": "vocal coach", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what area of the entertainment industry have some Idol contestants found success?", "id": "56db6122e7c41114004b502f", "answers": [{"text": "musical theatre", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Idol won an Academy Award?", "id": "56db6122e7c41114004b5031", "answers": [{"text": "Jennifer Hudson", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What film did Jennifer Hudson win an Academy Award for?", "id": "56db6122e7c41114004b5032", "answers": [{"text": "Dreamgirls", "answer_start": 495}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who recommended the role for Hudon?", "id": "56db6122e7c41114004b5033", "answers": [{"text": "Debra Byrd", "answer_start": 469}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The impact of American Idol is also strongly felt in musical theatre, where many of Idol alumni have forged successful careers. The striking effect of former American Idol contestants on Broadway has been noted and commented on. The casting of a popular Idol contestant can lead to significantly increased ticket sales. Other alumni have gone on to work in television and films, the most notable being Jennifer Hudson who, on the recommendation of the Idol vocal coach Debra Byrd, won a role in Dreamgirls and subsequently received an Academy Award for her performance."}], ["Kehilangan penonton terus ke musim 12, yang menyaksikan persembahan memukul beberapa seri rendah dalam demo 18-49. The finale mempunyai 7.2 juta penonton yang lebih sedikit berbanding musim sebelumnya, dan melihat kejatuhan 44% dalam demo 18-49. Penonton musim purata pada 13.3 juta, turun 24% dari musim sebelumnya. Musim ketiga belas mengalami penurunan besar dalam demografi 18-49, kejatuhan 28% dari musim kedua belas, dan American Idol kehilangan kedudukan 10 teratas dalam penarafan Nielsen menjelang musim televisyen 2013-14 untuk kali pertama sejak kemasukan ke ranking pada tahun 2003 akibatnya, walaupun seluruh siri setakat ini belum dijatuhkan dari kedudukan Top 30 Nielsen sejak penubuhannya pada tahun 2002. <> Berapa banyak orang pada musim purata menonton 12 American Idol? || 13,3 juta <> Selama musim apa American Idol jatuh dari sepuluh menunjukkan dalam peringkat? || 13 <> Kapan American Idol pertama ditayangkan di televisyen? || 2002 <> Akhir musim untuk musim 12 mempunyai bilangan penonton kurang daripada musim 11? || 7.2 juta <> Berapa ramai penonton menonton purata musim ini? || 13.3 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people on average watched season 12 of American Idol? ", "id": "56d3878f59d6e41400146667", "answers": [{"text": "13.3 million", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During which season did American Idol fall out of the top ten shows in ratings? ", "id": "56d3878f59d6e41400146668", "answers": [{"text": "13", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did American Idol first air on television? ", "id": "56d3878f59d6e41400146669", "answers": [{"text": "2002", "answer_start": 717}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The season finale for season 12 had how many fewer viewers than season 11?", "id": "56db5d64e7c41114004b5001", "answers": [{"text": "7.2 million", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many viewers watched on average this season?", "id": "56db5d64e7c41114004b5002", "answers": [{"text": "13.3 million", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The loss of viewers continued into season 12, which saw the show hitting a number of series low in the 18-49 demo. The finale had 7.2 million fewer viewers than the previous season, and saw a drop of 44% in the 18-49 demo. The season viewers averaged at 13.3 million, a drop of 24% from the previous season. The thirteenth season suffered a huge decline in the 18\u201349 demographic, a drop of 28% from the twelfth season, and American Idol lost its Top 10 position in the Nielsen ratings by the end of the 2013\u201314 television season for the first time since its entry to the rankings in 2003 as a result, although the entire series to date had not yet been dropped from the Nielsen Top 30 rankings since its inception in 2002."}], ["Pelbagai alumni American Idol telah berjaya dalam pelbagai carta rekod di seluruh dunia; di A.S. mereka telah mencapai 345 nombor pada carta Billboard dalam sepuluh tahun pertama. Menurut Fred Bronson, pengarang buku di carta Billboard, tidak ada entiti lain yang pernah mencipta sebagai artis pelukis dan album terlaris dan single. Pada tahun 2007, alumni American Idol menyumbang 2.1% daripada semua jualan muzik. Alumni mempunyai kesan besar ke atas radio; Pada tahun 2007, American Idol telah menjadi \"kuasa dominan di radio\" menurut presiden syarikat penyelidikan Mediabase yang memantau stesen radio Rich Meyer. Menjelang 2010, empat pemenang masing-masing mempunyai lebih daripada satu juta pusingan radio, dengan Kelly Clarkson memimpin bidang dengan lebih daripada empat juta putaran. <> Berapa banyak nombor tunggal Billboard yang dikeluarkan oleh peserta Amerika Idol dalam pertunjukan dekad pertama? || 345 <> Siapa presiden Mediabase? || Rich Meyer <> Siapa pemenang American Idol yang paling berjaya di radio pada 2010? || Kelly Clarkson <> Berapa banyak bilangan penyanyi Idol yang dicapai pada carta Billboard dalam sepuluh tahun pertama? || 345 <> Siapa yang menulis buku di carta Billboard? || Fred Bronson <> Berapa banyak peserta yang mempunyai sekurang-kurangnya satu juta radio berputar pada tahun 2010? || empat <> Berapa banyak pusingan radio yang dilakukan Kelly Clarkson pada tahun 2010? || lebih empat juta", {"qas": [{"question": "How many number one Billboard singles were released by American Idol contestants in the shows first decade? ", "id": "56d3893659d6e41400146697", "answers": [{"text": "345", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the president of Mediabase? ", "id": "56d3893659d6e41400146698", "answers": [{"text": "Rich Meyer", "answer_start": 607}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the most successful American Idol winner on radio as of 2010? ", "id": "56d3893659d6e41400146699", "answers": [{"text": "Kelly Clarkson", "answer_start": 688}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many number ones have Idol singers achieved on Billboard charts in just the first ten years?", "id": "56db5ff1e7c41114004b5021", "answers": [{"text": "345", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who authored books on Billboard charts?", "id": "56db5ff1e7c41114004b5022", "answers": [{"text": "Fred Bronson", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many contestants had at least one million radio spins by 2010?", "id": "56db5ff1e7c41114004b5024", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 628}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many radio spins did Kelly Clarkson have by 2010?", "id": "56db5ff1e7c41114004b5025", "answers": [{"text": "over four million", "answer_start": 726}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Various American Idol alumni had success on various record charts around the world; in the U.S. they had achieved 345 number ones on the Billboard charts in its first ten years. According to Fred Bronson, author of books on the Billboard charts, no other entity has ever created as many hit-making artists and best-selling albums and singles. In 2007, American Idol alums accounted for 2.1% of all music sales. Its alumni have a massive impact on radio; in 2007, American Idol had become \"a dominant force in radio\" according to the president of the research company Mediabase which monitors radio stations Rich Meyer. By 2010, four winners each had more than a million radio spins, with Kelly Clarkson leading the field with over four million spins."}], ["Ulasan awal bercampur dalam penilaian mereka. Ken Tucker dari Entertainment Weekly menganggap bahawa \"Sebagai TV, American Idol memang menghiburkan, sebagai muzik, ia adalah monsum yang tidak penting\". Walau bagaimanapun, yang lain berpendapat bahawa \"aspek yang paling menarik dalam siri ini adalah bakat asli yang diturunkan\". Ia juga digambarkan sebagai \"penyingkiran muzik yang sadis\", dan \"rompakan dalam penghinaan\". Aspek lain dalam persembahan telah menarik kritikan. Penempatan produk dalam pameran itu khususnya telah diperhatikan, dan beberapa pengkritik keras tentang apa yang mereka anggap sebagai pengiraan komersialnya yang jelas - Karla Peterson dari The San Diego Union-Tribune menuduh Amerika Idol adalah \"rakasa multimedia yang bersekutu\" yang \"diserap dosa kebudayaan kita yang ditimbulkannya dan meludahkannya dalam sekelompok kejahatan yang dibentuk kembali \". Keputusan untuk menghantar pemenang satu musim untuk menyanyikan lagu kebangsaan di Memorial Lincoln pada ulang tahun pertama serangan 11 September pada tahun 2002 juga tidak diterima ramai. Lisa de Moraes dari The Washington Post secara sedar bahawa \"Pengganas telah memenangi\" dan, dengan pidato di acara komersial dan proses pengundian, keputusan yang \"dapat mengubah tapak penting ini menjadi satu lagi cog di 'Great American Idol Marketing Mandala 'berada di tangan berjuta-juta gadis yang telah membuat American Idol melanda mereka dan sebilangan kecil geeks telefon semula yang telah menyiapkan sehingga 10,000 panggilan setiap minggu untuk peserta pilihannya (tetapi siapa, menurut Fox, sama sekali tidak menyusahkan hasilnya). \" <> Apakah penerbitan Ken Tucker berfungsi? || Hiburan Mingguan <> Apakah pemenang pertama American Idols menyanyi di Memorial Lincoln pada tahun 2002? || lagu kebangsaan <> Yang wartawan merasa Idol menghasilkan TV menghiburkan lebih daripada menghiburkan muzik? || Ken Tucker <> Penerbitan mana yang dilakukan oleh Tucker? || Entertainment Weekly <> Siapa yang memanggil American Idol sebagai rakasa multimedia? || Karla Peterson <> Di manakah pemenang satu musim menyanyikan lagu kebangsaan yang menerima kritikan besar? || Memorial Lincoln", {"qas": [{"question": "What publication does Ken Tucker work for? ", "id": "56d389a959d6e414001466a5", "answers": [{"text": "Entertainment Weekly", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did American Idols first winner sing at the Lincoln Memorial in 2002? ", "id": "56d389a959d6e414001466a7", "answers": [{"text": "the national anthem", "answer_start": 850}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which journalist felt Idol produced entertaining TV more than entertaining music?", "id": "56db61d2e7c41114004b5039", "answers": [{"text": "Ken Tucker", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which publication did Tucker work for?", "id": "56db61d2e7c41114004b503a", "answers": [{"text": "Entertainment Weekly", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who called American Idol a conniving multimedia monster?", "id": "56db61d2e7c41114004b503b", "answers": [{"text": "Karla Peterson", "answer_start": 586}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the season one winner sing the national anthem that received huge criticism?", "id": "56db61d2e7c41114004b503c", "answers": [{"text": "Lincoln Memorial", "answer_start": 877}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Early reviews were mixed in their assessment. Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly considered that \"As TV, American Idol is crazily entertaining; as music, it's dust-mote inconsequential\". Others, however, thought that \"the most striking aspect of the series was the genuine talent it revealed\". It was also described as a \"sadistic musical bake-off\", and \"a romp in humiliation\". Other aspects of the show have attracted criticisms. The product placement in the show in particular was noted, and some critics were harsh about what they perceived as its blatant commercial calculations \u2013 Karla Peterson of The San Diego Union-Tribune charged that American Idol is \"a conniving multimedia monster\" that has \"absorbed the sin of our debauched culture and spit them out in a lump of reconstituted evil\". The decision to send the season one winner to sing the national anthem at the Lincoln Memorial on the first anniversary of the September 11 attacks in 2002 was also poorly received by many. Lisa de Moraes of The Washington Post noted sarcastically that \"The terrorists have won\" and, with a sideswipe at the show's commercialism and voting process, that the decision as to who \"gets to turn this important site into just another cog in the 'Great American Idol Marketing Mandala' is in the hands of the millions of girls who have made American Idol a hit. Them and a handful of phone-redialer geeks who have been clocking up to 10,000 calls each week for their contestant of choice (but who, according to Fox, are in absolutely no way skewing the outcome).\""}], ["American Idol mempamerkan logo dan produk penajanya sejak tahun-tahun awal. Menjelang musim enam, Idol menunjukkan pelepasan produk sebanyak 4,349 mengikut Nielsen Media Research. Integrasi hiburan berjenama terbukti memberi manfaat kepada pengiklannya - mempromosikan pesanan teks AT & T sebagai cara untuk mengundi dengan jelas memperkenalkan teknologi ke dalam budaya yang lebih luas, dan Coca-Cola telah melihat ekuiti meningkat semasa persembahan. <> Perkhidmatan apa yang AT & T mempromosikan American Idol sebagai cara mengundi? || pemesejan teks <> Berapa banyak peletakan produk yang telah Idol ditunjukkan oleh musim enam? || 4,349", {"qas": [{"question": "What service did AT&T promote on American Idol as a way of voting? ", "id": "56d38c2d59d6e4140014670d", "answers": [{"text": "text-messaging", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many product placements had Idol shown by season six?", "id": "56db64e9e7c41114004b507d", "answers": [{"text": "4,349", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "American Idol prominent display of its sponsors' logo and products had been noted since the early seasons. By season six, Idol showed 4,349 product placements according to Nielsen Media Research. The branded entertainment integration proved beneficial to its advertisers \u2013 promotion of AT&T text-messaging as a means to vote successfully introduced the technology into the wider culture, and Coca-Cola has seen its equity increased during the show."}], ["Keistimewaan Coca-Cola PepsiCo enggan menaja American Idol pada permulaan persembahan. Apa yang Los Angeles Times kemudian menyebut \"kehilangan salah satu peluang pemasaran terbesar dalam satu generasi\" menyumbang kepada kehilangan pasaran saham Pepsi, menjelang 2010 jatuh ke tempat ketiga dari kedua di Amerika Syarikat. PepsiCo menaja versi American Cowell's The X Factor dengan harapan tidak mengulangi kesilapan Idolnya sehingga pembatalannya. <> Pengilang minuman utama mana yang memutuskan pada awal American Idol untuk tidak menjadi penaja? || PepsiCo <> Apa persembahan PepsiCo mula menaja dengan harapan tidak kehilangan peluang lain seperti American Idol? || The X Factor <> Syarikat soda mana yang tidak mahu menaja American Idol? || PepsiCo <> Dengan harapan tidak mengulangi kesilapan lain, yang menunjukkan penaja PepsiCo? || The X Factor <> PepsiCo jatuh ke tempat mana pada tahun 2010, yang sebahagiannya dikreditkan dengan menolak untuk menaja American Idol? || ketiga", {"qas": [{"question": "Which major drink manufacturer decided at the beginning of American Idol not to be a sponsor? ", "id": "56d38c6559d6e41400146711", "answers": [{"text": "PepsiCo", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What show did PepsiCo begin sponsoring in hopes of not missing another opportunity like American Idol? ", "id": "56d38c6559d6e41400146712", "answers": [{"text": "The X Factor", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which soda company did not want to sponsor American Idol?", "id": "56db6544e7c41114004b507f", "answers": [{"text": "PepsiCo", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In hopes of not repeating another mistake, which show did PepsiCo sponsor?", "id": "56db6544e7c41114004b5080", "answers": [{"text": "The X Factor", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "PepsiCo fell to what place by 2010, which is in part credited with refusing to sponsor American Idol?", "id": "56db6544e7c41114004b5081", "answers": [{"text": "third", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Coca-Cola's archrival PepsiCo declined to sponsor American Idol at the show's start. What the Los Angeles Times later called \"missing one of the biggest marketing opportunities in a generation\" contributed to Pepsi losing market share, by 2010 falling to third place from second in the United States. PepsiCo sponsored the American version of Cowell's The X Factor in hopes of not repeating its Idol mistake until its cancellation."}], ["Kejayaan alumni persembahan bagaimanapun telah membawa kepada penilaian yang lebih positif mengenai persembahan itu, dan persembahan itu digambarkan sebagai \"terbukti ia mempunyai cara yang sah untuk memilih bakat dan cara yang terbukti untuk menjual rekod\". Walaupun industri dibahagikan kepada kejayaan persembahan, kesannya dirasai sangat kuat dalam format muzik negara. Menurut seorang ketua CMT, mencerminkan kejayaan alumni Idol dalam genre negara, \"jika anda ingin mencuba dan mendapatkan cepat terkenal dengan pergi ke audisi panggilan ternak di TV, Idol semestinya kekal sebagai pilihan pertama bagi sesiapa,\" dan itu muzik negara dan Idol \"pergi bersama-sama dengan baik\". <> Genre muzik mana yang paling berjaya dari American Idol? || negara <> Genre mana yang merasai impak Idol yang paling? || muzik negara", {"qas": [{"question": "Which music genre has had the most success from American Idol? ", "id": "56d38a2359d6e414001466b9", "answers": [{"text": "country", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which genre has felt the impact of Idol the most?", "id": "56db6302e7c41114004b5055", "answers": [{"text": "country music", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The success of the show's alumni however has led to a more positive assessment of the show, and the show was described as having \"proven it has a valid way to pick talent and a proven way to sell records\". While the industry is divided on the show success, its impact is felt particularly strongly in the country music format. According to a CMT exec, reflecting on the success of Idol alumni in the country genre, \"if you want to try and get famous fast by going to a cattle call audition on TV, Idol reasonably remains the first choice for anyone,\" and that country music and Idol \"go together well\"."}], ["Sepuluh teratas (sebelas dalam sepuluh musim) melawat setiap akhir musim. Pada musim dua belas jelajah semifinalis yang memenangi sing-off juga ditambah untuk lawatan itu. Pop-Tarts Kellogg adalah penaja untuk tujuh musim pertama, dan Guitar Hero telah ditambah untuk musim tujuh pelancongan. Pretzel Chocolate Candies M & M adalah penaja musim sembilan lawatan. Lawatan lima musim adalah lawatan paling berjaya dengan jumlah lebih daripada $ 35 juta. <> Musim mana American Idol mempunyai keuntungan tertinggi dalam lawatannya? || musim lima <> Apa syarikat itu menjadi penaja dalam tur Amerika Idol pada musim kesembilannya? || Candid Chocolate Pretzel M & M <> Siapa yang telah ditambah dalam lawatan pada musim 12? || seorang separuh akhir yang memenangi singgah <> yang menaja tujuh lawatan pertama? || Kellogg's Pop-Tarts <> Who sponsored the tour kesembilan? || Candid Chocolate Pretzel M & M <> Mana yang paling berjaya dalam lawatan? || musim lima", {"qas": [{"question": "Which season of American Idol had the highest profit on its tour?", "id": "56d38cab59d6e41400146721", "answers": [{"text": "season five", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company was a sponsor of the American Idol tour in its ninth season? ", "id": "56d38cab59d6e41400146725", "answers": [{"text": "M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was added to the tour in season 12?", "id": "56db65ace7c41114004b5086", "answers": [{"text": "a semi-finalist who won a sing-off", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who sponsored the first seven tours?", "id": "56db65ace7c41114004b5087", "answers": [{"text": "Kellogg's Pop-Tarts", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who sponsored the ninth tour?", "id": "56db65ace7c41114004b5088", "answers": [{"text": "M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which was the most successful tour?", "id": "56db65ace7c41114004b5089", "answers": [{"text": "season five", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The top ten (eleven in season ten) toured at the end of every season. In the season twelve tour a semi-finalist who won a sing-off was also added to the tour. Kellogg's Pop-Tarts was the sponsor for the first seven seasons, and Guitar Hero was added for the season seven tour. M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies was a sponsor of the season nine tour. The season five tour was the most successful tour with gross of over $35 million."}], ["Ford Motor Company dan Coca-Cola adalah dua penaja pertama American Idol dalam musim pertamanya. Perjanjian penajaan kos sekitar $ 10 juta dalam musim satu, meningkat menjadi $ 35 juta pada musim 7, dan antara $ 50 hingga $ 60 juta pada musim 10. Penaja utama ketiga AT & T Wireless menyertai musim kedua tetapi berakhir selepas musim 12, dan Coca-Cola secara rasmi menamatkan penajaannya selepas musim 13 di tengah-tengah penarafan menurun Idol pada pertengahan tahun 2010. iTunes menaja pertunjukan sejak musim tujuh. <> Di mana musim Coca-Cola menjadi penaja American Idol? || musim pertama <> Di mana musim Ford Motor Company menjadi penaja American Idol? || musim pertama <> yang mana operator mudah alih menjadi penaja American Idol pada musim kedua? || AT & T Wireless <> Bilakah Coca-Cola berhenti menjadi penaja American Idol? || selepas musim 13 <> Di mana musim iTunes memulakan perkongsian dengan American Idol? || tujuh <> Berapakah kos setiap syarikat untuk musim pertama? || 10 juta <> Berapakah kos setiap syarikat pada musim 7? || 35 juta <> Siapa penaja ketiga terbesar? || AT & T", {"qas": [{"question": "In which season did Coca-Cola become a sponsor of American Idol? ", "id": "56d38c1059d6e414001466f9", "answers": [{"text": "season one", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which season did Ford Motor Company become a sponsor of American Idol? ", "id": "56d38c1059d6e414001466fa", "answers": [{"text": "season one", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which mobile carrier became a sponsor of American Idol in its second season? ", "id": "56d38c1059d6e414001466fb", "answers": [{"text": "AT&T Wireless", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Coca-Cola stop being a sponsor of American Idol? ", "id": "56d38c1059d6e414001466fc", "answers": [{"text": "after season 13", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which season did iTunes begin a partnership with American Idol? ", "id": "56d38c1059d6e414001466fd", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 492}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did it cost each company for the first season?", "id": "56db64ace7c41114004b5074", "answers": [{"text": "10 million", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did it cost each company in season 7?", "id": "56db64ace7c41114004b5075", "answers": [{"text": "35 million", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the third largest sponsor?", "id": "56db64ace7c41114004b5076", "answers": [{"text": "AT&T", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Ford Motor Company and Coca-Cola were two of the first sponsors of American Idol in its first season. The sponsorship deal cost around $10 million in season one, rising to $35 million by season 7, and between $50 to $60 million in season 10. The third major sponsor AT&T Wireless joined in the second season but ended after season 12, and Coca-Cola officially ended its sponsorship after season 13 amidst the declining ratings of Idol in the mid-2010s. iTunes sponsored the show since season seven."}], ["American Idol dicalonkan untuk Program Pertandingan Realiti Emmy yang Cemerlang selama sembilan tahun tetapi tidak pernah menang. Pengarah Bruce Gower memenangi Anugerah Primetime Emmy untuk Mengetepikan Luar Biasa Untuk Pelbagai, Siri Muzik atau Komedi pada tahun 2009, dan pameran memenangi Emas Seni Kreatif setiap tahun 2007 dan 2008, tiga pada tahun 2009, dan dua pada tahun 2011, serta Gabenor Anugerah pada tahun 2007 untuk edisi Idolnya Berikan Kembali. Ia memenangi Anugerah Pilihan Rakyat, yang menghormati budaya popular tahun sebelumnya yang dipilih oleh orang ramai, untuk pertandingan persaingan / realiti kegemaran pada tahun 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011 dan 2012. Ia memenangi Anugerah Pilihan Kritikan Pilihan pertama pada tahun 2011 untuk Pertandingan Realiti Terbaik. <> Berapa banyak pencalonan yang diterima oleh American Idol untuk Program Pertandingan Realiti Cemerlang? || 9 <> Apa pengarah memenangi Anugerah Emmy untuk karyanya mengenai American Idol? || Bruce Gower <> Berapa banyak jumlah Anugerah Emmy yang dimenangi oleh American Idol? || 8 <> Apa yang istimewa American Idol menerima Anugerah Gabenor pada tahun 2007? || Idol Memberi Kembali <> Berapa kali American Idol dicalonkan untuk Emmy? || sembilan <> Apakah anugerah American Idol untuk Idola Meninggalkan kerja amal? || Anugerah Gabenor pada tahun 2007", {"qas": [{"question": "How many nominations has American Idol received for Outstanding Reality Competition Program?  ", "id": "56d38b4e59d6e414001466d7", "answers": [{"text": "9", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What director win an Emmy Award for his work on American Idol? ", "id": "56d38b4e59d6e414001466d8", "answers": [{"text": "Bruce Gower", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many total Emmy Awards has American Idol won? ", "id": "56d38b4e59d6e414001466d9", "answers": [{"text": "8", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What American Idol special received a Governors Award in 2007?", "id": "56d38b4e59d6e414001466da", "answers": [{"text": "Idol Gives Back", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times was American Idol nominated for an Emmy?", "id": "56db635fe7c41114004b5059", "answers": [{"text": "nine", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What award did American Idol win for its Idol Gives Back charity work?", "id": "56db635fe7c41114004b505b", "answers": [{"text": "Governor's Award in 2007", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "American Idol was nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program for nine years but never won. Director Bruce Gower won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series in 2009, and the show won a Creative Arts Emmys each in 2007 and 2008, three in 2009, and two in 2011, as well as a Governor's Award in 2007 for its Idol Gives Back edition. It won the People's Choice Award, which honors the popular culture of the previous year as voted by the public, for favorite competition/reality show in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011 and 2012. It won the first Critics' Choice Television Award in 2011 for Best Reality Competition."}], ["Penguasaan American Idol dalam penilaian telah menjadikannya pertunjukan yang paling menguntungkan di TV A.S. selama bertahun-tahun. Acara ini dianggarkan menghasilkan $ 900 juta untuk tahun 2004 melalui jualan iklan TV, album, barangan dan tiket konsert. Menjelang musim tujuh, pertunjukan itu dianggarkan memperoleh pendapatan kira-kira $ 900 juta dari pendapatan iklannya sahaja, tidak termasuk tawaran penajaan tambahan dan pendapatan lain. Satu anggaran meletakkan jumlah pendapatan TV untuk lapan musim pertama Amerika pada $ 6.4 bilion. Penaja yang membeli pakej bersepadu sepenuhnya boleh menjangkakan pelbagai promosi produk mereka di persembahan, seperti penempatan produk, iklan dan promosi produk yang disatukan ke dalam pameran, dan pelbagai peluang promosi. Rakan kongsi promosi luar negara lain membayar hak untuk menampilkan penjenamaan \"Idol\" pada program pembungkusan, produk dan pemasaran mereka. American Idol juga bekerjasama dengan Disney dalam tema taman tema The American Idol Experience. <> Berapa banyak wang yang dibuat oleh American Idol pada tahun 2004? || $ 900 juta <> Berapa banyak wang yang dihasilkan oleh American Idol dari lapan musim pertama? || $ 6.4 bilion <> Apa nama daya tarikan Amerika Idol dengan Disney? || Pengalaman American Idol <> Berapa banyak wang yang dihasilkan oleh American Idol dari iklan pada musim ketujuh? || $ 900 juta <> Siapa yang menjadi rakan kongsi Idol untuk mencipta The American Idol Experience? || Disney", {"qas": [{"question": "How much money did American Idol make in 2004?", "id": "56d38b8959d6e414001466df", "answers": [{"text": "$900 million", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money did American Idol generate from its first eight seasons? ", "id": "56d38b8959d6e414001466e0", "answers": [{"text": "$6.4 billion", "answer_start": 479}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the American Idol theme attraction with Disney? ", "id": "56d38b8959d6e414001466e1", "answers": [{"text": "The American Idol Experience", "answer_start": 932}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money did American Idol generate from ads in its seventh season?", "id": "56d38b8959d6e414001466e2", "answers": [{"text": "$900 million", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Idol partner with to create The American Idol Experience?", "id": "56db63dbe7c41114004b5064", "answers": [{"text": "Disney", "answer_start": 896}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The dominance of American Idol in the ratings had made it the most profitable show in U.S. TV for many years. The show was estimated to generate $900 million for the year 2004 through sales of TV ads, albums, merchandise and concert tickets. By season seven, the show was estimated to earn around $900 million from its ad revenue alone, not including ancillary sponsorship deals and other income. One estimate puts the total TV revenue for the first eight seasons of American at $6.4 billion. Sponsors that bought fully integrated packages can expect a variety of promotions of their products on the show, such as product placement, adverts and product promotion integrated into the show, and various promotional opportunities. Other off-air promotional partners pay for the rights to feature \"Idol\" branding on their packaging, products and marketing programs. American Idol also partnered with Disney in its theme park attraction The American Idol Experience."}], ["American Idol menjadi siri paling mahal dalam rangkaian penyiaran untuk pengiklan mulai musim keempat, dan pada musim yang akan datang, ia telah memecahkan rekod dalam kadar pengiklanan untuk siri rangkaian perdana masa yang dijadualkan, menjual lebih dari $ 700,000 untuk slot 30 saat, dan mencapai sehingga $ 1.3 juta untuk perlawanan akhir. Harga iklannya mencapai puncak pada musim tujuh pada $ 737,000. Anggaran pendapatan lebih daripada dua kali ganda daripada $ 404 juta pada musim tiga hingga $ 870 juta pada musim enam. Walaupun ia merosot dari lapan musim ke depan, ia masih memperolehi lebih banyak daripada pesaing terdekatnya, dengan pendapatan pengiklanan mendahului $ 800 juta setiap tahun dalam beberapa musim yang akan datang. Walau bagaimanapun, penurunan tajam dalam penarafan pada musim sebelas turut mengakibatkan penurunan harga pengiklanan untuk musim dua belas, dan pertunjukan itu kehilangan kedudukannya sebagai pertunjukan yang paling mahal untuk pengiklan. Menjelang 2014, pendapatan iklan telah jatuh kepada $ 427 juta di mana tempat 30 saat menjadi kurang daripada $ 300,000. <> Di mana musim Amerika Idol menjadi pertunjukan yang paling mahal untuk iklan di televisyen? || musim keempat <> Berapakah jumlah iklan yang dibelanjakan untuk tempat iklan 30 saat pada musim empat musim Amerika Idol? || $ 1.3 juta <> Berapa banyak iklan yang dibelanjakan untuk iklan iklan selama 30 saat semasa American Idol pada tahun 2014? || kurang dari $ 300,000 <> Berapa banyak pengiklan yang menghabiskan masa iklan 30 saat semasa American Idol dalam musim ketujuh? || $ 737,000 <> Dengan apa musim Idol kos pengiklanan tertinggi semua pertunjukan? || empat <> Berapa banyak Idol mendapat pendapatan iklan sahaja untuk musim 8? || 800 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "In which season did American Idol become the costliest show for advertising on television? ", "id": "56d38bc459d6e414001466f1", "answers": [{"text": "season four", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot on the American Idol season four finale?", "id": "56d38bc459d6e414001466f2", "answers": [{"text": "$1.3 million", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot during American Idol in 2014? ", "id": "56d38bc459d6e414001466f3", "answers": [{"text": "less than $300,000", "answer_start": 952}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot during American Idol in its seventh season? ", "id": "56d38bc459d6e414001466f4", "answers": [{"text": "$737,000", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what season was Idol the  highest advertising cost of all shows?", "id": "56db6457e7c41114004b5069", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did Idol earn in ad revenue alone for season 8?", "id": "56db6457e7c41114004b506d", "answers": [{"text": "800 million", "answer_start": 626}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "American Idol became the most expensive series on broadcast networks for advertisers starting season four, and by the next season, it had broken the record in advertising rate for a regularly scheduled prime-time network series, selling over $700,000 for a 30-seconds slot, and reaching up to $1.3 million for the finale. Its ad prices reached a peak in season seven at $737,000. Estimated revenue more than doubled from $404 million in season three to $870 million in season six. While that declined from season eight onwards, it still earned significantly more than its nearest competitor, with advertising revenue topping $800 million annually the next few seasons. However, the sharp drop in ratings in season eleven also resulted in a sharp drop in advertising rate for season twelve, and the show lost its leading position as the costliest show for advertisers. By 2014, ad revenue from had fallen to $427 million where a 30-second spot went for less than $300,000."}], ["Sesetengah dalam industri hiburan kritikal terhadap aspek bintang dalam pertunjukan. Usher, seorang mentor dalam pameran itu, menyuarakan kehilangan \"bentuk seni sebenar muzik\", memikirkan bahawa menunjukkan seperti American Idol menjadikannya kelihatan \"begitu mudah supaya semua orang dapat melakukannya, dan itu boleh berlaku semalaman\", dan \" televisyen adalah pembohongan \". Pemuzik Michael Feinstein, ketika mengakui bahawa persembahan itu telah mengungkap artis yang menjanjikan, mengatakan bahawa American Idol \"tidak benar-benar mengenai muzik. Ini mengenai semua aspek buruk dari perniagaan muzik - kesombongan perdagangan, rasa ini 'Saya tahu apa yang akan buat orang ini bintang, artis sendiri tidak tahu. ' \"Itu American Idol dilihat sebagai landasan yang cepat untuk kejayaan para peserta telah menjadi punca kebencian bagi sesetengah industri. LeAnn Rimes, mengulas mengenai Carrie Underwood yang memenangi Anugerah Perempuan Terbaik di Anugerah Muzik Negara di atas Faith Hill pada tahun 2006, berkata bahawa \"Carrie tidak membayar yurannya cukup lama untuk mendapat penghormatan sepenuhnya\". Tema ini adalah tema yang sama seperti yang diutarakan oleh ramai orang lain. Elton John, yang telah muncul sebagai mentor dalam pameran tetapi menolak tawaran untuk menjadi hakim di American Idol, mengulas mengenai persembahan bakat secara umum, mengatakan bahawa \"terdapat beberapa tindakan yang baik tetapi satu-satunya cara untuk mengekalkan kerjaya ialah untuk membayar yuran anda di kelab-kelab kecil \". <> Apa penyanyi terkenal menolak tawaran untuk menjadi hakim di American Idol setelah menjadi mentor? || Elton John <> Tahun apa Carrie Underwood memenangi Anugerah Muzik Negara untuk Artis Perempuan Terbaik? || 2006 <> Apa penyanyi mengkritik Carrie Underwood untuk memenangi Anugerah Muzik Negara? || LeAnn Rimes <> Siapa yang merasakan bahawa American Idol membantu bentuk seni muzik yang benar hilang? || Usher <> Siapa yang memenangi Anugerah Perempuan Terbaik di Anugerah Muzik Negara pada tahun 2006? || Carrie Underwood <> Siapa yang Carrie berjaya mengalahkannya? || Faith Hill <> Siapa yang mengatakan bahawa Carrie tidak membayar iurannya untuk memenangi anugerah itu? || LeAnn Rimes <> Siapa seorang mentor tetapi kemudian menolak peluang untuk menilai Idol? || Elton John", {"qas": [{"question": "What famous singer declined an offer to be a judge on American Idol after having been a mentor? ", "id": "56d38a1559d6e414001466b3", "answers": [{"text": "Elton John", "answer_start": 1037}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Carrie Underwood win a Country Music Award for Best Female Artist? ", "id": "56d38a1559d6e414001466b4", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 891}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What singer criticized Carrie Underwood for winning a Country Music Award? ", "id": "56d38a1559d6e414001466b5", "answers": [{"text": "LeAnn Rimes", "answer_start": 777}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who felt that American Idol helped the true art form of music get lost?", "id": "56db62cce7c41114004b504b", "answers": [{"text": "Usher", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who won the Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards in 2006?", "id": "56db62cce7c41114004b504c", "answers": [{"text": "Carrie Underwood", "answer_start": 804}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Carrie beat out for the award?", "id": "56db62cce7c41114004b504d", "answers": [{"text": "Faith Hill", "answer_start": 877}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said that Carrie had not paid her dues to win that award?", "id": "56db62cce7c41114004b504e", "answers": [{"text": "LeAnn Rimes", "answer_start": 777}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was a mentor but later turned down the opportunity to judge Idol?", "id": "56db62cce7c41114004b504f", "answers": [{"text": "Elton John", "answer_start": 1037}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some in the entertainment industry were critical of the star-making aspect of the show. Usher, a mentor on the show, bemoaning the loss of the \"true art form of music\", thought that shows like American Idol made it seem \"so easy that everyone can do it, and that it can happen overnight\", and that \"television is a lie\". Musician Michael Feinstein, while acknowledging that the show had uncovered promising performers, said that American Idol \"isn't really about music. It's about all the bad aspects of the music business \u2013 the arrogance of commerce, this sense of 'I know what will make this person a star; artists themselves don't know.' \" That American Idol is seen to be a fast track to success for its contestants has been a cause of resentment for some in the industry. LeAnn Rimes, commenting on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards over Faith Hill in 2006, said that \"Carrie has not paid her dues long enough to fully deserve that award\". It is a common theme that has been echoed by many others. Elton John, who had appeared as a mentor in the show but turned down an offer to be a judge on American Idol, commenting on talent shows in general, said that \"there have been some good acts but the only way to sustain a career is to pay your dues in small clubs\"."}], ["Beberapa penulis kemudian mengenai rancangan itu lebih positif, Michael Slezak, sekali lagi dari Entertainment Weekly, menganggap bahawa \"untuk semua perisikan, sintetik, produk-shilling, ramuan membuat wang, Idol menyediakan peluang sekali setahun untuk purata Amerika untuk memerangi kejahatan perniagaan muzik hari ini. \" Penyanyi Sheryl Crow, yang kemudiannya bertindak sebagai mentor pada pameran, bagaimanapun berpendapat bahawa persembahan itu \"melemahkan seni dalam segala cara dan mempromosikan komersisme\". Pengkritik muzik Pop, Ann Powers, bagaimanapun mencadangkan bahawa Idol telah \"membentuk semula buku lagu Amerika\", \"membawa kita ke arah cara baru untuk melihat diri kita dalam hubungan dengan arus perdana budaya populer\", dan menghubungkan \"impian Hollywood klasik kepada budaya popular di masa depan . \" Orang lain memberi tumpuan kepada keperibadian dalam persembahan; Ramin Setoodeh dari Newsweek menuding kritikan hakim Simon Cowell dalam pertunjukan membantu mewujudkan dunia yang lebih luas budaya keburukan, bahawa \"Simon Cowell telah menyeret kita ke dalam lumpur dengannya.\" Sesetengah penyanyi seperti John Mayer merendahkan para peserta, yang menunjukkan bahawa mereka yang muncul di Idol bukan artis sebenar dengan rasa hormat diri. <> Apakah penerbitan yang ditulis oleh Michael Slezak? || Entertainment Weekly <> Siapa yang dituduh bermakna dan kejam pada American Idol? || Simon Cowell <> Apa penyanyi mempunyai perkara buruk tentang peserta mengenai American Idol? || John Mayer <> Apa majalah yang ditulis oleh Ramin Wetoodeh? || Newsweek <> Sheryl Crow merasakan pertunjukan yang melemahkan seni dan mempromosikan apa? || komersialisme <> Siapa kata bahawa American Idol telah mengubah bentuk buku lagu Amerika? || Ann Powers <> Siapa yang dituduh membantu membantunya? || Simon Cowell <> Penyanyi mana yang menyatakan bahawa para peserta bukan artis sebenar dengan rasa hormat diri? || John Mayer", {"qas": [{"question": "What publication does Michael Slezak write for?", "id": "56d389de59d6e414001466ab", "answers": [{"text": "Entertainment Weekly", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was accused of being mean and cruel on American Idol? ", "id": "56d389de59d6e414001466ac", "answers": [{"text": "Simon Cowell", "answer_start": 842}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What singer had bad things to say about contestants on American Idol? ", "id": "56d389de59d6e414001466ad", "answers": [{"text": "John Mayer", "answer_start": 1039}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What magazine does Ramin Wetoodeh write for? ", "id": "56d389de59d6e414001466ae", "answers": [{"text": "Newsweek", "answer_start": 819}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Sheryl Crow felt the show undermined art and promoted what?", "id": "56db6246e7c41114004b5043", "answers": [{"text": "commercialism", "answer_start": 448}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said that American Idol has reshaped the American songbook?", "id": "56db6246e7c41114004b5044", "answers": [{"text": "Ann Powers", "answer_start": 481}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was accused of helping meanness thrive?", "id": "56db6246e7c41114004b5045", "answers": [{"text": "Simon Cowell", "answer_start": 842}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which singer said the contestants are not real artists with self respect?", "id": "56db6246e7c41114004b5046", "answers": [{"text": "John Mayer", "answer_start": 1039}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some of the later writers about the show were more positive, Michael Slezak, again of Entertainment Weekly, thought that \"for all its bloated, synthetic, product-shilling, money-making trappings, Idol provides a once-a-year chance for the average American to combat the evils of today's music business.\" Singer Sheryl Crow, who was later to act as a mentor on the show, however took the view that the show \"undermines art in every way and promotes commercialism\". Pop music critic Ann Powers nevertheless suggested that Idol has \"reshaped the American songbook\", \"led us toward a new way of viewing ourselves in relationship to mainstream popular culture\", and connects \"the classic Hollywood dream to the multicentered popular culture of the future.\" Others focused on the personalities in the show; Ramin Setoodeh of Newsweek accused judge Simon Cowell's cruel critiques in the show of helping to establish in the wider world a culture of meanness, that \"Simon Cowell has dragged the rest of us in the mud with him.\" Some such as singer John Mayer disparaged the contestants, suggesting that those who appeared on Idol are not real artists with self-respect."}], ["Kedudukan bermusim (berdasarkan purata penonton setiap episod) dari American Idol. Ia memegang perbezaan yang mempunyai coretan pemenang terpanjang dalam penarafan televisyen tahunan Nielsen; ia menjadi penarafan tertinggi semua program televisyen di Amerika Syarikat secara keseluruhan untuk tujuh tahun berturut-turut, atau lapan berturut-turut (dan jumlah) tahun apabila sama ada persembahan atau menunjukkan hasilnya berada di kedudukan nombor satu secara keseluruhan. <> Berapa tahun berturut-turut adalah American Idol menunjukkan tertinggi? || tujuh <> Berapa tahun berturut-turut apakah prestasi atau keputusan menunjukkan nombor satu? || lapan", {"qas": [{"question": "How many consecutive years was American Idol the top rated show?", "id": "56db40d4e7c41114004b4fc0", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many consecutive years did either the performance or results show rank number one?", "id": "56db40d4e7c41114004b4fc1", "answers": [{"text": "eight", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of American Idol. It holds the distinction of having the longest winning streak in the Nielsen annual television ratings; it became the highest-rated of all television programs in the United States overall for an unprecedented seven consecutive years, or eight consecutive (and total) years when either its performance or result show was ranked number one overall."}], ["Peserta individu telah menimbulkan kontroversi dalam pertandingan ini untuk tindakan mereka yang lalu, atau sebagai 'penari' yang ditanam oleh pengeluar. Beberapa peserta telah didiskualifikasi atas pelbagai sebab, seperti mempunyai kontrak yang sedia ada atau rekod jenayah yang tidak didedahkan, walaupun pertunjukan itu telah dituduh menggunakan standard ganda untuk membatalkan penyenaraian tetapi bukan yang lain. <> Pengeluar telah dituduh menanam apa yang ada dalam acara itu? || deringan", {"qas": [{"question": "Producers have been accused of planting what within the show?", "id": "56db3f98e7c41114004b4fa7", "answers": [{"text": "ringers", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Individual contestants have generated controversy in this competition for their past actions, or for being 'ringers' planted by the producers. A number of contestants had been disqualified for various reasons, such as for having an existing contract or undisclosed criminal records, although the show had been accused of double standard for disqualifying some but not others."}], ["American Idol disiarkan ke lebih 100 negara di luar Amerika Syarikat. Di kebanyakan negara, ini bukan siaran langsung dan mungkin pita ditunda oleh beberapa hari atau minggu. Di Kanada, tiga belas musim pertama American Idol disiarkan secara langsung oleh CTV dan / atau CTV Two, di simulcast dengan Fox. CTV menjatuhkan Idol selepas musim ketiga belas dan pada Ogos 2014, Yes TV mengumumkan bahawa ia telah mengambil hak Kanada untuk American Idol bermula pada musim 2015. <> Berapa banyak negara yang berbeza menggunakan American Idol di televisyen? || lebih 100 <> Jaringan apa yang disiarkan American Idol tinggal di Kanada selama tiga belas musim? || CTV <> Dalam tahun apakah berhenti CTV mempamerkan siaran langsung American Idol? || 2014 <> Apakah rangkaian Kanada mula menayangkan American Idol pada tahun 2015? || Ya TV <> Berapa banyak negara yang menerima penyiaran Idol? || lebih 100 <> Siapa yang menyiarkan tiga belas musim pertama di Kanada? || CTV dan / atau CTV Two <> Siapa yang menyatakan pada bulan Ogos 2014 bahawa mereka mengambil hak yang bermula pada musim 2015? || Ya TV", {"qas": [{"question": "How many different countries air American Idol on television? ", "id": "56d38d9359d6e41400146757", "answers": [{"text": "over 100", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What network broadcasted American Idol live in Canada for thirteen seasons? ", "id": "56d38d9359d6e41400146758", "answers": [{"text": "CTV", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did CTV stop showing live broadcasts of American Idol? ", "id": "56d38d9359d6e41400146759", "answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Canadian network began airing American Idol in 2015? ", "id": "56d38d9359d6e4140014675a", "answers": [{"text": "Yes TV", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many nations receive the Idol broadcast?", "id": "56db6760e7c41114004b50ab", "answers": [{"text": "over 100", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who aired the first thirteen seasons in Canada?", "id": "56db6760e7c41114004b50ac", "answers": [{"text": "CTV and/or CTV Two", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who stated in August 2014 that they picked up the rights beginning in its 2015 season?", "id": "56db6760e7c41114004b50ae", "answers": [{"text": "Yes TV", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "American Idol is broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States. In most nations these are not live broadcasts and may be tape delayed by several days or weeks. In Canada, the first thirteen seasons of American Idol were aired live by CTV and/or CTV Two, in simulcast with Fox. CTV dropped Idol after its thirteenth season and in August 2014, Yes TV announced that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol beginning in its 2015 season."}], ["19 Rakaman, label rakaman yang dimiliki oleh 19 Entertainment, kini memegang hak untuk bahan fonografi yang dicatatkan oleh semua peserta. 19 pada asalnya bermitra dengan Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG) untuk mempromosikan dan mengedarkan rakaman melalui label RCA Records, Arista Records, J Records, Jive Records. Pada 2005-2007, BMG bekerjasama dengan Sony Music Entertainment untuk membentuk usahasama yang dikenali sebagai Sony BMG Music Entertainment. Dari 2008-2010, Sony Music mengendalikan pengedaran berikutan pengambilalihan BMG mereka. Sony Music telah bekerjasama dengan American Idol dan mengedarkan muziknya, dan Pada tahun 2010, Sony digantikan sebagai label muzik untuk American Idol oleh Rekod Interscope-Geffen-A & M UMG. <> Syarikat apa yang berhak kepada semua rakaman dari peserta di American Idol? || 19 Rekod <> Apa syarikat mengambil alih sebagai label muzik American Idols pada tahun 2010? || UMG <> Apa syarikat telah mengeluarkan muzik dari American Idol sebagai tambahan kepada Sony Music Entertainment? || BMG <> Siapa yang memiliki 19 Rekod? || 19 Hiburan <> Siapa yang memiliki hak untuk semua bahan fonografi yang dilakukan oleh para peserta? || 19 Rakaman <> Siapa yang 19 pada mulanya bermitra untuk mengedarkan rakaman? || BMG <> Siapa yang rakan BMG pada tahun 2005-2007? || Sony Music Entertainment <> Siapa yang menggantikan Sony pada tahun 2010 sebagai label muzik Idol? || Rekod Interscope-Geffen-A & M UMG", {"qas": [{"question": "What company has the right to all recordings from contestants on American Idol?", "id": "56d38d1a59d6e4140014673f", "answers": [{"text": "19 Recordings", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company took over as American Idols music label in 2010?", "id": "56d38d1a59d6e41400146740", "answers": [{"text": "UMG", "answer_start": 670}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company had released music from American Idol in addition to Sony Music Entertainment? ", "id": "56d38d1a59d6e41400146741", "answers": [{"text": "BMG", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who owns 19 Recordings?", "id": "56db66a2e7c41114004b5097", "answers": [{"text": "19 Entertainment", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who owns the rights to all phonographic material done by the contestants?", "id": "56db66a2e7c41114004b5098", "answers": [{"text": "19 Recordings", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did 19 initially partner with to distribute the recordings?", "id": "56db66a2e7c41114004b5099", "answers": [{"text": "BMG", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did BMG partner with in 2005-2007?", "id": "56db66a2e7c41114004b509a", "answers": [{"text": "Sony Music Entertainment", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who replaced Sony in 2010 as Idol's music label?", "id": "56db66a2e7c41114004b509b", "answers": [{"text": "UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records", "answer_start": 670}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "19 Recordings, a recording label owned by 19 Entertainment, currently hold the rights to phonographic material recorded by all the contestants. 19 originally partnered with Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG) to promote and distribute the recordings through its labels RCA Records, Arista Records, J Records, Jive Records. In 2005-2007, BMG partnered with Sony Music Entertainment to form a joint venture known as Sony BMG Music Entertainment. From 2008-2010, Sony Music handled the distribution following their acquisition of BMG. Sony Music was partnered with American Idol and distribute its music, and In 2010, Sony was replaced by as the music label for American Idol by UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records."}], ["Di Amerika Latin, pameran ini disiarkan dan diterbitkan oleh Sony Entertainment Television. Di Asia Tenggara, ia disiarkan oleh STAR World setiap Khamis dan Jumaat sembilan atau sepuluh jam selepas itu. Di Filipina, ia disiarkan setiap Khamis dan Jumaat sembilan atau sepuluh jam selepas tayangan Amerika Syarikat; dari 2002 hingga 2007 pada ABC 5; 2008-11 pada QTV, kemudian TV Berita GMA; dan sejak 2012 pada DLL. Mengenai sejarah televisyen Filipina. Di Australia, ia disiarkan beberapa jam selepas siaran A.S.. Ia disiarkan pada Network Ten dari 2002 hingga 2007 dan sekali lagi pada tahun 2013, dari 2008 hingga 2012 pada Fox8, dari musim 13 dan seterusnya ia disiarkan di saluran digital, Eleven, saluran kakak kepada Network Ten. Di United Kingdom, episod disiarkan satu hari selepas penyiaran A.S. di saluran digital ITV2. Pada musim 12, episod udara pada 5 *. Ia juga disiarkan di Ireland pada TV3 dua hari selepas siaran. Di Brazil dan Israel, persembahan itu disiarkan dua hari selepas siaran asalnya. Dalam keadaan di mana siaran ditangguhkan, pertunjukan kadang-kadang boleh digabungkan menjadi satu episod untuk meringkaskan hasilnya. Di Itali, musim ke-12 disiarkan oleh La3. <> Jaringan apa di Itali yang disiarkan di American Idol pada musim dua belas? || La3 <> Berapa harikah seseorang di United Kingdom harus menunggu untuk menonton American Idol selepas siaran asalnya? || satu <> Apakah rangkaian televisyen di Asia menunjukkan American Idol? || STAR World <> Pada hari-hari berapa minggu Amerika Idol udara di Filipina? || Khamis dan Jumaat <> Siapa yang menyiarkan Idol di Asia Tenggara? || STAR World <> Siapa yang menyiarkan musim ke-12 di Itali? || La3", {"qas": [{"question": "What network in Italy aired American Idol in season twelve? ", "id": "56d38dcc59d6e4140014675f", "answers": [{"text": "La3", "answer_start": 1116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many days does someone in the United Kingdom have to wait to watch American Idol after its original broadcast? ", "id": "56d38dcc59d6e41400146760", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 707}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What television network in Asia shows American Idol? ", "id": "56d38dcc59d6e41400146761", "answers": [{"text": "STAR World", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what days of the week does American Idol air in the Philippines? ", "id": "56d38dcc59d6e41400146762", "answers": [{"text": "Thursday and Friday", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who broadcasts Idol in southeast Asia?", "id": "56db67d3e7c41114004b50b3", "answers": [{"text": "STAR World", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who broadcast the 12th season in Italy?", "id": "56db67d3e7c41114004b50b7", "answers": [{"text": "La3", "answer_start": 1116}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Latin America, the show is broadcast and subtitled by Sony Entertainment Television. In southeast Asia, it is broadcast by STAR World every Thursday and Friday nine or ten hours after. In Philippines, it is aired every Thursday and Friday nine or ten hours after its United States telecast; from 2002 to 2007 on ABC 5; 2008\u201311 on QTV, then GMA News TV; and since 2012 on ETC. On Philippine television history. In Australia, it is aired a few hours after the U.S. telecast. It was aired on Network Ten from 2002 to 2007 and then again in 2013, from 2008 to 2012 on Fox8, from season 13 onwards it airs on digital channel, Eleven, a sister channel to Network Ten. In the United Kingdom, episodes are aired one day after the U.S. broadcast on digital channel ITV2. As of season 12, the episodes air on 5*. It is also aired in Ireland on TV3 two days after the telecast. In Brazil and Israel, the show airs two days after its original broadcast. In the instances where the airing is delayed, the shows may sometimes be combined into one episode to summarize the results. In Italy, the twelfth season was broadcast by La3."}], ["American Idol secara tradisinya telah merakam rekod studio mengenai persembahan para peserta dan juga penjualan coronation single untuk dijual. Untuk lima musim pertama, rakaman itu dikeluarkan sebagai album kompilasi pada akhir musim. Semua lima album ini mencapai sepuluh teratas dalam Billboard 200 yang menjadikan American Idol sebagai francais soundtrack paling berjaya dalam mana-mana filem atau rancangan televisyen. Bermula lewat dalam musim lima, persembahan individu dikeluarkan pada musim ini sebagai muat turun digital, yang pada mulanya hanya dari laman web rasmi American Idol. Pada musim tujuh, persembahan secara langsung dan rakaman studio telah disediakan semasa musim dari iTunes apabila ia menyertai sebagai penaja. Pada musim sepuluh rakaman studio mingguan juga dikeluarkan sebagai album digital kompilasi terus selepas malam persembahan. <> Bilakah iTunes menjadi penaja di American Idol? || Musim tujuh <> Berapa banyak musim yang dilakukan American Idol menyusun satu kompilasi hits pada musim-musim? || lima <> Apa syarikat telah mengeluarkan rakaman studio dari American Idol sejak musim tujuh? || iTunes <> Idol membebaskan kedua-dua persembahan serta apa yang dijual? || </ b> </ b> <b> Bagaimana rakaman dikeluarkan untuk lima musim awal? || sebagai album kompilasi <> Oleh kerana kesemua lima berada di tangga teratas sepuluh carta Billboard, ini menjadikan Idol apa? || francais lagu paling berjaya <> Yang menyertai Idol sebagai penaja dalam musim tujuh? || iTunes", {"qas": [{"question": "When did iTunes become a sponsor on American Idol? ", "id": "56d38cd959d6e41400146735", "answers": [{"text": "season seven", "answer_start": 591}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For how many seasons did American Idol put out a compilation of hits at seasons end? ", "id": "56d38cd959d6e41400146736", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company has released studio recordings from American Idol since season seven?", "id": "56d38cd959d6e41400146737", "answers": [{"text": "iTunes", "answer_start": 691}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Idol releases both the performances as well as what for sale?", "id": "56db6621e7c41114004b508f", "answers": [{"text": "the winner's coronation single", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How were the recordings released for the initial five seasons?", "id": "56db6621e7c41114004b5090", "answers": [{"text": "as a compilation album", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Because all five were in the top ten of Billboard's charts, this made Idol what?", "id": "56db6621e7c41114004b5091", "answers": [{"text": "the most successful soundtrack franchise", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who joined Idol as a sponsor in season seven?", "id": "56db6621e7c41114004b5092", "answers": [{"text": "iTunes", "answer_start": 691}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "American Idol has traditionally released studio recordings of contestants' performances as well as the winner's coronation single for sale. For the first five seasons, the recordings were released as a compilation album at the end of the season. All five of these albums reached the top ten in Billboard 200 which made then American Idol the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program. Starting late in season five, individual performances were released during the season as digital downloads, initially from the American Idol official website only. In season seven the live performances and studio recordings were made available during the season from iTunes when it joined as a sponsor. In Season ten the weekly studio recordings were also released as compilation digital album straight after performance night."}], ["Pada 14 Februari 2009, The Walt Disney Company memulakan kerjaya \"The American Idol Experience\" di taman tema Disney Studios di Disney di Walt Disney World Resort di Florida. Dalam pengeluaran langsung ini, dihasilkan bersama oleh 19 Hiburan, para tetamu taman memilih dari senarai lagu dan berdaftar secara persendirian untuk ahli cast Disney. Mereka yang dipilih kemudiannya dilakukan di atas panggung di teater 1000 tempat duduk yang mereplikasi set Idol. Tiga hakim, yang sikap dan gayanya meniru hakim-hakim Idol sebenar, mengkritik persembahan. Ahli-ahli khalayak kemudian mengundi para pelukis kegemaran mereka. Terdapat beberapa pertunjukan awal pada hari yang memuncak pada pertunjukan \"final\" pada waktu petang di mana salah satu pemenang pusingan sebelumnya hari itu dipilih sebagai pemenang keseluruhan. Pemenang pertunjukan peringkat akhir menerima \"Tiket Impian\" yang memberi mereka keistimewaan di hadapan pada mana-mana pameran American Idol masa depan. Daya tarikan ditutup pada 30 Ogos 2014. <> Apa syarikat mereka mempunyai tarikan taman yang dikenali sebagai American Idol Experience? || Walt Disney Company <> Pada tahun berapa Walt Disney Company membuka Pengalaman American Idol? || 2009 <> Dalam tahun apakah Syarikat Walt Disney menutup Pengalaman American Idol? || 2014 <> Syarikat apa yang mempunyai perkongsian dengan Syarikat Walt Disney untuk Pengalaman American Idol? || 19 Hiburan <> Bilakah Pengalaman American Idol dibuka? || 14 Februari 2009 <> Di mana ia dibuka? || Walt Disney World <> Apa yang dimenangi pemenang? || Tiket Impian <> Bilakah Pengalaman ditutup? || 30 Ogos 2014", {"qas": [{"question": "What company has a them park attraction known as The American Idol Experience? ", "id": "56d38d5a59d6e41400146747", "answers": [{"text": "The Walt Disney Company", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did The Walt Disney Company open The American Idol Experience? ", "id": "56d38d5a59d6e41400146748", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did The Walt Disney Company close The American Idol Experience? ", "id": "56d38d5a59d6e41400146749", "answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 956}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company had a partnership with The Walt Disney Company for The American Idol Experience? ", "id": "56d38d5a59d6e4140014674a", "answers": [{"text": "19 Entertainment", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the American Idol Experience open?", "id": "56db670ce7c41114004b50a1", "answers": [{"text": "February 14, 2009", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did it open?", "id": "56db670ce7c41114004b50a2", "answers": [{"text": "Walt Disney World", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the winner win?", "id": "56db670ce7c41114004b50a4", "answers": [{"text": "Dream Ticket", "answer_start": 821}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Experience close?", "id": "56db670ce7c41114004b50a5", "answers": [{"text": "August 30, 2014", "answer_start": 945}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On February 14, 2009, The Walt Disney Company debuted \"The American Idol Experience\" at its Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. In this live production, co-produced by 19 Entertainment, park guests chose from a list of songs and auditioned privately for Disney cast members. Those selected then performed on a stage in a 1000-seat theater replicating the Idol set. Three judges, whose mannerisms and style mimicked those of the real Idol judges, critiqued the performances. Audience members then voted for their favorite performer. There were several preliminary-round shows during the day that culminated in a \"finals\" show in the evening where one of the winners of the previous rounds that day was selected as the overall winner. The winner of the finals show received a \"Dream Ticket\" that granted them front-of-the-line privileges at any future American Idol audition. The attraction closed on August 30, 2014."}]], [["Kajian genetik kemudiannya menyokong anjing dan serigala kelabu yang membentuk dua klaksin monophyletik perempuan di dalam satu spesies, dan bahawa nenek moyang anjing dan serigala yang sama sudah pupus. <> Apa yang menunjukkan anjing dan serigala kelabu berkembang sebagai dua klasifikasi monophyletik? || kajian genetik <> Ramai yang biasa dengan anjing dan serigala yang ada kini dianggap apa? || pupus.", {"qas": [{"question": "What indicated dogs and gray wolves developed as two monophyletic clades?", "id": "56d4c2102ccc5a1400d831ee", "answers": [{"text": "genetic studies", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The common relative of dogs and existing wolves is now considered what?", "id": "56d4c2102ccc5a1400d831ef", "answers": [{"text": "extinct.", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Later genetic studies strongly supported dogs and gray wolves forming two sister monophyletic clades within the one species, and that the common ancestor of dogs and extant wolves is extinct."}], ["Anjing domestik (Canis lupus familiaris atau Canis familiaris) adalah jarahan yang telah dibiakkan secara selektif untuk beribu tahun untuk pelbagai kelakuan, keupayaan deria, dan sifat fizikal. <> Apakah tiga nama Latin nama untuk anjing peliharaan? || Canis lupus familiaris <> Apakah Canis familiaris? || anjing domestik <> Berapa lama anjing domestik telah dibesarkan secara selektif? || millennia <> Bersama dengan pelbagai kelakuan dan sifat fizikal, apakah anjing peliharaan yang dibesarkan? || keupayaan deria", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the three word Latin name for domesticated dogs?", "id": "56d47d7d2ccc5a1400d8314e", "answers": [{"text": "Canis lupus familiaris", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Canis familiaris?", "id": "56d99788dc89441400fdb580", "answers": [{"text": "domestic dog", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long has the domestic dog been selectively bred?", "id": "56d99788dc89441400fdb581", "answers": [{"text": "millennia", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with various behaviors and physical attributes, what were domestic dogs bred for?", "id": "56d99788dc89441400fdb582", "answers": [{"text": "sensory capabilities", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is a domesticated canid which has been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes."}], ["Anjing melakukan banyak peranan untuk orang, seperti memburu, penggembalaan, menarik beban, perlindungan, membantu polis dan tentera, persahabatan, dan, lebih baru, membantu individu cacat. Kesan ini terhadap masyarakat manusia telah memberikan mereka nama samaran \"sahabat lelaki\" di dunia Barat. Namun dalam sesetengah budaya, anjing adalah sumber daging. <> Apakah frasa yang paling biasa, atau nama samaran, yang digunakan oleh orang di Amerika Syarikat untuk menggambarkan anjing secara umum? || kawan terbaik lelaki <> Apa moniker telah diberikan kepada anjing dalam budaya Barat? || kawan terbaik lelaki <> Anjing adalah sumber dari apa dalam sesetengah budaya? || daging", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the most common phrase, or nickname, used by people in the United States to describe dogs in general?", "id": "56d4bb172ccc5a1400d83186", "answers": [{"text": "man's best friend", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What moniker has been given to dogs in Western cultures?", "id": "56d9984fdc89441400fdb592", "answers": [{"text": "man's best friend", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dogs are a source of what in some cultures?", "id": "56d9984fdc89441400fdb593", "answers": [{"text": "meat", "answer_start": 334}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname \"man's best friend\" in the Western world. In some cultures, however, dogs are a source of meat."}], ["Walaupun pada mulanya dianggap berasal dari varian buatan manusia yang terdapat pada spesis-spesis yang ada (yang dianggap sebagai dubur, serigala emas, atau serigala kelabu), kajian genetik yang luas yang dilakukan pada tahun 2010 menunjukkan bahawa anjing-anjing itu tersebar dari jarum seperti serigala yang telah punah Eurasia 40,000 tahun lalu. Menjadi haiwan ternama tertua, persatuan mereka yang lama dengan orang-orang telah membolehkan anjing menjadi unik sesuai dengan tingkah laku manusia, serta berkembang dengan diet yang kaya dengan kanji yang tidak mencukupi untuk spesies lain. <> Apa dekad yang mempunyai kajian gen gen yang penting untuk menentukan asal usul? || 2010s <> Ujian mengesan anjing hari ini mengesan kembali berapa tahun? || 40,000 <> Apa rantau di mana jejak keturunan anjing peliharaan? || Eurasia <> Jenis makanan apa yang boleh anjing anjing peliharaan moden berkembang dengan memakan anjing lain yang tidak boleh? || kaya dengan kanji <> Apa yang dilakukan pada tahun 2010 untuk menentukan di mana anjing berasal? || kajian genetik yang luas", {"qas": [{"question": "What decade had significant studies of dog genes to determine origins?", "id": "56d4a7a72ccc5a1400d83168", "answers": [{"text": "2010s", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Testing revealed today's dogs trace back by how many years?", "id": "56d4a7a72ccc5a1400d83169", "answers": [{"text": "40,000", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the region where domesticated dogs ancestry traces to?", "id": "56d4a7a72ccc5a1400d8316a", "answers": [{"text": "Eurasia", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of diet can modern domesticated dogs thrive eating that other dogs cannot?", "id": "56d4a7a72ccc5a1400d8316b", "answers": [{"text": "starch-rich", "answer_start": 462}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was undertaken in 2010 to determine where dogs originated from?", "id": "56d997d0dc89441400fdb590", "answers": [{"text": "extensive genetic studies", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago. Being the oldest domesticated animal, their long association with people has allowed dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior, as well as thrive on a starch-rich diet which would be inadequate for other canid species."}], ["Istilah \"anjing domestik\" biasanya digunakan untuk kedua-dua varieti buatan dan liar. Kata anjing Inggeris berasal dari bahasa Inggeris Tengah, dari Old English docga, \"baka anjing yang kuat\". Istilah ini mungkin berasal dari Proto-Germanic * dukk\u014dn, yang diwakili dalam finger-docce Bahasa Inggeris Lama (\"jari-otot\"). Perkataan itu juga menunjukkan nama petang yang biasa diminutif -ga juga dilihat dalam katak \"frogga\", picga \"babi\", stagga \"rusa\", wicga \"kumbang, cacing\", antara lain. Istilah anjing akhirnya dapat diperoleh dari kosa kata Proto-Indo-Eropah yang paling awal. <> Apakah perkataan Proto-Germanik yang \"anjing\" mungkin berasal? || dukk\u014dn <> Apa yang boleh menjadi perbendaharaan kata terawal bahawa perkataan \"anjing\" berasal? || Proto-Indo-European <> Dimana kata anjing berasal? || Old English docga <> Anjing juga boleh datang dari lapisan asal perbendaharaan kata apa? || Proto-Indo-Eropah", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Proto-Germanic word that \"dog\" may have come from?", "id": "56d4bc242ccc5a1400d8318b", "answers": [{"text": "dukk\u014dn", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What may be the earliest vocabulary that the word \"dog\" came from?", "id": "56d4bc242ccc5a1400d8318c", "answers": [{"text": "Proto-Indo-European", "answer_start": 521}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the word dog originate?", "id": "56d998c8dc89441400fdb597", "answers": [{"text": "Old English docga", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dog could also come from the original layer of what vocabulary?", "id": "56d998c8dc89441400fdb598", "answers": [{"text": "Proto-Indo-European", "answer_start": 521}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The term \"domestic dog\" is generally used for both of the domesticated and feral varieties. The English word dog comes from Middle English dogge, from Old English docga, a \"powerful dog breed\". The term may possibly derive from Proto-Germanic *dukk\u014dn, represented in Old English finger-docce (\"finger-muscle\"). The word also shows the familiar petname diminutive -ga also seen in frogga \"frog\", picga \"pig\", stagga \"stag\", wicga \"beetle, worm\", among others. The term dog may ultimately derive from the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary."}], ["Asal anjing domestik (Canis lupus familiaris atau Canis familiaris) tidak jelas. Penyelarasan genom keseluruhan menunjukkan bahawa anjing, serigala kelabu dan serigala Taymyr pupus telah diselewengkan pada masa yang sama 27,000-40,000 tahun yang lalu. Tarikh-tarikh ini menyiratkan bahawa anjing terawal timbul pada masa pemburu manusia-manusia dan bukan petani. Anjing moden lebih berkait rapat dengan fosil serigala purba yang telah ditemui di Eropah daripada serigala kelabu moden. Hampir semua anjing yang membiak 'kedekatan genetik kepada serigala abu-abu adalah disebabkan oleh campuran, kecuali beberapa baka anjing Artik yang hampir dengan serigala Taimyr di Asia Utara kerana campuran. <> Anjing moden mungkin bermula ketika manusia dianggap sebagai apa? || pemburu-pengumpul <> Oleh kerana campuran, apa spesies yang banyak anjing Artik berkaitan? || Serigala Taimyr dari Asia Utara <> Daripada dengan petani pertanian, anjing seolah-olah berada pada masa siapa? || pemburu manusia-pengumpul <> Kebanyakan baka berkongsi rupa genetik kepada haiwan apa? || serigala kelabu <> Beberapa baka Artik lebih seperti serigala daripada serigala kelabu? || Taimyr", {"qas": [{"question": "Modern dogs likely began when human beings were considered to be what?", "id": "56d4c3ba2ccc5a1400d831fd", "answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Due to admixture, what species are many Arctic dogs related to?", "id": "56d4c3ba2ccc5a1400d831ff", "answers": [{"text": "Taimyr wolf of North Asia", "answer_start": 606}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Rather than with agriculturists, dogs seemingly were during the time of who?", "id": "56d99c62dc89441400fdb5e2", "answers": [{"text": "human hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Most breeds share a genetic likeness to what animal?", "id": "56d99c62dc89441400fdb5e3", "answers": [{"text": "gray wolf", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some Arctic breeds are more like what wolf rather than the gray wolf?", "id": "56d99c62dc89441400fdb5e4", "answers": [{"text": "Taimyr", "answer_start": 606}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The origin of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is not clear. Whole genome sequencing indicates that the dog, the gray wolf and the extinct Taymyr wolf diverged at around the same time 27,000\u201340,000 years ago. These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gatherers and not agriculturists. Modern dogs are more closely related to ancient wolf fossils that have been found in Europe than they are to modern gray wolves. Nearly all dog breeds' genetic closeness to the gray wolf are due to admixture, except several Arctic dog breeds are close to the Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture."}], ["Dalam kalangan pembiakan, seekor anjing lelaki dirujuk sebagai seekor anjing, manakala seorang wanita dipanggil anjing betina (bicche Bahasa Inggeris Tengah, dari bahasa Inggeris Lama, akhirnya dari Old Norse bikkja). Sekumpulan keturunan adalah sampah. Ayah dari sampah dipanggil bapak, dan ibu dipanggil bendungan. Keturunannya, secara umum, dipanggil pups atau anak anjing, dari poup\u00e9e Perancis, sehingga mereka berusia kira-kira satu tahun. Proses kelahiran adalah, dari kata Inggeris hwelp Lama. <> Apakah kumpulan kelahiran anak anjing yang dipanggil secara kolektif? || sampah. <> Apakah lelaki yang dipanggil bapa? || sire <> Apakah perkataan Perancis yang berasal dari \"anjing\"? || poup\u00e9e <> Apa yang melahirkan anjing dipanggil? || whelping <> Apakah perkataan Inggeris untuk anjing betina yang juga menjadi pelacur? || anjing betina <> Anjing lelaki dipanggil seekor anjing manakala seekor anjing betina dipanggil apa yang merujuk kepada pembiakan? || Bitch <> Apa yang disebut sebagai anak anjing? || sampah <> Apakah bapa yang disebut sebagai sampah? || sire <> Apakah ibu dari sampah disebut sebagai? || empangan <> Apa yang dipanggil anjing-anjing sampah? || pups", {"qas": [{"question": "What are a single birth group of puppies of a dog called collectively?", "id": "56d4bdcd2ccc5a1400d831aa", "answers": [{"text": "a litter.", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the male who is father of the pups called?", "id": "56d4bdcd2ccc5a1400d831ab", "answers": [{"text": "sire", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the French word that \"puppy\" comes from?", "id": "56d4bdcd2ccc5a1400d831ac", "answers": [{"text": "poup\u00e9e", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is giving birth to dogs called?", "id": "56d4bdcd2ccc5a1400d831ad", "answers": [{"text": "whelping", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the English word for female dog that has also become profanity?", "id": "56d4bdcd2ccc5a1400d831ae", "answers": [{"text": "bitch", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A male canine is called a dog while a female canine is called a what in reference to breeding?", "id": "56d999dcdc89441400fdb5ae", "answers": [{"text": "bitch", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are canine offspring referred as?", "id": "56d999dcdc89441400fdb5af", "answers": [{"text": "litter", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the father of a litter referred as?", "id": "56d999dcdc89441400fdb5b0", "answers": [{"text": "sire", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the mother of a litter referred as?", "id": "56d999dcdc89441400fdb5b1", "answers": [{"text": "dam", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the individual litter canines called?", "id": "56d999dcdc89441400fdb5b2", "answers": [{"text": "pups", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in general, called pups or puppies, from French poup\u00e9e, until they are about a year old. The process of birth is whelping, from the Old English word hwelp."}], ["Pada abad ke-14 England, hound (dari Bahasa Inggeris Lama: hund) adalah kata umum untuk semua anjing domestik, dan anjing merujuk kepada subtipe hound, kumpulan termasuk mastiff. Adalah dipercayai bahawa jenis \"anjing\" ini begitu biasa, akhirnya ia menjadi prototaip kategori \"hound\". Pada abad ke-16, anjing telah menjadi kata umum, dan hound telah mula merujuk kepada jenis yang digunakan untuk memburu. Perkataan \"hound\" akhirnya diturunkan dari perkataan \"Proto-Indo-European\" kwon- \"anjing\". <> Apa kata umum abad ke-14 untuk anjing bagi mereka yang berbahasa Inggeris? || hound <> Apa jenis baka begitu produktif itu menjadi prototaip hound? || mastiff. <> Dalam abad apa \"hound\" mula hanya digunakan untuk anjing pemburu? || 16 <> Apakah istilah umum untuk semua anjing peliharaan di England pada abad ke-14? || hound <> Kapan kata anjing menjadi istilah umum untuk anjing? || Abad ke-16 <> Hound menjadi istilah untuk anjing yang melakukan apa aktiviti pada masa ini? || memburu <> Apa perkataan Proto-Indo-Eropah hound dari? || * kwon- \"anjing\"", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the common 14th-century word for dogs for those who spoke English?", "id": "56d4bcef2ccc5a1400d8319a", "answers": [{"text": "hound", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What breed was so prolific it became a prototype of hound?", "id": "56d4bcef2ccc5a1400d8319b", "answers": [{"text": "mastiff.", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did \"hound\" start to only apply to hunting dogs?", "id": "56d4bcef2ccc5a1400d8319c", "answers": [{"text": "16th", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the common term for all domesticated dogs in England during the 14th century?", "id": "56d99962dc89441400fdb5a6", "answers": [{"text": "hound", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the word dog become the common term for canines?", "id": "56d99962dc89441400fdb5a7", "answers": [{"text": "16th century", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Hound became the term for dogs who did what activity during this time?", "id": "56d99962dc89441400fdb5a8", "answers": [{"text": "hunting", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Proto-Indo-European word is hound from?", "id": "56d99962dc89441400fdb5a9", "answers": [{"text": "*kwon- \"dog\"", "answer_start": 468}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this \"dog\" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category \"hound\". By the 16th century, dog had become the general word, and hound had begun to refer only to types used for hunting. The word \"hound\" is ultimately derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *kwon- \"dog\"."}], ["Pada 2003, ICZN memerintah dalam Pendapatnya 2027 bahawa jika haiwan liar dan derivatif mereka yang dijinakkan dianggap sebagai satu spesies, maka nama saintifik spesies itu adalah nama saintifik haiwan liar. Pada tahun 2005, edisi ketiga Spesies Mamalia Dunia menegaskan Pendapat 2027 dengan nama Lupus dan nota itu: \"Termasuk anjing domestik sebagai subspesies, dengan dingo secara sementara berasingan - varian tiruan yang dibuat oleh pembiakan dan pembiakan selektif\". Walau bagaimanapun, Canis familiaris kadang-kadang digunakan kerana debat tatanama yang berterusan kerana haiwan liar dan domestik adalah entiti yang dikenali secara berasingan dan bahawa ICZN membenarkan pengguna memilih nama yang mereka boleh gunakan, dan beberapa penyelidik yang diiktiraf di peringkat antarabangsa lebih suka menggunakan Canis familiaris . <> Tahun berapa ia memutuskan bahawa jika serigala dan anjing adalah satu spesies, maka nama ilmiah mereka adalah nama varieti liar? || 2003 <> Apa penerbitan 2005 dalam edisi ke-3nya yang disimpan dalam keputusan itu? || Spesies Mamalia Dunia <> Apakah istilah anjing latin masih digunakan kerana anjing liar dan yang dipelihara berbeza-beza? || Canis familiaris. <> Apakah badan rasmi yang mengiktiraf kedua-dua Canis lupus dan Canis familiaris? || ICZN <> Banyak penyelidik memilih istilah apa? || Canis familiaris. <> Yang memerintah pada tahun 2003 bahawa nama saintifik untuk haiwan liar berkongsi nama ilmiah yang sama dengan rakan-rakan dalam negeri mereka? || ICZN <> Apakah keputusan ini dipanggil? || Pendapat 2027", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was it decided that if wolves and dogs were one species, then their scientific name is the name of the wild variety?", "id": "56d4c13d2ccc5a1400d831d2", "answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What 2005 publication in its third edition kept to that ruling?", "id": "56d4c13d2ccc5a1400d831d3", "answers": [{"text": "Mammal Species of the World", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Latin dog term is still used because wild and domesticated dogs are recognizably different?", "id": "56d4c13d2ccc5a1400d831d4", "answers": [{"text": "Canis familiaris.", "answer_start": 775}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What official body recognizes both Canis lupus and Canis familiaris?", "id": "56d4c13d2ccc5a1400d831d5", "answers": [{"text": "ICZN", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Many researchers prefer what term?", "id": "56d4c13d2ccc5a1400d831d6", "answers": [{"text": "Canis familiaris.", "answer_start": 775}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ruled in 2003 that scientific names for wild animals share the same scientific name as their domestic counterparts?", "id": "56d99b58dc89441400fdb5c2", "answers": [{"text": "ICZN", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was this decision called?", "id": "56d99b58dc89441400fdb5c3", "answers": [{"text": "Opinion 2027", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the note: \"Includes the domestic dog as a subspecies, with the dingo provisionally separate - artificial variants created by domestication and selective breeding\". However, Canis familiaris is sometimes used due to an ongoing nomenclature debate because wild and domestic animals are separately recognizable entities and that the ICZN allowed users a choice as to which name they could use, and a number of internationally recognized researchers prefer to use Canis familiaris."}], ["Pada 1758, ahli taksonomi Linnaeus menerbitkan dalam Systema Naturae suatu pengkategorian spesies yang termasuk spesies Canis. Canis adalah perkataan Latin yang bermaksud anjing, dan senarai itu termasuk karnivor seperti anjing: anjing domestik, serigala, rubah dan serigala. Anjing itu dikelaskan sebagai Canis familiaris, yang bermaksud \"anjing keluarga\" atau anjing keluarga. Pada halaman berikutnya dia mencatatkan serigala sebagai Canis lupus, yang bermaksud \"anjing serigala\". Pada tahun 1978, tinjauan yang bertujuan untuk mengurangkan bilangan spesies Canis yang diiktiraf mencadangkan bahawa \"Canis dingo kini pada umumnya dianggap sebagai anjing anjing liar yang tersendiri. Canis familiaris digunakan untuk anjing peliharaan, walaupun secara taksonominya mungkin sinonim dengan Canis lupus. Pada tahun 1982, edisi pertama Spesies Mamalia Dunia yang disenaraikan Canis familiaris di bawah Canis lupus dengan komen: \"Mungkin leluhur dan spesifik dengan anjing domestik, familiaris. Canis familiaris mempunyai keutamaan halaman atas Canis lupus, tetapi kedua-duanya diterbitkan serentak dalam Linnaeus (1758), dan Canis lupus telah digunakan secara universal untuk spesies ini \", yang mengelakkan mengklasifikasikan serigala sebagai anjing keluarga. Anjing ini kini disenaraikan di kalangan subspesies Latin bernama Canis lupus seperti Canis lupus familiaris. <> Apakah istilah Latin untuk \"anjing.?\" || Canis <> Tahun berapa anjing disenaraikan dalam Systema Naturae? || 1758 <> Siapa yang menerbitkan Systema Naturae? || Linnaeus <> Apakah perkataan Inggeris tunggal tunggal untuk Canis lupus? || serigala <> Apa 1982 penerbitan yang disenaraikan anjing keluarga tetap di bawah serigala? || Spesies Mamalia Dunia <> Apakah perkataan Latin untuk anjing? || Canis <> Canis familiaris adalah klasifikasi untuk anjing, dan dikenali sebagai apa? || anjing keluarga <> Apakah nama Latin untuk serigala? || Canis lupus <> anjing liar mempunyai klasifikasi Latin apa? || Canis dingo <> Berapa tahun Canis familiaris disenaraikan di bawah Canis lupus? || 1982", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Latin term for \"dog.?\"", "id": "56d4befa2ccc5a1400d831b4", "answers": [{"text": "Canis", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year are dogs first listed in Systema Naturae?", "id": "56d4befa2ccc5a1400d831b5", "answers": [{"text": "1758", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who published Systema Naturae?", "id": "56d4befa2ccc5a1400d831b6", "answers": [{"text": "Linnaeus", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the modern single English word for Canis lupus?", "id": "56d4befa2ccc5a1400d831b7", "answers": [{"text": "wolf", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What 1982 publication listed regular family dogs under wolves?", "id": "56d4befa2ccc5a1400d831b8", "answers": [{"text": "Mammal Species of the World", "answer_start": 731}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Latin word for dog?", "id": "56d99aa4dc89441400fdb5b8", "answers": [{"text": "Canis", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Canis familiaris is the classification for dogs, and is known as what?", "id": "56d99aa4dc89441400fdb5b9", "answers": [{"text": "family dog", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Latin name for a wolf?", "id": "56d99aa4dc89441400fdb5ba", "answers": [{"text": "Canis lupus", "answer_start": 380}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Feral dogs have what Latin classification?", "id": "56d99aa4dc89441400fdb5bb", "answers": [{"text": "Canis dingo", "answer_start": 507}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Canis familiaris listed under Canis lupus?", "id": "56d99aa4dc89441400fdb5bc", "answers": [{"text": "1982", "answer_start": 704}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means \"Dog-family\" or the family dog. On the next page he recorded the wolf as Canis lupus, which means \"Dog-wolf\". In 1978, a review aimed at reducing the number of recognized Canis species proposed that \"Canis dingo is now generally regarded as a distinctive feral domestic dog. Canis familiaris is used for domestic dogs, although taxonomically it should probably be synonymous with Canis lupus.\" In 1982, the first edition of Mammal Species of the World listed Canis familiaris under Canis lupus with the comment: \"Probably ancestor of and conspecific with the domestic dog, familiaris. Canis familiaris has page priority over Canis lupus, but both were published simultaneously in Linnaeus (1758), and Canis lupus has been universally used for this species\", which avoided classifying the wolf as the family dog. The dog is now listed among the many other Latin-named subspecies of Canis lupus as Canis lupus familiaris."}], ["Jangka hayat anjing secara umum berbeza-beza di kalangan baka, tetapi bagi kebanyakan umur panjang median, usia di mana separuh anjing dalam populasi telah mati dan separuh masih hidup, berkisar antara 10 hingga 13 tahun. Anjing individu mungkin hidup jauh melebihi median baka mereka. <> Apakah jangka hayat median canine? || 10 hingga 13 tahun.", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the median lifespan of canines?", "id": "56d5cc661c85041400946de2", "answers": [{"text": "10 to 13 years.", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The typical lifespan of dogs varies widely among breeds, but for most the median longevity, the age at which half the dogs in a population have died and half are still alive, ranges from 10 to 13 years. Individual dogs may live well beyond the median of their breed."}], ["Pada tahun 2013, satu kajian mendapati bahawa baka campuran hidup secara purata 1.2 tahun lebih panjang daripada baka tulen, dan berat badan yang semakin meningkat itu berkait rapat dengan panjang umur (iaitu berat anjing yang lebih pendek jangka hayatnya). <> Mutts, anjing yang mempunyai ciri-ciri beberapa baka, hidup berapa lama daripada anjing tulen? || 1.2 tahun <> Adakah anjing yang lebih besar biasanya mempunyai kehidupan yang lebih lama atau lebih pendek? || pendek <> Apabila satu kajian dilakukan yang menemui baka bercampur cenderung hidup lebih lama daripada baka murni? || 2013 <> Biasanya, berapa lama lagi baka bercampur hidup? || 1.2 tahun lagi", {"qas": [{"question": "Mutts, dogs that have several breed characteristics, live how much longer than purebred dogs?", "id": "56d5cba21c85041400946dde", "answers": [{"text": "1.2 years", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Do bigger dogs typically have longer or shorter lives?", "id": "56d5cba21c85041400946ddf", "answers": [{"text": "shorter", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was a study done that discovered mixed breeds tend to live longer than pure breeds?", "id": "56d9a21edc89441400fdb65a", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Typically, how much longer do mixed breeds live?", "id": "56d9a21edc89441400fdb65b", "answers": [{"text": "1.2 years longer", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds, and that increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity (i.e. the heavier the dog the shorter its lifespan)."}], ["Kotoran anjing dalam negeri terdiri dari dua jenis: \"double\" yang biasa dengan anjing (dan juga serigala) yang berasal dari iklim yang lebih sejuk, terdiri daripada rambut penjaga yang kasar dan bulu lembut, atau \"tunggal\", dengan topcoat sahaja . <> Kot kot mana yang lebih biasa dengan anjing yang tinggal di iklim yang lebih sejuk? || dobel <> Bersama dengan rambut penjaga gruff, apa lagi yang membentuk lapisan ganda? || lembut rambut <> Apa kot yang lebih umum untuk anjing dari iklim yang lebih sejuk? || dobel <> Apa mantel tunggal? || topcoat sahaja", {"qas": [{"question": "Which coat is more common with dogs living in colder climates?", "id": "56d5aeea1c85041400946db3", "answers": [{"text": "double", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with a gruff guard hair, what else makes up the double coat?", "id": "56d5aeea1c85041400946db4", "answers": [{"text": "soft down hair", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the more common coat for dogs from colder climates?", "id": "56d99dcfdc89441400fdb608", "answers": [{"text": "double", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a single coat?", "id": "56d99dcfdc89441400fdb609", "answers": [{"text": "topcoat only", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: \"double\" being common with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or \"single\", with the topcoat only."}], ["Terdapat banyak bentuk yang berbeza untuk ekor anjing: lurus, terus lurus, sabit, bergulung, atau gabus-skru. Seperti kebanyakan canids, salah satu fungsi utama ekor anjing adalah untuk menyampaikan keadaan emosi mereka, yang boleh menjadi penting untuk bersaing dengan orang lain. Dalam sesetengah anjing memburu, ekor secara tradisinya dihalang untuk mengelakkan kecederaan. Dalam beberapa baka, seperti Braque du Bourbonnais, anak anjing boleh dilahirkan dengan ekor pendek atau ekor tidak sama sekali. <> Apa bahagian anjing yang boleh lurus, keriting atau gabus? || ekor <> Apa anjing berkomunikasi dengan ekornya? || keadaan emosi <> Apa bahagian anjing boleh lurus, bergulung, atau gabus? || ekor", {"qas": [{"question": "What part of a dog can be straight, curly or cork-screwed?", "id": "56d5afb81c85041400946dc2", "answers": [{"text": "tails", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does a dog communicate with its tail?", "id": "56d5afb81c85041400946dc3", "answers": [{"text": "emotional state", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of a dog can be straight, curled, or cork-screwed?", "id": "56d99ea7dc89441400fdb620", "answers": [{"text": "tails", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are many different shapes for dog tails: straight, straight up, sickle, curled, or cork-screw. As with many canids, one of the primary functions of a dog's tail is to communicate their emotional state, which can be important in getting along with others. In some hunting dogs, however, the tail is traditionally docked to avoid injuries. In some breeds, such as the Braque du Bourbonnais, puppies can be born with a short tail or no tail at all."}], ["Anjing sangat berubah dalam ketinggian dan berat badan. Anjing dewasa terkecil ialah Yorkshire Terrier, yang hanya berjejer 6.3 cm (2.5 inci) di bahu, panjang 9.5 cm (3.7 inci) di sepanjang kepala dan badan, dan beratnya hanya 113 gram (4.0 oz). Anjing terbesar dikenali adalah Mastiff Bahasa Inggeris yang menimbang 155.6 kg (343 lb) dan 250 cm (98 in) dari moncong ke ekor. Anjing tertinggi ialah Great Dane yang berdiri 106.7 cm (42.0 in) di bahu. <> Anjing menunjukkan rangkaian yang melampau dalam apa dua ciri? || tinggi dan berat. <> Apa jenis baka yang terbesar yang diketahui tinggal? || Bahasa Inggeris Mastiff <> Apakah anjing yang paling terkenal? || Mastiff Bahasa Inggeris", {"qas": [{"question": "Dogs show an extreme range in what two characteristics?", "id": "56d4d4b82ccc5a1400d8327c", "answers": [{"text": "height and weight.", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What breed was the largest dog known to have lived?", "id": "56d4d4b82ccc5a1400d8327f", "answers": [{"text": "English Mastiff", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the biggest known dog?", "id": "56d99d69dc89441400fdb5f4", "answers": [{"text": "English Mastiff", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Dogs are highly variable in height and weight. The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier, that stood only 6.3 cm (2.5 in) at the shoulder, 9.5 cm (3.7 in) in length along the head-and-body, and weighed only 113 grams (4.0 oz). The largest known dog was an English Mastiff which weighed 155.6 kg (343 lb) and was 250 cm (98 in) from the snout to the tail. The tallest dog is a Great Dane that stands 106.7 cm (42.0 in) at the shoulder."}], ["Baka dengan jangka hayat terpendek (di kalangan baka yang terdapat kaji selidik kuesioner dengan ukuran sampel yang munasabah) ialah Dogue de Bordeaux, dengan usia panjang median kira-kira 5.2 tahun, tetapi beberapa baka termasuk Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, dan Irish Wolfhounds hampir sekejap, dengan umur panjang median 6 hingga 7 tahun. <> Apakah baka anjing dengan jangka hayat median pendek? || Dogue de Bordeaux <> Berapa lama umur median untuk baka anjing yang hidup paling sedikit tahun? || 5.2 tahun <> Berapa jangka hayat purata dari Wolfhound Ireland? || 6 hingga 7 tahun. <> Mana anjing yang mempunyai jangka hayat terpendek? || Dogue de Bordeaux <> Apakah jangka hayat purata untuk Dogue de Borddeaux? || 5.2 tahun", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the canine breed with shortest median lifespan?", "id": "56d5cd181c85041400946de4", "answers": [{"text": "Dogue de Bordeaux", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the median length of life for the canine breed that lives the least amount of years?", "id": "56d5cd181c85041400946de5", "answers": [{"text": "5.2 years", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average lifespan of an Irish Wolfhound?", "id": "56d5cd181c85041400946de6", "answers": [{"text": "6 to 7 years.", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which dog has the shortest lifespan?", "id": "56d9a294dc89441400fdb662", "answers": [{"text": "Dogue de Bordeaux", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average lifespan for a Dogue de Borddeaux?", "id": "56d9a294dc89441400fdb663", "answers": [{"text": "5.2 years", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived, with median longevities of 6 to 7 years."}], ["Anjing-anjing dalam negeri sering memaparkan sisa-sisa kaunter, pola corak semulajadi biasa. Haiwan yang diimbangi akan mempunyai pewarna gelap di permukaan atas dan pewarna cahaya di bawah, yang mengurangkan penglihatan umum. Oleh itu, banyak baka akan mempunyai kadang-kadang \"api\", jalur, atau \"bintang\" bulu putih di dada mereka atau di bawah. <> Apabila anjing mempunyai corak penyamaran pada mantelnya, ini dipanggil apa? || countershading <> Anjing dengan countershading mempunyai pewarna gelap di mana? || permukaan atas <> Corak camo semulajadi dikenali sebagai apa? || countershading <> Apa warna di atas permukaan anjing jika ia telah mengatasi? || pewarna gelap <> Apa yang dikurangkan apabila anjing telah mengimbangi? || penglihatan", {"qas": [{"question": "When a dog has a camouflage pattern on its coat, this is called what?", "id": "56d5af531c85041400946dba", "answers": [{"text": "countershading", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A dog with countershading has dark coloring where?", "id": "56d5af531c85041400946dbb", "answers": [{"text": "upper surfaces", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A natural camo pattern is known as what?", "id": "56d99e45dc89441400fdb60e", "answers": [{"text": "countershading", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What color is on a dogs upper surfaces if it has countershading?", "id": "56d99e45dc89441400fdb60f", "answers": [{"text": "dark coloring", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is reduced when a dog has countershading?", "id": "56d99e45dc89441400fdb610", "answers": [{"text": "visibility", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Domestic dogs often display the remnants of countershading, a common natural camouflage pattern. A countershaded animal will have dark coloring on its upper surfaces and light coloring below, which reduces its general visibility. Thus, many breeds will have an occasional \"blaze\", stripe, or \"star\" of white fur on their chest or underside."}], ["Sesetengah baka anjing terdedah kepada penyakit genetik tertentu seperti displasia siku dan pinggul, buta, pekak, stenosis pulmonik, lelangit cakram, dan lengan trick. Dua keadaan perubatan yang serius terutama yang memberi kesan kepada anjing adalah pyometra, yang menjejaskan betina yang tidak terdedah semua jenis dan umur, dan kembung, yang memberi kesan kepada baka besar atau anjing yang penuh jerawat. Kedua-duanya adalah keadaan akut, dan boleh membunuh dengan cepat. Anjing juga terdedah kepada parasit seperti kutu, kutu, dan tungau, serta cacing, cacing pita, ulat buluh, dan cacing jantung. <> Apa yang ada pada anjing? || penyakit genetik <> Apakah semua anjing mudah terdedah? || parasit <> Pyometra biasanya mempengaruhi apa jenis anjing betina? || tidak terkawal <> Siapa yang mempengaruhi pyometra? || wanita yang tidak dibedah <> Apakah kutu, kutu dan hama dipanggil? || parasit", {"qas": [{"question": "What are some dogs prone to?", "id": "56d5c9061c85041400946dca", "answers": [{"text": "genetic ailments", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are all dogs susceptible to?", "id": "56d5c9061c85041400946dcc", "answers": [{"text": "parasites", "answer_start": 437}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Pyometra usually affects what type of female dog?", "id": "56d5c9061c85041400946dcd", "answers": [{"text": "unspayed", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does pyometra affect?", "id": "56d9a0cadc89441400fdb637", "answers": [{"text": "unspayed females", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are fleas, ticks and mites called?", "id": "56d9a0cadc89441400fdb639", "answers": [{"text": "parasites", "answer_start": 437}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some breeds of dogs are prone to certain genetic ailments such as elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic stenosis, cleft palate, and trick knees. Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all types and ages, and bloat, which affects the larger breeds or deep-chested dogs. Both of these are acute conditions, and can kill rapidly. Dogs are also susceptible to parasites such as fleas, ticks, and mites, as well as hookworms, tapeworms, roundworms, and heartworms."}], ["Anjing domestik telah dibesarkan secara selektif untuk beribu tahun untuk pelbagai tingkah laku, keupayaan deria, dan sifat fizikal. Binatang anjing moden menunjukkan lebih banyak variasi saiz, rupa, dan tingkah laku berbanding dengan haiwan domestik lain. Anjing adalah pemangsa dan pemasak, dan seperti mamalia pemangsa yang lain, anjing itu mempunyai otot yang kuat, tulang pergelangan tangan, sistem kardiovaskular yang menyokong kedua-dua larian dan ketahanan, dan gigi untuk menangkap dan merobek. <> Spesies apa yang menunjukkan lebih banyak perbezaan saiz, rupa dan tindakan daripada yang lain? || Binatang anjing moden <> Apakah gigi anjing paling sesuai? || menangkap dan merobek. <> Anjing dianggap sebagai pemangsa dan apa lagi? || penipu <> Apa tulang di kaki anjing bersatu? || pergelangan tangan <> Hati anjing dan keupayaan vaskular jika paling sesuai untuk berlari dan apa lagi? || ketahanan <> Apakah gigi anjing digunakan terutamanya? || menangkap dan mengoyakkan <> Anjing berasal dari pemangsa dan apa? || penipu", {"qas": [{"question": "What species shows more difference in size, looks and actions than any other?", "id": "56d4c4bd2ccc5a1400d8320e", "answers": [{"text": "Modern dog breeds", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are dog teeth best suited for?", "id": "56d4c4bd2ccc5a1400d8320f", "answers": [{"text": "catching and tearing.", "answer_start": 434}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dogs are considered to be predators and what else?", "id": "56d4c4bd2ccc5a1400d83210", "answers": [{"text": "scavengers", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What bones in dog legs are fused?", "id": "56d4c4bd2ccc5a1400d83211", "answers": [{"text": "wrist", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A dog's heart and vascular ability if best suited for sprinting and what else?", "id": "56d4c4bd2ccc5a1400d83212", "answers": [{"text": "endurance", "answer_start": 409}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are a dog's teeth mainly used for?", "id": "56d99cfedc89441400fdb5eb", "answers": [{"text": "catching and tearing", "answer_start": 434}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dogs originated as predators and what?", "id": "56d99cfedc89441400fdb5ec", "answers": [{"text": "scavengers", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Domestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the dog has powerful muscles, fused wrist bones, a cardiovascular system that supports both sprinting and endurance, and teeth for catching and tearing."}], ["Beberapa makanan manusia biasa dan ingestibles isi rumah adalah toksik kepada anjing, termasuk coklat pepejal (keracunan theobromine), bawang dan bawang putih (thiosulphate, sulfoxide atau keracunan disulfida), anggur dan kismis, kacang macadamia, xylitol, serta pelbagai tumbuhan dan lain-lain bahan berpotensi menelan. Nikotin dalam tembakau juga boleh berbahaya. Anjing boleh mendapatkannya dengan membuang sampah atau asbak; makan cerut dan rokok. Tanda-tanda boleh muntah sejumlah besar (mis., Dari makan panci cerut) atau cirit-birit. Beberapa tanda lain adalah sakit perut, kehilangan koordinasi, keruntuhan, atau kematian. Anjing sangat mudah terdedah kepada keracunan theobromine, biasanya dari pengambilan coklat. Theobromine adalah toksik kepada anjing kerana, walaupun metabolisme anjing mampu memecahkan kimia, prosesnya sangat perlahan sehingga jumlah coklat yang sedikit boleh membawa maut, terutama coklat gelap. <> Sesetengah makanan yang baik untuk orang makan adalah apa yang anjing? || toksik <> Anggur, kismis, bawang, bawang putih dan apa yang biasa alkohol gula (pemanis) adalah toksik kepada anjing? || xylitol <> Apa jenis kacang beracun kepada anjing? || macadamia <> Apakah bahan kimia dalam coklat yang beracun kepada anjing? || theobromine <> Beberapa makanan manusia boleh menjadi anjing? || toxic <> Apa yang tembakau boleh mencederakan anjing? || nikotin <> Apa bentuk coklat sangat toksik kepada anjing? || gelap", {"qas": [{"question": "Some foods that are okay for people to eat are what to dogs?", "id": "56d5ca321c85041400946dd2", "answers": [{"text": "toxic", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Grapes, raisins, onions, garlic and what common sugar alcohol (sweetener) is toxic to dogs?", "id": "56d5ca321c85041400946dd3", "answers": [{"text": "xylitol", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of nut is poisonous to dogs?", "id": "56d5ca321c85041400946dd4", "answers": [{"text": "macadamia", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the chemical in chocolate that is poisonous to dogs?", "id": "56d5ca321c85041400946dd5", "answers": [{"text": "theobromine", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some human foods can be what to dogs?", "id": "56d9a199dc89441400fdb64e", "answers": [{"text": "toxic", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What in tobacco can hurt dogs?", "id": "56d9a199dc89441400fdb64f", "answers": [{"text": "nicotine", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What form of chocolate is especially toxic to dogs?", "id": "56d9a199dc89441400fdb652", "answers": [{"text": "dark", "answer_start": 890}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine in tobacco can also be dangerous. Dogs can get it by scavenging in garbage or ashtrays; eating cigars and cigarettes. Signs can be vomiting of large amounts (e.g., from eating cigar butts) or diarrhea. Some other signs are abdominal pain, loss of coordination, collapse, or death. Dogs are highly susceptible to theobromine poisoning, typically from ingestion of chocolate. Theobromine is toxic to dogs because, although the dog's metabolism is capable of breaking down the chemical, the process is so slow that even small amounts of chocolate can be fatal, especially dark chocolate."}], ["Neutering mengurangkan masalah yang disebabkan oleh hiperseksual, terutama pada anjing lelaki. Anjing betina yang betina kurang berkeupayaan mengembangkan beberapa bentuk kanser, yang mempengaruhi kelenjar susu, ovari, dan organ pembiakan lain. Walau bagaimanapun, neutering meningkatkan risiko inkontinensia kencing pada anjing betina, dan kanser prostat pada lelaki, serta osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, pecah ligamen cruciate, obesiti, dan diabetes mellitus dalam hubungan seks. <> Tingkah laku hipotesis dalam anjing lelaki berkurang dengan apa? || Neutering <> Menurut teks, apakah kesan sampingan yang mungkin dilakukan terhadap anjing betina? || Kemaluan kencing <> Anjing perempuan kurang cenderung untuk mengembangkan kanser jika apa yang berlaku? || Spayed <> Apa yang meningkat dalam anjing betina dengan menghidupkan? || kencing incontinence <> Apa kenaikan dalam anjing lelaki dengan menghidupkan? || kanser prostat", {"qas": [{"question": "Hypersexual behavior in male dogs is diminished by what?", "id": "56d5d7fa1c85041400946e24", "answers": [{"text": "Neutering", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to the text, what is a possible side effect of neutering a female dog?", "id": "56d5d7fa1c85041400946e26", "answers": [{"text": "urinary incontinence", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Female dogs are less likely to develop cancer if what happens?", "id": "56d9a9e3dc89441400fdb6bc", "answers": [{"text": "Spayed", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is increased in female dogs with neutering?", "id": "56d9a9e3dc89441400fdb6bd", "answers": [{"text": "urinary incontinence", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is increased in male dogs with neutering?", "id": "56d9a9e3dc89441400fdb6be", "answers": [{"text": "prostate cancer", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs. Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs. However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs, and prostate cancer in males, as well as osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, cruciate ligament rupture, obesity, and diabetes mellitus in either sex."}], ["Komunikasi anjing adalah mengenai bagaimana anjing \"bercakap\" antara satu sama lain, bagaimana mereka memahami mesej yang dihantar oleh manusia kepada mereka, dan bagaimana manusia dapat menterjemahkan idea-idea yang anjing cuba untuk menghantar .:x Perilaku komunikasi ini termasuk pandangan mata, ekspresi muka, penyuaraan , postur badan (termasuk gerakan badan dan anggota badan) dan komunikasi gustatory (aroma, feromon dan rasa). Manusia berkomunikasi dengan anjing dengan menggunakan penyuaraan, isyarat tangan dan postur badan. <> Apakah komunikasi gustatory termasuk dalam anjing? || aroma, feromon dan rasa <> Orang berkomunikasi dengan anjing melalui arahan suara, bahasa badan atau postur dan apa lagi? || isyarat tangan <> Mata pandangan, penyuaraan dan postur badan adalah contoh dari apa? || Komunikasi anjing <> Sebagai tambahan kepada penyuaraan dan postur badan, bagaimana orang berkomunikasi dengan anjing? || isyarat tangan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is gustatory communication include in dogs?", "id": "56d5dcee1c85041400946e4a", "answers": [{"text": "scents, pheromones and taste", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "People communicate with dogs by voice commands, body language or posture and what else?", "id": "56d5dcee1c85041400946e4b", "answers": [{"text": "hand signals", "answer_start": 439}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Eye gaze, vocalization and body posture are examples of what?", "id": "56d9b06edc89441400fdb6de", "answers": [{"text": "Dog communication", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to vocalization and body posture, how do people communicate with dogs?", "id": "56d9b06edc89441400fdb6df", "answers": [{"text": "hand signals", "answer_start": 439}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Dog communication is about how dogs \"speak\" to each other, how they understand messages that humans send to them, and how humans can translate the ideas that dogs are trying to transmit.:xii These communication behaviors include eye gaze, facial expression, vocalization, body posture (including movements of bodies and limbs) and gustatory communication (scents, pheromones and taste). Humans communicate with dogs by using vocalization, hand signals and body posture."}], ["Anjing menanggung litters mereka kira-kira 58 hingga 68 hari selepas persenyawaan, dengan purata 63 hari, walaupun tempoh kehamilan boleh berbeza-beza. Sampah purata terdiri daripada kira-kira enam anak anjing, walaupun jumlah ini mungkin berbeza secara meluas berdasarkan baka anjing. Secara umum, anjing mainan menghasilkan satu hingga empat anak anjing di setiap sampah, manakala baka baka yang lebih besar mungkin rata-rata sebanyak dua belas. <> Berapa lama anjing betina sebelum membawa anak anjing? || 58 hingga 68 hari <> Berapa panjang purata kehamilan anjing? || 63 hari <> Berapakah jumlah purata anak anjing dalam sampah? || kira-kira enam <> Untuk anjing kecil, apakah jumlah purata anak anjing dalam sampah? || satu hingga empat <> Apakah purata bagi anjing untuk menanggung sampahnya? || 63 hari <> Berapakah jumlah purata anak anjing per sampah? || enam <> anjing yang lebih kecil cenderung mempunyai berapa banyak anjing per sampah? || satu hingga empat", {"qas": [{"question": "How long do female dogs carry before delivering puppies?", "id": "56d5d0cb1c85041400946dfe", "answers": [{"text": "58 to 68 days", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average length of dog pregnancy?", "id": "56d5d0cb1c85041400946dff", "answers": [{"text": "63 days", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average number of pups in a litter?", "id": "56d5d0cb1c85041400946e00", "answers": [{"text": "about six", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For small dogs, what is the average number of pups in a litter?", "id": "56d5d0cb1c85041400946e02", "answers": [{"text": "one to four", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average for a dog to bear her litter?", "id": "56d9a582dc89441400fdb68a", "answers": [{"text": "63 days", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average number of pups per litter?", "id": "56d9a582dc89441400fdb68b", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Smaller dogs tend to have how many pups per litter?", "id": "56d9a582dc89441400fdb68c", "answers": [{"text": "one to four", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. In general, toy dogs produce from one to four puppies in each litter, while much larger breeds may average as many as twelve."}], ["Pada anjing domestik, kematangan seksual bermula pada usia enam hingga dua belas bulan untuk lelaki dan wanita, walaupun ini boleh ditangguhkan sehingga umur dua tahun untuk beberapa baka besar. Ini adalah masa di mana anjing betina akan mempunyai kitaran estrous pertama. Mereka akan mengalami kitaran estrous berikutnya secara tahunan, di mana badan bersedia untuk mengandung. Di puncak kitaran, wanita akan datang ke estrus, secara mental dan fizikal menerima pendengaran. Kerana ova itu bertahan dan mampu disenyawakan selama seminggu selepas ovulasi, adalah mungkin bagi wanita untuk kawin dengan lebih dari satu lelaki. <> Berapa kali setiap tahun adakah anjing betina menjadi panas? || dua <> Apa yang akan menjadi panas (estrous) menyediakan anjing betina? || kehamilan. <> Beberapa baka yang lebih besar boleh mengambil masa berapa lama untuk menjadi matang secara seksual? || dua tahun <> Apa pengalaman anjing wanita pada kematangan seksual? || kitaran estrous pertama", {"qas": [{"question": "How many times per year do female dogs go into heat?", "id": "56d5d0101c85041400946df5", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does going into heat (estrous) prepare a female dog for?", "id": "56d5d0101c85041400946df6", "answers": [{"text": "pregnancy.", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some larger breeds could take how long to become sexually mature?", "id": "56d9a527dc89441400fdb681", "answers": [{"text": "two years", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does a female dog experience at sexual maturity?", "id": "56d9a527dc89441400fdb682", "answers": [{"text": "first estrous cycle", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In domestic dogs, sexual maturity begins to happen around age six to twelve months for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years old for some large breeds. This is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle. They will experience subsequent estrous cycles biannually, during which the body prepares for pregnancy. At the peak of the cycle, females will come into estrus, being mentally and physically receptive to copulation. Because the ova survive and are capable of being fertilized for a week after ovulation, it is possible for a female to mate with more than one male."}], ["Keturunan yang paling lama, termasuk Toy Poodles, Spitz Jepun, Terrier Border, dan Spaniel Tibet, mempunyai panjang umur median 14 hingga 15 tahun. Keturunan panjang anjing campuran campuran, diambil sebagai purata semua saiz, adalah satu atau lebih tahun lebih lama daripada anjing tulen apabila semua baka rata-rata. Anjing yang dilaporkan sebagai yang paling lama adalah \"Bluey\", yang meninggal dunia pada tahun 1939 dan didakwa berusia 29.5 tahun pada masa kematiannya. Pada 5 Disember 2011, Pusuke, anjing hidup tertua di dunia yang diiktiraf oleh Guinness Book of World Records, meninggal dunia berusia 26 tahun dan 9 bulan. <> Berapa panjang purata umur hidup untuk anjing dengan jangka hayat yang panjang? || 14 hingga 15 tahun. <> Apakah nama anjing yang dilaporkan telah hidup paling lama? || Bluey <> Apakah nama anjing dalam Rekod Dunia Guinness untuk hidup paling lama? || Pusuke <> Tahun berapa anjing mati yang dilaporkan menjadi yang paling lama tinggal tetapi tidak secara rasmi dalam buku rekod? || 1939 <> Apa nama anjing yang tinggal 29.5 tahun? || Bluey <> Kapan Bluey mati? || 1939 <> Siapa yang Rekod Dunia Guinness mengatakan bahawa anjing tertua pada tahun 2011? || Pusuke", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the average length of years of life for canines with long lifespans?", "id": "56d5ceda1c85041400946dea", "answers": [{"text": "14 to 15 years.", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the canine that is reported to have lived the longest?", "id": "56d5ceda1c85041400946deb", "answers": [{"text": "Bluey", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the dog in the Guinness Book of World Records for longest lived?", "id": "56d5ceda1c85041400946dec", "answers": [{"text": "Pusuke", "answer_start": 468}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the dog die that is reported to be the longest lived but not officially in a record book?", "id": "56d5ceda1c85041400946dee", "answers": [{"text": "1939", "answer_start": 380}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the dog who lived to be 29.5 years?", "id": "56d9a315dc89441400fdb66d", "answers": [{"text": "Bluey", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Bluey die?", "id": "56d9a315dc89441400fdb66e", "answers": [{"text": "1939", "answer_start": 380}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the Guinness Book of World Records say was the oldest dog in 2011?", "id": "56d9a315dc89441400fdb66f", "answers": [{"text": "Pusuke", "answer_start": 468}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog widely reported to be the longest-lived is \"Bluey\", who died in 1939 and was claimed to be 29.5 years old at the time of his death. On 5 December 2011, Pusuke, the world's oldest living dog recognized by Guinness Book of World Records, died aged 26 years and 9 months."}], ["Neutering merujuk kepada pensterilan haiwan, biasanya dengan mengeluarkan buah zakar lelaki atau ovari dan rahim wanita, untuk menghilangkan keupayaan untuk menghasilkan dan mengurangkan pemacu seks. Kerana terlalu banyak anjing di beberapa negara, banyak agensi kawalan haiwan, seperti Masyarakat Amerika untuk Pencegahan Kekejaman untuk Hewan (ASPCA), menasihatkan bahawa anjing tidak dimaksudkan untuk pembiakan lebih lanjut harus diselidiki, sehingga mereka tidak dikehendaki Anak-anak anjing yang mungkin kemudiannya akan dihilangkan. <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila haiwan diubah untuk mencegah penyusunan? || Neutering <> Menurut teks, agensi apa yang mengesyorkan mengubah anjing untuk mencegah kehamilan? || Persatuan Amerika untuk Pencegahan Kekejaman untuk Hewan (ASPCA) <> Apa yang biasanya dibuang melalui pembedahan pada anjing lelaki untuk mencegah pembiakan? || testicles <> Apa yang biasanya dikeluarkan dalam anjing wanita untuk mencegah kehamilan? || ovari dan uterus <> Dalam pemusnahan, apa yang dikeluarkan dalam anjing lelaki? || testicles <> Dalam pemusnahan, apa yang dikeluarkan dalam anjing betina? || ovari dan rahim <> Apa yang ASPCA mengesyorkan untuk anjing yang tidak digunakan untuk tujuan pembiakan? || dihidupkan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is it called when an animal is altered to prevent procreation?", "id": "56d5d6521c85041400946e16", "answers": [{"text": "Neutering", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to the text, what agency recommends altering dogs to prevent pregnancies?", "id": "56d5d6521c85041400946e17", "answers": [{"text": "the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA)", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is typically surgically removed on male dogs to prevent procreation?", "id": "56d5d6521c85041400946e18", "answers": [{"text": "testicles", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is usually removed in female dogs to prevent pregnancy?", "id": "56d5d6521c85041400946e19", "answers": [{"text": "ovaries and uterus", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In neutering, what is removed in a male dog?", "id": "56d9a7b5dc89441400fdb6b2", "answers": [{"text": "testicles", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In neutering, what is removed in female dogs?", "id": "56d9a7b5dc89441400fdb6b3", "answers": [{"text": "ovaries and uterus", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the ASPCA recommend for dogs who are not used for breeding purposes?", "id": "56d9a7b5dc89441400fdb6b4", "answers": [{"text": "neutered", "answer_start": 425}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Neutering refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), advise that dogs not intended for further breeding should be neutered, so that they do not have undesired puppies that may have to later be euthanized."}], ["Walaupun hubungan genetik mereka yang rapat dan keupayaan untuk membiak antara satu sama lain, terdapat beberapa ciri diagnostik untuk membezakan serigala kelabu daripada anjing domestik. Anjing domestik jelas dibezakan dari serigala oleh elektroforesis gel kanji fosfatase asid sel darah merah. Bullae tympanic adalah besar, cembung dan hampir bulat dalam serigala kelabu, sementara anjing liar lebih kecil, dimampatkan dan sedikit renyuk. Berbanding dengan serigala bersaiz yang sama, anjing cenderung mempunyai 20% tengkorak yang lebih kecil dan 30% otak yang lebih kecil. 35 Serigala serigala kelabu juga lebih tinggi berbanding dengan anjing; ulama dan tikus serigala kurang padat dan mempunyai corak cusp yang lebih kompleks. Wolves tidak mempunyai dewclaws di kaki belakang mereka, kecuali terdapat campuran dengan anjing. Anjing tidak mempunyai kelenjar pra-caudal yang berfungsi, dan kebanyakan masuk estrus dua kali setahun, tidak seperti serigala kelabu yang hanya melakukannya sekali setahun. Anjing memerlukan kurang kalori untuk berfungsi daripada serigala. Telinga langsing anjing mungkin disebabkan oleh atrofi otot rahang. Kulit anjing domestik cenderung lebih tebal daripada serigala, dengan beberapa puak Inuit memihak kepada bekas untuk digunakan sebagai pakaian kerana ketahanan yang lebih besar untuk memakai dan lusuh dalam cuaca yang keras. <> Yang biasanya mempunyai kulit tebal, anjing atau serigala? || anjing. <> Anjing yang mempunyai telinga yang tidak tegak mungkin disebabkan oleh apa? || atrofi otot rahang. <> Jenis ciri apa yang membezakan serigala kelabu daripada anjing? || ciri diagnostik <> Berapa kerap serigala betina memasuki estrus? || sekali setahun.", {"qas": [{"question": "Which typically has thicker skin, dogs or wolves?", "id": "56d5debf1c85041400946e53", "answers": [{"text": "dogs.", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dogs having ears that are not erect may be due to what?", "id": "56d5debf1c85041400946e54", "answers": [{"text": "atrophy of the jaw muscles.", "answer_start": 1018}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of features differentiate gray wolves from dogs?", "id": "56d9b374dc89441400fdb6e2", "answers": [{"text": "diagnostic features", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How often do female wolves enter estrus?", "id": "56d9b374dc89441400fdb6e6", "answers": [{"text": "once a year.", "answer_start": 911}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Despite their close genetic relationship and the ability to inter-breed, there are a number of diagnostic features to distinguish the gray wolves from domestic dogs. Domesticated dogs are clearly distinguishable from wolves by starch gel electrophoresis of red blood cell acid phosphatase. The tympanic bullae are large, convex and almost spherical in gray wolves, while the bullae of dogs are smaller, compressed and slightly crumpled. Compared to equally sized wolves, dogs tend to have 20% smaller skulls and 30% smaller brains.:35 The teeth of gray wolves are also proportionately larger than those of dogs; the premolars and molars of wolves are much less crowded and have more complex cusp patterns. Wolves do not have dewclaws on their back legs, unless there has been admixture with dogs. Dogs lack a functioning pre-caudal gland, and most enter estrus twice yearly, unlike gray wolves which only do so once a year. Dogs require fewer calories to function than wolves. The dog's limp ears may be the result of atrophy of the jaw muscles. The skin of domestic dogs tends to be thicker than that of wolves, with some Inuit tribes favoring the former for use as clothing due to its greater resistance to wear and tear in harsh weather."}], ["Tingkah laku anjing adalah respons yang diselaraskan secara dalaman (tindakan atau tindak balas) anjing domestik (individu atau kumpulan) kepada rangsangan dalaman dan / atau luaran. Sebagai spesies ternak tertua, dengan anggaran dari 9,000-30,000 tahun BCE, minda anjing tidak dapat dielakkan telah dibentuk oleh ribuan tahun hubungan dengan manusia. Hasil daripada evolusi fizikal dan sosial ini, anjing, lebih daripada spesies lain, telah memperoleh keupayaan untuk memahami dan berkomunikasi dengan manusia dan mereka secara unik menyesuaikan diri dengan tingkah laku kita. Para saintis tingkah laku telah mengungkap satu kebolehan sosial-kognitif yang mengejutkan dalam anjing domestik yang sebaliknya. Kebolehan ini tidak dimiliki oleh saudara-saudara anjing terdekat anjing atau oleh mamalia yang sangat pintar seperti kera besar. Sebaliknya kemahiran ini selari dengan kemahiran sosial-kognitif anak-anak manusia. <> Anjing dianggarkan dijaga sejak tahun berapa kalendar pada kalendar? || 9,000-30,000 tahun BCE <> Pikiran anjing telah dibentuk oleh ribuan tahun hubungan dengan spesies apa? || manusia. <> Apa kemahiran anjing yang selari dengan manusia? || kemahiran sosial-kognitif kanak-kanak manusia <> Anjing sangat sesuai dengan tingkah laku spesies lain? || manusia. <> Anjing boleh memahami dan berkomunikasi dengan spesies lain? || manusia. <> Apakah tindak balas anjing terhadap rangsangan yang dikenali sebagai? || Tingkah laku anjing <> Lebih daripada spesies lain, anjing mampu melakukan apa dengan orang? || memahami dan berkomunikasi <> Anjing mempunyai beberapa kemahiran sosial yang selari apa? || kanak-kanak manusia", {"qas": [{"question": "Dogs are estimated to be domesticated as far back as what date range of years on the calendar?", "id": "56d5da871c85041400946e36", "answers": [{"text": "9,000\u201330,000 years BCE", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dog minds have been shaped by thousands of years of contact with what species?", "id": "56d5da871c85041400946e37", "answers": [{"text": "humans.", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do some dog skills parallel in human beings?", "id": "56d5da871c85041400946e38", "answers": [{"text": "social-cognitive skills of human children", "answer_start": 826}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dogs are  very well attuned to what other species' behaviors?", "id": "56d5da871c85041400946e39", "answers": [{"text": "humans.", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dogs can understand and communicate with what other species?", "id": "56d5da871c85041400946e3a", "answers": [{"text": "humans.", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a dog's responses to stimuli known as?", "id": "56d9b01bdc89441400fdb6cc", "answers": [{"text": "Dog behavior", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "More than any other species, dogs are able to do what with people?", "id": "56d9b01bdc89441400fdb6ce", "answers": [{"text": "understand and communicate", "answer_start": 443}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dogs have some social skills that parallel what?", "id": "56d9b01bdc89441400fdb6cf", "answers": [{"text": "human children", "answer_start": 853}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000\u201330,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with humans. As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to our behaviors. Behavioral scientists have uncovered a surprising set of social-cognitive abilities in the otherwise humble domestic dog. These abilities are not possessed by the dog's closest canine relatives nor by other highly intelligent mammals such as great apes. Rather, these skills parallel some of the social-cognitive skills of human children."}], ["Tidak seperti spesies domestik lain yang dipilih terutamanya untuk ciri berkaitan pengeluaran, anjing pada mulanya dipilih untuk tingkah laku mereka. Pada tahun 2016, satu kajian mendapati terdapat hanya 11 gen tetap yang menunjukkan perbezaan antara serigala dan anjing. Variasi gen ini tidak semestinya disebabkan oleh evolusi semulajadi, dan menunjukkan pemilihan pada morfologi dan tingkah laku semasa pemburuan anjing. Gen-gen ini telah terbukti mempunyai kesan ke atas laluan sintesis catecholamine, dengan majoriti gen yang mempengaruhi tindak balas perjuangan atau penerbangan (iaitu pemilihan untuk tameness), dan pemprosesan emosi. Anjing secara amnya menunjukkan penurunan ketakutan dan pencerobohan berbanding serigala. Sebahagian daripada gen ini telah dikaitkan dengan pencerobohan dalam beberapa baka anjing, menunjukkan kepentingan mereka dalam pembentukan awal dan kemudian dalam pembiakan baka. <> Daripada ciri-ciri genetik untuk pengeluaran, anjing dibiakkan untuk apa? || tingkah laku. <> Berapa banyak gen \"tetap\" menunjukkan perbezaan antara serigala dan anjing? || 11 <> Perbezaan gen menunjukkan dua perkara yang dilakukan dengan memilih anjing semasa pembiakan untuk pembiakan? || morfologi dan tingkah laku <> Apakah sifat umum yang dipilih untuk anjing dalam pembiakan secara keseluruhan? || Tameness <> Apa yang paling anjing menunjukkan kurang daripada serigala? || takut dan agresif <> Kebanyakan haiwan domestik dipilih untuk ciri-ciri apa? || ciri-ciri yang berkaitan dengan pengeluaran <> Mengapa anjing pada mulanya dipilih? || untuk tingkah laku mereka. <> Untuk serigala dan anjing, berapa gen tetap menunjukkan variasi? || 11 <> Anjing menunjukkan kurang takut dan apa yang bertentangan dengan serigala? || pencerobohan", {"qas": [{"question": "Instead of genetic traits for production, dogs are bred for what?", "id": "56d5f6b21c85041400946e64", "answers": [{"text": "behaviors.", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many \"fixed\" genes demonstrate the differences between the wolf and dog?", "id": "56d5f6b21c85041400946e65", "answers": [{"text": "11", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The gene differences indicate what two things done by selection in dogs during breeding for domestication?", "id": "56d5f6b21c85041400946e66", "answers": [{"text": "morphology and behavior", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the common trait selected for dogs in overall breeding?", "id": "56d5f6b21c85041400946e67", "answers": [{"text": "tameness", "answer_start": 586}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do most dogs show less of than wolves?", "id": "56d5f6b21c85041400946e68", "answers": [{"text": "fear and aggression", "answer_start": 651}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Most domestic animals were selected for what traits?", "id": "56d9b439dc89441400fdb6f6", "answers": [{"text": "production-related traits", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why were dogs initially selected?", "id": "56d9b439dc89441400fdb6f7", "answers": [{"text": "for their behaviors.", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For wolves and dogs, how many fixed genes show a variation?", "id": "56d9b439dc89441400fdb6f8", "answers": [{"text": "11", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dogs show less fear and what as opposed to wolves?", "id": "56d9b439dc89441400fdb6f9", "answers": [{"text": "aggression", "answer_start": 660}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural evolution, and indicate selection on both morphology and behavior during dog domestication. These genes have been shown to have an impact on the catecholamine synthesis pathway, with the majority of the genes affecting the fight-or-flight response (i.e. selection for tameness), and emotional processing. Dogs generally show reduced fear and aggression compared to wolves. Some of these genes have been associated with aggression in some dog breeds, indicating their importance in both the initial domestication and then later in breed formation."}], ["Kecerdasan anjing adalah keupayaan anjing untuk melihat maklumat dan mengekalkannya sebagai pengetahuan untuk memohon untuk menyelesaikan masalah. Anjing telah ditunjukkan untuk belajar dengan kesimpulan. Satu kajian dengan Rico menunjukkan bahawa dia tahu label lebih daripada 200 item yang berbeza. Beliau menyimpulkan nama-nama novel item dengan pembelajaran pengecualian dan mengambil barang-barang novel dengan segera dan juga 4 minggu selepas pendedahan awal. Anjing mempunyai kemahiran memori maju. Satu kajian mendokumen keupayaan pembelajaran dan ingatan kolie sempadan, \"Chaser\", yang telah mempelajari nama-nama dan boleh mengaitkan dengan arahan verbal lebih 1,000 perkataan. Anjing dapat membaca dan bertindak balas dengan sewajarnya kepada bahasa tubuh manusia seperti menunjuk dan menunjuk, dan memahami arahan suara manusia. Anjing menunjukkan teori fikiran dengan melibatkan diri dalam penipuan. Satu kajian menunjukkan bukti yang menggembar-gemborkan bahawa pengarang Australia dapat mengatasi anjing dalam negeri dalam eksperimen pemecahan masalah bukan sosial, menunjukkan bahawa anjing-anjing di dalam negeri mungkin telah kehilangan banyak kebolehan menyelesaikan masalah asalnya apabila mereka bergabung dengan manusia. Satu lagi kajian menunjukkan bahawa selepas menjalani latihan untuk menyelesaikan tugas manipulasi yang mudah, anjing yang menghadapi versi yang tidak dapat dipelajari dari masalah yang sama melihat manusia, sedangkan serigala yang disosialisasikan tidak. Dog domestik moden menggunakan manusia untuk menyelesaikan masalah mereka. <> Apa nama anjing yang boleh ID melebihi 200 perkara? || Rico <> Apa nama collie Sempadan yang tahu lebih dari 1000 perkataan? || Chaser <> Selain mentafsirkan bahasa badan dan arahan lisan anjing juga boleh menafsirkan apa dua perkara lain? || menunjuk dan menunjuk <> Apa jenis anjing liar yang lebih baik dalam percubaan menyelesaikan masalah? || Australian dingos <> Apa satu perkara, menurut teks, anjing peliharaan yang digunakan untuk manusia? || untuk menyelesaikan masalah mereka. <> Memahami maklumat dan mengekalkannya adalah apa? || kecerdasan <> Berapa banyak label yang diketahui oleh anjing Rico? || Lebih daripada 200 <> Apakah jenis kemahiran memori yang ada pada anjing? || maju <> Berapa banyak perkataan yang diketahui Chaser? || lebih 1,000", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the dog that could ID over 200 things?", "id": "56d5d92a1c85041400946e2c", "answers": [{"text": "Rico", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the Border collie that knew over 1000 words?", "id": "56d5d92a1c85041400946e2d", "answers": [{"text": "Chaser", "answer_start": 517}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to interpreting body language and verbal commands dogs can also interpret what two other things?", "id": "56d5d92a1c85041400946e2e", "answers": [{"text": "gesturing and pointing", "answer_start": 685}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What wild canine did better at a problem-solving experiment?", "id": "56d5d92a1c85041400946e2f", "answers": [{"text": "Australian dingos", "answer_start": 849}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one thing, according to the text, that domesticated dogs use humans for?", "id": "56d5d92a1c85041400946e30", "answers": [{"text": "to solve their problems for them.", "answer_start": 1297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Perceiving information and retaining it is what?", "id": "56d9aa93dc89441400fdb6c2", "answers": [{"text": "intelligence", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many labels does Rico the dog know?", "id": "56d9aa93dc89441400fdb6c3", "answers": [{"text": "over 200", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of memory skills do dogs have?", "id": "56d9aa93dc89441400fdb6c4", "answers": [{"text": "advanced", "answer_start": 416}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many words did Chaser know?", "id": "56d9aa93dc89441400fdb6c5", "answers": [{"text": "over 1,000", "answer_start": 590}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly retrieved those novel items immediately and also 4 weeks after the initial exposure. Dogs have advanced memory skills. A study documented the learning and memory capabilities of a border collie, \"Chaser\", who had learned the names and could associate by verbal command over 1,000 words. Dogs are able to read and react appropriately to human body language such as gesturing and pointing, and to understand human voice commands. Dogs demonstrate a theory of mind by engaging in deception. A study showed compelling evidence that Australian dingos can outperform domestic dogs in non-social problem-solving experiment, indicating that domestic dogs may have lost much of their original problem-solving abilities once they joined humans. Another study indicated that after undergoing training to solve a simple manipulation task, dogs that are faced with an insoluble version of the same problem look at the human, while socialized wolves do not. Modern domestic dogs use humans to solve their problems for them."}], ["Populasi anjing global dianggarkan 525 juta: 225 berdasarkan kaedah telus, berbanding dengan anggaran lain di mana metodologi tidak tersedia - semua anggaran populasi anjing didasarkan pada kepadatan penduduk manusia serantau dan penggunaan tanah. <> Apakah kiraan yang lebih besar untuk bilangan anjing yang dianggap menampung planet ini? || 525 juta <> Berapa banyak anjing yang dianggarkan berada di dunia? || 525 juta <> Apakah anggaran penduduk anjing berdasarkan selain daripada penggunaan tanah? || kepadatan penduduk manusia", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the larger count for numbers of dogs considered to populate the planet?", "id": "56d5f7181c85041400946e6e", "answers": [{"text": "525 million", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many dogs are estimated to be in the world?", "id": "56d9b4b3dc89441400fdb704", "answers": [{"text": "525 million", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are dog population estimates based on other than land uses?", "id": "56d9b4b3dc89441400fdb705", "answers": [{"text": "human population densities", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The global dog population is estimated at 525 million:225 based on a transparent methodology, as opposed to other estimates where the methodology has not been made available \u2013 all dog population estimates are based on regional human population densities and land uses."}], ["Manusia juga akan mendapat faedah besar dari anjing yang dikaitkan dengan kem mereka. Sebagai contoh, anjing akan mengalami sanitasi yang lebih baik dengan membersihkan sisa makanan. Anjing mungkin telah memberikan kehangatan, seperti yang disebut dalam ekspresi Orang Aborigin Australia \"tiga malam anjing\" (malam yang sangat sejuk), dan mereka akan memaklumkan kepada kem itu ke hadapan pemangsa atau orang asing, menggunakan pendengaran akut mereka untuk memberi amaran awal . <> Apa yang dibersihkan oleh anjing untuk membantu menjaga habitat orang bersih? || sisa makanan. <> Apa yang disebut oleh orang asal Australia? || tiga malam anjing <> Apa pendengaran yang baik untuk anjing membantu manusia? || amaran awal. <> Bagaimana anjing boleh membantu isu kebersihan di kem? || membersihkan sisa makanan <> Apakah ekspresi orang Aborigin Australia menunjukkan malam yang sangat dingin? || tiga malam anjing", {"qas": [{"question": "What did dogs clean up to help with keeping habitations of people clean?", "id": "56d626661c85041400946f36", "answers": [{"text": "food scraps.", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do Australian aborigines call a frigid night? ", "id": "56d626661c85041400946f37", "answers": [{"text": "three dog night", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did a dog's good hearing help humans with?", "id": "56d626661c85041400946f38", "answers": [{"text": "early warning.", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How could dogs have helped with sanitation issues in camps?", "id": "56d9c3c7dc89441400fdb7be", "answers": [{"text": "cleaning up food scraps", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Australian Aboriginal expression that indicates a very cold night?", "id": "56d9c3c7dc89441400fdb7bf", "answers": [{"text": "three dog night", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Humans would also have derived enormous benefit from the dogs associated with their camps. For instance, dogs would have improved sanitation by cleaning up food scraps. Dogs may have provided warmth, as referred to in the Australian Aboriginal expression \"three dog night\" (an exceptionally cold night), and they would have alerted the camp to the presence of predators or strangers, using their acute hearing to provide an early warning."}], ["Anjing purebred dari satu baka secara genetik boleh dibezakan daripada anjing pura baka baka lain, tetapi cara-cara yang kelab-kelab kennel mengelaskan anjing tidak sistematik. Analisis sistematik genom anjing telah mendedahkan hanya empat jenis anjing utama yang boleh dikatakan berbeza secara statistik. Ini termasuk \"anjing dunia lama\" (contohnya, Malamute dan Shar Pei), jenis \"Mastiff\" (contohnya, Bahasa Inggeris Mastiff), jenis \"penggembalaan\" (contohnya, Collie Sempadan) dan \"semua yang lain\" moden \"- atau\" memburu \"-tipe). <> Kaedah kelab kennel yang digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan anjing adalah apa? || tidak sistematik. <> Satu kajian saintifik tentang genetik anjing telah menunjukkan betapa banyak jenis anjing yang dapat ditentukan secara jelas? || empat <> Apa, menurut teks, ada dua contoh \"anjing dunia lama\"? || Malamute dan Shar Pei <> Collie Sempadan adalah contoh jenis anjing apa? || penggembala <> Berapa jenis anjing utama yang ada? || empat <> jenis anjing apa Shar Peis? || anjing dunia lama <> Apakah jenis anjing moden dan berburu yang lain dipanggil? || semua yang lain", {"qas": [{"question": "The methods kennel clubs used to classify dogs is what?", "id": "56d5ff441c85041400946ea6", "answers": [{"text": "unsystematic.", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A scientific study of dog genetics has shown only how many  types of dogs being determinably distinct?", "id": "56d5ff441c85041400946ea7", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What, according to the text, are two examples of \"old world\" dogs?", "id": "56d5ff441c85041400946ea8", "answers": [{"text": "Malamute and Shar Pei", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "the Border collie is an example of what type of dog?", "id": "56d5ff441c85041400946ea9", "answers": [{"text": "herding", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many main types of dogs are there?", "id": "56d9bf81dc89441400fdb784", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of dogs are Shar Peis?", "id": "56d9bf81dc89441400fdb785", "answers": [{"text": "old world dogs", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the other modern and hunting types of dogs called?", "id": "56d9bf81dc89441400fdb788", "answers": [{"text": "all others", "answer_start": 439}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Purebred dogs of one breed are genetically distinguishable from purebred dogs of other breeds, but the means by which kennel clubs classify dogs is unsystematic. Systematic analyses of the dog genome has revealed only four major types of dogs that can be said to be statistically distinct. These include the \"old world dogs\" (e.g., Malamute and Shar Pei), \"Mastiff\"-type (e.g., English Mastiff), \"herding\"-type (e.g., Border Collie), and \"all others\" (also called \"modern\"- or \"hunting\"-type)."}], ["Nilai anjing untuk pemburu manusia awal membawa mereka dengan cepat menjadi budaya di seluruh dunia. Anjing melakukan banyak peranan untuk orang, seperti memburu, penggembalaan, menarik beban, perlindungan, membantu polis dan tentera, persahabatan, dan, lebih baru, membantu individu cacat. Kesan ini terhadap masyarakat manusia telah memberikan mereka nama samaran \"sahabat lelaki\" di dunia Barat. Walau bagaimanapun, dalam sesetengah budaya, anjing juga merupakan sumber daging. <> Anjing mempunyai nilai apa jenis manusia awal? || pemburu-pengumpul <> Anjing telah memburu dan melakukan perkara-perkara lain untuk orang-orang untuk waktu yang lama, tetapi apakah bantuan yang lebih terkini kepada orang yang mereka sediakan? || membantu individu cacat. <> Kerana ketelitian anjing kepada manusia, mereka telah diberi nama samaran? || kawan terbaik lelaki <> Sesetengah budaya merawat anjing sebagai bukannya sahabat? || sumber daging", {"qas": [{"question": "Dogs had a worth to what type of early humans?", "id": "56d601b61c85041400946ec8", "answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dogs have hunted with and done other things for people for a long time, but what is a more recent help to people they provide?", "id": "56d601b61c85041400946eca", "answers": [{"text": "aiding handicapped individuals.", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Because of a dog's resourcefulness to people, they have been given what nickname?", "id": "56d9c11cdc89441400fdb79c", "answers": [{"text": "man's best friend", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some cultures treat dogs as what rather than companions?", "id": "56d9c11cdc89441400fdb79d", "answers": [{"text": "a source of meat", "answer_start": 438}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The dogs' value to early human hunter-gatherers led to them quickly becoming ubiquitous across world cultures. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname \"man's best friend\" in the Western world. In some cultures, however, dogs are also a source of meat."}], ["Meskipun keturunan mereka dari serigala dan klasifikasi sebagai Carnivora, anjing-anjing banyak digambarkan dalam karya ilmiah dan tulisan lain sebagai karnivora atau omnivora. Tidak seperti carnivores yang mewajibkan, seperti keluarga kucing dengan usus kecil yang lebih pendek, anjing boleh menyesuaikan diri dengan diet yang luas, dan tidak bergantung kepada protein khusus daging atau tahap protein yang sangat tinggi untuk memenuhi keperluan diet asas mereka. Anjing akan sihat dengan pelbagai jenis makanan, termasuk sayur-sayuran dan bijirin, dan boleh mengambil sebahagian besarnya dalam diet mereka. Membandingkan anjing dan serigala, anjing mempunyai penyesuaian dalam gen yang terlibat dalam pencernaan kanji yang menyumbang kepada peningkatan keupayaan untuk berkembang dengan diet yang kaya dengan kanji. <> Anjing mempamerkan karnivor serta apa jenis kelakuan pemakanan lain? || omnivora <> Anjing boleh mencerna daging serta apa lagi? || sayuran dan bijirin <> Kucing dikenali sebagai jenis karnivora? || mewajibkan <> kerana apa yang mereka makan, anjing diklasifikasikan sebagai apa? || karnivora atau omnivora <> Anjing tidak memerlukan tahap yang sangat tinggi apabila makan? || protein <> Anjing mempunyai gen yang membolehkan mereka bertumbuh pada apa jika dibandingkan dengan serigala, siapa yang tidak boleh? || kanji", {"qas": [{"question": "Dogs exhibit carnivore as well as what other type of dietary behavior?", "id": "56d5fb031c85041400946e8a", "answers": [{"text": "omnivores", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dogs can digest meat as well as what else?", "id": "56d5fb031c85041400946e8c", "answers": [{"text": "vegetables and grains", "answer_start": 471}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Cats are known as what type of carnivore?", "id": "56d5fb031c85041400946e8e", "answers": [{"text": "obligate", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Because of what they eat, dogs are classified as what?", "id": "56d9b75edc89441400fdb73a", "answers": [{"text": "carnivores or omnivores", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dogs do not require a very high level of what when eating?", "id": "56d9b75edc89441400fdb73b", "answers": [{"text": "protein", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dogs have genes that allow them to thrive on what when compared to wolves, who cannot?", "id": "56d9b75edc89441400fdb73c", "answers": [{"text": "starch", "answer_start": 623}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Despite their descent from wolves and classification as Carnivora, dogs are variously described in scholarly and other writings as carnivores or omnivores. Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific protein nor a very high level of protein in order to fulfill their basic dietary requirements. Dogs will healthily digest a variety of foods, including vegetables and grains, and can consume a large proportion of these in their diet. Comparing dogs and wolves, dogs have adaptations in genes involved in starch digestion that contribute to an increased ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet."}], ["Anjing domestik mewarisi tingkah laku yang rumit, seperti perebutan gigit, dari nenek moyang mereka, yang akan menjadi pemburu pek dengan bahasa badan yang kompleks. Bentuk kognisi dan komunikasi sosial yang canggih ini boleh merangkumi kesungguhan, keupayaan bermain, dan keupayaan mereka untuk masuk ke dalam isi rumah manusia dan situasi sosial, dan ciri-ciri ini memberikan anjing hubungan dengan manusia yang telah menjadikan mereka menjadi salah satu spesies yang paling berjaya di planet hari ini.:pages95-136 <> Apa salah satu tingkah laku yang kompleks anjing peliharaan telah mendapat dari serigala? || mengganggu perebutan <> Apa yang boleh membuat anjing mempunyai keupayaan untuk dilatih oleh, bermain dengan dan sesuai dengan orang? || bentuk-bentuk kognisi dan komunikasi sosial yang canggih <> Ciri-ciri sosial yang lebih tinggi dan hubungan manusia mungkin telah menyebabkan anjing menjangkau apa yang menjadi spesies? || salah satu spesies paling berjaya di planet ini hari ini. <> Apakah tingkah laku kompleks yang anjing diwarisi daripada serigala? || mengganggu perebutan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is one of the complex behaviors pet dogs have gotten from wolves?", "id": "56d600eb1c85041400946eb8", "answers": [{"text": "bite inhibition", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What may make dogs have the ability to be trained by, play with and fit in with people?", "id": "56d600eb1c85041400946eb9", "answers": [{"text": "sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Higher social attributes  and human relationships may have caused dogs to reach what as a species?", "id": "56d600eb1c85041400946eba", "answers": [{"text": "one of the most successful species on the planet today.", "answer_start": 431}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a complex behavior that dogs inherited from wolves?", "id": "56d9c0c0dc89441400fdb798", "answers": [{"text": "bite inhibition", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Domestic dogs inherited complex behaviors, such as bite inhibition, from their wolf ancestors, which would have been pack hunters with complex body language. These sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication may account for their trainability, playfulness, and ability to fit into human households and social situations, and these attributes have given dogs a relationship with humans that has enabled them to become one of the most successful species on the planet today.:pages95-136"}], ["Coyotes dan kucing besar juga telah diketahui menyerang anjing. Leopards khususnya diketahui mempunyai kecenderungan untuk anjing, dan telah direkodkan untuk membunuh dan mengkonsumsi mereka tanpa mengira saiz anjing atau keganasan. Harimau di Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, dan Malaysia terkenal untuk membunuh anjing dengan semangat yang sama seperti harimau. Hyenas berjalur adalah pemangsa utama anjing kampung di Turkmenistan, India, dan Caucasus. Reptilia seperti buaya dan ular telah dikenali untuk membunuh dan memakan anjing. <> Apa kucing besar mempunyai rasa tertentu untuk anjing tidak kira betapa besar anjing ini? || harimau. <> Apakah pemangsa biasa anjing di tempat-tempat seperti Turkmenistan? || Hyenas berjejal <> Apakah dua reptilia membunuh anjing dan memakannya? || buaya dan python <> Apakah kucing besar mempunyai kecenderungan untuk menyerang anjing? || Leopards <> Apa kucing besar di Indonesia juga menyerang anjing? || Harimau <> Apa jenis reptilia makan anjing? || buaya dan python <> Apa yang menjadi pemangsa anjing kampung di India? || Hyenas berjalur", {"qas": [{"question": "What large cat has a particular taste for dogs no matter how big the dog is?", "id": "56d5fa0e1c85041400946e84", "answers": [{"text": "leopards.", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a typical predator of dogs in places such as Turkmenistan?", "id": "56d5fa0e1c85041400946e85", "answers": [{"text": "Striped hyenas", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two reptiles kill dogs and consume them?", "id": "56d5fa0e1c85041400946e86", "answers": [{"text": "alligators and pythons", "answer_start": 438}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What big cat has a tendency to attack dogs?", "id": "56d9b69cdc89441400fdb726", "answers": [{"text": "Leopards", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What big cats in Indonesia also attack dogs?", "id": "56d9b69cdc89441400fdb727", "answers": [{"text": "Tigers", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of reptiles eat dogs?", "id": "56d9b69cdc89441400fdb728", "answers": [{"text": "alligators and pythons", "answer_start": 438}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a known predator of village dogs in India?", "id": "56d9b69cdc89441400fdb729", "answers": [{"text": "Striped hyenas", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. Leopards in particular are known to have a predilection for dogs, and have been recorded to kill and consume them regardless of the dog's size or ferocity. Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as leopards. Striped hyenas are major predators of village dogs in Turkmenistan, India, and the Caucasus. Reptiles such as alligators and pythons have been known to kill and eat dogs."}], ["Walaupun semua anjing genetik sangat serupa, pemilihan semulajadi dan pembiakan selektif telah memperkuat ciri-ciri tertentu dalam populasi anjing tertentu, yang menimbulkan jenis anjing dan baka anjing. Jenis anjing adalah kategori yang luas berdasarkan fungsi, genetik, atau ciri. Keturunan anjing adalah kumpulan hewan yang memiliki satu set ciri warisan yang membezakannya dari binatang lain dalam spesies yang sama. Binatang anjing moden adalah klasifikasi bukan sains anjing yang disimpan oleh kelab kennel moden. <> Pemilihan semula jadi dan apa yang membuat anjing tertentu berkelakuan tertentu? || pembiakan selektif <> Apa yang membezakan pelbagai jenis anjing antara satu sama lain? || baka <> Siapa yang mengekalkan klasifikasi baka anjing yang berbeza? || kelab kennel moden. <> Apa yang bertanggungjawab untuk jenis anjing dan baka yang berbeza hari ini? || pemilihan semulajadi dan pembiakan selektif <> Haiwan yang berkongsi ciri-ciri yang berbeza daripada apa haiwan lain dalam spesies yang dikenali sebagai apa? || keturunan <> baka anjing moden adalah jenis klasifikasi yang dikekalkan oleh kelab kennel moden? || bukan saintifik", {"qas": [{"question": "Natural selection and what makes certain dogs behave certain ways?", "id": "56d5fc2a1c85041400946e9e", "answers": [{"text": "selective breeding", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What distinguishes different types of dogs from one another?", "id": "56d5fc2a1c85041400946ea0", "answers": [{"text": "breed", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who keeps classifications of different dog breeds?", "id": "56d5fc2a1c85041400946ea1", "answers": [{"text": "modern kennel clubs.", "answer_start": 497}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is responsible for different dog types and breeds today?", "id": "56d9bf08dc89441400fdb774", "answers": [{"text": "natural selection and selective breeding", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Animals that share characteristics that are different than what other animals in that species have is known as what?", "id": "56d9bf08dc89441400fdb775", "answers": [{"text": "breeds", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Modern dog breeds are what type of classification which is maintained by modern kennel clubs?", "id": "56d9bf08dc89441400fdb776", "answers": [{"text": "non-scientific", "answer_start": 450}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "While all dogs are genetically very similar, natural selection and selective breeding have reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs, giving rise to dog types and dog breeds. Dog types are broad categories based on function, genetics, or characteristics. Dog breeds are groups of animals that possess a set of inherited characteristics that distinguishes them from other animals within the same species. Modern dog breeds are non-scientific classifications of dogs kept by modern kennel clubs."}], ["Kebanyakan baka anjing paling tua berusia seratus tahun, telah dipilih secara artifisial untuk morfologi dan perilaku tertentu oleh orang untuk peranan fungsi tertentu. Melalui pembiakan selektif ini, anjing itu telah berkembang menjadi beratus-ratus baka yang pelbagai, dan menunjukkan lebih banyak variasi kelakuan dan morfologi daripada mana-mana mamalia tanah lain. Sebagai contoh, ketinggian yang diukur kepada orang lumpuh berkisar antara 15.2 sentimeter (6.0 in) di Chihuahua kepada kira-kira 76 cm (30 in) di Wolfhound Ireland; Warna berbeza dari putih melalui grays (biasanya dipanggil \"biru\") kepada hitam, dan coklat dari cahaya (tan) hingga gelap (\"merah\" atau \"coklat\") dalam variasi corak yang luas; kot boleh menjadi pendek atau panjang, berambut kasar ke bulu seperti, lurus, kerinting, atau licin. Ia adalah perkara biasa untuk kebanyakan baka untuk menanggalkan kot ini. <> Sebilangan besar baka anjing hanya ada sekitar berapa lama? || beberapa ratus tahun <> Orang yang memilih anjing yang mereka inginkan berdasarkan apa dua perkara? || morfologi dan tingkah laku tertentu <> Beratus-ratus baka anjing yang berbeza wujud kerana apa? || pembiakan selektif Pengukuran ketinggian dalam anjing pergi dari enam inci untuk Chihuahuas hingga 30 inci dalam baka apa? || Ireland Wolfhound <> Berapa lama baka keturunan anjing? || beberapa ratus tahun <> Berapa banyak baka yang ada di sana? || beratus-ratus <> Warna kelabu sering disebut ketika merujuk kepada anjing? || biru", {"qas": [{"question": "The majority of dog breeds have only been around for how long?", "id": "56d5fbbd1c85041400946e94", "answers": [{"text": "a few hundred years", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "People selected dogs they wanted based on what two things?", "id": "56d5fbbd1c85041400946e95", "answers": [{"text": "particular morphologies and behaviors", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Hundreds of different dog breeds exist because of what?", "id": "56d5fbbd1c85041400946e96", "answers": [{"text": "selective breeding", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Height measurements in dogs go from six inches for Chihuahuas to 30 inches in what breed?", "id": "56d5fbbd1c85041400946e97", "answers": [{"text": "Irish Wolfhound", "answer_start": 471}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old are most dog breeds?", "id": "56d9b7e2dc89441400fdb74a", "answers": [{"text": "a few hundred years old", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many different breeds are there?", "id": "56d9b7e2dc89441400fdb74b", "answers": [{"text": "hundreds", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Gray color is often called what when referring to dogs?", "id": "56d9b7e2dc89441400fdb74d", "answers": [{"text": "blue", "answer_start": 543}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Most breeds of dog are at most a few hundred years old, having been artificially selected for particular morphologies and behaviors by people for specific functional roles. Through this selective breeding, the dog has developed into hundreds of varied breeds, and shows more behavioral and morphological variation than any other land mammal. For example, height measured to the withers ranges from 15.2 centimetres (6.0 in) in the Chihuahua to about 76 cm (30 in) in the Irish Wolfhound; color varies from white through grays (usually called \"blue\") to black, and browns from light (tan) to dark (\"red\" or \"chocolate\") in a wide variation of patterns; coats can be short or long, coarse-haired to wool-like, straight, curly, or smooth. It is common for most breeds to shed this coat."}], ["Walaupun anjing liar yang besar, seperti serigala, adalah pemangsa puncak, mereka boleh dibunuh dalam pertikaian wilayah dengan haiwan liar. Di samping itu, di kawasan di mana kedua-dua anjing dan pemangsa besar yang lain hidup, anjing boleh menjadi sumber makanan utama untuk kucing atau anjing besar. Laporan dari Croatia menunjukkan serigala membunuh anjing lebih kerap daripada mereka membunuh kambing biri-biri. Serigala di Rusia nampaknya membatasi populasi anjing liar. Di Wisconsin, lebih banyak pampasan telah dibayar untuk kerugian anjing daripada ternakan. Sesetengah pasangan serigala telah dilaporkan menjadi mangsa pada anjing dengan mempunyai satu serigala memikat anjing itu ke dalam berus yang berat di mana haiwan kedua menunggu dalam serangan hendap. Dalam sesetengah keadaan, serigala telah menunjukkan keghairahan yang tidak wajar manusia dan bangunan ketika menyerang anjing, sehingga mereka harus dipukul atau dibunuh. <> Seperti serigala, anjing besar yang dipelihara dianggap jenis pemangsa? || puncak <> serigala boleh bertindak dengan cara berperilaku ketika menyerang anjing? || tidak takut <> Haiwan apa yang dilaporkan terbunuh lebih kerap daripada domba oleh serigala di Croatia? || anjing <> Seperti serigala, jenis pemangsa macam mana anjing besar? || puncak <> Anjing mati akibat serigala Kroasia yang menemui lebih banyak daripada jenis binatang apa? || domba <> Apa yang membatasi populasi anjing liar di Rusia? || Wolves", {"qas": [{"question": "Like wolves, big domesticated dogs are considered what type of predator?", "id": "56d5f9181c85041400946e7a", "answers": [{"text": "apex", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Wolves may act in what behavioral manner when attacking dogs?", "id": "56d5f9181c85041400946e7d", "answers": [{"text": "fearless", "answer_start": 671}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What animal is reported to be killed more often than sheep by wolves in Croatia?", "id": "56d5f9181c85041400946e7e", "answers": [{"text": "dogs", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Like wolves, what kind of predators are large dogs?", "id": "56d9b5eddc89441400fdb71a", "answers": [{"text": "apex", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dogs die as a result of Croatian wolf encounters more than what kind of animal?", "id": "56d9b5eddc89441400fdb71b", "answers": [{"text": "sheep", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What limits the feral dog population in Russia?", "id": "56d9b5eddc89441400fdb71c", "answers": [{"text": "Wolves", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although large wild dogs, like wolves, are apex predators, they can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals. Furthermore, in areas where both dogs and other large predators live, dogs can be a major food source for big cats or canines. Reports from Croatia indicate wolves kill dogs more frequently than they kill sheep. Wolves in Russia apparently limit feral dog populations. In Wisconsin, more compensation has been paid for dog losses than livestock. Some wolf pairs have been reported to prey on dogs by having one wolf lure the dog out into heavy brush where the second animal waits in ambush. In some instances, wolves have displayed an uncharacteristic fearlessness of humans and buildings when attacking dogs, to the extent that they have to be beaten off or killed."}], ["Satu lagi kajian tentang peranan anjing dalam keluarga menunjukkan banyak anjing telah menetapkan tugas atau rutin yang dilakukan sebagai ahli keluarga, yang paling biasa membantu dalam membasuh dengan menjilat piring di mesin basuh pinggan mangkuk, dan membawa akhbar dari halaman. Semakin banyak anggota keluarga manusia terlibat dalam kegiatan yang berpusat pada keperluan dan kepentingan anjing yang dipersyaratkan, atau di mana anjing itu merupakan pasangan yang penting, seperti anjing menari dan yoga anjing. <> Sebuah kajian menunjukkan bahawa anjing tugas lakukan membawa apa dari rumput? || akhbar <> Anjing sering membantu membersihkan di dapur dengan menjilat apa? || pinggan <> Selain menari anjing, apakah aktiviti lain yang dilakukan oleh keluarga yang berpusat di sekitar haiwan kesayangan mereka? || yoga anjing. <> Apa yang harus dilakukan oleh banyak anjing dalam keluarga di mana mereka tinggal? || menetapkan tugasan atau rutin <> Apa yang sering diajar oleh anjing untuk dibawa masuk dari luar? || akhbar", {"qas": [{"question": "A study showed that a task dogs do is bringing in what from the lawn?", "id": "56d62d1e1c85041400946f84", "answers": [{"text": "newspaper", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dogs often help clean in the kitchen by licking what?", "id": "56d62d1e1c85041400946f85", "answers": [{"text": "plates", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to dog dancing, what is another activity that families are doing that is centered around their pet?", "id": "56d62d1e1c85041400946f86", "answers": [{"text": "dog yoga.", "answer_start": 446}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do many dogs have to do in the families where they live?", "id": "56d9e5a0dc89441400fdb8c0", "answers": [{"text": "set tasks or routines", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are dogs often taught to bring in from outdoors?", "id": "56d9e5a0dc89441400fdb8c1", "answers": [{"text": "the newspaper", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Another study of dogs' roles in families showed many dogs have set tasks or routines undertaken as family members, the most common of which was helping with the washing-up by licking the plates in the dishwasher, and bringing in the newspaper from the lawn. Increasingly, human family members are engaging in activities centered on the perceived needs and interests of the dog, or in which the dog is an integral partner, such as dog dancing and dog yoga."}], ["Ahli antropologi percaya bahawa manfaat yang paling penting adalah penggunaan bau anjing yang kuat untuk membantu memburu. Hubungan antara kehadiran anjing dan kejayaan dalam memburu sering disebut sebagai alasan utama untuk pemburuan serigala, dan kajian 2004 kumpulan pemburu dengan dan tanpa anjing memberikan sokongan kuantitatif kepada hipotesis bahawa manfaat koperasi Memburu adalah faktor penting dalam pembentukan serigala. <> Apa jenis perburuan yang dipanggil apabila manusia dan anjing memburu bersama? || memburu koperasi <> tahun apa penyelidikan selesai untuk menunjukkan manusia mendapat manfaat dengan mempunyai anjing memburu dengan mereka? || 2004 <> Apa manfaat terbaik untuk anjing di kem? || rasa bau <> Pencampuran anjing yang berjaya dengan pemburuan sering diberikan sebagai alasan utama untuk apa? || pemburuan serigala", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of hunting is it called when humans and dogs hunt together?", "id": "56d627261c85041400946f3e", "answers": [{"text": "cooperative hunting", "answer_start": 401}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was research completed to demonstrate humans benefited by having dogs hunt with them?", "id": "56d627261c85041400946f3f", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What would have been the top benefit for dogs in camps?", "id": "56d9c483dc89441400fdb7ca", "answers": [{"text": "sense of smell", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The successful mixing of dogs with hunting is often given as a primary reason for what?", "id": "56d9c483dc89441400fdb7cc", "answers": [{"text": "the domestication of the wolf", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Anthropologists believe the most significant benefit would have been the use of dogs' robust sense of smell to assist with the hunt. The relationship between the presence of a dog and success in the hunt is often mentioned as a primary reason for the domestication of the wolf, and a 2004 study of hunter groups with and without a dog gives quantitative support to the hypothesis that the benefits of cooperative hunting was an important factor in wolf domestication."}], ["Mengikut statistik yang diterbitkan oleh Persatuan Pengilang Produk Binatang Amerika dalam Penyiasatan Pemilik Binatang Negara pada tahun 2009-2010, dianggarkan ada 77.5 juta orang dengan anjing peliharaan di Amerika Syarikat. Kajian yang sama menunjukkan hampir 40% isi rumah Amerika memiliki sekurang-kurangnya satu anjing, yang 67% memiliki hanya satu anjing, 25% dua anjing dan hampir 9% lebih daripada dua anjing. Nampaknya tidak ada keutamaan jantina di kalangan anjing sebagai haiwan kesayangan, kerana data statistik menunjukkan jumlah yang sama anjing haiwan lelaki dan lelaki. Walau bagaimanapun, walaupun beberapa program sedang dijalankan untuk menggalakkan penggunaan haiwan kesayangan, kurang daripada seperlima anjing yang dimiliki datang dari tempat perlindungan. <> Tinjauan Pemilik Haiwan Kebangsaan melaporkan berapa ramai orang yang mempunyai anjing peliharaan di Amerika antara tahun 2009 dan 2010? || 77.5 juta <> Berapa ramai orang di Amerika Syarikat dikatakan mempunyai anjing sendiri? || 77.5 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "The National Pet Owner Survey reported how many people had pet dogs in America between 2009 and 2010?", "id": "56d62dc31c85041400946f8a", "answers": [{"text": "77.5 million", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people in the United States are said to own dog?", "id": "56d9e5dfdc89441400fdb8c6", "answers": [{"text": "77.5 million", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to statistics published by the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association in the National Pet Owner Survey in 2009\u20132010, it is estimated there are 77.5 million people with pet dogs in the United States. The same survey shows nearly 40% of American households own at least one dog, of which 67% own just one dog, 25% two dogs and nearly 9% more than two dogs. There does not seem to be any gender preference among dogs as pets, as the statistical data reveal an equal number of female and male dog pets. Yet, although several programs are undergoing to promote pet adoption, less than a fifth of the owned dogs come from a shelter."}], ["Kajian terkini menggunakan pengimejan resonans magnetik (MRI) kepada manusia dan anjing bersama-sama membuktikan bahawa anjing mempunyai tindak balas yang sama terhadap suara dan menggunakan bahagian yang sama dari otak sebagai manusia untuk melakukannya. Ini memberikan anjing keupayaan untuk mengenali bunyi manusia yang emosional, menjadikan mereka haiwan sosial yang ramah kepada manusia. <> Apakah jenis pencitraan yang digunakan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara manusia dan anjing? || pengimejan resonans magnet <> Satu kajian MRI pada anjing membuktikan bahawa anjing mempunyai tindak balas yang sama seperti manusia untuk apa? || suara <> Satu kajian MRI tentang anjing membuktikan bahawa anjing menggunakan bahagian yang sama seperti manusia? || otak <> Oleh kerana anjing bertindak balas terhadap suara dengan cara yang sama manusia lakukan, mereka dapat mengenali apa yang ada dalam suara manusia, menjadikannya sosial? || emosi <> Teknologi apa yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahawa anjing bertindak balas terhadap suara di bahagian otak yang sama seperti orang? || MRI <> Anjing mempunyai keupayaan untuk mengenali jenis bunyi manusia? || emosi", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of imaging was used to study the relationship between humans and dogs?", "id": "56d62e521c85041400946f9c", "answers": [{"text": "magnetic resonance imaging", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "An MRI study on dogs proved that dogs have the same response as humans to what?", "id": "56d62e521c85041400946f9d", "answers": [{"text": "voices", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "An MRI study on dogs proved that dogs use the same parts of what as humans?", "id": "56d62e521c85041400946f9e", "answers": [{"text": "the brain", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Because dogs respond to voices the same way humans do, they are able to recognize what in human sounds, making them social?", "id": "56d62e521c85041400946f9f", "answers": [{"text": "emotion", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What technology was used to show that dogs respond to voices in the same brain parts as people?", "id": "56d9e5f9dc89441400fdb8ce", "answers": [{"text": "MRI", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dogs have the ability to recognize what type of human sounds?", "id": "56d9e5f9dc89441400fdb8cf", "answers": [{"text": "emotional", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The latest study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to humans and dogs together proved that dogs have same response to voices and use the same parts of the brain as humans to do so. This gives dogs the ability to recognize emotional human sounds, making them friendly social pets to humans."}], ["Terdapat dua trend utama dalam perubahan status anjing peliharaan. Yang pertama adalah 'pengubahsuaian' anjing itu, membentuknya untuk memenuhi harapan manusia terhadap personaliti dan tingkah laku. Yang kedua adalah memperluas konsep keluarga dan rumah untuk memasukkan anjing-as-anjing dalam rutin dan amalan setiap hari. <> Mengubah anjing kepada apa yang orang inginkan dipanggil apa? || komodifikasi <> Idea tentang apa yang membentuk keluarga, dari perspektif manusia, telah membesarkan untuk memasukkan apa? || anjing. <> Berapa banyak trend besar yang terlibat dalam berapa banyak kedudukan anjing telah berubah dalam tamadun manusia? || Dua <> Apabila seseorang membentuk seekor anjing untuk menyesuaikan dengan harapannya terhadap tingkah laku, apa yang dipanggil? || komodifikasi <> Trend utama kedua telah meningkatkan idea keluarga dan rumah untuk memasukkan anjing dalam apa? || rutin harian", {"qas": [{"question": "Shaping dogs to what people want is called what?", "id": "56d62ba51c85041400946f68", "answers": [{"text": "commodification", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The idea of what constitutes a family, from the human perspective, has enlarged to include what?", "id": "56d62ba51c85041400946f69", "answers": [{"text": "dogs.", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many big trends are involved in how much the position of dogs has changed in human civilization?", "id": "56d62ba51c85041400946f6a", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When a person shapes a dog to conform to his expectations of behavior, it is called what?", "id": "56d9ca63dc89441400fdb828", "answers": [{"text": "commodification", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A second major trend has been increasing the idea of family and home to include dogs in what?", "id": "56d9ca63dc89441400fdb829", "answers": [{"text": "everyday routines", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There have been two major trends in the changing status of pet dogs. The first has been the 'commodification' of the dog, shaping it to conform to human expectations of personality and behaviour. The second has been the broadening of the concept of the family and the home to include dogs-as-dogs within everyday routines and practices."}], ["Majoriti orang-orang kontemporari dengan anjing menggambarkan haiwan kesayangan mereka sebagai sebahagian daripada keluarga, walaupun beberapa ambivalen mengenai hubungan itu terbukti dalam rekonseptualisasi popular keluarga manusia-manusia sebagai pek. Model dominasi hubungan anjing-manusia telah dipromosikan oleh beberapa jurulatih anjing, seperti di program televisyen Dog Whisperer. Walau bagaimanapun, ia telah dipertikaikan bahawa \"cuba mencapai status\" adalah ciri interaksi anjing-manusia. Anjing peliharaan memainkan peranan aktif dalam kehidupan keluarga; contohnya, kajian perbualan dalam keluarga anjing-anjing menunjukkan bagaimana ahli keluarga menggunakan anjing itu sebagai sumber, bercakap dengan anjing, atau bercakap melalui anjing, untuk memeterai interaksi mereka antara satu sama lain. <> Bagaimana kebanyakan orang menggambarkan hubungan dengan anjing mereka? || sebahagian daripada keluarga <> Apa rancangan televisyen menggunakan model dominasi anjing dan hubungan manusia? || Dog Whisperer. <> Kebanyakan orang hari ini menggambarkan anjing mereka sebagai apa? || sebahagian daripada keluarga <> Apa rancangan TV menggalakkan model dominasi untuk hubungan orang dengan anjing mereka? || Dog Whisperer", {"qas": [{"question": "How do most people describe the relationship with their dogs?", "id": "56d62ca31c85041400946f74", "answers": [{"text": "part of the family", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What television show uses a dominance model of dog and human relationships?", "id": "56d62ca31c85041400946f75", "answers": [{"text": "Dog Whisperer.", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Most people today describe their dogs as what?", "id": "56d9cb52dc89441400fdb83c", "answers": [{"text": "part of the family", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What TV show promotes a dominance model for the relationships people have with their dogs?", "id": "56d9cb52dc89441400fdb83d", "answers": [{"text": "Dog Whisperer", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The majority of contemporary people with dogs describe their pet as part of the family, although some ambivalence about the relationship is evident in the popular reconceptualization of the dog\u2013human family as a pack. A dominance model of dog\u2013human relationships has been promoted by some dog trainers, such as on the television program Dog Whisperer. However it has been disputed that \"trying to achieve status\" is characteristic of dog\u2013human interactions. Pet dogs play an active role in family life; for example, a study of conversations in dog\u2013human families showed how family members use the dog as a resource, talking to the dog, or talking through the dog, to mediate their interactions with each other."}], ["Anjing telah hidup dan bekerja dengan manusia dalam banyak peranan yang mereka telah mendapat nama samaran yang unik, \"kawan terbaik lelaki\", frasa yang digunakan dalam bahasa lain juga. Mereka dibiakkan untuk penternakan ternakan, memburu (contohnya petunjuk dan kucing), kawalan tikus, penjagaan, membantu nelayan dengan jaring, anjing pengesanan, dan beban yang menarik, sebagai tambahan kepada peranan mereka sebagai sahabat. Pada tahun 1957, satu campuran husky-terrier bernama Laika menjadi haiwan pertama untuk mengorbit Bumi. <> Apa nama samaran mempunyai anjing yang diperoleh untuk hubungan mereka dengan manusia? || kawan terbaik lelaki <> Petunjuk dan kucing diternak untuk melakukan apa? || memburu <> anjing tertentu dibiak untuk membantu nelayan dengan apa? || jaring <> Siapa anjing pertama yang mengorbit bumi pada tahun 1957? || Laika <> Apa baka itu Laika? || campuran husky-terrier <> Ungkapan apa yang menggambarkan anjing digunakan dalam bahasa yang berbeza? || kawan terbaik lelaki <> Apa jenis anjing, dalam teks, digunakan untuk memburu? || petunjuk dan serigala <> Beberapa anjing membantu nelayan dengan apa? || jaring <> Apakah nama anjing yang pertama mengorbit Bumi? || Laika <> Tahun berapa adalah anjing pertama yang dihantar ke angkasa? || 1957", {"qas": [{"question": "What nickname have dogs earned for their relationship to humans?", "id": "56d62f3e1c85041400946fa4", "answers": [{"text": "man's best friend", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Pointers and hounds are bred to do what?", "id": "56d62f3e1c85041400946fa5", "answers": [{"text": "hunt", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Certain dogs are bred to help fishermen with what?", "id": "56d62f3e1c85041400946fa6", "answers": [{"text": "nets", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first dog to orbit the earth in 1957?", "id": "56d62f3e1c85041400946fa7", "answers": [{"text": "Laika", "answer_start": 408}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What breed was Laika?", "id": "56d62f3e1c85041400946fa8", "answers": [{"text": "husky-terrier mix", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What phrase describing dogs is used in different languages?", "id": "56d9e644dc89441400fdb8d2", "answers": [{"text": "man's best friend", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What dog types, in the text, are used for hunting?", "id": "56d9e644dc89441400fdb8d3", "answers": [{"text": "pointers and hounds", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some dogs help fishermen with what?", "id": "56d9e644dc89441400fdb8d4", "answers": [{"text": "nets", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the dog to first orbit the Earth?", "id": "56d9e644dc89441400fdb8d5", "answers": [{"text": "Laika", "answer_start": 408}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the first dog sent into space?", "id": "56d9e644dc89441400fdb8d6", "answers": [{"text": "1957", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Dogs have lived and worked with humans in so many roles that they have earned the unique nickname, \"man's best friend\", a phrase used in other languages as well. They have been bred for herding livestock, hunting (e.g. pointers and hounds), rodent control, guarding, helping fishermen with nets, detection dogs, and pulling loads, in addition to their roles as companions. In 1957, a husky-terrier mix named Laika became the first animal to orbit the Earth."}], ["Pendatang dari Siberia yang berjalan di seluruh jambatan Tanah Bering ke Amerika Utara mungkin mempunyai anjing di syarikat mereka, dan seorang penulis menyarankan bahawa penggunaan anjing luncur mungkin penting bagi kejayaan gelombang yang memasuki Amerika Utara kira-kira 12,000 tahun yang lalu, walaupun bukti arkeologi yang paling awal seperti kanunan seperti anjing di Amerika Utara bermula dari sekitar 9.400 tahun yang lalu.:104 Anjing adalah bahagian penting kehidupan bagi penduduk Athabascan di Amerika Utara, dan merupakan haiwan peliharaan mereka yang hanya dijinakkan. Anjing juga membawa banyak beban dalam pemindahan suku kaum Apache dan Navajo 1,400 tahun yang lalu. Penggunaan anjing sebagai haiwan pek dalam budaya ini sering berterusan selepas pengenalan kuda ke Amerika Utara. <> Apa jenis anjing kerja mungkin sebabnya ramai manusia dapat masuk ke Amerika Utara 12,000 air mata lalu? || anjing luncur <> Apa yang orang kuno berjalan melintasi Siberia ke Amerika Utara? || Bering tanah jambatan <> Berapa lama penemuan tertua anjing di Amerika Utara? || 9,400 tahun <> Keterangan tempat anjing di Amerika Utara ketika? || 12,000 tahun yang lalu <> Anjing adalah satu-satunya haiwan peliharaan untuk penduduk Amerika Utara? || Athabascan <> Anjing menyumbang kepada penghijrahan 1400 tahun lalu? || Apache dan suku Navajo <> Orang masih menggunakan anjing sebagai haiwan pek walaupun selepas binatang lain yang mula digunakan untuk tujuan ini? || kuda", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of working dog may have been the reason so many humans were able to get into North America 12,000 tears ago?", "id": "56d629291c85041400946f48", "answers": [{"text": "sled dogs", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did ancient people walk across from Siberia into North America?", "id": "56d629291c85041400946f49", "answers": [{"text": "Bering land bridge", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old are the oldest findings of dogs in North America?", "id": "56d629291c85041400946f4a", "answers": [{"text": "9,400 years", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Evidence places dogs in North America when?", "id": "56d9c708dc89441400fdb7fa", "answers": [{"text": "12,000 years ago", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dogs were the only domesticated animals for what North American population?", "id": "56d9c708dc89441400fdb7fb", "answers": [{"text": "Athabascan", "answer_start": 438}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dogs contributed to what migration 1400 years ago?", "id": "56d9c708dc89441400fdb7fc", "answers": [{"text": "Apache and Navajo tribes", "answer_start": 578}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "People still used dogs as pack animals even after what other animal began being used for this purpose?", "id": "56d9c708dc89441400fdb7fd", "answers": [{"text": "horse", "answer_start": 712}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Emigrants from Siberia that walked across the Bering land bridge into North America may have had dogs in their company, and one writer suggests that the use of sled dogs may have been critical to the success of the waves that entered North America roughly 12,000 years ago, although the earliest archaeological evidence of dog-like canids in North America dates from about 9,400 years ago.:104 Dogs were an important part of life for the Athabascan population in North America, and were their only domesticated animal. Dogs also carried much of the load in the migration of the Apache and Navajo tribes 1,400 years ago. Use of dogs as pack animals in these cultures often persisted after the introduction of the horse to North America."}], ["Terdapat pelbagai bentuk komoditi yang tersedia untuk mengubah anjing peliharaan menjadi sahabat yang ideal. Senarai barangan, perkhidmatan dan tempat yang tersedia adalah sangat besar: dari pewangi anjing, couture, perabot dan perumahan, kepada penjaga anjing, ahli terapi, jurulatih dan penjaga, kafe anjing, spa, taman dan pantai, dan hotel anjing, syarikat penerbangan dan tanah perkuburan. Walaupun latihan anjing sebagai aktiviti terorganisir dapat dikesan kembali ke abad ke-18, dalam dekad terakhir abad ke-20 ia menjadi masalah profil tinggi seperti banyak tingkah laku anjing biasa seperti menggonggong, melompat, menggali, menggulingkan kotoran, berperang, dan penanda air kencing (yang anjing lakukan untuk menubuhkan wilayah melalui aroma), menjadi semakin tidak serasi dengan peranan baru anjing peliharaan. Buku-buku latihan anjing, kelas-kelas dan program-program televisyen berkembang sebagai proses pengambilan anjing peliharaan diteruskan. <> Adalah mudah untuk menghidupkan anjing ke teman yang sempurna kerana begitu banyak dari apa yang tersedia? || borang komoditi <> Latihan anjing boleh dikaji kembali ke abad apa? || 18th <> Bagaimana anjing menegakkan wilayah mereka sejauh bau bimbang? || tanda air kencing <> Seberapa jauh dapatkah latihan anjing ditemui? || Abad ke-18 <> Bagaimana anjing menandakan wilayah mereka? || menandakan air kencing <> Apa yang menjadi penting untuk memastikan anjing tidak melakukan perkara yang tidak dikehendaki oleh manusia, seperti melompat? || latihan", {"qas": [{"question": "It is easy to turn a canine into the perfect companion because so much of what is available?", "id": "56d62c011c85041400946f6e", "answers": [{"text": "commodity forms", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dog training can be researched back to what century?", "id": "56d62c011c85041400946f6f", "answers": [{"text": "18th", "answer_start": 414}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do dogs establish their territory as far as scent is concerned?", "id": "56d62c011c85041400946f70", "answers": [{"text": "urine marking", "answer_start": 597}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How far back can dog training be found?", "id": "56d9cadedc89441400fdb82c", "answers": [{"text": "18th century", "answer_start": 414}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do dogs mark their territory?", "id": "56d9cadedc89441400fdb82d", "answers": [{"text": "urine marking", "answer_start": 597}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has become important to ensure dogs do not do things that humans don't want them to do, such as jumping?", "id": "56d9cadedc89441400fdb82e", "answers": [{"text": "training", "answer_start": 354}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are a vast range of commodity forms available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion. The list of goods, services and places available is enormous: from dog perfumes, couture, furniture and housing, to dog groomers, therapists, trainers and caretakers, dog cafes, spas, parks and beaches, and dog hotels, airlines and cemeteries. While dog training as an organized activity can be traced back to the 18th century, in the last decades of the 20th century it became a high profile issue as many normal dog behaviors such as barking, jumping up, digging, rolling in dung, fighting, and urine marking (which dogs do to establish territory through scent), became increasingly incompatible with the new role of a pet dog. Dog training books, classes and television programs proliferated as the process of commodifying the pet dog continued."}], ["\"Bentuk interspesies yang paling meluas berlaku di antara manusia dan anjing\" dan pemeliharan anjing sebagai sahabat, terutamanya oleh golongan elit, mempunyai sejarah yang panjang. Sebagai contoh yang mungkin, di laman budaya Natufian Ain Mallaha di Israel, bertarikh 12.000 SM, mayat seorang lelaki tua dan anak anjing empat hingga lima tahun ditemui dikebumikan bersama). Walau bagaimanapun, populasi anjing peliharaan meningkat dengan pesat selepas Perang Dunia II sebagai suburbanization meningkat. Pada tahun 1950-an dan 1960-an, anjing-anjing telah dipelihara di luar lebih kerap daripada yang mereka cenderung hari ini (menggunakan ungkapan \"di rumah anjing\" untuk menerangkan pengecualian dari kumpulan menandakan jarak antara rumah anjing dan rumah) dan masih berfungsi terutamanya, sebagai pengawal, rakan sekerja kanak-kanak, atau sahabat berjalan. Sejak tahun 1980-an, terdapat perubahan dalam peranan anjing peliharaan, seperti peningkatan peranan anjing dalam sokongan emosi dari penjaga manusia mereka. Orang dan anjing telah semakin terintegrasi dan terlibat dalam kehidupan masing-masing, sehingga anjing peliharaan secara aktif membentuk cara keluarga dan rumah berpengalaman. <> Kuburan dari 12.000 SM didapati mengandungi orang yang lebih tua dan apa lagi? || puppy <> Apa dua spesies mempunyai ikatan yang paling meluas? || manusia dan anjing <> Bilakah lebih ramai orang mula menjaga anjing sebagai haiwan kesayangan? || selepas Perang Dunia II <> Apa dekad menunjukkan perubahan dalam cara orang menjaga anjing sebagai hewan peliharaan? || 1980-an <> Pada tahun 1950-an dan 1960-an kebanyakan anjing di mana disimpan di mana? || di luar <> Secara sejarah, yang khususnya mempunyai anjing sebagai sahabat? || elit <> Anjing dipelihara di mana pada tahun 1950-an dan 1960-an berbanding hari ini? || di luar <> Bilakah peranan anjing berubah menjadi lebih daripada penjaga atau sahabat berjalan? || 1980-an", {"qas": [{"question": "A grave from 12,000 BC was found to contain an older person and what else?", "id": "56d62acb1c85041400946f54", "answers": [{"text": "puppy", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two species have the most widespread bonding?", "id": "56d62acb1c85041400946f55", "answers": [{"text": "humans and dogs", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did more people begin to keep dogs as pets?", "id": "56d62acb1c85041400946f56", "answers": [{"text": "after World War II", "answer_start": 408}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What decade showed a change in the way people kept dogs as pets?", "id": "56d62acb1c85041400946f57", "answers": [{"text": "1980s", "answer_start": 785}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the 1950s and 1960s most dogs where kept where?", "id": "56d62acb1c85041400946f58", "answers": [{"text": "outside", "answer_start": 496}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Historically, who in particular had dogs as companions?", "id": "56d9c9f6dc89441400fdb818", "answers": [{"text": "elites", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dogs were kept where in the 1950s and 1960s as compared to today?", "id": "56d9c9f6dc89441400fdb81a", "answers": [{"text": "outside", "answer_start": 496}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the role of dogs change to be more than guardians or walking companions?", "id": "56d9c9f6dc89441400fdb81b", "answers": [{"text": "1980s", "answer_start": 785}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\"The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs\" and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. (As a possible example, at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha in Israel, dated to 12,000 BC, the remains of an elderly human and a four-to-five-month-old puppy were found buried together). However, pet dog populations grew significantly after World War II as suburbanization increased. In the 1950s and 1960s, dogs were kept outside more often than they tend to be today (using the expression \"in the doghouse\" to describe exclusion from the group signifies the distance between the doghouse and the home) and were still primarily functional, acting as a guard, children's playmate, or walking companion. From the 1980s, there have been changes in the role of the pet dog, such as the increased role of dogs in the emotional support of their human guardians. People and dogs have become increasingly integrated and implicated in each other's lives, to the point where pet dogs actively shape the way a family and home are experienced."}], ["Di Amerika Syarikat, kucing dan anjing adalah faktor di lebih daripada 86,000 jatuh setiap tahun. Ia telah dianggarkan sekitar 2% kecederaan yang berkaitan dengan anjing yang dirawat di hospital UK adalah kemalangan domestik. Kajian yang sama mendapati bahawa walaupun penglibatan anjing dalam kemalangan jalan raya adalah sukar untuk mengukur, kemalangan jalan raya yang berkaitan dengan anjing yang melibatkan kecederaan lebih sering melibatkan kenderaan roda dua. <> Selain anjing, apa haiwan lain yang bertanggungjawab untuk lebih dari 86,000 jatuh setiap tahun? || kucing <> Kemalangan kenderaan dengan kecederaan akibat yang melibatkan anjing lebih biasa dengan jenis kenderaan apa? || kenderaan beroda dua. <> Apa jenis kenderaan yang paling mungkin dikaitkan dengan kemalangan yang melibatkan anjing? || kenderaan beroda dua", {"qas": [{"question": "In addition to dogs, what other animal is responsible for over 86,000 falls every year?", "id": "56d6328b1c85041400946fea", "answers": [{"text": "cats", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Vehicle accidents with resulting injuries that involve dogs are more common with what type of vehicle?", "id": "56d6328b1c85041400946fec", "answers": [{"text": "two-wheeled vehicles.", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of vehicle is most likely associated with accidents involving dogs?", "id": "56d9e518dc89441400fdb8bb", "answers": [{"text": "two-wheeled vehicles", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the United States, cats and dogs are a factor in more than 86,000 falls each year. It has been estimated around 2% of dog-related injuries treated in UK hospitals are domestic accidents. The same study found that while dog involvement in road traffic accidents was difficult to quantify, dog-associated road accidents involving injury more commonly involved two-wheeled vehicles."}], ["Anjing perkhidmatan seperti anjing pemandu, anjing utiliti, anjing bantuan, anjing pendengaran, dan anjing terapi psikologi memberikan bantuan kepada individu yang mempunyai kecacatan fizikal atau mental. Sesetengah anjing yang dimiliki oleh epilepsi telah ditunjukkan untuk memberi amaran kepada pengendali mereka apabila penanda menunjukkan tanda-tanda penyitaan yang mungkin berlaku, kadang-kadang lebih awal daripada permulaan, membolehkan penjaga mencari keselamatan, ubat, atau rawatan perubatan. <> Apa jenis anjing yang membantu orang yang kurang upaya fizikal atau mental? || Perkhidmatan anjing <> Peringatan awal membolehkan epilepsi untuk mendapatkan keselamatan, mendapatkan ubat atau apa lagi? || rawatan perubatan.", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of dogs help people with physical or mental disabilities?", "id": "56d62f941c85041400946fae", "answers": [{"text": "Service dogs", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Early warning allows epileptics to get to safety, get medication or what else?", "id": "56d9e67edc89441400fdb8de", "answers": [{"text": "medical care.", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Service dogs such as guide dogs, utility dogs, assistance dogs, hearing dogs, and psychological therapy dogs provide assistance to individuals with physical or mental disabilities. Some dogs owned by epileptics have been shown to alert their handler when the handler shows signs of an impending seizure, sometimes well in advance of onset, allowing the guardian to seek safety, medication, or medical care."}], ["Di samping itu, orang dengan anjing peliharaan mengambil latihan lebih banyak daripada mereka yang mempunyai kucing dan mereka yang tidak mempunyai haiwan peliharaan. Hasilnya memberikan bukti bahawa menjaga hewan peliharaan mungkin mempunyai kesan positif terhadap kesihatan dan tingkah laku manusia, dan untuk penjaga anjing efek ini relatif jangka panjang. Penjagaan haiwan peliharaan juga dikaitkan dengan peningkatan survival penyakit arteri koronari, dengan penjaga manusia kurang berkemungkinan mati dalam tempoh satu tahun akibat infarksi miokardium akut daripada mereka yang tidak memiliki anjing. <> Orang yang mempunyai anjing lebih banyak daripada orang yang mempunyai kucing atau tidak ada binatang? || Latihan <> Orang dengan anjing melakukan apa yang lebih daripada orang yang mempunyai kucing atau tidak ada binatang peliharaan? || senaman", {"qas": [{"question": "People with dogs get more of what than people with cats or no animals?", "id": "56d637a01c85041400947005", "answers": [{"text": "exercise", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "People with dogs do what more than people who have cats or no pets?", "id": "56d9dc00dc89441400fdb86a", "answers": [{"text": "exercise", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In addition, people with pet dogs took considerably more physical exercise than those with cats and those without pets. The results provide evidence that keeping pets may have positive effects on human health and behaviour, and that for guardians of dogs these effects are relatively long-term. Pet guardianship has also been associated with increased coronary artery disease survival, with human guardians being significantly less likely to die within one year of an acute myocardial infarction than those who did not own dogs."}], ["Sebuah makalah 2005 menyatakan bahawa \"penyelidikan baru-baru ini telah gagal untuk menyokong penemuan terdahulu bahawa pemilikan haiwan dikaitkan dengan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular yang berkurang, penggunaan pengamal am yang berkurang, atau sebarang faedah psikologi atau fizikal terhadap kesihatan untuk masyarakat yang tinggal lebih tua. , bagaimanapun, menunjuk kepada ketidakhadiran yang kurang dari sekolah melalui penyakit di kalangan kanak-kanak yang hidup dengan haiwan peliharaan. \" Dalam satu kajian, penjaga baru melaporkan pengurangan yang sangat ketara dalam masalah kesihatan kecil pada bulan pertama selepas pengambilalihan haiwan, dan kesan ini dikekalkan kepada orang-orang dengan anjing hingga akhir kajian. <> Tahun apa penerbitan yang menunjukkan bahawa mempunyai haiwan kesayangan tidak bermakna risiko penyakit jantung yang lebih rendah pada orang tua? || 2005 <> Apa yang diturunkan pada kanak-kanak yang mempunyai haiwan kesayangan? || ketidakhadiran dari sekolah <> Berapa tahun laporan menyatakan bahawa penyelidikan tidak menyokong kesihatan yang lebih baik untuk orang tua yang memiliki haiwan kesayangan? || 2005", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did a publication come out indicating having a pet does not mean lower risk of heart disease in the elderly?", "id": "56d636bb1c85041400946fff", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 2}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is lowered in children who have pets?", "id": "56d636bb1c85041400947000", "answers": [{"text": "absenteeism from school", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did a report state that research did not support better health for elderly people who own pets?", "id": "56d9db72dc89441400fdb864", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 2}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A 2005 paper states \"recent research has failed to support earlier findings that pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, a reduced use of general practitioner services, or any psychological or physical benefits on health for community dwelling older people. Research has, however, pointed to significantly less absenteeism from school through sickness among children who live with pets.\" In one study, new guardians reported a highly significant reduction in minor health problems during the first month following pet acquisition, and this effect was sustained in those with dogs through to the end of the study."}], ["Mengikut kajian tahun 2008, Pusat Kawalan Penyakit A.S. dianggarkan pada tahun 2015 bahawa 4.5 juta orang di AS digigit anjing setiap tahun. Kajian tahun 2015 menganggarkan bahawa 1.8% daripada penduduk A.S. digigit setiap tahun. Pada tahun 1980-an dan 1990-an AS purata 17 kematian setiap tahun, manakala pada tahun 2000-an ini telah meningkat menjadi 26. 77% gigitan anjing berasal dari haiwan kesayangan keluarga atau kawan-kawan, dan 50% serangan berlaku pada harta anjing hukum pemiliknya. <> Berapa ramai yang digigit anjing setiap tahun di Amerika? || 4.5 juta <> Pada tahun 1980-an dan 1990-an, berapa ramai orang terbunuh setiap tahun kerana gigitan anjing? || 17 <> Pada tahun 2000-an, berapa ramai yang mati setiap tahun kerana gigitan anjing? || 26 <> Menurut laporan CDC 2008, berapa ramai yang digigit di Amerika Syarikat setiap tahun? || 4.5 juta <> Apa dekad yang menyaksikan peningkatan dari 17 hingga 26 kematian disebabkan oleh anjing? || 2000s", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people are bitten by dogs every year in America?", "id": "56d631b61c85041400946fd6", "answers": [{"text": "4.5 million", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the 1980s and 1990s, how many people were killed annually because of dog bites?", "id": "56d631b61c85041400946fd7", "answers": [{"text": "17", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the 2000s, how many people died every year because of dog bites?", "id": "56d631b61c85041400946fd8", "answers": [{"text": "26", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to a 2008 CDC report, how many are bitten in the United States annually?", "id": "56d9e79adc89441400fdb8f8", "answers": [{"text": "4.5 million", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What decade saw an increase from 17 to 26 deaths caused by dogs?", "id": "56d9e79adc89441400fdb8fa", "answers": [{"text": "2000s", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Citing a 2008 study, the U.S. Center for Disease Control estimated in 2015 that 4.5 million people in the USA are bitten by dogs each year. A 2015 study estimated that 1.8% of the U.S. population is bitten each year. In the 1980s and 1990s the US averaged 17 fatalities per year, while in the 2000s this has increased to 26. 77% of dog bites are from the pet of family or friends, and 50% of attacks occur on the property of the dog's legal owner."}], ["Dalam pertunjukan kesesuaian, juga dirujuk sebagai pertunjukan baka, seorang hakim yang biasa dengan baka anjing spesifik menilai anjing tulen individu untuk mematuhi jenis baka yang ditakrifkan seperti yang diterangkan dalam piawai baka. Oleh kerana standard baka hanya berkaitan dengan kualiti anjing luar biasa (seperti penampilan, pergerakan, dan perangai), kualiti yang diuji secara berasingan (seperti keupayaan atau kesihatan) bukanlah sebahagian daripada penilaian dalam persembahan yang sesuai. <> Apakah persembahan kesesuaian juga dikenali sebagai? || baka menunjukkan <> Siapa yang menilai anjing pada menunjukkan baka? || seorang hakim <> Apa hakim yang mencari dalam baka spesifik? || kesesuaian dengan baka mereka yang dibentuk <> Apakah satu-satunya standard yang dihakimi? || ciri-ciri luar yang boleh dilihat <> Apakah perkataan lain untuk \"menunjukkan baka\"? || pertunjukan pengesahan. <> Apa penilai yang dipanggil dalam pertunjukan baka? || seorang hakim <> The breed breed hanya tentang apa? || ciri-ciri luaran yang boleh dilihat <> Keupayaan dan apa lagi yang tidak diuji pada menunjukkan baka? || kesihatan", {"qas": [{"question": "What are conformation shows also known as?", "id": "56d62ff01c85041400946fb2", "answers": [{"text": "breed shows", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who evaluates dogs at breed shows?", "id": "56d62ff01c85041400946fb3", "answers": [{"text": "a judge", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the judge looking for in specific breeds?", "id": "56d62ff01c85041400946fb4", "answers": [{"text": "conformity with their established breed", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the only standard judged?", "id": "56d62ff01c85041400946fb5", "answers": [{"text": "externally observable qualities", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another word for \"breed shows\"?", "id": "56d9e6b9dc89441400fdb8e2", "answers": [{"text": "conformation shows.", "answer_start": 442}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the evaluator called in a breed show?", "id": "56d9e6b9dc89441400fdb8e3", "answers": [{"text": "a judge", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The breed standard only is about what?", "id": "56d9e6b9dc89441400fdb8e4", "answers": [{"text": "externally observable qualities", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Abilities and what else are not tested at breed shows?", "id": "56d9e6b9dc89441400fdb8e5", "answers": [{"text": "health", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In conformation shows, also referred to as breed shows, a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard. As the breed standard only deals with the externally observable qualities of the dog (such as appearance, movement, and temperament), separately tested qualities (such as ability or health) are not part of the judging in conformation shows."}], ["Hidangan anjing Korea yang paling popular adalah gaejang-guk (juga dikenali sebagai bosintang), rebus pedas yang dimaksudkan untuk mengimbangi haba badan semasa musim panas; pengikut tuntutan adat ini dilakukan untuk memastikan kesihatan yang baik dengan menyeimbangkan tenaga seseorang, atau tenaga vital tubuh. Versi gaejang-guk abad ke-19 menerangkan bahawa hidangan itu disediakan oleh daging anjing mendidih dengan daun bawang dan serbuk cili. Variasi hidangan mengandungi pucuk ayam dan buluh. Walaupun hidangan masih popular di Korea dengan segmen penduduk, anjing tidak dimakan secara meluas sebagai daging lembu, ayam, dan daging babi. <> Apakah hidangan Korea yang paling terkenal dengan daging anjing? || gaejang-guk <> Apa itu Gaejang-guk? || rebusan pedas <> Mengapa orang makan Gaejang-guk pada bulan-bulan musim panas? || untuk mengimbangi haba badan <> Apakah daging anjing yang direbus untuk membuat Gaejang-guk? || daun bawang dan serbuk cili. <> Bilakah resipi anjing Korea biasanya dimakan? || bulan-bulan musim panas <> Apakah dua bahan lain dalam resipi daging anjing di Korea? || daun bawang dan serbuk cili.", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the best known Korean dish made with dog meat?", "id": "56d6311c1c85041400946fce", "answers": [{"text": "gaejang-guk", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Gaejang-guk?", "id": "56d6311c1c85041400946fcf", "answers": [{"text": "a spicy stew", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why do people eat Gaejang-guk in the summer months?", "id": "56d6311c1c85041400946fd0", "answers": [{"text": "to balance the body's heat", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is dog meat boiled with to create Gaejang-guk?", "id": "56d6311c1c85041400946fd1", "answers": [{"text": "scallions and chili powder.", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When is the Korean dog recipe usually eaten?", "id": "56d9e727dc89441400fdb8f3", "answers": [{"text": "the summer months", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two other ingredients in the dog meat recipe in Korea?", "id": "56d9e727dc89441400fdb8f4", "answers": [{"text": "scallions and chili powder.", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The most popular Korean dog dish is gaejang-guk (also called bosintang), a spicy stew meant to balance the body's heat during the summer months; followers of the custom claim this is done to ensure good health by balancing one's gi, or vital energy of the body. A 19th century version of gaejang-guk explains that the dish is prepared by boiling dog meat with scallions and chili powder. Variations of the dish contain chicken and bamboo shoots. While the dishes are still popular in Korea with a segment of the population, dog is not as widely consumed as beef, chicken, and pork."}], ["Telur Toxocara canis (anjing cacing) telur dalam kotoran anjing boleh menyebabkan toksokariasis. Di Amerika Syarikat, kira-kira 10,000 kes jangkitan Toxocara dilaporkan pada manusia setiap tahun, dan hampir 14% daripada populasi A.S. dijangkiti. Di Britain, 24% sampel tanah yang diambil dari taman awam mengandungi telur T. canis. Toxocariasis yang tidak dihidapi boleh menyebabkan kerosakan retina dan penglihatan yang kurang. Kutu anjing juga boleh mengandungi cacing yang menyebabkan larva kulit manusia pada manusia. <> Apakah nama umum spesies yang menyebabkan Toxocariasis? || anjing roundworm <> Bagaimana jangkitan toksik kanis boleh menyebar? || anjing najis <> Berapa banyak orang yang mendapat jangkitan Toxocara setiap tahun? || 10,000 <> Toxocariasis boleh menyebabkan apa yang berlaku pada manusia? || kerosakan retina dan penglihatan yang menurun. <> Toxocariasis disebabkan oleh apa jenis telur dalam kotoran anjing? || roundworm <> Berapa peratus daripada orang di Amerika dijangkiti jangkitan Toxocara? || 14 <> Berapa banyak kes jangkitan Toxocara dilaporkan setiap tahun di Amerika Syarikat? || 10,000 <> Berapa peratus daripada tanah yang terkandung telur T. canis di taman awam Great Britain? || 24 <> Jika toksokariasis tidak dirawat, apa yang boleh berlaku kepada seseorang? || kerosakan retina dan penglihatan yang menurun", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the common name of the species that causes Toxocariasis?", "id": "56d6339d1c85041400946ff0", "answers": [{"text": "dog roundworm", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are Toxicara canis infections spread?", "id": "56d6339d1c85041400946ff1", "answers": [{"text": "dog feces", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many people get a Toxocara infection each year?", "id": "56d6339d1c85041400946ff2", "answers": [{"text": "10,000", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Toxocariasis can lead to what in humans?", "id": "56d6339d1c85041400946ff4", "answers": [{"text": "retinal damage and decreased vision.", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Toxocariasis is caused by what kind of eggs in dog feces?", "id": "56d9d2e5dc89441400fdb856", "answers": [{"text": "roundworm", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of people in America are infected with the Toxocara infection?", "id": "56d9d2e5dc89441400fdb857", "answers": [{"text": "14", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Toxocara infection cases are reported annually in the US?", "id": "56d9d2e5dc89441400fdb858", "answers": [{"text": "10,000", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of soil contained T. canis eggs in Great Britain public parks?", "id": "56d9d2e5dc89441400fdb859", "answers": [{"text": "24", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If toxocariasis is left untreated, what can happen to a person?", "id": "56d9d2e5dc89441400fdb85a", "answers": [{"text": "retinal damage and decreased vision", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) eggs in dog feces can cause toxocariasis. In the United States, about 10,000 cases of Toxocara infection are reported in humans each year, and almost 14% of the U.S. population is infected. In Great Britain, 24% of soil samples taken from public parks contained T. canis eggs. Untreated toxocariasis can cause retinal damage and decreased vision. Dog feces can also contain hookworms that cause cutaneous larva migrans in humans."}], ["Kajian Colorado mendapati gigitan pada kanak-kanak kurang teruk daripada gigitan orang dewasa. Insiden gigitan anjing di Amerika Syarikat adalah 12.9 setiap 10,000 penduduk, tetapi untuk kanak-kanak lelaki berumur 5 hingga 9, kadar insiden adalah 60.7 bagi setiap 10,000. Selain itu, kanak-kanak mempunyai peluang yang lebih tinggi untuk digigit di muka atau leher. Cakar tajam dengan otot yang kuat di belakangnya boleh menghancurkan daging dalam calar yang boleh mengakibatkan jangkitan serius. <> Menurut kajian Colorado, gigitan anjing adalah apa yang ada pada kanak-kanak berbanding dengan orang dewasa? || Kurang teruk <> Daripada 10,000 orang, berapa ramai yang digigit anjing di Amerika Syarikat? || 12.9 <> Daripada 10,000 kanak-kanak lelaki antara lima dan sembilan tahun, berapa ramai yang digigit setiap tahun oleh anjing? || 60.7 <> Kanak-kanak sering kali di mana oleh anjing? || muka atau leher. <> Gunting anjing boleh membawa kepada keadaan perubatan apa? || jangkitan. <> Di manakah kajian yang dilakukan menunjukkan gigitan anjing kurang serius pada kanak-kanak daripada orang dewasa? || Colorado <> Kira-kira 12.9 daripada 10,000 adalah sedikit oleh anjing, tetapi berapa angka dalam 10,000 untuk kanak-kanak lelaki dari 5 hingga 9? || 60.7 <> Menurut teks, calar anjing boleh menyebabkan apa? || jangkitan.", {"qas": [{"question": "According to a Colorado study, dog bites are what in children as compared to adults?", "id": "56d632371c85041400946fe0", "answers": [{"text": "less severe", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Out of 10,000 people, how many people are bitten by dogs in the United States?", "id": "56d632371c85041400946fe1", "answers": [{"text": "12.9", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Out of 10,000 boys between five and nine years old, how many are bitten annually by dogs?", "id": "56d632371c85041400946fe2", "answers": [{"text": "60.7", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Children are often bit where by dogs?", "id": "56d632371c85041400946fe3", "answers": [{"text": "the face or neck.", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A dog scratch can lead to what medical condition?", "id": "56d632371c85041400946fe4", "answers": [{"text": "infections.", "answer_start": 396}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the study done that showed dog bites were less serious in children than adults?", "id": "56d9e7e4dc89441400fdb902", "answers": [{"text": "Colorado", "answer_start": 2}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About 12.9 out of 10,000 are bit by dogs, but what is the number in 10,000 for young boys from 5 to 9?", "id": "56d9e7e4dc89441400fdb903", "answers": [{"text": "60.7", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to the text, dog scratches can cause what?", "id": "56d9e7e4dc89441400fdb905", "answers": [{"text": "infections.", "answer_start": 396}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A Colorado study found bites in children were less severe than bites in adults. The incidence of dog bites in the US is 12.9 per 10,000 inhabitants, but for boys aged 5 to 9, the incidence rate is 60.7 per 10,000. Moreover, children have a much higher chance to be bitten in the face or neck. Sharp claws with powerful muscles behind them can lacerate flesh in a scratch that can lead to serious infections."}], ["Daging anjing dimakan di beberapa negara Asia Timur, termasuk Korea, China, dan Vietnam, amalan yang bermula dari zaman dahulu. Dianggarkan 13-16 juta anjing dibunuh dan dimakan di Asia setiap tahun. Budaya lain, seperti Polynesia dan Mexico pra-Kolombia, juga mengonsumsi daging anjing dalam sejarah mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, budaya Barat, Asia Selatan, Afrika, dan Timur Tengah, secara umum, menganggap penggunaan daging anjing sebagai pantang larang. Walau bagaimanapun, di beberapa tempat seperti di kawasan luar bandar Poland, lemak anjing dipercayai mempunyai ciri-ciri perubatan - yang baik untuk paru-paru misalnya. Daging anjing juga dimakan di beberapa bahagian di Switzerland. Penyokong makan daging anjing berpendapat bahawa meletakkan perbezaan antara ternakan dan anjing adalah kepura-puraan barat, dan tidak ada perbezaan dengan makan daging haiwan yang berbeza. <> Di mana sesetengah orang makan anjing? || Negara-negara Asia Timur <> Sebagai tambahan kepada yang lain, budaya Barat menganggap makan daging anjing sebagai apa? || tabu. <> Di kawasan pedalaman Poland, apa yang dianggap ubat untuk paru-paru? || lemak anjing <> Apa yang orang makan daging anjing menganggap budaya Barat, kerana orang di sana makan banyak haiwan yang berbeza? || hipokrisik barat <> Barat, Asia Selatan dan Timur Tengah berfikir makan anjing adalah apa? || taboo <> Anjing lemak di beberapa bahagian di Poland dianggap mempunyai apa? || hartanah perubatan", {"qas": [{"question": "Where do some people eat dogs?", "id": "56d630a31c85041400946fc4", "answers": [{"text": "East Asian countries", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to others, Western culture considers eating dog meat as what?", "id": "56d630a31c85041400946fc6", "answers": [{"text": "taboo.", "answer_start": 429}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In rural Poland areas, what is considered medicinal for lungs?", "id": "56d630a31c85041400946fc7", "answers": [{"text": "dog fat", "answer_start": 495}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do people who eat dog meat consider Western culture, since people there do eat many different animals?", "id": "56d630a31c85041400946fc8", "answers": [{"text": "western hypocrisy", "answer_start": 738}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The West, South Asia and Middle East think eating dogs is what?", "id": "56d9e6f0dc89441400fdb8eb", "answers": [{"text": "taboo", "answer_start": 429}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dog fat in some parts of Poland is thought to have what?", "id": "56d9e6f0dc89441400fdb8ec", "answers": [{"text": "medicinal properties", "answer_start": 523}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Dog meat is consumed in some East Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Vietnam, a practice that dates back to antiquity. It is estimated that 13\u201316 million dogs are killed and consumed in Asia every year. Other cultures, such as Polynesia and pre-Columbian Mexico, also consumed dog meat in their history. However, Western, South Asian, African, and Middle Eastern cultures, in general, regard consumption of dog meat as taboo. In some places, however, such as in rural areas of Poland, dog fat is believed to have medicinal properties\u2014being good for the lungs for instance. Dog meat is also consumed in some parts of Switzerland. Proponents of eating dog meat have argued that placing a distinction between livestock and dogs is western hypocrisy, and that there is no difference with eating the meat of different animals."}], ["Anjing juga terdedah kepada beberapa keadaan kesihatan yang sama seperti manusia, termasuk kencing manis, penyakit gigi dan jantung, epilepsi, kanser, hipotiroidisme, dan arthritis. <> Anjing boleh mempunyai masalah kesihatan yang sama dengan siapa? || manusia", {"qas": [{"question": "Dogs can have the same health issues as who?", "id": "56d9a1bbdc89441400fdb658", "answers": [{"text": "humans", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Dogs are also vulnerable to some of the same health conditions as humans, including diabetes, dental and heart disease, epilepsy, cancer, hypothyroidism, and arthritis."}], ["Di negara-negara Asia seperti China, Korea, dan Jepun, anjing dilihat sebagai pelindung jenis. Peranan anjing dalam mitologi Cina termasuk kedudukan sebagai salah satu daripada dua belas ekor binatang yang secara kitaran mewakili tahun (anjing zodiak). <> Tiga negara Asia melihat anjing sebagai apa? || pelindung jenis. <> Negara mana yang mempunyai anjing sebagai sebahagian daripada 12 hewan yang mewakili tahun? || China <> Bagaimana anjing dilihat di negara Asia? || sebagai pelindung jenis", {"qas": [{"question": "Three Asian countries see dogs as what?", "id": "56d63d3a1c85041400947051", "answers": [{"text": "kind protectors.", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country has the dog as part of its 12 animals that represent years?", "id": "56d63d3a1c85041400947052", "answers": [{"text": "China", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are dogs viewed in Asian countries?", "id": "56d9de64dc89441400fdb876", "answers": [{"text": "as kind protectors", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Asian countries such as China, Korea, and Japan, dogs are viewed as kind protectors. The role of the dog in Chinese mythology includes a position as one of the twelve animals which cyclically represent years (the zodiacal dog)."}], ["Undang-undang Yahudi tidak melarang menjaga anjing dan binatang peliharaan lain. Undang-undang Yahudi menghendaki orang Yahudi memakan anjing (dan haiwan lain yang mereka miliki) sebelum mereka, dan membuat pengaturan untuk memberi makan mereka sebelum mendapatkannya. Dalam agama Kristian, anjing mewakili kesetiaan. <> Apakah anjing mewakili orang Kristian? || kesetiaan. <> Undang-undang Yahudi menetapkan bahawa setiap orang yang memiliki anjing harus memberi makan kepada anjing itu sebelum siapa? || mereka sendiri <> Jika seorang Yahudi memiliki seekor anjing, dia mesti melakukan apa yang harus dilakukan anjing itu sebelum dia melakukannya kepada dirinya sendiri? || makan <> Apakah anjing itu mewakili budaya Kristian? || kesetiaan", {"qas": [{"question": "What do dogs represent to Christians?", "id": "56d63cd11c8504140094704b", "answers": [{"text": "faithfulness.", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Jewish law dictates that anyone owning a dog must feed the dog before who?", "id": "56d63cd11c8504140094704c", "answers": [{"text": "themselves", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If a Jewish person owns a dog, he must do what to do the dog before he does it to himself?", "id": "56d9dfc9dc89441400fdb880", "answers": [{"text": "feed", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does a dog represent in the Christian culture?", "id": "56d9dfc9dc89441400fdb882", "answers": [{"text": "faithfulness", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Jewish law does not prohibit keeping dogs and other pets. Jewish law requires Jews to feed dogs (and other animals that they own) before themselves, and make arrangements for feeding them before obtaining them. In Christianity, dogs represent faithfulness."}], ["Penggambaran budaya anjing dalam seni melangkaui ribuan tahun apabila anjing digambarkan di dinding gua. Perwakilan anjing menjadi lebih rumit apabila baka individu berkembang dan hubungan antara manusia dan anjing berkembang. Pemandangan memburu yang popular pada Zaman Pertengahan dan Renaisans. Anjing digambarkan untuk melambangkan panduan, perlindungan, kesetiaan, kesetiaan, kesetiaan, kesabaran, dan cinta. <> Beribu tahun yang lalu, anjing digambarkan di dinding apa? || gua. <> Apa adegan yang popular dalam seni semasa Abad Pertengahan? || Memburu <> Anjing digambarkan sebagai seni di dinding apa? || gua <> Apakah jenis seni rupa yang popular di Zaman Pertengahan? || Adegan berburu <> Sebagai hubungan antara manusia dan anjing semakin dekat, apa yang terjadi pada seni yang mempunyai anjing di dalamnya? || menjadi lebih terperinci", {"qas": [{"question": "Thousands of years ago, dogs were depicted on the walls of what?", "id": "56d63d821c85041400947055", "answers": [{"text": "caves.", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What scenes were popular in art during the Middle Ages?", "id": "56d63d821c85041400947057", "answers": [{"text": "Hunting", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dogs were depicted as art on the walls of what?", "id": "56d9df78dc89441400fdb87a", "answers": [{"text": "caves", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of art scene was popular in the Middle Ages?", "id": "56d9df78dc89441400fdb87b", "answers": [{"text": "Hunting scenes", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As relationships between people and dogs got closer, what happened to the art that had dogs in it?", "id": "56d9df78dc89441400fdb87c", "answers": [{"text": "became more elaborate", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Cultural depictions of dogs in art extend back thousands of years to when dogs were portrayed on the walls of caves. Representations of dogs became more elaborate as individual breeds evolved and the relationships between human and canine developed. Hunting scenes were popular in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Dogs were depicted to symbolize guidance, protection, loyalty, fidelity, faithfulness, watchfulness, and love."}], ["Anjing pengesanan perubatan mampu mengesan penyakit dengan menghidu seseorang secara terus atau sampel air kencing atau spesimen lain. Anjing dapat mengesan bau dalam satu bahagian per trilion, kerana korteks pencium otak mereka (berbanding dengan jumlah keseluruhan otak) 40 kali lebih besar daripada manusia. Anjing boleh mempunyai sebanyak 300 juta bau reseptor di hidungnya, sementara manusia mungkin mempunyai hanya 5 juta. Setiap anjing dilatih khusus untuk mengesan penyakit tunggal dari paras glukosa darah yang menunjukkan kencing manis kepada kanser. Untuk melatih anjing kanser memerlukan 6 bulan. Seorang Retriever Labrador yang dipanggil Daisy telah mengesan 551 pesakit kanser dengan ketepatan 93 peratus dan menerima Pingat Biru (untuk haiwan peliharaan) Medali untuk kemahiran menyelamatkan nyawa beliau. <> Apa yang boleh anjing terlatih mengesan dengan menghidu seseorang atau sampel air kencing mereka? || penyakit <> Berapa lebih besar adalah korteks penciuman otak anjing jika dibandingkan dengan manusia? || 40 kali lebih besar <> Anjing boleh mengesan bau dalam satu bahagian dengan apa? || trilion <> Berapa lebih besar adalah korteks penciuman anjing daripada seseorang? || 40 kali lebih besar <> Berapa banyak pesakit kanser yang dikesan Daisy? || 551", {"qas": [{"question": "What can trained dogs detect by sniffing a person or a sample of their urine?", "id": "56d63a1e1c8504140094701d", "answers": [{"text": "diseases", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much larger is a dog brain olfactory cortex when compared to humans?", "id": "56d63a1e1c8504140094701e", "answers": [{"text": "40 times larger", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A dog can detect smells in one part per what?", "id": "56d63a1e1c8504140094701f", "answers": [{"text": "trillion", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much larger is a dog's olfactory cortex than a person's?", "id": "56d9e308dc89441400fdb899", "answers": [{"text": "40 times larger", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many cancer patients has Daisy detected?", "id": "56d9e308dc89441400fdb89b", "answers": [{"text": "551", "answer_start": 598}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Medical detection dogs are capable of detecting diseases by sniffing a person directly or samples of urine or other specimens. Dogs can detect odour in one part per trillion, as their brain's olfactory cortex is (relative to total brain size) 40 times larger than humans. Dogs may have as many as 300 million odour receptors in their nose, while humans may have only 5 million. Each dog is trained specifically for the detection of single disease from the blood glucose level indicative to diabetes to cancer. To train a cancer dog requires 6 months. A Labrador Retriever called Daisy has detected 551 cancer patients with an accuracy of 93 percent and received the Blue Cross (for pets) Medal for her life-saving skills."}], ["Dalam mitologi Hindu, Yama, dewa kematian memiliki dua anjing menonton yang mempunyai empat mata. Mereka dikatakan untuk mengawasi pintu-pintu Naraka. Hunter god Muthappan dari wilayah Malabar Utara Kerala mempunyai anjing pemburu sebagai gunungnya. Anjing yang terdapat di dalam dan di luar Kuil Muthappan dan persembahan di kuil mengambil bentuk patung anjing gangsa. <> Dalam mitologi Hindu, apakah dua anjing yang dimiliki oleh tuhan kematian menonton? || pintu-pintu Naraka. <> Apa nama tuhan kematian? || Yama <> Persembahan di Kuil Muthappan mengambil apa bentuk? || patung anjing gangsa. <> Siapa yang memiliki dua anjing dengan empat mata masing-masing dalam mitologi Hindu? || Yama <> Apa yang dilihat oleh anjing Yama? || pintu gerbang Naraka <> Apa gunanya Muthappan untuk anjing pemburunya? || gunung <> Persembahan yang ditinggalkan di Kuil Muthappan mengambil apa bentuk? || patung anjing gangsa", {"qas": [{"question": "In Hindu mythology, what do the two dogs who are owned by the god of death watch over?", "id": "56d63b901c85041400947039", "answers": [{"text": "the gates of Naraka.", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the god of death?", "id": "56d63b901c8504140094703b", "answers": [{"text": "Yama", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Offerings at the Muthappan Temple shrine take on what form?", "id": "56d63b901c8504140094703c", "answers": [{"text": "bronze dog figurines.", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who owns two dogs with four eyes each in Hindu mythology?", "id": "56d9e452dc89441400fdb8b2", "answers": [{"text": "Yama", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do Yama's dogs watch over?", "id": "56d9e452dc89441400fdb8b3", "answers": [{"text": "the gates of Naraka", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Muthappan use for his hunting dog for?", "id": "56d9e452dc89441400fdb8b4", "answers": [{"text": "mount", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Offerings left at the Muthappan Temple shrine take on what form?", "id": "56d9e452dc89441400fdb8b5", "answers": [{"text": "bronze dog figurines", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Hindu mythology, Yama, the god of death owns two watch dogs who have four eyes. They are said to watch over the gates of Naraka. Hunter god Muthappan from North Malabar region of Kerala has a hunting dog as his mount. Dogs are found in and out of the Muthappan Temple and offerings at the shrine take the form of bronze dog figurines."}], ["Dalam mitologi Yunani, Cerberus adalah pengawas tiga kepala yang menjaga pintu gerbang Hades. Dalam mitologi Norse, seekor anjing berdarah empat bernama Garmr yang menjaga Helheim. Dalam mitologi Parsi, dua anjing bermata empat menjaga jambatan Chinvat. Dalam mitologi Filipina, Kimat yang merupakan haiwan kesayangan Tadaklan, dewa guntur, bertanggungjawab untuk kilat. Dalam mitologi Welsh, Annwn dijaga oleh C\u0175n Annwn. <> Apa nama anjing dengan tiga kepala dalam mitologi Yunani? || Cerberus <> Apa pengawal Cerberus? || pintu gerbang Hades. <> Apa nama anjing dengan empat mata dalam mitologi Norse? || Garmr <> Apakah nama anjing dalam mitologi Filipina yang bertanggungjawab untuk kilat? || Kimat <> Kimat adalah anjing Tadaklan, yang merupakan tuhan dari apa? || guntur <> Dalam mitologi apa yang dilakukan dua anjing tengok menonton Jambatan Chinvat? || Persia <> Siapakah pengawal tiga yang mengawal Hades? || Cerberus <> Siapa anjing yang menjaga Helheim? || Garmr <> Siapa Tadaklan? || tuhan guntur <> Siapa haiwan peliharaan Tadaklan yang bertanggungjawab untuk kilat? || Kimat", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the dog with three heads in Greek mythology?", "id": "56d63b2c1c8504140094702f", "answers": [{"text": "Cerberus", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Cerberus guard?", "id": "56d63b2c1c85041400947030", "answers": [{"text": "the gates of Hades.", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the dog with four eyes in Norse mythology?", "id": "56d63b2c1c85041400947031", "answers": [{"text": "Garmr", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the dog in Philippine mythology who is responsible for lightning?", "id": "56d63b2c1c85041400947032", "answers": [{"text": "Kimat", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Kimat is the dog of Tadaklan, who is the god of what?", "id": "56d63b2c1c85041400947033", "answers": [{"text": "thunder", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what mythology do two canines watch over the Chinvat Bridge?", "id": "56d9e3e8dc89441400fdb8a8", "answers": [{"text": "Persian", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the three headed watchdog guarding Hades?", "id": "56d9e3e8dc89441400fdb8a9", "answers": [{"text": "Cerberus", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the dog that guards Helheim?", "id": "56d9e3e8dc89441400fdb8aa", "answers": [{"text": "Garmr", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is Tadaklan?", "id": "56d9e3e8dc89441400fdb8ab", "answers": [{"text": "god of thunder", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is Tadaklan's pet that is responsible for lightning?", "id": "56d9e3e8dc89441400fdb8ac", "answers": [{"text": "Kimat", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Greek mythology, Cerberus is a three-headed watchdog who guards the gates of Hades. In Norse mythology, a bloody, four-eyed dog called Garmr guards Helheim. In Persian mythology, two four-eyed dogs guard the Chinvat Bridge. In Philippine mythology, Kimat who is the pet of Tadaklan, god of thunder, is responsible for lightning. In Welsh mythology, Annwn is guarded by C\u0175n Annwn."}], ["Dalam Islam, anjing dianggap najis kerana mereka dilihat sebagai pemulung. Pada tahun 2015 ahli majlis bandar raya Hasan K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dari The Hague menyeru pemilikan anjing untuk dijadikan haram di bandar itu. Aktivis Islam di L\u00e9rida, Sepanyol, melobi untuk anjing untuk dilepaskan dari kawasan kejiranan Muslim, mengatakan kehadiran mereka melanggar kebebasan beragama Islam. Di Britain, anjing-anjing penggali polis digunakan dengan teliti, dan tidak dibenarkan untuk menghubungi penumpang, hanya barang-barang mereka. Mereka dikehendaki memakai booties anjing ketika mencari masjid atau rumah Muslim. <> Bagaimana anjing dilihat dalam Islam? || sebagai najis <> Mengapa anjing dianggap najis dalam Islam? || penipu <> Apa bandar yang dibuat kerana anjing haram pada tahun 2015? || The Hague <> Di Britain, seekor anjing yang digunakan dalam pencarian di masjid atau rumah yang diduduki umat Islam mesti memakai apa? || Mengapa anjing dilihat sebagai najis dalam Islam? || Penipu <> Bilakah ia menjadi haram untuk seseorang memiliki anjing di The Hague? || 2015 <> Di manakah para aktivis mahu anjing yang tinggal di luar kawasan kejiranan kerana melanggar hak kebebasan beragama? || L\u00e9rida, Sepanyol <> Apakah anjing-anjing sniffer yang digunakan oleh polis British dibenarkan untuk menyentuh bukan penumpang? || barang mereka", {"qas": [{"question": "How are dogs viewed in Islam?", "id": "56d63c501c85041400947041", "answers": [{"text": "as unclean", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why are dogs viewed as unclean in Islam?", "id": "56d63c501c85041400947042", "answers": [{"text": "scavengers", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city made owing dogs illegal in 2015?", "id": "56d63c501c85041400947043", "answers": [{"text": "The Hague", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Britain, a dog used in a search at a mosque or a home occupied by Muslims must wear what?", "id": "56d63c501c85041400947045", "answers": [{"text": "leather dog booties", "answer_start": 478}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why are dogs seen as unclean in Islam?", "id": "56d9e156dc89441400fdb886", "answers": [{"text": "scavengers", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did it become illegal for a person to own a dog in The Hague?", "id": "56d9e156dc89441400fdb887", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did activists want dogs kept out of neighborhoods because it violated religious freedom?", "id": "56d9e156dc89441400fdb888", "answers": [{"text": "L\u00e9rida, Spain", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are sniffer dogs used by British police allowed to touch instead of a passenger?", "id": "56d9e156dc89441400fdb889", "answers": [{"text": "their luggage", "answer_start": 437}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Islam, dogs are viewed as unclean because they are viewed as scavengers. In 2015 city councillor Hasan K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck of The Hague called for dog ownership to be made illegal in that city. Islamic activists in L\u00e9rida, Spain, lobbied for dogs to be kept out of Muslim neighborhoods, saying their presence violated Muslims' religious freedom. In Britain, police sniffer dogs are carefully used, and are not permitted to contact passengers, only their luggage. They are required to wear leather dog booties when searching mosques or Muslim homes."}], ["Manfaat kesihatan anjing boleh disebabkan oleh hubungan dengan anjing secara umum, dan bukan semata-mata daripada mempunyai anjing sebagai haiwan kesayangan. Sebagai contoh, ketika berada di hadapan anjing peliharaan, orang menunjukkan pengurangan dalam penekanan kardiovaskular, tingkah laku, dan psikologi kegelisahan. Faedah kesihatan lain diperoleh daripada pendedahan kepada mikroorganisma yang merangsang imun, yang, menurut hipotesis kebersihan, dapat melindungi terhadap alergi dan penyakit autoimun. Faedah hubungan dengan seekor anjing juga termasuk sokongan sosial, kerana anjing mampu bukan sahaja memberikan persahabatan dan sokongan sosial sendiri, tetapi juga bertindak sebagai fasilitator interaksi sosial antara manusia. Satu kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengguna kerusi roda mengalami lebih banyak interaksi sosial positif dengan orang yang tidak dikenali apabila mereka disertai dengan anjing daripada ketika mereka tidak. Pada tahun 2015, satu kajian mendapati bahawa pemilik haiwan kesayangan lebih cenderung untuk mengenali orang di kawasan kejiranan mereka daripada pemilik bukan haiwan. <> Apa yang didedahkan oleh manusia dengan haiwan peliharaan yang boleh membantu mereka tidak sakit? || mikroorganisma yang merangsang imun <> Anjing boleh bertindak sebagai pemudah cara antara manusia? || interaksi sosial <> Berapa tahun kajian yang dilakukan yang menunjukkan orang dengan haiwan peliharaan lebih cenderung untuk mengenali jiran-jiran? || 2015 <> Apa yang berkurang apabila orang berada dengan anjing peliharaan mereka? || kecemasan <> Orang dalam kerusi roda mempunyai interaksi sosial yang lebih baik dengan siapa ketika anjing terlibat? || orang asing", {"qas": [{"question": "What do humans get exposed to with pets that may help them not get sick?", "id": "56d638e71c8504140094700c", "answers": [{"text": "immune-stimulating microorganisms", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dogs can act as a facilitator of what between human beings?", "id": "56d638e71c8504140094700d", "answers": [{"text": "social interactions", "answer_start": 623}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the study done that indicated people with pets are more likely to get to know neighbors?", "id": "56d638e71c8504140094700f", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 823}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is lessened when people are with their pet dogs?", "id": "56d9ddf4dc89441400fdb86f", "answers": [{"text": "anxiety", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "People in wheelchairs have better social interactions with who when dogs are involved?", "id": "56d9ddf4dc89441400fdb871", "answers": [{"text": "strangers", "answer_start": 751}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The health benefits of dogs can result from contact with dogs in general, and not solely from having dogs as pets. For example, when in the presence of a pet dog, people show reductions in cardiovascular, behavioral, and psychological indicators of anxiety. Other health benefits are gained from exposure to immune-stimulating microorganisms, which, according to the hygiene hypothesis, can protect against allergies and autoimmune diseases. The benefits of contact with a dog also include social support, as dogs are able to not only provide companionship and social support themselves, but also to act as facilitators of social interactions between humans. One study indicated that wheelchair users experience more positive social interactions with strangers when they are accompanied by a dog than when they are not. In 2015, a study found that pet owners were significantly more likely to get to know people in their neighborhood than non-pet owners."}], ["Amalan menggunakan anjing dan haiwan lain sebagai sebahagian daripada terapi bermula pada akhir abad ke-18, apabila haiwan diperkenalkan ke institusi mental untuk membantu mensosialisasikan pesakit dengan gangguan mental. Penyelidikan intervensi yang dibantu haiwan menunjukkan bahawa terapi yang dibantu haiwan dengan seekor anjing boleh meningkatkan tingkah laku sosial, seperti tersenyum dan ketawa, di kalangan orang yang mengalami penyakit Alzheimer. Satu kajian menunjukkan bahawa kanak-kanak dengan ADHD dan kelainan yang mengambil bahagian dalam program pendidikan dengan anjing dan haiwan lain menunjukkan peningkatan kehadiran, meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemahiran objektif, dan menurunkan tingkah laku antisosial dan ganas berbanding mereka yang tidak dalam program bantuan haiwan. <> Anjing diambil di mana untuk membantu orang yang mengalami gangguan mental bersosial? || institusi mental <> Terapi anjing boleh membantu meningkatkan apa yang dialami oleh orang yang menderita Alzheimer? || tingkah laku sosial <> Apakah penurunan pada kanak-kanak dengan ADHD apabila mereka terdedah kepada anjing terapi? || tingkah laku antisosial dan ganas <> Bilakah orang mula menggunakan anjing sebagai terapi? || akhir abad ke 18 <> Di manakah anjing diperkenalkan kemudian untuk membantu orang yang bersosial? || institusi mental <> Kanak-kanak yang mempunyai ADHD atau gangguan kelakuan bertindak balas dengan lebih baik apabila apa yang menjadi sebahagian daripada pelan rawatan mereka? || anjing <> Orang yang mempunyai senyuman Alzheimer dan ketawa dengan apa jenis terapi? || terapi yang dibantu haiwan", {"qas": [{"question": "Dogs were taken where to help people with mental disorders socialize?", "id": "56d639a01c85041400947016", "answers": [{"text": "mental institutions", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Therapy dogs can help increase what in people suffering with Alzheimer's?", "id": "56d639a01c85041400947017", "answers": [{"text": "social behaviors", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was decreased in children with ADHD when they were exposed to therapy dogs?", "id": "56d639a01c85041400947018", "answers": [{"text": "antisocial and violent behavior", "answer_start": 618}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did people start using dogs as therapy?", "id": "56d9e23ddc89441400fdb890", "answers": [{"text": "the late 18th century", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were dogs introduced then to help people socialize people?", "id": "56d9e23ddc89441400fdb891", "answers": [{"text": "mental institutions", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Children who have ADHD or conduct disorders respond better when what is a part of their treatment plan?", "id": "56d9e23ddc89441400fdb892", "answers": [{"text": "dogs", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "People with Alzheimer's smile and laugh more with what kind of therapy?", "id": "56d9e23ddc89441400fdb893", "answers": [{"text": "animal-assisted therapy", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The practice of using dogs and other animals as a part of therapy dates back to the late 18th century, when animals were introduced into mental institutions to help socialize patients with mental disorders. Animal-assisted intervention research has shown that animal-assisted therapy with a dog can increase social behaviors, such as smiling and laughing, among people with Alzheimer's disease. One study demonstrated that children with ADHD and conduct disorders who participated in an education program with dogs and other animals showed increased attendance, increased knowledge and skill objectives, and decreased antisocial and violent behavior compared to those who were not in an animal-assisted program."}], ["Bersekedudukan anjing dan manusia akan bertambah baik peluang untuk bertahan hidup bagi kumpulan manusia awal, dan pembentukan anjing mungkin merupakan salah satu daya utama yang membawa kepada kejayaan manusia. <> Apa yang mungkin menyebabkan kejayaan manusia? || pemburuan anjing", {"qas": [{"question": "What has likely led to human success?", "id": "56d9c649dc89441400fdb7e3", "answers": [{"text": "the domestication of dogs", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The cohabitation of dogs and humans would have greatly improved the chances of survival for early human groups, and the domestication of dogs may have been one of the key forces that led to human success."}], ["Sesetengah baka anjing telah memperoleh ciri melalui pembiakan selektif yang mengganggu pembiakan. Contohnya, Bulldog Perancis Laki-laki tidak mampu menaikkan wanita. Bagi banyak anjing baka ini, wanita mesti disemai secara buatan untuk menghasilkan semula. <> Mana anjing yang tidak mampu untuk melancarkan anjing betina? || Bulldogs Perancis Lelaki", {"qas": [{"question": "Which dog is not able to mount a female dog?", "id": "56d9a5d0dc89441400fdb692", "answers": [{"text": "Male French Bulldogs", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some dog breeds have acquired traits through selective breeding that interfere with reproduction. Male French Bulldogs, for instance, are incapable of mounting the female. For many dogs of this breed, the female must be artificially inseminated in order to reproduce."}], ["Serigala, dan keturunan anjing mereka, akan mendapat faedah penting daripada hidup di kem-kemanusiaan-keselamatan lebih, makanan yang lebih dipercayai, keperluan kalori yang lebih rendah, dan lebih banyak peluang untuk membiak. Mereka akan mendapat faedah dari jalan kaki manusia yang memberi mereka jarak yang lebih besar di mana melihat pemangsa dan mangsa yang berpotensi, serta penglihatan warna yang, sekurang-kurangnya pada siang hari, memberikan manusia diskriminasi visual yang lebih baik. Anjing perkhemahan juga akan mendapat manfaat daripada penggunaan alat manusia, seperti dalam membakar mangsa yang lebih besar dan mengendalikan api untuk pelbagai tujuan. <> Apa serigala dapat hidup dengan manusia? || faedah penting", {"qas": [{"question": "What would wolves have gotten from living with humans?", "id": "56d9c243dc89441400fdb7aa", "answers": [{"text": "significant benefits", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Wolves, and their dog descendants, would have derived significant benefits from living in human camps\u2014more safety, more reliable food, lesser caloric needs, and more chance to breed. They would have benefited from humans' upright gait that gives them larger range over which to see potential predators and prey, as well as color vision that, at least by day, gives humans better visual discrimination. Camp dogs would also have benefited from human tool use, as in bringing down larger prey and controlling fire for a range of purposes."}], ["Bukti saintifik bercampur sama ada sama persahabatan anjing dapat meningkatkan kesihatan fizikal manusia dan kesejahteraan psikologi. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat faedah kepada kesihatan fizikal dan kesejahteraan psikologi telah dikritik kerana kurang dikawal, dan mendapati bahawa \"kesihatan orang tua adalah berkaitan dengan tabiat kesihatan mereka dan sokongan sosial tetapi tidak kepada pemilikan mereka, atau lampiran untuk, haiwan kesayangan. \" Kajian terdahulu telah menunjukkan bahawa orang yang menjaga anjing peliharaan atau kucing menunjukkan kesihatan mental dan fizikal yang lebih baik daripada mereka yang tidak, membuat lawatan lebih sedikit kepada doktor dan kurang berkemungkinan untuk mendapatkan ubat daripada bukan penjaga. <> Kajian bahawa orang lebih baik dengan anjing telah dikritik kerana menjadi apa? || kurang dikawal <> Orang yang mempunyai kucing atau anjing membuat lawatan lebih kurang di mana? || kepada doktor", {"qas": [{"question": "Studies that people are better off with dogs have been criticized for being what?", "id": "56d9d357dc89441400fdb860", "answers": [{"text": "poorly controlled", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "People who have cats or dogs make fewer visits where?", "id": "56d9d357dc89441400fdb861", "answers": [{"text": "to the doctor", "answer_start": 596}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The scientific evidence is mixed as to whether companionship of a dog can enhance human physical health and psychological wellbeing. Studies suggesting that there are benefits to physical health and psychological wellbeing have been criticised for being poorly controlled, and finding that \"[t]he health of elderly people is related to their health habits and social supports but not to their ownership of, or attachment to, a companion animal.\" Earlier studies have shown that people who keep pet dogs or cats exhibit better mental and physical health than those who do not, making fewer visits to the doctor and being less likely to be on medication than non-guardians."}], ["Walaupun dikatakan bahawa \"anjing adalah sahabat manusia\" mengenai 17-24% anjing di negara-negara maju, di negara-negara membangun mereka adalah anjing liar, kampung atau komuniti, dengan anjing peliharaan tidak biasa. Mereka menjalani kehidupan mereka sebagai pemulung dan tidak pernah dimiliki oleh manusia, dengan satu kajian yang menunjukkan respon mereka yang paling biasa apabila didekati oleh orang asing adalah melarikan diri (52%) atau bertindak balas dengan agresif (11%). Kita tahu sedikit tentang anjing-anjing ini, dan tentang anjing-anjing yang tinggal di negara-negara maju yang liar, sesat atau berada di tempat perlindungan, tetapi majoriti penyelidikan moden tentang kognisi anjing telah memberi tumpuan kepada anjing peliharaan yang tinggal di rumah manusia. <> Apabila anjing liar ini didekati oleh seseorang, mereka cenderung untuk melakukan ini 52% masa? || lari <> Apabila anjing liar ini didekati oleh seseorang, mereka cenderung melakukan 11% masa ini? || balas dengan pencerobohan <> Kognisi anjing telah dikaji pada jenis anjing apa? || anjing peliharaan yang tinggal di rumah manusia.", {"qas": [{"question": "When these feral dogs are approached by a person, they tend to do this 52% of the time?", "id": "56d9b546dc89441400fdb713", "answers": [{"text": "run away", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When these feral dogs are approached by a person, they tend to do this 11% of the time?", "id": "56d9b546dc89441400fdb714", "answers": [{"text": "respond with aggression", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dog cognition has been studied on what kind of dogs?", "id": "56d9b546dc89441400fdb715", "answers": [{"text": "pet dogs living in human homes.", "answer_start": 610}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although it is said that the \"dog is man's best friend\" regarding 17\u201324% of dogs in the developed countries, in the developing world they are feral, village or community dogs, with pet dogs uncommon. These live their lives as scavengers and have never been owned by humans, with one study showing their most common response when approached by strangers was to run away (52%) or respond with aggression (11%). We know little about these dogs, nor about the dogs that live in developed countries that are feral, stray or are in shelters, yet the great majority of modern research on dog cognition has focused on pet dogs living in human homes."}]], [["Pada bulan Jun 2008, Jawatankuasa Penganjur Sukan Beijing mengumumkan bahawa penyerahan obor antarabangsa yang dirancang untuk Sukan Paralimpik telah dibatalkan. Jawatankuasa menyatakan bahawa geganti itu dibatalkan untuk membolehkan kerajaan China \"memberi tumpuan kepada kerja-kerja menyelamat dan bantuan\" berikutan gempa bumi Sichuan. <> Relay obor antarabangsa dibatalkan untuk apa acara pada bulan Jun 2008? || Sukan Paralimpik <> Untuk apa acara yang diserahkan oleh obor tidak akan diadakan? || Sukan Paralimpik", {"qas": [{"question": "The international torch relay was canceled for what event in June 2008?", "id": "56d8d444bfea0914004b7723", "answers": [{"text": "Paralympic Games", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what events was the torch relay decided to not be held?", "id": "56dafa15e7c41114004b4bf5", "answers": [{"text": "Paralympic Games", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In June 2008, the Beijing Games' Organizing Committee announced that the planned international torch relay for the Paralympic Games had been cancelled. The Committee stated that the relay was being cancelled to enable the Chinese government to \"focus on the rescue and relief work\" following the Sichuan earthquake."}], ["Di banyak bandar di sepanjang laluan Amerika Utara dan Eropah, gegaran obor itu dibantah oleh penyokong kebebasan Tibet, hak haiwan, dan perjudian dalam talian undang-undang, dan orang yang memprotes rekod hak asasi manusia China, mengakibatkan konfrontasi di beberapa lokasi geganti. Ini protes, yang terdiri dari ratusan orang di San Francisco, tidak berkesan di Pyongyang, memaksa jalan relay obor diubah atau dipendekkan pada beberapa kali. Obor itu telah dipadamkan oleh pegawai keselamatan China beberapa kali semasa kaki Paris untuk alasan keselamatan, dan sekali dalam protes di Paris. <> Berapa ramai orang yang memprotes laluan obor San Francisco? || beratus-ratus <> Berapa ramai orang yang membantah di laluan obor Pyongyang? || tidak ada yang berkesan <> Apa beberapa kumpulan yang melakukan sepanjang laluan obor yang tidak menyokong Sukan Olimpik? || memprotes <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan obor di sepanjang laluan untuk perlindungan? || Pegawai keselamatan Cina", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people protested on the San Francisco torch route?", "id": "56d8a0ddbfea0914004b7706", "answers": [{"text": "hundreds", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people protested at the Pyongyang torch route?", "id": "56d8a0ddbfea0914004b7707", "answers": [{"text": "effectively none", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were some groups doing along the torch route that was not supportive of the Olympics?", "id": "56daf4e0e7c41114004b4b9b", "answers": [{"text": "protesting", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who put out the torch along the route for protection?", "id": "56daf4e0e7c41114004b4b9d", "answers": [{"text": "Chinese security officials", "answer_start": 513}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In many cities along the North American and European route, the torch relay was protested by advocates of Tibetan independence, animal rights, and legal online gambling, and people protesting against China's human rights record, resulting in confrontations at a few of the relay locations. These protests, which ranged from hundreds of people in San Francisco, to effectively none in Pyongyang, forced the path of the torch relay to be changed or shortened on a number of occasions. The torch was extinguished by Chinese security officials several times during the Paris leg for security reasons, and once in protest in Paris."}], ["Obor Olimpik didasarkan pada skrol tradisional dan menggunakan reka bentuk tradisional Cina yang dikenali sebagai \"Lucky Cloud\". Ia diperbuat daripada aluminium. Ia adalah 72 sentimeter dan berat 985 gram. Obor ini direka untuk terus menyala di dalam 65 kilometer sejam (37 batu sejam) angin, dan hujan sehingga 50 milimeter (2 inci) sejam. Kunci pencucuhan digunakan untuk menyalakan dan memadamkan api. Obor didorong oleh tin propana. Setiap orang boleh menyalakan obor selama 15 minit. Ia direka oleh pasukan dari Lenovo Group. Obor ini direka untuk merujuk kepada konsep tradisional Cina 5 elemen yang membentuk seluruh alam semesta. <> Apakah reka bentuk Cina yang digunakan pada Obor Olimpik? || Lucky Cloud <> Apakah Obor Olimpik dibuat? || aluminium. <> Berapa berat obor Olimpik? || 985 gram <> Apa yang digunakan untuk menyalakan api di Obor Olimpik? || Kunci pencucuhan <> Apakah nama reka bentuk Obor Olimpik China? || Lucky Cloud <> Apakah logam yang terbuat dari obor? || aluminium. <> Apa kelajuan angin yang akan menyala obor masih terus dinyalakan di MPH? || 37 <> Berapa banyak hujan dalam inci sejam boleh obor kekal dinyalakan? || 2 <> Bahan api apa yang digunakan untuk obor? || propana.", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Chinese design used on the Olympic Torch?", "id": "56d8d4e7bfea0914004b7727", "answers": [{"text": "Lucky Cloud", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Olympic Torch made from?", "id": "56d8d4e7bfea0914004b7728", "answers": [{"text": "aluminum.", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much does the Olympic Torch weigh?", "id": "56d8d4e7bfea0914004b7729", "answers": [{"text": "985 grams", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is used to light the flame on the Olympic Torch?", "id": "56d8d4e7bfea0914004b772b", "answers": [{"text": "An ignition key", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the design name of the Chinese Olympic Torch?", "id": "56dafad1e7c41114004b4bf9", "answers": [{"text": "Lucky Cloud", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What metal is the torch constructed from?", "id": "56dafad1e7c41114004b4bfa", "answers": [{"text": "aluminum.", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What wind speed will the torch flame still stay lit in MPH?", "id": "56dafad1e7c41114004b4bfb", "answers": [{"text": "37", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much rainfall in inches per hour can the torch stay lit under?", "id": "56dafad1e7c41114004b4bfc", "answers": [{"text": "2", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What fuel is used for the torch?", "id": "56dafad1e7c41114004b4bfd", "answers": [{"text": "propane.", "answer_start": 421}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Olympic Torch is based on traditional scrolls and uses a traditional Chinese design known as \"Lucky Cloud\". It is made from aluminum. It is 72 centimetres high and weighs 985 grams. The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour (37 mile per hour) winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) per hour. An ignition key is used to ignite and extinguish the flame. The torch is fueled by cans of propane. Each can will light the torch for 15 minutes. It is designed by a team from Lenovo Group. The Torch is designed in reference to the traditional Chinese concept of the 5 elements that make up the entire universe."}], ["Penyambungan obor Olimpik Musim Panas 2008 berjalan dari 24 Mac hingga 8 Ogos 2008, sebelum Olimpik Musim Panas 2008, dengan tema \"satu dunia, satu impian\". Rancangan untuk penyambungan itu diumumkan pada 26 April 2007, di Beijing, China. Relay, yang juga dipanggil oleh penganjur sebagai \"Perjalanan Harmoni\", berlangsung selama 129 hari dan membawa obor 137,000 km (85,000 mi) - jarak terpanjang mana-mana geganti obor Olimpik sejak tradisi dimulakan menjelang Olimpik Musim Panas 1936. <> Bilakah tradisi orang yang membawa obor Olimpik sebelum perlawanan Olimpik bermula? || Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 1936. <> Berapa hari orang membawa obor Olimpik sebelum Olimpik Musim Panas 2008? || 129 hari <> Apakah tema penyampai obor? || satu dunia, satu impian <> Apa penyelenggara penyampai obor memanggilnya? || Perjalanan Harmoni <> Apakah slogan Olimpik 2008? || satu dunia, satu impian <> Di manakah butiran peredaran obor diketahui? || Beijing, China. <> Apakah penyampai obor yang dirujuk oleh penganjur? || \"Perjalanan Harmoni\" <> Berapa batu adalah obor Olimpik yang disampaikan? || 85,000 mi", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the tradition of people carrying the Olympic torch before the Olympic games begin?", "id": "56d89c3ebfea0914004b76f1", "answers": [{"text": "1936 Summer Olympics.", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many days did people carry the Olympic torch before the 2008 Summer Olympics?", "id": "56d89c3ebfea0914004b76f2", "answers": [{"text": "129 days", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the theme for the torch relay?", "id": "56d89c3ebfea0914004b76f4", "answers": [{"text": "one world, one dream", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the organizers of the torch relay call it?", "id": "56d89c3ebfea0914004b76f5", "answers": [{"text": "Journey of Harmony", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the 2008 Olympic slogan?", "id": "56daf2b6e7c41114004b4b6a", "answers": [{"text": "one world, one dream", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the details of the torch relay made known?", "id": "56daf2b6e7c41114004b4b6b", "answers": [{"text": "Beijing, China.", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the torch relay referred to as by organizers?", "id": "56daf2b6e7c41114004b4b6c", "answers": [{"text": "\"Journey of Harmony\"", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many miles was the Olympic torch relayed?", "id": "56daf2b6e7c41114004b4b6d", "answers": [{"text": "85,000 mi", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) \u2013 the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics."}], ["Selepas diterangi di tempat kelahiran Sukan Olimpik di Olympia, Greece pada 24 Mac, obor mengembara ke Stadium Panathinaiko di Athens, dan kemudian ke Beijing, tiba pada 31 Mac. Dari Beijing, obor mengikuti laluan yang melalui enam benua. Obor telah melawat bandar-bandar sepanjang Jalan Sutera, melambangkan hubungan purba antara China dan seluruh dunia. Relay itu juga termasuk pendakian dengan api ke puncak Gunung Everest di sempadan Nepal dan Tibet, China dari pihak Cina, yang ditutup khas untuk acara itu. <> Hari apakah obor Olimpik menyala untuk perlawanan 2008? || 24 Mac <> Di mana asalnya Sukan Olimpik? || Olympia, Greece <> Bilakah obor Olimpik mencapai Beijing? || 31 Mac <> Berapa banyak benua melakukan lawatan obor selepas Beijing? || enam <> obor berada di jalan apa untuk melambangkan hubungan bersejarah antara China dan dunia? || Silk Road <> Di manakah lampu obor Olimpik? || Olympia, Greece <> Apa tarikh sulap Olimpik? || 24 Mac <> Apakah nama stadium di Greece adalah obor yang diambil? || Stadium Panathinaiko <> Apakah tarikh obor Olimpik tiba di destinasi di China? || 31 Mac. <> Apa gunung yang diambil oleh obor? || Gunung Everest", {"qas": [{"question": "What day was the Olympic torch lit for the 2008 games?", "id": "56d89fbcbfea0914004b76fb", "answers": [{"text": "March 24", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Olympics originate?", "id": "56d89fbcbfea0914004b76fc", "answers": [{"text": "Olympia, Greece", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Olympic torch reach Beijing?", "id": "56d89fbcbfea0914004b76fd", "answers": [{"text": "March 31", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many continents did the torch visit after Beijing?", "id": "56d89fbcbfea0914004b76fe", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The torch was on what road to symbolize historic links between China and the world?", "id": "56d89fbcbfea0914004b76ff", "answers": [{"text": "Silk Road", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Olympic torch lit?", "id": "56daf3b2e7c41114004b4b7d", "answers": [{"text": "Olympia, Greece", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What date was the Olympic torch lit?", "id": "56daf3b2e7c41114004b4b7e", "answers": [{"text": "March 24", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the stadium in Greece were the torch was taken to?", "id": "56daf3b2e7c41114004b4b7f", "answers": [{"text": "Panathinaiko Stadium", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What date did the Olympic torch arrive at its destination in China?", "id": "56daf3b2e7c41114004b4b80", "answers": [{"text": "March 31.", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What mountain was the torch taken up?", "id": "56daf3b2e7c41114004b4b81", "answers": [{"text": "Mount Everest", "answer_start": 446}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event."}], ["Diundang oleh penyuakan obor huru-hara di Eropah Barat dan Amerika Utara, presiden Jawatankuasa Olimpik Antarabangsa, Jacques Rogge menggambarkan keadaan sebagai \"krisis\" bagi organisasi dan menyatakan bahawa mana-mana atlet yang memaparkan bendera Tibet di tempat Olimpik boleh diusir dari permainan. walaupun dia berhenti daripada membatalkan penyambungan itu walaupun ada panggilan untuk berbuat demikian oleh beberapa ahli IOC. Hasil relay mempengaruhi keputusan IOC untuk memecat geganti global dalam edisi masa depan permainan. <> Siapa presiden Jawatankuasa Olimpik Antarabangsa? || Jacques Rogge <> Atlet memakai apa bendera di mana-mana tempat Olimpik menghadapi kemungkinan pengusiran dari Sukan Olimpik? || Tibet <> Oleh kerana masalah relay, IOC memutuskan untuk tidak lagi mempunyai apa yang dalam Sukan Olimpik berikutnya? || penyiaran sejagat <> Apakah nama lelaki yang mengatakan protes penyampai obor sebagai \"krisis\"? || Jacques Rogge <> Apa yang boleh berlaku kepada peserta sukan Olimpik yang menunjukkan bendera Tibet pada acara? || boleh diusir <> Siapa yang bertanya bahawa geganti obor akan berakhir? || Ahli IOC. <> Apa yang dihentikan dengan relay obor untuk Olimpik masa depan? || geganti sejagat", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is the president of the International Olympic Committee?", "id": "56d8a84abfea0914004b7719", "answers": [{"text": "Jacques Rogge", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Athletes wearing what kind of flag at any Olympic venue faced the possibility of expulsion from the Olympics?", "id": "56d8a84abfea0914004b771b", "answers": [{"text": "Tibetan", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Because of the relay issues, IOC decided to no longer have what in subsequent Olympics?", "id": "56d8a84abfea0914004b771d", "answers": [{"text": "global relays", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the man who said the protesting of the torch relay as a \"crisis\"?", "id": "56daf993e7c41114004b4bed", "answers": [{"text": "Jacques Rogge", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What could happen to Olympic sports participants who showed a Tibetan flag at events?", "id": "56daf993e7c41114004b4bee", "answers": [{"text": "could be expelled", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who asked that the torch relay be ended?", "id": "56daf993e7c41114004b4bef", "answers": [{"text": "IOC members.", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was halted with the torch relay for future Olympics?", "id": "56daf993e7c41114004b4bf0", "answers": [{"text": "global relays", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Prompted by the chaotic torch relays in Western Europe and North America, the president of the International Olympic Committee, Jacques Rogge described the situation as a \"crisis\" for the organization and stated that any athletes displaying Tibetan flags at Olympic venues could be expelled from the games. though he stopped short of cancelling the relay altogether despite calls to do so by some IOC members. The outcome of the relay influenced the IOC's decision to scrap global relays in future editions of the games."}], ["Di peringkat antarabangsa, obor dan parti yang menyertainya mengembara di Air China Airbus A330 (berdaftar B-6075), dicat dengan warna merah dan kuning Sukan Olimpik. Air China dipilih oleh Jawatankuasa Beijing Sukan Olimpik sebagai pembawa obor Olimpik yang ditetapkan pada bulan Mac 2008 kerana penyertaannya yang lama dalam Olimpik. Pesawat itu mengembara sebanyak 137,000 km (85,000 batu) selama tempoh 130 hari melalui 21 negara dan wilayah. <> Apabila perlu untuk Obor Olimpik berada di atas kapal terbang, yang mana satu digunakan? || yang disewa Air China Airbus A330 <> Warna apa pesawat yang disewa? || merah dan kuning <> Bilakah ia memutuskan bahawa Air China akan menjadi pembawa obor rasmi? || Mac 2008 <> Berapa hari perjalanan kapal terbang? || 130 hari <> Jenis pesawat apa yang dilakukan oleh pasukan Torch? || Airbus A330 <> Warna apa warna yang dicat? || merah dan kuning <> Apa nama syarikat penerbangan yang mengangkut Obor Olimpik? || Air China <> Berapa hari perjalanan kapal terbang dengan pasukan Torch? || 130 <> Berapa banyak tempat yang berbeza dikunjungi oleh pesawat yang mengambil pasukan Torch? || 21", {"qas": [{"question": "When it was necessary for the Olympic Torch to be on an airplane, which one was used?", "id": "56d8d5babfea0914004b7735", "answers": [{"text": "a chartered Air China Airbus A330", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What color was the chartered plane?", "id": "56d8d5babfea0914004b7736", "answers": [{"text": "red and yellow", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was it decided that Air China would be the official torch carrier?", "id": "56d8d5babfea0914004b7737", "answers": [{"text": "March 2008", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many days did the plane travel?", "id": "56d8d5babfea0914004b7739", "answers": [{"text": "130 days", "answer_start": 430}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of aircraft did the Torch team travel in?", "id": "56dafc53e7c41114004b4c07", "answers": [{"text": "Airbus A330", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What colors was the aircraft painted?", "id": "56dafc53e7c41114004b4c08", "answers": [{"text": "red and yellow", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the airline that transported the Olympic Torch?", "id": "56dafc53e7c41114004b4c09", "answers": [{"text": "Air China", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many days did the plane travel with the Torch team?", "id": "56dafc53e7c41114004b4c0a", "answers": [{"text": "130", "answer_start": 430}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many different places were visited by the aircraft taking the Torch team?", "id": "56dafc53e7c41114004b4c0b", "answers": [{"text": "21", "answer_start": 447}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games. Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standing participation in the Olympic cause. The plane traveled a total of 137,000 km (85,000 mi) for a duration of 130 days through 21 countries and regions."}], ["Serangan ke atas obor di London dan Paris digambarkan sebagai \"hina\" oleh kerajaan China, mengutuk mereka sebagai \"gangguan yang sengaja ... yang tidak memikirkan semangat Olimpik atau undang-undang Britain dan Perancis\" dan yang \" semangat Olimpik yang tinggi \", dan bersumpah mereka akan meneruskan penyampai dan tidak membenarkan protes untuk\" menghalang semangat Olimpik \". Bantahan balas besar-besaran oleh orang Cina dan Cina berasaskan warga asing di luar negeri menjadi lebih besar di segmen-segmen relay yang kemudiannya. Di San Francisco, bilangan penyokongnya lebih banyak daripada jumlah penunjuk perasaan, dan di Australia, Jepun, Korea Selatan, para penunjuk perasaan menimpa penunjuk perasaan. Beberapa pertengkaran antara penunjuk perasaan dan penyokong dilaporkan. Tiada protes utama yang dapat dilihat di Amerika Latin, Afrika, dan kaki Barat Asia penyiraman obor. <> Siapa yang mengutuk pelbagai serangan pada laluan relay obor? || kerajaan China <> Di San Francisco, yang mempunyai kehadiran yang lebih besar daripada para penunjuk perasaan? || penyokong <> Yang membanjiri penunjuk perasaan di Jepun? || kaunter penunjuk perasaan <> Siapa yang mengumpulkan secara besar-besaran terhadap penunjuk perasaan? || counter-protesters <> Apa yang dikatakan berlaku antara beberapa penyokong dan penunjuk perasaan? || Pertengkaran <> Apa tiga kawasan di dunia yang dilaporkan sebagai protes tidak besar? || Amerika Latin, Afrika, dan Asia Barat", {"qas": [{"question": "Who condemned the various attacks on the torch relay route?", "id": "56d8a732bfea0914004b770f", "answers": [{"text": "the Chinese government", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In San Francisco, who had a larger presence than the protesters? ", "id": "56d8a732bfea0914004b7711", "answers": [{"text": "supporters", "answer_start": 540}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who overwhelmed the protesters in Japan?", "id": "56d8a732bfea0914004b7712", "answers": [{"text": "counter-protesters", "answer_start": 639}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who amassed in large scale against protesters?", "id": "56daf68de7c41114004b4bbf", "answers": [{"text": "counter-protesters", "answer_start": 639}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was said to have occurred between some supporters and protesters?", "id": "56daf68de7c41114004b4bc1", "answers": [{"text": "skirmishes", "answer_start": 698}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What three areas of the globe were protests reported as not big?", "id": "56daf68de7c41114004b4bc2", "answers": [{"text": "Latin America, Africa, and Western Asia", "answer_start": 800}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The attacks on the torch in London and Paris were described as \"despicable\" by the Chinese government, condemning them as \"deliberate disruptions... who gave no thought to the Olympic spirit or the laws of Britain and France\" and who \"tarnish the lofty Olympic spirit\", and vowed they would continue with the relay and not allow the protests to \"impede the Olympic spirit\". Large-scale counter-protests by overseas Chinese and foreign-based Chinese nationals became prevalent in later segments of the relay. In San Francisco, the number of supporters were much more than the number of protesters, and in Australia, Japan, South Korea, the counter-protesters overwhelmed the protesters. A couple of skirmishes between the protesters and supporters were reported. No major protests were visible in the Latin America, Africa, and Western Asia legs of the torch relay."}], ["Laluan yang membawa obor melalui enam benua dari Mac 2008 hingga Mei 2008 hingga Ogos 2008. Laluan yang dirancang pada asalnya termasuk penghentian di Taipei antara Ho Chi Minh City dan Hong Kong, tetapi terdapat perselisihan di Beijing dan Taipei atas bahasa yang digunakan untuk menerangkan sama ada ia adalah laluan antarabangsa atau bahagian dalam negeri. Walaupun Jawatankuasa Olimpik China dan Chinese Taipei mencapai kesepakatan permulaan mengenai pendekatan itu, kerajaan Republik China di Taiwan campur tangan, menyatakan bahawa penempatan ini boleh ditafsirkan sebagai meletakkan Taiwan pada tahap yang sama seperti Hong Kong dan Macau, implikasinya membantah. Jawatankuasa Penganjur Beijing cuba meneruskan rundingan, namun pertikaian lanjut timbul atas bendera atau lagu Republik Rakyat China sepanjang laluan obor 24 km di Taiwan. Menjelang tarikh akhir tengah malam untuk memuktamadkan rundingan pada 21 September 2007, Taiwan dan China tidak dapat menemui isu Relay Torch. Pada akhirnya, kedua-dua belah Selat Taiwan memutuskan untuk menghapuskan kaki Taipei. <> Berapa banyak benua melakukan lawatan obor? || enam <> Apa perhentian yang berlaku antara Ho Chi Minh City dan Hong Kong? || Taipei <> Republik China merasakan bahawa keputusan yang salah dapat meletakkan Taiwan pada tahap yang sama seperti apa dua kawasan? || Hong Kong dan Macau <> Laluan obor meliputi enam perkara? || benua <> Apa kerajaan tidak bersetuju dengan bahasa yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan laluan obor? || Taiwan. <> Apa dua tempat Taiwan tidak mahu dianggap sama dengan dalam bahasa penerangan laluan obor? || Hong Kong dan Macau <> Berapa kilometer obor sepatutnya melalui Taiwan? || 24", {"qas": [{"question": "How many continents did the torch visit?", "id": "56d8d809dc89441400fdb326", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the stop that was to happen between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong?", "id": "56d8d809dc89441400fdb327", "answers": [{"text": "Taipei", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Republic of China felt that the wrong decision could place Taiwan on the same level as what two areas?", "id": "56d8d809dc89441400fdb329", "answers": [{"text": "Hong Kong and Macau", "answer_start": 585}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The torch route covered six what?", "id": "56db003ae7c41114004b4c11", "answers": [{"text": "continents", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What government disagreed on the language used to describe the torch route?", "id": "56db003ae7c41114004b4c12", "answers": [{"text": "Taiwan.", "answer_start": 816}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two places did Taiwan not want to be considered equal with in the language of the torch's route description?", "id": "56db003ae7c41114004b4c14", "answers": [{"text": "Hong Kong and Macau", "answer_start": 585}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many kilometers was the torch supposed to go through Taiwan?", "id": "56db003ae7c41114004b4c15", "answers": [{"text": "24", "answer_start": 795}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The route carried the torch through six continents from March 2008 to May 2008 to August 2008. The planned route originally included a stop in Taipei between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong, but there was disagreement in Beijing and Taipei over language used to describe whether it was an international or a domestic part of the route. While the Olympic committees of China and Chinese Taipei reached initial consensus on the approach, the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan intervened, stating that this placement could be interpreted as placing Taiwan on the same level as Hong Kong and Macau, an implication it objected to. The Beijing Organizing Committee attempted to continue negotiation, but further disputes arose over the flag or the anthem of the Republic of China along the 24 km torch route in Taiwan. By the midnight deadline for concluding the negotiation on September 21, 2007, Taiwan and China were unable to come to terms with the issue of the Torch Relay. In the end, both sides of the Taiwan Strait decided to eliminate the Taipei leg."}], ["Greece: Pada 24 Mac 2008, Flame Olimpik telah dinyalakan di Olympia, Greece, tapak Olimpik purba. Pelakon Maria Nafpliotou, dalam peranan Imam Besar, menyalakan obor peluncur sulung pertama, seorang pemenang perak Olimpik Musim Panas 2004 di taekwondo Alexandros Nikolaidis dari Greece, yang menyerahkan api ke peluncur sulung kedua, juara Olimpik pada wanita Luo Xuejuan dari China. Berikutan kekacauan baru-baru ini di Tibet, tiga anggota Reporters Without Borders, termasuk Robert M\u00e9nard, melanggar keselamatan dan cuba mengganggu ucapan oleh Liu Qi, ketua jawatankuasa penganjur Olimpik Beijing semasa upacara pencahayaan lampu suluh di Olympia, Greece. Republik Rakyat China menyebutnya satu cubaan \"memalukan\" untuk mensabotaj Olimpik. Pada 30 Mac 2008 di Athens, semasa majlis menandai penyerahan obor dari pegawai Greek kepada penganjur permainan Beijing, para penunjuk perasaan menjerit 'Tibet Percuma' dan spanduk yang dibentangkan; kira-kira 10 daripada 15 penunjuk perasaan telah dibawa ke tahanan polis. Selepas perlawanan, protes berterusan di peringkat antarabangsa, dengan konfrontasi ganas dengan polis di Nepal. <> Pada tarikh apa Olimpik Flame dinyalakan? || 24 Mac 2008 <> Di manakah api Olimpik dapat diterangi? || Olympia, Greece. <> Siapa orang pertama yang membawa obor? || Alexandros Nikolaidis <> Yang mula-mula menyalakan Obor Olimpik? || Maria Nafpliotou <> Kapan para penunjuk perasaan berteriak untuk Tibet dibebaskan? || 30 Mac 2008 <> Di manakah lokasi acara Olimpik asal? || Olympia, Greece. <> Apakah nama wanita yang menyalakan obor untuk permainan baru? || Maria Nafpliotou <> Apakah medali apa yang dilakukan oleh tukang sulap pertama dari permainan sebelumnya? || perak <> Apakah nama tukang sulap pertama untuk Sukan Olimpik 2008? || Alexandros Nikolaidis <> Tempat mana yang mengalami masalah kekerasan polis dengan penunjuk perasaan? || Nepal.", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date did the Olympic Flame get lit?", "id": "56d8d8d0dc89441400fdb330", "answers": [{"text": "March 24, 2008", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Olympic Flame get lit?", "id": "56d8d8d0dc89441400fdb331", "answers": [{"text": "Olympia, Greece.", "answer_start": 691}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first person to carry the torch?", "id": "56d8d8d0dc89441400fdb332", "answers": [{"text": "Alexandros Nikolaidis", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who initially lit the Olympic Torch?", "id": "56d8d8d0dc89441400fdb333", "answers": [{"text": "Maria Nafpliotou", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did demonstrators yell for Tibet to be freed?", "id": "56d8d8d0dc89441400fdb334", "answers": [{"text": "March 30, 2008", "answer_start": 804}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the location of the original Olympic events?", "id": "56db0184e7c41114004b4c1b", "answers": [{"text": "Olympia, Greece.", "answer_start": 691}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the woman who lit the torch for the new games?", "id": "56db0184e7c41114004b4c1c", "answers": [{"text": "Maria Nafpliotou", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What medal did the first torchbearer have from prior games?", "id": "56db0184e7c41114004b4c1d", "answers": [{"text": "silver", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the first torchbearer for the 2008 Olympics?", "id": "56db0184e7c41114004b4c1e", "answers": [{"text": "Alexandros Nikolaidis", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What place had police experience violent problems with protesters?", "id": "56db0184e7c41114004b4c1f", "answers": [{"text": "Nepal.", "answer_start": 1175}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": " Greece: On March 24, 2008, the Olympic Flame was ignited at Olympia, Greece, site of the ancient Olympic Games. The actress Maria Nafpliotou, in the role of a High Priestess, ignited the torch of the first torchbearer, a silver medalist of the 2004 Summer Olympics in taekwondo Alexandros Nikolaidis from Greece, who handed the flame over to the second torchbearer, Olympic champion in women's breaststroke Luo Xuejuan from China. Following the recent unrest in Tibet, three members of Reporters Without Borders, including Robert M\u00e9nard, breached security and attempted to disrupt a speech by Liu Qi, the head of Beijing's Olympic organising committee during the torch lighting ceremony in Olympia, Greece. The People's Republic of China called this a \"disgraceful\" attempt to sabotage the Olympics. On March 30, 2008 in Athens, during ceremonies marking the handing over of the torch from Greek officials to organizers of the Beijing games, demonstrators shouted 'Free Tibet' and unfurled banners; some 10 of the 15 protesters were taken into police detention. After the hand-off, protests continued internationally, with particularly violent confrontations with police in Nepal."}], ["Sebagai tindak balas kepada demonstrasi, editorial dalam People's Daily menggesa orang Cina untuk \"menyatakan keghairahan patriotik dengan tenang dan rasional, dan menyatakan aspirasi patriotik secara teratur dan sah\". <> Dalam penerbitan apa yang orang Cina diminta untuk teratur dan sah kerana protes dan demonstrasi? || Rakyat Harian <> Apakah nama penerbitan di mana orang Cina dinasihatkan supaya tenang dan rasional mengenai patriotisme? || Orang-orang Harian <> Orang-orang Cina telah diberitahu untuk menunjukkan patriotisme dengan teratur dan cara apa? || undang-undang", {"qas": [{"question": "In what publication were Chinese people asked to be orderly and legal because of the protests and demonstrations?", "id": "56d8da16dc89441400fdb344", "answers": [{"text": "People's Daily", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the publication where Chinese people were advised to be calm and rational about patriotism?", "id": "56db0372e7c41114004b4c4b", "answers": [{"text": "People's Daily", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Chinese people were told to show patriotism in an orderly and what manner?", "id": "56db0372e7c41114004b4c4c", "answers": [{"text": "legal", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In response to the demonstrations, an editorial in the People's Daily urged Chinese people to \"express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner\"."}], ["Wartawan Tanpa Sempadan menganjurkan beberapa protes simbolik, termasuk menaikkan Menara Eiffel untuk menggantung sepanduk protes daripadanya, dan menggantung sepanduk serupa dari katedral Notre Dame. <> Organisasi mana yang merancang beberapa protes? || Wartawan Tanpa Sempadan <> Apa pendapat Wartawan Tanpa Batasan untuk meletakkan sepanduk protes padanya? || Menara Eiffel <> Katedral yang mana Pelapor Tanpa Borders menggantung sepanduk protes yang lain? || Gerbang Notre Dame <> Apa yang digantung dari Menara Eiffel? || spanduk <> Siapa yang menaiki Menara Eiffel untuk menggantung sepanduk protes? || Wartawan Tanpa Sempadan <> Di manakah salinan sepanduk di Menara Eiffel digantung? || Katedral Notre Dame.", {"qas": [{"question": "Which organization planned several protests?", "id": "56d8e18ddc89441400fdb38a", "answers": [{"text": "Reporters Without Borders", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Reporters Without Borders scale in order to put a protest banner on it?", "id": "56d8e18ddc89441400fdb38b", "answers": [{"text": "the Eiffel Tower", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which cathedral did Reporters Without Borders hang another protest banner?", "id": "56d8e18ddc89441400fdb38c", "answers": [{"text": "Notre Dame cathedral", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was hung from the Eiffel Tower?", "id": "56db1ba8e7c41114004b4d39", "answers": [{"text": "banner", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who climbed the Eiffel Tower to hang a protest banner?", "id": "56db1ba8e7c41114004b4d3a", "answers": [{"text": "Reporters Without Borders", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where else was a copy of the banner at Eiffel Tower hung?", "id": "56db1ba8e7c41114004b4d3b", "answers": [{"text": "Notre Dame cathedral.", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Reporters Without Borders organised several symbolic protests, including scaling the Eiffel Tower to hang a protest banner from it, and hanging an identical banner from the Notre Dame cathedral."}], ["Turki: kaki relay obor di Istanbul, yang diadakan pada 3 April, bermula di Sultanahmet Square dan selesai di Dataran Taksim. Uyghurs yang tinggal di Turki membantah rawatan Cina terhadap senegara mereka yang tinggal di Xinjiang. Beberapa penunjuk perasaan yang cuba mengganggu relay itu segera ditangkap oleh pihak polis. <> Bilakah obor di Istanbul? || 3 April <> Di manakah obor berakhir di Istanbul? || Taksim Square <> Di manakah obor bermula di Instanbul? || Sultanahmet Square <> Siapa yang membantah rakan senegara mereka yang berada di Xinjiang? || Uyghurs yang tinggal di Turki <> Apa bandar Obor Olimpik pada 3hb April? || Istanbul <> Apa nama tempat di bandar di mana geganti obor bermula di Turki? || Sultanahmet Square <> Di manakah penamat suluh di Turki? || Taksim Square. <> Apa orang-orang di Turki membantah orang-orang mereka yang tinggal di China? || Uyghurs <> Apa yang berlaku kepada penunjuk perasaan yang cuba mengganggu membawa obor? || ditangkap", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the torch in Istanbul?", "id": "56d8dc9cdc89441400fdb350", "answers": [{"text": "April 3", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the torch end up in Istanbul?", "id": "56d8dc9cdc89441400fdb351", "answers": [{"text": "Taksim Square", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the torch start in Instanbul?", "id": "56d8dc9cdc89441400fdb352", "answers": [{"text": "Sultanahmet Square", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who protested for their compatriots who were in Xinjiang?", "id": "56d8dc9cdc89441400fdb353", "answers": [{"text": "Uyghurs living in Turkey", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city was the Olympic Torch at on April 3rd?", "id": "56db0a87e7c41114004b4cb1", "answers": [{"text": "Istanbul", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the place in the city where the torch relay started in Turkey?", "id": "56db0a87e7c41114004b4cb2", "answers": [{"text": "Sultanahmet Square", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the torch relay finish in Turkey?", "id": "56db0a87e7c41114004b4cb3", "answers": [{"text": "Taksim Square.", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What people in Turkey protested for their people living in China?", "id": "56db0a87e7c41114004b4cb4", "answers": [{"text": "Uyghurs", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened to protesters who tried to interrupt the carrying of the torch?", "id": "56db0a87e7c41114004b4cb5", "answers": [{"text": "arrested", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\n Turkey: The torch relay leg in Istanbul, held on April 3, started on Sultanahmet Square and finished in Taksim Square. Uyghurs living in Turkey protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang. Several protesters who tried to disrupt the relay were promptly arrested by the police."}], ["Rusia: Pada 5 April obor Olimpik tiba di Saint Petersburg, Rusia. Panjang laluan penyalaan obor di bandar adalah 20 km, dengan permulaan di Victory Square dan selesai di Palace Square. Ikon seni mempertahankan diri campuran dan bekas juara Heavyweight PRIDE Fedor Emelianenko adalah salah satu pembawa obor. Ini memberi dia perbezaan yang menjadi pejuang MMA aktif pertama untuk membawa api Olimpik. <> Bilakah obor tiba di Saint Petersburg? || 5 April <> Di manakah permulaan laluan obor di Saint Petersburg? || Victory Square <> Di manakah laluan obor berakhir di Saint Petersburg? || Palace Square <> Siapa pejuang MMA yang pertama untuk mengambil bahagian dalam membawa obor Olimpiade? || Fedor Emelianenko <> Di mana di Rusia adalah perhentian pertama untuk geganti? || Saint Petersburg <> Lokasi bandar apakah penyalaan obor bermula di Rusia? || Victory Square <> Apakah lokasi terakhir untuk geganti di Rusia? || Palace Square. <> Apakah nama pejuang MMA yang membawa obor di Rusia? || Fedor Emelianenko", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the torch arrive in Saint Petersburg?", "id": "56d8dd47dc89441400fdb358", "answers": [{"text": "April 5", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the start of the torch route in Saint Petersburg?", "id": "56d8dd47dc89441400fdb35a", "answers": [{"text": "Victory Square", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the torch route end in Saint Petersburg?", "id": "56d8dd47dc89441400fdb35b", "answers": [{"text": "Palace Square", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the first MMA fighter to participate in carrying the Olympic torch?", "id": "56d8dd47dc89441400fdb35c", "answers": [{"text": "Fedor Emelianenko", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where in Russia was the first stop for the relay?", "id": "56db0c05e7c41114004b4cca", "answers": [{"text": "Saint Petersburg", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city location did the torch relay begin in Russia?", "id": "56db0c05e7c41114004b4ccb", "answers": [{"text": "Victory Square", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the last location for the relay in Russia?", "id": "56db0c05e7c41114004b4ccc", "answers": [{"text": "Palace Square.", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the MMA fighter who carried the torch in Russia?", "id": "56db0c05e7c41114004b4ccd", "answers": [{"text": "Fedor Emelianenko", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\n Russia: On April 5 the Olympic torch arrived at Saint Petersburg, Russia. The length of the torch relay route in the city was 20 km, with the start at the Victory Square and finish at the Palace Square. Mixed martial arts icon and former PRIDE Heavyweight Champion Fedor Emelianenko was one the torch bearers. This gives him the distinction of the being the first active MMA fighter to carry the Olympic flame."}], ["Kazakhstan: Pemburu sulap pertama di Almaty, di mana obor Olimpiade tiba buat pertama kalinya pada 2 April, adalah Presiden Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. Laluan ini berjalan 20 km dari stadium Medeo ke Astana Square. Terdapat laporan bahawa aktivis Uighur ditangkap dan ada yang dihantar pulang ke China. <> Apa laman dara melakukan lawatan obor pada 2 April? || Almaty <> Siapa orang pertama yang diberikan obor di Almaty? || Nursultan Nazarbaev. <> Siapa Nursultan Nazarbaev? || Presiden Kazakhstan <> Laluan di Almaty pergi dari Medeo Stadium ke mana? || Astana Square. <> Apa jenis aktivis yang ditangkap di Almaty? || Aktivis Uighur <> Apa negara yang pertama kali buat obor? || Kazakhstan <> Apakah nama presiden yang merupakan peluncur sulung pertama di Almaty? || Nursultan Nazarbaev. <> Berapakah jarak di kilometer untuk laluan di Kazakhstan? || 20 <> Aktivis apa yang dilaporkan telah ditangkap? || Uighur", {"qas": [{"question": "What virgin site did the torch visit on April 2?", "id": "56d8dab9dc89441400fdb346", "answers": [{"text": "Almaty", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first person to be handed the torch in Almaty?", "id": "56d8dab9dc89441400fdb347", "answers": [{"text": "Nursultan Nazarbaev.", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is Nursultan Nazarbaev?", "id": "56d8dab9dc89441400fdb348", "answers": [{"text": "the President of Kazakhstan", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The route in Almaty went from Medeo Stadium to where?", "id": "56d8dab9dc89441400fdb349", "answers": [{"text": "Astana Square.", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of activists were arrested in Almaty?", "id": "56d8dab9dc89441400fdb34a", "answers": [{"text": "Uighur activists", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country did the torch get to for the first time?", "id": "56db0495e7c41114004b4c4f", "answers": [{"text": "Kazakhstan", "answer_start": 2}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the president who was the first torchbearer in Almaty?", "id": "56db0495e7c41114004b4c50", "answers": [{"text": "Nursultan Nazarbaev.", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the distance in kilometers for the route in Kazakhstan?", "id": "56db0495e7c41114004b4c52", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What activists were reported to have been arrested?", "id": "56db0495e7c41114004b4c53", "answers": [{"text": "Uighur", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\n Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China."}], ["Pegawai Cina membatalkan penyiaran obor semasa gangguan, termasuk bendera Tibet yang diterbangkan dari tingkap di Dewan Bandaraya oleh pegawai-pegawai Parti Hijau. Pelatih obor ketiga di kaki Paris, Jin Jing, yang dilumpuhkan dan membawa obor di atas kerusi roda, diserang beberapa kali oleh penunjuk perasaan yang tidak dikenali dari kem bebas pro-Tibet. Dalam temu bual, Jin Jing berkata bahawa dia \"ditarik, tercalar\" dan \"ditendang\", tetapi dia \"tidak merasakan kesakitan pada masa itu.\" Dia mendapat pujian daripada etnik Cina di seluruh dunia sebagai \"Angel in Wheelchair\". Kerajaan China memberi komen bahawa \"kaum Cina menghormati Perancis banyak\" tetapi \"Paris [telah menampar] wajahnya sendiri.\" <> Siapa yang melemparkan bendera Tibet dari tetingkap Dewan Bandaraya? || Pegawai Parti Hijau. <> Lampu suluh mana yang di kerusi roda? || Jin Jing <> Apa Jin Jing dipanggil oleh etnik Cina? || Angel in Wheelchair <> Apa yang dihentikan kerana gangguan protes? || upacara penyiaran obor <> Apakah nama pembawa obor obor itu? || Jin Jing <> Apa kaum etnik Cina memanggil pembawa obor yang kurang upaya? || Angel in Wheelchair <> Siapa yang meletakkan bendera Tibet keluar dari tingkap di Dewan Bandaraya? || Pegawai Parti Hijau.", {"qas": [{"question": "Who threw a a Tibetan flag from a City Hall window?", "id": "56d8e127dc89441400fdb380", "answers": [{"text": "Green Party officials.", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which torchbearer was in a wheelchair?", "id": "56d8e127dc89441400fdb381", "answers": [{"text": "Jin Jing", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Jin Jing called by ethnic Chinese?", "id": "56d8e127dc89441400fdb383", "answers": [{"text": "Angel in Wheelchair", "answer_start": 551}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was stopped due to protest interruptions?", "id": "56db1b38e7c41114004b4d29", "answers": [{"text": "torch relay ceremony", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the handicapped bearer of the torch?", "id": "56db1b38e7c41114004b4d2a", "answers": [{"text": "Jin Jing", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the ethnic Chinese call the disabled torch bearer?", "id": "56db1b38e7c41114004b4d2b", "answers": [{"text": "Angel in Wheelchair", "answer_start": 551}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who put a flag of Tibet out of the window at City Hall?", "id": "56db1b38e7c41114004b4d2d", "answers": [{"text": "Green Party officials.", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chinese officials canceled the torch relay ceremony amidst disruptions, including a Tibetan flag flown from a window in the City Hall by Green Party officials. The third torchbearer in the Paris leg, Jin Jing, who was disabled and carried the torch on a wheelchair, was assaulted several times by unidentified protestors seemingly from the pro-Tibet independent camp. In interviews, Jin Jing said that she was \"tugged at, scratched\" and \"kicked\", but that she \"did not feel the pain at the time.\" She received praise from ethnic Chinese worldwide as \"Angel in Wheelchair\". The Chinese government gave the comment that \"the Chinese respect France a lot\" but \"Paris [has slapped] its own face.\""}], ["Great Britain: Leg penyembur obor yang diadakan di London, bandar tuan rumah Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 2012, pada 6 April bermula di Stadium Wembley, melewati Kota London, dan akhirnya berakhir di O2 Arena di bahagian timur bandaraya. Kaki 48 km (30 batu) mengambil masa tujuh jam setengah untuk diselesaikan, dan menarik bantahan oleh pendokong pro-Tibet dan pendukung Hak Asasi Manusia, mendorong perubahan pada laluan yang dirancang dan langkah berjadual ke bas, yang kemudiannya secara ringkas dihentikan oleh penunjuk perasaan. Setiausaha Rumah, Jacqui Smith secara rasmi mengadu kepada Jawatankuasa Penganjur Beijing mengenai tingkah laku pengawal keselamatan Cina. Pegawai-pegawai Cina, yang dilihat penunjuk perasaan, dilihat oleh Datuk Bandar London, Ken Livingstone dan Lord Coe, pengerusi Jawatankuasa Olimpik London sebagai \"samseng\". Satu kertas taklimat polis metropolitan mendedahkan bahawa keselamatan untuk penghantar obor bernilai \u00a3 750,000 dan penyertaan pasukan keselamatan Cina telah dipersetujui terlebih dahulu, walaupun Datuk Bandar menyatakan, \"Kami tidak tahu sebelum ini samseng-samsung itu adalah dari perkhidmatan keselamatan. diketahui begitu, kami akan berkata tidak. \" <> Bandar manakah yang menjadi tuan rumah Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 2012? || London <> Bilakah laluan obor bermula di London? || 6 April <> Berapakah kos keselamatan untuk menyalakan obor di London? || \u00a3 750,000 <> Apa bandar yang diadakan pada tahun 2012? || London <> Di manakah geganti obor bermula di London untuk Sukan Olimpik 2008? || Stadium Wembley <> Di manakah akhir relay di London? || O2 Arena <> Berapa batu adalah relay di England? || 30 jam <> Kata apa yang digunakan oleh pegawai London untuk menggambarkan pengawal keselamatan China untuk rawatan mereka terhadap penunjuk perasaan? || samseng", {"qas": [{"question": "Which city hosted the 2012 Summer Olympics?", "id": "56d8decfdc89441400fdb362", "answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the torch route begin in London?", "id": "56d8decfdc89441400fdb363", "answers": [{"text": "April 6", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did security cost for the torch relay in London?", "id": "56d8decfdc89441400fdb366", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a3750,000", "answer_start": 923}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city held the Olympics in 2012?", "id": "56db0ce9e7c41114004b4cd3", "answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the torch relay begin in London for the 2008 Olympics?", "id": "56db0ce9e7c41114004b4cd4", "answers": [{"text": "Wembley Stadium", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the relay end in London?", "id": "56db0ce9e7c41114004b4cd5", "answers": [{"text": "O2 Arena", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many miles was the relay in England?", "id": "56db0ce9e7c41114004b4cd6", "answers": [{"text": "30 mi", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What word was used by London officials to describe Chinese security guards for their treatment of protesters?", "id": "56db0ce9e7c41114004b4cd7", "answers": [{"text": "thugs", "answer_start": 830}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\n Great Britain: The torch relay leg held in London, the host city of the 2012 Summer Olympics, on April 6 began at Wembley Stadium, passed through the City of London, and eventually ended at O2 Arena in the eastern part of the city. The 48 km (30 mi) leg took a total of seven and a half hours to complete, and attracted protests by pro-Tibetan independence and pro-Human Rights supporters, prompting changes to the planned route and an unscheduled move onto a bus, which was then briefly halted by protestors. Home Secretary Jacqui Smith has officially complained to Beijing Organising Committee about the conduct of the tracksuit-clad Chinese security guards. The Chinese officials, seen manhandling protesters, were described by both the London Mayor Ken Livingstone and Lord Coe, chairman of the London Olympic Committee as \"thugs\". A Metropolitan police briefing paper revealed that security for the torch relay cost \u00a3750,000 and the participation of the Chinese security team had been agreed in advance, despite the Mayor stating, \"We did not know beforehand these thugs were from the security services. Had I known so, we would have said no.\""}], ["China: Di China, obor itu mula-mula dialu-alukan oleh ahli Jawatankuasa Tetap Politburo Zhou Yongkang dan Anggota Majlis Negeri Liu Yandong. Ia kemudiannya diserahkan kepada Setiausaha Agung CPC Hu Jintao. Satu panggilan untuk memboikot Carrefour hypermart Perancis dari 1 Mei mula menyebarkan melalui pesanan teks mudah alih dan bilik sembang dalam talian di kalangan orang Cina pada hujung minggu dari 12 April, menuduh pemegang saham utama syarikat itu, Kumpulan LVMH, menyumbang dana kepada Dalai Lama. Terdapat juga panggilan untuk memperluaskan boikot itu untuk memasukkan barangan mewah Perancis dan produk kosmetik. Walau bagaimanapun, menurut Washington Times pada 15 April, kerajaan China berusaha \"menenangkan keadaan\" melalui penapisan: \"Semua komen yang dipaparkan di forum Internet popular Sohu.com berkaitan boikot Carrefour telah dihapuskan.\" Penunjuk perasaan Cina menganjurkan pemulauan rantaian runcit milik Carrefour di bandar-bandar utama China termasuk Kunming, Hefei dan Wuhan, menuduh negara Perancis konspirasi pro-pemisahan dan perkauman anti-Cina. Beberapa bendera Perancis dibakar, ada yang menambah Nazastik Swastika kepada bendera Perancis, dan menyebarkan mesej dalam talian pendek yang menyeru bantahan besar di depan konsulat Perancis dan kedutaan. Boikot Carrefour telah bertemu dengan penunjuk perasaan anti-boikot yang berkeras memasuki salah satu kedai Carrefour di Kunming, hanya untuk disekat oleh pemula yang memakai bendera Cina besar dan dilanggar oleh botol air. BBC melaporkan bahawa ratusan orang menunjukkan di Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming dan Qingdao. <> Tindakan telah diambil untuk memboikot syarikat mana? || Carrefour <> Siapa pemegang saham terbesar Carrefour? || Kumpulan LVMH <> Apa yang dibakar beberapa penunjuk perasaan? || bendera Perancis <> Di mana anti penunjuk perasaan dihalang daripada memasuki kedai Carrefour dengan bendera Cina? || Kunming <> Siapa yang dikatakan telah memberi wang kepada Dalai Lama? || Kumpulan LVMH <> Apakah kaedah yang digunakan kerajaan China untuk meredakan keadaan boikot? || penapisan <> Apa syarikat Perancis sedang diboikot? || Carrefour", {"qas": [{"question": "Action was taken to boycott which company?", "id": "56d8d9cddc89441400fdb33b", "answers": [{"text": "Carrefour", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the biggest shareholder of Carrefour?", "id": "56d8d9cddc89441400fdb33c", "answers": [{"text": "the LVMH Group", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did some protesters burn?", "id": "56d8d9cddc89441400fdb33d", "answers": [{"text": "the French flag", "answer_start": 1099}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were anti-protesters blocked from entering a Carrefour store with Chinese flags?", "id": "56d8d9cddc89441400fdb33e", "answers": [{"text": "Kunming", "answer_start": 932}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was said to have given money to the Dalai Lama?", "id": "56db02f4e7c41114004b4c38", "answers": [{"text": "the LVMH Group", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What method did the Chinese government use to ease the boycott situation?", "id": "56db02f4e7c41114004b4c39", "answers": [{"text": "censorship", "answer_start": 694}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What French company was being boycotted?", "id": "56db02f4e7c41114004b4c3a", "answers": [{"text": "Carrefour", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\n China: In China, the torch was first welcomed by Politburo Standing Committee member Zhou Yongkang and State Councilor Liu Yandong. It was subsequently passed onto CPC General Secretary Hu Jintao. A call to boycott French hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products. According to the Washington Times on April 15, however, the Chinese government was attempting to \"calm the situation\" through censorship: \"All comments posted on popular Internet forum Sohu.com relating to a boycott of Carrefour have been deleted.\" Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the French nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned French flags, some added Nazism's Swastika to the French flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of French consulates and embassy. The Carrefour boycott was met with anti-boycott demonstrators who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming, only to be blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. The BBC reported that hundreds of people demonstrated in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao."}], ["Daripada 80 orang pembawa obor di London, Sir Steve Redgrave, yang memulakan penyampai itu, menyatakan kepada media bahawa dia telah menerima e-mel permintaan untuk memboikot acara itu dan boleh \"melihat mengapa mereka ingin membuat masalah\" daripadanya. Francesca Martinez dan Richard Vaughan enggan membawa obor, manakala Konnie Huq memutuskan untuk membawanya dan juga bercakap terhadap China. Ahli Parlimen pro-Tibet Norman Baker meminta semua pemegang untuk menimbang semula. Di tengah tekanan dari kedua-dua arah, Perdana Menteri Gordon Brown menyambut obor di luar 10 Downing Street tanpa memegang atau menyentuhnya. Penyambungan London menyaksikan obor yang dikelilingi oleh apa yang disebut oleh BBC sebagai \"cincin perlindungan mudah alih.\" Protes bermula sebaik sahaja Redgrave memulakan acara itu, yang membawa kepada sekurang-kurangnya tiga puluh lima tangkapan. Di Ladbroke Grove, seorang penunjuk perasaan cuba merampas obor dari Konnie Huq dalam perjuangan seketika, dan dalam insiden berasingan, alat pemadam api dimatikan dekat obor. Duta China membawa obor melalui Chinatown selepas perubahan yang tidak diedarkan kepada laluan di tengah-tengah kebimbangan keselamatan. Obor itu membuat langkah berjaga-jaga ke sebuah bas di sepanjang Fleet Street di tengah kebimbangan keselamatan dan usaha untuk menghindari penunjuk perasaan. Dalam usaha untuk menentang penunjuk perasaan pro-Tibet dan menunjukkan sokongan mereka untuk Olimpik Beijing 2008, lebih daripada 2,000 orang Cina juga berkumpul di laluan obor dan menunjukkan dengan tanda, spanduk dan bendera Cina. Sebilangan besar penyokong tertumpu di Trafalgar Square, memaparkan slogan Olimpik \"Satu Dunia, Satu Mimpi\". <> Berapa banyak penunjuk lampu mengambil bahagian dalam laluan London? || 80 <> Siapa orang pertama yang memegang obor untuk laluan London? || Sir Steve Redgrave <> Bersama dengan Francesca Martinez, yang memutuskan untuk tidak membawa obor? || Richard Vaughan <> Siapa di luar di 10 Downing Street untuk mengalu-alukan obor tanpa menyentuhnya? || Perdana Menteri Gordon Brown <> Siapa yang mendapat e-mel meminta beliau untuk memboikot penyampai obor? || Sir Steve Redgrave <> Berapa ramai orang yang membawa obor di England untuk Sukan Olimpik 2008? || 80 <> Apa dua orang di England enggan menanggung obor? || Francesca Martinez dan Richard Vaughan <> Di mana Gordon Brown mengalu-alukan obor? || 10 Downing Street <> Di mana percubaan dibuat untuk mengambil obor? || Ladbroke Grove", {"qas": [{"question": "How many torchbearers took part in the London route?", "id": "56d8df98dc89441400fdb36c", "answers": [{"text": "80", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first person to hold the torch for the London route?", "id": "56d8df98dc89441400fdb36d", "answers": [{"text": "Sir Steve Redgrave", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Francesca Martinez, who decided to not carry the torch?", "id": "56d8df98dc89441400fdb36e", "answers": [{"text": "Richard Vaughan", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was outside at 10 Downing Street to welcome the torch without actually touching it?", "id": "56d8df98dc89441400fdb36f", "answers": [{"text": "Prime Minister Gordon Brown", "answer_start": 475}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who got emails asking him to boycott the torch relay?", "id": "56db0de5e7c41114004b4cdd", "answers": [{"text": "Sir Steve Redgrave", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people carried the torch in England for the 2008 Olympics?", "id": "56db0de5e7c41114004b4cde", "answers": [{"text": "80", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two people in England declined to bear the torch?", "id": "56db0de5e7c41114004b4cdf", "answers": [{"text": "Francesca Martinez and Richard Vaughan", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Gordon Brown welcome the torch?", "id": "56db0de5e7c41114004b4ce0", "answers": [{"text": "10 Downing Street", "answer_start": 530}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was an attempt made to take the torch?", "id": "56db0de5e7c41114004b4ce1", "answers": [{"text": "Ladbroke Grove", "answer_start": 777}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Of the 80 torch-bearers in London, Sir Steve Redgrave, who started the relay, mentioned to the media that he had received e-mailed pleas to boycott the event and could \"see why they would like to make an issue\" of it. Francesca Martinez and Richard Vaughan refused to carry the torch, while Konnie Huq decided to carry it and also speak out against China. The pro-Tibetan Member of Parliament Norman Baker asked all bearers to reconsider. Amid pressure from both directions, Prime Minister Gordon Brown welcomed the torch outside 10 Downing Street without holding or touching it. The London relay saw the torch surrounded by what the BBC described as \"a mobile protective ring.\" Protests began as soon as Redgrave started the event, leading to at least thirty-five arrests. In Ladbroke Grove a demonstrator attempted to snatch the torch from Konnie Huq in a momentary struggle, and in a separate incident, a fire extinguisher was set off near the torch. The Chinese ambassador carried the torch through Chinatown after an unpublicized change to the route amid security concerns. The torch made an unscheduled move onto a bus along Fleet Street amid security concerns and efforts to evade the protesters. In an effort to counter the pro-Tibet protesters and show their support for the 2008 Beijing Olympics, more than 2,000 Chinese also gathered on the torch route and demonstrated with signs, banners and Chinese flags. A large number of supporters were concentrated in Trafalgar Square, displaying the Olympic slogan \"One World, One Dream\"."}], ["Perancis: Kaki relay obor di Paris, yang diadakan pada 7 April, bermula di peringkat pertama Menara Eiffel dan selesai di Stade Charl\u00e9ty. Relay pada mulanya sepatutnya meliputi 28 km, namun ia dipendekkan atas permintaan para pegawai China berikutan protes yang meluas oleh pro-Tibet dan aktivis hak asasi manusia, yang berulang kali cuba mengganggu, menghalang atau menghentikan perarakan. Upacara yang dijadualkan di dewan bandar dibatalkan atas permintaan pihak berkuasa China, dan juga atas permintaan pihak berkuasa China, obor telah selesai relay dengan bas dan bukan dibawa oleh atlet. Pegawai-pegawai City Paris telah mengumumkan rancangan untuk menyambut api Olimpiade dengan protes aman apabila obor itu akan sampai ke ibu kota Perancis. Kerajaan bandar melampirkan sepanduk membaca \"Paris mempertahankan hak asasi manusia di seluruh dunia\" ke Dewan Bandaraya, dalam usaha untuk mempromosikan nilai \"semua manusia dan hak asasi manusia.\" Ahli-ahli dari Reporters Without Borders ternyata dalam jumlah besar untuk memprotes. Kira-kira 3,000 polis Perancis melindungi relay obor Olimpik kerana ia berlepas dari Menara Eiffel dan menyeberang ke Paris dengan ancaman bantahan. Bantahan pro-Tibet yang meluas, termasuk percubaan oleh lebih daripada satu penunjuk perasaan untuk memadamkan api dengan pemadam air atau api, mendorong pihak berkuasa relay untuk mengeluarkan api lima kali (menurut pihak berkuasa polis di Paris) dan memuat obor ke bas , atas permintaan pegawai China. Ini kemudiannya ditolak oleh Kementerian Luar Negeri China, walaupun rakaman video yang disiarkan oleh rangkaian televisyen Perancis Perancis 2 yang menunjukkan para pegawai api Cina memadamkan obor. Serangan sandaran adalah dengan relay pada setiap masa untuk menyegarkan obor. Judoka dan tukang sulap Perancis, David Douillet menyuarakan kegelisahannya terhadap para pembantunya yang memecat obor yang diserahkannya kepada Teddy Riner: \"Saya faham mereka takut kepada segala-galanya, tetapi ini hanya menjengkelkan. hakikat bahawa tidak ada risiko, dan mereka dapat melihatnya dan mereka tahu itu. Saya tidak tahu mengapa mereka melakukannya. \" <> Bilakah berlaku geganti obor di Paris? || 7 April <> Di manakah laluan Paris bermula untuk geganti obor? || Menara Eiffel <> Daripada dibawa oleh seorang atlet, bagaimanakah obor itu menamatkan laluannya di Paris? || dengan bas <> Api dari obor diletakkan ketika David Douillet bersedia menyerahkannya kepada siapa? || Teddy Riner <> Apa tarikh penyambungan obor bermula di Perancis? || 7 April <> Apa bandar di Perancis lakukan geganti obor bermula? || Paris <> Di mana lokasi penyambungan obor bermula di bandar di Paris? || Menara Eiffel <> Berapa banyak polis dikatakan telah melindungi obor di Perancis? || 3,000 <> Berapa kali obor yang dikeluarkan di Perancis mati kepada kebimbangan keselamatan? || lima", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the torch relay in Paris occur?", "id": "56d8e071dc89441400fdb376", "answers": [{"text": "April 7", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Paris route start for the torch relay?", "id": "56d8e071dc89441400fdb377", "answers": [{"text": "the Eiffel Tower", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Rather than being carried by an athlete, how did the torch end its route in Paris?", "id": "56d8e071dc89441400fdb379", "answers": [{"text": "by bus", "answer_start": 555}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The flame of the torch was put out when David Douillet was ready to hand it to who?", "id": "56d8e071dc89441400fdb37a", "answers": [{"text": "Teddy Riner", "answer_start": 1898}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What date did the torch relay begin in France?", "id": "56db0f17e7c41114004b4ce7", "answers": [{"text": "April 7", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city in France did the torch relay start at?", "id": "56db0f17e7c41114004b4ce8", "answers": [{"text": "Paris", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where location was the torch relay started in the city in Paris?", "id": "56db0f17e7c41114004b4ce9", "answers": [{"text": "Eiffel Tower", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many police were said to have protected the torch in France?", "id": "56db0f17e7c41114004b4cea", "answers": [{"text": "3,000", "answer_start": 1015}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times was the torch put out in France die to security concerns?", "id": "56db0f17e7c41114004b4ceb", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 1343}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\n France: The torch relay leg in Paris, held on April 7, began on the first level of the Eiffel Tower and finished at the Stade Charl\u00e9ty. The relay was initially supposed to cover 28 km, but it was shortened at the demand of Chinese officials following widespread protests by pro-Tibet and human rights activists, who repeatedly attempted to disrupt, hinder or halt the procession. A scheduled ceremony at the town hall was cancelled at the request of the Chinese authorities, and, also at the request of Chinese authorities, the torch finished the relay by bus instead of being carried by athletes. Paris City officials had announced plans to greet the Olympic flame with peaceful protest when the torch was to reach the French capital. The city government attached a banner reading \"Paris defends human rights throughout the world\" to the City Hall, in an attempt to promote values \"of all humanity and of human rights.\" Members from Reporters Without Borders turned out in large numbers to protest. An estimated 3,000 French police protected the Olympic torch relay as it departed from the Eiffel Tower and criss-crossed Paris amid threat of protests. Widespread pro-Tibet protests, including an attempt by more than one demonstrator to extinguish the flame with water or fire extinguishers, prompted relay authorities to put out the flame five times (according to the police authorities in Paris) and load the torch onto a bus, at the demand of Chinese officials. This was later denied by the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, despite video footage broadcast by French television network France 2 which showed Chinese flame attendants extinguishing the torch. Backup flames are with the relay at all times to relight the torch. French judoka and torchbearer David Douillet expressed his annoyance at the Chinese flame attendants who extinguished the torch which he was about to hand over to Teddy Riner: \"I understand they're afraid of everything, but this is just annoying. They extinguished the flame despite the fact that there was no risk, and they could see it and they knew it. I don't know why they did it.\""}], ["Ahli Parlimen Perancis dan ahli politik Perancis lain turut menganjurkan bantahan. Semua parti politik di Parlimen-UMP, Sosialis, Pusat Baru, Komunis, Pergerakan Demokratik (tengah) dan Greens-bersama-sama meminta jeda di sesi Perhimpunan Kebangsaan, yang telah diberikan, supaya Ahli Parlimen dapat melangkah keluar dan membuka sepanduk yang membaca \" Menghormati Hak Asasi Manusia di China \". Jurulatih yang mengandungi obor memandu melepasi Perhimpunan Nasional dan anggota Parlimen yang membantah, yang menjerit \"Kebebasan untuk Tibet!\" beberapa kali kerana ia berlalu. <> Apa yang diminta oleh parti-parti politik untuk berhenti sebentar? || sesi Perhimpunan Kebangsaan <> Teks apa yang ada pada spanduk yang ahli-ahli politik terbabas di luar? || Menghormati Hak Asasi Manusia di China <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh ahli parlimen apabila obor diluluskan? || Kebebasan untuk Tibet! <> Pelbagai ahli politik Perancis memulakan protes termasuk ahli-ahli apa? || Parlimen <> Semua puak politik Perancis meminta sementara sementara untuk apa? || Sesi Perhimpunan Kebangsaan <> Mengapakah spanduk mengatakan bahawa ia telah dilancarkan semasa berhenti sementara? || Menghormati Hak Asasi Manusia di China <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh ahli Parlimen sebagai penyampai? || Kebebasan untuk Tibet!", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the political parties request a brief stop in?", "id": "56d8e49edc89441400fdb399", "answers": [{"text": "the National Assembly's session", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What text was on the banner that the politicians unrolled outside?", "id": "56d8e49edc89441400fdb39a", "answers": [{"text": "Respect for Human Rights in China", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did MPs yell when the torch passed them?", "id": "56d8e49edc89441400fdb39b", "answers": [{"text": "Freedom for Tibet!", "answer_start": 492}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Various French politicians started protests including members of what?", "id": "56db1df1e7c41114004b4d7f", "answers": [{"text": "Parliament", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "All the French political factions requested a temporary halt to what?", "id": "56db1df1e7c41114004b4d80", "answers": [{"text": "National Assembly's session", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did the banner say that was unveiled during the temporary halt?", "id": "56db1df1e7c41114004b4d81", "answers": [{"text": "Respect for Human Rights in China", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Parliamentary members yell as the relay passed?", "id": "56db1df1e7c41114004b4d82", "answers": [{"text": "Freedom for Tibet!", "answer_start": 492}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "French members of Parliament and other French politicians also organised a protest. All political parties in Parliament\u2014UMP, Socialists, New Centre, Communists, Democratic Movement (centre) and Greens\u2014jointly requested a pause in the National Assembly's session, which was granted, so that MPs could step outside and unfurl a banner which read \"Respect for Human Rights in China\". The coach containing the torch drove past the National Assembly and the assembled protesting MPs, who shouted \"Freedom for Tibet!\" several times as it passed."}], ["Beberapa ratus penunjuk perasaan pro-Tibet berkumpul di Trocad\u00e9ro dengan bendera dan bendera Tibet, dan tetap ada untuk protes damai, tidak pernah menghampiri penyampai obor itu sendiri. Antaranya ialah Jane Birkin, yang bercakap kepada media mengenai \"kekurangan kebebasan bersuara\" di China. Turut hadir ialah Thupten Gyatso, Presiden masyarakat Tibet Perancis, yang menyeru demonstran pro-Tibet untuk \"tetap tenang, tidak ganas, aman\". <> Di mana ratusan penunjuk perasaan pro-Tibet bertemu? || yang Trocad\u00e9ro <> Siapa yang bercakap dengan media mengenai kekurangan kebebasan berbahasa Cina? || Jane Birkin <Siapa yang menjadi presiden masyarakat Tibet Perancis yang menggesa para penunjuk perasaan untuk tetap aman? || Thupten Gyatso <> Di mana penunjuk perasaan pro-Tibet berkumpul? || Trocad\u00e9ro <> The Trocad\u00e9ro tidak mengganggu penyampai dan dikatakan apa? || selamat <> Siapa, dari protes Trocad\u00e9ro, bercakap dengan media? || Jane Birkin <> Apa yang orang yang bercakap dengan media di Trocad\u00e9ro mengatakan kekurangan China? || kebebasan bersuara", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did hundreds of pro-Tibet protesters meet?", "id": "56d8e40fdc89441400fdb390", "answers": [{"text": "the Trocad\u00e9ro", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who spoke to the media about China's lack of freedom of speech?", "id": "56d8e40fdc89441400fdb392", "answers": [{"text": "Jane Birkin", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the President of the French Tibetan community that urged protesters to remain peaceful?", "id": "56d8e40fdc89441400fdb393", "answers": [{"text": "Thupten Gyatso", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did pro-Tibetan protesters get together?", "id": "56db1cbee7c41114004b4d5d", "answers": [{"text": "Trocad\u00e9ro", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Trocad\u00e9ro was not disruptive of the relay and said to have been what?", "id": "56db1cbee7c41114004b4d5e", "answers": [{"text": "peaceful", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who, of the Trocad\u00e9ro protest, spoke to the media?", "id": "56db1cbee7c41114004b4d5f", "answers": [{"text": "Jane Birkin", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the person who spoke to the media at Trocad\u00e9ro say China lacked?", "id": "56db1cbee7c41114004b4d60", "answers": [{"text": "freedom of speech", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Several hundred pro-Tibet protesters gathered at the Trocad\u00e9ro with banners and Tibetan flags, and remained there for a peaceful protest, never approaching the torch relay itself. Among them was Jane Birkin, who spoke to the media about the \"lack of freedom of speech\" in China. Also present was Thupten Gyatso, President of the French Tibetan community, who called upon pro-Tibet demonstrators to \"remain calm, non-violent, peaceful\"."}], ["Pada 1 April 2008, Lembaga Pengawas San Francisco telah meluluskan resolusi yang menangani kebimbangan hak asasi manusia apabila obor Olimpik Beijing tiba di San Francisco pada 9 April. Resolusi itu akan mengalu-alukan obor dengan \"penggera dan bantahan terhadap kegagalan China untuk bertemu janji lama yang lalu kepada masyarakat antarabangsa, termasuk warga San Francisco, untuk menghentikan penyalahgunaan hak asasi manusia yang berlaku di China dan menduduki Tibet. \" Pada 8 April, pelbagai protes telah dirancang termasuk satu di Plaza United Nations di bandar yang dipimpin oleh pelakon Richard Gere dan Uskup Desmond Tutu. <> Siapa yang meluluskan resolusi mengenai hak asasi manusia pada 1 April 2008? || Lembaga Pengawas San Francisco <> Kebimbangan mengenai apa yang berlaku di China dan Tibet? || penyalahgunaan hak asasi manusia <> Apa tarikh protes yang diketuai oleh Gere dan Tutu? || 8 April <> Bilakah resolusi yang dipersetujui mengenai isu hak asasi manusia Cina di San Francisco? || April 1, 2008 <> Siapa yang meluluskan resolusi? || San Francisco Board of Supervisors <> Di manakah protes yang dirancang di San Francisco? || United Nations Plaza <> Apa pelakon yang dijadualkan menghadiri protes Olimpik San Francisco? || Richard Gere", {"qas": [{"question": "Who approved a resolution concerning human rights on April 1, 2008?", "id": "56d8e72adc89441400fdb3b4", "answers": [{"text": "San Francisco Board of Supervisors", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The concern was over what in China and Tibet?", "id": "56d8e72adc89441400fdb3b5", "answers": [{"text": "human rights abuses", "answer_start": 408}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What date was the protest which was led by Gere and Tutu?", "id": "56d8e72adc89441400fdb3b7", "answers": [{"text": "April 8", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was a resolution agreed to about Chinese human rights issues in San Francisco?", "id": "56db2356e7c41114004b4dfb", "answers": [{"text": "April 1, 2008", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who approved the resolution?", "id": "56db2356e7c41114004b4dfc", "answers": [{"text": "San Francisco Board of Supervisors", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was a protest planned in San Francisco?", "id": "56db2356e7c41114004b4dfe", "answers": [{"text": "United Nations Plaza", "answer_start": 529}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What actor was scheduled to attend a San Francisco Olympic protest?", "id": "56db2356e7c41114004b4dff", "answers": [{"text": "Richard Gere", "answer_start": 563}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with \"alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet.\" On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu."}], ["Polis Perancis dikritik kerana pengendalian peristiwa itu, dan terutamanya untuk merampas bendera Tibet daripada penunjuk perasaan. Liberation akhbar mengulas: \"Polis melakukan begitu banyak bahawa hanya orang Cina diberi kebebasan bersuara. Bendera Tibet dilarang di mana-mana kecuali di Trocad\u00e9ro.\" Menteri Dalam Negeri Mich\u00e8le Alliot-Marie kemudian menyatakan bahawa polis tidak diperintahkan untuk berbuat demikian, dan mereka bertindak atas inisiatif mereka sendiri. Seorang jurukamera Perancis 2 terkena wajah seorang pegawai polis, mengetuk tidak sedarkan diri, dan terpaksa dihantar ke hospital. <> Apa yang diambil oleh polis Perancis daripada penunjuk perasaan? || Bendera Tibet <> Suratkhabar yang melaporkan bahawa hanya orang Cina yang dapat menyatakan diri mereka sendiri? || Pengembaraan <> Di mana satu-satunya tempat bendera Tibet boleh diadakan? || yang Trocad\u00e9ro <> Siapa Menteri Dalam Negeri? || Mich\u00e8le Alliot-Marie <> Apakah penguatkuasaan undang-undang Perancis diambil dari penunjuk perasaan? || Bendera Tibet <> Di mana satu-satunya bendera Tibet tempat dibenarkan? || the Trocad\u00e9ro. <> Siapa kata polis bertindak sendiri dengan mengambil bendera? || Mich\u00e8le Alliot-Marie <> Siapa yang membuat kamera Perancis 2 orang tidak sedarkan diri? || seorang pegawai polis", {"qas": [{"question": "What did French police take from demonstrators?", "id": "56d8e547dc89441400fdb3a0", "answers": [{"text": "Tibetan flags", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which newspaper reported that only the Chinese could express themselves?", "id": "56d8e547dc89441400fdb3a1", "answers": [{"text": "Lib\u00e9ration", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the only place the Tibetan flag could be held?", "id": "56d8e547dc89441400fdb3a2", "answers": [{"text": "the Trocad\u00e9ro", "answer_start": 295}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Minister of the Interior?", "id": "56d8e547dc89441400fdb3a3", "answers": [{"text": "Mich\u00e8le Alliot-Marie", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did French law enforcement take from protesters?", "id": "56db1f11e7c41114004b4d9b", "answers": [{"text": "Tibetan flags", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the only place Tibetan flags were permitted?", "id": "56db1f11e7c41114004b4d9c", "answers": [{"text": "the Trocad\u00e9ro.", "answer_start": 295}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said the police acted on their own in taking the flags?", "id": "56db1f11e7c41114004b4d9d", "answers": [{"text": "Mich\u00e8le Alliot-Marie", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who rendered a France 2 camera person unconscious?", "id": "56db1f11e7c41114004b4d9e", "answers": [{"text": "a police officer", "answer_start": 517}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "French police were criticised for their handling of the events, and notably for confiscating Tibetan flags from demonstrators. The newspaper Lib\u00e9ration commented: \"The police did so much that only the Chinese were given freedom of expression. The Tibetan flag was forbidden everywhere except on the Trocad\u00e9ro.\" Minister of the Interior Mich\u00e8le Alliot-Marie later stated that the police had not been ordered to do so, and that they had acted on their own initiative. A cameraman for France 2 was struck in the face by a police officer, knocked unconscious, and had to be sent to hospital."}], ["Pengarah jangkauan HRTR, Susan Prager, juga merupakan pengarah komunikasi \"Friends of Falun Gong\", sebuah non-profit kuasi kerajaan yang dibiayai oleh fmr. Isteri Kongres Tom Lanto dan Duta Besar Mark Palmer dari NED. Kemunculan utama kepada acara itu disebabkan oleh pemain bola sepak Diego Maradona, yang dijadual membuka relay melalui Buenos Aires, menarik diri dalam cubaan untuk mengelakkan kontroversi Olimpik. Cuba mengelakkan adegan yang merosakkan relay di UK, Perancis dan Amerika Syarikat, kerajaan bandar telah merancang pengendali keselamatan yang rumit untuk melindungi relay obor, yang melibatkan 1200 pegawai polis dan 3000 orang lain, termasuk pekerja awam dan sukarelawan. Keseluruhannya, protes itu bersifat damai, walaupun terdapat beberapa insiden seperti membaling beberapa belon air dalam usaha memadamkan api Olimpik, dan perbalahan kecil antara penunjuk perasaan dan penyokong Olimpik dari komuniti imigran Cina. <> Siapa pengarah jangkauan HRTR? || Susan Prager <> Apa keuntungan yang dibiayai oleh Mark Palmer? || Kawan-kawan Falun Gong <> Pemain bola sepak mana yang memutuskan untuk tidak menjadi tukang becak kerana kontroversi? || Diego Maradona <> Berapa banyak pegawai polis yang ada untuk mengelakkan kontroversi sepanjang laluan obor? || 1200 <> Apa yang dibuang untuk mencuba dan memadamkan api? || belon air <> Apakah pengarah komunikasi Susan Prager? || Kawan-kawan Falun Gong <> Apa bintang bola sepak disokong kerana kontroversi geganti? || Diego Maradona <> Berapa ramai pegawai polis adalah sebahagian daripada operasi keselamatan? || 1200 <> Apa yang dilemparkan pada obor yang cuba memadamkannya? || belon air <> protes dianggap keseluruhannya dalam keadaan apa? || aman", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the outreach director of HRTR?", "id": "56d96652dc89441400fdb3e2", "answers": [{"text": "Susan Prager", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the non profit that was funded by Mark Palmer?", "id": "56d96652dc89441400fdb3e3", "answers": [{"text": "Friends of Falun Gong", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which footballer decided to not be a torchbearer because of the controversy?", "id": "56d96652dc89441400fdb3e4", "answers": [{"text": "Diego Maradona", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many police officers were in place to avoid controversy along the torch route?", "id": "56d96652dc89441400fdb3e5", "answers": [{"text": "1200", "answer_start": 572}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was thrown to try and put out the flame?", "id": "56d96652dc89441400fdb3e6", "answers": [{"text": "water balloons", "answer_start": 774}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Susan Prager communication director of?", "id": "56db2b7fe7c41114004b4e8d", "answers": [{"text": "Friends of Falun Gong", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What football star backed out due to relay controversy?", "id": "56db2b7fe7c41114004b4e8e", "answers": [{"text": "Diego Maradona", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many police officers were part of the security operative?", "id": "56db2b7fe7c41114004b4e8f", "answers": [{"text": "1200", "answer_start": 572}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was tossed at the torch trying to put it out?", "id": "56db2b7fe7c41114004b4e90", "answers": [{"text": "water balloons", "answer_start": 774}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The protests were considered to be overall what in nature?", "id": "56db2b7fe7c41114004b4e91", "answers": [{"text": "peaceful", "answer_start": 686}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The outreach director of HRTR, Susan Prager, is also the communication director of \"Friends of Falun Gong\", a quasi-government non-profit funded by fmr. Congressman Tom Lanto's wife and Ambassador Mark Palmer of NED. A major setback to the event was caused by footballer Diego Maradona, scheduled to open the relay through Buenos Aires, pulling out in an attempt to avoid the Olympic controversy. Trying to avoid the scenes that marred the relay in the UK, France and the US, the city government designed a complex security operative to protect the torch relay, involving 1200 police officers and 3000 other people, including public employees and volunteers. Overall, the protests were peaceful in nature, although there were a few incidents such as the throwing of several water balloons in an attempt to extinguish the Olympic flame, and minor scuffles between Olympic protesters and supporters from Chinese immigrant communities."}], ["Beberapa penyokong untuk Tibet, Darfur, dan amalan rohani Falun Gong, merancang untuk membantah ketibaan obor pada 9 April di San Francisco. China telah meminta laluan obor di San Francisco dipendekkan. Pada 7 April 2008, dua hari sebelum geganti obor sebenar, tiga aktivis yang membawa bendera Tibet menaikkan kabel penggantungan Jambatan Golden Gate untuk membentangkan dua sepanduk, yang mengatakan \"Satu Dunia, Satu Mimpi, Tibet Bebas\", dan yang lain , \"Tibet Percuma '08\". Antaranya ialah pemangku San Francisco, Laurel Sutherlin, yang bercakap dengan stesen TV tempatan KPIX-CBS5 hidup dari telefon bimbit, mendesak Jawatankuasa Olimpik Antarabangsa meminta China supaya tidak membenarkan obor itu melalui Tibet. \"Sutherlin berkata beliau bimbang bahawa laluan yang dirancang oleh obor melalui Tibet akan membawa lebih banyak penangkapan dan pegawai-pegawai China akan menggunakan kekerasan untuk menyekat perbezaan pendapat.\" Ketiga aktivis dan lima penyokong menghadapi pertuduhan yang berkaitan dengan pencerobohan, konspirasi dan menyebabkan gangguan awam. <> Tiga penunjuk perasaan memanjat apa yang harus digantung dua spanduk pada 7 April 2008? || Jambatan Golden Gate <> Laurel Sutherlin bercakap kepada stesen TV mengenai kebimbangannya? || KPIX-CBS5 <> Siapa yang meminta laluan relay San Francisco dipendekkan? || China <> Apa jambatan yang terkenal mempunyai dua spanduk digantung darinya oleh penunjuk perasaan? || Jambatan Golden Gate <> Siapa yang bercakap ke stesen KPIX-CBS5 mengenai protes sepanduk jambatan? || Laurel Sutherlin <> Berapa banyak penyokong menghadapi caj untuk aksi jambatan? || lima <> Berapa ramai aktivis boleh dikenakan tindakan jenayah untuk aksi jambatan? || tiga", {"qas": [{"question": "Three protester climbed what to hang two banners on April 7, 2008?", "id": "56d8e7d8dc89441400fdb3bd", "answers": [{"text": "Golden Gate Bridge", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Laurel Sutherlin spoke to which TV station about his concerns?", "id": "56d8e7d8dc89441400fdb3be", "answers": [{"text": "KPIX-CBS5", "answer_start": 565}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who asked that the San Francisco relay route be shortened?", "id": "56db2495e7c41114004b4e05", "answers": [{"text": "China", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What famous bridge had two banners hung from it by protesters?", "id": "56db2495e7c41114004b4e06", "answers": [{"text": "Golden Gate Bridge", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who spoke to station KPIX-CBS5 about the bridge banner protests?", "id": "56db2495e7c41114004b4e07", "answers": [{"text": "Laurel Sutherlin", "answer_start": 513}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many supporters face charges for the bridge stunt?", "id": "56db2495e7c41114004b4e08", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 883}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many activists may be charged with crimes for the bridge stunt?", "id": "56db2495e7c41114004b4e09", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance."}], ["Aktivis Argentina memberitahu sidang akhbar bahawa mereka tidak akan cuba menyemburkan api obor sebagai penunjuk perasaan di Paris dan London. \"Saya mahu mengumumkan bahawa kami tidak akan mengeluarkan obor Olimpik,\" kata aktivis pro-Tibet Jorge Carcavallo. \"Kami akan menjalankan tindakan kejutan di seluruh bandar Buenos Aires, tetapi semua ini akan aman.\" Antara aktiviti lain, penunjuk perasaan menganjurkan perarakan alternatif yang datang dari Obelisk ke dewan bandaraya, yang menampilkan \"Obor Hak Asasi Manusia\" mereka sendiri. Sebuah sepanduk raksasa yang membaca \"Percuma Tibet\" juga dipaparkan pada laluan obor. Menurut seorang wakil dari NGO 'Human Rights Torch Relay', tujuan mereka adalah untuk \"menunjukkan pertentangan antara Sukan Olimpik dan kehadiran pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang meluas di China\" <> Apa nama aktivis yang menjanjikan protes yang aman ? || Jorge Carcavallo <> Jalan apa yang dirancang untuk perjalanan alternatif? || dari Obelisk ke dewan bandar <> Apa yang ada pada spanduk yang dipaparkan di mana obor tukang lampu akan membawa obor? || Percuma Tibet <> Apa nama penunjuk perasaan yang mengatakan mereka tidak akan cuba memadamkan obor? || Jorge Carcavallo. <> Di manakah perjalanan perjalanan lain dan ke? || Obelisk ke dewan bandar <> Apakah nama yang diberikan kepada obor yang dijalankan pada perarakan alternatif? || Obor Hak Asasi Manusia. <> Apa spanduk besar mengatakan bahawa sepanjang laluan berbaris alternatif? || Percuma Tibet <> Apa penyampaian alternatif tanpa izin dipanggil? || Relay Obor Hak Asasi Manusia", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the activist who promised peaceful protests?", "id": "56d9618ddc89441400fdb3d9", "answers": [{"text": "Jorge Carcavallo", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What route was planned for an alternative march?", "id": "56d9618ddc89441400fdb3da", "answers": [{"text": "from the Obelisk to the city hall", "answer_start": 436}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was on the banner that was displayed where the torchbearers would carry the torch?", "id": "56d9618ddc89441400fdb3db", "answers": [{"text": "Free Tibet", "answer_start": 537}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the protester who said they would not try to extinguish the torch?", "id": "56db2941e7c41114004b4e6b", "answers": [{"text": "Jorge Carcavallo.", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the other march travel form and to?", "id": "56db2941e7c41114004b4e6c", "answers": [{"text": "Obelisk to the city hall", "answer_start": 445}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name given to the torch carried on the alternative march?", "id": "56db2941e7c41114004b4e6d", "answers": [{"text": "Human Rights Torch.", "answer_start": 492}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the large banner say that was along the alternative march route?", "id": "56db2941e7c41114004b4e6e", "answers": [{"text": "Free Tibet", "answer_start": 537}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the unsanctioned alternative relay called?", "id": "56db2941e7c41114004b4e6f", "answers": [{"text": "Human Rights Torch Relay", "answer_start": 632}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Argentine activists told a news conference that they would not try to snuff out the torch's flame as demonstrators had in Paris and London. \"I want to announce that we will not put out the Olympic torch,\" said pro-Tibet activist Jorge Carcavallo. \"We'll be carrying out surprise actions throughout the city of Buenos Aires, but all of these will be peaceful.\" Among other activities, protesters organized an alternative march that went from the Obelisk to the city hall, featuring their own \"Human Rights Torch.\" A giant banner reading \"Free Tibet\" was also displayed on the torch route. According to a representative from the NGO 'Human Rights Torch Relay', their objective was to \"show the contradiction between the Olympic Games and the presence of widespread human rights violations in China\""}], ["Argentina: Leg penyerang obor di Buenos Aires, Argentina, yang diadakan pada 11 April, bermula dengan pertunjukan seni di Amphitheater Lola Mora di Costanera Sur. Di penghujung acara itu, Datuk Bandar Buenos Aires Mauricio Macri memberi obor kepada tukang sulap pertama, Carlos Esp\u00ednola. Kaki itu selesai di Kelab Menunggang Buenos Aires di daerah Palermo, tukang sulap terakhir Gabriela Sabatini. Laluan sepanjang 13.8 km termasuk mercu tanda seperti obelisk dan Plaza de Mayo. Hari ini ditandai oleh beberapa protes pro-Tibet, yang termasuk sepanduk raksasa membaca \"Tibet Percuma\", dan alternatif \"obor hak asasi manusia\" yang dinyalakan oleh penunjuk perasaan dan diarak sepanjang laluan api itu akan diambil. Kebanyakan protes ini bersifat damai, dan obor tidak terhalang. Pendatang-pendatang Cina juga berpaling menyokong Sukan, tetapi hanya pelanggaran kecil dilaporkan antara kedua-dua kumpulan. Pelari yang dikelilingi oleh barisan keselamatan membawa api Olimpik melepasi beribu-ribu Argentines yang gembira dalam penyambungan obor yang paling sukar dalam tempoh hampir seminggu. Orang-orang membawa laluan perbarisan dengan confetti sebagai bank, pejabat kerajaan dan perniagaan mengambil percutian separuh hari tanpa henti untuk satu-satunya berhenti Amerika Latin pada perjalanan lima benua api itu. <> Bilakah penyambungan obor Olimpik bermula di Buenos Aires? || 11 April <> Di mana laluan obor bermula di Buenos Aires? || Amfiteater Lola Mora <> Siapa yang menjadi walikota Buenos Aires? || Mauricio Macri <> Di manakah relay obor Olimpiade bermula di Argentina? || Buenos Aires <> Tempat mana yang mengadakan pertunjukan pembukaan bagi penyampai itu? || Amfiteater Lola Mora <> Apakah nama Datuk Bandar yang melepaskan obor kepada pembawa pertama di Argentina? || Mauricio Macri <> Siapa pembawa obor pertama di Argentina? || Carlos Esp\u00ednola. <> Apa yang disembur sepanjang laluan di beberapa tempat? || confetti", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Olympic torch relay begin in Buenos Aires?", "id": "56d8e922dc89441400fdb3ce", "answers": [{"text": "April 11", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the torch route start in Buenos Aires?", "id": "56d8e922dc89441400fdb3cf", "answers": [{"text": "the Lola Mora amphitheatre", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the mayor of Buenos Aires?", "id": "56d8e922dc89441400fdb3d0", "answers": [{"text": "Mauricio Macri", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Olympic torch relay begin in Argentina?", "id": "56db2841e7c41114004b4e4f", "answers": [{"text": "Buenos Aires", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What place held an opening show for the relay?", "id": "56db2841e7c41114004b4e50", "answers": [{"text": "Lola Mora amphitheatre", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the mayor who passed off the torch to the first bearer in Argentina?", "id": "56db2841e7c41114004b4e51", "answers": [{"text": "Mauricio Macri", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first bearer of the torch in Argentina?", "id": "56db2841e7c41114004b4e52", "answers": [{"text": "Carlos Esp\u00ednola.", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was showered along the route in some places?", "id": "56db2841e7c41114004b4e53", "answers": [{"text": "confetti", "answer_start": 1083}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": " Argentina: The torch relay leg in Buenos Aires, Argentina, held on April 11, began with an artistic show at the Lola Mora amphitheatre in Costanera Sur. In the end of the show the mayor of Buenos Aires Mauricio Macri gave the torch to the first torchbearer, Carlos Esp\u00ednola. The leg finished at the Buenos Aires Riding Club in the Palermo district, the last torchbearer being Gabriela Sabatini. The 13.8 km route included landmarks like the obelisk and Plaza de Mayo. The day was marked by several pro-Tibet protests, which included a giant banner reading \"Free Tibet\", and an alternative \"human rights torch\" that was lit by protesters and paraded along the route the flame was to take. Most of these protests were peaceful in nature, and the torch was not impeded. Chinese immigrants also turned out in support of the Games, but only minor scuffles were reported between both groups. Runners surrounded by rows of security carried the Olympic flame past thousands of jubilant Argentines in the most trouble-free torch relay in nearly a week. People showered the parade route with confetti as banks, government offices and businesses took an impromptu half-day holiday for the only Latin American stop on the flame's five-continent journey."}], ["Obor itu dinyalakan di sebuah taman di luar di AT & T Park kira-kira pukul 1:17 petang PDT (20:17 UTC), yang diadakan secara ringkas oleh para pegawai Olimpik Amerika dan China. Relay turun menjadi kekeliruan sebagai pelari pertama dalam penyambungan yang dirancang secara rasional itu hilang ke dalam gudang di dermaga tepi pantai di mana ia tinggal selama setengah jam. Terdapat pertentangan di antara beribu-ribu penunjuk perasaan pro-China, yang kebanyakannya mengatakan bahawa mereka telah diangkut oleh Konsulat China dan kumpulan pro-China yang lain, dan kedua penunjuk perasaan pro-Tibet dan Darfur. Para penunjuk perasaan non-China dilaporkan telah dibanjiri dan dilarikan oleh orang-orang yang marah. Sekitar pukul 2 petang PDT (21:00 UTC), obor bermula kira-kira 3 km (1.9 mi) jauh dari stadium di Van Ness Avenue, sebuah jalan raya yang banyak diperdagangkan yang tidak menggunakan pelan laluan rasmi. Laporan televisyen menunjukkan api yang diapit oleh motosikal dan pegawai polis berpakaian seragam. Dua orang pembawa obor membawa api yang berjalan perlahan di belakang sebuah trak dan dikelilingi oleh pengawal keselamatan Olimpik. Semasa penyambungan obor, dua orang penembak sulung, Andrew Michael yang menggunakan kerusi roda dan merupakan Naib Presiden Pembangunan Mampan untuk Majlis Kawasan Bay dan Pengarah Perkongsian Untuk Perubahan, dan seorang peguam bela alam, Majora Carter, berjaya memaparkan bendera Tibet sebagai protes, mengakibatkan lekukan mereka dari relay tersebut. Upacara penutupan di Justin Herman Plaza dibatalkan kerana terdapat banyak penunjuk perasaan di laman web ini. Running obor berakhir dengan peralihan terakhir melalui daerah Marina San Francisco dan kemudian dipindahkan dengan bas ke Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa San Francisco untuk upacara penutupan sementara di terminal, di mana media bebas dikecualikan. San Jose Mercury News menggambarkan acara \"menipu\" sebagai \"permainan di mana Waldo, bermain melawan landskap sebuah bandar yang indah.\" Presiden Jawatankuasa Sukan Olimpik Antarabangsa, Jacques Rogge berkata penyampaian San Francisco mempunyai \"nasib baik\" mengelakkan banyak gangguan yang merosakkan kakinya di London dan Paris, tetapi \"bukanlah parti yang gembira yang kami inginkan.\" <> Di manakah pelari relay pertama menghilang dengan obor ?? || gudang <> Yang obor-obor yang terikat dengan kerusi roda telah diusir dari relay untuk menunjukkan bendera Tibet? || Andrew Michael <> Apa yang membawa pembawa kerusi roda obor Olimpiade menunjukkan bendera Tibet? || Andrew Michael <> Di mana bahagian terakhir penyalaan obor San Francisco dibawa sebelum menaiki bas? || Marina district <> Di manakah upacara penutupan sementara yang diadakan untuk penyambungan obor di San Francisco? || Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa San Francisco <> Selepas pembawa obor hilang ke dalam gudang, apakah jalan yang muncul kembali? || Van Ness Avenue", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did the first relay runner disappear to with the torch??", "id": "56d8e895dc89441400fdb3c5", "answers": [{"text": "a warehouse", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which wheelchair-bound torchbearer was ejected from the relay for showing a Tibetan flag?", "id": "56d8e895dc89441400fdb3c8", "answers": [{"text": "Andrew Michael", "answer_start": 1037}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What wheelchair-bound bearer of the Olympic torch displayed a Tibetan flag?", "id": "56db2747e7c41114004b4e31", "answers": [{"text": "Andrew Michael", "answer_start": 1037}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the last part of the San Francisco torch relay carried through before getting on a bus?", "id": "56db2747e7c41114004b4e32", "answers": [{"text": "Marina district", "answer_start": 1515}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was a makeshift closing ceremony held for the torch relay in San Francisco?", "id": "56db2747e7c41114004b4e33", "answers": [{"text": "San Francisco International Airport", "answer_start": 1560}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After the bearer of the torch disappeared into a warehouse, what road did the relay reappear on?", "id": "56db2747e7c41114004b4e34", "answers": [{"text": "Van Ness Avenue", "answer_start": 708}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The torch was lit at a park outside at AT&T Park at about 1:17 pm PDT (20:17 UTC), briefly held aloft by American and Chinese Olympic officials. The relay descended into confusion as the first runner in the elaborately planned relay disappeared into a warehouse on a waterfront pier where it stayed for a half-an-hour. There were clashes between thousands of pro-China demonstrators, many of whom said they were bused in by the Chinese Consulate and other pro-China groups, and both pro-Tibet and Darfur protesters. The non-Chinese demonstrators were reported to have been swamped and trailed by angry crowds. Around 2 pm PDT (21:00 UTC), the torch resurfaced about 3 km (1.9 mi) away from the stadium along Van Ness Avenue, a heavily trafficked thoroughfare that was not on official route plans. Television reports showed the flame flanked by motorcycles and uniformed police officers. Two torchbearers carried the flame running slowly behind a truck and surrounded by Olympic security guards. During the torch relay, two torchbearers, Andrew Michael who uses a wheelchair and is the Vice President for Sustainable Development for the Bay Area Council and Director of Partnerships For Change, and an environmental advocate, Majora Carter, managed to display Tibetan flags in protest, resulting in their ejection from the relay. The closing ceremony at Justin Herman Plaza was canceled due to the presence of large numbers of protesters at the site. The torch run ended with a final stretch through San Francisco's Marina district and was then moved by bus to San Francisco International Airport for a makeshift closing ceremony at the terminal, from which the free media was excluded. San Jose Mercury News described the \"deceiving\" event as \"a game of Where's Waldo, played against the landscape of a lovely city.\" International Olympic Committee President Jacques Rogge said the San Francisco relay had \"fortunately\" avoided much of the disruptions that marred the legs in London and Paris, but \"was, however, not the joyous party that we had wished it to be.\""}], ["Amerika Syarikat: leg Amerika Utara yang menyalakan obor berlaku di San Francisco, California pada 9 April. Pada hari pegawai relay mengalihkan obor berjalan ke laluan yang tidak diumumkan. Permulaannya di McCovey Cove, di mana Norman Bellingham dari Jawatankuasa Olimpik A.S. memberikan obor kepada peluncur sulung pertama, perenang juara Olimpik China 1992, Lin Li. Majlis penutupan yang dirancang di Justin Herman Plaza dibatalkan dan sebaliknya, satu majlis diadakan di Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa San Francisco, di mana obor adalah untuk pergi ke Buenos Aires. Perubahan laluan membenarkan larian untuk menghindari sejumlah besar penyokong dan penunjuk perasaan China terhadap China. Sebagai orang yang tahu tidak akan ada upacara penutupan di Justin Herman Plaza, terdapat tindak balas marah. Seorang penunjuk perasaan dipetik sebagai berkata bahawa perubahan laluan adalah satu usaha untuk \"menggagalkan protes yang terancang yang telah dirancang.\" Lembaga Pengawas San Francisco Presiden Aaron Peskin, pengkritik Datuk Bandar Gavin Newsom, mengatakan bahawa ia adalah \"rancangan sinis untuk menyenangkan Jabatan Negara Bush dan kerajaan China kerana pengaruh wang yang luar biasa.\" Sebaliknya, Newsom berkata dia merasakan ia adalah \"kepentingan terbaik semua orang\" dan bahawa dia percaya orang telah \"diberikan hak untuk membantah dan menyokong obor\" meskipun laluan itu berubah. Peter Ueberroth, ketua Jawatankuasa Olimpik A.S., memuji perubahan laluan, berkata, \"Bandar San Francisco, dari perspektif global, akan dipuji.\" Orang yang melihat obor terkejut dan bersorak seperti yang ditunjukkan dari video langsung CBS dan NBC. Kos ke bandar untuk menganjurkan acara itu dilaporkan berjumlah USD $ 726,400, hampir separuh daripadanya telah dipulihkan oleh pengumpulan dana swasta. Datuk Bandar Gavin Newsom berkata kos \"eksponen\" yang dikaitkan dengan penangkapan besar-besaran telah dielakkan oleh keputusannya untuk menukar laluan dengan berunding dengan ketua polis Heather Fong. <> Di manakah obor mula ia laluan Amerika Utara? || San Francisco <> Hari apakah obor tiba di San Francisco? || 9 April <> Apakah nama tukang sulap Amerika Utara yang pertama? || Lin Li <> Laluan akhir telah diubah dari Justin Herman plaza ke apa? || Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa San Francisco <> Siapa ketua Jawatankuasa Olimpik A.S.? || Peter Ueberroth <> Apa bandar di Amerika Syarikat menyelenggarakan geganti Olimpik 2008? || San Francisco <> Apakah tarikh relay di Amerika Syarikat? || 9 April. <> Apa nama orang yang menyerahkan obor kepada pembawa lampu suluh di Amerika Syarikat 2008? || Norman Bellingham <> Apakah nama lokasi di mana acara penghujung geganti dibatalkan? || Justin Herman Plaza", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did the torch start it's North American route?", "id": "56d8e665dc89441400fdb3aa", "answers": [{"text": "San Francisco", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What day did the torch arrive in San Francisco?", "id": "56d8e665dc89441400fdb3ab", "answers": [{"text": "April 9", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the first North American torchbearer?", "id": "56d8e665dc89441400fdb3ac", "answers": [{"text": "Lin Li", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The route end was changed from Justin Herman plaza to what?", "id": "56d8e665dc89441400fdb3ad", "answers": [{"text": "San Francisco International Airport", "answer_start": 470}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the head of the U.S. Olympic Committee?", "id": "56d8e665dc89441400fdb3ae", "answers": [{"text": "Peter Ueberroth", "answer_start": 1330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city in the United States held the 2008 Olympic Torch relay?", "id": "56db205be7c41114004b4dbd", "answers": [{"text": "San Francisco", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the date of the relay in the United States?", "id": "56db205be7c41114004b4dbe", "answers": [{"text": "April 9.", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the person who handed off the torch to the torchbearer in the United States 2008 Olympic relay?", "id": "56db205be7c41114004b4dbf", "answers": [{"text": "Norman Bellingham", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the location where the relay ending event was canceled?", "id": "56db205be7c41114004b4dc0", "answers": [{"text": "Justin Herman Plaza", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": " United States of America: The torch relay's North American leg occurred in San Francisco, California on April 9. On the day of the relay officials diverted the torch run to an unannounced route. The start was at McCovey Cove, where Norman Bellingham of the U.S. Olympic Committee gave the torch to the first torchbearer, Chinese 1992 Olympic champion swimmer Lin Li. The planned closing ceremony at Justin Herman Plaza was cancelled and instead, a ceremony was held at San Francisco International Airport, where the torch was to leave for Buenos Aires. The route changes allowed the run to avoid large numbers of China supporters and protesters against China. As people found out there would be no closing ceremony at Justin Herman Plaza, there were angry reactions. One demonstrator was quoted as saying that the route changes were an effort to \"thwart any organized protest that had been planned.\" San Francisco Board of Supervisors President Aaron Peskin, a critic of Mayor Gavin Newsom, said that it was a \"cynical plan to please the Bush State Department and the Chinese government because of the incredible influence of money.\" Newsom, on the other hand, said he felt it was in \"everyone's best interest\" and that he believed people had been \"afforded the right to protest and support the torch\" despite the route changes. Peter Ueberroth, head of the U.S. Olympic Committee, praised the route changes, saying, \"The city of San Francisco, from a global perspective, will be applauded.\" People who saw the torch were surprised and cheered as shown from live video of CBS and NBC. The cost to the city for hosting the event was reported to be USD $726,400, nearly half of which has been recovered by private fundraising. Mayor Gavin Newsom said that \"exponential\" costs associated with mass arrests were avoided by his decision to change the route in consultation with police chief Heather Fong."}], ["Kesultanan Oman: Muscat adalah satu-satunya hentian obor di Timur Tengah, pada 14 April. Penyambungan itu meliputi 20 km. Tiada protes atau insiden dilaporkan. Salah seorang penembak suluh adalah pelakon Syiah Sulaf Fawakherji. <> Lokasi Timur Tengah yang mana satu-satunya kawasan obor yang dilawati? || Muscat <> Bilakah obor tiba di Muscat? || 14 April <> Pelakon manakah yang membawa obor untuk sebahagian laluan? || Sulaf Fawakherji <> Di mana satu-satunya tempat obor Olimpik dibawa ke Timur Tengah? || Muscat <> Seberapa jauh laluan relay di kilometer di Timur Tengah? || 20 <> Apa nama pelakon Syiah yang menanggung obor itu? || Sulaf Fawakherji.", {"qas": [{"question": "Which Middle East location was the only area the torch visited?", "id": "56d9670fdc89441400fdb3f6", "answers": [{"text": "Muscat", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the torch arrive in Muscat?", "id": "56d9670fdc89441400fdb3f8", "answers": [{"text": "April 14", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which actress carried the torch for part of the route?", "id": "56d9670fdc89441400fdb3f9", "answers": [{"text": "Sulaf Fawakherji", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the only place the Olympic torch was carried in the Middle East?", "id": "56db2ce6e7c41114004b4ebf", "answers": [{"text": "Muscat", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How far was the relay route in kilometers in the Middle East?", "id": "56db2ce6e7c41114004b4ec0", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the Syrian actress who was one to bear the torch?", "id": "56db2ce6e7c41114004b4ec1", "answers": [{"text": "Sulaf Fawakherji.", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\n Sultanate of Oman: Muscat was the torch's only stop in the Middle East, on April 14. The relay covered 20 km. No protests or incidents were reported. One of the torchbearers was Syrian actress Sulaf Fawakherji."}], ["Aktivis sosial India yang terkenal dan pegawai Perkhidmatan Polis India (IPS) yang bersara Kiran Bedi enggan berpisah dengan mengatakan \"dia tidak mahu berlari dalam acara itu sebagai 'wanita sangkar'.\" Pada 15 April, pelakon Bollywood, Soha Ali Khan menarik diri dari penyampai obor Olimpik, memetik \"sebab peribadi yang sangat kuat\". Pada 16 April, sebuah protes telah dianjurkan di Delhi \"terhadap penindasan China di Tibet\", dan dipecahkan oleh polis. <> Siapa yang tidak mahu menyertai relay sebagai 'wanita sangkar'? || Kiran Bedi <> Di manakah Bedi bersara? || Perkhidmatan Polis India <> Pelakon manakah yang memutuskan untuk tidak mengambil bahagian pada 15 April? || Soha Ali Khan <> Bilakah protes di Delhi berlaku untuk membantah penindasan China di Tibet? || 16 April <> Apa yang bersara pegawai polis enggan membawa obor di India? || Kiran Bedi <> Apa aktris yang menghilangkan dirinya daripada penyertaan dalam penyampai? || Soha Ali Khan <> Di manakah protes yang dianjurkan mengenai penyampaian Olimpik di India? || Delhi <> Yang membubarkan protes di Delhi? || polis. <> Pegawai polis bersara itu berkata dia tidak akan berjalan seperti apa? || wanita sangkar", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did not want to participate in the relay as 'caged woman'?", "id": "56d96a31dc89441400fdb420", "answers": [{"text": "Kiran Bedi", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Bedi retired from?", "id": "56d96a31dc89441400fdb421", "answers": [{"text": "Indian Police Service", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which actress decided to not participate on April 15?", "id": "56d96a31dc89441400fdb422", "answers": [{"text": "Soha Ali Khan", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did a protest in Delhi occur to protest against Chinese repression in Tibet?", "id": "56d96a31dc89441400fdb423", "answers": [{"text": "April 16", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What retired police officer refused to carry the torch in India?", "id": "56db3337e7c41114004b4f31", "answers": [{"text": "Kiran Bedi", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What actress removed herself from participation in the relay?", "id": "56db3337e7c41114004b4f32", "answers": [{"text": "Soha Ali Khan", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was a protest organized about the Olympic relay in India?", "id": "56db3337e7c41114004b4f33", "answers": [{"text": "Delhi", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who disbanded the protest in Delhi?", "id": "56db3337e7c41114004b4f34", "answers": [{"text": "police.", "answer_start": 414}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The retired police officer said she would not run as what?", "id": "56db3337e7c41114004b4f35", "answers": [{"text": "caged woman", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The noted Indian social activist and a retired Indian Police Service (IPS) officer Kiran Bedi refused to participate saying \"she doesn\u2019t want to run in the event as \u2018caged woman\u2019.\" On April 15, Bollywood actress Soha Ali Khan pulled out of the Olympic torch relay, citing \u201cvery strong personal reasons\u201d. On April 16, a protest was organised in Delhi \"against Chinese repression in Tibet\", and was broken up by the police."}], ["India menolak tuntutan China bahawa laluan obor menjadi jelas dari masyarakat India yang kehilangan 150,000 orang kuat Tibet, yang mana mereka memerlukan pengharaman jemaah berhampiran laluan 3 km yang dikurangkan. Sebagai tindak balas pegawai India mengatakan India adalah demokrasi, dan \"larangan borong terhadap demonstrasi tidak dapat dipertikaikan\". Bertentangan dengan beberapa laporan lain, pegawai India juga menolak kebenaran untuk \"Unit Perlindungan Flame Olimpik Olimpik\". Kesan gabungan adalah \"kemerosotan pesat\" hubungan antara India dan China. Sementara itu, kerajaan Tibet dalam buangan, yang berpusat di India, telah menyatakan bahawa ia tidak menyokong gangguan relay obor Olimpik. <> Berapa ramai orang yang terdiri daripada komuniti buangan Tibet? || 150,000 <> India menolak permintaan China agar komuniti buangan Tibet dielakkan kerana mereka berkata India adalah apa? || demokrasi <> Di mana kerajaan Tibet yang diasingkan? || India <> Berapa ramai orang Tibet yang dikatakan di India? || 150,000 <> Larangan borong pada apa yang ditolak? || protes <> Apa kumpulan Olimpik ditolak oleh India? || Olimpik Unit Perlindungan Flame Olimpik <> Apa yang merosot antara India dan China? || hubungan <> Siapa kata mereka tidak menyokong gangguan geganti? || kerajaan Tibet dalam buangan", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people comprised the Tibetan exile community?", "id": "56d969badc89441400fdb418", "answers": [{"text": "150,000", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "India refused China's request that the Tibetan exile community be avoided because they said India is what?", "id": "56d969badc89441400fdb419", "answers": [{"text": "a democracy", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the exiled Tibetan government?", "id": "56d969badc89441400fdb41a", "answers": [{"text": "India", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Tibetan exiles are said to be in India?", "id": "56db3241e7c41114004b4f27", "answers": [{"text": "150,000", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A wholesale ban on what was denied?", "id": "56db3241e7c41114004b4f28", "answers": [{"text": "protests", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Olympic group was denied by India?", "id": "56db3241e7c41114004b4f29", "answers": [{"text": "Olympic Holy Flame Protection Unit", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What deteriorated between India and China?", "id": "56db3241e7c41114004b4f2a", "answers": [{"text": "relations", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said they did not support relay interruptions?", "id": "56db3241e7c41114004b4f2b", "answers": [{"text": "the Tibetan government in exile", "answer_start": 520}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "India rejected Chinese demands that the torch route be clear of India's 150,000-strong Tibetan exile community, by which they required a ban on congregation near the curtailed 3 km route. In response Indian officials said India was a democracy, and \"a wholesale ban on protests was out of the question\". Contradicting some other reports, Indian officials also refused permission to the \"Olympic Holy Flame Protection Unit\". The combined effect is a \"rapid deterioration\" of relations between India and China. Meanwhile, the Tibetan government in exile, which is based in India, has stated that it did not support the disruption of the Olympic torch relay."}], ["Hanya beberapa hari sebelum penyokong Falun Gong menyaksikan demonstrasi di hadapan kedutaan China di ibu negara Malaysia. Sebanyak 1,000 anggota dari unit khas polis dijangka akan ditempatkan pada hari relay tersebut. Keluarga Jepun dengan kewarganegaraan Malaysia dan anak mereka yang berumur 5 tahun yang membentangkan bendera Tibet dilanda sekumpulan warga China dengan tongkat plastik yang dipenuhi udara dan terkena kerumunan rakyat China semasa konfrontasi di Dataran Kemerdekaan di mana penyampai bermula, dan kumpulan Cina menjerit: \"Taiwan dan Tibet milik China.\" Kemudian pada siang hari, sukarelawan Cina memaksa pelekat dari dua rakyat Malaysia lain yang membantah di relay tersebut. Salah satu daripada rakyat Malaysia yang membantah itu terkena kepala. <> Yang penyokong yang membantah berhampiran kedutaan China di Malaysia? || Falun Gong <> Penyokong apa yang ditunjukkan di kedutaan China di Malaysia? || Falun Gong <> Apakah keluarga Jepun yang melancarkan bendera Tibet dengan? || tongkat plastik yang dipenuhi udara <> Apa yang dikatakan kumpulan Cina itu? || Taiwan dan Tibet milik China. <> Apa yang diambil oleh sukarelawan dari dua penunjuk perasaan di Malaysia? || pelekat", {"qas": [{"question": "Which supporters protested near the Chinese embassy in Malaysia?", "id": "56d96bdbdc89441400fdb43a", "answers": [{"text": "Falun Gong", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Supporters of what demonstrated at the Chinese embassy in Malaysia?", "id": "56db3639e7c41114004b4f4f", "answers": [{"text": "Falun Gong", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were a Japanese family who unveiled a Tibetan flag hit with?", "id": "56db3639e7c41114004b4f50", "answers": [{"text": "plastic air-filled batons", "answer_start": 379}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Chinese group yell?", "id": "56db3639e7c41114004b4f51", "answers": [{"text": "Taiwan and Tibet belong to China.", "answer_start": 551}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Chinese volunteers take from two Malaysian demonstrators?", "id": "56db3639e7c41114004b4f53", "answers": [{"text": "placards", "answer_start": 652}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Just days before the relay supporters of Falun Gong demonstrated in front of the Chinese embassy in the Malaysian capital. As many as 1,000 personnel from the special police unit were expected to be deployed on the day of the relay. A Japanese family with Malaysian citizenship and their 5-year-old child who unfurled a Tibetan flag were hit by a group of Chinese nationals with plastic air-filled batons and heckled by a crowd of Chinese citizens during the confrontation at Independence Square where the relay began, and the Chinese group shouted: \"Taiwan and Tibet belong to China.\" Later during the day, the Chinese volunteers forcefully took away placards from two other Malaysians protesting at the relay. One of the protesting Malaysian was hit in the head."}], ["Malaysia: Acara itu diadakan di ibu kota, Kuala Lumpur, pada 21 April. Perjalanan panjang 16.5 km bermula dari Dataran Kemerdekaan bersejarah, diluluskan di hadapan beberapa mercu tanda bandar sebelum berakhir di Menara Berkembar Petronas yang ikonik. Di antara mercu tanda api Olimpik yang berlalu di sebelah Rumah Parlimen, Masjid Negara, Menara KL dan Stadium Merdeka. Satu pasukan yang terdiri daripada 1000 anggota dari Pasukan Tindakan Khas Polis Malaysia mengawal acara itu dan mengiringi para pemburu obor. Kali terakhir penyambungan obor Olimpik diadakan di Malaysia adalah edisi 1964 Tokyo. <> Bilakah obor melawat Malaysia? || 21 April <> Apakah ibu kota Malaysia? || Kuala Lumpur <> Di manakah laluan bermula di Malaysia? || Kemerdekaan Square <> Sebelum perlawanan 2008, ketika Malaysia terakhir melihat penyampai obor Olimpiade? || 1964 <> Apakah lokasi permulaan geganti di Malaysia? || Dataran Kemerdekaan <> Di manakah akhir relay di Malaysia? || Menara Berkembar Petronas. <> Tahun apakah peristiwa relay obor terakhir di Malaysia? || 1964 <> Berapa banyak Polis Khas yang melindungi peristiwa geganti? || 1000", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the torch visit Malaysia?", "id": "56d96b3edc89441400fdb430", "answers": [{"text": "April 21", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the capital city of Malaysia?", "id": "56d96b3edc89441400fdb431", "answers": [{"text": "Kuala Lumpur", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the route begin in Malaysia?", "id": "56d96b3edc89441400fdb433", "answers": [{"text": "Independence Square", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Prior to the 2008 games, when did Malaysia last see an Olympic torch relay?", "id": "56d96b3edc89441400fdb434", "answers": [{"text": "1964", "answer_start": 563}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the location of the start of the relay in Malaysia?", "id": "56db3546e7c41114004b4f46", "answers": [{"text": "Independence Square", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the relay end in Malaysia?", "id": "56db3546e7c41114004b4f47", "answers": [{"text": "Petronas Twin Towers.", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the last torch relay event in Malaysia?", "id": "56db3546e7c41114004b4f48", "answers": [{"text": "1964", "answer_start": 563}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Special Police protected the relay event?", "id": "56db3546e7c41114004b4f49", "answers": [{"text": "1000", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\n Malaysia: The event was held in the capital city, Kuala Lumpur, on April 21. The 16.5 km long-relay began from the historic Independence Square, passed in front of several city landmarks before coming to an end at the iconic Petronas Twin Towers. Among the landmarks the Olympic flame passed next to were the Parliament House, National Mosque, KL Tower and Merdeka Stadium. A team of 1000 personnel from the Malaysian police Special Action Squad guarded the event and escorted the torchbearers. The last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia was the 1964 Tokyo edition."}], ["Pakistan: Obor Olimpiade tiba di Islamabad buat kali pertama pada 16 April. Presiden Pervez Musharraf dan Perdana Menteri Yousaf Raza Gillani bercakap pada upacara perasmian relay tersebut. Keselamatan adalah tinggi, kerana apa yang disebut satu akhbar \"leg yang paling sensitif\" dalam perjalanan Olimpik obor. Relay itu pada mulanya sepatutnya membawa obor di sekitar Islamabad, tetapi keseluruhan geganti dibatalkan kerana kebimbangan keselamatan mengenai \"ancaman militan atau protes anti-China\", dan digantikan oleh majlis dalaman dengan obor yang dibawa di sekitar trek Stadium Jinnah. Dalam ketakutan terhadap protes ganas dan serangan bom, penyampai obor di Pakistan berlaku di stadium di belakang pintu tertutup. Walaupun geganti itu berada di belakang pintu tertutup, beribu-ribu anggota polis dan tentera menjaga api. Akibatnya, tiada insiden yang timbul. <> Bilakah obor tiba di Islamabad? || 16 April <> Di mana majlis dalaman yang diadakan sejak penyambungan luaran dibatalkan? || Stadium Jinnah <> Yang bercakap pada upacara pembukaan di Islamabad selain Presiden Musharraf? || Perdana Menteri Yousaf Raza Gillani <> Di mana penyambutan obor Olimpik bermula di Pakistan? || Islamabad <> Daripada relay tradisi, di manakah trek obor dibawa di Pakistan? || Stadium Jinnah.", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the torch arrive in Islamabad?", "id": "56d967bbdc89441400fdb3fe", "answers": [{"text": "April 16", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was an indoor ceremony held since the outdoor relay was cancelled?", "id": "56d967bbdc89441400fdb401", "answers": [{"text": "Jinnah Stadium", "answer_start": 563}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who spoke at the opening ceremony in Islamabad in addition to President Musharraf?", "id": "56d967bbdc89441400fdb402", "answers": [{"text": "Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Olympic torch relay start in Pakistan?", "id": "56db2d05e7c41114004b4ec5", "answers": [{"text": "Islamabad", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Instead of a traditinal relay, where was the track the torch was carried in Pakistan?", "id": "56db2e27e7c41114004b4ee7", "answers": [{"text": "Jinnah Stadium.", "answer_start": 563}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\n Pakistan: The Olympic torch reached Islamabad for the first time ever on April 16. President Pervez Musharraf and Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani spoke at the opening ceremony of the relay. Security was high, for what one newspaper called the \"most sensitive leg\" of the torch's Olympic journey. The relay was initially supposed to carry the torch around Islamabad, but the entire relay was cancelled due to security concerns regarding \"militant threats or anti-China protests\", and replaced by an indoors ceremony with the torch carried around the track of Jinnah Stadium. In fear of violent protests and bomb attacks, the torch relay in Pakistan took place in a stadium behind closed doors. Although the relay was behind closed doors, thousands of policemen and soldiers guarded the flame. As a consequence, no incidents arose."}], ["Tanzania: Dar es Salaam adalah satu-satunya hentian obor di Afrika, pada 13 April. Penyambungan itu bermula di terminal besar Kereta Api TAZARA, yang merupakan projek bantuan asing terbesar China pada tahun 1970-an, dan diteruskan selama 5 km melalui bandar lama Stadium Nasional Benjamin Mkapa di Temeke, yang dibina dengan bantuan Cina pada tahun 2005. Obor itu dinyalakan oleh Naib Presiden Ali Mohamed Shein. Kira-kira seribu orang mengikuti relay itu, melambai bendera Olimpik. Satu-satunya contoh protes itu ialah penarikan Hadiah Nobel Keamanan Nobel, Wangari Maathai dari senarai pembawa obor, dalam protes terhadap pelanggaran hak asasi manusia di Tibet. <> Di manakah destinasi hanya Afrika untuk obor? || Dar es Salaam <> Bilakah obor tiba di Dar es Salaam? || 13 April <> Di mana laluan bermula untuk obor di Dar es Salaam? || Kereta Api TAZARA <> Di manakah tempat bersendirian penyambungan itu diadakan di Afrika? || Dar es Salaam <> Apakah nama keretapi di mana penyisiran obor Olimpik bermula di Afrika? || TAZARA <> Dimana relay ditamatkan di Afrika? || Stadium Nasional Benjamin Mkapa <> Negara apa yang dibayar untuk stadium melalui bantuan wang? || China <> Siapakah obor di Afrika? || Naib Presiden Ali Mohamed Shein.", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was the only African destination for the torch?", "id": "56d966bbdc89441400fdb3ec", "answers": [{"text": "Dar es Salaam", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the torch arrive in Dar es Salaam?", "id": "56d966bbdc89441400fdb3ed", "answers": [{"text": "April 13", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the route start for the torch in Dar es Salaam?", "id": "56d966bbdc89441400fdb3ee", "answers": [{"text": "the TAZARA Railway", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the solitary place the relay was held in Africa?", "id": "56db2c84e7c41114004b4ea7", "answers": [{"text": "Dar es Salaam", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the railway where the Olympic torch relay began in Africa?", "id": "56db2c84e7c41114004b4ea8", "answers": [{"text": "TAZARA", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the relay terminate in Africa?", "id": "56db2c84e7c41114004b4ea9", "answers": [{"text": "Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country paid for the stadium through aid money?", "id": "56db2c84e7c41114004b4eaa", "answers": [{"text": "China", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who it the torch in Africa?", "id": "56db2c84e7c41114004b4eab", "answers": [{"text": "Vice-President Ali Mohamed Shein.", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": " Tanzania: Dar es Salaam was the torch's only stop in Africa, on April 13. The relay began at the grand terminal of the TAZARA Railway, which was China's largest foreign aid project of the 1970s, and continued for 5 km through the old city to the Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium in Temeke, which was built with Chinese aid in 2005. The torch was lit by Vice-President Ali Mohamed Shein. About a thousand people followed the relay, waving the Olympic flag. The only noted instance of protest was Nobel Peace Prize laureate Wangari Maathai's withdrawal from the list of torchbearers, in protest against human rights abuses in Tibet."}], ["Berhati-hati dengan protes, pihak berkuasa India telah memutuskan untuk memendekkan laluan relay di New Delhi, dan telah memberikannya keselamatan yang biasanya dikaitkan dengan perayaan Hari Republik, yang dianggap sebagai sasaran pengganas. Ekspektasi perisikan Cina mengenai titik-titik relay yang akan menjadi 'terdedah' kepada para penunjuk perasaan telah dikemukakan kepada Duta Besar India ke Beijing, Nirupama Sen. Media India menanggapi dengan marah kepada berita bahawa duta besar, diplomat wanita yang terkenal, dipanggil Kementerian Luar pada pukul 2 pagi waktu tempatan; berita itu kemudiannya ditolak oleh sumber-sumber tanpa nama di Delhi. Media India melaporkan bahawa Menteri Perdagangan India, Kamal Nath, membatalkan lawatan rasmi ke Beijing sebagai bantahan, walaupun kedua sumber Nath dan China telah menafikannya. <> Keselamatan yang diberikan kepada penyampai obor di New Delhi mengingatkan keselamatan apa? || Sambutan Hari Republik <> Orang Cina menyampaikan senarai lokasi geganti yang terdedah kepada siapa? || Nirupama Sen. <Siapa yang sepatutnya membatalkan perjalanan ke Beijing dalam protes? || Menteri Perdagangan India <> Yang dikatakan telah membatalkan perjalanan rasmi ke China sebagai protes? || Kamal Nath <> Pada masa mana di tengah malam itu diplomat dipanggil? || 2 pagi <> Penyiaran Olimpik mempunyai langkah berjaga-jaga keselamatan yang sama seperti hari istimewa lain? || Hari Republik <> Apa jenis sasaran yang berlaku pada acara Hari Republik? || sasaran pengganas.", {"qas": [{"question": "The security given to the torch relay in New Delhi is reminiscent of the security of what?", "id": "56d96901dc89441400fdb412", "answers": [{"text": "Republic Day celebrations", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Chinese presented a list of vulnerable relay locations to who?", "id": "56d96901dc89441400fdb413", "answers": [{"text": "Nirupama Sen.", "answer_start": 396}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who supposedly cancelled a trip to Beijing in protest?", "id": "56d96901dc89441400fdb414", "answers": [{"text": "India's Commerce Minister", "answer_start": 654}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was said to have canceled an official trip to China in protest?", "id": "56db30ebe7c41114004b4f03", "answers": [{"text": "Kamal Nath", "answer_start": 681}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what time in the middle of the night was the diplomat summoned?", "id": "56db30ebe7c41114004b4f04", "answers": [{"text": "2 am", "answer_start": 549}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Olympic relay had the same security precautions taken as what other special day?", "id": "56db30ebe7c41114004b4f05", "answers": [{"text": "Republic Day", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of targets do Republic Day events present as?", "id": "56db30ebe7c41114004b4f06", "answers": [{"text": "terrorist targets.", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Wary of protests, the Indian authorities have decided to shorten the route of the relay in New Delhi, and have given it the security normally associated with Republic Day celebrations, which are considered terrorist targets. Chinese intelligence's expectations of points on the relay route that would be particularly 'vulnerable' to protesters were presented to the Indian ambassador to Beijing, Nirupama Sen. The Indian media responded angrily to the news that the ambassador, a distinguished lady diplomat, was summoned to the Foreign Ministry at 2 am local time; the news was later denied by anonymous sources in Delhi. The Indian media reported that India's Commerce Minister, Kamal Nath, cancelled an official trip to Beijing in protest, though both Nath and Chinese sources have denied it."}], ["Thailand: 18 April menyampaikan melalui Bangkok adalah lawatan pertama ke Olimpik api ke Thailand. Relay yang diliputi lebih kurang 10 km, dan termasuk Chinatown di Bangkok. Obor itu dibawa melewati Monumen Demokrasi, Istana Chitralada dan beberapa mercu tanda bandar yang lain. M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse, pengerusi Yayasan Dunia Hijau (GWF), menarik diri dari upacara berlari obor, yang memprotes tindakan China di Tibet. Beberapa ratus penunjuk perasaan hadir bersama penyokong Olimpik. Pihak berkuasa Thailand mengancam untuk menahan penunjuk perasaan asing dan melarang mereka dari masuk ke Thailand. Gabungan kumpulan hak asasi manusia Thailand mengumumkan bahawa ia akan mengadakan \"demonstrasi kecil\" semasa penyampai, dan beberapa ratus orang memang mengambil bahagian dalam protes, yang dihadapi penyokong Beijing. Pembawa obor yang digambarkan Ibu Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse memboikot penyampai itu, untuk membantah tindakan China di Tibet. Di Bangkok, pelajar memberitahu media bahawa Kedutaan Besar China memberi mereka pengangkutan dan memberi mereka baju untuk dipakai. <> Bilakah obor Olimpik sampai ke Bangkok? || 18 April <> Siapakah pengerusi Yayasan Dunia Hijau yang enggan berpartisipasi dalam relay itu? || M. Narisa Chakrabongse <> Media diberitahu bahawa orang Cina dibekalkan dengan baju dan pengangkutan? || pelajar <> Bilakah obor masuk melalui Bankok? || 18 April <> Laluan relay sedikit lebih dari berapa kilometer? || 10 <> Siapa yang diberitahu mereka akan diharamkan daripada masuk ke Thailand? || penunjuk perasaan asing <> Apa pembawa yang dijadualkan untuk memboikot obor? || Ibu Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Olympic torch reach Bangkok?", "id": "56d96ab0dc89441400fdb428", "answers": [{"text": "April 18", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the Green World Foundation chairwoman who refused to participate in the relay?", "id": "56d96ab0dc89441400fdb42a", "answers": [{"text": "M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The media was told that the Chinese supplied with shirts and transportation?", "id": "56d96ab0dc89441400fdb42b", "answers": [{"text": "students", "answer_start": 937}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the torch go through Bankok?", "id": "56db3449e7c41114004b4f3b", "answers": [{"text": "April 18", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The relay route was a little over how many kilometers?", "id": "56db3449e7c41114004b4f3c", "answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were told they would be banned from reentering Thailand?", "id": "56db3449e7c41114004b4f3e", "answers": [{"text": "foreign protesters", "answer_start": 532}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What scheduled bearer of the torch boycotted?", "id": "56db3449e7c41114004b4f3f", "answers": [{"text": "Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse", "answer_start": 821}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\n Thailand: The April 18 relay through Bangkok was the Olympic flame's first visit to Thailand. The relay covered just over 10 km, and included Bangkok's Chinatown. The torch was carried past Democracy Monument, Chitralada Palace and a number of other city landmarks. M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse, Green World Foundation (GWF) chairwoman, withdrew from the torch-running ceremony, protesting against China's actions in Tibet. Several hundred protesters were present, along with Olympic supporters. Thai authorities threatened to arrest foreign protesters and ban them from future entry into Thailand. A coalition of Thai human rights groups announced that it would organise a \"small demonstration\" during the relay, and several hundred people did indeed take part in protests, facing Beijing supporters. Intended torchbearer Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse boycotted the relay, to protest against China's actions in Tibet. In Bangkok, students told the media that the Chinese Embassy provided them with transportation and gave them shirts to wear."}], ["India: Kerana kebimbangan mengenai protes pro-Tibet, relay melalui New Delhi pada 17 April dipotong hingga 2.3 km (kurang daripada 1.5 batu), yang dikongsi di antara 70 pelari. Ia berakhir di Gate India. Acara itu adalah aman kerana orang ramai tidak dibenarkan di relay itu. Sejumlah lima penembak tonggak yang dicadangkan - Kiran Bedi, Soha Ali Khan, Sachin Tendulkar, Bhaichung Bhutia dan Sunil Gavaskar - menarik diri dari acara itu, dengan menyebut \"sebab peribadi\", atau, dalam kes Bhutia, secara jelas ingin \"berdiri oleh rakyat Tibet dan perjuangan mereka \"dan bantahan terhadap tindakan keras\" RRC \"di Tibet. Kapten bola sepak kebangsaan India, Baichung Bhutia enggan mengambil bahagian dalam penyiaran obor India, memetik kebimbangan mengenai Tibet. Bhutia, yang adalah Sikkim, adalah atlet pertama yang menolak untuk berlari dengan obor. Bintang filem India Aamir Khan menyatakan di blognya sendiri bahawa \"Sukan Olimpik bukan milik China\" dan mengesahkan mengambil bahagian dalam penyampai obor \"dengan doa di hatinya untuk rakyat Tibet, dan ... untuk semua orang menyeberang dunia yang menjadi mangsa pelanggaran hak asasi manusia \". Rahul Gandhi, anak kepada Presiden Kongres Sonia Gandhi dan keluarga Nehru-Gandhi, juga enggan membawa obor. <> Bilakah obor melawat New Delhi? || 17 April <> Berapa ramai pelari yang membawa obor di New Delhi? || 70 <> Kapten bola sepak mana yang tidak menyertai relay untuk menunjukkan sokongan untuk Tibet? || Baichung Bhutia <> Berapa banyak penunjuk lampu tidak menyertai kerana kebimbangan mereka terhadap Tibet? || lima <> Di manakah penyalaan obor berlaku di India? || New Delhi <> Berapa lama laluan di India dalam batu? || 1.5 <> Berapa banyak pemegang obor digunakan di India? || 70 <> Berapa banyak pembawa memutuskan untuk tidak mengambil bahagian? || lima <> Apa nama pemain bola sepak yang enggan menjadi sebahagian daripada penyampai? || Baichung Bhutia", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the torch visit New Delhi?", "id": "56d96856dc89441400fdb408", "answers": [{"text": "April 17", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many runners carried the torch in New Delhi?", "id": "56d96856dc89441400fdb40a", "answers": [{"text": "70", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which football captain did not participate in the relay to show support for Tibet?", "id": "56d96856dc89441400fdb40b", "answers": [{"text": "Baichung Bhutia", "answer_start": 630}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many torchbearers did not participate because of their concerns with Tibet?", "id": "56d96856dc89441400fdb40c", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the torch relay happen in India?", "id": "56db2f9be7c41114004b4ef9", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long was the route in India in miles?", "id": "56db2f9be7c41114004b4efa", "answers": [{"text": "1.5", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many bearers of the torch were used in India?", "id": "56db2f9be7c41114004b4efb", "answers": [{"text": "70", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many bearers decided not to participate?", "id": "56db2f9be7c41114004b4efc", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the footballer who refused to be a part of the relay?", "id": "56db2f9be7c41114004b4efd", "answers": [{"text": "Baichung Bhutia", "answer_start": 630}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\n India: Due to concerns about pro-Tibet protests, the relay through New Delhi on April 17 was cut to just 2.3 km (less than 1.5 miles), which was shared amongst 70 runners. It concluded at the India Gate. The event was peaceful due to the public not being allowed at the relay. A total of five intended torchbearers -Kiran Bedi, Soha Ali Khan, Sachin Tendulkar, Bhaichung Bhutia and Sunil Gavaskar- withdrew from the event, citing \"personal reasons\", or, in Bhutia's case, explicitly wishing to \"stand by the people of Tibet and their struggle\" and protest against the PRC \"crackdown\" in Tibet. Indian national football captain, Baichung Bhutia refused to take part in the Indian leg of the torch relay, citing concerns over Tibet. Bhutia, who is Sikkimese, is the first athlete to refuse to run with the torch. Indian film star Aamir Khan states on his personal blog that the \"Olympic Games do not belong to China\" and confirms taking part in the torch relay \"with a prayer in his heart for the people of Tibet, and ... for all people across the world who are victims of human rights violations\". Rahul Gandhi, son of the Congress President Sonia Gandhi and scion of the Nehru-Gandhi family, also refused to carry the torch."}], ["Lin Hatfield Dodds yang ditujukan untuk menarik diri dari acara tersebut, menjelaskan bahawa dia ingin menyatakan kebimbangan mengenai rekod hak asasi manusia China. Menteri Luar Stephen Smith berkata keputusannya adalah \"contoh yang sangat baik untuk membuat sesuatu yang aman\". <> Siapa yang menarik diri sebagai pembantunya kerana kebimbangannya tentang hak asasi manusia? || Lin Hatfield Dodds <> Siapa kata penarikan Dodds adalah contoh yang baik untuk memprotes secara damai? || Menteri Luar Negeri Stephen Smith <> Siapa yang menarik diri dari acara obor? || Lin Hatfield Dodds <> Siapa menteri luar negeri yang mengatakan keputusannya adalah contoh yang baik untuk membuat satu titik yang aman? || Stephen Smith", {"qas": [{"question": "Who withdrew as a torchbearer because of her concerns about human rights?", "id": "56d96ec6dc89441400fdb45e", "answers": [{"text": "Lin Hatfield Dodds", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said Dodds' withdrawal was a good example of peacefully protesting?", "id": "56d96ec6dc89441400fdb45f", "answers": [{"text": "Foreign Minister Stephen Smith", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who withdrew from the torch event?", "id": "56db6be6e7c41114004b50d1", "answers": [{"text": "Lin Hatfield Dodds", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the foreign minister that said her decision was a good example of peacefully making a point?", "id": "56db6be6e7c41114004b50d3", "answers": [{"text": "Stephen Smith", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Intended torchbearer Lin Hatfield Dodds withdrew from the event, explaining that she wished to express concern about China's human rights record. Foreign Minister Stephen Smith said her decision was \"a very good example of peacefully making a point\"."}], ["Indonesia: Api api Olimpiade tiba di Jakarta pada 22 April. Penerbangan 20 km asal melalui Jakarta dibatalkan kerana \"kebimbangan keselamatan\", atas permintaan kedutaan China, dan obor itu dibawa ke stadium utama kota, kerana ia telah berada di Islamabad. Beberapa penyokong pro-Tibet berkumpul berhampiran stadium, dan disebarkan oleh polis. Acara itu diadakan di jalan-jalan sekitar stadium utama bandar. Pembatalan relay melalui bandar itu sendiri telah diputuskan kerana kebimbangan keselamatan dan atas permintaan kedutaan China. Hanya jemputan dan wartawan yang dimasukkan ke dalam stadium. Protes berlaku di luar stadium. <> Bilakah obor Olimpik melawat Jakarta? || 22 April <> Siapa yang meminta laluan asal dibatalkan? || Kedutaan Cina <> Bersama dengan orang yang dijemput, yang satu-satunya orang yang dibenarkan di stadium? || wartawan <> Di manakah relay obor bermula di Indonesia? || Jakarta <> Berapa kilometer jalan yang dirancang yang dibatalkan? || 20 <> Mengapa laluan pertama tidak diambil? || kebimbangan keselamatan <> Apa jenis kemudahan yang dibawanya oleh obor. || stadium. <> Di manakah protes berlaku apabila bukan satu-satunya kecuali tetamu undangan dan akhbar dibenarkan di dalam stadium? || di luar stadium.", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Olympic torch visit Jakarta?", "id": "56d96c56dc89441400fdb440", "answers": [{"text": "April 22", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who requested that the original route be cancelled?", "id": "56d96c56dc89441400fdb443", "answers": [{"text": "the Chinese embassy", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with invited people, who were the only other people allowed in the stadium?", "id": "56d96c56dc89441400fdb444", "answers": [{"text": "journalists", "answer_start": 587}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the torch relay begin in Indonesia?", "id": "56db36f7e7c41114004b4f59", "answers": [{"text": "Jakarta", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many kilometers was the planned route that was cancelled?", "id": "56db36f7e7c41114004b4f5a", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why was the first route not taken?", "id": "56db36f7e7c41114004b4f5b", "answers": [{"text": "security worries", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of facility was the torch carried at instead.", "id": "56db36f7e7c41114004b4f5c", "answers": [{"text": "stadium.", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did protests occur when non one except invited guests and the press were allowed inside the stadium?", "id": "56db36f7e7c41114004b4f5d", "answers": [{"text": "outside the stadium.", "answer_start": 653}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\n Indonesia: The Olympic flame reached Jakarta on April 22. The original 20 km relay through Jakarta was cancelled due to \"security worries\", at the request of the Chinese embassy, and the torch was instead carried round the city main's stadium, as it had been in Islamabad. Several dozen pro-Tibet protesters gathered near the stadium, and were dispersed by the police. The event was held in the streets around the city main's stadium. The cancelling of the relay through the city itself was decided due to security concerns and at the request of the Chinese embassy. Only invitees and journalists were admitted inside the stadium. Protests took place outside the stadium."}], ["Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu dan agensi anaknya UNICEF menarik balik kakitangan mereka, dengan mengatakan bahawa ia tidak pasti acara itu akan membantu misinya meningkatkan kesadaran tentang keadaan kanak-kanak dan di tengah-tengah kebimbangan bahawa relay itu akan digunakan sebagai aksi propaganda. \"Tidak dapat disangkal,\" kata seorang pegawai PBB yang diberi taklimat tentang hujah-hujah tersebut. Korea Utara sering disenaraikan di kalangan pesalah terburuk di dunia terhadap hak asasi manusia. <> Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu dan UNICEF merasakan relay itu boleh digunakan sebagai apa? || aksi propaganda. <> Korea Utara sering disenaraikan di kalangan pelanggar yang paling teruk di dunia dalam hal berkaitan? || terhadap hak asasi manusia. <> Apakah agensi kanak-kanak Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu? || UNICEF <> Kedua-dua organisasi menarik balik apa? || kakitangan mereka <> Apakah misi organisasi? || meningkatkan kesedaran tentang syarat-syarat untuk kanak-kanak <> Siapa yang sering disenaraikan di kalangan pesalah terburuk di dunia ketika datang ke hak asasi manusia? || Korea Utara", {"qas": [{"question": "The United Nations Organization and UNICEF felt the relay could be used as what?", "id": "56d97261dc89441400fdb48a", "answers": [{"text": "a propaganda stunt.", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "North Korea is often listed among the worst offenders in the world in what regard?", "id": "56d97261dc89441400fdb48b", "answers": [{"text": "against human rights.", "answer_start": 410}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the children's agency of the United Nations Organization?", "id": "56db6f0ce7c41114004b50ff", "answers": [{"text": "UNICEF", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Both organizations withdrew what?", "id": "56db6f0ce7c41114004b5100", "answers": [{"text": "their staff", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the mission of the organizations?", "id": "56db6f0ce7c41114004b5101", "answers": [{"text": "raising awareness of conditions for children", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is often listed amongst the world's worst offenders when it comes to human rights?", "id": "56db6f0ce7c41114004b5102", "answers": [{"text": "North Korea", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The United Nations Organization and its children's agency UNICEF withdrew their staff, saying that it wasn't sure the event would help its mission of raising awareness of conditions for children and amid concerns that the relay would be used as a propaganda stunt. \"It was unconscionable,\" said a UN official who was briefed on the arguments. North Korea is frequently listed among the world\u2019s worst offenders against human rights."}], ["Australia: Acara itu diadakan di Canberra, Wilayah Ibu Negara Australia pada 24 April, dan diliputi sekitar 16 km dari kawasan pusat di Canberra, dari Tempat Rekonsiliasi ke Taman Komanwel. Apabila ketibaannya di Canberra, api Olimpik telah disampaikan oleh pegawai-pegawai Cina kepada penatua Orang Asli tempatan Agnes Shea, orang Ngunnawal. Beliau, pada gilirannya, menawarkan mereka tongkat mesej, sebagai hadiah damai dan selamat datang. Beratus-ratus pemrotes pro-Tibet dan ribuan pelajar Cina dilaporkan menghadiri. Para penunjuk perasaan dan penunjuk perasaan telah dipisahkan oleh Polis Persekutuan Australia. Persiapan untuk acara itu dicemari oleh perselisihan mengenai peranan para pendakwah api Cina, dengan pegawai Australia dan China yang berhujah secara terbuka atas fungsi dan prerogatif mereka semasa sidang akhbar. <> Bilakah obor tiba di Canberra? || April 24 <> Yang menerima api dari pegawai China di Canberra? || Agnes Shea <> Apa yang Agnes Shea memberi kepada Cina sebagai balasan? || mesej mesej <> Siapa yang secara umum berhujah pada sidang akhbar? || Pegawai Australia dan Cina <> Di manakah penyambungan yang diadakan di Australia? || Canberra <> Berapa kilometer dari laluan di Australia? || 16 <> Apakah lokasi permulaan laluan obor Olimpik di Australia? || Tempat Perdamaian <> Siapa yang memisahkan para penunjuk perasaan? || Polis Persekutuan Australia. <> Apakah nama orang tua Aborigin yang menerima obor dari pegawai Cina? || Agnes Shea", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the torch arrive in Canberra?", "id": "56d96d01dc89441400fdb44a", "answers": [{"text": "April 24", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who received the flame from Chinese officials in Canberra?", "id": "56d96d01dc89441400fdb44c", "answers": [{"text": "Agnes Shea", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Agnes Shea give to the Chinese in return?", "id": "56d96d01dc89441400fdb44d", "answers": [{"text": "a message stick", "answer_start": 362}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who publicly argued at a press conference?", "id": "56d96d01dc89441400fdb44e", "answers": [{"text": "Australian and Chinese officials", "answer_start": 698}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the relay held in Australia?", "id": "56db37c5e7c41114004b4f63", "answers": [{"text": "Canberra", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many kilometers was the route in Australia?", "id": "56db37c5e7c41114004b4f64", "answers": [{"text": "16", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the location of the beginning of the Olympic torch route in Australia?", "id": "56db37c5e7c41114004b4f65", "answers": [{"text": "Reconciliation Place", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who kept the demonstrators separated?", "id": "56db37c5e7c41114004b4f66", "answers": [{"text": "Australian Federal Police.", "answer_start": 562}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the Aboriginal elder who received the torch from Chinese officials?", "id": "56db37c5e7c41114004b4f67", "answers": [{"text": "Agnes Shea", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\n Australia: The event was held in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory on April 24, and covered around 16 km of Canberra's central areas, from Reconciliation Place to Commonwealth Park. Upon its arrival in Canberra, the Olympic flame was presented by Chinese officials to local Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea, of the Ngunnawal people. She, in turn, offered them a message stick, as a gift of peace and welcome. Hundreds of pro-Tibet protesters and thousands of Chinese students reportedly attended. Demonstrators and counter-demonstrators were kept apart by the Australian Federal Police. Preparations for the event were marred by a disagreement over the role of the Chinese flame attendants, with Australian and Chinese officials arguing publicly over their function and prerogatives during a press conference."}], ["Korea Utara: Acara itu diadakan di Pyongyang pada 28 April. Ia adalah kali pertama bahawa obor Olimpik telah pergi ke Korea Utara. Seramai ribuan orang melambai bunga kertas merah jambu dan bendera kecil dengan logo Sukan Olimpik Beijing yang dianjurkan oleh rejim autoritarian menyaksikan permulaan geganti di Pyongyang, beberapa orang melambai bendera Cina. Acara itu dipengerusikan oleh ketua parlimen negara, Kim Yong Nam. Utara, sekutu China, telah kritikal gangguan terhadap penyampai obor di tempat lain dan telah menyokong Beijing dalam tindakannya terhadap protes di Tibet. Kim melepaskan obor untuk pelari pertama Pak Du Ik, yang bermain di pasukan bola sepak Piala Dunia 1966 Korea Utara, ketika dia memulakan laluan 19 kilometer melalui Pyongyang. Relay itu bermula dari api besar yang dipahat obelisk Menara Juche, yang memperingati ideologi kebangsaan Juche, atau \"kepercayaan diri\", yang dicipta oleh pengasas negara itu, Presiden Kim Il Sung, bapa pemimpin Kim Jong Il, yang tidak hadir. <> Bilakah obor tiba di Pyongyang? || April 28 <> Yang memimpin peristiwa obor di Korea Utara? || Kim Yong Nam <> Siapa tukang sulap pertama di Korea Utara? || Pak Du Ik <> Dimana relay bermula? || Menara Juche <> Di mana peristiwa relay diadakan di Korea Utara? || Pyongyang. <> Apa tarikh acara geganti obor berlaku? || 28 April. <> Apa yang orang-orang dalam gelombang orang ramai pada awal penyampai? || bunga kertas merah jambu dan bendera kecil <> Siapa pelari pertama dengan obor? || Pak Du Ik", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the torch arrive in Pyongyang?", "id": "56d971ebdc89441400fdb480", "answers": [{"text": "April 28", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who presided over the torch event in North Korea?", "id": "56d971ebdc89441400fdb481", "answers": [{"text": "Kim Yong Nam", "answer_start": 416}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first torchbearer in North Korea?", "id": "56d971ebdc89441400fdb482", "answers": [{"text": "Pak Du Ik", "answer_start": 630}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the relay start?", "id": "56d971ebdc89441400fdb484", "answers": [{"text": "the Juche Tower", "answer_start": 815}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the relay event held in North Korea?", "id": "56db6e95e7c41114004b50f5", "answers": [{"text": "Pyongyang.", "answer_start": 740}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What date did the torch relay event take place?", "id": "56db6e95e7c41114004b50f6", "answers": [{"text": "April 28.", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did people in the crowd wave at the beginning of the relay?", "id": "56db6e95e7c41114004b50f7", "answers": [{"text": "pink paper flowers and small flags", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first runner with the torch?", "id": "56db6e95e7c41114004b50f8", "answers": [{"text": "Pak Du Ik", "answer_start": 630}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\n North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend."}], ["Vietnam: Acara itu diadakan di Ho Chi Minh City pada 29 April. Sebanyak 60 orang penunjuk lampu membawa obor dari Opera House di pusat ke Stadion Pertandingan Zon Ketenteraan 7 berhampiran Lapangan Terbang Tan Son Nhat di laluan yang tidak didedahkan. Vietnam terlibat dalam pertikaian wilayah dengan China (dan negara-negara lain) untuk kedaulatan Kepulauan Spratly dan Paracel; ketegangan telah meningkat baru-baru ini apabila berikutan laporan bahawa kerajaan China telah menubuhkan sebuah bandar raya peringkat daerah bernama Sansha di wilayah yang dipertikaikan, mengakibatkan demonstrasi anti-Cina pada bulan Disember 2007 di Hanoi dan Ho Chi Minh City. Bagaimanapun, untuk mengekalkan hubungannya dengan China, kerajaan Vietnam secara aktif berusaha untuk membantah protes semasa penyambungan obor, dengan Perdana Menteri Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n D\u0169ng memberi amaran kepada agensi-agensi kerajaan bahawa \"pasukan bermusuhan\" boleh cuba mengganggu relay obor. <> Bilakah obor tiba di Vietnam? || 29 April <> Di manakah acara obor yang diadakan di Vietnam? || Kota Ho Chi Minh <> Berapa banyak penunjuk lampu yang membawa obor di Vietnam? || 60 <> Di manakah acara obor bermula di Vietnam? || Opera House di pusat bandar <> Di manakah acara obor berakhir? || Stadium Pertandingan Zon Ketenteraan 7 Tentera <> Di manakah acara obor yang diadakan di Vietnam? || Bandar Ho Chi Minh. <> Kawasan apa yang terlibat dalam pertikaian antara Vietnam dan China? || Kepulauan Spratly dan Paracel <> Kerajaan China menubuhkan bandar apa di kawasan yang dipertikaikan ini? || Sansha <> Akibatnya, demonstrasi diadakan di mana dua kota pada bulan Disember 2007? || Hanoi dan Ho Chi Minh City. <> Siapa Perdana Menteri Vietnam? || Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n D\u0169ng", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the torch arrive in Vietnam?", "id": "56d972eadc89441400fdb48e", "answers": [{"text": "April 29", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the torch event held in Vietnam?", "id": "56d972eadc89441400fdb48f", "answers": [{"text": "Ho Chi Minh City", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many torchbearers carried the torch in Vietnam?", "id": "56d972eadc89441400fdb490", "answers": [{"text": "60", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the torch event begin in Vietnam?", "id": "56d972eadc89441400fdb491", "answers": [{"text": "the downtown Opera House", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the torch event end?", "id": "56d972eadc89441400fdb492", "answers": [{"text": "the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the torch event held in Vietnam?", "id": "56db6ae2e7c41114004b50bd", "answers": [{"text": "Ho Chi Minh City.", "answer_start": 608}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What areas are involved in the dispute between Vietnam and China?", "id": "56db6ae2e7c41114004b50be", "answers": [{"text": "the Spratly and Paracel Islands", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Chinese government established what city in this disputed area?", "id": "56db6ae2e7c41114004b50bf", "answers": [{"text": "Sansha", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As a result, demonstrations were held in what two cities in December 2007?", "id": "56db6ae2e7c41114004b50c0", "answers": [{"text": "Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.", "answer_start": 598}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Prime Minister of Vietnam?", "id": "56db6ae2e7c41114004b50c1", "answers": [{"text": "Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n D\u0169ng", "answer_start": 784}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": " Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n D\u0169ng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay."}], ["Sehingga 600 penunjuk perasaan pro-Tibet dijangka menghadiri relay ini, bersama dengan antara penyokong 2,000 dan 10,000 orang. Memandangkan jumlah penyokong Cina yang tinggi, Ted Quinlan, ketua jawatankuasa relay obor Canberra, berkata: \"Kami tidak menjangkakan reaksi ini dari masyarakat Cina. Ini jelas merupakan pelan yang diselaraskan dengan baik untuk mengambil hari demi berat daripada bilangan, tetapi kami mempunyai jaminan bahawa ia akan dilakukan secara aman. \". Juga, Ketua Menteri ACT Australia, Jon Stanhope mengesahkan bahawa kedutaan China terlibat erat untuk memastikan bahawa \"demonstrasi pro-China jauh melebihi jumlah aktivis Tibet.\" Perenang bebas gaya Australia dan pingat emas Olimpik lima kali, Ian Thorpe mengakhiri pukulan obor Australia pada 24 April 2008, menyentuh api untuk menyalakan kawah selepas larian yang hanya sedikit ditandai dengan protes. Rakyat menunjukkan kedua-duanya untuk China dan Tibet. Sekurang-kurangnya lima orang telah ditangkap semasa penyambungan obor. Polis berkata, \"lima orang ditahan kerana campur tangan dengan acara itu di bawah kuasa khas yang dibentuk berikutan bantahan besar-besaran terhadap dasar China terhadap Tibet.\" Pada satu ketika, kumpulan pelajar Cina dikepung dan mengintimidasi penunjuk perasaan pro-Tibet. Satu orang terpaksa ditarik di atas sebuah pelancaran polis apabila sekumpulan pelajar pro-Cina kelihatan seperti mereka mungkin memaksa dia ke dalam tasik. <> Siapa ketua jawatankuasa geganti obor Canberra? || Ted Quinlan <> Berapa banyak penyokong Tibet dijangka di Canberra untuk membantah? || 600 <> Ketua Menteri ACT, Jon Stanhope berkata, organisasi mana yang dimaksudkan untuk memastikan penyokong China melebihi sokongan Tibet? || Kedutaan China <> Atlet manakah yang membawa obor untuk perlawanan akhir? || Ian Thorpe <> Berapa banyak penyokong Tibet dijangka menghadiri penyampai obor? || Sehingga 600 <> Ia difikirkan bahawa berapa penyokong Cina akan menghadiri penyampai obor? || antara 2,000 dan 10,000 <> Siapa yang tidak mengharapkan reaksi dari masyarakat Cina? || Ted Quinlan <> Siapa yang terlibat untuk memastikan para penunjuk perasaan pro Cina mengalahkan para penunjuk perasaan Tibet? || kedutaan China", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the head of the Canberra torch relay committee?", "id": "56d96fb4dc89441400fdb462", "answers": [{"text": "Ted Quinlan", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many supporters of Tibet were expected in Canberra to protest?", "id": "56d96fb4dc89441400fdb464", "answers": [{"text": "600", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "ACT Chief Minister Jon Stanhope said which organization intended to ensure that China supporters outweighed Tibet supporters?", "id": "56d96fb4dc89441400fdb465", "answers": [{"text": "the Chinese embassy", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which athlete carried the torch for the final leg?", "id": "56d96fb4dc89441400fdb466", "answers": [{"text": "Ian Thorpe", "answer_start": 685}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many supporters of Tibet were expected to attend the torch relay?", "id": "56db6c7ce7c41114004b50d7", "answers": [{"text": "Up to 600", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "It was thought that how many Chinese supporters would attend the torch relay?", "id": "56db6c7ce7c41114004b50d8", "answers": [{"text": "between 2,000 and 10,000", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did not expect that reaction from the Chinese community?", "id": "56db6c7ce7c41114004b50d9", "answers": [{"text": "Ted Quinlan", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was involved to ensure the pro Chinese demonstrators outweighed the Tibetan demonstrators?", "id": "56db6c7ce7c41114004b50da", "answers": [{"text": "the Chinese embassy", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Up to 600 pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay, along with between 2,000 and 10,000 Chinese supporters. Taking note of the high number of Chinese supporters, Ted Quinlan, head of the Canberra torch relay committee, said: \"We didn't expect this reaction from the Chinese community. It is obviously a well-coordinated plan to take the day by weight of numbers. But we have assurances that it will be done peacefully.\". Also, Australia's ACT Chief Minister, Jon Stanhope confirmed that the Chinese embassy was closely involve to ensure that \"pro-China demonstrators vastly outnumbered Tibetan activists.\" Australian freestyle swimmer and five-time Olympic gold medalist Ian Thorpe ended the Australian leg of the torch relay April 24, 2008, touching the flame to light a cauldron after a run that was only marginally marked by protests. People demonstrated both for China and for Tibet. At least five people were arrested during the torch relay. Police said \"the five were arrested for interfering with the event under special powers enacted in the wake of massive protests against Chinese policy toward Tibet.\" At one point, groups of Chinese students surrounded and intimidated pro-Tibet protesters. One person had to be pulled aboard a police launch when a group of pro-Chinese students looked like they might force him into the lake."}], ["Jepun: Acara ini diadakan di Nagano, yang menjadi tuan rumah Sukan Olimpik Musim Sejuk 1998, pada 26 April. Kuil Buddha Jepun, Zenk\u014d-ji, yang pada awalnya dijadikan titik permulaan untuk menyalakan obor Olimpiade di Nagano, enggan menjadi tuan rumah obor dan ditarik keluar dari rancangan relay, di tengah spekulasi bahawa para bhiksu ada bersimpati dengan penunjuk perasaan pemerintah anti-Cina. serta risiko gangguan oleh protes ganas. Sebahagian bangunan utama kuil Zenk\u014d-ji (Zenk\u014d-ji Hond\u014d), dibina semula pada tahun 1707 dan salah satu dari Khazanah Nasional Jepun, kemudian dirusak dengan semburan semburan. Titik permulaan yang baru, sebelum ini tapak bangunan perbandaran dan kini tempat letak kereta, telah dipilih oleh bandar. Satu peristiwa yang dirancangkan oleh bandar di Taman Sukan Minami Nagano berikutan penyampai obor juga dibatalkan kerana kebimbangan mengenai gangguan yang disebabkan oleh penunjuk perasaan yang memprotes terhadap tindakan keras baru-baru ini di Tibet. Beribu-ribu polis rusuhan telah digerakkan untuk melindungi obor sepanjang laluannya. Pertunjukan kekuasaan memaksakan penunjuk perasaan paling banyak di cek, tetapi slogan-slogan yang dilontarkan oleh penunjuk perasaan pro-China atau pro-Tibet, nasionalis Jepun, dan organisasi hak asasi manusia membanjiri udara. Lima lelaki ditangkap dan empat cedera di tengah-tengah adegan keganasan gerombolan. Laluan obor itu penuh dengan penunjuk perasaan yang aman. Orang ramai tidak dibenarkan di tempat letak kereta di mana relay bermula. Selepas para wiku Zenkoji mengadakan upacara solat untuk korban peristiwa baru-baru ini di Tibet. Lebih daripada 100 pegawai polis berlari dengan obor dan polis rusuhan yang berjajar di jalanan manakala tiga helikopter terbang di atas. Hanya dua pengawal China yang dibenarkan menemani obor kerana kebimbangan Jepun terhadap rawatan mereka terhadap penunjuk perasaan pada geganti sebelumnya. Seorang lelaki dengan bendera Tibet cuba menghentikan obor pada permulaan geganti tetapi diseret oleh polis. Beberapa telur mentah juga dibuang dari orang ramai. <> Siapa yang menjadi tuan rumah Olimpik Musim Sejuk 1998? || Nagano <> Bilakah obor tiba di Nagano? || 26 April <> Di manakah penyalaan obor yang diadakan di Jepun? || Nagano <> Sukan Olimpik mana yang menjadi tuan rumah Nagano? || Sukan Olimpik Musim Sejuk 1998 <> Lokasi apa yang sepatutnya menjadi permulaan acara relay di Nagano? || Kuil Buddha Jepun Zenk\u014d-ji <> Apabila para bhikkhu keluar dari acara tersebut, di manakah titik permulaan yang baru untuk penyambungan itu? || bangunan perbandaran <> Berapa ramai pengawal China dibenarkan masuk dengan obor? || dua", {"qas": [{"question": "Who hosted the 1998 Winter Olympics?", "id": "56d97098dc89441400fdb46c", "answers": [{"text": "Nagano", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the torch arrive in Nagano?", "id": "56d97098dc89441400fdb46d", "answers": [{"text": "April 26", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the torch relay held in Japan?", "id": "56db6d76e7c41114004b50e1", "answers": [{"text": "Nagano", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Olympics did Nagano host?", "id": "56db6d76e7c41114004b50e2", "answers": [{"text": "1998 Winter Olympics", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What location was supposed to be the start of the relay event in Nagano?", "id": "56db6d76e7c41114004b50e3", "answers": [{"text": "Japanese Buddhist temple Zenk\u014d-ji", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When monks pulled out of the event, where was the new starting point for the relay?", "id": "56db6d76e7c41114004b50e4", "answers": [{"text": "a municipal building", "answer_start": 631}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Chinese guards were allowed to go with the torch?", "id": "56db6d76e7c41114004b50e5", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 1603}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\n Japan: The event was held in Nagano, which hosted the 1998 Winter Olympics, on April 26. Japanese Buddhist temple Zenk\u014d-ji, which was originally scheduled to be the starting point for the Olympic torch relay in Nagano, refused to host the torch and pulled out of the relay plans, amid speculation that monks there sympathized with anti-Chinese government protesters. as well as the risk of disruption by violent protests. Parts of Zenk\u014d-ji temple's main building (Zenk\u014d-ji Hond\u014d), reconstructed in 1707 and one of the National Treasures of Japan, was then vandalized with spraypaint. A new starting point, previously the site of a municipal building and now a parking lot, was chosen by the city. An event the city had planned to hold at the Minami Nagano Sports Park following the torch relay was also canceled out of concern about disruptions caused by demonstrators protesting against China's recent crackdown in Tibet. Thousands of riot police were mobilized to protect the torch along its route. The show of force kept most protesters in check, but slogans shouted by pro-China or pro-Tibet demonstrators, Japanese nationalists, and human rights organizations flooded the air. Five men were arrested and four injured amidst scenes of mob violence. The torch route was packed with mostly peaceful demonstrators. The public was not allowed at the parking lot where the relay started. After the Zenkoji monks held a prayer ceremony for victims of the recent events in Tibet. More than 100 police officers ran with the torch and riot police lined the streets while three helicopters flew above. Only two Chinese guards were allowed to accompany the torch because of Japan's concern over their treatment of demonstrators at previous relays. A man with a Tibetan flag tried to stop the torch at the beginning of the relay but was dragged off by police. Some raw eggs were also thrown from the crowd."}], ["Korea Selatan: Acara itu diadakan di Seoul, yang menganjurkan Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 1988, pada 27 April. Penggemar lampu suluh Choi Seung-kook dan Park Won-sun memboikot acara itu untuk membantah tindakan keras kerajaan China di Tibet. Lebih 8,000 polis rusuhan ditugaskan untuk menjaga laluan 24 kilometer, yang bermula di Olympic Park, yang dibina ketika Seoul menjadi tuan rumah Sukan Musim Panas 1988. Pada hari penghantar obor di Seoul, pelajar Cina bertempur dengan penunjuk perasaan, membaling batu, botol, dan pukulan. Seorang penculik Korea Utara yang saudara lelakinya membelot ke China tetapi ditangkap dan dieksekusi oleh DPRK, cuba membakar dirinya sebagai protes terhadap pelarian China terhadap pelarian Korea Utara. Dia menuangkan petrol kepada dirinya sendiri tetapi polis dengan cepat mengelilinginya dan membawanya pergi. Dua demonstran lain cuba menyerang obor tetapi gagal. Pertempuran berlaku berhampiran permulaan gegaran antara sekumpulan 500 penyokong Cina dan kira-kira 50 penunjuk perasaan yang membawa sepanduk yang membaca: \"Pelarian bebas Korea Utara di China.\" Murid-murid melemparkan batu dan botol air sebagai kira-kira 2,500 polis cuba memisahkan kumpulan-kumpulan itu. Polis berkata mereka menahan lima orang, termasuk pelajar Cina yang ditangkap kerana didakwa melempar batu. Beribu-ribu orang Cina mengikuti obor pada perjalanan selama 4.5 jam, sambil melaungkan, \"Go China, pergi Olimpiade!\" Menjelang akhir relay itu, pelajar Cina menjadi ganas, dan dilaporkan dalam media Korea bahawa mereka \"memanjat\" setiap orang yang tidak setuju dengan mereka. Seorang lelaki polis juga dibawa ke hospital selepas diserang oleh pelajar Cina. Pada 29 April, Setiausaha Keadilan, Kim Kyung Han, memberitahu Perdana Menteri bahawa dia akan mendapati \"setiap orang Cina yang terlibat dan membawa mereka ke muka pengadilan.\" Kemudian pada hari itu, Pejabat Pendakwa Korea Selatan, Agensi Polis Negara, Kementerian Luar Negeri dan Perkhidmatan Perisikan Negara membuat kenyataan bersama mengatakan bahawa mereka akan mengusir setiap pelajar Cina yang terlibat dalam insiden itu. China mempertahankan kelakuan pelajar. <> Di manakah acara geganti obor yang diadakan di Korea Selatan? || Seoul <> Bilakah Seoul menjadi tuan rumah Sukan Olimpik? || 1988 Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas <> Dimana titik permulaan untuk penyampai itu? || Taman Olimpik <> Siapa yang menjadi ganas semasa laluan relay dan dijanjikan pengusiran apabila ditangkap? || Pelajar Cina <> Di manakah acara relay yang diadakan di Korea Selatan? || Seoul <> Sukan Olimpik mana yang menjadi tuan rumah Seoul? || Olimpik Musim Panas 1988", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was the torch relay event held in South Korea?", "id": "56d97163dc89441400fdb476", "answers": [{"text": "Seoul", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Seoul host the Olympics?", "id": "56d97163dc89441400fdb477", "answers": [{"text": "1988 Summer Olympics", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the start point for the relay?", "id": "56d97163dc89441400fdb479", "answers": [{"text": "Olympic Park", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who became violent during the relay route and was promised deportation when caught?", "id": "56d97163dc89441400fdb47a", "answers": [{"text": "Chinese students", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the relay event held in South Korea?", "id": "56db6df1e7c41114004b50eb", "answers": [{"text": "Seoul", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Olympics did Seoul host?", "id": "56db6df1e7c41114004b50ec", "answers": [{"text": "1988 Summer Olympics", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": " South Korea: The event was held in Seoul, which hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics, on April 27. Intended torchbearers Choi Seung-kook and Park Won-sun boycotted the event to protest against the Chinese government's crackdown in Tibet. More than 8,000 riot police were deployed to guard the 24-kilometre route, which began at Olympic Park, which was built when Seoul hosted the 1988 Summer Games. On the day of the torch relay in Seoul, Chinese students clashed with protesters, throwing rocks, bottles, and punches. A North Korean defector whose brother defected to China but was captured and executed by the DPRK, attempted to set himself on fire in protest of China's treatment of North Korean refugees. He poured gasoline on himself but police quickly surrounded him and carried him away. Two other demonstrators tried to storm the torch but failed. Fighting broke out near the beginning of the relay between a group of 500 Chinese supporters and approximately 50 protesters who carried a banner that read: \"Free North Korean refugees in China.\" The students threw stones and water bottles as approximately 2,500 police tried to keep the groups separated. Police said they arrested five people, including a Chinese student who was arrested for allegedly throwing rocks. Thousands of Chinese followed the torch on its 4.5 hour journey, some chanting, \"Go China, go Olympics!\" By the end of the relay, Chinese students became violent, and it was reported in Korean media that they were \"lynching\" everyone who was disagreeing with them. One police man was also rushed to hospital after being attacked by Chinese students. On Apr 29, the Secretary of Justice, Kim Kyung Han, told the prime minister that he will find \"every single Chinese who was involved and bring them to justice.\" Later in the day, South Korea's Prosecutor's Office, National Police Agency, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and National Intelligence Service made a joint statement saying that they will be deporting every Chinese student that was involved in the incident. China defended the conduct of the students."}], ["Berikutan peristiwa-peristiwa di Olympia, terdapat laporan bahawa China meminta kebenaran untuk menggunakan kakitangan Tentera Pembebasan Rakyat di sepanjang laluan relay untuk melindungi api di Canberra. Pihak berkuasa Australia menyatakan bahawa permintaan itu, jika dibuat, akan ditolak. Pegawai Cina melabelnya sebagai khabar angin. Polis Australia telah diberi kuasa untuk mencari penonton bersayap, berikutan seruan oleh Pelajar Cina dan Persatuan Ulama untuk pelajar Australia dari China untuk \"mempertahankan obor suci kita\" terhadap \"pemusnahan kaum etnik dan pemisah anti-China\". Tony Goh, pengerusi Majlis Perundangan Cina Australia, berkata ACCO akan mengambil \"ribuan\" demonstrasi pro-Beijing ke Canberra dengan bas, untuk menyokong penyampai obor. Zhang Rongan, pelajar China Australia yang menganjurkan demonstrasi pro-Beijing, memberitahu akhbar bahawa diplomat Cina membantu dengan organisasi bas, makanan dan penginapan untuk para penunjuk perasaan pro-Beijing, dan membantu mereka menganjurkan \"pertunjukkan kekuatan yang damai\". Menteri Luar Stephen Smith berkata para pegawai China mendesak para penyokong untuk \"menaikkan dan meletakkan pandangan\", tetapi dia tidak mempunyai bantahan kepadanya selagi mereka tetap aman. <> Siapa yang mahu orang Cina mahu ke Canberra untuk melindungi api? || Pegawai Tentera Pembebasan Rakyat <> Pelajar Cina Australia diberitahu untuk mempertahankan apa yang melawan kotor dan pemisah? || obor suci <> Siapa pengerusi Majlis Australia Pertubuhan Cina? || Tony Goh Siapa Menteri Luar Negeri yang mengatakan dia baik-baik saja dengan bantahan selagi mereka aman? || Stephen Smith <> Kumpulan apa yang dikehendaki China mengikut laluan relay di Canberra? || Tentera Pembebasan Rakyat <> Yang diberi kebenaran untuk mencari peserta penyampai? || Polis Australia <> Yang mengatakan bahawa beribu-ribu penyokong pro-Beijing akan dibawa masuk? || Tony Goh <> Siapa yang memberitahu media bahawa diplomat China mengatur \"pertunjukan damai\"? || Zhang Rongan <> Siapa Menteri Luar Negeri yang menunjukkan pegawai Cina mahu menyokong para demonstran untuk menunjukkan dan menunjukkan pandangan mereka? || Stephen Smith", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did the Chinese want to deploy to Canberra to protect the flame?", "id": "56d96e76dc89441400fdb454", "answers": [{"text": "People's Liberation Army personnel", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chinese Australian students were told to defend what against scum and separatists?", "id": "56d96e76dc89441400fdb456", "answers": [{"text": "sacred torch", "answer_start": 500}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations?", "id": "56d96e76dc89441400fdb457", "answers": [{"text": "Tony Goh", "answer_start": 575}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Foreign Minister who said he was okay with protests as long as they were peaceful?", "id": "56d96e76dc89441400fdb458", "answers": [{"text": "Stephen Smith", "answer_start": 1065}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group did China want along the relay route in Canberra?", "id": "56db3994e7c41114004b4f6d", "answers": [{"text": "People's Liberation Army", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was given permission to search attendees of the relay?", "id": "56db3994e7c41114004b4f6e", "answers": [{"text": "Australian police", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said that thousands of pro-Beijing supporters would be bused in?", "id": "56db3994e7c41114004b4f6f", "answers": [{"text": "Tony Goh", "answer_start": 575}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who told the media that Chinese diplomats were arranging a \"peaceful show of strength\"?", "id": "56db3994e7c41114004b4f70", "answers": [{"text": "Zhang Rongan", "answer_start": 769}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Foreign Minister who indicated Chinese officials wanted supporting demonstrators to show up and show their point of view?", "id": "56db3994e7c41114004b4f71", "answers": [{"text": "Stephen Smith", "answer_start": 1065}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Following the events in Olympia, there were reports that China requested permission to deploy People's Liberation Army personnel along the relay route to protect the flame in Canberra. Australian authorities stated that such a request, if it were to be made, would be refused. Chinese officials labeled it a rumor. Australian police have been given powers to search relay spectators, following a call by the Chinese Students and Scholars Association for Chinese Australian students to \"go defend our sacred torch\" against \"ethnic degenerate scum and anti-China separatists\". Tony Goh, chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations, has said the ACCO would be taking \"thousands\" of pro-Beijing demonstrators to Canberra by bus, to support the torch relay. Zhang Rongan, a Chinese Australian student organising pro-Beijing demonstrations, told the press that Chinese diplomats were assisting with the organization of buses, meals and accommodation for pro-Beijing demonstrators, and helping them organise a \"peaceful show of strength\". Foreign Minister Stephen Smith said Chinese officials were urging supporters to \"turn up and put a point of view\", but that he had no objection to it as long as they remained peaceful."}], ["Sebagai tindak balas terhadap protes pro-Tibet dan pro-hak asasi manusia, media China memberi tumpuan kepada penunjuk perasaan yang lebih mengganggu, merujuk sebagai contoh kepada \"sebilangan kecil pemenggalan perisai Tibet\" dan sebilangan kecil yang dipanggil NGO hak asasi manusia aktivis \"niat\" mengganggu dan mensabotaj Sukan Olimpik Beijing \". Walau bagaimanapun, media China menerbitkan artikel tentang orang ramai yang menyokong relay obor. <> Apakah media Cina memberi tumpuan kepada penunjuk perasaan hak asasi manusia? || penunjuk perasaan yang lebih mengganggu", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the Chinese media focus on as far as human rights protesters?", "id": "56d97c68dc89441400fdb4dc", "answers": [{"text": "the more disruptive protesters", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In response to pro-Tibet and pro-human rights protests, the Chinese media focused on the more disruptive protesters, referring for example to \"a very small number of 'Tibet independence' secessionists and a handful of so-called human rights-minded NGO activists\" intent on \"disrupting and sabotaging the Beijing Olympic Games\". However, the Chinese media published articles about crowds supporting the torch relay."}], ["China: Obor itu kembali ke China untuk kali pertama sejak April. Obor itu tiba di Sanya, Hainan pada 4 Mei dengan perayaan yang dihadiri oleh pegawai-pegawai Jawatankuasa Olimpik Antarabangsa (IOC) dan nama-nama besar Cina seperti Jackie Chan. Keseluruhan penyampaian melalui Tanah Besar China adalah sebahagian besarnya berjaya dengan ramai orang menyambut kedatangan obor di sepanjang jalan. <> Selepas keberangkatan April, ketika obor kembali ke China? || 4 Mei <> Apa pelakon menghadiri sambutan obor di China? || Jackie Chan <> Bilakah obor sampai ke Sanya, Hainan? || 4 Mei <> Bilakah kali terakhir obor berada di China? || April. <> Siapa yang menghadiri perayaan? || IOC <> Pelakon mana yang pernah menghadiri perayaan? || Jackie Chan.", {"qas": [{"question": "After its April departure, when did the torch return to China?", "id": "56d9779ddc89441400fdb4d0", "answers": [{"text": "May 4", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What actor attended a torch celebration in China?", "id": "56d9779ddc89441400fdb4d1", "answers": [{"text": "Jackie Chan", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the torch reach Sanya, Hainan?", "id": "56db75c2e7c41114004b5147", "answers": [{"text": "May 4", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the last time the torch had been in China?", "id": "56db75c2e7c41114004b5148", "answers": [{"text": "April.", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who attended the celebrations?", "id": "56db75c2e7c41114004b5149", "answers": [{"text": "IOC", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which actor also attended the celebrations?", "id": "56db75c2e7c41114004b514a", "answers": [{"text": "Jackie Chan.", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": " China: The torch returned to China for the first time since April. The torch arrived in Sanya, Hainan on May 4 with celebrations attended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) officials and Chinese big names like Jackie Chan. The entire relay through Mainland China was largely a success with many people welcoming the arrival of the torch along the way."}], ["Seorang penduduk Macau ditangkap pada 26 April kerana menghantar mesej di cyberctm.com menggalakkan orang ramai untuk mengganggu penyampai. Kedua-dua orchidbbs.com dan cyberctm.com Forum Internet telah ditutup dari 2 hingga 4 Mei. Ini spekulasi memudaratkan bahawa penutupan itu menyasarkan ucapan terhadap relay tersebut. Kepala Biro Peraturan Telekomunikasi menafikan bahwa penutupan situs web bermotifkan politik. Kira-kira 2,200 polis ditempatkan di jalanan, tidak ada gangguan. <> Seorang warga Macau ditangkap kerana menyiarkan rayuan untuk mengganggu penyebaran di laman web apa? || cyberctm.com <> Sebagai tambahan kepada cyberctm.com, apa laman web lain ditutup selama dua hari? || orchidbbs.com <> Siapa yang ditangkap pada 26 April kerana menghantar mesej dalam talian? || Seorang penduduk Macau <> Di manakah mesej diposkan? || cyberctm.com <> Siapa menafikan penutupan itu didorong oleh politik? || Kepala Biro Peraturan Telekomunikasi", {"qas": [{"question": "A Macau citizen was arrested for posting a plea to disrupt the relay on what website?", "id": "56d97744dc89441400fdb4ca", "answers": [{"text": "cyberctm.com", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to cyberctm.com, what other website was shut down for two days?", "id": "56d97744dc89441400fdb4cb", "answers": [{"text": "orchidbbs.com", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was arrested on April 26 for posting an online message?", "id": "56db756ce7c41114004b513d", "answers": [{"text": "A Macau resident", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the message posted?", "id": "56db756ce7c41114004b513e", "answers": [{"text": "cyberctm.com", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who denied the shutdown was motivated by politics?", "id": "56db756ce7c41114004b5141", "answers": [{"text": "The head of the Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A Macau resident was arrested on April 26 for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay. Both orchidbbs.com and cyberctm.com Internet forums were shut down from May 2 to 4. This fueled speculation that the shutdowns were targeting speeches against the relay. The head of the Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation has denied that the shutdowns of the websites were politically motivated. About 2,200 police were deployed on the streets, there were no interruptions."}], ["Xinhua dan CCTV memetik penonton bersayap yang mengutuk protes, yang lebih besar daripada kebanyakan media Barat, tetapi tidak memetik apa-apa pandangan alternatif, tanpa memberi liputan sokongan terhadap protes oleh beberapa warganegara biasa di negara-negara Barat. Ia memetik para atlet yang menyatakan kebanggaan mengambil bahagian dalam relay, lebih tinggi daripada media Barat, tetapi bukan mereka yang, seperti Marie-Jos\u00e9 P\u00e9rec, menyatakan persefahaman dan sokongan untuk penunjuk perasaan. Jawatankuasa Penganjur Beijing untuk Sukan tersebut menyebut \"wajah tersenyum orang tua, kanak-kanak dan seniman di jalanan\", bersorak dan menyokong London. Xinhua berkata penunjuk perasaan adalah \"radikal\" yang \"menginjak hak asasi manusia\" dan kegiatannya dikutuk oleh \"rakyat dunia yang suka cinta semangat Olimpik\". <> Xinhua dan CCTV memberi tumpuan kepada orang yang apa? || mengutuk demonstrasi <> atlet mana yang diabaikan oleh media untuk menyokong penunjuk perasaan? || Marie-Jos\u00e9 Per\u00e9r <> Apa yang dipanggil penunjuk perasaan Xinhua? || radikal <> Atlet manakah yang menunjukkan sokongan terhadap orang yang memprotes? || Marie-Jos\u00e9 Per\u00e9r <> Penerbitan mana yang mengatakan bahawa penunjuk perasaan telah menginjak hak asasi manusia? || Xinhua", {"qas": [{"question": "Xinhua and CCTV focused on people who what?", "id": "56d97d10dc89441400fdb4de", "answers": [{"text": "condemned the protests", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which athlete was ignored by media for supporting the protesters?", "id": "56d97d10dc89441400fdb4df", "answers": [{"text": "Marie-Jos\u00e9 P\u00e9rec", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Xinhua call protesters?", "id": "56d97d10dc89441400fdb4e0", "answers": [{"text": "radicals", "answer_start": 668}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which athlete showed support for the people protesting?", "id": "56db76b7e7c41114004b5153", "answers": [{"text": "Marie-Jos\u00e9 P\u00e9rec", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which publication said that protesters were trampling human rights?", "id": "56db76b7e7c41114004b5154", "answers": [{"text": "Xinhua", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Xinhua and CCTV quoted relay spectators who condemned the protests, to a greater extent than most Western media, but did not quote any alternate viewpoints, providing no coverage of support for the protests by some ordinary citizens in Western countries. It quoted athletes who expressed pride at taking part in the relays, to a greater extent than Western media, but not those who, like Marie-Jos\u00e9 P\u00e9rec, expressed understanding and support for the protestors. The Beijing Organising Committee for the Games mentioned the \"smiling faces of the elderly, children and the artists on the streets\", of cheering and supportive Londoners. Xinhua said that protesters were \"radicals\" who \"trampled human rights\" and whose activities were condemned by \"the people of the world who cordially love the Olympic spirit\"."}], ["Hong Kong: Acara itu diadakan di Hong Kong pada 2 Mei. Dalam majlis yang diadakan di Pusat Kebudayaan Hong Kong di Tsim Sha Tsui, Ketua Eksekutif Donald Tsang menyerahkan obor kepada peluncur pertama, pingat Olimpik Lee Lai Shan. Relay obor kemudian melintasi Nathan Road, Lantau Link, Sha Tin (menyeberangi Sungai Shing Mun melalui bot naga, yang tidak pernah digunakan sebelum dalam sejarah relay obor Olimpik), Victoria Harbour (diseberangi oleh Tin Hau, sebuah kapal VIP yang dikendalikan oleh Jabatan Laut) sebelum berakhir di Dataran Golden Bauhinia di Wan Chai. Sebanyak 120 penembak tonggak telah dipilih untuk mengambil bahagian dalam acara yang terdiri daripada selebriti, atlet dan ahli politik kem pro-Beijing. Tidak ada ahli politik dari kem pro-demokrasi yang dipilih sebagai tukang sulap. Seorang penunjuk lampu tidak boleh menyertai kerana kelewatan penerbangan. Dianggarkan bahawa lebih daripada 200,000 penonton keluar dan menonton relay itu. Banyak penyokong yang bersemangat memakai baju merah dan melambaikan bendera Cina yang besar. Menurut Ketua Setiausaha Pentadbiran Hong Kong Henry Tang, 3,000 polis dikerahkan untuk memastikan ketenteraman. <> Bilakah obor tiba di Hong Kong? || May 2 <> Siapa pembimbing pertama di Hong Kong? || Lee Lai Shan <> Di mana peristiwa obor bermula di Hong Kong? || Pusat Kebudayaan Hong Kong <> Di manakah penghantar obor berakhir di Hong Kong? || Golden Bauhinia Square di Wan Chai <> Berapa banyak penembak tonggak mengambil bahagian dalam acara relay di Hong Kong? || 120 <> Bilakah peristiwa relay diadakan di Hong Kong? || May 2. <> Siapa yang menyerahkan obor kepada Lee Lai Shan, tukang sulap pertama? || Donald Tsang <> Apa yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan obor di seberang Sungai Shing Mun? || bot naga <> Berapa banyak penunjuk lampu membawa obor? || 120 <> Pembawa lampu suluh termasuk atlet, selebriti dan siapa? || ahli politik kem pro-Beijing.", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the torch arrive in Hong Kong?", "id": "56d9749adc89441400fdb4a0", "answers": [{"text": "May 2", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first torchbearer in Hong Kong?", "id": "56d9749adc89441400fdb4a1", "answers": [{"text": "Lee Lai Shan", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the torch event started in Hong Kong?", "id": "56d9749adc89441400fdb4a2", "answers": [{"text": "Hong Kong Cultural Centre", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the torch relay end in Hong Kong?", "id": "56d9749adc89441400fdb4a3", "answers": [{"text": "Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai", "answer_start": 521}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many torchbearers participated in the relay event in Hong Kong?", "id": "56d9749adc89441400fdb4a4", "answers": [{"text": "120", "answer_start": 568}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the relay event held in Hong Kong?", "id": "56db7092e7c41114004b5107", "answers": [{"text": "May 2.", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who handed the torch to Lee Lai Shan, the first torchbearer?", "id": "56db7092e7c41114004b5108", "answers": [{"text": "Donald Tsang", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was used to get the torch across the Shing Mun River?", "id": "56db7092e7c41114004b5109", "answers": [{"text": "a dragon boat", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many torchbearers carried the torch?", "id": "56db7092e7c41114004b510a", "answers": [{"text": "120", "answer_start": 568}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The torchbearers included athletes, celebrities and who?", "id": "56db7092e7c41114004b510b", "answers": [{"text": "pro-Beijing camp politicians.", "answer_start": 667}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": " Hong Kong: The event was held in Hong Kong on May 2. In the ceremony held at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre in Tsim Sha Tsui, Chief Executive Donald Tsang handed the torch to the first torchbearer, Olympic medalist Lee Lai Shan. The torch relay then traveled through Nathan Road, Lantau Link, Sha Tin (crossed Shing Mun River via a dragon boat, which had been never used before in the history of Olympic torch relays), Victoria Harbour (crossed by Tin Hau, a VIP vessel managed by the Marine Department) before ending in Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai. A total of 120 torchbearers were selected to participate in the event consisting of celebrities, athletes and pro-Beijing camp politicians. No politicians from the pro-democracy camp were selected as torchbearers. One torchbearer could not participate due to flight delay. It was estimated that more than 200,000 spectators came out and watched the relay. Many enthusiastic supporters wore red shirts and waved large Chinese flags. According to Hong Kong Chief Secretary for Administration Henry Tang, 3,000 police were deployed to ensure order."}], ["Liputan acara oleh media diteliti semasa penyambungan. Liputan media Cina penyambungan obor telah berbeza dalam beberapa cara dari liputan di tempat lain. Wartawan Barat di Beijing telah menggambarkan liputan media Cina sebagai sebahagian dan ditapis (contohnya ketika media Cina tidak menyiarkan pemberita Tanpa Hadir 'mengganggu upacara pencahayaan lampu suluh), sedangkan netizens Cina pula menuduh liputan media Barat menjadi berat sebelah. Liberation akhbar Perancis dikritik oleh agensi media negeri China Xinhua kerana laporannya yang didakwa bias; Xinhua mencadangkan bahawa Pengembaraan memerlukan \"tamparan yang menyengat di muka\" kerana \"menghina api Olimpik\" dan \"menyokong sebilangan saboteurs\". <> Liputan Cina peristiwa relay obor telah dituduh oleh wartawan Barat sebagai apa? || parsial dan disensor <> Sebaliknya, penyokong Cina telah menuduh media Barat menjadi apa dalam liputan mereka? || berat sebelah. <> Akhbar Perancis mana yang dituduh bersikap berat sebelah oleh agensi media negeri China Xinhua? || Pengembaraan <> Apa yang sedang diteliti? || Liputan media <> Liputan di China dilaporkan menjadi sebahagian dan apa? || disensor <> Organisasi apa yang mengganggu penyampai dan tidak disiarkan oleh media Cina? || Wartawan Tanpa Sempadan <> Chinese State Press mengatakan apa akhbar Perancis yang berat sebelah? || Pembaharuan <> The Chinese State Press berkata akhbar Perancis menyokong segelintir apa? || saboteurs", {"qas": [{"question": "The Chinese coverage of torch relay events has been accused by Western reporters as being what?", "id": "56d97bf6dc89441400fdb4d4", "answers": [{"text": "partial and censored", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In turn, Chinese supporters have accused Western media of being what in their coverage?", "id": "56d97bf6dc89441400fdb4d5", "answers": [{"text": "biased.", "answer_start": 473}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which French newspaper was accused of being biased by Chinese State press agency Xinhua?", "id": "56d97bf6dc89441400fdb4d6", "answers": [{"text": "Lib\u00e9ration", "answer_start": 502}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was under scrutiny?", "id": "56db7278e7c41114004b5123", "answers": [{"text": "media coverage", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Coverage in China is reported to be partial and what?", "id": "56db7278e7c41114004b5124", "answers": [{"text": "censored", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization interrupted the relay and was not broadcast by the Chinese media?", "id": "56db7278e7c41114004b5125", "answers": [{"text": "Reporters Without Borders", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chinese State Press said what French newspaper was biased?", "id": "56db7278e7c41114004b5126", "answers": [{"text": "Lib\u00e9ration", "answer_start": 502}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Chinese State Press said the French newspaper was supporting a handful of what?", "id": "56db7278e7c41114004b5127", "answers": [{"text": "saboteurs", "answer_start": 743}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The coverage of the events by the media came under scrutiny during the relay. Chinese media coverage of the torch relay has been distinct in a number of ways from coverage elsewhere. Western reporters in Beijing have described Chinese media coverage as partial and censored (for example when Chinese media did not broadcast Reporters Without Borders' disruption of the torch lighting ceremony), whereas Chinese netizens have in turn accused Western media coverage of being biased. The French newspaper Lib\u00e9ration was criticised by the Chinese State press agency Xinhua for its allegedly biased reporting; Xinhua suggested that Lib\u00e9ration needed \"a stinging slap in the face\" for having \"insulted the Olympic flame\" and \"supported a handful of saboteurs\"."}], ["Macau: Acara itu diadakan di Macau pada 3 Mei. Ia adalah kali pertama obor Olimpik telah pergi ke Macau. Majlis telah diadakan di Dermaga Fisherman Macau. Selepas itu, obor mengembara melalui Macau, melalui sejumlah mercu tanda termasuk A-Ma Temple, Menara Macau, Ponte Governador Nobre de Carvalho, Ponte de Sai Van, Pusat Kebudayaan Macau, Stadium Macau dan kemudian kembali ke Fisherman's Wharf untuk penutupan upacara. Sebahagian daripada laluan berhampiran Reruntuhan St Paul dan Taipa dipendekkan disebabkan oleh ramai penyokong yang menyekat jalan sempit. Sebanyak 120 penembak tonggak mengambil bahagian dalam acara ini termasuk hartawan kasino Stanley Ho. Leong Hong Man dan Leong Heng Teng masing-masing merupakan penyokong pertama dan terakhir di relay tersebut. Satu artikel yang diterbitkan di Macao Daily News mengkritik bahawa senarai pembawa obor tidak boleh mewakili sepenuhnya orang Macan dan terdapat terlalu banyak atlet bukan di kalangan penembak suluh. (sesetengahnya telah menjadi tukang sulap acara sukan lain) <> Bilakah obor melawat Macao? || 3 Mei <> Di manakah upacara obor yang diadakan di Macau? || Macau Fisherman's Wharf <> Berapa banyak penembakan obor berpartisipasi di Macau? || 120 <> Siapa tukang sulap pertama di Macau? || Leong Hong Man <> Satu artikel akhbar mengkritik bahawa tidak cukup apa jenis orang di kalangan para tukang lampu? || atlet <> Bilakah acara relay obor diadakan di Macau? || 3 Mei <> Berapa banyak obor torch membawa obor di Macao? || 120 <> Siapa orang pertama yang membawa obor di Macau? || Leong Hong Man <> Yang hartawan kasino yang mengambil bahagian dalam acara relay obor? || Stanley Ho. <> Penerbitan manakah yang tidak berpuas hati dengan jumlah penunjuk lampu bukan atlit? || Berita Harian Macao", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the torch visit Macao?", "id": "56d976addc89441400fdb4be", "answers": [{"text": "May 3", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the torch ceremony held in Macao?", "id": "56d976addc89441400fdb4bf", "answers": [{"text": "Macau Fisherman's Wharf", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many torchbearers participated in Macao?", "id": "56d976addc89441400fdb4c0", "answers": [{"text": "120", "answer_start": 570}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first torchbearer in Macao?", "id": "56d976addc89441400fdb4c1", "answers": [{"text": "Leong Hong Man", "answer_start": 650}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A newspaper article criticized that there were not enough of what kind of person among the torchbearers?", "id": "56d976addc89441400fdb4c2", "answers": [{"text": "athletes", "answer_start": 906}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the torch relay event held in Macao?", "id": "56db74aae7c41114004b512d", "answers": [{"text": "May 3", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many torchbearers carried the torch in Macao?", "id": "56db74aae7c41114004b512e", "answers": [{"text": "120", "answer_start": 570}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first person to carry the torch in Macao?", "id": "56db74aae7c41114004b512f", "answers": [{"text": "Leong Hong Man", "answer_start": 650}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which casino tycoon participated in the torch relay event?", "id": "56db74aae7c41114004b5130", "answers": [{"text": "Stanley Ho.", "answer_start": 638}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which publication was unhappy with the amount of non-athlete torchbearers?", "id": "56db74aae7c41114004b5131", "answers": [{"text": "Macao Daily News", "answer_start": 772}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": " Macao: The event was held in Macau on May 3. It was the first time that the Olympic torch had traveled to Macau. A ceremony was held at Macau Fisherman's Wharf. Afterward, the torch traveled through Macau, passing by a number of landmarks including A-Ma Temple, Macau Tower, Ponte Governador Nobre de Carvalho, Ponte de Sai Van, Macau Cultural Centre, Macau Stadium and then back to the Fisherman's Wharf for the closing ceremony. Parts of the route near Ruins of St. Paul's and Taipa was shortened due to large crowds of supporters blocking narrow streets. A total of 120 torchbearers participated in this event including casino tycoon Stanley Ho. Leong Hong Man and Leong Heng Teng were the first and last torchbearer in the relay respectively. An article published on Macao Daily News criticized that the list of the torchbearers could not fully represent the Macanese and that there were too many non-athletes among the torchbearers. (some of whom had already been torchbearers of other sporting events)"}], ["Kumpulan warna demokrasi Orange, yang diketuai oleh pengrajin Denmark, Jens Galschi\u00f8t, pada asalnya merancang untuk menyertai penyambungan Perikatan Hong Kong dan melukis \"Rukun Malu\", sebuah struktur yang dibina di Hong Kong untuk memperingati protes Square Tiananmen 1989. Bagaimanapun, Galschi\u00f8t dan dua orang lagi ditolak masuk ke Hong Kong pada 26 April 2008 kerana \"sebab-sebab imigresen\" dan terpaksa meninggalkan Hong Kong. Sebagai tindak balas, Lee Cheuk Yan, naib pengerusi Perikatan Hong Kong dalam menyokong Pergerakan Demokratik Patriotik di China, berkata, \"Ia sangat keterlaluan bahawa kerajaan sanggup mengorbankan imej Hong Kong kerana geganti obor.\" Pelakon Hollywood, Mia Farrow juga dipersoalkan secara ringkas di lapangan terbang Hong Kong walaupun pegawai membenarkannya masuk. Dia kemudian memberikan ucapan yang mengkritik hubungan China dengan Sudan di Hong Kong, kerana terdapat juga minoriti kecil yang memprotes tentang peranan China dalam krisis Darfur. Legislator Cheung Man Kwong juga berkata keputusan kerajaan membenarkan Farrow memasuki sementara menafikan orang lain adalah standard ganda dan melanggar satu negara Hong Kong, dua dasar sistem. <> Kumpulan mana yang diketuai oleh Jens Galschi\u00f8t? || Kumpulan warna demokrasi Orange <> Apa yang dilakukan Galschi\u00f8t di Hong Kong merujuk kepada protes Tiananmen Square? || Pilar Malu <> Galschi\u00f8t dan dua penunjuk perasaan ditolak masuk ke Hong Kong atas sebab apa? || sebab imigresen <> Pelakon wanita mana yang dipersoalkan di lapangan terbang Hong Kong? || Mia Farrow <> Seorang penggubal undang-undang mengatakan bahawa dengan membenarkan Farrow memasuki Hong Kong sementara menyangkal orang lain adalah pelanggaran terhadap dasar apa? || satu negara, dua sistem <> kumpulan apa yang dilakukan oleh Jens Galschi\u00f8t? || The Orange Orange <> Struktur apa yang Jens Galschi\u00f8t membina untuk memonopoli protes Tianamen Square pada tahun 1989? || Pillar of Shame <> Mengapa Jens Galschi\u00f8t pergi meninggalkan Hong Kong? || sebab imigresen <> Yang pelakon asal Amerika pada mulanya diadakan dan kemudian memberikan ucapan mengenai China dan Sudan? || Mia Farrow", {"qas": [{"question": "Which group did Jens Galschi\u00f8t lead?", "id": "56d97631dc89441400fdb4b4", "answers": [{"text": "The Color Orange democracy group", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Galschi\u00f8t construct in Hong Kong in reference to the Tiananmen Square protests?", "id": "56d97631dc89441400fdb4b5", "answers": [{"text": "Pillar of Shame", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Galschi\u00f8t and two fellow protesters were denied to entry to Hong Kong for what reason?", "id": "56d97631dc89441400fdb4b6", "answers": [{"text": "immigration reasons", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which American actress was questioned at the Hong Kong airport?", "id": "56d97631dc89441400fdb4b7", "answers": [{"text": "Mia Farrow", "answer_start": 661}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A legislator said that by allowing Farrow to enter Hong Kong while denying others was a violation to what policy?", "id": "56d97631dc89441400fdb4b8", "answers": [{"text": "one country, two systems", "answer_start": 1110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group did Jens Galschi\u00f8t lead?", "id": "56db715ce7c41114004b511a", "answers": [{"text": "The Color Orange", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What structure did Jens Galschi\u00f8t build to monumentalize the Tianamen Square protests in 1989?", "id": "56db715ce7c41114004b511b", "answers": [{"text": "Pillar of Shame", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why was Jens Galschi\u00f8t made to leave Hong Kong?", "id": "56db715ce7c41114004b511c", "answers": [{"text": "immigration reasons", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which actress from America was initially held and then gave a speech about China and Sudan?", "id": "56db715ce7c41114004b511d", "answers": [{"text": "Mia Farrow", "answer_start": 661}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Color Orange democracy group, led by Danish sculptor Jens Galschi\u00f8t, originally planned to join the Hong Kong Alliance relay and paint the \"Pillar of Shame\", a structure he built in Hong Kong to commemorate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. However, Galschi\u00f8t and two other people were denied entry to Hong Kong on April 26, 2008 due to \"immigration reasons\" and were forced to leave Hong Kong. In response, Lee Cheuk Yan, vice chairman of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, said, \"It's outrageous that the government is willing to sacrifice the image of Hong Kong because of the torch relay.\" Hollywood actress Mia Farrow was also briefly questioned at the Hong Kong airport though officials allowed her to enter. She later gave a speech criticizing China's relations with Sudan in Hong Kong, as there was also a small minority of people protesting about China's role in the crisis of Darfur. Legislator Cheung Man Kwong have also said the government's decision allowing Farrow to enter while denying others is a double standard and a violation to Hong Kong's one country, two systems policy."}], ["Sebelum perhimpunan itu, tujuh penunjuk perasaan anti-China telah ditangkap di Hanoi selepas membentangkan sepanduk dan menjerit \"Boycott the Olympics Beijing\" melalui pembawa kuat di pasaran. Seorang warga Vietnam diusir untuk merancang protes terhadap obor, manakala seorang blogger terkenal, \u0110i\u1ebfu C\u00e0y (nama sebenarnya Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n H\u1ea3i), yang menulis tentang protes di seluruh dunia dan yang menyeru demonstrasi di Vietnam, ditangkap atas tuduhan pengelakan cukai. Di luar Vietnam, terdapat protes oleh Vietnam di luar negara di Paris, San Francisco dan Canberra. L\u00ea Minh Phi\u1ebfu, seorang tukang sulap yang merupakan pelajar undang-undang Vietnam yang belajar di Perancis, menulis surat kepada presiden Jawatankuasa Olimpik Antarabangsa yang memprotes \"politikisasi Olimpik\" China, memetik peta penyalaan obor di laman web rasmi Olimpik Beijing yang menggambarkan pulau-pulau yang dipertikaikan sebagai wilayah China dan menyiarkannya di blognya. Suatu hari sebelum relay bermula, laman web rasmi kelihatan telah dikemas kini untuk menghapuskan pulau-pulau yang dipertikaikan dan garis putus-putus menandakan tuntutan maritim China di Laut China Selatan. <> Berapa ramai orang yang memprotes China ditangkap di Hanoi sebelum perhimpunan? || tujuh <> Blogger yang menyeru demonstrasi ditangkap kerana pengelakan cukai? || \u0110i\u1ebfu C\u00e0y <> Yang obor torchbearer menghantar surat protes kepada presiden Jawatankuasa Olimpik Antarabangsa? || L\u00ea Minh Phi\u1ebfu <> Berapa ramai penunjuk perasaan yang ditangkap di Hanoi sebelum perhimpunan? || tujuh <> Apakah nama sebenar blogger \u0110i\u1ebfu C\u00e0y? || Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n H\u1ea3i <> Walaupun dia mendesak untuk demonstrasi di Vietnam, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n H\u1ea3i didakwa dengan apa kejahatan? || pengelakan cukai. <> Apakah nama tukang sulap yang menulis surat kepada presiden IOC tentang percanggahan di laman web? || L\u00ea Minh Phi\u1ebfu <> Apa yang telah dikeluarkan dari laman web yang ditulis oleh L\u00ea Minh Phi\u1ebfu? || pulau-pulau yang dipertikaikan dan garis-garis bertitik menandakan tuntutan maritim China", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people protesting China were arrested in Hanoi prior to the rally?", "id": "56d973fedc89441400fdb498", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which blogger calling for demonstrations was arrested for tax evasion?", "id": "56d973fedc89441400fdb499", "answers": [{"text": "\u0110i\u1ebfu C\u00e0y", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which torchbearer sent a letter of protest to the president of the International Olympic Committee?", "id": "56d973fedc89441400fdb49a", "answers": [{"text": "L\u00ea Minh Phi\u1ebfu", "answer_start": 542}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many protesters were arrested in Hanoi prior to the rally?", "id": "56db6b68e7c41114004b50c7", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is blogger \u0110i\u1ebfu C\u00e0y's real name?", "id": "56db6b68e7c41114004b50c8", "answers": [{"text": "Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n H\u1ea3i", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Though he urged for demonstrations in Vietnam, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n H\u1ea3i was charged with what crime?", "id": "56db6b68e7c41114004b50c9", "answers": [{"text": "tax evasion.", "answer_start": 431}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the torchbearer who wrote a letter to the IOC president about discrepancies on a website?", "id": "56db6b68e7c41114004b50ca", "answers": [{"text": "L\u00ea Minh Phi\u1ebfu", "answer_start": 542}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was removed from the website that L\u00ea Minh Phi\u1ebfu had written about?", "id": "56db6b68e7c41114004b50cb", "answers": [{"text": "disputed islands and dotted lines marking China's maritime claims", "answer_start": 1001}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Prior to the rally, seven anti-China protestors were arrested in Hanoi after unfurling a banner and shouting \"Boycott the Beijing Olympics\" through a loudhailer at a market. A Vietnamese American was deported for planning protests against the torch, while a prominent blogger, \u0110i\u1ebfu C\u00e0y (real name Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n H\u1ea3i), who blogged about protests around the world and who called for demonstrations in Vietnam, was arrested on charges of tax evasion. Outside Vietnam, there were protests by overseas Vietnamese in Paris, San Francisco and Canberra. L\u00ea Minh Phi\u1ebfu, a torchbearer who is a Vietnamese law student studying in France, wrote a letter to the president of the International Olympic Committee protesting China's \"politicisation of the Olympics\", citing maps of the torch relay at the official Beijing Olympic website depicting the disputed islands as Chinese territory and posted it on his blog. One day before the relay was to start, the official website appeared to have been updated to remove the disputed islands and dotted lines marking China's maritime claims in the South China Sea."}], ["Terdapat beberapa protes di sepanjang laluan relay obor. Ahli-ahli Perikatan Hong Kong dalam menyokong Pergerakan Demokratik Patriotik di China, termasuk aktivis pro-demokrasi Szeto Wah, melambai kebakaran baru plastik kembung Olimpik, yang mereka kata melambangkan demokrasi. Mereka mahu akauntabiliti untuk protes Tiananmen Square tahun 1989 dan pelaksanaan demokrasi di Hong Kong. Aktivis politik dan anggota Majlis Undangan Leung Kwok-hung (Longhair) juga menyertai protes itu, berkata \"Saya sangat bangga bahawa di Hong Kong kita masih mempunyai orang yang berani untuk bersuara.\" Aktivis pro-demokrasi ditimpa oleh orang ramai penyokong obor dengan penghinaan seperti \"anjing berjalan,\" \"pengkhianat,\" \"keluar !,\" dan \"Saya suka Parti Komunis.\" Pada masa yang sama, kira-kira 10 anggota Barisan Hak Asasi Manusia Sivil mempunyai sepanduk oren yang menyeru penambahbaikan hak asasi manusia dan hak pilih sejagat. Para penonton berkata \"Bukankah kamu orang Cina?\" dalam Mandarin putonghua kerana mereka cuba menutup spanduk oren dengan bendera kebangsaan Cina yang besar. Seorang wanita mempunyai tanda oren yang mengatakan, \"Olimpik api untuk demokrasi\", sementara seorang lelaki membawa poster dengan tangki dan slogan \"Satu dunia, dua mimpi\". Seorang pelajar universiti dan bekas tuan rumah radio RDHK Christina Chan membalut bendera singa salju Tibet di sekeliling tubuhnya dan kemudiannya melambai. Beberapa penonton memandang Chan, sambil menjerit \"Orang Cina macam mana?\" dan \"Sayang sekali!\" Akhirnya, dia dan beberapa penunjuk perasaan telah ditangkap oleh pihak berkuasa melalui kenderaan polis \"untuk perlindungan mereka sendiri.\" Chan kini [ketika] menyaman kerajaan Hong Kong, mendakwa bahawa hak asasi manusia telah dilanggar. (nombor kes HCAL139 / 08) <> Apakah Perikatan Hong Kong dalam Sokongan Pergerakan Demokratik Patriotik di China melambangkan lambang demokrasi? || api Olimpik plastik <> Kumpulan ini mahu akauntabiliti untuk apa acara 1989? || Bantahan Tiananmen Square <> Siapa yang membalut bendera Tibet di sekeliling tubuhnya dan kemudian melambai? || Christina Chan <> Siapa yang membuang Chan dari protes? || polis <> Mengapa Chan menyaman kerajaan Hong Kong? || hak asasi manusia telah dilanggar. <> Sesetengah orang melambai nyala api plastik, mengatakan mereka melambangkan apa? || demokrasi. <> Siapa bangga bahawa Hong Kong masih mempunyai orang yang berani bercakap? || Leung Kwok-hung <> Apakah radio host Christina Chan pakai sebelum melambai? || Bendera singa salju Tibet", {"qas": [{"question": "What did Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China members wave to symbolize democracy?", "id": "56d97560dc89441400fdb4aa", "answers": [{"text": "plastic Olympic flames", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "This group wanted accountability for what 1989 event?", "id": "56d97560dc89441400fdb4ab", "answers": [{"text": "Tiananmen Square protests", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrapped a Tibetan flag around her body and later waved it?", "id": "56d97560dc89441400fdb4ac", "answers": [{"text": "Christina Chan", "answer_start": 1242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who removed Chan from the protest?", "id": "56d97560dc89441400fdb4ad", "answers": [{"text": "police", "answer_start": 1531}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why is Chan suing the Hong Kong government?", "id": "56d97560dc89441400fdb4ae", "answers": [{"text": "her human rights were breached.", "answer_start": 1640}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some people waved plastic inflated flames, saying they symbolize what?", "id": "56db70ebe7c41114004b5111", "answers": [{"text": "democracy.", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was proud that Hong Kong still has brave people speaking out?", "id": "56db70ebe7c41114004b5112", "answers": [{"text": "Leung Kwok-hung", "answer_start": 446}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did radio host Christina Chan wear before waving it?", "id": "56db70ebe7c41114004b5114", "answers": [{"text": "Tibetan snow lion flag", "answer_start": 1269}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There were several protests along the torch relay route. Members of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, including pro-democracy activist Szeto Wah, waved novelty inflatable plastic Olympic flames, which they said symbolised democracy. They wanted accountability for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and the implementation of democracy in Hong Kong. Political activist and Legislative Council member Leung Kwok-hung (Longhair) also joined the protest, saying \"I'm very proud that in Hong Kong we still have people brave enough to speak out.\" Pro-democracy activists were overwhelmed by a crowd of torch supporters with insults like \"running dog,\" \"traitor,\" \"get out!,\" and \"I love the Communist Party.\" At the same time, about 10 members of the Civil Human Rights Front had orange banners calling for human rights improvements and universal suffrage. Onlookers were saying \"Aren't you Chinese?\" in Mandarin putonghua as they tried to cover the orange banners with a large Chinese national flag. One woman had an orange sign that said, \"Olympic flame for democracy\", while a man carried a poster with a tank and the slogan \"One world, two dreams\". A university student and former RDHK radio host Christina Chan wrapped the Tibetan snow lion flag around her body and later began waving it. Several onlookers heckled Chan, shouting \"What kind of Chinese are you?\" and \"What a shame!\" In the end, she and some of the protesters were taken away against their will by the authorities via a police vehicle \"for their own protection.\" Chan is currently[when?] suing the Hong Kong government, claiming her human rights were breached. (case number HCAL139/08)"}], ["Pada 17 April, Xinhua mengutuk apa yang disebut \"liputan bias rusuhan Lhasa dan penyampai lampu suluh Olimpik oleh Rangkaian Berita Kabel (CNN) yang berpangkalan di A.S.\". Pada hari yang sama, kerajaan China menyeru CNN untuk \"meminta maaf\" kerana didakwa menghina rakyat China, dan kerana \"cuba menghasut rakyat China terhadap kerajaan\". CNN mengeluarkan kenyataan pada 14 April, membalas kepada China mengenai komen 'samseng dan goon' oleh Jack Cafferty. <> Siapa yang menuduh laporan yang berat sebelah Xinhua pada 17 April? || CNN <> Siapa dituduh berat sebelah pada 17 April oleh Xinhua? || CNN <> Siapa yang mahu CNN minta maaf atas penghinaannya kepada orang-orang Cina? || kerajaan China", {"qas": [{"question": " Who did Xinhua accuse of biased reporting on April 17?", "id": "56d9868bdc89441400fdb4ee", "answers": [{"text": "CNN", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was accused of bias on April 17 by Xinhua?", "id": "56db785ee7c41114004b516d", "answers": [{"text": "CNN", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wanted CNN to apologize for its insult to Chinese people?", "id": "56db785ee7c41114004b516e", "answers": [{"text": "the Chinese government", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On April 17, Xinhua condemned what it called \"biased coverage of the Lhasa riots and the Olympic torch relay by the U.S.-based Cable News Network (CNN)\". The same day, the Chinese government called on CNN to \"apologise\" for having allegedly insulted the Chinese people, and for \"attempting to incite the Chinese people against the government\". CNN issued a statement on April 14, responded to China over 'thugs and goons' comment by Jack Cafferty."}], ["Pada 4 April, dilaporkan bahawa kerajaan China muncul menjalankan laman web anti-CNN yang mengkritik liputan rangkaian kabel peristiwa baru-baru ini. Laman ini mendakwa telah dicipta oleh warganegara Beijing. Walau bagaimanapun, koresponden asing di Beijing menyuarakan kecurigaan bahawa Anti-cnn boleh menjadi laman web separa kerajaan. Jurucakap kerajaan China menegaskan laman web itu secara spontan ditubuhkan oleh warganegara China yang marah atas liputan media. <> Apakah kerajaan China dilaporkan berjalan pada 4 April? || tapak web anti-CNN <> Siapa yang sepatutnya membuat laman web ini? || warganegara Beijing. <> Siapa yang mengambil kredit untuk membuat laman web ini? || warganegara Beijing. <> Siapa yang merasakan kerajaan terlibat dalam laman web ini? || wartawan asing", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the Chinese government reported running on April 4?", "id": "56d98886dc89441400fdb4fe", "answers": [{"text": "an anti-CNN website", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who supposedly created the site?", "id": "56d98886dc89441400fdb4ff", "answers": [{"text": "a Beijing citizen.", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who takes credit for creating the site?", "id": "56db792ce7c41114004b517e", "answers": [{"text": "a Beijing citizen.", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who felt that the government was involved in the website?", "id": "56db792ce7c41114004b517f", "answers": [{"text": "foreign correspondents", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On April 4, it was reported that the Chinese government appeared to be running an anti-CNN website that criticizes the cable network\u2019s coverage of recent events. The site claims to have been created by a Beijing citizen. However, foreign correspondents in Beijing voiced suspicions that Anti-cnn may be a semi-government-made website. A Chinese government spokesman insisted the site was spontaneously set up by a Chinese citizen angered over media coverage."}], ["Pada 20 April, People's Daily menerbitkan laporan bertajuk \"Rali China Luar Negara melawan liputan media yang berat sebelah, untuk Sukan Olimpik\". Ia termasuk imej orang Cina yang menunjukkan di Perancis, United Kingdom, Jerman dan Amerika Syarikat. Satu gambar menunjukkan penunjuk perasaan Cina memegang tanda yang mendakwa, tidak betul, bahawa BBC tidak melaporkan Jin Jing. The People's Daily memetik seorang penunjuk perasaan yang mendakwa \"BBC pada beberapa peristiwa baru-baru ini telah menyesatkan orang awam Inggeris dan seluruh dunia dengan menyediakan laporan yang tidak benar dan liputan yang berat sebelah.\" <> Siapa yang menerbitkan \"Rali Cina Luar Negara melawan liputan media yang berat sebelah\" pada 20 April? || People's Daily <> Penerbitan mana yang menerbitkan laporan mengenai perhimpunan Cina terhadap kecenderungan media? || Harian Rakyat", {"qas": [{"question": "Who published \"Overseas Chinese rally against biased media coverage\" on April 20?", "id": "56d98814dc89441400fdb4fa", "answers": [{"text": "People's Daily", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which publication published a report about the Chinese rallying against media bias?", "id": "56db78e9e7c41114004b5179", "answers": [{"text": "People's Daily", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On April 20, the People's Daily published a report entitled \"Overseas Chinese rally against biased media coverage, for Olympics\". It included images of Chinese people demonstrating in France, the United Kingdom, Germany and the United States. One picture showed Chinese demonstrators holding a sign which claimed, incorrectly, that the BBC had not reported on Jin Jing. The People's Daily quoted one protestor who claimed the \"BBC on some of the recent events has misled the British public and the rest of the world by providing intensive untruthful reports and biased coverage.\""}], ["Laporan mengenai relay Delhi juga sama. Walaupun para penembak sulung yang dicadangkan Kiran Bedi, Soha Ali Khan, Sachin Tendulkar dan Bhaichung Bhutia semuanya menarik diri dari acara itu, laman web rasmi China untuk penyampai itu melaporkan \"penembak sulap India bersumpah untuk berlari untuk semangat Olimpik\", dan dikutip torchbearers Manavjit Singh Sandhu, Abhinav Bindra , Ayaan Ali Khan dan Rajinder Singh Rahelu yang menyatakan bahawa sukan dan politik tidak harus bercampur-campur. <> Walaupun beberapa pembawa obor menarik diri dari relay obor, laman web rasmi untuk China menyatakan bahawa peserta obor India bersumpah untuk berlari untuk apa? || semangat Sukan Olimpik <> Apa yang Ayaan Ali Khan dan Manavjit Singh Sandhu katakan tidak harus bercampur-campur? || sukan dan politik <> Walaupun empat berundur, dilaporkan bahawa pembawa obor India bersumpah kepada apa? || berlari untuk semangat Olimpik <> Beberapa penunjuk lampu berkata apa dua perkara tidak boleh digabungkan? || sukan dan politik", {"qas": [{"question": "Though several torchbearers withdrew from the torch relay, the official website for China stated that Indian torch participants vowed to run for what?", "id": "56d97d8ddc89441400fdb4e4", "answers": [{"text": "spirit of Olympics", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Ayaan Ali Khan and Manavjit Singh Sandhu say should not be mixed?", "id": "56d97d8ddc89441400fdb4e5", "answers": [{"text": "sports and politics", "answer_start": 409}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Though four withdrew, it was reported that Indian torchbearers vowed to what?", "id": "56db76fde7c41114004b515a", "answers": [{"text": "run for spirit of Olympics", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Several torchbearers said what two things should not be combined?", "id": "56db76fde7c41114004b515b", "answers": [{"text": "sports and politics", "answer_start": 409}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Reports on the Delhi relay were similarly distinct. Despite intended torchbearers Kiran Bedi, Soha Ali Khan, Sachin Tendulkar and Bhaichung Bhutia all withdrawing from the event, the official Chinese website for the relay reported \"Indian torchbearers vow to run for spirit of Olympics\", and quoted torchbearers Manavjit Singh Sandhu, Abhinav Bindra, Ayaan Ali Khan and Rajinder Singh Rahelu all stating that sports and politics should not be mixed."}], ["Pada 19 April, BBC melaporkan bahawa 1,300 orang telah berkumpul di luar bangunan BBC di Manchester dan London, yang membantah apa yang mereka sebutkan sebagai kecenderungan media Barat. Beberapa hari sebelum ini, BBC telah menerbitkan artikel berjudul \"Cabaran pelaporan di China\", menanggapi kritikan awal. Wartawan BBC Paul Danahar menyatakan bahawa orang Cina kini \"dapat mengakses laman web BBC News untuk pertama kalinya, selepas bertahun-tahun penapisan yang ketat\", dan \"banyak yang kritis terhadap liputan kami\". Beliau memberikan pembaca dengan peringatan penapisan di China, dan menambah: \"Orang yang mengkritik media untuk liputan mereka di Tibet harus mengakui bahawa kami dan masih dilarang melaporkan di sana.\" Beliau juga memetik jawapan Cina kritikal, dan menjemput pembaca memberi komen. <> Artikel apakah yang disiarkan BBC mengenai China beberapa hari sebelum ini? || Cabaran pelaporan di China <> Yang menyatakan bahawa orang Cina boleh mengakses laman web berita BBC selepas bertahun-tahun tidak dapat? || Paul Danahar <> Berapa banyak orang yang berkumpul di protes di kedua bangunan ini? || 1,300 <> Yang berkomentar bahawa orang Cina boleh melihat laman berita BBC buat kali pertama? || Paul Danahar <> Di manakah BBC diharamkan daripada melaporkan? || Tibet", {"qas": [{"question": "What article did BBC put out about China just days earlier?", "id": "56d987b2dc89441400fdb4f4", "answers": [{"text": "The challenges of reporting in China", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who stated that Chinese people could access the BBC news website after years of not being able to?", "id": "56d987b2dc89441400fdb4f5", "answers": [{"text": "Paul Danahar", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people gathered in protest at these two buildings?", "id": "56db78b8e7c41114004b5172", "answers": [{"text": "1,300", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who commented that Chinese people can look at the BBC news site for the first time?", "id": "56db78b8e7c41114004b5173", "answers": [{"text": "Paul Danahar", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is BBC banned from reporting?", "id": "56db78b8e7c41114004b5174", "answers": [{"text": "Tibet", "answer_start": 630}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On April 19, the BBC reported that 1,300 people had gathered outside BBC buildings in Manchester and London, protesting against what they described as Western media bias. Several days earlier, the BBC had published an article entitled \"The challenges of reporting in China\", responding to earlier criticism. The BBC's Paul Danahar noted that Chinese people were now \"able to access the BBC News website for the first time, after years of strict censorship\", and that \"many were critical of our coverage\". He provided readers with a reminder of censorship in China, and added: \"People who criticise the media for their coverage in Tibet should acknowledge that we were and still are banned from reporting there.\" He also quoted critical Chinese responses, and invited readers to comment."}], ["Di Jepun, Datuk Bandar Nagano, Shoichi Washizawa mengatakan bahawa ia telah menjadi \"gangguan besar\" bagi bandar untuk menyelenggarakan relay obor sebelum kaki Nagano. Pembantu Washizawa berkata ucapan Datuk Bandar itu bukan kritikan tentang relay itu sendiri tetapi mengenai gangguan yang berpotensi dan kekeliruan di sekitarnya. Seorang pegawai bandar di Pejabat Nagano City mengejek protes di Eropah, dia berkata \"Mereka melakukan sesuatu yang bodoh\", dalam wawancara televisyen. Nagano City secara rasmi memohon maaf kemudian dan menjelaskan apa yang dia ingin katakan adalah \"Protes ganas seperti itu tidak mudah diterima\". Juga memetik kebimbangan mengenai protes serta keganasan baru-baru ini di Tibet, sebuah kuil Buddha utama di Nagano membatalkan rancangannya untuk menjadi tuan rumah peringkat pembukaan penyampai obor Olimpik, kuil ini telah dirusak oleh orang yang tidak dikenal pasti hari selepas membalas dendam , <> Siapa Datuk Bandar Nagano? || Shoichi Washizawa <> Bagaimana Washizawa merujuk kepada bandar yang mempunyai geganti obor? || gangguan yang hebat <> Apa yang telah diruntuhkan selepas peristiwa relay dibatalkan di sana? || kuil Buddha utama <> Siapa Datuk Bandar Nagano? || Shoichi Washizawa <> Apa yang dia panggil peluang untuk Nagano untuk menjadi tuan rumah acara obor? || gangguan besar <> Di manakah upacara pembukaan inital yang akan diadakan di Nagano? || kuil Buddha utama", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the mayor of Nagano?", "id": "56d98b11dc89441400fdb534", "answers": [{"text": "Shoichi Washizawa", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did Washizawa refer to the city having the torch relay?", "id": "56d98b11dc89441400fdb535", "answers": [{"text": "great nuisance", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was vandalized after a relay event was cancelled there?", "id": "56d98b11dc89441400fdb536", "answers": [{"text": "a major Buddhist temple", "answer_start": 659}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the mayor of Nagano?", "id": "56db7c94e7c41114004b51a5", "answers": [{"text": "Shoichi Washizawa", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did he call the opportunity for Nagano to host the torch event?", "id": "56db7c94e7c41114004b51a6", "answers": [{"text": "great nuisance", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the inital opening ceremony to be held in Nagano?", "id": "56db7c94e7c41114004b51a7", "answers": [{"text": "a major Buddhist temple", "answer_start": 659}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Japan, the Mayor of Nagano, Shoichi Washizawa said that it has become a \"great nuisance\" for the city to host the torch relay prior to the Nagano leg. Washizawa's aides said the mayor's remark was not criticism about the relay itself but about the potential disruptions and confusion surrounding it.\u3000A city employee of the Nagano City Office ridiculed the protests in Europe, he said \"They are doing something foolish\", in a televised interview. Nagano City officially apologized later and explained what he had wanted to say was \"Such violent protests were not easy to accept\". Also citing concerns about protests as well as the recent violence in Tibet, a major Buddhist temple in Nagano cancelled its plans to host the opening stage of the Olympic torch relay, this temple was vandalised by an un-identified person the day after in apparent revenge,"}], ["Jawatankuasa Penganugerahan Olimpik Beijing menghantar satu pasukan 30 atlet yang tidak bersenjata yang dipilih dari Polis Bersenjata Rakyat untuk mengawal api sepanjang perjalanannya. Menurut Asian Times, bersumpah sebagai \"Unit Perlindungan Flame Olimpik Beijing\" semasa majlis pada bulan Ogos 2007, tugas utama mereka adalah untuk menjaga kebakaran Olimpik sepanjang perjalanan dan membantu dalam memindahkan api antara obor, lampu dan kuali. Mereka memakai baju renang biru yang hampir sama dan bertujuan menemani obor setiap langkah. Salah seorang pembantu obor, yang digelar \"Kanan Kanan Kedua,\" telah membangunkan pangkalan kipas dalam talian yang ketara, terutamanya di kalangan pengguna perempuan China. <> Berapa ramai atendan menemani nyala saat ia bergerak? || 30 <> Bilakah 30 orang ahli pasukan bersumpah? || Ogos 2007 <> Apa baju pasukan rasmi mereka? || padanan lagu biru <> yang mana ahli pasukan mempunyai peminat sendiri berikut? || Kanan Kedua Kanan <> Berapa ramai atendan yang digunakan dari Polis Bersenjata Rakyat untuk perjalanan keseluruhan api? || 30 <> Bilakah ini 30 sumpah? || Ogos 2007 <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh 30 atasan ini? || tracksuits biru <> Apa petugas yang mempunyai pangkalan penggemar yang besar dipanggil? || Kanan Kedua Kakak", {"qas": [{"question": "How many attendants accompanied the flame during it's travels?", "id": "56d98906dc89441400fdb502", "answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the 30 team members sworn in?", "id": "56d98906dc89441400fdb503", "answers": [{"text": "August 2007", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were their official team outfits?", "id": "56d98906dc89441400fdb505", "answers": [{"text": "matching blue tracksuits", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which team member has his own fan following?", "id": "56d98906dc89441400fdb506", "answers": [{"text": "Second Right Brother", "answer_start": 597}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many attendants were used from the People's Armed Police for the flame's entire journey?", "id": "56db7a68e7c41114004b5183", "answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were these 30 sworn in?", "id": "56db7a68e7c41114004b5185", "answers": [{"text": "August 2007", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did these 30 attendants wear?", "id": "56db7a68e7c41114004b5186", "answers": [{"text": "blue tracksuits", "answer_start": 481}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the attendant who has a large fan base called?", "id": "56db7a68e7c41114004b5187", "answers": [{"text": "Second Right Brother", "answer_start": 597}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to escort the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the \"Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit\" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed \"Second Right Brother,\" has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens."}], ["Beberapa media Barat telah melaporkan tuduhan China terhadap kecenderungan media Barat. The Daily Telegraph menerbitkan satu pernyataan oleh Duta Besar China ke United Kingdom, Fu Ying, yang menuduh media Barat \"menyerang\" China semasa liputan mereka menyalakan obor. Telegraph juga meminta para pembaca untuk menghantar pandangan mereka sebagai tindak balas kepada soalan \"Adakah Barat menyerang China?\" Laporan BBC melaporkan demonstrasi di Sydney oleh warga Australia Australia \"menyuarakan sokongan untuk Beijing di tengah kontroversi mengenai Tibet\" dan membantah terhadap apa yang mereka lihat sebagai kecenderungan media Barat. Laporan itu menunjukkan penunjuk perasaan yang membawa tanda-tanda yang membacanya \"Malu pada beberapa media Barat\", \"BBC CNN juga terletak\" dan \"Hentikan penyimpangan media!\". Seorang penunjuk perasaan yang ditemubual oleh BBC menyatakan: \"Saya melihat beberapa berita dari CNN, dari BBC, beberapa media [didengar], dan mereka hanya berbohong.\" Pembaharuan juga melaporkan bahawa ia telah dituduh bias oleh media Cina. <> Akhbar Inggeris mana yang menerbitkan pendapat duta besar China bahawa media Barat telah menyerang China dengan liputan obor? || The Daily Telegraph <> Apa akhbar Perancis yang menuduh media Cina menipu? || Kebahagiaan <> Beberapa orang Cina telah menuduh media Barat mengenai apa yang mereka laporkan? || Kecenderungan media Barat. <> Siapa duta besar China ke U.K.? || Fu Ying <> Akhbar mana yang menerbitkan tuduhan ini? || The Daily Telegraph <> Apa akhbar lain yang dituduh bias? || Pengembaraan", {"qas": [{"question": "Which United Kingdom newspaper published a Chinese ambassador's opinion that Western media had demonized China with torch coverage?", "id": "56d97e69dc89441400fdb4ea", "answers": [{"text": "The Daily Telegraph", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What French newspaper did the Chinese media accuse of bias?", "id": "56d97e69dc89441400fdb4eb", "answers": [{"text": "Lib\u00e9ration", "answer_start": 856}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some Chinese have accused Western media of what in their reportings?", "id": "56db779ee7c41114004b5163", "answers": [{"text": "Western media bias.", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Chinese ambassador to the U.K.?", "id": "56db779ee7c41114004b5164", "answers": [{"text": "Fu Ying", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which newspaper published these accusations?", "id": "56db779ee7c41114004b5166", "answers": [{"text": "The Daily Telegraph", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other newspaper was accused of bias?", "id": "56db779ee7c41114004b5167", "answers": [{"text": "Lib\u00e9ration", "answer_start": 856}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some Western media have reported on Chinese accusations of Western media bias. The Daily Telegraph published an opinion piece by the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom, Fu Ying, who accused Western media of \"demonising\" China during their coverage of the torch relays. The Telegraph also asked its readers to send their views in response to the question \"Is the West demonising China?\" The BBC reported on a demonstration in Sydney by Chinese Australians \"voicing support for Beijing amid controversy over Tibet\" and protesting against what they saw as Western media bias. The report showed demonstrators carrying signs which read \"Shame on some Western media\", \"BBC CNN lies too\" and \"Stop media distortion!\". One demonstrator interviewed by the BBC stated: \"I saw some news from CNN, from the BBC, some media [inaudible], and they are just lying.\" Lib\u00e9ration also reported that it had been accused of bias by the Chinese media."}], ["Sebagai tindak balas kepada demonstrasi, kerajaan China cuba menenangkan keadaan, mungkin takut bantahan mungkin tidak dapat dikendalikan seperti yang berlaku pada tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini, termasuk protes anti-Jepun pada tahun 2005. Media dan komentar negara mula memanggil tenang, seperti editorial di People's Daily yang menggesa orang Cina untuk \"mengekspresikan semangat patriotik mereka secara tenang dan rasional, dan menyatakan aspirasi patriotik dengan cara yang teratur dan sah\". Kerajaan juga mula meronda dan menapis forum internet seperti Sohu.com, dengan komen yang berkaitan dengan boikot Carrefour dikeluarkan. Pada hari-hari sebelum boikot yang dirancang, bukti usaha oleh pihak berkuasa China untuk mencetuskan usaha memboikot secara besar-besaran secara online menjadi lebih jelas, termasuk mencari kata-kata yang berkaitan dengan protes Perancis, tetapi protes berlaku di depan kedai Carrefour di Beijing , Changsha, Fuzhou dan Shenyang pada 1 Mei. <> Kerajaan China cuba merobohkan boikot tersebut, cuba mengelak daripada hasil yang sama yang protes pada tahun 2005? || anti-Jepun protes <> Akhbar mana yang menggesa rakyat untuk membantah secara aman? || People's Daily <> Laman web mana yang menyebut pemboikotan Carrefour yang dikeluarkan oleh kerajaan? || Sohu.com <> Bilakah protes di hadapan kedai Carrefour berlaku di China? || 1 Mei <> Kerajaan China tidak mahu mengulangi bantahan apa? || bantahan anti-Jepun pada tahun 2005. <> Akhbar mana yang meminta rakyat China membantah secara aman? || People's Daily <> Yang mengeluarkan Carrefour memboikot ulasan dari beberapa laman web? || kerajaan China <> Pada hari apa protes berlaku di hadapan kedai Carrefour? || 1 Mei.", {"qas": [{"question": "The Chinese government tried to tamper the boycott, trying to avoid a similar outcome to which protests in 2005?", "id": "56d98a32dc89441400fdb522", "answers": [{"text": "anti-Japanese protests", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which newspaper urged citizens to protest peacefully?", "id": "56d98a32dc89441400fdb523", "answers": [{"text": "People's Daily", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which website had mentions of the Carrefour boycott removed by the government?", "id": "56d98a32dc89441400fdb524", "answers": [{"text": "Sohu.com", "answer_start": 554}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did protests in front of Carrefour's stores occur in China?", "id": "56d98a32dc89441400fdb525", "answers": [{"text": "May 1", "answer_start": 953}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Chinese government did not want a repeat of what protests?", "id": "56db7c39e7c41114004b519b", "answers": [{"text": "the anti-Japanese protests in 2005.", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which newspaper asked the Chinese people to protest peacefully?", "id": "56db7c39e7c41114004b519c", "answers": [{"text": "People's Daily", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who removed Carrefour boycott comments from some websites?", "id": "56db7c39e7c41114004b519d", "answers": [{"text": "the Chinese government", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What day did protests occur in front of Carrefour stores?", "id": "56db7c39e7c41114004b519f", "answers": [{"text": "May 1.", "answer_start": 953}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In response to the demonstrations, the Chinese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Chinese people to \"express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner\". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Chinese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1."}], ["Di China, panggilan untuk memboikot Carrefour hypermart Perancis dari 1 Mei mula menyebarkan melalui pesanan teks mudah alih dan bilik sembang dalam talian di kalangan orang Cina pada hujung minggu dari 12 April, menuduh pemegang saham utama syarikat itu, Kumpulan LVMH, menyumbang dana kepada Dalai Lama . Terdapat juga panggilan untuk memperluaskan boikot itu untuk memasukkan barangan mewah Perancis dan produk kosmetik. Penunjuk perasaan Cina menganjurkan pemulauan rantaian runcit milik Carrefour di bandar-bandar utama China termasuk Kunming, Hefei dan Wuhan, menuduh negara Perancis konspirasi pro-pemisahan dan perkauman anti-Cina. Sesetengah bendera Perancis dibakar, ada yang menambahkan Swastika (kerana penangkapannya dengan Nazisme) kepada bendera Perancis, dan menyebarkan mesej dalam talian pendek yang menyeru bantahan besar di hadapan konsulat Perancis dan kedutaan. Sesetengah pembeli yang menegaskan memasuki salah satu kedai Carrefour di Kunming telah disekat oleh pemula yang memakai bendera Cina besar dan dilanggar oleh botol air. Beratus-ratus orang menyertai perhimpunan Anti-Perancis di Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming dan Qingdao, yang cepat merebak ke bandar-bandar lain seperti Xi'an, Harbin dan Jinan. Carrefour menafikan sebarang sokongan atau penglibatan dalam isu Tibet, dan kakitangannya di kedai Cina memakai pakaian seragam yang dihiasi dengan bendera negara China dan topi dengan lambang Olimpik dan juga perkataan \"Beijing 2008\" untuk menunjukkan sokongannya kepada permainan. Usaha itu terpaksa berhenti apabila BOCOG menganggap penggunaan lencana Olimpik rasmi sebagai haram dan melanggar hak cipta. <> Syarikat Perancis mana yang diboikot? || Carrefour <> Carrefour telah diboikot kerana pemegang saham mana? || LVMH Group <> Siapa Kumpulan LVMH yang dituduh menyokong? || Dalai Lama <> Apa yang dibakar semasa pemulauan ini? || bendera Perancis <> Siapa yang dituduh membantu Dalai Lama? || LVMH Group <> Boycotters menuduh Perancis menjadi pro-seccessionist dan apa? || rasisme anti-Cina.", {"qas": [{"question": "Which French company was boycotted?", "id": "56d98998dc89441400fdb518", "answers": [{"text": "Carrefour", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Carrefour was boycotted because of which shareholder?", "id": "56d98998dc89441400fdb519", "answers": [{"text": "LVMH Group", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the LVMH Group accused of supporting?", "id": "56d98998dc89441400fdb51a", "answers": [{"text": "the Dalai Lama", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was burned during these boycotts?", "id": "56d98998dc89441400fdb51b", "answers": [{"text": "the French flag", "answer_start": 688}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was accused of helping the Dalai Lama?", "id": "56db7bd2e7c41114004b5192", "answers": [{"text": "LVMH Group", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Boycotters accused France of being pro-seccessionist and what?", "id": "56db7bd2e7c41114004b5193", "answers": [{"text": "anti-Chinese racism.", "answer_start": 582}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In China, a call to boycott French hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the French nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned French flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the French flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of French consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words \"Beijing 2008\" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright."}], ["Dua pasukan tambahan sebanyak 40 atlet masing-masing akan menemani api di laluan Daratan China. Pengaturan ini bagaimanapun mencetuskan beberapa kontroversi. <> Berapa banyak pasukan tambahan akan membantu dengan laluan Daratan China? || Dua <> Berapakah jumlah ahli dalam kedua-dua pasukan ini? || 40", {"qas": [{"question": "How many additional teams will help with the Mainland China route?", "id": "56db7a9ee7c41114004b518d", "answers": [{"text": "Two", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many members are on each of these two teams?", "id": "56db7a9ee7c41114004b518e", "answers": [{"text": "40", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Two additional teams of 40 attendants each will accompany the flame on its Mainland China route. This arrangement has however sparked several controversies."}], ["Kesatuan yang merancang untuk membantah di relay untuk keadaan hidup yang lebih baik. Penggubal Hong Kong Michael Mak Kwok-fung dan aktivis Chan Cheong, kedua-dua ahli Liga Demokrat Sosial, tidak dibenarkan memasuki Macau. <> Siapakah Michael Mak Kwok-fung? || Penggubal undang-undang Hong Kong", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was Michael Mak Kwok-fung?", "id": "56db74fee7c41114004b5138", "answers": [{"text": "Hong Kong legislator", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A union planned to protest at the relay for better living conditions. Hong Kong legislator Michael Mak Kwok-fung and activist Chan Cheong, both members of the League of Social Democrats, were not allowed to enter Macau."}], ["Media China juga melaporkan mengenai Jin Jing, laman web penyiaran sulung rasmi China yang digambarkan sebagai \"heroik\" dan \"malaikat\", sedangkan media Barat pada mulanya memberi sedikit menyebut - meskipun ada tuntutan China bahawa \"atlet Paralimpik Cina Jin Jing telah memperoleh banyak perhatian dari media \". <> Atlet manakah yang membuat laman web rasmi memanggil malaikat? || Jin Jing <> Yang mana media memberi Jin Jing sedikit notis? || Media barat", {"qas": [{"question": "Which athlete did the official website call an angel?", "id": "56db772fe7c41114004b515f", "answers": [{"text": "Jin Jing", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which media outlets gave Jin Jing little notice?", "id": "56db772fe7c41114004b5160", "answers": [{"text": "Western media", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chinese media have also reported on Jin Jing, whom the official Chinese torch relay website described as \"heroic\" and an \"angel\", whereas Western media initially gave her little mention \u2013 despite a Chinese claim that \"Chinese Paralympic athlete Jin Jing has garnered much attention from the media\"."}], ["Flame Olimpiade sepatutnya terus dinyalakan untuk menyampaikan keseluruhannya. Apabila Obor dimatikan pada waktu malam, di kapal terbang, di cuaca buruk, atau ketika protes (seperti beberapa kali di Paris), Flame Olimpiade dihidupkan dalam satu set 8 tanglung. [Rujukan?] nyalaan obor sentiasa dinyalakan apabila obor mesti mati? || tanglung. <> Obor disiapkan pada waktu malam, di pesawat, semasa ribut dan apa lagi? || semasa protes", {"qas": [{"question": "In what is the torch flame kept lit when the torch must be off?", "id": "56dafb7de7c41114004b4c03", "answers": [{"text": "lanterns.", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The torch is put out at night, on aircraft, during storms and what else?", "id": "56dafb7de7c41114004b4c04", "answers": [{"text": "during protests", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Olympic Flame is supposed to remain lit for the whole relay. When the Torch is extinguished at night, on airplanes, in bad weather, or during protests (such as the several occasions in Paris), the Olympic Flame is kept alight in a set of 8 lanterns.[citation needed]"}]], [["Dalam biologi molekul moden dan genetik, genom adalah bahan genetik organisma. Ia terdiri daripada DNA (atau RNA dalam virus RNA). Genom ini merangkumi kedua-dua gen dan urutan bukan pengkodan DNA / RNA. <> Dalam bidang sains apa genom dikaji? || biologi molekul dan genetik <> Apakah kandungan genom manusia? || DNA <> Apa itu genom virus? || RNA <> Bagaimana saintis mengklasifikasikan RNA sebagai? || <> Apa kandungan molekulnya? || <> Apakah satu perkara yang ada gen? || <> Apa yang termasuk dalam RNA virus? || <> Apa bidang membina pembentukan molekul? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what fields of science is the genome studied?", "id": "56dc544814d3a41400c267bf", "answers": [{"text": "molecular biology and genetics", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the content of the human genome?", "id": "56dc544814d3a41400c267c0", "answers": [{"text": "DNA", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What constitutes the viral genome?", "id": "56dc544814d3a41400c267c1", "answers": [{"text": "RNA", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the genetic material of an organism", "answer_start": 56}], "question": "How do scientists classify RNA as?", "id": "5a591bbb3e1742001a15cf90", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA", "answer_start": 157}], "question": "What does a molecule contain?", "id": "5a591bbb3e1742001a15cf91", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the non-coding sequences of the DNA", "answer_start": 176}], "question": "What is one thing that genes have?", "id": "5a591bbb3e1742001a15cf92", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA", "answer_start": 157}], "question": "What is included in virus RNA?", "id": "5a591bbb3e1742001a15cf93", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "molecular biology and genetics", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "What fields study molecule formation?", "id": "5a591bbb3e1742001a15cf94", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In modern molecular biology and genetics, the genome is the genetic material of an organism. It consists of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA."}], ["Komposisi genom digunakan untuk menggambarkan kandungan genom haploid, yang sepatutnya termasuk ukuran genom, perkadaran DNA yang tidak berulang dan DNA berulang. Dengan membandingkan komposisi genom antara genom, saintis dapat lebih memahami sejarah evolusi genom yang diberikan. <> Apakah istilah yang menyumbang kepada juzuk genap haploid? || Komposisi genom <> Apakah aspek genom yang boleh menghasilkan komposisi genom membantu penyelidik dalam pembelajaran? || sejarah evolusi <> Apakah sejarah genom yang digunakan? || <> Apa yang perlu dimasukkan dalam sejarah genom? || <> Apa yang boleh dipelajari saintis dengan membandingkan DNA berulang dan saiz genom? || <> Istilah apa yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan sejarah DNA? || <> Dengan membandingkan DNA berulang, apa yang dapat difahami oleh saintis sejarah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the term that accounts for the constituents of the haploid genome?", "id": "56dc5baa14d3a41400c26805", "answers": [{"text": "Genome composition", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What aspect of a genome can genome compositions help researchers in learning about?", "id": "56dc5baa14d3a41400c26806", "answers": [{"text": "evolutionary history", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to describe the make up of contents of a haploid genome", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "What is the history of a genome used for?", "id": "5a593c3c3e1742001a15d03a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "genome size, proportions of non-repetitive DNA and repetitive DNA in details", "answer_start": 105}], "question": "What should be included in the history of a genome?", "id": "5a593c3c3e1742001a15d03b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "scientists can better understand the evolutionary history of a given genome", "answer_start": 237}], "question": "What can scientists learn by comparing repetitive DNA and genome size?", "id": "5a593c3c3e1742001a15d03c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Genome composition", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What term is used to describe the history of DNA?", "id": "5a593c3c3e1742001a15d03d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a given genome", "answer_start": 298}], "question": "By comparing repetitive DNA, what can scientists understand the history of?", "id": "5a593c3c3e1742001a15d03e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Genome composition is used to describe the make up of contents of a haploid genome, which should include genome size, proportions of non-repetitive DNA and repetitive DNA in details. By comparing the genome compositions between genomes, scientists can better understand the evolutionary history of a given genome."}], ["Istilah ini dibuat pada tahun 1920 oleh Hans Winkler, profesor botani di University of Hamburg, Jerman. Kamus Oxford mencadangkan nama untuk menjadi gabungan kata-kata gen dan kromosom. Bagaimanapun, lihat omics untuk perbincangan yang lebih teliti. Beberapa perkataan yang berkaitan-beberapa telah wujud seperti bioma, rhizome, membentuk kosa kata yang mana genom sesuai dengan sistematik. <> Siapa yang membentuk genom perkataan? || Hans Winkler <> Dalam tahun apakah genom perkataan pertama kali dibuat? || 1920 <> Pada apa universiti itu Hans Winkler bekerja ketika dia mencipta genom perkataan? || University of Hamburg <> Yang mana dua perkataan yang sama berkongsi etimologi dengan genom? || biome, rhizome <> Apa kata yang dicipta untuk digunakan dalam kajian botani pada tahun 1920? || <> Pada tahun apakah Hans Winkler diupah di Oxford sebagai profesor botani? || <> Bagaimana Universiti Hamburg di Jerman mencadangkan genom datang? || <> Apa dua kata lain yang digunakan sebagai istilah botani yang kerap di University of Hamburg? || <> Apakah perbincangan mengenai istilah botani berlaku pada tahun 1920? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who coined the word genome?", "id": "56dc54a514d3a41400c267c5", "answers": [{"text": "Hans Winkler", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the word genome first created?", "id": "56dc54a514d3a41400c267c6", "answers": [{"text": "1920", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what university was Hans Winkler employed when he created the word genome?", "id": "56dc54a514d3a41400c267c7", "answers": [{"text": "University of Hamburg", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two similar words share etymology with genome?", "id": "56dc54a514d3a41400c267c8", "answers": [{"text": "biome, rhizome", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "genome", "answer_start": 341}], "question": "What word was created to be used in the study of botany in 1920?", "id": "5a591d523e1742001a15cf9a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1920", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "In what year was Hans Winkler hired in Oxford as professor of botany?", "id": "5a591d523e1742001a15cf9b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the name to be a blend of the words gene and chromosome", "answer_start": 136}], "question": "How did the University of Hamburg in Germany suggest genome came about?", "id": "5a591d523e1742001a15cf9c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "biome, rhizome", "answer_start": 293}], "question": "What two other words were used as botany terms frequently at the University of Hamburg?", "id": "5a591d523e1742001a15cf9d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "omics", "answer_start": 206}], "question": "What discussion about botany terms was taking place in 1920?", "id": "5a591d523e1742001a15cf9e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The term was created in 1920 by Hans Winkler, professor of botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany. The Oxford Dictionary suggests the name to be a blend of the words gene and chromosome. However, see omics for a more thorough discussion. A few related -ome words already existed\u2014such as biome, rhizome, forming a vocabulary into which genome fits systematically."}], ["Kedua-dua bilangan pasangan asas dan bilangan gen berbeza-beza dari satu spesies ke satu sama lain, dan hanya ada korelasi antara kedua (suatu pemerhatian yang dikenali sebagai paradoks C-nilai). Pada masa ini, bilangan gen yang paling banyak diketahui ialah sekitar 60,000, bagi protozoan yang menyebabkan trichomoniasis (lihat Senarai genetik eukariotik urutan), hampir tiga kali ganda dalam genom manusia. <> Apakah hubungan antara bilangan pasangan asas dan jumlah pelengkap gen dalam spesies yang dipanggil? || C-value paradoks <> Organisme manakah yang mempunyai gen yang paling? || trichomoniasis <> Berapa banyak gen yang dianggarkan trichomoniasis? || 60,000 <> Berkaitan dengan genom manusia, berapa banyak lagi gen yang mempunyai trichomoniasis? || tiga kali <> Apakah bilangan spesis yang paling banyak diketahui? || <> Berapa banyak gen dalam genom manusia? || <> Apa dua perkara yang berbeza dalam protozoan menyebabkan trichomoniasis? || <> Apakah hubungan antara pasangan asas dan trichomoniasis? || <> Apakah hubungan antara pasangan asas dan genom manusia dipanggil? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the relation between the number of base pairs and total complement of genes in a species called?", "id": "56dc56a414d3a41400c267d9", "answers": [{"text": "C-value paradox", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which organism has the most genes?", "id": "56dc56a414d3a41400c267da", "answers": [{"text": "trichomoniasis", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many genes is the trichomoniasis estimated to have?", "id": "56dc56a414d3a41400c267db", "answers": [{"text": "60,000", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Relative to the human genome, how many more genes does trichomoniasis have?", "id": "56dc56a414d3a41400c267dc", "answers": [{"text": "three times", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "60,000", "answer_start": 252}], "question": "What is the highest known number of species?", "id": "5a5933933e1742001a15d008", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "around 60,000", "answer_start": 245}], "question": "How many genes are in the human genome?", "id": "5a5933933e1742001a15d009", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the number of base pairs and the number of genes", "answer_start": 5}], "question": "What two things vary in the protozoan causing trichomoniasis?", "id": "5a5933933e1742001a15d00a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a rough correlation between the two", "answer_start": 113}], "question": "What is the relationship between base pairs and trichomoniasis?", "id": "5a5933933e1742001a15d00b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the C-value paradox", "answer_start": 174}], "question": "What is the relation between base pairs and the human genome called?", "id": "5a5933933e1742001a15d00c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Both the number of base pairs and the number of genes vary widely from one species to another, and there is only a rough correlation between the two (an observation known as the C-value paradox). At present, the highest known number of genes is around 60,000, for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis (see List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes), almost three times as many as in the human genome."}], ["Sedangkan urutan genom menyenaraikan susunan setiap pangkalan DNA dalam genom, peta genom mengenal pasti mercu tanda. Peta genom kurang terperinci daripada urutan genom dan bantuan dalam menavigasi genom. Projek Genom Manusia telah dianjurkan untuk memetakan dan menyusun genom manusia. Satu langkah asas dalam projek itu adalah pembebasan peta genomik terperinci oleh Jean Weissenbach dan pasukannya di Genoscope di Paris. <> Apakah istilah untuk sesuatu yang menyenaraikan bahagian penting dan penting dalam genom? || Peta genom <> Kumpulan mana yang dicipta untuk menghasilkan peta genom bahan genetik manusia? || Projek Genom Manusia <> Peta genom siapa yang sangat membantu Projek Genom Manusia? || Jean Weissenbach <> Di mana Weissenbach dan rakan-rakannya bekerja? || Genoscope <> Apakah peta genom yang menyenaraikan urutan? || <> Apa urutan genom mengenal pasti? || <> Apakah Genoskop kurang terperinci daripada? || <> Apakah genoskop membantu saintis lakukan? || <> Mengapa Genoskop dibuat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the term for something that lists the important and notable parts of a genome?", "id": "56dc591114d3a41400c267fd", "answers": [{"text": "genome map", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which group was created to generate a genome map of human genetic material?", "id": "56dc591114d3a41400c267fe", "answers": [{"text": "The Human Genome Project", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose genome map greatly aided the Human Genome Project?", "id": "56dc591114d3a41400c267ff", "answers": [{"text": "Jean Weissenbach", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Weissenbach and his colleagues work?", "id": "56dc591114d3a41400c26800", "answers": [{"text": "Genoscope", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "every DNA base in a genome", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "What does a genome map list the order of?", "id": "5a593aad3e1742001a15d030", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the landmarks", "answer_start": 97}], "question": "What does a genome sequence identify?", "id": "5a593aad3e1742001a15d031", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a genome sequence", "answer_start": 147}], "question": "What is a Genoscope less detailed than?", "id": "5a593aad3e1742001a15d032", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "aids in navigating around the genome", "answer_start": 169}], "question": "What does a Genoscope help a scientist do?", "id": "5a593aad3e1742001a15d033", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to map and to sequence the human genome", "answer_start": 246}], "question": "Why was the Genoscope created?", "id": "5a593aad3e1742001a15d034", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Whereas a genome sequence lists the order of every DNA base in a genome, a genome map identifies the landmarks. A genome map is less detailed than a genome sequence and aids in navigating around the genome. The Human Genome Project was organized to map and to sequence the human genome. A fundamental step in the project was the release of a detailed genomic map by Jean Weissenbach and his team at the Genoscope in Paris."}], ["Teknologi penjujukan baru, seperti penjujukan selari secara besar-besaran juga telah membuka prospek penjujukan genom peribadi sebagai alat diagnostik, yang dipelopori oleh Manteia Predictive Medicine. Langkah utama ke arah matlamat itu ialah penyempurnaan pada tahun 2007 daripada genom penuh James D. Watson, salah seorang penemuan struktur DNA. <> Apakah perkembangan terkini dalam kaedah penjujukan? || penjujukan selari secara besar-besaran <> Syarikat manakah yang telah mengetuai cara dalam urutan penjana genetik individu? || Perubatan Prediktif Manteia <> Yang maklumat genetik yang lengkap dicatatkan pada tahun 2007? || James D. Watson <> Apa itu Watson yang terkenal kerana membantu menemui? || struktur DNA <> Apakah Perubatan Predictive Manteia terkenal untuk ditemui? || <> Teknologi apa yang dilakukan oleh James D. Watson untuk menyusun DNA individu? || <> Apa yang telah dimajukan oleh James D. Watson baru-baru ini yang boleh menyebabkan penjujukan genom peribadi? || <> Apakah Perubatan Prediktif Manteia membantu menemui struktur pada tahun 2007? || <> Siapa yang mempelopori menggunakan struktur DNA sebagai alat diagnostik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a recent development in sequencing methods?", "id": "56dc587714d3a41400c267f5", "answers": [{"text": "massive parallel sequencing", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which company has led the way in sequencing of individual genetic makeup?", "id": "56dc587714d3a41400c267f6", "answers": [{"text": "Manteia Predictive Medicine", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose complete genetic information was recorded in 2007?", "id": "56dc587714d3a41400c267f7", "answers": [{"text": "James D. Watson", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Watson famous for helping discover?", "id": "56dc587714d3a41400c267f8", "answers": [{"text": "the structure of DNA", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the structure of DNA", "answer_start": 320}], "question": "What is Manteia Predictive Medicine famous for discovering?", "id": "5a5939ce3e1742001a15d026", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "massive parallel sequencing", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "What technology did James D. Watson develop to sequence individual DNA?", "id": "5a5939ce3e1742001a15d027", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "New sequencing technologies", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What has James D. Watson recently develop that may lead to personal genome sequencing?", "id": "5a5939ce3e1742001a15d028", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "DNA", "answer_start": 337}], "question": "What did Manteia Predictive Medicine help discover the structure of in 2007?", "id": "5a5939ce3e1742001a15d029", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Manteia Predictive Medicine", "answer_start": 166}], "question": "Who pioneered using the DNA structure as a diagnostic tool?", "id": "5a5939ce3e1742001a15d02a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "New sequencing technologies, such as massive parallel sequencing have also opened up the prospect of personal genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool, as pioneered by Manteia Predictive Medicine. A major step toward that goal was the completion in 2007 of the full genome of James D. Watson, one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA."}], ["Apabila orang mengatakan bahawa genom spesies penerbitan seksual telah \"disusun\", biasanya mereka merujuk kepada penentuan urutan satu set autosom dan satu daripada setiap jenis kromosom seks, yang bersama-sama mewakili kedua-dua jenis jantina. Bahkan dalam spesies yang wujud hanya dalam satu jenis kelamin, apa yang digambarkan sebagai \"urutan genom\" boleh dibaca komposit dari kromosom pelbagai individu. Secara umum, frasa \"solek genetik\" kadang-kadang digunakan untuk menandakan genom individu atau organisma tertentu. Kajian tentang sifat-sifat global genom organisma yang berkaitan biasanya dirujuk sebagai genomik, yang membezakannya daripada genetik yang biasanya mengkaji sifat-sifat gen tunggal atau kumpulan gen. <> Apakah sains yang berkaitan dengan ciri-ciri genetik biasa yang dipanggil organisma berkaitan? || Genomik <> Berbeza dengan genomik, genetik biasanya mempelajari apa? || gen tunggal atau kumpulan gen <> Apakah katalog kandungan genetik genetik tertentu? || Sequencing <> Dalam kedua-dua jantina spesies apa yang mungkin sifat-sifat gen menjadi? || <> Istilah apa yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan bagaimana kromosom seks sesuatu spesies dijumpai? || <> Apa yang diketahui sebagai kajian autosom organisma berkaitan? || <> Apa yang dikenali sebagai kajian sifat-sifat tunggal atau kumpulan kromosom seks? || <> Apakah orang merujuk kepada apabila mereka mengatakan spesies wujud dalam satu jantina? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the science that deals with the common genetic characteristics of related organisms called?", "id": "56dc561414d3a41400c267d3", "answers": [{"text": "genomics", "answer_start": 656}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In contrast to genomics, genetics usually studies what?", "id": "56dc561414d3a41400c267d4", "answers": [{"text": "single genes or groups of genes", "answer_start": 745}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the catalog of contents of a particular species' genetic makeup?", "id": "56dc561414d3a41400c267d5", "answers": [{"text": "sequenced", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "may be a composite read from the chromosomes of various individuals", "answer_start": 355}], "question": "In both sexes of a species what may a properties of genes be?", "id": "5a592d173e1742001a15cfe0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"sequenced\"", "answer_start": 75}], "question": "What term is used to show how the sex chromosomes of a species are found?", "id": "5a592d173e1742001a15cfe1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "genomics", "answer_start": 656}], "question": "What is known as the study of autosomes of related organisms?", "id": "5a592d173e1742001a15cfe2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "genetics", "answer_start": 694}], "question": "What is known as the study of the properties of single or groups of sex chromosomes?", "id": "5a592d173e1742001a15cfe3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "they are referring to a determination of the sequences of one set of autosomes and one of each type of sex chromosome", "answer_start": 98}], "question": "What are people referring to when they say species exist in one sex?", "id": "5a592d173e1742001a15cfe4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "When people say that the genome of a sexually reproducing species has been \"sequenced\", typically they are referring to a determination of the sequences of one set of autosomes and one of each type of sex chromosome, which together represent both of the possible sexes. Even in species that exist in only one sex, what is described as a \"genome sequence\" may be a composite read from the chromosomes of various individuals. Colloquially, the phrase \"genetic makeup\" is sometimes used to signify the genome of a particular individual or organism.[citation needed] The study of the global properties of genomes of related organisms is usually referred to as genomics, which distinguishes it from genetics which generally studies the properties of single genes or groups of genes."}], ["Pengembangan teknologi baru telah menjadikannya secara dramatik lebih mudah dan lebih murah untuk melakukan penjujukan, dan bilangan urutan genom lengkap berkembang pesat. Institut Kesihatan Kebangsaan AS mengekalkan salah satu daripada beberapa pangkalan data komprehensif maklumat genomik. Antara beribu-ribu projek jujukan genom yang telah siap termasuk beras, tikus, tumbuhan Arabidopsis thaliana, ikan puffer, dan bakteria E. coli. Pada bulan Disember 2013, saintis pertama mengesahkan keseluruhan genom Neanderthal, spesies manusia yang pupus. Genom itu diekstrak dari tulang kaki dari Neanderthal yang berusia 130,000 tahun yang ditemui di gua Siberia. <> Yang mana agensi kerajaan A.S. menyimpan sejumlah besar maklumat mengenai genom? || Institut Kesihatan Kebangsaan AS <> Apakah mamalia yang mana genomnya telah disusun? || tetikus <> Apakah ikan yang genomnya telah disusun? || ikan puffer <> Bilakah genom Neanderthal dijejaskan? || Disember 2013 <> Berapa tahun lamanya bahan yang digunakan untuk menyusun genom Neanderthal? || 130,000 <> Apa yang telah mengekstrak gen daripada Neanderthal menjadikannya lebih mudah bagi saintis? || <> Apa yang berlaku dengan pengetahuan yang diperoleh dari penjejakan tetikus? || <> Apa yang telah dipelihara saintis sejak tahun 2013? || <> Di manakah bakteria E. coli didapati dijejali? || <> Berapa lama bahan yang digunakan untuk menyusun genom Arabidopsis thaliana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which U.S. government agency keeps a large amount of information on genomes?", "id": "56dc57f714d3a41400c267eb", "answers": [{"text": "US National Institutes of Health", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a mammal whose genome has been sequenced?", "id": "56dc57f714d3a41400c267ec", "answers": [{"text": "mouse", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a fish whose genome has been sequenced?", "id": "56dc57f714d3a41400c267ed", "answers": [{"text": "puffer fish", "answer_start": 401}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Neanderthal's genome sequenced?", "id": "56dc57f714d3a41400c267ee", "answers": [{"text": "December 2013", "answer_start": 443}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old in years was the material that was used to sequence the Neanderthal genome?", "id": "56dc57f714d3a41400c267ef", "answers": [{"text": "130,000", "answer_start": 599}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sequencing", "answer_start": 86}], "question": "What has extracting genes from a Neanderthal made it easier for scientists to do?", "id": "5a59373d3e1742001a15d01c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "growing rapidly", "answer_start": 145}], "question": "What is happening with the knowledge gained from sequencing a mouse?", "id": "5a59373d3e1742001a15d01d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "one of several comprehensive databases of genomic information", "answer_start": 209}], "question": "What have scientists been maintaining since 2013?", "id": "5a59373d3e1742001a15d01e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in a Siberian cave", "answer_start": 634}], "question": "Where has the bacteria E. coli been found to be sequenced?", "id": "5a59373d3e1742001a15d01f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "130,000-year-old", "answer_start": 599}], "question": "How old was the material used to sequence the Arabidopsis thaliana genome?", "id": "5a59373d3e1742001a15d020", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The development of new technologies has made it dramatically easier and cheaper to do sequencing, and the number of complete genome sequences is growing rapidly. The US National Institutes of Health maintains one of several comprehensive databases of genomic information. Among the thousands of completed genome sequencing projects include those for rice, a mouse, the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the puffer fish, and the bacteria E. coli. In December 2013, scientists first sequenced the entire genome of a Neanderthal, an extinct species of humans. The genome was extracted from the toe bone of a 130,000-year-old Neanderthal found in a Siberian cave."}], ["Pada tahun 1976, Walter Fiers di University of Ghent (Belgium) adalah yang pertama menubuhkan urutan nukleotida lengkap genom RNA-genome (Bacteriophage MS2). Tahun depan Fred Sanger menyelesaikan urutan genom genom pertama: Phage \u03a6-X174, daripada pasangan asas 5386. Urutan genom lengkap pertama di antara ketiga-tiga bidang kehidupan telah dikeluarkan dalam tempoh yang singkat pada pertengahan tahun 1990-an: Genom bakteria pertama yang disusun adalah Haemophilus influenzae, yang disiapkan oleh sebuah pasukan di Institut Penyelidikan Genomik pada tahun 1995. A Beberapa bulan kemudian, genom eukariotik pertama telah diselesaikan, dengan urutan 16 kromosom ragi pemangkas Saccharomyces cerevisiae diterbitkan sebagai hasil daripada usaha yang diterajui Eropah yang bermula pada pertengahan 1980-an. Urutan genom pertama untuk arkeon, Methanococcus jannaschii, telah diselesaikan pada tahun 1996, sekali lagi oleh Institut Penyelidikan Genomik. <> Siapa yang merupakan orang pertama yang menyusun genom virus? || Walter Fiers <> Genom virus mana yang membuat urutan Fiers? || Bacteriophage MS2 <> Siapa yang pertama menjejaki genom berasaskan DNA? || Fred Sanger <> Apakah organisasi pertama yang menyusun genom bakteria? || Institut Penyelidikan Genomik <> Dalam tahun apakah genom arkaeon dijejaskan? || 1996 <> Dalam tahun apakah Fred Sanger pertama menubuhkan urutan nucleotide lengkap genom RNA virus? || <> Bilakah Institut Penyelidikan Genome ditubuhkan? || <> Apa yang dilakukan Walter Fiers pada tahun 1996? || <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh Fred Sanger apabila menjadi sebahagian daripada pasukan pada tahun 1995? || <> Apakah nama genom bakteria pertama yang disusun oleh Fred Sanger pada tahun 1995? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the first person to sequence a viral genome?", "id": "56dc575814d3a41400c267e1", "answers": [{"text": "Walter Fiers", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which viral genome did Fiers sequence?", "id": "56dc575814d3a41400c267e2", "answers": [{"text": "Bacteriophage MS2", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was first to sequence a DNA-based genome?", "id": "56dc575814d3a41400c267e3", "answers": [{"text": "Fred Sanger", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization first sequenced a bacterial genome?", "id": "56dc575814d3a41400c267e4", "answers": [{"text": "Institute for Genomic Research", "answer_start": 495}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the archaeon genome sequenced?", "id": "56dc575814d3a41400c267e5", "answers": [{"text": "1996", "answer_start": 836}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1976", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "In what year did Fred Sanger first establish the complete nucleotide sequence of  a viral RNA genome?", "id": "5a5934dc3e1742001a15d012", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1996", "answer_start": 836}], "question": "When was The Institute for Genome Research founded?", "id": "5a5934dc3e1742001a15d013", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The first genome sequence for an archaeon", "answer_start": 750}], "question": "What did Walter Fiers complete in 1996?", "id": "5a5934dc3e1742001a15d014", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The first bacterial genome to be sequenced", "answer_start": 389}], "question": "What did Fred Sanger complete when part of a team in 1995?", "id": "5a5934dc3e1742001a15d015", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Haemophilus influenzae", "answer_start": 444}], "question": "What was the name of the first bacterial genome sequenced by Fred Sanger in 1995?", "id": "5a5934dc3e1742001a15d016", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1976, Walter Fiers at the University of Ghent (Belgium) was the first to establish the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome (Bacteriophage MS2). The next year Fred Sanger completed the first DNA-genome sequence: Phage \u03a6-X174, of 5386 base pairs. The first complete genome sequences among all three domains of life were released within a short period during the mid-1990s: The first bacterial genome to be sequenced was that of Haemophilus influenzae, completed by a team at The Institute for Genomic Research in 1995. A few months later, the first eukaryotic genome was completed, with sequences of the 16 chromosomes of budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae published as the result of a European-led effort begun in the mid-1980s. The first genome sequence for an archaeon, Methanococcus jannaschii, was completed in 1996, again by The Institute for Genomic Research."}], ["Sesetengah organisma mempunyai beberapa salinan kromosom: diploid, triploid, tetraploid dan sebagainya. Dalam genetik klasik, dalam organisma reproduktif seksual (biasanya eukarya) gamete mempunyai separuh jumlah kromosom sel somatik dan genom adalah satu set lengkap kromosom dalam sel diploid. Pemisahan bahan genetik dalam gamet dicapai oleh pemisahan kromosom homolog semasa meiosis. Dalam organisma haploid, termasuk sel-sel bakteria, archaea, dan organel termasuk mitokondria dan kloroplas, atau virus, yang sama sekali mengandungi gen, satu atau set rantai atau linear rantai DNA (atau RNA untuk sesetengah virus), juga membentuk genom . Genom istilah boleh digunakan khusus untuk bermaksud apa yang disimpan pada set lengkap DNA nuklear (iaitu, \"genom nuklear\") tetapi juga boleh digunakan untuk apa yang disimpan dalam organel yang mengandungi DNA mereka sendiri, seperti \"mitokondria genom \"atau\" genom chloroplast \". Di samping itu, genom boleh merangkumi unsur-unsur genetik bukan kromosom seperti virus, plasmids, dan unsur-unsur transposable. <> Gamat mempunyai berapa kromosom berbanding dengan sel somatik? || separuh <> Proses apa yang membahagi kromosom antara gamet? || meiosis <> Apakah dua organel selular yang mengandungi bahan genetik? || mitokondria dan kloroplas <> Apakah contoh istilah yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan jenis virus? || <> Berapa banyak kromosom yang dilakukan oleh organel berbanding dengan kloroplas? || <> Bagaimana bahan genetik yang separa dalam rantai liniar DNA dicapai? || <> Apa satu perkara yang boleh digunakan oleh unsur-unsur transposable? || <> Apa tiga unsur genetik non-kromosom yang boleh membiak bakteria? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "A gamate has how many chromosomes relative to a somatic cell?", "id": "56dc552f14d3a41400c267cd", "answers": [{"text": "half", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What process splits the chromosome between gametes?", "id": "56dc552f14d3a41400c267ce", "answers": [{"text": "meiosis", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two cellular organelles which contain genetic material?", "id": "56dc552f14d3a41400c267cf", "answers": [{"text": "mitochondria and chloroplasts", "answer_start": 512}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "diploid, triploid, tetraploid", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "What are examples of terms used to describe a virus type?", "id": "5a5923c33e1742001a15cfb8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "half the number", "answer_start": 186}], "question": "How many chromosomes do the organelles have compared to the chloroplasts?", "id": "5a5923c33e1742001a15cfb9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "by the segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis", "answer_start": 363}], "question": "How is halving genetic material in linear chains of DNA accomplished?", "id": "5a5923c33e1742001a15cfba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "what is stored on a complete set of nuclear DNA", "answer_start": 750}], "question": "What is one thing the term transposable elements can be applied to mean?", "id": "5a5923c33e1742001a15cfbb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "viruses, plasmids, and transposable elements", "answer_start": 1058}], "question": "What three non-chromosomal genetic elements can bacteria comprise?", "id": "5a5923c33e1742001a15cfbc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some organisms have multiple copies of chromosomes: diploid, triploid, tetraploid and so on. In classical genetics, in a sexually reproducing organism (typically eukarya) the gamete has half the number of chromosomes of the somatic cell and the genome is a full set of chromosomes in a diploid cell. The halving of the genetic material in gametes is accomplished by the segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. In haploid organisms, including cells of bacteria, archaea, and in organelles including mitochondria and chloroplasts, or viruses, that similarly contain genes, the single or set of circular or linear chains of DNA (or RNA for some viruses), likewise constitute the genome. The term genome can be applied specifically to mean what is stored on a complete set of nuclear DNA (i.e., the \"nuclear genome\") but can also be applied to what is stored within organelles that contain their own DNA, as with the \"mitochondrial genome\" or the \"chloroplast genome\". Additionally, the genome can comprise non-chromosomal genetic elements such as viruses, plasmids, and transposable elements."}], ["Perkadaran DNA berulang dikira dengan menggunakan panjang DNA berulang berulang dengan saiz genom. Terdapat dua kategori DNA berulang dalam genom: mengulangi tandem dan mengulangi interspersed. <> Apakah dua jenis DNA berulang yang terdapat dalam genom? || tandem berulang dan ulangi diselingi <> Apa yang terdapat dengan membahagikan saiz DNA berulang dengan panjang jumlah genom? || perkadaran DNA berulang <> Apakah dua contoh saiz genom? || <> Apa yang anda gunakan untuk mengira saiz genom? || <> Bagaimana anda mengira tandem berulang? || <> Apa yang diulangi dibahagikan dibahagikan untuk mendapatkan perkadaran DNA berulang? || <> Apa yang anda dapat apabila membahagikan tandem berulang dengan ulangan yang diselang-seli? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are two types of repetitive DNA found in genomes?", "id": "56dc604614d3a41400c2683b", "answers": [{"text": "tandem repeats and interspersed repeats", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is found by dividing size of repetitive DNA by length of total genome?", "id": "56dc604614d3a41400c2683c", "answers": [{"text": "proportion of repetitive DNA", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "tandem repeats and interspersed repeats", "answer_start": 158}], "question": "What are two examples of genome size?", "id": "5a5958a83e1742001a15d08a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "tandem repeats and interspersed repeats", "answer_start": 158}], "question": "What do you use to calculate genome size?", "id": "5a5958a83e1742001a15d08b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size", "answer_start": 50}], "question": "How do you calculate tandem repeats?", "id": "5a5958a83e1742001a15d08c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "genome size", "answer_start": 91}], "question": "What are interspersed repeats divided by to get the proportion of repetitive DNA?", "id": "5a5958a83e1742001a15d08d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The proportion of repetitive DNA", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What do you get when dividing tandem repeats by interspersed repeats?", "id": "5a5958a83e1742001a15d08e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. There are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats."}], ["Perkadaran DNA tidak berulang dikira dengan menggunakan panjang DNA yang tidak berulang yang dibahagikan dengan saiz genom. Gen pengekodan protein dan gen pengekodan RNA biasanya tidak berulang DNA. Genom yang lebih besar tidak bermakna lebih banyak gen, dan kadar DNA tidak berulang menurun bersama dengan peningkatan saiz genom dalam eukariot yang lebih tinggi. <> Apakah dua jenis DNA yang tidak berulang? || Gen-pengekodan gen dan gen pengekodan RNA <> Dalam eukariota yang lebih tinggi, apa yang mempunyai hubungan songsang dengan saiz genom? || perkadaran DNA yang tidak berulang <> Apakah saiz DNA yang tidak berulang yang dibahagikan untuk mendapatkan perkiraan DNA yang tidak berulang? || saiz genom <> Bagaimana pengkodan protein dikira? || <> Apakah dua contoh eukariot yang lebih tinggi? || <> Apakah yang mempunyai gen lebih banyak pengekodan protein tidak bermakna? || <> Apa yang berkurangan jika gen pengekodan RNA meningkat? || <> Berapakah jumlah gen pengkodan protein yang dibahagikan untuk mendapatkan perkadaran DNA yang tidak berulang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are two types of non-repetitive DNA?", "id": "56dc5f8a14d3a41400c26829", "answers": [{"text": "Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In higher eukaryotes, what has an inverse relationship with genome size?", "id": "56dc5f8a14d3a41400c2682a", "answers": [{"text": "proportion of non-repetitive DNA", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the size of non-repetitive DNA divided by to get the proportion of non-repetitive DNA?", "id": "56dc5f8a14d3a41400c2682b", "answers": [{"text": "genome size", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "How is protein coding calculated?", "id": "5a5955093e1742001a15d076", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes", "answer_start": 117}], "question": "What are two examples of higher eukaryotes?", "id": "5a5955093e1742001a15d077", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "more genes", "answer_start": 223}], "question": "What does having more protein coding genes not mean?", "id": "5a5955093e1742001a15d078", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the proportion of non-repetitive DNA", "answer_start": 239}], "question": "What decreases if RNA coding genes are increased?", "id": "5a5955093e1742001a15d079", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "genome size", "answer_start": 104}], "question": "What is the number of protein-coding genes divided by to get the proportion of non-repetitive DNA?", "id": "5a5955093e1742001a15d07a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size. Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes are generally non-repetitive DNA. A bigger genome does not mean more genes, and the proportion of non-repetitive DNA decreases along with increasing genome size in higher eukaryotes."}], ["Oleh kerana genom sangat kompleks, satu strategi penyelidikan adalah untuk mengurangkan bilangan gen dalam genom kepada minimum dan masih mempunyai organisma yang bertahan. Terdapat kerja eksperimen yang dilakukan pada genom yang minimum untuk organisma sel tunggal dan juga genom yang minimum untuk organisma berbilang selular (lihat biologi Pembangunan). Kerja-kerja ini adalah dalam vivo dan silico. <> Apakah nama untuk bahan pelengkap genetik yang diperlukan untuk hidup? || genom minimum <> Dalam apa percubaan eksperimen adalah eksperimen yang dijalankan pada genom yang minimum? || dalam vivo dan silico <> Apakah strategi penyelidikan untuk memahami silico? || <> Apa yang dilakukan pada silico sel tunggal? || <> Dalam apa dua cara eksperimen dijalankan untuk memahami bagaimana gen hidup? || <> Apakah saintis mahu silico untuk dilakukan dalam percubaan? || <> Apakah saintis belajar untuk memahami bagaimana mereka dapat bertahan dalam pengurangan silico? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a name for the reduced complement of genetic material necessary for an organism to live?", "id": "56dc5e7014d3a41400c26825", "answers": [{"text": "minimal genomes", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what experimental contexts are experiments being carried out on minimal genomes?", "id": "56dc5e7014d3a41400c26826", "answers": [{"text": "in vivo and in silico", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to reduce the number of genes in a genome to the bare minimum", "answer_start": 57}], "question": "What is a research strategy to understand silico?", "id": "5a5952543e1742001a15d06c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "experimental work", "answer_start": 177}], "question": "What is being done on single cell silico?", "id": "5a5952543e1742001a15d06d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in vivo and in silico", "answer_start": 353}], "question": "In what two ways are experiments being carried out to understand how genes survive?", "id": "5a5952543e1742001a15d06e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "survive", "answer_start": 159}], "question": "What do scientists want a silico to do in the experiment?", "id": "5a5952543e1742001a15d06f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "genomes", "answer_start": 217}], "question": "What are scientists studying to understand how they survive a reduction in silico?", "id": "5a5952543e1742001a15d070", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Since genomes are very complex, one research strategy is to reduce the number of genes in a genome to the bare minimum and still have the organism in question survive. There is experimental work being done on minimal genomes for single cell organisms as well as minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms (see Developmental biology). The work is both in vivo and in silico."}], ["Ulang tandem biasanya disebabkan oleh kemerahan semasa replikasi, penyebaran yang tidak sama rata dan penukaran gen, DNA satelit dan mikrosatellites adalah bentuk tandem berulang dalam genom. Walaupun tandem mengulangi mengira bagi bahagian yang ketara dalam genom, bahagian terbesar dalam mamalia adalah jenis lain, berulang-ulang diselang. <> Peralihan yang tidak sama rata boleh mencipta jenis DNA yang berulang-ulang? || Tandem mengulangi <> Apakah dua contoh tandem berulang di dalam DNA? || DNA satelit dan microsatellites <> Apakah jenis DNA berulang yang paling biasa dalam mamalia? || ulangan yang diselang. <> Dalam kumpulan apa tandem berulang di nombor terbesar? || <> Apa yang menyebabkan berulang diselingi? || <> Apakah dua contoh berulang yang diselang? || <> Berapa banyak DNA satelit yang terdapat dalam genom? || <> Apakah penukaran gen yang disebabkan oleh? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Unequal crossing over can create what type of repetitive DNA?", "id": "56dc610914d3a41400c2683f", "answers": [{"text": "Tandem repeats", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two examples of tandem repeats in DNA?", "id": "56dc610914d3a41400c26840", "answers": [{"text": "satellite DNA and microsatellites", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the most common type of repetitive DNA in mammals?", "id": "56dc610914d3a41400c26841", "answers": [{"text": "interspersed repeats.", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mammalian", "answer_start": 282}], "question": "In what group are tandem repeats in the largest number?", "id": "5a595ba13e1742001a15d094", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "What causes interspersed repeats?", "id": "5a595ba13e1742001a15d095", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "satellite DNA and microsatellites", "answer_start": 109}], "question": "What are two examples of interspersed repeats?", "id": "5a595ba13e1742001a15d096", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "significant proportion", "answer_start": 222}], "question": "How much satellite DNA is found in the genome?", "id": "5a595ba13e1742001a15d097", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tandem repeats", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is gene conversion caused by?", "id": "5a595ba13e1742001a15d098", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Tandem repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, satellite DNA and microsatellites are forms of tandem repeats in the genome. Although tandem repeats count for a significant proportion in genome, the largest proportion in mammalian is the other type, interspersed repeats."}], ["Telah didapati bahawa perkadaran DNA tidak berulang dapat banyak berubah antara spesis. Sesetengah E. coli sebagai prokariota hanya mempunyai DNA yang tidak berulang, eukariot yang lebih rendah seperti C. elegans dan lalat buah, masih mempunyai DNA yang lebih tidak berulang daripada DNA berulang. Eukariot yang lebih tinggi cenderung mempunyai DNA yang lebih berulang daripada yang tidak berulang. Dalam sesetengah tumbuhan dan amfibia, perkadaran DNA tidak berulang adalah tidak lebih daripada 20%, menjadi komponen minoriti. <> Apakah satu contoh organisma yang tidak mengandungi sebarang DNA berulang? || E. coli <> Apakah dua organisma yang lebih tidak berulang daripada DNA berulang? || C. elegans dan lalat buah <> Berapakah peratusan DNA yang tidak berulang dalam beberapa genom tumbuhan dan amfibia? || 20% <> Apakah peratusan DNA yang tidak berulang di E. coli? || <> Apakah satu jenis DNA yang hanya mempunyai lalat buah? || <> Apa yang E. coli cenderung mempunyai lebih daripada DNA tidak berulang? || <> Apakah komponen minoriti dalam E. coli? || <> Apa yang ada hanya tumbuh-tumbuhan dan amfibia sahaja? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is an example of an organism which does not contain any repetitive DNA?", "id": "56dc600514d3a41400c26835", "answers": [{"text": "E. coli", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two organisms that have more non-repetitive than repetitive DNA?", "id": "56dc600514d3a41400c26836", "answers": [{"text": "C. elegans and fruit fly", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in some plant and amphibian genomes?", "id": "56dc600514d3a41400c26837", "answers": [{"text": "20%", "answer_start": 421}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "no more than 20%", "answer_start": 408}], "question": "What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in E. coli? ", "id": "5a59573e3e1742001a15d080", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "non-repetitive DNA", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "What one kind of DNA do fruit flies only have?", "id": "5a59573e3e1742001a15d081", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "repetitive DNA", "answer_start": 296}], "question": "What does E. coli tend to have more of than non-repetitive DNA?", "id": "5a59573e3e1742001a15d082", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "non-repetitive DNA", "answer_start": 386}], "question": "What is a minority component in E. coli?", "id": "5a59573e3e1742001a15d083", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "non-repetitive DNA", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "What do some plants and amphibians only have?", "id": "5a59573e3e1742001a15d084", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. Some E. coli as prokaryotes only have non-repetitive DNA, lower eukaryotes such as C. elegans and fruit fly, still possess more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA. Higher eukaryotes tend to have more repetitive DNA than non-repetitive ones. In some plants and amphibians, the proportion of non-repetitive DNA is no more than 20%, becoming a minority component."}], ["Ulangan yang di interspersed terutamanya berasal dari unsur-unsur transposable (TE), tetapi ia juga termasuk beberapa keluarga pengekodan protein dan pseudogenes. Unsur-unsur transposable dapat disatukan ke dalam genom di tapak lain di dalam sel. Adalah dipercayai bahawa TE adalah penggerak penting dalam evolusi genom eukariot yang lebih tinggi. TE boleh dikelaskan ke dalam dua kategori, Kelas 1 (retrotransposon) dan Kelas 2 (transposon DNA). <> Apakah sumber utama ulangi diselingi? || Unsur-unsur transponder <> Apa yang difikirkan oleh para penyelidik unsur-unsur transposable adalah faktor utama apabila mempertimbangkan eukariot yang lebih tinggi? || genom evolusi <> Apakah unsur-unsur unsur-unsur transposable Kelas 1? || retrotransposons <> Apakah unsur-unsur unsur transposable Kelas 2? || Transposon DNA <> Bagaimana pseudogenes dikelaskan? || <> Apakah dua kategori pseudogenes dikelaskan kepada? || <> Di mana sel berasal? || <> Apakah sel-sel termasuk? || <> Apakah pseudogenes boleh lakukan dalam sel? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the main source of interspersed repeats?", "id": "56dc63c214d3a41400c26845", "answers": [{"text": "Transposable elements", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do researchers think transposable elements are key factors in when considering higher eukaryotes?", "id": "56dc63c214d3a41400c26846", "answers": [{"text": "genome evolution", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the constituents of Class 1 transposable elements?", "id": "56dc63c214d3a41400c26847", "answers": [{"text": "retrotransposons", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the constituents of Class 2 transposable elements?", "id": "56dc63c214d3a41400c26848", "answers": [{"text": "DNA transposons", "answer_start": 413}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "into two categories", "answer_start": 352}], "question": "How are pseudogenes classified?", "id": "5a595cd03e1742001a15d09e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Class 1 (retrotransposons) and Class 2 (DNA transposons)", "answer_start": 373}], "question": "What two categories are pseudogenes classified into?", "id": "5a595cd03e1742001a15d09f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "transposable elements", "answer_start": 38}], "question": "Where do cells mainly come from?", "id": "5a595cd03e1742001a15d0a0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "some protein coding gene families and pseudogenes", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "What do cells also include?", "id": "5a595cd03e1742001a15d0a1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to integrate into the genome at another site", "answer_start": 171}], "question": "What are pseudogenes able to do within the cell?", "id": "5a595cd03e1742001a15d0a2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Interspersed repeats mainly come from transposable elements (TEs), but they also include some protein coding gene families and pseudogenes. Transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell. It is believed that TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eukaryotes. TEs can be classified into two categories, Class 1 (retrotransposons) and Class 2 (DNA transposons)."}], ["Kebanyakan entiti biologi yang lebih kompleks daripada virus kadang-kadang atau selalu membawa bahan tambahan genetik selain yang berada di kromosom mereka. Dalam sesetengah konteks, seperti menyusun genom mikroba patogen, \"genom\" dimaksudkan untuk memasukkan maklumat yang disimpan pada bahan tambahan ini, yang dibawa dalam plasmid. Dalam keadaan demikian, \"genom\" menggambarkan semua gen dan maklumat mengenai DNA bukan pengkodan yang berpotensi untuk hadir. <> Apakah satu contoh organisma yang mempunyai sebahagian daripada bahan genetiknya di luar kromosomnya? || mikroba patogen <> Apakah satu contoh organisma yang melengkapi bahan genetik sepenuhnya dalam kromosomnya? || virus <> Di mana bahan genetik tambahan yang terdapat dalam mikrob patogen? || plasmids <> Apakah virus selalu membawa dalam struktur mereka? || <> Di manakah bahan genetik tambahan yang terdapat dalam virus? || <> Apakah perkataan lain yang digunakan untuk genom? || <> Apakah organisme mempunyai sebahagian daripada bahan genetiknya dalam virus? || <> Apa yang kebanyakan virus lebih kompleks daripada plasmid? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is an example of an organism that has a portion of its genetic material outside of its chromosomes?", "id": "56dc5cf614d3a41400c26811", "answers": [{"text": "pathogenic microbe", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of an organism whose full complement of genetic material resides in its chromosomes?", "id": "56dc5cf614d3a41400c26812", "answers": [{"text": "virus", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is additional genetic material found in pathogenic microbes?", "id": "56dc5cf614d3a41400c26813", "answers": [{"text": "plasmids", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "additional genetic material besides that which resides in their chromosomes", "answer_start": 86}], "question": "What do viruses always carry within their structure?", "id": "5a5949883e1742001a15d04e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "plasmids", "answer_start": 332}], "question": "Where is additional genetic material found in a virus?", "id": "5a5949883e1742001a15d04f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "plasmids", "answer_start": 332}], "question": "What is another word used for genome?", "id": "5a5949883e1742001a15d050", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pathogenic microbe", "answer_start": 216}], "question": "What organism has part of its genetic material inside a virus?", "id": "5a5949883e1742001a15d051", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "additional genetic material", "answer_start": 86}], "question": "What do most viruses more complex than plasmids carry?", "id": "5a5949883e1742001a15d052", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Most biological entities that are more complex than a virus sometimes or always carry additional genetic material besides that which resides in their chromosomes. In some contexts, such as sequencing the genome of a pathogenic microbe, \"genome\" is meant to include information stored on this auxiliary material, which is carried in plasmids. In such circumstances then, \"genome\" describes all of the genes and information on non-coding DNA that have the potential to be present."}], ["Walau bagaimanapun, dalam eukariota seperti tumbuh-tumbuhan, protozoa dan haiwan, \"genom\" mempunyai konotasi khas mengenai maklumat mengenai DNA kromosom. Jadi walaupun organisme ini mengandungi kloroplas atau mitokondria yang mempunyai DNA mereka sendiri, maklumat genetik yang terkandung oleh DNA dalam organel ini tidak dianggap sebahagian daripada genom. Malah, mitokondria kadang-kadang dikatakan mempunyai genom sendiri yang sering disebut sebagai \"genom mitokondria\". DNA yang terdapat di dalam kloroplas boleh dirujuk sebagai \"plastome\". <> Apakah contoh-contoh kelas eukariot di mana genom hanya merujuk kepada maklumat yang terdapat dalam kromosom? || tumbuhan, protozoa dan haiwan <> Apakah nama bahan genetik yang terdapat dalam kloroplas? || plastome <> Apakah nama untuk solek genetik mitokondria? || genom mitokondria <> Apakah eukariota yang terdapat dalam mitokondria dipanggil? || <> Apakah contoh-contoh kloroplas? || <> Apakah maksud genom apabila merujuk kepada eukariota seperti mitokondria? || <> Apa yang tidak dianggap sebagai sebahagian daripada plastome? || <> Apa yang ada pada kloroplas yang disebut sebagai genom mitokondria? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are examples of classes of eukaryotes where genome only refers to the information found in chromosomes?", "id": "56dc5d6c14d3a41400c26817", "answers": [{"text": "plants, protozoa and animals", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a name for the genetic material found within chloroplasts?", "id": "56dc5d6c14d3a41400c26819", "answers": [{"text": "plastome", "answer_start": 514}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a name for the genetic makeup of mitochondria?", "id": "56dc5d6c14d3a41400c2681a", "answers": [{"text": "mitochondrial genome", "answer_start": 427}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the \"plastome\"", "answer_start": 509}], "question": "What are the eukaryotes found in the mitochondria called?", "id": "5a594b3b3e1742001a15d058", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "plants, protozoa and animals", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "What are examples of chloroplasts?", "id": "5a594b3b3e1742001a15d059", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "only information on chromosomal DNA", "answer_start": 105}], "question": "What does genome mean when referring to eukaryotes such as mitochondria?", "id": "5a594b3b3e1742001a15d05a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the genetic information contained by DNA within these organelles", "answer_start": 232}], "question": "What is not considered as part of the plastome?", "id": "5a594b3b3e1742001a15d05b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "their own genome", "answer_start": 384}], "question": "What do chloroplasts have that is referred to as the mitochondrial genome?", "id": "5a594b3b3e1742001a15d05c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In eukaryotes such as plants, protozoa and animals, however, \"genome\" carries the typical connotation of only information on chromosomal DNA. So although these organisms contain chloroplasts or mitochondria that have their own DNA, the genetic information contained by DNA within these organelles is not considered part of the genome. In fact, mitochondria are sometimes said to have their own genome often referred to as the \"mitochondrial genome\". The DNA found within the chloroplast may be referred to as the \"plastome\"."}], ["Saiz genom ialah jumlah pasangan DNA DNA dalam satu salinan genom haploid. Saiz genom berkorelasi positif dengan kerumitan morfologi di kalangan prokariota dan eukariota yang lebih rendah; Walau bagaimanapun, selepas moluska dan semua eukariota yang lebih tinggi di atas, korelasi ini tidak lagi berkesan. Fenomena ini juga menunjukkan pengaruh kuat yang berasal dari tindakan DNA berulang pada genom. <> Apakah nama untuk menghitung semua pasangan asas DNA dalam satu genom haploid tunggal? || Saiz genom <> Apakah saiz genom mempunyai hubungan langsung dengan prokariot dan eukariotik yang lebih rendah? || Kerumitan morfologi <> Apakah yang merujuk kepada pecahan hubungan antara saiz genom dan kerumitan morfologi dalam eukariot yang lebih tinggi? || DNA berulang <> Apakah istilah bagi pasangan asas DNA dalam satu eukaryote yang lebih rendah? || <> Apakah jenis hubungan dengan salinan genom haploid dengan moluska yang tidak berkesan? || <> Apa yang mempunyai pengaruh yang kuat terhadap pasangan asas DNA? || <> Apakah genom haploid mempunyai pengaruh kuat? || <> Berapa banyak pasangan asas dalam moluska? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name for the count of all DNA base pairs in a single haploid genome?", "id": "56dc5de314d3a41400c2681f", "answers": [{"text": "Genome size", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does genome size have a direct relationship with in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes?", "id": "56dc5de314d3a41400c26820", "answers": [{"text": "morphological complexity", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What accounts for the breakdown of the relation between genome size and morphological complexity in higher eukaryotes?", "id": "56dc5de314d3a41400c26821", "answers": [{"text": "repetitive DNA", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Genome size", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is the term for the total DNA base pairs in one lower eukaryote?", "id": "5a594d7b3e1742001a15d062", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "morphological complexity", "answer_start": 133}], "question": "What kind of relationship do copies of a haploid genome have with mollusks that isn't effective?", "id": "5a594d7b3e1742001a15d063", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "repetitive DNA", "answer_start": 370}], "question": "What has a strong influence on DNA base pairs?", "id": "5a594d7b3e1742001a15d064", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the genomes", "answer_start": 392}], "question": "What does a haploid genome have strong influence on?", "id": "5a594d7b3e1742001a15d065", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 53}], "question": "How many base pairs are in mollusks?", "id": "5a594d7b3e1742001a15d066", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Genome size is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome. The genome size is positively correlated with the morphological complexity among prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes; however, after mollusks and all the other higher eukaryotes above, this correlation is no longer effective. This phenomenon also indicates the mighty influence coming from repetitive DNA act on the genomes."}], ["Ketika bercakap tentang komposisi genom, seseorang harus membedakan antara prokariota dan eukariota sebagai perbezaan besar pada struktur isi yang mereka miliki. Dalam prokariota, sebahagian besar genom (85-90%) adalah DNA yang tidak berulang, yang bermaksud pengkodan DNA terutama membentuknya, sementara wilayah bukan pengekodan hanya mengambil bahagian yang kecil. Sebaliknya, eukariot mempunyai ciri organisasi exon-intron gen pengekodan protein; variasi kandungan DNA berulang dalam eukariot juga sangat tinggi. Dalam mamalia dan tumbuh-tumbuhan, bahagian utama genom terdiri daripada DNA berulang. <> Apakah dua jenis organisma mempunyai perbezaan yang luar biasa dalam komposisi genomik mereka? || prokariot dan eukariot <> Apa jenis penganjuran yang boleh diperhatikan dalam genom eukaryote? || exon-intron <> Dalam apa jenis eukariota terdapat sejumlah besar DNA bukan pengkodan? || mamalia dan tumbuh-tumbuhan <> Apa yang perlu anda membezakan antara ketika bercakap tentang pengekodan gen? || <> Berapa banyak genom adalah DNA yang tidak berulang dalam eukariota? || <> Apakah struktur utama kandungan yang dibuat di kawasan bukan pengkodan? || <> Apa ciri organisasi yang ada prokaryotes? || <> Kawasan apakah mamalia dan tumbuh-tumbuhan mempunyai perbezaan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What two types of organisms have remarkable differences in their genomic composition?", "id": "56dc5c6214d3a41400c26809", "answers": [{"text": "prokaryotes and eukaryotes", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of organizing can be observed in eukaryote genomes?", "id": "56dc5c6214d3a41400c2680b", "answers": [{"text": "exon-intron", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what types of eukaryotes is there a large amount of non-coding DNA?", "id": "56dc5c6214d3a41400c2680c", "answers": [{"text": "mammals and plants", "answer_start": 488}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prokaryotes and eukaryotes", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "What should you distinguish between when talking about gene coding?", "id": "5a5947703e1742001a15d044", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "(85\u201390%)", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "How much of the genome is non-repetitive DNA in eukaryotes?", "id": "5a5947703e1742001a15d045", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "repetitive DNA", "answer_start": 552}], "question": "What is a major part of contents structure made of in non-coding regions?", "id": "5a5947703e1742001a15d046", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "exon-intron", "answer_start": 357}], "question": "What organization feature do prokaryotes have?", "id": "5a5947703e1742001a15d047", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "contents structure", "answer_start": 123}], "question": "What area do mammals and plants have differences in?", "id": "5a5947703e1742001a15d048", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "When talking about genome composition, one should distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes as the big differences on contents structure they have. In prokaryotes, most of the genome (85\u201390%) is non-repetitive DNA, which means coding DNA mainly forms it, while non-coding regions only take a small part. On the contrary, eukaryotes have the feature of exon-intron organization of protein coding genes; the variation of repetitive DNA content in eukaryotes is also extremely high. In mammals and plants, the major part of the genome is composed of repetitive DNA."}], ["Retrotransposons boleh ditranskripsikan ke dalam RNA, yang kemudiannya diduplikasi di tapak lain ke dalam genom. Retrotransposons boleh dibahagikan kepada Replay terminal panjang (LTRs) dan Repeats Terminal Non-Long (Non-LTR). <> Apakah jenis bahan genetik yang boleh dihasilkan daripada retrotransposon? || RNA <> Apa yang boleh menghasilkan ulang terminal lama? || <> Apa yang berlaku apabila pengulangan terminal panjang ditranskripsikan ke dalam RNA? || <> Apa satu perkara RNA boleh dibahagikan kepada? || <> Apakah genom itu boleh dibahagikan kepada? || <> Di manakah terminal Panjang mengulangi diduplikasi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of genetic material can be produced from retrotransposons?", "id": "56dc63f014d3a41400c2684d", "answers": [{"text": "RNA", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "RNA", "answer_start": 41}], "question": "What can long terminal repeats produce?", "id": "5a595ee03e1742001a15d0a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "are then duplicated at another site into the genome", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "What happens when long terminal repeats are transcribed into RNA?", "id": "5a595ee03e1742001a15d0a9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Long terminal repeats (LTRs)", "answer_start": 142}], "question": "What is one thing RNA can be divided into?", "id": "5a595ee03e1742001a15d0aa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Non-Long Terminal Repeats (Non-LTR)", "answer_start": 175}], "question": "What can the genome also be divided into?", "id": "5a595ee03e1742001a15d0ab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "at another site", "answer_start": 72}], "question": "Where are Long terminal repeats duplicated?", "id": "5a595ee03e1742001a15d0ac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Retrotransposons can be transcribed into RNA, which are then duplicated at another site into the genome. Retrotransposons can be divided into Long terminal repeats (LTRs) and Non-Long Terminal Repeats (Non-LTR)."}], ["Transposon DNA umumnya bergerak dengan \"memotong dan menampal\" dalam genom, tetapi duplikasi juga telah diperhatikan. Kelas 2 TE tidak menggunakan RNA sebagai pertengahan dan popular di bakteria, dalam metazoan ia juga telah dijumpai. <> Apakah istilah yang boleh menggambarkan bagaimana transposon DNA bergerak? || potong dan tampal <> transposon DNA tidak menggunakan bahan genetik yang digunakan oleh Kelas 1 TE? || RNA <> Istilah apa yang menggambarkan bagaimana duplikasi berlaku dalam genom? || <> Apa genom tidak digunakan sebagai perantaraan? || <> Apa yang membantu metozoan bergerak? || <> Dalam organisma apa yang sering kali pertindihan? || <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh metazoan untuk potong dan tampal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a term that can describe how DNA transposons move?", "id": "56dc648d14d3a41400c26851", "answers": [{"text": "cut and paste", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "DNA transposons do not use which genetic material used by Class 1 TEs?", "id": "56dc648d14d3a41400c26852", "answers": [{"text": "RNA", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"cut and paste\"", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "What term describes how duplication happens in the genome?", "id": "5a5961193e1742001a15d0b2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "RNA", "answer_start": 128}], "question": "What do genome not use as intermediate?", "id": "5a5961193e1742001a15d0b3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"cut and paste\"", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "What helps metozoan move?", "id": "5a5961193e1742001a15d0b4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "bacteria", "answer_start": 167}], "question": "In what organism is duplication popular?", "id": "5a5961193e1742001a15d0b5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "move", "answer_start": 26}], "question": "What does cut and paste help metazoan do?", "id": "5a5961193e1742001a15d0b6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "DNA transposons generally move by \"cut and paste\" in the genome, but duplication has also been observed. Class 2 TEs do not use RNA as intermediate and are popular in bacteria, in metazoan it has also been found."}], ["Duplikasi memainkan peranan penting dalam membentuk genom. Duplikasi mungkin terdiri daripada lanjutan berulang-ulang berulang, untuk pertindihan kluster gen, dan semua cara untuk pertindihan keseluruhan kromosom atau seluruh genom. Ulangan semacam ini mungkin penting untuk mewujudkan kebaruan genetik. <> Apa jenis genetik bahan yang mempunyai bahagian besar dalam membuat genom apa itu? || Duplikasi <> Apakah produk kemungkinan duplikasi? || kebaruan genetik <> Apakah peranan yang baru dimainkan genetik dalam genom? || <> Apa jua novel baru genetik? || <> Apakah kluster gen adalah sebahagian besar? || <> Seberapa jauh kebaruan genetik pergi? || <> Apa contoh pertama kebaruan genetik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of generation of genetic material has a big part in making the genome what it is?", "id": "56dc662314d3a41400c2685b", "answers": [{"text": "Duplications", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a possible product of duplications?", "id": "56dc662314d3a41400c2685d", "answers": [{"text": "genetic novelty", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a major role", "answer_start": 18}], "question": "What role does genetic novelty play in the genome?", "id": "5a5964413e1742001a15d0c6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "extension of short tandem repeats, to duplication of a cluster of genes", "answer_start": 81}], "question": "What is the first range of genetic novelty?", "id": "5a5964413e1742001a15d0c7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the creation of genetic novelty", "answer_start": 277}], "question": "What are gene clusters a large part of?", "id": "5a5964413e1742001a15d0c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "all the way to duplication of entire chromosomes or even entire genomes", "answer_start": 158}], "question": "How far can genetic novelty go?", "id": "5a5964413e1742001a15d0c9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "extension of short tandem repeats", "answer_start": 81}], "question": "What is the first example of genetic novelty?", "id": "5a5964413e1742001a15d0ca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Duplications play a major role in shaping the genome. Duplication may range from extension of short tandem repeats, to duplication of a cluster of genes, and all the way to duplication of entire chromosomes or even entire genomes. Such duplications are probably fundamental to the creation of genetic novelty."}], ["Pemindahan gen mendatar digunakan untuk menerangkan bagaimana seringkali kesamaan ekstrem antara bahagian-bahagian kecil genom dua organisma yang berkaitan dengannya. Pemindahan gen mendatar seolah-olah menjadi biasa di kalangan banyak mikrob. Juga, sel-sel eukariotik nampaknya telah mengalami pemindahan beberapa bahan genetik dari chloroplast dan gen mitokondria mereka ke kromosom nuklear mereka. <> Apakah penjelasan mengenai persamaan di antara bahagian yang berbeza dari genom? || Pemindahan gen mendatar <> Di mana organisme melakukan pemindahan gen mendatar kelihatan seperti biasanya? || mikroba <> Sebahagian daripada genom organelle yang dianggap telah berakhir dalam nukleus sel eukariotik melalui pemindahan? || chloroplast dan genom mitokondria <> Apa yang membantu menjelaskan mengapa bahagian-bahagian kloroplas berbeza? || <> Dalam apa organisme sel eukariotik biasa? || <> Apakah pemindahan gen mendatar menjelaskan tentang kromosom nuklear? || <> Di mana bahan pemindahan mikroba dari gen kloroplast dan mitokondria mereka? || <> Apakah pemindahan mikroba kepada kloroplas? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is an explanation for the resemblance between disparate parts of the genome?", "id": "56dc66bb14d3a41400c26861", "answers": [{"text": "Horizontal gene transfer", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which organisms does horizontal gene transfer appear to occur commonly?", "id": "56dc66bb14d3a41400c26862", "answers": [{"text": "microbes", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Parts of which organelle genomes are thought to have ended up in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells via transfer?", "id": "56dc66bb14d3a41400c26863", "answers": [{"text": "chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Horizontal gene transfer", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What helps explain why different parts of chloroplasts are similar?", "id": "5a596a473e1742001a15d0d0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "microbes", "answer_start": 238}], "question": "In what organism are eukaryotic cells common?", "id": "5a596a473e1742001a15d0d1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "What does horizontal gene transfer explain about nuclear chromosomes?", "id": "5a596a473e1742001a15d0d2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to their nuclear chromosomes", "answer_start": 381}], "question": "Where do microbes transfer material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes?", "id": "5a596a473e1742001a15d0d3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "some genetic material", "answer_start": 310}], "question": "What do microbes transfer to chloroplasts?", "id": "5a596a473e1742001a15d0d4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Horizontal gene transfer is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related. Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among many microbes. Also, eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genetic material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to their nuclear chromosomes."}], ["Genom lebih daripada jumlah gen organisma dan mempunyai sifat yang boleh diukur dan dikaji tanpa merujuk kepada butir-butir gen tertentu dan produk mereka. Penyelidik membandingkan ciri-ciri seperti nombor kromosom (karyotype), saiz genom, urutan gen, kecenderungan penggunaan kodon, dan kandungan GC untuk menentukan mekanisme apa yang boleh menghasilkan pelbagai jenis genom yang wujud pada hari ini (untuk gambaran terkini, lihat Brown 2002; Saccone dan Pesole 2003, Benfey dan Protopapas 2004, Gibson dan Muse 2004; Reese 2004; Gregory 2005). <> Apakah perkataan lain untuk kiraan jumlah kromosom? || karyotype <> Selain dari karyotype, apakah ciri-ciri genomik lain yang dikaji oleh saintis? || saiz genom, urutan gen, kecenderungan penggunaan kodon, dan kandungan GC <> Apakah ciri-ciri lain selain karyotype yang dikaji oleh Brown pada tahun 2002? || <> Apakah perkataan lain untuk pesanan gen? || <> Apa kandungan GC yang boleh diukur? || <> Mengapa penyelidik mengira jumlah gen organisma? || <> Apakah dua perkara yang Reese dikaji tentang karyotype pada tahun 2004? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another word for the total count of chromosomes?", "id": "56dc656c14d3a41400c26857", "answers": [{"text": "karyotype", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from karyotype, what are other genomic traits studied by scientists?", "id": "56dc656c14d3a41400c26858", "answers": [{"text": "genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content", "answer_start": 245}], "question": "What were other traits besides karyotype studied by Brown in 2002?", "id": "5a5962da3e1742001a15d0bc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "(karyotype)", "answer_start": 232}], "question": "What is another word for gene order?", "id": "5a5962da3e1742001a15d0bd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "traits", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "What does GC-content have that can be measured?", "id": "5a5962da3e1742001a15d0be", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to determine what mechanisms could have produced the great variety of genomes that exist today", "answer_start": 303}], "question": "Why do researchers calculate the sum of an organisms genes?", "id": "5a5962da3e1742001a15d0bf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "genome size, gene order", "answer_start": 245}], "question": "What are two things that Reese studied about karyotype in 2004?", "id": "5a5962da3e1742001a15d0c0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Genomes are more than the sum of an organism's genes and have traits that may be measured and studied without reference to the details of any particular genes and their products. Researchers compare traits such as chromosome number (karyotype), genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content to determine what mechanisms could have produced the great variety of genomes that exist today (for recent overviews, see Brown 2002; Saccone and Pesole 2003; Benfey and Protopapas 2004; Gibson and Muse 2004; Reese 2004; Gregory 2005)."}]], [["Peratusan pelajar yang menghadiri Gesamtschule berbeza dengan Bundesland. Di Negeri Brandenburg lebih daripada 50% semua pelajar menghadiri Gesamtschule pada tahun 2007, sementara di Negeri Bavaria kurang dari 1%. <> Berapa peratus daripada pelajar Brandenburg pergi ke Gesamtschule pada tahun 2007? || 50% <> Berapa peratuskah pelajar Bavaria pergi ke Gesamtschule pada tahun 2007? || kurang daripada 1% <> Berapa peratus daripada guru Brandenburg pergi ke Gesamtschule pada tahun 2007? || <> Berapa peratus daripada pelajar Brandenburg pergi ke Gesamtschule pada tahun 2008? || <> Berapa peratus daripada pelajar Brandenburg tidak pernah pergi ke Gesamtschule pada tahun 2007? || <> Sebanyakkah guru Bavaria pergi ke Gesamtschule pada tahun 2007? || <> Berapa peratuskah pelajar Bavaria pergi ke Gesamtschule pada tahun 2008? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of Brandenburg students went to a Gesamtschule in 2007?", "id": "56dc6b6714d3a41400c26895", "answers": [{"text": "50%", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Bavarian students went to a Gesamtschule in 2007?", "id": "56dc6b6714d3a41400c26896", "answers": [{"text": "less than 1%", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "50%", "answer_start": 112}], "question": "What percentage of Brandenburg teachers went to a Gesamtschule in 2007?", "id": "5ad5f9765b96ef001a10af6e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "50%", "answer_start": 112}], "question": "What percentage of Brandenburg students went to a Gesamtschule in 2008?", "id": "5ad5f9765b96ef001a10af6f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "50%", "answer_start": 112}], "question": "What percentage of Brandenburg students never went to a Gesamtschule in 2007?", "id": "5ad5f9765b96ef001a10af70", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "less than 1%", "answer_start": 195}], "question": "What percentage of Bavarian teachers went to a Gesamtschule in 2007?", "id": "5ad5f9765b96ef001a10af71", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "less than 1%", "answer_start": 195}], "question": "What percentage of Bavarian students went to a Gesamtschule in 2008?", "id": "5ad5f9765b96ef001a10af72", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The percentage of students attending a Gesamtschule varies by Bundesland. In the State of Brandenburg more than 50% of all students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007, while in the State of Bavaria less than 1% did."}], ["Finland telah menggunakan sekolah komprehensif sejak tahun 1970-an, dalam erti kata bahawa setiap orang dijangka dapat menyelesaikan sembilan gred peruskoulu, dari usia 7 hingga 16 tahun. Bahagian ini menurunkan sekolah yang komprehensif (gred 1-6, ala-aste, alakoulu) dan sekolah komprehensif atas (gred 7-9, yl\u00e4aste, yl\u00e4koulu) telah dihentikan. <> Dalam apa dekad apakah Finland mula menggunakan sekolah yang komprehensif? || 1970-an <> Berapa umur umur sekolah perlindungan komprehensif Finland? || 7 hingga 16 <> Dalam apa dekad apa Finland tidak mula menggunakan sekolah yang komprehensif? || <> Dalam sedekad apa Sweden mula mempekerjakan sekolah yang komprehensif? || <> Dalam apa dekad apakah Finland berhenti menggunakan sekolah yang komprehensif? || <> Berapa umur umur sekolah perlindungan komprehensif Sweden? || <> Rentang umur apa yang tidak dilindungi oleh sekolah Finland yang tidak komprehensif? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what decade did Finland begin employing comprehensive schools?", "id": "56dc6ab714d3a41400c26885", "answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What age ranges does Finnish comprehensive school cover?", "id": "56dc6ab714d3a41400c26886", "answers": [{"text": "7 to 16", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "In what decade didn't Finland begin employing comprehensive schools?", "id": "5ad5f8a25b96ef001a10af5a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "In what decade did Sweden begin employing comprehensive schools?", "id": "5ad5f8a25b96ef001a10af5b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "In what decade did Finland stop employing comprehensive schools?", "id": "5ad5f8a25b96ef001a10af5c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "7 to 16", "answer_start": 151}], "question": "What age ranges does Swedish comprehensive school cover?", "id": "5ad5f8a25b96ef001a10af5d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "7 to 16", "answer_start": 151}], "question": "What age ranges does Finnish uncomprehensive school cover?", "id": "5ad5f8a25b96ef001a10af5e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Finland has used comprehensive schools since the 1970s, in the sense that everyone is expected to complete the nine grades of peruskoulu, from the age 7 to 16. The division to lower comprehensive school (grades 1\u20136, ala-aste, alakoulu) and upper comprehensive school (grades 7\u20139, yl\u00e4aste, yl\u00e4koulu) has been discontinued."}], ["\"Mittelschule\" adalah sekolah di beberapa Negeri Jerman yang menawarkan kelas tetap dan kelas pemulihan tetapi tiada kelas persediaan kolej. Di sesetengah Negara Jerman, Hauptschule tidak wujud, dan mana-mana pelajar yang belum diterima oleh sekolah lain mesti menghadiri Mittelschule. Pelajar boleh dianugerahkan Hauptschulabschluss atau Mittlere Reife tetapi bukan Abitur. <> Kelas apa kelas yang tidak ditawarkan di Mittelschule? || kelas persediaan kolej <> Sijil apa yang tidak tersedia untuk pelajar Mittelschule? || Abitur <> Sekolah jenis apa yang tidak terdapat di beberapa bahagian di Jerman? || Hauptschule <> Kelas macam apa yang ditawarkan di Mittelschule? || <> Apakah jenis pertemuan yang tidak ditawarkan di Mittelschule? || <> Sijil apa yang boleh didapati untuk pelajar Mittelschule? || <> Sijil apa yang tidak tersedia kepada guru Mittelschule? || <> Sekolah jenis apa yang ada di beberapa bahagian di Jerman? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of classes are not offered in Mittelschule?", "id": "56dc6dc514d3a41400c2689f", "answers": [{"text": "college preparatory classes", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What certificate is not available to Mittelschule students?", "id": "56dc6dc514d3a41400c268a0", "answers": [{"text": "Abitur", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of school is not available in some parts of Germany?", "id": "56dc6dc514d3a41400c268a2", "answers": [{"text": "Hauptschule", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "college preparatory classes", "answer_start": 113}], "question": "What kind of classes are offered in Mittelschule?", "id": "5ad5fa5f5b96ef001a10af82", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "college preparatory classes", "answer_start": 113}], "question": "What kind of meetings are not offered in Mittelschule?", "id": "5ad5fa5f5b96ef001a10af83", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Abitur", "answer_start": 375}], "question": "What certificate is available to Mittelschule students?", "id": "5ad5fa5f5b96ef001a10af84", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Abitur", "answer_start": 375}], "question": "What certificate is not available to Mittelschule teachers?", "id": "5ad5fa5f5b96ef001a10af85", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hauptschule", "answer_start": 173}], "question": "What kind of school is available in some parts of Germany?", "id": "5ad5fa5f5b96ef001a10af86", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The \"Mittelschule\" is a school in some States of Germany that offers regular classes and remedial classes but no college preparatory classes. In some States of Germany, the Hauptschule does not exist, and any student who has not been accepted by another school has to attend the Mittelschule. Students may be awarded the Hauptschulabschluss or the Mittlere Reife but not the Abitur."}], ["Pada dasarnya, sekolah-sekolah yang komprehensif diakui sebagai sekolah \"kejiranan\" untuk semua pelajar di kawasan tadahan tertentu. Pembaharuan pendidikan semasa dengan Program Akademi, Sekolah Percuma dan Kolej Teknikal Universiti tidak syak lagi mempunyai beberapa impak terhadap ideal yang komprehensif tetapi terlalu awal untuk mengatakan sejauh mana. <> Apakah perkataan yang boleh digunakan untuk menggambarkan skop pengambilan sekolah yang komprehensif? || kejiranan <> Apakah beberapa inisiatif baru yang boleh memberi kesan kepada konsep sekolah komprehensif? || Program Akademi, Sekolah Percuma dan Kolej Teknikal Universiti <> Apakah perkataan yang tidak boleh digunakan untuk menggambarkan skop pengambilan sekolah yang komprehensif? || <> Apakah perkataan yang boleh digunakan untuk menggambarkan skop pengambilan sekolah yang tidak komprehensif? || <> Apakah perkataan yang boleh digunakan untuk menggambarkan skop pelepasan sekolah yang komprehensif? || <> Apakah beberapa inisiatif lama yang boleh mempengaruhi konsep sekolah komprehensif? || <> Apakah beberapa inisiatif baru yang mungkin memberi kesan kepada konsep sekolah yang tidak komprehensif? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a word that can be used to describe the scope of a comprehensive school's intake?", "id": "56dc6a5c14d3a41400c26881", "answers": [{"text": "neighbourhood", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some new initiatives that may impact the concept of comprehensive schools?", "id": "56dc6a5c14d3a41400c26882", "answers": [{"text": "Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "neighbourhood", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "What is a word that can't be used to describe the scope of a comprehensive school's intake?", "id": "5ad5f8455b96ef001a10af50", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "neighbourhood", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "What is a word that can be used to describe the scope of an uncomprehensive school's intake?", "id": "5ad5f8455b96ef001a10af51", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "neighbourhood", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "What is a word that can be used to describe the scope of a comprehensive school's discharge?", "id": "5ad5f8455b96ef001a10af52", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges", "answer_start": 157}], "question": "What are some old initiatives that may impact the concept of comprehensive schools?", "id": "5ad5f8455b96ef001a10af53", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges", "answer_start": 157}], "question": "What are some new initiatives that may impact the concept of uncomprehensive schools?", "id": "5ad5f8455b96ef001a10af54", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In principle, comprehensive schools were conceived as \"neighbourhood\" schools for all students in a specified catchment area. Current education reforms with Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges will no doubt have some impact on the comprehensive ideal but it is too early to say to what degree."}], ["Bermula pada tahun 2010/2011, Hauptschulen digabungkan dengan Realschulen dan Gesamtschulen untuk membentuk sebuah sekolah baru yang komprehensif di Negeri Jerman Berlin dan Hamburg, yang dipanggil Stadtteilschule di Hamburg dan Sekundarschule di Berlin (lihat: Pendidikan di Berlin, Pendidikan di Hamburg). <> Apakah gabungan Hauptschulen dengan Realschulen dan Gesamtschulen yang dipanggil di Hamburg? || Stadtteilschule <> Apa kombinasi Hauptschulen dengan Realschulen dan Gesamtschulen yang dipanggil di Berlin? || Sekundarschule <> Di mana tahun sekolah adalah Hauptschulen pertama digabungkan dengan Realschulen dan Gesamtschulen? || 2010/2011 <> Apa yang tidak gabungan Hauptschulen dengan Realschulen dan Gesamtschulen dipanggil di Hamburg? || <> Apakah gabungan Hauptschulen dengan Realschulen dan Gesamtschulen dipanggil dalam Hamburger? || <> Apa kombinasi Hauptschulen dengan Realschulen dan Gesamtschulen tidak dipanggil di Berlin? || <> Apa gabungan Hauptschulen dengan Realschulen dan Gesamtschulen yang dipanggil di Berlinberg? || <> Pada tahun apa sekolah Hauptschulen digabungkan dengan Realschulen dan Gesamtschulen? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Hamburg?", "id": "56dc6cc314d3a41400c26899", "answers": [{"text": "Stadtteilschule", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Berlin?", "id": "56dc6cc314d3a41400c2689a", "answers": [{"text": "Sekundarschule", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what school year were Hauptschulen first combined with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen?", "id": "56dc6cc314d3a41400c2689b", "answers": [{"text": "2010/2011", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Stadtteilschule", "answer_start": 177}], "question": "What wasn't the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Hamburg?", "id": "5ad5f9cd5b96ef001a10af78", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Stadtteilschule", "answer_start": 177}], "question": "What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Hamburger?", "id": "5ad5f9cd5b96ef001a10af79", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sekundarschule", "answer_start": 208}], "question": "What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen not called in Berlin?", "id": "5ad5f9cd5b96ef001a10af7a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sekundarschule", "answer_start": 208}], "question": "What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Berlinberg?", "id": "5ad5f9cd5b96ef001a10af7b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2010/2011", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "In what school year were Hauptschulen last combined with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen?", "id": "5ad5f9cd5b96ef001a10af7c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Starting in 2010/2011, Hauptschulen were merged with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen to form a new type of comprehensive school in the German States of Berlin and Hamburg, called Stadtteilschule in Hamburg and Sekundarschule in Berlin (see: Education in Berlin, Education in Hamburg)."}], ["Jerman mempunyai sekolah yang komprehensif yang dikenali sebagai Gesamtschule. Walaupun beberapa sekolah Jerman seperti Gimnasium dan Realschule mempunyai keperluan masuk yang agak ketat, Gesamtschule tidak mempunyai keperluan seperti itu. Mereka menawarkan kelas persediaan kolej untuk pelajar yang baik, kelas pendidikan umum untuk pelajar purata, dan kursus pemulihan bagi mereka yang tidak melakukan yang baik. Dalam kebanyakan kes pelajar yang menghadiri Gesamtschule boleh menamatkan pengajian dengan Hauptschulabschluss, Realschulabschluss atau Abitur bergantung kepada sejauh mana mereka melakukan di sekolah. <> Jenis sekolah apakah Gesamtschule itu? || komprehensif <> Apa jenis kursus yang ditawarkan kepada pelajar yang tidak mengalami kejayaan akademik? || pemulihan <> Apa jenis sijil yang boleh diperoleh oleh pelajar Gesamtschule? || Hauptschulabschluss, Realschulabschluss atau Abitur <> Sekolah jenis apa yang bukan Gesamtschule? || <> Jenis hospital apa itu Gesamtschule? || <> Apakah jenis kursus yang tidak ditawarkan kepada pelajar yang tidak mengalami kejayaan akademik? || <> Jenis kursus yang ditawarkan kepada pelajar yang mengalami kejayaan akademik? || <> Apakah jenis sijil yang tidak dapat diperoleh oleh pelajar Gesamtschule? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of school is the Gesamtschule?", "id": "56dc6b3914d3a41400c2688d", "answers": [{"text": "comprehensive", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kinds of courses are offered to students who are not experiencing academic success?", "id": "56dc6b3914d3a41400c2688f", "answers": [{"text": "remedial", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the different kinds of certificates that Gesamtschule students can earn?", "id": "56dc6b3914d3a41400c26890", "answers": [{"text": "the Hauptschulabschluss, the Realschulabschluss or the Abitur", "answer_start": 470}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "comprehensive", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "What type of school isn't the Gesamtschule?", "id": "5ad5f90b5b96ef001a10af64", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "comprehensive", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "What type of hospital is the Gesamtschule?", "id": "5ad5f90b5b96ef001a10af65", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "remedial", "answer_start": 349}], "question": "What kinds of courses aren't offered to students who are not experiencing academic success?", "id": "5ad5f90b5b96ef001a10af66", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "remedial", "answer_start": 349}], "question": "What kinds of courses are offered to students who are experiencing academic success?", "id": "5ad5f90b5b96ef001a10af67", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Hauptschulabschluss, the Realschulabschluss or the Abitur", "answer_start": 470}], "question": "What are the different kinds of certificates that Gesamtschule students can't earn?", "id": "5ad5f90b5b96ef001a10af68", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Germany has a comprehensive school known as the Gesamtschule. While some German schools such as the Gymnasium and the Realschule have rather strict entrance requirements, the Gesamtschule does not have such requirements. They offer college preparatory classes for the students who are doing well, general education classes for average students, and remedial courses for those who aren't doing that well. In most cases students attending a Gesamtschule may graduate with the Hauptschulabschluss, the Realschulabschluss or the Abitur depending on how well they did in school."}], ["Sekolah yang komprehensif adalah sekolah negeri yang tidak memilih pengambilannya berdasarkan pencapaian akademik atau kebolehan. Ini adalah berbeza dengan sistem sekolah yang terpilih, di mana pengakuan dibataskan berdasarkan kriteria pemilihan. Istilah ini sering digunakan berhubung dengan England dan Wales, di mana sekolah-sekolah komprehensif diperkenalkan pada asas eksperimen pada tahun 1940-an dan menjadi lebih meluas dari tahun 1965. Kira-kira 90% murid sekolah menengah Inggeris kini menghadiri sekolah yang komprehensif. Mereka sesuai secara meluas ke sekolah menengah awam di Amerika Syarikat dan Kanada dan ke Jerman Gesamtschule. [Rujukan?] <> Sekolah jenis apa yang tidak mendasari kemasukannya mengenai merit akademik? || sekolah yang komprehensif <> Sistem apa jenis sekolah yang menggunakan kejayaan akademik untuk menilai kemasukan? || sistem sekolah terpilih <> Negara apa yang menggunakan sekolah komprehensif secara meluas? || England dan Wales <> Berapa ramai pelajar sekolah menengah menghadiri sekolah komprehensif di England? || 90% <> Apakah analogi Jerman sekolah komprehensif itu? || Gesamtschule <> Apa jenis sekolah yang mendasari kemasukannya mengenai merit akademik? || <> Sistem apa jenis sekolah menggunakan kegagalan akademik untuk menilai kemasukan? || <> Negara-negara mana yang tidak digunakan secara komprehensif? || <> Berapa ramai pelajar sekolah menengah menghadiri sekolah komprehensif di Scotland? || <> Apakah analogi Austria dari sekolah yang komprehensif? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of school does not base its admissions on academic merit?", "id": "56dc686a14d3a41400c26867", "answers": [{"text": "comprehensive school", "answer_start": 2}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of school system uses academic success to judge admissions?", "id": "56dc686a14d3a41400c26868", "answers": [{"text": "selective school system", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What countries used comprehensive schools extensively?", "id": "56dc686a14d3a41400c26869", "answers": [{"text": "England and Wales", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many secondary school students attend comprehensive schools in England?", "id": "56dc686a14d3a41400c2686a", "answers": [{"text": "90%", "answer_start": 427}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the German analogue of the comprehensive school?", "id": "56dc686a14d3a41400c2686b", "answers": [{"text": "Gesamtschule", "answer_start": 600}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "comprehensive school", "answer_start": 2}], "question": "What kind of school bases its admissions on academic merit?", "id": "5ad5f6585b96ef001a10af32", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "selective school system", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "What kind of school system uses academic failure to judge admissions?", "id": "5ad5f6585b96ef001a10af33", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "England and Wales", "answer_start": 282}], "question": "What countries unused comprehensive schools extensively?", "id": "5ad5f6585b96ef001a10af34", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "90%", "answer_start": 427}], "question": "How many secondary school students attend comprehensive schools in Scotland?", "id": "5ad5f6585b96ef001a10af35", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Gesamtschule", "answer_start": 600}], "question": "What is the Austrian analogue of the comprehensive school?", "id": "5ad5f6585b96ef001a10af36", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools. They correspond broadly to the public high school in the United States and Canada and to the German Gesamtschule.[citation needed]"}], ["Di sekolah-sekolah ini kanak-kanak dapat dipilih berdasarkan bakat kurikulum yang berkaitan dengan keistimewaan sekolah walaupun sekolah mengambil kuota dari setiap kuartil pencapaian untuk memastikan mereka tidak selektif dengan pencapaian. Masalahnya ialah sama ada kuota itu harus diambil dari taburan normal atau dari taburan khusus pencapaian di kawasan tadahan segera. Dalam sistem sekolah yang terpilih, yang bertahan di beberapa bahagian di United Kingdom, kemasukan bergantung kepada kriteria pemilihan, yang paling biasa adalah ujian atau ujian kognitif. Walaupun sekolah komprehensif diperkenalkan ke England dan Wales pada tahun 1965, terdapat 164 sekolah tatabahasa terpilih yang masih beroperasi. [Rujukan?] (Walaupun ini adalah bilangan yang kecil berbanding dengan kira-kira 3500 sekolah menengah negeri di England). Kebanyakan komprehensif adalah sekolah menengah untuk kanak-kanak berumur antara 11 hingga 16 tahun, tetapi di beberapa kawasan terdapat sekolah menengah yang komprehensif, dan di beberapa tempat peringkat menengah terbahagi kepada dua, untuk pelajar berumur 11 hingga 14 tahun dan mereka yang berusia 14 hingga 18 , kira-kira sepadan dengan sekolah menengah AS (atau sekolah menengah pertama) dan sekolah menengah, masing-masing. Dengan kemunculan peringkat utama dalam Kurikulum Kebangsaan beberapa pihak berkuasa tempatan kembali dari sistem Sekolah Menengah ke 11-16 dan 11-18 sekolah supaya peralihan antara sekolah sepadan dengan akhir satu peringkat utama dan permulaan yang lain. <> Berapa banyak sekolah tatabahasa yang terpilih masih berfungsi di England dan Wales? || 164 <> Pada tahun berapa sekolah-sekolah yang komprehensif diwujudkan? || 1965 <> Berapa banyak sekolah tinggi terpilih yang masih berfungsi di England dan Wales? || <> Berapa banyak sekolah tatabahasa terpilih masih berfungsi di Scotland dan Wales? || <> Berapa banyak sekolah tata bahasa terpilih yang tidak lagi berfungsi di England dan Wales? || <> Pada tahun apakah sekolah yang tidak komprehensif dibuat dahulu? || <> Pada tahun apakah sekolah komprehensif pertama ditutup? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many selective grammar schools are still currently functioning in England and Wales?", "id": "56dc6a0914d3a41400c2687a", "answers": [{"text": "164", "answer_start": 673}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year were comprehensive schools first created?", "id": "56dc6a0914d3a41400c2687b", "answers": [{"text": "1965", "answer_start": 657}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "164", "answer_start": 673}], "question": "How many selective high schools are still currently functioning in England and Wales?", "id": "5ad5f7a45b96ef001a10af46", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "164", "answer_start": 673}], "question": "How many selective grammar schools are still currently functioning in Scotland and Wales?", "id": "5ad5f7a45b96ef001a10af47", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "164", "answer_start": 673}], "question": "How many selective grammar schools are no longer functioning in England and Wales?", "id": "5ad5f7a45b96ef001a10af48", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1965", "answer_start": 657}], "question": "In what year weren't comprehensive schools first created?", "id": "5ad5f7a45b96ef001a10af49", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1965", "answer_start": 657}], "question": "In what year were comprehensive schools first closed?", "id": "5ad5f7a45b96ef001a10af4a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In these schools children could be selected on the basis of curriculum aptitude related to the school's specialism even though the schools do take quotas from each quartile of the attainment range to ensure they were not selective by attainment. A problem with this is whether the quotas should be taken from a normal distribution or from the specific distribution of attainment in the immediate catchment area. In the selective school system, which survives in several parts of the United Kingdom, admission is dependent on selection criteria, most commonly a cognitive test or tests. Although comprehensive schools were introduced to England and Wales in 1965, there are 164 selective grammar schools that are still in operation.[citation needed] (though this is a small number compared to approximately 3500 state secondary schools in England). Most comprehensives are secondary schools for children between the ages of 11 to 16, but in a few areas there are comprehensive middle schools, and in some places the secondary level is divided into two, for students aged 11 to 14 and those aged 14 to 18, roughly corresponding to the US middle school (or junior high school) and high school, respectively. With the advent of key stages in the National Curriculum some local authorities reverted from the Middle School system to 11\u201316 and 11\u201318 schools so that the transition between schools corresponds to the end of one key stage and the start of another."}], ["Sekolah komprehensif adalah mengenai menyediakan kurikulum hak kepada semua kanak-kanak, tanpa pemilihan sama ada disebabkan oleh pertimbangan atau pencapaian kewangan. Akibatnya adalah kurikulum yang lebih luas, termasuk subjek praktikal seperti reka bentuk dan teknologi dan pembelajaran vokasional, yang kurang umum atau tidak wujud dalam sekolah tatabahasa. Menyediakan pendidikan pasca-16 secara kos efektif menjadi lebih mencabar untuk sekolah-sekolah yang lebih komprehensif, kerana bilangan kursus yang diperlukan untuk menampung kurikulum yang lebih luas dengan pelajar yang kurang berkemampuan. Inilah sebabnya mengapa sekolah cenderung menjadi lebih besar dan juga mengapa banyak pihak berkuasa tempatan telah menganjurkan pendidikan menengah ke 11-16 sekolah, dengan peruntukan pasca-16 yang disediakan oleh Kolej Formula Keenam dan Kolej Pendidikan Lanjutan. Sekolah-sekolah yang komprehensif tidak memilih pengambilan mereka berdasarkan pencapaian akademik atau kebolehan, tetapi terdapat sebab-sebab demografi mengapa profil pencapaian sekolah-sekolah yang berbeza berbeza-beza. Di samping itu, inisiatif kerajaan seperti Program Teknologi Bandaraya dan program-program Sekolah Pakar telah menjadikan ideal yang komprehensif kurang pasti. <> Apakah beberapa bidang pembelajaran di sekolah yang komprehensif yang tidak sering dijumpai di sekolah tatabahasa? || reka bentuk dan teknologi dan pembelajaran vokasional <> Apa dua jenis sekolah yang dibangunkan sebagai tindak balas kepada kos pendidikan sekolah selepas 16? || Kolej Formula Keenam dan Kolej Pendidikan Lanjut <> Jenis-jenis projek sekolah apa yang dipanggil model sekolah komprehensif yang dipersoalkan? || Program Teknologi Bandaraya dan Program Sekolah Pakar <> Apakah beberapa bidang pembelajaran di sekolah-sekolah yang komprehensif yang sering didapati di sekolah-sekolah tatabahasa? || <> Apakah beberapa bidang pembelajaran di sekolah yang komprehensif yang tidak sering dijumpai di sekolah menengah? || <> Apa dua jenis sekolah telah dibangunkan sebagai tindak balas terhadap kos pendidikan sekolah pasca-18 yang komprehensif? || <> Apa tiga jenis sekolah yang dibangunkan sebagai tindak balas kepada kos pendidikan sekolah pasca-16 yang komprehensif? || <> Jenis-jenis projek sekolah apa yang tidak dipanggil model sekolah komprehensif yang dipersoalkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are some areas of learning in comprehensive schools that were not found often in grammar schools?", "id": "56dc695914d3a41400c26871", "answers": [{"text": "design and technology and vocational learning", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two kinds of schools were developed in response to the costs of post-16 comprehensive school education?", "id": "56dc695914d3a41400c26872", "answers": [{"text": "Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges", "answer_start": 750}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which types of school projects have called the model of comprehensive schools into question?", "id": "56dc695914d3a41400c26874", "answers": [{"text": "City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes", "answer_start": 1051}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "design and technology and vocational learning", "answer_start": 258}], "question": "What are some areas of learning in comprehensive schools that were found often in grammar schools?", "id": "5ad5f73f5b96ef001a10af3c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "design and technology and vocational learning", "answer_start": 258}], "question": "What are some areas of learning in comprehensive schools that were not found often in high schools?", "id": "5ad5f73f5b96ef001a10af3d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges", "answer_start": 750}], "question": "What two kinds of schools were developed in response to the costs of post-18 comprehensive school education?", "id": "5ad5f73f5b96ef001a10af3e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges", "answer_start": 750}], "question": "What three kinds of schools were developed in response to the costs of post-16 comprehensive school education?", "id": "5ad5f73f5b96ef001a10af3f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes", "answer_start": 1051}], "question": "Which types of school projects haven't called the model of comprehensive schools into question?", "id": "5ad5f73f5b96ef001a10af40", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Comprehensive schools are primarily about providing an entitlement curriculum to all children, without selection whether due to financial considerations or attainment. A consequence of that is a wider ranging curriculum, including practical subjects such as design and technology and vocational learning, which were less common or non-existent in grammar schools. Providing post-16 education cost-effectively becomes more challenging for smaller comprehensive schools, because of the number of courses needed to cover a broader curriculum with comparatively fewer students. This is why schools have tended to get larger and also why many local authorities have organised secondary education into 11\u201316 schools, with the post-16 provision provided by Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges. Comprehensive schools do not select their intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude, but there are demographic reasons why the attainment profiles of different schools vary considerably. In addition, government initiatives such as the City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes have made the comprehensive ideal less certain."}], ["Sekolah komprehensif telah dituduh inflasi gred selepas kajian menunjukkan bahawa pelajar kanan Gymnasium purata kemampuan matematik mendapati diri mereka berada di bahagian paling bawah kelas mereka dan mempunyai gred purata \"Lima\", yang bermaksud \"Gagal\". Pelajar senior Gesamtschule purata kemampuan matematik mendapati diri mereka di bahagian atas kelas mereka dan mempunyai gred purata \"Tiga Plus\". Apabila peperiksaan Abitur pusat ditubuhkan di Negeri Rhine-Westphalia Utara, didapati bahawa pelajar Gesamtschule lebih buruk daripada yang boleh diramalkan oleh gred atau pangkat kelas mereka. Barbara Sommer (Kesatuan Demokratik Kristian), Menteri Pendidikan North Rhine-Westphalia, mengulas bahawa: Melihat jurang prestasi antara komprehensif dan Gimnasium [di pemeriksaan pusat Abitur] [...] adalah sukar untuk memahami mengapa Demokrat Sosial Parti Jerman mahu menghapuskan Gimnasium. [...] Komprehensif tidak membantu pelajar mencapai [...] Saya sakit dan bosan dengan sekolah komprehensif yang menyalahkan masalah mereka pada asal-usul kelas sosial pelajar mereka. Apakah sikap ini untuk menyalahkan pelajar mereka sendiri? Dia juga memanggil Abitur yang dianugerahkan oleh Gimnasium Abitur dan Abitur yang sebenarnya dianugerahkan oleh Gesamtschule \"Abitur light\". Sebagai tindak balas, Sigrid Beer (Alliance '90 / The Greens) menyatakan bahawa komprehensif telah didiskriminasi struktur oleh kerajaan, yang menggemari Gymnasiums. Beliau juga mengatakan bahawa banyak pelajar yang dianugerahkan Abitur oleh komprehensif yang berasal dari \"kumpulan yang kurang bernasib baik\" dan mengejek dengan prestasi mereka adalah \"sekejap\". <> Apa salah laku yang mempunyai sekolah komprehensif yang didakwa terlibat? || inflasi gred <> Yang menteri Jerman mengkritik keupayaan sekolah komprehensif untuk membantu pelajar berjaya? || Barbara Sommer <> Mana ahli politik Jerman mempertahankan sekolah yang komprehensif? || Sigrid Beer <> Pihak mana yang dimiliki oleh Barbara Sommer? || Kesatuan Demokratik Kristian <> Pihak mana yang dimiliki Sigrid Beer? || Perikatan '90 / The Greens <> Apa jenis salah laku yang mempunyai sekolah yang tidak komprehensif yang didakwa terlibat? || <> Yang mana menteri Jerman Jerman mana yang mengkritik keupayaan sekolah yang tidak komprehensif untuk membantu para pelajar berjaya? Mengkritik kemampuan komprehensif sekolah untuk membantu pelajar berjaya? || <> Mana ahli politik Jerman yang mempertahankan sekolah yang tidak komprehensif? || <> Pihak mana yang bukan milik Barbara Sommer? || <> Pihak mana yang tidak Sigrid Beer milik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of misconduct have comprehensive schools been alleged of engaging in?", "id": "56dc777a14d3a41400c268ab", "answers": [{"text": "grade inflation", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which German minister criticized comprehensive schools' ability to help students succeed?", "id": "56dc777a14d3a41400c268ac", "answers": [{"text": "Barbara Sommer", "answer_start": 605}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which German politician defended comprehensive schools?", "id": "56dc777a14d3a41400c268ad", "answers": [{"text": "Sigrid Beer", "answer_start": 1316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which party does Barbara Sommer belong to?", "id": "56dc777a14d3a41400c268ae", "answers": [{"text": "Christian Democratic Union", "answer_start": 621}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which party does Sigrid Beer belong to?", "id": "56dc777a14d3a41400c268af", "answers": [{"text": "Alliance '90/The Greens", "answer_start": 1329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "grade inflation", "answer_start": 43}], "question": "What type of misconduct have uncomprehensive schools been alleged of engaging in?", "id": "5ad5fc155b96ef001a10af96", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Barbara Sommer", "answer_start": 605}], "question": "Which German mWhich German minister criticized uncomprehensive schools' ability to help students succeed?inister criticized comprehensive schools' ability to help students succeed?", "id": "5ad5fc155b96ef001a10af97", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sigrid Beer", "answer_start": 1316}], "question": "Which German politician defended uncomprehensive schools?", "id": "5ad5fc155b96ef001a10af98", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christian Democratic Union", "answer_start": 621}], "question": "Which party doesn't Barbara Sommer belong to?", "id": "5ad5fc155b96ef001a10af99", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Alliance '90/The Greens", "answer_start": 1329}], "question": "Which party doesn't Sigrid Beer belong to?", "id": "5ad5fc155b96ef001a10af9a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Comprehensive schools have been accused of grade inflation after a study revealed that Gymnasium senior students of average mathematical ability found themselves at the very bottom of their class and had an average grade of \"Five\", which means \"Failed\". Gesamtschule senior students of average mathematical ability found themselves in the upper half of their class and had an average grade of \"Three Plus\". When a central Abitur examination was established in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was revealed that Gesamtschule students did worse than could be predicted by their grades or class rank. Barbara Sommer (Christian Democratic Union), Education Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia, commented that: Looking at the performance gap between comprehensives and the Gymnasium [at the Abitur central examination] [...] it is difficult to understand why the Social Democratic Party of Germany wants to do away with the Gymnasium. [...] The comprehensives do not help students achieve [...] I am sick and tired of the comprehensive schools blaming their problems on the social class origins of their students. What kind of attitude is this to blame their own students? She also called the Abitur awarded by the Gymnasium the true Abitur and the Abitur awarded by the Gesamtschule \"Abitur light\". As a reaction, Sigrid Beer (Alliance '90/The Greens) stated that comprehensives were structurally discriminated against by the government, which favoured the Gymnasiums. She also said that many of the students awarded the Abitur by the comprehensives came from \"underprivileged groups\" and sneering at their performance was a \"piece of impudence\"."}], ["Gibraltar membuka sekolah komprehensifnya yang pertama pada tahun 1972. Antara umur 12 dan 16 dua sekolah komprehensif yang memenuhi keperluan gadis dan lelaki secara berasingan. Pelajar juga boleh terus ke dalam borang keenam untuk melengkapkan tahap A mereka. <> Bilakah sekolah komprehensif yang pertama dibuka di Gibraltar? || 1972 <> Di mana pelajar boleh pergi selepas menamatkan sekolah komprehensif di Gibraltar? || borang keenam <> Ujian apa yang disediakan oleh pelajar dalam bentuk keenam? || A-levels <> Bilakah sekolah komprehensif terakhir dibuka di Gibraltar? || <> Bilakah sekolah komprehensif yang pertama ditutup di Gibraltar? || <> Di mana pelajar tidak boleh pergi selepas menamatkan sekolah komprehensif di Gibraltar? || <> Di mana pelajar boleh pergi selepas menyelesaikan sekolah yang tidak komprehensif di Gibraltar? || <> Ujian apa yang disediakan oleh pelajar dalam bentuk kelima? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the first comprehensive school opened in Gibraltar?", "id": "56dc790614d3a41400c268c1", "answers": [{"text": "1972", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where can students go after finishing comprehensive school in Gibraltar?", "id": "56dc790614d3a41400c268c3", "answers": [{"text": "sixth form", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What examinations do students prepare for in the sixth form?", "id": "56dc790614d3a41400c268c4", "answers": [{"text": "A-levels", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1972", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "When was the last comprehensive school opened in Gibraltar?", "id": "5ad5fced5b96ef001a10afb4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1972", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "When was the first comprehensive school closed in Gibraltar?", "id": "5ad5fced5b96ef001a10afb5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sixth form", "answer_start": 186}], "question": "Where can't students go after finishing comprehensive school in Gibraltar?", "id": "5ad5fced5b96ef001a10afb6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sixth form", "answer_start": 186}], "question": "Where can students go after finishing uncomprehensive school in Gibraltar?", "id": "5ad5fced5b96ef001a10afb7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "A-levels", "answer_start": 215}], "question": "What examinations do students prepare for in the fifth form?", "id": "5ad5fced5b96ef001a10afb8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Gibraltar opened its first comprehensive school in 1972. Between the ages of 12 and 16 two comprehensive schools cater for girls and boys separately. Students may also continue into the sixth form to complete their A-levels."}], ["Menurut satu kajian yang dilakukan oleh Helmut Fend (yang selalu menjadi penyokong kuat sekolah komprehensif) mendedahkan bahawa sekolah yang komprehensif tidak membantu pelajar kelas pekerja. Beliau membandingkan alumni sistem tripartit kepada alumni sekolah komprehensif. Semasa alumni kelas pekerja sekolah komprehensif telah dianugerahkan diploma sekolah yang lebih baik pada umur 35 tahun, mereka memegang jawatan pekerjaan yang sama sebagai alumni kelas pekerja dalam sistem tripartit dan tidak mungkin lulus dari kolej. <> Siapa yang menjalankan kajian mengenai sekolah komprehensif? || Helmut Fend <> Sistem mana yang Fend membandingkan alumni sekolah yang komprehensif? || sistem tripartit <> Siapa yang tidak pernah menjalankan kajian mengenai sekolah komprehensif? || <> Siapa yang menjalankan kajian mengenai sekolah yang tidak komprehensif? || <> Kepada sistem mana yang tidak Fend membandingkan alumni sekolah yang komprehensif? || <> Kepada sistem mana yang Fend membandingkan alumni sekolah yang tidak komprehensif? || <> Kepada sistem mana yang Fend membandingkan fakulti sekolah yang komprehensif? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who conducted a study on comprehensive schools?", "id": "56dc78b114d3a41400c268bd", "answers": [{"text": "Helmut Fend", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To which system did Fend compare comprehensive school alumni?", "id": "56dc78b114d3a41400c268be", "answers": [{"text": "tripartite system", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Helmut Fend", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "Who never conducted a study on comprehensive schools?", "id": "5ad5fca25b96ef001a10afaa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Helmut Fend", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "Who conducted a study on uncomprehensive schools?", "id": "5ad5fca25b96ef001a10afab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "tripartite system", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "To which system didn't Fend compare comprehensive school alumni?", "id": "5ad5fca25b96ef001a10afac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "tripartite system", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "To which system did Fend compare uncomprehensive school alumni?", "id": "5ad5fca25b96ef001a10afad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "tripartite system", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "To which system did Fend compare comprehensive school faculty?", "id": "5ad5fca25b96ef001a10afae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to a study done by Helmut Fend (who had always been a fierce proponent of comprehensive schools) revealed that comprehensive schools do not help working class students. He compared alumni of the tripartite system to alumni of comprehensive schools. While working class alumni of comprehensive schools were awarded better school diplomas at age 35, they held similar occupational positions as working class alumni of the tripartite system and were as unlikely to graduate from college."}], ["Di sekolah-sekolah komprehensif Ireland adalah model sekolah negeri terdahulu yang diperkenalkan pada akhir 1960-an dan sebahagian besarnya digantikan oleh model masyarakat sekular pada tahun 1970-an. Model komprehensif umumnya memasukkan sekolah-sekolah lama yang berada di bawah kepemilikan Roman Katolik atau Protestan, dan pelbagai denominasi masih mengurus sekolah sebagai pelanggan atau pemegang amanah. Kerajaan memiliki hak milik sekolah, yang terletak hak pada pemegang amanah untuk selama-lamanya. Model ini diterima pakai untuk menjadikan sekolah-sekolah negeri lebih diterima oleh masyarakat yang sebahagian besar konservatif pada masa itu. <> Dalam berapa dekad sekolah komuniti dipupuk? || 1970-an <> Siapa yang memiliki tanah di mana sekolah komprehensif Ireland didapati? || Negeri <> Dalam apa dekad tidak sekolah komuniti dipupuk? || <> Dalam apa dekad sekolah ditutup? || <> Yang menyewa tanah di mana sekolah komprehensif Ireland didapati? || <> Siapa yang memiliki tanah di mana sekolah komprehensif Scotish didapati? || <> Siapa yang memiliki tanah di mana sekolah komprehensif Ireland tidak dijumpai? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what decade were community schools conceived?", "id": "56dc79fc14d3a41400c268d9", "answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who owns the land on which Irish comprehensive schools are found?", "id": "56dc79fc14d3a41400c268db", "answers": [{"text": "The state", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 161}], "question": "In what decade weren't community schools conceived?", "id": "5ad5fdd55b96ef001a10afc8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 161}], "question": "In what decade were community schools closed?", "id": "5ad5fdd55b96ef001a10afc9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The state", "answer_start": 363}], "question": "Who rents the land on which Irish comprehensive schools are found?", "id": "5ad5fdd55b96ef001a10afca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The state", "answer_start": 363}], "question": "Who owns the land on which Scotish comprehensive schools are found?", "id": "5ad5fdd55b96ef001a10afcb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The state", "answer_start": 363}], "question": "Who owns the land on which Irish comprehensive schools aren't found?", "id": "5ad5fdd55b96ef001a10afcc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In Ireland comprehensive schools were an earlier model of state schools, introduced in the late 1960s and largely replaced by the secular community model of the 1970s. The comprehensive model generally incorporated older schools that were under Roman Catholic or Protestant ownership, and the various denominations still manage the school as patrons or trustees. The state owns the school property, which is vested in the trustees in perpetuity. The model was adopted to make state schools more acceptable to a largely conservative society of the time."}], ["Pengenalan model sekolah masyarakat pada tahun 1970-an kontroversi menghilangkan asas denominasi sekolah, tetapi minat keagamaan dijemput untuk diwakili di Dewan Pengurusan. Sekolah komuniti dibahagikan kepada dua model, sekolah komuniti terletak pada Menteri Pendidikan dan kolej komuniti yang terletak di Lembaga Pendidikan dan Latihan tempatan. Kolej komuniti cenderung menjadi penggabungan sekolah-sekolah tempatan yang tidak dapat dipertahankan di bawah payung model sekolah komuniti baru, tetapi sekolah komuniti cenderung menjadi asas yang baru. <> Apakah sistem sekolah komuniti itu dikeluarkan daripada model sekolah yang komprehensif? || asas denominasi sekolah <> Apa istilah untuk pengelompokan sekolah-sekolah tempatan yang tidak boleh wujud secara bebas? || Kolej Komuniti <> Apa yang tidak sistem sekolah komuniti membuang dari model sekolah yang komprehensif? || <> Apakah sistem komuniti sekolah menambah model sekolah yang komprehensif? || <> Apakah sistem sekolah komuniti telah dikeluarkan daripada model sekolah yang tidak komprehensif? || <> Apa istilah bagi kumpulan sekolah tempatan yang boleh wujud secara bebas? || <> Apakah istilah untuk pengelompokan sekolah global yang tidak boleh wujud secara bebas? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the community school system remove from the comprehensive school model?", "id": "56dc7a7b14d3a41400c268df", "answers": [{"text": "the denominational basis of the schools", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a term for a grouping of local schools that cannot exist independently?", "id": "56dc7a7b14d3a41400c268e1", "answers": [{"text": "Community colleges", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the denominational basis of the schools", "answer_start": 84}], "question": "What didn't the community school system remove from the comprehensive school model?", "id": "5ad5fe4d5b96ef001a10afd2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the denominational basis of the schools", "answer_start": 84}], "question": "What did the community school system add to the comprehensive school model?", "id": "5ad5fe4d5b96ef001a10afd3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the denominational basis of the schools", "answer_start": 84}], "question": "What did the community school system remove from the uncomprehensive school model?", "id": "5ad5fe4d5b96ef001a10afd4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Community colleges", "answer_start": 390}], "question": "What is a term for a grouping of local schools that can exist independently?", "id": "5ad5fe4d5b96ef001a10afd5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Community colleges", "answer_start": 390}], "question": "What is a term for a grouping of global schools that cannot exist independently?", "id": "5ad5fe4d5b96ef001a10afd6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The introduction of the community school model in the 1970s controversially removed the denominational basis of the schools, but religious interests were invited to be represented on the Boards of Management. Community schools are divided into two models, the community school vested in the Minister for Education and the community college vested in the local Education and Training Board. Community colleges tended to be amalgamations of unviable local schools under the umbrella of a new community school model, but community schools have tended to be entirely new foundations."}], ["Pada tahun 1970, Margaret Thatcher menjadi Setiausaha Negara untuk Pendidikan kerajaan Konservatif yang baru. Dia mengakhiri paksaan pihak berkuasa tempatan untuk menukar, namun banyak pihak berkuasa tempatan begitu jauh ke jalan yang sangat mahal untuk cuba membalikkan proses itu, dan sekolah yang lebih komprehensif telah ditubuhkan di bawah Puan Thatcher daripada mana-mana setiausaha pendidikan lain. <> Siapa yang dijadikan Setiausaha Negara untuk Pendidikan pada tahun 1970? || Margaret Thatcher <> Sekolah jenis apa yang dilakukan Thatcher menamatkan paksaan sekolah sedia ada untuk menukar? || komprehensif <> Pihak mana yang berkuasa apabila Margaret Thatcher telah dijadikan Setiausaha Negara untuk Pendidikan? || Konservatif <> Siapa yang tidak dibuat Setiausaha Negara untuk Pendidikan pada tahun 1970? || <> Siapa yang dijadikan Setiausaha Negara untuk Pendidikan pada tahun 1972? || <> Sekolah jenis apa yang tidak Thatcher menamatkan paksaan untuk sekolah yang sedia ada untuk menukar? || <> Sekolah jenis apa yang dilakukan oleh Thatcher memulakan paksaan sekolah sedia ada untuk ditukar? || <> Parti mana yang tidak berkuasa apabila Margaret Thatcher dijadikan Setiausaha Negara untuk Pendidikan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was made Secretary of State for Education in 1970?", "id": "56dc7c9d14d3a41400c268ff", "answers": [{"text": "Margaret Thatcher", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of school did Thatcher end the compulsion for existing schools to convert to?", "id": "56dc7c9d14d3a41400c26900", "answers": [{"text": "comprehensive", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What party was in power when Margaret Thatcher was made Secretary of State for Education?", "id": "56dc7c9d14d3a41400c26901", "answers": [{"text": "Conservative", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Margaret Thatcher", "answer_start": 8}], "question": "Who wasn't made Secretary of State for Education in 1970?", "id": "5ad5ff435b96ef001a10aff0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Margaret Thatcher", "answer_start": 8}], "question": "Who was made Secretary of State for Education in 1972?", "id": "5ad5ff435b96ef001a10aff1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "comprehensive", "answer_start": 310}], "question": "What kind of school didn't Thatcher end the compulsion for existing schools to convert to?", "id": "5ad5ff435b96ef001a10aff2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "comprehensive", "answer_start": 310}], "question": "What kind of school did Thatcher start the compulsion for existing schools to convert to?", "id": "5ad5ff435b96ef001a10aff3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Conservative", "answer_start": 77}], "question": "What party wasn't in power when Margaret Thatcher was made Secretary of State for Education?", "id": "5ad5ff435b96ef001a10aff4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1970 Margaret Thatcher became Secretary of State for Education of the new Conservative government. She ended the compulsion on local authorities to convert, however, many local authorities were so far down the path that it would have been prohibitively expensive to attempt to reverse the process, and more comprehensive schools were established under Mrs Thatcher than any other education secretary."}], ["Komprehensif pertama ditubuhkan selepas Perang Dunia Kedua. Sebagai contoh, pada tahun 1946, Walworth School adalah salah satu daripada lima sekolah yang komprehensif 'eksperimental' yang ditubuhkan oleh Majlis Daerah London. Satu lagi sekolah komprehensif awal ialah Sekolah Holyhead County di Anglesey pada tahun 1949. Contoh-contoh awal sekolah komprehensif termasuklah Woodlands Boys School di Coventry ( dibuka pada tahun 1954) dan Sekolah Komprehensif Tividale di Tipton. <> Pada tahun apakah Sekolah Walworth ditubuhkan? || 1946 <> Siapa yang menubuhkan Sekolah Walworth? || Majlis Daerah London <> Sekolah apa yang komprehensif ditubuhkan di Anglesey? || Sekolah Holyhead County <> Bilakah Sekolah Holyhead County ditubuhkan? || 1949 <> Sekolah terbuka mana yang komprehensif dalam coventry? || Woodlands Boys School <> Pada tahun apa sekolah ditutup Walworth? || <> Siapa yang menutup Sekolah Walworth? || <> Apa sekolah yang tidak komprehensif ditubuhkan di Anglesey? || <> Bilakah Sekolah Holyhead County ditutup? || <> Sekolah terbuka yang tidak komprehensif dalam koventry? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was the Walworth School established?", "id": "56dc7afb14d3a41400c268e5", "answers": [{"text": "1946", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who established the Walworth School?", "id": "56dc7afb14d3a41400c268e6", "answers": [{"text": "London County Council", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What comprehensive school was established in Anglesey?", "id": "56dc7afb14d3a41400c268e7", "answers": [{"text": "Holyhead County School", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Holyhead County School established?", "id": "56dc7afb14d3a41400c268e8", "answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which comprehensive school openend in coventry?", "id": "56dc7afb14d3a41400c268e9", "answers": [{"text": "Woodlands Boys School", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1946", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "In what year was the Walworth School closed?", "id": "5ad5fea45b96ef001a10afdc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "London County Council", "answer_start": 170}], "question": "Who closed the Walworth School?", "id": "5ad5fea45b96ef001a10afdd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Holyhead County School", "answer_start": 231}], "question": "What uncomprehensive school was established in Anglesey?", "id": "5ad5fea45b96ef001a10afde", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 269}], "question": "When was Holyhead County School closed?", "id": "5ad5fea45b96ef001a10afdf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Woodlands Boys School", "answer_start": 330}], "question": "Which uncomprehensive school openend in coventry?", "id": "5ad5fea45b96ef001a10afe0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The first comprehensives were set up after the Second World War. In 1946, for example, Walworth School was one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by the London County Council Another early comprehensive school was Holyhead County School in Anglesey in 1949. Other early examples of comprehensive schools included Woodlands Boys School in Coventry (opened in 1954) and Tividale Comprehensive School in Tipton."}], ["Gesamtschulen mungkin meletakkan pelajar kelas pekerja yang berisiko berisiko mengikut beberapa kajian. Ia dapat ditunjukkan bahawa jurang pencapaian terbuka antara pelajar kelas pekerja yang menghadiri rakan sebaya yang komprehensif dan kelas pertengahan mereka. Juga pelajar kelas pekerja yang menghadiri gimnasium atau Realschule mengatasi pelajar dari latar belakang yang sama menghadiri komprehensif. Walau bagaimanapun, ia bukannya pelajar yang menghadiri komprehensif, tetapi pelajar yang menghadiri sebuah Hauptschule, yang melakukan yang termiskin. <> Siapa yang boleh menjadi terdedah oleh Gasemtschulen? || pelajar kelas cerah <> Dari kumpulan apa jurang pencapaian pelajar kelas pekerja kelas yang berasingan? || rakan kelas pertengahan <> Di sekolah apakah pelajar mencapai kejayaan paling sedikit? || Hauptschule <> Siapa yang tidak boleh terdedah oleh Gasemtschulen? || <> Siapa yang boleh dilindungi oleh Gasemtschulen? || <> Daripada apa kumpulan tidak jurang pencapaian murid kelas pekerja kelas di sekolah komprehensif? || <> Dari kumpulan apa jurang pencapaian yang memisahkan pelajar kelas pekerja di sekolah yang tidak komprehensif? || <> Di sekolah apakah pelajar mencapai kejayaan yang paling berjaya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who could be made vulnerable by the Gasemtschulen?", "id": "56dc784714d3a41400c268b5", "answers": [{"text": "bright working class students", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what group does an achievement gap separate working class students at comprehensive schools?", "id": "56dc784714d3a41400c268b6", "answers": [{"text": "middle class peers", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At which school do students achieve the least success?", "id": "56dc784714d3a41400c268b7", "answers": [{"text": "Hauptschule", "answer_start": 444}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "bright working class students", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "Who couldn't be made vulnerable by the Gasemtschulen?", "id": "5ad5fc5d5b96ef001a10afa0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "bright working class students", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "Who could be protected by the Gasemtschulen?", "id": "5ad5fc5d5b96ef001a10afa1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "middle class peers", "answer_start": 207}], "question": "From what group doesn't an achievement gap separate working class students at comprehensive schools?", "id": "5ad5fc5d5b96ef001a10afa2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "middle class peers", "answer_start": 207}], "question": "From what group does an achievement gap separate working class students at uncomprehensive schools?", "id": "5ad5fc5d5b96ef001a10afa3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hauptschule", "answer_start": 444}], "question": "At which school do students achieve the most success?", "id": "5ad5fc5d5b96ef001a10afa4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Gesamtschulen might put bright working class students at risk according to several studies. It could be shown that an achievement gap opens between working class students attending a comprehensive and their middle class peers. Also working class students attending a Gymnasium or a Realschule outperform students from similar backgrounds attending a comprehensive. However it is not students attending a comprehensive, but students attending a Hauptschule, who perform the poorest."}], ["Menjelang tahun 1975 majoriti pihak berkuasa tempatan di England dan Wales telah meninggalkan pemeriksaan 11-plus dan berpindah ke sistem yang komprehensif. Sepanjang tempoh 10 tahun banyak sekolah moden menengah dan sekolah tatabahasa disatukan untuk membentuk komprehensif kejiranan yang besar, sementara beberapa sekolah baru dibina untuk menampung populasi sekolah yang semakin meningkat. Menjelang pertengahan 1970-an sistem itu telah hampir dilaksanakan sepenuhnya, dengan hampir tiada sekolah menengah moden yang tinggal. Banyak sekolah tatabahasa tertutup atau berubah menjadi status yang komprehensif. Sesetengah pihak berkuasa tempatan, termasuk Sandwell dan Dudley di West Midlands, menukar semua sekolah menengah negeri ke sekolah-sekolah yang komprehensif pada tahun 1970-an. <> Dengan tahun apa peperiksaan 11-plus tidak dapat diguna pakai? || 1975 <> Apakah sekolah menengah dan tatabahasa menengah bergabung? || komprehensif kejiranan <> Sekolah-sekolah tatabahasa yang tidak ditutup ditukar kepada apa? || sekolah komprehensif <> Apakah dua lokasi di mana semua sekolah menengah telah diubah menjadi komprehensif pada tahun 70-an? || Sandwell dan Dudley <> Pada tahun apa tidak peperiksaan 11-plus terutamanya tidak digunakan? || <> Pada tahun apakah peperiksaan 21-plus tidak dapat diguna pakai? || <> Apa yang tidak bergabung dengan sekolah menengah moden dan tatabahasa? || <> Sekolah tatabahasa yang ditutup ditukar kepada apa? || <> Apakah dua lokasi di mana semua sekolah menengah telah diubah menjadi komprehensif dalam '60s? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "By what year did the 11-plus exam mainly fall out of use?", "id": "56dc7d3514d3a41400c26905", "answers": [{"text": "1975", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did secondary modern and grammar schools combine to become?", "id": "56dc7d3514d3a41400c26906", "answers": [{"text": "neighbourhood comprehensives", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Grammar schools that did not close were converted to what?", "id": "56dc7d3514d3a41400c26907", "answers": [{"text": "comprehensive schools", "answer_start": 675}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two locations in which all secondary schools were converted to comprehensives in the '70s?", "id": "56dc7d3514d3a41400c26908", "answers": [{"text": "Sandwell and Dudley", "answer_start": 587}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1975", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "By what year didn't the 11-plus exam mainly fall out of use?", "id": "5ad5ffa05b96ef001a10affa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1975", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "By what year did the 21-plus exam mainly fall out of use?", "id": "5ad5ffa05b96ef001a10affb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "neighbourhood comprehensives", "answer_start": 244}], "question": "What didn't secondary modern and grammar schools combine to become?", "id": "5ad5ffa05b96ef001a10affc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "comprehensive schools", "answer_start": 675}], "question": "Grammar schools that closed were converted to what?", "id": "5ad5ffa05b96ef001a10affd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sandwell and Dudley", "answer_start": 587}], "question": "What are two locations in which all secondary schools were converted to comprehensives in the '60s?", "id": "5ad5ffa05b96ef001a10affe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "By 1975 the majority of local authorities in England and Wales had abandoned the 11-plus examination and moved to a comprehensive system. Over that 10-year period many secondary modern schools and grammar schools were amalgamated to form large neighbourhood comprehensives, whilst a number of new schools were built to accommodate a growing school population. By the mid-1970s the system had been almost fully implemented, with virtually no secondary modern schools remaining. Many grammar schools were either closed or changed to comprehensive status. Some local authorities, including Sandwell and Dudley in the West Midlands, changed all of its state secondary schools to comprehensive schools during the 1970s."}], ["Sekolah-sekolah komprehensif telah diperkenalkan ke Ireland pada tahun 1966 oleh inisiatif oleh Patrick Hillery, Menteri Pendidikan, untuk memberikan pendidikan yang lebih luas berbanding dengan sistem sekolah vokasional, yang kemudiannya satu-satunya sistem sekolah yang dikawal sepenuhnya oleh kerajaan. Sehingga itu, pendidikan di Ireland sebahagian besarnya didominasi oleh persuasi agama, terutama sistem sekolah menengah sukarela yang menyedari ini. Sistem sekolah yang komprehensif masih kecil dan setakat telah digantikan oleh konsep sekolah masyarakat. Kata Ireland untuk sekolah yang komprehensif adalah 'chuimsitheach scoil.' <> Bilakah pertama Ireland membuka sekolah komprehensif? || 1966 <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab untuk mewujudkan sekolah yang komprehensif di Ireland? || Patrick Hillery <> Apa satu-satunya sistem pendidikan negara di Ireland sebelum sekolah-sekolah yang komprehensif? || sistem sekolah vokasional <> Sekolah jenis apa yang telah melepasi sekolah komprehensif di Ireland? || komuniti sekolah <> Bilakah Ireland membuka sekolah komprehensif yang terakhir? || <> Bilakah Ireland mula mendirikan sekolah yang komprehensif? || <> Siapa yang tidak bertanggungjawab untuk mewujudkan sekolah yang komprehensif di Ireland? || <> Apa yang tidak satu-satunya sistem pendidikan negara di Ireland sebelum sekolah yang komprehensif? || <> Jenis sekolah apa yang telah melepasi sekolah yang tidak komprehensif di Ireland? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Ireland first open comprehensive schools?", "id": "56dc798714d3a41400c268d1", "answers": [{"text": "1966", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was responsible for creating comprehensive schools in Ireland?", "id": "56dc798714d3a41400c268d2", "answers": [{"text": "Patrick Hillery", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the only state-run educational system in Ireland prior to comprehensive schools?", "id": "56dc798714d3a41400c268d3", "answers": [{"text": "vocational school system", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of school has surpassed comprehensive schools in Ireland?", "id": "56dc798714d3a41400c268d4", "answers": [{"text": "community school", "answer_start": 556}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1966", "answer_start": 54}], "question": "When did Ireland last open comprehensive schools?", "id": "5ad5fd485b96ef001a10afbe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1966", "answer_start": 54}], "question": "When did Ireland first close comprehensive schools?", "id": "5ad5fd485b96ef001a10afbf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Patrick Hillery", "answer_start": 79}], "question": "Who was unresponsible for creating comprehensive schools in Ireland?", "id": "5ad5fd485b96ef001a10afc0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "vocational school system", "answer_start": 181}], "question": "What wasn't the only state-run educational system in Ireland prior to comprehensive schools?", "id": "5ad5fd485b96ef001a10afc1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "community school", "answer_start": 556}], "question": "What type of school has surpassed uncomprehensive schools in Ireland?", "id": "5ad5fd485b96ef001a10afc2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Comprehensive schools were introduced into Ireland in 1966 by an initiative by Patrick Hillery, Minister for Education, to give a broader range of education compared to that of the vocational school system, which was then the only system of schools completely controlled by the state. Until then, education in Ireland was largely dominated by religious persuasion, particularly the voluntary secondary school system was a particular realisation of this. The comprehensive school system is still relatively small and to an extent has been superseded by the community school concept. The Irish word for a comprehensive school is a 'scoil chuimsitheach.'"}], ["Pengembangan terbesar sekolah komprehensif pada tahun 1965 disebabkan oleh keputusan dasar yang diambil pada tahun 1965 oleh Anthony Crosland, Setiausaha Negara untuk Pendidikan pada tahun 1964-1970. Keputusan dasar dilaksanakan oleh Pekeliling 10/65, arahan kepada pihak berkuasa pendidikan tempatan untuk merancang penukaran. Pelajar duduk di 11+ peperiksaan pada tahun lepas pendidikan rendah mereka dan dihantar ke salah satu sekolah menengah atau teknikal menengah atau sekolah menengah bergantung kepada kemampuan mereka yang dilihat. Sekolah teknikal sekunder tidak pernah dilaksanakan secara meluas dan selama 20 tahun terdapat sistem bipartit maya yang menyaksikan persaingan yang sengit untuk tempat sekolah tatabahasa yang ada, yang bervariasi antara 15% dan 25% daripada jumlah tempat sekunder, bergantung kepada lokasi. > Siapakah yang bertanggungjawab terhadap percambahan sekolah komprehensif pada tahun 1965? || Anthony Crosland <> apa peranan Anthony Crosland dalam kerajaan? || Setiausaha Negara untuk Pendidikan <> Jenis sekolah mana yang tidak digunakan secara meluas? || Sekolah-sekolah teknikal sekunder <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab terhadap perkembangan sekolah yang tidak komprehensif pada tahun 1965? || <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab terhadap percambahan sekolah komprehensif pada tahun 1956? || <> Siapa yang tidak bertanggungjawab terhadap percambahan sekolah komprehensif pada tahun 1965? || <> apa yang bukan peranan Anthony Crosland dalam kerajaan? || <> Jenis sekolah mana yang digunakan secara meluas? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was responsible for the proliferation of comprehensive schools in 1965?", "id": "56dc7c3114d3a41400c268ef", "answers": [{"text": "Anthony Crosland", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what was Anthony Crosland's role in government?", "id": "56dc7c3114d3a41400c268f0", "answers": [{"text": "Secretary of State for Education", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which type of school was not in widespread usage?", "id": "56dc7c3114d3a41400c268f2", "answers": [{"text": "Secondary technical schools", "answer_start": 509}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Anthony Crosland", "answer_start": 104}], "question": "Who was responsible for the proliferation of uncomprehensive schools in 1965?", "id": "5ad5feed5b96ef001a10afe6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Anthony Crosland", "answer_start": 104}], "question": "Who was responsible for the proliferation of comprehensive schools in 1956?", "id": "5ad5feed5b96ef001a10afe7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Anthony Crosland", "answer_start": 104}], "question": "Who wasn't responsible for the proliferation of comprehensive schools in 1965?", "id": "5ad5feed5b96ef001a10afe8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Secretary of State for Education", "answer_start": 122}], "question": "what wasn't Anthony Crosland's role in government?", "id": "5ad5feed5b96ef001a10afe9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Secondary technical schools", "answer_start": 509}], "question": "Which type of school was in widespread usage?", "id": "5ad5feed5b96ef001a10afea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The largest expansion of comprehensive schools in 1965 resulted from a policy decision taken in 1965 by Anthony Crosland, Secretary of State for Education in the 1964\u20131970 Labour government. The policy decision was implemented by Circular 10/65, an instruction to local education authorities to plan for conversion. Students sat the 11+ examination in their last year of primary education and were sent to one of a secondary modern, secondary technical or grammar school depending on their perceived ability. Secondary technical schools were never widely implemented and for 20 years there was a virtual bipartite system which saw fierce competition for the available grammar school places, which varied between 15% and 25% of total secondary places, depending on location.[citation needed]"}], ["Terdapat beberapa kontroversi mengenai sekolah komprehensif. Sebagai peraturan yang menyokong Parti Kiri, Parti Demokratik Sosial Jerman dan Perikatan '90 / The Greens memihak kepada sekolah yang komprehensif, sementara yang menyokong Kesatuan Demokratik Kristian dan Parti Demokratik Bebas menentang mereka. <> Apa yang tidak ada kontroversi? || <> Apa yang umumnya tidak menyokong sekolah komprehensif? || <> Apa yang umumnya memihak kepada sekolah yang tidak komprehensif? || <> Apa yang umumnya memihak kepada sekolah yang komprehensif? || <> Apa yang umumnya memihak kepada hospital yang komprehensif? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "comprehensive schools", "answer_start": 32}], "question": "What isn't some controversy about?", "id": "5ad5faef5b96ef001a10af8c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "those supporting The Left Party, the Social Democratic Party of Germany and Alliance '90/The Greens", "answer_start": 74}], "question": "What aren't generally in favor of comprehensive schools?", "id": "5ad5faef5b96ef001a10af8d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "those supporting The Left Party, the Social Democratic Party of Germany and Alliance '90/The Greens", "answer_start": 74}], "question": "What are generally in favor of uncomprehensive schools?", "id": "5ad5faef5b96ef001a10af8e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "those supporting the Christian Democratic Union and the Free Democratic Party", "answer_start": 220}], "question": "What are generally in favor of comprehensive schools?", "id": "5ad5faef5b96ef001a10af8f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "those supporting the Christian Democratic Union and the Free Democratic Party", "answer_start": 220}], "question": "What are generally in favor of comprehensive hospitals?", "id": "5ad5faef5b96ef001a10af90", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There is some controversy about comprehensive schools. As a rule of thumb those supporting The Left Party, the Social Democratic Party of Germany and Alliance '90/The Greens are in favour of comprehensive schools, while those supporting the Christian Democratic Union and the Free Democratic Party are opposed to them."}], ["Scotland mempunyai sistem pendidikan yang sangat berbeza dari England dan Wales, walaupun juga berdasarkan pendidikan komprehensif. Ia mempunyai umur pemindahan yang berbeza, pemeriksaan yang berbeza dan falsafah pilihan dan peruntukan yang berbeza. Semua sekolah rendah dan menengah yang dibiayai secara awam adalah menyeluruh. Kerajaan Scotland telah menolak rancangan untuk sekolah pakar pada tahun 2005. <> Semua sekolah rendah dan menengah awam di Scotland adalah jenis apa? || komprehensif <> Apa yang Scotland menolak untuk mengadopsi? || sekolah pakar <> Bilakah penolakan terbaru Scotland terhadap model sekolah pakar? || 2005 <> Semua sekolah rendah dan menengah swasta di Scotland adalah jenis apa? || <> Semua sekolah rendah dan menengah awam di England adalah jenis apa? || <> Apa yang England enggan mengamalkan? || <> Bilakah penolakan terbaru dari model sekolah pakar England? || <> Bilakah tidak penolakan terbaru Scotland terhadap model sekolah pakar? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "All public primary and secondary schools in Scotland are of what type?", "id": "56dc7e6714d3a41400c26921", "answers": [{"text": "comprehensive", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has Scotland refused to adopt?", "id": "56dc7e6714d3a41400c26922", "answers": [{"text": "specialist schools", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Scotland's latest rejection of the specialist school model?", "id": "56dc7e6714d3a41400c26923", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "comprehensive", "answer_start": 94}], "question": "All private primary and secondary schools in Scotland are of what type?", "id": "5ad6012e5b96ef001a10b018", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "comprehensive", "answer_start": 94}], "question": "All public primary and secondary schools in England are of what type?", "id": "5ad6012e5b96ef001a10b019", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "specialist schools", "answer_start": 345}], "question": "What has England refused to adopt?", "id": "5ad6012e5b96ef001a10b01a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 370}], "question": "When was England's latest rejection of the specialist school model?", "id": "5ad6012e5b96ef001a10b01b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 370}], "question": "When wasn't Scotland's latest rejection of the specialist school model?", "id": "5ad6012e5b96ef001a10b01c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Scotland has a very different educational system from England and Wales, though also based on comprehensive education. It has different ages of transfer, different examinations and a different philosophy of choice and provision. All publicly funded primary and secondary schools are comprehensive. The Scottish Government has rejected plans for specialist schools as of 2005."}], ["Pendidikan di Ireland Utara berbeza sedikit daripada sistem yang digunakan di tempat lain di United Kingdom, tetapi ia lebih serupa dengan yang digunakan di England dan Wales daripada Scotland. <> Negara manakah sistem sekolah Northern England yang paling berbeza? || Scotland <> Negara mana yang mempunyai sistem sekolah agak serupa dengan Ireland Utara? || England dan Wales <> Negara manakah sistem sekolah Northern England yang paling berbeza? || <> Negara manakah sistem sekolah Northern Ireland yang paling berbeza? || <> Negara manakah sistem sekolah Northern England yang paling sama? || <> Negara mana yang mempunyai sistem sekolah yang sangat berbeza dari Ireland Utara? || <> Negara mana yang mempunyai sistem sekolah agak serupa dengan Utara England? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which country is Northern England's school system most different from?", "id": "56dc7e9a14d3a41400c26927", "answers": [{"text": "Scotland", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which countries have school systems somewhat similar to Northern Ireland?", "id": "56dc7e9a14d3a41400c26928", "answers": [{"text": "England and Wales", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Scotland", "answer_start": 169}], "question": "Which country isn't Northern England's school system most different from?", "id": "5ad601975b96ef001a10b022", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Scotland", "answer_start": 169}], "question": "Which country is Northern Ireland's school system most different from?", "id": "5ad601975b96ef001a10b023", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Scotland", "answer_start": 169}], "question": "Which country is Northern England's school system most same as?", "id": "5ad601975b96ef001a10b024", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "England and Wales", "answer_start": 137}], "question": "Which countries have school systems very different from Northern Ireland?", "id": "5ad601975b96ef001a10b025", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "England and Wales", "answer_start": 137}], "question": "Which countries have school systems somewhat similar to Northern England?", "id": "5ad601975b96ef001a10b026", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Education in Northern Ireland differs slightly from systems used elsewhere in the United Kingdom, but it is more similar to that used in England and Wales than it is to Scotland."}], ["Pada tahun 1976 Perdana Menteri buruh masa depan James Callaghan melancarkan apa yang dikenali sebagai 'perdebatan besar' mengenai sistem pendidikan. Beliau kemudiannya menyenaraikan bidang-bidang yang dia rasa memerlukan kajian yang paling mendalam: kes kurikulum teras, kesahihan dan penggunaan kaedah pengajaran tidak formal, peranan pemeriksaan sekolah dan masa depan sistem peperiksaan. Sekolah yang komprehensif kekal sebagai sekolah menengah negeri yang paling biasa di England, dan satu-satunya jenis di Wales. Mereka menyumbang kira-kira 90% murid, atau 64% jika seseorang tidak menghitung sekolah dengan pemilihan peringkat rendah. Angka ini berbeza mengikut rantau. <> Siapa yang memulakan pengawasan sistem pendidikan pada tahun 1976? || James Callaghan <> Apa satu-satunya sekolah yang beroperasi di Wales? || Sekolah yang komprehensif <> Yang mana parti politik adalah James Callaghan seorang ahli? || Buruh <> Siapa yang menamatkan pengawasan sistem pendidikan pada tahun 1976? || <> Siapa yang memulakan pengawasan sistem pendidikan pada tahun 1967? || <> Apa jenis sekolah yang tidak beroperasi di Wales? || <> Apakah satu-satunya sekolah yang beroperasi di England? || <> Parti politik mana yang James Callaghan bukan ahli? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who initiated the scrutiny of the educational system in 1976?", "id": "56dc7d9b14d3a41400c2690d", "answers": [{"text": "James Callaghan", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the only kind of school operating in Wales?", "id": "56dc7d9b14d3a41400c2690e", "answers": [{"text": "Comprehensive school", "answer_start": 348}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which political party was James Callaghan a member of?", "id": "56dc7d9b14d3a41400c2690f", "answers": [{"text": "Labour", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "James Callaghan", "answer_start": 41}], "question": "Who ended the scrutiny of the educational system in 1976?", "id": "5ad6006b5b96ef001a10b004", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "James Callaghan", "answer_start": 41}], "question": "Who initiated the scrutiny of the educational system in 1967?", "id": "5ad6006b5b96ef001a10b005", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Comprehensive school", "answer_start": 348}], "question": "What is the only kind of school not operating in Wales?", "id": "5ad6006b5b96ef001a10b006", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Comprehensive school", "answer_start": 348}], "question": "What is the only kind of school operating in England?", "id": "5ad6006b5b96ef001a10b007", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Labour", "answer_start": 19}], "question": "Which political party was James Callaghan not a member of?", "id": "5ad6006b5b96ef001a10b008", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1976 the future Labour prime minister James Callaghan launched what became known as the 'great debate' on the education system. He went on to list the areas he felt needed closest scrutiny: the case for a core curriculum, the validity and use of informal teaching methods, the role of school inspection and the future of the examination system. Comprehensive school remains the most common type of state secondary school in England, and the only type in Wales. They account for around 90% of pupils, or 64% if one does not count schools with low-level selection. This figure varies by region."}], ["Sejak Akta Pembaharuan Pendidikan 1988, ibu bapa mempunyai hak untuk memilih mana sekolah anak mereka harus pergi ke atau sama ada untuk tidak menghantar mereka ke sekolah sama sekali dan ke rumah mendidik mereka sebaliknya. Konsep \"pilihan sekolah\" memperkenalkan gagasan persaingan antara sekolah-sekolah negeri, perubahan asas kepada model asli \"kejiranan komprehensif\", dan sebahagiannya ditujukan sebagai cara yang mana sekolah-sekolah yang dianggap lebih rendah dipaksa sama ada untuk memperbaiki atau , jika tidak sesiapa mahu pergi ke sana, untuk menutup. Dasar kerajaan pada masa ini mempromosikan 'pengkhususan' di mana ibu bapa memilih sekolah menengah sesuai untuk kepentingan dan kemahiran anak mereka. Kebanyakan inisiatif memberi tumpuan kepada pilihan dan maklumat ibu bapa, melaksanakan insentif pseudo-pasaran untuk menggalakkan sekolah yang lebih baik. Logik ini telah menonjolkan jadual liga kontroversial prestasi sekolah. <> Undang-undang apa yang membolehkan ibu bapa mengawal sepenuhnya pendidikan anak mereka? || Akta Pembaharuan Pendidikan <> Pada tahun apakah Akta Pembaharuan Pendidikan menjadi undang-undang? || 1988 <> Konsep apa yang kerajaan kini menyokong untuk pendidikan? || pengkhususan <> Pilihan bapa telah memaklumkan amalan kontroversi? || jadual liga prestasi sekolah <> Apa undang-undang melumpuhkan kawalan ibu bapa ke atas pendidikan anak mereka? || <> Undang-undang apa yang membolehkan ibu bapa tidak mengawal pendidikan anak mereka? || <> Pada tahun apakah Akta Pembaharuan Pendidikan dibatalkan? || <> Konsep apa yang kini kerajaan tidak menyokong pendidikan? || <> Pilihan ibu bapa tidak memaklumkan amalan kontroversi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What law enables parents full control over their child's education?", "id": "56dc7e1b14d3a41400c26919", "answers": [{"text": "Education Reform Act", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the Education Reform Act made into law?", "id": "56dc7e1b14d3a41400c2691a", "answers": [{"text": "1988", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What concept does the government currently support for education?", "id": "56dc7e1b14d3a41400c2691b", "answers": [{"text": "specialisation", "answer_start": 559}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Parental choice has informed what controversial practice?", "id": "56dc7e1b14d3a41400c2691c", "answers": [{"text": "league tables of school performance", "answer_start": 841}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Education Reform Act", "answer_start": 15}], "question": "What law disables parents full control over their child's education?", "id": "5ad600cb5b96ef001a10b00e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Education Reform Act", "answer_start": 15}], "question": "What law enables parents no control over their child's education?", "id": "5ad600cb5b96ef001a10b00f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1988", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "In what year was the Education Reform Act scrapped?", "id": "5ad600cb5b96ef001a10b010", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "specialisation", "answer_start": 559}], "question": "What concept does the government currently not support for education?", "id": "5ad600cb5b96ef001a10b011", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "league tables of school performance", "answer_start": 841}], "question": "Parental choice hasn't informed what controversial practice?", "id": "5ad600cb5b96ef001a10b012", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Since the 1988 Education Reform Act, parents have a right to choose which school their child should go to or whether to not send them to school at all and to home educate them instead. The concept of \"school choice\" introduces the idea of competition between state schools, a fundamental change to the original \"neighbourhood comprehensive\" model, and is partly intended as a means by which schools that are perceived to be inferior are forced either to improve or, if hardly anyone wants to go there, to close down. Government policy is currently promoting 'specialisation' whereby parents choose a secondary school appropriate for their child's interests and skills. Most initiatives focus on parental choice and information, implementing a pseudo-market incentive to encourage better schools. This logic has underpinned the controversial league tables of school performance."}]], [["Berikutan semakan semula perlembagaan Perancis yang menubuhkan Republik Kelima pada tahun 1958, AEF dibubarkan ke bahagian konstituennya, masing-masing menjadi koloni otonom dalam Komuniti Perancis. Semasa reformasi ini, Kongo Tengah dikenali sebagai Republik Congo pada tahun 1958 dan menerbitkan perlembagaan pertamanya pada tahun 1959. Antagonisme antara pro-Opangault Mbochis dan pro-Youlou Balalis mengakibatkan beberapa rusuhan di Brazzaville pada bulan Februari 1959, yang Tentera Perancis lemah. <> Bilakah Republik Kelima ditubuhkan? || 1958 <> Apa yang dibubarkan pada tahun 1958? || AEF <> Pada tahun 1958, apa yang disebut Congo Tengah menukar namanya? || Republik Congo <> Bilakah Kongo menubuhkan perlembagaan pertama? || 1959 <> Bilakah Republik Kedua ditubuhkan? || <> Apa yang membentuk Republik Ketiga? || <> Bilakah Republik Congo dikenali sebagai Tengah Congo? || <> Di manakah Mbochis menyerang rusuhan? || <> Siapa yang menimbulkan beberapa rusuhan pada tahun 1959? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Fifth Republic founded?", "id": "56dce5b69a695914005b9468", "answers": [{"text": "1958", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was disbanded in 1958?", "id": "56dce5b69a695914005b9469", "answers": [{"text": "the AEF", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1958, what did the Middle Congo change its name to?", "id": "56dce5b69a695914005b946a", "answers": [{"text": "the Republic of the Congo", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Congo establish its first constitution?", "id": "56dce5b69a695914005b946b", "answers": [{"text": "1959", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1958", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "When was the Second Republic established?", "id": "5acffe3177cf76001a686720", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "revision of the French constitution", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "What established the Third Republic?", "id": "5acffe3177cf76001a686721", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1958", "answer_start": 292}], "question": "When did the Republic of the Congo become known as Middle Congo?", "id": "5acffe3177cf76001a686722", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Brazzaville", "answer_start": 448}], "question": "Where did the Mbochis subdue a riot?", "id": "5acffe3177cf76001a686723", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "French Army", "answer_start": 488}], "question": "Who subdued a series of riots in 1959?", "id": "5acffe3177cf76001a686724", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Following the revision of the French constitution that established the Fifth Republic in 1958, the AEF dissolved into its constituent parts, each of which became an autonomous colony within the French Community. During these reforms, Middle Congo became known as the Republic of the Congo in 1958 and published its first constitution in 1959. Antagonism between the pro-Opangault Mbochis and the pro-Youlou Balalis resulted in a series of riots in Brazzaville in February 1959, which the French Army subdued."}], ["Kestabilan politik dan pembangunan pengeluaran hidrokarbon menjadikan Republik Congo sebagai pengeluar minyak keempat terbesar di Teluk Guinea dan menyediakan negara dengan kemakmuran relatif walaupun keadaan infrastruktur dan perkhidmatan awamnya yang kurang baik dan pengagihan pendapatan minyak yang tidak sama rata. <> Apakah pangkat Congo di kalangan negara-negara penjanaan minyak lain di Teluk Guinea? || keempat <> Pendapatan apa yang tertakluk kepada pengagihan tidak sekata di Congo? || Hasil minyak <> Faktor apa yang menyebabkan Republik Congo menjadi pengeluar minyak ketiga terbesar di Teluk Guinea? || <> Apakah pangkat Congo di antara semua negara yang menjana minyak di dunia? || <> Pendapatan apa yang diedarkan sama rata di Kongo? || <> Status ekonomi apa yang menyebabkan pendapatan minyak gagal untuk menyediakan untuk Kongo? || <> Apa jenis perkhidmatan di Congo dalam keadaan baik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Congo's rank among other oil generating nations in the Gulf of Guinea?", "id": "56dcdb2e66d3e219004dab30", "answers": [{"text": "fourth", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What income is subject to uneven distribution in the Congo?", "id": "56dcdb2e66d3e219004dab31", "answers": [{"text": "oil revenues", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "political stability and development of hydrocarbon production", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What factors led to the Republic of Congo being the third largest oil producer in the Gulf of Guinea?", "id": "5acff6cc77cf76001a686676", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fourth", "answer_start": 93}], "question": "What is the Congo's rank among all the oil generating nations of the world?", "id": "5acff6cc77cf76001a686677", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "oil revenues", "answer_start": 291}], "question": "What income is evenly distributed in the Congo?", "id": "5acff6cc77cf76001a686678", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "relative prosperity", "answer_start": 175}], "question": "What economic status did oil revenue fail to provide for the Congo?", "id": "5acff6cc77cf76001a686679", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "public", "answer_start": 244}], "question": "What kind of services in the Congo are in good shape?", "id": "5acff6cc77cf76001a68667a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The political stability and development of hydrocarbon production made Republic of Congo the fourth largest oil producer in the Gulf of Guinea and provided the country with a relative prosperity despite the poor state of its infrastructure and public services and an unequal distribution of oil revenues."}], ["Wilayah ini didominasi oleh suku-suku berbahasa Bantu, yang membina hubungan perdagangan menuju ke lembah Sungai Congo. Congo-Brazzaville dahulunya adalah sebahagian daripada koloni Perancis di Equatorial Africa. Selepas kemerdekaan pada tahun 1960, bekas tanah jajahan Congo Perancis menjadi Republik Congo. Republik Rakyat Congo adalah satu negara parti Marxis-Leninis dari tahun 1970 hingga 1991. Pilihan raya multi-parti telah diadakan sejak tahun 1992, walaupun pemerintah yang dipilih secara demokratik digulingkan pada Perang saudara Republik Congo 1997 dan Presiden Denis Sassou Nguesso telah memerintah selama 26 tahun yang lalu. <> Bahasa apa yang digunakan di kawasan yang menjadi Kongo? || Bantu <> Bilakah Congo memperoleh kemerdekaan dari pemerintahan kolonial? || 1960 <> Siapa penguasa Kongo? || Denis Sassou Nguesso <> Tajuk apa yang dipegang Nguesso? || Presiden <> Bahasa apa yang dikuasai Afrika Khatulistiwa? || <> Bilakah Congo kehilangan kemerdekaannya dari pemerintahan kolonial? || <> Tahun apakah Presiden Denis Sassou Nguesso digulingkan? || <> Apa konflik yang dikeluarkan Presiden Denis Sassou Nguesso dari kuasa? || <> Berapa tahunkah Presiden Denis Sassou Nguesso memerintah kerajaan yang dipilih secara demokratik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What language was spoken in the area that became the Congo?", "id": "56dcda7b9a695914005b9454", "answers": [{"text": "Bantu", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Congo gain its independence from colonial rule?", "id": "56dcda7b9a695914005b9455", "answers": [{"text": "1960", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the ruler of the Congo?", "id": "56dcda7b9a695914005b9457", "answers": [{"text": "Denis Sassou Nguesso", "answer_start": 539}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What title does Nguesso hold?", "id": "56dcda7b9a695914005b9458", "answers": [{"text": "President", "answer_start": 529}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bantu", "answer_start": 28}], "question": "What language dominated Equatorial Africa?", "id": "5acff5ca77cf76001a686632", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1960", "answer_start": 209}], "question": "When did the Congo lose its independence from colonial rule?", "id": "5acff5ca77cf76001a686633", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1997", "answer_start": 488}], "question": "What year was President Denis Sassou Nguesso ousted? ", "id": "5acff5ca77cf76001a686634", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Republic of the Congo Civil War", "answer_start": 493}], "question": "What conflict removed President Denis Sassou Nguesso from power?", "id": "5acff5ca77cf76001a686635", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "26", "answer_start": 574}], "question": "How many years did President Denis Sassou Nguesso rule the democratically elected government?", "id": "5acff5ca77cf76001a686636", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The region was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes, who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. Congo-Brazzaville was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa. Upon independence in 1960, the former colony of French Congo became the Republic of the Congo. The People's Republic of the Congo was a Marxist\u2013Leninist one-party state from 1970 to 1991. Multi-party elections have been held since 1992, although a democratically elected government was ousted in the 1997 Republic of the Congo Civil War and President Denis Sassou Nguesso has ruled for 26 of the past 36 years."}], ["Orang-orang yang berbahasa Bantu yang mengasaskan puak-puak semasa pengembangan Bantu sebahagian besarnya mengungsi dan menyerap penduduk paling awal di rantau ini, orang Pygmy, sekitar 1500 SM. Kumpulan Bakongo, sebuah kumpulan etnik Bantu yang turut menduduki bahagian-bahagian dari Angola, Gabon, dan Republik Demokratik Kongo sekarang ini, membentuk dasar untuk pertalian etnis dan persaingan antara negara-negara tersebut. Beberapa kerajaan Bantu-terutamanya orang-orang Kongo, Loango, dan hubungan perdagangan yang dibina oleh Teke menuju ke lembah Sungai Congo. <> Apa kumpulan orang yang tinggal di kawasan yang akan menjadi Congo sebelum kedatangan suku Bantu? || Pygmy <> Bilakah suku Bantu datang ke kawasan yang dahulunya dihuni oleh orang Pygmy? || 1500 SM <> The Bakongo adalah kumpulan yang berasal dari puak mana? || Bantu <> Bahasa apa yang dikatakan oleh orang Pygmy? || <> Bilakah orang Pygmy menggantikan Bantu? || <> Apakah orang Pygmy menjadi asas untuk? || <> Apa Bantu kerajaan tidak pernah diniagakan dengan lembangan Sungai Congo? || <> Apa kerajaan Pygmy membina hubungan perdagangan dengan lembangan Sungai Congo? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What group of people were living in the area that would become the Congo prior to the arrival of Bantu tribes?", "id": "56dcdbe566d3e219004dab35", "answers": [{"text": "Pygmy", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Bantu tribes arrive in the area formerly populated by the Pygmy people?", "id": "56dcdbe566d3e219004dab36", "answers": [{"text": "1500 BC", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Bakongo were a group derived from which tribes?", "id": "56dcdbe566d3e219004dab37", "answers": [{"text": "Bantu", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bantu", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What language did the Pygmy people speak?", "id": "5acff76f77cf76001a686694", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1500 BC", "answer_start": 165}], "question": "When did the Pygmy people displace the Bantu?", "id": "5acff76f77cf76001a686695", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ethnic affinities and rivalries", "answer_start": 322}], "question": "What did the Pygmy people form a basis for?", "id": "5acff76f77cf76001a686696", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Loango", "answer_start": 432}], "question": "What Bantu kingdom never traded with the Congo River basin?", "id": "5acff76f77cf76001a686697", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kongo", "answer_start": 421}], "question": "What Pygmy kingdom built trade links with the Congo River basin?", "id": "5acff76f77cf76001a686698", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Bantu-speaking peoples who founded tribes during the Bantu expansions largely displaced and absorbed the earliest inhabitants of the region, the Pygmy people, about 1500 BC. The Bakongo, a Bantu ethnic group that also occupied parts of present-day Angola, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of the Congo, formed the basis for ethnic affinities and rivalries among those countries. Several Bantu kingdoms\u2014notably those of the Kongo, the Loango, and the Teke\u2014built trade links leading into the Congo River basin."}], ["Republik Congo menerima kemerdekaan penuh dari Perancis pada 15 Ogos 1960. Fulbert Youlou memerintah sebagai presiden pertama negara sehingga unsur-unsur buruh dan partai politik saingan menimbulkan pemberontakan selama tiga hari yang menggulingkannya. Tentera Congo mengambil alih negara ini secara ringkas dan memasang kerajaan sementara awam yang diketuai oleh Alphonse Massamba-D\u00e9bat. <> Pada tarikh apakah negara Congo sepenuhnya bebas daripada pemerintahan kolonial? || 15 Ogos 1960 <> Siapa pemimpin pertama Kongo yang bebas? || Fulbert Youlou <> Siapa yang mengganti Youlou? || Alphonse Massamba-D\u00e9bat <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab terhadap pemberontakan yang berakhir dengan penyingkiran Youlou? || unsur buruh dan parti politik saingan <> Siapa yang mengawal syarikat semasa peralihan dari Youlou ke Debat? || Tentera Kongo <> Bilakah Congo kehilangan kemerdekaan daripada pemerintahan kolonial? || <> Apa yang digulingkan Alphonse Massamba-D\u00e9bat dari kuasa? || <> Siapa yang memasang Fulbert Youlou sebagai ketua kerajaan sementara awam? || <> Apa yang berlaku di negara ini? || <> Bilakah Perancis menerima kemerdekaan dari Republik Congo? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the Congo made fully independent from colonial rule?", "id": "56dceb899a695914005b9472", "answers": [{"text": "August 15, 1960", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first leader of the independent Congo?", "id": "56dceb899a695914005b9473", "answers": [{"text": "Fulbert Youlou", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who replaced Youlou?", "id": "56dceb899a695914005b9474", "answers": [{"text": "Alphonse Massamba-D\u00e9bat", "answer_start": 354}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were responsible for the revolts that ended with Youlou's removal?", "id": "56dceb899a695914005b9475", "answers": [{"text": "labour elements and rival political parties", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who took control of the company during the transition from Youlou to Debat?", "id": "56dceb899a695914005b9476", "answers": [{"text": "Congolese military", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "August 15, 1960", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "When did the Congo lose independence from colonial rule?", "id": "5ad000ce77cf76001a686746", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "labour elements and rival political parties", "answer_start": 145}], "question": "What ousted Alphonse Massamba-D\u00e9bat from power?", "id": "5ad000ce77cf76001a686747", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congolese military", "answer_start": 242}], "question": "Who installed Fulbert Youlou as head of the civilian provisional government?", "id": "5ad000ce77cf76001a686748", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congolese military", "answer_start": 242}], "question": "What took charge of the country for a long time?", "id": "5ad000ce77cf76001a686749", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "August 15, 1960", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "When did France receive independence from the Republic of Congo? ", "id": "5ad000ce77cf76001a68674a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-D\u00e9bat."}], ["Republik Congo (Perancis: R\u00e9publique du Congo), juga dikenali sebagai Congo, Republik Congo, Kongo Barat [rujukan?], Atau Kongo-Brazzaville, adalah sebuah negara yang terletak di Afrika Tengah. Ia bersempadan dengan lima negara: Gabon di barat; Kamerun di barat laut; Republik Afrika Tengah ke timur laut; Republik Demokratik Kongo di timur dan selatan; dan excavator Angola Cabinda ke barat daya. <> Apakah istilah Perancis untuk Republik Congo? || R\u00e9publique du Congo <> Negara mana yang terletak di sempadan timur laut Congo? || Republik Afrika Tengah <> Negara Whic terletak di sempadan barat Congo? || Gabon <> Negara mana yang terletak di sempadan barat laut Congo? || Kamerun <> Dalam apa bahagian Afrika yang terletak di Congo? || Afrika Tengah <> Apakah nama Angola untuk Republik Congo? || <> Apa negara bersempadan dengan barat Gabon? || <> Apa sempadan barat laut Cameroon? || <> Apakah nama Perancis untuk Gabon? || <> Apa yang dikenali sebagai Republik Afrika Tengah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the French term for the Republic of the Congo?", "id": "56dcd9ef9a695914005b944a", "answers": [{"text": "R\u00e9publique du Congo", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which country lies on Congo's northeast border?", "id": "56dcd9ef9a695914005b944b", "answers": [{"text": "Central African Republic", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whic country lies on Congo's western border?", "id": "56dcd9ef9a695914005b944c", "answers": [{"text": "Gabon", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which country lies on Congo's northwest border?", "id": "56dcd9ef9a695914005b944d", "answers": [{"text": "Cameroon", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what part of Africa is the Congo located?", "id": "56dcd9ef9a695914005b944e", "answers": [{"text": "Central Africa", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "R\u00e9publique du Congo", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "What is the Angolan name for The Republic of the Congo?", "id": "5acff47177cf76001a68660a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Republic of the Congo", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What country borders the west of Gabon?", "id": "5acff47177cf76001a68660b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Central African Republic", "answer_start": 265}], "question": "What borders northwest Cameroon?", "id": "5acff47177cf76001a68660c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "R\u00e9publique du Congo", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "What is the French name for Gabon?", "id": "5acff47177cf76001a68660d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congo-Brazzaville", "answer_start": 126}], "question": "What is the Central African Republic also known as?", "id": "5acff47177cf76001a68660e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Republic of the Congo (French: R\u00e9publique du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest."}], ["Semasa pendudukan Nazi Perancis semasa Perang Dunia II, Brazzaville berfungsi sebagai ibu kota simbolik Free France antara tahun 1940 dan 1943. Persidangan Brazzaville tahun 1944 menggambarkan pembaharuan utama dalam dasar penjajah Perancis. Kongo mendapat manfaat daripada pengembangan perang pentadbiran dan infrastruktur penjajah selepas akibat dari lokasi geografi pusatnya di AEF dan ibukota persekutuan di Brazzaville. Ia juga menerima badan perundangan setempat selepas penggunaan perlembagaan 1946 yang membentuk Republik Keempat. <> Apa yang menjadi ibu kota Perancis dalam semangat semasa Pendudukan? || Brazzaville <> Mesyuarat apa yang membawa perubahan dalam dasar Perancis ke arah tanah jajahannya? || Konferensi Brazzaville 1944 <> Bilakah Brazzaville mendapat kerajaan tempatan sendiri? || 1946 <> Apakah perlembagaan 1946 menubuhkan Brazzaville sebagai? || Republik Keempat <> Apa yang berfungsi sebagai ibu kota simbolik Perancis semasa Perang Dunia I? || <> Bilakah Brazzaville ditubuhkan sebagai Republik Ketiga? || <> Apakah modal simbolik Nazi dari tahun 1940 hingga 1943? || <> Apa yang menghentikan Congo daripada mendapat manfaat daripada pengembangan perang pentadbiran dan infrastruktur kolonial? || <> Apa jenis perundangan yang diterima Brazzaville sebelum tahun 1946? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What served as the capital of France in spirit during the Occupation?", "id": "56dce55f66d3e219004dab51", "answers": [{"text": "Brazzaville", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What meeting brought about changes in France's policy towards its colonies?", "id": "56dce55f66d3e219004dab52", "answers": [{"text": "Brazzaville Conference of 1944", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Brazzaville get its own local government?", "id": "56dce55f66d3e219004dab53", "answers": [{"text": "1946", "answer_start": 498}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the 1946 constitution establish Brazzaville as?", "id": "56dce55f66d3e219004dab54", "answers": [{"text": "the Fourth Republic", "answer_start": 533}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Brazzaville", "answer_start": 58}], "question": "What served as the symbolic capital of France during World War I?", "id": "5acffd8177cf76001a6866fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1946", "answer_start": 498}], "question": "When was Brazzaville established as the Third Republic?", "id": "5acffd8177cf76001a6866fd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Brazzaville", "answer_start": 58}], "question": "What was the symbolic capital of the Nazis from 1940 to 1943? ", "id": "5acffd8177cf76001a6866fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "central geographic location", "answer_start": 356}], "question": "What stopped Congo from benefiting from the postwar expansion of colonial administrative and infrastructure spending?", "id": "5acffd8177cf76001a6866ff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "local", "answer_start": 454}], "question": "What kind of legislature did Brazzaville receive prior to 1946?", "id": "5acffd8177cf76001a686700", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During the Nazi occupation of France during World War II, Brazzaville functioned as the symbolic capital of Free France between 1940 and 1943. The Brazzaville Conference of 1944 heralded a period of major reform in French colonial policy. Congo benefited from the postwar expansion of colonial administrative and infrastructure spending as a result of its central geographic location within AEF and the federal capital at Brazzaville. It also received a local legislature after the adoption of the 1946 constitution that established the Fourth Republic."}], ["Penjelajah Portugis Diogo C\u00e3o mencapai mulut Kongo pada tahun 1484. Hubungan komersil dengan cepat berkembang antara kerajaan Bantu pedalaman dan pedagang Eropah yang menjual pelbagai komoditi, barangan buatan, dan orang yang ditangkap dari kawasan pedalaman. Selepas berabad-abad sebagai hab utama untuk perdagangan transatlantik, penjajahan Eropah langsung dari delta sungai Kongo bermula pada akhir abad ke-19, kemudiannya mengikis kuasa masyarakat Bantu di rantau ini. <> Ekspedisi siapa yang tiba di mulut Sungai Congo pada tahun 1484? || Diogo C\u00e3o <> Apakah kewarganegaraan Diogo Cao? || Portugis <> Apa pedagang Eropah bertukar dengan orang Bantu? || komoditi, barangan buatan, dan rakyat <> Bilakah memulakan penjajahan formal di Delta Sungai Congo? || lewat abad ke 19 <> Kolonisasi mengurangkan kuasa kumpulan apa di lembangan Sungai Congo? || Bantu masyarakat <> Apa penjelajah Bantu mencapai mulut Kongo pada tahun 1484? || <> Apa contoh sesuatu yang tidak diperdagangkan antara peniaga Bantu dan Eropah? || <> Apa yang bertanggungjawab atas kuasa masyarakat Bantu yang berkembang pada abad ke-19? || <> Kawasan apa yang Bantu menjajah di akhir abad ke-19? || <> Kolonisasi meningkatkan kuasa kumpulan apa di lembah Sungai Congo? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Whose expedition arrived at the mouth of the Congo River in 1484?", "id": "56dcdca466d3e219004dab3d", "answers": [{"text": "Diogo C\u00e3o", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Diogo Cao's nationality?", "id": "56dcdca466d3e219004dab3e", "answers": [{"text": "Portuguese", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did European traders exchange with Bantu people?", "id": "56dcdca466d3e219004dab3f", "answers": [{"text": "commodities, manufactured goods, and people", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did formal colonization of the Congo River delta begin?", "id": "56dcdca466d3e219004dab40", "answers": [{"text": "late 19th century", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Colonization reduced the power of what groups in the Congo River basin?", "id": "56dcdca466d3e219004dab41", "answers": [{"text": "Bantu societies", "answer_start": 443}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Diogo C\u00e3o", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "What Bantu explorer reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484?", "id": "5acff89a77cf76001a6866a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "manufactured goods", "answer_start": 201}], "question": "What is an example of something that was not traded between the Bantu and European merchants?", "id": "5acff89a77cf76001a6866a9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "European colonization", "answer_start": 326}], "question": "What was responsible for the power of Bantu societies growing in the late 19th century?", "id": "5acff89a77cf76001a6866aa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Congo river delta", "answer_start": 351}], "question": "What area did the Bantu colonize in the late 19th century?", "id": "5acff89a77cf76001a6866ab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bantu societies", "answer_start": 443}], "question": "Colonization increased the power of what group in the Congo River basin?", "id": "5acff89a77cf76001a6866ac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Portuguese explorer Diogo C\u00e3o reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484. Commercial relationships quickly grew between the inland Bantu kingdoms and European merchants who traded various commodities, manufactured goods, and people captured from the hinterlands. After centuries as a major hub for transatlantic trade, direct European colonization of the Congo river delta began in the late 19th century, subsequently eroding the power of the Bantu societies in the region."}], ["Di bawah perlembagaan tahun 1963, Massamba-D\u00e9bat dipilih sebagai Presiden selama lima tahun. Semasa istilah Massamba-D\u00e9bat di pejabat rejim mengguna pakai \"sosialisme saintifik\" sebagai ideologi perlembagaan negara. Pada tahun 1965, Congo menubuhkan hubungan dengan Kesatuan Soviet, Republik Rakyat China, Korea Utara dan Vietnam Utara. Rejimen Massamba-D\u00e9bat juga menjemput beberapa ratus pasukan tentera Cuba ke negara ini untuk melatih unit-unit milisi parti dan pasukan ini membantu kerajaannya bertahan dalam rampasan kuasa pada tahun 1966 yang dipimpin oleh pasukan payung yang setia kepada Presiden Marien Ngouabi yang akan datang. Walau bagaimanapun, Massamba-D\u00e9bat tidak dapat mendamaikan pelbagai puak institusi, puak dan ideologi di dalam negara dan rejimnya berakhir secara tiba-tiba dengan rampasan kuasa tanpa darah pada bulan September 1968. <> Siapa yang menjadi presiden Kongo pada tahun 1963? || Massamba-D\u00e9bat <> Apa istilah yang dapat menggambarkan falsafah politik Kongo di bawah Massamba-Debat? || sosialisme saintifik <> Askar dari negara mana yang dibawa ke Kongo? || Cuba <> Bilakah Massamba-Debat kehilangan kuasa di Kongo? || September 1968 <> Apa ideologi negara sebelum istilah Massamba-D\u00e9bat di pejabat? || <> Bilakah Kesatuan Soviet menjalin hubungan dengan Korea Utara? || <> Siapa yang dipilih sebagai presiden selama 10 tahun? || <> Berapa banyak tentera China yang dijemput ke Kongo? || <> Bilakah ada rampasan kuasa yang dipimpin oleh pasukan payung yang setia kepada Massamba-D\u00e9bat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who became president of the Congo in 1963?", "id": "56dcec399a695914005b947c", "answers": [{"text": "Massamba-D\u00e9bat", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was a term that could describe the political philosophy of the Congo under Massamba-Debat?", "id": "56dcec399a695914005b947e", "answers": [{"text": "scientific socialism", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Soldiers from which country were brought to the Congo?", "id": "56dcec399a695914005b947f", "answers": [{"text": "Cuban", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Massamba-Debat lose power in the Congo?", "id": "56dcec399a695914005b9480", "answers": [{"text": "September 1968", "answer_start": 770}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "scientific socialism", "answer_start": 147}], "question": "What was the country's ideology before Massamba-D\u00e9bat's term in office?", "id": "5ad0030877cf76001a686756", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1965", "answer_start": 214}], "question": "When did the Soviet Union establish relations with North Korea?", "id": "5ad0030877cf76001a686757", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Massamba-D\u00e9bat", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "Who was elected president for a 10 year term?", "id": "5ad0030877cf76001a686758", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "several hundred", "answer_start": 371}], "question": "How many Chinese troops were invited into the Congo?", "id": "5ad0030877cf76001a686759", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1966", "answer_start": 514}], "question": "When was there a coup led by paratroopers loyal to Massamba-D\u00e9bat?", "id": "5ad0030877cf76001a68675a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Under the 1963 constitution, Massamba-D\u00e9bat was elected President for a five-year term. During Massamba-D\u00e9bat's term in office the regime adopted \"scientific socialism\" as the country's constitutional ideology. In 1965, Congo established relations with the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, North Korea and North Vietnam. Massamba-D\u00e9bat's regime also invited several hundred Cuban army troops into the country to train his party's militia units and these troops helped his government survive a coup in 1966 led by paratroopers loyal to future President Marien Ngouabi. Nevertheless, Massamba-D\u00e9bat was unable to reconcile various institutional, tribal and ideological factions within the country and his regime ended abruptly with a bloodless coup d'\u00e9tat in September 1968."}], ["Wilayah utara Sungai Congo berada di bawah kedaulatan Perancis pada tahun 1880 akibat perjanjian Pierre de Brazza dengan Makoko dari Bateke. Pada tahun 1908, Perancis menganjurkan Afrika Khatulistiwa Perancis (AEF), yang terdiri daripada Tengah Congo, Gabon, Chad, dan Oubangui-Chari (Republik Afrika Tengah moden). Perancis yang ditunjuk Brazzaville sebagai ibu kota persekutuan. Pembangunan ekonomi semasa 50 tahun penjajahan pertama di Kongo berpusat pada pengekstrakan sumber semula jadi. Kaedah ini sering kejam: pembinaan Kereta Api Kongo-Lautan selepas Perang Dunia I dianggarkan mempunyai kos sekurang-kurangnya 14,000 nyawa. <> Bilakah Perancis mengawal rantau ini ke utara Sungai Congo? || 1880 <> Siapakah yang mengutuk orang Makkah? || Pierre de Brazza <> Apa nama Perancis Kongo berubah pada tahun 1903? || Tengah Congo <> Apa kumpulan koloni Perancis yang dicipta pada tahun 1908? || Afrika Khatulistiwa Perancis <> Berapa banyak orang yang dianggarkan telah meninggal dunia akibat penciptaan Kereta Api Kongo-Lautan? || 14,000 <> Bilakah kawasan selatan Sungai Congo berada di bawah kedaulatan Perancis? || <> Bilakah Congo Tengah dikenali sebagai Perancis Congo? || <> Apa yang ditetapkan Bateke sebagai modal persekutuan? || <> Apa perkembangan ekonomi semasa 50 tahun pertama kolonial mengabaikan? || <> Berapa banyak nyawa yang hilang membina Kereta Api Kongo-Ocean sebelum Perang Dunia I? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the French take control of the region to the north of the Congo River?", "id": "56dcddb066d3e219004dab47", "answers": [{"text": "1880", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who brokered a traty with the Makoko people?", "id": "56dcddb066d3e219004dab48", "answers": [{"text": "Pierre de Brazza", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the French Congo's name changed to in 1903?", "id": "56dcddb066d3e219004dab49", "answers": [{"text": "Middle Congo", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group of French colonies was created in 1908?", "id": "56dcddb066d3e219004dab4a", "answers": [{"text": "French Equatorial Africa", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people are estimated to have died as a result of the creation of the Congo-Ocean Railroad?", "id": "56dcddb066d3e219004dab4b", "answers": [{"text": "14,000", "answer_start": 685}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1880", "answer_start": 67}], "question": "When did the area south of the Congo River come under French sovereignty? ", "id": "5acffbc877cf76001a6866e8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1903", "answer_start": 218}], "question": "When did Middle Congo become known as French Congo?", "id": "5acffbc877cf76001a6866e9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Brazzaville", "answer_start": 400}], "question": "What did the Bateke designate as the federal capital?", "id": "5acffbc877cf76001a6866ea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "natural-resource extraction", "answer_start": 521}], "question": "What did economic development during the first 50 years of colonial rule ignore?", "id": "5acffbc877cf76001a6866eb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "14,000", "answer_start": 685}], "question": "How many lives were lost building the Congo-Ocean Railroad before World War I?", "id": "5acffbc877cf76001a6866ec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke. This Congo Colony became known first as French Congo, then as Middle Congo in 1903. In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprising Middle Congo, Gabon, Chad, and Oubangui-Chari (the modern Central African Republic). The French designated Brazzaville as the federal capital. Economic development during the first 50 years of colonial rule in Congo centered on natural-resource extraction. The methods were often brutal: construction of the Congo\u2013Ocean Railroad following World War I has been estimated to have cost at least 14,000 lives."}], ["Sassou juga memenangi pilihan raya presiden yang berikut pada bulan Julai 2009. Menurut Balai Cerap Hak Asasi Manusia, sebuah organisasi bukan kerajaan, pemilihan itu ditandakan oleh \"pemilihan yang sangat rendah\" dan \"penipuan dan penyelewengan\". <> Siapa yang memenangi pemilihan presiden pada tahun 2009? || Sassou <> Kumpulan mana yang memberikan pengawasan untuk proses pemilihan pada tahun 2009? || Pengamatan Hak Asasi Manusia Kongo <> Pengundi jenis apa yang berpengalaman dalam Observatori Kongo Hak Asasi Manusia dalam pemilihan 2009? || sangat rendah <> Pilihan raya apa yang Sassou kalah? || <> Tahun apa Sassou kehilangan pemilihan semula? || <> Siapa kata pemilihan itu ditandakan oleh pemilihan yang sangat tinggi? || <> Apa organisasi kerajaan mengulas mengenai pilihan raya? || <> Berapa bulan Sassou kehilangan pilihan raya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who won the presidential election in 2009?", "id": "56dcf8689a695914005b94a0", "answers": [{"text": "Sassou", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which group provided oversight for the electoral process in 2009?", "id": "56dcf8689a695914005b94a1", "answers": [{"text": "Congolese Observatory of Human Rights", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of turnout did the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights experience in the 2009 elections?", "id": "56dcf8689a695914005b94a2", "answers": [{"text": "very low", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the following presidential election", "answer_start": 16}], "question": "What election did Sassou lose?", "id": "5ad00a9d77cf76001a6867e0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 60}], "question": "What year did Sassou lose re-election?", "id": "5ad00a9d77cf76001a6867e1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congolese Observatory of Human Rights", "answer_start": 83}], "question": "Who said the election was marked by very high turnout?", "id": "5ad00a9d77cf76001a6867e2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congolese Observatory of Human Rights", "answer_start": 83}], "question": "What governmental organization commented on the election?", "id": "5ad00a9d77cf76001a6867e3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "July", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "What month did Sassou lose an election in?", "id": "5ad00a9d77cf76001a6867e4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Sassou also won the following presidential election in July 2009. According to the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights, a non-governmental organization, the election was marked by \"very low\" turnout and \"fraud and irregularities\"."}], ["Pada tahun 2008, media utama dimiliki oleh kerajaan, tetapi banyak bentuk media yang tersendiri dibuat. Terdapat satu stesen televisyen milik kerajaan dan sekitar 10 saluran televisyen peribadi kecil. <> Siapa yang menguasai media di Kongo pada tahun 2008 || kerajaan <> Berapa banyak stesen TV kerajaan wujud? || satu <> Berapa banyak stesen yang lebih kecil yang tidak dijalankan oleh kerajaan? || 10 <> Bilakah media utama tidak dimiliki oleh kerajaan? || <> Apabila banyak bentuk media yang dikendalikan secara peribadi yang dimusnahkan? || <> Berapa banyak saluran televisyen peribadi yang besar di sana? || <> Berapa banyak stesen radio milik kerajaan yang ada di sana? || <> Berapa banyak stesen radio persendirian yang sedang berjalan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who controlled the media in the Congo in 2008", "id": "56dcfc1f66d3e219004dab75", "answers": [{"text": "the government", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many government TV stations exist?", "id": "56dcfc1f66d3e219004dab76", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many smaller stations exist that are not government-run?", "id": "56dcfc1f66d3e219004dab77", "answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When was the main media not owned by the government?", "id": "5ad013da77cf76001a6868ee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When were many privately run forms of media being destroyed?", "id": "5ad013da77cf76001a6868ef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 177}], "question": "How many large private television channels were there?", "id": "5ad013da77cf76001a6868f0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 126}], "question": "How many government owned radio stations were there? ", "id": "5ad013da77cf76001a6868f1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 177}], "question": "How many privately owned radio stations were running?", "id": "5ad013da77cf76001a6868f2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2008, the main media were owned by the government, but many more privately run forms of media were being created. There is one government-owned television station and around 10 small private television channels."}], ["Di peringkat antarabangsa, rejim Sassou telah dipukul oleh wahyu rasuah walaupun cuba menapis mereka. Satu siasatan Perancis mendapati lebih dari 110 akaun bank dan berpuluh-puluh harta mewah di Perancis; Sassou mengutuk penyiasatan penggelapan sebagai \"perkauman\" dan \"kolonial\". <> Apa rejim Sassou cuba menapis? || wahyu rasuah <> Negara apa yang menemui akaun bank dan harta tanah milik rejim Sassou? || Perancis <> Apa rejim Sassou tidak cuba menapis? || <> Apa rejim Sassou telah dilanda secara nasional? || <> Apa yang dicari oleh satu siasatan Jerman? || <> Apakah Perancis mengutuk siasatan penggelapan sebagai? || <> Negara apa yang tidak terdapat dalam hartanah mewah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What has Sassou's regime attempted to censor?", "id": "56dcf91c9a695914005b94ac", "answers": [{"text": "corruption revelations", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country found bank accounts and real estate owned by the Sassou regime?", "id": "56dcf91c9a695914005b94ad", "answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "corruption revelations", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "What did Sassou's regime not attempt to censor?", "id": "5ad0104777cf76001a686878", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "corruption revelations", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "What has Sassou's regime been hit by nationally?", "id": "5ad0104777cf76001a686879", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "over 110 bank accounts", "answer_start": 136}], "question": "What did one German investigation find?", "id": "5ad0104777cf76001a68687a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "racist", "answer_start": 251}], "question": "What did France denounce embezzlement investigations as?", "id": "5ad0104777cf76001a68687b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 194}], "question": "What country were no lavish properties found in?", "id": "5ad0104777cf76001a68687c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Internationally, Sassou's regime has been hit by corruption revelations despite attempts to censor them. One French investigation found over 110 bank accounts and dozens of lavish properties in France; Sassou denounced embezzlement investigations as \"racist\" and \"colonial\"."}], ["Sassou Nguesso menyelaraskan negara dengan Blok Timur dan menandatangani perjanjian persahabatan selama dua puluh tahun dengan Kesatuan Soviet. Selama bertahun-tahun, Sassou terpaksa bergantung lebih kepada penindasan politik dan kurang mendapat sokongan untuk mempertahankan kediktatorannya. <> Yang mana kumpulan bangsa yang mana Nguesso memihak kepada Congo? || Bloc Timur <> Negara Bloc Timur yang mana Nguesso menandatangani perjanjian dengan? || Soviet Union <> Apa perkataan yang boleh digunakan untuk menggambarkan jenis pemerintahan Sassou? || diktator <> Apa alat penting kerajaan Sassou? || penindasan politik <> Siapa yang menyelaraskan negara dengan Blok Barat? || <> Siapa yang lebih bergantung pada perlindungan untuk mengekalkan kediktatorannya? || <> Apakah alat paling penting bagi kerajaan Sassou? || <> Apa Sassou menandatangani perjanjian persahabatan sepuluh tahun? || <> Berapa lama pakatan persahabatan Sassou ditandatangani dengan Blok Timur? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which group of nations did Nguesso side the Congo with?", "id": "56dced1b66d3e219004dab59", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern Bloc", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Eastern Bloc nation did Nguesso sign a pact with?", "id": "56dced1b66d3e219004dab5a", "answers": [{"text": "the Soviet Union", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a word that can be used to describe Sassou's type of government?", "id": "56dced1b66d3e219004dab5b", "answers": [{"text": "dictatorship", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was an important tool of the Sassou government?", "id": "56dced1b66d3e219004dab5c", "answers": [{"text": "political repression", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sassou Nguesso", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who aligned the country with the Western Bloc?", "id": "5ad005e077cf76001a68677e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sassou", "answer_start": 137}], "question": "Who relied more on patronage to maintain his dictatorship?", "id": "5ad005e077cf76001a68677f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "political repression", "answer_start": 164}], "question": "What was the least important tool of the Sassou government?", "id": "5ad005e077cf76001a686780", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Soviet Union", "answer_start": 103}], "question": "What did Sassou sign a ten year friendship pact with?", "id": "5ad005e077cf76001a686781", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "twenty-year", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "How long was the friendship pact Sassou signed with the Eastern Bloc?", "id": "5ad005e077cf76001a686782", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Sassou Nguesso aligned the country with the Eastern Bloc and signed a twenty-year friendship pact with the Soviet Union. Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship."}], ["Congo-Brazzaville mempunyai sistem politik pelbagai pihak sejak awal 1990-an, walaupun sistem ini dikuasai oleh Presiden Denis Sassou Nguesso; dia tidak mempunyai persaingan yang serius dalam pemilihan presiden yang diadakan di bawah pemerintahannya. Sassou Nguesso disokong oleh Parti Buruh Kongo sendiri (Perancis: Parti Congolais du Travail) serta pelbagai pihak yang lebih kecil. <> Sistem politik apa jenis telah wujud di Congo-Brazzaville sejak tahun 90-an? || pelbagai pihak <> Pihak mana yang dimiliki Sassou? || Parti Buruh Kongo <> Apakah istilah Perancis untuk parti politik Sassou? || Parti Congolais du Travail <> Sejak bila mempunyai Congo-Brazzaville mempunyai satu sistem politik parti? || <> Siapa yang mempunyai persaingan yang serius dalam pilihan raya presiden? || <> Apa yang dipanggil Parti Buruh Kongo di Jerman? || <> Parti mana yang tidak kembali Sassou? || <> Apa yang tidak dikuasai oleh Sassou? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of political system has existed in Congo-Brazzaville since the '90s?", "id": "56dcf8b79a695914005b94a6", "answers": [{"text": "multi-party", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which party does Sassou belong to?", "id": "56dcf8b79a695914005b94a7", "answers": [{"text": "Congolese Labour Party", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the French term for Sassou's political party?", "id": "56dcf8b79a695914005b94a8", "answers": [{"text": "Parti Congolais du Travail", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the early 1990s", "answer_start": 63}], "question": "Since when has Congo-Brazzaville has a single party political system?", "id": "5ad00faf77cf76001a686846", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "President Denis Sassou Nguesso", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "Who has serious competition in the presidential elections?", "id": "5ad00faf77cf76001a686847", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Parti Congolais du Travail", "answer_start": 309}], "question": "What is the Congolese Labour Party called in German?", "id": "5ad00faf77cf76001a686848", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congolese Labour Party", "answer_start": 277}], "question": "What party does not back Sassou?", "id": "5ad00faf77cf76001a686849", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the system", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "What is not dominated by Sassou?", "id": "5ad00faf77cf76001a68684a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Congo-Brazzaville has had a multi-party political system since the early 1990s, although the system is heavily dominated by President Denis Sassou Nguesso; he has lacked serious competition in the presidential elections held under his rule. Sassou Nguesso is backed by his own Congolese Labour Party (French: Parti Congolais du Travail) as well as a range of smaller parties."}], ["Pascal Lissouba, yang menjadi presiden pertama Kongo (1992-1997) dalam tempoh demokrasi multi-parti, cuba melaksanakan reformasi ekonomi dengan sokongan IMF untuk meliberalisasikan ekonomi. Pada bulan Jun 1996, IMF meluluskan kemudahan penyesuaian struktur SDR69.5m (US $ 100 juta) tiga tahun dan berada di ambang mengumumkan perjanjian tahunan yang diperbaharui ketika perang saudara meletus di Kongo pada pertengahan 1997. <> Siapa yang dipilih sebagai presiden Kongo pada tahun 1992? || Pascal Lissouba <> Siapa yang menyokong langkah liberalisasi Lissouba cuba mempekerjakan untuk mereformasi ekonomi? || IMF <> Apa yang mengganggu pembaharuan perjanjian IMF dengan Kongo? || perang saudara <> Apa yang ESAF berdiri? || kemudahan pelarasan struktur yang dipertingkat <> Siapa presiden terakhir Kongo yang terakhir? || <> Tahun apa IMF menolak tiga tahun SDR69.5m (US $ 100m) kemudahan pelarasan struktur ditingkatkan? || <> Bilakah perang saudara berakhir di Congo? || <> Siapa presiden semasa tempoh demokrasi parti tunggal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was elected president of the Congo in 1992?", "id": "56dcedee9a695914005b9498", "answers": [{"text": "Pascal Lissouba", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who supported the measures of liberalisation Lissouba tried to employ to reform the economy?", "id": "56dcedee9a695914005b9499", "answers": [{"text": "IMF", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What interrupted the renewal of the IMF agreement with the Congo?", "id": "56dcedee9a695914005b949a", "answers": [{"text": "civil war", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does ESAF stand for?", "id": "56dcedee9a695914005b949b", "answers": [{"text": "enhanced structural adjustment facility", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pascal Lissouba", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who was Congo's last elected president?", "id": "5ad0076377cf76001a686792", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1996", "answer_start": 208}], "question": "What year did the IMF turn down  a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility?", "id": "5ad0076377cf76001a686793", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mid-1997", "answer_start": 408}], "question": "When did civil war end in Congo?", "id": "5ad0076377cf76001a686794", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pascal Lissouba", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who was president during the period of single party democracy?", "id": "5ad0076377cf76001a686795", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Pascal Lissouba, who became Congo's first elected president (1992\u20131997) during the period of multi-party democracy, attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy. In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) and was on the verge of announcing a renewed annual agreement when civil war broke out in Congo in mid-1997."}], ["Pada 27 Mac 2015, Sassou Nguesso mengumumkan bahawa kerajaannya akan mengadakan referendum untuk mengubah perlembagaan negara pada tahun 2002 dan membenarkan beliau bertanding untuk penggal ketiga berturut-turut. Pada 25 Oktober, kerajaan mengadakan referendum untuk membolehkan Sassou Nguesso berlari dalam pilihan raya akan datang. Kerajaan mendakwa cadangan itu sebagai diluluskan oleh 92 peratus pengundi dengan 72 peratus pengundi yang memenuhi syarat. Pembangkang, yang memboikot referendum mendakwa bahawa statistik kerajaan adalah salah dan undi itu palsu. <> Bilakah Sassou mendedahkan bahawa akan ada undi untuk mengubah perlembagaan 2002? || 27 Mac 2015 <> Istilah yang manakah perlembagaan baru membenarkan Sassou untuk meneruskan? || Ketiga <> Bilakah Sassou mengumumkan bahawa kerajaannya tidak akan mengubah perlembagaan 2002? || <> Apa yang mengubah perlembagaan 2015? || <> Sebanyak peratus orang yang membuat tuntutan kerajaan menentang cadangan itu? || <> Sebanyakkah orang yang membuat tuntutan kerajaan tidak mengundi? || <> Apa yang membolehkan Sassou berjalan untuk penggal kedua? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Sassou reveal that there would be a vote to alter the 2002 constitution?", "id": "56dcfbdd9a695914005b94b2", "answers": [{"text": "March 27, 2015", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which term did the new constitution allow Sassou to pursue?", "id": "56dcfbdd9a695914005b94b5", "answers": [{"text": "third", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "March 27, 2015", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did Sassou announce that his government would not change the 2002 constitution?", "id": "5ad0120377cf76001a6868a4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "referendum", "answer_start": 76}], "question": "What changed the 2015 constitution?", "id": "5ad0120377cf76001a6868a5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "92", "answer_start": 346}], "question": "What percentage of people did the government claim opposed the proposal?", "id": "5ad0120377cf76001a6868a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "72", "answer_start": 372}], "question": "What percentage of people did the government claim did not vote?", "id": "5ad0120377cf76001a6868a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "referendum", "answer_start": 76}], "question": "What allowed Sassou to run for a second term?", "id": "5ad0120377cf76001a6868a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On March 27, 2015 Sassou Nguesso announced that his government would hold a referendum to change the country's 2002 constitution and allow him to run for a third consecutive term in office. On October 25 the government held a referendum to allow Sassou Nguesso to run in the next election. The government claimed that the proposal as approved by 92 percent of voters with 72 percent of eligible voters participating. The opposition, who had boycotted the referendum claimed that the government's statistics were false and that the vote was a sham."}], ["Marien Ngouabi, yang telah mengambil bahagian dalam rampasan kuasa tersebut, mengambil alih jawatan presiden pada 31 Disember 1968. Satu tahun kemudian, Presiden Ngouabi mengisytiharkan Republik Rakyat Kongo Afrika pertama, \"Republik Rakyat Congo\", dan mengumumkan keputusan Pergerakan Revolusi Kebangsaan untuk menukar namanya kepada Parti Buruh Kongo (PCT). Ngouabi terselamat dalam percubaan percubaan pada tahun 1972 tetapi dibunuh pada 16 Mac 1977. Jawatankuasa 11 anggota Parti Ketenteraan (CMP) kemudiannya dinamakan untuk mengetuai kerajaan sementara dengan Joachim Yhombi-Opango untuk berkhidmat sebagai Presiden Republik. Dua tahun kemudian, Yhombi-Opango dipaksa dari kuasa dan Denis Sassou Nguesso menjadi presiden baru. <> Siapa yang menjadi presiden Kongo pada tahun 1968? || Marien Ngouabi <> Apa nama Congo menjadi di bawah Ngouabi? || Rakyat Republik Congo <> Apakah nama Gerakan Revolusi Negara menjadi? || Parti Buruh Kongo <> Pada tahun apakah percubaan rampasan kuasa terhadap Ngouabi? || 1972 <> Pada apa tarikh Ngouabi dibunuh? || 16 Mac 1977 <> Siapa yang meninggalkan jawatan presiden pada 31 Disember 1968? || <> Siapa yang menjadi presiden selepas Denis Sassou Nguesso? || <> Apakah nama Congo berubah di bawah Denis Sassou Nguesso? || <> Bilakah Denis Sassou Nguesso bertahan dalam rampasan kuasa? || <> Bilakah Joachim Yhombi-Opango dibunuh? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who became president of the Congo in 1968?", "id": "56dcecb79a695914005b9486", "answers": [{"text": "Marien Ngouabi", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Congo's name become under Ngouabi?", "id": "56dcecb79a695914005b9487", "answers": [{"text": "People's Republic of the Congo", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the National Revolutionary Movement's name become?", "id": "56dcecb79a695914005b9488", "answers": [{"text": "Congolese Labour Party", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was a coup attempted against Ngouabi?", "id": "56dcecb79a695914005b9489", "answers": [{"text": "1972", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was Ngouabi assassinated?", "id": "56dcecb79a695914005b948a", "answers": [{"text": "March 16, 1977", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Marien Ngouabi", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who left the presidency on December 31, 1968?", "id": "5ad0049777cf76001a68676a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Joachim Yhombi-Opango", "answer_start": 524}], "question": "Who became president after Denis Sassou Nguesso?", "id": "5ad0049777cf76001a68676b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "People's Republic of the Congo", "answer_start": 186}], "question": "What did the Congo's name change to under Denis Sassou Nguesso?", "id": "5ad0049777cf76001a68676c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1972", "answer_start": 378}], "question": "When did Denis Sassou Nguesso survive a coup?", "id": "5ad0049777cf76001a68676d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "March 16, 1977", "answer_start": 407}], "question": "When was Joachim Yhombi-Opango assassinated?", "id": "5ad0049777cf76001a68676e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Marien Ngouabi, who had participated in the coup, assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa's first \"people's republic\", the People's Republic of the Congo, and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to change its name to the Congolese Labour Party (PCT). Ngouabi survived an attempted coup in 1972 but was assassinated on March 16, 1977. An 11-member Military Committee of the Party (CMP) was then named to head an interim government with Joachim Yhombi-Opango to serve as President of the Republic. Two years later, Yhombi-Opango was forced from power and Denis Sassou Nguesso become the new president."}], ["Dalam pilihan raya kontroversi pada tahun 2002, Sassou memenangi hampir 90% pemilihan undi. Dua saingan utamanya, Lissouba dan Bernard Kolelas, dihalang daripada bersaing dan saingan yang hanya boleh dipercayai, Andre Milongo, menasihati penyokongnya untuk memboikot pemilihan dan kemudian menarik diri dari perlumbaan. Perlembagaan baru, yang dipersetujui oleh referendum pada Januari 2002, memberikan kuasa baru presiden, meluaskan jawatannya hingga tujuh tahun, dan memperkenalkan perhimpunan bicameral baru. Pemerhati antarabangsa mengambil isu dengan organisasi pemilihan presiden dan referendum perlembagaan, yang kedua-duanya mengingatkan dalam organisasi mereka dalam era Kongo di satu-pihak negara. Berikutan pemilihan presiden, berjuang dimulakan semula di rantau Pool antara pasukan kerajaan dan pemberontak yang diketuai oleh Pastor Ntumi; perjanjian damai untuk mengakhiri konflik itu telah ditandatangani pada bulan April 2003. <> Politik mana yang meninggalkan perlumbaan presiden setelah menyokong boikot oleh pengundi? || Milongo <> Berapa lamakah jangka presiden menjadi di bawah perlembagaan baru? || tujuh tahun <> Bilakah perlembagaan baru disahkan? || Januari 2002 <> Bilakah akhir dibawa ke pertempuran antara kerajaan dan pemberontak Ntumi? || April 2003 <> Siapa yang memenangi lebih daripada 90% undi? || <> Bilakah Bernard Kolelas memenangi pilihan raya? || <> Apa Lissouba menasihati penyokongnya? || <> Apa yang dilihat oleh pemerhati antarabangsa tidak ada masalah? || <> Apa yang mengurangkan tempoh presiden sehingga tujuh tahun? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which politican left the presidential race after supporting a boycott by voters?", "id": "56dcf81e66d3e219004dab6c", "answers": [{"text": "Milongo", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did the presidential term become under the new constitution?", "id": "56dcf81e66d3e219004dab6d", "answers": [{"text": "seven years", "answer_start": 419}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the new constitution ratified?", "id": "56dcf81e66d3e219004dab6e", "answers": [{"text": "January 2002", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was an end brought to the fighting between the government and Ntumi's rebels?", "id": "56dcf81e66d3e219004dab6f", "answers": [{"text": "April 2003", "answer_start": 869}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sassou", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "Who won more than 90% of the vote?", "id": "5ad009bc77cf76001a6867c6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2002", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "When did Bernard Kolelas win the election?", "id": "5ad009bc77cf76001a6867c7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "boycott the elections", "answer_start": 246}], "question": "What did Lissouba advise his supporters to do?", "id": "5ad009bc77cf76001a6867c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "presidential election", "answer_start": 537}], "question": "What did international observers see no problem with?", "id": "5ad009bc77cf76001a6867c9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "new constitution", "answer_start": 303}], "question": "What reduced the president's term to seven years?", "id": "5ad009bc77cf76001a6867ca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the controversial elections in 2002, Sassou won with almost 90% of the vote cast. His two main rivals, Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas, were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, Andre Milongo, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from the race. A new constitution, agreed upon by referendum in January 2002, granted the president new powers, extended his term to seven years, and introduced a new bicameral assembly. International observers took issue with the organization of the presidential election and the constitutional referendum, both of which were reminiscent in their organization of Congo's era of the one-party state. Following the presidential elections, fighting restarted in the Pool region between government forces and rebels led by Pastor Ntumi; a peace treaty to end the conflict was signed in April 2003."}], ["Kemajuan demokratik Kongo telah tergelincir pada tahun 1997 ketika Lissouba dan Sassou mulai berjuang untuk berkuasa dalam perang saudara. Sebagai pilihan raya presiden yang dijadualkan pada Julai 1997 mendekati, ketegangan antara kem Lissouba dan Sassou dipasang. Pada 5 Jun, tentera kerajaan Presiden Lissouba mengelilingi komando Sassou di Brazzaville dan Sassou mengarahkan anggota militia swastanya (dikenali sebagai \"Cobras\") untuk menentang. Oleh itu, permulaan konflik selama empat bulan yang memusnahkan atau merosakkan sebahagian besar Brazzaville dan menyebabkan puluhan ribu kematian awam. Pada awal Oktober, rejim sosialis Angolan memulakan serangan ke Kongo untuk memasang Sassou berkuasa. Pada pertengahan Oktober, kerajaan Lissouba jatuh. Tidak lama kemudian, Sassou mengisytiharkan dirinya sebagai presiden. <> Yang mana dua angka bertentangan atas kepimpinan Kongo pada tahun 1997? || Lissouba dan Sassou <> Apa nama tentera peribadi Sassou? || Cobras <> Kewarganegaraan apakah pasukan yang menyerang Kongo untuk membantu Sassou dalam mengawal negara? || Angolan <> Pada bulan apa Sassou mendapat semula jawatan presiden? || Oktober <> Bilakah kemajuan Demokratik Congo kembali ke landasan? || <> Bilakah ketegangan antara kem Lissouba dan Sassou mula menghilang? || <> Bilakah pasukan kerajaan mengelilingi kompleks Lissouba? || <> Di mana terdapat senyawa Lissouba? || <> Apakah ahli-ahli milisi Lissouba dipanggil? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which two figures clashed over leadership of the Congo in 1997?", "id": "56dcf6c666d3e219004dab61", "answers": [{"text": "Lissouba and Sassou", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Sassou's personal army?", "id": "56dcf6c666d3e219004dab62", "answers": [{"text": "Cobras", "answer_start": 392}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nationality were the forces that invaded the Congo to assist Sassou in taking control of the country?", "id": "56dcf6c666d3e219004dab64", "answers": [{"text": "Angolan", "answer_start": 562}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month did Sassou regain the presidency?", "id": "56dcf6c666d3e219004dab65", "answers": [{"text": "October", "answer_start": 549}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1997", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "When did Congo's democratic progress get back on track?", "id": "5ad0081f77cf76001a6867a4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "July 1997", "answer_start": 159}], "question": "When did the tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps start to dissipate?", "id": "5ad0081f77cf76001a6867a5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "June 5", "answer_start": 240}], "question": "When did government forces surround Lissouba's compound?", "id": "5ad0081f77cf76001a6867a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Brazzaville", "answer_start": 319}], "question": "Where was Lissouba's compound located?", "id": "5ad0081f77cf76001a6867a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cobras", "answer_start": 392}], "question": "What were members of Lissouba's militia called?", "id": "5ad0081f77cf76001a6867a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Congo's democratic progress was derailed in 1997 when Lissouba and Sassou started to fight for power in the civil war. As presidential elections scheduled for July 1997 approached, tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps mounted. On June 5, President Lissouba's government forces surrounded Sassou's compound in Brazzaville and Sassou ordered members of his private militia (known as \"Cobras\") to resist. Thus began a four-month conflict that destroyed or damaged much of Brazzaville and caused tens of thousands of civilian deaths. In early October, the Angolan socialist r\u00e9gime began an invasion of Congo to install Sassou in power. In mid-October, the Lissouba government fell. Soon thereafter, Sassou declared himself president."}], ["Ibukota, Brazzaville, terletak di Sungai Congo, di selatan negara ini, tepat di seberang Kinshasa, ibukota Republik Demokratik Kongo. <> Apa modal Congo? || Brazzaville <> Di mana sungai boleh Brazzaville dijumpai? || Sungai Congo <> Apa yang terletak betul-betul di seberang Sungai Congo dari Brazzaville? || Kinshasa <> Negara mana yang Kinshasa berfungsi sebagai modal? || Republik Demokratik Kongo <> Di mana Kinshasa terletak? || <> Apa yang terletak di sebelah utara Kongo? || <> Apa yang terletak di selatan Republik Congo? || <> Apa bandar tidak terletak di Sungai Congo? || <> Apa bandar yang terletak jauh dari Brazzaville? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the capital of the Congo?", "id": "56dcfd2266d3e219004dab8b", "answers": [{"text": "Brazzaville", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what river can Brazzaville be found?", "id": "56dcfd2266d3e219004dab8c", "answers": [{"text": "Congo River", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What lies directly across the Congo River from Brazzaville?", "id": "56dcfd2266d3e219004dab8d", "answers": [{"text": "Kinshasa", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country does Kinshasa serve as capital of?", "id": "56dcfd2266d3e219004dab8e", "answers": [{"text": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Congo River", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "Where is Kinshasa located?", "id": "5ad0163b77cf76001a686962", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Brazzaville", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "What is located in the north of the Congo?", "id": "5ad0163b77cf76001a686963", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kinshasa", "answer_start": 110}], "question": "What is located in the south of the Republic of the Congo?", "id": "5ad0163b77cf76001a686964", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Brazzaville", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "What city is not located on the Congo River?", "id": "5ad0163b77cf76001a686965", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kinshasa", "answer_start": 110}], "question": "What city is located far away from Brazzaville?", "id": "5ad0163b77cf76001a686966", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The capital, Brazzaville, is located on the Congo River, in the south of the country, immediately across from Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo."}], ["Barat daya negara adalah dataran pantai yang mana saliran utama ialah Sungai Kouilou-Niari; pedalaman negara terdiri daripada dataran tinggi antara dua lembangan di selatan dan utara. Hutan berada di bawah tekanan eksploitasi yang semakin meningkat. <> Jenis rupa bumi yang terdapat di bahagian barat daya Kongo? || dataran pantai <> Sungai mana yang berfungsi sebagai saliran untuk dataran barat daya Kongo? || Sungai Kouilou-Niari <> Di tengah negara mempunyai ciri geografi apa? || dataran tinggi <> Kawasan apa yang dihadapi tekanan untuk digunakan untuk keuntungan komersil? || Hutan <> Apa yang tidak di bawah tekanan eksploitasi yang semakin meningkat? || <> Sungai apa pun sumber saliran untuk kawasan pedalaman? || <> Apakah jenis geografi yang ada di timur laut negara ini? || <> Berapa banyak lembangan terletak di luar negara? || <> Apa yang perlu dihadapi oleh hutan di Congo? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of terrain is found in the southwest part of the Congo?", "id": "56dcfef266d3e219004dab93", "answers": [{"text": "coastal plain", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which river serves as drainage for the southwest plain of the Congo?", "id": "56dcfef266d3e219004dab94", "answers": [{"text": "Kouilou-Niari River", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The middle of the country features what kind of geography?", "id": "56dcfef266d3e219004dab95", "answers": [{"text": "plateau", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What areas are facing pressure to be used for commercial gain?", "id": "56dcfef266d3e219004dab96", "answers": [{"text": "Forests", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Forests", "answer_start": 208}], "question": "What is not under increasing exploitation pressure?", "id": "5ad0170277cf76001a686976", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kouilou-Niari", "answer_start": 86}], "question": "What river is the source of drainage for the interior of the country?", "id": "5ad0170277cf76001a686977", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "coastal plain", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "What kind of geography does the northeast of the country have?", "id": "5ad0170277cf76001a686978", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 173}], "question": "How many basins are located outside of the country?", "id": "5ad0170277cf76001a686979", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "exploitation pressure", "answer_start": 237}], "question": "What do forests in the Congo not have to face?", "id": "5ad0170277cf76001a68697a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The southwest of the country is a coastal plain for which the primary drainage is the Kouilou-Niari River; the interior of the country consists of a central plateau between two basins to the south and north. Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure."}], ["Kongo terletak di bahagian tengah barat Afrika sub-Sahara, di sepanjang Khatulistiwa, terletak di antara latitud 4 \u00b0 N dan 5 \u00b0 S, dan lintang 11 \u00b0 dan 19 \u00b0 E. Di bahagian selatan dan timurnya ialah Republik Demokratik Kongo. Ia juga dibatasi oleh Gabon di barat, Cameroon dan Republik Afrika Tengah di utara, dan Cabinda (Angola) di barat daya. Ia mempunyai pantai yang pendek di Lautan Atlantik. <> Di antara yang mana dua garis lintang ialah Congo yang terletak? || 4 \u00b0 N dan 5 \u00b0 S <> Antara dua garis bujurnya ialah Congo? || 11 \u00b0 dan 19 \u00b0 E <> Apa lautan menghubungkan ke Kongo? || Lautan Atlantik <> Negara mana yang terletak di barat daya Congo? || Cabinda <> Apakah nama lain untuk Cabinda? || Angola <> Apa yang terletak di bahagian utara sub-Sahara Afrika? || <> Apa yang ada di luar garis lintang 4 \u00b0 N dan 5 \u00b0 S? || <> Apa di sebelah barat Gabon? || <> Apa yang ada di utara Cameroon? || <> Apa yang mempunyai pantai yang panjang di Lautan Atlantik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Between which two lines of latitude is the Congo located?", "id": "56dcfce466d3e219004dab81", "answers": [{"text": "4\u00b0N and 5\u00b0S", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Between which two lines of longitude is the Congo located?", "id": "56dcfce466d3e219004dab82", "answers": [{"text": "11\u00b0 and 19\u00b0E", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ocean connects to the Congo?", "id": "56dcfce466d3e219004dab83", "answers": [{"text": "Atlantic Ocean", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which country lies southwest of the Congo?", "id": "56dcfce466d3e219004dab84", "answers": [{"text": "Cabinda", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for Cabinda?", "id": "56dcfce466d3e219004dab85", "answers": [{"text": "Angola", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congo", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is located in the northern part of sub-Saharan Africa?", "id": "5ad0157877cf76001a68693a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congo", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is outside of latitudes 4\u00b0N and 5\u00b0S?", "id": "5ad0157877cf76001a68693b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cameroon", "answer_start": 259}], "question": "What is to the west of Gabon?", "id": "5ad0157877cf76001a68693c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Central African Republic", "answer_start": 276}], "question": "What is to the north of Cameroon?", "id": "5ad0157877cf76001a68693d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congo", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What has a long coast on the Atlantic Ocean?", "id": "5ad0157877cf76001a68693e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Congo is located in the central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa, along the Equator, lying between latitudes 4\u00b0N and 5\u00b0S, and longitudes 11\u00b0 and 19\u00b0E. To the south and east of it is the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is also bounded by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and Cabinda (Angola) to the southwest. It has a short coast on the Atlantic Ocean."}], ["Pada tahun 2006-07, para penyelidik dari Persatuan Pemuliharaan Hidupan Liar mengkaji gorila di kawasan yang berhutan tinggi yang berpusat di daerah Ouesso Wilayah Sangha. Mereka mencadangkan populasi atas 125,000 Gorila Tanah Rendah Barat, yang pengasingan dari manusia telah banyak dipelihara oleh paya yang tidak ramah. <> Kumpulan mana yang mempelajari gorila pada 2006-07? || Persatuan Pemuliharaan Hidupan Liar <> Kawasan apa yang menjadi rumah kepada gorila yang dikaji oleh Persatuan Pemuliharaan Hidupan Liar? || Daerah Sangha <> Apakah yang bertanggungjawab untuk memelihara pemisahan antara gorila dan manusia? || paya yang tidak berpenghuni <> Bilakah para penyelidik dari penyelidikan Wildlife Conservation Society simpanse? || <> Di mana para penyelidik mempelajari simpanse di kawasan yang berhutan tinggi? || <> Berapa banyak cimpanzi hidup di kawasan itu? || <> Apa yang menyimpan simpanse terpencil dari manusia? || <> Dalam apa jenis kawasan penyelidik tidak menemui sebarang gorila? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which group studied gorillas in 2006-07?", "id": "56dcffdc66d3e219004daba6", "answers": [{"text": "Wildlife Conservation Society", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What region is home to the gorillas studied by the Wildlife Conservation Society?", "id": "56dcffdc66d3e219004daba7", "answers": [{"text": "Sangha Region", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was responsible for maintaining the separation between the gorillas and humans?", "id": "56dcffdc66d3e219004daba9", "answers": [{"text": "inhospitable swamps", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2006\u201307", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society study chimps?", "id": "5ad01ba277cf76001a686a32", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ouesso district", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "Where did researchers study chimps in heavily forested regions?", "id": "5ad01ba277cf76001a686a33", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "125,000", "answer_start": 204}], "question": "How many chimpanzees live in the area?", "id": "5ad01ba277cf76001a686a34", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "inhospitable swamps", "answer_start": 296}], "question": "What has kept the chimps isolated from humans?", "id": "5ad01ba277cf76001a686a35", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "heavily forested", "answer_start": 83}], "question": "In what kind of regions did researchers not find any gorillas?", "id": "5ad01ba277cf76001a686a36", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2006\u201307, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso district of the Sangha Region. They suggest a population on the order of 125,000 Western Lowland Gorillas, whose isolation from humans has been largely preserved by inhospitable swamps."}], ["Upaya reformasi ekonomi terus didukung oleh organisasi-organisasi antarabangsa, terutama Bank Dunia dan Dana Moneter Internasional. Program pembaharuan telah berhenti pada bulan Jun 1997 ketika perang saudara meletus. Apabila Sassou Nguesso kembali berkuasa pada akhir perang pada Oktober 1997, beliau secara terbuka menyatakan minatnya untuk bergerak maju ke atas reformasi ekonomi dan penswastaan dan memperbaharui kerjasama dengan institusi kewangan antarabangsa. Walau bagaimanapun, kemajuan ekonomi telah teruk oleh kemerosotan harga minyak dan penyambungan semula konflik bersenjata pada bulan Disember 1998, yang memburukkan defisit bajet republik. <> Apa yang menyebabkan usaha reformasi berhenti pada tahun 1997? || perang saudara <> Apakah dua sebab mengapa ekonomi tidak dapat maju berikutan perang saudara? || harga minyak merosot dan penyambungan semula konflik bersenjata <> Bilakah konflik ketenteraan berlaku di Congo? || Disember 1998 <> Organisasi apa yang tidak pernah menyokong usaha reformasi ekonomi? || <> Bilakah program pembaharuan bermula? || <> Bilakah Sassou meninggalkan kuasa? || <> Apa yang dibantu oleh penurunan harga minyak? || <> Siapa yang tidak menyatakan minat terhadap pembaharuan ekonomi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What caused reform efforts to cease in 1997?", "id": "56dd117966d3e219004dabc2", "answers": [{"text": "civil war", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two reasons why the economy was not able to progress following the civil war?", "id": "56dd117966d3e219004dabc3", "answers": [{"text": "slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict", "answer_start": 494}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did military conflict resume in the Congo?", "id": "56dd117966d3e219004dabc4", "answers": [{"text": "December 1998", "answer_start": 554}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the World Bank", "answer_start": 91}], "question": "What organization never supported economic reform efforts?", "id": "5ad021dd77cf76001a686b20", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "June 1997", "answer_start": 180}], "question": "When did the reform program start?", "id": "5ad021dd77cf76001a686b21", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "October 1997", "answer_start": 277}], "question": "When did Sassou leave power?", "id": "5ad021dd77cf76001a686b22", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "economic progress", "answer_start": 458}], "question": "What was helped by slumping oil prices?", "id": "5ad021dd77cf76001a686b23", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sassou Nguesso", "answer_start": 219}], "question": "Who did not express interest in economic reforms?", "id": "5ad021dd77cf76001a686b24", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Economic reform efforts continued with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The reform program came to a halt in June 1997 when civil war erupted. When Sassou Nguesso returned to power at the end of the war in October 1997, he publicly expressed interest in moving forward on economic reforms and privatization and in renewing cooperation with international financial institutions. However, economic progress was badly hurt by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which worsened the republic's budget deficit."}], ["Pentadbiran semasa mengetuai keamanan dalaman yang tidak selesa dan menghadapi masalah ekonomi yang sukar untuk merangsang pemulihan dan mengurangkan kemiskinan, walaupun harga minyak yang tinggi sejak tahun 2003. Gas asli dan berlian juga baru-baru ini eksport Congo utama, walaupun Congo dikeluarkan daripada Proses Kimberley di 2004 di tengah-tengah dakwaan bahawa kebanyakan eksport berliannya sebenarnya diseludup keluar dari Republik Demokratik Congo yang berdekatan; ia dimasukkan semula ke dalam kumpulan pada tahun 2007. <> Apakah dua isu ekonomi yang dihadapi oleh kerajaan Congo? || merangsang pemulihan dan mengurangkan kemiskinan <> Apa dua eksport yang telah dihasilkan oleh Congo baru-baru ini? || Gas asli dan berlian <> Bilakah Kongo dibenarkan kembali ke Proses Kimberley? || 2007 <> Siapa yang mengetuai keamanan yang stabil? || <> Bilakah harga minyak pada rekod rendah? || <> Negara mana yang dikatakan berlabuh berlian dari Kongo? || <> Apa yang bukan eksport Congo? || <> Bilakah Republik Demokratik Congo dikecualikan daripada proses Kimberly? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are two economic issues faced by the Congolese government?", "id": "56dd14af9a695914005b94c4", "answers": [{"text": "stimulating recovery and reducing poverty", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two exports has the Congo begun producing recently?", "id": "56dd14af9a695914005b94c5", "answers": [{"text": "Natural gas and diamonds", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Congo allowed back into the Kimberley Process?", "id": "56dd14af9a695914005b94c8", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 488}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "current administration", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Who presides over a stable peace?", "id": "5ad0255e77cf76001a686b98", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 187}], "question": "When were oil prices at a record low?", "id": "5ad0255e77cf76001a686b99", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Democratic Republic of Congo", "answer_start": 423}], "question": "What country allegedly smuggled diamonds out of the Congo?", "id": "5ad0255e77cf76001a686b9a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Natural gas", "answer_start": 193}], "question": "What is not a Congolese export?", "id": "5ad0255e77cf76001a686b9b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 317}], "question": "When was the Democratic Republic of Congo excluded from the Kimberly process?", "id": "5ad0255e77cf76001a686b9c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003. Natural gas and diamonds are also recent major Congolese exports, although Congo was excluded from the Kimberley Process in 2004 amid allegations that most of its diamond exports were in fact being smuggled out of the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo; it was re-admitted to the group in 2007."}], ["Pada awal 1980-an, pendapatan minyak yang meningkat dengan pantas membolehkan kerajaan membiayai projek pembangunan berskala besar dengan pertumbuhan KDNK purata 5% setahun, salah satu daripada kadar tertinggi di Afrika. Kerajaan telah menggadai janji sebahagian besar daripada pendapatan petroleumnya, yang menyumbang kepada kekurangan pendapatan. 12 Januari 1994 penurunan nilai mata wang Zon Franc sebanyak 50% menyebabkan inflasi 46% pada tahun 1994, tetapi inflasi telah berkurang sejak itu. <> Apa pendapatan dari petroleum membolehkan kerajaan membiayai awal tahun 80-an? || projek pembangunan besar-besaran <> Apa kenaikan tahunan dalam produk domestik kasar pada awal tahun 80-an? || 5% <> Berapa banyak mata wang Franc Zone telah menurunkan nilai pada bulan Januari 1994? || 50% <> Berapa banyak inflasi yang pernah dialami oleh Congo akibat penurunan nilai Franc? || 46% <> Bilakah hasil minyak pesat merosot? || <> Apa yang membolehkan kerajaan membiayai projek pembangunan kecil? || <> Apa yang dibiayai oleh peningkatan hasil perhutanan? || <> Apa yang menyumbang kepada lebihan pendapatan? || <> Apa tahun inflasi pada tahap terendah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What did income from petroleum allow the government to fund in the early '80s?", "id": "56dd10cc66d3e219004dabb9", "answers": [{"text": "large-scale development projects", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Congo's annual increase in gross domestic product in the early '80s?", "id": "56dd10cc66d3e219004dabba", "answers": [{"text": "5%", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By how much were Franc Zone currencies devalued in January of 1994?", "id": "56dd10cc66d3e219004dabbb", "answers": [{"text": "50%", "answer_start": 365}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much inflation did the Congo experience as a result of the devaluation of the Franc?", "id": "56dd10cc66d3e219004dabbc", "answers": [{"text": "46%", "answer_start": 394}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the early 1980s", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did oil revenues rapidly decline?", "id": "5ad0205277cf76001a686ae6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "rising oil revenues", "answer_start": 28}], "question": "What enabled the government to finance small development projects?", "id": "5ad0205277cf76001a686ae7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "large-scale development projects", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "What was financed by rising forestry revenues?", "id": "5ad0205277cf76001a686ae8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings", "answer_start": 209}], "question": "What contributed to an excess of revenues?", "id": "5ad0205277cf76001a686ae9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1994", "answer_start": 401}], "question": "What year was inflation at its lowest point?", "id": "5ad0205277cf76001a686aea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. January 12, 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 46% in 1994, but inflation has subsided since."}], ["Ekonomi adalah campuran pertanian desa dan kraf tangan, sektor perindustrian yang kebanyakannya didasarkan pada petroleum, perkhidmatan sokongan, dan kerajaan yang dicirikan oleh masalah-masalah anggaran dan overstaffing. Pengekstrakan petroleum telah menggantikan perhutanan sebagai tulang belakang ekonomi. Pada tahun 2008, sektor minyak menyumbang 65% daripada KDNK, 85% daripada hasil kerajaan, dan 92% daripada eksport. Negara ini juga mempunyai kekayaan mineral yang belum diterokai. <> Apakah tumpuan pengeluaran industri Congo? || Petroleum <> Apakah dua isu dalam kerajaan Congo? || masalah belanjawan dan overstaffing <> Apa pengeluaran petroleum menggantikan sebagai tumpuan ekonomi? || perhutanan <> Berapa peratus daripada Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar Kongo telah membuat petroleum pada tahun 2008? || 65% <> Berapakah peratusan barangan yang dieksport menggunakan akaun minyak pada tahun 2008? || 92% <> Apa yang bukan sebahagian daripada ekonomi Congo? || <> Apakah bahagian terkecil sektor perindustrian? || <> Apa yang dicirikan oleh kakitangan? || <> Sebanyak peratus daripada KDNK melakukan akaun perhutanan pada tahun 2008? || <> Sebanyak peratus eksport pada tahun 2008 adalah kraf tangan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the focus of the Congo's industrial production?", "id": "56dd006d66d3e219004dabaf", "answers": [{"text": "Petroleum", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two issues in the Congolese government?", "id": "56dd006d66d3e219004dabb0", "answers": [{"text": "budget problems and overstaffing", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did petroleum production replace as the focus of the economy?", "id": "56dd006d66d3e219004dabb1", "answers": [{"text": "forestry", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the Congo's gross domestic product did petroleum account for in 2008?", "id": "56dd006d66d3e219004dabb2", "answers": [{"text": "65%", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of exported goods did oil account for in 2008?", "id": "56dd006d66d3e219004dabb3", "answers": [{"text": "92%", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "handicrafts", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "What is not a part of Congo's economy?", "id": "5ad01ce177cf76001a686a6a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "petroleum", "answer_start": 103}], "question": "What is the smallest part of the industrial sector?", "id": "5ad01ce177cf76001a686a6b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "government", "answer_start": 138}], "question": "What is characterized by under staffing?", "id": "5ad01ce177cf76001a686a6c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "65", "answer_start": 311}], "question": "What percent of the GDP did forestry account for in 2008?", "id": "5ad01ce177cf76001a686a6d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "92", "answer_start": 358}], "question": "What percent of exports in 2008 were handicrafts?", "id": "5ad01ce177cf76001a686a6e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports. The country also has large untapped mineral wealth."}], ["Memandangkan negara ini terletak di Khatulistiwa, iklimnya adalah sepanjang tahun yang konsisten, dengan purata suhu harian adalah lembab 24 \u00b0 C (75 \u00b0 F) dan malam umumnya antara 16 \u00b0 C (61 \u00b0 F) dan 21 \u00b0 C ( 70 \u00b0 F). Purata hujan tahunan adalah antara 1,100 milimeter (43 inci) di selatan di Lembah Niari hingga lebih 2,000 milimeter (79 in) di bahagian tengah negara. Musim kering adalah dari bulan Jun hingga Ogos manakala di kebanyakan negara, musim hujan mempunyai dua curah hujan: satu pada bulan Mac-Mei dan satu lagi pada bulan September-November. <> Di manakah garis lintang utama di Congo? || Khatulistiwa <> Apakah suhu purata di Kongo ketika matahari terbit? || 24 \u00b0 C (75 \u00b0 F) <> Apakah suhu purata di Congo pada waktu malam? || 16 \u00b0 C (61 \u00b0 F) dan 21 \u00b0 C (70 \u00b0 F) <> Bilakah Congo mengalami musim kering? || Jun hingga Ogos <> Mengapa iklim negara berbeza sepanjang tahun? || <> Apakah suhu pada hari yang tidak biasa? || <> Apakah hujan tahunan di utara negara ini? || <> Berapa banyak curah hujan yang dimiliki minoriti negara? || <> Apa yang tidak terletak di Khatulistiwa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what major line of latitude is the Congo located?", "id": "56dcff6466d3e219004dab9b", "answers": [{"text": "Equator", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average temperature in the Congo when the sun is up?", "id": "56dcff6466d3e219004dab9c", "answers": [{"text": "24 \u00b0C (75 \u00b0F)", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average temperature range in the Congo during the night time?", "id": "56dcff6466d3e219004dab9d", "answers": [{"text": "16 \u00b0C (61 \u00b0F) and 21 \u00b0C (70 \u00b0F)", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When does the Congo experience dry season?", "id": "56dcff6466d3e219004dab9e", "answers": [{"text": "June to August", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "located on the Equator", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "Why does the country's climate vary year-round?", "id": "5ad01a5577cf76001a686a02", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "24 \u00b0C (75 \u00b0F)", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "What is the temperature on an unusual day? ", "id": "5ad01a5577cf76001a686a03", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2,000 millimetres (79 in)", "answer_start": 309}], "question": "What is the yearly rainfall in the north of the country?", "id": "5ad01a5577cf76001a686a04", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 462}], "question": "How many rainfall maxima does the minority of the country have?", "id": "5ad01a5577cf76001a686a05", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the country", "answer_start": 6}], "question": "What is not located on the Equator?", "id": "5ad01a5577cf76001a686a06", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Since the country is located on the Equator, the climate is consistent year-round, with the average day temperature being a humid 24 \u00b0C (75 \u00b0F) and nights generally between 16 \u00b0C (61 \u00b0F) and 21 \u00b0C (70 \u00b0F). The average yearly rainfall ranges from 1,100 millimetres (43 in) in south in the Niari Valley to over 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in central parts of the country. The dry season is from June to August while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March\u2013May and another in September\u2013November."}], ["Banyak Pygmies yang berasal dari kelahiran ke Bantus dalam hubungan yang banyak merujuk sebagai perhambaan. Pengamatan Hak Asasi Manusia Kongo mengatakan bahawa Pygmies dianggap sebagai harta dengan cara yang sama \"haiwan peliharaan\". Pada 30 Disember 2010, Parlimen Kongo mengguna pakai undang-undang untuk menggalakkan dan melindungi hak-hak penduduk pribumi. Undang-undang ini adalah yang pertama seumpamanya di Afrika, dan penerapannya adalah perkembangan bersejarah bagi penduduk asli di benua itu. <> Siapa yang dianggap memiliki ahli-ahli Pygmy? || Bantus <> Rawatan Pygmies telah dibandingkan dengan rawatan apa? || Haiwan peliharaan <> Bilakah kerajaan Congo meluluskan undang-undang untuk membantu penduduk asli? || 30 Disember 2010 <> Siapa yang banyak Bantus milik? || <> Bilakah Parlimen Kongo memecah undang-undang untuk melindungi penduduk asli? || <> Apa jenis yang terakhir di Afrika? || <> Apakah Observatori Hak Asasi Manusia Kongo mengatakan Bantus dianggap sebagai? || <> Apa yang tidak disebut sebagai perbudakan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is considered to own members of the Pygmies?", "id": "56dcfc7b66d3e219004dab7b", "answers": [{"text": "Bantus", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The treatment of Pygmies has been compared to the treatment of what?", "id": "56dcfc7b66d3e219004dab7c", "answers": [{"text": "pets", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the government of the Congo pass a law to assist indigenous people?", "id": "56dcfc7b66d3e219004dab7d", "answers": [{"text": "December 30, 2010", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pygmies", "answer_start": 5}], "question": "Who do many Bantus belong to?", "id": "5ad014c177cf76001a686916", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December 30, 2010", "answer_start": 198}], "question": "When did the Congolese parliament strike down a law to protect indigenous people?", "id": "5ad014c177cf76001a686917", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "This law", "answer_start": 326}], "question": "What is the last of its kind in Africa?", "id": "5ad014c177cf76001a686918", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pets", "answer_start": 184}], "question": "What does the Congolese Human Rights Observatory say Bantus are treated as?", "id": "5ad014c177cf76001a686919", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pygmies belong from birth to Bantus", "answer_start": 5}], "question": "What does no one refer to as slavery?", "id": "5ad014c177cf76001a68691a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Many Pygmies belong from birth to Bantus in a relationship many refer to as slavery. The Congolese Human Rights Observatory says that the Pygmies are treated as property the same way \"pets\" are. On December 30, 2010, the Congolese parliament adopted a law for the promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples. This law is the first of its kind in Africa, and its adoption is a historic development for indigenous peoples on the continent."}], ["Pada tahun 2010, kadar kematian ibu adalah 560 kematian / 100,000 kelahiran hidup, dan kadar kematian bayi adalah 59.34 kematian / 1,000 kelahiran hidup. Mutilasi alat kelamin perempuan (FGM) jarang berlaku di negara ini, yang terhad kepada kawasan geografi yang terhad di negara ini. <> Seperti diukur pada tahun 2010, berapa kematian yang berlaku untuk setiap 100,000 kelahiran hidup di Kongo? || 560 <> Apakah FGM berdiri? || Mutilasi alat kelamin perempuan <> Berapa banyak bayi mati untuk setiap 1,000 kelahiran hidup? || 59.34 <> Apakah kadar kematian ibu negara Congo pada tahun 2000? || <> Apakah kadar kematian bayi Congo pada tahun 1990? || <> Prosedur apa yang lazim di negara ini? || <> Di manakah penularan alat kelamin perempuan tidak terdapat di Kongo? || <> Apakah kadar kematian bayi di Afrika Selatan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "As measured in 2010, how many deaths occurred for every 100,000 live births in the Congo?", "id": "56dd1f7866d3e219004dabe3", "answers": [{"text": "560", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does FGM stand for?", "id": "56dd1f7866d3e219004dabe4", "answers": [{"text": "Female genital mutilation", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many infants die for every 1,000 live births?", "id": "56dd1f7866d3e219004dabe5", "answers": [{"text": "59.34", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "560 deaths/100,000 live births", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "What was the maternal mortality rate of the Congo in the year 2000?", "id": "5ad02d2777cf76001a686cec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "59.34 deaths/1,000 live births", "answer_start": 110}], "question": "What was the infant mortality rate of the Congo in 1990?", "id": "5ad02d2777cf76001a686ced", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Female genital mutilation", "answer_start": 142}], "question": "What procedure is common in the country?", "id": "5ad02d2777cf76001a686cee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "limited geographic areas", "answer_start": 216}], "question": "Where is female genital mutilation not found in the Congo?", "id": "5ad02d2777cf76001a686cef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "59.34 deaths/1,000 live births", "answer_start": 110}], "question": "What is the infant mortality rate in South Africa?", "id": "5ad02d2777cf76001a686cf0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country."}], ["Sebelum perang 1997, kira-kira 9,000 orang Eropah dan orang bukan Afrika lain tinggal di Congo, kebanyakannya adalah Perancis; hanya pecahan nombor ini kekal. Sekitar 300 orang ekspatriat Amerika tinggal di Kongo. <> Sebelum perang saudara pada '97, berapa orang bukan orang Afrika tinggal di Republik Congo? || kira-kira 9,000 <> Apa kebangsaan dominan di kalangan orang Eropah yang tinggal di Congo sebelum perang saudara? || Perancis <> Berapa ramai rakyat Amerika tinggal di Congo? || Sekitar 300 <> Berapa ramai rakyat Amerika tinggal di Congo sebelum tahun 1997? || <> Berapa ramai ekspatriat Perancis tinggal di Congo? || <> Berapa ramai ekspatriat Kongo tinggal di Amerika? || <> Di mana 9000 orang Eropah dan orang bukan Afrika lain hidup selepas perang tahun 1997? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Prior to the civil war in '97, how many non-Africans lived in the Republic of the Congo?", "id": "56dd1e2d9a695914005b94ea", "answers": [{"text": "about 9,000", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the dominant nationality among Europeans living in the Congo prior to the civil war?", "id": "56dd1e2d9a695914005b94eb", "answers": [{"text": "French", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Americans live in the Congo?", "id": "56dd1e2d9a695914005b94ec", "answers": [{"text": "Around 300", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "300", "answer_start": 155}], "question": "How many Americans lived in the Congo before 1997?", "id": "5ad029e677cf76001a686c42", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "300", "answer_start": 155}], "question": "How many French expatriates reside in the Congo?", "id": "5ad029e677cf76001a686c43", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "9,000", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "How many Congolese expatriates live in America?", "id": "5ad029e677cf76001a686c44", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congo", "answer_start": 75}], "question": "Where did 9000 Europeans and other non-Africans live after the 1997 war?", "id": "5ad029e677cf76001a686c45", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Before the 1997 war, about 9,000 Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo, most of whom were French; only a fraction of this number remains. Around 300 American expatriates reside in the Congo."}], ["Menurut CIA World Factbook, rakyat Republik Congo adalah sebahagian besar campuran Katolik (33.1%), Lutheran Kebangkitan (22.3%) dan Protestan lain (19.9%). Pengikut Islam membentuk 1.6%, dan ini disebabkan terutamanya oleh kemasukan pekerja asing ke pusat-pusat bandar. <> Apakah agama yang paling kerap dipraktikkan di Kongo? || Katolik <> Berapa peratus penduduk Congo mengenal pasti Lutheran Awakening? || 22.3% <> Sebahagian daripada penduduk Congo adalah Protestan? || 19.9% <> Apakah peratusan umat Islam yang tinggal di Kongo? || 1.6% <> Yang membentuk majoriti penduduk Islam di Kongo? || pekerja asing <> Apa agama yang terkenal kerana kebanjiran pekerja asing di kawasan luar bandar? || <> Berapa peratus daripada orang Kongo yang ateis? || <> Apa agama paling popular di Afrika Selatan, menurut CIA World Factbook? || <> Agama apa yang tidak ditemui di Kongo? || <> Apakah peratusan Protestan di Afrika Selatan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the most commonly practiced religion in the Congo?", "id": "56dd1e8366d3e219004dabd9", "answers": [{"text": "Catholics", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Congolese citizens identify as Awakening Lutherans?", "id": "56dd1e8366d3e219004dabda", "answers": [{"text": "22.3%", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What portion of the Congolese population is Protestant?", "id": "56dd1e8366d3e219004dabdb", "answers": [{"text": "19.9%", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the percentage of Muslims living in the Congo?", "id": "56dd1e8366d3e219004dabdc", "answers": [{"text": "1.6%", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who form the majority of Islamic residents of the Congo?", "id": "56dd1e8366d3e219004dabdd", "answers": [{"text": "foreign workers", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Islam", "answer_start": 181}], "question": "What religion is notable due to an influx of foreign workers in the rural areas?", "id": "5ad02ad977cf76001a686c72", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "22.3", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "What percentage of Congolese are atheist?", "id": "5ad02ad977cf76001a686c73", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Catholics", "answer_start": 90}], "question": "What is the most popular religion in South Africa, according to the CIA World Factbook?", "id": "5ad02ad977cf76001a686c74", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Protestants", "answer_start": 147}], "question": "What religion is not found in the Congo?", "id": "5ad02ad977cf76001a686c75", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "19.9", "answer_start": 160}], "question": "What is the percentage of Protestants in South Africa?", "id": "5ad02ad977cf76001a686c76", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of foreign workers into the urban centers."}], ["Populasi jarang penduduk Republik Congo tertumpu di bahagian barat daya negara, meninggalkan kawasan hutan tropika yang luas di utara hampir tidak berpenghuni. Oleh itu, Congo adalah salah satu daripada negara-negara yang paling maju di Afrika, dengan 70% penduduknya tinggal di beberapa kawasan bandar, iaitu di Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire atau salah satu bandar atau desa kecil yang berjajar dalam 534 kilometer (332 mi ) kereta api yang menghubungkan kedua-dua bandar. Di kawasan luar bandar, aktiviti perindustrian dan komersial telah menurun dengan pesat dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini, menjadikan ekonomi luar bandar bergantung kepada kerajaan untuk sokongan dan sara hidup. <> Di mana sebahagian negara boleh ditemui oleh kebanyakan rakyat Congo? || barat daya <> Berapa lama lagu yang menghubungkan Brazzaville dan Pointe-Noire? || 534 kilometer (332 mi) <> Berapa peratus penduduk penduduk Congo tinggal di luar kawasan bandar? || <> Apa salah satu bandar kecil di Congo? || <> Berapa lamakah jalan yang menghubungkan bandar terbesar? || <> Di mana aktiviti komersial meningkat dengan pesat? || <> Apakah ekonomi bandaraya bergantung kepada kerajaan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what part of the country can most of the Congo's citizens be found?", "id": "56dd1cf99a695914005b94d8", "answers": [{"text": "southwest", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long is the track connecting Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire?", "id": "56dd1cf99a695914005b94da", "answers": [{"text": "534-kilometre (332 mi)", "answer_start": 394}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "70", "answer_start": 251}], "question": "What percent of the population of the Congo lives outside urban areas?", "id": "5ad0282277cf76001a686c02", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Brazzaville", "answer_start": 318}], "question": "What is one of the small cities in the Congo?", "id": "5ad0282277cf76001a686c03", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "534-kilometre (332 mi)", "answer_start": 394}], "question": "How long is the road that connects the largest cities?", "id": "5ad0282277cf76001a686c04", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "rural areas", "answer_start": 459}], "question": "Where has commercial activity increased rapidly?", "id": "5ad0282277cf76001a686c05", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "support and subsistence", "answer_start": 601}], "question": "What are urban economies dependent on the government for?", "id": "5ad0282277cf76001a686c06", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Republic of the Congo's sparse population is concentrated in the southwestern portion of the country, leaving the vast areas of tropical jungle in the north virtually uninhabited. Thus, Congo is one of the most urbanized countries in Africa, with 70% of its total population living in a few urban areas, namely in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire or one of the small cities or villages lining the 534-kilometre (332 mi) railway which connects the two cities. In rural areas, industrial and commercial activity has declined rapidly in recent years, leaving rural economies dependent on the government for support and subsistence."}], ["Pengangkutan di Republik Congo termasuk pengangkutan darat, udara dan air. Sistem rel negara ini dibina oleh buruh paksa pada tahun 1930-an dan sebahagian besarnya masih beroperasi. Terdapat juga lebih 1000 km jalan raya berturap dan dua lapangan terbang antarabangsa utama (Maya-Maya Airport dan Pointe Noire Airport) yang mempunyai penerbangan ke Paris dan banyak bandar Afrika. Negara ini juga mempunyai pelabuhan besar di Lautan Atlantik di Pointe-Noire dan lain-lain di sepanjang Sungai Congo di Brazzaville dan Impfondo. <> Apakah bentuk pengangkutan yang ada di Congo? || tanah, udara dan air <> Bilakah sistem kereta api Congo dibina? || 1930-an <> Apa tujuan umum di luar Afrika untuk syarikat penerbangan Congo? || Paris <> Di mana lautan adalah pelabuhan utama yang terletak? || Lautan Atlantik <> Cara pengangkutan tidak tersedia di Republik Congo? || <> Bilakah sistem rel di negara ini telah dikeluarkan? || <> Berapa kilometer jalan tidak berturap di Congo? || <> Berapa banyak lapangan terbang domestik yang terletak di Republik Congo? || <> Di manakah lautan yang tidak mempunyai pelabuhan di Kongo? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What forms of transport are available in the Congo?", "id": "56dd1bb366d3e219004dabcf", "answers": [{"text": "land, air and water", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Congo's train system built?", "id": "56dd1bb366d3e219004dabd0", "answers": [{"text": "1930s", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a common destination outside of Africa for Congolese airlines?", "id": "56dd1bb366d3e219004dabd2", "answers": [{"text": "Paris", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what ocean is a major port located?", "id": "56dd1bb366d3e219004dabd3", "answers": [{"text": "Atlantic Ocean", "answer_start": 409}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "water", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "What method of transport is not available in the Republic of the Congo?", "id": "5ad0274d77cf76001a686bda", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1930s", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "When did the country's rail system get taken out of operation?", "id": "5ad0274d77cf76001a686bdb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1000", "answer_start": 210}], "question": "How many kilometers of unpaved roads are in the Congo?", "id": "5ad0274d77cf76001a686bdc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 237}], "question": "How many domestic airports are located in the Republic of the Congo?", "id": "5ad0274d77cf76001a686bdd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Atlantic", "answer_start": 409}], "question": "Which ocean does the Congo have no ports on?", "id": "5ad0274d77cf76001a686bde", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Transport in the Republic of the Congo includes land, air and water transportation. The country's rail system was built by forced laborers during the 1930s and largely remains in operation. There are also over 1000 km of paved roads and two major international airports (Maya-Maya Airport and Pointe Noire Airport) which have flights to Paris and many African cities. The country also has a large port on the Atlantic Ocean at Pointe-Noire and others along the Congo River at Brazzaville and Impfondo."}], ["Republik Congo juga mempunyai deposit asas logam, emas, besi dan fosfat yang belum dimanfaatkan. Negara ini adalah anggota Pertubuhan untuk Harmonisasi Undang-Undang Perniagaan di Afrika (OHADA). Kerajaan Congo menandatangani perjanjian pada tahun 2009 untuk menyewakan 200,000 hektar tanah kepada petani Afrika Selatan untuk mengurangkan ketergantungannya terhadap impor. <> Apakah logam dan mineral berharga belum digunakan di Republik Congo? || logam asas, emas, besi dan fosfat <> Organisasi organisasi perniagaan apakah yang menjadi ahli Kongo? || Pertubuhan untuk Harmonisasi Undang-undang Perniagaan di Afrika <> Berapa banyak tanah yang dilakukan oleh kerajaan Congo untuk menyewa kepada Afrika Selatan pada tahun 2009? || 200,000 hektar <> Negara apa yang tidak mempunyai banyak deposit logam? || <> Bilakah kerajaan Afrika Selatan menandatangani perjanjian untuk menyewa tanah kepada petani Congolese? || <> Negara apakah yang menyewa tanah kerajaan Afrika Selatan? || <> Berapa banyak tanah yang dimiliki oleh Afrika Selatan ke Kongo? || <> Mengapa tanah Afrika Selatan dipajak ke Republik Demokratik Kongo? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What precious metals and minerals have yet to be utilized in the Republic of the Congo?", "id": "56dd158266d3e219004dabc9", "answers": [{"text": "base metal, gold, iron and phosphate", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What business organization is the Congo a member of?", "id": "56dd158266d3e219004dabca", "answers": [{"text": "Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much land did the Congolese government agree to lease to South Africans in 2009?", "id": "56dd158266d3e219004dabcb", "answers": [{"text": "200,000 hectares", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Republic of the Congo", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What country doesn't have many metal deposits?", "id": "5ad0261f77cf76001a686bb4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 246}], "question": "When did the South African government sign an agreement to lease land to Congolese farmers?", "id": "5ad0261f77cf76001a686bb5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Republic of the Congo", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What country did the South African government lease land to?", "id": "5ad0261f77cf76001a686bb6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "200,000 hectares", "answer_start": 260}], "question": "How much land did South Africa lease to the Congo?", "id": "5ad0261f77cf76001a686bb7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "reduce its dependence on imports", "answer_start": 313}], "question": "Why did South Africa lease land to the Democratic Republic of Congo?", "id": "5ad0261f77cf76001a686bb8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Republic of the Congo also has large untapped base metal, gold, iron and phosphate deposits. The country is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). The Congolese government signed an agreement in 2009 to lease 200,000 hectares of land to South African farmers to reduce its dependence on imports."}], ["Kesihatan perbelanjaan awam berada pada 8.9% daripada KDNK pada tahun 2004, manakala perbelanjaan swasta berada pada 1.3%. Sehingga 2012, kelaziman HIV / AIDS adalah 2.8% di antara 15 hingga 49 tahun. Perbelanjaan kesihatan berada pada AS $ 30 per kapita pada tahun 2004. Sebagian besar populasi kurang berkhasiat, dengan kekurangan zat makanan menjadi masalah di Congo-Brazzaville. Terdapat 20 doktor per 100,000 orang pada awal tahun 2000 (dekad). <> Berapa banyak produk domestik kasar yang dibelanjakan untuk kesihatan awam pada tahun 2004? || 8.9% <> Apakah keseluruhan kejadian HIV atau AIDS sepanjang 15 hingga 49 tahun? || 2.8% <> Berapa banyak yang dibelanjakan untuk per kapita pada tahun 2004 seperti diukur dalam dolar Amerika? || $ 30 <> Bagi setiap 100,000 orang, berapa ahli fisiologi di Congo pada awal '00? || 20 <> Sebanyak peratus daripada KDNK adalah kesihatan perbelanjaan awam selepas tahun 2004? || <> Apakah prevalens HIV / AIDS pada orang lebih daripada 49? || <> Berapa banyak yang dibelanjakan untuk kesihatan per kapita selepas tahun 2004? || <> Apa yang berlaku hanya sebahagian kecil daripada populasi? || <> Berapa ramai doktor per 100,000 orang di sana pada akhir tahun 2000? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How much of the gross domestic product was spent on public health in 2004?", "id": "56dd1ef39a695914005b94f0", "answers": [{"text": "8.9%", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the overall incidence of HIV or AIDS throughout the 15 to 49 year old population?", "id": "56dd1ef39a695914005b94f1", "answers": [{"text": "2.8%", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much was spent per capita on health in 2004 as measured in US dollars?", "id": "56dd1ef39a695914005b94f2", "answers": [{"text": "$30", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For every 100,000 people, how many phyisicians were there in the Congo in the early '00s?", "id": "56dd1ef39a695914005b94f4", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "8.9", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "What percentage of the GDP was public expenditure health after 2004?", "id": "5ad02c2177cf76001a686caa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2.8%", "answer_start": 142}], "question": "What was the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in people over 49? ", "id": "5ad02c2177cf76001a686cab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "US$30", "answer_start": 200}], "question": "How much was spent on health per capita after 2004?", "id": "5ad02c2177cf76001a686cac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "malnutrition", "answer_start": 287}], "question": "What is happening to only a small portion of the population?", "id": "5ad02c2177cf76001a686cad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 349}], "question": "How many physicians per 100,000 people were there in the late 2000s?", "id": "5ad02c2177cf76001a686cae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Public expenditure health was at 8.9% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure was at 1.3%. As of 2012, the HIV/AIDS prevalence was at 2.8% among 15- to 49-year-olds. Health expenditure was at US$30 per capita in 2004. A large proportion of the population is undernourished, with malnutrition being a problem in Congo-Brazzaville. There were 20 physicians per 100,000 persons in the early 2000s (decade)."}], ["Secara etnik dan bahasa linguistik penduduk Republik Congo adalah pelbagai-Etnologi mengiktiraf 62 bahasa yang digunakan di negara ini-tetapi dapat dikelompokkan menjadi tiga kategori. Kongo adalah kumpulan etnik terbesar dan membentuk kira-kira setengah daripada penduduk. Subgroups yang paling penting di Kongo adalah Laari di daerah Brazzaville dan Pool dan Vili di sekitar Pointe-Noire dan di sepanjang pantai Atlantik. Kumpulan kedua terbesar adalah Teke yang tinggal di utara Brazzaville dengan 17% penduduk. Boulangui (M'Boshi) tinggal di barat laut dan di Brazzaville dan membentuk 12% penduduk. Pygmies membentuk 2% penduduk Congo. <> Berapa banyak bahasa yang digunakan di Kongo? || 62 <> Apakah etnik yang paling ramai penduduk di Congo? || Kongo <> Berapa banyak penduduk yang dibentuk oleh Pygmy? || 2% <> Berapa peratus daripada penduduk Congo adalah Boulangui? || 12% <> Negara apa yang mempunyai pelbagai bahasa yang sempit? || <> Berapa banyak bahasa yang digunakan di luar negara Congo? || <> Berapa jumlah Kongo yang Laari? || <> Apa kumpulan hidup di pantai Pasifik? || <> Berapa banyak kumpulan yang boleh dikategorikan kepada Teke? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many languages are used in the Congo?", "id": "56dd1dc29a695914005b94e0", "answers": [{"text": "62", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the most populous ethnicity in the Congo?", "id": "56dd1dc29a695914005b94e1", "answers": [{"text": "Kongo", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of the population is constituted by Pygmies?", "id": "56dd1dc29a695914005b94e3", "answers": [{"text": "2%", "answer_start": 583}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the population of the Congo is Boulangui?", "id": "56dd1dc29a695914005b94e4", "answers": [{"text": "12%", "answer_start": 582}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Republic of the Congo", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "What country has a narrow range of languages?", "id": "5ad0290d77cf76001a686c1e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "62", "answer_start": 107}], "question": "How many languages are spoken outside of the Congo?", "id": "5ad0290d77cf76001a686c1f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "roughly half", "answer_start": 232}], "question": "What amount of the Kongo are Laari?", "id": "5ad0290d77cf76001a686c20", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Vili", "answer_start": 354}], "question": "What group lives on the Pacific coast?", "id": "5ad0290d77cf76001a686c21", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 166}], "question": "How many groups can the Teke be categorized into?", "id": "5ad0290d77cf76001a686c22", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Ethnically and linguistically the population of the Republic of the Congo is diverse\u2014Ethnologue recognises 62 spoken languages in the country\u2014but can be grouped into three categories. The Kongo are the largest ethnic group and form roughly half of the population. The most significant subgroups of the Kongo are Laari in Brazzaville and Pool regions and Vili around Pointe-Noire and along the Atlantic coast. The second largest group are the Teke who live to the north of Brazzaville with 17% of the population. Boulangui (M\u2019Boshi) live in the northwest and in Brazzaville and form 12% of the population. Pygmies make up 2% of Congo's population."}], ["Perbelanjaan awam KDNK adalah kurang pada tahun 2002-05 berbanding pada tahun 1991. Pendidikan awam secara teoritikal bebas dan mandatori untuk anak-anak bawah umur 16 tahun, tetapi dalam praktiknya, terdapat perbelanjaan. Kadar enrolmen utama bersih adalah 44% pada tahun 2005, kurang daripada 79% pada tahun 1991. Negara ini mempunyai universiti. Pendidikan antara umur enam dan enam belas adalah wajib. Murid-murid yang menyelesaikan enam tahun sekolah rendah dan tujuh tahun sekolah menengah mendapatkan gelar sarjana muda. Di universiti, pelajar boleh memperolehi ijazah sarjana muda dalam tempoh tiga tahun dan tuan selepas empat. Marien Ngouabi University-yang menawarkan kursus dalam bidang perubatan, undang-undang dan beberapa bidang lain-adalah universiti awam hanya di negara ini. Arahan di semua peringkat adalah dalam bahasa Perancis, dan sistem pendidikan sebagai keseluruhan model sistem Perancis. Infrastruktur pendidikan telah direndahkan secara serius akibat krisis politik dan ekonomi. Tiada tempat duduk di kebanyakan bilik darjah, memaksa kanak-kanak duduk di atas lantai. Individu yang berpengalaman telah menubuhkan sekolah swasta, tetapi mereka sering kurang pengetahuan teknikal dan kebiasaan dengan kurikulum kebangsaan untuk mengajar dengan berkesan. Keluarga sering mendaftarkan anak-anak mereka di sekolah persendirian hanya untuk mencari mereka tidak dapat membuat pembayaran. <> Sekolah persendirian diperlukan untuk orang di bawah umur berapa? || 16 <> Apakah kadar enrolmen sekolah pada tahun 2005? || 44% <> Apakah pelajar yang menamatkan pengajian selama 13 tahun? || baccalaureate <> Bahasa apa yang digunakan di sekolah-sekolah Congo? || Perancis <> Apa yang lebih tinggi pada tahun 2002 berbanding tahun 1991? || <> Apa yang secara teorinya bebas untuk orang lebih 16? || <> Bilakah pendidikan tidak wajib? || <> Apa universiti persendirian di negara ini? || <> Kursus apa yang tidak ditawarkan di Universiti Marien Ngouabi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Public schooling is required for people under what age?", "id": "56dd1ff566d3e219004dabe9", "answers": [{"text": "16", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the school enrollment rate in 2005?", "id": "56dd1ff566d3e219004dabea", "answers": [{"text": "44%", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do students who finish 13 years of schooling receive?", "id": "56dd1ff566d3e219004dabeb", "answers": [{"text": "baccalaureate", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language is used in Congolese schools?", "id": "56dd1ff566d3e219004dabed", "answers": [{"text": "French", "answer_start": 706}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Public expenditure of the GDP", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What was higher in 2002 than in 1991?", "id": "5ad02dd977cf76001a686d0a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Public education", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "What is theoretically free for people over 16?", "id": "5ad02dd977cf76001a686d0b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "between ages six and sixteen", "answer_start": 291}], "question": "When is education not compulsory?", "id": "5ad02dd977cf76001a686d0c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Marien Ngouabi University", "answer_start": 544}], "question": "What is the country's only private university?", "id": "5ad02dd977cf76001a686d0d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "medicine", "answer_start": 594}], "question": "What courses are not offered at Marien Ngouabi University?", "id": "5ad02dd977cf76001a686d0e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Public expenditure of the GDP was less in 2002\u201305 than in 1991. Public education is theoretically free and mandatory for under-16-year-olds, but in practice, expenses exist. Net primary enrollment rate was 44% in 2005, much less than the 79% in 1991. The country has universities. Education between ages six and sixteen is compulsory. Pupils who complete six years of primary school and seven years of secondary school obtain a baccalaureate. At the university, students can obtain a bachelor's degree in three years and a master's after four. Marien Ngouabi University\u2014which offers courses in medicine, law and several other fields\u2014is the country's only public university. Instruction at all levels is in French, and the educational system as a whole models the French system. The educational infrastructure has been seriously degraded as a result of political and economic crises. There are no seats in most classrooms, forcing children to sit on the floor. Enterprising individuals have set up private schools, but they often lack the technical knowledge and familiarity with the national curriculum to teach effectively. Families frequently enroll their children in private schools only to find they cannot make the payments."}]], [["Kuasa menteri-menteri ini bergantung sepenuhnya kepada kepercayaan peribadi raja. Walaupun menguruskan parlimen adalah antara kemahiran yang diperlukan untuk memegang jawatan tinggi, mereka tidak bergantung kepada majoriti parlimen untuk kuasa mereka. Walaupun terdapat kabinet, ia dilantik sepenuhnya oleh raja, dan raja biasanya memimpin mesyuaratnya. <> Dari mana para menteri memperoleh kuasa mereka? || raja yang bertanggungjawab menamakan orang untuk berkhidmat di kabinet? || raja apa yang majoritinya bergantung kepada perdana menteri? || <> Badan apa yang raja tidak mempunyai kawalan? || <> Badan apa yang mempunyai keahlian sepanjang hayat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "From whom did ministers derive their power?", "id": "56dd25349a695914005b950a", "answers": [{"text": "the monarch", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was responsible for naming people to serve in the cabinet?", "id": "56dd25349a695914005b950c", "answers": [{"text": "the monarch", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "parliamentary majority", "answer_start": 199}], "question": "What majority was the prime minister dependent on?", "id": "5acfa46577cf76001a6856ca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cabinet", "answer_start": 260}], "question": "What body did the monarch have no control over?", "id": "5acfa46577cf76001a6856cb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cabinet", "answer_start": 260}], "question": "What body had life long membership?", "id": "5acfa46577cf76001a6856cc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch. Although managing the parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high office, they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power. Although there was a cabinet, it was appointed entirely by the monarch, and the monarch usually presided over its meetings."}], ["Istilah perdana menteri dalam erti kata bahawa kita tahu ia berasal dari abad ke-18 di United Kingdom apabila anggota parlimen meremehkan menggunakan tajuk itu merujuk kepada Sir Robert Walpole. Dari masa ke masa, gelaran menjadi penghormatan dan kekal pada abad ke-21. <> Bilakah penggunaan perdana menteri moden berlaku? || Abad ke-18 <> Siapa yang dirujuk sebagai perdana menteri secara negatif apabila istilah itu mula digunakan dalam erti kata moden? || Sir Robert Walpole <> Apa yang digunakan dalam tahun 1800? || <> Siapa yang pertama yang dipanggil Perdana Menteri? || <> Tajuk apa yang tidak lagi dihormati? || <> Istilah apa yang digunakan secara negatif pada tahun 1800? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the modern usage of prime minister come into being?", "id": "56dd23589a695914005b9506", "answers": [{"text": "18th century", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was referenced as prime minister in a negative manner when the term was first used in its modern sense?", "id": "56dd23589a695914005b9507", "answers": [{"text": "Sir Robert Walpole", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The term prime minister in the sense that we know it", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What came into use in the 1800's?", "id": "5acfa31377cf76001a68568c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sir Robert Walpole", "answer_start": 178}], "question": "Who was the first person to be called Prime Minister?", "id": "5acfa31377cf76001a68568d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prime minister", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "What title is no longer honorific?", "id": "5acfa31377cf76001a68568e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prime minister", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "What term was used negatively in the 1800's?", "id": "5acfa31377cf76001a68568f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole. Over time, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century."}], ["Apabila raja semakin letih dari seorang menteri pertama, dia boleh diberhentikan, atau lebih buruk: Cromwell telah dieksekusi dan Clarendon didorong ke pengasingan ketika mereka kalah. Raja-raja kadang-kadang membahagikan kuasa sama rata antara dua atau lebih menteri untuk menghalang seorang menteri dari menjadi terlalu kuat. Lewat pemerintahan Anne, misalnya, menteri Tory Harley dan St John berkongsi kuasa. <> Siapa dua menteri yang digunakan oleh Queen Anne secara serentak? || Harley dan St John <> Siapa yang telah diasingkan apabila dia kalah memihak kepada raja? || Clarendon <> Apa dua menteri yang berjuang untuk kuasa uner Anne? || <> Siapa yang mengasingkan raja? || <> Siapa yang raja enggan melaksanakan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who are the two ministers used by Queen Anne simultaneously?", "id": "56dd25a59a695914005b9511", "answers": [{"text": "Harley and St John", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was exiled when he lost the favor of the monarch?", "id": "56dd25a59a695914005b9513", "answers": [{"text": "Clarendon", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Harley and St John", "answer_start": 340}], "question": "What two ministers fought for power uner Anne?", "id": "5acfa4e977cf76001a6856da", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Clarendon", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "Who exiled the monarch?", "id": "5acfa4e977cf76001a6856db", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cromwell", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "Who did the monarch refuse to have executed?", "id": "5acfa4e977cf76001a6856dc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "When the monarch grew tired of a first minister, he or she could be dismissed, or worse: Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour. Kings sometimes divided power equally between two or more ministers to prevent one minister from becoming too powerful. Late in Anne's reign, for example, the Tory ministers Harley and St John shared power."}], ["Dalam sistem parlimen yang dibuat selepas sistem Westminster, perdana menteri adalah ketua kerajaan dan ketua cabang eksekutif dan sebenar. Dalam sistem sedemikian, ketua negara atau ketua perwakilan kerajaan negeri (iaitu raja, presiden, atau gubernur umum) biasanya memegang kedudukan yang paling seremonial, walaupun sering dengan kekuatan rizab. <> Apakah model parlimen di mana sistem lain telah berasaskan? || Sistem Westminster <> Apakah peranan apakah yang menjadi ketua negara dalam pemerintahan parlimen yang berpusat di Westminster? || ceremonial <> Dalam sistem parlimen yang mana raja adalah ketua negara? || <> Dalam sistem apakah perdana menteri mempunyai kuasa rizab? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a parliamentary model on which other systems have been based?", "id": "56dd21309a695914005b94fa", "answers": [{"text": "Westminster system", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of role is the head of state in Westminster-based parliamentary governments?", "id": "56dd21309a695914005b94fb", "answers": [{"text": "ceremonial", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Westminster system", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "In wich parlimentry system is the monarch the head of state?", "id": "5acf7a3677cf76001a684efe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Westminster system", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "In what system does the prime minister have reserve powers?", "id": "5acf7a3677cf76001a684eff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In parliamentary systems fashioned after the Westminster system, the prime minister is the presiding and actual head of government and head of the executive branch. In such systems, the head of state or the head of state's official representative (i.e. the monarch, president, or governor-general) usually holds a largely ceremonial position, although often with reserve powers."}], ["Penggunaan aktual pertama istilah perdana menteri atau Perdana Menteri [rujukan?] Digunakan oleh Kardinal Richelieu ketika pada tahun 1625 ia dinamakan untuk memimpin dewan diraja sebagai perdana menteri Perancis. Louis XIV dan keturunannya cuba mengelak daripada memberikan gelaran ini kepada ketua menteri mereka. <> Bilakah gelaran perdana menteri digunakan dahulu? || 1625 <> Siapa yang membentuk perdana menteri? || Cardinal Richelieu <> Negara apa yang Richelieu berkhidmat sebagai Perdana Menteri? || Perancis <> Siapa yang memulakan tradisi menamakan menteri-menteri bukan sesuatu yang lain selain perdana menteri? || Louis XIV <> Istilah apa yang pertama kali digunakan pada abad ke-16? || <> Siapa yang menggunakan istilah Menteri Prme pada abad ke-16? || <> Siapa yang dinamakan ketua dewan diraja pada abad ke-16 || <> Siapa yang mengelakkan memberi gelaran Perdana Menteri kepada ketua menteri mereka? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the title of prime minister first used?", "id": "56dd231566d3e219004dac01", "answers": [{"text": "1625", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who coined the term prime minister?", "id": "56dd231566d3e219004dac02", "answers": [{"text": "Cardinal Richelieu", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country did Richelieu serve as prime minister for?", "id": "56dd231566d3e219004dac03", "answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who started a tradition of naming the head ministers something other than prime minister?", "id": "56dd231566d3e219004dac04", "answers": [{"text": "Louis XIV", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Premier Ministre", "answer_start": 53}], "question": "What term was first used in the 16th century?", "id": "5acfa23977cf76001a685638", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cardinal Richelieu", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "Who used the term Prme Minister in the 16th century?", "id": "5acfa23977cf76001a685639", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cardinal Richelieu", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "Who was named head of the royal council in the 16th century", "id": "5acfa23977cf76001a68563a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Louis XIV and his descendants", "answer_start": 199}], "question": "Who avoided giving the title of Prime Minister to their chief ministers?", "id": "5acfa23977cf76001a68563b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers."}], ["Raja-raja di England dan United Kingdom mempunyai menteri di mana mereka meletakkan kepercayaan khusus dan yang dianggap sebagai ketua kerajaan. Contohnya ialah Thomas Cromwell di bawah Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley di bawah Elizabeth I; Clarendon di bawah Charles II dan Godolphin di bawah Ratu Anne. Menteri-menteri ini memegang pelbagai jawatan rasmi, tetapi secara umum dikenali sebagai \"menteri\", \"menteri menteri\", \"menteri pertama\" dan akhirnya \"perdana menteri\". <> Siapa yang menduduki peranan yang kemudian menjadi perdana menteri di bawah Henry VIII? || Thomas Cromwell <> Siapa yang memegang jawatan perdana menteri di bawah Ratu Anne? || Godolphin <> Yang berkhidmat sebagai ketua menteri di bawah Charles II? || Clarendon <> Siapa yang raja-raja di England dan United Kingdom tidak percaya? || <> Apakah kedudukan Thomas Cromwell di bawah Ratu Anne? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who occupied the role that would later become prime minister under Henry VIII?", "id": "56dd243f66d3e219004dac09", "answers": [{"text": "Thomas Cromwell", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who held the equivalent of the post of prime minister under Queen Anne?", "id": "56dd243f66d3e219004dac0a", "answers": [{"text": "Godolphin", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who served as the head minister under Charles II?", "id": "56dd243f66d3e219004dac0c", "answers": [{"text": "Clarendon", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ministers", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "Who did the monarchs of England and the United Kingdom not trust?", "id": "5acfa3cb77cf76001a6856b2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prime minister", "answer_start": 454}], "question": "What position did Thomas Cromwell hold under Queen Anne?", "id": "5acfa3cb77cf76001a6856b3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government. Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne. These ministers held a variety of formal posts, but were commonly known as \"the minister\", the \"chief minister\", the \"first minister\" and finally the \"prime minister\"."}], ["Pada pertengahan abad ke-17, selepas Perang Saudara Inggeris (1642-1651), Parlimen memperkuat kedudukannya berbanding dengan raja kemudian mendapat lebih banyak kuasa melalui Revolusi Glorious 1688 dan laluan Bill of Rights pada tahun 1689. Raja tidak dapat lagi menubuhkan mana-mana undang-undang atau mengenakan apa-apa cukai tanpa kebenarannya dan dengan itu Dewan Rakyat menjadi sebahagian daripada kerajaan. Pada ketika ini, gaya perdana moden mula muncul. <> Apa peristiwa 1688 membantu parlimen menguatkan kuasa terhadap raja? || Revolusi Mulia <> Apa 1689 undang-undang menyumbang kepada kuasa yang semakin meningkat? || Undang-undang Hak <> Badan apa yang dimasukkan ke dalam kerajaan sebagai hasil daripada Rang Undang-undang Hak? || House of Commons <> Perang apa yang berlaku pada tahun 1700? || <> Apa peperangan menegakkan kedudukan raja? || <> Apa Revolusi berlaku pada abad ke-17? || <> Rang undang-undang apa yang diluluskan pada abad ke-17? || <> Apa rang undang-undang yang memberi raja kuasa untuk menubuhkan undang-undang dan mengenakan cukai? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What 1688 event helped the parliament solidy its power against the monarch?", "id": "56dd260266d3e219004dac12", "answers": [{"text": "Glorious Revolution", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What 1689 law contributed to parliament's growing power?", "id": "56dd260266d3e219004dac13", "answers": [{"text": "Bill of Rights", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body was incorporated into the government as a result of the Bill of Rights?", "id": "56dd260266d3e219004dac14", "answers": [{"text": "House of Commons", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "English Civil War", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "What war took place in the 1700's?", "id": "5acfa94777cf76001a685794", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "English Civil War", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "What war strenthened the monarchs position?", "id": "5acfa94777cf76001a685795", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Glorious Revolution", "answer_start": 162}], "question": "What Revolution took place in the 17th century?", "id": "5acfa94777cf76001a685796", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bill of Rights", "answer_start": 209}], "question": "What bill was passed in the 17th century?", "id": "5acfa94777cf76001a685797", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bill of Rights", "answer_start": 209}], "question": "What bill gave the monarch the power to establish law and impose taxes?", "id": "5acfa94777cf76001a685798", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642\u20131651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge."}], ["Perdana menteri adalah menteri kabinet paling senior di cawangan eksekutif kerajaan, sering dalam sistem parlimen atau separa presiden. Dalam banyak sistem, perdana menteri memilih dan mungkin memberhentikan ahli-ahli kabinet lain, dan memperuntukkan jawatan kepada ahli-ahli dalam kerajaan. Dalam kebanyakan sistem, perdana menteri adalah ahli yang mempengerusikan dan pengerusi kabinet. Di dalam sistem minoriti, terutamanya dalam sistem pemerintahan separa presiden, perdana menteri adalah pegawai yang dilantik untuk mengurus perkhidmatan awam dan melaksanakan arahan kepala negara. <> Apa cawangan kerajaan memimpin perdana menteri? || eksekutif <> Kumpulan apa yang perdana menteri biasanya bertanggungjawab? || kabinet <> Dalam beberapa model politik seperti sistem separa presiden, apa perdana menteri menguruskan? || perkhidmatan awam <> Siapa menteri kanan cawangan kehakiman? || <> Kumpulan apa yang mengawasi Perdana Menteri? || <> Siapa yang memilih Perdana Menteri? || <> Dalam apa jenis sistem adalah perdana menteri ketua negara? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What branch of government does the prime minister lead?", "id": "56dd20d966d3e219004dabf3", "answers": [{"text": "executive", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group is the prime minister usually in charge of?", "id": "56dd20d966d3e219004dabf4", "answers": [{"text": "cabinet", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In some political models like semi-presidential systems, what does the prime minister manage?", "id": "56dd20d966d3e219004dabf5", "answers": [{"text": "civil service", "answer_start": 524}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prime minister", "answer_start": 2}], "question": "Who is the senior minister of the judicial branch?", "id": "5acf70f877cf76001a684e3e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cabinet", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "What group oversees the Prime Minister?", "id": "5acf70f877cf76001a684e3f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cabinet", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "Who selects the Prime Minister?", "id": "5acf70f877cf76001a684e40", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "semi-presidential", "answer_start": 419}], "question": "In what type of system is the prime minister the head of state?", "id": "5acf70f877cf76001a684e41", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state."}], ["Perdana menteri sering, tetapi tidak semestinya, anggota parlimen [klarifikasi diperlukan] dan diharapkan dengan menteri lain untuk memastikan laluan bil melalui legislatif. Dalam sesetengah monarki raja juga boleh menjalankan kuasa eksekutif (dikenali sebagai prerogatif diraja) yang secara perlembagaan diletak hak mahkota dan boleh dilaksanakan tanpa kelulusan parlimen. <> Apakah tugas utama perdana menteri? || pastikan laluan bil <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila raja mempunyai bahagian kuasa eksekutif? || prerogatif diraja <> Menggunakan prerogatif kerajaan tidak memerlukan persetujuan dari badan mana? || parlimen <> Siapa yang tidak bertanggungjawab untuk meluluskan bil dengan seluruh kabinet? || <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila raja mempunyai semua kuasa eksekutif? || <> Siapa yang harus bersetuju dengan penggunaan perogatif diraja? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a central duty of the prime minister?", "id": "56dd219e9a695914005b9500", "answers": [{"text": "ensure the passage of bills", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is it called when a monarch has a share of executive powers?", "id": "56dd219e9a695914005b9501", "answers": [{"text": "royal prerogative", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Using royal prerogative does not require the consent of which body?", "id": "56dd219e9a695914005b9502", "answers": [{"text": "parliament", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prime minister", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Who has no reponsibility for passing bills with the rest of the cabinet?", "id": "5acf9d1f77cf76001a685502", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "royal prerogative", "answer_start": 263}], "question": "What is it called when the monarch has all the executive powers?", "id": "5acf9d1f77cf76001a685503", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "parliament", "answer_start": 373}], "question": "Who must consent to the use of royal perogative?", "id": "5acf9d1f77cf76001a685504", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) that are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament."}], ["Sebagai ketua kerajaan, perdana menteri mungkin mempunyai peranan atau gelaran yang lain - Perdana Menteri United Kingdom, sebagai contoh, juga Tuan Yang Dipertua Perbendaharaan dan Menteri Perkhidmatan Awam. Menteri-menteri Perdana boleh mengambil jawatan menteri lain-contohnya, semasa Perang Dunia Kedua, Winston Churchill juga Menteri Pertahanan (walaupun tidak ada Kementerian Pertahanan), dan dalam kabinet Israel saat ini, Benjamin Netanyahu juga berfungsi sebagai Menteri Komunikasi, Hal Ehwal Luar, Kerjasama Serantau, Ekonomi dan Dalam Negeri <> Apakah dua tajuk pekerjaan lain Perdana Menteri UK? || Pertama Tuan Perbendaharaan dan Menteri Perkhidmatan Awam <> Sebagai tambahan kepada Perdana Menteri, apakah peranan lain yang dilakukan Winston Churchill semasa Perang Dunia II? || Menteri Pertahanan <> Apakah bekas gelaran yang pernah dipegang oleh Perdana Menteri UK? || <> Peranan apa yang dilakukan Winton Churchhill semasa Perang Dunia II daripada Perdana Menteri? || <> Peranan apa yang telah dilakukan Benjamin Netanyahu sebelum berkhidmat di kabinet Israel? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are two other job titles of the Prime Minister of the  UK?", "id": "56dd22b366d3e219004dabfb", "answers": [{"text": "First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to being Prime Minister, what other role did Winston Churchill serve during World War II?", "id": "56dd22b366d3e219004dabfc", "answers": [{"text": "Minister of Defence", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service", "answer_start": 148}], "question": "What are former titles once held by the Prime Minister of the UK?", "id": "5acf9ec577cf76001a685596", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Minister of Defence", "answer_start": 329}], "question": "What role did Winton Churchhill serve in during World War II rather than Prime Minister?", "id": "5acf9ec577cf76001a685597", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Minister of Communications, Foreign Affairs, Regional Cooperation, Economy and Interior", "answer_start": 471}], "question": "What roles did Benjamin Netanyahu serve in prior to serving on the cabinet of Israel?", "id": "5acf9ec577cf76001a685598", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "As well as being head of government, a prime minister may have other roles or titles\u2014the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for example, is also First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service. Prime ministers may take other ministerial posts\u2014for example, during the Second World War, Winston Churchill was also Minister of Defence (although there was then no Ministry of Defence), and in the current cabinet of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu also serves as Minister of Communications, Foreign Affairs, Regional Cooperation, Economy and Interior"}], ["Perlembagaan Republik Rakyat China menetapkan satu tempat utama di bawah Kongres Rakyat Kebangsaan di China. Perdana membaca sebagai (Bahasa Cina Ringkas: \u603b\u7406; pinyin: Z\u014fngl\u012d) dalam bahasa Cina. <> Apa yang berada di atas perdana di Republik Rakyat China? || Kongres Rakyat Kebangsaan <> Apakah bentuk utama pinyin? || Z\u014fngl\u012d <> Siapa yang berada di bawah perdana di Republik Rakyat China? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is directly above the premier in the People's Republic of China?", "id": "56dd30949a695914005b954c", "answers": [{"text": "the National People's Congress", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the pinyin form of premier?", "id": "56dd30949a695914005b954d", "answers": [{"text": "Z\u014fngl\u012d", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "National People's Congress", "answer_start": 83}], "question": "Who is directly below the premier in the People's Republic of China?", "id": "5acfc1c677cf76001a685d1a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The People's Republic of China constitution set a premier just one place below the National People's Congress in China. Premier read as (Simplified Chinese: \u603b\u7406; pinyin: Z\u014fngl\u012d) in Chinese."}], ["Perlembagaan Bangladesh jelas menggariskan fungsi dan kuasa Perdana Menteri, dan juga butiran proses pelantikan dan pemecatannya. <> Perlembagaan mana yang memperincikan peranan dan kebolehan perdana menteri? || Bangladesh <> Apa pertimbangan lain yang termasuk dalam perlembagaan Bangladesh mengenai Perdana Menteri? || proses pelantikan dan pemecatannya <> Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan tegas hanya menggariskan peranan perdana menteri? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which constitution details the role and abilities of the prime minister?", "id": "56dd304366d3e219004dac37", "answers": [{"text": "Bangladesh's", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other considerations are included in the constitution of Bangladesh as regards the prime minister?", "id": "56dd304366d3e219004dac38", "answers": [{"text": "the process of his/her appointment and dismissal", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bangladesh", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What contry only vaugly outlines the role of prime minister?", "id": "5acfc17677cf76001a685cf4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Bangladesh's constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister, and also details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal."}], ["Perdana Menteri Bahrain, Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah telah berada di jawatan itu sejak tahun 1970, menjadikannya perdana menteri yang paling lama tidak berkhidmat. <> Yang mana-mana pegawai yang tidak dipilih telah memegang peranan terpanjang sebagai perdana menteri? || Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah <> Bilakah Khalifa mula-mula mengambil jawatan perdana menteri? || 1970 <> Negara mana yang dikatakan Khalifah sebagai perdana menteri? || Bahrain <> yang merupakan perdana menteri terpilih terpanjang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which non-elected official has held the longest term as prime minister?", "id": "56dd2ea866d3e219004dac23", "answers": [{"text": "Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Khalifa first take the post of prime minister?", "id": "56dd2ea866d3e219004dac24", "answers": [{"text": "1970", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country does Khalifah serve for as prime minister?", "id": "56dd2ea866d3e219004dac25", "answers": [{"text": "Bahrain", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah", "answer_start": 26}], "question": "who is the longest serving elected prime minister?", "id": "5acfb8fa77cf76001a685a76", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Bahrain's prime minister, Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah has been in the post since 1970, making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister."}], ["Pada akhir abad ke-20, majoriti negara-negara di dunia mempunyai perdana menteri atau menteri yang sama, memegang jawatan di bawah salah satu monarki perlembagaan atau presiden upacara. Pengecualian utama sistem ini adalah Amerika Syarikat dan republik presiden di Amerika Latin yang dimodelkan pada sistem A.S., di mana presiden terus menjalankan kewenangan eksekutif. <> Di A.S. dan kerajaan memodelkannya, yang memegang kuasa eksekutif? || presiden <> Apa yang kebanyakan negara mempunyai pada akhir tahun 2000? || <> Di mana di Amaricas mempunyai sistem British telah diterima pakai? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In the U.S. and governments modeled on it, who holds executive power?", "id": "56dd2e5966d3e219004dac1f", "answers": [{"text": "president", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prime minister or equivalent minister", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "What did most countries have by the late 2000's?", "id": "5acfb7c977cf76001a685a3c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Latin America", "answer_start": 287}], "question": "Where in the Amaricas has the British system been adopted?", "id": "5acfb7c977cf76001a685a3d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "By the late 20th century, the majority of the world's countries had a prime minister or equivalent minister, holding office under either a constitutional monarchy or a ceremonial president. The main exceptions to this system have been the United States and the presidential republics in Latin America modelled on the U.S. system, in which the president directly exercises executive authority."}], ["Titik tip dalam evolusi menteri perdana datang dengan kematian Anne pada 1714 dan penyertaan George I ke takhta. George tidak bercakap bahasa Inggeris, menghabiskan banyak masa di rumahnya di Hanover, dan tidak mengetahui tentang, atau kepentingan dalam, butir-butir kerajaan Inggeris. Dalam keadaan ini, tidak dapat dielakkan bahawa menteri pertama raja itu akan menjadi kepala de facto kerajaan. <> Pemerintahan raja mana yang menjadi titik perubahan dalam pertumbuhan kedudukan perdana menteri? || George I <> Dalam tahun apakah Queen Anne mati? || 1714 <> Di manakah rumah George I? || Hanover <> Bilakah George saya mati? || <> Bahasa apa yang dikatakan George? || <> Siapa yang George melantik ketua kerajaan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The reign of which king was a turning point in the growth of the position of prime minister?", "id": "56dd26729a695914005b9520", "answers": [{"text": "George I", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Queen Anne die?", "id": "56dd26729a695914005b9521", "answers": [{"text": "1714", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was George I's home?", "id": "56dd26729a695914005b9522", "answers": [{"text": "Hanover", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1714", "answer_start": 90}], "question": "When did George I die?", "id": "5acfadb377cf76001a685816", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "English,", "answer_start": 156}], "question": "What language did George speak?", "id": "5acfadb377cf76001a685817", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the king's first minister", "answer_start": 340}], "question": "Who did George appoint head of the government?", "id": "5acfadb377cf76001a685818", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in Hanover, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of English government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king's first minister would become the de facto head of the government."}], ["Pelantikan perdana menteri Perancis tidak memerlukan persetujuan oleh parlimen sama ada, tetapi parlimen boleh memaksa peletakan jawatan kerajaan. Dalam sistem ini, adalah mungkin bagi presiden dan perdana menteri untuk menjadi dari parti politik yang berlainan jika badan perundangan dikuasai oleh parti yang berbeza daripada presiden. Apabila ia timbul, keadaan semacam itu biasanya dirujuk sebagai bersekedudukan (politik). <> Apakah istilah untuk keadaan di mana presiden dan perdana menteri datang dari pelbagai parti politik? || bersekedudukan <> Apa yang boleh menyebabkan parlimen Perancis untuk menggulingkan perdana menteri? || peletakan jawatan kerajaan <> Apa pejabat Perancis mesti diluluskan oleh parlimen? || <> apa yang boleh menjadi kuasa perdana menteri untuk menggulingkan kerajaan di Perancis? || <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila presiden dan badan perundangan dikawal oleh pihak yang sama ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the term for a situation in which the president and prime minister come from different political parties?", "id": "56dd2ff966d3e219004dac33", "answers": [{"text": "cohabitation", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can the French parliament cause in order to oust the prime minister?", "id": "56dd2ff966d3e219004dac34", "answers": [{"text": "resignation of the government", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prime minister", "answer_start": 19}], "question": "What french official must be approved by the parliment?", "id": "5acfc11177cf76001a685cda", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "resignation of the government", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "what can the prime minister force in order to oust the government in France?", "id": "5acfc11177cf76001a685cdb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cohabitation", "answer_start": 428}], "question": "What is it called when the president and and legislature are controlled by the same party", "id": "5acfc11177cf76001a685cdc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Appointment of the prime minister of France requires no approval by the parliament either, but the parliament may force the resignation of the government. In these systems, it is possible for the president and the prime minister to be from different political parties if the legislature is controlled by a party different from that of the president. When it arises, such a state of affairs is usually referred to as (political) cohabitation."}], ["Jawatan Perdana Menteri mungkin ditemui dalam monarki berperlembagaan (seperti Belgium, Denmark, Jepun, Luxembourg, Belanda, Norway, Malaysia, Maghribi, Sepanyol, Sweden, Thailand, Kanada, Australia, New Zealand, dan United Kingdom) , dan di republik parlemen di mana ketua negara adalah pegawai yang dipilih (seperti Finland, Republik Ceko, Perancis, Yunani, Hungaria, India, Indonesia, Irlandia, Pakistan, Portugal, Montenegro, Kroasia, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia dan Turki). Lihat juga \"Menteri Pertama\", \"Perdana Menteri\", \"Ketua Menteri\", \"Canselor\", \"Taoiseach\", \"Statsminister\" dan \"Setiausaha Negara\": tajuk alternatif yang biasanya bersamaan dengan maksud atau, . <> Greece, Finland, Romania dan Turki menggunakan jenis kerajaan apa? || republik parlimen <> Dalam jenis kerajaan apakah yang dipilih oleh pemimpin? || republik parlimen <> Apa negara lain selain Greece adalah raja berperlembagaan? || <> Siapa yang dipilih dalam raja berperlembagaan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Greece, Finland, Romania and Turkey use what kind of government?", "id": "56dd2f1f9a695914005b9545", "answers": [{"text": "parliamentary republics", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In whic type of government is the leader elected?", "id": "56dd2f1f9a695914005b9546", "answers": [{"text": "parliamentary republics", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spain", "answer_start": 170}], "question": "What other country besides Greece is a constitutional monarch?", "id": "5acfbc9077cf76001a685b64", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the head of state", "answer_start": 292}], "question": "Who is elected in a constitutional monarch?", "id": "5acfbc9077cf76001a685b65", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The post of prime minister may be encountered both in constitutional monarchies (such as Belgium, Denmark, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Malaysia, Morocco, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), and in parliamentary republics in which the head of state is an elected official (such as Finland ,the Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Pakistan, Portugal, Montenegro, Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia and Turkey). See also \"First Minister\", \"Premier\", \"Chief Minister\", \"Chancellor\", \"Taoiseach\", \"Statsminister\" and \"Secretary of State\": alternative titles usually equivalent in meaning to, or translated as, \"prime minister\"."}], ["Dari tahun 1721 ini adalah ahli politik Whig, Robert Walpole, yang memegang jawatan selama dua puluh satu tahun. Walpole mempengerusikan mesyuarat kabinet, melantik semua menteri lain, mengetepikan sokongan kerajaan dan membungkus House of Commons dengan penyokongnya. Di bawah Walpole, doktrin solidariti kabinet dibangunkan. Walpole menghendaki bahawa tiada seorang menteri selain daripada dirinya mempunyai urusan pribadi dengan raja, dan juga apabila kabinet telah menyepakati suatu kebijakan, semua menteri harus mempertahankannya di depan umum, atau mengundurkan diri. Sebagai perdana menteri kemudian, Lord Melbourne, berkata, \"Tidak penting apa yang kita katakan, tuan-tuan, selagi kita semua mengatakan perkara yang sama.\" <> Berapa lama Robert Walpole berkhidmat sebagai perdana menteri? || dua puluh satu tahun <> Parti apa yang dimiliki oleh Walpole? || Whig <> Konsep apa yang dibentuk selama masa Walpole sebagai perdana menteri? || doktrin solidariti kabinet <> Apa yang perlu dilakukan seorang menteri jika dia tidak menyokong dasar kabinet secara terbuka? || mengundurkan diri <> Siapa lagi perdana menteri yang mengulangi prinsip solidaritas kabinet? || Lord Melbourne <> Siapa perdana menteri pada abad ke-17? || <> Siapa yang menunggu 21 tahun untuk menjadi Perdana Menteri? || <> Siapa lawan yang membungkus Dewan Rakyat? || <> Siapa yang mengisytiharkan raja yang dapat melihatnya secara peribadi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "For how long did Robert Walpole serve as prime minister?", "id": "56dd26ee9a695914005b9526", "answers": [{"text": "twenty-one years", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What party did Walpole belong to?", "id": "56dd26ee9a695914005b9527", "answers": [{"text": "Whig", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What concept took shape during Walpole's tenure as prime minister?", "id": "56dd26ee9a695914005b9528", "answers": [{"text": "doctrine of cabinet solidarity", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What would a minister have to do if he did not publicly support a cabinet policy?", "id": "56dd26ee9a695914005b9529", "answers": [{"text": "resign", "answer_start": 494}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is another prime minister who reiterated the principles of cabinet solidarity?", "id": "56dd26ee9a695914005b952a", "answers": [{"text": "Lord Melbourne", "answer_start": 529}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Robert Walpole", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "Who was the prime minister in the 17th century?", "id": "5acfb19277cf76001a6858da", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Robert Walpole", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "Who waited 21 years to become Prime minister?", "id": "5acfb19277cf76001a6858db", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Robert Walpole", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "Who's opponents packed the House of Commons?", "id": "5acfb19277cf76001a6858dc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prime minister", "answer_start": 513}], "question": "Who did the monarch declare could see him in private?", "id": "5acfb19277cf76001a6858dd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, \"It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing.\""}], ["Ini berbeza dengan sistem presiden, di mana presiden (atau setaraf) adalah ketua negara dan ketua kerajaan. Dalam beberapa sistem presiden atau separa presiden, seperti Perancis, Rusia atau Korea Selatan, perdana menteri adalah seorang pegawai yang biasanya dilantik oleh presiden tetapi biasanya diluluskan oleh badan perundangan dan bertanggungjawab untuk melaksanakan arahan presiden dan menguruskan perkhidmatan Awam. Kepala pemerintahan Republik Rakyat Cina disebut sebagai Perdana Menteri Negara dan Perdana Menteri Republik Taiwan (Taiwan) juga dilantik oleh presiden, tetapi tidak memerlukan persetujuan oleh badan legislatif. <> Apa istilah untuk ketua kerajaan China? || Premier of the State Council <> Apakah nama lain untuk Republik China? || Taiwan <> Persetujuan siapa yang tidak diperlukan untuk perdana menteri Taiwan untuk mengambil jawatan? || perundangan <> Siapa ketua negara dan ketua kerajaan di Perancis? || <> Siapa yang dilantik oleh presiden dan diluluskan oleh badan perundangan di Taiwan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the term for the head of China's government?", "id": "56dd2f9a66d3e219004dac2b", "answers": [{"text": "Premier of the State Council", "answer_start": 528}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for the Republic of China?", "id": "56dd2f9a66d3e219004dac2c", "answers": [{"text": "Taiwan", "answer_start": 599}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose consent is not required for the Taiwanese premier to take office?", "id": "56dd2f9a66d3e219004dac2d", "answers": [{"text": "legislature", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the prime minister", "answer_start": 241}], "question": "Who is both head of state and the head of government in France?", "id": "5acfc02977cf76001a685c76", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the premier", "answer_start": 561}], "question": "Who is appointed by the president and approved by the legislature in Taiwan?", "id": "5acfc02977cf76001a685c77", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "This contrasts with the presidential system, in which the president (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government. In some presidential or semi-presidential systems, such as those of France, Russia or South Korea, the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the president but usually approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the president and managing the civil service. The head of government of the People's Republic of China is referred to as the Premier of the State Council and the premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) is also appointed by the president, but requires no approval by the legislature."}], ["Walpole sentiasa menafikan bahawa dia adalah \"perdana menteri\", dan sepanjang ahli parlimen abad ke-18 dan sarjana undang-undang terus menafikan bahawa mana-mana kedudukan itu diketahui oleh Perlembagaan. George II dan George III membuat usaha keras untuk menuntut semula kuasa peribadi raja, tetapi peningkatan kerumitan dan perbelanjaan kerajaan bermakna seorang menteri yang dapat memberi kesetiaan kepada Commons semakin diperlukan. Tempoh panjang perdana menteri masa perang William Pitt yang lebih muda (1783-1801), digabungkan dengan penyakit mental George III, menyatukan kuasa jawatan itu. Judul ini mula-mula dirujuk ke atas dokumen-dokumen kerajaan semasa pentadbiran Benjamin Disraeli tetapi tidak muncul dalam Orde British yang keutamaan sebelum tahun 1905. Selain Walpole, yang lain menafikan bahawa tidak ada perkara seperti perdana menteri? || ahli parlimen dan sarjana undang-undang <> Raja mana yang cuba mendapatkan kuasa kembali ke monarki? || George II dan George III <> Selama pemerintahannya apakah perdana menteri pertama kali melihat penggunaan pada dokumen negara rasmi? || Benjamin Disraeli <> Bilakah kedudukan perdana menteri akhirnya dirasmikan? || 1905 <> Siapa yang cuba membuktikan kebangkitan Perdana Menteri? || <> Apa raja yang memberi lebih kuasa kepada perdana menteri? || <> Siapa yang setia kepada Commons? || <> Apa perokok utama sakit jiwa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Aside from Walpole, who else denied that there was no such thing as the prime minister?", "id": "56dd2d7d9a695914005b9530", "answers": [{"text": "parliamentarians and legal scholars", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which kings tried to get power back to the monarchy?", "id": "56dd2d7d9a695914005b9531", "answers": [{"text": "George II and George III", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During whose government did prime minister first see use on official state documents?", "id": "56dd2d7d9a695914005b9533", "answers": [{"text": "Benjamin Disraeli", "answer_start": 690}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the position of prime minister finally formalized?", "id": "56dd2d7d9a695914005b9534", "answers": [{"text": "1905", "answer_start": 775}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "legal scholars", "answer_start": 105}], "question": "Who tried to prove the exitence of the Prime Minister?", "id": "5acfb29077cf76001a685940", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "George II and George III", "answer_start": 192}], "question": "What monarch gave more power to the prime minister?", "id": "5acfb29077cf76001a685941", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prime minister", "answer_start": 468}], "question": "Who was loyal to the Commons?", "id": "5acfb29077cf76001a685942", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "William Pitt the Younger", "answer_start": 483}], "question": "What prime minster was mentally ill?", "id": "5acfb29077cf76001a685943", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Walpole always denied that he was \"prime minister\", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. The long tenure of the wartime prime minister William Pitt the Younger (1783\u20131801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905."}], ["Perlembagaan Republik Czech jelas menggariskan fungsi dan kuasa Perdana Menteri Republik Czech, dan juga butiran proses pelantikan dan pemecatannya. <> Apa dokumen perincian peranan dan kebolehan yang diberikan kepada perdana menteri Republik Czech? || Perlembagaan <> Siapa perlembagaan tidak jelas mengenai bagaimana perdana menteri perlu dibuang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What document details the role and abilities given to the prime minister of the Czech Republic?", "id": "56dd312c9a695914005b9558", "answers": [{"text": "constitution", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Czech Republic's", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who's constitution is not clear on how a prime minster should be removed?", "id": "5acfc2c977cf76001a685d60", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Czech Republic's constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, and also details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal."}], ["Di Australia, Perdana Menteri dijangka meletak jawatan jika dia kehilangan sokongan majoriti partinya di bawah gerakan tumpahan seperti yang banyak seperti Tony Abbott, Julia Gillard dan Kevin Rudd. <> Proses apa yang menandakan perlunya perdana menteri untuk meletakkan jawatan di Australia? || gerak tumpahan <> Pergerakan apa yang memerlukan ketua negara turun ke Australia? || <> Siapa yang enggan menghentikan gerakan tumpahan di Australia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What process signals the need for the prime minister to resign in Australia?", "id": "56dd362466d3e219004dac63", "answers": [{"text": "spill motion", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "spill motion", "answer_start": 118}], "question": "What motion requires the head of State to step down in Australia?", "id": "5acfc7a177cf76001a685f20", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tony Abbott, Julia Gillard and Kevin Rudd.", "answer_start": 152}], "question": "Who sucefully stopped a spill motion in Australia?", "id": "5acfc7a177cf76001a685f21", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In Australia, the Prime Minister is expected to step down if s/he loses the majority support of his/her party under a spill motion as have many such as Tony Abbott, Julia Gillard and Kevin Rudd."}], ["Kebanyakan perdana menteri dalam sistem parlimen tidak dilantik untuk istilah tertentu di pejabat dan berkuatkuasa boleh terus berkuasa melalui beberapa pilihan raya dan parlimen. Sebagai contoh, Margaret Thatcher hanya dilantik sebagai perdana menteri pada satu masa, pada tahun 1979. Beliau terus berkuasa hingga 1990, walaupun dia menggunakan perhimpunan setiap Dewan Rakyat selepas pilihan raya umum untuk merombak kabinetnya. <> Perdana Menteri mana yang dilantik hanya sekali? || Margaret Thatcher <> Bilakah Thatcher dilantik sebagai perdana menteri? || 1979 <> Bilakah Thatcher memegang kuasa terakhir? || 1990 <> Apa yang diperbetulkan oleh Margaret Thatcher selepas setiap pilihan raya umum? || kabinet <> Apakah pemimpin kabinet mempunyai istilah yang termampat? || <> Apa Perdana Menteri dilantik berkali-kali? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which prime minister was appointed only one time?", "id": "56dd328e66d3e219004dac4d", "answers": [{"text": "Margaret Thatcher", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Thatcher appointed prime minister?", "id": "56dd328e66d3e219004dac4e", "answers": [{"text": "1979", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Thatcher last hold power?", "id": "56dd328e66d3e219004dac4f", "answers": [{"text": "1990", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Margaret Thatcher reconfigure following each general election?", "id": "56dd328e66d3e219004dac50", "answers": [{"text": "cabinet", "answer_start": 414}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prime ministers", "answer_start": 5}], "question": "What leader of the cabinet has a limeted term?", "id": "5acfc4e877cf76001a685e04", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Margaret Thatcher", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "What Prime Minister was appointed multiple times?", "id": "5acfc4e877cf76001a685e05", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Most prime ministers in parliamentary systems are not appointed for a specific term in office and in effect may remain in power through a number of elections and parliaments. For example, Margaret Thatcher was only ever appointed prime minister on one occasion, in 1979. She remained continuously in power until 1990, though she used the assembly of each House of Commons after a general election to reshuffle her cabinet."}], ["Dalam perlembagaan Rusia Perdana Menteri sebenarnya bertajuk Pengerusi kerajaan manakala perdana menteri Ireland dipanggil Taoiseach (yang diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggeris sebagai perdana menteri), dan di Israel dia adalah Rosh HaMemshalah yang bermaksud \"ketua kerajaan\". Dalam banyak kes, walaupun biasa digunakan, \"Perdana Menteri\" bukan tajuk rasmi pemegang jawatan; Perdana Menteri Sepanyol adalah Presiden Kerajaan (Presidente del Gobierno). <> Apakah istilah Rusia untuk perdana menteri? || Pengerusi kerajaan <> Apakah istilah Israel untuk perdana menteri? || Rosh HaMemshalah <> Apakah istilah yang digunakan dalam spanyol untuk perdana menteri? || Presiden Kerajaan (Presidente del Gobierno) <> Apakah istilah Ireland untuk perdana menteri? || Taoiseach <> Siapa pengerusi kerajaan di Ireland? || <> Apakah istilah lain untuk Rosh HaMemshalah di Rusia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Russian term for prime minister?", "id": "56dd36749a695914005b9568", "answers": [{"text": "Chairman of the government", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Israeli term for prime minister?", "id": "56dd36749a695914005b9569", "answers": [{"text": "Rosh HaMemshalah", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term used in spain for prime minister?", "id": "56dd36749a695914005b956a", "answers": [{"text": "President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno)", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Irish term for prime minister?", "id": "56dd36749a695914005b956b", "answers": [{"text": "Taoiseach", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prime minister", "answer_start": 109}], "question": "Who is Chairmen of the government in Ireland?", "id": "5acfc83977cf76001a685f34", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prime minister", "answer_start": 32}], "question": "What is another termfor Rosh HaMemshalah in Russia?", "id": "5acfc83977cf76001a685f35", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the Russian constitution the prime minister is actually titled Chairman of the government while the Irish prime minister is called the Taoiseach (which is rendered into English as prime minister), and in Israel he is Rosh HaMemshalah meaning \"head of the government\". In many cases, though commonly used, \"prime minister\" is not the official title of the office-holder; the Spanish prime minister is the President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno)."}], ["Kes ini kemudiannya membolehkan kerajaan untuk merayu pembangkang parlimen kepada pengundi. Walau bagaimanapun, dalam banyak bidang kuasa, ketua negara boleh menolak pembubaran parlimen, yang memerlukan peletakan jawatan perdana menteri dan kerajaannya. Dalam sistem parlimen yang paling moden, perdana menteri adalah orang yang memutuskan masa untuk meminta pembubaran parlimen. <> Siapa yang boleh menghentikan percubaan parlimen di dissovling itu sendiri di beberapa kawasan? || ketua negara <> Jika ketua negara menghalang pembubaran parlemen, apa yang perlu terjadi? || peletakan jawatan perdana menteri dan kerajaannya <> Dalam kerajaan parlementer kontemporari, yang mana pegawai biasanya bertanggungjawab meminta parlimen dibubarkan? || Perdana Menteri <> yang mempunyai kuasa untuk menyekat parlimen? || <> Siapa boleh perdana menteri damand peletakan jawatan? || <> apa jenis penyambungan yang boleh meminta permintaan parlimen? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who can put a stop the parliamentary attempts at dissovling itself in some areas?", "id": "56dd34f19a695914005b955a", "answers": [{"text": "head of state", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If the head of state prevents the dissolution of parliament, what needs to happen?", "id": "56dd34f19a695914005b955b", "answers": [{"text": "resignation of the prime minister and his or her government", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In contemporary parliamentary governments, which official is usually in charge of asking parliament to dissolve?", "id": "56dd34f19a695914005b955c", "answers": [{"text": "prime minister", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "head of state", "answer_start": 134}], "question": "who has the power to disolve parliment?", "id": "5acfc68777cf76001a685eaa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "head of state", "answer_start": 134}], "question": "Who can the prime minister damand a resignation from?", "id": "5acfc68777cf76001a685eab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "parliamentary dissolution", "answer_start": 364}], "question": "what kind of dissalution can parliment request?", "id": "5acfc68777cf76001a685eac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The latter in effect allows the government to appeal the opposition of parliament to the electorate. However, in many jurisdictions a head of state may refuse a parliamentary dissolution, requiring the resignation of the prime minister and his or her government. In most modern parliamentary systems, the prime minister is the person who decides when to request a parliamentary dissolution."}], ["Perlembagaan Kanada, sebagai perlembagaan 'bercampur' atau hibrid (perlembagaan yang sebahagiannya secara kod dikodifikasikan dan sebahagiannya tidak dikodkan) pada mulanya tidak membuat apa-apa rujukan kepada seorang perdana menteri, dengan tugas khusus dan kaedah pelantikannya bukan ditentukan oleh \"konvensyen \". Dalam Akta Perlembagaan, 1982, rujukan rujukan kepada \"Perdana Menteri Kanada\" ditambah, walaupun hanya mengenai komposisi persidangan menteri pertama persekutuan dan wilayah. <> Undang-undang yang mana yang pertama merujuk kepada perdana menteri di Kanada? || Akta Perlembagaan <> Bilakah Akta Perlembagaan diluluskan? || 1982 <> Akta Perlembagaan menyebut perdana menteri dalam konteks jenis menteri lain? || menteri-menteri pertama persekutuan dan wilayah <> negara apa yang belum selesai perlembagaan? || <> Dokumen apa di Kanada telah membenarkan perdana menteri kerana ia telah digubal? || <> Tindakan apa yang telah berlalu pada abad ke-18? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which law first referred to the prime minister in Canada?", "id": "56dd310066d3e219004dac3c", "answers": [{"text": "the Constitution Act", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Constitution Act passed?", "id": "56dd310066d3e219004dac3d", "answers": [{"text": "1982", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Constitution Act mentions the prime minister in the context of which kinds of other ministers?", "id": "56dd310066d3e219004dac3e", "answers": [{"text": "federal and provincial first ministers", "answer_start": 443}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Canada", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What country has completly uncodified constitution?", "id": "5acfc29877cf76001a685d5a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "constitution", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "What document in Canada has allowed for a prime minister since it was drafted?", "id": "5acfc29877cf76001a685d5b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Constitution Act", "answer_start": 299}], "question": "What act was passed in the 18th century?", "id": "5acfc29877cf76001a685d5c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Canada's constitution, being a 'mixed' or hybrid constitution (a constitution that is partly formally codified and partly uncodified) originally did not make any reference whatsoever to a prime minister, with her or his specific duties and method of appointment instead dictated by \"convention\". In the Constitution Act, 1982, passing reference to a \"Prime Minister of Canada\" is added, though only regarding the composition of conferences of federal and provincial first ministers."}], ["Walau bagaimanapun, sesetengah negeri mempunyai tempoh jawatan perdana menteri yang berkaitan dengan tempoh pejabat parlimen. Oleh itu, Taoiseach Ireland secara rasmi 'renominated' selepas setiap pilihan raya umum. (Sesetengah pakar perlembagaan mempersoalkan sama ada proses ini benar-benar selaras dengan peruntukan perlembagaan Ireland, yang nampaknya mencadangkan agar orangiseach tetap berada di pejabat, tanpa syarat renung, melainkan jika dia telah jelas kehilangan pemilihan umum .) Kedudukan perdana menteri biasanya dipilih dari parti politik yang memerintah majoriti kerusi di rumah bawah parlimen. <> Apakah nama kedudukan perdana menteri di Ireland? || Taoiseach <Dari manakah perdana menteri Ireland biasanya dipilih? || parti politik yang mengarahkan majoriti kerusi di bahagian bawah parlimen <> Bilakah Taoiseach Ireland terkenal? || selepas setiap pemilihan umum <> Siapakah yang dipilih dari parti yang memegang minoriti kerusi di bawah parlimen? || <> Siapakah Taoiseach di UK? || <> Bilakah Taoiseach dipilih semula? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the prime ministerial position in Ireland?", "id": "56dd32e966d3e219004dac55", "answers": [{"text": "Taoiseach", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From where is the Irish prime minister usually selected?", "id": "56dd32e966d3e219004dac56", "answers": [{"text": "the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament", "answer_start": 553}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When is the Irish Taoiseach renominated?", "id": "56dd32e966d3e219004dac57", "answers": [{"text": "after every general election", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prime minister", "answer_start": 514}], "question": "Who is chosen from the party that hold a minority of seats in the lower hhouse of parliment?", "id": "5acfc57f77cf76001a685e2e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prime minister", "answer_start": 54}], "question": "Who is the Taoiseach in the UK?", "id": "5acfc57f77cf76001a685e2f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "after every general election", "answer_start": 171}], "question": "When is the Taoiseach reelected?", "id": "5acfc57f77cf76001a685e30", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some states, however, do have a term of office of the prime minister linked to the period in office of the parliament. Hence the Irish Taoiseach is formally 'renominated' after every general election. (Some constitutional experts have questioned whether this process is actually in keeping with the provisions of the Irish constitution, which appear to suggest that a taoiseach should remain in office, without the requirement of a renomination, unless s/he has clearly lost the general election.) The position of prime minister is normally chosen from the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament."}], ["Perlembagaan United Kingdom, yang tidak dapat diubah dan sebahagian besar tidak bertulis, tidak menyebutkan perdana menteri. Walaupun ia secara de facto wujud selama berabad-abad, sebutan pertama dalam dokumen negara rasmi tidak berlaku hingga dekad pertama abad kedua puluh. Oleh itu, ia sering dikatakan \"tidak wujud\", sememangnya terdapat beberapa contoh parlimen mengisytiharkan ini menjadi kes. Perdana menteri duduk di kabinet semata-mata kerana menduduki pejabat lain, sama ada Lord First of the Treasury (pejabat yang bersidang), atau lebih jarang Chancellor of the Exchequer (yang terakhir adalah Balfour pada tahun 1905). <> Bilakah Perdana Menteri pertama kali disebut dalam dokumen kerajaan di UK? || dekad pertama abad kedua puluh <> Siapa perdana menteri yang terakhir untuk berkhidmat serentak sebagai Canselor daripada Menteri Besar? || Balfour <> Bilakah Balfour memegang gelaran perdana menteri dan Canselor dari Exchequer? || 1905 <> Siapa perlembagaan yang baik? || <> Pejabat apa yang tidak wujud dalam sebarang bentuk di UK sehingga awal abad kedua puluh? || <> Siapa perdana menteri yang terdahulu juga menjadi Canselor dari Menteri Besar? || <> Bilakah Balfour meninggalkan pejabat Canselor daripada Exchequer untuk menjadi Perdana Minisater? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was prime minister first mentioned in a government document in the UK?", "id": "56dd322166d3e219004dac44", "answers": [{"text": "first decade of the twentieth century", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the last prime minister to serve simultaneously as Chancellor of the Exchequer?", "id": "56dd322166d3e219004dac46", "answers": [{"text": "Balfour", "answer_start": 602}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Balfour last hold the titles of prime minister and Chancellor of the Exchequer?", "id": "56dd322166d3e219004dac47", "answers": [{"text": "1905", "answer_start": 613}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The United Kingdom's", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who's constitution is well codefied?", "id": "5acfc40e77cf76001a685dce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prime minister", "answer_start": 97}], "question": "What office did not exist in any form in the UK until the early twentieth century?", "id": "5acfc40e77cf76001a685dcf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Balfour", "answer_start": 602}], "question": "Who was the forst prime minister to also be Chancellor of the Exchequer?", "id": "5acfc40e77cf76001a685dd0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1905", "answer_start": 613}], "question": "When did Balfour leave the offeice of Chancellor of the Exchequer to become Prime Minisater?", "id": "5acfc40e77cf76001a685dd1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The United Kingdom's constitution, being uncodified and largely unwritten, makes no mention of a prime minister. Though it had de facto existed for centuries, its first mention in official state documents did not occur until the first decade of the twentieth century. Accordingly, it is often said \"not to exist\", indeed there are several instances of parliament declaring this to be the case. The prime minister sits in the cabinet solely by virtue of occupying another office, either First Lord of the Treasury (office in commission), or more rarely Chancellor of the Exchequer (the last of whom was Balfour in 1905)."}], ["Dalam sistem parlimen, kerajaan pada umumnya dikehendaki mempunyai keyakinan terhadap rumah parlimen yang lebih rendah (walaupun minoriti parlimen kecil, dengan memberi hak untuk menyekat bekalan ke rumah atas, dengan itu menjadikan kabinet bertanggungjawab untuk kedua-dua rumah, walaupun pada kenyataannya rumah atas, walaupun mereka mempunyai kuasa, jarang menggunakannya). Di mana mereka kehilangan undi keyakinan, mempunyai gerakan tidak percaya terhadap mereka, atau di mana mereka kehilangan bekalan, sistem perlembagaan yang paling memerlukan sama ada: <> Kebanyakan kerajaan parlimen perlu mendapat sokongan apa badan kerajaan? || bahagian bawah parlimen <> Bahagian politik mana yang tidak sering menggunakan kuasanya, jika ada? || rumah atas <> Apa jenis referendum bolehkah rumah parlimen yang rendah menentang kerajaan? || undi keyakinan <> Apa yang memerlukan sokongan rumah tangga parlimen? || <> Apakah rumah yang lebih rendah jarang digunakan? || <> Apa jenis referendum yang boleh diambil rumah bawah terhadap rumah parlimen? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Most parliamentary governments need to have the support of what governmental body?", "id": "56dd337966d3e219004dac5b", "answers": [{"text": "lower house of parliament", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which political division does not often utilize its power, if it has any?", "id": "56dd337966d3e219004dac5c", "answers": [{"text": "upper houses", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of referendum can the lower house of parliament take against the government?", "id": "56dd337966d3e219004dac5d", "answers": [{"text": "vote of confidence", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "governments", "answer_start": 26}], "question": "What needs the support of the upper house of parliment?", "id": "5acfc61077cf76001a685e6e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "power", "answer_start": 320}], "question": "What does the lower house seldom use?", "id": "5acfc61077cf76001a685e6f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "motion of no confidence", "answer_start": 393}], "question": "What kind of referendum can the lower house take against the upper house of parliment?", "id": "5acfc61077cf76001a685e70", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In parliamentary systems, governments are generally required to have the confidence of the lower house of parliament (though a small minority of parliaments, by giving a right to block supply to upper houses, in effect make the cabinet responsible to both houses, though in reality upper houses, even when they have the power, rarely exercise it). Where they lose a vote of confidence, have a motion of no confidence passed against them, or where they lose supply, most constitutional systems require either:"}], ["Perlembagaan lebih lama sering kali merangkumi kuasa ini dalam kabinet. Di United Kingdom, misalnya, tradisi di mana ia adalah perdana menteri yang meminta pembubaran parlimen bermula pada tahun 1918. Sebelum itu, ia adalah seluruh kerajaan yang membuat permintaan itu. Begitu juga, walaupun perlembagaan moden 1937 Ireland memberikan kepada Taoiseach hak untuk membuat permintaan itu, Perlembagaan Negara Bebas 1922 yang lebih awal memberi kuasa kepada Majlis Eksekutif (nama itu untuk kabinet Ireland). <> Bilakah konvensyen perdana menteri yang memulakan pembubaran parlimen bermula? || 1918 <> Di Ireland, bilakah kuasa membubarkan parlimen yang ditugaskan kepada perdana menteri? || 1937 <> 1922 Perlembagaan Negara Bebas Ireland sebelum ini memberikan badan apa kuasa untuk membubarkan parlimen? || Majlis Eksekutif <> Apakah Majlis Eksekutif nama gantian? || kabinet <> Siapa yang kehilangan kuasa untuk meminta pembubaran parlimen pada tahun 1918? || <> sejak bila ada kuasa untuk meminta disiksa milik seluruh kerajaan? || <> Apakah Majlis Eksekutif mempunyai kuasa untuk melakukan di Ireland? || <> Apa yang boleh dilakukan oleh Taoiseach sebelum tahun 1922 ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the convention of prime ministers initiating the dissolution of parliament started?", "id": "56dd35839a695914005b9560", "answers": [{"text": "1918", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Ireland, when was the power to dissolve parliament assigned to the prime minister?", "id": "56dd35839a695914005b9561", "answers": [{"text": "1937", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The 1922 Irish Free State Constitution previously gave what body the power to dissolve parliament?", "id": "56dd35839a695914005b9562", "answers": [{"text": "the Executive Council", "answer_start": 444}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Executive Council an alternate name for?", "id": "56dd35839a695914005b9563", "answers": [{"text": "cabinet", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prime minister", "answer_start": 126}], "question": "Who lost the power to request a dissolution of parliment in 1918?", "id": "5acfc75377cf76001a685f06", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1918", "answer_start": 196}], "question": "since when has the power to request a dissalution belonged to the whole government?", "id": "5acfc75377cf76001a685f07", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "requests a dissolution of parliament", "answer_start": 145}], "question": "What does the Executive Council have the power to do in Ireland?", "id": "5acfc75377cf76001a685f08", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "requests a dissolution of parliament", "answer_start": 145}], "question": "What could the Taoiseach due prior to 1922", "id": "5acfc75377cf76001a685f09", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Older constitutions often vest this power in the cabinet. In the United Kingdom, for example, the tradition whereby it is the prime minister who requests a dissolution of parliament dates back to 1918. Prior to then, it was the entire government that made the request. Similarly, though the modern 1937 Irish constitution grants to the Taoiseach the right to make the request, the earlier 1922 Irish Free State Constitution vested the power in the Executive Council (the then name for the Irish cabinet)."}], ["Pejabat eksekutif Perdana Menteri biasanya dipanggil Pejabat Perdana Menteri dalam hal Kanada dan negara-negara Komanwel lain, ia dipanggil Pejabat Kabinet di United Kingdom. Beberapa pejabat Perdana Menteri termasuk peranan Kabinet. Di negara lain, ia dipanggil Jabatan Perdana Menteri atau Jabatan Perdana Menteri dan Kabinet untuk Australia. <> Apakah ketua pejabat kerajaan yang dipanggil di Kanada? || Pejabat Perdana Menteri <> Apakah ketua pejabat pemerintah yang disebut di UK? || Pejabat Kabinet <> Apakah Kabinet di Kanada? || <> Apa yang tidak termasuk peranan Kabinet? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the head of government's office called in Canada?", "id": "56dd39ee66d3e219004dac89", "answers": [{"text": "Office of the Prime Minister", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the head of government's office called in the UK?", "id": "56dd39ee66d3e219004dac8a", "answers": [{"text": "Cabinet Office", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "executive office", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "What is the Cabinet in Canada?", "id": "5acfca4977cf76001a685fe6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Prime Minister's office", "answer_start": 201}], "question": "What never includes the role of Cabinet?", "id": "5acfca4977cf76001a685fe7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Prime Minister's executive office is usually called the Office of the Prime Minister in the case of the Canada and other Commonwealth countries, it is called Cabinet Office in United Kingdom. Some Prime Minister's office do include the role of Cabinet. In other countries, it is called the Prime Minister's Department or the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet as for Australia."}], ["Kebanggaan institusi-institusi British pada abad ke-19 dan pertumbuhan Kerajaan British menyaksikan model British kerajaan kabinet, yang dipimpin oleh seorang perdana menteri, disalin secara meluas, kedua-duanya di negara-negara Eropah lain dan di wilayah penjajah British ketika mereka membangunkan kerajaan sendiri. Di beberapa tempat tajuk alternatif seperti \"perdana menteri\", \"ketua menteri\", \"menteri pertama kerajaan\", \"presiden majlis\" atau \"canselor\" telah diterima pakai, tetapi keperluan pejabat adalah sama. <> Istiadat apa yang diperkatakan pada tahun 1900-an || <> Apa kerajaan berkembang pada tahun 1900-an? || <> Siapa yang mengelakkan menggunakan model kerajaan kabinet British? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "British", "answer_start": 16}], "question": "What istitutions were prestiges in the 1900's", "id": "5acfb53777cf76001a6859bc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "British Empire", "answer_start": 79}], "question": "What empire expanded in the 1900's?", "id": "5acfb53777cf76001a6859bd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "European countries and in British colonial territories", "answer_start": 196}], "question": "Who avoided using the the British model o cabinet government?", "id": "5acfb53777cf76001a6859be", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The prestige of British institutions in the 19th century and the growth of the British Empire saw the British model of cabinet government, headed by a prime minister, widely copied, both in other European countries and in British colonial territories as they developed self-government. In some places alternative titles such as \"premier\", \"chief minister\", \"first minister of state\", \"president of the council\" or \"chancellor\" were adopted, but the essentials of the office were the same."}], ["Di UK, di mana kerajaan yang ada, para pemimpin Kerajaan Scotland, Ireland Utara dan Welsh digelar Menteri Pertama. Di India, Perdana Menteri dirujuk sebagai \"Pradhan Mantri\", yang bermaksud \"perdana menteri\". Di Pakistan, Perdana Menteri dirujuk sebagai \"Wazir-e-Azam\", yang bermaksud \"Grand Vizier\". <> Jenis kerajaan apa yang sedang beroperasi di United Kingdom? || devolved <> Apakah ketua pemerintah di Wales, Scotland dan Ireland Utara disebut? || Pertama Menteri <> Apakah istilah India untuk Perdana Menteri? || Pradhan Mantri <> Apakah istilah untuk perdana menteri di Pakistan? || Wazir-e-Azam <> Apakah maksud Wazir-e-Azam dalam bahasa Inggeris? || Grand Vizier <> apa yang belum dimajukan di UK? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of government is in operation in the United Kingdom?", "id": "56dd398c66d3e219004dac7f", "answers": [{"text": "devolved", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the heads of government in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland called?", "id": "56dd398c66d3e219004dac80", "answers": [{"text": "First Minister", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Indian term for Prime Minister?", "id": "56dd398c66d3e219004dac81", "answers": [{"text": "Pradhan Mantri", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term for prime minister in Pakistan?", "id": "56dd398c66d3e219004dac82", "answers": [{"text": "Wazir-e-Azam", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Wazir-e-Azam mean in English?", "id": "56dd398c66d3e219004dac83", "answers": [{"text": "Grand Vizier", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "government", "answer_start": 26}], "question": "what is undeveloped in the UK?", "id": "5acfc9f677cf76001a685fca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the UK, where devolved government is in place, the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments are styled First Minister. In India, The Prime Minister is referred to as \"Pradhan Mantri\", meaning \"prime minister\". In Pakistan, the prime minister is referred to as \"Wazir-e-Azam\", meaning \"Grand Vizier\"."}], ["Bentuk-bentuk umum lain termasuk presiden majlis menteri (contohnya di Itali, Presiden del Consiglio dei Ministri), Presiden Majlis Eksekutif, atau Menteri-Presiden. Di negara-negara Scandinavia perdana menteri dinamakan statsminister dalam bahasa ibunda (iaitu menteri negara). Dalam federasi, ketua kerajaan entiti subnasional seperti wilayah paling sering dikenali sebagai perdana menteri, ketua menteri, gabenor atau menteri-presiden. <> Apakah istilah Itali untuk perdana menteri? || presiden majlis menteri <> Apakah istilah asli bagi perdana menteri di Scandinavia? || statsminister <> Apa judul Satsminister merujuk di Itali? || <> Siapa yang dikenali sebagai perdana menteri di federasi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Italian term for the prime minister?", "id": "56dd36df66d3e219004dac67", "answers": [{"text": "president of the council of ministers", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the native term for prime minister in Scandinavia?", "id": "56dd36df66d3e219004dac68", "answers": [{"text": "statsminister", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri", "answer_start": 88}], "question": "What does the title Satsminister refer to in Italy?", "id": "5acfc8b977cf76001a685f68", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces", "answer_start": 326}], "question": "Who is nown as the prime minister in federations?", "id": "5acfc8b977cf76001a685f69", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president."}], ["Di negara bukan Komanwel perdana menteri mungkin berhak kepada gaya Tuan Yang Mulia seperti seorang presiden. Di sesetengah negara Komanwel, perdana menteri dan mantan perdana menteri digelar Hak Yang Terpuji kerana kedudukan mereka, misalnya di Perdana Menteri Kanada. Di United Kingdom, perdana menteri dan mantan perdana menteri mungkin kelihatan juga dikenali sebagai Hak Honorable, tetapi ini bukan disebabkan kedudukan mereka sebagai ketua kerajaan tetapi sebagai hak istimewa untuk menjadi ahli semasa Majlis Privy Mulia Yang Mulia. <> Dalam apa jenis negara boleh ketua kerajaan mencapai gelaran Tuan Yang Terutama? || negara bukan Komanwel <> Apakah gelaran kehormatan yang boleh diberikan kepada perdana menteri di negara-negara komuniti? || Hak Honorable <> Apa perdana menteri British sebahagian daripada yang memberikan mereka hak Beri Honorable? || Majlis Kebajikan Yang Mulia Yang Mulia Yang Mulia <> Apa contoh sebuah negara di mana perdana menteri boleh dipanggil Hak Honourable semata-mata kerana kedudukan mereka? || Kanada <> Apa perdana menteri yang berhak di negara-negara Komanwel? || <> Siapa yang dipanggil Honourable di negara-negara bukan Komanwel? || <> Siapa yang tidak boleh menjadi sebahagian daripada dewan rahib? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what kinds of nations can the head of government attain the title of Excellency?", "id": "56dd37fe66d3e219004dac77", "answers": [{"text": "non-Commonwealth countries", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What honorific title can be given to prime ministers in commonwealth nations?", "id": "56dd37fe66d3e219004dac78", "answers": [{"text": "Right Honourable", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are British prime ministers part of that grants them the title Right Honourable?", "id": "56dd37fe66d3e219004dac79", "answers": [{"text": "Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council", "answer_start": 506}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of a country where prime ministers can be called Right Honourable solely because of their position?", "id": "56dd37fe66d3e219004dac7a", "answers": [{"text": "Canada", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the style of Excellency", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "What is the prime minister entitled to in Commonwealth countries?", "id": "5acfc9ba77cf76001a685fb6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prime ministers and former prime ministers", "answer_start": 141}], "question": "Who is called Honourable in non Commonwealth countries?", "id": "5acfc9ba77cf76001a685fb7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the prime minister and former prime ministers", "answer_start": 302}], "question": "Who can not be part of the privy council?", "id": "5acfc9ba77cf76001a685fb8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position, for example in the Prime Minister of Canada. In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council."}], ["Konvensyen dalam bahasa Inggeris adalah untuk memanggil hampir semua ketua kerajaan \"perdana menteri\" (kadang-kadang diubahsuai kepada istilah yang sama bersamaan), tanpa mengira tajuk kepala kerajaan yang betul sebagaimana yang digunakan di negara masing-masing. Beberapa pengecualian kepada peraturan itu ialah Jerman dan Austria, yang ketua tajuk kerajaan hampir selalu diterjemahkan sebagai Kanselir; Monaco, yang ketua kerajaan disebut sebagai Menteri Negara; dan Vatican City, di mana ketua kerajaan berjudul Setiausaha Negara. Dalam hal Ireland, ketua pemerintahan kadang-kadang disebut sebagai Taoiseach oleh penutur bahasa Inggeris. Kes pendiriannya ialah Presiden Iran, yang sebenarnya bukan ketua negara, tetapi ketua kerajaan Iran. Beliau dirujuk sebagai \"presiden\" dalam bahasa Parsi dan Inggeris. <> Apakah istilah yang digunakan untuk maksud perdana menteri? || Perdana Menteri <> Negara mana yang menggunakan istilah canselor untuk menunjukkan ketua kerajaan? || Jerman dan Austria <> Apakah ketua kerajaan Monaco dipanggil? || Menteri Negara <> Apakah istilah untuk kedudukan tertinggi dalam kerajaan di Vatican City? || Setiausaha Negara <> Apa yang dipanggil kepala pemerintah Iran? || Presiden <> Apakah setiausaha Negara di Itali? || <> Siapa ketua negara dan kerajaan di Iran? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a term that is used to mean prime minister?", "id": "56dd374a66d3e219004dac6d", "answers": [{"text": "premier", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which countries use the term chancellor to denote the head of government?", "id": "56dd374a66d3e219004dac6e", "answers": [{"text": "Germany and Austria", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the head of Monaco's government called?", "id": "56dd374a66d3e219004dac6f", "answers": [{"text": "Minister of State", "answer_start": 454}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term for the highest position in government in Vatican City?", "id": "56dd374a66d3e219004dac70", "answers": [{"text": "Secretary of State", "answer_start": 538}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the head of Iran's government called?", "id": "56dd374a66d3e219004dac71", "answers": [{"text": "President", "answer_start": 695}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the head of government", "answer_start": 501}], "question": "What is the secretary of State in Italy?", "id": "5acfc92b77cf76001a685f8e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "President", "answer_start": 695}], "question": "Who is head of state and government in Iran?", "id": "5acfc92b77cf76001a685f8f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The convention in the English language is to call nearly all national heads of government \"prime minister\" (sometimes modified to the equivalent term of premier), regardless of the correct title of the head of government as applied in his or her respective country. The few exceptions to the rule are Germany and Austria, whose heads of government titles are almost always translated as Chancellor; Monaco, whose head of government is referred to as the Minister of State; and Vatican City, for which the head of government is titled the Secretary of State. In the case of Ireland, the head of government is occasionally referred to as the Taoiseach by English speakers. A stand-out case is the President of Iran, who is not actually a head of state, but the head of the government of Iran. He is referred to as \"president\" in both the Persian and English languages."}]], [["Walaupun istilah \"institut teknologi\" dan \"politeknik\" adalah sinonim, keutamaan yang mana satu istilah pilihan berbeza dari satu negara ke satu negara. [Perkataan yang diperlukan] <> Apa perkataan yang bermaksud perkara yang sama dengan \"institut teknologi\"? || politeknik", {"qas": [{"question": "What word means the same thing as \"institute of technology\"?", "id": "56dda5689a695914005b9582", "answers": [{"text": "polytechnic", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "While the terms \"institute of technology\" and \"polytechnic\" are synonymous, the preference concerning which one is the preferred term varies from country to country.[citation needed]"}], ["Di Tasmania pada tahun 2009 sistem kolej lama dan TAFE Tasmania telah memulakan penyusunan semula 3 tahun untuk menjadi Politeknik Tasmania www.polytechnic.tas.edu.au, Institut Kemahiran Tasmania www.skillsinstitute.tas.edu.au dan Tasmanian Academy www. academy.tas.edu.au <> TAFE Tasmania memulakan penyusunan semula tiga tahun dalam tahun berapa? || 2009", {"qas": [{"question": "TAFE Tasmania started a three-year restructuring in what year?", "id": "56ddb1249a695914005b958c", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Tasmania in 2009 the old college system and TAFE Tasmania have started a 3-year restructure to become the Tasmanian Polytechnic www.polytechnic.tas.edu.au, Tasmanian Skills Institute www.skillsinstitute.tas.edu.au and Tasmanian Academy www.academy.tas.edu.au"}], ["Politeknik istilah bahasa Inggeris muncul pada awal abad ke-19, dari Perancis \u00c9cole Polytechnique, sebuah sekolah kejuruteraan yang ditubuhkan pada tahun 1794 di Paris. Istilah Perancis berasal dari bahasa Yunani \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd (pol\u00fa atau pol\u00fd) yang bermaksud \"banyak\" dan \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 (tekhnik\u00f3s) yang bermaksud \"seni\". <> Dalam abad apakah istilah politeknik pertama muncul? || Abad ke-19 <> Sekolah apa yang diasaskan pada tahun 1794 mula-mula menggunakan satu bentuk politeknik perkataan dalam namanya? || \u00c9cole Polytechnique <> Bahasa apa perkataan polytechnique Perancis berasal? || Yunani", {"qas": [{"question": "In what century did the term polytechnic first show up?", "id": "56dda5109a695914005b957c", "answers": [{"text": "19th century", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What school founded in 1794 first used a form of the word polytechnic in its name?", "id": "56dda5109a695914005b957d", "answers": [{"text": "\u00c9cole Polytechnique", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language does the French word polytechnique come from?", "id": "56dda5109a695914005b957e", "answers": [{"text": "Greek", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The English term polytechnic appeared in the early 19th century, from the French \u00c9cole Polytechnique, an engineering school founded in 1794 in Paris. The French term comes from the Greek \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd (pol\u00fa or pol\u00fd) meaning \"many\" and \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 (tekhnik\u00f3s) meaning \"arts\"."}], ["Di beberapa negara, seperti Jerman, Belanda, Switzerland dan Turki, institut teknologi dan politeknik adalah institusi pengajian tinggi, dan telah diakreditasi untuk memberi gelar akademik dan doktor. Contoh-contoh terkenal ialah Universiti Teknikal Istanbul, ETH Zurich, \u0130YTE, Universiti Teknologi Delft dan RWTH Aachen, semua universiti dianggap. Institusi macam apa negara-negara seperti Jerman dan Switzerland menganggap institut teknologi menjadi? || institusi pengajian tinggi", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of institutions do countries like Germany and Switzerland consider institutes of technology to be?", "id": "56dda8f166d3e219004dac99", "answers": [{"text": "institutions of higher education", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In several countries, like Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Turkey, institutes of technology and polytechnics are institutions of higher education, and have been accredited to award academic degrees and doctorates. Famous examples are the Istanbul Technical University, ETH Zurich, \u0130YTE, Delft University of Technology and RWTH Aachen, all considered universities.[citation needed]"}], ["Semasa tahun 1970-an hingga awal 1990-an, istilah ini digunakan untuk menggambarkan sekolah-sekolah teknikal yang dimiliki dan dibiayai negeri yang menawarkan pendidikan vokasional dan pendidikan tinggi. Mereka adalah sebahagian daripada sistem Pendidikan Lanjutan Kolej. Pada tahun 1990-an kebanyakan ini bergabung dengan universiti yang sedia ada, atau membentuk yang baru dari mereka sendiri. Universiti-universiti baru ini sering mengambil gelaran Universiti Teknologi, untuk pemasaran dan bukannya tujuan undang-undang. Laporan AVCC Universiti yang paling menonjol di setiap negeri mengasaskan Rangkaian Teknologi Australia beberapa tahun kemudian. <> Apa nama universiti beralih ke tahun 1990-an untuk tujuan pemasaran? || University of Technology <> Sistem apa yang menjadi teknologi teknologi sebagai sebahagian daripada tahun tujuh puluhan, tahun lapan puluhan, dan awal tahun sembilan puluhan? || Sistem pendidikan kolej lanjutan", {"qas": [{"question": "What name did some universities switch to in the 1990s for marketing purposes?", "id": "56ddb03066d3e219004dac9b", "answers": [{"text": "University of Technology", "answer_start": 354}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What system were institutes of technology a part of during the seventies, eighties, and early nineties?", "id": "56ddb03066d3e219004dac9c", "answers": [{"text": "College of Advanced Education system", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the 1970s to early 1990s, the term was used to describe state owned and funded technical schools that offered both vocational and higher education. They were part of the College of Advanced Education system. In the 1990s most of these merged with existing universities, or formed new ones of their own. These new universities often took the title University of Technology, for marketing rather than legal purposes. AVCC report The most prominent such university in each state founded the Australian Technology Network a few years later."}], ["Institut teknologi (juga: universiti teknologi, universiti politeknik, teknikon, dan kolej teknikal) adalah suatu jawatan yang digunakan untuk pelbagai institusi pembelajaran yang menganugerahkan pelbagai jenis ijazah dan beroperasi selalunya pada tahap yang berbeza dalam sistem pendidikan. Ia mungkin merupakan institusi pengajian tinggi dan kejuruteraan lanjutan dan penyelidikan saintifik atau pendidikan vokasional profesional, yang mengkhususkan diri dalam sains, kejuruteraan, dan teknologi atau pelbagai subjek teknikal. Ia juga boleh merujuk kepada sekolah pendidikan menengah yang memberi tumpuan kepada latihan vokasional. [Rujukan?] Istilah institut teknologi sering disingkat IT dan tidak boleh dikelirukan dengan teknologi maklumat. <> Apakah singkatan biasa bagi istilah teknologi teknologi? || IT", {"qas": [{"question": "What's a common abbreviation for the term institute of technology?", "id": "56dda3d266d3e219004dac8f", "answers": [{"text": "IT", "answer_start": 665}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Institute of technology (also: university of technology, polytechnic university, technikon, and technical college) is a designation employed for a wide range of learning institutions awarding different types of degrees and operating often at variable levels of the educational system. It may be an institution of higher education and advanced engineering and scientific research or professional vocational education, specializing in science, engineering, and technology or different sorts of technical subjects. It may also refer to a secondary education school focused in vocational training.[citation needed] The term institute of technology is often abbreviated IT and is not to be confused with information technology."}], ["Sejak pertengahan tahun 1990-an, istilah ini telah digunakan untuk beberapa institusi teknikal dan pendidikan lanjut (TAFE) yang berfikiran teknikal. Satu contoh baru-baru ini ialah penjenamaan semula dan penyusunan semula Polytechnic Melbourne pada tahun 2014 dari Institut Melbourne TAFE Utara. Ini terutamanya menawarkan pendidikan vokasional, walaupun beberapa seperti Politeknik Melbourne sedang berkembang ke pendidikan tinggi yang menawarkan sarjana muda sarjana muda yang berorientasi secara kerjaya. Penggunaan istilah ini paling lazim dalam sejarah di NSW dan ACT. Istilah baru adalah sesuai kerana kategori institusi ini menjadi sangat mirip dengan institut-institut zaman 1970-1990an. <> Apakah singkatan empat huruf untuk teknik teknikal dan pendidikan lanjut? || TAFE <> Apakah nama baru Institut Melbourne TAFE Utara? || Politeknik Melbourne", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the four-letter abbreviation for technically minded technical and further education institutes?", "id": "56ddb0c666d3e219004dac9f", "answers": [{"text": "TAFE", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the new name of the Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE?", "id": "56ddb0c666d3e219004daca0", "answers": [{"text": "Melbourne Polytechnic", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Since the mid-1990s, the term has been applied to some technically minded technical and further education (TAFE) institutes. A recent example is the Melbourne Polytechnic rebranding and repositioning in 2014 from Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE. These primarily offer vocational education, although some like Melbourne Polytechnic are expanding into higher education offering vocationally oriented applied bachelor degress. This usage of the term is most prevalent historically in NSW and the ACT. The new terminology is apt given that this category of institution are becoming very much like the institutes of the 1970s\u20131990s period."}], ["Institut teknologi dan politeknik telah wujud sejak sekurang-kurangnya abad ke-18, tetapi menjadi popular selepas Perang Dunia II dengan pengembangan pendidikan kejuruteraan dan sains yang diterapkan, yang berkaitan dengan keperluan baru yang dihasilkan oleh perindustrian. Institusi teknologi pertama dunia, Berg-Schola (hari ini pengganti undang-undangnya ialah University of Miskolc) diasaskan oleh Dewan Mahkamah Vienna di Selmecb\u00e1nya, Kerajaan Hungary pada tahun 1735 untuk melatih pakar-pakar perlombongan logam dan tembaga berharga menurut Keperluan revolusi perindustrian di Hungary. Institut Teknologi Jerman tertua adalah Universiti Teknologi Braunschweig (ditubuhkan pada tahun 1745 sebagai \"Collegium Carolinum\"). Satu lagi pengecualian ialah \u00c9cole Polytechnique, yang telah mendidik para elit Perancis sejak berdirinya pada tahun 1794. Dalam beberapa kes, politeknik atau institut teknologi adalah sekolah kejuruteraan atau kolej teknikal. <> Apa institut teknologi pertama di dunia? || Berg-Schola <> Perang apa yang menyebabkan peningkatan populariti institut teknologi dan politeknik? || Perang Dunia II <> Apakah nama pengasas Universiti Teknologi Braunschweig? || Collegium Carolinum <> Pada tahun apa yang diasaskan oleh \u00c9cole Polytechnique? || 1794", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the first institute of technology in the world?", "id": "56dda6db66d3e219004dac91", "answers": [{"text": "the Berg-Schola", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What war led to the increased popularity of institutes of technology and polytechnics?", "id": "56dda6db66d3e219004dac92", "answers": [{"text": "World War II", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the founding name of the Braunschweig University of Technology?", "id": "56dda6db66d3e219004dac93", "answers": [{"text": "Collegium Carolinum", "answer_start": 714}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the \u00c9cole Polytechnique founded?", "id": "56dda6db66d3e219004dac94", "answers": [{"text": "1794", "answer_start": 840}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The institutes of technology and polytechnics have been in existence since at least the 18th century, but became popular after World War II with the expansion of engineering and applied science education, associated with the new needs created by industrialization. The world's first institution of technology, the Berg-Schola (today its legal successor is the University of Miskolc) was founded by the Court Chamber of Vienna in Selmecb\u00e1nya, Kingdom of Hungary in 1735 in order to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining according to the requirements of the industrial revolution in Hungary. The oldest German Institute of Technology is the Braunschweig University of Technology (founded in 1745 as \"Collegium Carolinum\"). Another exception is the \u00c9cole Polytechnique, which has educated French \u00e9lites since its foundation in 1794. In some cases, polytechnics or institutes of technology are engineering schools or technical colleges."}], ["Di negara-negara seperti Iran, Finland, Malaysia, Portugal, Singapura atau United Kingdom, terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan dan keliru antara politeknik dan universiti. Di UK sistem pendidikan tinggi binari muncul yang terdiri daripada universiti (orientasi penyelidikan) dan Politeknik (kejuruteraan dan sains terpakai dan orientasi amalan profesional). Politeknik menawarkan ijazah setara universiti dari sarjana, sarjana dan PhD yang disahkan dan ditadbir di peringkat kebangsaan oleh Majlis UK untuk Anugerah Akademik Kebangsaan. Pada tahun 1992 Politeknik UK telah ditetapkan sebagai universiti yang bermaksud mereka boleh menganugerahkan gelar mereka sendiri. CNAA telah dibubarkan. Politeknik pertama UK, Institut Politeknik Diraja (sekarang Universiti Westminster) ditubuhkan pada tahun 1838 di Regent Street, London. Di Ireland istilah institut teknologi adalah sinonim yang lebih digemari oleh sebuah kolej teknikal serantau walaupun yang terakhir adalah istilah yang sah secara sah; Walau bagaimanapun, Institut Teknologi Dublin adalah sebuah universiti di semua tetapi nama yang boleh memberi ijazah mengikut undang-undang, Institut Teknologi Cork dan satu lagi Institusi Teknologi lain telah mewakilkan kuasa dari HETAC untuk membuat anugerah kepada dan termasuk peringkat peringkat sarjana 9 Rangka Kerja Kebangsaan untuk Kelayakan (NFQ) - untuk semua bidang pengajian dan peringkat Doktor di beberapa orang lain. <> Pada tahun apakah politeknik di UK diberikan penamaan universiti? || 1992 <> Apa nama Institut Politeknik Kerajaan sekarang? || Universiti Westminster <> Jalan mana yang di Universiti Westminster? || Jalan Regent", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year were polytechnics in the UK given the university designation?", "id": "56ddaa9b9a695914005b9584", "answers": [{"text": "1992", "answer_start": 576}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the Royal Polytechnic Institution now?", "id": "56ddaa9b9a695914005b9585", "answers": [{"text": "University of Westminster", "answer_start": 772}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What street is the University of Westminster on?", "id": "56ddaa9b9a695914005b9586", "answers": [{"text": "Regent Street", "answer_start": 822}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In countries like Iran, Finland, Malaysia, Portugal, Singapore or the United Kingdom, there is often a significant and confused distinction between polytechnics and universities. In the UK a binary system of higher education emerged consisting of universities (research orientation) and Polytechnics (engineering and applied science and professional practice orientation). Polytechnics offered university equivalent degrees from bachelor's, master's and PhD that were validated and governed at the national level by the independent UK Council for National Academic Awards. In 1992 UK Polytechnics were designated as universities which meant they could award their own degrees. The CNAA was disbanded. The UK's first polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution (now the University of Westminster) was founded in 1838 in Regent Street, London. In Ireland the term institute of technology is the more favored synonym of a regional technical college though the latter is the legally correct term; however, Dublin Institute of Technology is a university in all but name as it can confer degrees in accordance with law, Cork Institute of Technology and another of other Institutes of Technology have delegated authority from HETAC to make awards to and including master's degree level\u2014Level 9 of the National Framework for Qualifications (NFQ)\u2014for all areas of study and Doctorate level in a number of others."}], ["Di beberapa negara, walaupun pada hari ini umumnya dianggap sebagai institusi pengajian tinggi yang sama di banyak negara, politeknik dan institut teknologi yang digunakan untuk mempunyai undang-undang yang agak berbeza antara satu sama lain, kompetensi pengajaran dan sejarah organisasi. Dalam kebanyakan kes, politeknik adalah universiti teknologi elit yang menumpu kepada sains dan kejuruteraan terpakai dan mungkin juga merupakan bekas jawatan institusi vokasional, sebelum ia diberikan hak eksklusif untuk memberi gelar akademik dan boleh benar-benar dipanggil institut teknologi. Sebilangan politeknik yang menyediakan pendidikan tinggi semata-mata hasil dari menaik taraf formal dari peranan asal dan sejarah mereka sebagai sekolah pendidikan teknikal pertengahan. Dalam sesetengah keadaan, bekas politeknik atau institusi bukan universiti telah muncul semata-mata melalui perubahan statut pentadbiran, yang sering kali merangkumi perubahan nama dengan pengenalan jawatan baru seperti institut teknologi, universiti politeknik, universiti sains gunaan, atau universiti teknologi untuk tujuan pemasaran. Kemunculan begitu banyak politeknik yang dinaik taraf, bekas pendidikan vokasional dan sekolah-sekolah teknikal yang diubah menjadi institusi yang lebih kaya di universiti telah menyebabkan kebimbangan di mana kekurangan profesional teknikal pertengahan khusus membawa kepada kekurangan kemahiran industri dalam sesetengah bidang, yang juga dikaitkan dengan peningkatan lulusan kadar pengangguran. Ini kebanyakannya berlaku di negara-negara tersebut, di mana sistem pendidikan tidak dikendalikan oleh negara dan semua orang boleh memberi ijazah. [Rujukan?] Bukti juga menunjukkan penurunan kualiti umum pengajaran dan persiapan siswazah untuk tempat kerja, kerana penukaran cepat institusi teknikal kepada institusi peringkat tinggi yang lebih maju. Mentz, Kotze dan Van der Merwe (2008) berhujah bahawa semua alat telah disediakan untuk mempromosikan perdebatan mengenai tempat teknologi dalam pendidikan tinggi secara umumnya dan di Universiti Teknologi khusus. Aspek-aspek perdebatan ini dapat mengikuti garis-garis berikut: \u2022 Untuk sejauh mana teknologi ditakrif sebagai konsep? \u2022 Apakah skop wacana teknologi? \u2022 Apakah tempat dan hubungan sains dengan teknologi? \u2022 Seberapa berguna rangka kerja Mitcham dalam memikirkan teknologi di Afrika Selatan? \u2022 Adakah ukuran kerjasama yang bertentangan dengan persaingan dicapai di kalangan institusi pendidikan tinggi? \u2022 Siapa yang akhirnya bertanggungjawab untuk latihan vokasional dan apakah peranan teknologi dalam hal ini? <> Istilah apa yang digunakan di sesetengah negara untuk menggambarkan universiti terpilih yang memberi tumpuan kepada pendidikan teknologi dalam sains dan kejuruteraan terpakai? || politeknik", {"qas": [{"question": "What term was used in some countries to describe select universities that focus on technological education in applied science and engineering?", "id": "56ddaea49a695914005b958a", "answers": [{"text": "polytechnics", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In a number of countries, although being today generally considered similar institutions of higher learning across many countries, polytechnics and institutes of technology used to have a quite different statute among each other, its teaching competences and organizational history. In many cases polytechnic were elite technological universities concentrating on applied science and engineering and may also be a former designation for a vocational institution, before it has been granted the exclusive right to award academic degrees and can be truly called an institute of technology. A number of polytechnics providing higher education is simply a result of a formal upgrading from their original and historical role as intermediate technical education schools. In some situations, former polytechnics or other non-university institutions have emerged solely through an administrative change of statutes, which often included a name change with the introduction of new designations like institute of technology, polytechnic university, university of applied sciences, or university of technology for marketing purposes. Such emergence of so many upgraded polytechnics, former vocational education and technical schools converted into more university-like institutions has caused concern where the lack of specialized intermediate technical professionals lead to industrial skill shortages in some fields, being also associated to an increase of the graduate unemployment rate. This is mostly the case in those countries, where the education system is not controlled by the state and everybody can grant degrees.[citation needed] Evidence have also shown a decline in the general quality of teaching and graduate's preparation for the workplace, due to the fast-paced conversion of that technical institutions to more advanced higher level institutions. Mentz, Kotze and Van der Merwe (2008) argues that all the tools are in place to promote the debate on the place of technology in higher education in general and in Universities of Technology specifically. The aspects of this debate can follow the following lines: \u2022 To what degree is technology defined as a concept? \u2022 What is the scope of technology discourse? \u2022 What is the place and relation of science with technology? \u2022 How useful is the Mitcham framework in thinking about technology in South Africa? \u2022 Can a measure of cooperation as opposed to competition be achieved amongst higher education institutions? \u2022 Who ultimately is responsible for vocational training and what is the role of technology in this?"}], ["Hogeschool digunakan di Belgium dan di Belanda. Hogeschool mempunyai banyak persamaan dengan Fachhochschule di kawasan bahasa Jerman dan ammattikorkeakoulu di Finland. <> Istilah apa yang digunakan di Belgium dan Belanda untuk merujuk kepada institusi seperti Fachhochschule Jerman? || hogeschool", {"qas": [{"question": "What term is used in Belgium and the Netherlands to refer to an institution like a German Fachhochschule?", "id": "56ddc6e69a695914005b95ca", "answers": [{"text": "hogeschool", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hogeschool is used in Belgium and in the Netherlands. The hogeschool has many similarities to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas and to the ammattikorkeakoulu in Finland."}], ["Di Kemboja, terdapat Institut Teknologi / Institusi Politeknik, dan Universiti yang menawarkan pengajaran dalam pelbagai program yang boleh membawa kepada: sijil, diploma, dan ijazah. Institut Teknologi / Institut Politeknik dan Universiti cenderung untuk menjadi institusi bebas. <> Negara mana yang mempunyai Institut Teknologi / Institusi Politeknik dari mana pelajar boleh mendapatkan sijil, diploma, dan ijazah? || Kemboja", {"qas": [{"question": "What country has Institutes of Technology/Polytechnic Institutes from which students can earn certificates, diplomas, and degrees?", "id": "56ddcee466d3e219004dacf3", "answers": [{"text": "Cambodia", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Cambodia, there are Institutes of Technology/Polytechnic Institutes, and Universities that offer instruction in a variety of programs that can lead to: certificates, diplomas, and degrees. Institutes of Technology/Polytechnic Institutes and Universities tend to be independent institutions."}], ["Fachhochschule adalah sebuah institusi pengajian tinggi tertiari Jerman dan diadopsi kemudian di Austria dan Switzerland. Mereka tidak hanya memberi tumpuan kepada teknologi, tetapi juga boleh menawarkan kursus dalam sains sosial, perubatan, perniagaan dan reka bentuk. Mereka memberikan ijazah sarjana muda dan ijazah sarjana, dan memberi tumpuan lebih kepada pengajaran daripada penyelidikan dan lebih banyak mengenai profesion khusus daripada sains. <> Apa perkataan Jerman untuk institusi pengajian tinggi? || Fachhochschule <> Sebagai tambahan kepada ijazah Sarjana Muda, apakah jenis ijazah lain yang boleh diperolehi dari Fachhochschule? || ijazah sarjana", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the German word for a tertiary education institution?", "id": "56ddc65d9a695914005b95c6", "answers": [{"text": "Fachhochschule", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to Bachelor's degrees, what other kind of degree can one earn from a Fachhochschule?", "id": "56ddc65d9a695914005b95c7", "answers": [{"text": "master's degrees", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Fachhochschule is a German type of tertiary education institution and adopted later in Austria and Switzerland. They do not focus exclusively on technology, but may also offer courses in social science, medicine, business and design. They grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees, and focus more on teaching than research and more on specific professions than on science."}], ["Di sektor pendidikan tinggi, terdapat tujuh Universiti Teknologi yang ditunjuk di Australia (walaupun, perhatikan, tidak semua menggunakan frasa \"universiti teknologi\", seperti Universiti Canberra dan Australia Selatan, yang pernah menjadi Kolej Pendidikan Lanjutan sebelum beralih ke universiti sepenuhnya dengan keupayaan - yang paling penting dari semua - untuk memberi doktor.): <> Di Australia, berapa universiti diiktiraf sebagai Universiti Teknologi? || tujuh", {"qas": [{"question": "In Australia, how many universities are recognized as Universities of Technology?", "id": "56ddc59766d3e219004dace3", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the higher education sector, there are seven designated Universities of Technology in Australia (though, note, not all use the phrase \"university of technology\", such as the Universities of Canberra and South Australia, which used to be Colleges of Advanced Education before transitioning into fully-fledged universities with the ability - most important of all - to confer doctorates):"}], ["Institusi Hogeschool di Komunitas Flemish Belgium (seperti Erasmus Hogeschool Brussel) sedang menjalani proses akademis. Mereka membentuk persatuan dengan universiti dan mengintegrasikan penyelidikan ke dalam kurikulum, yang akan membolehkan mereka menyampaikan gelar sarjana akademik. <> Apa istilah merujuk kepada proses yang menjalani hogeschool sebelum dapat meraih gelar Sarjana? || akademik", {"qas": [{"question": "What term refers to the process that a hogeschool undergoes before it's able to award Master's degrees?", "id": "56ddcc4666d3e219004dacf1", "answers": [{"text": "academization", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hogeschool institutions in the Flemish Community of Belgium (such as the Erasmus Hogeschool Brussel) are currently undergoing a process of academization. They form associations with a university and integrate research into the curriculum, which will allow them to deliver academic master's degrees."}], ["Beberapa kolej dan institusi politeknik yang paling dihormati di Kanada turut mengambil bahagian dalam projek-projek institut-industri kolaboratif, yang membawa kepada pengkomersilan teknologi, dimungkinkan melalui skop Politeknik Kanada; satu persekutuan kebangsaan beramai-ramai kolej intensif penyelidikan dan institut teknologi. <> Apakah persekutuan kebangsaan Kanada daripada 11 sekolah yang berpusatkan penyelidikan dipanggil? || Politeknik Kanada <> Apa jenis projek yang ditaja oleh Politeknik Kanada yang boleh membawa kepada pengkomersialan teknologi? || projek institut-industri kolaboratif", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Canada's national alliance of 11 research-focused schools called?", "id": "56ddd1059a695914005b95f2", "answers": [{"text": "Polytechnics Canada", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of projects does Polytechnics Canada sponsor that can lead to technology commercialization?", "id": "56ddd1059a695914005b95f3", "answers": [{"text": "collaborative institute-industry projects", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some of Canada's most esteemed colleges and polytechnic institutions also partake in collaborative institute-industry projects, leading to technology commercialization, made possible through the scope of Polytechnics Canada; a national alliance of eleven leading research-intensive colleges and institutes of technology."}], ["Di Belanda, empat bekas institut teknologi telah menjadi universiti selama beberapa dekad yang lalu. Ini adalah tiga Universiti Teknikal semasa (di Delft, Eindhoven dan Enschede), serta bekas institut pertanian di Wageningen. Senarai semua hogescholen di Belanda, termasuk beberapa yang mungkin dipanggil politeknik, boleh didapati di sini. <> Berapa banyak institut teknologi di Belanda telah berubah menjadi universiti sepenuhnya dalam beberapa dekad yang lalu? || empat <> Berapa banyak Universiti Teknikal yang ada di Belanda hari ini? || tiga", {"qas": [{"question": "How many institutes of technology in the Netherlands have converted into full-fledged universities in the past few decades?", "id": "56ddcd039a695914005b95dc", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Technical Universities are there in the Netherlands today?", "id": "56ddcd039a695914005b95dd", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the Netherlands, four former institutes of technology have become universities over the past decades. These are the current three Technical Universities (at Delft, Eindhoven and Enschede), plus the former agricultural institute in Wageningen. A list of all hogescholen in the Netherlands, including some which might be called polytechnics, can be found here."}], ["Kredensial biasanya diberikan di peringkat sarjana, namun sekolah-sekolah yang bersekutu universiti seperti \u00c9cole de technologie sup\u00e9rieure dan \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al (kedua-duanya terletak di Quebec), juga menawarkan program siswazah dan pascasarjana, mengikut garis panduan pendidikan wilayah provinsi . Institusi pendidikan tinggi Kanada, di semua peringkat, menjalankan penyelidikan yang diarahkan dan diterapkan dengan pembiayaan yang diperuntukkan melalui pembiayaan awam, ekuiti persendirian, atau sumber industri. <> Di bandar apakah \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al terletak? || Quebec <> Selain daripada sumber ekuiti dan industri swasta, apakah sumber pendanaan penyelidikan ketiga untuk institusi pengajian tinggi di Kanada? || pembiayaan awam", {"qas": [{"question": "In what city is the \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al located?", "id": "56ddd0139a695914005b95e8", "answers": [{"text": "Quebec", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to private equity and industry sources, what's a third source of research funding for institutions of higher learning in Canada?", "id": "56ddd0139a695914005b95e9", "answers": [{"text": "public funding", "answer_start": 456}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Credentials are typically conferred at the undergraduate level, however university-affiliated schools like the \u00c9cole de technologie sup\u00e9rieure and the \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al (both of which are located in Quebec), also offer graduate and postgraduate programs, in accordance with provincial higher education guidelines. Canadian higher education institutions, at all levels, undertake directed and applied research with financing allocated through public funding, private equity, or industry sources."}], ["Pendidikan tinggi moden China bermula pada tahun 1895 dengan Imperial Tientsin University yang merupakan politeknik serta jabatan undang-undang. Seni liberal tidak ditawarkan sehingga tiga tahun kemudian di Capital University. Sehingga hari ini, kira-kira separuh daripada universiti elit China kekal pada dasarnya politeknik. <> Pada tahun apakah Imperial Tientsin University ditubuhkan di China? || 1895 <> Apa universiti pertama yang menawarkan kursus dalam seni liberal? || Universiti Modal <> Sebahagian bahagian universiti elit China masih mempunyai fokus politeknik utama hari ini? || separuh", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was the Imperial Tientsin University founded in China?", "id": "56ddd2029a695914005b95f6", "answers": [{"text": "1895", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first university to offer courses in liberal arts?", "id": "56ddd2029a695914005b95f7", "answers": [{"text": "Capital University", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What portion of China's elite universities still have a primary polytechnical focus today?", "id": "56ddd2029a695914005b95f8", "answers": [{"text": "half", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "China's modern higher education began in 1895 with the Imperial Tientsin University which was a polytechnic plus a law department. Liberal arts were not offered until three years later at Capital University. To this day, about half of China's elite universities remain essentially polytechnical."}], ["Di Kanada, terdapat Sekolah-sekolah, Kolej, Institut Teknologi / Institut Politeknik, dan Universiti yang menawarkan pengajaran dalam pelbagai program yang boleh membawa kepada: kejuruteraan dan ijazah sains gunaan, program perantisan dan perdagangan, sijil, dan diploma. Sekolah-sekolah Afiliasi adalah bahagian politeknik kepunyaan universiti nasional dan menawarkan program teknik dan kejuruteraan terpilih. Kolej, Institut Teknologi / Institut Politeknik, dan Universiti cenderung menjadi institusi bebas. <> Apa bahagian politeknik universiti kebangsaan dipanggil di Kanada? || Sekolah Gabungan", {"qas": [{"question": "What are polytechnic divisions of national universities called in Canada?", "id": "56ddcf2b66d3e219004dacf5", "answers": [{"text": "Affiliate Schools", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Canada, there are Affiliate Schools, Colleges, Institutes of Technology/Polytechnic Institutes, and Universities that offer instruction in a variety of programs that can lead to: engineering and applied science degrees, apprenticeship and trade programs, certificates, and diplomas. Affiliate Schools are polytechnic divisions belonging to a national university and offer select technical and engineering programs. Colleges, Institutes of Technology/Polytechnic Institutes, and Universities tend to be independent institutions."}], ["Di Croatia terdapat banyak institut politeknik dan kolej yang menawarkan pendidikan politeknik. Undang-undang mengenai pendidikan politeknik di Croatia telah diluluskan pada tahun 1997. <> Berapa tahun Croatia meluluskan undang-undang mengenai pendidikan politeknik? || 1997", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did Croatia pass a law regarding polytechnic education?", "id": "56ddd24566d3e219004dad05", "answers": [{"text": "1997", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Croatia there are many polytechnic institutes and colleges that offer a polytechnic education. The law about polytechnic education in Croatia was passed in 1997."}], ["Jabatan Sains Nuklear di EPN adalah satu-satunya di Ecuador dan mempunyai infrastruktur yang besar, yang berkaitan dengan kepintaran iradiasi seperti sumber kobalt-60 dan pemprosesan elektron Elektron. <> Jabatan Sains Nuklear EPN adalah antara berapa jenisnya di Ecuador? || satu", {"qas": [{"question": "EPN's Nuclear Science Department is among how many of its kind in Ecuador?", "id": "56ddd5259a695914005b95fe", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Nuclear Science Department at EPN is the only one in Ecuador and has the large infrastructure, related to irrradiation factilities like cobalt-60 source and Electron beam processing."}], ["EPN dikenali untuk penyelidikan dan pendidikan dalam sains, astronomi, fizik atmosfera, kejuruteraan dan sains fizikal. Institut Geofizik memantau aktiviti seismik, tektonik dan gunung berapi negara di wilayah kontinental dan di Kepulauan Gal\u00e1pagos. <> Institusi apa yang bertanggungjawab mengesan aktiviti gunung berapi di Kepulauan Gal\u00e1pagos? || Institut Geofizik", {"qas": [{"question": "What institution is in charge of tracking volcanic activity in the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands?", "id": "56ddd3909a695914005b95fc", "answers": [{"text": "The Geophysics Institute", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "EPN is known for research and education in the applied science, astronomy, atmospheric physics, engineering and physical sciences. The Geophysics Institute  monitors over the country`s seismic, tectonic and volcanic activity in the continental territory and in the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands."}], ["Kolej-kolej kolej yang menggabungkan beberapa sekolah kejuruteraan atau kelompok-kelompok pelbagai laman web Perancis memberi bantuan kurikulum sains dan teknologi sebagai institusi kejuruteraan pendidikan autonomi. Mereka termasuk: <> Universiti yang merangkumi beberapa sekolah kejuruteraan menyediakan kurikulum dalam bidang sains dan bidang yang lain? || teknologi", {"qas": [{"question": "Universities that encompass several engineering schools provide curricula in sciences and what other field?", "id": "56ddf07e9a695914005b96f4", "answers": [{"text": "technology", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Collegiate universities grouping several engineering schools or multi-site clusters of French grandes \u00e9coles provide sciences and technology curricula as autonomous higher education engineering institutes. They include :"}], ["Misinya adalah untuk menyediakan pendidikan, latihan dan penyelidikan yang berkualiti tinggi dalam bidang sains dan teknologi untuk menghasilkan profesional yang berkelayakan yang boleh menggunakan pengetahuan dan kemahiran mereka dalam pembangunan negara. <> Jika misi dicapai, para profesional akan menerapkan apa yang telah mereka pelajari dengan matlamat apa? || pembangunan negara", {"qas": [{"question": "If the mission is achieved, professionals will apply what they've learned to what goal?", "id": "56ddd6da66d3e219004dad1d", "answers": [{"text": "the country's development", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Its mission is to provide high quality education, training and research in the areas of science and technology to produce qualified professionals that can apply their knowledge and skills in the country's development."}], ["Universiti Teknologi secara akademik serupa dengan universiti lain (bukan politeknik). Sebelum proses Bologna, M.Sc. (Tech.) Diperlukan 180 kredit, manakala M.Sc. dari universiti biasa diperlukan 160 kredit. Kredit antara Universiti Teknologi dan universiti biasa adalah setanding. <> Berapa banyak kredit diperlukan untuk M.Sc. (Tech.) Sebelum proses Bologna? || 180 <> Berapa banyak kredit diperlukan untuk M.Sc. dari universiti tradisional sebelum Proses Bologna? || 160", {"qas": [{"question": "How many credits were needed for an M.Sc. (Tech.) degree before the Bologna Process?", "id": "56dddfb866d3e219004dad65", "answers": [{"text": "180", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many credits were needed for an M.Sc. from a traditional university prior to the Bologna Process?", "id": "56dddfb866d3e219004dad66", "answers": [{"text": "160", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Universities of Technology are academically similar to other (non-polytechnic) universities. Prior to Bologna process, M.Sc. (Tech.) required 180 credits, whereas M.Sc. from a normal university required 160 credits. The credits between Universities of Technology and normal universities are comparable."}], ["Salah satu pemerhatian tertua di Amerika Selatan adalah Observatori Astronomi Quito. Ditubuhkan pada tahun 1873 dan terletak 12 minit di selatan Equator di Quito, Ecuador. Balai Cerap Astronomi Quito adalah Balai Cerap Kebangsaan Ecuador dan terletak di Pusat Bersejarah Quito dan diuruskan oleh Sekolah Politeknik Nasional. <> Observatori apa yang menjadi Balai Cerap Kebangsaan Ecuador? || Observatorium Astronomi Quito <> Sekolah apa yang mengawasi Balai Cerap Astronomi Quito? || Sekolah Politeknik Kebangsaan <> Bilakah Observatori Astronomi Quito ditubuhkan? || 1873", {"qas": [{"question": "What observatory is the National Observatory of Ecuador?", "id": "56ddd49566d3e219004dad07", "answers": [{"text": "Quito Astronomical Observatory", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What school oversees the Quito Astronomical Observatory?", "id": "56ddd49566d3e219004dad08", "answers": [{"text": "National Polytechnic School", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Quito Astronomical Observatory founded?", "id": "56ddd49566d3e219004dad09", "answers": [{"text": "1873", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One of the oldest observatories in South America is the Quito Astronomical Observatory. Founded in 1873 and located 12 minutes south of the Equator in Quito, Ecuador. The Quito Astronomical Observatory is the National Observatory of Ecuador and is located in the Historic Center of Quito and is managed by the National Polytechnic School."}], ["Universiti Teknologi dikategorikan sebagai universiti, dibenarkan memberikan B.Sc. (Tech.), M.Sc. (Tech.), Lic.Sc. (Tech.), Ph.D. dan D.Sc. (Tech.) dan kira-kira sesuai dengan Instituts de Technologie bidang berbahasa Perancis dan Technische Universit\u00e4t Jerman dalam prestij. Sebagai tambahan kepada universiti teknologi, sesetengah universiti, mis. Universiti Oulu dan \u00c5bo Akademi University, dibenarkan memberikan B.Sc. (teknologi.), M.Sc. (tech.) dan D.Sc. (Tech.) Darjah. <> Apa yang bersamaan dengan Universiti Teknologi di kawasan berbahasa Perancis? || Institut teknologi", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the equivalent of Universities of Technology in French-speaking areas?", "id": "56ddde4a9a695914005b9626", "answers": [{"text": "Instituts de technologie", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Universities of Technology are categorised as universities, are allowed to grant B.Sc. (Tech.), M.Sc. (Tech.), Lic.Sc. (Tech.), Ph.D. and D.Sc.(Tech.) degrees and roughly correspond to Instituts de technologie of French-speaking areas and Technische Universit\u00e4t of Germany in prestige. In addition to universities of technology, some universities, e.g. University of Oulu and \u00c5bo Akademi University, are allowed to grant the B.Sc. (tech.), M.Sc. (tech.) and D.Sc. (Tech.) degrees."}], ["MIT menimbulkan dana daripada organisasi bukan kerajaan dan individu yang menyokong misi dan objektif Institut. Persatuan Pembangunan Tigray, penyokongnya, dan REST telah menyediakan dana awal untuk melancarkan Institut. Hasil daripada usaha-usaha yang tidak sepatutnya dibuat oleh Lembaga Pimpinan Sementara untuk mendapatkan bantuan teknikal dan kewangan, Institut telah memperoleh sokongan kewangan dan material serta menjanjikan tajaan untuk 50 orang pelajar, yang meliputi yuran pengajian mereka, bilik dan lembaga sehingga pengijazahan. MIT juga dapat menjalin hubungan dengan beberapa universiti dan kolej di Amerika Syarikat, yang telah menyediakan sokongan tenaga dan bahan kepada MIT. Institut ini ditadbir oleh lembaga mentadbir sementara. <> MIT mengumpul wang untuk menampung tuisyen, ruang dan papan untuk berapa bilangan pelajar? || 50", {"qas": [{"question": "MIT raised money to cover tuition, room and board for what number of students?", "id": "56dddd9d66d3e219004dad4b", "answers": [{"text": "50", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "MIT raises funds from non-governmental organizations and individuals who support the mission and objectives of the Institute. Tigray Development Association, its supporters, and REST have provided the initial funds for the launching of the Institute. As a result of the unstinting efforts made by the Provisional Governing Board to obtain technical and financial assistance, the Institute has so far secured financial and material support as well as pledges of sponsorship for 50 students, covering their tuition fees, room and board up to graduation. The MIT has also been able to create linkages with some universities and colleges in the United States of America, which have provided manpower and material support to MIT. The institute is governed by a provisional governing board."}], ["Sekolah Politeknik berbeza dari universiti akademik di Finland. Ammattikorkeakoulu adalah istilah yang biasa di Finland, seperti alternatif Sweden \"yrkesh\u00f6gskola\" - tumpuan mereka adalah pada pengajian yang membawa kepada ijazah (contohnya insin\u00f6\u00f6ri, jurutera dalam penggunaan antarabangsa, Sarjana Muda Kejuruteraan) dalam jenis yang berbeza dari segi tetapi setanding dengan ijazah sarjana akademik yang dianugerahkan oleh sebuah universiti. Sejak tahun 2006 politeknik telah menawarkan pengajian yang membawa kepada ijazah sarjana (Sarjana Kejuruteraan). Selepas 1 Januari 2006, beberapa Finland ammattikorkeakoulus menukar istilah \"politeknik\" istilah Inggeris kepada istilah \"universiti sains gunaan\" dalam terjemahan bahasa Inggeris tentang nama-nama undang-undang mereka. Ammattikorkeakoulu mempunyai banyak persamaan dengan hogeschool di Belgium dan di Belanda dan ke Fachhochschule di kawasan bahasa Jerman. <> Di negara apakah sekolah-sekolah politeknik yang unik dari universiti akademik? || Finland <> Berapakah perkataan sekolah politeknik di Finland? || ammattikorkeakoulus <> Apakah perkataan Sweden untuk sekolah politeknik? || yrkesh\u00f6gskola", {"qas": [{"question": "In what country are polytechnic schools designated uniquely from academic universities?", "id": "56dde0a49a695914005b963a", "answers": [{"text": "Finland", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What word means polytechnic school in Finnish?", "id": "56dde0a49a695914005b963b", "answers": [{"text": "ammattikorkeakoulus", "answer_start": 541}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the Swedish word for a polytechnic school?", "id": "56dde0a49a695914005b963c", "answers": [{"text": "yrkesh\u00f6gskola", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Polytechnic schools are distinct from academic universities in Finland. Ammattikorkeakoulu is the common term in Finland, as is the Swedish alternative \"yrkesh\u00f6gskola\" \u2013 their focus is on studies leading to a degree (for instance insin\u00f6\u00f6ri, engineer; in international use, Bachelor of Engineering) in kind different from but in level comparable to an academic bachelor's degree awarded by a university. Since 2006 the polytechnics have offered studies leading to master's degrees (Master of Engineering). After January 1, 2006, some Finnish ammattikorkeakoulus switched the English term \"polytechnic\" to the term \"university of applied sciences\" in the English translations of their legal names. The ammattikorkeakoulu has many similarities to the hogeschool in Belgium and in the Netherlands and to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas."}], ["Di bahagian berbahasa Switzerland, terdapat juga istilah haute \u00e9cole specialis\u00e9e untuk jenis institusi yang dipanggil Fachhochschule di bahagian berbahasa Jerman. (lihat di bawah). <> Apa istilah dalam bahasa Jerman untuk apa yang di dalam bahasa Perancis yang berbahasa Perancis memanggil haute \u00e9cole specialis\u00e9e? || Fachhochschule", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the term in German for what those in French-speaking Switzerland call haute \u00e9cole specialis\u00e9e?", "id": "56ddf1d166d3e219004dae41", "answers": [{"text": "Fachhochschule", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the French-speaking part of Switzerland exists also the term haute \u00e9cole specialis\u00e9e for a type of institution called Fachhochschule in the German-speaking part of the country. (see below)."}], ["Technische Universit\u00e4t (singkatan: TU) adalah istilah umum untuk universiti teknologi atau universiti teknikal. Institusi-institusi ini boleh memberi gelaran habilitasi dan doktor dan fokus pada penyelidikan. <> Apakah singkatan untuk Technische Universit\u00e4t? || TU <> Apa tumpuan utama Technische Universit\u00e4t? || penyelidikan", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the abbreviation for a Technische Universit\u00e4t?", "id": "56ddf4229a695914005b9724", "answers": [{"text": "TU", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the main focus of a Technische Universit\u00e4t?", "id": "56ddf4229a695914005b9725", "answers": [{"text": "research", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Technische Universit\u00e4t (abbreviation: TU) are the common terms for universities of technology or technical university. These institutions can grant habilitation and doctoral degrees and focus on research."}], ["Nieders\u00e4chsische Technische Hochschule adalah usahasama dari TU Clausthal, TU Braunschweig dan University of Hanover. Sesetengah universiti di Jerman juga boleh dilihat sebagai institut teknologi kerana terdiri daripada penyebaran ilmu sains yang luas dan mempunyai sejarah sebagai universiti teknikal. Contoh adalah <> Apa projek bersama TU Clausthal, TU Braunschweig, dan Universiti Hanover dipanggil? || Nieders\u00e4chsische Technische Hochschule", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the joint project of TU Clausthal, TU Braunschweig, and the University of Hanover called?", "id": "56ddf7914396321400ee2527", "answers": [{"text": "Nieders\u00e4chsische Technische Hochschule", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nieders\u00e4chsische Technische Hochschule is a joint-venture of TU Clausthal, TU Braunschweig and University of Hanover. Some universities in Germany can also be seen as institutes of technology due to comprising a wide spread of technical sciences and having a history as a technical university. Examples are"}], ["Sembilan universiti Technische Universit\u00e4ten yang terbesar dan paling terkenal di Jerman telah membentuk TU9 Institut Teknologi Jerman sebagai komuniti kepentingan. Technische Universit\u00e4ten biasanya mempunyai fakulti atau jabatan sains semulajadi dan sering ekonomi tetapi juga boleh mempunyai unit sains dan sosial budaya dan seni. RWTH Aachen, TU Dresden dan TU M\u00fcnchen juga mempunyai fakulti perubatan yang berkaitan dengan hospital universiti (Klinikum Aachen, Hospital Universiti Dresden, Hospital Rechts der Isar). <> Fakulti jabatan mana yang boleh dikaitkan dengan hospital universiti? || perubatan <> Berapa banyak Technische Universit\u00e4ten membentuk TU9 German Institutes of Technology? || sembilan", {"qas": [{"question": "Which department's faculty can be associated with university hospitals?", "id": "56ddf6914396321400ee250d", "answers": [{"text": "medicine", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Technische Universit\u00e4ten make up the TU9 German Institutes of Technology?", "id": "56ddf6914396321400ee250e", "answers": [{"text": "nine", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The nine largest and most renowned Technische Universit\u00e4ten in Germany have formed TU9 German Institutes of Technology as community of interests. Technische Universit\u00e4ten normally have faculties or departements of natural sciences and often of economics but can also have units of cultural and social sciences and arts. RWTH Aachen, TU Dresden and TU M\u00fcnchen also have a faculty of medicine associated with university hospitals (Klinikum Aachen, University Hospital Dresden, Rechts der Isar Hospital)."}], ["Terdapat 17 universiti teknologi di Jerman dengan sekitar 290,000 pelajar mendaftar. Empat negeri Bremen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Saxony-Anhalt dan Schleswig-Holstein tidak beroperasi Technische Universit\u00e4t. Saxony dan Lower Saxony mempunyai jumlah tertinggi TU, manakala di Saxony tiga dari empat universiti adalah universiti teknologi. <> Berapa banyak teknologi teknologi yang ada di Jerman? || 17 <> Berapakah anggaran bilangan pelajar di Jerman yang mendaftar di universiti teknologi? || 290,000 <> Negara Jerman manakah yang mempunyai nisbah tertinggi universiti teknologi untuk universiti yang standard? || Saxony", {"qas": [{"question": "How many institutes of technology are there in Germany?", "id": "56ddf73e4396321400ee2521", "answers": [{"text": "17", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the approximate number of students in Germany who are enrolled in a university of technology?", "id": "56ddf73e4396321400ee2522", "answers": [{"text": "290,000", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which German state has the highest ratio of universities of technology to standard universities?", "id": "56ddf73e4396321400ee2523", "answers": [{"text": "Saxony", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are 17 universities of technology in Germany with about 290,000 students enrolled. The four states of Bremen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Saxony-Anhalt and Schleswig-Holstein are not operating a Technische Universit\u00e4t. Saxony and Lower Saxony have the highest counts of TUs, while in Saxony three out of four universities are universities of technology."}], ["Di samping itu, sistem pendidikan Perancis merangkumi banyak institut teknologi, tertanam dalam kebanyakan universiti Perancis. Mereka dirujuk sebagai institut universitaire de technologie (IUT). Institut universiti berorientasikan teknologi menyediakan kurikulum teknologi siswazah. 'Polytech institutes', yang ditanam sebagai sebahagian daripada sebelas universiti Perancis menyediakan kurikulum kejuruteraan sarjana dan lepasan. <> Apa institut teknologi yang dipanggil di Perancis? || institut universitaire de technologie <> Apa akta tiga huruf untuk institut universitaire de technologie? || IUT", {"qas": [{"question": "What are an institute of technology called in France?", "id": "56ddf1249a695914005b9702", "answers": [{"text": "institut universitaire de technologie", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the three-letter acronym for institut universitaire de technologie?", "id": "56ddf1249a695914005b9703", "answers": [{"text": "IUT", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In addition, France's education system includes many institutes of technology, embedded within most French universities. They are referred-to as institut universitaire de technologie (IUT). Instituts universitaires de technologie provide undergraduate technology curricula. 'Polytech institutes', embedded as a part of eleven French universities provide both undergraduate and graduate engineering curricula."}], ["Fachhochschulen mula ditubuhkan pada awal 1970-an. Mereka tidak hanya memberi tumpuan kepada teknologi, tetapi juga boleh menawarkan kursus dalam sains sosial, perubatan, perniagaan dan reka bentuk. Mereka memberikan ijazah sarjana muda dan ijazah sarjana, dan memberi tumpuan lebih kepada pengajaran daripada penyelidikan dan lebih banyak mengenai profesion khusus daripada sains. <> Fachhochschulen pertama kali berlaku pada tahun-tahun awal dekad apa? || 1970-an <> Fachhochschulen memihak kepada pendidikan apa yang bertentangan dengan penyelidikan? || mengajar <> Selain teknologi, Fachhochschulen menawarkan kursus dalam sains sosial, perubatan, reka bentuk, dan apa yang disiplin lain? || perniagaan", {"qas": [{"question": "Fachhochschulen first came about in the early years of what decade?", "id": "56ddf39a66d3e219004dae59", "answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Fachhochschulen favor an education in what, as opposed to research?", "id": "56ddf39a66d3e219004dae5a", "answers": [{"text": "teaching", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to technology, Fachhochschulen offer courses in social science, medicine, design, and what other discipline?", "id": "56ddf39a66d3e219004dae5b", "answers": [{"text": "business", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Fachhochschulen were first founded in the early 1970s. They do not focus exclusively on technology, but may also offer courses in social science, medicine, business and design. They grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees, and focus more on teaching than research and more on specific professions than on science."}], ["Sistem pengajian tinggi, yang dipengaruhi oleh sistem pendidikan Perancis yang ditetapkan pada akhir abad ke-18, menggunakan istilah yang diperoleh dengan merujuk kepada polytechnique \u00c9cole Perancis. Terma ini termasuk \u00c9coles Polytechniques (Algeria, Belgium, Kanada, Perancis, Switzerland, Tunisia), Escola Polit\u00e9cnica (Brasil, Sepanyol), Polytechnicum (Eropah Timur). <> Di Eropah Timur, apakah perkataan untuk teknologi teknologi? || Polytechnicum <> Berapa abad dalam sejarah Perancis termasuk polytechnique Perancis \u00c9cole yang mempengaruhi sistem pendidikan di negara lain? || 18 <> Apa istilah di Brazil dan Sepanyol merujuk kepada institusi politeknik? || Escola Polit\u00e9cnica", {"qas": [{"question": "In Eastern Europe, what is the word for an institute of technology?", "id": "56ddf2ba66d3e219004dae4f", "answers": [{"text": "Polytechnicum", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What century in France's history included the French \u00c9cole polytechnique that influenced education systems in other countries?", "id": "56ddf2ba66d3e219004dae50", "answers": [{"text": "18th", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term in Brasil and Spain refers to a polytechnic institute?", "id": "56ddf2ba66d3e219004dae51", "answers": [{"text": "Escola Polit\u00e9cnica", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Higher education systems, that are influenced by the French education system set at the end of the 18th century, use a terminology derived by reference to the French \u00c9cole polytechnique. Such terms include \u00c9coles Polytechniques (Algeria, Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland, Tunisia), Escola Polit\u00e9cnica (Brasil, Spain), Polytechnicum (Eastern Europe)."}], ["Di Greece, terdapat 2 \"Politeknik\" sebahagian daripada pendidikan tinggi awam di Greece dan mereka menyampaikan Diplom Uni 5 tahun (300E.C.T.S - I.S.C.E.D. 5A), Universiti Teknikal Kebangsaan Athens dan Universiti Teknikal Crete. Juga terdapat Institusi Pendidikan Teknologi Tinggi Greek (\u0391\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u0395\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u0399\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 - \u0391.T.E.I). Selepas Akta Pembaharuan Pendidikan Tinggi N.1404 / 1983 (\u039d.1404 / 1983 - 2916/2001 - \u039d. 3549/2007 - N. 3685/2008 - N. 4009/2011) Institut Pendidikan Teknologi merupakan, selari dan bersamaan dengan universiti sebahagian daripada pendidikan tinggi awam di Greece. Mereka menganjurkan ijazah sarjana muda 4 tahun (Diplom FH) (240E.C.T.S - I.S.C.E.D. 5A). <> Apakah nama Akta yang mengubah bagaimana institut teknologi awam Yunani ditetapkan? || Akta Pembaharuan Pendidikan Tinggi", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the name of the Act that changed how Greek public institutes of technology were designated?", "id": "56ddf8adcffd8e1900b4b542", "answers": [{"text": "Higher Education Reform Act", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Greece, there are 2 \"Polytechnics\" part of the public higher education in Greece and they confer a 5-year Diplom Uni (300E.C.T.S \u2013 I.S.C.E.D. 5A), the National Technical University of Athens and the Technical University of Crete. Also, there are Greek Higher Technological Educational Institutes (\u0391\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u0395\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u0399\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u2013 \u0391.T.E.I). After the N.1404/1983 Higher Education Reform Act (\u039d.1404/1983 - 2916/2001 - \u039d. 3549/2007 - N. 3685/2008 - N. 4009/2011) the Technological Educational Institute constitute, a parallel and equivalent with universities part of the public higher education in Greece. They confer 4-year bachelor's degree (Diplom FH) (240E.C.T.S \u2013 I.S.C.E.D. 5A)."}], ["Politeknik pertama di Hong Kong adalah Politeknik Hong Kong, ditubuhkan pada tahun 1972 melalui menaiktaraf Kolej Teknikal Hong Kong (Sekolah Perdagangan Kerajaan sebelum tahun 1947). Politeknik kedua, Polytechnic City of Hong Kong, ditubuhkan pada tahun 1984. Politeknik ini menerima ijazah, diploma tinggi, serta ijazah akademik. Sama seperti United Kingdom, kedua politeknik itu diberikan status universiti pada tahun 1994, dan dinamakan semula sebagai Politeknik Universiti Hong Kong dan City University of Hong Kong masing-masing. Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Hong Kong, sebuah universiti dengan fokus dalam sains, kejuruteraan dan perniagaan yang diterapkan, ditubuhkan pada tahun 1991. <> Apa sekolah politeknik yang pertama di Hong Kong? || Politeknik Hong Kong <> Apakah nama asal Politeknik Hong Kong? || Kolej Teknikal Hong Kong <> Dalam tahun apakah Politeknik Kota Hong Kong ditubuhkan? || 1984 <> Apa universiti Hong Kong dicipta pada tahun 1991? || Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Hong Kong <> Bilakah kedua-dua sekolah politeknik di Hong Kong menerima status sebagai universiti? || 1994", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the very first polytechnic school in Hong Kong?", "id": "56ddfa66cffd8e1900b4b546", "answers": [{"text": "The Hong Kong Polytechnic", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the original name of Hong Kong Polytechnic?", "id": "56ddfa66cffd8e1900b4b547", "answers": [{"text": "Hong Kong Technical College", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong founded?", "id": "56ddfa66cffd8e1900b4b548", "answers": [{"text": "1984", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Hong Kong university was created in 1991?", "id": "56ddfa66cffd8e1900b4b549", "answers": [{"text": "Hong Kong University of Science and Technology", "answer_start": 526}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the two polytechnic schools in Hong Kong receive status as universities?", "id": "56ddfa66cffd8e1900b4b54a", "answers": [{"text": "1994", "answer_start": 416}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first polytechnic in Hong Kong is The Hong Kong Polytechnic, established in 1972 through upgrading the Hong Kong Technical College (Government Trade School before 1947). The second polytechnic, the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, was founded in 1984. These polytechnics awards diplomas, higher diplomas, as well as academic degrees. Like the United Kingdom, the two polytechnics were granted university status in 1994, and renamed The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and the City University of Hong Kong respectively. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, a university with a focus in applied science, engineering and business, was founded in 1991."}], ["Terdapat empat institut teknologi di Indonesia yang dimiliki oleh pemerintah Indonesia. Selain itu, terdapat ratusan institusi lain yang dimiliki oleh swasta atau institusi lain. <> Berapa banyak teknologi awam milik kerajaan yang dimiliki oleh Indonesia? || empat", {"qas": [{"question": "How many government-owned public institutes of technology does Indonesia have?", "id": "56ddfdffcffd8e1900b4b55a", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are four public institutes of technology in Indonesia that owned by the government of Indonesia. Other than that, there are hundreds other institute that owned by private or other institutions."}], ["Dalam pendidikan tinggi, Politecnico merujuk kepada universiti teknikal yang menganugerahkan ijazah dalam bidang kejuruteraan. Dari segi sejarah terdapat dua Politecnici, satu di setiap dua bandar perindustrian terbesar di utara: <> Berapa istilah dalam pendidikan tinggi merujuk kepada universiti teknikal yang memberi gelar kejuruteraan? || Politecnico <> Secara tradisinya, berapa banyak Politecnici di sana? || dua", {"qas": [{"question": "What term in higher education refers to technical universities that award engineering degrees?", "id": "56de02714396321400ee2543", "answers": [{"text": "Politecnico", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Traditionally, how many Politecnici were there?", "id": "56de02714396321400ee2544", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In higher education, Politecnico refers to a technical university awarding degrees in engineering. Historically there were two Politecnici, one in each of the two largest industrial cities of the north:"}], ["Di Jepun, sebuah institut teknologi (\u5de5\u696d \u5927\u5b66, k\u014dgy\u014d daigaku?) Adalah sejenis universiti yang mengkhususkan diri dalam sains. Lihat juga Kolej Kejuruteraan Imperial, yang merupakan pelopor fakulti kejuruteraan Universiti Tokyo. <> Kolej apa yang menjadi peramal bagi fakulti kejuruteraan di University of Tokyo? || Kolej Kejuruteraan Imperial <> Bidang bidang disiplin yang mengkhususkan diri di institut teknologi Jepun? || sains", {"qas": [{"question": "What college was the forerunner for the engineering faculty at the University of Tokyo?", "id": "56de0948cffd8e1900b4b566", "answers": [{"text": "Imperial College of Engineering", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What area of discipline do Japan's institutes of technology specialize in?", "id": "56de0948cffd8e1900b4b567", "answers": [{"text": "sciences", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Japan, an institute of technology (\u5de5\u696d\u5927\u5b66, k\u014dgy\u014d daigaku?) is a type of university that specializes in the sciences. See also the Imperial College of Engineering, which was the forerunner of the University of Tokyo's engineering faculty."}], ["Pada tahun 2003, Kementerian Pendidikan, Universiti dan Penyelidikan dan Kementerian Ekonomi dan Kewangan bersama-sama mengasaskan Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (Institut Teknologi Itali), yang beribu pejabat di Genoa dengan 10 makmal di seluruh Itali, yang menumpu pada penyelidikan dan tidak menawarkan ijazah sarjana muda. <> Apa bandar bandar ibu pejabat Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia? || Genoa", {"qas": [{"question": "What city houses the headquarters of the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia?", "id": "56de03d2cffd8e1900b4b562", "answers": [{"text": "Genoa", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2003, the Ministry of Education, Universities and Research and the Ministry of Economy and Finance jointly established the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (Italian Institute of Technology), headquartered in Genoa with 10 laboratories around Italy, which however focuses on research and does not offer undergraduate degrees."}], ["Institut Teknologi Dublin dibangunkan secara berasingan daripada sistem Kolej Teknikal Serantau, dan selepas beberapa dekad bersekutu dengan University of Dublin, Trinity College ia memperoleh kuasa untuk memberikan ijazahnya sendiri. <> Apa teknologi institut Ireland yang berevolusi secara bebas daripada Sistem Kolej Teknikal Serantau? || Institut Teknologi Dublin", {"qas": [{"question": "What Irish institute of technology evolved independently of the Regional Technical College System?", "id": "56de00f74396321400ee253f", "answers": [{"text": "Dublin Institute of Technology", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Dublin Institute of Technology developed separately from the Regional Technical College system, and after several decades of association with the University of Dublin, Trinity College it acquired the authority to confer its own degrees."}], ["Walau bagaimanapun, dalam bahasa Indonesia, Politik memiliki makna yang berbeza daripada Institut Teknologi. Politeknik menyediakan pendidikan vokasional dan biasanya menawarkan ijazah Diploma tiga tahun, yang sama dengan ijazah bersekutu, bukannya ijazah sarjana empat tahun penuh dan ijazah Sarjana dan kedoktoran yang lebih maju yang ditawarkan oleh Institut Teknologi. <> Daripada ijazah Sarjana Muda selama empat tahun, Politeknik menawarkan diploma selepas berapa tahun? || tiga", {"qas": [{"question": "Rather than four-year Bachelor's degrees, Politeknik offer a diploma after how many years?", "id": "56ddfe9d4396321400ee2539", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "However, in Bahasa Indonesia, Politeknik carries a rather different meaning than Institut Teknologi. Politeknik provides vocational education and typically offers three-year Diploma degrees, which is similar to associate degrees, instead of full, four-year bachelor's degree and the more advanced Master's and doctoral degrees being offered by an Institut Teknologi."}], ["Terdapat 16 Institut Teknologi India yang autonomi di samping 30 Institut Teknologi Negara yang merupakan Institusi Kerajaan. Di samping itu terdapat banyak universiti lain yang menawarkan kursus teknikal yang lebih tinggi. Pihak Berkuasa atas pendidikan teknikal di India adalah AICTE. <> Berapa banyak teknologi swasta di India? || 16 <> Berapa banyak teknologi yang berkaitan dengan teknologi di India? || 30 <> Organisasi yang mengawasi institusi pendidikan teknikal India? || AICTE", {"qas": [{"question": "How many private institutes of technology are there in India?", "id": "56ddfc5f4396321400ee2529", "answers": [{"text": "16", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many government-affiliated institutes of technology are there in India?", "id": "56ddfc5f4396321400ee252a", "answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization oversees India's technical education institutions?", "id": "56ddfc5f4396321400ee252b", "answers": [{"text": "AICTE", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are 16 autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology in addition to 30 National Institutes of Technology which are Government Institutions. In addition to these there are many other Universities which offer higher technical courses. The Authority over technical education in India is the AICTE."}], ["Institut Teknologi pertama di dunia yang Berg-Schola (Bergschule) yang ditubuhkan di Selmecb\u00e1nya, Kerajaan Hungary oleh Dewan Mahkamah Vienna pada tahun 1735 memberikan pendidikan lanjut untuk melatih pakar-pakar perlombongan logam dan tembaga berharga. Pada tahun 1762 institut itu menduduki tempat menjadi Academia menyediakan kursus Pengajian Tinggi. Selepas Perjanjian Trianon institut terpaksa dipindahkan ke Sopron. <> Perlombongan jenis apakah teknologi institut pertama di dunia ini menyediakan pelajar? || tembaga <> Apa tahun penubuhan institut teknologi yang pertama pernah? || 1735 <> Siapa yang menubuhkan Berg-Schola? || Dewan Mahkamah Vienna", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of mining did the world's first institute of technology prepare students for?", "id": "56ddfb3dcffd8e1900b4b550", "answers": [{"text": "copper", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the founding year of the first institute of technology ever?", "id": "56ddfb3dcffd8e1900b4b551", "answers": [{"text": "1735", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who established the Berg-Schola?", "id": "56ddfb3dcffd8e1900b4b552", "answers": [{"text": "Court Chamber of Vienna", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The world's first Institute of Technology the Berg-Schola (Bergschule) established in Selmecb\u00e1nya, Kingdom of Hungary by the Court Chamber of Vienna in 1735 providing Further education to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining. In 1762 the institute ranked up to be Academia providing Higher Education courses. After the Treaty of Trianon the institute had to be moved to Sopron."}], ["Di India terdapat banyak institut politeknik dan kolaj yang menawarkan pendidikan politeknik. Di India Diploma Kejuruteraan adalah anugerah akademik tertentu yang biasanya dianugerahkan dalam kursus teknikal atau vokasional misalnya. Kejuruteraan, Farmasi, Reka Bentuk, dan sebagainya. Institusi-institusi ini menawarkan diploma tiga tahun dalam jurusan kejuruteraan. Institusi-institusi ini mempunyai gabungan dari pusat pendidikan teknikal negara masing-masing. selepas itu seseorang boleh memohon jawatan jurutera junior atau melanjutkan pengajian tinggi dengan muncul untuk peperiksaan AMIE untuk menjadi seorang graduan kejuruteraan. <> Apakah nama diploma yang dianugerahkan di India untuk kerja kursus teknikal atau vokasional? || Diploma Kejuruteraan", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the name of the diploma awarded in India for technical or vocational coursework?", "id": "56ddfd9d4396321400ee252f", "answers": [{"text": "Diploma in Engineering", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In India there are many polytechnic institutes and collages that offer a polytechnic education. In India a Diploma in Engineering is a specific academic award usually awarded in technical or vocational courses e.g. Engineering, Pharmacy, Designing, etc. These Institutions offer three year diploma in engineering post Tenth class. These institutes have affiliation from state bord of technical education of respective state governments. after which one can apply for post of junior engineer or continue higher studies by appearing for exams of AMIE to become an engineering graduate."}], ["Ireland mempunyai sistem \"Institut Teknologi\" yang dahulunya dirujuk sebagai sistem Teknikal Wilayah (RTC). Istilah \"IT\" dan \"IT\" kini banyak digunakan untuk menggambarkan Institut Teknologi. Institusi-institusi ini menawarkan kajian tahap ijazah, ijazah dan pascasiswazah. Tidak seperti sistem universiti Ireland, Institut Teknologi juga menawarkan program sub-sarjana seperti program Sijil Tinggi 2 tahun dalam pelbagai bidang pengajian akademik. Sesetengah institusi mempunyai \"kuasa yang diwakilkan\" yang membolehkan mereka membuat anugerah atas nama mereka sendiri, selepas mendapat kebenaran oleh Majlis Anugerah Pendidikan Tinggi & Latihan. <> Apakah nama asal sistem Institut Teknologi Ireland? || Kolej Teknikal Serantau", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the original name of Ireland's Institute of Technology system?", "id": "56de00884396321400ee253b", "answers": [{"text": "Regional Technical College", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Ireland has an \"Institute of Technology\" system, formerly referred to as Regional Technical College (RTCs) system. The terms \"IT\" and \"IT's\" are now widely used to describe an Institute(s) of Technology. These institutions offer sub-degree, degree and post-graduate level studies. Unlike the Irish university system an Institute of Technology also offers sub-degree programmes such as 2-year Higher Certificate programme in various academic fields of study. Some institutions have \"delegated authority\" that allows them to make awards in their own name, after authorisation by the Higher Education & Training Awards Council."}], ["Setelah berjaya menamatkan diploma di politeknik, pelajar dapat memperoleh kemasukan ke bidang kejuruteraan (di bawah program sarjana) yang dipanggil BE, yang dikendalikan oleh kolej kejuruteraan yang bergabung dengan universiti atau Universiti Kejuruteraan & Teknologi atau Universiti Sains Kejuruteraan. <> Apa singkatan dua huruf digunakan untuk kursus kejuruteraan sarjana muda? || BE", {"qas": [{"question": "What two-letter abbreviation is used for undergraduate engineering  courses?", "id": "56de16894396321400ee25c3", "answers": [{"text": "BE", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After successfully completing a diploma at a polytechnic, students can gain lateral entry to engineering degree (under graduate) courses called BE, which are conducted by engineering colleges affiliated to universities or University of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences."}], ["Politechnika (diterjemahkan sebagai \"universiti teknikal\" atau \"universiti teknologi\") adalah sejenis utama nama universiti teknikal di Poland. Terdapat beberapa Politeknik terbesar di Poland: <> Kata apa yang mereka gunakan di Poland untuk institut teknologi? || Politechnika", {"qas": [{"question": "What word do they use in Poland for an institute of technology?", "id": "56de1ac34396321400ee25cf", "answers": [{"text": "Politechnika", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Politechnika (translated as a \"technical university\" or \"university of technology\") is a main kind of technical university name in Poland. There are some biggest Polytechnic in Poland:"}], ["Universiti Teknologi Auckland adalah satu-satunya politeknik yang telah dinaikkan ke status universiti; manakala Unitec telah berulang kali cuba disekat oleh dasar kerajaan dan keputusan yang berbangkit; Unitec belum dapat meyakinkan mahkamah untuk membatalkan keputusan ini. <> Apa satu-satunya sekolah politeknik di New Zealand yang ditetapkan sebagai universiti? || Universiti Teknologi Auckland", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the only polytechnic school in New Zealand to be designated a university?", "id": "56de120b4396321400ee25b5", "answers": [{"text": "Auckland University of Technology", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Auckland University of Technology is the only polytechnic to have been elevated to university status; while Unitec has had repeated attempts blocked by government policy and consequent decisions; Unitec has not been able to convince the courts to overturn these decisions."}], ["Pada masa ini, Malaysia telah membangunkan 32 politeknik di seluruh negeri dalam bidang kejuruteraan, pertanian, perdagangan, hospitaliti dan reka bentuk dengan 60,840 pelajar pada tahun 2009 kepada 87,440 pelajar pada 2012. <> Berapa banyak institusi politeknik yang ada di Malaysia sekarang? || 32 <> Berapa banyak pelajar yang didaftarkan di sekolah-sekolah politeknik di Malaysia pada tahun 2009? || 60,840 <> Berapa banyak pelajar mendaftar di sekolah-sekolah politeknik di Malaysia pada tahun 2012? || 87,440", {"qas": [{"question": "How many polytechnic institutes does Malaysia have now?", "id": "56de0b054396321400ee256d", "answers": [{"text": "32", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many students were enrolled in polytechnic schools in Malaysia in 2009?", "id": "56de0b054396321400ee256e", "answers": [{"text": "60,840", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many students were enrolled in polytechnic schools in Malaysia in 2012?", "id": "56de0b054396321400ee256f", "answers": [{"text": "87,440", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At present, Malaysia have developed 32 polytechnic at all over states in engineering, agriculture, commerce, hospitality and design courses with 60,840 students in 2009 to 87,440 students in 2012."}], ["Institusi Politeknik di Pakistan, menawarkan diploma yang meliputi tiga tahun dalam pelbagai cabang. Pelajar dimasukkan ke program diploma berdasarkan hasil ujian peperiksaan lulus ke-10. Tujuan utama Institut Politeknik adalah untuk melatih orang dalam pelbagai jenis perdagangan. <> Di Pakistan, ujian pelajar dalam gred apa yang menentukan kemasukan mereka ke program diploma? || 10 <> Apa orang yang dilatih, terutamanya, di institusi politeknik Pakistan? || perdagangan <> Berapa tahun yang biasanya diperlukan untuk mendapatkan diploma dari sekolah-sekolah politeknik di Pakistan? || tiga", {"qas": [{"question": "In Pakistan, a student's tests in what grade determine their admission to a diploma program?", "id": "56de15cd4396321400ee25bd", "answers": [{"text": "10th", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are people being trained for, mainly, in Pakistan's polytechnic institutes?", "id": "56de15cd4396321400ee25be", "answers": [{"text": "trades", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many years does it usually take to earn a diploma from polytechnic schools in Pakistan?", "id": "56de15cd4396321400ee25bf", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Polytechnic institutes in Pakistan, offer a diploma spanning three years in different branches. Students are admitted to the diploma program based on their results in the 10th grade standardized exams. The main purpose of Polytechnic Institutes is to train people in various trades."}], ["Universiti Kejuruteraan & Teknologi atau Universiti Sains Kejuruteraan adalah universiti yang diiktiraf masing-masing yang memberi ijazah Sarjana Muda dan Sarjana dalam kajian sarjana dan siswazah. Ijazah Sarjana Muda Sains yang dianugerahkan oleh Universiti Kejuruteraan & Teknologi atau Universiti Sains Kejuruteraan adalah program sepenuh masa 4 tahun selepas menamatkan pengajian selama 13 tahun (sijil sekolah menengah antarabangsa) di Pakistan yang dikenali sebagai F.Sc bersamaan dengan sistem British A-Level . <> Apa program Pakistan dipanggil yang setanding dengan British A Level? || F.Sc", {"qas": [{"question": "What's Pakistan's program called that's comparable to the British A Level?", "id": "56de1a2a4396321400ee25cd", "answers": [{"text": "F.Sc", "answer_start": 454}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "University of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences are the recognized universities that grant Bachelor's and master's degrees in undergraduate and graduate studies respectively. The Bachelor of Science degree awarded by Universities of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences are 4 years full-time program after finishing 13 years of education (international high school certificate) in Pakistan known as F.Sc equivalent to British system A-Level."}], ["Politeknik di Malaysia telah dikendalikan selama hampir 44 tahun. Institusi ini menyediakan kursus untuk sarjana muda & Sarjana Muda Sains (BSc) (ditawarkan di Politeknik Perdana untuk pengambilan pengambilan & pengambilan bulan September 2013), Diploma Lanjutan, Diploma dan Sijil Kemahiran Khas. Ia ditubuhkan oleh Kementerian Pendidikan dengan bantuan UNESCO pada tahun 1969. Jumlah RM24.5 juta digunakan untuk membiayai perintis Politeknik Ungku Omar yang terletak di Ipoh, Perak dari Program Pembangunan Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu (UNDP). <> Negara mana yang telah mengendalikan institusi politeknik selama hampir 44 tahun? || Malaysia <> Apa organisasi antarabangsa yang bekerjasama dengan Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia pada tahun 1969? || UNESCO <> Di mana kota di negeri Perak adalah Politeknik Ungku Omar yang terletak? || Ipoh", {"qas": [{"question": "What country has operated polytechnic institutes for nearly 44 years?", "id": "56de0a94cffd8e1900b4b56a", "answers": [{"text": "Malaysia", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What international organization partnered with Malaysia's Ministry of Education in 1969?", "id": "56de0a94cffd8e1900b4b56b", "answers": [{"text": "UNESCO", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city in the state of Perak is the Politeknik Ungku Omar located?", "id": "56de0a94cffd8e1900b4b56c", "answers": [{"text": "Ipoh", "answer_start": 452}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Polytechnics in Malaysia has been operated for almost 44 years. The institutions provide courses for bachelor's degree & Bachelor of Science (BSc) (offer at Premier Polytechnics for September 2013 intake & 2014 intake), Advanced Diploma, Diploma and Special Skills Certificate. It was established by the Ministry of Education with the help of UNESCO in 1969. The amount of RM24.5 million is used to fund the pioneer of Politeknik Ungku Omar located in Ipoh, Perak from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP)."}], ["Satu-satunya universiti teknikal di Mauritius ialah Universiti Teknologi, Mauritius dengan kampus utamanya terletak di La Tour Koenig, Pointe aux Sables. Ia mempunyai misi khusus dengan tumpuan teknologi. Ia menggunakan pendekatan tradisional dan melampaui tradisi pengajaran, latihan, penyelidikan dan perundingan. Universiti ini telah diasaskan dengan tujuan untuk memainkan peranan utama dalam pembangunan ekonomi dan sosial Mauritius melalui pembangunan program hubungan langsung dengan keperluan negara, contohnya dalam bidang seperti teknologi, sains pembangunan mapan dan dasar sektor awam dan pengurusan. <> Apa nama universiti tunggal tunggal Mauritius? || University of Technology, Mauritius <> Apa tumpuan misi khusus University of Technology Mauritius? || teknologi", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the name of Mauritius's sole technical university?", "id": "56de0c0dcffd8e1900b4b57a", "answers": [{"text": "University of Technology, Mauritius", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the focus of Mauritius's University of Technology's specialized mission?", "id": "56de0c0dcffd8e1900b4b57b", "answers": [{"text": "technology", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The only technical university in Mauritius is the University of Technology, Mauritius with its main campus situated in La Tour Koenig, Pointe aux Sables. It has a specialized mission with a technology focus. It applies traditional and beyond traditional approaches to teaching, training, research and consultancy. The university has been founded with the aim to play a key role in the economic and social development of Mauritius through the development of programmes of direct relevance to the country\u2019s needs, for example in areas like technology, sustainable development science, and public sector policy and management."}], ["Politeknik New Zealand ditubuhkan di bawah Akta Pendidikan 1989 seperti yang dipinda, dan dianggap sebagai institusi pengajian tinggi milik negara bersama dengan universiti, kolej pendidikan, dan w\u0101nanga; hari ini terdapat banyak crossover dalam kursus dan kelayakan yang ditawarkan di antara semua jenis Institusi Pendidikan Tersier ini. Sesetengah telah secara rasmi mengambil tajuk 'institute of technology' yang merupakan istilah yang diiktiraf dalam strategi kerajaan yang sama dengan istilah 'politeknik'. Satu telah memilih nama 'Universal College of Learning' (UCOL), dan satu lagi 'Unitec New Zealand'. Ini adalah nama undang-undang tetapi tidak dikenali istilah seperti 'politeknik' atau 'institut teknologi'. Ramai jika tidak semua kini memberi sekurang-kurangnya sarjana peringkat sarjana. <> Apa negara mempertimbangkan politeknik, universiti, dan kolej mereka institusi-institusi negara? || New Zealand <> Apa yang berlaku untuk UCOL? || Universal College of Learning <> Pada tahun apakah Akta Pendidikan yang asalnya diluluskan di New Zealand? || 1989", {"qas": [{"question": "What country considers their polytechnics, universities, and colleges state-owned institutions?", "id": "56de0d34cffd8e1900b4b588", "answers": [{"text": "New Zealand", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does UCOL stand for?", "id": "56de0d34cffd8e1900b4b589", "answers": [{"text": "Universal College of Learning", "answer_start": 514}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the Education Act originally passed in New Zealand?", "id": "56de0d34cffd8e1900b4b58a", "answers": [{"text": "1989", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New Zealand polytechnics are established under the Education Act 1989 as amended, and are considered state-owned tertiary institutions along with universities, colleges of education, and w\u0101nanga; there is today often much crossover in courses and qualifications offered between all these types of Tertiary Education Institutions. Some have officially taken the title 'institute of technology' which is a term recognized in government strategies equal to that of the term 'polytechnic'. One has opted for the name 'Universal College of Learning' (UCOL), and another 'Unitec New Zealand'. These are legal names but not recognized terms like 'polytechnic' or 'institute of technology'. Many if not all now grant at least bachelor-level degrees."}], ["Sejak tahun 1990-an, terdapat penyatuan dalam sistem pendidikan tertiari milik negara New Zealand. Dalam sektor politeknik: Politeknik Wellington digabungkan dengan Universiti Massey. Institut Teknologi Sentral menjelajah penggabungan dengan Institut Teknologi Waikato, yang ditinggalkan, tetapi kemudian, selepas kebimbangan kewangan, kontroversi disatukan dengan Politeknik Valley Hutt, yang kemudiannya menjadi Institut Teknologi Wellington. Beberapa politeknik kecil di Pulau Utara, seperti Politeknik Waiarapa, digabungkan dengan UCOL. (Satu-satunya penggabungan yang lain adalah di kolej pendidikan.) <> Sekolah apa yang dilakukan Massey University dengan? || Politeknik Wellington <> Dalam berapa dekad institusi pendidikan tinggi New Zealand mula menyatukan? || 1990-an <> Sekolah apa yang dianggap sebagai penggabungan dengan Institut Teknologi Waikato yang kemudian ditinggalkan? || Institut Teknologi Sentral <> Pulau apakah Politeknik Waiarapa yang terletak pada sebelum ia digabungkan dengan UCOL? || Pulau Utara", {"qas": [{"question": "What school did Massey University combine with?", "id": "56de11834396321400ee25ad", "answers": [{"text": "Wellington Polytechnic", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what decade did New Zealand's tertiary education institutions begin consolidation?", "id": "56de11834396321400ee25ae", "answers": [{"text": "1990s", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What school considered a merger with Waikato Institute of Technology that was later abandoned?", "id": "56de11834396321400ee25af", "answers": [{"text": "Central Institute of Technology", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What island was Waiarapa Polytechnic located on before it merged with UCOL?", "id": "56de11834396321400ee25b0", "answers": [{"text": "North Island", "answer_start": 490}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Since the 1990s, there has been consolidation in New Zealand's state-owned tertiary education system. In the polytechnic sector: Wellington Polytechnic amalgamated with Massey University. The Central Institute of Technology explored a merger with the Waikato Institute of Technology, which was abandoned, but later, after financial concerns, controversially amalgamated with Hutt Valley Polytechnic, which in turn became Wellington Institute of Technology. Some smaller polytechnics in the North Island, such as Waiarapa Polytechnic, amalgamated with UCOL. (The only other amalgamations have been in the colleges of education.)"}], ["Politeknik menawarkan kursus diploma tiga tahun dalam bidang seperti teknologi maklumat, subjek kejuruteraan dan bidang kejuruan lain, seperti psikologi dan kejururawatan. Terdapat 5 politeknik di Singapura. Mereka adalah: <> Berapa banyak politeknik di Singapura? || 5 <> Berapa tahun pengajian yang diperlukan untuk mendapatkan ijazah dari politeknik di Singapura? || tiga", {"qas": [{"question": "How many polytechnics are there in Singapore?", "id": "56de4b924396321400ee279d", "answers": [{"text": "5", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many years of study would it take to obtain a degree from a polytechnic in Singapore?", "id": "56de4b924396321400ee279e", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Polytechnics offer three-year diploma courses in fields such as information technology, engineering subjects and other vocational fields, like psychology and nursing. There are 5 polytechnics in Singapore. They are namely:"}], ["Bermula pada tahun 2004 bekas Technikons sama ada telah digabungkan dengan Universiti-universiti tradisional untuk membentuk Universiti-universiti Komprehensif atau telah menjadi Universiti Teknologi, walau bagaimanapun Universiti Teknologi tidak perlu mengenal pasti semua hak dan keistimewaan tradisional Universiti (seperti kemampuan untuk memberi pelbagai darjah). <> Bilakah Technikons mula diintegrasikan dengan universiti-universiti tradisional Afrika Selatan? || 2004", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Technikons start being integrated with traditional South African universities?", "id": "56de50decffd8e1900b4b7fb", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beginning in 2004 former Technikons have either been merged with traditional Universities to form Comprehensive Universities or have become Universities of Technology, however the Universities of Technology have not to date acquired all of the traditional rights and privileges of a University (such as the ability to confer a wide range of degrees)."}], ["Afrika Selatan telah menyelesaikan proses mengubah \"landskap pendidikan yang lebih tinggi\". Dari segi sejarah, satu bahagian telah wujud di Afrika Selatan antara Universiti dan Technikons (politeknik) dan juga antara institusi-institusi yang berkhidmat untuk golongan tertentu dan kumpulan bahasa. Pada tahun 1993 Technikons telah diberikan kuasa untuk memberi darjah teknologi tertentu. <> Apa politeknik yang dipanggil di Afrika Selatan? || Technikons <> Tahun berapa Technikons mendapat keupayaan untuk memberi darjah teknologi? || 1993", {"qas": [{"question": "What are polytechnics called in South Africa?", "id": "56de4fd14396321400ee27d7", "answers": [{"text": "Technikons", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Technikons gain the ability to give out technology degrees?", "id": "56de4fd14396321400ee27d8", "answers": [{"text": "1993", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "South Africa has completed a process of transforming its \"higher education landscape\". Historically a division has existed in South Africa between Universities and Technikons (polytechnics) as well between institutions servicing particular racial and language groupings. In 1993 Technikons were afforded the power to award certain technology degrees."}], ["Terdapat dua bekas institut teknologi, yang telah mengubah nama mereka menjadi \"Universiti Teknologi\": Universiti Teknologi Rajamangala (dahulunya Institut Teknologi dan Pendidikan Vokasional) dan Universiti Teknologi King Mongkut Thonburi (Institut Teknologi Thonburi). <> Apa Institut Teknologi Thonburi menjadi selepas perubahan namanya? || Universiti Teknologi King Mongkut Thonburi <> Apakah nama Universiti Rajamangala sebelumnya? || Institut Teknologi dan Pendidikan Vokasional", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the Thonburi Technology Institute become after its name change?", "id": "56de52a24396321400ee2803", "answers": [{"text": "King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the previous name of Rajamangala University of Technology?", "id": "56de52a24396321400ee2804", "answers": [{"text": "Institute of Technology and Vocational Education", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are two former institutes of technology, which already changed their name to \"University of Technology\": Rajamangala University of Technology (formerly Institute of Technology and Vocational Education) and King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Thonburi Technology Institute)."}], ["Kebanyakan institut teknologi Thailand telah dibangunkan dari kolej-kolej teknikal, pada masa lalu tidak dapat memberikan ijazah sarjana muda; Walau bagaimanapun, hari ini, mereka adalah institusi peringkat universiti, beberapa di antaranya boleh memberi ijazah ke peringkat kedoktoran. Contohnya ialah Institut Teknologi Pathumwan (yang dibangun dari Sekolah Teknikal Pathumwan), Institut Teknologi King Mongkut (Pusat Latihan Telekomunikasi Nondhaburi), dan Institut Teknologi King Mongkut Utara Bangkok (Sekolah Teknik Thai-Jerman). <> Kebanyakan institut teknologi di Thailand dilahirkan daripada apa jenis institusi lain? || Kolej teknikal <> Jenis ijazah mana yang mana kolej teknikal Thailand tidak dibenarkan untuk memberi? || gelaran sarjana <> Apa nama baru Sekolah Teknik Pathumwan? || Institut Teknologi Pathumwan", {"qas": [{"question": "Most institutes of technology in Thailand were born out of what other type of institutions?", "id": "56de523ccffd8e1900b4b808", "answers": [{"text": "technical colleges", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of degree were Thailand's technical colleges historically not allowed to confer?", "id": "56de523ccffd8e1900b4b809", "answers": [{"text": "bachelor's degrees", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the new name of Pathumwan Technical School?", "id": "56de523ccffd8e1900b4b80a", "answers": [{"text": "Pathumwan Institute of Technology", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Most of Thailand's institutes of technology were developed from technical colleges, in the past could not grant bachelor's degrees; today, however, they are university level institutions, some of which can grant degrees to the doctoral level. Examples are Pathumwan Institute of Technology (developed from Pathumwan Technical School), King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (Nondhaburi Telecommunications Training Centre), and King Mongkut's Institute of Technology North Bangkok (Thai-German Technical School)."}], ["Di Turki dan Empayar Uthmaniyyah, universiti teknikal tertua adalah Istanbul Technical University. Graduannya menyumbang kepada pelbagai aktiviti dalam penyelidikan dan pembangunan saintifik. Pada tahun 1950-an, 2 universiti teknikal dibuka di Ankara dan Trabzon. Dalam tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini, Yildiz University disusun semula sebagai Yildiz Technical University dan 2 institut teknologi ditubuhkan di Kocaeli dan Izmir. Pada tahun 2010, satu lagi universiti teknikal bernama Bursa Technical University diasaskan di Bursa. Selain itu, universiti teknikal keenam akan dibuka di Konya yang dinamakan Konya Technical University. <> Apa teknologi teknologi dibuka di Bursa pada tahun 2010? || Universiti Teknikal Bursa <> Apabila Universiti Teknikal Konya dibuka, berapa banyak teknologi teknologi yang akan berlaku di Turki dan Empayar Uthmaniyyah? || enam <> Apa dua bandar di Turki memperoleh institut teknologi pada tahun 1950-an? || Ankara dan Trabzon", {"qas": [{"question": "What institute of technology opened in Bursa in 2010?", "id": "56de57394396321400ee282f", "answers": [{"text": "Bursa Technical University", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When Konya Technical University opens, how many total institutes of technology will there be in Turkey and the Ottoman Empire?", "id": "56de57394396321400ee2830", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 520}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two cities in Turkey acquired institutes of technology in the 1950s?", "id": "56de57394396321400ee2831", "answers": [{"text": "Ankara and Trabzon", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Turkey and the Ottoman Empire, the oldest technical university is Istanbul Technical University. Its graduates contributed to a wide variety of activities in scientific research and development. In 1950s, 2 technical universities were opened in Ankara and Trabzon. In recent years, Yildiz University is reorganized as Yildiz Technical University and 2 institutes of technology were founded in Kocaeli and Izmir. In 2010, another technical university named Bursa Technical University was founded in Bursa. Moreover, a sixth technical university is about to be opened in Konya named Konya Technical University."}], ["Penamaan \"Institut Teknologi\" tidak digunakan sama sekali, tidak bermakna di Portugal. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat institusi pendidikan pendidikan tinggi di Portugal sejak tahun 1980-an, yang dipanggil politeknik. Selepas tahun 1998, mereka dinaik taraf kepada institusi yang dibenarkan untuk memberi ijazah sarjana muda (lesen Portugis). Sebelum itu, mereka hanya menganugerahkan ijazah pendek kitaran yang dikenali sebagai bacharelatos dan tidak memberikan pendidikan lanjut. Selepas Proses Bologna pada tahun 2007, mereka telah dibenarkan untuk menawarkan ijazah ke peringkat kedua (master) kepada para pelajarnya. Sistem pendidikan tinggi politeknik menyediakan latihan yang lebih praktikal dan berorientasikan profesi, sementara sistem pendidikan tinggi universiti mempunyai asas teoritis yang kuat dan berorientasikan penyelidikan yang tinggi. <> Apakah perkataan Portugis untuk gelaran pendek kitaran yang diberikan sebelum tahun 1988? || bacharelatos <> Proses apa yang dimulakan pada tahun 2007 yang membawa ijazah Sarjana ke sistem pendidikan politeknik? || Proses Bologna", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Portuguese word for the short-cycle degrees awarded prior to 1988?", "id": "56de49904396321400ee2780", "answers": [{"text": "bacharelatos", "answer_start": 412}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What process was instituted in 2007 that brought Master's degrees to the polytechnic education system?", "id": "56de49904396321400ee2781", "answers": [{"text": "Bologna Process", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The designation \"Institute of Technology\" is not applied at all, being meaningless in Portugal. However, there are higher education educational institutions in Portugal since the 1980s, which are called polytechnics. After 1998 they were upgraded to institutions which are allowed to confer bachelor's degrees (the Portuguese licenciatura). Before then, they only awarded short-cycle degrees which were known as bacharelatos and did not provide further education. After the Bologna Process in 2007, they have been allowed to offer 2nd cycle (master's) degrees to its students. The polytechnical higher education system provides a more practical training and is profession-oriented, while the university higher education system has a strong theoretical basis and is highly research-oriented."}], ["Institusi teknologi atau teknikal yang pertama di dunia dengan pendidikan teknikal tersier adalah Bansk\u00e1 Akad\u00e9mia di Bansk\u00e1 \u0160tiavnica, Slovakia, yang ditubuhkan pada 1735, Akademi sejak 13 Disember 1762 yang ditubuhkan oleh ratu Maria Theresa untuk melatih pakar perlombongan perak dan emas dan metalurgi dalam kejiranan. Pengajaran bermula pada tahun 1764. Kemudian jabatan Matematik, Mekanik dan Hidraulik dan jabatan Perhutanan telah diselesaikan. Bangunan universiti masih berada di tempat mereka hari ini dan digunakan untuk mengajar. Universiti telah melancarkan buku elektonik pertama di dunia. <> Apa ratu menubuhkan Bansk\u00e1 Akad\u00e9mia? || ratu Maria Theresa <> Tahun apa Bansk\u00e1 Akad\u00e9mia didirikan? || 1735 <> Bansk\u00e1 Akad\u00e9mia pada mulanya ditujukan untuk pekerja latihan dalam apa yang dua logam berharga? || perak dan emas <> tahun berapa pengajaran bermula di Bansk\u00e1 Akad\u00e9mia? || 1764 <> Apa bangunan universiti yang masih berdiri di Bansk\u00e1 Akad\u00e9mia yang digunakan sekarang? || mengajar", {"qas": [{"question": "What queen set up the Bansk\u00e1 Akad\u00e9mia?", "id": "56de4d9ecffd8e1900b4b7e1", "answers": [{"text": "queen Maria Theresa", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the Bansk\u00e1 Akad\u00e9mia founded?", "id": "56de4d9ecffd8e1900b4b7e2", "answers": [{"text": "1735", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Bansk\u00e1 Akad\u00e9mia was originally intended for training workers in what two precious metals?", "id": "56de4d9ecffd8e1900b4b7e3", "answers": [{"text": "silver and gold", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did teaching start at the Bansk\u00e1 Akad\u00e9mia?", "id": "56de4d9ecffd8e1900b4b7e4", "answers": [{"text": "1764", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the university buildings still standing at the Bansk\u00e1 Akad\u00e9mia used for now?", "id": "56de4d9ecffd8e1900b4b7e5", "answers": [{"text": "teaching", "answer_start": 527}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The world's first institution of technology or technical university with tertiary technical education is the Bansk\u00e1 Akad\u00e9mia in Bansk\u00e1 \u0160tiavnica, Slovakia, founded in 1735, Academy since December 13, 1762 established by queen Maria Theresa in order to train specialists of silver and gold mining and metallurgy in neighbourhood. Teaching started in 1764. Later the department of Mathematics, Mechanics and Hydraulics and department of Forestry were settled. University buildings are still at their place today and are used for teaching. University has launched the first book of electrotechnics in the world."}], ["Institut teknologi dengan asal-usul yang berbeza adalah Institut Teknologi Asia, yang dibangunkan dari Sekolah Kejuruteraan Siswazah SEATO, dan Institut Teknologi Sirindhorn Antarabangsa, sebuah sekolah kejuruteraan Universiti Thammasat. Universiti Teknologi Suranaree adalah satu-satunya universiti teknologi milik kerajaan di Thailand yang ditubuhkan (1989); manakala Mahanakorn University of Technology adalah institut teknologi swasta yang paling terkenal. Kolej Teknologi / Teknikal di Thailand dikaitkan dengan persaingan pahit yang meletusnya pergaduhan di kampus yang kerap dan pembunuhan pelajar di lokasi awam yang telah berlangsung selama hampir satu dekad, dengan penonton yang tidak bersalah juga lazimnya di kalangan cedera dan tentera di bawah undang-undang tentera masih tidak dapat menghalang mereka daripada berlaku. <> Apakah nama sekolah kejuruteraan Thammasat University? || Teknologi Institut Antarabangsa Sirindhorn <> Apakah teknologi kerajaan yang ditubuhkan dan dimiliki oleh kerajaan Thailand? || Suranaree University of Technology <> Tahun apa Suranaree University of Technology diasaskan? || 1989 <> Apa nama institut teknologi swasta yang terkenal di Thailand? || Universiti Teknologi Mahanakorn", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of Thammasat University's engineering school?", "id": "56de55694396321400ee2815", "answers": [{"text": "Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Thailand's only government-established and owned institute of technology?", "id": "56de55694396321400ee2816", "answers": [{"text": "Suranaree University of Technology", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Suranaree University of Technology founded?", "id": "56de55694396321400ee2817", "answers": [{"text": "1989", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the best-known private institute of technology in Thailand?", "id": "56de55694396321400ee2818", "answers": [{"text": "Mahanakorn University of Technology", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Institutes of technology with different origins are Asian Institute of Technology, which developed from SEATO Graduate School of Engineering, and Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, an engineering school of Thammasat University. Suranaree University of Technology is the only government-owned technological university in Thailand that was established (1989) as such; while Mahanakorn University of Technology is the most well known private technological institute. Technology/Technical colleges in Thailand is associated with bitter rivalries which erupts into frequent off-campus brawls and assassinations of students in public locations that has been going on for nearly a decade, with innocent bystanders also commonly among the injured and the military under martial law still unable to stop them from occurring."}], ["Politeknik di Singapura menyediakan pendidikan berorientasikan industri bersamaan dengan kolej junior atau kolej kolej keenam di UK. Singapura mengekalkan sistem yang serupa tetapi tidak sama seperti di United Kingdom dari 1970-1992, membezakan antara politeknik dan universiti. Tidak seperti Politeknik British (United Kingdom) sistem Politeknik Singapura tidak menawarkan bujang, sarjana atau PhD. Di bawah sistem ini, kebanyakan pelajar Singapura menduduki peperiksaan O-Level mereka selepas empat atau lima tahun pendidikan di sekolah menengah dan memohon tempat sama ada sekolah teknikal yang dinamakan ITE, politeknik atau sekolah persediaan universiti (junior kolej atau Institut Millennia, sebuah institut berpusat). Graduan politeknik boleh diberikan kredit pemindahan apabila mereka memohon kepada universiti tempatan dan luar negara, bergantung kepada prestasi keseluruhan dalam gred mereka, serta dasar universiti mengenai kredit pemindahan. Beberapa sekolah menengah kini menawarkan program enam tahun yang membawa langsung ke pintu masuk universiti. <> Apakah nama institut berpusat Singapura yang pelajar boleh menghadiri sebelum universiti? || Institut Millennia", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the name of Singapore's centralized institute that students can attend before university?", "id": "56de4affcffd8e1900b4b7c2", "answers": [{"text": "Millennia Institute", "answer_start": 678}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Polytechnics in Singapore provides industry oriented education equivalent to a junior college or sixth form college in the UK. Singapore retains a system similar but not the same as in the United Kingdom from 1970\u20131992, distinguishing between polytechnics and universities. Unlike the British Polytechnic (United Kingdom) system Singapore Polytechnics do not offer bachelors, masters or PhD degrees. Under this system, most Singaporean students sit for their O-Level examinations after a four or five years of education in secondary school, and apply for a place at either a technical school termed ITE, a polytechnic or a university-preparatory school (a junior college or the Millennia Institute, a centralized institute). Polytechnic graduates may be granted transfer credits when they apply to local and overseas universities, depending on the overall performance in their grades, as well as the university's policies on transfer credits. A few secondary schools are now offering six-year program which leads directly to university entrance."}], ["Institut teknologi di Venezuela telah dibangunkan pada tahun 1950-an sebagai pilihan untuk pendidikan pasca menengah dalam kursus teknikal dan saintifik, selepas konsep politeknik Perancis. Pada masa itu, pendidikan teknikal dianggap penting untuk pembangunan ekonomi kelas menengah yang kukuh. <> Apa jenis ekonomi pendidikan teknikal di Venezuela yang dimaksudkan untuk menyokong? || kelas menengah <> Bilakah Venezuela mula mencipta institut teknologi? || 1950-an", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of economy was technical education in Venezuela intended to support?", "id": "56de5ef44396321400ee2861", "answers": [{"text": "middle class", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Venezuela begin to create institutes of technology?", "id": "56de5ef44396321400ee2862", "answers": [{"text": "1950s", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Institutes of technology in Venezuela were developed in the 1950s as an option for post-secondary education in technical and scientific courses, after the polytechnic French concepts. At that time, technical education was considered essential for the development of a sound middle class economy."}], ["Politeknik diberikan status universiti di bawah Akta Pendidikan Tinggi dan Pengajian Tinggi 1992. Ini bermakna Politeknik boleh memberi gelaran tanpa pengawasan organisasi CNAA kebangsaan. Institusi-institusi ini kadang-kadang disebut sebagai universiti post-1992. <> Apa tindakan yang membenarkan sekolah-sekolah politeknik menjadi universiti? || Akta Pendidikan Tinggi dan Tinggi 1992 <> Akta Pendidikan Tinggi dan Tinggi 1992 membolehkan politeknik menganugerahkan ijazah tanpa kelulusan organisasi? || CNAA", {"qas": [{"question": "What act allowed polytechnic schools to become universities?", "id": "56de5c204396321400ee2853", "answers": [{"text": "the Further and Higher Education Act 1992", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Further and Higher Education Act 1992 allows polytechnics to award degrees without what organization's approval?", "id": "56de5c204396321400ee2854", "answers": [{"text": "CNAA", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Polytechnics were granted university status under the Further and Higher Education Act 1992. This meant that Polytechnics could confer degrees without the oversight of the national CNAA organization. These institutions are sometimes referred to as post-1992 universities."}], ["Sekolah-sekolah yang disebut \"institut teknikal\" atau \"sekolah teknikal\" yang dibentuk pada awal abad ke-20 memberikan pendidikan lanjut antara sekolah menengah dan universiti atau politeknik. Kebanyakan institusi teknikal telah digabungkan ke dalam kolej-kolej serantau dan beberapa telah ditetapkan kolej universiti jika mereka dikaitkan dengan universiti tempatan. <> Jika institut teknikal bergabung dengan universiti tempatan, apa yang menjadi gelarannya? || kolej universiti <> Berapa abad yang membawa kemunculan sekolah teknik atau institut teknikal? || Abad ke-20 <> Seorang pelajar akan menghadiri institut teknikal sebelum universiti atau politeknik tetapi selepas apa? || sekolah Menengah", {"qas": [{"question": "If a technical institute is affiliated with a local university, what does its designation become?", "id": "56de5d2a4396321400ee2857", "answers": [{"text": "university colleges", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What century brought the advent of technical schools or technical institutes?", "id": "56de5d2a4396321400ee2858", "answers": [{"text": "20th century", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A student would attend a technical institute before a university or polytechnic but after what?", "id": "56de5d2a4396321400ee2859", "answers": [{"text": "high school", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schools called \"technical institute\" or \"technical school\" that were formed in the early 20th century provided further education between high school and University or Polytechnic. Most technical institutes have been merged into regional colleges and some have been designated university colleges if they are associated with a local university."}], ["Institut Politeknik adalah universiti-universiti teknologi, banyak yang bermula pada pertengahan abad ke-19. Sejumlah universiti Elite Amerika yang terkenal di dunia termasuk frasa \"Institut Teknologi\", \"Institut Politeknik\", \"Politeknik Universiti\", atau ungkapan serupa dalam nama mereka; ini adalah umumnya universiti intensif penyelidikan dengan tumpuan kepada kejuruteraan, sains dan teknologi. Institusi Politeknik Rensselaer (RPI, 1824), Universiti New York Tandon of Engineering (1854) dan Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT, 1861) masing-masing. Sebaliknya, sekolah-sekolah yang digelar \"kolej teknikal\" atau \"institut teknikal\" umumnya menyediakan latihan pasca menengah dalam bidang teknikal dan mekanikal, yang memberi tumpuan kepada latihan kemahiran vokasional terutama di peringkat kolej komuniti-selari dan kadangkala setara dengan dua tahun pertama di gelar sarjana muda - institusi pengambilan. <> Dalam tahun apakah Institut Politeknik Rensselaer ditubuhkan? || 1824 <Yang mana di antara tiga universiti teknologi terawal ditubuhkan paling baru, pada tahun 1861? || Institut Teknologi Massachusetts", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute founded?", "id": "56de5e5b4396321400ee285d", "answers": [{"text": "1824", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of the three earliest technological universities was founded most recently, in 1861?", "id": "56de5e5b4396321400ee285e", "answers": [{"text": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "answer_start": 572}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Polytechnic Institutes are technological universities, many dating back to the mid-19th century. A handful of world-renowned Elite American universities include the phrases \"Institute of Technology\", \"Polytechnic Institute\", \"Polytechnic University\", or similar phrasing in their names; these are generally research-intensive universities with a focus on engineering, science and technology. The earliest and most famous of these institutions are, respectively, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI, 1824), New York University Tandon School of Engineering (1854) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT, 1861). Conversely, schools dubbed \"technical colleges\" or \"technical institutes\" generally provide post-secondary training in technical and mechanical fields, focusing on training vocational skills primarily at a community college level\u2014parallel and sometimes equivalent to the first two years at a bachelor's degree-granting institution."}], ["Kebanyakan institusi ini memperolehi diploma selepas tiga atau tiga setengah tahun pendidikan. Institut pelaksanaan teknologi (IUT dari Instituto universitario de tecnologia pada Bahasa Sepanyol) bermula dengan penciptaan IUT pertama di Caracas, ibukota Venezuela, yang dipanggil IUT. Dr. Federico Rivero Palacio mengadopsi sistem Perancis \"Institut Universitaire de Technologie\", menggunakan sistem personel dan sistem pengajian Perancis berdasarkan tempoh tiga tahun, dengan kemudahan penyelidikan dan kejuruteraan di peringkat yang sama dengan universiti-universiti utama utama untuk mendapatkan ijazah setara Perancis. IUT ini adalah yang pertama dan satu-satunya di Venezuela yang mempunyai ijazah bersamaan Perancis yang diterima, melaksanakan sistem ini dan memerhatikan darjah tahap tinggi beberapa IUT lain yang dicipta di Venezuela, tanpa menghiraukan istilah IUT ini tidak digunakan dengan sewajarnya yang mengakibatkan beberapa institusi yang biasa-biasa saja kualiti dan tiada ijazah setara di Perancis. Kemudian, beberapa institusi swasta muncul menggunakan IUT dalam nama mereka, tetapi mereka tidak dikawal oleh sistem asal Perancis dan menganugerahkan darjah kualiti yang lebih rendah. <> Apa bandar di Venezuela mempunyai IUT yang pertama? || Caracas <> Siapa yang mempelopori menggunakan sistem pendidikan teknologi Perancis? || Dr. Federico Rivero Palacio", {"qas": [{"question": "What city in Venezuela had the first IUT?", "id": "56de5fbccffd8e1900b4b834", "answers": [{"text": "Caracas", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who pioneered using the French system of technological education?", "id": "56de5fbccffd8e1900b4b835", "answers": [{"text": "Dr. Federico Rivero Palacio", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Most of these institutes award diplomas after three or three and a half years of education. The Institute of technology implementation (IUT from Instituto universitario de tecnologia on Spanish) began with the creation of the first IUT at Caracas, capital city of Venezuela, called IUT. Dr. Federico Rivero Palacio adopted the French \"Institut Universitaire de Technologie\"s system, using French personnel and study system based on three-year periods, with research and engineering facilities at the same level as the main national universities to obtain French equivalent degrees. This IUT is the first and only one in Venezuela having French equivalent degrees accepted, implementing this system and observing the high-level degrees some other IUT's were created in Venezuela, regardless of this the term IUT was not used appropriately resulting in some institutions with mediocre quality and no equivalent degree in France. Later, some private institutions sprang up using IUT in their names, but they are not regulated by the original French system and award lower quality degrees."}], ["Pada tahun 1956, beberapa kolej teknologi telah menerima gelaran College of Advanced Technology. Mereka menjadi universiti pada tahun 1960-an yang bermaksud mereka boleh menganugerahkan gelar mereka sendiri. Jawatan \"Institut Teknologi\" kadang-kadang digunakan oleh politeknik (Bolton), Institut Pusat (Dundee, Robert Gordon), dan universiti pascasarjana, (Cranfield dan Wessex), yang kebanyakannya kemudian mengadaptasi Universiti, dan terdapat dua \" Sains dan Teknologi \": UMIST dan UWIST, sebahagian daripada Universiti Wales. Universiti Loughborough dipanggil Loughborough University of Technology dari 1966 hingga 1996, satu-satunya institusi di UK mempunyai sebutan seperti itu. <> Berapa banyak Institut Sains dan Teknologi yang bergabung dengan Universiti Wales? || dua <> Apa nama Universiti Loughborough dikenali dari tahun 1966 hingga 1996? || Loughborough University of Technology <> Dalam sedekad apakah kolej teknologi memperoleh gelar Universiti? || 1960-an", {"qas": [{"question": "How many Institutes of Science and Technology were affiliated with the University of Wales?", "id": "56de5ba04396321400ee284d", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 440}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name Loughborough University was known by from 1966 to 1996?", "id": "56de5ba04396321400ee284e", "answers": [{"text": "Loughborough University of Technology", "answer_start": 569}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what decade did colleges of technology gain the University designation?", "id": "56de5ba04396321400ee284f", "answers": [{"text": "1960s", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1956, some colleges of technology received the designation College of Advanced Technology. They became universities in the 1960s meaning they could award their own degrees. The designation \"Institute of Technology\" was occasionally used by polytechnics (Bolton), Central Institutions (Dundee, Robert Gordon's), and postgraduate universities, (Cranfield and Wessex), most of which later adopted the designation University, and there were two \"Institutes of Science and Technology\": UMIST and UWIST, part of the University of Wales. Loughborough University was called Loughborough University of Technology from 1966 to 1996, the only institution in the UK to have had such a designation."}], ["Politeknik adalah institusi pengajaran pendidikan tinggi di England, Wales dan Ireland Utara. Sejak tahun 1970 Politeknik UK beroperasi di bawah sistem pendidikan binari bersama universiti. Politeknik ditawarkan diploma dan ijazah (sarjana muda, sarjana, PhD) disahkan di peringkat kebangsaan oleh UK Council for National Academic Awards CNAA. Mereka terutamanya cemerlang dalam bidang sains kejuruteraan dan sains yang digunakan sama seperti universiti teknologi di Amerika Syarikat dan benua Eropah. Institusi setanding di Scotland secara kolektif disebut sebagai Institusi Pusat. Politeknik pertama Britain, Institut Politeknik DiRaja yang kemudiannya dikenali sebagai Politeknik Central London (sekarang Universiti Westminster) ditubuhkan pada tahun 1838 di Regent Street di London dan matlamatnya adalah untuk mendidik dan mempopularkan pengetahuan kejuruteraan dan sains dan penemuan di Victoria Britain \" pada perbelanjaan kecil. \" Politeknik London mengetuai gerakan massa untuk mewujudkan banyak institusi Politeknik di seluruh UK pada lewat abad ke-19. Institusi-institusi Politeknik Kebanyakan ditubuhkan di pusat bandar metropolitan utama dan tumpuannya adalah pada kejuruteraan, pendidikan sains dan teknologi terpakai. <> Berapa tahun politeknik UK mula berfungsi dalam sistem pendidikan binari? || 1970 <> Organisasi apa yang membuktikan ijazah diterima dari sekolah-sekolah politeknik? || Majlis Inggeris untuk Anugerah Akademik Kebangsaan <> Apa istilah dua istilah yang digunakan oleh Scotland untuk menerangkan universiti teknologi mereka? || Institusi Pusat <> Apakah politeknik pertama di Britain pada asalnya dinamakan? || Institut Politeknik Royal", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did UK polytechnics start functioning in a binary education system?", "id": "56de59f24396321400ee2845", "answers": [{"text": "1970", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization validates degrees received from polytechnic schools?", "id": "56de59f24396321400ee2846", "answers": [{"text": "the UK Council for National Academic Awards", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two-word term does Scotland use to describe their technological universities?", "id": "56de59f24396321400ee2847", "answers": [{"text": "Central Institutions", "answer_start": 575}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first polytechnic in Britain originally named?", "id": "56de59f24396321400ee2848", "answers": [{"text": "Royal Polytechnic Institution", "answer_start": 630}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Polytechnics were tertiary education teaching institutions in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Since 1970 UK Polytechnics operated under the binary system of education along with universities. Polytechnics offered diplomas and degrees (bachelor's, master's, PhD) validated at the national level by the UK Council for National Academic Awards CNAA. They particularly excelled in engineering and applied science degree courses similar to technological universities in the USA and continental Europe. The comparable institutions in Scotland were collectively referred to as Central Institutions. Britain's first Polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution later known as the Polytechnic of Central London (now the University of Westminster) was established in 1838 at Regent Street in London and its goal was to educate and popularize engineering and scientific knowledge and inventions in Victorian Britain \"at little expense.\" The London Polytechnic led a mass movement to create numerous Polytechnic institutes across the UK in the late 19th Century. Most Polytechnic institutes were established at the centre of major metropolitan cities and their focus was on engineering, applied science and technology education."}]], [["Pada tahun 2011, versi baru Wayback Machine yang dipertingkatkan, dengan antara muka yang dikemas kini dan indeks kandungan yang diarsipkan semula, telah disediakan untuk ujian awam. <> Bilakah peningkatan mesin Wayback yang dikeluarkan untuk ujian? || 2011 <> Bilakah peningkatan permainan dikeluarkan untuk ujian? || <> Apa yang dimaksud dengan Wayback Machine yang sama? || <> Apa yang ditutup untuk ujian? || <> Apa yang menggunakan indeks kandungan arkib yang sama? || <> Bilakah mesin Wayback bersara? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was an upgrade of the Wayback Machine released for testing?", "id": "56ddc21866d3e219004dacd9", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When was an upgrade of the game released for testing?", "id": "5a6b0a37a9e0c9001a4e9e92", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "interface", "answer_start": 72}], "question": "What did the Wayback Machine keep the same?", "id": "5a6b0a37a9e0c9001a4e9e93", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wayback Machine", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "What was closed for testing?", "id": "5a6b0a37a9e0c9001a4e9e94", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wayback Machine", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "What used the same index of archived content?", "id": "5a6b0a37a9e0c9001a4e9e95", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When was the Wayback Machine retired?", "id": "5a6b0a37a9e0c9001a4e9e96", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing."}], ["Pada tahun 2009, Arkib Internet telah memindahkan arkitek simpanan tersuai ke Sun Open Storage, dan menjadi tuan rumah pusat data baru dalam Sun Modular Datacenter di kampus Sun Microsystems 'California. <> Bilakah peluang Internet Arkib platform untuk penyimpanan data? || 2009 <> Platform mana yang telah menggunakan Internet Archive pada tahun 2009? || Penyimpanan Terbuka Matahari <> Di manakah arkib Internet menjalankan datacenter? || Kampus Sun Microsystems 'California <> Bilakah Internet Arkib peluang untuk platformnya untuk California? || <> Kampus mana yang menggunakan Internet Archive mengamalkan 2009? || <> Di manakah arkib Internet menjalankan pusat penyimpanan matahari? || <> Bilakah Arkib Internet meninggalkan California? || <> Apakah keadaan rumah untuk pusat data pertama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Internet Archive chance its platform for data storage?", "id": "56ddc1d966d3e219004dacd3", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which platform did Internet Archive adopt in 2009?", "id": "56ddc1d966d3e219004dacd4", "answers": [{"text": "Sun Open Storage", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does Internet archive run a datacenter?", "id": "56ddc1d966d3e219004dacd5", "answers": [{"text": "Sun Microsystems' California campus", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did Internet Archive chance its platform for California?", "id": "5a6b0974a9e0c9001a4e9e88", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sun Open Storage,", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "Which campus did Internet Archive adopt 2009?", "id": "5a6b0974a9e0c9001a4e9e89", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sun Microsystems' California campus", "answer_start": 155}], "question": "Where does Internet archive run a sun storage center?", "id": "5a6b0974a9e0c9001a4e9e8a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did the Internet Archive leave California?", "id": "5a6b0974a9e0c9001a4e9e8b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "California", "answer_start": 173}], "question": "What state is home to the first data center?", "id": "5a6b0974a9e0c9001a4e9e8c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, and hosts a new data center in a Sun Modular Datacenter on Sun Microsystems' California campus."}], ["Sehingga 2009 [update], Mesin Wayback mengandungi lebih kurang tiga petabytes data dan berkembang pada kadar 100 terabytes setiap bulan; kadar pertumbuhan yang dilaporkan pada tahun 2003 adalah 12 terabytes / bulan. Data disimpan pada sistem rak PetaBox yang dihasilkan oleh Capricorn Technologies. <> Pada tahun 2009, saiz apa data yang disimpan oleh mesin Wayback mencapai? || Tiga petabytes <> Pada tahun 2003, apakah kadar peningkatan dalam jumlah data yang direkam oleh Mesin Wayback? || 12 terabyte / month <> Di manakah Mesin Wayback menyimpan maklumat yang disimpan? || Sistem rak PetaBox <> Siapa yang membuat sistem rak PetaBox? || Capricorn Technologies <> Pada tahun 2009, saiz apa data yang disimpan oleh sistem kadar dicapai? || <> Pada tahun 2003, apakah kadar peningkatan dalam jumlah data yang dicatatkan oleh sistem kadar? || <> Di mana Mesin Wayback menyimpan teknologi yang disimpan? || <> Siapa yang membuat sistem kadar? || <> Apa yang disimpan pada sistem petabyte Petabox? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In 2009, what size did the data saved by Wayback Machine reach?", "id": "56ddbd6d66d3e219004daccb", "answers": [{"text": "three petabytes", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of 2003, what was the rate of increase in the amount of data recorded by the Wayback Machine?", "id": "56ddbd6d66d3e219004daccc", "answers": [{"text": "12 terabytes/month", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does Wayback Machine keep its information stored?", "id": "56ddbd6d66d3e219004daccd", "answers": [{"text": "PetaBox rack systems", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who makes PetaBox rack systems?", "id": "56ddbd6d66d3e219004dacce", "answers": [{"text": "Capricorn Technologies", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three petabytes", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "In 2009, what size did the data saved by rate systems reach?", "id": "5a6b07d7a9e0c9001a4e9e7e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "12 terabytes/month", "answer_start": 180}], "question": "As of 2003, what was the rate of increase in the amount of data recorded by rate systems?", "id": "5a6b07d7a9e0c9001a4e9e7f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "PetaBox rack systems", "answer_start": 222}], "question": "Where does Wayback Machine keep its technologies stored?", "id": "5a6b07d7a9e0c9001a4e9e80", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Capricorn Technologies", "answer_start": 259}], "question": "Who makes rate systems?", "id": "5a6b07d7a9e0c9001a4e9e81", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "data", "answer_start": 204}], "question": "What is stored on Petabox petabyte systems?", "id": "5a6b07d7a9e0c9001a4e9e82", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "As of 2009[update], the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month; the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month. The data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies."}], ["Syot kilat biasanya tersedia lebih dari enam bulan selepas ia diarkibkan atau, dalam beberapa kes, walaupun kemudian; ia boleh mengambil masa dua puluh empat bulan atau lebih lama. Kekerapan syot kilat adalah pembolehubah, jadi tidak semua kemas kini tapak web yang dikesan dicatat. Kadang-kala ada selang beberapa minggu atau tahun antara gambar-gambar. <> Apakah versi yang disimpan dalam laman web dipanggil? || Syot kilat <> Berapakah jumlah masa minimum yang timbul sebelum kebanyakan syot kilat dibebaskan untuk dilihat? || enam bulan <> Apa istilah yang mencirikan kadar di mana snapshots dibuat dari laman web? || pembolehubah <> Apakah versi yang disimpan dalam kemas kini dipanggil? || <> Berapa jumlah masa minimum yang timbul sebelum kebanyakan gambar dikeluarkan untuk rakaman? || <> Apa istilah yang mencirikan kadar di mana selang laman web dibuat? || <> Berapa banyak bulan yang diperlukan untuk selang masa menjadi tersedia? || <> Berapa lama selang antara kes? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the saved versions of a site called?", "id": "56ddbc0e66d3e219004dacbf", "answers": [{"text": "Snapshots", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the minimum amount of time that elapses before most snapshots are released for viewing?", "id": "56ddbc0e66d3e219004dacc0", "answers": [{"text": "six months", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term characterizes the rate at which snapshots are made of websites?", "id": "56ddbc0e66d3e219004dacc1", "answers": [{"text": "variable", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Snapshots", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What are the saved versions of an update called?", "id": "5a6b045ca9e0c9001a4e9e6a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "six months", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "What is the minimum amount of time that elapses before most snapshots are released for recording?", "id": "5a6b045ca9e0c9001a4e9e6b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "variable", "answer_start": 184}], "question": "What term characterizes the rate at which intervals of websites are made?", "id": "5a6b045ca9e0c9001a4e9e6c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "twenty-four months", "answer_start": 123}], "question": "How many months can it take for intervals to become available?", "id": "5a6b045ca9e0c9001a4e9e6d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "several weeks or years", "answer_start": 277}], "question": "How long are intervals between cases?", "id": "5a6b045ca9e0c9001a4e9e6e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Snapshots usually become available more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later; it can take twenty-four months or longer.  The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked web site updates are recorded. Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots."}], ["Nama Wayback Machine dipilih sebagai rujukan kepada peranti plot dalam siri kartun animasi, The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show. Dalam salah satu segmen komponen animasi animasi, Sejarah Peabody's Improbable, memimpin watak Encik Peabody dan Sherman secara rutin menggunakan mesin masa yang dikenali sebagai mesin \"WABAC\" (dinyatakan semula) untuk menyaksikan, mengambil bahagian dalam, dan, lebih kerap daripada tidak, mengubah peristiwa terkenal dalam sejarah. <> Apakah rancangan TV yang diilhamkan untuk nama Mesin Wayback? || The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show <> Watak-watak mana di The Rocky dan Bullwinkle Show menggunakan peranti yang membolehkan mereka untuk bergerak melalui masa? || Encik Peabody and Sherman <> Apa mesin yang digunakan oleh Encik Peabody dan Sherman? || Mesin WABAC <> Apakah rancangan TV yang diilhamkan untuk nama WABAC? || <> Watak-watak mana di Show The Rocky dan Bullwinkle menggunakan peranti yang membenarkan perjalanan melalui WABAC? || <> Apakah mesin yang digunakan oleh Rocky? || <> Apa yang digunakan untuk mengubah peristiwa dalam plot? || <> Apa yang dipilih sebagai rujukan untuk menukar Peabody? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What TV show served as inspiration for the Wayback Machine's name?", "id": "56ddb92966d3e219004daca9", "answers": [{"text": "The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which characters on The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show used a device that allowed them to travel through time?", "id": "56ddb92966d3e219004dacaa", "answers": [{"text": "Mr. Peabody and Sherman", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the machine used by Mr. Peabody and Sherman named?", "id": "56ddb92966d3e219004dacab", "answers": [{"text": "WABAC machine", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show", "answer_start": 105}], "question": "What TV show served as inspiration for WABAC's name?", "id": "5a6b0007a9e0c9001a4e9e4c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mr. Peabody and Sherman", "answer_start": 235}], "question": "Which characters on The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show used a device that allowed the to travel through WABAC?", "id": "5a6b0007a9e0c9001a4e9e4d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "WABAC machine", "answer_start": 301}], "question": "What was the machine used by Rocky named?", "id": "5a6b0007a9e0c9001a4e9e4e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "WABAC machine", "answer_start": 301}], "question": "What was used to alter events in a plot?", "id": "5a6b0007a9e0c9001a4e9e4f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wayback Machine", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "What was chosen as a droll reference to alter Mr. Peabody?", "id": "5a6b0007a9e0c9001a4e9e50", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The name Wayback Machine was chosen as a droll reference to a plot device in an animated cartoon series, The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show. In one of the animated cartoon's component segments, Peabody's Improbable History, lead characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman routinely used a time machine called the \"WABAC machine\" (pronounced way-back) to witness, participate in, and, more often than not, alter famous events in history."}], ["Maklumat telah disimpan dalam pita digital selama lima tahun, dengan Kahle kadang-kadang membenarkan para penyelidik dan saintis memasuki pangkalan data kikuk. Apabila arkib mencapai ulang tahun kelima, ia telah diumumkan dan dibuka kepada umum dalam satu majlis di University of California, Berkeley. <> Media apa yang asalnya digunakan untuk menyimpan data Arkib Internet? || pita digital <> Siapa kadangkala dibenarkan menggunakan pangkalan data Arkib? || penyelidik dan saintis <> Pada apa peristiwa penting arkib itu dibuat awam? || ulang tahun kelima <> Di mana acara melancarkan arkib yang tersedia secara awam diadakan? || University of California, Berkeley <> Apakah medium yang asalnya digunakan untuk menyimpan data California? || <> Siapa yang kadangkala dibenarkan untuk menghadiri majlis awam Arkib? || <> Pada apa peristiwa penting arkib itu dibuat kikuk? || <> Di mana acara melancarkan pita digital yang diadakan? || <> Siapa yang membenarkan penyelidik dan saintis memasuki Berkeley? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What medium was originally used to keep Internet Archive's data?", "id": "56ddbb4b66d3e219004dacb7", "answers": [{"text": "digital tape", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were sometimes permitted to use the Archive's database?", "id": "56ddbb4b66d3e219004dacb8", "answers": [{"text": "researchers and scientists", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what milestone was the archive made public?", "id": "56ddbb4b66d3e219004dacb9", "answers": [{"text": "fifth anniversary", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the event launching the publicly-available archive held?", "id": "56ddbb4b66d3e219004dacba", "answers": [{"text": "University of California, Berkeley", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "digital tape", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "What medium was originally used to keep California's data?", "id": "5a6b036ba9e0c9001a4e9e60", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "researchers and scientists", "answer_start": 91}], "question": "Who were sometimes permitted to attend the Archive's public ceremony?", "id": "5a6b036ba9e0c9001a4e9e61", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fifth anniversary", "answer_start": 180}], "question": "At what milestone was the archive made clunky?", "id": "5a6b036ba9e0c9001a4e9e62", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "University of California, Berkeley", "answer_start": 261}], "question": "Where was the event launching the digital tape held?", "id": "5a6b036ba9e0c9001a4e9e63", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kahle", "answer_start": 63}], "question": "Who allowed researchers and scientists to tap into Berkeley?", "id": "5a6b036ba9e0c9001a4e9e64", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers and scientists to tap into the clunky database. When the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley."}], ["Sejak 1996, mereka telah mengarkibkan laman web laman web cache ke kumpulan nod Linux mereka yang besar. Mereka melawat laman web setiap beberapa minggu atau bulan dan mengarkibkan versi baru jika kandungan telah berubah. Tapak juga boleh ditangkap dengan cepat oleh pelawat yang ditawarkan pautan untuk berbuat demikian. Tujuannya adalah untuk menangkap dan mengarkibkan kandungan yang akan hilang apabila setiap laman web diubah atau ditutup. Visi mereka adalah untuk mengarkibkan seluruh Internet. <> Sistem operasi apa yang digunakan pada pelayan Wayback Machine? || Linux <> Bilakah Mesin Wayback menyimpan salinan laman web? || jika kandungan telah berubah <> Apa matlamat utama Mesin Wayback? || untuk mengarkibkan seluruh Internet <> Sistem operasi apa yang digunakan di pelayan internet? || <> Bilakah internet menyimpan satu salinan laman web? || <> Apakah matlamat utama pelawat? || <> Di manakah tapak boleh ditangkap oleh kluster Linux? || <> Apa nod Linux dijangka ditangkap? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What operating system is used on Wayback Machine's servers?", "id": "56ddb53b66d3e219004daca3", "answers": [{"text": "Linux", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When does Wayback Machine save a copy of a website?", "id": "56ddb53b66d3e219004daca4", "answers": [{"text": "if the content has changed", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the ultimate aim of the Wayback Machine?", "id": "56ddb53b66d3e219004daca5", "answers": [{"text": "to archive the entire Internet", "answer_start": 425}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Linux", "answer_start": 91}], "question": "What operating system is used on the internet's servers?", "id": "5a6afe8da9e0c9001a4e9e42", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "if the content has changed", "answer_start": 175}], "question": "When does the internet save a copy of a website?", "id": "5a6afe8da9e0c9001a4e9e43", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to archive the entire Internet", "answer_start": 425}], "question": "What is the ultimate aim of the visitors?", "id": "5a6afe8da9e0c9001a4e9e44", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "on the fly", "answer_start": 230}], "question": "Where can sites be captured by Linux clusters?", "id": "5a6afe8da9e0c9001a4e9e45", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down", "answer_start": 323}], "question": "What Linux nodes are hoped to be captured?", "id": "5a6afe8da9e0c9001a4e9e46", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Since 1996, they have been archiving cached pages of web sites onto their large cluster of Linux nodes. They revisit sites every few weeks or months and archive a new version if the content has changed. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who are offered a link to do so. The intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. Their grand vision is to archive the entire Internet."}], ["Mesin Wayback adalah arkib digital World Wide Web dan maklumat lain di Internet yang dibuat oleh Arkib Internet, sebuah organisasi bukan untung, yang berpangkalan di San Francisco, California, Amerika Syarikat. Ia telah ditubuhkan oleh Brewster Kahle dan Bruce Gilliat, dan dikekalkan dengan kandungan dari Alexa Internet. Perkhidmatan ini membolehkan pengguna melihat versi web yang diarsipkan dari masa ke masa, yang arkib memanggil \"indeks tiga dimensi.\" <> Di manakah maklumat yang disimpan di Mesin Wayback berasal? || World Wide Web <> Syarikat manakah yang membuat Mesin Wayback? || Arkib Internet <> Dimana Arkib Internet beribadat? || San Francisco <> Apa individu yang mengasaskan Arkib Internet? || Brewster Kahle dan Bruce Gilliat <> Apakah istilah yang digunakan oleh Arkib Internet untuk menerangkan Mesin Wayback? || indeks tiga dimensi <> Di manakah maklumat yang disimpan di Arkib Internet berasal? || <> Syarikat manakah yang membuat World Wide Web? || <> Di manakah Bruce Gillat beribu pejabat? || <> Apa individu yang mendirikan World Wide Web? || <> Apakah istilah yang digunakan oleh World Wide Web untuk menggambarkan Mesin Wayback? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does the information stored on the Wayback Machine come from?", "id": "56ddb46c9a695914005b958e", "answers": [{"text": "World Wide Web", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which company made the Wayback Machine?", "id": "56ddb46c9a695914005b958f", "answers": [{"text": "Internet Archive", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Internet Archive headquartered?", "id": "56ddb46c9a695914005b9590", "answers": [{"text": "San Francisco", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What individuals founded Internet Archive?", "id": "56ddb46c9a695914005b9591", "answers": [{"text": "Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term used by Internet Archive to describe the Wayback Machine?", "id": "56ddb46c9a695914005b9592", "answers": [{"text": "three dimensional index", "answer_start": 418}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "World Wide Web", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "Where does the information stored on the Internet Archive come from?", "id": "5a6afdb2a9e0c9001a4e9e38", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Internet Archive", "answer_start": 116}], "question": "Which company made the World Wide Web?", "id": "5a6afdb2a9e0c9001a4e9e39", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "San Francisco", "answer_start": 169}], "question": "Where is Bruce Gillat headquartered?", "id": "5a6afdb2a9e0c9001a4e9e3a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat", "answer_start": 228}], "question": "What individuals founded the World Wide Web?", "id": "5a6afdb2a9e0c9001a4e9e3b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three dimensional index", "answer_start": 418}], "question": "What is the term used by the World Wide Web to describe the Wayback Machine?", "id": "5a6afdb2a9e0c9001a4e9e3c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of the World Wide Web and other information on the Internet created by the Internet Archive, a nonprofit organization, based in San Francisco, California, United States. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet. The service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a \"three dimensional index.\""}], ["Selepas Ogos 2008 laman web harus disenaraikan di Direktori Terbuka untuk dimasukkan. Menurut Jeff Kaplan dari Arkib Internet pada bulan November 2010, laman web lain masih diarkibkan, namun penangkapan baru-baru ini akan kelihatan hanya selepas pengindeksan utama seterusnya, suatu operasi yang jarang berlaku. <> Bilakah ia menjadi keperluan untuk tapak web muncul di Open Directory untuk dimasukkan ke dalam Arkib? || Selepas Ogos 2008 <> Siapakah yang menyatakan bahawa tapak tidak pada Direktori Terbuka masih disimpan tetapi tidak akan dikeluarkan sehingga Arkib didengarkan semula? || Jeff Kaplan <> Bilakah Kaplan membuat komen tentang status tapak Direktori Bukan Terbuka? || November 2010 <> Bilakah ia menjadi keperluan untuk tapak web muncul di Open Directory untuk dimasukkan ke dalam Kaplan? || <> Siapa menyatakan bahawa tapak tidak pada Direktori Terbuka masih disimpan tetapi tidak akan dikeluarkan sehingga Kaplan telah diindeksindex? || <> Bilakah Kaplan membuat komen mengenai status tapak Direktori Terbuka? || <> Mengapa laman web yang disenaraikan di Arkib Internet selepas Ogos 2008? || <> Bilakah Kaplan membuat komen tentang Open Directory? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did it become a requirement for websites to appear on Open Directory for inclusion in the Archive?", "id": "56ddbc9766d3e219004dacc5", "answers": [{"text": "After August 2008", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who stated that sites not on Open Directory were still being saved but would not be released until the Archive was reindexed?", "id": "56ddbc9766d3e219004dacc6", "answers": [{"text": "Jeff Kaplan", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Kaplan make comments about the status of non-Open Directory sites?", "id": "56ddbc9766d3e219004dacc7", "answers": [{"text": "November 2010", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "After August 2008", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "When did it become a requirement for websites to appear on Open Directory for inclusion in Kaplan?", "id": "5a6b06d9a9e0c9001a4e9e74", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jeff Kaplan", "answer_start": 101}], "question": "Who stated that sites not on Open Directory were still being saved but would not be released until the Kaplan was reindexed?", "id": "5a6b06d9a9e0c9001a4e9e75", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "November 2010", "answer_start": 140}], "question": "When did Kaplan make comments about the status of Open Directory sites?", "id": "5a6b06d9a9e0c9001a4e9e76", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in order to be included", "answer_start": 63}], "question": "Why were sites listed on the Internet Archive after August 2008?", "id": "5a6b06d9a9e0c9001a4e9e77", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "November 2010", "answer_start": 140}], "question": "When did Kaplan make comments about the Open Directory?", "id": "5a6b06d9a9e0c9001a4e9e78", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. According to Jeff Kaplan of the Internet Archive in November 2010, other sites were still being archived, but more recent captures would become visible only after the next major indexing, an infrequent operation."}], ["Pada 1996, Brewster Kahle, dengan Bruce Gilliat, membangunkan perisian untuk merangkak dan memuat turun semua laman web World Wide Web, hirarki Gopher, sistem papan buletin Netnews (Usenet) dan perisian yang boleh dimuat turun. Maklumat yang dikumpulkan oleh \"crawler\" ini tidak termasuk semua maklumat yang terdapat di Internet, kerana kebanyakan data dibatasi oleh penerbit atau disimpan dalam pangkalan data yang tidak dapat diakses. \"Crawler\" ini juga menghormati standard pengecualian robot untuk laman web yang pemiliknya memilih untuk tidak muncul dalam hasil carian atau di-cache. Untuk mengatasi ketidakkonsistenan dalam laman web yang disekat sebahagian, Archive-It.org telah dibangunkan pada tahun 2005 oleh Arkib Internet sebagai cara membenarkan institusi dan pencipta kandungan untuk menuai secara sukarela dan mengekalkan koleksi kandungan digital, dan membuat arkib digital. <> Bilakah program yang diperlukan untuk merangkak dan mengarkibkan web yang dibuat? || 1996 <> Apakah istilah yang digunakan untuk program yang secara automatik melawat laman web dan merekodkan data yang mereka temukan? || crawler <> Peraturan apa yang dilakukan oleh peretas apabila menentukan tapak mana yang hendak direkodkan? || standard pengecualian robot <> Laman web apa yang dibuat untuk mengurangkan masalah dengan salinan laman web yang tidak lengkap? || Archive-It.org <> Bilakah program yang diperlukan untuk memasukkan semua maklumat yang tersedia pada interet yang dibuat? || <> Apakah istilah yang digunakan untuk program yang secara automatik melawat tapak web dan merekodkan sistem papan yang mereka temukan? || <> Peraturan apakah laman web mematuhi apabila menentukan tapak untuk dirakam? || <> Situs apa yang dibuat untuk mengurangkan isu dengan Bruce Gilliat? || <> Bilakah Brewster Kate dan Bruce Gilliat membangunkan perisian untuk memuat turun crawler? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the program necessary to crawl and archive the web created?", "id": "56ddbae166d3e219004dacaf", "answers": [{"text": "1996", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a term used for programs that automatically visit websites and record the data they find?", "id": "56ddbae166d3e219004dacb0", "answers": [{"text": "crawlers", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What rule do crawlers abide by when determining which sites to record?", "id": "56ddbae166d3e219004dacb1", "answers": [{"text": "robots exclusion standard", "answer_start": 470}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What site was created to mitigate issues with incomplete copies of websites?", "id": "56ddbae166d3e219004dacb2", "answers": [{"text": "Archive-It.org", "answer_start": 640}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1996", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When was the program necessary to include all information available on the interet created?", "id": "5a6b01dba9e0c9001a4e9e56", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "crawlers", "answer_start": 260}], "question": "What is a term used for programs that automatically visit websites and record the board system they find?", "id": "5a6b01dba9e0c9001a4e9e57", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "robots exclusion standard", "answer_start": 470}], "question": "What rule do web sites abide by when determining sites to record?", "id": "5a6b01dba9e0c9001a4e9e58", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Archive-It.org", "answer_start": 640}], "question": "What site was created to mitigate issues with Bruce Gilliat?", "id": "5a6b01dba9e0c9001a4e9e59", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1996", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did Brewster Kate and Bruce Gilliat develop software to download crawlwers?", "id": "5a6b01dba9e0c9001a4e9e5a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1996 Brewster Kahle, with Bruce Gilliat, developed software to crawl and download all publicly accessible World Wide Web pages, the Gopher hierarchy, the Netnews (Usenet) bulletin board system, and downloadable software. The information collected by these \"crawlers\" does not include all the information available on the Internet, since much of the data is restricted by the publisher or stored in databases that are not accessible. These \"crawlers\" also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached. To overcome inconsistencies in partially cached web sites, Archive-It.org was developed in 2005 by the Internet Archive as a means of allowing institutions and content creators to voluntarily harvest and preserve collections of digital content, and create digital archives."}], ["Pada bulan Oktober 2013, syarikat itu mengumumkan ciri \"Simpan Halaman\" yang membolehkan pengguna Internet mengarkibkan kandungan URL. Ini menjadi ancaman penyalahgunaan oleh perkhidmatan untuk mengosongkan binari jahat. <> Apakah fungsi yang dipanggil yang memberi pengguna keupayaan untuk menyimpan snapshot sesuatu tapak? || Simpan Halaman <> Bilakah Simpan Halaman disediakan? || Oktober 2013 <> Apakah fungsi yang dipanggil yang memberi pengguna keupayaan untuk menyimpan URL tapak? || <> Bilakah URL tersedia? || <> Apa yang menjadi ancaman pencurian? || <> Bilakah syarikat mengumumkan \"Simpan Perduaan\"? || <> Apa yang menjadi tuan rumah \"Simpan Syarikat\"? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the functionality called that gave users the ability to save a snapshot of a site?", "id": "56ddc4d99a695914005b95bc", "answers": [{"text": "Save a Page", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Save a Page made available?", "id": "56ddc4d99a695914005b95bd", "answers": [{"text": "October 2013", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Save a Page", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "What was the functionality called that gave users the ability to save a URL of a site?", "id": "5a6b0f05a9e0c9001a4e9ea6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "October 2013", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When was a URL available?", "id": "5a6b0f05a9e0c9001a4e9ea7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Save a Page", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "What became a threat of theft?", "id": "5a6b0f05a9e0c9001a4e9ea8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "October 2013", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did the company announce \"Save a Binary\"?", "id": "5a6b0f05a9e0c9001a4e9ea9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "malicious binaries", "answer_start": 187}], "question": "What did \"Save a Company\" host?", "id": "5a6b0f05a9e0c9001a4e9eaa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In October 2013, the company announced the \"Save a Page\" feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries."}], ["Hakim Magistrate Howard Lloyd di Distrik Utara California, Divisi San Jose, menolak argumen Netbula dan memerintahkan mereka untuk menonaktifkan penyumbatan robots.txt untuk sementara waktu untuk memungkinkan Chordiant untuk mengambil halaman yang diarsipkan yang mereka cari. <> Hakim mana yang mengetuai kes Netbula v. Chordiant? || Hakim Magistrate Howard Lloyd <> Dalam bidang kuasa apakah yang dilakukan oleh Netbula v. Chordiant? || Daerah Utara California, Bahagian San Jose <> Pihak mana yang memenangi hujahnya mengenai fail robots.txt Netbula? || Chordiant <> Hakim mana yang memimpin California v. Chordiant case? || <> Dalam bidang kuasa apakah yang berlaku di California v. Chordiant? || <> Pihak mana yang memenangi hujahnya mengenai fail robots.txt California? || <> Siapa yang menolak hujah California? || <> Mengapa California dibenarkan untuk mematikan penyumbat robots.txt? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which judge presided over the Netbula v. Chordiant case?", "id": "56ddc6e266d3e219004daceb", "answers": [{"text": "Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what jurisdiction was the Netbula v. Chordiant case tried?", "id": "56ddc6e266d3e219004dacec", "answers": [{"text": "Northern District of California, San Jose Division", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which party won its argument regarding Netbula's robots.txt file?", "id": "56ddc6e266d3e219004daced", "answers": [{"text": "Chordiant", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Which judge presided over the California v. Chordiant case?", "id": "5a6b1401a9e0c9001a4e9ec4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Northern District of California, San Jose", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "In what jurisdiction was the California v. Chordiant case tried?", "id": "5a6b1401a9e0c9001a4e9ec5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Chordiant", "answer_start": 200}], "question": "Which party won its argument regarding California's robots.txt file?", "id": "5a6b1401a9e0c9001a4e9ec6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who rejected California's arguments?", "id": "5a6b1401a9e0c9001a4e9ec7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to allow Chordiant to retrieve the archived pages that they sought", "answer_start": 191}], "question": "Why was California allowed to disable the robots.txt blockage?", "id": "5a6b1401a9e0c9001a4e9ec8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd in the Northern District of California, San Jose Division, rejected Netbula's arguments and ordered them to disable the robots.txt blockage temporarily in order to allow Chordiant to retrieve the archived pages that they sought."}], ["Netbula membantah gerakan di atas alasan bahawa defendan meminta untuk mengubah laman web Netbula dan bahawa mereka sepatutnya memanggil Arsip Internet untuk halaman secara langsung. Seorang pekerja Arkib Internet memfailkan pernyataan bersumpah yang menyokong gerakan Chordiant, bagaimanapun, menyatakan bahawa ia tidak dapat menghasilkan halaman web dengan cara lain \"tanpa beban, perbelanjaan dan gangguan yang cukup untuk operasinya.\" <> Siapa yang percaya Netbula adalah entiti yang sepatutnya bertanggungjawab terhadap ketersediaan snapshotnya? || Arkib Internet <> Pihak mana yang membuat bahagian Internet Archive dengan? || Chordiant <> Siapa yang percaya Netbula adalah entiti yang harus bertanggungjawab untuk ketersediaan perbelanjaannya? || <> Parti manakah yang membabitkan Netbula? || <> Siapa yang membantah gerakan itu atas alasan bahawa terdakwa meminta untuk mengubah laman web Chordiant? || <> Apa yang menyebabkan laman web menyebabkan Netbula? || <> Siapa yang memfailkan pernyataan bersumpah yang menyokong gerakan Netubla? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Netbula believe was the entity that should be responsible for the availability of its snapshots?", "id": "56ddc68966d3e219004dace5", "answers": [{"text": "Internet Archive", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which party did Internet Archive side with?", "id": "56ddc68966d3e219004dace6", "answers": [{"text": "Chordiant", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Internet Archive", "answer_start": 138}], "question": "Who did Netbula believe was the entity that should be responsible for the availability of its expenses?", "id": "5a6b12d5a9e0c9001a4e9eba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Chordiant", "answer_start": 246}], "question": "Which party did Netbula side with?", "id": "5a6b12d5a9e0c9001a4e9ebb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Netbula", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Chordiant's web site?", "id": "5a6b12d5a9e0c9001a4e9ebc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "considerable burden, expense and disruption to its operations", "answer_start": 351}], "question": "What would producing web pages have caused Netbula?", "id": "5a6b12d5a9e0c9001a4e9ebd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "An employee of Internet Archive", "answer_start": 179}], "question": "Who filed a sworn statement supporting Netubla's motion?", "id": "5a6b12d5a9e0c9001a4e9ebe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbula's web site and that they should have subpoenaed Internet Archive for the pages directly. An employee of Internet Archive filed a sworn statement supporting Chordiant's motion, however, stating that it could not produce the web pages by any other means \"without considerable burden, expense and disruption to its operations.\""}], ["Pada akhir tahun 2002, Arkib Internet mengalih keluar pelbagai laman web yang kritikal terhadap Scientology dari Machine Wayback. Mesej ralat menyatakan bahawa ini adalah tindak balas kepada \"permintaan oleh pemilik tapak.\" Kemudian, ia menjelaskan bahawa peguam dari Gereja Scientology telah menuntut penyingkiran dan bahawa pemilik tapak tidak mahu bahannya dibuang. <> Halaman web yang mengandungi kandungan kritikan terhadap pergerakan agama apa yang diambil dari Arkib Internet pada tahun 2002? || Scientology <> Siapa yang telah dikelirukan secara salah kerana mempunyai tapak yang mengkritik Scientology dikeluarkan dari Arkib Internet? || pemilik tapak <> Siapa sebenarnya parti yang meminta tapak kritikal diambil? || Gereja Scientology <> Laman web yang mengandungi kandungan yang kritikal terhadap apa pergerakan agama yang diambil dari Mesin Wayback pada tahun 2002? || <> Siapa yang dikelirukan secara salah kerana mempunyai tapak yang mengkritik Scientology dikeluarkan dari Mesin Wayback? || <> Siapa sebenarnya parti yang meminta Machine Wayback diturunkan? || <> Bilakah Gereja Scientology mengeluarkan fail? || <> Siapa yang tidak mahu Mesin Wayback dikeluarkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Web pages that contained content critical of what religous movement were taken off of the Internet Archive in 2002?", "id": "56ddd22366d3e219004dacff", "answers": [{"text": "Scientology", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was mistakenly credited for having the sites with criticism of Scientology removed from the Internet Archive?", "id": "56ddd22366d3e219004dad00", "answers": [{"text": "the site owner", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the actual party that requested the critical sites be taken down?", "id": "56ddd22366d3e219004dad01", "answers": [{"text": "Church of Scientology", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Scientology", "answer_start": 79}], "question": "Web pages that contained content critical of what religious movement were taken off of the Wayback Machine in 2002?", "id": "5a6b2219a9e0c9001a4e9ef6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the site owner", "answer_start": 184}], "question": "Who was mistakenly credited for having the sites with criticism of Scientology removed from the Wayback Machine?", "id": "5a6b2219a9e0c9001a4e9ef7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Church of Scientology", "answer_start": 247}], "question": "Who was the actual party that requested the Wayback Machine to be taken down?", "id": "5a6b2219a9e0c9001a4e9ef8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "late 2002", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did the Church of Scientology remove files?", "id": "5a6b2219a9e0c9001a4e9ef9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "site owners", "answer_start": 307}], "question": "Who did not want the Wayback Machine removed?", "id": "5a6b2219a9e0c9001a4e9efa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In late 2002, the Internet Archive removed various sites that were critical of Scientology from the Wayback Machine. An error message stated that this was in response to a \"request by the site owner.\" Later, it was clarified that lawyers from the Church of Scientology had demanded the removal and that the site owners did not want their material removed."}], ["Pada Mac 2011, ia berkata pada forum Mesin Wayback bahawa \"Beta Mesin Wayback yang baru mempunyai indeks yang lebih lengkap dan terkini dari semua bahan merangkak ke tahun 2010, dan akan terus dikemas kini secara teratur. Mesin Wayback klasik hanya mempunyai sedikit bahan pada 2008 lalu, dan tiada kemasukan indeks lagi dirancang, kerana ia akan dihapuskan tahun ini \". <> Bilakah butiran versi ujian mesin Wayback yang dikemas kini dikeluarkan? || Mac 2011 <> Versi lama Wayback Machine tidak mempunyai banyak data baru pada tahun lepas? || 2008 <> Versi terbaru Wayback Machine termasuk tarikh sehingga dan termasuk tahun apa? || 2010 <> Bilakah butiran versi terakhir yang dikeluarkan? || <> Melalui tahun manakah mesin versi Wayback mempunyai banyak data baru? || <> Pada tahun apakah versi lama Wayback Machine? || <> Bilakah Forum Wayback bercakap tentang pendahulunya kepada Mesin Wayback? || <> Apa yang hanya mempunyai sedikit bahan pada 2007? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When were details of the test version of the updated Wayback Machine released?", "id": "56ddc47666d3e219004dacdd", "answers": [{"text": "March 2011", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The older version of Wayback Machine did not have much new data past what year?", "id": "56ddc47666d3e219004dacde", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The newer version of the Wayback Machine included date up to and including what year?", "id": "56ddc47666d3e219004dacdf", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "March 2011", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When were details of the final version of the released?", "id": "5a6b0e56a9e0c9001a4e9e9c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 303}], "question": "Past what year did the older version of Wayback Machine had  much new data?", "id": "5a6b0e56a9e0c9001a4e9e9d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 169}], "question": "In what year was the oldest version of the Wayback Machine?", "id": "5a6b0e56a9e0c9001a4e9e9e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "March 2011", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did the Wayback Forum talk about the predecessor to the Wayback Machine?", "id": "5a6b0e56a9e0c9001a4e9e9f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "classic Wayback Machine", "answer_start": 240}], "question": "What only has a little bit of material past 2007?", "id": "5a6b0e56a9e0c9001a4e9ea0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In March 2011, it was said on the Wayback Machine forum that \"The Beta of the new Wayback Machine has a more complete and up-to-date index of all crawled materials into 2010, and will continue to be updated regularly. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a little bit of material past 2008, and no further index updates are planned, as it will be phased out this year\"."}], ["Dalam kes 2009, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc., defendan Chordiant memfailkan usul untuk memaksa Netbula untuk melumpuhkan fail robots.txt di laman webnya yang menyebabkan Mesin Wayback mengalih keluar secara retroaktif akses kepada versi laman sebelumnya telah diarkibkan dari tapak Nebula, halaman yang dipercayai Chordiant akan menyokong kesnya. <> Apa tahun 2009 pertempuran mahkamah melibatkan Mesin Wayback? || Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. <> Syarikat mana yang menganggap bahawa data Mesin Wayback penting untuk hujahnya? || Chordiant <> Apa yang diminta Chordiant bahawa mahkamah tidak aktif di laman web Netbula? || robots.txt file <> Apa pertempuran mahkamah 2009 melibatkan robot Netbula? || <> Syarikat manakah yang menganggap bahawa data Mesin Wayback penting untuk robot? || <> Apa yang diminta oleh Mesin Jalan balik bahawa mahkamah tidak aktif di laman web Netbulas? || <> Apa yang dipercayai Mesin Jalanan akan menyokong kesnya? || <> Siapa yang memfailkan gerakan untuk memaksa Mesin Wayback untuk mematikan fail robots.txt? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What 2009 court battle involved the Wayback Machine?", "id": "56ddc5e59a695914005b95c0", "answers": [{"text": "Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc.", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which company thought that Wayback Machine data was important for its argument?", "id": "56ddc5e59a695914005b95c1", "answers": [{"text": "Chordiant", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Chordiant request that the court deactivate on Netbula's website?", "id": "56ddc5e59a695914005b95c2", "answers": [{"text": "the robots.txt file", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc.", "answer_start": 16}], "question": "What 2009 court battle involved Netbula's robots?", "id": "5a6b1064a9e0c9001a4e9eb0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Chordiant", "answer_start": 302}], "question": "Which company thought that Wayback Machine data was important for robots?", "id": "5a6b1064a9e0c9001a4e9eb1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the robots.txt file", "answer_start": 121}], "question": "What did the Wayback Machine request that the court deactivate on Netbulas website?", "id": "5a6b1064a9e0c9001a4e9eb2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pages", "answer_start": 291}], "question": "What did the Wayback Machine believe would support its case?", "id": "5a6b1064a9e0c9001a4e9eb3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Chordiant", "answer_start": 67}], "question": "Who filed a motion to compel the Wayback Machine to disable the robots.txt file?", "id": "5a6b1064a9e0c9001a4e9eb4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc., defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots.txt file on its web site that was causing the Wayback Machine to retroactively remove access to previous versions of pages it had archived from Nebula's site, pages that Chordiant believed would support its case."}], ["Dengan syarat beberapa syarat tambahan dipenuhi (mis. Menyediakan pernyataan arkivis yang berwibawa), pejabat paten Amerika Syarikat dan Pejabat Paten Eropah akan menerima setem tarikh dari Arkib Internet sebagai bukti apabila halaman web yang diberikan dapat diakses oleh orang awam. Tarikh-tarikh ini digunakan untuk menentukan sama ada laman Web boleh didapati sebagai seni terdahulu misalnya dalam memeriksa permohonan paten. <> Bilakah cap waktu Arkib Internet berguna untuk pejabat paten? || dalam mengkaji permohonan paten <> Apa contoh keadaan yang mesti dipenuhi untuk data Arkib Internet yang dianggap boleh diterima untuk diserahkan ke pejabat paten di AS dan Eropah? || pernyataan yang berwibawa arkivis <> Bilakah ketetapan Arkib Internet merosakkan pejabat paten? || <> Apakah contoh keadaan yang mesti dipenuhi untuk data Arkib Internet yang dianggap boleh diterima untuk diposkan ke pejabat paten di Web? || <> Apa yang digunakan untuk menentukan sama ada paten boleh didapati? || <> Apa yang akan menerima setem tarikh dari orang awam? || <> Apa yang diperlukan oleh pejabat paten sebelum mereka menerima permohonan untuk pekerjaan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When are Internet Archive timestamps useful for patent offices?", "id": "56ddca9d9a695914005b95d7", "answers": [{"text": "in examining a patent application", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of a condition that must be met for the Internet Archive data to be considered acceptable for submission to patent offices in the US and Europe?", "id": "56ddca9d9a695914005b95d8", "answers": [{"text": "authoritative statement of the archivist", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in examining a patent application", "answer_start": 375}], "question": "When are Internet Archive timestamps harmful for patent offices?", "id": "5a6b1877a9e0c9001a4e9ed8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "authoritative statement of the archivist", "answer_start": 65}], "question": "What is an example of a condition that must be met for the Internet Archive data to be considered acceptable for submission to patent offices on the Web?", "id": "5a6b1877a9e0c9001a4e9ed9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dates", "answer_start": 294}], "question": "What are used to determine if a patent is available?", "id": "5a6b1877a9e0c9001a4e9eda", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United States patent office and the European Patent Office", "answer_start": 112}], "question": "What will accept date stamps from the public?", "id": "5a6b1877a9e0c9001a4e9edb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "authoritative statement of the archivist", "answer_start": 65}], "question": "What does the patent offices require before they accept applications for employment?", "id": "5a6b1877a9e0c9001a4e9edc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Provided some additional requirements are met (e.g. providing an authoritative statement of the archivist), the United States patent office and the European Patent Office will accept date stamps from the Internet Archive as evidence of when a given Web page was accessible to the public. These dates are used to determine if a Web page is available as prior art for instance in examining a patent application."}], ["Terdapat batasan teknikal untuk mengarkibkan laman web, dan sebagai akibatnya, adalah mungkin bagi pihak yang menentang dalam litigasi untuk menyalahgunakan keputusan yang disediakan oleh arkib laman web. Masalah ini boleh diburukkan lagi oleh amalan menyiarkan gambar skrin halaman web dalam aduan, jawapan, atau laporan saksi pakar, apabila pautan yang mendasari tidak didedahkan dan oleh itu, boleh mengandungi ralat. Sebagai contoh, arkib seperti Wayback Machine tidak mengisi borang dan oleh itu, tidak termasuk kandungan pangkalan data e-dagang yang tidak teratur dalam arkib mereka. <> Apakah batasan apa yang wujud dalam mengekalkan salinan laman web? || teknikal <> Peninggalan apa elemen dalam tangkapan skrin boleh menjadikannya tidak boleh dipercayai sebagai bukti? || pautan yang mendasari <> Unsur laman web yang tidak digunakan oleh Wayback Machine? || bentuk <> Apa jenis laman web yang mengandungi maklumat yang Mesin Wayback tidak mencatat? || e-dagang <> Apakah batasan apa yang wujud dalam mengekalkan salinan Mesin Wayback? || <> Pengabaian unsur apa dalam Mesin Wayback boleh menjadikannya tidak boleh dipercayai sebagai bukti? || <> Unsur laman web yang tidak digunakan oleh arkib tapak? || <> Jenis laman web apa yang mengandungi maklumat bahawa rakaman skrin tidak mencatat? || <> Bilakah mungkin pihak yang menentang menyalahgunakan e-dagang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of limitations exist in keeping copies of a website?", "id": "56ddcf4166d3e219004dacf7", "answers": [{"text": "technical", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The omission of what element in screenshots can make them unreliable as evidence?", "id": "56ddcf4166d3e219004dacf8", "answers": [{"text": "underlying links", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What elements of webpages are not used by Wayback Machine?", "id": "56ddcf4166d3e219004dacf9", "answers": [{"text": "forms", "answer_start": 464}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of sites contain information that the Wayback Machine does not record?", "id": "56ddcf4166d3e219004dacfa", "answers": [{"text": "e-commerce", "answer_start": 528}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "technical", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "What kind of limitations exist in keeping copies of the Wayback Machine?", "id": "5a6b1c23a9e0c9001a4e9ee2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "underlying links", "answer_start": 330}], "question": "The omission of what element in Wayback Machines can make them unreliable as evidence?", "id": "5a6b1c23a9e0c9001a4e9ee3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "forms", "answer_start": 464}], "question": "What elements of webpages are not used by site archives?", "id": "5a6b1c23a9e0c9001a4e9ee4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "e-commerce", "answer_start": 528}], "question": "What kind of sites contain information that the screen shots do not record?", "id": "5a6b1c23a9e0c9001a4e9ee5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "litigation", "answer_start": 118}], "question": "When is it possible for opposing parties to misuse e-commerce?", "id": "5a6b1c23a9e0c9001a4e9ee6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There are technical limitations to archiving a web site, and as a consequence, it is possible for opposing parties in litigation to misuse the results provided by web site archives. This problem can be exacerbated by the practice of submitting screen shots of web pages in complaints, answers, or expert witness reports, when the underlying links are not exposed and therefore, can contain errors. For example, archives such as the Wayback Machine do not fill out forms and therefore, do not include the contents of non-RESTful e-commerce databases in their archives."}], ["Di Eropah, Wayback Machine boleh ditafsirkan sebagai melanggar undang-undang hak cipta. Hanya pencipta kandungan boleh menentukan di mana kandungan mereka diterbitkan atau diduplikasi, jadi Arkib akan menghapus halaman dari sistemnya atas permintaan pencipta. Dasar pengecualian untuk Mesin Wayback boleh didapati di bahagian FAQ di laman web ini. Mesin Wayback juga menghormati secara retrofektifkan fail robots.txt, iaitu, halaman yang saat ini disekat kepada robot pada web secara langsung akan dibuat tidak tersedia dari arkib juga. <> Apakah jenis undang-undang yang boleh dilihat oleh Mesin Wayback seperti melanggar Eropah? || undang-undang hak cipta <> Apa yang perlu dilakukan Arkib Internet jika diminta oleh seseorang yang kandungannya tersedia pada Mesin Wayback? || memadamkan muka surat dari sistemnya <> Dalam bahagian mana laman web ini adalah peraturan Wayback Machine mengenai pengalihan kandungan? || FAQ <> Apakah jenis undang-undang yang boleh Mesin Pantau Balik dilihat sebagai melanggar FAQ? || <> Apa yang perlu dilakukan Arkib Internet jika diminta oleh seseorang yang kandungannya tersedia pada fail robots.txt? || <> Di bahagian Eropah apakah peraturan Mesin Wayback mengenai pengalihan kandungan? || <> Apa yang terdapat dalam bahagian robots.txt di tapak? || <> Siapa yang boleh membuat keputusan apabila halaman dipadamkan dari Eropah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kinds of laws could the Wayback Machine be viewed as breaking in Europe?", "id": "56ddd0509a695914005b95ec", "answers": [{"text": "copyright laws", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What would the Internet Archive have to do if requested by someone whose content is available on Wayback Machine?", "id": "56ddd0509a695914005b95ed", "answers": [{"text": "delete pages from its system", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what part of the website are Wayback Machine's rules regarding removing content?", "id": "56ddd0509a695914005b95ee", "answers": [{"text": "FAQ", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "copyright laws", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "What kinds of laws could the Wayback Machine be viewed as breaking in the FAQ?", "id": "5a6b1e6ba9e0c9001a4e9eec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "delete pages from its system", "answer_start": 193}], "question": "What would the Internet Archive have to do if requested by someone whose content is available on robots.txt files?", "id": "5a6b1e6ba9e0c9001a4e9eed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "FAQ", "answer_start": 318}], "question": "In what part of Europe are Wayback Machine's rules regarding removing content?", "id": "5a6b1e6ba9e0c9001a4e9eee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "FAQ", "answer_start": 318}], "question": "What may be found in the robots.txt files section of the site?", "id": "5a6b1e6ba9e0c9001a4e9eef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "creator", "answer_start": 242}], "question": "Who can decide when pages are deleted from Europe?", "id": "5a6b1e6ba9e0c9001a4e9ef0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In Europe the Wayback Machine could be interpreted as violating copyright laws. Only the content creator can decide where their content is published or duplicated, so the Archive would have to delete pages from its system upon request of the creator. The exclusion policies for the Wayback Machine may be found in the FAQ section of the site. The Wayback Machine also retroactively respects robots.txt files, i.e., pages that currently are blocked to robots on the live web temporarily will be made unavailable from the archives as well."}], ["Dalam kes Oktober 2004, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No. 02 C 3293, 65 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 673 (N.D. Ill. 15 Oktober 2004), seorang litiganya cuba menggunakan arkib Mesin Wayback sebagai sumber bukti yang dapat diterima, mungkin untuk kali pertama. Telewizja Polska adalah penyedia TVP Polonia dan EchoStar mengendalikan Rangkaian Dish. Sebelum prosiding percubaan, EchoStar menunjukkan bahawa ia bertujuan untuk menawarkan snapshot Mesin Wayback sebagai bukti kandungan laman web Telewizja Polska lalu. Telewizja Polska membawa usul dalam limine untuk menindas snapshots atas dasar sumber khabar angin dan sumber tidak sah, tetapi Hakim Hakim Arlander Key menolak percakapan Telewizja Polska tentang khabar angin dan menafikan gerakan TVP dalam limine untuk mengecualikan bukti yang sedang dibicarakan. Pada sidang tersebut, Hakim Mahkamah Distrik Ronald Guzman, hakim perbicaraan, menilai penemuan Magistrate Keys, dan menyatakan bahawa tidak ada afidavit dari pekerja Arkib Internet atau halaman yang mendasari (iaitu laman web Telewizja Polska). boleh diterima sebagai bukti. Hakim Guzman menegaskan bahawa afidavit pekerja itu mengandungi kedua-dua kenyataan pendengaran dan tidak dapat disokong, dan cetakan halaman web yang dikatakan tidak sahkan diri sendiri. [Rujukan?] <> Apakah Telewizja Polska beroperasi? || TVP Polonia <> Apakah platform EchoStar itu? || Dish Network <> Hakim yang mana menafikan percubaan Telewizja Polska untuk menghalang penggunaan kandungan Arkib Internet sebagai bukti? || Majistret Hakim Arlander Keys <> Hakim mana yang membatalkan keputusan Keys? || Hakim Mahkamah Daerah Ronald Guzman <> Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh Telewizja Polska? || <> Apakah platform Romand Guzmans? || <> Hakim mana yang menafikan percubaan Echostar untuk menghalang penggunaan kandungan Arkib Internet sebagai bukti? || <> Hakim mana yang membatalkan keputusan Polska? || <> Siapa yang menolak dakwaan khabar angin Echostar? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does Telewizja Polska operate?", "id": "56ddc9d49a695914005b95cd", "answers": [{"text": "TVP Polonia", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is EchoStar's platform?", "id": "56ddc9d49a695914005b95ce", "answers": [{"text": "the Dish Network", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which judge denied Telewizja Polska's attempt to block the use of Internet Archive contents as evidence?", "id": "56ddc9d49a695914005b95cf", "answers": [{"text": "Magistrate Judge Arlander Keys", "answer_start": 645}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which judge overturned Keys' ruling?", "id": "56ddc9d49a695914005b95d0", "answers": [{"text": "district Court Judge Ronald Guzman", "answer_start": 816}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "TVP Polonia", "answer_start": 301}], "question": "What does Telewizja Polska intend to offer?", "id": "5a6b165fa9e0c9001a4e9ece", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Dish Network", "answer_start": 335}], "question": "What is Romand Guzmans platform?", "id": "5a6b165fa9e0c9001a4e9ecf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Magistrate Judge Arlander Keys", "answer_start": 645}], "question": "Which judge denied Echostar's attempt to block the use of Internet Archive contents as evidence?", "id": "5a6b165fa9e0c9001a4e9ed0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "district Court Judge Ronald Guzman", "answer_start": 816}], "question": "Which judge overturned Polska's ruling?", "id": "5a6b165fa9e0c9001a4e9ed1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Magistrate Judge Arlander Keys", "answer_start": 645}], "question": "Who rejected Echostar's assertion of hearsay?", "id": "5a6b165fa9e0c9001a4e9ed2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No. 02 C 3293, 65 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 673 (N.D. Ill. Oct. 15, 2004), a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, perhaps for the first time. Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network. Prior to the trial proceedings, EchoStar indicated that it intended to offer Wayback Machine snapshots as proof of the past content of Telewizja Polska's web site. Telewizja Polska brought a motion in limine to suppress the snapshots on the grounds of hearsay and unauthenticated source, but Magistrate Judge Arlander Keys rejected Telewizja Polska's assertion of hearsay and denied TVP's motion in limine to exclude the evidence at trial. At the trial, however, district Court Judge Ronald Guzman, the trial judge, overruled Magistrate Keys' findings,[citation needed] and held that neither the affidavit of the Internet Archive employee nor the underlying pages (i.e., the Telewizja Polska website) were admissible as evidence. Judge Guzman reasoned that the employee's affidavit contained both hearsay and inconclusive supporting statements, and the purported web page printouts were not self-authenticating.[citation needed]"}], ["Pada tahun 2013-14 pelakon pornografi cuba untuk menghapus imej yang diarsipkan dirinya sendiri, terlebih dahulu dengan menghantar permintaan DMCA berganda ke Arkib dan kemudian di Mahkamah Persekutuan Kanada. <> Apakah kaedah pertama yang digunakan oleh pelakon dalam mencuba mendapatkan imejnya? || Permintaan DMCA <> Apakah sistem undang-undang yang digunakan oleh pelakon selepas memfailkan petisyen DMCA? || Mahkamah Persekutuan Kanada <> Apakah kaedah pertama yang digunakan oleh pelakon dalam mencuba mendapatkan DMCA? || <> Apakah tindakan undang-undang yang digunakan oleh pelakon selepas memfailkan imej lucah? || <> Bilakah seorang pelakon lucah menghantar beberapa permintaan ke DMCA? || <> Apakah DMCA cuba mengeluarkan? || <> Bilakah DMCA cuba mengeluarkan imej yang diarkib? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the first method used by the actor in trying to get his images taken down?", "id": "56ddd9ea66d3e219004dad24", "answers": [{"text": "DMCA requests", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What legal system did the actor use after filing DMCA petitions?", "id": "56ddd9ea66d3e219004dad25", "answers": [{"text": "Federal Court of Canada", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "DMCA requests", "answer_start": 107}], "question": "What was the first method used by the actor in trying to get the DMCA taken down?", "id": "5a6b2ed4a9e0c9001a4e9f30", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Federal Court of Canada", "answer_start": 152}], "question": "What legal actions did the actor use after filing pornographic images?", "id": "5a6b2ed4a9e0c9001a4e9f31", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2013\u201314", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did a pornographic actor send multiple requests to DMCA?", "id": "5a6b2ed4a9e0c9001a4e9f32", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "archived images", "answer_start": 53}], "question": "What was the DMCA trying to remove?", "id": "5a6b2ed4a9e0c9001a4e9f33", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2013\u201314", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When was the DMCA trying to remove archived images?", "id": "5a6b2ed4a9e0c9001a4e9f34", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2013\u201314 a pornographic actor was trying to remove archived images of himself, first by sending multiple DMCA requests to the Archive and then in the Federal Court of Canada."}], ["Namun, Arkib Internet menyatakan, \"Kadang-kadang pemilik laman web akan menghubungi kami secara langsung dan meminta kami untuk berhenti merangkak atau mengarkibkan laman web. Kami mematuhi permintaan ini.\" Selain itu, laman web itu mengatakan: \"Arkib Internet tidak berminat untuk memelihara atau menawarkan akses kepada laman web atau dokumen Internet lain orang yang tidak menginginkan bahan-bahan mereka di koleksi.\" <> Siapa menegaskan bahawa mereka akan bertindak balas terhadap kenalan langsung yang meminta bahan dikeluarkan dari arkib? || Arkib Internet <> Siapa menegaskan bahawa mereka akan bertindak balas terhadap kontrak langsung yang meminta bahan dikeluarkan dari laman web? || <> Apa yang pemiliknya tidak berminat? || <> Apa yang dilakukan pemilik laman web dengan permintaan? || <> Bagaimana pemilik hubungan Internet Arkib? || <> Siapa yang berminat untuk memelihara laman web orang yang tidak menginginkan bahan mereka dalam koleksi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who asserts that they will respond to direct contacts requesting material be removed from the archive?", "id": "56ddd65866d3e219004dad1b", "answers": [{"text": "Internet Archive", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Internet Archive", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Who asserts that they will respond to direct contracts requesting material be removed from Web sites?", "id": "5a6b295ba9e0c9001a4e9f12", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "preserving or offering access to Web sites or other Internet documents of persons who do not want their materials in the collection", "answer_start": 246}], "question": "What are owners not interested in?", "id": "5a6b295ba9e0c9001a4e9f13", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "comply", "answer_start": 142}], "question": "What do Web site owners do with requests?", "id": "5a6b295ba9e0c9001a4e9f14", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "directly", "answer_start": 81}], "question": "How does the Internet Archives contact owners?", "id": "5a6b295ba9e0c9001a4e9f15", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Internet Archive", "answer_start": 208}], "question": "Who is interested in preserving Web sites of persons who do not want their materials in the collection?", "id": "5a6b295ba9e0c9001a4e9f16", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Internet Archive states, however, \"Sometimes a website owner will contact us directly and ask us to stop crawling or archiving a site. We comply with these requests.\" In addition, the web site says: \"The Internet Archive is not interested in preserving or offering access to Web sites or other Internet documents of persons who do not want their materials in the collection.\""}], ["Pada 25 April 2007, Arkib Internet dan Suzanne Shell bersama-sama mengumumkan penyelesaian tuntutan mereka. Arkib Internet berkata \"... tidak mempunyai minat untuk memasukkan bahan-bahan dalam Mesin Wayback orang yang tidak mahu mempunyai kandungan Web mereka diarkibkan. Kami menyedari bahawa Ms. Shell mempunyai hak cipta yang sah dan boleh dikuatkuasakan di laman webnya dan kami menyesali bahawa kemasukan laman webnya dalam Mesin Wayback mengakibatkan litigasi ini. \" Shell berkata, \"Saya menghormati nilai sejarah Internet Archive matlamat saya tidak pernah bertujuan untuk mengganggu matlamat itu atau menyebabkan ia apa-apa kemudaratan.\" <> Bilakah saman Suzanne Shell terhadap Arkib Internet berakhir? || 25 April 2007 <> Yang menyatakan bahawa mereka tidak berhasrat melanggar hak cipta individu? || Arkib Internet <> Siapa menyatakan bahawa mereka tidak mahu menyebabkan kerosakan kepada Arkib Internet? || Suzanne Shell <> Bilakah saman Wayback terhadap Internet Archive selesai? || <> Siapa menyatakan bahawa mereka tidak mahu melanggar nilai Suzanne Shell? || <> Siapa yang menyatakan bahawa mereka tidak mahu menyebabkan kerosakan pada Mesin Wayback? || <> Siapa yang menyesal masuknya laman Web Wayback Mountain? || <> Siapa yang tidak bertujuan mengganggu matlamat Suzanne Shell? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Suzanne Shell's suit against Internet Archive come to an end?", "id": "56ddd98d9a695914005b961a", "answers": [{"text": "April 25, 2007", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who stated that they had no wish to violate individuals' copyrights?", "id": "56ddd98d9a695914005b961b", "answers": [{"text": "Internet Archive", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who stated that they did not want to cause damage to the Internet Archive?", "id": "56ddd98d9a695914005b961c", "answers": [{"text": "Suzanne Shell", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "April 25, 2007", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did Wayback Machine's suit against Internet Archive come to an end?", "id": "5a6b2d63a9e0c9001a4e9f26", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Internet Archive", "answer_start": 109}], "question": "Who stated that they had no wish to violate the values of Suzanne Shell?", "id": "5a6b2d63a9e0c9001a4e9f27", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Suzanne Shell", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "Who stated that they did not want to cause damage to the Wayback Machine?", "id": "5a6b2d63a9e0c9001a4e9f28", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Internet Archive", "answer_start": 109}], "question": "Who regretted the inclusion of Wayback Mountain's Web site?", "id": "5a6b2d63a9e0c9001a4e9f29", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Internet Archive", "answer_start": 109}], "question": "Who never intended to interfere with Suzanne Shell's goal?", "id": "5a6b2d63a9e0c9001a4e9f2a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On April 25, 2007, Internet Archive and Suzanne Shell jointly announced the settlement of their lawsuit. The Internet Archive said it \"...has no interest in including materials in the Wayback Machine of persons who do not wish to have their Web content archived. We recognize that Ms. Shell has a valid and enforceable copyright in her Web site and we regret that the inclusion of her Web site in the Wayback Machine resulted in this litigation.\" Shell said, \"I respect the historical value of Internet Archive's goal. I never intended to interfere with that goal nor cause it any harm.\""}], ["Robots.txt digunakan sebagai sebahagian daripada Standard Pengecualian Robot, suatu protokol sukarela Arkib Internet menghormati yang tidak membenarkan bot mengindeks halaman tertentu yang ditandakan oleh penciptanya sebagai had luar. Akibatnya, Arkib Internet telah memberikan beberapa laman web yang tidak dapat diakses melalui Mesin Wayback. Pada masa ini, Arkib Internet menggunakan peraturan robots.txt secara retroaktif; jika tapak menghalang Arkib Internet, seperti Peguambela Penjagaan Kesihatan, mana-mana halaman yang diarsipkan sebelumnya dari domain tidak tersedia juga. Dalam kes tapak yang disekat, hanya fail robots.txt diarkibkan. <> Jenis protokol seperti apakah Robot Pengecualian Robot? || sukarela <> Apa file yang digunakan untuk menjalankan hak-hak yang dipromosikan oleh Standard Pengecualian Robot? || Robots.txt <> Jika tapak menghalang Arkib Internet daripada merakamnya, apakah fail yang masih disimpan? || Robots.txt <> Apa jenis protokol adalah Arkib Internet? || <> Apakah fail yang digunakan untuk melaksanakan hak-hak yang dipromosikan oleh Arkib Internet? || <> Jika tapak menghalang Arkib Internet daripada merakamnya, apa fail yang diberikan tidak tersedia? || <> Apa yang dihormati oleh Peguambela Penjagaan Kesihatan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of protocol is the Robots Exclusion Standard?", "id": "56ddd60966d3e219004dad15", "answers": [{"text": "voluntary", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What file is utilized to exercise the rights promoted by the Robots Exclusion Standard?", "id": "56ddd60966d3e219004dad16", "answers": [{"text": "Robots.txt", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If a site prevents Internet Archive from recording it, what file is still saved?", "id": "56ddd60966d3e219004dad17", "answers": [{"text": "Robots.txt", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "voluntary", "answer_start": 63}], "question": "What kind of protocol is the Internet Archive?", "id": "5a6b2699a9e0c9001a4e9f0a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "robots.txt", "answer_start": 377}], "question": "What file is utilized to exercise the rights promoted by the Internet Archive?", "id": "5a6b2699a9e0c9001a4e9f0b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "robots.txt", "answer_start": 377}], "question": "If a site prevents Internet Archive from recording it, what file is rendered unavailable?", "id": "5a6b2699a9e0c9001a4e9f0c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Robots Exclusion Standard", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "What does the Healthcare Advocates respect?", "id": "5a6b2699a9e0c9001a4e9f0d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Robots.txt is used as part of the Robots Exclusion Standard, a voluntary protocol the Internet Archive respects that disallows bots from indexing certain pages delineated by its creator as off-limits. As a result, the Internet Archive has rendered unavailable a number of web sites that now are inaccessible through the Wayback Machine. Currently, the Internet Archive applies robots.txt rules retroactively; if a site blocks the Internet Archive, such as Healthcare Advocates, any previously archived pages from the domain are rendered unavailable as well. In cases of blocked sites, only the robots.txt file is archived."}], ["Pada tahun 2003, Harding Earley Follmer & Frailey mempertahankan pelanggan daripada pertikaian tanda dagangan menggunakan Mesin Arahan Balik Arkib. Pengacara dapat menunjukkan bahawa tuntutan yang dibuat oleh plaintif adalah tidak sah, berdasarkan kandungan laman web mereka dari beberapa tahun sebelumnya. Plaintif, Peguambela Kesihatan, kemudian meminda aduan mereka untuk memasukkan Arkib Internet, menuduh organisasi pelanggaran hak cipta serta pelanggaran DMCA dan Akta Penipuan dan Penyalahgunaan Komputer. Penasihat Kesihatan mendakwa bahawa, sejak mereka telah memasang fail robots.txt di laman web mereka, walaupun selepas tuntutan awal itu diajukan, Arkib sepatutnya telah menghapuskan semua salinan laman web plaintif sebelumnya dari Mesin Wayback. Tuntutan itu diselesaikan di luar mahkamah. <> Firma undang-undang mana yang memanfaatkan Wayback Machine untuk melindungi pelanggan mereka pada tahun 2003? || Harding Earley Follmer & Frailey <> Syarikat mana yang memfailkan tuntutan terhadap pelanggan Harding, Earley, Follmer & Frailey? || Advokat Penjagaan Kesihatan <> Siapa yang menganjurkan penyokong Kesihatan mengubah kes mereka untuk dimasukkan sebagai defendan? || Arkib Internet <> Undang-undang apa yang dilakukan oleh Penasihat Kesihatan menuduh Arkib Internet mengalami patah? || DMCA dan Akta Penipuan dan Penyalahgunaan Komputer <> Firma undang-undang mana yang melepaskan Akta Penipuan dan Penyalahgunaan Komputer untuk melindungi klien mereka pada tahun 2003? || <> Syarikat manakah yang memfailkan saman terhadap Harding Early Follmer & Frailey? || <> Siapa penyokong penjagaan kesihatan menukar kesnya untuk disertakan sebagai plaintif? || <> Undang-undang apa yang dilakukan oleh Peguambela Penjagaan Kesihatan menuduh Early Follmer & Frailey mengalami patah? || <> Apa yang harus dikeluarkan oleh Early Follmer & Frailey? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which law firm leveraged Wayback Machine to protect their client in 2003?", "id": "56ddd58e66d3e219004dad0d", "answers": [{"text": "Harding Earley Follmer & Frailey", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which company filed suit against Harding, Earley, Follmer & Frailey's client?", "id": "56ddd58e66d3e219004dad0e", "answers": [{"text": "Healthcare Advocates", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Healthcare advocates change their case to include as a defendant?", "id": "56ddd58e66d3e219004dad0f", "answers": [{"text": "Internet Archive", "answer_start": 359}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What laws did Healthcare Advocates accuse Internet Archive of having broken?", "id": "56ddd58e66d3e219004dad10", "answers": [{"text": "the DMCA and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act", "answer_start": 454}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Harding Earley Follmer & Frailey", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "Which law firm leveaged the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act to protect their client in 2003?", "id": "5a6b244ea9e0c9001a4e9f00", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Healthcare Advocates", "answer_start": 501}], "question": "Which company filed suit against Harding Early Follmer & Frailey?", "id": "5a6b244ea9e0c9001a4e9f01", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Internet Archive", "answer_start": 359}], "question": "Who did Healthcare advocates change their case to include as a plaintiff?", "id": "5a6b244ea9e0c9001a4e9f02", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the DMCA and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act", "answer_start": 454}], "question": "What laws did Healthcare Advocates accuse Early Follmer & Frailey of having broken?", "id": "5a6b244ea9e0c9001a4e9f03", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "all previous copies of the plaintiff web site", "answer_start": 675}], "question": "What should Early Follmer & Frailey have removed?", "id": "5a6b244ea9e0c9001a4e9f04", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2003, Harding Earley Follmer & Frailey defended a client from a trademark dispute using the Archive's Wayback Machine. The attorneys were able to demonstrate that the claims made by the plaintiff were invalid, based on the content of their web site from several years prior. The plaintiff, Healthcare Advocates, then amended their complaint to include the Internet Archive, accusing the organization of copyright infringement as well as violations of the DMCA and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. Healthcare Advocates claimed that, since they had installed a robots.txt file on their web site, even if after the initial lawsuit was filed, the Archive should have removed all previous copies of the plaintiff web site from the Wayback Machine. The lawsuit was settled out of court."}], ["Pada bulan Disember 2005, aktivis Suzanne Shell memfailkan tuntutan menuntut Internet Archive membayar AS $ 100,000 untuk mengarkibkan laman webnya profane-justice.org antara 1999 dan 2004. Internet Archive memfailkan tindakan penghakiman pengisytiharan di Mahkamah Daerah Amerika Syarikat untuk Daerah Utara California pada 20 Januari 2006, mencari penentuan kehakiman bahawa Arkib Internet tidak melanggar hak cipta Shell. Shell bertindak balas dan membawa kaunter balas terhadap Internet Archive untuk mengarkibkan laman webnya, yang dikatakannya adalah melanggar syarat perkhidmatannya. Pada 13 Februari 2007, seorang hakim bagi Mahkamah Daerah Amerika Syarikat untuk Daerah Colorado menolak semua tuntutan balas kecuali melanggar kontrak. Arkib Internet tidak bergerak untuk menolak tuntutan pelanggaran hak cipta Shell menegaskan yang timbul daripada aktiviti penyalinannya, yang juga akan diteruskan. <> Siapa yang menyaman Arkib Internet pada tahun 2005? || Suzanne Shell <> Apakah URL yang dimiliki oleh Suzanne Shell? || profane-justice.org <> Dalam bidang kuasa apa yang diajukan oleh arsip Internet Archive? || Daerah Utara California <> Dalam apa bidang kuasa di mana pengakuan balas dibatalkan oleh mahkamah? || Daerah Colorado <> Siapa yang menyaman Arkib Internet pada tahun 2004? || <> Apakah URL yang dimiliki oleh Arkib Internet? || <> Dalam bidang kuasa apa yang telah diajukan oleh Suzanne Shell? || <> Dalam bidang kuasa apakah tuntutan yang dibatalkan oleh mahkamah? || <> Bilakah Suzanne Shell memfailkan tindakan penghakiman pengisytiharan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who sued Internet Archive in 2005?", "id": "56ddd8849a695914005b960c", "answers": [{"text": "Suzanne Shell", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the URL owned by Suzanne Shell?", "id": "56ddd8849a695914005b960d", "answers": [{"text": "profane-justice.org", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what jurisdiction were Internet Archive's counterclaims filed?", "id": "56ddd8849a695914005b960f", "answers": [{"text": "Northern District of California", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what jurisdiction where counterclaims nullified by the court?", "id": "56ddd8849a695914005b9610", "answers": [{"text": "District of Colorado", "answer_start": 634}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Suzanne Shell", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "Who sued Internet Archive in 2004?", "id": "5a6b2b06a9e0c9001a4e9f1c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "profane-justice.org", "answer_start": 126}], "question": "What was the URL owned by the Internet Archive?", "id": "5a6b2b06a9e0c9001a4e9f1d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Northern District of California", "answer_start": 266}], "question": "In what jurisdiction was Suzanne Shell's counterclaims filed?", "id": "5a6b2b06a9e0c9001a4e9f1e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "District of Colorado", "answer_start": 634}], "question": "In what jurisdiction were claims nullified by the court?", "id": "5a6b2b06a9e0c9001a4e9f1f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "January 20, 2006", "answer_start": 301}], "question": "When did Suzanne Shell file a declaratory judgment action?", "id": "5a6b2b06a9e0c9001a4e9f20", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In December 2005, activist Suzanne Shell filed suit demanding Internet Archive pay her US $100,000 for archiving her web site profane-justice.org between 1999 and 2004. Internet Archive filed a declaratory judgment action in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on January 20, 2006, seeking a judicial determination that Internet Archive did not violate Shell's copyright. Shell responded and brought a countersuit against Internet Archive for archiving her site, which she alleges is in violation of her terms of service. On February 13, 2007, a judge for the United States District Court for the District of Colorado dismissed all counterclaims except breach of contract. The Internet Archive did not move to dismiss copyright infringement claims Shell asserted arising out of its copying activities, which would also go forward."}]], [["Semasa Zaman Emas Belanda pada akhir abad ke-16 dan seterusnya, Republik Belanda menguasai perdagangan dunia pada abad ke-17, menaklukkan sebuah empayar kolonial yang luas dan mengendalikan kumpulan pedagang terbesar di mana-mana negara. County Holland adalah wilayah terkaya dan paling urbanisasi di dunia. <> Republik Belanda menguasai perdagangan dunia pada masa apa? || Zaman Emas Belanda <> Apakah kawasan paling kaya dan paling urbanisasi di dunia pada abad ke-17? || County Holland <> Kapan negara Belanda menguasai perdagangan dunia? || <> Apakah status Zaman Emas Belanda berbanding dengan dunia? || <> Semasa abad ke 17 apa yang menakluk Belanda? || <> Apa jenis armada yang dilakukan Belanda pada abad ke-17? || <> Apa armada perdagangan yang terkaya dan paling urbanized? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The Dutch Republic dominated world trade during what time?", "id": "56dddfe89a695914005b9632", "answers": [{"text": "the Dutch Golden Age", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world during the 17th century?", "id": "56dddfe89a695914005b9633", "answers": [{"text": "The County of Holland", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in the 17th century", "answer_start": 102}], "question": "When did the country of Holland dominate world trade?", "id": "5a1cbf334ea40d0018b06ef3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world", "answer_start": 245}], "question": "What was the status of the Dutch Golden Age compared to the world?", "id": "5a1cbf334ea40d0018b06ef4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a vast colonial empire", "answer_start": 134}], "question": "During the 17th century what did Holland conquer?", "id": "5a1cbf334ea40d0018b06ef5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the largest fleet of merchantmen of any nation", "answer_start": 171}], "question": "What kind of fleet did Holland have in the 17th century?", "id": "5a1cbf334ea40d0018b06ef6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "County of Holland", "answer_start": 223}], "question": "What trade fleet was the wealthiest and most urbanized?", "id": "5a1cbf334ea40d0018b06ef7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During the Dutch Golden Age in the late 16th century onward, the Dutch Republic dominated world trade in the 17th century, conquering a vast colonial empire and operating the largest fleet of merchantmen of any nation. The County of Holland was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world."}], ["Antara tahun 1590-1712, Belanda juga memiliki salah satu tentera laut paling kuat dan terpantas di dunia, yang membolehkan penaklukan mereka yang beragam termasuk memecahkan pengaruh Portugis di Lautan Hindi dan di Timur, serta perdagangan hamba yang menguntungkan dari Afrika dan Pasifik. <> Belanda mempunyai salah satu tentera laut paling kuat dan terpantas di dunia pada masa apa? || 1590-1712 <> Belanda mengendalikan perdagangan hamba dari mana lokasi? || Afrika dan Pasifik <> Apa salah satu penaklukan Tentera Laut Belanda? || memecahkan pengaruh Portugis di Lautan Hindi dan di Timur <Dari lokasi manakah Portugis mengendalikan perdagangan hamba? || <> Bilakah Portugis mempunyai tentera laut yang kuat dan pantas? || <> Apa yang dipatahkan oleh Afrika di Lautan Hindi dan di Timur? || <> Di manakah angkatan laut Belanda terletak? || <> Semasa apa tempoh masa Afrika memecah pengaruh Portugis? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The Dutch had one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world during what time?", "id": "56dde2609a695914005b964a", "answers": [{"text": "1590\u20131712", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Dutch operated a slave trade from which locations?", "id": "56dde2609a695914005b964b", "answers": [{"text": "Africa and the Pacific", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was one of the conquests of the Dutch Navy?", "id": "56dde2609a695914005b964c", "answers": [{"text": "breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "from Africa and the Pacific", "answer_start": 261}], "question": "From what location did the Portugese operate a slave trade?", "id": "5a1cc2cd4ea40d0018b06f07", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Between 1590\u20131712", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "When did the Portugese have a strong and fast navy?", "id": "5a1cc2cd4ea40d0018b06f08", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Portuguese sphere of influence", "answer_start": 152}], "question": "What was broken by Africa on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient?", "id": "5a1cc2cd4ea40d0018b06f09", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Africa and the Pacific", "answer_start": 266}], "question": "Where was the Dutch navy located?", "id": "5a1cc2cd4ea40d0018b06f0a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Between 1590\u20131712", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "During what time period did Africa break Portugese influence?", "id": "5a1cc2cd4ea40d0018b06f0b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Between 1590\u20131712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific."}], ["Belanda memperoleh kemerdekaan dari Perancis pada tahun 1813. Dalam Perjanjian Anglo-Belanda pada 1814 nama-nama \"Wilayah Kerajaan Belanda\" dan \"United Netherlands\" digunakan. Pada tahun 1815, ia bergabung semula dengan Austria Belanda, Luxembourg dan Li\u00e8ge (\"wilayah selatan\") untuk menjadi Kerajaan Belanda, yang secara tidak rasmi dikenali sebagai Kerajaan United Kingdom, untuk mewujudkan negara penampan kuat di utara Perancis. Selepas Belgium dan Luksemburg menjadi bebas, negara itu secara tegas dikenali sebagai Kerajaan Belanda, kerana ia masih hari ini. <> Dalam tahun apakah Belanda mendapat kemerdekaan dari Perancis? || 1813 <> Apakah nama-nama yang digunakan dalam Perjanjian Anglo-Belanda tahun 1814? || \"United Provinces of the Netherlands\" dan \"United Netherlands\" <> Kerajaan Belanda dibentuk oleh negara mana? || Austria Belanda, Luxembourg dan Li\u00e8ge <> Bilakah Belgium mendapat semula kemerdekaan dari Perancis? || <> Apa nama yang diketahui oleh Luxembourg dalam Perjanjian Anglo-Belanda tahun 1814? || <> Kerajaan apa yang mencipta negeri penyangga utara Belgium? || <> Apa yang berlaku kepada Kerajaan United Kingdom selepas Perancis menjadi bebas? || <> Apakah perjanjian-perjanjian provinsi Selatan untuk Belanda? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the Netherlands gain independence from France?", "id": "56dddf3066d3e219004dad59", "answers": [{"text": "1813", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What names were used in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814?", "id": "56dddf3066d3e219004dad5a", "answers": [{"text": "\"United Provinces of the Netherlands\" and \"United Netherlands\"", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed by which countries?", "id": "56dddf3066d3e219004dad5b", "answers": [{"text": "Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Li\u00e8ge", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in 1813", "answer_start": 50}], "question": "When did Belgium regain independence from France?", "id": "5a1cbde04ea40d0018b06ee9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"United Provinces of the Netherlands\" and \"United Netherlands\"", "answer_start": 103}], "question": "What names were Luxembourg known by in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814?", "id": "5a1cbde04ea40d0018b06eea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Kingdom of the United Netherlands", "answer_start": 342}], "question": "What kingdom created a buffer state north of Belgium?", "id": "5a1cbde04ea40d0018b06eeb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the state became unequivocally known as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as it remains today.", "answer_start": 479}], "question": "What happened to the Kingdom of the United Netherlands after France became independent?", "id": "5a1cbde04ea40d0018b06eec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "In 1815 it was rejoined with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Li\u00e8ge (the \"Southern provinces\") to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands", "answer_start": 177}], "question": "What did the Southern provinces treaty accomplish for the Netherlands?", "id": "5a1cbde04ea40d0018b06eed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Netherlands regained independence from France in 1813. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the names \"United Provinces of the Netherlands\" and \"United Netherlands\" were used. In 1815 it was rejoined with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Li\u00e8ge (the \"Southern provinces\") to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands, informally known as the Kingdom of the United Netherlands, to create a strong buffer state north of France. After Belgium and Luxembourg became independent, the state became unequivocally known as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as it remains today."}], ["Semangat perdagangan bebas pada masa itu telah mendapat pembesaran yang kukuh melalui pembangunan pasaran saham yang moden dan efektif di Negara-negara Rendah. Belanda mempunyai bursa saham tertua di dunia, yang diasaskan pada tahun 1602 oleh Syarikat Hindia Timur Belanda. Ketika Rotterdam mempunyai bursa tertua di Belanda, bursa saham dunia pertama - yang dari Syarikat Hindia Belanda-Belanda - dipublikasikan di enam kota yang berbeda. Kemudian, mahkamah memutuskan bahawa syarikat itu harus tinggal secara sah di sebuah bandar tunggal, jadi Amsterdam diiktiraf sebagai institusi tertua berdasarkan prinsip perdagangan moden. Walaupun sistem perbankan berkembang di Negara-negara Rendah, ia dengan cepat digabungkan oleh bahasa Inggeris yang disambungkan dengan baik, merangsang pengeluaran ekonomi Inggeris. <> Bilakah bursa saham diasaskan di Belanda? || 1602 <> Bandar manakah di Belanda mempunyai bursa saham tertua? || Rotterdam <> Syarikat Hindia Timur-India menghuni berapa bandar? || enam <> Bandar manakah Syarikat Belanda Timur-India memutuskan untuk tinggal di dalamnya selepas mahkamah memutuskan bahawa mereka hanya boleh beroperasi secara sah di satu bandar? || Amsterdam <> Bilakah bursa saham tertua diasaskan di England? || <> Apa pengadilan mengasaskan bursa saham di Belanda? || <> Di manakah semangat masa berkembang? || <> Siapa yang mengamalkan prinsip perdagangan moden yang merangsang ekonomi mereka? || <> Berapa banyak bandar yang didiami Negara Rendah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the stock exchange founded in the Netherlands?", "id": "56dde17c66d3e219004dad85", "answers": [{"text": "1602", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which city in the Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange?", "id": "56dde17c66d3e219004dad86", "answers": [{"text": "Rotterdam", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Dutch East-India Company inhabited how many cities?", "id": "56dde17c66d3e219004dad87", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which city did the Dutch East-India Company decide to reside in after a court decided they could legally only operate in one city?", "id": "56dde17c66d3e219004dad88", "answers": [{"text": "Amsterdam", "answer_start": 506}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in 1602", "answer_start": 215}], "question": "When was the oldest stock exchange founded in England?", "id": "5a1cc1574ea40d0018b06efd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Dutch East India Company", "answer_start": 226}], "question": "What court founded the stock exchange in the Netherlands?", "id": "5a1cc1574ea40d0018b06efe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in the Low Countries", "answer_start": 630}], "question": "Where did the spirit of the time evolve?", "id": "5a1cc1574ea40d0018b06eff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the well-connected English", "answer_start": 683}], "question": "Who adopted the modern trading principles that stimulated their economy?", "id": "5a1cc1574ea40d0018b06f00", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 403}], "question": "How many cities did the Low Countries inhabit?", "id": "5a1cc1574ea40d0018b06f01", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The free trade spirit of the time received a strong augmentation through the development of a modern, effective stock market in the Low Countries. The Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange in the world, founded in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company. While Rotterdam has the oldest bourse in the Netherlands, the world's first stock exchange \u2013 that of the Dutch East-India Company \u2013 went public in six different cities. Later, a court ruled that the company had to reside legally in a single city, so Amsterdam is recognized as the oldest such institution based on modern trading principles. While the banking system evolved in the Low Countries, it was quickly incorporated by the well-connected English, stimulating English economic output."}], ["Sehingga abad ke-16, Negara-negara Rendah - sama dengan Belanda, Belgium, dan Luksemburg - terdiri daripada beberapa duchies, daerah, dan putera-bishopric, yang hampir semuanya berada di bawah kekuasaan Empayar Rom Suci , dengan pengecualian daerah Flanders, yang berada di bawah Kerajaan Perancis. <> Negara-negara Rendah terdiri daripada negara-negara hari ini? || Belanda, Belgium, dan Luksemburg <> Yang mana di negara-negara Rendah yang tidak diperintah oleh Empayar Rom Suci? || Flanders <> Negara apakah yang dianggap sebahagian daripada negara-negara rendah selepas abad keenam belas? || <> Apa yang diperintah oleh Empayar Rom? || <> Empayar mana yang memerintah daerah Flanders? || <> Apa kerajaan adalah kekaisaran Romawi kudus? || <> Apa tiga negara di bawah Kerajaan Perancis? || <> Apakah Negara-negara Rendah di bawah Kerajaan Perancis terdiri daripada? || <> Daerah mana yang berada di bawah Empayar Rom Suci? || <> Sehingga abad apakah daerah Flanders adalah Negara Rendah? || <> Namakan satu jenis pemerintahan daerah Flanders ketika berada di bawah pemerintahan Empayar Rom Suci? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The Low Countries were made up of which present day countries?", "id": "56ddd84066d3e219004dad1f", "answers": [{"text": "Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which counties in the Low Countries were not ruled by the Holy Roman Empire?", "id": "56ddd84066d3e219004dad20", "answers": [{"text": "Flanders", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "present-day Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "What countries were considered part of the low countries after the sixteenth century?", "id": "5a11be2006e79900185c353f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a number of duchies, counties, and Prince-bishoprics,", "answer_start": 137}], "question": "What were ruled by the Roman Empire?", "id": "5a11be2006e79900185c3540", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Holy Roman Empire,", "answer_start": 243}], "question": "Which Empire ruled the county of Flanders?", "id": "5a11be2006e79900185c3541", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kingdom of France", "answer_start": 328}], "question": "What kingdom was a holy Roman empire under?", "id": "5a11be2006e79900185c3542", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "What three countries were under the Kingdom of France?", "id": "5a1c8751b4fb5d001871465e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a number of duchies, counties, and Prince-bishoprics", "answer_start": 137}], "question": "What did the Low Countries under the Kingdom of France consist of?", "id": "5a1c8751b4fb5d001871465f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Flanders", "answer_start": 298}], "question": "What county was under the Holy Roman Empire?", "id": "5a1c8751b4fb5d0018714660", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Until the 16th century", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Until what century was the county of Flanders part of the Low Countries?", "id": "5a1c8751b4fb5d0018714661", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Prince-bishoprics", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "Name one type of government the county of Flanders had when under the rule of the Holy Roman Empire?", "id": "5a1c8751b4fb5d0018714662", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Until the 16th century, the Low Countries \u2013 corresponding roughly to the present-day Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg \u2013 consisted of a number of duchies, counties, and Prince-bishoprics, almost all of which were under the supremacy of the Holy Roman Empire, with the exception of the county of Flanders, which was under the Kingdom of France."}], ["Republik-Kerajaan Amerika bertahan hingga satu siri revolusi republik pada 1783-1795 mencipta Republik Batavia. Dalam tempoh ini, pasukan republikan mengambil beberapa bandar utama di Belanda. Setelah mula melarikan diri, tentera-tentera monarki kembali dengan tentera British, Austria, dan Prusia dan mengalahkan Belanda. Pasukan republikan melarikan diri ke Perancis, tetapi kemudian berjaya menyerbu semula bersama tentera republik Perancis. Selepas Republik Perancis menjadi Empayar Perancis di bawah Napoleon, Republik Batavia digantikan oleh Kerajaan Napoleon Belanda. <> Apa peristiwa yang membuat Republik Batavia? || satu siri revolusi republik pada 1783-1795 <> Angkatan republik melarikan diri ke negara mana? || Perancis <> Kerajaan Belanda Napoleon menggantikan republik itu? || Republik Batavia <> Apa republik bermula dengan siri revolusi republik? || <> Apa yang dilakukan Republik Batavia dari tahun 1783 hingga 1795? || <> Dalam apa tempoh pasukan puak Republikan kehilangan beberapa bandar utama di Belanda? || <> Apakah Republik menggantikan Kerajaan Napoleon Belanda? || <> Siapa yang melarikan diri dari Perancis ke Belanda? || <> Apa yang berlaku yang menyebabkan penciptaan Republik Perancis? || <> Siapa yang kembali untuk merebut semula Republik Batavia? || <> Di mana pasukan Prusia melarikan diri? || <> Apakah Republik Perancis berada di bawah British? || <> Apa Kerajaan menggantikan pasukan monarkis di bawah Napoleon? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What events created the Batavian Republic?", "id": "56ddde4d66d3e219004dad53", "answers": [{"text": "a series of republican revolutions in 1783\u20131795", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The republican forces fled to which country?", "id": "56ddde4d66d3e219004dad54", "answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland replaced which republic?", "id": "56ddde4d66d3e219004dad55", "answers": [{"text": "the Batavian Republic", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Republic of the United Provinces", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What republic began with a series of republican revolutions?", "id": "5a11e57f6614be00188f247d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a series of republican revolutions", "answer_start": 50}], "question": "What did the Batavian Republic take part in from 1783 to 1795?", "id": "5a11e57f6614be00188f247e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Batavian Republic", "answer_start": 110}], "question": "During what period did Republican forces loose several major cities of the Netherlands?", "id": "5a11e57f6614be00188f247f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Batavian Republic", "answer_start": 527}], "question": "What Republic replaced the Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland?", "id": "5a11e57f6614be00188f2480", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The republican forces", "answer_start": 342}], "question": "Who fled from France to the Netherlands?", "id": "5a11e57f6614be00188f2481", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a series of republican revolutions in 1783\u20131795", "answer_start": 50}], "question": "What happened that led to the creation of the French Republic?", "id": "5a1cbbb84ea40d0018b06edf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "monarchist forces came back with British, Austrian, and Prussian troops", "answer_start": 242}], "question": "Who came back to retake the Batavian Republic?", "id": "5a1cbbb84ea40d0018b06ee0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 372}], "question": "Where did the Prussian forces flee to?", "id": "5a1cbbb84ea40d0018b06ee1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the French Empire", "answer_start": 489}], "question": "What did the French Republic become under the British?", "id": "5a1cbbb84ea40d0018b06ee2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland", "answer_start": 561}], "question": "What Kingdom replaced the monarchist forces under Napoleon?", "id": "5a1cbbb84ea40d0018b06ee3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Republic of the United Provinces lasted until a series of republican revolutions in 1783\u20131795 created the Batavian Republic. During this period, republican forces took several major cities of the Netherlands. After initially fleeing, the monarchist forces came back with British, Austrian, and Prussian troops and retook the Netherlands. The republican forces fled to France, but then successfully re-invaded alongside the army of the French republic. After the French Republic became the French Empire under Napoleon, the Batavian Republic was replaced by the Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland."}], ["Pada 1579 beberapa wilayah utara Negara Rendah menandatangani Kesatuan Utrecht, di mana mereka berjanji untuk menyokong satu sama lain dalam pertahanan mereka terhadap tentera Sepanyol. Ini diikuti pada 1581 oleh Akta Abjuration, pengisytiharan kemerdekaan wilayah dari Philip II. <> Pada tahun apakah persatuan Utrecht ditandatangani? || 1579 <> Siapa yang menandatangani Kesatuan Utrecht? || beberapa wilayah utara Negara Rendah <> Apakah perisytiharan kemerdekaan wilayah dari Philip II dipanggil? || Akta Abjurasi <> Pada tahun berapakah Akta Abjurasi ditandatangani? || 1581 <> Apa maksud Kesatuan Utrecht? || untuk menyokong satu sama lain dalam pertahanan mereka terhadap tentera Sepanyol <> Dalam tahun apakah negara-negara di bawah negara menandatangani Kesatuan Utrecht? || <> Siapa yang berjanji untuk saling membantu serangan tentera Sepanyol? || <> Siapa yang mengisytiharkan kemerdekaan mereka dari Philip II pada tahun 1579? || <> Siapa yang membuat Kesatuan Utrecht mengisytiharkan kemerdekaan dari? || <> Siapa yang telah berjanji untuk menyokong Akta Abjurasi? || <> Pada 1581 yang menandatangani Kesatuan Utrecht? || <> Apakah nama pengisytiharan kemerdekaan dari Negara-negara Rendah? || <> Apakah provinsi-provinsi Rendah Negara menjanjikan untuk menyokong satu sama lain terhadap Philip II? || <> Semasa tahun apakah perisytiharan kemerdekaan dari Sepanyol ditandatangani? || <> Siapa yang berjanji untuk menyokong satu sama lain ketika mempertahankan Philip II? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was the Union of Utrecht signed?", "id": "56dddb4466d3e219004dad37", "answers": [{"text": "1579", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who signed the Union of Utrecht?", "id": "56dddb4466d3e219004dad38", "answers": [{"text": "a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II called?", "id": "56dddb4466d3e219004dad39", "answers": [{"text": "the Act of Abjuration", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the Act of Abjuration signed?", "id": "56dddb4466d3e219004dad3a", "answers": [{"text": "1581", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the purpose of the Union of Utrecht?", "id": "56dddb4466d3e219004dad3b", "answers": [{"text": "to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1579", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "In what year did the provinces of the low countries sign the Union of Utrecht?", "id": "5a11c1fe06e79900185c3551", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "northern provinces of the Low Countries", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "Who promised to help each other attack the Spanish army?", "id": "5a11c1fe06e79900185c3552", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the northern provinces", "answer_start": 20}], "question": "Who declared their independence from Philip II in 1579?", "id": "5a11c1fe06e79900185c3553", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Philip II", "answer_start": 287}], "question": "Who did the Union of Utrecht declare independence from?", "id": "5a11c1fe06e79900185c3554", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "each other", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "Who did the provinces promise to support with the Act of Abjuration?", "id": "5a11c1fe06e79900185c3555", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries", "answer_start": 8}], "question": "In 1581 who signed the Union of Utrecht?", "id": "5a1cb8fe4ea40d0018b06ecb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Act of Abjuration", "answer_start": 210}], "question": "What was the name of the declaration of independence from the Low Countries?", "id": "5a1cb8fe4ea40d0018b06ecc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Union of Utrecht", "answer_start": 75}], "question": "What did Low Country provinces sign promising to support each other against Philip II?", "id": "5a1cb8fe4ea40d0018b06ecd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1581", "answer_start": 202}], "question": "During what year was the declaration of independence from the Spanish signed?", "id": "5a1cb8fe4ea40d0018b06ece", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries", "answer_start": 8}], "question": "Who promised to support each other while defending against Philip II?", "id": "5a1cb8fe4ea40d0018b06ecf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II."}], ["Kebanyakan Negara Rendah telah berada di bawah pemerintahan House of Burgundy dan seterusnya Dewan Habsburg. Pada 1549 Kaisar Rom Suci Charles V menerbitkan Sanat Pragmatik, yang seterusnya menyatukan Wilayah Seventeen di bawah pemerintahannya. Charles digantikan oleh anaknya, Raja Philip II dari Sepanyol. Pada tahun 1568, Belanda, yang diketuai oleh William I of Orange, memberontak terhadap Philip II kerana cukai yang tinggi, penganiayaan terhadap Protestan oleh kerajaan, dan usaha Philip untuk memodenkan dan memusatkan struktur kerajaan abad ke-abad yang telah diturunkan. Ini adalah permulaan Perang Lapan Puluh Tahun. <> Majoriti Negara Rendah diperintah oleh mana rumah-rumah? || House of Burgundy dan seterusnya House of Habsburg <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan Saran Pragmatik? || Maharaja Suci Rom Charles V <> Dalam tahun apakah Belanda bangkit melawan Philip II? || 1568 <> Mengapa rakyat Belanda bangkit menentang Philip II? || cukai yang tinggi, penganiayaan terhadap Protestan oleh kerajaan, dan usaha Philip untuk memodenkan dan memusatkan struktur pemerintahan abad pertengahan-kerajaan yang terbuang <> Negara-negara rendah memerintah kebanyakan dari dua buah rumah? || <> Apakah blok Charles V pada tahun 1549? || <> Apa lagi pecahan tujuh belas wilayah? || <> Bilakah Philip II menakluk Belanda? || <> Apa perang berakhir dengan pemberontakan yang diketuai oleh William I || <> Bilakah House of Burgundy mengeluarkan Sumbangan Pragmatik? || <> Apa yang sedang dimodernisasi struktur kerajaan lakukan kepada status Negara Rendah? || <> Bilakah pemberontakan House of Burgundy terhadap Philip II? || <> Nama dua sebab mengapa Negara-negara Rendah menentang Philip II? || <> Apa peristiwa yang bermula selepas pemberontakan yang dibiarkan oleh Raja Philip II dari Sepanyol? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The majority of the Low Countries were ruled by which houses?", "id": "56dddab666d3e219004dad2f", "answers": [{"text": "the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who issued the Pragmatic Sanction?", "id": "56dddab666d3e219004dad30", "answers": [{"text": "Holy Roman Emperor Charles V", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Netherlands rise up against Philip II?", "id": "56dddab666d3e219004dad31", "answers": [{"text": "1568", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did the people of the Netherlands rise up against Philip II?", "id": "56dddab666d3e219004dad32", "answers": [{"text": "high taxes, persecution of Protestants by the government, and Philip's efforts to modernize and centralize the devolved-medieval government structures of the provinces", "answer_start": 395}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg", "answer_start": 53}], "question": "The low countries ruled most of what two houses?", "id": "5a11c08c06e79900185c3547", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Pragmatic Sanction", "answer_start": 159}], "question": "What did Charles V block in 1549?", "id": "5a11c08c06e79900185c3548", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Pragmatic Sanction", "answer_start": 159}], "question": "What further fragment of the seventeen provinces?", "id": "5a11c08c06e79900185c3549", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1568", "answer_start": 307}], "question": "When did Philip II conquer the Netherlands?", "id": "5a11c08c06e79900185c354a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Eighty Years' War", "answer_start": 586}], "question": "What war ended with a revolt led by William I", "id": "5a11c08c06e79900185c354b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1549", "answer_start": 118}], "question": "When did the House of Burgundy issue the Pragmatic Sanction?", "id": "5a1c89fcb4fb5d001871468c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "unified the Seventeen Provinces", "answer_start": 197}], "question": "What did modernizing the government structures do to the Low Countries status?", "id": "5a1c89fcb4fb5d001871468d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1568", "answer_start": 307}], "question": "When did the House of Burgundy revolt against Philip II?", "id": "5a1c89fcb4fb5d001871468e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "high taxes, persecution of Protestants by the government", "answer_start": 395}], "question": "Name two reasons why the Low Countries turned against Philip II?", "id": "5a1c89fcb4fb5d001871468f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Eighty Years' War", "answer_start": 586}], "question": "What event started after the revolt let by King Philip II of Spain?", "id": "5a1c89fcb4fb5d0018714690", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Most of the Low Countries had come under the rule of the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg. In 1549 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which further unified the Seventeen Provinces under his rule. Charles was succeeded by his son, King Philip II of Spain. In 1568 the Netherlands, led by William I of Orange, revolted against Philip II because of high taxes, persecution of Protestants by the government, and Philip's efforts to modernize and centralize the devolved-medieval government structures of the provinces. This was the start of the Eighty Years' War."}], ["Republik Belanda, yang juga dikenali sebagai Republik Tujuh Negara Belanda (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden), Republik Belanda atau Republik Tujuh Wilayah Kerajaan (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Provinci\u00ebn), adalah sebuah republik di Eropah yang ada dari 1581 , ketika sebahagian dari Belanda berpisah dari pemerintahan Spanyol, hingga 1795. Ia mendahului Republik Batavia, Kerajaan Belanda, Kerajaan Belanda, dan akhirnya Kerajaan Belanda modern. Nama-nama alternatif termasuk Wilayah United (Verenigde Provinci\u00ebn), Wilayah Belanda yang Bersekutu (Foederatae Belgii Provinciae), dan Persekutuan Belanda (Belgica Foederata). <> Apa nama-nama lain yang diketahui oleh Republik Belanda? || Wilayah United (Verenigde Provinci\u00ebn), Wilayah Belanda yang bersekutu (Foederatae Belgii Provinciae), dan Persekutuan Belanda (Belgica Foederata) <> Republik Belanda adalah republik Eropah pada masa apa? || dari tahun 1581, ketika sebahagian daripada Belanda berpisah dari pemerintahan Spanyol, hingga 1795 <> Republik republik apa yang pernah terjadi sebelum ini? || Republik Batavia, Kerajaan Belanda, Kerajaan Belanda, dan akhirnya Kerajaan Belanda yang moden <> Apa yang juga dikenali sebagai Republik 17 Belanda? || <> Bilakah sebahagian dari Sepanyol berpisah dari Belanda? || <> Republika Batavian mendahului Republik lain? || <> Apakah Kerajaan Belanda yang kemudian dikenali sebagai? || <> Tahun berapa menandakan permulaan kewujudan Republik Sepanyol? || <> Apakah republik-republik apakah yang datang dari kerajaan Sepanyol? || <> Apa nama-nama lain yang diketahui oleh Republik Batvian? || <> Semasa apa tempoh Kerajaan Holland sebuah republik Eropah? || <> Namakan satu nama Republik Batvian yang juga dikenali sebagai? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are some other names the Dutch Republic is known by?", "id": "56ddd7179a695914005b9600", "answers": [{"text": "the United Provinces (Verenigde Provinci\u00ebn), Federated Dutch Provinces (Foederatae Belgii Provinciae), and Dutch Federation (Belgica Foederata)", "answer_start": 538}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Dutch Republic was a republic of Europe during what time?", "id": "56ddd7179a695914005b9601", "answers": [{"text": "from 1581, when part of the Netherlands separated from Spanish rule, until 1795", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What republics did the Dutch Republic come before?", "id": "56ddd7179a695914005b9602", "answers": [{"text": "Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and ultimately the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Dutch Republic", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is also known as the Republic of the seventeen United Netherlands?", "id": "5a11bc6f06e79900185c3537", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1581", "answer_start": 284}], "question": "When did part of Spain separate from the Netherlands?", "id": "5a11bc6f06e79900185c3538", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Dutch Republic", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "The Batavian Repulic preceded what other Republic?", "id": "5a11bc6f06e79900185c3539", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands", "answer_start": 376}], "question": "What was the Kingdom of the Netherlands later known as?", "id": "5a11bc6f06e79900185c353a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1581", "answer_start": 284}], "question": "What year marked the beginning of the existence of the Spanish Republic?", "id": "5a1c84fbb4fb5d0018714640", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and ultimately the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands.", "answer_start": 376}], "question": "What republics did the Spanish kingdom come before?", "id": "5a1c84fbb4fb5d0018714641", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the United Provinces (Verenigde Provinci\u00ebn), Federated Dutch Provinces (Foederatae Belgii Provinciae), and Dutch Federation (Belgica Foederata).", "answer_start": 538}], "question": "What are some other names the Batvian Republic is known by?", "id": "5a1c84fbb4fb5d0018714642", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "from 1581, when part of the Netherlands separated from Spanish rule, until 1795.", "answer_start": 279}], "question": "During what period was the Kingdom of Holland a republic of Europe?", "id": "5a1c84fbb4fb5d0018714643", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "Name one name the Batvian Republic is also known as?", "id": "5a1c84fbb4fb5d0018714644", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Dutch Republic, also known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden), Republic of the United Netherlands or Republic of the Seven United Provinces (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Provinci\u00ebn), was a republic in Europe existing from 1581, when part of the Netherlands separated from Spanish rule, until 1795. It preceded the Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and ultimately the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands. Alternative names include the United Provinces (Verenigde Provinci\u00ebn), Federated Dutch Provinces (Foederatae Belgii Provinciae), and Dutch Federation (Belgica Foederata)."}], ["Pada tahun 1582, Wilayah Amerika mengundang Francis, Duke of Anjou untuk memimpin mereka; tetapi selepas percubaan gagal untuk mengambil Antwerp pada tahun 1583, duke meninggalkan Belanda lagi. Selepas pembunuhan William of Orange (10 Julai 1584), kedua-dua Henry III dari Perancis dan Elizabeth I dari England menolak tawaran kedaulatan. Walau bagaimanapun, mereka bersetuju untuk menjadikan Wilayah-Wilayah Bersatu menjadi perlindungan negara England (Perjanjian Nonsuch, 1585), dan menghantar Earl of Leicester sebagai gabenor jeneral. Ini tidak berjaya dan pada tahun 1588 provinsi menjadi persekutuan. Kesatuan Utrecht dianggap sebagai asas Republik Republika Tujuh Kerajaan, yang tidak diiktiraf oleh Empayar Sepanyol sehingga Peace of Westphalia pada tahun 1648. <Tahun> berapa tahun di Wilayah Amerika mengundang Francis, Duke of Anjou memimpin mereka? || 1582 <> Pada tahun apakah Francis, Duke of Anjou meninggalkan Belanda? || 1583 <> Bilakah William of Orange dibunuh? || 10 Julai 1584 <<Siapa yang bersetuju untuk menjadikan Wilayah-wilayah United menjadi sebuah protektorat di England? || Elizabeth I <> Pada tahun berapakah Wilayah-wilayah United menjadi persekutuan? || 1588 <> Pada tahun apakah Dukun Anjou menakluki wilayah-wilayah United? || <> Siapa yang bercakap Antwerp pada tahun 1583? || <> Apa dua pemerintah memerangi wilayah-wilayah selepas pembunuhan William of Orange? || <> Perjanjian apa yang memberikan kedaulatan England ke wilayah-wilayah United? || <> Dalam tahun berapakah Empayar Sepanyol berhenti mengiktiraf Republik Tujuh Wilayah United? || <> Bilakah Duke of Anjou dibunuh? || <> Bilakah Henry III meninggalkan Belanda? || <> Bilakah Duke of Anjou menolak tawaran soverignty? || <> Siapa yang dihantar sebagai ketua umum kepada Empayar Sepanyol? || <> Apa yang dilakukan Henry III dengan Wilayah Amerika selepas William of Orange dibunuh? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the United Provinces invite Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them?", "id": "56dddd6766d3e219004dad41", "answers": [{"text": "1582", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Francis, Duke of Anjou leave the Netherlands?", "id": "56dddd6766d3e219004dad42", "answers": [{"text": "1583", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was William of Orange assassinated?", "id": "56dddd6766d3e219004dad43", "answers": [{"text": "10 July 1584", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who agreed to turn the United Provinces into a protectorate of England?", "id": "56dddd6766d3e219004dad44", "answers": [{"text": "Elizabeth I", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the United Provinces become a confederacy?", "id": "56dddd6766d3e219004dad45", "answers": [{"text": "1588", "answer_start": 506}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1582", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "In what year did the Duke of Anjou conquered the United provinces?", "id": "5a11c35a06e79900185c355b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Francis, Duke of Anjou", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "Who talk Antwerp in 1583?", "id": "5a11c35a06e79900185c355c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England", "answer_start": 229}], "question": "What two rulers fought over the provinces after the assassination of William of Orange?", "id": "5a11c35a06e79900185c355d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Treaty of Nonsuch", "answer_start": 399}], "question": "What treaty gave England sovereignty over the United provinces?", "id": "5a11c35a06e79900185c355e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1648", "answer_start": 725}], "question": "In what year did the Spanish Empire stopped recognizing the Republic of the Seven United Provinces?", "id": "5a11c35a06e79900185c355f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10 July 1584", "answer_start": 209}], "question": "When was the Duke of Anjou assassinated?", "id": "5a1cba7b4ea40d0018b06ed5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "When did Henry III leave the Netherlands?", "id": "5a1cba7b4ea40d0018b06ed6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "After the assassination of William of Orange (10 July 1584)", "answer_start": 163}], "question": "When did the Duke of Anjou decline an offer of soverignty?", "id": "5a1cba7b4ea40d0018b06ed7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Earl of Leicester", "answer_start": 434}], "question": "Who was sent as governer-general to the Spanish Empire?", "id": "5a1cba7b4ea40d0018b06ed8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "agreed to turn the United Provinces into a protectorate of England", "answer_start": 331}], "question": "What did Henry III do with the United Provinces  after William of Orange was assassinated?", "id": "5a1cba7b4ea40d0018b06ed9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583, the duke left the Netherlands again. After the assassination of William of Orange (10 July 1584), both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England declined the offer of sovereignty. However, the latter agreed to turn the United Provinces into a protectorate of England (Treaty of Nonsuch, 1585), and sent the Earl of Leicester as governor-general. This was unsuccessful and in 1588 the provinces became a confederacy. The Union of Utrecht is regarded as the foundation of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces, which was not recognized by the Spanish Empire until the Peace of Westphalia in 1648."}], ["Negara-negara Amerika Serikat menguasai Perusahaan Hindia Timur Belanda (VOC) dan Belanda Barat India (WIC), tetapi beberapa ekspedisi pengiriman dimulakan oleh beberapa provinsi, sebagian besar Belanda dan / atau Zeeland. <> Siapa yang mengawal Syarikat Hindia Timur Belanda (VOC) dan Syarikat Hindia Belanda Belanda (WIC)? || Negara-negara Jeneral Amerika Serikat <<Beberapa ekspedisi pengiriman sebagian besar dimulakan oleh mana provinsi? || Holland dan / atau Zeeland <> Apa syarikat ekspedisi penghantaran di dalam kawalan? || <> Kumpulan apa yang mengawal Holland dan Zeeland? || <> Apa yang dimulakan VOC dan WIC? || <> Apakah Holland dan Zeeland dalam kawalan? || <> Apa usaha yang dimulakan oleh VOC dan WIC? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC)?", "id": "56dde98866d3e219004daded", "answers": [{"text": "The States General of the United Provinces", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some shipping expeditions were mostly initiated by which provinces?", "id": "56dde98866d3e219004dadee", "answers": [{"text": "Holland and/or Zeeland", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC)", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "What companies were the shipping expedition in control of?", "id": "5a1cd1454ea40d0018b06f43", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The States General of the United Provinces", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What group was in control of Holland and Zeeland?", "id": "5a1cd1454ea40d0018b06f44", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "some shipping expeditions", "answer_start": 141}], "question": "What did the VOC and WIC initiate?", "id": "5a1cd1454ea40d0018b06f45", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC)", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "What were Holland and Zeeland in control of?", "id": "5a1cd1454ea40d0018b06f46", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "some shipping expeditions", "answer_start": 141}], "question": "What endeavor was started by the VOC and the WIC?", "id": "5a1cd1454ea40d0018b06f47", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The States General of the United Provinces were in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC), but some shipping expeditions were initiated by some of the provinces, mostly Holland and/or Zeeland."}], ["Terdapat perjuangan kuasa yang berterusan antara Orangists, yang menyokong stadtholders dan khususnya putera-puteran Orange, dan Republikan, yang menyokong Negara-Negara Jeneral dan berharap untuk menggantikan sifat separuh keturunan dari stadtholdership dengan struktur republik yang benar. <> Apa kumpulan orang yang menyokong stadtholders, terutama putera Orange? || Orang yang <<Siapa yang mahu menggantikan stadtholders dengan struktur republik? || Republikan <> Apa yang kaum Orang mahu menggantikan dalam perjuangan kuasa? || <> Apa konflik yang ada antara stadtholders dan Orangists? || <> Apa sistem pemerintahan yang digunakan sekarang yang ingin dilindungi oleh Republikan? || <> Apa yang diharapkan oleh stadtholders untuk menggantikan sistem semasa? || <> Apakah sifat struktur republik sebenar? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What group of people supported the stadtholders, particularly the princes of Orange?", "id": "56dde7cc66d3e219004dadcd", "answers": [{"text": "Orangists", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wanted to replace the stadtholders with a republican structure?", "id": "56dde7cc66d3e219004dadce", "answers": [{"text": "Republicans", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the semi-hereditary nature of the stadtholdership", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "What did the Orangists want to replace in the power struggle?", "id": "5a1ccdcf4ea40d0018b06f2f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a constant power struggle", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "What conflict was there between the stadtholders and the Orangists?", "id": "5a1ccdcf4ea40d0018b06f30", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the stadtholders", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "What currently used system of governance did the Republicans want to protect?", "id": "5a1ccdcf4ea40d0018b06f31", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a true republican structure", "answer_start": 260}], "question": "What did the stadtholders hope to replace the current system with?", "id": "5a1ccdcf4ea40d0018b06f32", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "semi-hereditary nature", "answer_start": 209}], "question": "What was the nature of the true republican structure?", "id": "5a1ccdcf4ea40d0018b06f33", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There was a constant power struggle between the Orangists, who supported the stadtholders and specifically the princes of Orange, and the Republicans, who supported the States General and hoped to replace the semi-hereditary nature of the stadtholdership with a true republican structure."}], ["Secara teorinya, stadtholder telah dilantik secara bebas dan bawahan ke negeri masing-masing wilayah. Walau bagaimanapun, dalam praktiknya, putera-putera Orange House of Orange-Nassau, yang bermula dengan William the Silent, selalu dipilih sebagai stadtholders dari kebanyakan wilayah. Zeeland dan biasanya Utrecht mempunyai stadtholder yang sama seperti Belanda. <> Siapa yang menunjuk stadtholders? || negeri masing-masing <> yang selalu dipilih sebagai stadtholders dari kebanyakan wilayah? || para putera Oranye Rumah Orange-Nassau, bermula dengan William the Silent <> Negara mana yang mempunyai stadtholder yang sama seperti Belanda? || Zeeland dan biasanya Utrecht <> Apakah dua perkara yang mentakrifkan putera dalam teori? || <> Siapa yang melantik para putera Orange? || <> Siapa yang mempunyai putera yang sama seperti Belanda? || <> Siapa yang bawahan ke Zeeland dan Utrecht? || <> Apa yang dipilih oleh Zeeland dan Utrecht? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who appointed the stadtholders?", "id": "56dde72f66d3e219004dadbd", "answers": [{"text": "the states of each province", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces?", "id": "56dde72f66d3e219004dadbe", "answers": [{"text": "the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which states had the same stadtholder as Holland?", "id": "56dde72f66d3e219004dadbf", "answers": [{"text": "Zeeland and usually Utrecht", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province", "answer_start": 28}], "question": "What are two things that define the princes in theory?", "id": "5a1cca774ea40d0018b06f25", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the states of each province", "answer_start": 72}], "question": "Who appointed the princes of Orange?", "id": "5a1cca774ea40d0018b06f26", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zeeland and usually Utrecht", "answer_start": 271}], "question": "Who had the same princes as Holland?", "id": "5a1cca774ea40d0018b06f27", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the stadtholders", "answer_start": 11}], "question": "Who was subordinate to Zeeland and Utrecht?", "id": "5a1cca774ea40d0018b06f28", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "stadtholders of most of the provinces", "answer_start": 232}], "question": "What were Zeeland and Utrecht always chosen as?", "id": "5a1cca774ea40d0018b06f29", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadtholder as Holland."}], ["Pada tahun-tahun pertama Republik, kontroversi timbul dalam Gereja Reformed, terutamanya sekitar subjek predestinasi. Ini telah dikenal sebagai perjuangan antara Arminianisme dan Gomarisme, atau antara Remonstrants dan Contra-Remonstrants. Pada tahun 1618, Synod of Dort menangani isu ini, yang membawa kepada penolakan iman Remaja. <> Apakah subjek utama kontroversi yang timbul dalam Gereja Reformasi semasa permulaan Republik? || predestinasi <> Kontroversi yang mengelilingi subjek predestinasi dikenali sebagai apa? || perjuangan antara Arminianisme dan Gomarisme, atau antara Remonstrants dan Contra-Remonstrants <> Apa yang menyebabkan pembatalan iman Remaja pada tahun 1618? || Synod of Dort <> Bilakah terdapat kontroversi dalam Synod of Dort? || <> Di manakah kontroversi muncul sekitar mengharamkan iman Remonstrat? || <> Kumpulan apa yang menyebabkan pengharaman subjek predestinasi? || <> Apakah perbezaan pendapat tentang Synod of Dort yang dikenali sebagai? || <> Pada 1618 Bagaimana Gereja Reformasi membantu menyelesaikan kontroversi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the main subject of controversy that arose within the Reformed Church during the beginning of the Republic?", "id": "56ddf1189a695914005b96fc", "answers": [{"text": "predestination", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The controversy surrounding the subject of predestination is known as what?", "id": "56ddf1189a695914005b96fd", "answers": [{"text": "the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism, or between Remonstrants and Contra-Remonstrants", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What led to the banning of the Remonstrant faith in 1618?", "id": "56ddf1189a695914005b96fe", "answers": [{"text": "the Synod of Dort", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "In the first years of the Republic", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "When was there controversy within the Synod of Dort?", "id": "5a1ce09f4ea40d0018b06f6b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "within the Reformed Church", "answer_start": 54}], "question": "Where did controversy appear around banning of the Remonstrat faith?", "id": "5a1ce09f4ea40d0018b06f6c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Synod of Dort", "answer_start": 256}], "question": "What group lead to the banning of the subject of predestination?", "id": "5a1ce09f4ea40d0018b06f6d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism, or between Remonstrants and Contra-Remonstrants.", "answer_start": 152}], "question": "What did disagreement about the Synod of Dort become known as?", "id": "5a1ce09f4ea40d0018b06f6e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "banning of the Remonstrant faith", "answer_start": 311}], "question": "In 1618 How did the Reformed Church help solve the controversy?", "id": "5a1ce09f4ea40d0018b06f6f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the first years of the Republic, controversy arose within the Reformed Church, mainly around the subject of predestination. This has become known as the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism, or between Remonstrants and Contra-Remonstrants. In 1618 the Synod of Dort tackled this issue, which led to the banning of the Remonstrant faith."}], ["Republikan adalah gabungan dari tujuh wilayah, yang mempunyai pemerintahan mereka sendiri dan sangat independen, dan sebilangan tanah yang dipanggil Generalisasi. Yang terakhir ditadbir secara langsung oleh Ketua Umum Negara (Staten-Generaal dalam bahasa Belanda), pemerintah persekutuan. Jeneral Amerika duduk di The Hague dan terdiri dari wakil-wakil dari tujuh provinsi. Wilayah republik itu, dalam perintah feodal rasmi: <> Republik Belanda terdiri dari berapa wilayah? || tujuh <> Siapakah Tanah Umum yang ditadbir oleh? || Negara-negara Amerika (Staten-Generaal dalam bahasa Belanda), kerajaan persekutuan <> Amerika Serikat terdiri dari apa? || wakil-wakil dari setiap tujuh provinsi <> Dalam susunan apa yang disusun The Hague? || <> Apa penyatuan kerajaan persekutuan? || <> Berapa banyak kerajaan yang merangkumi Republik Belanda? || <> Apakah perintah feudal yang dibuat? || <> Dimana kerajaan persekutuan duduk? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The Dutch Republic consisted of how many provinces?", "id": "56dde4699a695914005b9666", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were the Generality Lands governed by?", "id": "56dde4699a695914005b9667", "answers": [{"text": "the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The States General was made up of what?", "id": "56dde4699a695914005b9668", "answers": [{"text": "representatives of each of the seven provinces", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in official feudal order", "answer_start": 409}], "question": "In what order was The Hague arranged?", "id": "5a1cc6414ea40d0018b06f11", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The republic", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What was a confederation of the federal government?", "id": "5a1cc6414ea40d0018b06f12", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 36}], "question": "How many governments did the Dutch Republic consist of?", "id": "5a1cc6414ea40d0018b06f13", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "representatives of each of the seven provinces", "answer_start": 325}], "question": "What was the feudal order made up of?", "id": "5a1cc6414ea40d0018b06f14", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Hague", "answer_start": 298}], "question": "Where was the federal government seated?", "id": "5a1cc6414ea40d0018b06f15", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The republic was a confederation of seven provinces, which had their own governments and were very independent, and a number of so-called Generality Lands. The latter were governed directly by the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government. The States General were seated in The Hague and consisted of representatives of each of the seven provinces. The provinces of the republic were, in official feudal order:"}], ["Selepas Peace of Westphalia, beberapa wilayah sempadan ditugaskan ke Wilayah-Wilayah Amerika. Mereka adalah Tanah Umum yang dikuasai oleh Persekutuan (Generaliteitslanden). Mereka adalah Staats-Brabant (sekarang Brabant Utara), Staats-Vlaanderen (sekarang Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (sekitar Maastricht) dan Staats-Oppergelre (sekitar Venlo, selepas 1715). <> Beberapa wilayah sempadan telah ditetapkan ke Wilayah Amerika selepas apa? || Perdamaian Westphalia <> Wilayah sempadan yang ditugaskan ke Wilayah United dikenali sebagai apa? || tanah umum yang dikuasai oleh federal (Generaliteitslanden) <> Apakah nama-nama wilayah sempadan yang diberikan kepada Wilayah Amerika? || Staats-Brabant (sekarang Brabant Utara), Staats-Vlaanderen (sekarang Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (sekitar Maastricht) dan Staats-Oppergelre (sekitar Venlo, selepas 1715) || <> Apakah Maastricht ditugaskan ke Wilayah Amerika yang dikenali sebagai? || <> Apakah satu nama Staats-Brabant yang ditugaskan ke Wilayah United? || <> Bilakah beberapa wilayah sempadan yang diberikan kepada Staats-Oppergelre? || <> Apa Maastricht yang dikendalikan oleh federasi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Several border territories were designated to the United Provinces after what?", "id": "56dde8ce66d3e219004dadd9", "answers": [{"text": "the Peace of Westphalia", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The border territories assigned to the United Provinces were known as what?", "id": "56dde8ce66d3e219004dadda", "answers": [{"text": "federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden)", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the names of the border territories assigned to the United Provinces?", "id": "56dde8ce66d3e219004daddb", "answers": [{"text": "Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre (around Venlo, after 1715)", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "several border territories", "answer_start": 31}], "question": "In 1715 what was assigned to the United Provinces?", "id": "5a1ccfae4ea40d0018b06f39", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden).", "answer_start": 107}], "question": "What was the Maastricht assigned to the United Provinces known as?", "id": "5a1ccfae4ea40d0018b06f3a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Staats-Limburg", "answer_start": 263}], "question": "What is one name of a Staats-Brabant assigned to the United Provinces?", "id": "5a1ccfae4ea40d0018b06f3b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "After the Peace of Westphalia", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "When were several border territories assigned to the Staats-Oppergelre?", "id": "5a1ccfae4ea40d0018b06f3c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "several border territories", "answer_start": 31}], "question": "What was federally-governed Maastricht?", "id": "5a1ccfae4ea40d0018b06f3d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "After the Peace of Westphalia, several border territories were assigned to the United Provinces. They were federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden). They were Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre (around Venlo, after 1715)."}], ["Sebenarnya, terdapat wilayah kelapan, County Drenthe, tetapi kawasan ini sangat miskin, ia dikecualikan daripada membayar cukai persekutuan dan sebagai akibatnya ditolak perwakilan di Amerika Syarikat. Setiap wilayah ditadbir oleh Negeri-Negeri Provinsi, pegawai eksekutif utama (walaupun bukan ketua rasmi negara) adalah seorang pengadil. Pada masa perang, stadtholder, yang memerintahkan tentera, akan mempunyai lebih banyak kuasa berbanding raadspensionaris. <> Apa wilayah Republik Belanda ke-8? || County Drenthe <> Mengapa County Drenthe menafikan perwakilan oleh Negara Jeneral? || kawasan ini sangat miskin ia dikecualikan daripada membayar cukai persekutuan <> Pejabat eksekutif utama Negeri-negeri Provinsi dipanggil apa? || raadspensionaris <> Siapa yang mempunyai kuasa lebih banyak pada masa perang berbanding raadspensionaris? || orang yang memerintahkan pasukannya? || stadtholder <> Apa yang dikecualikan oleh Ketua Negeri? || <> Apakah pihak yang ditolak oleh pengecualian cukai? || <> Apakah setiap raadspensionaris yang ditadbir oleh? || <> Pada masa perang, jenis kuasa apa yang ada di County Drenthe? || <> Siapa yang memerintahkan perwakilan di Amerika Syarikat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the 8th province of the Dutch Republic?", "id": "56dde54066d3e219004dadb3", "answers": [{"text": "the County of Drenthe", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why was the County of Drenthe denied representation by the States General?", "id": "56dde54066d3e219004dadb4", "answers": [{"text": "this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The main executive official of the Provincial States was called what?", "id": "56dde54066d3e219004dadb5", "answers": [{"text": "raadspensionaris", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who had more power during times of war than the raadspensionaris?", "id": "56dde54066d3e219004dadb6", "answers": [{"text": "the stadtholder", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who commanded the army?", "id": "56dde54066d3e219004dadb7", "answers": [{"text": "the stadtholder", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "paying federal taxes", "answer_start": 107}], "question": "What was the State General exempt from?", "id": "5a1cc7914ea40d0018b06f1b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "representation in the States General", "answer_start": 160}], "question": "What was the stateholder denied by its tax exemption?", "id": "5a1cc7914ea40d0018b06f1c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Provincial States", "answer_start": 232}], "question": "What was each raadspensionaris governed by?", "id": "5a1cc7914ea40d0018b06f1d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "more power than the raadspensionaris", "answer_start": 412}], "question": "In wartime, what type of power did the County of Drenthe have?", "id": "5a1cc7914ea40d0018b06f1e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the stadtholder", "answer_start": 360}], "question": "Who commanded the representation in the States General?", "id": "5a1cc7914ea40d0018b06f1f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In fact, there was an eighth province, the County of Drenthe, but this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence was denied representation in the States General. Each province was governed by the Provincial States, the main executive official (though not the official head of state) was a raadspensionaris. In times of war, the stadtholder, who commanded the army, would have more power than the raadspensionaris."}], ["Di Kesatuan Utrecht pada 20 Januari 1579, Belanda dan Zeeland telah diberi hak untuk menerima hanya satu agama (dalam praktik, Calvinisme). Setiap wilayah lain mempunyai kebebasan untuk mengatur persoalan agama seperti yang dikehendaki, walaupun Kesatuan menyatakan setiap orang harus bebas dalam memilih agama pribadi dan tidak ada orang yang harus didakwa berdasarkan pilihan agama. William of Orange telah menjadi penyokong kuat kebebasan awam dan peribadi agama dan berharap untuk menyatukan Protestan dan Katolik dalam kesatuan baru, dan, baginya, Kesatuan itu adalah kekalahan. Dalam praktiknya, perkhidmatan Katolik di semua wilayah telah dilarang dengan cepat, dan Gereja Reformed menjadi gereja \"awam\" atau \"istimewa\" di Republik. <> Apa yang memberi Holland dan Zeeland hak untuk menerima hanya satu agama? || Kesatuan Utrecht pada 20 Januari 1579 <> Apakah kesatuan menyatakan bahawa setiap orang harus bebas memilih? || agama peribadi <> Siapa penyokong kuat kebebasan beragama dan ingin menyatukan Protestan dan Katolik dalam kesatuan baru? || William of Orange <> Apa yang dilarang di semua wilayah? || Perkhidmatan Katolik <> Bilakah setiap wilayah lain hanya dibenarkan menerima Calvinisme dalam amalan? || <> Bagaimana William of Orange berharap untuk menyatukan Belanda dan Zeeland? || <> Apa soalan agama yang dilarang di bawah kesatuan? || <> Apa yang dikatakan Calvinisme bahawa setiap orang harus bebas memilih? || <> Kumpulan apa yang menjadi penyokong kuat di republik itu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What granted Holland and Zeeland the right to accept only one religion?", "id": "56ddee0866d3e219004dae1d", "answers": [{"text": "the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Union state that every person should be free to choose?", "id": "56ddee0866d3e219004dae1e", "answers": [{"text": "personal religion", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was a strong supporter of freedom of religion and wanted to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union?", "id": "56ddee0866d3e219004dae1f", "answers": [{"text": "William of Orange", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was forbidden in all provinces?", "id": "56ddee0866d3e219004dae20", "answers": [{"text": "Catholic services", "answer_start": 586}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "When was every other province only permitted to accept Calvinism in practice?", "id": "5a1cd75a4ea40d0018b06f57", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in the new union", "answer_start": 517}], "question": "How did William of Orange hope to unite Holland and Zeeland?", "id": "5a1cd75a4ea40d0018b06f58", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Catholic", "answer_start": 586}], "question": "What religious questions were forbidden under the union?", "id": "5a1cd75a4ea40d0018b06f59", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "personal religion", "answer_start": 298}], "question": "What did Calvinism state that everyone should be free to choose?", "id": "5a1cd75a4ea40d0018b06f5a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Reformed Church", "answer_start": 649}], "question": "What group became the strong supporter in the republic?", "id": "5a1cd75a4ea40d0018b06f5b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion (in practice, Calvinism). Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and that no person should be prosecuted based on religious choice. William of Orange had been a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion and hoped to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union, and, for him, the Union was a defeat. In practice, Catholic services in all provinces were quickly forbidden, and the Reformed Church became the \"public\" or \"privileged\" church in the Republic."}], ["The framers Perlembagaan AS dipengaruhi oleh Perlembagaan Republik Amerika Serikat, sebagai Federalist No. 20, oleh James Madison, menunjukkan. Walau bagaimanapun, pengaruhnya itu telah menjadi negatif, sebagaimana Madison menggambarkan konfederasi Belanda sebagai memperlihatkan \"Ketidaksuburan dalam kerajaan, perselisihan di antara wilayah-wilayah, pengaruh asing dan kemunduran, kewujudan yang tidak menentu dalam damai, dan bencana aneh dari peperangan. \" Selain itu, Deklarasi Kemerdekaan Amerika adalah serupa dengan Akta Abjurasi, pada dasarnya pengisytiharan kemerdekaan Wilayah-Wilayah Amerika, tetapi bukti konkrit bahawa bekas yang secara langsung mempengaruhi mereka tidak hadir. <> Siapa yang dipengaruhi oleh Perlembagaan Republik Wilayah United? || The framers of the US Constitution <> Who described the confederacy of Belanda as exhibiting \"Imbecility in government, discord among provinces, influence of foreign and indignities, existence precarious in peace, and calamities peculiar of war.\" || James Madison <> Deklarasi Kemerdekaan Amerika mirip dengan apa? || Akta Abjurasi, pada dasarnya pengisytiharan kemerdekaan Wilayah-wilayah United <> Yang dipengaruhi oleh Akta Abjurasi? || <> Apa yang menunjukkan kerangka Perlembagaan AS dipengaruhi oleh konfederasi Belanda? || <> Apakah satu ciri James Madison menyebutkan pertunjukan Provinsi United? || <> Apa yang serupa dengan Federalist No. 20? || <> Jenis pengaruh apa yang telah dilakukan oleh bencana perang Amerika di atas perlembagaan AS? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces?", "id": "56ddecfe66d3e219004dae17", "answers": [{"text": "The framers of the US Constitution", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who described the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting \"Imbecility in the government; discord among the provinces; foreign influence and indignities; a precarious existence in peace, and peculiar calamities from war.\"", "id": "56ddecfe66d3e219004dae18", "answers": [{"text": "James Madison", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The American Declaration of Independence is similar to what?", "id": "56ddecfe66d3e219004dae19", "answers": [{"text": "the Act of Abjuration, essentially the declaration of independence of the United Provinces", "answer_start": 519}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The framers of the US Constitution", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who was influenced by the Act of Abjuration?", "id": "5a1cd5884ea40d0018b06f4d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Federalist No. 20", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "What shows the framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Dutch confederacy?", "id": "5a1cd5884ea40d0018b06f4e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "discord among the provinces", "answer_start": 315}], "question": "What is one trait James Madison mentions the United Provinces show?", "id": "5a1cd5884ea40d0018b06f4f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the American Declaration of Independence", "answer_start": 464}], "question": "What is similar to the Federalist No. 20?", "id": "5a1cd5884ea40d0018b06f50", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "negative", "answer_start": 210}], "question": "What type of influence did peculiar calamities of war have on the framers of the US constitution?", "id": "5a1cd5884ea40d0018b06f51", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces, as Federalist No. 20, by James Madison, shows. Such influence appears, however, to have been of a negative nature, as Madison describes the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting \"Imbecility in the government; discord among the provinces; foreign influence and indignities; a precarious existence in peace, and peculiar calamities from war.\" Apart from this, the American Declaration of Independence is similar to the Act of Abjuration, essentially the declaration of independence of the United Provinces, but concrete evidence that the former directly influenced the latter is absent."}], ["Semasa Republik, mana-mana orang yang ingin memegang jawatan awam harus mematuhi Gereja Reformed dan bersumpah untuk kesan ini. Sejauh mana agama atau denominasi yang dianiaya bergantung pada masa dan pemimpin serantau atau bandar. Pada mulanya, ini lebih tertumpu kepada Katolik Rom, sebagai agama musuh. Pada abad ke-17 Leiden, contohnya, orang yang membuka rumah mereka untuk perkhidmatan boleh didenda 200 guilders (upah setahun untuk pedagang mahir) dan diharamkan dari bandar. Walau bagaimanapun, kebebasan beragama peribadi wujud dan merupakan satu faktor - bersama dengan sebab-sebab ekonomi - menyebabkan imigrasi besar pelarian agama dari bahagian Eropah. <> Apa yang orang yang ingin memegang jawatan awam perlu mematuhi semasa Republik? || Gereja Reformed <> Tahap agama mana yang dianiaya bergantung pada apa? || tempoh masa dan pemimpin serantau atau bandar <> Apakah hukuman bagi orang-orang yang membuka rumah mereka untuk perkhidmatan Katolik semasa Leiden abad ke-17? || didenda 200 guilders (satu tahun gaji untuk seorang pedagang yang mahir) dan diharamkan dari bandar <> Apa salah satu sebab bagi imigrasi besar pelarian agama dari bahagian lain di Eropah? || kebebasan peribadi agama <> Apa pelarian agama harus mematuhi ketika memegang jawatan awam? || <> Apakah ahli Gereja Reformed yang dianggap seperti pada abad ke-17? || <> Apa yang boleh dihukum pelarian agama apabila membuka rumah mereka untuk perkhidmatan? || <> Apakah faktor yang menyebabkan imigresen pelarian agama dari Leiden? || <> Siapa yang kebanyakan perkhidmatan meletakkan tumpuan pada permulaan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What did any person who wanted to hold public office need to conform to during the Republic?", "id": "56ddef259a695914005b96e2", "answers": [{"text": "the Reformed Church", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The degree to which different religions were persecuted depended on what?", "id": "56ddef259a695914005b96e3", "answers": [{"text": "the time period and regional or city leaders", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the punishment for people who opened their homes to Catholic services during 17th-century Leiden?", "id": "56ddef259a695914005b96e4", "answers": [{"text": "fined 200 guilders (a year's wage for a skilled tradesman) and banned from the city", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was one reason for the large amounts of immigration of religious refugees from other parts of Europe?", "id": "56ddef259a695914005b96e5", "answers": [{"text": "personal freedom of religion", "answer_start": 568}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Reformed Church", "answer_start": 83}], "question": "What did religious refugees have to conform to when holding public office?", "id": "5a1cdddb4ea40d0018b06f61", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the religion of the enemy", "answer_start": 344}], "question": "What were Reformed Church members considered as in the 17th century?", "id": "5a1cdddb4ea40d0018b06f62", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "200 guilders", "answer_start": 463}], "question": "What could religious refugees be fined when opening their homes to services?", "id": "5a1cdddb4ea40d0018b06f63", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "personal freedom of religion existed and was one factor \u2013 along with economic reasons", "answer_start": 568}], "question": "What factors led to immigration of religious refugees from Leiden?", "id": "5a1cdddb4ea40d0018b06f64", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Roman Catholics", "answer_start": 321}], "question": "Who did most services put the focus on in the beginning?", "id": "5a1cdddb4ea40d0018b06f65", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During the Republic, any person who wished to hold public office had to conform to the Reformed Church and take an oath to this effect. The extent to which different religions or denominations were persecuted depended much on the time period and regional or city leaders. In the beginning, this was especially focused on Roman Catholics, being the religion of the enemy. In 17th-century Leiden, for instance, people opening their homes to services could be fined 200 guilders (a year's wage for a skilled tradesman) and banned from the city. Throughout this, however, personal freedom of religion existed and was one factor \u2013 along with economic reasons \u2013 in causing large immigration of religious refugees from other parts of Europe."}], ["Bermula pada abad ke-18, keadaan berubah daripada penganiayaan yang lebih atau kurang aktif terhadap perkhidmatan keagamaan kepada keadaan toleransi terhad agama lain, selagi perkhidmatan mereka diam-diam diamati di gereja-gereja persendirian. <> Bilakah penganiayaan aktif terhadap perkhidmatan keagamaan menjadi lebih toleransi terhad? || pada abad ke-18 <> Perkhidmatan keagamaan untuk agama-agama lain telah dibiarkan selama mereka mematuhi aturan apa? || selagi perkhidmatan mereka diam-diam diamati di gereja swasta <> Bilakah penganiayaan terhadap perkhidmatan keagamaan berlaku secara diam-diam di gereja-gereja persendirian? || <> Dalam apa tempoh perkhidmatan bergerak ke keadaan toleransi? || <> Apa yang berubah dari perkhidmatan agama ke gereja-gereja persendirian? || <> Apa yang telah dianiaya secara aktif apabila berlaku di gereja-gereja persendirian? || <> Di manakah penganiayaan aktif berlaku? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the active persecution of religious services become more of a restricted tolerance?", "id": "56ddf23e66d3e219004dae4b", "answers": [{"text": "in the 18th century", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Religious services for other religions were tolerated as long as they adhered to what rule?", "id": "56ddf23e66d3e219004dae4c", "answers": [{"text": "as long as their services took place secretly in private churches", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in the 18th century", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "When did persecution of religious services take place secretly in private churches?", "id": "5a1ce37a4ea40d0018b06f75", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Beginning in the 18th century", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "During what period did services move to a state of tolerance?", "id": "5a1ce37a4ea40d0018b06f76", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the situation", "answer_start": 31}], "question": "What changed from religious services to private churches?", "id": "5a1ce37a4ea40d0018b06f77", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "religious services", "answer_start": 93}], "question": "What was actively persecuted when taking place in private churches?", "id": "5a1ce37a4ea40d0018b06f78", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "secretly in private churches", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "Where was active persecution taking place?", "id": "5a1ce37a4ea40d0018b06f79", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Beginning in the 18th century, the situation changed from more or less active persecution of religious services to a state of restricted toleration of other religions, as long as their services took place secretly in private churches."}]], [["Ectosymbiosis, juga disebut sebagai exosymbiosis, adalah sebarang hubungan simbiosis di mana symbiont hidup di permukaan badan tuan rumah, termasuk permukaan dalam saluran pencernaan atau saluran kelenjar exocrine. Contoh-contoh ini termasuk ectoparasites seperti kutu, ectosymbionts komensal seperti halangan yang melekat pada rahang paus balin, dan ectosymbionts bersama-sama seperti ikan bersih. <> Apa organisma yang digambarkan sebagai hidup di permukaan ikan paus? || kata laluan <> Nama ectosymbiont parasit. || kutu <> Apakah nama lain untuk ectosymbiosis? || exosymbiosis <> Apa ectosymbionts mutualis membersihkan teratas yang melekat pada rahang paus balin? || <> Apa ectoparasites juga dianggap ectosymbionts commensal dan mutualist ectosymbionts? || <> Apakah nama binatang di mana gelang-gelang bergabung dengan rahang dan permukaan dalam saluran penghadaman? || <> Apa ectoparasites hidup di permukaan badan ikan bersih? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What organisms are described as living on the surface of whales?", "id": "56de1024cffd8e1900b4b5a6", "answers": [{"text": "barnacles", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Name a parasitic ectosymbiont.", "id": "56de1024cffd8e1900b4b5a7", "answers": [{"text": "lice", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for ectosymbiosis?", "id": "56de1024cffd8e1900b4b5a8", "answers": [{"text": "exosymbiosis", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cleaner fish", "answer_start": 411}], "question": "What mutualist ectosymbionts clean the barnacles that attach themselves to the jaw of baleen whales?", "id": "5a7fe6ae8f0597001ac000f9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lice", "answer_start": 271}], "question": "What ectoparasites are also considered commensal ectosymbionts and mutualist ectosymbionts?", "id": "5a7fe6ae8f0597001ac000fa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "baleen whales", "answer_start": 360}], "question": "What is the name of the animal in which barnacles join to the jaw and inner surface of the digestive tract?", "id": "5a7fe6ae8f0597001ac000fb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lice", "answer_start": 271}], "question": "What ectoparasites live on the body surface of cleaner fish?", "id": "5a7fe6ae8f0597001ac000fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Ectosymbiosis, also referred to as exosymbiosis, is any symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont lives on the body surface of the host, including the inner surface of the digestive tract or the ducts of exocrine glands. Examples of this include ectoparasites such as lice, commensal ectosymbionts such as the barnacles that attach themselves to the jaw of baleen whales, and mutualist ectosymbionts such as cleaner fish."}], ["Satu contoh simbiosis bersama ialah hubungan antara ikan duyung ocellaris yang tinggal di antara tentakel anemon laut Ritteri. Ikan teritorial melindungi anemone daripada ikan makan ikan anemone, dan sebaliknya tentakel yang menyengat anemon itu melindungi ikan masam dari predatornya. Lendir istimewa pada clownfish melindunginya dari tentakel yang menyengat. <> Apa yang hidup dengan anemia Ritteri laut? || ocellaris clownfish <> Apa yang menghalang ikan badut daripada disengat? || Lendir khas <> Apakah jenis perhubungan yang ada dengan clownfish dan anemone? || simbiosis bersama <> Apa jenis ikan clownfish makan anemia Ritteri laut? || <> Anemone laut macam mana mempunyai lendir khas untuk melindungi ikan clownfish? || <> Organisme apa yang menggunakan ikan masam menggunakan tengkorak pedih untuk melindungi? || <> Apakah jenis hubungan yang ada dengan anemia ikan Ritteri dengan ikan makan ikan anemone? || <> Apa yang dihasilkan oleh anemia Ritteri laut untuk mengelakkan pemangsa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What lives with Ritteri sea anemones?", "id": "56de22b84396321400ee25d9", "answers": [{"text": "ocellaris clownfish", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What prevents the clownfish from being stung?", "id": "56de22b84396321400ee25da", "answers": [{"text": "A special mucus", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of relationship do the clownfish and anemone have?", "id": "56de22b84396321400ee25db", "answers": [{"text": "mutual symbiosis", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ocellaris", "answer_start": 63}], "question": "What kind of clownfish eat the Ritteri sea anemones?", "id": "5a7ff6878f0597001ac00115", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ritteri", "answer_start": 117}], "question": "What kind of sea anemone has special mucus to protect the clownfish?", "id": "5a7ff6878f0597001ac00116", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "anemone", "answer_start": 249}], "question": "What organism do the clownfish use their stinging tentacles to protect?", "id": "5a7ff6878f0597001ac00117", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mutual symbiosis", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "What type of relationship do Ritteri sea anemones have with anemone-eating fish?", "id": "5a7ff6878f0597001ac00118", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mucus", "answer_start": 309}], "question": "What do Ritteri sea anemones produce to evade predators?", "id": "5a7ff6878f0597001ac00119", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "An example of mutual symbiosis is the relationship between the ocellaris clownfish that dwell among the tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones. The territorial fish protects the anemone from anemone-eating fish, and in turn the stinging tentacles of the anemone protect the clownfish from its predators. A special mucus on the clownfish protects it from the stinging tentacles."}], ["Mutualisme atau interspis altruisme saling hubungan adalah hubungan antara individu spesies yang berbeza di mana kedua-dua individu mendapat manfaat. Secara umumnya, hanya interaksi sepanjang hayat yang melibatkan hubungan fizikal dan biokimia yang rapat dapat dianggap sebagai simbiotik. Hubungan mutualistik mungkin mewajibkan kedua-dua spesies, mewajibkan satu tetapi fakultatif untuk yang lain, atau fakultatif untuk kedua-duanya. Ramai ahli biologi menyekat definisi simbiosis untuk menutup hubungan mutualis. <> Apa istilah lain untuk mutualisme? || interspecies altruism timbal balik <> Berapa lama hubungan simbiotik? || jangka hayat <> Apa istilah bagi hubungan antara individu-individu dari spesies yang sama di mana kedua-dua individu mendapat manfaat? || <> Yang membataskan definisi simbiosis untuk menunjukkan kedua-dua obligasi dan fakultatif secara serentak? || <> Berapa tempoh masa yang melibatkan hubungan biokimia beransur-ansur boleh dianggap sebagai simbiotik? || <> Apa yang harus interspecies salingan altruism dianggap sesuai dengan definisi simbiosis? || <> Apakah hubungan mutualistik sesuai dengan definisi simbiosis? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another term for mutualism?", "id": "56de1133cffd8e1900b4b5ac", "answers": [{"text": "interspecies reciprocal altruism", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of what duration are symbiotic relationships?", "id": "56de1133cffd8e1900b4b5ad", "answers": [{"text": "lifelong", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mutualism", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is a term for a relationship between individuals of the same species where both individuals benefit?", "id": "5a7fee8c8f0597001ac00101", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "biologists", "answer_start": 408}], "question": "Who restricts the definition of symbiosis to indicate both obligate and facultative concurrently?", "id": "5a7fee8c8f0597001ac00102", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lifelong", "answer_start": 154}], "question": "What time span involving gradual biochemical contact can properly be considered symbiotic?", "id": "5a7fee8c8f0597001ac00103", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "facultative", "answer_start": 351}], "question": "What must interspecies reciprocal altruism be considered to fit the the definition of symbiosis?", "id": "5a7fee8c8f0597001ac00104", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "obligate", "answer_start": 303}], "question": "What mutualistic relationships fit the the definition of symbiosis?", "id": "5a7fee8c8f0597001ac00105", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Mutualism or interspecies reciprocal altruism is a relationship between individuals of different species where both individuals benefit. In general, only lifelong interactions involving close physical and biochemical contact can properly be considered symbiotic. Mutualistic relationships may be either obligate for both species, obligate for one but facultative for the other, or facultative for both. Many biologists restrict the definition of symbiosis to close mutualist relationships."}], ["Hubungan symbiotik termasuk persatuan-persatuan di mana satu organisme hidup di atas yang lain (ektosymbiosis, seperti mistletoe), atau di mana satu pasangan hidup di dalam yang lain (endosymbiosis, seperti lactobacilli dan bakteria lain pada manusia atau Symbiodinium dalam batu karang). Symbiosis juga diklasifikasikan oleh ikatan fizikal organisma; simbiosis di mana organisma mempunyai kesatuan badan dipanggil symbiosis konjunktif, dan simbiosis di mana mereka tidak dalam kesatuan dipanggil symbiosis disjunctive. <> Apakah contoh ectosymbiosis? || mistletoe <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila organisma tidak bergabung secara fizikal? || simbiosis yang mengganggu <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila seseorang symbiont hidup dalam pasangannya? || endosymbiosis <> Apakah organisme hidup dalam keadaan ectosymbiosis dan endosymbiosis? || <> Organisme apa yang menunjukkan simbiosis yang tidak jelas? || <> Organisme apa yang menunjukkan simbiosis konjunktif? || <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila seseorang symbiont tinggal di dalam dan mempunyai kesatuan badan dengan rakan kongsinya? || <> Apakah ketika organisme pernah dalam keadaan simbiosis konjungtif dan sekarang tidak lagi dalam kesatuan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is an example of ectosymbiosis?", "id": "56ddde2d66d3e219004dad4d", "answers": [{"text": "mistletoe", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is it called when the organisms are not physically joined?", "id": "56ddde2d66d3e219004dad4e", "answers": [{"text": "disjunctive symbiosis", "answer_start": 473}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is it called when one symbiont lives within its partner?", "id": "56ddde2d66d3e219004dad4f", "answers": [{"text": "endosymbiosis", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "humans", "answer_start": 229}], "question": "What organism lives in a state of both ectosymbiosis and endosymbiosis?", "id": "5a7fdc788f0597001ac000e5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mistletoe", "answer_start": 114}], "question": "What organism demonstrates disjunctive symbiosis?", "id": "5a7fdc788f0597001ac000e6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "corals", "answer_start": 255}], "question": "What organism demonstrates conjunctive symbiosis?", "id": "5a7fdc788f0597001ac000e7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "conjunctive symbiosis", "answer_start": 395}], "question": "What is it called when one symbiont lives within and has a bodily union with its partner?", "id": "5a7fdc788f0597001ac000e8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "disjunctive symbiosis", "answer_start": 473}], "question": "What is it when an organism was once in a state of conjunctive symbiosis and is now no longer in union?", "id": "5a7fdc788f0597001ac000e9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Symbiotic relationships include those associations in which one organism lives on another (ectosymbiosis, such as mistletoe), or where one partner lives inside the other (endosymbiosis, such as lactobacilli and other bacteria in humans or Symbiodinium in corals). Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment of the organisms; symbiosis in which the organisms have bodily union is called conjunctive symbiosis, and symbiosis in which they are not in union is called disjunctive symbiosis."}], ["Takrif simbiosis telah berubah di kalangan saintis. Sesetengah percaya simbiosis hanya merujuk kepada mutualisme yang berterusan, sementara yang lain percaya ia perlu digunakan untuk sebarang jenis interaksi biologi yang berterusan (dengan kata lain mutualistik, komensalistik, atau parasit). Selepas 130 tahun perdebatan, buku teks biologi dan ekologi sekarang menggunakan definisi \"de Bary\" yang terakhir atau definisi yang lebih luas (di mana simbiosis bermakna semua interaksi spesies), dengan definisi ketat tidak lagi digunakan (dengan kata lain, simbiosis bermaksud mutualisme) . <> Berapa lama masa yang diperlukan untuk saintis berhenti menggunakan takrif sempit simbiosis? || 130 tahun <> Berapa lama masa yang diperlukan untuk saintis untuk menemui simbiosis? || <> Berapa banyak saintis percaya bahawa simbiosis hanya merujuk kepada mutualisme berterusan? || <> Apa buku teks menggambarkan hubungan parasit sebagai satu-satunya cara untuk menentukan simbiosis? || <> Ketiga perkataan yang digunakan oleh Bary untuk menentukan simbiosis? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How long did it take for scientists to stop using the narrow definition of symbiosis?", "id": "56ddd9109a695914005b9617", "answers": [{"text": "130 years", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "130 years", "answer_start": 276}], "question": "How long did it take for scientists to discover symbiosis?", "id": "5a7fcf048f0597001ac000d3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "130", "answer_start": 276}], "question": "How many scientists believe that symbiosis should only refer to persistent mutualisms?", "id": "5a7fcf048f0597001ac000d4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "current biology and ecology textbooks", "answer_start": 297}], "question": "What textbooks describe the parasitic relationships as the only way to define symbiosis?", "id": "5a7fcf048f0597001ac000d5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic", "answer_start": 226}], "question": "What three words did de Bary use to define symbiosis?", "id": "5a7fcf048f0597001ac000d6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The definition of symbiosis has varied among scientists. Some believe symbiosis should only refer to persistent mutualisms, while others believe it should apply to any type of persistent biological interaction (in other words mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic). After 130 years of debate, current biology and ecology textbooks now use the latter \"de Bary\" definition or an even broader definition (where symbiosis means all species interactions), with the restrictive definition no longer used (in other words, symbiosis means mutualism)."}], ["Satu contoh lagi ialah ikan goby, yang kadang-kadang hidup bersama dengan udang. Udang menggali dan membersihkan lubang di pasir di mana kedua udang dan ikan goby hidup. Udang hampir buta, menjadikannya terdedah kepada pemangsa ketika di luar lubangnya. Sekiranya bahaya ikan goby menyentuh udang dengan ekornya untuk memberi amaran. Apabila itu berlaku, kedua-dua udang dan ikan goby segera berundur ke dalam lubang. Spesies gobies yang berbeza (Elacatinus spp.) Juga menunjukkan kelakuan mutualistik melalui pembersihan ectoparasites dalam ikan lain. <> Spesies apa udang ini mempunyai hubungan dengan? || ikan goby </ b> </ b> Apa bahagian ikan digunakan untuk menimbulkan bahaya? || ekornya <> Apa organisme menggali lubang di pasir kemudian menyentuh ikan goby dengan ekornya? || <> Apakah spesies goby yang hidup dengan udang dan membersihkan ectoparasites pada ikan lain? || <> Apakah kelakuan yang ditunjukkan oleh goby apabila ia tidak hidup dengan udang? || <> Apakah tingkah laku pam udin ketika tidak hidup dengan goby? || <> Apabila ikan goby menjadi buta apa yang menjadi rentan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What species does this shrimp have a relationship with?", "id": "56de23fe4396321400ee25e5", "answers": [{"text": "the goby fish", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of the fish is used to signal danger?", "id": "56de23fe4396321400ee25e8", "answers": [{"text": "its tail", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "shrimp", "answer_start": 86}], "question": "What organism digs a burrow in the sand then touches the goby fish with its tail?", "id": "5a7ffa9c8f0597001ac0011f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Elacatinus", "answer_start": 457}], "question": "What is the species of goby that both lives with a shrimp and cleans up ectoparasites on other fish?", "id": "5a7ffa9c8f0597001ac00120", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mutualistic", "answer_start": 487}], "question": "What behavior does the goby exhibit when it does not live with the shrimp?", "id": "5a7ffa9c8f0597001ac00121", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mutualistic", "answer_start": 487}], "question": "What behavior does the shrimp exhibit when it does not live with the goby?", "id": "5a7ffa9c8f0597001ac00122", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "predators", "answer_start": 235}], "question": "When a goby fish goes blind what does it become vulnerable to?", "id": "5a7ffa9c8f0597001ac00123", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A further example is the goby fish, which sometimes lives together with a shrimp. The shrimp digs and cleans up a burrow in the sand in which both the shrimp and the goby fish live. The shrimp is almost blind, leaving it vulnerable to predators when outside its burrow. In case of danger the goby fish touches the shrimp with its tail to warn it. When that happens both the shrimp and goby fish quickly retreat into the burrow. Different species of gobies (Elacatinus spp.) also exhibit mutualistic behavior through cleaning up ectoparasites in other fish."}], ["Endosymbiosis adalah apa-apa hubungan simbiotik di mana satu symbiont hidup di dalam tisu-tisu yang lain, sama ada dalam sel atau ekstraselularnya. Contohnya termasuk mikrobiom yang pelbagai, rhizobia, bakteria penetapan nitrogen yang hidup di nodul akar pada akar kacang; bakteria pembetung nitrogen yang bertindak sebagai pelopor yang dipanggil Frankia, yang tinggal di nodul akar pohon alder; alga bersel satu di dalam batu karang bangunan karang; dan endosymbionts bakteria yang menyediakan nutrien penting kepada kira-kira 10% -15% serangga. <> Apa endosymbionts bakteria memberi nutrisi yang diperlukan? || serangga <> Apakah nama bakteria di dalam akar pokok? || Frankia <> Apa endosymbionts hidup dalam karang? || alga <> Berapa peratus nodul akar pohon alder memberikan nutrien penting kepada serangga? || <> Organisme apa yang merangkumi microbiomes yang pelbagai, rhizobia, bakteria penetapan nitrogen, dan alga sel tunggal? || <> Berapa peratus daripada bakteria Frankia menyediakan nutrien penting kepada serangga? || <> Apakah endosymbionts bakteria yang memberikan nutrien penting kepada kira-kira 10% -15% serangga yang dipanggil? || <> Sebanyak peratus daripada bakteria rhizobia dan nitrogen yang tinggal di dalam nodul akar pohon alder? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What do bacterial endosymbionts give necessary nutrition to?", "id": "56de0eadcffd8e1900b4b5a0", "answers": [{"text": "insects", "answer_start": 488}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of a bacteria inside of tree roots?", "id": "56de0eadcffd8e1900b4b5a1", "answers": [{"text": "Frankia", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What endosymbionts live in coral? ", "id": "56de0eadcffd8e1900b4b5a2", "answers": [{"text": "algae", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10%\u201315%", "answer_start": 477}], "question": "What percent of alder tree root nodules provide essential nutrients to insects?", "id": "5a7fe2908f0597001ac000ef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "reef-building corals", "answer_start": 385}], "question": "What organism includes diverse microbiomes, rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and single-celled algae?", "id": "5a7fe2908f0597001ac000f0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10%\u201315%", "answer_start": 477}], "question": "What percent of Frankia bacteria provide essential nutrients to insects?", "id": "5a7fe2908f0597001ac000f1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Frankia", "answer_start": 310}], "question": "What are the bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to about 10%\u201315% of insects called?", "id": "5a7fe2908f0597001ac000f2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10%\u201315%", "answer_start": 477}], "question": "What percent of rhizobia and nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in alder tree root nodules?", "id": "5a7fe2908f0597001ac000f3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Endosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont lives within the tissues of the other, either within the cells or extracellularly. Examples include diverse microbiomes, rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules on legume roots; actinomycete nitrogen-fixing bacteria called Frankia, which live in alder tree root nodules; single-celled algae inside reef-building corals; and bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to about 10%\u201315% of insects."}], ["Symbiosis (dari Greek \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd \"bersama\" dan \u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \"hidup\") adalah interaksi jangka panjang dan kerap antara dua spesies biologi yang berlainan. Pada tahun 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank menggunakan perkataan simbiosis (yang sebelum ini digunakan untuk menggambarkan orang yang hidup bersama dalam komuniti) untuk menggambarkan hubungan mutualistik dalam lichens. Pada tahun 1879, ahli miologi Jerman Heinrich Anton de Bary mendefinisikannya sebagai \"hidup bersama tidak seperti organisma.\" <> Bahasa apa perkataan \"simbiosis\" berasal? || Yunani <> Apakah jenis organisma Frank memakai istilah \"simbiosis\"? || lichens <> Apa kewarganegaraannya ialah Heinrich Anton de Bary? || Jerman <> Kewarganegaraan apakah Albert Bernhard Frank? || <> Bilakah Heinrich Anton de Bary menemui lichens? || <> Bilakah perkataan \"simbiosis\" ditemui? || <> Berapa tahun apakah Heinrich Anton de Bary menjadi ahli miologi? || <> Tahun berapa Albert Bernhard Frank bersetuju untuk mentakrifkan \"simbiosis\" sebagai \"hidup bersama tidak seperti organisma.\" ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What language does the word \"symbiosis\" come from?", "id": "56ddd7499a695914005b9606", "answers": [{"text": "Greek", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of organism did Frank apply the term \"symbiosis\" to?", "id": "56ddd7499a695914005b9607", "answers": [{"text": "lichens", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nationality was Heinrich Anton de Bary?", "id": "56ddd7499a695914005b9608", "answers": [{"text": "German", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "German", "answer_start": 340}], "question": "What nationality was Albert Bernhard Frank?", "id": "5a7fc8178f0597001ac000c3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1879", "answer_start": 330}], "question": "When did Heinrich Anton de Bary discover lichens?", "id": "5a7fc8178f0597001ac000c4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1877", "answer_start": 144}], "question": "When was the the word \"symbiosis\" discovered?", "id": "5a7fc8178f0597001ac000c5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1879", "answer_start": 330}], "question": "What year did Heinrich Anton de Bary become a mycologist?", "id": "5a7fc8178f0597001ac000c6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1879", "answer_start": 330}], "question": "What year did Albert Bernhard Frank agree to define \"symbiosis\" as \"the living together of unlike organisms.\"?", "id": "5a7fc8178f0597001ac000c7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Symbiosis (from Greek \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd \"together\" and \u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \"living\") is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. In 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in lichens. In 1879, the German mycologist Heinrich Anton de Bary defined it as \"the living together of unlike organisms.\""}], ["Sesetengah hubungan simbiotik adalah mewajibkan, kedua-dua symbionts bergantung sepenuhnya kepada satu sama lain untuk terus hidup. Sebagai contoh, banyak lichen terdiri daripada symbionts kulat dan fotosintesis yang tidak boleh hidup sendiri. Yang lain adalah fakultatif (pilihan): mereka boleh, tetapi tidak perlu hidup dengan organisme lain. <> Apakah jenis hubungan simbiotik di mana dua organisma tidak dapat bertahan tanpa satu sama lain? || mewajibkan <> Apakah jenis hubungan simbiotik di mana symbionts dapat hidup bersama tetapi juga dapat bertahan sendiri? || fakultatif <> Apa contoh perhubungan obligasi? || lichens <> Apakah jenis hubungan simbiotik di mana dua organisma dapat bertahan tanpa symbionts fotosintesis? || <> Organisme apa yang menunjukkan hubungan simbiotik fakulti? || <> Apa organisme yang menunjukkan hanya hubungan simbiotik yang wajib? || <> Apakah jenis hubungan simbiotik di mana dua organisma dapat bertahan tanpa symbionts jamur? || <> Apakah jenis hubungan simbiotik di mana banyak organisma mesti bergantung pada symbionts fotosintesis? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the type of symbiotic relationship where two organisms can't survive without each other?", "id": "56ddda2d66d3e219004dad29", "answers": [{"text": "obligate", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the type of symbiotic relationship where the symbionts can live together but can also survive alone?", "id": "56ddda2d66d3e219004dad2a", "answers": [{"text": "facultative", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of an obligate relationship?", "id": "56ddda2d66d3e219004dad2b", "answers": [{"text": "lichens", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "facultative", "answer_start": 230}], "question": "What is the type of symbiotic relationship where two organisms can survive without photosynthetic symbionts?", "id": "5a7fd4e18f0597001ac000db", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lichens", "answer_start": 133}], "question": "What organism demonstrates only the facultative symbiotic relationship?", "id": "5a7fd4e18f0597001ac000dc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lichens", "answer_start": 133}], "question": "What organism demonstrates only the obligate symbiotic relationship?", "id": "5a7fd4e18f0597001ac000dd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "facultative", "answer_start": 230}], "question": "What is the type of symbiotic relationship where two organisms can survive without fungal symbionts?", "id": "5a7fd4e18f0597001ac000de", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "obligate", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "What is the type of symbiotic relationship where many organisms must depend on photosynthetic symbionts?", "id": "5a7fd4e18f0597001ac000df", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism."}], ["Sebilangan besar herbivora mempunyai flora usus yang mutualistik yang membantu mereka mencerna bahan tanaman, yang lebih sukar dicerna daripada mangsa hewan. Flora usus ini terdiri daripada protozoan-mencerna selulosa atau bakteria yang hidup di usus herbivora. Terumbu karang adalah hasil dari mutualisme antara organisme karang dan pelbagai jenis alga yang hidup di dalamnya. Kebanyakan tumbuhan tanah dan ekosistem darat bergantung kepada mutualisme antara tumbuhan, yang membetulkan karbon dari udara, dan kulat mycorrhyzal, yang membantu dalam mengeluarkan air dan mineral dari tanah. <> Apakah hubungan jenis herbivora dengan bakteria di dalam usus mereka? || Mutualistik <> Apa yang dihasilkan oleh karang dan alga? || Terumbu karang <> Bagaimana tumbuhan menyumbang kepada ekosistem terestrial? || membaiki karbon dari udara <> Apa jenis cendawan menarik cecair dan mineral dari bumi? || mycorrhyzal <> Apa herbivora perlu mencernakan mangsa binatang? || <> Di manakah kulat mycorrhyzal pergi selepas mengekstrak air dan mineral dari tanah? || <> Di manakah kulat mycorrhyzal kembali selepas mengekstrak karbon dari udara? || <> Organisme apa yang mempunyai protozoa pencernaan selulosa dan dan kulat mycorrhyzal yang tinggal di usus mereka? || <> Apakah kulat jenis terumbu karang bergantung? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of relationship do herbivores have with the bacteria in their intestines?", "id": "56de22074396321400ee25d1", "answers": [{"text": "mutualistic", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do coral and algae produce together?", "id": "56de22074396321400ee25d2", "answers": [{"text": "Coral reefs", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do plants contribute to terrestrial ecosystems?", "id": "56de22074396321400ee25d3", "answers": [{"text": "fix carbon from the air", "answer_start": 455}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of fungus draws liquid and minerals out of the earth?", "id": "56de22074396321400ee25d4", "answers": [{"text": "mycorrhyzal", "answer_start": 484}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "gut flora", "answer_start": 50}], "question": "What do herbivores have to digest animal prey?", "id": "5a7ff3698f0597001ac0010b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the air", "answer_start": 471}], "question": "Where do the mycorrhyzal fungi go to after extracting water and minerals from the ground?", "id": "5a7ff3698f0597001ac0010c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the ground", "answer_start": 552}], "question": "Where do the mycorrhyzal fungi go back to after extracting carbon from the air?", "id": "5a7ff3698f0597001ac0010d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Coral reefs", "answer_start": 258}], "question": "What organism has both cellulose-digesting protozoans and and mycorrhyzal fungi living in their intestines?", "id": "5a7ff3698f0597001ac0010e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mycorrhyzal", "answer_start": 484}], "question": "What kind of fungi do coral reef depend on?", "id": "5a7ff3698f0597001ac0010f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A large percentage of herbivores have mutualistic gut flora that help them digest plant matter, which is more difficult to digest than animal prey. This gut flora is made up of cellulose-digesting protozoans or bacteria living in the herbivores' intestines. Coral reefs are the result of mutualisms between coral organisms and various types of algae that live inside them. Most land plants and land ecosystems rely on mutualisms between the plants, which fix carbon from the air, and mycorrhyzal fungi, which help in extracting water and minerals from the ground."}], ["Satu lagi simbiosis yang tidak bertanggungjawab diketahui dari briozoans dan ketam hermit yang hidup dalam hubungan yang rapat. Koloni bryozoan (Acanthodesia commensale) membangunkan pertumbuhan cirumrotatory dan menawarkan kepiting (Pseudopagurus granulimanus) sambungan lanjutan helicospiral-tubular ruang hidupnya yang pada awalnya terletak dalam shell gastropod. <> Jenis simbiosis apa yang dilihat antara bryozoans dan ketam hermit? || non-obligasi <> Apa spesies kepiting mempunyai lanjutan helicospiral-tubular ruang hidupnya? || <> Apa spesies kepiting membina pertumbuhan cirumrotatory? || <> Hubungan apa yang dipertimbangkan ketika bryozoans dan ketam hermit tidak hidup dalam hubungan yang erat? || <> Di manakah pertumbuhan cirumrotatory di kepiting terletak? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of symbiosis seen between bryozoans and hermit crabs?", "id": "56de24804396321400ee25f9", "answers": [{"text": "non-obligate", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pseudopagurus granulimanus", "answer_start": 217}], "question": "What species of crab has a helicospiral-tubular extension of its living chamber?", "id": "5a7ffd938f0597001ac00129", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pseudopagurus granulimanus", "answer_start": 217}], "question": "What species of crab develops a cirumrotatory growth?", "id": "5a7ffd938f0597001ac0012a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "non-obligate symbiosis", "answer_start": 8}], "question": "What relationship is it considered when the bryozoans and hermit crabs do not live in a close relationship?", "id": "5a7ffd938f0597001ac0012b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "gastropod shell", "answer_start": 337}], "question": "Where is the cirumrotatory growth in the crab located?", "id": "5a7ffd938f0597001ac0012c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Another non-obligate symbiosis is known from encrusting bryozoans and hermit crabs that live in a close relationship. The bryozoan colony (Acanthodesia commensale) develops a cirumrotatory growth and offers the crab (Pseudopagurus granulimanus) a helicospiral-tubular extension of its living chamber that initially was situated within a gastropod shell."}], ["Commensalism menggambarkan hubungan antara dua organisma hidup di mana satu faedah dan yang lain tidak banyak dirugikan atau dibantu. Ia berasal dari perkataan Inggeris yang digunakan oleh interaksi sosial manusia. Perkataan itu berasal dari perkataan Latin zaman pertengahan, yang dibentuk dari com- dan mensa, yang bermaksud \"berkongsi jadual\". <> Bahasa apa yang berasal dari akar \"komensal\" berasal? || Latin <> Apakah jenis hubungan simbiotik yang membantu satu organisma dan tidak mempunyai kesan besar ke arah yang lain? || Commensalism <> Apa jenis hubungan simbiotik yang berlaku apabila terdapat pengaruh besar terhadap organisme lain? || <> Apa yang berlaku apabila organisme tidak dirugikan atau dibantu dengan ketara? || <> Commensalism menerangkan hubungan antara berapa banyak organisma apabila seseorang mendapat manfaat yang paling banyak? || <> Kata apa yang berasal dari perkataan Inggeris abad pertengahan? || <> Siapa sebenarnya yang berkongsi jadual? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What language do the roots of \"commensal\" come from?", "id": "56de2bedcffd8e1900b4b60c", "answers": [{"text": "Latin", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of symbiotic relationship helps one organism and doesn't have a major affect on the other?", "id": "56de2bedcffd8e1900b4b60d", "answers": [{"text": "Commensalism", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Commensalism", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What type of symbiotic relationship happens when there is a major affect on the other organism?", "id": "5a8008cf8f0597001ac0014f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sharing a table", "answer_start": 303}], "question": "What takes place when the organisms are neither significantly harmed or helped?", "id": "5a8008cf8f0597001ac00150", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 46}], "question": "Commensalism explains a relationship between how many organisms when one gains most of the benefits?", "id": "5a8008cf8f0597001ac00151", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Commensalism", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What word is derived from the medieval English word?", "id": "5a8008cf8f0597001ac00152", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two living organisms", "answer_start": 46}], "question": "Who is actually sharing a table?", "id": "5a8008cf8f0597001ac00153", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Commensalism describes a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is not significantly harmed or helped. It is derived from the English word commensal used of human social interaction. The word derives from the medieval Latin word, formed from com- and mensa, meaning \"sharing a table\"."}], ["Hubungan commensal mungkin melibatkan satu organisme yang menggunakan satu lagi untuk pengangkutan (phoresy) atau untuk perumahan (inquilinism), atau ia juga mungkin melibatkan satu organisme yang menggunakan sesuatu yang diciptakan, selepas kematiannya (metabiosis). Contoh-contoh metabiosis adalah kepiting hermit menggunakan cangkang gastropod untuk melindungi badan mereka dan labah-labah membina web mereka pada tanaman. <> Apakah istilah untuk hubungan di mana satu organisma menyediakan kediaman untuk yang lain? || inquilinism <> Apa jenis hubungannya apabila arachnids melampirkan web ke tumbuhan mati? || metabiosis <> Dalam apa hubungan jenis organisme perjalanan dengan cara lain? || phoresy <> Di manakah labah-labah membina web mereka di ketam pertapa? || <> Apakah istilah untuk hubungan di mana satu organisma enggan memberikan tempat tinggal untuk yang lain? || <> Apa yang berlaku apabila labah-labah itu menggunakan liang-liang dengan kepiting hermit? || <> Apa yang boleh dipertimbangkan hubungan antara tumbuhan dan pertapa ketam dipertimbangkan? || <> Apabila satu organisme menyerahkan sesuatu yang lain menciptakan apa yang dipanggilnya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the term for a relationship where one organism provides a dwelling for the other?", "id": "56de2cf1cffd8e1900b4b61e", "answers": [{"text": "inquilinism", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of relationship is it when arachnids attach webs to dead plants?", "id": "56de2cf1cffd8e1900b4b61f", "answers": [{"text": "metabiosis", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what type of relationship does an organism travel by means of another?", "id": "56de2cf1cffd8e1900b4b620", "answers": [{"text": "phoresy", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "gastropod shells", "answer_start": 267}], "question": "Where do the spiders build their webs on the hermit crabs?", "id": "5a800af88f0597001ac00159", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "inquilinism", "answer_start": 108}], "question": "What is the term for a relationship where one organism refuses to provide a dwelling for the other?", "id": "5a800af88f0597001ac0015a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "metabiosis", "answer_start": 208}], "question": "What occurs when the spider utilizes phoresy with the hermit crab?", "id": "5a800af88f0597001ac0015b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "one organism using something another created", "answer_start": 145}], "question": "What can commensal relationships between plants and hermit crabs be considered?", "id": "5a800af88f0597001ac0015c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Commensal relationships", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "When one organism gives away something another created what is it called?", "id": "5a800af88f0597001ac0015d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Commensal relationships may involve one organism using another for transportation (phoresy) or for housing (inquilinism), or it may also involve one organism using something another created, after its death (metabiosis). Examples of metabiosis are hermit crabs using gastropod shells to protect their bodies and spiders building their webs on plants."}], ["Amensalisme adalah interaksi di mana organisme menimbulkan kemudaratan kepada organisme lain tanpa sebarang kos atau faedah yang diterima oleh yang lain. Kes amnesalisme yang jelas adalah di mana domba atau lembu memijak rumput. Walaupun kehadiran rumput menyebabkan kesan buruk yang boleh diabaikan kepada kuku haiwan itu, rumput mengalami penghinaan. Amensalism sering digunakan untuk menggambarkan interaksi kompetitif yang tidak simetris, seperti yang telah diperhatikan antara ibunda Sepanyol dan weevils dari genus Timarcha yang memberi makan pada jenis semak yang sama. Walaupun kehadiran bonggol hampir tidak mempunyai pengaruh terhadap ketersediaan makanan, kehadiran burung biri-biri mempunyai kesan buruk yang memudaratkan pada bilangan kumbang, kerana mereka menggunakan jumlah tumbuhan yang banyak dan secara tidak sengaja menelan kumbang itu di atasnya. <> Apa organisme adalah ibex dalam hubungan amensalistik dengan? || weevils <> Apakah ibex Sepanyol makan? || semak <> Apakah hubungan jenisnya apabila haiwan besar menghancurkan tumbuhan kecil? || Amensalism <> Apa yang berlaku jika kumbang menjalar dari ibex? || <> Apa yang berlaku apabila rumput menyebabkan kerosakan pada kuku binatang? || <> Apa etnik adalah ibex dan weevils? || <> Apa yang diubah jika kehadiran ibex mempunyai kesan buruk terhadap bilangan kumbang? || <> Apa genus adalah ibex Sepanyol? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What organisms is the ibex in an amensalistic relationship with?", "id": "56de42a94396321400ee2730", "answers": [{"text": "weevils", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the Spanish ibex eat?", "id": "56de42a94396321400ee2731", "answers": [{"text": "shrub", "answer_start": 535}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of relationship is it when large animals crush small plants?", "id": "56de42a94396321400ee2732", "answers": [{"text": "Amensalism", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Amensalism", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What happens if a weevil eats from an ibex?", "id": "5a8012f38f0597001ac00177", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Amensalism", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What happens when the grass causes damage to an animal's hoof?", "id": "5a8012f38f0597001ac00178", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spanish", "answer_start": 455}], "question": "What ethnicity are the ibex and the weevils?", "id": "5a8012f38f0597001ac00179", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "food availability", "answer_start": 603}], "question": "What is altered if the presence of ibex has little detrimental effect on the number of weevil?", "id": "5a8012f38f0597001ac0017a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Timarcha", "answer_start": 493}], "question": "What genus are the Spanish ibex?", "id": "5a8012f38f0597001ac0017b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Amensalism is an interaction where an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by the other. A clear case of amensalism is where sheep or cattle trample grass. Whilst the presence of the grass causes negligible detrimental effects to the animal's hoof, the grass suffers from being crushed. Amensalism is often used to describe strongly asymmetrical competitive interactions, such as has been observed between the Spanish ibex and weevils of the genus Timarcha which feed upon the same type of shrub. Whilst the presence of the weevil has almost no influence on food availability, the presence of ibex has an enormous detrimental effect on weevil numbers, as they consume significant quantities of plant matter and incidentally ingest the weevils upon it."}], ["Semasa symbios mutualistik, sel host tidak mempunyai beberapa nutrien, yang disediakan oleh endosymbiont. Akibatnya, tuan rumah nikmat proses pertumbuhan endosymbiont dengan sendirinya dengan menghasilkan beberapa sel khusus. Sel-sel ini menjejaskan komposisi genetik tuan rumah untuk mengawal peningkatan populasi endosymbionts dan memastikan perubahan genetik ini diteruskan ke keturunan melalui penghantaran menegak (keturunan). <> Apa yang diberikan kepada sel tuan rumah? || nutrien <> Apa yang membuat tuan rumah menjejaskan gennya? || sel-sel khusus <> Dalam apa cara penggantian genetik yang diterangkan untuk generasi akan datang? || penghantaran menegak <> Dari manakah endosymbiont mendapat nutrisi? || <> Siapa yang menawarkan lokasi untuk sel tuan rumah untuk memancarkan pemakanan secara menegak? || <> Apabila anak-anak melewati perubahan genetik melalui penghantaran menegak apa yang diperoleh oleh sel tuan rumah? || <> Apabila tuan rumah menyokong proses pertumbuhan endosymbiont apa yang berlaku? || <> Di mana bolehkah sel khusus ditemui? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is given to the host cell?", "id": "56de27b94396321400ee2611", "answers": [{"text": "nutrients", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the host make that affect its genes?", "id": "56de27b94396321400ee2612", "answers": [{"text": "specialized cells", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what manner are the described genetic alternations given to future generations?", "id": "56de27b94396321400ee2613", "answers": [{"text": "vertical transmission", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the host cell", "answer_start": 30}], "question": "From where does the endosymbiont gain nutrition?", "id": "5a8002878f0597001ac0013b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the offspring", "answer_start": 404}], "question": "Who offers a location for the host cell to vertically transmit nutrition?", "id": "5a8002878f0597001ac0013c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "nutrients", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "When the offspring passes the genetic changes via vertical transmission what does the host cell obtain?", "id": "5a8002878f0597001ac0013d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "vertical transmission", "answer_start": 422}], "question": "When the the host favors the endosymbiont's growth process what takes place?", "id": "5a8002878f0597001ac0013e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the offspring", "answer_start": 404}], "question": "Where can the specialized cells be found?", "id": "5a8002878f0597001ac0013f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During mutualistic symbioses, the host cell lacks some of the nutrients, which are provided by the endosymbiont. As a result, the host favors endosymbiont's growth processes within itself by producing some specialized cells. These cells affect the genetic composition of the host in order to regulate the increasing population of the endosymbionts and ensuring that these genetic changes are passed onto the offspring via vertical transmission (heredity)."}], ["Synnecrosis adalah sejenis simbiosis yang jarang berlaku di mana interaksi antara spesis merosakkan kedua-dua organisma yang terlibat. Ia adalah keadaan yang singkat, kerana interaksi akhirnya menyebabkan kematian. Oleh sebab itu, evolusi memilih terhadap sinnekrosis dan ia tidak biasa. Contohnya ialah hubungan antara beberapa spesies lebah dan mangsa sengatan lebah. Spesies lebah yang mati selepas menyengat mangsa mereka menyebabkan rasa sakit pada diri sendiri (walaupun untuk melindungi sarang) serta pada mangsa. Istilah ini jarang digunakan. <> Apakah jenis hubungan yang membahayakan kedua-dua organisma? || Synnecrosis <> Apakah hasil akhir dari synnecrosis? || kematian <> Bagaimana biasa adalah sinnekrosis di alam semula jadi? || tidak biasa <> Mengapa lebah menyengat walaupun ia akan membunuh mereka? || untuk melindungi sarang <> Apa yang berlaku jika lebah tidak melindungi sarangnya? || <> Apakah jenis simbiosis yang biasa di mana interaksi antara spesis memudaratkan kedua-dua organisma yang terlibat? || <> Apakah keadaan tahan lama dan interaksi akhirnya menyebabkan? || <> Apa yang selalu berlaku kepada mangsa sengatan lebah? || <> Apa yang berlaku jika lebah tidak mati? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of relationship harms both organisms?", "id": "56de43f9cffd8e1900b4b74b", "answers": [{"text": "Synnecrosis", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the ultimate result of synnecrosis?", "id": "56de43f9cffd8e1900b4b74c", "answers": [{"text": "death", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How common is synnecrosis in the natural world?", "id": "56de43f9cffd8e1900b4b74d", "answers": [{"text": "uncommon", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why do bees sting even though it will kill them?", "id": "56de43f9cffd8e1900b4b74e", "answers": [{"text": "to protect the hive", "answer_start": 467}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Synnecrosis", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What happens if a bee does not protect the hive?", "id": "5a8015308f0597001ac00181", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Synnecrosis", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is a common type of symbiosis in which the interaction between species is detrimental to both organisms involved?", "id": "5a8015308f0597001ac00182", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "death", "answer_start": 192}], "question": "What does the long enduring condition and the interaction eventually cause?", "id": "5a8015308f0597001ac00183", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "death", "answer_start": 192}], "question": "What always happens to the victims of the bee sting?", "id": "5a8015308f0597001ac00184", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Synnecrosis", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What happens if the bee does not die?", "id": "5a8015308f0597001ac00185", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Synnecrosis is a rare type of symbiosis in which the interaction between species is detrimental to both organisms involved. It is a short-lived condition, as the interaction eventually causes death. Because of this, evolution selects against synnecrosis and it is uncommon in nature. An example of this is the relationship between some species of bees and victims of the bee sting. Species of bees who die after stinging their prey inflict pain on themselves (albeit to protect the hive) as well as on the victim. This term is rarely used."}], ["Salah satu contoh yang paling mengagumkan dalam menggabungkan mutualisme adalah antara cacing tabung siboglinid dan bakteria simbiotik yang hidup di lubang hidroterma dan meresap dingin. Cacing itu tidak mempunyai saluran pencernaan dan sepenuhnya bergantung kepada simbol dalamannya untuk pemakanan. Bakteria mengoksidakan sama ada hidrogen sulfida atau metana, yang disediakan oleh tuan rumah kepada mereka. Cacing-cacing ini ditemui pada akhir 1980-an di ruang bawah tanah hidroterma berhampiran Kepulauan Galapagos dan sejak itu telah ditemui di lubang-lubang hidroterma dalam laut dan meresap sejuk di semua lautan dunia. <> Bilakah cacing itu dijumpai? || akhir 1980-an <> Apakah bakteria memberi cacing itu? || pemakanan <> Apa tanah berdekatan lokasi cacing yang pertama diketahui? || Kepulauan Galapagos <> Dari manakah tuan rumah mendapatkan hidrogen sulfida atau metana? || <> Bilakah Kepulauan Galapagos ditemui? || <> Apakah hubungan antara cacing tabung siboglinid dan lubang hidroterma? || <> Bilakah bakteria simbiotik ditemui? || <> Di manakah bakteria simbiotik mendapat nutrisi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When were the worms found?", "id": "56de25ab4396321400ee2609", "answers": [{"text": "the late 1980s", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the bacteria give the worm?", "id": "56de25ab4396321400ee260a", "answers": [{"text": "nutrition", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What land is near the worms' first known location?", "id": "56de25ab4396321400ee260b", "answers": [{"text": "the Galapagos Islands", "answer_start": 429}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hydrothermal vents", "answer_start": 405}], "question": "From where do the host obtain the hydrogen sulfide or methane?", "id": "5a7fffd58f0597001ac00131", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the late 1980s", "answer_start": 383}], "question": "When were the Galapagos Islands discovered?", "id": "5a7fffd58f0597001ac00132", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "obligate mutualism", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "What is the relationship between the siboglinid tube worms and the hydrothermal vents?", "id": "5a7fffd58f0597001ac00133", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the late 1980s", "answer_start": 383}], "question": "When were the symbiotic bacteria discovered?", "id": "5a7fffd58f0597001ac00134", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "siboglinid tube worms", "answer_start": 74}], "question": "Where does the symbiotic bacteria get nutrition from?", "id": "5a7fffd58f0597001ac00135", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "One of the most spectacular examples of obligate mutualism is between the siboglinid tube worms and symbiotic bacteria that live at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The worm has no digestive tract and is wholly reliant on its internal symbionts for nutrition. The bacteria oxidize either hydrogen sulfide or methane, which the host supplies to them. These worms were discovered in the late 1980s at the hydrothermal vents near the Galapagos Islands and have since been found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps in all of the world's oceans."}], ["Hubungan parasit adalah salah satu di mana salah satu ahli persatuan menguntungkan manakala yang lain dirugikan. Ini juga dikenali sebagai symbiosis antagonistik atau antipatetik. Symbiosis parasit mengambil banyak bentuk, dari endoparasit yang hidup di dalam badan tuan rumah kepada ectoparasites yang hidup di permukaannya. Selain itu, parasit mungkin nekrotropik, yang dikatakan membunuh tuan rumah mereka, atau biotrophik, bermakna mereka bergantung kepada tuan rumah mereka yang masih hidup. Parasitisme biotropik adalah cara hidup yang sangat berjaya. Bergantung kepada takrif yang digunakan, sebanyak separuh daripada semua haiwan mempunyai sekurang-kurangnya satu fasa parasit dalam kitaran hayat mereka, dan juga kerap di dalam tumbuhan dan kulat. Selain itu, hampir semua haiwan hidup bebas menjadi tuan rumah kepada satu atau lebih takat parasit. Contoh hubungan biotropik akan menjadi tanda makan pada darah tuan rumahnya. <> Simbolosis antagonistik atau antipatetik adalah nama ganti untuk apa? || Hubungan parasit <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila organisma adalah maut kepada tuan rumah mereka? || necrotrophic <> Apa yang dipanggil ketika parasit memerlukan tuan rumah mereka untuk hidup? || biotrophic <> Seberapa besar haiwan melalui pentas parasit? || sebanyak separuh <> Namakan organisma biotropik. || tanda <> Apakah hubungan yang disebutkan jika kedua-dua organisma mendapat faedah? || <> Hubungan apa yang berlaku selepas hubungan biotrophik berlaku dari makanan tandas pada darah tuan rumahnya? || <> Apabila kedua-dua organisma mendapat manfaat dalam simbiosis antipatetik ia dikenali sebagai? || <> Apakah cara hidup yang sangat tidak berjaya? || <> Berapa banyak kulat mempunyai sekurang-kurangnya satu fasa parasit dalam kitaran hayat mereka? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis are alternate names for what?", "id": "56de2e63cffd8e1900b4b630", "answers": [{"text": "A parasitic relationship", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is it called when organisms are lethal to their host?", "id": "56de2e63cffd8e1900b4b631", "answers": [{"text": "necrotrophic", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is it called when parasites need their host to live?", "id": "56de2e63cffd8e1900b4b632", "answers": [{"text": "biotrophic", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What proportion of animals go through a parasitic stage?", "id": "56de2e63cffd8e1900b4b633", "answers": [{"text": "as many as half", "answer_start": 540}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Name a biotrophic organism.", "id": "56de2e63cffd8e1900b4b634", "answers": [{"text": "a tick", "answer_start": 801}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "biotrophic relationship would be a tick feeding on the blood of its host", "answer_start": 768}], "question": "What is the relationship termed if both organisms benefit?", "id": "5a800d438f0597001ac00163", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "necrotrophic", "answer_start": 331}], "question": "What relationship happens after a biotrophic relationship occurs from a tick feeding on the blood of its host?", "id": "5a800d438f0597001ac00164", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "parasitic relationship", "answer_start": 2}], "question": "When both organisms benefit in an antipathetic symbiosis it is known as a?", "id": "5a800d438f0597001ac00165", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Biotrophic parasitism", "answer_start": 443}], "question": "What is an extremely unsuccessful mode of life?", "id": "5a800d438f0597001ac00166", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "as many as half", "answer_start": 540}], "question": "How many fungi have at least one parasitic phase in their life cycles?", "id": "5a800d438f0597001ac00167", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A parasitic relationship is one in which one member of the association benefits while the other is harmed. This is also known as antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis. Parasitic symbioses take many forms, from endoparasites that live within the host's body to ectoparasites that live on its surface. In addition, parasites may be necrotrophic, which is to say they kill their host, or biotrophic, meaning they rely on their host's surviving. Biotrophic parasitism is an extremely successful mode of life. Depending on the definition used, as many as half of all animals have at least one parasitic phase in their life cycles, and it is also frequent in plants and fungi. Moreover, almost all free-living animals are host to one or more parasite taxa. An example of a biotrophic relationship would be a tick feeding on the blood of its host."}], ["Amensalisme adalah jenis hubungan yang wujud di mana satu spesies dihalang atau dipadamkan sepenuhnya dan satu tidak terjejas. Jenis simbiosis ini agak jarang berlaku dalam teks-teks rujukan asas, tetapi adalah di mana-mana di dunia semulajadi. Terdapat dua jenis amnesal, persaingan dan antibiotik. Persaingan adalah di mana organisme yang lebih besar atau lebih kuat menghilangkan yang lebih kecil atau lemah dari sumber. Antibiosis berlaku apabila satu organisma rosak atau dibunuh oleh yang lain melalui rembesan kimia. Contoh persaingan adalah anak pokok yang tumbuh di bawah bayangan pokok matang. Pokok yang matang dapat merampas sapling cahaya matahari yang diperlukan dan, jika pokok yang matang sangat besar, ia boleh mengambil air hujan dan menguras nutrien tanah. Sepanjang proses pokok matang tidak terpengaruh. Sesungguhnya, jika anak pokok mati, pokok yang matang akan mendapat nutrien dari sapling tumbuhan. Perhatikan bahawa nutrien-nutrien ini tersedia kerana penguraian sapling, bukannya dari sapling yang hidup, yang akan menjadi kes parasitisme. Contoh antibiotik adalah Juglans nigra (walnut hitam), rahsia juglone, bahan yang menghancurkan banyak tumbuhan herba dalam zon akarnya. <> Apakah nama untuk jenis simbiosis di mana salah satu organisma dirahsiakan dengan parah dan tidak menjejaskan yang lain? || Amensalism <> Apa jenis amensalisme yang ada? || persaingan dan antibiotik <> Apabila pokok besar mengambil sumber-sumber yang memerlukan pokok muda, apakah jenis amensalisme itu? || persaingan <> Apa yang dimakan walnut hitam yang membunuh tumbuhan? || juglone <> Apa yang berlaku apabila organisme yang lebih besar atau lebih kuat berkongsi sumber dengan organisma yang lebih kecil atau lemah? || <> Apa yang berlaku apabila sapling boleh mengambil air hujan dan mengurangkan beberapa nutrien tanah? || <> Apa yang berlaku apabila satu organisma dibantu oleh yang lain melalui rembesan kimia? || <> Apa rahsia juglone, bahan yang meningkatkan banyak tumbuhan herba dalam zon akarnya? || <> Apakah dua jenis antibiotik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name for the kind of symbiosis in which one organism is seriously harmed and there is no affect on the other?", "id": "56de418fcffd8e1900b4b71e", "answers": [{"text": "Amensalism", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kinds of amensalism are there?", "id": "56de418fcffd8e1900b4b71f", "answers": [{"text": "competition and antibiosis", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When a large tree takes the resources a young tree needs, what type of amensalism is it?", "id": "56de418fcffd8e1900b4b720", "answers": [{"text": "competition", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the black walnut give out that kills plants?", "id": "56de418fcffd8e1900b4b721", "answers": [{"text": "juglone", "answer_start": 1155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Competition", "answer_start": 330}], "question": "What happens when a larger or stronger organism shares a resource with a smaller or weaker organism?", "id": "5a800ffd8f0597001ac0016d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Amensalism", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What happens when the sapling can take up rainwater and deplete some soil nutrients?", "id": "5a800ffd8f0597001ac0016e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Antibiosis", "answer_start": 432}], "question": "What happens when one organism is helped by another through a chemical secretion?", "id": "5a800ffd8f0597001ac0016f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "black walnut", "answer_start": 1130}], "question": "What secrets juglone, a substance which enhances many herbaceous plants within its root zone?", "id": "5a800ffd8f0597001ac00170", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "amensalism, competition", "answer_start": 290}], "question": "What are two types of antibiosis?", "id": "5a800ffd8f0597001ac00171", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Amensalism is the type of relationship that exists where one species is inhibited or completely obliterated and one is unaffected. This type of symbiosis is relatively uncommon in rudimentary reference texts, but is omnipresent in the natural world.[citation needed] There are two types of amensalism, competition and antibiosis. Competition is where a larger or stronger organisms deprives a smaller or weaker one from a resource. Antibiosis occurs when one organism is damaged or killed by another through a chemical secretion. An example of competition is a sapling growing under the shadow of a mature tree. The mature tree can begin to rob the sapling of necessary sunlight and, if the mature tree is very large, it can take up rainwater and deplete soil nutrients. Throughout the process the mature tree is unaffected. Indeed, if the sapling dies, the mature tree gains nutrients from the decaying sapling. Note that these nutrients become available because of the sapling's decomposition, rather than from the living sapling, which would be a case of parasitism.[citation needed] An example of antibiosis is Juglans nigra (black walnut), secreting juglone, a substance which destroys many herbaceous plants within its root zone."}], ["Adaptasi endosymbiont kepada gaya hidup tuan rumah membawa kepada banyak perubahan dalam endosymbiont-pengurangan drastik yang paling penting dalam saiz genomnya. Ini disebabkan banyak gen yang hilang semasa proses metabolisme, dan pembaikan dan penggabungan DNA. Walaupun gen penting yang menyertai DNA untuk transkripsi RNA, terjemahan protein dan replikasi DNA / RNA dikekalkan. Iaitu, penurunan saiz genom adalah disebabkan kehilangan gen pengekodan protein dan bukan disebabkan oleh pengurangan kawasan antara genetik atau saiz bingkai bacaan terbuka (ORF). Oleh itu, spesies yang secara semula jadi berkembang dan mengandungi saiz gen yang dapat dikurangkan boleh dianggap sebagai peningkatan jumlah perbezaan yang ketara di antara mereka, sehingga menyebabkan perubahan dalam kadar evolusi mereka. Oleh kerana bakteria endosymbiotik yang berkaitan dengan serangga ini diteruskan kepada keturunan dengan tegas melalui penularan genetik menegak, bakteria intraseluler melalui banyak rintangan semasa proses itu, mengakibatkan penurunan saiz populasi yang berkesan jika dibandingkan dengan bakteria hidup bebas. Ketidakstabilan bakteria endosymbiotik ini untuk memulihkan fenotip jenis liar melalui proses penggabungan semula dipanggil sebagai fenomena ratchet Muller. Fenomena ratchet Muller bersama-sama dengan saiz populasi yang kurang berkesan telah menyebabkan peningkatan mutasi yang merosakkan dalam gen yang tidak penting bakteria intraselular. Ini mungkin disebabkan oleh kekurangan mekanisme pemilihan yang wujud dalam persekitaran yang kaya dengan tuan rumah. <> Apakah perubahan utama dalam endosymbiont apabila ia menyesuaikan diri dengan tuan rumah? || pengurangan drastik dalam saiz genomnya <> Apakah istilah yang menerangkan cara endosymbiont tidak boleh kembali ke fenotip asalnya? || Fenomena ratchet Muller <> Apa yang dikatakan artikel boleh menjadi sebab untuk membina mutasi berbahaya? || kekurangan mekanisme pemilihan <> Apa yang berlaku apabila gaya hidup tuan rumah mengurangkan saiz genom endosymbiont? || <> Apakah serangga yang diperlukan untuk penghantaran menegak? || <> Apa yang berlaku apabila terdapat peningkatan saiz populasi yang berkesan untuk bakteria hidup bebas? || <> Apa yang berlaku apabila replikasi DNA / RNA dikekalkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the main alteration in an endosymbiont when it adapts to a host?", "id": "56de2af0cffd8e1900b4b5fc", "answers": [{"text": "drastic reduction in its genome size", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term that describes the way the endosymbiont can't go back to its original phenotype?", "id": "56de2af0cffd8e1900b4b5fd", "answers": [{"text": "Muller's ratchet phenomenon", "answer_start": 1182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the article say could be the reason for the buildup of harmful mutations?", "id": "56de2af0cffd8e1900b4b5fe", "answers": [{"text": "lack of selection mechanisms", "answer_start": 1420}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "DNA repair", "answer_start": 229}], "question": "What takes place when the host's lifestyle reduces the endosymbiont's genome size?", "id": "5a8006548f0597001ac00145", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "endosymbiotic bacteria", "answer_start": 763}], "question": "What do the insects need for vertical transmission?", "id": "5a8006548f0597001ac00146", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Muller's ratchet phenomenon", "answer_start": 1211}], "question": "What happens when there is an increase in the effective population sizes for free living bacteria?", "id": "5a8006548f0597001ac00147", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "recombination", "answer_start": 244}], "question": "What happens when the DNA/RNA replications are retained?", "id": "5a8006548f0597001ac00148", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Adaptation of the endosymbiont to the host's lifestyle leads to many changes in the endosymbiont\u2013the foremost being drastic reduction in its genome size. This is due to many genes being lost during the process of metabolism, and DNA repair and recombination. While important genes participating in the DNA to RNA transcription, protein translation and DNA/RNA replication are retained. That is, a decrease in genome size is due to loss of protein coding genes and not due to lessening of inter-genic regions or open reading frame (ORF) size. Thus, species that are naturally evolving and contain reduced sizes of genes can be accounted for an increased number of noticeable differences between them, thereby leading to changes in their evolutionary rates. As the endosymbiotic bacteria related with these insects are passed on to the offspring strictly via vertical genetic transmission, intracellular bacteria goes through many hurdles during the process, resulting in the decrease in effective population sizes when compared to the free living bacteria. This incapability of the endosymbiotic bacteria to reinstate its wild type phenotype via a recombination process is called as Muller's ratchet phenomenon. Muller's ratchet phenomenon together with less effective population sizes has led to an accretion of deleterious mutations in the non-essential genes of the intracellular bacteria. This could have been due to lack of selection mechanisms prevailing in the rich environment of the host."}], ["Ahli biologi Lynn Margulis, yang terkenal dengan karya beliau mengenai endosymbiosis, menegaskan bahawa simbiosis adalah penggerak utama di sebalik evolusi. Dia menganggap idea Darwin evolusi, didorong oleh persaingan, tidak lengkap dan mendakwa bahawa evolusi sangat berasaskan kerjasama, interaksi, dan pergantungan bersama antara organisma. Menurut Margulis dan Dorion Sagan, \"Kehidupan tidak mengambil alih dunia melalui pertempuran, tetapi melalui jaringan.\" <> Apa pendapat Margulis ialah pemacu utama evolusi? || simbiosis <> Yang bersetuju dengan pandangan kooperatif Margulis tentang evolusi? || Dorion Sagan <> Apakah ahli biologi Darwin terkenal? || <> Apa yang berdasarkan hanya berdasarkan interaksi dan kemerdekaan yang tidak dapat dikendalikan? || <> Siapa yang terakhir mengucapkan quote ini \"Kehidupan tidak mengambil alih dunia melalui pertempuran, tetapi oleh rangkaian\"? || <> Apa yang tidak dianggap sebagai daya penggerak di belakang evolusi? || <> Siapa yang sekarang tidak bersetuju dengan pandangan kooperatif Margulis tentang evolusi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does Margulis think is the main driver of evolution?", "id": "56de4796cffd8e1900b4b777", "answers": [{"text": "symbiosis", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who agrees with Margulis' cooperative view of evolution?", "id": "56de4796cffd8e1900b4b779", "answers": [{"text": "Dorion Sagan", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "endosymbiosis", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "What is the biologist Darwin famous for?", "id": "5a80193e8f0597001ac00193", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "evolution", "answer_start": 234}], "question": "What is strongly based only upon uncooperative interaction and independence?", "id": "5a80193e8f0597001ac00194", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lynn Margulis", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "Who was the last to utter this quote \"Life did not take over the globe by combat, but by networking.\"?", "id": "5a80193e8f0597001ac00195", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "symbiosis", "answer_start": 81}], "question": "What is not considered a driving force behind evolution?", "id": "5a80193e8f0597001ac00196", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Darwin", "answer_start": 148}], "question": "Who currently disagrees with Margulis' cooperative view of evolution?", "id": "5a80193e8f0597001ac00197", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The biologist Lynn Margulis, famous for her work on endosymbiosis, contends that symbiosis is a major driving force behind evolution. She considers Darwin's notion of evolution, driven by competition, to be incomplete and claims that evolution is strongly based on co-operation, interaction, and mutual dependence among organisms. According to Margulis and Dorion Sagan, \"Life did not take over the globe by combat, but by networking.\""}], ["Walaupun secara historis, simbiosis telah mendapat kurang perhatian daripada interaksi lain seperti pemusnahan atau persaingan, ia semakin diakui sebagai daya terpilih yang penting di sebalik evolusi, dengan banyak spesies yang mempunyai sejarah panjang bersama evolusi bersama. Malah, evolusi semua eukariota (tumbuh-tumbuhan, haiwan, kulat, dan protista) dipercayai di bawah teori endosymbiotik telah menghasilkan simbiosis antara pelbagai jenis bakteria. Teori ini disokong oleh organel tertentu yang membahagikan secara bebas sel, dan pemerhatian bahawa sesetengah organel mempunyai asid nukleik sendiri. <> Apa hasil yang jauh jangkaan yang difikirkan oleh ahli sains dari symbiosis dengan bakteria? || evolusi semua eukariot <> Apa eukariot? || tumbuh-tumbuhan, haiwan, kulat, dan prototaip <> Apakah semua organ itu mempunyai sendiri? || <> Apa yang telah mendapat lebih banyak perhatian daripada interaksi lain seperti predasi atau persaingan? || <> Apa eukariota membuat pelbagai jenis bakteria? || <> Apa yang selalu bergantung kepada sel untuk proses pembahagian? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What far-reaching result do scientists think has come about from symbiosis with bacteria?", "id": "56de4520cffd8e1900b4b759", "answers": [{"text": "the evolution of all eukaryotes", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are eukaryotes?", "id": "56de4520cffd8e1900b4b75a", "answers": [{"text": "plants, animals, fungi, and protists", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "nucleic acid", "answer_start": 607}], "question": "What do all organelles have that is their own?", "id": "5a80173a8f0597001ac0018b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "symbiosis", "answer_start": 20}], "question": "What has received more attention than other interactions such as predation or competition?", "id": "5a80173a8f0597001ac0018c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "plants, animals, fungi, and protists", "answer_start": 310}], "question": "What eukaryotes create various sorts of bacteria?", "id": "5a80173a8f0597001ac0018d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "organelles", "answer_start": 496}], "question": "What always depends on the cell for the process of division?", "id": "5a80173a8f0597001ac0018e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "While historically, symbiosis has received less attention than other interactions such as predation or competition, it is increasingly recognized as an important selective force behind evolution, with many species having a long history of interdependent co-evolution. In fact, the evolution of all eukaryotes (plants, animals, fungi, and protists) is believed under the endosymbiotic theory to have resulted from a symbiosis between various sorts of bacteria. This theory is supported by certain organelles dividing independently of the cell, and the observation that some organelles seem to have their own nucleic acid."}], ["Symbiosis memainkan peranan utama dalam evolusi tumbuhan berbunga dan haiwan yang menguapnya. Banyak tumbuhan yang didebung oleh serangga, kelawar, atau burung mempunyai bunga yang sangat khusus yang diubahsuai untuk mempromosikan pendebungaan oleh pendebunga tertentu yang juga disesuaikan. Tumbuhan berbunga pertama dalam rekod fosil mempunyai bunga yang agak sederhana. Spesiasi adaptif dengan cepat menimbulkan banyak kumpulan tumbuhan yang pelbagai, dan, pada masa yang sama, spesiasi yang sepadan berlaku dalam kumpulan serangga tertentu. Sesetengah kumpulan tumbuhan menghasilkan madu dan madu serbuk yang besar, sementara serangga berkembang lebih morfologi khusus untuk mengakses dan mengumpul sumber makanan kaya ini. Dalam beberapa jenis tumbuh-tumbuhan dan serangga, hubungan menjadi bergantung, di mana spesies tumbuhan hanya boleh didebung oleh satu spesies serangga. <> Seberapa besar bahagian yang ada dalam simbiosis dalam pembangunan tumbuhan berbunga dan pendebunga mereka? || Peranan utama <> Apa yang dihasilkan oleh beberapa tumbuhan apabila bunga menjadi kurang mudah? || nektar dan serbuk melekit yang besar <> Apakah perkataan untuk jenis hubungan di mana tumbuhan bergantung pada satu jenis serangga? || bergantung <> Apa yang menimbulkan kumpulan tumbuhan terpilih? || <> Apa tumbuhan berbunga di dalam rekod fosil mempunyai bunga yang agak kompleks? || <> Apakah kelelawar berkembang untuk mengakses dan mengumpul sumber makanan kaya? || <> Apakah burung-burung berkembang untuk mengakses dan mengumpul sumber makanan kaya ini? || <> Apa haiwan perlu diubah suai untuk disesuaikan dengannya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How big a part did symbiosis have in the development of flowering plants and their pollinators?", "id": "56de49434396321400ee2774", "answers": [{"text": "a major role", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did some plants produce when flowers became less simple?", "id": "56de49434396321400ee2775", "answers": [{"text": "nectar and large sticky pollen", "answer_start": 559}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the word for the kind of relationship in which a plant depend on a single type of insect?", "id": "56de49434396321400ee2776", "answers": [{"text": "dependent", "answer_start": 753}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Adaptive speciation", "answer_start": 372}], "question": "What gave rise to a select group of plants?", "id": "5a801c2e8f0597001ac0019d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The first", "answer_start": 293}], "question": "What flowering plants in the fossil record had relatively complex flowers?", "id": "5a801c2e8f0597001ac0019e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "specialized morphologies", "answer_start": 618}], "question": "What did bats develop to access and collect these rich food sources?", "id": "5a801c2e8f0597001ac0019f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "specialized morphologies", "answer_start": 618}], "question": "What did birds develop to access and collect these rich food sources?", "id": "5a801c2e8f0597001ac001a0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "insects, bats, or birds", "answer_start": 142}], "question": "What animals need to be modified in order to be correspondingly adapted?", "id": "5a801c2e8f0597001ac001a1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Symbiosis played a major role in the co-evolution of flowering plants and the animals that pollinate them. Many plants that are pollinated by insects, bats, or birds have highly specialized flowers modified to promote pollination by a specific pollinator that is also correspondingly adapted. The first flowering plants in the fossil record had relatively simple flowers. Adaptive speciation quickly gave rise to many diverse groups of plants, and, at the same time, corresponding speciation occurred in certain insect groups. Some groups of plants developed nectar and large sticky pollen, while insects evolved more specialized morphologies to access and collect these rich food sources. In some taxa of plants and insects the relationship has become dependent, where the plant species can only be pollinated by one species of insect."}]], [["Dasar pertahanan Kanada hari ini adalah berdasarkan Strategi Pertahanan Pertama Kanada yang diperkenalkan pada tahun 2008. Berdasarkan strategi itu, tentera Kanada berorientasikan dan dilengkapi untuk melaksanakan enam misi utama di Kanada, di Amerika Utara dan di seluruh dunia. Khususnya, Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada ditugaskan untuk mempunyai keupayaan untuk: <> Apakah dasar pertahanan Kanada berdasarkan? || Strategi Pertahanan Pertama Kanada <> Bilakah Strategi Pertahanan Pertama Kanada diperkenalkan? || 2008 <> Berapa banyak misi yang dijalankan secara dalaman di Kanada? || enam misi teras <> Apakah lokasi lain yang melindungi Perlindungan Strategi Pertahanan Pertama Kanada? || Amerika Utara <> Kapan Strategi Pertahanan Pertama Canada diperkenalkan? || <> Apakah berdasarkan Strategi Pertahanan Kanada Pertama? || <> Berapa banyak misi global yang dilengkapkan oleh Kanada untuk dilaksanakan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Canada's defense policy based on?", "id": "56dde39c66d3e219004dad9f", "answers": [{"text": "Canada First Defence Strategy", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Canada First Defence Strategy introduced?", "id": "56dde39c66d3e219004dada0", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many missions are carried out internally in Canada?", "id": "56dde39c66d3e219004dada1", "answers": [{"text": "six core missions", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other location does the Canada First Defence Strategy Cover?", "id": "56dde39c66d3e219004dada2", "answers": [{"text": "North America", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 91}], "question": "When was the First Canada Defence Strategy introduced?", "id": "5ad376e1604f3c001a3fe363", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Canadian defence policy", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is based on the First Canada Defence Strategy?", "id": "5ad376e1604f3c001a3fe364", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 187}], "question": "How many global missions are Canadians equipped to carry out?", "id": "5ad376e1604f3c001a3fe365", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces are tasked with having the capacity to:"}], ["Angkatan Tentera Kanada (CAF; Perancis: Armed forces canadiennes, FAC), atau Angkatan Kanada (CF) (Perancis: tentera canadiennes, FC), adalah angkatan bersenjata Kanada yang disatukan oleh Undang-undang Pertahanan Nasional : \"Angkatan Kanada adalah angkatan tentera Yang Mulia yang dibesarkan oleh Kanada dan terdiri daripada satu Perkhidmatan yang dipanggil Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada.\" <> Apakah nama Perancis Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada? || Angkatan tentera canadiennes <> Undang-undang apa yang membentuk CAF? || Akta Pertahanan Nasional <> Siapa yang patut dilindungi oleh CAF? || Yang Mulia <> Apa yang CF berdiri dalam konteks ini? || Angkatan tentera canadiennes <> Apakah CFA berdiri? || <> Apakah Akta Angkatan Tentera Kanada menyatakan? || <> Apa yang bertindak memanggil ketua Angkatan Tentera sebagai Yang Mulia? || <> Apakah nama Itali dari Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada? || <> Apakah undang-undang yang menjadi CEF? || <> Siapa yang bukan CAF yang patut dilindungi? || <> Apakah COF berdiri dalam konteks ini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the French name of the Canadian Armed Forces?", "id": "56dde02666d3e219004dad6b", "answers": [{"text": "Forces arm\u00e9es canadiennes", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What law constitutes the CAF?", "id": "56dde02666d3e219004dad6c", "answers": [{"text": "the National Defence Act", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who are the CAF supposed to protect?", "id": "56dde02666d3e219004dad6d", "answers": [{"text": "Her Majesty", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does CF stand for in this context?", "id": "56dde02666d3e219004dad6e", "answers": [{"text": "Forces canadiennes", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Canadian Armed Forces", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What does CFA stand for?", "id": "5ad3714d604f3c001a3fe285", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"The Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada and consist of one Service called the Canadian Armed Forces.", "answer_start": 231}], "question": "What does the Canadian Armed Forces Act state?", "id": "5ad3714d604f3c001a3fe286", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "National Defence Act", "answer_start": 195}], "question": "What act names the leader of the les cnadiennes Forces as Her Majesty?", "id": "5ad3714d604f3c001a3fe287", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Forces arm\u00e9es canadiennes", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "What is the Italian name of the Canadian Armed Forces?", "id": "5ad3e002604f3c001a3ff4ab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "National Defence Act", "answer_start": 195}], "question": " What law constitutes the CEF?", "id": "5ad3e002604f3c001a3ff4ac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Her Majesty", "answer_start": 276}], "question": " Who aren't the CAF supposed to protect?", "id": "5ad3e002604f3c001a3ff4ad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Forces canadiennes", "answer_start": 110}], "question": " What does COF stand for in this context?", "id": "5ad3e002604f3c001a3ff4ae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF; French: Forces arm\u00e9es canadiennes, FAC), or Canadian Forces (CF) (French: les Forces canadiennes, FC), is the unified armed force of Canada, as constituted by the National Defence Act, which states: \"The Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada and consist of one Service called the Canadian Armed Forces.\""}], ["Penyebaran tentera Kanada yang pertama di luar negara berlaku semasa Perang Boer Kedua, apabila beberapa unit dibangkitkan untuk berkhidmat di bawah perintah British. Begitu juga, apabila United Kingdom memasuki konflik dengan Jerman dalam Perang Dunia Pertama, tentera Kanada dipanggil untuk berpartisipasi dalam teater Eropah. Crown-in-Council Kanada kemudian memutuskan untuk menghantar pasukannya ke Perang Dunia Kedua, serta Perang Korea. <> Bilakah penempatan pertama tentera Kanada pertama? || Perang Boer Kedua <> Di bawah arahan yang mereka berikan? || Perintah British <> Bilakah askar Kanada dipanggil untuk membantu di Eropah? || Perang Dunia Pertama <> Apa perang Eropah lain yang melibatkan Angkatan Kanada? || Perang Dunia Kedua <> Apa perang Asia yang melibatkan Angkatan Kanada? || Perang Korea <> Kekuatan apa yang pertama kali digunakan di luar negara semasa Perang Dunia Kedua? || <> Siapa yang memasuki konflik dengan United Kingdom semasa Perang Dunia Pertama? || <> Peperangan apa yang Dewan Majlis di-Crown Kanada menghantar pasukannya? || <> Bilakah penempatan pertama tentera Perancis pertama? || <> Di bawah perintah apa yang mereka tidak berkhidmat? || <> Bilakah askar Kanada dipanggil untuk membantu di Asia? || <> Apa perang Eropah yang lain adalah Pasukan Kanada yang tidak terlibat? || <> Apa perang Asia yang Angkatan Kanada tidak pernah terlibat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the first overseas deployment of the Canadian Military?", "id": "56dde7259a695914005b9696", "answers": [{"text": "Second Boer War", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Under what command did they serve?", "id": "56dde7259a695914005b9697", "answers": [{"text": "British command", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were Canadian Troops called upon to assist in Europe?", "id": "56dde7259a695914005b9698", "answers": [{"text": "the First World War", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other European war were the Canadian Forces involved in?", "id": "56dde7259a695914005b9699", "answers": [{"text": "Second World War", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Asian war were the Canadian Forces involved in?", "id": "56dde7259a695914005b969a", "answers": [{"text": "Korean War", "answer_start": 421}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Canadian military forces", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "What force was first deployed overseas during the Second World War?", "id": "5ad38155604f3c001a3fe47f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Germany", "answer_start": 220}], "question": "Who entered into conflict with the United Kingdom during the First World War?", "id": "5ad38155604f3c001a3fe480", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Second World War, as well as the Korean War.", "answer_start": 384}], "question": "What wars did the Canadian Council-in-Crown send its forces into?", "id": "5ad38155604f3c001a3fe481", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Second Boer War", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "When was the first overseas deployment of the French Military?", "id": "5ad3e571604f3c001a3ff597", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "British command", "answer_start": 141}], "question": " Under what command did they not serve?", "id": "5ad3e571604f3c001a3ff598", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "First World War", "answer_start": 235}], "question": " When were Canadian Troops called upon to assist in Asia?", "id": "5ad3e571604f3c001a3ff599", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Second World War,", "answer_start": 388}], "question": " What other European war were the Canadian Forces not involved in?", "id": "5ad3e571604f3c001a3ff59a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Korean War", "answer_start": 421}], "question": " What Asian war were the Canadian Forces never involved in?", "id": "5ad3e571604f3c001a3ff59b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occurred during the Second Boer War, when several units were raised to serve under British command. Similarly, when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany in the First World War, Canadian troops were called to participate in European theatres. The Canadian Crown-in-Council then decided to send its forces into the Second World War, as well as the Korean War."}], ["Institusi bersatu ini terdiri daripada laut, darat, dan unsur udara yang dirujuk sebagai Tentera Laut Diraja Kanada (RCN), Tentera Kanada, dan Tentera Udara Diraja Kanada (RCAF). Kakitangan boleh dimiliki sama ada Pasukan Biasa atau Pasukan Rizab, yang mempunyai empat sub komponen: Rizab Primer, Rizab Tambahan, Perkhidmatan Pentadbiran dan Latihan Organisasi Kadet, dan Rangers Kanada. Di bawah Akta Pertahanan Negara, Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada adalah entiti berasingan dan berbeza daripada Jabatan Pertahanan Nasional (jabatan kerajaan persekutuan yang bertanggungjawab untuk pentadbiran dan pembentukan dasar pertahanan), yang juga wujud sebagai sistem sokongan awam untuk Angkatan. <> Berapa banyak sub komponen di sana? || empat <> Tindakan apa yang mentakrifkan CAF? || Akta Pertahanan Nasional <> Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh RNC? || <> Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh RACF? || <> Apa empat komponen yang membentuk Rizab Pasukan? || <> Apakah Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada yang dikaitkan dengan Akta Pertahanan Negara? || <> Berapa banyak komponen bukan sub? || <> Tindakan apa yang tidak menentukan CAF? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many sub components are there?", "id": "56dde0ea66d3e219004dad7e", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What act defines the CAF?", "id": "56dde0ea66d3e219004dad7f", "answers": [{"text": "the National Defence Act", "answer_start": 398}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Royal Canadian Navy", "answer_start": 84}], "question": "What does RNC stand for?", "id": "5ad37275604f3c001a3fe2b3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Royal Canadian Air Force", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "What does RACF stand for?", "id": "5ad37275604f3c001a3fe2b4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Primary Reserve, Supplementary Reserve, Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service, and the Canadian Rangers.", "answer_start": 269}], "question": "What four components make up the Force Reserve?", "id": "5ad37275604f3c001a3fe2b5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Department of National Defence", "answer_start": 495}], "question": "What is the Canadian Armed Forces associated with under the National Defence Act?", "id": "5ad37275604f3c001a3fe2b6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 244}], "question": "How many non-sub components are there?", "id": "5ad3e04d604f3c001a3ff4b3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "National Defence Act", "answer_start": 402}], "question": " What act does not define the CAF?", "id": "5ad3e04d604f3c001a3ff4b4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "This unified institution consists of sea, land, and air elements referred to as the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF). Personnel may belong to either the Regular Force or the Reserve Force, which has four sub-components: the Primary Reserve, Supplementary Reserve, Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service, and the Canadian Rangers. Under the National Defence Act, the Canadian Armed Forces are an entity separate and distinct from the Department of National Defence (the federal government department responsible for administration and formation of defence policy), which also exists as the civilian support system for the Forces."}], ["Panglima Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada adalah Raja Kanada yang memerintah, Ratu Elizabeth II, yang diwakili oleh Gubernur Jenderal Kanada. Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada dipimpin oleh Ketua Staf Pertahanan, yang disarankan dan dibantu oleh Angkatan Tentera. <> Siapa kini ialah Panglima Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada? || Ratu Elizabeth II <> Siapa yang mewakili Ratu Elizabeth II? || Gabenor Jeneral Kanada <> Siapa yang mengetuai CAF? || Ketua Staf Pertahanan <> Siapa yang menasihati Ketua Pertahanan? || Majlis Angkatan Tentera. <> Siapa Panglima Tertinggi Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada? || <> Siapa yang diwakili oleh Gabenor Jeneral Kanada? || <> Apa yang dipimpin oleh Ketua Staf Pertahanan? || <> Siapa Ketua Staf Pertahanan yang dinasihatkan oleh? || <> Siapa yang kini adalah Penolong ketua Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada? || <> Siapa yang tidak mewakili Ratu Elizabeth II? || <> Siapa yang mengetuai CAEF? || <> Siapa yang menasihati Ketua Kesalahan itu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who currently is the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces?", "id": "56dde17c9a695914005b9640", "answers": [{"text": "Queen Elizabeth II", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who represents Queen Elizabeth II?", "id": "56dde17c9a695914005b9641", "answers": [{"text": "the Governor General of Canada", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who leads the CAF?", "id": "56dde17c9a695914005b9642", "answers": [{"text": "the Chief of the Defence Staff", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who advises the Chief of the Defence?", "id": "56dde17c9a695914005b9643", "answers": [{"text": "the Armed Forces Council.", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Queen Elizabeth II", "answer_start": 86}], "question": "Who is the Chief Commander of the Canadian Armed Forces?", "id": "5ad37514604f3c001a3fe2e1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Queen Elizabeth II", "answer_start": 86}], "question": "Who is represented by the Governor General of Canada?", "id": "5ad37514604f3c001a3fe2e2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Canadian Armed Forces", "answer_start": 160}], "question": "What is led by the Defence Staff Chief?", "id": "5ad37514604f3c001a3fe2e3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Armed Forces Council", "answer_start": 263}], "question": "Who is the Defence Staff Chief advised by?", "id": "5ad37514604f3c001a3fe2e4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Queen Elizabeth II", "answer_start": 86}], "question": "Who currently is the Assistant-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces?", "id": "5ad3e076604f3c001a3ff4b7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Governor General of Canada.", "answer_start": 132}], "question": "Who doesn't represent Queen Elizabeth II?", "id": "5ad3e076604f3c001a3ff4b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Chief of the Defence Staff", "answer_start": 200}], "question": " Who leads the CAEF?", "id": "5ad3e076604f3c001a3ff4b9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Armed Forces Council", "answer_start": 263}], "question": " Who advises the Chief of the Offense?", "id": "5ad3e076604f3c001a3ff4ba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the reigning Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, who is represented by the Governor General of Canada. The Canadian Armed Forces is led by the Chief of the Defence Staff, who is advised and assisted by the Armed Forces Council."}], ["Semasa Perang Dingin, tumpuan utama dasar pertahanan Kanada menyumbang kepada keselamatan Eropah dalam menghadapi ancaman ketenteraan Soviet. Menjelang akhir itu, pasukan Kanada dan angkatan udara berpangkalan di Eropah sejak awal 1950-an hingga awal 1990-an. <> Apa peperangan adalah CAF yang terlibat dalam? || Perang Dingin <> Apakah matlamat CAF semasa perang dingin? || keselamatan Eropah <> Apa thread ketenteraan yang CAF melindungi terhadap di Eropah? || ancaman ketenteraan Soviet <> Teras sejak tahun apakah CAF ditempatkan di Eropah? || awal tahun 1950-an <> tahun berapa CAF meninggalkan Eropah? || awal 1990an <> Apa yang berpusat di Eropah pada tahun 1950? || <> Di manakah angkatan darat dan udara Kanada yang berpangkalan di 1950? || <> Berapa tahun Perang Dingin berlaku? || <> Perang apa yang CAAF terlibat dalam? || <> Apakah matlamat CAF semasa perang hangat? || <> Apakah thread ketenteraan yang CAF tidak melindungi di Eropah? || <> Lebih kurang sejak tahun apakah CAF tidak ditempatkan di Eropah? || <> Tahun apakah CAF menyertai Eropah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What war were the CAF involved in?", "id": "56dde22166d3e219004dad91", "answers": [{"text": "Cold War", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the goal of the CAF during the cold war?", "id": "56dde22166d3e219004dad92", "answers": [{"text": "the security of Europe", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What military thread did the CAF protect against in Europe?", "id": "56dde22166d3e219004dad93", "answers": [{"text": "the Soviet military threat", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Apprimately since what year was the CAF stationed in Europe?", "id": "56dde22166d3e219004dad94", "answers": [{"text": "the early 1950s", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the CAF leave Europe?", "id": "56dde22166d3e219004dad95", "answers": [{"text": "the early 1990s", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Canadian ground and air forces", "answer_start": 169}], "question": "What were based in Europe in 1950?", "id": "5ad375b1604f3c001a3fe30b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 214}], "question": "Where were Canadian ground and air forces based in 1950?", "id": "5ad375b1604f3c001a3fe30c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "from the early 1950s until the early 1990s.", "answer_start": 221}], "question": "What years did the Cold War take place?", "id": "5ad375b1604f3c001a3fe30d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cold War", "answer_start": 11}], "question": "What war were the CAAF involved in?", "id": "5ad3e0ba604f3c001a3ff4dd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "security of Europe", "answer_start": 90}], "question": " What was the goal of the CAF during the warm war?", "id": "5ad3e0ba604f3c001a3ff4de", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet military threat", "answer_start": 128}], "question": " What military thread did the CAF not protect against in Europe?", "id": "5ad3e0ba604f3c001a3ff4df", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet military threat", "answer_start": 128}], "question": " Approximately since what year was the CAF not stationed in Europe?", "id": "5ad3e0ba604f3c001a3ff4e0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "early 1990s", "answer_start": 252}], "question": "What year did the CAF join Europe?", "id": "5ad3e0ba604f3c001a3ff4e1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During the Cold War, a principal focus of Canadian defence policy was contributing to the security of Europe in the face of the Soviet military threat. Toward that end, Canadian ground and air forces were based in Europe from the early 1950s until the early 1990s."}], ["Walau bagaimanapun, sejak berakhirnya Perang Dingin, kerana Pertubuhan Perjanjian Atlantik Utara (NATO) telah memindahkan banyak fokus pertahanannya \"dari kawasan\", tentera Kanada juga telah menjadi lebih terlibat dalam operasi keselamatan antarabangsa di pelbagai bahagian lain dunia - yang paling penting di Afghanistan sejak tahun 2002. <> Apa Perjanjian adalah bahagian CAF? || Pertubuhan Perjanjian Atlantik Utara (NATO) <> Jenis operasi apakah Tentera Kanada terlibat? || operasi keselamatan antarabangsa <> Negara apakah yang pernah bekerja di Kanada pada tahun-tahun yang lalu? || Afghanistan <> Tahun apakah operasi tentera Kanada di Afghanistan bermula? || 2002 <> Di mana fokus semasa tentera Kanada ditetapkan? || out of area <> Apa yang dimaksud dengan NTAO? || <> Tahun apakah Perang Dingin berakhir? || <> Negara mana yang mula berperang pada tahun 2002? || <> Perjanjian Apa CAF bukan sebahagian daripada? || <> Jenis operasi apakah Tentera Kanada tidak terlibat dalam? || <> Negara mana yang mempunyai Tentera Kanada tidak bekerja pada tahun-tahun kebelakangan? || <> Berapa tahun operasi tentera Kanada di Afghanistan berakhir? || <> Di mana fokus semasa Tentera Kanada tidak ditetapkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What Treaty is the CAF part of?", "id": "56dde2f49a695914005b9656", "answers": [{"text": "the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of operation is the Canadian Military involved in?", "id": "56dde2f49a695914005b9657", "answers": [{"text": "international security operations", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country has the Canadian Military worked in the last years?", "id": "56dde2f49a695914005b9658", "answers": [{"text": "Afghanistan", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the Canadian Military operation in Afghanistan start?", "id": "56dde2f49a695914005b9659", "answers": [{"text": "2002", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the current focus of the Canadian Military set?", "id": "56dde2f49a695914005b965a", "answers": [{"text": "out of area", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "North Atlantic Treaty Organization", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "What does NTAO stand for?", "id": "5ad37630604f3c001a3fe339", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2002", "answer_start": 307}], "question": "What year did the Cold War end?", "id": "5ad37630604f3c001a3fe33a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Afghanistan", "answer_start": 289}], "question": "What country began war in 2002?", "id": "5ad37630604f3c001a3fe33b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "North Atlantic Treaty Organization", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "What Treaty is the CAF not part of?", "id": "5ad3e0ee604f3c001a3ff4e7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "international security operations", "answer_start": 201}], "question": " What type of operation is the Canadian Military uninvolved in?", "id": "5ad3e0ee604f3c001a3ff4e8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Afghanistan", "answer_start": 289}], "question": " What country has the Canadian Military not worked in the last years?", "id": "5ad3e0ee604f3c001a3ff4e9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2002", "answer_start": 307}], "question": "What year did the Canadian Military operation in Afghanistan end?", "id": "5ad3e0ee604f3c001a3ff4ea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "out of area", "answer_start": 126}], "question": " Where is the current focus of the Canadian Military not set?", "id": "5ad3e0ee604f3c001a3ff4eb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "However, since the end of the Cold War, as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has moved much of its defence focus \"out of area\", the Canadian military has also become more deeply engaged in international security operations in various other parts of the world \u2013 most notably in Afghanistan since 2002."}], ["Sebelum Konfederasi pada tahun 1867, penduduk jajahan di Kanada kini berkhidmat sebagai anggota tetap pasukan Perancis dan British dan dalam kumpulan milisi tempatan. Yang terakhir membantu pembelaan wilayah masing-masing terhadap serangan oleh kuasa-kuasa Eropah yang lain, orang Aborigine, dan kemudian pasukan Amerika semasa Perang Revolusi Amerika dan Perang 1812, serta dalam serbuan Fenian, Pemberontakan Sungai Merah, dan Barat Laut Pemberontakan. Akibatnya, keturunan beberapa unit tentera Kanada meregangkan kembali ke awal abad ke-19, apabila unit militia dibentuk untuk membantu mempertahankan Amerika Utara British terhadap pencerobohan oleh Amerika Syarikat. <> Tahun apakah Kanada bersatu dalam persekutuan? || 1867 <> Angkatan-angkatan negara apa yang dilakukan orang sebelum penyatuan? || Perancis dan British <> Apa salah satu ancaman yang dihadapi mereka? || Kuasa Eropah <> Apa perang Amerika mengancam Kanada? || Perang Revolusi Amerika <> Awal, apa yang mereka mempertahankan terhadap British? || pencerobohan oleh Amerika Syarikat <> Bilakah Konfederasi ditubuhkan? || <> Tahun apakah Perang Revolusi Amerika berlaku? || <> Siapa yang membantu dalam pembelaan semasa Pemberontakan Fenian? || <> Siapa yang dibantu dalam pertahanan semasa Red River Raids? || <> Bilakah unit tentera Kanada dibentuk? || <> Tahun apa tidak Kanada bersatu dalam pertandingan? || <> Daya-daya negara yang tidak dilayani oleh orang sebelum penyatuan? || <> Apakah salah satu ancaman yang tidak dihadapi mereka? || <> Apa perang Asia mengancam Kanada? || <> Awal, apa yang mereka tidak bertahan dengan British? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was Canada united in a confederation?", "id": "56dde56e9a695914005b967c", "answers": [{"text": "1867", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The forces of what countries did people serve before the unification?", "id": "56dde56e9a695914005b967d", "answers": [{"text": "French and British forces", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one of the threats that faced them?", "id": "56dde56e9a695914005b967e", "answers": [{"text": "European powers", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What American war threatened Canada?", "id": "56dde56e9a695914005b967f", "answers": [{"text": "the American Revolutionary War", "answer_start": 323}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Early on, what did they defend against with the British?", "id": "56dde56e9a695914005b9680", "answers": [{"text": "invasion by the United States", "answer_start": 634}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1867", "answer_start": 26}], "question": "When was the Confederation established?", "id": "5ad37907604f3c001a3fe3a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1812", "answer_start": 365}], "question": "What year did the American Revolutionary War take place?", "id": "5ad37907604f3c001a3fe3a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "British forces", "answer_start": 120}], "question": "Who aided in defence during the Fenian Rebellion?", "id": "5ad37907604f3c001a3fe3a9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "British forces", "answer_start": 120}], "question": "Who aided in defence during the Red River Raids?", "id": "5ad37907604f3c001a3fe3aa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "early 19th century", "answer_start": 525}], "question": "When were Canadian army units formed?", "id": "5ad37907604f3c001a3fe3ab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1867", "answer_start": 26}], "question": "What year wasn't Canada united in a confederation?", "id": "5ad3e456604f3c001a3ff571", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "French and British forces", "answer_start": 109}], "question": "The forces of what countries didn't people serve before the unification?", "id": "5ad3e456604f3c001a3ff572", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "European powers", "answer_start": 253}], "question": " What is one of the threats that didn't faced them?", "id": "5ad3e456604f3c001a3ff573", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "American Revolutionary War", "answer_start": 327}], "question": " What Asian war threatened Canada?", "id": "5ad3e456604f3c001a3ff574", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "invasion by the United States", "answer_start": 634}], "question": " Early on, what didn't they defend against with the British?", "id": "5ad3e456604f3c001a3ff575", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Prior to Confederation in 1867, residents of the colonies in what is now Canada served as regular members of French and British forces and in local militia groups. The latter aided in the defence of their respective territories against attacks by other European powers, Aboriginal peoples, and later American forces during the American Revolutionary War and War of 1812, as well as in the Fenian raids, Red River Rebellion, and North-West Rebellion. Consequently, the lineages of some Canadian army units stretch back to the early 19th century, when militia units were formed to assist in the defence of British North America against invasion by the United States."}], ["Selaras dengan misi dan keutamaan yang digariskan di atas, Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada juga menyumbang kepada perlakuan diplomasi pertahanan Kanada menerusi pelbagai kegiatan, termasuk penempatan Kanada Pertahanan Attach\u00e9, penyertaan dalam forum ketenteraan dua hala dan pelbagai hala (contohnya Sistem Kerjasama Antara Angkatan Udara Amerika), lawatan kapal dan pesawat terbang, latihan ketenteraan dan kerjasama, dan lain-lain jangkauan dan usaha pembinaan hubungan. <> Apakah keutamaan lain yang diberikan oleh Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada juga? || kelakuan diplomasi pertahanan Kanada <> Apakah satu contoh aktiviti lain yang dilakukan oleh CAF? || penyebaran Attach\u00e9 Pertahanan Kanada <> Apa lagi kuasa udara yang CAF bekerjasama? || Angkatan Udara Amerika <> Apakah salah satu kegiatan CAF berfungsi dengan negara lain? || latihan ketenteraan <> Apa usaha diplomatik yang dilakukan oleh CAF sebagai sebahagian tugasnya? || usaha membina hubungan <> Apa yang menyumbang kepada Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada? || <> Bagaimana Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada menyumbang kepada perlakuan diplomasi pertahanan Kanada? || <> Apakah Sistem Kerjasama Di antara Angkatan Udara Amerika contohnya? || <> Apakah keutamaan lain yang dilakukan oleh Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada tidak pernah menyumbang? || <> Apa yang tidak menjadi contoh aktiviti lain yang dilakukan oleh CAF? || <> Apa lagi daya udara yang CAF tidak bekerjasama? || <> Apakah salah satu aktiviti yang dijalankan oleh CFF dengan negara lain? || <> Apa usaha diplomatik yang CAF tidak melaksanakan sebagai sebahagian tugasnya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What other priority do the Canadian Armed Forces also contribute too?", "id": "56dde48b9a695914005b966c", "answers": [{"text": "conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of another activity that the CAF performs?", "id": "56dde48b9a695914005b966d", "answers": [{"text": "deployment of Canadian Defence Attach\u00e9s", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other air force does the CAF cooperate with?", "id": "56dde48b9a695914005b966e", "answers": [{"text": "the American Air Forces", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one of the activities the CAF works on with other countries?", "id": "56dde48b9a695914005b966f", "answers": [{"text": "military training", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What diplomatic effort does the CAF perform as part of it's duties?", "id": "56dde48b9a695914005b9670", "answers": [{"text": "relationship-building efforts", "answer_start": 446}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy", "answer_start": 105}], "question": "What do the Armed Canadian Forces contribute to?", "id": "5ad37810604f3c001a3fe38d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "including the deployment of Canadian Defence Attach\u00e9s, participation in bilateral and multilateral military forums", "answer_start": 178}], "question": "How does the Armed Canadian Forces contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy?", "id": "5ad37810604f3c001a3fe38e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "bilateral and multilateral military forums", "answer_start": 250}], "question": "What is the Cooperation System Among the American Air Forces an example of?", "id": "5ad37810604f3c001a3fe38f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy", "answer_start": 109}], "question": "What other priority do the Canadian Armed Forces never contribute too?", "id": "5ad3e3ca604f3c001a3ff55d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "deployment of Canadian Defence Attach\u00e9s", "answer_start": 192}], "question": " What is not an example of another activity that the CAF performs?", "id": "5ad3e3ca604f3c001a3ff55e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "American Air Forces", "answer_start": 335}], "question": " What other air force does the CAF not cooperate with?", "id": "5ad3e3ca604f3c001a3ff55f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "military training", "answer_start": 383}], "question": "What is one of the activities the CFF works on with other countries?", "id": "5ad3e3ca604f3c001a3ff560", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "relationship-building efforts", "answer_start": 446}], "question": "What diplomatic effort does the CAF doesn't perform as part of it's duties?", "id": "5ad3e3ca604f3c001a3ff561", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Consistent with the missions and priorities outlined above, the Canadian Armed Forces also contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy through a range of activities, including the deployment of Canadian Defence Attach\u00e9s, participation in bilateral and multilateral military forums (e.g. the System of Cooperation Among the American Air Forces), ship and aircraft visits, military training and cooperation, and other such outreach and relationship-building efforts."}], ["Tanggungjawab untuk memerintah tentera tetaplah dengan Mahkota British dalam Dewan, dengan komandan ketua Amerika Utara yang ditempatkan di Halifax sehinggalah penarikan akhir Tentara Britania dan unit Tentera Laut Diraja dari kota itu pada tahun 1906. Selanjutnya, Royal Canadian Tentera Laut dibentuk, dan, dengan adanya penerbangan ketenteraan, Tentera Udara Diraja Kanada. Pasukan-pasukan ini dianjurkan di bawah Jabatan Militia dan Pertahanan, dan berpecah kepada Militia Aktif Kekal dan Tidak Tetap-sering dipendekkan kepada Milisia. Menjelang 1923, jabatan itu digabungkan menjadi Jabatan Pertahanan Negara, tetapi tentera darat di Kanada tidak dirujuk sebagai Tentera Kanada sehingga November 1940. <> Yang pada mulanya mempunyai perintah ketenteraan? || British Crown-in-Council <> Di mana komander-in-chief ditempatkan? || Halifax <> Bilakah Tentera British dan Tentera Laut Diraja menarik diri dari Halifax? || 1906 <> Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada pada awalnya dianjurkan di bawah jabatan apa? || Jabatan Militia dan Pertahanan <> Bilakah penyatuan lengkap semua pasukan Kanada dipanggil Angkatan Tentera Kanada? || November 1940 <> Apa tanggungjawab kekal dengan ketua komander untuk Amerika Utara? || <> Dimana British Crown-in-Council ditempatkan? || <> Tahun apakah Tentera Laut Diraja Kanada dibentuk? || <> Bilakah angkatan darat disebut sebagai Tentera Kanada? || <> Yang pada mulanya tidak mempunyai arahan ketenteraan? || <> Di mana ketua setiausaha ditugaskan? || <> Bilakah Tentera Perancis dan Tentera Laut Diraja menarik diri dari Halifax? || <> Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada pada awalnya tidak teratur di bawah jabatan apa? || <> Bilakah penyatuan lengkap semua pasukan Kanada dipanggil Tentera Perancis? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who initially had military command?", "id": "56dde6229a695914005b9686", "answers": [{"text": "the British Crown-in-Council", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the commander-in-chief stationed?", "id": "56dde6229a695914005b9687", "answers": [{"text": "Halifax", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the British Army and Royal Navy withdraw from Halifax?", "id": "56dde6229a695914005b9688", "answers": [{"text": "1906", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Canadian Armed Forces were initially organized under what department?", "id": "56dde6229a695914005b9689", "answers": [{"text": "the Department of Militia and Defence", "answer_start": 392}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the unification complete of all the Canadian forces to be called the Canadian Army?", "id": "56dde6229a695914005b968a", "answers": [{"text": "November 1940", "answer_start": 688}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The responsibility for military command", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What responsibility remained with a commander-in-chief for North America?", "id": "5ad38041604f3c001a3fe465", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Halifax", "answer_start": 141}], "question": "Where was the British Crown-in-Council stationed?", "id": "5ad38041604f3c001a3fe466", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1906", "answer_start": 231}], "question": "What year was the Royal Canadian Navy formed?", "id": "5ad38041604f3c001a3fe467", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "November 1940", "answer_start": 688}], "question": "When were land forces referred to as the Army of Canada?", "id": "5ad38041604f3c001a3fe468", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "British Crown-in-Council", "answer_start": 58}], "question": "Who initially didn't have military command?", "id": "5ad3e48f604f3c001a3ff585", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Halifax", "answer_start": 141}], "question": " Where was the secretary-in-chief stationed?", "id": "5ad3e48f604f3c001a3ff586", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1906", "answer_start": 231}], "question": " When did the French Army and Royal Navy withdraw from Halifax?", "id": "5ad3e48f604f3c001a3ff587", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Department of Militia and Defence", "answer_start": 396}], "question": "The Canadian Armed Forces were initially disorganized under what department?", "id": "5ad3e48f604f3c001a3ff588", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "November 1940", "answer_start": 688}], "question": " When did the unification complete of all the Canadian forces to be called the French Army?", "id": "5ad3e48f604f3c001a3ff589", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The responsibility for military command remained with the British Crown-in-Council, with a commander-in-chief for North America stationed at Halifax until the final withdrawal of British Army and Royal Navy units from that city in 1906. Thereafter, the Royal Canadian Navy was formed, and, with the advent of military aviation, the Royal Canadian Air Force. These forces were organised under the Department of Militia and Defence, and split into the Permanent and Non-Permanent Active Militias\u2014frequently shortened to simply The Militia. By 1923, the department was merged into the Department of National Defence, but land forces in Canada were not referred to as the Canadian Army until November 1940."}], ["Selepas tahun 1980-an, penggunaan nama \"Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada\" memberi laluan kepada \"Angkatan Kanada\"; [rujukan?] Nama \"Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada\" kembali pada tahun 2013. <> Apa nama lama Angkatan Kanada? || Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada <> Bilakah nama Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada berhenti? || Selepas 1980-an <> Bilakah nama-nama Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada diterbitkan semula? || 2013 <> Apakah nama baru Angkatan Tentera Kanada? || Angkatan Kanada <> Apakah nama baru Angkatan Kanada? || <> Bilakah tentera Perancis tamat? || <> Bilakah nama Angkatan Bersenjata Perancis diperkenalkan semula? || <> Apakah nama baru Angkatan Tentera Perancis? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the old name of the Canadian Forces?", "id": "56ddead69a695914005b96ae", "answers": [{"text": "Canadian Armed Forces", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Canadian Armed Forces name cease to be?", "id": "56ddead69a695914005b96af", "answers": [{"text": "After the 1980s", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Canadian Armed Forces name reintroduced?", "id": "56ddead69a695914005b96b0", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the new name of the Canadian Armed Forces?", "id": "56ddead69a695914005b96b1", "answers": [{"text": "Canadian Forces", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Canadian Armed Forces", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "What is the new name of the Canadian Forces?", "id": "5ad3e6c3604f3c001a3ff5df", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1980s", "answer_start": 10}], "question": " When did the French Armed Forces end?", "id": "5ad3e6c3604f3c001a3ff5e0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 154}], "question": " When was the French Armed Forces name reintroduced?", "id": "5ad3e6c3604f3c001a3ff5e1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Canadian Forces", "answer_start": 74}], "question": "What was the new name of the French Armed Forces?", "id": "5ad3e6c3604f3c001a3ff5e2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "After the 1980s, the use of the \"Canadian Armed Forces\" name gave way to \"Canadian Forces\";[citation needed] The \"Canadian Armed Forces\" name returned in 2013."}], ["Angkatan Tanah dalam tempoh ini juga digunakan untuk menyokong operasi pengaman di dalam Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu yang menimbulkan konflik. Sifat Angkatan Kanada terus berkembang. Mereka telah ditempatkan di Afghanistan sehingga 2011, di bawah Pasukan Bantuan Keselamatan Antarabangsa (ISAF) yang dipimpin NATO, atas permintaan Kerajaan Afghanistan. <> Pasukan apa yang dihantar untuk menyokong pengaman? || Angkatan Tanah <> Hingga masa tentera Kanada di Afghanistan? || 2011 <> Apa daya orang Kanada di Afghanistan? || ISAF <> Siapa yang meminta bantuan orang Kanada? || Kerajaan Afghanistan <> Apa jenis operasi yang kebanyakannya dilakukan oleh pasukan Kanada? || pasukan pengaman <> Pasukan apa yang dihantar keluar daripada penahanan pengaman? || <> Sehingga ketika pasukan Kanada di Iraq? || <> Kekuatan mana-mana bahagian Kanada di Iraq? || <> Siapa yang meminta bantuan Perancis? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What forces were sent out in support of peacekeeping?", "id": "56de2b36cffd8e1900b4b602", "answers": [{"text": "Land Forces", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Until when were Canadian forces in Afghanistan?", "id": "56de2b36cffd8e1900b4b603", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What force were the Canadians part of in Afghanistan?", "id": "56de2b36cffd8e1900b4b604", "answers": [{"text": "ISAF", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who requested the aid of the Canadians?", "id": "56de2b36cffd8e1900b4b605", "answers": [{"text": "the Government of Afghanistan", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of operations were mainly done by Canadian forces?", "id": "56de2b36cffd8e1900b4b606", "answers": [{"text": "peacekeeping", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Land Forces", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What forces were sent out out of rejection of peacekeeping?", "id": "5ad3e6f3604f3c001a3ff5e7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 231}], "question": " Until when were Canadian forces in Iraq?", "id": "5ad3e6f3604f3c001a3ff5e8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ISAF", "answer_start": 312}], "question": " What force were the Canadians part of in Iraq?", "id": "5ad3e6f3604f3c001a3ff5e9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "peacekeeping", "answer_start": 59}], "question": " Who requested the aid of the French?", "id": "5ad3e6f3604f3c001a3ff5ea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Land Forces during this period also deployed in support of peacekeeping operations within United Nations sanctioned conflicts. The nature of the Canadian Forces has continued to evolve. They have been deployed in Afghanistan until 2011, under the NATO-led United Nations International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), at the request of the Government of Afghanistan."}], ["Pertempuran yang sangat terkenal dengan tentera Kanada termasuk Pertempuran Vimy Ridge, Dieppe Raid, Pertempuran Ortona, Pertempuran Passchendaele, Norman Pendaratan, Pertempuran Caen, Pertempuran Scheldt, Pertempuran Britain, Pertempuran Atlantik, pengeboman strategik bandar-bandar Jerman, dan lebih baru-baru ini Pertempuran Medak Pocket, di Croatia. <> Apa perang Dunia Perang II yang terkenal adalah bahagian Ketenteraan Kanada? || Normand Pendaratan <> Apa usaha Tentera Kanada yang dikenali di Jerman? || pengeboman strategik bandar-bandar Jerman <> Pertempuran Apa di Perancis adalah Tentera Kanada yang terkenal? || Pertempuran Vimy Ridge <> Negara apakah usaha terbaru Tentera Kanada? || Croatia <> Siapa Battle of Normandy Landings dan Raid Ridge Vimy terkenal? || <> Siapa Peperangan Dieppe dan Pertempuran Medak Pocket terkenal? || <> Apa pertempuran Perang Dunia II yang terkenal adalah bahagian Ketenteraan Perancis? || <> Apa usaha Tentera Kanada yang diketahui di Perancis? || <> Pertempuran Apa di Perancis adalah Tentera Kanada yang tidak dikenali? || <> Negara apakah usaha terbaru Tentera Perancis? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What famous World War II battle was the Canadian Military part of?", "id": "56dde8e466d3e219004dade0", "answers": [{"text": "the Normandy Landings", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What effort was the Canadian Military known for in Germany?", "id": "56dde8e466d3e219004dade1", "answers": [{"text": "the strategic bombing of German cities", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Battle in France was the Canadian Military known for?", "id": "56dde8e466d3e219004dade2", "answers": [{"text": "the Battle of Vimy Ridge", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country was the latest Canadian Military effort?", "id": "56dde8e466d3e219004dade3", "answers": [{"text": "Croatia", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Canadian military", "answer_start": 42}], "question": "Who are the Battle of Normandy Landings and the Vimy Ridge Raid notable to?", "id": "5ad38619604f3c001a3fe553", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Canadian military", "answer_start": 42}], "question": "Who are the Battle of Dieppe and the Battle of Medak Pocket notable to?", "id": "5ad38619604f3c001a3fe554", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Normandy Landings", "answer_start": 170}], "question": "What famous World War II battle was the French Military part of?", "id": "5ad3e62f604f3c001a3ff5bf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "strategic bombing of German cities", "answer_start": 292}], "question": " What effort was the Canadian Military known for in France?", "id": "5ad3e62f604f3c001a3ff5c0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Battle of Vimy Ridge", "answer_start": 76}], "question": " What Battle in France was the Canadian Military not known for?", "id": "5ad3e62f604f3c001a3ff5c1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Croatia", "answer_start": 377}], "question": " What country was the latest French Military effort?", "id": "5ad3e62f604f3c001a3ff5c2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Battles which are particularly notable to the Canadian military include the Battle of Vimy Ridge, the Dieppe Raid, the Battle of Ortona, the Battle of Passchendaele, the Normandy Landings, the Battle for Caen, the Battle of the Scheldt, the Battle of Britain, the Battle of the Atlantic, the strategic bombing of German cities, and more recently the Battle of Medak Pocket, in Croatia."}], ["Usaha pembaharuan dan penyelenggaraan semula tahun 2006 telah menghasilkan pemerolehan peralatan tertentu (tangki pertempuran utama, artileri, kenderaan udara tanpa pemandu dan sistem lain) untuk menyokong misi di Afghanistan. Ia juga telah merangkumi inisiatif untuk memperbaharui \"keupayaan teras\" tertentu (seperti armada pesawat pengangkutan jarak sederhana angkatan udara - C-130 Hercules - dan trak tentera dan armada kenderaan berperisai). Di samping itu, sistem baru (seperti pesawat pengangkutan strategik C-17 Globemaster III dan helikopter helikopter CH-47 Chinook) juga telah diperolehi untuk Angkatan Tentera. Walaupun daya maju Strategi Pertahanan Pertama Kanada terus mengalami kemunduran dari faktor fiskal dan faktor yang mencabar dan berkembang, pada mulanya bertujuan untuk: <> Peralatan apa yang diperoleh untuk membantu di Afghanistan? || tangki pertempuran utama, artileri, kenderaan udara tanpa pemandu <> Apakah pesawat pengangkutan yang besar adalah sebahagian daripada misi CAF? || C-130 Hercules <> Apa jenis helikopter baru yang baru diperoleh? || CH-47 Chinook helikopter angkat berat <> Bilakah usaha pembaharuan dan penyelenggaraan semula bermula? || 2006 <> Peralatan apa yang dibeli untuk membantu di Iraq? || <> Apakah pesawat pengangkutan kecil adalah sebahagian daripada misi CAF? || <> Apa jenis helikopter baru yang baru tidak diperoleh? || <> Bilakah usaha pembaharuan dan penyelenggaraan selesai? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What equipment was acquired to aid in Afghanistan?", "id": "56dee117c65bf219000b3dad", "answers": [{"text": "main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What large transport plane is part of the CAF mission?", "id": "56dee117c65bf219000b3dae", "answers": [{"text": "C-130 Hercules", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What new type of helicopter was recently acquired?", "id": "56dee117c65bf219000b3daf", "answers": [{"text": "CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopters", "answer_start": 514}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the renewal and re-equipment effort started?", "id": "56dee117c65bf219000b3db1", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles and other systems", "answer_start": 96}], "question": " What equipment was acquired to aid in Iraq?", "id": "5ad3e794604f3c001a3ff60f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "C-130 Hercules", "answer_start": 358}], "question": " What small transport plane is part of the CAF mission?", "id": "5ad3e794604f3c001a3ff610", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CH-47 Chinook", "answer_start": 514}], "question": " What new type of helicopter was not recently acquired?", "id": "5ad3e794604f3c001a3ff611", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 4}], "question": " When was the renewal and re-equipment effort ended?", "id": "5ad3e794604f3c001a3ff612", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The 2006 renewal and re-equipment effort has resulted in the acquisition of specific equipment (main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles and other systems) to support the mission in Afghanistan. It has also encompassed initiatives to renew certain so-called \"core capabilities\" (such as the air force's medium range transport aircraft fleet \u2013 the C-130 Hercules \u2013 and the army's truck and armoured vehicle fleets). In addition, new systems (such as C-17 Globemaster III strategic transport aircraft and CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopters) have also been acquired for the Armed Forces. Although the viability of the Canada First Defence Strategy continues to suffer setbacks from challenging and evolving fiscal and other factors, it originally aimed to:"}], ["Pada tahun 2008, Kerajaan Kanada membuat usaha, melalui Strategi Pertahanan Pertama Canada, untuk memodenkan Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada, melalui pembelian peralatan baru, latihan dan kesediaan yang lebih baik, serta penubuhan Rejimen Operasi Khas Kanada. Lebih banyak dana juga diambil terhadap pengambilan pekerja, yang telah berkurang sepanjang 1980-an dan 90-an, mungkin kerana rakyat Kanada telah melihat CAF sebagai pejuang perdamaian dan bukan sebagai askar, seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam kaji selidik 2008 yang dijalankan untuk Jabatan Pertahanan Negara . Jajak pendapat mendapati hampir dua pertiga dari Kanada bersetuju dengan penyertaan negara dalam pencerobohan Afghanistan, dan bahawa tentera harus lebih kuat, tetapi juga tujuan pasukan harus berbeza, seperti yang lebih menumpukan pada menanggapi bencana alam. Kemudian CDS, Walter Natynczyk, berkata pada tahun itu bahawa semasa merekrut menjadi lebih berjaya, CF menghadapi masalah dengan kadar kehilangan anggota sedia ada, yang meningkat antara tahun 2006 dan 2008 dari 6% hingga 9.2% setiap tahun. <> Apa usaha yang dipanggil untuk meningkatkan Angkatan Kanada? || Strategi Pertahanan Pertama Kanada <> Bagaimana Angkatan Kanada dinaikkan pada tahun 2008? || melalui pembelian peralatan baru, latihan dan kesediaan yang lebih baik <> Apakah masalah utama yang CAF cuba untuk menangani saat ini? || kehilangan anggota sedia ada <> Apa usaha yang dipanggil menurunkan Angkatan Kanada? || <> Bagaimana Angkatan Kanada dinaikkan pada tahun 2018? || <> Apakah masalah utama yang CAF tidak cuba untuk menangani saat ini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the effort called to upgrade the Canadian Forces?", "id": "56dedffec65bf219000b3da3", "answers": [{"text": "the Canada First Defence Strategy", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How were the Canadian Forces upgraded in 2008?", "id": "56dedffec65bf219000b3da4", "answers": [{"text": "through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What major problem is the CAF trying to address currently?", "id": "56dedffec65bf219000b3da7", "answers": [{"text": "loss of existing members", "answer_start": 990}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Canada First Defence Strategy", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "What was the effort called to downgrade the Canadian Forces?", "id": "5ad3e76d604f3c001a3ff601", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "through the purchase of new equipment", "answer_start": 130}], "question": " How were the Canadian Forces upgraded in 2018?", "id": "5ad3e76d604f3c001a3ff602", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "loss of existing members", "answer_start": 990}], "question": " What major problem is the CAF not trying to address currently?", "id": "5ad3e76d604f3c001a3ff603", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds were also put towards recruitment, which had been dwindling throughout the 1980s and '90s, possibly because the Canadian populace had come to perceive the CAF as peacekeepers rather than as soldiers, as shown in a 2008 survey conducted for the Department of National Defence. The poll found that nearly two thirds of Canadians agreed with the country's participation in the invasion of Afghanistan, and that the military should be stronger, but also that the purpose of the forces should be different, such as more focused on responding to natural disasters. Then CDS, Walter Natynczyk, said later that year that while recruiting has become more successful, the CF was facing a problem with its rate of loss of existing members, which increased between 2006 and 2008 from 6% to 9.2% annually."}], ["Pada akhir Perang Dunia Kedua, Kanada memiliki angkatan udara keempat terbesar dan armada permukaan angkatan laut kelima terbesar di dunia, serta tentera sukarelawan terbesar yang pernah diterjunkan. Pemberhentian untuk perkhidmatan di luar negara diperkenalkan hanya pada akhir perang, dan hanya 2,400 orang yang melakukan penyerahan sebenarnya membuatnya menjadi pertempuran. Pada mulanya, Kanada dianggap mempunyai tentera laut ketiga terbesar di dunia, tetapi dengan kejatuhan Kesatuan Soviet, data baru berdasarkan sumber Jepun dan Soviet mendapati bahawa tidak betul. <> Kanada mempunyai tentera terbesar semasa Perang Dunia Kedua? || tentera sukarelawan yang terbesar pernah <> Apa negara jatuh menyediakan dengan lebih banyak maklumat tentang saiz tentera Kanada? || Soviet Union <> Yang mana negara lain mempunyai tentera laut yang cukup besar? || Jepun <> Bilakah Kanada memiliki kuasa udara kelima terbesar? || <> Bilakah Kanada mempunyai armada permukaan laut terbesar keempat? || <> Apa yang diperkenalkan pada akhir perang? || <> Berapa ramai askar yang memasuki armada permukaan laut? || <> Kanada mempunyai tentera terbesar semasa Perang Dunia Ketiga? || <> Apa negara yang jatuh dengan menyediakan maklumat kurang mengenai saiz tentera Kanada? || <> Di mana negara lain mempunyai tentera laut kecil? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Canada had which biggest army during the Second World War?", "id": "56dde9c366d3e219004dadf2", "answers": [{"text": "the largest volunteer army ever", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country fell providing with more information on Canada's army size?", "id": "56dde9c366d3e219004dadf4", "answers": [{"text": "the Soviet Union", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which other country had a sizable naval army?", "id": "56dde9c366d3e219004dadf5", "answers": [{"text": "Japanese", "answer_start": 458}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "At the end of the Second World War", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "When did Canada possess the fifth-largest air force?", "id": "5ad38945604f3c001a3fe583", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "At the end of the Second World War", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "When did Canada possess the fourth-largest naval surface fleet?", "id": "5ad38945604f3c001a3fe584", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Conscription for overseas service", "answer_start": 186}], "question": "What was introduced at then end of the war?", "id": "5ad38945604f3c001a3fe585", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2,400", "answer_start": 274}], "question": "How many conscripts made it into the naval surface fleet?", "id": "5ad38945604f3c001a3fe586", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "largest volunteer army ever fielded", "answer_start": 149}], "question": "Canada had which biggest army during the Third World War?", "id": "5ad3e64f604f3c001a3ff5c7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet Union", "answer_start": 426}], "question": "What country fell providing with less information on Canada's army size?", "id": "5ad3e64f604f3c001a3ff5c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Japanese", "answer_start": 458}], "question": " Which other country had a small naval army?", "id": "5ad3e64f604f3c001a3ff5c9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "At the end of the Second World War, Canada possessed the fourth-largest air force and fifth-largest naval surface fleet in the world, as well as the largest volunteer army ever fielded. Conscription for overseas service was introduced only near the end of the war, and only 2,400 conscripts actually made it into battle. Originally, Canada was thought to have had the third-largest navy in the world, but with the fall of the Soviet Union, new data based on Japanese and Soviet sources found that to be incorrect."}], ["Serangan semasa Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada bermula dari 1 Februari 1968, apabila Tentera Laut Diraja Kanada, Angkatan Tentera Kanada, dan Tentera Udara Diraja Kanada digabungkan menjadi struktur bersatu dan digantikan oleh arahan unsur. Bagaimanapun, akarnya terletak pada kelompok milisi penjajah yang berkhidmat bersama dengan garnison pasukan dan tentera Perancis dan British; satu struktur yang kekal di tempat sehingga awal abad ke-20. Selepas itu, sebuah tentera dan tentera laut Kanada yang jelas telah ditubuhkan, diikuti oleh angkatan udara, bahawa, oleh kerana pengaturan perlembagaan pada masa itu, terus berada di bawah kawalan kerajaan British sehingga Kanada memperoleh kemerdekaan perundangan dari United Kingdom pada tahun 1931, sebahagiannya kerana pencapaian dan pengorbanan Kor Kanada dalam Perang Dunia Pertama. <> Bilakah Paksa Ketenteraan Kanada menjadi? || 1 Februari 1968 <> Apa yang sebahagian besarnya terdiri daripada Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada? || Tentera Laut Diraja Kanada, Angkatan Tentera Kanada, dan Tentera Udara Diraja Kanada <> Apa yang menghalang Kanada daripada memiliki tentera mereka sendiri pada permulaan? || Kerajaan British <> Bilakah Kanada mendapat kemerdekaan dari United Kingdom? || 1931 <> Apa perang yang dibantu oleh perundangan perundangan Kanada? || Perang Dunia Pertama <> Bilakah Angkatan Bersenjata Perancis menjadi? || <> Apakah Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada tidak terdiri daripada? || <> Apa yang membolehkan Kanada untuk memiliki tentera mereka sendiri pada permulaan? || <> Bilakah Kanada kehilangan kemerdekaan dari United Kingdom? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Canadian Armed Forced become to be?", "id": "56ddea5166d3e219004dadfb", "answers": [{"text": "1 February 1968", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the Canadian Armed Forces mostly consist of?", "id": "56ddea5166d3e219004dadfc", "answers": [{"text": "the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What prevented Canada from fully having their own army at the start?", "id": "56ddea5166d3e219004dadfd", "answers": [{"text": "the British government", "answer_start": 616}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Canada gain independence from the United Kingdom?", "id": "56ddea5166d3e219004dadfe", "answers": [{"text": "1931", "answer_start": 711}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What war aided Canadian legislative independence?", "id": "56ddea5166d3e219004dadff", "answers": [{"text": "the First World War", "answer_start": 801}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1 February 1968", "answer_start": 62}], "question": " When did the French Armed Forced become to be?", "id": "5ad3e69e604f3c001a3ff5d7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force", "answer_start": 88}], "question": " What does the Canadian Armed Forces not consist of?", "id": "5ad3e69e604f3c001a3ff5d8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "British government", "answer_start": 620}], "question": "What allowed Canada to fully having their own army at the start?", "id": "5ad3e69e604f3c001a3ff5d9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1931", "answer_start": 711}], "question": "When did Canada lose independence from the United Kingdom?", "id": "5ad3e69e604f3c001a3ff5da", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The current iteration of the Canadian Armed Forces dates from 1 February 1968, when the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force were merged into a unified structure and superseded by elemental commands. Its roots, however, lie in colonial militia groups that served alongside garrisons of the French and British armies and navies; a structure that remained in place until the early 20th century. Thereafter, a distinctly Canadian army and navy was established, followed by an air force, that, because of the constitutional arrangements at the time, remained effectively under the control of the British government until Canada gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931, in part due to the distinguished achievement and sacrifice of the Canadian Corps in the First World War."}], ["Angkatan Bersenjata kini dibiayai oleh kira-kira $ 20.1 bilion setiap tahun dan pada masa ini menduduki tempat ke-74 berbanding dengan angkatan bersenjata yang lain di dunia dengan bilangan jumlah kakitangan, dan 58 dari segi anggota aktif, berdiri pada kekuatan kira-kira 68,000, ditambah 27,000 anggota , 5000 Rangers, dan 19,000 rizab tambahan, membawa jumlah keseluruhan kepada kira-kira 119,000. Bilangan kakitangan rizab utama dijangka meningkat kepada 30,000 pada tahun 2020, dan bilangan aktif kepada sekurang-kurangnya 70,000. Di samping itu, 5000 rangers dan 19,000 kakitangan tambahan akan berkhidmat. Sekiranya ini berlaku, jumlah kekuatannya adalah sekitar 124,000. Individu ini berkhidmat di banyak pangkalan CF yang terletak di semua wilayah di negara ini, dan ditadbir oleh Peraturan dan Pesanan Ratu dan Akta Pertahanan Nasional. <> Apa kos tahunan Angkatan Kanada hari ini? || kira-kira $ 20.1 bilion <> Bagaimanakah tentera Kanada berada dalam saiz berbanding tentera lain? || Berukuran 74 <> Berapakah kekuatan Angkatan Kanada? || kira-kira 119,000 <> Dengan apa tarikh kakitangan rizab utama dianggarkan meningkat sebanyak 30,000? || 2020 <> Berapa jumlah Angkatan Kanada yang dianggarkan pada tahun 2020? || sekitar 124,000 <> Apa kos tahunan Angkatan Kanada semalam? || <> Bagaimanakah tentera Perancis berada dalam kedudukan berbanding dengan tentera lain? || <> Berapakah jumlah pasukan Angkatan Perancis? || <> Dengan apa tarikh kakitangan rizab sekunder yang dianggarkan meningkat 30,000? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Today's annual cost of the Canadian Forces?", "id": "56dedf113277331400b4d791", "answers": [{"text": "approximately $20.1 billion", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are the Canadian forces ranked in size compared to other military?", "id": "56dedf113277331400b4d792", "answers": [{"text": "74th in size", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the total force of the Canadian Forces?", "id": "56dedf113277331400b4d793", "answers": [{"text": "approximately 119,000", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what date is the primary reserve personnel estimated to go up by 30,000?", "id": "56dedf113277331400b4d794", "answers": [{"text": "2020", "answer_start": 464}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the total amount of Canadian Forces estimated to be in 2020?", "id": "56dedf113277331400b4d795", "answers": [{"text": "around 124,000", "answer_start": 637}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "$20.1 billion", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "What is yesterday's annual cost of the Canadian Forces?", "id": "5ad3e725604f3c001a3ff5ef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "74th in size", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "How are the French forces ranked in size compared to other military?", "id": "5ad3e725604f3c001a3ff5f0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "119,000", "answer_start": 381}], "question": "What is the total force of the French Forces?", "id": "5ad3e725604f3c001a3ff5f1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2020", "answer_start": 464}], "question": "By what date is the secondary reserve personnel estimated to go up by 30,000?", "id": "5ad3e725604f3c001a3ff5f2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Armed Forces are today funded by approximately $20.1 billion annually and are presently ranked 74th in size compared to the world's other armed forces by number of total personnel, and 58th in terms of active personnel, standing at a strength of roughly 68,000, plus 27,000 reservists, 5000 Rangers, and 19,000 supplementary reserves, bringing the total force to approximately 119,000. The number of primary reserve personnel is expected to go up to 30,000 by 2020, and the number of active to at least 70,000. In addition, 5000 rangers and 19,000 supplementary personnel will be serving. If this happens the total strength would be around 124,000. These individuals serve on numerous CF bases located in all regions of the country, and are governed by the Queen's Regulations and Orders and the National Defence Act."}], ["Pada tahun 1950-an, pengambilan wanita terbuka kepada peranan dalam bidang perubatan, komunikasi, logistik, dan pentadbiran. Peranan wanita di CAF mula berkembang pada tahun 1971, selepas Jabatan mengkaji cadangan-cadangan Suruhanjaya Diraja mengenai Status Wanita, yang pada waktu itu mengangkat siling 1,500 anggota wanita, dan secara beransur-ansur mengembangkan peluang pekerjaan ke dalam bidang non- pengendali kenderaan dan mekanik kawasan tradisional, mekanik pesawat, pengawal trafik udara, polis tentera, dan anggota bomba. Jabatan selanjutnya mengkaji semula kebijakan personel pada tahun 1978 dan 1985, setelah Parlemen meluluskan Akta Hak Asasi Manusia Kanada dan Piagam Hak dan Kebebasan Kanada. Hasil kajian ini, Jabatan mengubah dasarnya untuk membenarkan wanita berkhidmat di laut dalam kapal pengisian semula dan dalam tender menyelam, dengan batalion perkhidmatan tentera, dalam platun polis tentera dan unit ambulans lapangan, dan dalam kebanyakan skuadron udara. <> Apakah peranan wanita yang direkrut pada tahun 1950-an? || perubatan, komunikasi, logistik dan pentadbiran <> Berapa tahun pengambilan lanjut untuk wanita dibuka di CAF? || 1971 <> Apakah tugas bukan tradisional yang diambil oleh wanita pada tahun 1970-an? || pemandu kenderaan dan mekanik, mekanik pesawat, pengawal trafik udara <> Mengapa wanita akhirnya dibenarkan berkhidmat di laut di CAF? || Jabatan mengubah dasarnya <> Apa piagam yang langsung mempengaruhi hak perempuan untuk berkhidmat di CAF? || Piagam Hak dan Kebebasan Kanada <> Apakah peranan wanita yang diambil pada tahun 1980-an? || <> Berapa tahun lagi pengambilan untuk lelaki dibuka di CAF? || <> Apa tugas bukan tradisional yang diambil oleh wanita pada tahun 1990-an? || <> Mengapa orang akhirnya dibenarkan berkhidmat di laut di CAF? || <> Apa piagam yang menjejaskan hak seorang lelaki untuk berkhidmat di CAF? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What roles were women recruited for in the 1950s?", "id": "56dee1f8c65bf219000b3dc7", "answers": [{"text": "medicine, communication, logistics, and administration", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did further recruitment for women open in the CAF?", "id": "56dee1f8c65bf219000b3dc8", "answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What non traditional tasks were women recruited for in the 1970s?", "id": "56dee1f8c65bf219000b3dc9", "answers": [{"text": "vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers", "answer_start": 410}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why were women eventually allowed to serve at sea in the CAF?", "id": "56dee1f8c65bf219000b3dca", "answers": [{"text": "the Department changed its policies", "answer_start": 723}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What charter directly affected a women's right to serve in the CAF?", "id": "56dee1f8c65bf219000b3dcb", "answers": [{"text": "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms", "answer_start": 652}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "medicine, communication, logistics, and administration", "answer_start": 60}], "question": " What roles were women recruited for in the 1980s?", "id": "5ad3e7dd604f3c001a3ff617", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 165}], "question": " What year did further recruitment for men open in the CAF?", "id": "5ad3e7dd604f3c001a3ff618", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers, military police, and firefighters", "answer_start": 410}], "question": " What non traditional tasks were women recruited for in the 1990s?", "id": "5ad3e7dd604f3c001a3ff619", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Department changed its policies", "answer_start": 727}], "question": " Why were men eventually allowed to serve at sea in the CAF?", "id": "5ad3e7dd604f3c001a3ff61a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms", "answer_start": 652}], "question": "What charter directly affected a man's right to serve in the CAF?", "id": "5ad3e7dd604f3c001a3ff61b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the 1950s, the recruitment of women was open to roles in medicine, communication, logistics, and administration. The roles of women in the CAF began to expand in 1971, after the Department reviewed the recommendations of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women, at which time it lifted the ceiling of 1,500 women personnel, and gradually expanded employment opportunities into the non-traditional areas\u2014vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers, military police, and firefighters. The Department further reviewed personnel policies in 1978 and 1985, after Parliament passed the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. As a result of these reviews, the Department changed its policies to permit women to serve at sea in replenishment ships and in a diving tender, with the army service battalions, in military police platoons and field ambulance units, and in most air squadrons."}], ["Sejak tahun 1947, unit ketenteraan Kanada telah mengambil bahagian dalam lebih daripada 200 operasi di seluruh dunia, dan menyelesaikan 72 operasi antarabangsa. Tentera Kanada, pelayar, dan penyerang Kanada dianggap sebagai profesional kelas dunia melalui perkhidmatan yang mudah dilihat semasa konflik dan penyertaan integral negara di NATO semasa Perang Dingin, Perang Teluk Pertama, Perang Kosovo, dan operasi Pengaman PBB, seperti Krisis Suez, Dataran Tinggi Golan, Cyprus, Croatia, Bosnia, Afghanistan, dan Libya. Kanada mengekalkan syarikat penerbangan pesawat dari 1957 hingga 1970 semasa Perang Dingin, yang tidak pernah melihat pertempuran tetapi turut serta dalam rondaan semasa Krisis Peluru Berpandu Cuba. <> Berapa banyak operasi yang mempunyai Tentera Kanada menjadi sebahagian daripada sejak tahun 1947? || lebih daripada 200 operasi <> Berapa banyak operasi telah diselesaikan oleh Tentera Kanada di peringkat antarabangsa? || 72 <> Apakah beberapa peperangan yang terlibat dalam Ketenteraan Kanada? || Perang Dingin, Perang Teluk Pertama, Perang Kosovo <> Apa usaha menjaga keamanan adalah bahagian Ketenteraan Kanada? || Operasi Pengamankan Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu <> Apa jenis kenderaan tentera yang dipelihara hampir 15 tahun tetapi tidak pernah melihat apa-apa tindakan semasa krisis Cuba? || pengangkut pesawat <> Apa unit ketenteraan telah menyelesaikan lebih daripada 200 operasi di seluruh dunia? || <> Berapa banyak operasi antarabangsa yang telah dipersetujui oleh unit ketenteraan Kanada sejak tahun 1947? || <> Apa yang telah dilakukan unit tentera Kanada sejak tahun 1974? || <> Bilakah Perang Dingin berlaku? || <> Berapa banyak operasi yang mempunyai Tentera Kanada menjadi sebahagian daripada tahun 1987? || <> Berapa banyak operasi yang telah disiapkan oleh Tentera Kanada secara Nationally? || <> Apakah beberapa peperangan yang terlibat dalam Tentera Perancis? || <> Apa usaha pemeliharaan bukan keamanan adalah bahagian Ketenteraan Kanada? || <> Apa jenis kenderaan tentera yang dipelihara hampir 40 tahun tetapi tidak pernah melihat sebarang tindakan semasa krisis Kuba? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many operations has the Canadian Military been part of since 1947?", "id": "56dde8249a695914005b96a0", "answers": [{"text": "more than 200 operations", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many operations have been completed by the Canadian Military Internationally?", "id": "56dde8249a695914005b96a1", "answers": [{"text": "72", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some of the wars the Canadian Military was involved in?", "id": "56dde8249a695914005b96a2", "answers": [{"text": "Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What peace keeping effort is the Canadian Military part of?", "id": "56dde8249a695914005b96a3", "answers": [{"text": "United Nations Peacekeeping operations", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of military vehicle was maintained almost 15 years but never saw any action during the Cuban crisis?", "id": "56dde8249a695914005b96a4", "answers": [{"text": "an aircraft carrier", "answer_start": 528}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Canadian military units", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "What military units have completed more than 200 operations worldwide?", "id": "5ad3834d604f3c001a3fe4df", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "72", "answer_start": 107}], "question": "How many international operations have Canadian military units participated in since 1947?", "id": "5ad3834d604f3c001a3fe4e0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "participated in more than 200 operations worldwide, and completed 72 international operations", "answer_start": 41}], "question": "What have Canadian military units done since 1974?", "id": "5ad3834d604f3c001a3fe4e1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "from 1957 to 1970", "answer_start": 548}], "question": "When did the Cold War take place?", "id": "5ad3834d604f3c001a3fe4e2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "more than 200 operations worldwide", "answer_start": 57}], "question": "How many operations has the Canadian Military been part of since 1987?", "id": "5ad3e5f1604f3c001a3ff5b5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "72", "answer_start": 107}], "question": "How many operations have been completed by the Canadian Military Nationally?", "id": "5ad3e5f1604f3c001a3ff5b6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War", "answer_start": 336}], "question": " What are some of the wars the French Military was involved in?", "id": "5ad3e5f1604f3c001a3ff5b7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United Nations Peacekeeping operations", "answer_start": 381}], "question": " What non-peace keeping effort is the Canadian Military part of?", "id": "5ad3e5f1604f3c001a3ff5b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "an aircraft carrier", "answer_start": 528}], "question": "What type of military vehicle was maintained almost 40 years but never saw any action during the Cuban crisis?", "id": "5ad3e5f1604f3c001a3ff5b9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Since 1947, Canadian military units have participated in more than 200 operations worldwide, and completed 72 international operations. Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators came to be considered world-class professionals through conspicuous service during these conflicts and the country's integral participation in NATO during the Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War, and in United Nations Peacekeeping operations, such as the Suez Crisis, Golan Heights, Cyprus, Croatia, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Libya. Canada maintained an aircraft carrier from 1957 to 1970 during the Cold War, which never saw combat but participated in patrols during the Cuban Missile Crisis."}], ["Berikut adalah hierarki Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada. Ia bermula di bahagian atas dengan kakitangan yang paling berpangkat tinggi dan bekerja ke dalam organisasi yang lebih rendah. <> Apakah hierarki Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada? || Ia bermula di bahagian atas dengan kakitangan yang paling berpangkat tinggi dan bekerja ke dalam organisasi yang lebih rendah. <> Apakah hierarki Angkatan Bersenjata Perancis? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the hierarchy of the Canadian Armed Forces?", "id": "56dee62fc65bf219000b3dfd", "answers": [{"text": "It begins at the top with the most senior-ranking personnel and works its way into lower organizations.", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Canadian", "answer_start": 38}], "question": "What is the hierarchy of the French Armed Forces?", "id": "5ad3e883604f3c001a3ff65f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The following is the hierarchy of the Canadian Armed Forces. It begins at the top with the most senior-ranking personnel and works its way into lower organizations."}], ["Tentera Kanada diketuai oleh Panglima Angkatan Tentera Kanada dan ditadbir melalui empat bahagian-Bahagian Kanada ke-2, Bahagian Kanada ke-3, Bahagian Kanada ke-4 dan Bahagian Kanada ke-5-Doktrin dan Sistem Latihan Tentera Kanada dan Ibu Pejabat Tentera Kanada . <> Siapa yang mengetuai Tentera Kanada? || Panglima Tentera Kanada <> Berapa banyak bahagian di Tentera Kanada? || empat bahagian <> Apakah empat bahagian? || Bahagian Kanada ke-2, Bahagian ke-3 Kanada, Bahagian Kanada ke-4 dan Bahagian ke-5 Kanada <> Pembahagian apa yang Doktrin Tentera Kanada tentang? || Bahagian ke-5 Kanada <> Ibu Pejabat Tentera Kanada terletak di bahagian apa? || Bahagian ke-5 Kanada <yang mengetuai Tentera bukan Kanada? || <> Berapa banyak bahagian di Tentera bukan Kanada? || <> Apakah pembahagian keenam? || <> Ibu Pejabat Tentera Darat bukan Kanada terletak di bahagian apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who heads the Canadian Army?", "id": "56deeb2a3277331400b4d813", "answers": [{"text": "Commander of the Canadian Army", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many divisions are there in the Canadian Army?", "id": "56deeb2a3277331400b4d814", "answers": [{"text": "four divisions", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the four divisions?", "id": "56deeb2a3277331400b4d815", "answers": [{"text": "the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What division is the Canadian Army Doctrine of?", "id": "56deeb2a3277331400b4d816", "answers": [{"text": "the 5th Canadian Division", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Canadian Army Headquarters are located in what division?", "id": "56deeb2a3277331400b4d817", "answers": [{"text": "the 5th Canadian Division", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Commander of the Canadian Army", "answer_start": 35}], "question": " Who heads the non-Canadian Army?", "id": "5ad3ea81604f3c001a3ff6ef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "four divisions", "answer_start": 91}], "question": " How many divisions are there in the non-Canadian Army?", "id": "5ad3ea81604f3c001a3ff6f0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "5th Canadian Division", "answer_start": 194}], "question": " What is the sixth division?", "id": "5ad3ea81604f3c001a3ff6f1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "5th Canadian Division", "answer_start": 194}], "question": " The non-Canadian Army Headquarters are located in what division?", "id": "5ad3ea81604f3c001a3ff6f2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions\u2014the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division\u2014the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headquarters."}], ["Semua peralatan mestilah sesuai untuk gaya campuran jantina. Helmet, ransel, kasut tempur, dan jaket flak direka untuk memastikan wanita mempunyai perlindungan dan keselesaan yang sama dengan rakan sekerja lelaki mereka. Pakaian seragam wanita serupa dengan reka bentuk kepada seragam lelaki, tetapi sesuai dengan angka wanita, dan berfungsi dan praktikal. Wanita juga diberikan kelayakan kewangan tahunan untuk membeli pakaian brassiere. <> Apakah keperluan untuk peralatan CAF? || peralatan mestilah sesuai untuk gaya jantina campuran <> Apakah beberapa peralatan yang digunakan oleh lelaki dan wanita? || Helm tempur, ransel, kasut tempur <> Apa kelebihan istimewa wanita yang disediakan sebagai sebahagian daripada perkhidmatan mereka? || kelayakan kewangan tahunan untuk pembelian pakaian brassiere <> Apa keperluan untuk peralatan untuk CE? || <> Apakah beberapa peralatan yang digunakan oleh lelaki dan wanita? || <> Apa kelebihan istimewa lelaki yang disediakan sebagai sebahagian daripada perkhidmatan mereka? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a requirement for equipment for the CAF?", "id": "56dee59b3277331400b4d7cf", "answers": [{"text": "equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some of the equipment used by both men and women?", "id": "56dee59b3277331400b4d7d0", "answers": [{"text": "Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What special entitlement are women provided as part of their service?", "id": "56dee59b3277331400b4d7d2", "answers": [{"text": "an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "All equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is a requirement for equipment for the CE?", "id": "5ad3e87a604f3c001a3ff659", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots, and flak jackets", "answer_start": 57}], "question": " What are some of the equipment used by neither men and women?", "id": "5ad3e87a604f3c001a3ff65a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments", "answer_start": 379}], "question": "What special entitlement are men provided as part of their service?", "id": "5ad3e87a604f3c001a3ff65b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "All equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force. Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots, and flak jackets are designed to ensure women have the same level of protection and comfort as their male colleagues. The women's uniform is similar in design to the men's uniform, but conforms to the female figure, and is functional and practical. Women are also provided with an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments."}], ["Tentera Laut Diraja Kanada (RCN), yang diketuai oleh Panglima Tentera Laut Diraja Kanada, termasuk 33 buah kapal perang dan kapal selam yang ditempatkan di dua armada: Maritim Angkatan Pasifik (MARPAC) di CFB Esquimalt di pantai barat, dan Maritim Angkatan Atlantik (MARLANT) di Kebukuan Kanada Kebawah DYMM di Halifax di pantai timur, serta satu pembentukan: Ibu Pejabat Rizab Naval (NAVRESHQ) di Quebec City, Quebec. Armada ini ditambah dengan pelbagai kapal terbang dan kapal penyediaan. RCN menyertai latihan dan operasi NATO, dan kapal-kapal dikerahkan ke seluruh dunia untuk menyokong penggunaan multinasional. <> Berapa banyak kapal perang yang ada di Tentera Laut Diraja Kanada? || 33 <> Di mana Atlantik Angkatan Atlantik terletak? || Halifax <> Apakah pembentukannya terletak di Quebec? || Ibu Pejabat Rizab Tentera Laut (NAVRESHQ) <> Apakah latihan antarabangsa yang dilakukan oleh RCN? || Latihan NATO <> Berapa banyak kapal perang Tentera Laut Bukan Kanada? || <> Di manakah Maritim Angkatan Pasifik terletak? || <> Apakah formasi yang terletak di Ottawa? || <> Apakah latihan antarabangsa yang dilakukan oleh RNN? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many warships does the Royal Canadian Navy have?", "id": "56deea68c65bf219000b3e21", "answers": [{"text": "33", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are the Maritime Forces Atlantic located?", "id": "56deea68c65bf219000b3e23", "answers": [{"text": "Halifax", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What formation is located in Quebec?", "id": "56deea68c65bf219000b3e24", "answers": [{"text": "the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ)", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What international exercises does the RCN partake in?", "id": "56deea68c65bf219000b3e25", "answers": [{"text": "NATO exercises", "answer_start": 495}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "33", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "How many warships does the Non-Canadian Navy have?", "id": "5ad3ea55604f3c001a3ff6cd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Halifax", "answer_start": 289}], "question": " Where are the Maritime Forces Pacific located?", "id": "5ad3ea55604f3c001a3ff6ce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Naval Reserve Headquarters", "answer_start": 346}], "question": " What formation is located in Ottawa?", "id": "5ad3ea55604f3c001a3ff6cf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "NATO exercises", "answer_start": 495}], "question": " What international exercises does the RNN partake in?", "id": "5ad3ea55604f3c001a3ff6d0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy, includes 33 warships and submarines deployed in two fleets: Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) at CFB Esquimalt on the west coast, and Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) at Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard in Halifax on the east coast, as well as one formation: the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ) at Quebec City, Quebec. The fleet is augmented by various aircraft and supply vessels. The RCN participates in NATO exercises and operations, and ships are deployed all over the world in support of multinational deployments."}], ["Semua pekerjaan ketenteraan terbuka kepada wanita pada tahun 1989, kecuali perkhidmatan kapal selam, yang dibuka pada tahun 2000. Sepanjang tahun 1990-an, pengenalan wanita ke dalam senjata tempur meningkatkan potensi kolam perekrutan sebanyak kira-kira 100 peratus. Ia juga memberi peluang kepada semua orang untuk berkhidmat kepada negara mereka dengan sebaik mungkin. Wanita telah terintegrasi sepenuhnya dalam semua pekerjaan dan peranan oleh kerajaan Jean Chretien, dan pada 8 Mac 2000, malah dibenarkan berkhidmat di kapal selam. <> Tahun apa yang paling pekerjaan tentera dibuka kepada wanita? || 1989 <> Apa pendudukan ketenteraan tidak dibuka kepada wanita sehingga tahun 2000? || perkhidmatan kapal selam <> Dengan berapa banyak membuka pekerjaan ini kepada wanita meningkatkan kolam perekrutan oleh? || 100 peratus <> Kerajaan mana yang bertanggungjawab dalam sejarah Kanada untuk fakta ini? || kerajaan Jean Chretien <> Tahun berapa pekerjaan tentera yang paling dibuka kepada lelaki? || <> pekerjaan pendudukan tentera tidak dibuka kepada manusia sehingga tahun 2000an? || <> Berapa banyak yang membuka peluang pekerjaan ini kepada lelaki meningkatkan kolam perekrutan? || <> Kerajaan mana yang bertanggungjawab dalam sejarah Perancis untuk fakta ini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What year were most military occupations opened to women?", "id": "56dee4db3277331400b4d7bb", "answers": [{"text": "1989", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What military occupation wasn't opened to women until the 2000s?", "id": "56dee4db3277331400b4d7bc", "answers": [{"text": "submarine service", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By how much did opening these jobs to women increase the recruiting pool by?", "id": "56dee4db3277331400b4d7bd", "answers": [{"text": "100 percent", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which government was responsible in Canadian history for this fact?", "id": "56dee4db3277331400b4d7bf", "answers": [{"text": "the government of Jean Chretien", "answer_start": 409}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1989", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "What year were most military occupations opened to men?", "id": "5ad3e833604f3c001a3ff633", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "submarine service", "answer_start": 75}], "question": "hat military occupation wasn't opened to men until the 2000s?", "id": "5ad3e833604f3c001a3ff634", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "100 percent", "answer_start": 234}], "question": " By how much did opening these jobs to men increase the recruiting pool by?", "id": "5ad3e833604f3c001a3ff635", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "government of Jean Chretien", "answer_start": 413}], "question": "Which government was responsible in French history for this fact?", "id": "5ad3e833604f3c001a3ff636", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "All military occupations were open to women in 1989, with the exception of submarine service, which opened in 2000. Throughout the 1990s, the introduction of women into the combat arms increased the potential recruiting pool by about 100 percent. It also provided opportunities for all persons to serve their country to the best of their abilities. Women were fully integrated in all occupations and roles by the government of Jean Chretien, and by 8 March 2000, even allowed to serve on submarines."}], ["Pada tahun 1987, pekerjaan dan unit dengan peranan utama penyediaan untuk penglibatan secara langsung dalam pertempuran di darat atau di laut masih ditutup kepada wanita: infantri, korp perisai, artileri lapangan, artileri pertahanan udara, isyarat, jurutera medan, dan operasi angkatan laut . Pada 5 Februari 1987, Menteri Pertahanan Negara mencipta pejabat untuk mengkaji kesan menggaji lelaki dan wanita dalam unit tempur. Percubaan-percubaan ini dipanggil Pengendalian Terkait Perempuan. <> Namakan beberapa pekerjaan dalam CAF dari had ke atas wanita pada tahun 1980-an. || infantri, korp perisai, artileri bidang, artileri pertahanan udara <> Pada tarikh apakah suatu kajian yang dibuat untuk meneliti penyebaran wanita secara langsung? || 5 Februari 1987 <> Siapa yang membuat pejabat untuk mengkaji kesan-kesan ini? || Menteri Pertahanan Nasional <> Apa kajiannya? || Menggalakkan Pekerjaan Perempuan <> Nama beberapa peluang pengajaran dalam CAF dari had ke atas wanita pada tahun 1980-an. || <> Pada tarikh apakah kajian dibuat untuk penyelidikan yang diberikan kepada lelaki dalam penglibatan langsung? || <> Siapa yang membuat pejabat untuk menolak kesan ini? || <> Apa sekolah dipanggil? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Name some of the jobs in the CAF off limits to women in the 1980s.", "id": "56dee2b8c65bf219000b3dd2", "answers": [{"text": "infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was a study created to research the impart of women in direct involvement?", "id": "56dee2b8c65bf219000b3dd3", "answers": [{"text": "5 February 1987", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created an office to study these effects?", "id": "56dee2b8c65bf219000b3dd4", "answers": [{"text": "the Minister of National Defence", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the study called?", "id": "56dee2b8c65bf219000b3dd5", "answers": [{"text": "Combat-Related Employment of Women", "answer_start": 425}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery, signals, field engineers, and naval operations", "answer_start": 151}], "question": "Name some of the teaching opportunities in the CAF off limits to women in the 1980s.", "id": "5ad3e80c604f3c001a3ff62b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "5 February 1987", "answer_start": 268}], "question": "On what date was a study created to research the impart on men in direct involvement?", "id": "5ad3e80c604f3c001a3ff62c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Minister of National Defence", "answer_start": 289}], "question": " Who created an office to reject these effects?", "id": "5ad3e80c604f3c001a3ff62d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Combat-Related Employment of Women", "answer_start": 425}], "question": " What was the school called?", "id": "5ad3e80c604f3c001a3ff62e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1987, occupations and units with the primary role of preparing for direct involvement in combat on the ground or at sea were still closed to women: infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery, signals, field engineers, and naval operations. On 5 February 1987, the Minister of National Defence created an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units. These trials were called Combat-Related Employment of Women."}], ["Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada beroperasi dari 27 Pangkalan Angkatan Kanada (CFB) di seluruh negara, termasuk NDHQ. Nombor ini telah dikurangkan secara beransur-ansur sejak tahun 1970-an dengan pangkalan sama ada ditutup atau digabungkan. Kedua-dua pegawai dan ahli tidak bertauliah menerima latihan asas mereka di Kepimpinan Angkatan Kanada dan Sekolah Perekrutan di Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. Pegawai secara amnya sama ada secara langsung memasuki Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada dengan ijazah dari sebuah universiti awam, atau menerima komisen mereka selepas tamat pengajian dari Royal Military College of Canada. Unsur khusus dan latihan perdagangan dilakukan di berbagai institusi di seluruh Kanada, dan sedikit demi sedikit, dunia. <> Berapa banyak pangkalan Angkatan Kanada yang ada di Kanada? || 27 <> Di mana ahli Angkatan Kanada pergi untuk latihan? || Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu <> Apa tempat yang disebut di mana latihan awal berlaku? || Kepimpinan Angkatan Kanada dan Sekolah Perekrut <> Berapa banyak pangkalan Angkatan bukan Kanada yang ada di Kanada? || <> Di mana anggota Angkatan bukan Kanada pergi untuk latihan? || <> Apa tempat yang dipanggil tempat latihan selepas permulaan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many Canadian Forces bases are there in Canada?", "id": "56dee99f3277331400b4d7fb", "answers": [{"text": "27", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do Canadian Forces members go for training?", "id": "56dee99f3277331400b4d7fc", "answers": [{"text": "Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the place called where initial training happens?", "id": "56dee99f3277331400b4d7fd", "answers": [{"text": "Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "27", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "How many non-Canadian Forces bases are there in Canada?", "id": "5ad3ea0f604f3c001a3ff6c7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu", "answer_start": 329}], "question": " Where do non-Canadian Forces members go for training?", "id": "5ad3ea0f604f3c001a3ff6c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School", "answer_start": 280}], "question": "What is the place called where post-initial training happens?", "id": "5ad3ea0f604f3c001a3ff6c9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. Officers will generally either directly enter the Canadian Armed Forces with a degree from a civilian university, or receive their commission upon graduation from the Royal Military College of Canada. Specific element and trade training is conducted at a variety of institutions throughout Canada, and to a lesser extent, the world."}], ["Pada masa ini, Komponen Angkatan Tentera tetap terdiri daripada tiga kumpulan briged lapangan: 1 Kumpulan Briged Mekanikal Kanada, di CFB Edmonton dan CFB Shilo; 2 Kumpulan Briged Mekanikal Kanada, di CFB Petawawa dan CFB Gagetown; dan 5 Kumpulan Briged Mekanikal Kanada, di CFB Valcartier dan Kota Quebec. Setiap satu mengandungi satu rejimen setiap artileri, perisai, dan jurutera tempur, tiga batalion infantri (semua berskala dalam fesyen Inggeris), satu batalion untuk logistik, skuadron untuk ibu pejabat / isyarat, dan beberapa organisasi sokongan yang lebih kecil. Skuadron helikopter taktikal dan ambulans lapangan terletak bersama setiap briged, tetapi tidak menjadi sebahagian daripada struktur arahan briged. <> Berapa banyak pasukan briged yang terdiri daripada Tentera? || Tiga <> Setiap Briged mengandungi berapa banyak rejimen? || satu <> Skuadron apa yang ada tetapi bukan sebahagian rasmi Briged? || skuadron helikopter taktikal <> Apa kumpulan perubatan yang ada di semua Briged tetapi tidak sebahagian daripadanya? || ambulans lapangan <> Berapa banyak briged yang bukan Tentera terdiri daripada? || <> Setiap bukan Briged mengandungi berapa banyak rejimen? || <> Skuadron apa yang ada tetapi merupakan bahagian rasmi Briged? || <> Apa kumpulan perubatan tidak hadir di semua Briged tetapi bukan sebahagian daripadanya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many brigades does the Army consist of?", "id": "56deebdc3277331400b4d81d", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Each Brigade contains how many regiments?", "id": "56deebdc3277331400b4d81f", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What squadron is present but not an official part of the Brigade?", "id": "56deebdc3277331400b4d820", "answers": [{"text": "tactical helicopter squadron", "answer_start": 565}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What medical group is present at all Brigades but not part of it?", "id": "56deebdc3277331400b4d821", "answers": [{"text": "a field ambulance", "answer_start": 598}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 63}], "question": "How many brigades does the non-Army consist of?", "id": "5ad3eabe604f3c001a3ff701", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 454}], "question": " Each non-Brigade contains how many regiments?", "id": "5ad3eabe604f3c001a3ff702", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "tactical helicopter squadron", "answer_start": 565}], "question": " What squadron is present but is an official part of the Brigade?", "id": "5ad3eabe604f3c001a3ff703", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "field ambulance", "answer_start": 600}], "question": "What medical group is not present at all Brigades but not part of it?", "id": "5ad3eabe604f3c001a3ff704", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Currently, the Regular Force component of the Army consists of three field-ready brigade groups: 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Edmonton and CFB Shilo; 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Petawawa and CFB Gagetown; and 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Valcartier and Quebec City. Each contains one regiment each of artillery, armour, and combat engineers, three battalions of infantry (all scaled in the British fashion), one battalion for logistics, a squadron for headquarters/signals, and several smaller support organizations. A tactical helicopter squadron and a field ambulance are co-located with each brigade, but do not form part of the brigade's command structure."}], ["Perlembagaan Kanada menentukan bahawa Panglima Besar Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada adalah negara yang berdaulat, yang, sejak tahun 1904, telah memberi kuasa kepada wartawannya, gubernur jenderal, untuk menjalankan tugas-tugas yang ditugaskan kepada jawatan Komander dalam- Ketua dan memegang gelaran yang berkaitan sejak 1905. Semua perintah pengangkatan dan pelupusan pasukan, termasuk perisytiharan perang, berada dalam prerogatif kerajaan dan dikeluarkan sebagai Pesanan dalam Majlis, yang harus ditandatangani oleh salah seorang raja atau gubernur. Bagaimanapun, di bawah adat dan amalan parlimen sistem Westminster, monarki dan walikota mesti mengikut nasihat menteri mereka dalam Kabinet, termasuk perdana menteri dan menteri pertahanan negara, yang bertanggungjawab kepada Dewan Rakyat yang dipilih. <> Apa yang menentukan siapakah Panglima Angkatan Bersenjata? || Perlembagaan Kanada <> Siapa yang Ketua Komander membenarkan untuk membuat keputusan mengenai Angkatan Tentera untuk mereka? || gubernur umum <> Apa perintah yang jatuh di bawah prerogatif kerajaan? || pengangkut askar dan pesanan pelupusan <> Siapa yang mesti menandatangani perintah ini untuk mereka sah? || raja atau gubernur umum <> Siapakah nasihat yang patut dipatuhi oleh raja mengenai pesanan ini? || nasihat menteri mereka dalam Kabinet <> Apa yang menentukan siapa Setiausaha Agung Angkatan Tentera? || <> Siapa yang Ketua Setiausaha memberi kuasa untuk membuat keputusan mengenai Angkatan Bersenjata untuk mereka? || <> Apa perintah jatuh di bawah prerogatif bukan kerajaan? || <> Siapa yang mesti menandatangani pesanan ini untuk mereka tidak sah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What determines who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed forces?", "id": "56dee6fcc65bf219000b3e07", "answers": [{"text": "The Canadian constitution", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does the Commander-in-Chief authorize to make decision regarding the Armed Forces for them?", "id": "56dee6fcc65bf219000b3e08", "answers": [{"text": "the governor general", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What orders fall under the royal prerogative?", "id": "56dee6fcc65bf219000b3e09", "answers": [{"text": "troop deployment and disposition orders", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who must sign these orders for them to be valid?", "id": "56dee6fcc65bf219000b3e0a", "answers": [{"text": "the monarch or governor general", "answer_start": 485}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who's advice is the monarch supposed to follow regarding these orders?", "id": "56dee6fcc65bf219000b3e0b", "answers": [{"text": "the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet", "answer_start": 641}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Canadian constitution", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What determines who is the Secretary-in-Chief of the Armed forces?", "id": "5ad3e99d604f3c001a3ff69b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "governor general", "answer_start": 500}], "question": "Who does the Secretary-in-Chief authorize to make decision regarding the Armed Forces for them?", "id": "5ad3e99d604f3c001a3ff69c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "troop deployment and disposition orders", "answer_start": 311}], "question": " What orders fall under the non-royal prerogative?", "id": "5ad3e99d604f3c001a3ff69d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "monarch or governor general", "answer_start": 489}], "question": " Who must sign these orders for them to be invalid?", "id": "5ad3e99d604f3c001a3ff69e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Canadian constitution determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign, who, since 1904, has authorized his or her viceroy, the governor general, to exercise the duties ascribed to the post of Commander-in-Chief and to hold the associated title since 1905. All troop deployment and disposition orders, including declarations of war, fall within the royal prerogative and are issued as Orders in Council, which must be signed by either the monarch or governor general. Under the Westminster system's parliamentary customs and practices, however, the monarch and viceroy must generally follow the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet, including the prime minister and minister of national defence, who are accountable to the elected House of Commons."}], ["Pasukan 115,349 Angkatan Bersenjata dibahagikan kepada hierarki pelbagai pangkat pegawai dan anggota tidak bertauliah. Ketua Gubernur melantik, atas nasihat Perdana Menteri, Ketua Staf Pertahanan (CDS) sebagai pegawai tertinggi yang ditugaskan di Angkatan Tentera dan yang, sebagai ketua Angkatan Tentera, berkuasa di Angkatan Kanada . Majlis Angkatan Tentera biasanya beroperasi dari Ibu Pejabat Pertahanan Nasional (NDHQ) di Ottawa, Ontario. Pada Majlis Angkatan Tentera duduk kepala Komando Operasi Bersama Kanada dan Komando Pasukan Operasi Khas Kanada, Wakil Ketua Staf Pertahanan, dan ketua-ketua Angkatan Laut Diraja Kanada, Tentara Kanada, Angkatan Udara Diraja Kanada dan lain-lain Tahap Utama 1 organisasi. Yang berdaulat dan ahli-ahli lain dari Keluarga Diraja Kanada juga bertindak sebagai ketua kolonel, komodores udara kehormat, komodores udara, ketua, dan ketua-ketua unit Angkatan Kanada, walaupun kedudukan ini adalah upacara. <> Angkatan bersenjata mempunyai kira-kira berapa ahli? || 115,349 <> Siapa ahli tertinggi Angkatan Tentera? || Ketua Staf Pertahanan <> Siapa yang melantik Ketua Pertahanan? || Gubernur umum <> Lokasi apakah yang dilakukan oleh Pertahanan Negara? || Ottawa, Ontario <> Apakah beberapa ahli Majlis Angkatan Tentera? || ketua-ketua Angkatan Laut Diraja Kanada, Angkatan Tentera Kanada, Tentera Udara Diraja Kanada dan organisasi-organisasi Tahap utama yang lain. <> Daya rali mempunyai kira-kira berapa ahli? || <> Siapa ahli tertinggi Angkatan Tentera? || <> Siapa yang tidak melantik Ketua Pertahanan? || <> Apakah beberapa ahli Majlis Angkatan Tentera? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The armed forces has approximately how many members?", "id": "56dee7f23277331400b4d7e9", "answers": [{"text": "115,349", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the highest ranking member of the Armed Forces?", "id": "56dee7f23277331400b4d7ea", "answers": [{"text": "the Chief of the Defence Staff", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who appoints the Chief of the Defence?", "id": "56dee7f23277331400b4d7eb", "answers": [{"text": "The governor general", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What location does the National Defense operate out of?", "id": "56dee7f23277331400b4d7ec", "answers": [{"text": "Ottawa, Ontario", "answer_start": 467}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some of the members of the Armed Forces Council?", "id": "56dee7f23277331400b4d7ed", "answers": [{"text": "the heads of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Air Force and other key Level 1 organizations.", "answer_start": 652}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "115,349", "answer_start": 18}], "question": "The rallied forces has approximately how many members?", "id": "5ad3e9f0604f3c001a3ff6ab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Chief of the Defence Staff", "answer_start": 197}], "question": " Who is the highest ranking member of the non-Armed Forces?", "id": "5ad3e9f0604f3c001a3ff6ac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "captains-general", "answer_start": 936}], "question": " Who doesn't appoint the Chief of the Defence?", "id": "5ad3e9f0604f3c001a3ff6ad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Air Force", "answer_start": 669}], "question": " What are some of the members of the Non-Armed Forces Council?", "id": "5ad3e9f0604f3c001a3ff6ae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Armed Forces' 115,349 personnel are divided into a hierarchy of numerous ranks of officers and non-commissioned members. The governor general appoints, on the advice of the prime minister, the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) as the highest ranking commissioned officer in the Armed Forces and who, as head of the Armed Forces Council, is in command of the Canadian Forces. The Armed Forces Council generally operates from National Defence Headquarters (NDHQ) in Ottawa, Ontario. On the Armed Forces Council sit the heads of Canadian Joint Operations Command and Canadian Special Operations Forces Command, the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, and the heads of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Air Force and other key Level 1 organizations. The sovereign and most other members of the Canadian Royal Family also act as colonels-in-chief, honorary air commodores, air commodores-in-chief, admirals, and captains-general of Canadian Forces units, though these positions are ceremonial."}], ["Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada mempunyai jumlah kekuatan rizab sekitar 50,000 primer dan tambahan yang boleh dipanggil semasa kecemasan atau ancaman kebangsaan. Bagi komponen dan sub-komponen Pasukan Rizab Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada, urutan keutamaan berikut: <> Bilakah pasukan simpanan boleh dipanggil? || pada masa kecemasan atau ancaman kebangsaan <> Tentera apa yang Pasukan simpanan terdiri daripada? || utama dan tambahan <> Bilakah tidak bolehkah daya rizab dipanggil? || <> Tentera apa yang pasukannya tidak terdiri daripada? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When can the reserve force be called upon?", "id": "56df05adc65bf219000b3ee6", "answers": [{"text": "in times of national emergency or threat", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What troops does The reserve force consists of?", "id": "56df05adc65bf219000b3ee8", "answers": [{"text": "primary and supplementary", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in times of national emergency or threat", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "When can't the reserve force be called upon?", "id": "5ad3ecd9604f3c001a3ff787", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "primary and supplementary", "answer_start": 77}], "question": " What troops does The reserve force not consist of?", "id": "5ad3ecd9604f3c001a3ff788", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Canadian Armed Forces have a total reserve force of approximately 50,000 primary and supplementary that can be called upon in times of national emergency or threat. For the components and sub-components of the Canadian Armed Forces Reserve Force, the order of precedence follows:"}], ["Divisyen Kanada ke-2, ke-3 dan ke-4 masing-masing mempunyai kumpulan Briged Pasukan Biasa, dan setiap bahagian kecuali yang pertama mempunyai dua hingga tiga kumpulan Briged Pasukan Rizab. Secara keseluruhannya, terdapat sepuluh kumpulan pasukan Pasukan Rizab. Bahagian ke-5 Kanada dan Bahagian Kanada ke-2 masing-masing mempunyai dua kumpulan pasukan Pasukan Rizab, manakala Bahagian Kanada ke-4 dan Bahagian Kanada ke-3 masing-masing mempunyai tiga kumpulan pasukan Pasukan Rizab. Pertubuhan latihan dan sokongan utama wujud di CFB Gagetown, CFB Montreal dan CFB Wainwright. <> Di mana kebanyakan latihan utama dilakukan? || CFB Gagetown, CFB Montreal dan CFB Wainwright. <> Di manakah kebanyakan latihan kecil dilakukan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is most of the major training performed?", "id": "56def917c65bf219000b3e64", "answers": [{"text": "CFB Gagetown, CFB Montreal and CFB Wainwright.", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CFB Gagetown, CFB Montreal and CFB Wainwright", "answer_start": 474}], "question": " Where is most of the minor training performed?", "id": "5ad3eaf0604f3c001a3ff709", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The 2nd, 3rd and 4th Canadian Divisions each has a Regular Force brigade group, and each division except the 1st has two to three Reserve Force brigades groups. In total, there are ten Reserve Force brigade groups. The 5th Canadian Division and the 2nd Canadian Division each have two Reserve Force brigade groups, while the 4th Canadian Division and the 3rd Canadian Division each have three Reserve Force brigade groups. Major training and support establishments exist at CFB Gagetown, CFB Montreal and CFB Wainwright."}], ["Kumpulan Perkhidmatan Kesihatan adalah pembentukan bersama yang merangkumi lebih dari 120 unit umum dan khusus dan detasmen yang menyediakan perkhidmatan kesihatan kepada Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada. Dengan beberapa pengecualian, semua unsur berada di bawah perintah Ketua Surgeon untuk sokongan domestik dan penjanaan tenaga, atau sementara ditugaskan di bawah perintah Pasukan Petugas Gabungan yang dikerahkan melalui Komando Operasi Bersama Kanada. <> Siapa yang melayani Kumpulan Perkhidmatan Kesihatan? || Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada <> Siapa yang boleh ditugaskan untuk Kelompok Servis Kesihatan untuk sementara waktu? || Pasukan Petugas Bersama <> Apakah jenis sokongan yang disediakan oleh Kumpulan Perkhidmatan Kesihatan? || sokongan domestik <> Siapa yang tidak akan berkhidmat dengan Kumpulan Perkhidmatan Kesihatan? || <> Siapa yang tidak boleh ditugaskan buat Kumpulan Servis Kesihatan buat sementara waktu? || <> Apakah jenis sokongan yang ditolak oleh Kumpulan Perkhidmatan Kesihatan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who does The Health Services Group serve?", "id": "56df04ce3277331400b4d8b8", "answers": [{"text": "the Canadian Armed Forces", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who can temporarily be assigned the Health Serviced Group?", "id": "56df04ce3277331400b4d8ba", "answers": [{"text": "Joint Task Force", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of support does The Health Services Group provide?", "id": "56df04ce3277331400b4d8bb", "answers": [{"text": "domestic support", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Canadian Armed Forces", "answer_start": 148}], "question": "Who won't The Health Services Group serve?", "id": "5ad3ecbb604f3c001a3ff781", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Joint Task Force", "answer_start": 341}], "question": " Who can't temporarily be assigned the Health Serviced Group?", "id": "5ad3ecbb604f3c001a3ff782", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "domestic support", "answer_start": 250}], "question": " What type of support does The Health Services Group refuse?", "id": "5ad3ecbb604f3c001a3ff783", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces. With few exceptions, all elements are under command of the Surgeon General for domestic support and force generation, or temporarily assigned under command of a deployed Joint Task Force through Canadian Joint Operations Command."}], ["RCAF dan Pasukan Petugas Bersama (Utara) (JTFN) juga mengekalkan di pelbagai titik di seluruh wilayah utara Kanada satu rangkaian lokasi operasi ke hadapan, masing-masing mampu menyokong operasi pejuang. Unsur-unsur skuad CF-18 berkala ke lapangan terbang ini untuk latihan latihan pendek atau rondaan kedaulatan Arktik. <> Apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh JTFN? || Pasukan Petugas Bersama (Utara) <> Apa yang terletak di Wilayah Utara Kanada? || rantaian lokasi operasi ke hadapan <> Apa yang boleh disediakan oleh setiap lokasi operasi penghantaran? || operasi pejuang <> Skuadron apa yang digunakan untuk lokasi ini? || CF-18 squadrons <> Apa rondaan yang dianjurkan dari lokasi-lokasi ini? || Rondaan kedaulatan Artik. <> Apa itu terletak di Kawasan Utara bukan Kanada? || <> Apa yang tidak boleh disediakan oleh setiap lokasi operasi penyambungan? || <> Skuadron apa yang tidak akan digunakan ke lokasi-lokasi ini? || <> Ronda apa yang tidak dianjurkan dari lokasi-lokasi ini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does JTFN stand for?", "id": "56defc4bc65bf219000b3e85", "answers": [{"text": "Joint Task Force (North)", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What it located through Canada's Northern Regions?", "id": "56defc4bc65bf219000b3e86", "answers": [{"text": "a chain of forward operating locations", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can each forwarding operation location provide?", "id": "56defc4bc65bf219000b3e87", "answers": [{"text": "fighter operations", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What squadrons deploy to these locations?", "id": "56defc4bc65bf219000b3e88", "answers": [{"text": "CF-18 squadrons", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What patrols are organized from these locations?", "id": "56defc4bc65bf219000b3e89", "answers": [{"text": "Arctic sovereignty patrols.", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "chain of forward operating locations", "answer_start": 115}], "question": " What it located through non-Canada's Northern Regions?", "id": "5ad3ebd0604f3c001a3ff739", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fighter operations", "answer_start": 180}], "question": "What can't each forwarding operation location provide?", "id": "5ad3ebd0604f3c001a3ff73a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CF-18", "answer_start": 212}], "question": " What squadrons won't deploy to these locations?", "id": "5ad3ebd0604f3c001a3ff73b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Arctic sovereignty patrols", "answer_start": 298}], "question": "What patrols aren't organized from these locations?", "id": "5ad3ebd0604f3c001a3ff73c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The RCAF and Joint Task Force (North) (JTFN) also maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region a chain of forward operating locations, each capable of supporting fighter operations. Elements of CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to these airports for short training exercises or Arctic sovereignty patrols."}], ["Komando Operasi Bersama Kanada adalah elemen operasi yang ditubuhkan pada Oktober 2012 dengan penggabungan Komando Kanada, Komando Pasukan Ekspedisi Kanada dan Komando Sokongan Operasi Kanada. Perintah baru, yang dibuat sebagai tindak balas kepada langkah-langkah pemotongan kos dalam bajet persekutuan 2012, menggabungkan sumber, peranan dan tanggungjawab ketiga-tiga bekas arahan di bawah satu ibu pejabat tunggal. <> Bilakah Komando Operasi Bersama Kanada ditubuhkan? || Oktober 2012 <> Apakah bahagian yang digabungkan ke dalam Komando Operasi Bersama Kanada? || Perintah Kanada, Komando Pasukan Ekspedisi Kanada dan Perintah Sokongan Operasi Kanada <> Apa yang khusus mendorong penggabungan ini? || bil 2012 persekutuan <> Bilakah Komando Operasi Bersama bukan Kanada ditubuhkan? || <> Apakah bahagian-bahagian yang bergabung ke Komando Operasi Bersama bukan Kanada? || <> Apa yang khusus tidak menggesa penggabungan ini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Canadian Joint Operations Command established?", "id": "56defcf2c65bf219000b3e91", "answers": [{"text": "October 2012", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the parts that merged into the Canadian Joint Operations Command?", "id": "56defcf2c65bf219000b3e92", "answers": [{"text": "Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What specifically prompted this merger?", "id": "56defcf2c65bf219000b3e95", "answers": [{"text": "the 2012 federal budget", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "October 2012", "answer_start": 79}], "question": " When was the non-Canadian Joint Operations Command established?", "id": "5ad3ebf1604f3c001a3ff74b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command", "answer_start": 111}], "question": "What are the parts that merged into the non-Canadian Joint Operations Command?", "id": "5ad3ebf1604f3c001a3ff74c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2012 federal budget", "answer_start": 289}], "question": " What specifically didn't prompt this merger?", "id": "5ad3ebf1604f3c001a3ff74d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Canadian Joint Operations Command is an operational element established in October 2012 with the merger of Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command. The new command, created as a response to the cost-cutting measures in the 2012 federal budget, combines the resources, roles and responsibilities of the three former commands under a single headquarters."}], ["Kira-kira 26,000 tentera, pelaut, dan pengawal wanita dan wanita, dilatih mengikut tahap dan boleh ditukar dengan rakan-rakan Pasukan Biasa mereka, dan dihantar ke operasi CAF atau tugas secara santai atau berterusan, membentuk Rizab Primer. Kumpulan ini diwakili, walaupun tidak diperintahkan, di NDHQ oleh Ketua Cadangan dan Cadet, yang biasanya merupakan laksamana umum atau belakang, dan dibahagikan kepada empat komponen yang masing-masing secara operasional dan administratif bertanggungjawab terhadap perintah alam sekitar yang bersesuaian dalam Rutin Pasukan - Rizab Tentera Laut (NAVRES), Rizab Tentera Darat (LFR), dan Rizab Udara (AIRRES) - sebagai tambahan kepada satu pasukan yang tidak berada di bawah perintah alam sekitar, Rizab Perkhidmatan Kesihatan di bawah Kumpulan Perkhidmatan Kesihatan Angkatan Kanada. <> Siapa yang memerintahkan rizab? || Ketua Rizab dan Kadet <> Apakah beberapa komponen daya rizab? || Rizab Tentera Laut (NAVRES), Rizab Tentera Darat (LFR), dan Rizab Udara (AIRRES) <> Siapa yang tidak akan memerintahkan rizab itu? || <> Apakah beberapa komponen daya bukan rizab? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who commands the reserves?", "id": "56df065d3277331400b4d8c7", "answers": [{"text": "Chief of Reserves and Cadets", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some of the components of the reserve force?", "id": "56df065d3277331400b4d8c9", "answers": [{"text": "the Naval Reserve (NAVRES), Land Force Reserve (LFR), and Air Reserve (AIRRES)", "answer_start": 556}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Chief of Reserves and Cadets", "answer_start": 315}], "question": "Who won't command the reserves?", "id": "5ad3ecf4604f3c001a3ff795", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Naval Reserve (NAVRES), Land Force Reserve (LFR), and Air Reserve (AIRRES", "answer_start": 560}], "question": " What are some of the components of the non-reserve force?", "id": "5ad3ecf4604f3c001a3ff796", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Approximately 26,000 citizen soldiers, sailors, and airmen and women, trained to the level of and interchangeable with their Regular Force counterparts, and posted to CAF operations or duties on a casual or ongoing basis, make up the Primary Reserve. This group is represented, though not commanded, at NDHQ by the Chief of Reserves and Cadets, who is usually a major general or rear admiral, and is divided into four components that are each operationally and administratively responsible to its corresponding environmental command in the Regular Force \u2013 the Naval Reserve (NAVRES), Land Force Reserve (LFR), and Air Reserve (AIRRES) \u2013 in addition to one force that does not fall under an environmental command, the Health Services Reserve under the Canadian Forces Health Services Group."}], ["Pangkalan udara utama terletak di British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, dan Newfoundland dan Labrador, manakala kemudahan pentadbiran dan perintah dan kawalan terletak di Winnipeg dan North Bay. Komponen asal Kanada dari NATO Early Warning Force juga didasarkan pada Pangkalan Udara NATO Geilenkirchen dekat Geilenkirchen, Jerman. <> Apakah beberapa lokasi pangkalan udara? || Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba <> Di mana kemudahan arahan terletak? || Winnipeg dan North Bay <> Di mana komponen Kanada NATO terletak? || Geilenkirchen, Jerman <> Apa daya NATO adalah bahagian Kanada? || Pangkalan Amaran Awal Airborne <> Lokasi apakah asas pangkalan udara Kanada yang namanya juga merupakan baka anjing? || Labrador <> Apakah beberapa lokasi pangkalan tentera laut? || <> Di manakah kemudahan bukan arahan terletak? || <> Di mana komponen NATO bukan Kanada terletak? || <> Apa daya bukan NATO adalah bahagian Kanada? || <> Lokasi manakah pangkalan tentera laut Kanada yang namanya juga merupakan baka anjing? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are some locations of the air bases?", "id": "56defbb63277331400b4d85d", "answers": [{"text": "Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are the command facilities located?", "id": "56defbb63277331400b4d85e", "answers": [{"text": "Winnipeg and North Bay", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Canadian component of the NATO located?", "id": "56defbb63277331400b4d85f", "answers": [{"text": "Geilenkirchen, Germany", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What NATO force are the Canadians part of?", "id": "56defbb63277331400b4d860", "answers": [{"text": "Airborne Early Warning Force", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What location is a Canadian airforce base located whose name is also a dog breed?", "id": "56defbb63277331400b4d861", "answers": [{"text": "Labrador", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba", "answer_start": 49}], "question": " What are some locations of the navy bases?", "id": "5ad3eba0604f3c001a3ff72f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Winnipeg and North Bay", "answer_start": 214}], "question": " Where are the non-command facilities located?", "id": "5ad3eba0604f3c001a3ff730", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Geilenkirchen, Germany", "answer_start": 350}], "question": "Where is the non-Canadian component of the NATO located?", "id": "5ad3eba0604f3c001a3ff731", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Airborne Early Warning Force", "answer_start": 271}], "question": " What non-NATO force are the Canadians part of?", "id": "5ad3eba0604f3c001a3ff732", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Labrador", "answer_start": 133}], "question": "What location is a Canadian navy base located whose name is also a dog breed?", "id": "5ad3eba0604f3c001a3ff733", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Major air bases are located in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador, while administrative and command and control facilities are located in Winnipeg and North Bay. A Canadian component of the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force is also based at NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen near Geilenkirchen, Germany."}], ["Komando Pasukan Operasi Khas Kanada (CANSOFCOM) adalah pembentukan yang mampu beroperasi secara bebas tetapi terutamanya tertumpu kepada menjana unsur-unsur operasi khas (SOF) untuk menyokong CJOC. Perintah ini termasuk Pasukan Petugas Bersama 2 (JTF2), Unit Tindakan Insiden Bersama Kanada (CJIRU) yang berpangkalan di CFB Trenton, serta Rejimen Operasi Khas Kanada (CSOR) dan 427 Skuadron Penerbangan Operasi Khas (SOAS) yang berpangkalan di CFB Petawawa. <> apa yang CANSOFCOM berdiri? || Komando Pasukan Operasi Khas Kanada <> Apa yang difokuskan pada CANSOFCOM? || menjana daya operasi khas <> Apa yang menyokong pasukan khas? || CJOC <> Di mana Unit Respon Insiden Bersama Kanada berasaskan? || CFB Trenton <> Berapa banyak Skuadron Penerbangan Operasi Khas yang berpusat di Petawawa? || 427 <> apa yang CANSOFCORN berdiri? || <> Apa yang tidak difokuskan pada CANSOFCOM? || <> Apa yang tidak menyokong pasukan khas? || <> Di mana unit Respon Insiden Bersama Kanada bukan berdasarkan? || <> Berapa banyak Skuadron Penerbangan Operasi Khas tidak berpusat di Petawawa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "what does CANSOFCOM stand for?", "id": "56defd9bc65bf219000b3e9b", "answers": [{"text": "The Canadian Special Operations Forces Command", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the CANSOFCOM focussed on?", "id": "56defd9bc65bf219000b3e9c", "answers": [{"text": "generating special operations forces", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do the special forces support?", "id": "56defd9bc65bf219000b3e9d", "answers": [{"text": "CJOC", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit based?", "id": "56defd9bc65bf219000b3e9e", "answers": [{"text": "CFB Trenton", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Special Operations Aviation Squadron are based at Petawawa?", "id": "56defd9bc65bf219000b3e9f", "answers": [{"text": "427", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Canadian Special Operations Forces Command", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "what does CANSOFCORN stand for?", "id": "5ad3ec3b604f3c001a3ff759", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "generating special operations forces", "answer_start": 134}], "question": " What is the CANSOFCOM not focused on?", "id": "5ad3ec3b604f3c001a3ff75a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CJOC", "answer_start": 197}], "question": " What don't the special forces support?", "id": "5ad3ec3b604f3c001a3ff75b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CFB Trenton", "answer_start": 310}], "question": " Where is the non-Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit based?", "id": "5ad3ec3b604f3c001a3ff75c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "427", "answer_start": 386}], "question": "How many Special Operations Aviation Squadron aren't based at Petawawa?", "id": "5ad3ec3b604f3c001a3ff75d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM) is a formation capable of operating independently but primarily focused on generating special operations forces (SOF) elements to support CJOC. The command includes Joint Task Force 2 (JTF2), the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit (CJIRU) based at CFB Trenton, as well as the Canadian Special Operations Regiment (CSOR) and 427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron (SOAS) based at CFB Petawawa."}], ["Tentera Udara Diraja Kanada (RCAF) diketuai oleh Panglima Angkatan Udara Diraja Kanada. Komander 1 Bahagian Udara Kanada dan Wilayah NORAD Kanada, yang berpangkalan di Winnipeg, bertanggungjawab terhadap arahan operasi dan kawalan aktiviti Tentera Udara di seluruh Kanada dan di seluruh dunia. 1 Operasi Divisi Udara Kanada dijalankan melalui sebelas sayap yang terletak di seluruh Kanada. Komander 2 Bahagian Udara Kanada bertanggungjawab untuk latihan dan fungsi sokongan. 2 Operasi Divisyen Udara Kanada dijalankan di dua sayap. Wings mewakili kumpulan pelbagai skuadron, baik operasi dan sokongan, di bawah komander tunggal taktik yang melaporkan kepada komander operasi dan bervariasi dari saiz dari beberapa ratus personil kepada beberapa ribu. <> Siapa yang mengetuai Tentera Udara Diraja Kanada? || Panglima Angkatan Udara Diraja Kanada <> Di mana komander itu berpusat? || Winnipeg <> Berapa banyak sayap angkatan udara yang terletak di seluruh Kanada? || sebelas <> Siapa yang melaporkan kepada komandan operasi tentang sayap? || komander taktikal <> Siapa yang mengetuai Tentera Udara bukan Kanada? || <> Di mana komander berasaskan? || <> Berapa banyak sayap angkatan udara yang terletak di luar Kanada? || <> Siapa yang melaporkan kepada setiausaha operasi mengenai sayap? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who heads the Royal Canadian Air Force?", "id": "56defb12c65bf219000b3e73", "answers": [{"text": "the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the commander based out of?", "id": "56defb12c65bf219000b3e74", "answers": [{"text": "Winnipeg", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many air force wings are located across Canada?", "id": "56defb12c65bf219000b3e75", "answers": [{"text": "eleven", "answer_start": 354}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who reports to the operational commander about the wings?", "id": "56defb12c65bf219000b3e77", "answers": [{"text": "tactical commander", "answer_start": 643}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force", "answer_start": 53}], "question": " Who heads the non-Canadian Air Force?", "id": "5ad3eb5a604f3c001a3ff713", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Winnipeg", "answer_start": 173}], "question": "Where is the commander based out of?", "id": "5ad3eb5a604f3c001a3ff714", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "eleven", "answer_start": 354}], "question": " How many air force wings are located outside of Canada?", "id": "5ad3eb5a604f3c001a3ff715", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "tactical commander", "answer_start": 643}], "question": " Who reports to the operational secretary about the wings?", "id": "5ad3eb5a604f3c001a3ff716", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) is headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force. The commander of 1 Canadian Air Division and Canadian NORAD Region, based in Winnipeg, is responsible for the operational command and control of Air Force activities throughout Canada and worldwide. 1 Canadian Air Division operations are carried out through eleven wings located across Canada. The commander of 2 Canadian Air Division is responsible for training and support functions. 2 Canadian Air Division operations are carried out at two wings. Wings represent the grouping of various squadrons, both operational and support, under a single tactical commander reporting to the operational commander and vary in size from several hundred personnel to several thousand."}], ["Antara lain, Kumpulan Pengurusan Maklumat bertanggungjawab untuk melakukan perang elektronik dan perlindungan rangkaian komunikasi dan komputer Angkatan Tentera. Dalam kumpulan ini, peranan operasi ini dipenuhi oleh Kumpulan Operasi Maklumat Angkatan Kanada, beribu pejabat di CFS Leitrim di Ottawa, yang mengendalikan unit berikut: Ibu Pejabat Kumpulan Operasi Maklumat Pasukan Kanada (CFIOGHQ), Pusat Peperangan Elektronik Angkatan Kanada (CFEWC) , Pusat Operasi Rangkaian Angkatan Tentera Kanada (CFNOC), Pusat Operasi Perisikan Angkatan Tentera Kanada (CFSOC), Stesen Angkatan Tentera Kanada (CFS) Leitrim, dan Skuadron Komunikasi 764. Pada Jun 2011, Ketua Angkatan Bersenjata Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada mengumumkan penubuhan sebuah organisasi baru, Direktorat Cybernetics, yang diketuai oleh Brigadier General, Ketua Pengarah Cyber (DG Cyber). Di dalam pengarah itu, Pasukan Petugas Cyber Cyber yang baru ditubuhkan, telah ditugaskan untuk mereka bentuk dan membina keupayaan peperangan siber untuk Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada. <> Apakah Kumpulan Pengurusan Maklumat yang bertanggungjawab? || peperangan elektronik dan perlindungan rangkaian komunikasi dan komputer Angkatan Tentera <> Dimana Kumpulan Pengurusan Maklumat terletak? || CFS Leitrim in Ottawa <> Apakah tugas CAF Cyber Task Force? || reka bentuk dan membina keupayaan peperangan siber <> Bilakah Direktorat Cybernetics ditubuhkan? || Jun 2011 <> Siapa yang mengetuai Direktorat? || Ketua Pengarah Cyber <> Apakah Kumpulan Pengurusan Maklumat yang tidak bertanggungjawab? || <> Di manakah Kumpulan Pengurusan Bukan Maklumat yang terletak? || <> Apakah tugas Pasukan Petugas Bukan Siber? || <> Bilakah direktorat Non-Cybernetics ditubuhkan? || <> Siapa yang dipecat dari Direktorat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the the Information Management Group responsible for?", "id": "56df043cc65bf219000b3ed5", "answers": [{"text": "electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Information Management Group located?", "id": "56df043cc65bf219000b3ed6", "answers": [{"text": "CFS Leitrim in Ottawa", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the task of the CAF Cyber Task Force?", "id": "56df043cc65bf219000b3ed7", "answers": [{"text": "design and build cyber warfare capabilities", "answer_start": 1002}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Directorate of Cybernetics established?", "id": "56df043cc65bf219000b3ed8", "answers": [{"text": "June 2011", "answer_start": 699}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who heads the Directorate?", "id": "56df043cc65bf219000b3ed9", "answers": [{"text": "the Director General Cyber", "answer_start": 876}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks", "answer_start": 87}], "question": "What is the the Information Management Group not responsible for?", "id": "5ad3ec9d604f3c001a3ff76d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CFS Leitrim in Ottawa", "answer_start": 307}], "question": " Where is the non-Information Management Group located?", "id": "5ad3ec9d604f3c001a3ff76e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "design and build cyber warfare capabilities for the Canadian Armed Forces", "answer_start": 1002}], "question": " What is the task of the non-Cyber Task Force?", "id": "5ad3ec9d604f3c001a3ff76f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "June 2011", "answer_start": 699}], "question": " When was the Directorate of Non-Cybernetics established?", "id": "5ad3ec9d604f3c001a3ff770", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Director General Cyber", "answer_start": 880}], "question": " Who was fired from the Directorate?", "id": "5ad3ec9d604f3c001a3ff771", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Among other things, the Information Management Group is responsible for the conduct of electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks. Within the group, this operational role is fulfilled by the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group, headquartered at CFS Leitrim in Ottawa, which operates the following units: the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group Headquarters (CFIOGHQ), the Canadian Forces Electronic Warfare Centre (CFEWC), the Canadian Forces Network Operation Centre (CFNOC), the Canadian Forces Signals Intelligence Operations Centre (CFSOC), the Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Leitrim, and the 764 Communications Squadron. In June 2011 the Canadian Armed Forces Chief of Force Development announced the establishment of a new organization, the Directorate of Cybernetics, headed by a Brigadier General, the Director General Cyber (DG Cyber). Within that directorate the newly established CAF Cyber Task Force, has been tasked to design and build cyber warfare capabilities for the Canadian Armed Forces."}], ["Rangers Kanada, yang menyediakan perkhidmatan pengawasan dan rondaan di Arktik Kanada dan kawasan terpencil lain, adalah komponen daya rizab penting yang digunakan untuk menjalankan kedaulatan Kanada di wilayah utaranya. <> Apa yang dilakukan Kanada Rangers? || menyediakan perkhidmatan pengawasan dan rondaan <> Di mana penjaga Kanada beroperasi? || di arktik Kanada <> Daya mana yang menjadi bahagian Rangers? || daya rizab <> Apa yang dipelihara Kanada Rangers? || Kanada menjalankan kedaulatan ke atas wilayah utaranya <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh Rangers bukan Kanada? || <> Di mana penjaga bukan Kanada beroperasi? || <> Kekuatan mana yang bukan bahagian Rangers? || <> Apa pembunuhan beramai-ramai yang bermula Rangers Kanada bermula? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What do Canadian Rangers perform?", "id": "56df08453277331400b4d8d9", "answers": [{"text": "provide surveillance and patrol services", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do the Canadian Rangers operate?", "id": "56df08453277331400b4d8da", "answers": [{"text": "in Canada's arctic", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which force are the Rangers part of?", "id": "56df08453277331400b4d8db", "answers": [{"text": "reserve force", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do the Canadian Rangers safekeep?", "id": "56df08453277331400b4d8dd", "answers": [{"text": "Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "surveillance and patrol", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "What do non-Canadian Rangers perform?", "id": "5ad3ede0604f3c001a3ff7bd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Canada's arctic", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "Where do the non-Canadian Rangers operate?", "id": "5ad3ede0604f3c001a3ff7be", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "reserve force", "answer_start": 127}], "question": " Which force aren't the Rangers part of?", "id": "5ad3ede0604f3c001a3ff7bf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "northern territory", "answer_start": 202}], "question": " What genocide did the Canadian Rangers start?", "id": "5ad3ede0604f3c001a3ff7c0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Canadian Rangers, who provide surveillance and patrol services in Canada's arctic and other remote areas, are an essential reserve force component used for Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory."}], ["Walaupun Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada adalah satu perkhidmatan, terdapat tiga pakaian seragam alam yang serupa tetapi unik (DEUs): biru laut (yang sebenarnya hitam) untuk angkatan laut, senapan hijau untuk tentera, dan biru untuk angkatan udara. Anggota CAF dalam pekerjaan operasi umumnya memakai DEU yang mana pekerjaan mereka \"dimiliki.\" Ahli CAF dalam pekerjaan tidak beroperasi (\"perdagangan\" ungu) diperuntukkan seragam mengikut \"pengedaran\" cawangan mereka dalam CAF, persatuan cawangan dengan salah satu perkhidmatan terdahulu, dan keutamaan awal individu. Oleh itu, pada mana-mana hari tertentu, dalam mana-mana unit CAF yang diberikan, semua tiga seragam berwarna boleh dilihat. <> Apa warna pakaian seragam DEU jika ia tidak berwarna hijau? || <> Apakah perdagangan \"merah\"? || <> Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan \"DUE\"? || <> Apakah seragam alam sekitar yang keempat? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "black", "answer_start": 157}], "question": "What color is the DEU uniform if it isn't green?", "id": "5ad3ee4a604f3c001a3ff7e7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "non-operational occupations", "answer_start": 352}], "question": "What are the \"red\" trades?", "id": "5ad3ee4a604f3c001a3ff7e8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "distinctive environmental uniforms", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "What does \"DUE\" stand for?", "id": "5ad3ee4a604f3c001a3ff7e9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CAF", "answer_start": 485}], "question": "What is the fourth similar environmental uniform?", "id": "5ad3ee4a604f3c001a3ff7ea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Although the Canadian Armed Forces are a single service, there are three similar but distinctive environmental uniforms (DEUs): navy blue (which is actually black) for the navy, rifle green for the army, and light blue for the air force. CAF members in operational occupations generally wear the DEU to which their occupation \"belongs.\" CAF members in non-operational occupations (the \"purple\" trades) are allocated a uniform according to the \"distribution\" of their branch within the CAF, association of the branch with one of the former services, and the individual's initial preference. Therefore, on any given day, in any given CAF unit, all three coloured uniforms may be seen."}], ["Perlembagaan Kanada memberikan tanggungjawab eksklusif kerajaan persekutuan untuk pertahanan negara, dan pengeluarannya digariskan dalam belanjawan persekutuan. Untuk tahun fiskal 2008-2009, amaun yang diperuntukkan untuk perbelanjaan pertahanan ialah CAD $ 18.9 bilion. Pembiayaan tetap ini dinaikkan pada tahun 2005 dengan CAD $ 12.5 bilion tambahan selama lima tahun, serta komitmen untuk meningkatkan tentera pasukan tetap secara serentak oleh 5,000 orang, dan rizab utama sebanyak 3,000 dalam tempoh yang sama. Pada tahun 2006, CAD $ 5.3 bilion lebih lanjut selama lima tahun disediakan untuk membolehkan 13,000 lebih pasukan berkala biasa, dan 10,000 lebih kakitangan simpanan utama, serta CAD $ 17.1 bilion untuk pembelian trak baru untuk Tentera Kanada, pengangkutan pesawat dan helikopter untuk Tentera Udara Diraja Kanada, dan kapal sokongan bersama untuk Tentera Laut Diraja Kanada. <> Apa yang memberi tanggungjawab kerajaan persekutuan untuk pertahanan negara? || Perlembagaan Kanada <> Tahun apakah tambahan 12.5 Bilion Dollar Kanada yang ditugaskan selama lebih dari lima tahun? || 2005 <> Apa yang memberi tanggungjawab kerajaan persekutuan untuk pertahanan antarabangsa? || <> Tahun apakah tambahan 12.5 Bilion Dollar Kanada yang diberikan selama lebih dari 10 tahun? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What gives the federal government responsibility for national defense?", "id": "56df0c1fc65bf219000b3ef9", "answers": [{"text": "The Constitution of Canada", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was an additional 12.5 Billion Canadian Dollars assigned for over five years?", "id": "56df0c1fc65bf219000b3efb", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Constitution of Canada", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What gives the federal government responsibility for international defense?", "id": "5ad3ef82604f3c001a3ff815", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 294}], "question": "What year was an additional 12.5 Billion Canadian Dollars assigned for over 10 years?", "id": "5ad3ef82604f3c001a3ff816", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Constitution of Canada gives the federal government exclusive responsibility for national defence, and expenditures are thus outlined in the federal budget. For the 2008\u20132009 fiscal year, the amount allocated for defence spending was CAD$18.9 billion. This regular funding was augmented in 2005 with an additional CAD$12.5 billion over five years, as well as a commitment to increasing regular force troop levels by 5,000 persons, and the primary reserve by 3,000 over the same period. In 2006, a further CAD$5.3 billion over five years was provided to allow for 13,000 more regular force members, and 10,000 more primary reserve personnel, as well as CAD$17.1 billion for the purchase of new trucks for the Canadian Army, transport aircraft and helicopters for the Royal Canadian Air Force, and joint support ships for the Royal Canadian Navy."}], ["Hanya pakaian perkhidmatan yang sesuai untuk ahli CAF untuk dipakai pada sebarang kesempatan, sekatan \"kerja kotor\" atau pertempuran. Dengan sarung tangan, pedang, dan pingat (No. 1 atau 1A), ia sesuai untuk majlis upacara dan \"berpakaian\" (No. 3 atau lebih rendah), sesuai untuk pakaian harian. Secara amnya, selepas penghapusan gaun asas (walaupun masih ditakrifkan untuk pakaian seragam Angkatan Udara), pakaian operasi kini menjadi pakaian seragam harian yang dipakai oleh kebanyakan anggota CF, kecuali pakaian servis ditetapkan (seperti di NDHQ, di parade, di acara awam, dll.). Parkas yang diluluskan dibenarkan untuk dipakai musim sejuk di dalam iklim sejuk dan jaket kasual ringan juga diberi kuasa untuk hari yang lebih sejuk. Tentera laut, kebanyakan tentera, dan beberapa unit lain mempunyai, untuk majlis-majlis yang sangat spesifik, gaun penuh upacara / regimental, seperti pakaian seragam putih \"tentera tinggi\" tentera laut, tentera Highland, Scotland, dan rejim Irlandia, dan pakaian seragam Kolej Ketenteraan Diraja. <> Apa yang sesuai untuk ahli CAF untuk dipakai pada bila-bila masa? || pakaian servis <> Apa bahagian-bahagian lain yang ada di seragam? || sarung tangan, pedang dan pingat <> Apa sekarang seragam harian yang dipakai oleh anggota CAF? || pakaian operasi sekarang seragam harian <> Apa yang boleh dipakai dalam cuaca musim sejuk? || Parkas yang diluluskan <> Apa yang hanya dipakai untuk acara-acara yang sangat khusus? || pakaian seragam / regimental penuh <> Apa yang sesuai untuk ahli CAD untuk dipakai pada bila-bila masa? || <> Apa bahagian-bahagian lain tidak ada di seragam? || <> Apa yang tidak seragam harian yang dipakai oleh anggota CAF? || <> Apa yang boleh dipakai dalam cuaca musim sejuk yang hangat? || <> Apa yang hanya dipakai untuk keadaan yang tidak spesifik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion?", "id": "56df0a103277331400b4d8f7", "answers": [{"text": "service dress", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other parts are there to a uniform?", "id": "56df0a103277331400b4d8f8", "answers": [{"text": "gloves, swords, and medals", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is now the daily uniform worn by members of the CAF?", "id": "56df0a103277331400b4d8f9", "answers": [{"text": "operational dress is now the daily uniform", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can be worn in cold winter weather?", "id": "56df0a103277331400b4d8fa", "answers": [{"text": "Approved parkas", "answer_start": 527}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is only worn for very specific occasions?", "id": "56df0a103277331400b4d8fb", "answers": [{"text": "a ceremonial/regimental full dress", "answer_start": 730}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "service dress", "answer_start": 5}], "question": "What is suitable for CAD members to wear on any occasion?", "id": "5ad3eed3604f3c001a3ff7ef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "gloves, swords, and medals", "answer_start": 109}], "question": " What other parts aren't there to a uniform?", "id": "5ad3eed3604f3c001a3ff7f0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "operational dress is now the daily uniform worn by most members of the CF", "answer_start": 358}], "question": " What is not the daily uniform worn by members of the CAF?", "id": "5ad3eed3604f3c001a3ff7f1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "parkas", "answer_start": 536}], "question": " What can be worn in warm winter weather?", "id": "5ad3eed3604f3c001a3ff7f2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ceremonial/regimental full dress", "answer_start": 732}], "question": " What is only worn for very non-specific occasions?", "id": "5ad3eed3604f3c001a3ff7f3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Only service dress is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion, barring \"dirty work\" or combat. With gloves, swords, and medals (No. 1 or 1A), it is suitable for ceremonial occasions and \"dressed down\" (No. 3 or lower), it is suitable for daily wear. Generally, after the elimination of base dress (although still defined for the Air Force uniform), operational dress is now the daily uniform worn by most members of the CF, unless service dress is prescribed (such as at the NDHQ, on parades, at public events, etc.). Approved parkas are authorized for winter wear in cold climates and a light casual jacket is also authorized for cooler days. The navy, most army, and some other units have, for very specific occasions, a ceremonial/regimental full dress, such as the naval \"high-collar\" white uniform, kilted Highland, Scottish, and Irish regiments, and the scarlet uniforms of the Royal Military Colleges."}], ["Perkhidmatan Pentadbiran dan Latihan Organisasi Kadet (COATS) terdiri daripada pegawai dan ahli tidak beroperasi yang menjalankan latihan, keselamatan, pengawasan dan pentadbiran hampir 60,000 kadet berumur 12 hingga 18 tahun dalam Gerakan Kadet Kanada. Majoriti ahli dalam COATS adalah pegawai dari Cabang Kadet Instructors Cadre (CIC) CAF. Anggota-anggota COATS Sub-Komponen Rizab yang tidak bekerja secara sambilan (Kelas A) atau sepenuh masa (Kelas B) boleh diadakan di \"Senarai Staf Tambahan Pengajar Cadet\" (CISS List) dengan jangkaan pekerjaan dalam sama seperti cadangan lain yang dianggap sebagai anggota Rizab Tambahan. <> Siapa yang menjalankan latihan para kadet? || Perkhidmatan Pentadbiran dan Latihan Organisasi Kadet <> Berapa usia kadet dalam Gerakan Kadet Kanada? || 12 hingga 18 tahun <> Cawangan apa yang majoriti ahli COATS? || pegawai Cadre Instructors Cadre <> Siapa yang layak untuk berkhidmat sebagai jurulatih COATS? || COATS Sub-Komponen Angkatan Rizab <> Siapa yang menjalankan pembentukan kadet? || <> Berapa umur adalah kadet dalam Gerakan Kadet Bukan Kanada? || <> Cawangan apa yang minoriti ahli COATS? || <> Siapa yang tidak layak menjadi jurulatih COATS? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who conducts training of the cadets?", "id": "56df07a33277331400b4d8cf", "answers": [{"text": "Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What age are the cadets in the Canadian Cadet Movement?", "id": "56df07a33277331400b4d8d0", "answers": [{"text": "12 to 18 years", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What branch are the majority of COATS members?", "id": "56df07a33277331400b4d8d2", "answers": [{"text": "officers of the Cadet Instructors Cadre", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is eligible to serve as a COATS trainer?", "id": "56df07a33277331400b4d8d3", "answers": [{"text": "Reserve Force Sub-Component COATS", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who conducts formation of the cadets?", "id": "5ad3ed3a604f3c001a3ff7ab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "12 to 18 years", "answer_start": 208}], "question": " What age are the cadets in the Non-Canadian Cadet Movement?", "id": "5ad3ed3a604f3c001a3ff7ac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "officers of the Cadet Instructors Cadre", "answer_start": 292}], "question": " What branch are the minority of COATS members?", "id": "5ad3ed3a604f3c001a3ff7ad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Reserve Force Sub-Component COATS", "answer_start": 372}], "question": " Who is not eligible to serve as a COATS trainer?", "id": "5ad3ed3a604f3c001a3ff7ae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movement. The majority of members in COATS are officers of the Cadet Instructors Cadre (CIC) branch of the CAF. Members of the Reserve Force Sub-Component COATS who are not employed part-time (Class A) or full-time (Class B) may be held on the \"Cadet Instructor Supplementary Staff List\" (CISS List) in anticipation of employment in the same manner as other reservists are held as members of the Supplementary Reserve."}], ["Tali tentera yang diberi kuasa untuk Angkatan Bersenjata Kanada ialah: beret, topi baji, topi keledar, topi Yukon, dan tuque (toque). Setiap warna diwarnakan mengikut pakaian seragam yang khas: tentera laut (biru putih atau biru), tentera (warna rifle atau \"regimental\"), angkatan udara (biru muda). Penganut kepercayaan Sikh boleh memakai turban seragam (dastar) (atau patka, ketika beroperasi) dan wanita Muslim boleh memakai tudung yang terselip seragam di bawah tudung kepala yang diberi kuasa. Orang-orang Yahudi boleh memakai yarmulke di bawah tudung kepala mereka yang sah dan ketika bertelanjang dada. Beret itu mungkin adalah penutup kepala yang paling banyak digunakan dan dipakai dengan hampir semua pesanan pakaian (dengan pengecualian perintah yang lebih formal Tentera Laut dan pakaian Tentera Udara), dan warna yang ditentukan oleh persekitaran pemakai, cawangan, atau misi. Kakitangan tentera laut, bagaimanapun, jarang memakai berets, lebih suka sama ada topi perkhidmatan atau ballcaps yang diberi kuasa (pakaian operasi kapal), yang hanya memakai Tentera Laut. Kakitangan Tentera Udara, terutama pegawai, lebih suka topi baji untuk apa-apa bentuk tudung lain. Tidak ada variasi tentera laut dari topi baji. Cap Yukon dan tuque dipakai hanya dengan pakaian musim sejuk, walaupun penyelam dan penyelam tempur boleh memakai tompok sepanjang tahun sebagai penutup jam tangan. Askar-askar di Regent Highland, Scotland, dan Ireland umumnya memakai tudung alternatif, termasuk glengarry, balmoral, tam o'shanter, dan caubeen dan bukannya beret. Pegawai kadet kedua-dua Kolej Ketenteraan Diraja memakai topi \"kotak\" (jepitan) dengan pakaian upacara dan mempunyai bulu unik \"Astrakhan\" untuk memakai musim sejuk. Tentera Kanada memakai topi keledar CG634. <> Apakah beberapa pakaian kepala yang diberi kuasa untuk CAF? || beret, cap baji, balcap <> Adakah terdapat peraturan khusus untuk memakai pakaian kepala? || berwarna mengikut seragam yang berbeza dipakai <> Apakah pakaian kepala yang paling popular dipakai? || The beret <> Apa pakaian kepala yang memakai tentera Kanada? || CG634 helmet <> Apakah beberapa pakaian kepala yang tidak dibenarkan untuk CAF? || <> Adakah terdapat peraturan khusus untuk tidak memakai pakaian kepala? || <> Apakah gaun kepala paling popular yang dipakai? || <> Tukang kepala apa yang memakai tentera bukan Kanada? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are some of the authorized head dresses for the CAF?", "id": "56df0adf3277331400b4d903", "answers": [{"text": "beret, wedge cap, ballcap", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Are there specific rules for wearing head dresses?", "id": "56df0adf3277331400b4d904", "answers": [{"text": "coloured according to the distinctive uniform worn", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the most popular head dress worn?", "id": "56df0adf3277331400b4d905", "answers": [{"text": "The beret", "answer_start": 521}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What headdress does the Canadian Army wear?", "id": "56df0adf3277331400b4d907", "answers": [{"text": "CG634 helmet", "answer_start": 1589}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "beret, wedge cap, ballcap, Yukon cap, and tuque", "answer_start": 60}], "question": "What are some of the unauthorized head dresses for the CAF?", "id": "5ad3ef59604f3c001a3ff80d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "coloured according to the distinctive uniform worn", "answer_start": 125}], "question": " Are there specific rules for not wearing head dresses?", "id": "5ad3ef59604f3c001a3ff80e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "beret", "answer_start": 525}], "question": " What is the least popular head dress worn?", "id": "5ad3ef59604f3c001a3ff80f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CG634", "answer_start": 1589}], "question": " What headdress does the Non-Canadian Army wear?", "id": "5ad3ef59604f3c001a3ff810", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Authorized headdress for the Canadian Armed Forces are the: beret, wedge cap, ballcap, Yukon cap, and tuque (toque). Each is coloured according to the distinctive uniform worn: navy (white or navy blue), army (rifle green or \"regimental\" colour), air force (light blue). Adherents of the Sikh faith may wear uniform turbans (dastar) (or patka, when operational) and Muslim women may wear uniform tucked hijabs under their authorized headdress. Jews may wear yarmulke under their authorized headdress and when bareheaded. The beret is probably the most widely worn headgear and is worn with almost all orders of dress (with the exception of the more formal orders of Navy and Air Force dress), and the colour of which is determined by the wearer's environment, branch, or mission. Naval personnel, however, seldom wear berets, preferring either service cap or authorized ballcaps (shipboard operational dress), which only the Navy wear. Air Force personnel, particularly officers, prefer the wedge cap to any other form of headdress. There is no naval variant of the wedge cap. The Yukon cap and tuque are worn only with winter dress, although clearance and combat divers may wear tuques year-round as a watch cap. Soldiers in Highland, Scottish, and Irish regiments generally wear alternative headdress, including the glengarry, balmoral, tam o'shanter, and caubeen instead of the beret. The officer cadets of both Royal Military Colleges wear gold-braided \"pillbox\" (cavalry) caps with their ceremonial dress and have a unique fur \"Astrakhan\" for winter wear. The Canadian Army wears the CG634 helmet."}]], [["Dekan Kolej Kardinal selain gereja titular seperti itu juga menerima keuskupan titular Ostia, lihat suburbicarian utama. Kardinal yang mentadbir Gereja tertentu mengekalkan gereja itu. <> Siapa yang menerima hishopric Ostia? || Dekan Kolej Kardinal <> Apakah tajuk lain yang Dekan Collagen Kardinal menerima semasa pelantikan? || Bishopric titular of Ostia <> Siapa yang menerima bisphoric titular Tok Hangari? || <> Apakah tajuk lain yang Dekan Kolej Imam menerima semasa pelantikan? || <> Apa yang ditakdirkan para biarawati jika mereka mengawal gereja tertentu? || <> Apakah gelaran lain yang diterima oleh Presiden Kolej Kardinal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who receives the hishopric of Ostia?", "id": "56ddec019a695914005b96ca", "answers": [{"text": "The Dean of the College of Cardinals", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other title does the Dean of Collge of Cardinals receive upon appointment?", "id": "56df108ac65bf219000b3f1b", "answers": [{"text": "titular bishopric of Ostia", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Dean of the College of Cardinals", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who receives the titular bisphoric of Tok Hangari?", "id": "5ad2ee21604f3c001a3fd9e7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "titular bishopric of Ostia", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "What other title does the Dean of the College of Priests receive upon appointment?", "id": "5ad2ee21604f3c001a3fd9e8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "that church", "answer_start": 198}], "question": "What do nuns retain if they are governing a particular church?", "id": "5ad2ee21604f3c001a3fd9e9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "titular bishopric of Ostia", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "What is other title does the President of the College of Cardinals receive?", "id": "5ad2ee21604f3c001a3fd9ea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church."}], ["Pengaruh awal raja-raja temporal, terutamanya raja-raja Perancis, menegaskan semula dirinya melalui pengaruh kardinal warganegara tertentu atau gerakan politik yang signifikan. Tradisi juga dibangunkan melengkapkan raja-raja tertentu, termasuk Austria, Sepanyol, dan Portugal, untuk mencalonkan salah satu subjek kependudukan mereka yang dipercayai untuk dijadikan kardinal, yang dipanggil mahkota kardinal. [Rujukan?] Siapa yang umumnya penguasa temporal? || Raja-raja Perancis <> Siapa yang menegaskan kembali pengaruh mata pelajaran yang paling awal? || <> Siapa yang raja-raja Inggeris melantik untuk mempengaruhi pergerakan yang signifikan secara politik? || <> Apa tradisi di England, Perancis, dan Portugal yang maju melancarkan pengaruh politik tertentu untuk menamakan subjek yang dipercayai? || <> Siapa yang tidak menegaskan diri mereka melalui pengaruh kardinal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who were generally temporal rulers?", "id": "56dde98d9a695914005b96aa", "answers": [{"text": "French kings", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "French kings", "answer_start": 54}], "question": "Who reasserted the earliest influence of temporal subjects?", "id": "5ad2e74a604f3c001a3fd95d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinals", "answer_start": 111}], "question": "Who did the English kings appoint to influence politically significant movement?", "id": "5ad2e74a604f3c001a3fd95e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "so-called crown-cardinal.", "answer_start": 364}], "question": "What tradition in England, France, and Portugal developed entitling certain political influencers to nominate their trusted subjects?", "id": "5ad2e74a604f3c001a3fd95f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "French kings", "answer_start": 54}], "question": "Who did not reassert themselves through the influence of cardinals?", "id": "5ad2e74a604f3c001a3fd960", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The earlier influence of temporal rulers, notably the French kings, reasserted itself through the influence of cardinals of certain nationalities or politically significant movements. Traditions even developed entitling certain monarchs, including those of Austria, Spain, and Portugal, to nominate one of their trusted clerical subjects to be created cardinal, a so-called crown-cardinal.[citation needed]"}], ["Pada tahun 1059, hak memilih paus dikhaskan kepada ulama utama Rom dan para uskup dari tujuh suburbicarian melihat. Pada abad ke-12 amalan melantik ecclesiastics dari luar Roma sebagai kardinal bermula, dengan setiap mereka menugaskan sebuah gereja di Rom sebagai gereja titularnya atau dikaitkan dengan salah satu keuskupan suburbicarian, sementara masih dipelihara di keuskupan selain dari Roma . [rujukan?] <> Pada tahun 1059, yang bertanggungjawab untuk memilih paus? || ketua utama Rom dan uskup dari tujuh suburbicarian melihat. <> Apakah kardinal yang diberikan? || sebuah gereja di Rom sebagai gereja titular atau dikaitkan dengan salah satu keuskupan suburbicarian <> Siapa yang tidak mempunyai hak memilih paus pada tahun 1059? || <> Siapa yang memegang hak untuk melantik ecclesiastics dari luar Roma pada tahun 1059? || <> Apakah kardinal tidak diberikan? || <> Di mana di luar Rom adalah gereja yang ditugaskan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In 1059, who was responsible for electing the pope? ", "id": "56dde5409a695914005b9676", "answers": [{"text": "the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees.", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the cardinals assigned? ", "id": "56dde5409a695914005b9678", "answers": [{"text": "a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "Who did not have the right of electing the pope in 1059?", "id": "5ad2dc0dd7d075001a42a50e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinals", "answer_start": 216}], "question": "Who held the right to appoint ecclesiastics from outside Rome in 1059?", "id": "5ad2dc0dd7d075001a42a50f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses", "answer_start": 260}], "question": "What were the cardinals not assigned?", "id": "5ad2dc0dd7d075001a42a510", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses", "answer_start": 260}], "question": "Where outside of Rome were the ecclesiastics assigned?", "id": "5ad2dc0dd7d075001a42a511", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses, while still being incardinated in a diocese other than that of Rome.[citation needed]"}], ["Pada zaman moden, kardinal sering mempunyai peranan penting dalam urusan sekular. Dalam beberapa kes, mereka mengambil kedudukan yang kuat dalam kerajaan. Di England Henry VIII, ketua menterinya ialah Cardinal Wolsey. Kuasa Kardinal Richelieu begitu besar sehingga beliau berkuasa selama bertahun-tahun sebagai penguasa Perancis. Pengganti Richelieu juga merupakan kardinal, Jules Mazarin. Guillaume Dubois dan Andr\u00e9-Hercule de Fleury menyiapkan senarai kardinal \"empat besar\" yang telah memerintah Perancis. [Rujukan?] Di Portugal, akibat krisis penggantian, seorang kardinal, Henry, Raja Portugal, dinobatkan sebagai raja, hanya contoh raja kardinal. <> Dalam peranan apakah kardinal mempunyai peranan penting? || hal ehwal sekular. <> Apa Caridinal mempunyai kuasa yang hebat sehingga dia pada dasarnya berlari Perancis? || Kardinal Richelieu <> Yang kardinal bertindak sebagai ketua Perancis kerana jumlah kuasanya? || Kardinal Richelieu <> Siapa sahaja yang pernah menjadi raja kardinal? || Henry, Raja Portugal <> Apakah peranan imam dalam urusan sekular? || <> Siapa yang tidak mengambil kedudukan yang kuat dalam kerajaan? || <> Siapa yang bertindak sebagai ketua menteri Henry VI? || <> Yang kardinal mempunyai kuasa yang sangat besar sehingga ia secara efektif memerintah England? || <> Apa lima kardinal hebat pernah memerintah Perancis? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what roles did cardinals have important roles?", "id": "56ddea8366d3e219004dae05", "answers": [{"text": "secular affairs.", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Caridinal had powers so great that he basically ran France?", "id": "56ddea8366d3e219004dae07", "answers": [{"text": "Cardinal Richelieu", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which cardinal acted a the leader of France due to his amount of power?", "id": "56df0f68c65bf219000b3f12", "answers": [{"text": "Cardinal Richelieu", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the only person to ever become a cardinal king?", "id": "56df0f68c65bf219000b3f14", "answers": [{"text": "Henry, King of Portugal", "answer_start": 549}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "important roles", "answer_start": 43}], "question": "What role did priests have in secular affairs?", "id": "5ad2e80c604f3c001a3fd97b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinals", "answer_start": 23}], "question": "Who did not take powerful positions in government?", "id": "5ad2e80c604f3c001a3fd97c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cardinal Wolsey", "answer_start": 189}], "question": "Who acted as Henry VI's chief minister?", "id": "5ad2e80c604f3c001a3fd97d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Richelieu", "answer_start": 306}], "question": "Which cardinal had power so great that he effectively ruled England?", "id": "5ad2e80c604f3c001a3fd97e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Richelieu successor was also a cardinal, Jules Mazarin. Guillaume Dubois and Andr\u00e9-Hercule de Fleury", "answer_start": 306}], "question": "What five great cardinals once ruled France?", "id": "5ad2e80c604f3c001a3fd97f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu successor was also a cardinal, Jules Mazarin. Guillaume Dubois and Andr\u00e9-Hercule de Fleury complete the list of the \"four great\" cardinals to have ruled France.[citation needed] In Portugal, due to a succession crisis, one cardinal, Henry, King of Portugal, was crowned king, the only example of a cardinal-king."}], ["Setiap kardinal mengambil gereja titular, sama ada sebuah gereja di bandar Rom atau salah satu daripada suburbicarian melihat. Satu-satunya pengecualian adalah untuk bapa-bapa ahli Gereja Katolik Timur. Walau bagaimanapun, kardinal tidak memiliki kuasa tadbir urus atau mereka tidak campur tangan dalam apa jua cara dalam perkara yang berkaitan dengan pentadbiran barang, disiplin, atau perkhidmatan gereja titular mereka. Mereka dibenarkan untuk meraikan Misa dan mendengar pengakuan dan lawatan dan lawatan ke jemaat titular mereka, dengan koordinasi dengan kakitangan gereja. Mereka sering menyokong gereja-gereja mereka secara monetari, dan banyak Kardinal yang berhubung dengan kakitangan pastoral gereja titular mereka. <> Di manakah kardinal berfungsi? || sebuah gereja di kota Rom atau salah satu daripada suburbicarian melihat <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh kardinal untuk mempengaruhi pentadbiran atau pentadbiran barang, disiplin, atau pelayanan gereja titular mereka? || <> Yang mana bandaraya Maghribi yang melakukan kardinal boleh ditugaskan ke gereja titular mereka? || <> Tugas-tugas apa yang dibenarkan oleh para biarawati? || <> Siapa yang tidak menawarkan sokongan kewangan kepada gereja-gereja titular mereka? || <> Apa yang dilakukan ramai biarawati untuk gereja-gereja titular mereka? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where do the cardinals work?", "id": "56ddeba09a695914005b96c2", "answers": [{"text": "a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene", "answer_start": 192}], "question": "What do cardinals do in order to influence governing or administration of goods, discipline, or service of their titular churches? ", "id": "5ad2ece2604f3c001a3fd9d5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "Which Moroccan cities do cardinals get assigned to their titular church?", "id": "5ad2ece2604f3c001a3fd9d6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "celebrate Mass and hear confessions and lead visits and pilgrimages to their titular churches", "answer_start": 401}], "question": "What duties are nuns allowed to perform?", "id": "5ad2ece2604f3c001a3fd9d7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cardinals", "answer_start": 597}], "question": "Who does not offer monetary support to their titular churches?", "id": "5ad2ece2604f3c001a3fd9d8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "keep in contact with the pastoral staffs of their titular churches.", "answer_start": 610}], "question": "What do many nuns do for their titular churches?", "id": "5ad2ece2604f3c001a3fd9d9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. Nevertheless, cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any way in matters which pertain to the administration of goods, discipline, or the service of their titular churches. They are allowed to celebrate Mass and hear confessions and lead visits and pilgrimages to their titular churches, in coordination with the staff of the church. They often support their churches monetarily, and many Cardinals do keep in contact with the pastoral staffs of their titular churches."}], ["Istilah kardinal pada satu-satu masa digunakan untuk mana-mana imam yang secara tetap ditugaskan atau dipelihara kepada gereja, atau secara khusus kepada imam senior sebuah gereja penting, berdasarkan huruf kardus Latin (yang berarti \"kepala\" atau \"ketua\"). Istilah ini diterapkan dalam pengertian ini seawal abad kesembilan kepada para imam tituli (paroki) dari keuskupan Roma. Gereja England mengekalkan contoh permulaan judul ini, yang dipegang oleh dua orang ahli kanan Kolej Minor Canons di St Paul's Cathedral. <> Pada satu masa, Imam secara tetap ditugaskan ke sebuah gereja disebut sebagai? || kardinal <> Seberapa awal istilah ini digunakan? || abad kesembilan <> Gereja England menggunakan istilah yang dipegang oleh dua orang ahli kanan Kolej Minor Canons St Pauls Catherdral? || tituli <> Apa perkataan Latin yang berasal dari \"kardinal\"? || cardo <> Yang gereja masih memegang maksud asal \"kardinal\" dari perkataan Latin di atas? || Gereja England <> Apa maksud Latin cardo? || <> Apakah istilah yang diterapkan kepada mana-mana imam yang ditugaskan sementara atau dianiasi kepada gereja? || <> Istilah apa yang digunakan pada awal abad ke-8 kepada para imam titulus keuskupan Roma? || <> Istilah apa yang digunakan oleh Gereja Perancis yang dipegang oleh dua orang ahli kanan Kolej Minor Canon dari Catherdral St. Paul? || <> Gereja manakah yang mengekalkan maksud asal kata Yunani \"cardo\"? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "At one time, Priest permanently were assigned to a church were referred to as?", "id": "56dde6309a695914005b9690", "answers": [{"text": "cardinal", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How early was this term used?", "id": "56dde6309a695914005b9691", "answers": [{"text": "ninth century", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Church of England uses what term that is held by two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St. Pauls Catherdral?", "id": "56dde6309a695914005b9692", "answers": [{"text": "tituli", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Latin word does \"cardinal\" come from?", "id": "56def3ed3277331400b4d848", "answers": [{"text": "cardo", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which church still holds on to the original meaning of \"cardinal\" from the above Latin word?", "id": "56def3ed3277331400b4d849", "answers": [{"text": "The Church of England", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"principal\" or \"chief\"", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "What does the Latin cardo not mean?", "id": "5ad2de57d7d075001a42a586", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinal", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "What is the term applied to any priest temporarily assigned or incardinated to a church?", "id": "5ad2de57d7d075001a42a587", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Latin cardo", "answer_start": 176}], "question": "What term was applied as early as the eighth century to the priests of the tituli of the diocese of Rome?", "id": "5ad2de57d7d075001a42a588", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "tituli", "answer_start": 316}], "question": "What term was used by the Church of France that is held by two senior members of the College of Minor Canon of St. Paul's Catherdral?", "id": "5ad2de57d7d075001a42a589", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Church of England", "answer_start": 358}], "question": "Which church maintains the original meaning of the Greek word \"cardo\"?", "id": "5ad2de57d7d075001a42a58a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning \"principal\" or \"chief\". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the tituli (parishes) of the diocese of Rome. The Church of England retains an instance of this origin of the title, which is held by the two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St Paul's Cathedral."}], ["Pope Sixtus V membatasi jumlah kardinal kepada 70, terdiri daripada enam uskup kardinal, 50 imam kardinal, dan 14 diakon kardinal. Bermula dari Paus Paus Yohanes XXIII, had tersebut telah melebihi had. Pada permulaan tahun 1971, Paus Paulus VI menetapkan jumlah pemilih kardinal pada maksimum 120, tetapi tidak menetapkan had pada kardinal secara amnya. Beliau juga menubuhkan umur maksima lapan tahun untuk pemilih. Tindakannya melucutkan kardinal yang berusia dua puluh lima, termasuk tiga kardinal hidup yang ditinggikan oleh Paus Pius XI, hak untuk mengambil bahagian dalam suatu pertemuan. [Rujukan?] Paus dapat membuang dari undang-undang gereja dan kadangkala membawa jumlah kardinal di bawah umur dari 80 hingga lebih daripada 120. Paus Paulus VI juga meningkatkan jumlah uskup kardinal dengan memberi pangkat itu kepada bapa-bapa ahli Gereja Katolik Timur. <> Paus Sixtus V membatasi bilangan kardinal untuk? || 70 <> Apa kandungan kardinal terdiri daripada? || terdiri daripada enam uskup kardinal, 50 imam kardinal, dan 14 diakon kardinal. <> Semasa yang berlarutan apakah keputusan itu melebihi? || Paus Yohanes XXIII <> Paus Paulus VI menimbulkan bilangan pemilih kardinal? || 120 <> Berapakah usia maksimum bagi pemilih? || 80 <> Paus Paulus VI mengangkat topi pada pemilih kardinal dari 70 ke apa? || 120 <> Paus Paul VI tidak mempunyai apa-apa pada apa? || bilangan kardinal umumnya <> Apakah had kardinal yang dilaksanakan oleh Paus Pius? || <> Apa kandungan komposisi pop yang terdiri daripada? || <> Siapa yang melaksanakan umur maksimum 60 tahun untuk pemilih? || <> Siapa yang memberi pangkat kepada bapa-bapa ahli Gereja Katolik Barat? || <> Apa yang boleh dibaca tidak dibuang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to?", "id": "56ddeb0c9a695914005b96b8", "answers": [{"text": "70", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the composition of the cardinals consist of?", "id": "56ddeb0c9a695914005b96b9", "answers": [{"text": "comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons.", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During who's term did the ruling exceed? ", "id": "56ddeb0c9a695914005b96ba", "answers": [{"text": "Pope John XXIII", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Pope Paul VI increse the number of cardinal electors to? ", "id": "56ddeb0c9a695914005b96bb", "answers": [{"text": "120", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the maximum age for electors?", "id": "56ddeb0c9a695914005b96bc", "answers": [{"text": "80", "answer_start": 698}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Pope Paul VI raised the cap on cardinal electors from 70 to what?", "id": "56df10063277331400b4d92b", "answers": [{"text": "120", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Pope Paul VI had no cap on what?", "id": "56df10063277331400b4d92c", "answers": [{"text": "the number of cardinals generally", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "70", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "What was the limit of cardinals that Pope Pius implemented?", "id": "5ad2e95d604f3c001a3fd9b5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "What did the composition of popes consist of?", "id": "5ad2e95d604f3c001a3fd9b6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pope Paul VI", "answer_start": 232}], "question": "Who implemented the maximum age of 60 years for electors?", "id": "5ad2e95d604f3c001a3fd9b7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pope Paul VI", "answer_start": 719}], "question": "Who gave a rank to patriarchs of the Western Catholic Churches?", "id": "5ad2e95d604f3c001a3fd9b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "church laws and have sometimes brought the number of cardinals under the age of 80 to more than 120.", "answer_start": 618}], "question": "What can popes not dispense from?", "id": "5ad2e95d604f3c001a3fd9b9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit on the number of cardinals generally. He also established a maximum age of eighty years for electors. His action deprived twenty-five living cardinals, including the three living cardinals elevated by Pope Pius XI, of the right to participate in a conclave.[citation needed] Popes can dispense from church laws and have sometimes brought the number of cardinals under the age of 80 to more than 120. Pope Paul VI also increased the number of cardinal bishops by giving that rank to patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches."}], ["Pada tahun 1563 Majlis Ekumenikal Trent yang berpengaruh, yang diketuai oleh Paus Pius IV, menulis tentang pentingnya memilih Kardinal yang baik. Mengikut majlis bersejarah ini, \"tidak ada sesuatu yang lebih penting bagi Jemaat Tuhan daripada pontif Rom Suci yang menggunakan kebiasaan itu yang dengan kewajiban jabatannya dia berhutang gereja sejagat dengan cara yang sangat istimewa dengan mengaitkan dirinya sebagai kardinal yang paling pilih orang-orang sahaja, dan melantik setiap gereja yang paling gembira dan gembar-gembor yang kompeten, dan ini lebih-lebih lagi, kerana Tuhan Yesus Kristus akan memerlukan tangannya darah domba-domba Kristus yang binasa melalui pemerintahan gembala gembala yang cuai dan melupakan pejabat mereka. \" <> Pada tahun apakah Pope Pius IV menulis surat pemilihan kardinal? || 1563 <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab atas Majlis Konserto Ekumenikal Trent? || Paus Pius IV <> Pada tahun berapakah Konsili Ekumenikal Trent ditulis dalam hal pemilihan Kardinal? || 1563 <> Siapa pope yang mengetuai Konsili Trent Ecumencial pada tahun itu? || Paus Pius IV <> Tahun berapakah Konsili Ekumenikal Trent yang diketuai oleh Paus Zacharius menulis tentang pentingnya memilih kardinal yang baik? || <> Siapa yang mengetuai Majlis Ekumenikal Thames? || <> Siapa yang majlis bersejarah menentukan bahawa Kolej Kardinal harus dipilih sebagai kardinal? || <> Apa yang tidak kita kehendaki oleh Tuhan Yesus Kristus menurut Majlis Trent? || <> Siapa yang tidak akan cuai atau melupakan pejabat mereka? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Pope Pius IV wrote abou tthe selecting of cardinals? ", "id": "56dde8fd66d3e219004dade9", "answers": [{"text": "1563", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was in charge of the Ecumenical Council of Trent?", "id": "56dde8fd66d3e219004dadea", "answers": [{"text": "Pope Pius IV", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent write in regards to the selection of Cardinals?", "id": "56def865c65bf219000b3e5b", "answers": [{"text": "1563", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the pope who headed the Ecumencial Council of Trent in that year?", "id": "56def865c65bf219000b3e5c", "answers": [{"text": "Pope Pius IV", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1563", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "What year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent headed by Pope Zacharius write about the importance of selecting good cardinals?", "id": "5ad2e52d604f3c001a3fd901", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pope Pius IV", "answer_start": 72}], "question": "Who led the Ecumenical Council of Thames?", "id": "5ad2e52d604f3c001a3fd902", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "most select persons only, and appoint to each church most eminently upright and competent shepherds", "answer_start": 408}], "question": "Who did the historic council determine that the College of Cardinals should select as cardinals?", "id": "5ad2e52d604f3c001a3fd903", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "at his hands the blood of the sheep of Christ that perish through the evil government of shepherds who are negligent and forgetful of their office.\"", "answer_start": 574}], "question": "What did our Lord Jesus Christ not require according to the Council of Trent?", "id": "5ad2e52d604f3c001a3fd904", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the evil government of shepherds", "answer_start": 640}], "question": "Who would not be negligent or forgetful of their office?", "id": "5ad2e52d604f3c001a3fd905", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council \"nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes the universal Church in a very special way by associating with himself as cardinals the most select persons only, and appoint to each church most eminently upright and competent shepherds; and this the more so, because our Lord Jesus Christ will require at his hands the blood of the sheep of Christ that perish through the evil government of shepherds who are negligent and forgetful of their office.\""}], ["Di bandar-bandar lain selain dari Rom, nama kardinal mula digunakan untuk lelaki gereja tertentu sebagai tanda kehormatan. Contoh paling awal ini berlaku dalam surat yang dikirim oleh Paus Zacharias pada tahun 747 kepada Pippin III (penguasa ringkas), penguasa kaum Frank, di mana Zacharias memohon gelaran kepada para imam Paris untuk membedakan mereka dari paderi negara. Maksud perkataan ini tersebar dengan cepat, dan dari abad ke-9 berbagai kota episkopal mempunyai kelas khusus di kalangan paderi yang dikenal sebagai kardinal. Penggunaan gelaran itu dikhaskan untuk kardinal Rom pada tahun 1567 oleh Pius V. <> Istilah apa yang diberikan kepada orang-orang tertentu untuk kehormatan gereja? || kardinal <> Bilakah tarikh paling awal menggunakan kardinal istilah sebagai lelaki gereja mulia yang digunakan? || 747 <> Bilakah gelaran kardinal disediakan untuk kardinal Rom oleh Pius V? || 1567 <> Berkaitan dengan perkataan \"kardinal\" yang digunakan di bandar-bandar selain dari Rom, yang menghantar surat kepada Pippin III? || Paus Zacharias <> Pada tahun berapa surat itu dihantar? || 747 <> Paus mana yang mengisytiharkan bahawa kardinal akan berasal dari Rom? || Pius V. <> Dalam tahun apakah pope membuat pengisytiharan itu? || 1567 <> Istilah apa yang digunakan untuk pemimpin politik tertentu sebagai tanda kehormatan? || <> Apakah Pippin III memanggil para imam Paris untuk membezakan mereka dari paderi daerah? || <> Berapa lama abad ini kardinal berkembang cepat di seluruh bandar-bandar Islam? || <> Pada tahun apakah Pope Zacharias memegang gelaran untuk kardinal Rom? || <> Siapa yang mempunyai kelas istimewa di kalangan paderi yang dikenali sebagai imam pada abad ke-9? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What term was given to certain church men of honor?", "id": "56dde83666d3e219004dadd1", "answers": [{"text": "cardinal", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When is the earliest date of using the term cardinal as honorable church men used?", "id": "56dde83666d3e219004dadd2", "answers": [{"text": "747", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the title of cardinal reserved for the cardinals of Rome by Pius V?", "id": "56dde83666d3e219004dadd4", "answers": [{"text": "1567", "answer_start": 547}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In regards to the word \"cardinal\" being used in cities other than Rome, who sent a letter to Pippin III?", "id": "56def6ffc65bf219000b3e53", "answers": [{"text": "Pope Zacharias", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the letter sent?", "id": "56def6ffc65bf219000b3e54", "answers": [{"text": "747", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which pope declared that cardinals would be from Rome?", "id": "56def6ffc65bf219000b3e55", "answers": [{"text": "Pius V.", "answer_start": 555}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the pope make the declaration?", "id": "56def6ffc65bf219000b3e56", "answers": [{"text": "1567", "answer_start": 547}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinal", "answer_start": 36}], "question": "What term was applied to certain political leaders as a mark of honor?", "id": "5ad2e303d7d075001a42a638", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinal", "answer_start": 36}], "question": "What did Pippin III call priests of Paris to distinguish them from county clergy?", "id": "5ad2e303d7d075001a42a639", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "9th", "answer_start": 390}], "question": "What century did the term cardinal spread quickly throughout various Muslim cities? ", "id": "5ad2e303d7d075001a42a63a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1567", "answer_start": 547}], "question": "In what year did Pope Zacharias reserve the title for the cardinals of Rome? ", "id": "5ad2e303d7d075001a42a63b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "various episcopal cities", "answer_start": 402}], "question": "Who had a special class among clergy known as priests in the 9th century?", "id": "5ad2e303d7d075001a42a63c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from country clergy. This meaning of the word spread rapidly, and from the 9th century various episcopal cities had a special class among the clergy known as cardinals. The use of the title was reserved for the cardinals of Rome in 1567 by Pius V."}], ["Terdapat perselisihan tentang asal usul istilah ini, tetapi persetujuan umum bahawa \"cardinalis\" dari perkataan cardo (maksudnya 'pivot' atau 'hinge') mula-mula digunakan pada zaman purba untuk menunjuk seorang uskup atau imam yang dimasukkan ke dalam gereja untuk yang mana dia tidak mula ditahbiskan. Di Rom, orang pertama yang dipanggil kardinal adalah diakon di tujuh daerah di bandar pada permulaan abad ke-6, apabila perkataan itu mula bermaksud \"kepala sekolah,\" \"terkemuka,\" atau \"unggul\". Nama itu juga diberikan kepada imam senior di setiap jemaat \"gelaran\" (gereja-gereja paroki) Rom dan kepada uskup dari tujuh orang yang melihat sekitar bandar. Menjelang kurun ke-8, kardinal Rom merupakan kelas istimewa di kalangan pendeta Rom. Mereka mengambil bahagian dalam pentadbiran gereja Rom dan dalam liturgi papal. Dengan keputusan sinode 769, hanya seorang kardinal yang layak menjadi paus. Pada tahun 1059, semasa pontificate Nicholas II, kardinal diberi hak untuk memilih paus di bawah Papal Bull In nomine Domini. Buat masa ini kuasa ini ditugaskan secara eksklusif kepada uskup kardinal, tetapi Majlis Lateran Ketiga pada tahun 1179 memberikan hak kepada seluruh kardinal. Kardinal mendapat keistimewaan memakai topi merah oleh Pope Innocent IV pada tahun 1244. <> Siapa yang pertama yang dipanggil kardinal di Rom? || para diakon di tujuh wilayah kota <> Bilakah kardinal Rom dianggap sebagai kelas tersendiri di kalangan pendeta Rom? || Abad ke-8 <> Tahun apakah keputusan \"hanya kardinal layak menjadi paus\" berkuatkuasa? || 769 <> Siapa yang memberikan kardinal hak untuk memilih paus di bawah Papal Bull Dalam nomini Domini? || Nicholas II <> Apa yang memberi kardinal hak untuk memilih paus? || Bull Papal Dalam nomini Domini <> Dalam tahun apa apakah paus membenarkan kardinal memakai topi merah? || 1244 <> Siapa paus yang memberikan kardinal hak untuk memakai topi? || Pope Innocent IV <> Siapa orang pertama yang akan dipanggil kardinal pada permulaan abad ke-7 di Rom? || <> Apa kata kardinal bermula pada permulaan abad ke-8? || <> Bilakah kardinal Rom dianggap sebahagian daripada kelas petani? || <> Pada tahun apakah pope layak menjadi kardinal? || <> Siapa yang membatalkan hak seluruh kardinal untuk memilih paus pada tahun 1179? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who were the first people to be called cardinals in Rome? ", "id": "56dde75466d3e219004dadc4", "answers": [{"text": "the deacons of the seven regions of the city", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the Roman cardinals perceived as a privleged class among the Roman clergy?", "id": "56dde75466d3e219004dadc5", "answers": [{"text": "8th century", "answer_start": 664}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the ruling \"only a cardinal was eligible to become pope\" come in effect?", "id": "56dde75466d3e219004dadc6", "answers": [{"text": "769", "answer_start": 860}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who gave cardinals the right to elect the pope under the Papal Bull In nomine Domini?", "id": "56dde75466d3e219004dadc7", "answers": [{"text": "Nicholas II", "answer_start": 945}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was it that gave cardinals the right to elect the pope?", "id": "56def5bd3277331400b4d84f", "answers": [{"text": "the Papal Bull In nomine Domini", "answer_start": 1013}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the pope allow cardinals to wear the red hats?", "id": "56def5bd3277331400b4d850", "answers": [{"text": "1244", "answer_start": 1291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the pope who gave cardinals the right to wear the hats?", "id": "56def5bd3277331400b4d851", "answers": [{"text": "Pope Innocent IV", "answer_start": 1271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the deacons of the seven regions of the city", "answer_start": 342}], "question": "Who were the first persons to be called cardinals at the beginning of the 7th century in Rome?", "id": "5ad2e0e1d7d075001a42a5e4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "began to mean \u201cprincipal,\u201d \u201ceminent,\u201d or \"superior.\"", "answer_start": 438}], "question": "What did the word cardinal begin to mean at the beginning of the 8th century?", "id": "5ad2e0e1d7d075001a42a5e5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "8th century", "answer_start": 664}], "question": "When were the Roman cardinals considered part of the peasant class?", "id": "5ad2e0e1d7d075001a42a5e6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "769", "answer_start": 860}], "question": "In what year was the pope eligible to become a cardinal?", "id": "5ad2e0e1d7d075001a42a5e7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Third Lateran Council", "answer_start": 1126}], "question": "Who rescinded the right of the whole body of cardinals to elect the pope in 1179?", "id": "5ad2e0e1d7d075001a42a5e8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that \"cardinalis\" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a church for which he had not originally been ordained. In Rome the first persons to be called cardinals were the deacons of the seven regions of the city at the beginning of the 6th century, when the word began to mean \u201cprincipal,\u201d \u201ceminent,\u201d or \"superior.\" The name was also given to the senior priest in each of the \"title\" churches (the parish churches) of Rome and to the bishops of the seven sees surrounding the city. By the 8th century the Roman cardinals constituted a privileged class among the Roman clergy. They took part in the administration of the church of Rome and in the papal liturgy. By decree of a synod of 769, only a cardinal was eligible to become pope. In 1059, during the pontificate of Nicholas II, cardinals were given the right to elect the pope under the Papal Bull In nomine Domini. For a time this power was assigned exclusively to the cardinal bishops, but the Third Lateran Council in 1179 gave back the right to the whole body of cardinals. Cardinals were granted the privilege of wearing the red hat by Pope Innocent IV in 1244."}], ["Walaupun penyandang beberapa melihat kerap dibuat kardinal, dan sesetengah negara berhak untuk sekurang-kurangnya satu kardinal dengan kesepakatan (biasanya memperoleh primadinya topi kardinal), tidak ada bukti yang sebenarnya membawa kardinal, walaupun biskopnya adalah Patriarch. <> Adakah sesiapa yang melihatnya membawa hak kepada cardinalate? || tidak <> Walaupun terdapat beberapa tradisi dan hak, tidak ada hak untuk apa? || cardinalate <> Yang mana melihat hak untuk cardinalate? || <> Biskop mana yang membawa hak sebenar kepada kardinal? || <> Siapa yang tidak kadang-kadang berhak mendapat sekurang-kurangnya satu kardinal dengan konsisten? || <> Siapa yang tidak kerap dibuat kardinal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Do any sees carry the right to the cardinalate?", "id": "56ddf05366d3e219004dae2f", "answers": [{"text": "no", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Despite some traditions and rights, no see has the right to what?", "id": "56df09693277331400b4d8f5", "answers": [{"text": "the cardinalate", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "no see carries an actual right", "answer_start": 185}], "question": "Which see carries a right to the cardinalate?", "id": "5ad2f62e604f3c001a3fda63", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "not even if its bishop is a Patriarch", "answer_start": 236}], "question": "Which bishop carries an actual right to the cardinalate?", "id": "5ad2f62e604f3c001a3fda64", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "some countries", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "Who is not sometimes entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate?", "id": "5ad2f62e604f3c001a3fda65", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "incumbents of some sees", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "Who are not regularly made cardinals?", "id": "5ad2f62e604f3c001a3fda66", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "While the incumbents of some sees are regularly made cardinals, and some countries are entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate (usually earning its primate the cardinal's hat), no see carries an actual right to the cardinalate, not even if its bishop is a Patriarch."}], ["Uskup kardinal (kardinal perintah episcopal) adalah antara gereja Katolik yang paling senior. Walaupun pada zaman moden kebanyakan kardinal juga uskup, istilah \"uskup kardinal\" hanya merujuk kepada kardinal yang merupakan uskup titular dari salah satu \"suburbicarian\" yang dilihat. <> Siapakah di antara ahli Gereja Katolik yang paling senior? || Uskup kardinal <> Apakah uskup kardinal? || kardinal perintah episcopal <> Sesetengah kardinal adalah nama biskop dalam nama sahaja, apa yang mereka panggil? || Uskup kardinal <> Siapa yang merupakan antara penatua paling muda di Gereja Katolik? || <> Apakah kardinal pesanan Benediktin? || <> Apa yang paling kardinal tidak dikenali seperti di zaman moden? || <> Apakah istilah \"uskup kardinal\" tidak merujuk? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who are among the most senior members of the Catholic Church?", "id": "56ddf0d99a695914005b96f6", "answers": [{"text": "Cardinal bishops", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a cardinal bishop?", "id": "56ddf0d99a695914005b96f7", "answers": [{"text": "cardinals of the episcopal order", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some cardinals are bishop in name only, what are they called?", "id": "56df0a4e3277331400b4d901", "answers": [{"text": "Cardinal bishops", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cardinal bishops", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who is among the most junior prelates of the Catholic Church?", "id": "5ad2f254604f3c001a3fda2d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cardinal bishops", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is a cardinal of the Benedictine order?", "id": "5ad2f254604f3c001a3fda2e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "bishops", "answer_start": 158}], "question": "What are most cardinals not known as in modern times?", "id": "5ad2f254604f3c001a3fda2f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "only refers to the cardinals who are titular bishops of one of the \"suburbicarian\" sees.", "answer_start": 194}], "question": "What does the term \"cardinal bishop\" not refer to?", "id": "5ad2f254604f3c001a3fda30", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Cardinal bishops (cardinals of the episcopal order) are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church. Though in modern times most cardinals are also bishops, the term \"cardinal bishop\" only refers to the cardinals who are titular bishops of one of the \"suburbicarian\" sees."}], ["Pada tahun 1630, Pope Urban VIII telah menetapkan tajuk mereka sebagai Eminence (sebelum ini, \"illustrissimo\" dan \"reverendissimo\") dan menetapkan bahawa kedudukan sekular mereka akan sama dengan Putera, menjadikannya sekunder hanya kepada Paus dan dinobatkan sebagai raja. <> Pada tahun itu adalah tajuk yang menentukan Eminence? || 1630 <> Siapa yang menentukan ini? || Paus Urban VIII <> Apakah pangkat yang ditetapkan oleh ketetapan Eminece? || Putera <> Siapa yang memegang lebih kuasa maka kardinal? || Paus dan raja dinobatkan <> Paus mana yang memutuskan bahawa menjadi paus adalah sama dengan menjadi putera? || <Pope Urban VIII <> Tahun apa Pope Pious II membuat keputusan mereka sebagai Eminence? || <> Apa yang menjadi tajuk paus sebelum 1630? || <> Siapa yang menentukan bahawa kedudukan sekular mereka akan sama dengan raja? || <> Siapa yang kurang kuasa maka kardinal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In was year was the title decreed Eminence?", "id": "56ddec6666d3e219004dae0f", "answers": [{"text": "1630", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who decreed this?", "id": "56ddec6666d3e219004dae10", "answers": [{"text": "Pope Urban VIII", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What rank did the Eminece decree assigned?", "id": "56ddec6666d3e219004dae11", "answers": [{"text": "Prince", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who held more power then the cardinal?", "id": "56ddec6666d3e219004dae12", "answers": [{"text": "the Pope and crowned monarchs", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which pope decided that being pope was equal to being a prince?", "id": "56df057ec65bf219000b3ee3", "answers": [{"text": "Pope Urban VIII", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1630", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "What year did Pope Pious II decree their title to be Eminence?", "id": "5ad2ef2b604f3c001a3fd9f7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "previously, it had been \"illustrissimo\" and \"reverendissimo\"", "answer_start": 61}], "question": "What did was the title of the pope before 1630?", "id": "5ad2ef2b604f3c001a3fd9f8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pope Urban VIII", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "Who decreed that their secular rank would equate to king?", "id": "5ad2ef2b604f3c001a3fd9f9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pope and crowned monarchs.", "answer_start": 218}], "question": "Who held less power then the cardinal?", "id": "5ad2ef2b604f3c001a3fd9fa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been \"illustrissimo\" and \"reverendissimo\")  and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs."}], ["Sejak tahun 1962, uskup kardinal hanya mempunyai hubungan titular dengan suburbicarian melihat, tanpa kuasa tadbir ke atas mereka. Setiap pandangan mempunyai uskup sendiri, kecuali Ostia, di mana Vikaris Kardinal dari Roma adalah pentadbir rasulan. <> Uskup Kardinal tidak mempunyai kuasa pemerintahan di atas suburibicarian lihat sejak bila? || 1962 <> Yang manakah tidak mempunyai uskup sendiri? || Ostia <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab terhadap Ostia? || Vikaris Kardinal melihat Rom adalah pentadbir rasul. <> Pada tahun apakah ia memutuskan bahawa uskup kardinal tidak mempunyai kuasa terhadap tujuh pandangan? || 1962 <> Apa yang dilihat adalah pengecualian kepada peraturan ini? || Ostia <> Siapa yang berkuasa atas pengecualian? || Vikaris Kardinal dari rantau Roma <> Apa jenis perhubungan yang dilakukan Paus dengan suburbicarian? || <> Siapa yang mempunyai kuasa tadbir urus yang dilihat oleh suburbicarian? || <> Dalam tahun apakah para uskup kardinal mempunyai kuasa tadbir urus yang dilihat oleh suburbicarian? || <> Siapa uskup Ostia? || <> Yang mana tidak setiap melihat kecuali Ostia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Cardinal bishops do not have any powers of governnace over the suburibicarian see since when?", "id": "56ddf25a9a695914005b9714", "answers": [{"text": "1962", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which see doesn't have its own bishop?", "id": "56ddf25a9a695914005b9716", "answers": [{"text": "Ostia", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is in charge of Ostia? ", "id": "56ddf25a9a695914005b9717", "answers": [{"text": "Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator.", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was it decided that cardinal bishops had no power over the seven sees?", "id": "56df0baf3277331400b4d913", "answers": [{"text": "1962", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What see is the one exception to this rule?", "id": "56df0baf3277331400b4d914", "answers": [{"text": "Ostia", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has power over the exception?", "id": "56df0baf3277331400b4d915", "answers": [{"text": "the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "only a titular relationship", "answer_start": 38}], "question": "What type of relationship did the pope have with suburbicarian sees?", "id": "5ad2f9f5604f3c001a3fda7b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinal bishops", "answer_start": 16}], "question": "Who had powers of governance over suburbicarian sees?", "id": "5ad2f9f5604f3c001a3fda7c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1962", "answer_start": 6}], "question": "In what year did cardinal bishops have the powers of governance over suburbicarian sees?", "id": "5ad2f9f5604f3c001a3fda7d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome", "answer_start": 206}], "question": "Who is the bishop of Ostia?", "id": "5ad2f9f5604f3c001a3fda7e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "its own bishop", "answer_start": 148}], "question": "Which does each see not have with the exception of Ostia?", "id": "5ad2f9f5604f3c001a3fda7f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator."}], ["Terdapat tujuh suburbikarian: Ostia, Albano, Porto dan Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina dan Mentana, Frascati dan Velletri. Velletri telah bersatu dengan Ostia dari 1150 hingga 1914, ketika Paus Pius X memisahkan mereka lagi, tetapi memutuskan bahawa apa pun uskup kardinal yang menjadi Dekan Kolej Kardinal akan memastikan suburbicarian melihat dia sudah memegang, dengan menambah Ostia, dengan hasilnya bahawa terdapat hanya enam orang uskup kardinal. <> Berapa ramai suburbicarian melihat? || tujuh <> Bilakah kedua-dua orang melihatnya? || 1150 hingga 1914 <> Siapa yang memisahkan mereka? || Paus Pius X <> Apa yang dilihat oleh tujuh orang? || Ostia, Albano, Porto dan Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina dan Mentana, Frascati dan Velletri <> Apakah nama delapan suburbicarian yang dilihat? || <> Yang mana dua melihat telah bersatu dari 1250 hingga 1944? || <> Apa yang dilakukan Pope Pius II kepada Velletri dan Ostia pada tahun 1914? || <> Bagaimana Paus Pius X mengekalkan hanya empat uskup kardinal? || <> Apa suburbicarian yang akan Presiden Kolej Kardinal menyimpan sebagai tambahan kepada Velletri itu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many suburbicarian sees?", "id": "56ddf1f266d3e219004dae43", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the two sees combined? ", "id": "56ddf1f266d3e219004dae45", "answers": [{"text": "1150 until 1914", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who separated them?", "id": "56ddf1f266d3e219004dae46", "answers": [{"text": "Pope Pius X", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the seven sees?", "id": "56df0b313277331400b4d911", "answers": [{"text": "Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri", "answer_start": 36}], "question": "What are the name of the eight suburbicarian sees?", "id": "5ad2f87c604f3c001a3fda71", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Velletri was united with Ostia", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "Which two sees were united from 1250 to 1944?", "id": "5ad2f87c604f3c001a3fda72", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "separated them again", "answer_start": 200}], "question": "What did Pope Pius II do to Velletri and Ostia in 1914?", "id": "5ad2f87c604f3c001a3fda73", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the suburbicarian see he already held, adding to it that of Ostia", "answer_start": 248}], "question": "How did Pope Pius X maintain only four cardinal bishops?", "id": "5ad2f87c604f3c001a3fda74", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the suburbicarian see he already held", "answer_start": 315}], "question": "What suburbicarian would the President of the College of Cardinal keep in addition to that Velletri?", "id": "5ad2f87c604f3c001a3fda75", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the suburbicarian see he already held, adding to it that of Ostia, with the result that there continued to be only six cardinal bishops."}], ["Kardinal mempunyai undang-undang kanon sebagai \"keistimewaan forum\" (iaitu, pengecualian daripada diadili oleh tribunal gereja pangkat biasa): hanya pope yang berkompeten untuk menilai mereka dalam perkara-perkara yang tertakluk kepada bidang kuasa gerejawi (kes-kes yang merujuk kepada perkara-perkara yang rohani atau dikaitkan dengan rohani, atau berkaitan dengan pelanggaran undang-undang gerejawi dan apa pun yang mengandungi unsur dosa, di mana penipuan mesti ditentukan dan penalti gereja yang sesuai dikenakan). Paus itu sama ada memutuskan kes itu sendiri atau mewakilkan keputusan itu ke tribunal, biasanya salah satu dari tribunal atau jemaat dari Curia Rom. Tanpa perwakilan sedemikian, tiada mahkamah gereja, bahkan Roman Rota, berkompeten untuk menilai kes undang-undang kanon terhadap seorang kardinal. Walau bagaimanapun, kardinal tertakluk kepada undang-undang sivil dan jenayah seperti orang lain. <> Siapakah satu-satunya orang yang boleh menilai Kardinal berkenaan dengan undang-undang gereja? || Paus <> Apakah hak istimewa jaminan kardinal dan papa? || <> Siapa yang dilarang untuk mengadili kardinal dalam perkara yang tertakluk kepada bidang kuasa gerejawi? || <> Apa pope sama ada memutuskan atau mewakilkan keputusan ke Kolej Kardinal? || <> Apa kardinal tidak tertakluk kepada orang lain? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is the only person who can judge a Cardinal in regards to laws of the church?", "id": "56def8cbc65bf219000b3e5f", "answers": [{"text": "the pope", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "exemption from being judged by ecclesiastical tribunals of ordinary rank", "answer_start": 58}], "question": "What does the privilege of democracy guarantee cardinals and popes?", "id": "5ad31a2e604f3c001a3fdb69", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the pope", "answer_start": 138}], "question": "Who is forbidden to judge cardinals in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction? ", "id": "5ad31a2e604f3c001a3fdb6a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the case", "answer_start": 511}], "question": "What does the pope either decide or delegates the decision to the the College of Cardinals?", "id": "5ad31a2e604f3c001a3fdb6b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to the civil and criminal law", "answer_start": 797}], "question": "What are cardinals not subject to like everybody else?", "id": "5ad31a2e604f3c001a3fdb6c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Cardinals have in canon law a \"privilege of forum\" (i.e., exemption from being judged by ecclesiastical tribunals of ordinary rank): only the pope is competent to judge them in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction (cases that refer to matters that are spiritual or linked with the spiritual, or with regard to infringement of ecclesiastical laws and whatever contains an element of sin, where culpability must be determined and the appropriate ecclesiastical penalty imposed). The pope either decides the case himself or delegates the decision to a tribunal, usually one of the tribunals or congregations of the Roman Curia. Without such delegation, no ecclesiastical court, even the Roman Rota, is competent to judge a canon law case against a cardinal. Cardinals are, however, subject to the civil and criminal law like everybody else."}], ["Pada masa-masa awal, keistimewaan pemilihan paus tidak dikhaskan untuk kardinal, dan selama berabad-abad orang yang dipilih biasanya menjadi imam Romawi dan tidak pernah seorang uskup dari tempat lain. Untuk memelihara penggantian rasul, upacara penyerahan kepadanya seorang uskup harus dilakukan oleh seseorang yang sudah menjadi uskup. Peraturan itu tetap, jika orang yang dipilih Paus belum menjadi uskup, ia disucikan oleh Dekan Kolej Kardinal, Uskup Kardinal Ostia. <> Pada zaman dahulu, yang biasanya terpilih kepada kardinal? || Seorang imam Rom <> Mengapa ceramah untuk menyucikan uskup perlu dibuat oleh seseorang yang sudah menjadi uskup? || Untuk memelihara penggantian kerasulan <> Apa aturan jika peson dipilih bukan uskup? || dia disucikan oleh Dekan Kolej Kardinal, Uskup Kardinal Ostia. <> Apa yang berlaku jika Paus terpilih yang bukan uskup? || dia disucikan oleh Dekan Kolej Kardinal, Uskup Kardinal Ostia. <> Apa yang diperuntukkan untuk kardinal pada zaman dahulu? || <> Siapa yang pada umumnya tidak dipilih untuk kardinal pada zaman dahulu? || <> Apakah peraturan jika orang yang dipilih adalah uskup? || <> Apa yang berlaku jika seorang Nun terpilih yang bukan seorang uskup? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In early times, who was generally electied to cardinal?", "id": "56ddf1759a695914005b9706", "answers": [{"text": "a Roman priest", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did the ceromony of consecrating a bishop have to be preformed by someone who was already a bishop?", "id": "56ddf1759a695914005b9707", "answers": [{"text": "To preserve apostolic succession", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the rule if the peson elected is not a bishop? ", "id": "56ddf1759a695914005b9708", "answers": [{"text": "he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia.", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happens if a Pope is elected who is not a bishop?", "id": "56df0afa3277331400b4d90d", "answers": [{"text": "he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia.", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the privilege of papal election", "answer_start": 16}], "question": "What was reserved for the cardinals in early times?", "id": "5ad2f313604f3c001a3fda3b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a Roman priest", "answer_start": 136}], "question": "Who was generally not elected to cardinal in early times?", "id": "5ad2f313604f3c001a3fda3c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia.", "answer_start": 385}], "question": "What is the rule if the person elected is a bishop?", "id": "5ad2f313604f3c001a3fda3d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia.", "answer_start": 385}], "question": "What happens if a Nun is elected who is not a bishop?", "id": "5ad2f313604f3c001a3fda3e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In early times, the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere. To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrating him a bishop had to be performed by someone who was already a bishop. The rule remains that, if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop, he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia."}], ["Di Latin, sebaliknya, [Nama Pertama] perintah Kardinal [Surname] digunakan dalam pengisytiharan pemilihan seorang paus baru oleh protodenon kardinal: \"Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (nama pertama) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem (nama belakang), ... \"(Maksudnya:\" Saya mengumumkan kepada anda suatu kegembiraan yang hebat; kita mempunyai Paus: Yang Paling Mulia dan Yang Maha Penguasa Tuhan, Tuhan (nama pertama) Kardinal dari Gereja Rom Suci (nama belakang), ... \") Ini mengandaikan bahawa paus baru telah menjadi kardinal sebelum menjadi paus; pemilihan yang paling baru-baru ini bukan kardinal sebagai paus adalah pada tahun 1378. <> Cara apa yang digunakan untuk mengumumkan pemilihan seorang paus baru dalam bahasa Latin? || [First name] Kardinal [Surname] <> Apa yang harus pople baru sebelum menjadi paus? || Kardinal <> Bilakah pemilihan yang paling baru-baru ini bukan kardinal? || 1378 <> Bilakah kali terakhir bukan kardinal dipilih sebagai paus? || 1378 <> Cara apa yang digunakan dalam pengisytiharan pemilihan seorang biarawati baru dalam bahasa Latin? || <> Apa yang sepatutnya menjadi paus baru sebelum menjadi paus? || <> Bagaimana seharusnya paus baru tidak alamat oleh protodoks Cardinal? || <> Bilakah pilihan terakhir kardinal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What way is used to announce the election of a new pope in Latin?", "id": "56ddee7066d3e219004dae25", "answers": [{"text": "[First name] Cardinal [Surname]", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What should the new pople have been before becoming a pope?", "id": "56ddee7066d3e219004dae26", "answers": [{"text": "Cardinal", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the most recent election of a non-cardinal?", "id": "56ddee7066d3e219004dae27", "answers": [{"text": "1378", "answer_start": 630}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When is the last time a non cardinal was elected as pope?", "id": "56df090bc65bf219000b3ef1", "answers": [{"text": "1378", "answer_start": 630}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "[First name] Cardinal [Surname]", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "What way is used in the proclamation of the election of a new nun in Latin?", "id": "5ad2f1ba604f3c001a3fda1f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cardinal", "answer_start": 441}], "question": "What should a new pope not have been before becoming a pope?", "id": "5ad2f1ba604f3c001a3fda20", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (first name) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem", "answer_start": 159}], "question": "How should a new pope not be addresses by the Cardinal protodeacon?", "id": "5ad2f1ba604f3c001a3fda21", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1378", "answer_start": 630}], "question": "When was the last election of a cardinal?", "id": "5ad2f1ba604f3c001a3fda22", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: \"Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (first name) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem (last name), ...\" (Meaning: \"I announce to you a great joy; we have a Pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord (first name) Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church (last name), ...\") This assumes that the new pope had been a cardinal just before becoming pope; the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope was in 1378."}], ["Seorang kardinal (Latin: sanctae romanae ecclesiae cardinalis, secara literal kardinal dari Gereja Holy Roman) adalah pemimpin gereja senior, putera gerejawi, dan biasanya (kini selalu bagi mereka yang dicipta ketika masih berada di dalam jajaran umur pengundi) seorang uskup yang ditahbiskan Gereja Katolik Roma. Kardinal Gereja secara kolektif dikenali sebagai Kolej Kardinal. Tugas kardinal termasuk menghadiri pertemuan Kolej dan membuat diri mereka tersedia secara individu atau berkumpulan dengan Paus seperti yang diminta. Kebanyakan mempunyai tugas tambahan, seperti mengetuai keuskupan atau keuskupan atau mengurus sebuah jabatan dari Curia Rom. Tugas utama kardinal ialah memilih paus apabila melihat menjadi kosong. Semasa sede vacante (tempoh antara kematian paus atau peletakan jawatan dan pemilihan penggantinya), tadbir urus harian Holy See berada di tangan Kolej Kardinal. Hak untuk memasuki konklaf kardinal di mana paus dipilih adalah terhad kepada mereka yang belum mencapai umur 80 tahun pada hari kekosongan itu berlaku. <> Seluruh kumpulan kardinal dikenali sebagai apa? || Kolej Kardinal <> Siapa pemimpin gereja junior di Gereja Rom Suci? || <> Apakah kardinal gereja tidak dikenali secara kolektif? || <> Tugas-tugas apa yang tidak dilakukan oleh kardinal? || <> Apakah tugas utama imam? || <> Siapa yang tidak mengawasi pemerintahan sehari-hari semasa penerbangan kosong? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The entire group of cardinals is known as what?", "id": "56def231c65bf219000b3e4c", "answers": [{"text": "College of Cardinals", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "A cardinal", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who is a junior ecclesiastical leader in the Holy Roman Church?", "id": "5ad2da65d7d075001a42a4a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the College of Cardinals", "answer_start": 348}], "question": "What are the cardinals of the church not collectively known as?", "id": "5ad2da65d7d075001a42a4a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "attending the meetings of the College and making themselves available individually or in groups to the Pope as requested.", "answer_start": 410}], "question": "What duties do cardinals not perform?", "id": "5ad2da65d7d075001a42a4a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "electing the pope when the see becomes vacant.", "answer_start": 676}], "question": "What is a priest's primary duty?", "id": "5ad2da65d7d075001a42a4a9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the College of Cardinals", "answer_start": 894}], "question": "Who does not oversee the day-to-day governance during the sede vacante?", "id": "5ad2da65d7d075001a42a4aa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A cardinal (Latin: sanctae romanae ecclesiae cardinalis, literally cardinal of the Holy Roman Church) is a senior ecclesiastical leader, an ecclesiastical prince, and usually (now always for those created when still within the voting age-range) an ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. The cardinals of the Church are collectively known as the College of Cardinals. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and making themselves available individually or in groups to the Pope as requested. Most have additional duties, such as leading a diocese or archdiocese or managing a department of the Roman Curia. A cardinal's primary duty is electing the pope when the see becomes vacant. During the sede vacante (the period between a pope's death or resignation and the election of his successor), the day-to-day governance of the Holy See is in the hands of the College of Cardinals. The right to enter the conclave of cardinals where the pope is elected is limited to those who have not reached the age of 80 years by the day the vacancy occurs."}], ["Sesuai dengan tradisi, mereka menandatangani dengan meletakkan gelaran \"Cardinal\" (Card ringkas) setelah nama peribadi mereka dan sebelum nama keluarga mereka sebagai contoh, \"John Card (inal) Doe\" atau, dalam Latin, \"Card Ioannes (inalis ) Cognomen \". Beberapa penulis, seperti James-Charles Noonan, berpendapat bahawa, dalam hal kardinal, borang yang digunakan untuk tandatangan harus digunakan juga apabila merujuk kepada mereka dalam bahasa Inggeris. Sumber-sumber rasmi seperti Keuskupan Keuskupan Milwaukee dan Berita Katolik mengatakan bahawa bentuk yang betul untuk merujuk kepada kardinal dalam bahasa Inggeris biasanya sebagai \"Kardinal [Nama Pertama] [Surname]\". Inilah peraturan yang diberikan dalam buku gaya yang tidak dikaitkan dengan Gereja Katolik. Gaya ini juga umumnya diikuti di laman web persidangan Holy See dan episcopal. Patriarki Oriental yang dicipta Kardinal biasanya menggunakan \"Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis\" sebagai tajuk penuh mereka, mungkin kerana mereka bukan milik ulama Romawi. <> Keuskupan Agung Milwaukee mengatakan bahawa cara yang betul untuk menangani kardinal dalam Bahasa Inggeris adalah? || \"Kardinal [Nama pertama] [Surname]\" <> Apakah cara yang betul untuk menangani kardinal mengikut Keuskupan Keuskupan Milwaukee? || Kardinal [Nama pertama] [Surname] <> Bagaimana kardinal menandatangani secara tradisinya? || dengan meletakkan tajuk \"Cardinal\" (Kad ringkas) selepas nama peribadi mereka dan sebelum nama keluarga mereka <> Bagaimana Patriarki Oriental menandatangani? || Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis <> Mengapa Oriental Patriarchs menandatangani cara ini? || kerana mereka tidak tergolong dalam golongan ulama Rom <> Apa yang bukan cara yang betul untuk menangani seorang kardinal menurut Keuskupan Agung Milwaukee? || <> Bagaimana tanda kardinal yang tidak sesuai dengan tradisi? || <> Gaya apa yang umumnya tidak diikuti di laman web persidangan Holy See dan episcopal? || <> Bagaimana ahli bahasa Inggeris biasanya menandatangani? || <> Siapa yang bukan milik paderi Perancis? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The Archdiocese of Milwaukee says that the correct way to address a cardinal in English is? ", "id": "56dded029a695914005b96cf", "answers": [{"text": "\"Cardinal [First name] [Surname]\"", "answer_start": 555}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the proper way to address a cardinal according to the Archdiocese of Milwaukee?", "id": "56df08cb3277331400b4d8e3", "answers": [{"text": "Cardinal [First name] [Surname]", "answer_start": 556}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do cardinals sign traditionally?", "id": "56df08cb3277331400b4d8e4", "answers": [{"text": "by placing the title \"Cardinal\" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do Oriental Patriarchs sign?", "id": "56df08cb3277331400b4d8e5", "answers": [{"text": "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis", "answer_start": 833}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why do Oriental Patriarchs sign this way?", "id": "56df08cb3277331400b4d8e6", "answers": [{"text": "because they do not belong to the Roman clergy", "answer_start": 893}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"Cardinal [First name] [Surname]", "answer_start": 555}], "question": "What is not the correct way to address a cardinal according to the Archdiocese of Milwaukee?", "id": "5ad2f080604f3c001a3fda0d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "by placing the title \"Cardinal\" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "How do cardinals sign that is not in accordance with tradition?", "id": "5ad2f080604f3c001a3fda0e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"Cardinal [First name] [Surname]\"", "answer_start": 555}], "question": "What style is generally not followed on the websites of the Holy See and episcopal conferences?", "id": "5ad2f080604f3c001a3fda0f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis", "answer_start": 833}], "question": "How do English Patriarchs typically sign?", "id": "5ad2f080604f3c001a3fda10", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Oriental Patriarchs", "answer_start": 770}], "question": "Who does not belong to the French clergy?", "id": "5ad2f080604f3c001a3fda11", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In accordance with tradition, they sign by placing the title \"Cardinal\" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, \"John Card(inal) Doe\" or, in Latin, \"Ioannes Card(inalis) Cognomen\". Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form used for signatures should be used also when referring to them in English. Official sources such as the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and Catholic News Service say that the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English is normally as \"Cardinal [First name] [Surname]\". This is the rule given also in stylebooks not associated with the Catholic Church. This style is also generally followed on the websites of the Holy See and episcopal conferences. Oriental Patriarchs who are created Cardinals customarily use \"Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis\" as their full title, probably because they do not belong to the Roman clergy."}], ["Semasa Schism Barat, banyak kardinal dicipta oleh paus yang bertanding. Bermula dengan pemerintahan Paus Martin V, kardinal diciptakan tanpa menerbitkan nama mereka sehingga kemudian, dinamakan creati et reservati di pectore. <> Paus mana yang mula menggunakan creati et reservati dalam pektore? || Pope Martin V <> Bagaimana ramai Kardinal dicipta semasa Schism Timur>? || <> Apa yang telah diterbitkan semasa pemerintahan Pope Martin V? || <> Apakah Pope Pious V mula menggunakan? || <> Kedudukan apa yang tidak dipertikaikan semasa Schism Barat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which pope began using creati et reservati in pectore?", "id": "56defd5e3277331400b4d86c", "answers": [{"text": "Pope Martin V", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "by the contending popes", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "How were many Cardinals created during the Eastern Schism>?", "id": "5ad311b9604f3c001a3fdb2b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinals were created without publishing their names", "answer_start": 123}], "question": "What was published during the reign of Pope Martin V?", "id": "5ad311b9604f3c001a3fdb2c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "creati et reservati in pectore.", "answer_start": 197}], "question": "What did Pope Pious V begin using?", "id": "5ad311b9604f3c001a3fdb2d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "popes", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "What position was not being contended during the Western Schism?", "id": "5ad311b9604f3c001a3fdb2e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During the Western Schism, many cardinals were created by the contending popes. Beginning with the reign of Pope Martin V, cardinals were created without publishing their names until later, termed creati et reservati in pectore."}], ["Kardinal Katolik Timur terus memakai pakaian biasa yang sesuai dengan tradisi liturgi mereka, walaupun ada yang mungkin menyusun cassocks mereka dengan kain kirmizi dan memakai fascias merah, atau dalam beberapa kes, memakai cassocks gaya timur sepenuhnya dari kardus. <> Kardinal mana yang masih memakai pakaian tradisional? || Kardinal Katolik Timur <> Apa kardinal Katolik Barat terus memakai? || <> Apa kadal kardinal Katolik Barat kadangkala beratur? || <> Apa warna cassocks gaya Barat yang dibuat sepenuhnya? || <> Apa pakaian tradisi yang berlaku diakoda Katolik Timur terus dipakai? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which Cardinals still wear traditional clothing?", "id": "56defa45c65bf219000b3e71", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern Catholic cardinals", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the normal dress appropriate to their liturgical tradition", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "What do Western Catholic cardinals continue to wear?", "id": "5ad31659604f3c001a3fdb4d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "their cassocks with scarlet and wear scarlet fascias,", "answer_start": 125}], "question": "What do Western Catholic cardinals sometimes line?", "id": "5ad31659604f3c001a3fdb4e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "scarlet", "answer_start": 237}], "question": "What color are Western style cassocks made entirely of?", "id": "5ad31659604f3c001a3fdb4f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "liturgical", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "What traditional dress do eastern Catholic deacons continue to wear?", "id": "5ad31659604f3c001a3fdb50", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Eastern Catholic cardinals continue to wear the normal dress appropriate to their liturgical tradition, though some may line their cassocks with scarlet and wear scarlet fascias, or in some cases, wear Eastern-style cassocks entirely of scarlet."}], ["Sekiranya keadaan berubah, supaya pope menilai ia selamat untuk membuat pelantikan orang ramai, dia boleh berbuat demikian pada bila-bila masa. Kardinal yang dipersoalkan kemudian berada di peringkat terdahulunya dengan yang dibangkitkan kepada kardinal pada masa pelantikannya di pectore. Sekiranya paus mati sebelum mendedahkan identiti kardinal pektori, cardinalate tamat. <> Apa yang berlaku jika Kardinal dinamakan dalam pektore, dan paus itu mati? || cardinalate tamat <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh Paus jika keadaan tidak berubah? || <> Apa yang berlaku jika Kardinal dinamakan dalam pektore dan presiden mati? || <> Identiti siapa yang tidak didedahkan jika paus mati? || <> Siapa yang menengah ke atas yang dibesarkan di cardinalate pada masa pelantikannya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What happens if a Cardinal is named in pectore, and the pope dies?", "id": "56defc6dc65bf219000b3e8f", "answers": [{"text": "the cardinalate expires", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pope judges it safe to make the appointment public, he may do so at any time", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "What does the Pope do if conditions do not change?", "id": "5ad31430604f3c001a3fdb3b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the cardinalate expires.", "answer_start": 314}], "question": "What happens if a Cardinal is named in pectore and the president dies?", "id": "5ad31430604f3c001a3fdb3c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in pectore", "answer_start": 218}], "question": "Whose identity is not revealed if the pope dies?", "id": "5ad31430604f3c001a3fdb3d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in pectore", "answer_start": 218}], "question": "Who ranks secondary to those raised in the cardinalate at the time of his appointment?", "id": "5ad31430604f3c001a3fdb3e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "If conditions change, so that the pope judges it safe to make the appointment public, he may do so at any time. The cardinal in question then ranks in precedence with those raised to the cardinalate at the time of his in pectore appointment. If a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal, the cardinalate expires."}], ["Kardinal Camerlengo dari Gereja Suci Romawi, yang dibantu oleh Naib Camerlengo dan pejabat pemerintah lain yang dikenal sebagai Camera Apostolik, mempunyai fungsi yang pada dasarnya terhad kepada tempoh kosong kosong. Dia menyusun maklumat tentang keadaan kewangan semua pentadbir yang bergantung kepada Holy See dan membentangkan hasilnya kepada Kolej Kardinal, ketika mereka berkumpul untuk konklaf kepausan. <> Pada masa antara memilih paus baru, apakah tugas kardinal? || menyusun maklumat mengenai keadaan kewangan semua pentadbir yang bergantung kepada Suci Lihat dan membentangkan hasilnya kepada Kolej Kardinal <> Apa empat entiti yang membentuk Kamera Apostolik? || <> Siapa yang mempunyai fungsi yang tidak terhad kepada tempoh kosong vacancy of the papacy? || <> Siapa yang tidak juga menyusun maklumat mengenai keadaan kewangan semua pentadbiran yang bergantung pada Holy See? || <> Siapa yang tidak mempunyai tanggungjawab menyampaikan keputusan ke Kolej Kardinal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In the time between electing new popes, what is the duty of the cardinal?", "id": "56df00ebc65bf219000b3ec3", "answers": [{"text": "collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dependent on the Holy See and present the results to the College of Cardinals", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What four entities make up the Apostolic Camera?", "id": "5ad30d26604f3c001a3fdb09", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Apostolic Camera", "answer_start": 132}], "question": "Who has functions that are not limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy?", "id": "5ad30d26604f3c001a3fdb0a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who does nor collate information about the financial situation of all dependent administrations of the Holy See?", "id": "5ad30d26604f3c001a3fdb0b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cardinal Camerlengo", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Who does not have the responsibility of presenting results to the College of Cardinals?", "id": "5ad30d26604f3c001a3fdb0c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy. He is to collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dependent on the Holy See and present the results to the College of Cardinals, as they gather for the papal conclave."}], ["Untuk melambangkan ikatan mereka dengan kepausan, paus memberikan setiap cincin emas kardinal yang baru dilantik, yang secara tradisional dicium oleh umat Katolik ketika menyapa kardinal (seperti dengan cincin episkopal uskup). Paus memilih gambar di luar: di bawah Paus Benediktus XVI ia adalah gambaran moden penyaliban Yesus, dengan Mary dan John ke setiap sisi. Cincin ini termasuk lapisan tangan paus di bahagian dalam. [Rujukan?] <> Apa yang diberikan oleh paus kepada Kardinal baru? || cincin emas <> Siapa yang menentukan reka bentuk barang yang diberikan kepada Kardinal baru? || paus <> Apa yang diberikan oleh paus kepada setiap kardinal yang bersara? || <> Apakah cincin perak melambangkan? || <> Apa yang biasa dicium oleh Athiests ketika menyapa seorang kardinal? || <> Apa yang termasuk kardinal senjata kardinal? || <> Apakah imej Paus Yohanes Paulus II menggambarkan di luar cincin itu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does the pope give to a new Cardinal?", "id": "56def9503277331400b4d857", "answers": [{"text": "a gold ring", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who decides on the design of the item given to new Cardinals?", "id": "56def9503277331400b4d858", "answers": [{"text": "the pope", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a gold ring", "answer_start": 86}], "question": "What does the pope give to each retiring cardinal?", "id": "5ad3183e604f3c001a3fdb5f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "their bond with the papacy", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "What does the silver ring symbolize?", "id": "5ad3183e604f3c001a3fdb60", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "gold ring", "answer_start": 88}], "question": "What is traditionally kissed by Athiests when greeting a cardinal?", "id": "5ad3183e604f3c001a3fdb61", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The ring", "answer_start": 359}], "question": "What includes the cardinal's coat of arms?", "id": "5ad3183e604f3c001a3fdb62", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a modern depiction of the crucifixion of Jesus, with Mary and John to each side.", "answer_start": 278}], "question": "What image did Pope John Paul II depict on the outside of the ring?", "id": "5ad3183e604f3c001a3fdb63", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "To symbolize their bond with the papacy, the pope gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring, which is traditionally kissed by Catholics when greeting a cardinal (as with a bishop's episcopal ring). The pope chooses the image on the outside: under Pope Benedict XVI it was a modern depiction of the crucifixion of Jesus, with Mary and John to each side. The ring includes the pope's coat of arms on the inside.[citation needed]"}], ["Pada zaman dahulu, pada konsistori di mana pope bernama kardinal baru, dia akan memberikan kepadanya topi berlapis lebar yang dipanggil galero. Peribadahan ini telah dihentikan pada tahun 1969 dan pengembaraan kini berlaku dengan biretta merah. Walau bagaimanapun, dalam galeri eklesiastikal, galeri merah itu masih dipamerkan di atas kepalanya kardinal. Kardinal mempunyai hak untuk memaparkan galero di katedral mereka, dan apabila seorang Kardinal meninggal, ia akan digantung dari siling di atas kuburnya. Sesetengah kardinal masih akan mempunyai galero yang dibuat, walaupun ia tidak secara rasmi sebahagian daripada pakaian mereka. [Rujukan?] <> Apa nama topi yang digunakan oleh paus ketika menamakan Kardinal baru? || sebuah galero. <> Dalam tahun apakah amalan menyumbangkan item ini berhenti? || 1969 <> Apa yang sekarang dipakai Paus ketika menamakan Kardinal baru? || merah biretta <> Apa nama topi yang diberikan kepada paus setelah penamaannya? || <> Apa adat dihentikan pada tahun 1959? || <> Apa yang kardinal tidak mempunyai hak untuk dipaparkan di katedral mereka? || <> Apa yang akan berlaku kepada seorang paus ketika dia meninggal dunia? || <> Apa yang secara rasmi sebahagian daripada pakaian kardinal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the hat that the pope used to wear when naming a new Cardinal?", "id": "56defa09c65bf219000b3e6b", "answers": [{"text": "a galero.", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the practice of donning this item stop?", "id": "56defa09c65bf219000b3e6c", "answers": [{"text": "1969", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the pope now wear when naming a new Cardinal?", "id": "56defa09c65bf219000b3e6d", "answers": [{"text": "scarlet biretta", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "galero", "answer_start": 142}], "question": "What was the name of the hat bestowed upon a pope upon his naming?", "id": "5ad31741604f3c001a3fdb55", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "bestow upon him a distinctive wide-brimmed hat", "answer_start": 86}], "question": "What custom was discontinued in 1959?", "id": "5ad31741604f3c001a3fdb56", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "galero", "answer_start": 395}], "question": "What do cardinals not have the right to display in their cathedral?", "id": "5ad31741604f3c001a3fdb57", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "it would be suspended from the ceiling above his tomb.", "answer_start": 448}], "question": "What would happen to a pope's gelero when he dies?", "id": "5ad31741604f3c001a3fdb58", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "galero", "answer_start": 536}], "question": "What is officially part of a cardinals apparel?", "id": "5ad31741604f3c001a3fdb59", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In previous times, at the consistory at which the pope named a new cardinal, he would bestow upon him a distinctive wide-brimmed hat called a galero. This custom was discontinued in 1969 and the investiture now takes place with the scarlet biretta. In ecclesiastical heraldry, however, the scarlet galero is still displayed on the cardinal's coat of arms. Cardinals had the right to display the galero in their cathedral, and when a cardinal died, it would be suspended from the ceiling above his tomb. Some cardinals will still have a galero made, even though it is not officially part of their apparel.[citation needed]"}], ["Seorang kardinal yang bukan uskup masih berhak memakai dan menggunakan pakaian episcopal dan pontificalia lain (regal episcopal: miter, crozier, zucchetto, salib dan cincin dada). Sekalipun tidak seorang uskup, mana-mana kardinal mempunyai keutamaan yang sebenarnya dan kehormatan atas para patriak bukan kardinal, serta para uskup dan uskup yang bukan kardinal, tetapi dia tidak dapat melaksanakan fungsi yang ditujukan hanya kepada uskup, seperti pentahbisan. Para imam yang terkenal sejak tahun 1962 tidak ditahbiskan sebagai uskup atas ketinggian mereka kepada kardinalat yang berusia lebih dari 80 tahun atau dekat dengannya, dan oleh itu tidak seorang kardinal yang bukan uskup telah mengambil bahagian dalam kesimpulan kepausan baru-baru ini. <> Kardinal yang tidak memegang tajuk \"uskup\" mungkin tidak melakukan apa? || melaksanakan fungsi yang dipelihara semata-mata kepada uskup, seperti penyerahan <> Kardinal yang bukan uskup telah dinaikkan pangkat kepada Kardinal sekitar usia 80 tahun sejak tahun? || 1962 <> Apa itu kardinal yang merupakan seorang uskup yang layak dipakai dan digunakan? || <> Apa enam item yang membentuk pakaian episkopal? || <> Apa yang mungkin seorang kardinal yang tidak memegang tajuk \"uskup\"? || <> Tahun apa kardinal adalah uskup yang telah dipromosikan kepada Kardinal sekitar usia 80? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "A cardinal who does not hold the title of \"bishop\" may not do what?", "id": "56deffe0c65bf219000b3ebb", "answers": [{"text": "perform the functions reserved solely to bishops, such as ordination", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Cardinals who were not bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80 since what year?", "id": "56deffe0c65bf219000b3ebc", "answers": [{"text": "1962", "answer_start": 468}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia", "answer_start": 65}], "question": "What is a cardinal who is a bishop entitles to wear and use?", "id": "5ad30f62604f3c001a3fdb1b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring", "answer_start": 132}], "question": "What six items make up the episcopal regalia?", "id": "5ad30f62604f3c001a3fdb1c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "perform the functions reserved solely to bishops, such as ordination.", "answer_start": 366}], "question": "What may a cardinal who does not hold the title of \"bishop\" do?", "id": "5ad30f62604f3c001a3fdb1d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1962", "answer_start": 468}], "question": "What year were cardinals were were bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80?", "id": "5ad30f62604f3c001a3fdb1e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and bishops who are not cardinals, but he cannot perform the functions reserved solely to bishops, such as ordination. The prominent priests who since 1962 were not ordained bishops on their elevation to the cardinalate were over the age of 80 or near to it, and so no cardinal who was not a bishop has participated in recent papal conclaves."}], ["Sehingga tahun 1917, adalah mungkin bagi seseorang yang bukan imam, tetapi hanya dalam perintah kecil, untuk menjadi kardinal (lihat \"kardinal lay\", di bawah), tetapi mereka hanya didaftarkan dalam urutan diakon kardinal. Sebagai contoh, pada abad ke-16, Reginald Pole adalah seorang kardinal selama 18 tahun sebelum dia ditahbiskan sebagai imam. Pada tahun 1917, semua kardinal, walaupun diakon kardinal, terpaksa menjadi imam, dan, pada tahun 1962, Paus Yohanes XXIII menetapkan norma bahawa semua kardinal ditahbiskan sebagai uskup, walaupun mereka hanya imam pada waktu pelantikan. Sebagai akibat daripada kedua-dua perubahan itu, kanun 351 Kod Kanun Hukum 1983 memerlukan seorang kardinal sekurang-kurangnya dalam susunan keimamatan semasa pelantikannya, dan mereka yang belum uskup mesti menerima penyucian episcopal. Beberapa kardinal yang berumur lebih dari 80 tahun atau dekat dengannya ketika dilantik telah memperoleh dispensasi dari pemerintahan yang harus menjadi uskup. Ini semua dilantik sebagai kardinal-diakon, tetapi salah seorang dari mereka, Roberto Tucci, hidup cukup lama untuk melaksanakan hak pilihan dan dipromosikan menjadi pangkat imam kardinal. <> Pada tahun apakah amalan membenarkan orang bukan imam untuk menjadi Kardinal berhenti? || 1917 <> Pada tahun apakah ia menyatakan bahawa Kardinal harus menjadi uskup? || 1962 <> Apa yang mungkin bagi seseorang untuk menjadi bukan imam, tetapi hanya dalam perintah utama? || <> Siapa yang mendaftar hanya dalam perintah orang awam kardinal? || <> Tahun apa Pope John XX menetapkan norma bahawa semua kardinal ditahbiskan sebagai uskup? || <> Apa kanon tidak memerlukan seorang kardinal sekurang-kurangnya dalam susunan keimamatan semasa pelantikannya? || <> Tahun berapakah praktik membenarkan para biarawati berhenti menjadi Kardinal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the practice of allowing non priests to become Cardinals stop?", "id": "56df009f3277331400b4d887", "answers": [{"text": "1917", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was it declared that Cardinals had to be bishops?", "id": "56df009f3277331400b4d888", "answers": [{"text": "1962", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a cardinal", "answer_start": 98}], "question": "What was possible for someone to become who was not a priest, but only in major orders?", "id": "5ad30e3b604f3c001a3fdb11", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lay cardinals", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "Who was enrolled only in the order of cardinal laymen?", "id": "5ad30e3b604f3c001a3fdb12", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1962", "answer_start": 407}], "question": "What year did Pope John XX set the norm that all cardinals be ordained as bishops?", "id": "5ad30e3b604f3c001a3fdb13", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "canon 351", "answer_start": 582}], "question": "What canon does not require that a cardinal be at least in the order of priesthood at his appointment?", "id": "5ad30e3b604f3c001a3fdb14", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1917", "answer_start": 6}], "question": "What year did the practice of allowing nuns to become Cardinals stop?", "id": "5ad30e3b604f3c001a3fdb15", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Until 1917, it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal (see \"lay cardinals\", below), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. In 1917 it was established that all cardinals, even cardinal deacons, had to be priests, and, in 1962, Pope John XXIII set the norm that all cardinals be ordained as bishops, even if they are only priests at the time of appointment. As a consequence of these two changes, canon 351 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law requires that a cardinal be at least in the order of priesthood at his appointment, and that those who are not already bishops must receive episcopal consecration. Several cardinals aged over 80 or close to it when appointed have obtained dispensation from the rule of having to be a bishop. These were all appointed cardinal-deacons, but one of them, Roberto Tucci, lived long enough to exercise the right of option and be promoted to the rank of cardinal-priest."}], ["Pada masa yang berlainan, terdapat kardinal yang hanya menerima pesanan pertama dan kecil tetapi belum lagi ditahbiskan sebagai diakon atau imam. Walaupun ulama, mereka tidak dipanggil \"kardinal lay\" dan dibenarkan untuk berkahwin. Teodolfo Mertel adalah antara kardinal yang terakhir. Apabila dia meninggal dunia pada tahun 1899 ia adalah kardinal yang masih hidup yang terakhir yang tidak sekurang-kurangnya ditahbiskan sebagai imam. Dengan semakan semula Kanun Kanun Kanun yang diisytiharkan pada tahun 1917 oleh Paus Benediktus XV, hanya mereka yang sudah menjadi imam atau uskup boleh dilantik sebagai kardinal. Sejak masa Paus Yohanes XXIII seorang imam yang dilantik sebagai seorang kardinal mesti disucikan seorang uskup, kecuali ia memperoleh pemberantasan. <> Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan \"kardinal berbaring\" yang boleh dilakukan itu tidak dianggap sebagai status Kardinal yang normal? || berkahwin <> Dalam tahun berapakah Paus Benediktus XV merumuskan Kanun Hukum Canon? || 1917 <> Apakah Kod Undang-undang Canon berkaitan dengan Kardinal? || hanya mereka yang sudah menjadi imam atau uskup boleh dilantik sebagai kardinal <> Apa kardinal yang tidak dibenarkan berbuat demikian yang tidak dianggap sebagai status biasa Kardinal? || <> Siapa yang antara kardinal pertama yang pertama? || <> Tahun apa Paus Benediktus X menyemak Kod Hukum Kanonik? || <> Siapa yang tidak boleh dilantik sebagai kardinal mengikut semakan Undang-Undang Hukum Cannon? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was a \"lay cardinal\" allowed to do that is not considered a normal status of a Cardinal?", "id": "56defedf3277331400b4d870", "answers": [{"text": "marry", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Pope Benedict XV revise the Code of Canon Law?", "id": "56defedf3277331400b4d871", "answers": [{"text": "1917", "answer_start": 448}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Code of Canon Law state in regards to Cardinals?", "id": "56defedf3277331400b4d872", "answers": [{"text": "only those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "marry", "answer_start": 230}], "question": "What was a lay cardinal not allowed to do that is not considered a normal status of a Cardinal?", "id": "5ad3102b604f3c001a3fdb23", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Teodolfo Mertel", "answer_start": 237}], "question": "Who was among the first lay cardinal?", "id": "5ad3102b604f3c001a3fdb24", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1917", "answer_start": 448}], "question": "What year did Pope Benedict X revise the Code of Canon Law?", "id": "5ad3102b604f3c001a3fdb25", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "only those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals.", "answer_start": 474}], "question": "Who may not be appointed cardinals according the revision of Code of Cannon Law?", "id": "5ad3102b604f3c001a3fdb26", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "At various times, there have been cardinals who had only received first tonsure and minor orders but not yet been ordained as deacons or priests. Though clerics, they were inaccurately called \"lay cardinals\" and were permitted to marry. Teodolfo Mertel was among the last of the lay cardinals. When he died in 1899 he was the last surviving cardinal who was not at least ordained a priest. With the revision of the Code of Canon Law promulgated in 1917 by Pope Benedict XV, only those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals. Since the time of Pope John XXIII a priest who is appointed a cardinal must be consecrated a bishop, unless he obtains a dispensation."}], ["Apabila berpakaian paduan suara, seorang Kardinal Latin ritus memakai pakaian merah jambu - merah seperti darah melambangkan keinginan kardinal untuk mati kerana kepercayaannya. Tidak termasuk suaranya - yang selalu putih - pakaian berwarna merah termasuk cassock, mozzetta, dan biretta (di atas zumccletto merah tua biasa). Biretta kardinal adalah tersendiri bukan hanya untuk warna kardusnya, tetapi juga untuk fakta bahawa ia tidak mempunyai pompon atau rumbai di bahagian atas seperti birettas dari prelates lain. Sehingga tahun 1460-an, lazimnya para kardinal memakai jubah biru atau biru kecuali memberikan keistimewaan memakai merah apabila bertindak dalam perniagaan paus. Kasut pakaian normalnya hitam tetapi mempunyai paip merah dan fascia merah (sash). Kadang-kadang, seorang kardinal memakai ferraiolo merah yang merupakan cape yang dipakai di atas bahu, diikat pada leher di busur oleh jalur sempit kain di depan, tanpa ada 'trim' atau pipa di atasnya. Ia adalah kerana warna merah kardinal yang disebut oleh burung yang sama dengan nama yang sama. [Rujukan?] <> Apa warna merah melambangkan dalam pakaian yang dipakai oleh Cardinals? || kesediaan untuk mati kerana imannya <> Barang pakaian mana yang dipakai oleh kardinal sentiasa putih? || rochet <> Burung Cardinal dinamakan demikian kerana apa yang berkaitan dengan Kardinal gereja? || warna merah kardinal Kardalals <> Bilakah Kardinal berhenti memakai cape ungu atau biru? || 1460s <> Warna apa yang dipakai oleh paus apabila berpakaian paduan suara? || <> Apakah darah seperti merah tidak melambangkan kardinal? || <> Apa yang lazim untuk kardinal memakai sehingga tahun 1700? || <> Apa yang tidak tersendiri tentang biretta seorang kardinal? || <> Apa warna ferrailo yang dipakai paus kadang-kadang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does the color red symbolize in the clothing worn by Cardinals?", "id": "56defb6dc65bf219000b3e7d", "answers": [{"text": "willingness to die for his faith", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which item of clothing worn by cardinals is always white?", "id": "56defb6dc65bf219000b3e7e", "answers": [{"text": "rochet", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Cardinal bird was named as such because of what in relation to Cardinals of the church?", "id": "56defb6dc65bf219000b3e7f", "answers": [{"text": "the scarlet color of cardinals' vesture", "answer_start": 928}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Cardinals stop wearing purple or blue capes?", "id": "56defb6dc65bf219000b3e80", "answers": [{"text": "1460s", "answer_start": 489}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "red", "answer_start": 83}], "question": "What color is worn by popes when in choir dress?", "id": "5ad31566604f3c001a3fdb43", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "willingness to die for his faith", "answer_start": 111}], "question": "What does the blood like red not symbolize for a cardinal?", "id": "5ad31566604f3c001a3fdb44", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a violet or blue cape", "answer_start": 535}], "question": "What was customary for cardinals to wear until the 1700's?", "id": "5ad31566604f3c001a3fdb45", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "for its scarlet color, but also for the fact that it does not have a pompon or tassel on the top", "answer_start": 344}], "question": "What is not distinctive about the biretta of a cardinal?", "id": "5ad31566604f3c001a3fdb46", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "scarlet", "answer_start": 750}], "question": "What color ferrailo does a pope occasionally wear?", "id": "5ad31566604f3c001a3fdb47", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "When in choir dress, a Latin-rite cardinal wears scarlet garments \u2014 the blood-like red symbolizes a cardinal's willingness to die for his faith. Excluding the rochet \u2014 which is always white \u2014 the scarlet garments include the cassock, mozzetta, and biretta (over the usual scarlet zucchetto). The biretta of a cardinal is distinctive not merely for its scarlet color, but also for the fact that it does not have a pompon or tassel on the top as do the birettas of other prelates. Until the 1460s, it was customary for cardinals to wear a violet or blue cape unless granted the privilege of wearing red when acting on papal business. His normal-wear cassock is black but has scarlet piping and a scarlet fascia (sash). Occasionally, a cardinal wears a scarlet ferraiolo which is a cape worn over the shoulders, tied at the neck in a bow by narrow strips of cloth in the front, without any 'trim' or piping on it. It is because of the scarlet color of cardinals' vesture that the bird of the same name has become known as such.[citation needed]"}], ["Diakon kardinal adalah kardinal terendah peringkat. Kardinal yang ditinggikan kepada perintah diakalan adalah sama ada pegawai-pegawai dari Curia Rom atau imam yang meningkat selepas hari jadi ke-80 mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, uskup dengan tanggungjawab keuskupan dibuat imam kardinal. <> Kad kardinal mana yang paling rendah? || kardinal kardinal <> Apakah tajuk diberikan kepada kardinal ranking tertinggi? || <> Posisi apa yang tidak dipegang oleh diakon kardinal? || <> Apa yang menjadi uskup yang tanpa tanggungjawab keuskupan? || <> Apakah kardinal yang tidak dinaikkan kepada perintah diaconal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which cardinals are ranked lowest?", "id": "56df04ab3277331400b4d8b5", "answers": [{"text": "cardinal deacons", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinal deacons", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What title is given to the highest ranking cardinals?", "id": "5ad3057d604f3c001a3fdad1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lowest-ranking cardinals", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "What position do cardinal deacons not hold?", "id": "5ad3057d604f3c001a3fdad2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinal priests.", "answer_start": 244}], "question": "What do bishops become that are without diocesan responsibilities?", "id": "5ad3057d604f3c001a3fdad3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "either officials of the Roman Curia or priests elevated after their 80th birthday.", "answer_start": 100}], "question": "What are cardinals who are not elevated to the diaconal order?", "id": "5ad3057d604f3c001a3fdad4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The cardinal deacons are the lowest-ranking cardinals. Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are either officials of the Roman Curia or priests elevated after their 80th birthday. Bishops with diocesan responsibilities, however, are created cardinal priests."}], ["Apabila tidak meraikan Misa tetapi masih berfungsi sebagai fungsi liturgi, seperti berkat kepausan Urbi et Orbi, beberapa Paus Papal dan beberapa peristiwa di Majlis Ekumenikal, diakon kardinal dapat diiktiraf oleh dalmatika yang mereka lakukan dengan miter putih sederhana (yang disebut rakan simplex). <> Apa warna topi itu? || putih <> Bagaimanakah diakon Kardinal diiktiraf di Misa? || <> Bagaimanakah diakon Kardinal diiktiraf di Mesyuarat Ekumene? || <> Bagaimanakah diakon Kardinal diiktiraf pada berkat-berkat kepausan Urbi et Orbi suku tahunan? || <> Apa yang dilakukan para biarawati sebagai tambahan kepada miter putih sederhana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What color is the hat?", "id": "56df0244c65bf219000b3ecc", "answers": [{"text": "white", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre", "answer_start": 212}], "question": "How are Cardinal deacons recognized at Masses?", "id": "5ad30ab4604f3c001a3fdaf7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre", "answer_start": 212}], "question": "How are Cardinal deacons recognized at Ecumenical Meetings?", "id": "5ad30ab4604f3c001a3fdaf8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre", "answer_start": 212}], "question": "How are Cardinal deacons recognized at quarterly Urbi et Orbi papal blessings?", "id": "5ad30ab4604f3c001a3fdaf9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dalmatics", "answer_start": 219}], "question": "What do nuns wear in addition to the simple white mitre?", "id": "5ad30ab4604f3c001a3fdafa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "When not celebrating Mass but still serving a liturgical function, such as the semiannual Urbi et Orbi papal blessing, some Papal Masses and some events at Ecumenical Councils, cardinal deacons can be recognized by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre (so called mitra simplex)."}], ["Dekan Kolej Kardinal, atau Kardinal-dean, adalah antara pasangan utama Kolej Kardinal, dipilih oleh uskup kardinal yang memegang suburbicarian melihat dari kalangan mereka sendiri, pilihan raya, bagaimanapun, yang harus diluluskan oleh Paus . Dahulu kedudukan dekan adalah hak untuk melayani lama uskup kardinal. <> Di Kolej Kardinal, Dekan yang dipilih memerlukan kelulusan siapa? || Paus <> Siapa yang tidak memerlukan kelulusan Paus? || <> Apakah Dekan Kolej Kemanusiaan juga dikenali sebagai? || <> Siapa yang tidak bertindak sebagai antara pasangan utama Kolej Kardinal? || <> Siapa yang meluluskan pelantikan Kardinal-dean oleh Paus? || <> Kedudukan apa yang dipunyai oleh hak untuk melayani paling pendek dari uskup kardinal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In the College of Cardinals, the elected Dean needs the approval of who?", "id": "56df0c1a3277331400b4d91b", "answers": [{"text": "the Pope", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who does not need the approval of the Pope?", "id": "5ad2fda5604f3c001a3fda8f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cardinal-dean", "answer_start": 41}], "question": "What is the Dean of the College of Humanities also known as?", "id": "5ad2fda5604f3c001a3fda90", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Who does not act as the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals?", "id": "5ad2fda5604f3c001a3fda91", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope.", "answer_start": 111}], "question": "Who approves the appointment of the Cardinal-dean by the Pope? ", "id": "5ad2fda5604f3c001a3fda92", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dean", "answer_start": 281}], "question": "What position belonged by right to the shortest-serving of the cardinal bishops?", "id": "5ad2fda5604f3c001a3fda93", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean, is the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals, elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope. Formerly the position of dean belonged by right to the longest-serving of the cardinal bishops."}], ["Kardinal yang merupakan anggota lama yang memerintah perintah imam kardinal berjudul protopriest kardinal. Dia mempunyai tugas upacara tertentu dalam konklaf yang telah berhenti secara berkesan kerana dia pada umumnya telah mencapai umur 80 tahun, di mana kardinal dihalang dari konklaf. Protopriest kardinal semasa ialah Paulo Evaristo Arns dari Brazil. <> Siapa yang boleh menjadi protopriest kardinal? || Kardinal yang merupakan ahli yang paling lama berkhidmat dalam perintah imam kardinal <> Siapa yang merupakan protopriest kardinal pada masa ini? || Paulo Evaristo Arns of Brazil <> Apakah gelaran yang diberikan kepada ahli terbaru dari perintah imam kardinal? || <> Kedudukan apakah yang dilakukan oleh Paulo Evaristo Arns of Columbia? || <> Siapa tugas upacara dalam konklaf terus selepas usia 80 tahun? || <> Siapa yang diterima masuk ke dalam konklaf selepas berusia 80 tahun? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who can become the cardinal protopriest?", "id": "56df05323277331400b4d8c1", "answers": [{"text": "The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the cardinal protopriest at this time?", "id": "56df05323277331400b4d8c2", "answers": [{"text": "Paulo Evaristo Arns of Brazil", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinal protopriest", "answer_start": 90}], "question": "What title is given to the newest member of the order of cardinal priests?", "id": "5ad3047d604f3c001a3fdac9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinal protopriest", "answer_start": 307}], "question": "What position does Paulo Evaristo Arns of Columbia currently hold?", "id": "5ad3047d604f3c001a3fdaca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinal protopriest", "answer_start": 90}], "question": "Whose ceremonial duties in the conclave continued after the age of 80?", "id": "5ad3047d604f3c001a3fdacb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinal protopriest", "answer_start": 90}], "question": "Who was accepted into the conclave after the age of 80?", "id": "5ad3047d604f3c001a3fdacc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests is titled cardinal protopriest. He had certain ceremonial duties in the conclave that have effectively ceased because he would generally have already reached age 80, at which cardinals are barred from the conclave. The current cardinal protopriest is Paulo Evaristo Arns of Brazil."}], ["Kardinal deacon berasal dari tujuh orang diakon dalam Rumah Tangga Kepausan dan tujuh diakon yang menyelia kerja-kerja Gereja di daerah-daerah Rom pada awal Abad Pertengahan, ketika pentadbiran gereja secara efektif adalah pemerintah Rom dan menyediakan semua layanan sosial. Kardinal diakoni diberi hak kepada salah satu diakon ini. <> Apakah nama salah seorang deaconries di mana Cardinals berasal? || tujuh diakon dalam Rumah Bapa Kepausan <> Di mana Deacon Cardinal tidak asalnya berasal dari? || <> Siapakah yang berasal dari enam diakon dalam Rumah Kepausan? || <> Siapa yang tidak mengawasi kerja-kerja Gereja di daerah-daerah Rom? || <> Siapa yang tidak menyediakan semua perkhidmatan sosial di Rom pada awal Abad Pertengahan? || <> Siapa yang tidak diberi hak kepada salah satu daripada tujuh diakon ini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of one of the deaconries in which Cardinals come from?", "id": "56df04563277331400b4d8b1", "answers": [{"text": "seven deacons in the Papal Household", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "Where do Cardinal deacons not originally derive from?", "id": "5ad30688604f3c001a3fdad9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cardinal deacons", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who is originally from the six deacons in the Papal Household?", "id": "5ad30688604f3c001a3fdada", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the seven deacons", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "Who does not supervise the Church's works in the districts of Rome?", "id": "5ad30688604f3c001a3fdadb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "church administration", "answer_start": 197}], "question": "Who did not provide all social services in Rome during the early Middle Ages?", "id": "5ad30688604f3c001a3fdadc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cardinal deacons", "answer_start": 292}], "question": "Who is not given title to one of these seven deacons?", "id": "5ad30688604f3c001a3fdadd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given title to one of these deaconries."}], ["Imam Kardinal adalah yang paling banyak dari tiga perintah kardinal di Gereja Katolik, kedudukan di atas diakon kardinal dan di bawah uskup kardinal. Mereka yang dinamakan imam kardinal hari ini umumnya uskup keuskupan penting di seluruh dunia, walaupun ada yang memegang posisi Curial. <> Siapa kardinal peringkat terendah dalam gereja Katolik? || kardinal kardinal <> Siapa kardinal ranking tertinggi di Gereja Katolik? || uskup kardinal <> Pangkat mana yang mempunyai kardinal paling? || Imam Kardinal <> Siapa imam tertinggi di gereja Katolik? || <> Siapa yang paling banyak daripada empat perintah kardinal di Gereja Katolik? || <> Siapakah pendeta paling rendah dalam Gereja Katolik? || <> Apa yang dipanggil papa kardinal hari ini pada umumnya uskup? || <> Kedudukan apa yang sedang dipegang oleh beberapa paus? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who are the lowest ranking cardinals in the Catholic church?", "id": "56df0d11c65bf219000b3f0a", "answers": [{"text": "cardinal deacons", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who are the highest ranking cardinals in the Catholic Church?", "id": "56df0d11c65bf219000b3f0b", "answers": [{"text": "cardinal bishops", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which rank has the most cardinals?", "id": "56df0d11c65bf219000b3f0c", "answers": [{"text": "Cardinal priests", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinal bishops", "answer_start": 145}], "question": "Who are the highest ranking priests in the Catholic church?", "id": "5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cardinal priests", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who are the most numerous of the four orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church?", "id": "5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinal deacons", "answer_start": 114}], "question": "Who is the lowest ranking priest in the Catholic Church?", "id": "5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "important dioceses throughout the world,", "answer_start": 231}], "question": "What are those named cardinal popes today generally bishops of?", "id": "5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Curial positions.", "answer_start": 289}], "question": "What position do some popes currently hold?", "id": "5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. Those who are named cardinal priests today are generally bishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions."}], ["Pada tahun 1965, Pope Paul VI memutuskan dalam motu Proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum bahawa pewaris gereja-gereja Katolik Timur yang bernama kardinal (iaitu, kardinal patriarch) juga akan menjadi sebahagian daripada perintah episkopal, kedudukan selepas enam uskup kardinal dari suburbicarian melihat (yang telah dibebaskan dari tanggungjawab langsung kepada orang-orang yang dilihat oleh Paus Yohanes XXIII tiga tahun sebelumnya). Kardinal Patriarch tidak menerima gelaran suburbicarian lihat, dan oleh itu mereka tidak boleh memilih dekan atau menjadi dekan. Pada masa ini terdapat tiga orang Patriark Timur yang uskup kardinal: <> Patriark kardinal tidak diberi gelaran apa? || a suburbicarian lihat <> Apa yang diperintahkan Paus Paulus VI pada tahun 1965 mengenai bapa-bapa bapa Gereja-gereja Katolik Barat? || <> Siapa yang disenaraikan selepas tujuh uskup kardinal dari suburbicarian melihat? || <> Gelaran apa yang diterima oleh kardinal patriark? || <> Berapa ramai penganut Barat yang kini menjadi uskup kardinal? || <> Siapa yang boleh memilih dekan atau menjadi dekan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Patriarch cardinals are not given what title?", "id": "56df0c8fc65bf219000b3f04", "answers": [{"text": "a suburbicarian see", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "be part of the episcopal order", "answer_start": 186}], "question": "What did Pope Paul VI decree in 1965 about the patriarchs of the Western Catholic Churches?", "id": "5ad2ff52604f3c001a3fda99", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "Who ranked after the seven cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees? ", "id": "5ad2ff52604f3c001a3fda9a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "title of a suburbicarian see", "answer_start": 424}], "question": "What title did patriarch cardinals receive?", "id": "5ad2ff52604f3c001a3fda9b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 529}], "question": "How many Western Patriarchs are currently cardinal bishops?", "id": "5ad2ff52604f3c001a3fda9c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Patriarch cardinals", "answer_start": 389}], "question": "Who can elect the dean or become dean?", "id": "5ad2ff52604f3c001a3fda9d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals (i.e., patriarch cardinals) would also be part of the episcopal order, ranking after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees (who had been relieved of direct responsibilities for those sees by Pope John XXIII three years earlier). Patriarch cardinals do not receive title of a suburbicarian see, and as such they cannot elect the dean or become dean. There are currently three Eastern Patriarchs who are cardinal bishops:"}], ["Setakat 2005, terdapat lebih daripada 50 gereja yang diiktiraf sebagai deaconial kardinal, walaupun terdapat hanya 30 kardinal pesanan diakon. Diakon Kardinal telah lama menikmati hak untuk \"memilih perintah imam kardinal\" (optazione) selepas mereka menjadi diakon kardinal selama 10 tahun. Mereka mungkin pada ketinggian itu mengambil \"gelaran\" yang kosong (sebuah gereja yang diperuntukkan kepada imam kardinal sebagai gereja di Rom yang mana dia dikaitkan) atau gereja diakoni mereka boleh ditinggikan sementara untuk \"gelaran\" imam kardinal untuk majlis itu. Apabila ditinggikan kepada imam kardinal, mereka mengambil keutamaan mereka mengikut hari yang pertama kali dibuat diakon kardinal (dengan itu kedudukan di atas imam kardinal yang dinaikkan ke kolej selepas mereka, tanpa menghiraukan perintah). <> Berapa banyak diakon kardinal yang ada pada tahun 2005? || 30 <> Berapa tahun sebelum seorang diakon kardinal boleh memilih perintah imam kardinal? || 10 tahun <> Berapa banyak gereja diakui sebagai deaconries kardinalat pada tahun 2000? || <> Berapa banyak kardinal yang ada di dalam urutan paus? || <> Apa yang ada di Cardinal deacon tidak mempunyai hak untuk melakukannya? || <> Siapa yang tidak boleh mengambil gelaran kosong? || <> Siapa yang boleh memilih perintah imam kardinal selepas mereka menjadi diakon selama 30 tahun? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many cardinal deacons were there in 2005?", "id": "56df02b23277331400b4d8a7", "answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many years before a cardinal deacon can choose the order of the cardinal priests?", "id": "56df02b23277331400b4d8a8", "answers": [{"text": "10 years", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "50", "answer_start": 28}], "question": "How many churches are recognized as cardinalatial deaconries in 2000?", "id": "5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 103}], "question": "How many cardinals were there in the order of popes?", "id": "5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "opt for the order of cardinal priests", "answer_start": 190}], "question": "What have Cardinal deacons not had the right to do?", "id": "5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cardinal deacons", "answer_start": 141}], "question": "Who may not take a vacant title?", "id": "5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaf0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cardinal deacons", "answer_start": 141}], "question": "Who may opt for the order of cardinal priests after they have been deacons for 30 years?", "id": "5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaf1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to \"opt for the order of cardinal priests\" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation take a vacant \"title\" (a church allotted to a cardinal priest as the church in Rome with which he is associated) or their diaconal church may be temporarily elevated to a cardinal priest's \"title\" for that occasion. When elevated to cardinal priests, they take their precedence according to the day they were first made cardinal deacons (thus ranking above cardinal priests who were elevated to the college after them, regardless of order)."}], ["Kardinal yang ditinggikan kepada perintah diakalan adalah terutamanya pegawai-pegawai Roman Curia yang memegang pelbagai jawatan dalam pentadbiran gereja. Jumlah dan pengaruh mereka telah berubah sepanjang tahun. Walaupun secara tradisinya bahasa Itali kumpulan itu telah menjadi lebih banyak di peringkat antarabangsa pada tahun-tahun kemudian. Sedangkan pada tahun 1939 kira-kira setengahnya adalah Itali menjelang tahun 1994 jumlahnya dikurangkan menjadi sepertiga. Pengaruh mereka dalam pemilihan Paus telah dianggap penting, mereka lebih banyak dimaklumkan dan dihubungkan daripada kardinal yang terelakkan tetapi tahap perpaduan mereka telah berubah. Di bawah perintah 1587 Paus Sixtus V, yang menetapkan saiz maksimum Kolej Kardinal, terdapat 14 diakon kardinal. Kemudian angka itu meningkat. Sehingga 1939 hampir separuh daripada kardinal adalah ahli kuria. Pius XII mengurangkan peratusan ini kepada 24 peratus. John XXIII membawanya kembali kepada 37 peratus tetapi Paul VI membawanya ke 27 peratus di mana John Paul II mengekalkan nisbah ini. <> Pada tahun 1939, berapa ramai Kardinal yang berbahasa Itali? || kira-kira separuh <> Pada tahun 1994, berapa ramai Kardinal yang berbahasa Itali? || ketiga <> Di manakah imam yang ditinggikan kepada perintah diakalan terutama pegawai? || <> Berapa banyak Kardinal yang Perancis pada tahun 1939? || <> Berapa banyak Kardinal yang Perancis pada tahun 1994? || <> Berapa banyak kardinal adalah ahli kuria pada tahun 1929? || <> Tahun apa Pope Sixtus saya menetapkan saiz maksimum Kolej Kardinal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In 1939, how many Cardinals were Italian?", "id": "56df03d9c65bf219000b3ecf", "answers": [{"text": "about half", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1994, how many Cardinals were Italian?", "id": "56df03d9c65bf219000b3ed0", "answers": [{"text": "third", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Roman Curia", "answer_start": 65}], "question": "Where are priests that are elevated to the diaconal order mainly officials of?", "id": "5ad307c0604f3c001a3fdae3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "about half", "answer_start": 316}], "question": "How many Cardinals were French in 1939?", "id": "5ad307c0604f3c001a3fdae4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "one third", "answer_start": 374}], "question": "How many Cardinals were French in 1994?", "id": "5ad307c0604f3c001a3fdae5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "almost half", "answer_start": 745}], "question": "How many cardinals were members of the curia in 1929?", "id": "5ad307c0604f3c001a3fdae6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1587", "answer_start": 581}], "question": "What year did Pope Sixtus I fix the maximum size of the College of Cardinals?", "id": "5ad307c0604f3c001a3fdae7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 about half were Italian by 1994 the number was reduced to one third. Their influence in the election of the Pope has been considered important, they are better informed and connected than the dislocated cardinals but their level of unity has been varied. Under the 1587 decree of Pope Sixtus V, which fixed the maximum size of the College of Cardinals, there were 14 cardinal deacons. Later the number increased. As late as 1939 almost half of the cardinals were members of the curia. Pius XII reduced this percentage to 24 percent. John XXIII brought it back up to 37 percent but Paul VI brought it down to 27 percent where John Paul II has maintained this ratio."}], ["Protonacon kardinal, deacon kardinal kanan dalam rangka pelantikan ke College of Cardinals, mempunyai keistimewaan mengumumkan pemilihan dan nama paus baru (setelah dia telah ditahbiskan ke Episcopate) dari balkoni tengah di Basilika Saint Peter di Negeri Vatican. Pada masa lalu, semasa coronations papal, proto-deacon juga mempunyai kehormatan untuk memberikan pallium pada paus baru dan memanjakannya dengan tiara papal. Walau bagaimanapun, pada tahun 1978, Paus John Paul I memilih untuk tidak dimahkotai dan memilih majlis perasmian papal yang lebih mudah, dan tiga pengganti mengikuti contoh itu. Akibatnya, keistimewaan Kardinal protodeacon memungut paus baru telah terhenti secara berkesan walaupun ia dapat dihidupkan kembali jika Paus masa depan memulihkan upacara penyerahan. Walau bagaimanapun, proto-deacon masih mempunyai keistimewaan untuk memberikan pallium pada paus baru pada perasmian kepausannya. \"Bertindak di tempat Paus Rom, dia juga memberikan pallium kepada uskup metropolitan atau memberi pallium kepada proksi mereka.\" Proto-deacon kardinal semasa ialah Renato Raffaele Martino. <> Siapa yang mengumumkan pemilihan seorang paus baru? || The cardinal protodeacon <> Di mana orang ini mengumumkan pemilihan paus baru? || dari balkoni tengah di Basilika Saint Peter di Negara Kota Vatican <> Siapa pope pertama yang memilih untuk tidak dinobatkan? || Paus John Paul I <> Siapa yang tidak mempunyai keistimewaan mengumumkan pemilihan paus baru? || <> Apakah deacon kardinal junior dalam rangka pelantikan ke College of Cardinals juga dikenali sebagai? || <> Siapa yang mengumumkan Paus Pope John Paul saya pada tahun 1976? || <> Apa keistimewaan Kardinal protodeacon diteruskan selepas pemilihan Paus John Paul I? || <> Apakah posisi yang ada pada Renato Raffaele Martinez? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who announces the election of a new pope?", "id": "56df0174c65bf219000b3ec5", "answers": [{"text": "The cardinal protodeacon", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does this person announce the election of the new pope?", "id": "56df0174c65bf219000b3ec6", "answers": [{"text": "from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first pope who chose not to be crowned?", "id": "56df0174c65bf219000b3ec7", "answers": [{"text": "Pope John Paul I", "answer_start": 466}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinal protodeacon", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Who does not have the privilege of announcing a new pope's election?", "id": "5ad30c5b604f3c001a3fdaff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinal protodeacon", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What is the junior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals also known as?", "id": "5ad30c5b604f3c001a3fdb00", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "chose not to be crowned", "answer_start": 483}], "question": "Who announced Pope John Paul I coronation in 1976?", "id": "5ad30c5b604f3c001a3fdb01", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "of crowning a new pope", "answer_start": 658}], "question": "What Cardinal protodeacon's privilege was continued after the election of Pope John Paul I?", "id": "5ad30c5b604f3c001a3fdb02", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinal proto-deacon", "answer_start": 1054}], "question": "What position does Renato Raffaele Martinez currently hold?", "id": "5ad30c5b604f3c001a3fdb03", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal coronations, the proto-deacon also had the honor of bestowing the pallium on the new pope and crowning him with the papal tiara. However, in 1978 Pope John Paul I chose not to be crowned and opted for a simpler papal inauguration ceremony, and his three successors followed that example. As a result, the Cardinal protodeacon's privilege of crowning a new pope has effectively ceased although it could be revived if a future Pope were to restore a coronation ceremony. However, the proto-deacon still has the privilege of bestowing the pallium on a new pope at his papal inauguration. \u201cActing in the place of the Roman Pontiff, he also confers the pallium upon metropolitan bishops or gives the pallium to their proxies.\u201d The current cardinal proto-deacon is Renato Raffaele Martino."}], ["Kardinal bernama dalam pektore hanya diketahui oleh paus; bahkan yang bernama kardinal itu sememangnya sedar tentang ketinggiannya, dan dalam apa jua keadaan tidak dapat berfungsi sebagai kardinal sementara pelantikannya dalam pektore. Hari ini, kardinal dinamakan di pectore untuk melindungi mereka atau jemaah mereka daripada tindakan balas jika identiti mereka diketahui. <> Yang kardinal yang dikenali oleh semua Gereja Katolik? || <> Apa yang dikenali kardinal bernama pectore? || <> Apa yang boleh kardinal dalam pektore terus berfungsi? || <> Apa yang dilakukan kepada kardinal yang tidak melindungi mereka atau jemaah mereka? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in pectore", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "Which cardinal is known by all the Catholic Church?", "id": "5ad312ca604f3c001a3fdb33", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "not even the cardinal so named is necessarily aware of his elevation,", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "What does the cardinal named pectore know?", "id": "5ad312ca604f3c001a3fdb34", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cannot function as a cardinal", "answer_start": 142}], "question": "What can a cardinal in pectore continue to function as?", "id": "5ad312ca604f3c001a3fdb35", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "named in pectore", "answer_start": 230}], "question": "What is done to cardinals that does not protect them or their congregations?", "id": "5ad312ca604f3c001a3fdb36", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A cardinal named in pectore is known only to the pope; not even the cardinal so named is necessarily aware of his elevation, and in any event cannot function as a cardinal while his appointment is in pectore. Today, cardinals are named in pectore to protect them or their congregations from reprisals if their identities were known."}], ["Untuk tempoh yang berakhir pada pertengahan abad ke-20, para imam kardinal yang lama berkhidmat untuk mengisi kekosongan yang timbul di kalangan uskup kardinal, sama seperti diakon kardinal selama sepuluh tahun masih berhak menjadi imam kardinal. Sejak itu, kardinal telah maju ke uskup kardinal secara eksklusif oleh pelantikan kepausan. <> Apakah imam-imam kardinal yang berhak untuk menamatkan abad pertengahan kelima belas? || <> Apakah diakon kardinal selama lapan tahun masih berhak menjadi? || <> Siapa yang belum maju ke uskup kardinal secara eksklusif oleh pelantikan kepausan? || <> Bagaimana kardinal telah maju ke imam kardinal? || <> Siapa yang mengisi kekosongan yang timbul di kalangan imam kardinal? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fill vacancies that arose among the cardinal bishops", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "What were long-serving cardinal priests entitled to do ending in the mid-fifteenth century?", "id": "5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda85", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinal priests", "answer_start": 223}], "question": "What are cardinal deacons of eight years standing still entitled to become?", "id": "5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda86", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinals", "answer_start": 253}], "question": "Who has not been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papal appointment?", "id": "5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda87", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "exclusively by papal appointment", "answer_start": 301}], "question": "How have cardinals been advance to cardinal priests?", "id": "5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda88", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "long-serving cardinal priests", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "Who filled vacancies that arose among the cardinal priests?", "id": "5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda89", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "For a period ending in the mid-20th century, long-serving cardinal priests were entitled to fill vacancies that arose among the cardinal bishops, just as cardinal deacons of ten years' standing are still entitled to become cardinal priests. Since then, cardinals have been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papal appointment."}], ["Walaupun cardinalate telah lama berkembang di luar golongan pastoral Rom dan Roman Curia, setiap imam kardinal mempunyai gereja titular di Rom, walaupun mereka mungkin uskup atau archbishops di tempat lain, sama seperti uskup kardinal diberikan salah satu keuskupan suburbikarian di sekitar Rom. Paus Paulus VI menghapuskan semua kardinal hak pentadbiran berhubung dengan gereja-gereja titular mereka, walaupun nama kardinal dan kot senjata masih diposting di gereja, dan mereka dijangka merayakan massa dan berkhotbah di sana jika mudah ketika mereka berada di Rom. <> Setiap imam kardinal mempunyai apa? || sebuah gereja titular di Roma <> Apa yang tidak ada imam kardinal? || <> Apa yang tidak diperluaskan di luar golongan pastoral Rom dan Roman Curia? || <> Apakah Paus Paulus V dihapuskan? || <> Apa yang belum disiarkan di gereja selepas Paus Paulus VI menghapuskan semua hak pentadbiran? || <> Apa yang kardinal tidak dijangka lakukan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Each cardinal priest has what?", "id": "56df0de63277331400b4d921", "answers": [{"text": "a titular church in Rome", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a titular church in Rome", "answer_start": 121}], "question": "What does every cardinal priest not have?", "id": "5ad30248604f3c001a3fdab7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the cardinalate", "answer_start": 6}], "question": "What has not been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia?", "id": "5ad30248604f3c001a3fdab8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "all administrative rights cardinals had with regard to their titular churches", "answer_start": 305}], "question": "What did Pope Paul V abolish?", "id": "5ad30248604f3c001a3fdab9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the cardinal's name and coat of arms", "answer_start": 391}], "question": "What is not still posted in the church after Pope Paul VI abolished all administrative rights?", "id": "5ad30248604f3c001a3fdaba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "celebrate mass and preach there if convenient when they are in Rome.", "answer_start": 485}], "question": "What are cardinals not expected to do?", "id": "5ad30248604f3c001a3fdabb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "While the cardinalate has long been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia, every cardinal priest has a titular church in Rome, though they may be bishops or archbishops elsewhere, just as cardinal bishops are given one of the suburbicarian dioceses around Rome. Pope Paul VI abolished all administrative rights cardinals had with regard to their titular churches, though the cardinal's name and coat of arms are still posted in the church, and they are expected to celebrate mass and preach there if convenient when they are in Rome."}], ["Pada zaman moden, nama \"imam kardinal\" ditafsirkan sebagai bermaksud kardinal yang merupakan susunan imam. Bagaimanapun, pada asalnya, ini merujuk kepada imam-imam penting tertentu dari gereja-gereja penting di Keuskupan Roma, yang diiktiraf sebagai imam kardinal, imam-imam penting yang dipilih oleh paus untuk menasihatinya dalam tugasnya sebagai Uskup Roma (arti Latin berarti \" engsel \"). Sesetengah ulama dalam banyak keuskupan pada masa itu, bukan hanya Rom, dikatakan sebagai kakitangan utama - istilah ini secara beransur-ansur menjadi eksklusif kepada Rom untuk menunjukkan mereka yang diamanahkan dengan memilih uskup Rom, pope. <> Apakah definisi asal seorang imam kardinal? || imam yang dipilih oleh Paus <> Nama apa yang ditafsirkan sebagai bermaksud kardinal yang merupakan susunan paus? || <> Apa nama \"papa kardinal\" pada asalnya merujuk kepada? || <> Apakah nama para biarawati penting yang dipilih oleh paus untuk memberi nasihat kepadanya? || <> Siapa yang memegang gelaran Kardinal Rom? || <> Apa istilah tidak beransur-ansur menjadi eksklusif ke Rom untuk menunjukkan mereka yang diamanahkan dengan memilih paus? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the original definition of a cardinal priest?", "id": "56df0d723277331400b4d91d", "answers": [{"text": "priests chosen by the pope", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinal priest", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "What name was interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of popes?", "id": "5ad30171604f3c001a3fdaad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome", "answer_start": 151}], "question": "What does the name \"cardinal popes\" originally refer to?", "id": "5ad30171604f3c001a3fdaae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinal priest", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "What is the name of the important nuns that are chosen by the pope to advice him?", "id": "5ad30171604f3c001a3fdaaf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the pope", "answer_start": 294}], "question": "Who holds the title Cardinal of Rome?", "id": "5ad30171604f3c001a3fdab0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinal priest", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "What term did not gradually become exclusive to Rome to indicate those entrusted with electing the pope?", "id": "5ad30171604f3c001a3fdab1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In modern times, the name \"cardinal priest\" is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, this referred to certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome, who were recognized as the cardinal priests, the important priests chosen by the pope to advise him in his duties as Bishop of Rome (the Latin cardo means \"hinge\"). Certain clerics in many dioceses at the time, not just that of Rome, were said to be the key personnel \u2014 the term gradually became exclusive to Rome to indicate those entrusted with electing the bishop of Rome, the pope."}], ["Walaupun bilangan kardinal adalah kecil dari zaman Empayar Rom hingga Renaissance, dan sering kali lebih kecil daripada bilangan gereja yang diiktiraf yang berhak kepada imam kardinal, pada abad ke-16 Kolej berkembang dengan ketara. Pada tahun 1587, Pope Sixtus V berusaha untuk menangkap pertumbuhan ini dengan menetapkan saiz maksimum Kolej pada 70, termasuk 50 imam kardinal, kira-kira dua kali jumlah sejarah. Had ini dihormati sehingga tahun 1958, dan senarai gereja-gereja titular diubah suai pada masa-masa yang jarang berlaku, secara amnya apabila sebuah bangunan runtuh. Apabila Paus Yohanes XXIII memansuhkan had itu, dia mula menambah gereja-gereja baru ke senarai, yang diteruskan oleh Paus Paulus VI dan John Paul II. Hari ini terdapat hampir 150 gereja titular, daripada lebih 300 jemaat di Rom. <> Dalam tahun apakah Pope Sixtus V menaruh cap pada bilangan kardinal di Kolej Cardinals? || 1587 <> Berapakah nombor maksimum yang dibenarkan oleh Paus Sixtus V? || 70 <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan topi pada kardinal di College of the Cardinals? || Paus Yohanes XXIII <> Siapa yang mempunyai bilangan besar dari zaman Empayar Rom ke Renaissance? || <> Apa yang berlaku kepada Kolej Kardinal pada abad ke-3? || <> Siapa yang cuba menampung bilangan Kolej di 50? || <> Siapa yang mengekalkan topi pada kardinal di Kolej Kardinal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Pope Sixtus V put a cap on the number of cardinals in the College of Cardinals?", "id": "56df0e673277331400b4d925", "answers": [{"text": "1587", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the maximum number allowed per Pope Sixtus V?", "id": "56df0e673277331400b4d926", "answers": [{"text": "70", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who removed the cap on cardinals in the College of the Cardinals?", "id": "56df0e673277331400b4d927", "answers": [{"text": "Pope John XXIII", "answer_start": 561}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cardinals", "answer_start": 20}], "question": "Who had a large number from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance?", "id": "5ad303da604f3c001a3fdac1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "expanded markedly", "answer_start": 220}], "question": "What happened to the College of the Cardinals in the 3rd century?", "id": "5ad303da604f3c001a3fdac2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pope Sixtus V", "answer_start": 248}], "question": "Who sought to cap the number of the College at 50?", "id": "5ad303da604f3c001a3fdac3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pope John XXIII", "answer_start": 561}], "question": "Who upheld the cap on cardinals in the College of the Cardinals?", "id": "5ad303da604f3c001a3fdac4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "While the number of cardinals was small from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and frequently smaller than the number of recognized churches entitled to a cardinal priest, in the 16th century the College expanded markedly. In 1587, Pope Sixtus V sought to arrest this growth by fixing the maximum size of the College at 70, including 50 cardinal priests, about twice the historical number. This limit was respected until 1958, and the list of titular churches modified only on rare occasions, generally when a building fell into disrepair. When Pope John XXIII abolished the limit, he began to add new churches to the list, which Popes Paul VI and John Paul II continued to do. Today there are close to 150 titular churches, out of over 300 churches in Rome."}]], [["Istilah Iran diterapkan pada mana-mana bahasa yang berasal dari bahasa leluhur Proto-Iran. Iran berasal dari kata asal Arya dan Sanskrit Arya. <> Bahasa Iran semua dikatakan berasal dari mana pendahulu? || Proto-Iran <> Dari bahasa apakah perkataan Aryao datang? || Bahasa Parsi dan Sanskrit <> Apa bahasa mana pun yang berasal dari leluhur Parsi? || <> Kata apa yang berasal dari bahasa Sanskrit dan Arya? || <> Arya berasal dari bahasa leluhur? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Iranian languages are all said to be derived from which predecessor?", "id": "56ddef1266d3e219004dae2b", "answers": [{"text": "Proto-Iranian", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what languages does the word Aryao come?", "id": "56ddef1266d3e219004dae2c", "answers": [{"text": "Persian and Sanskrit", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Iranian", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "What is any language that descends from ancestral Persian?", "id": "5a18c4619aa02b0018605eb8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Iranian", "answer_start": 102}], "question": "What word is derived from Sanskrit and Arya?", "id": "5a18c4619aa02b0018605eb9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Proto-Iranian language", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "Arya is derived from what ancestral language?", "id": "5a18c4619aa02b0018605eba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The term Iranian is applied to any language which descends from the ancestral Proto-Iranian language. Iranian derives from the Persian and Sanskrit origin word Arya."}], ["Pada tahun 2008, terdapat kira-kira 150-200 juta penutur asli bahasa Iran. Perkiraan Ethnologue terdapat 86 bahasa Iran, yang terbesar di antaranya ialah Persia, Pashto, Kurdish, dan Balochi. <> Berapa banyak bahasa Iran yang berbeza wujud? || 86 <> Pada tahun berapa terdapat seratus 50 hingga 200 bahasa Iran || <> Apa antara yang terbesar di antara 200 bahasa Iran? || <> Apa yang mereka 86 juta pada tahun 2008 ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many different Iranian languages exist?", "id": "56ddeed19a695914005b96dd", "answers": [{"text": "86", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 6}], "question": "In what year were there hundred and 50 to 200 Iranian languages", "id": "5a18c3b79aa02b0018605eb2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, and Balochi", "answer_start": 174}], "question": "What are some of the largest among the 200 Iranian languages?", "id": "5a18c3b79aa02b0018605eb3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "native speakers of Iranian languages", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "What were their 86 million of in 2008", "id": "5a18c3b79aa02b0018605eb4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "As of 2008, there were an estimated 150\u2013200 million native speakers of Iranian languages. Ethnologue estimates there are 86 Iranian languages, the largest amongst them being Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, and Balochi."}], ["Proto-Iran sehingga beberapa waktu selepas pemecahan Proto-Indo-Iran, atau awal milenium kedua BCE, ketika bahasa-bahasa Iran Lama mulai memecah dan berkembang secara berasingan kerana pelbagai suku kaum Iran telah bermigrasi dan menetap di kawasan-kawasan yang luas di tenggara Eropah, dataran tinggi Iran, dan Asia Tengah. <> Di mana orang-orang Iran awal menubuhkan masyarakat? || Eropah tenggara, dataran tinggi Iran, dan Asia Tengah <> Bahasa apa yang berlaku selepas pecahnya Proto-Iran? || <> Bahasa apa yang berlaku selepas milenium kedua BCE? || <> Bilakah bahasa Iran pertengahan mula pecah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did early Iranian people establish societies?", "id": "56ddf33166d3e219004dae56", "answers": [{"text": "southeastern Europe, the Iranian plateau, and Central Asia", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "What language came sometime after the breakup of Proto-Iranian?", "id": "5a18d1639aa02b0018605ed2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "What language broke up after the second millennium BCE?", "id": "5a18d1639aa02b0018605ed3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "as the various Iranian tribes migrated and settled in vast areas of southeastern Europe", "answer_start": 179}], "question": "When did the middle Iranian language begin to break off?", "id": "5a18d1639aa02b0018605ed4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Proto-Iranian thus dates to some time after Proto-Indo-Iranian break-up, or the early second millennium BCE, as the Old Iranian languages began to break off and evolve separately as the various Iranian tribes migrated and settled in vast areas of southeastern Europe, the Iranian plateau, and Central Asia."}], ["Ia terletak tepat di bahagian barat Asia Tengah yang bersempadan dengan hari ini Rusia (dan saat ini Kazakhstan). Ia berdekatan dengan kumpulan ethno-linguistik satem lain dari keluarga Indo-Eropah, seperti Thracian, Balto-Slavic dan lain-lain, dan ke tanah asal asal Indo-Eropah (lebih tepatnya, padang rumput selatan Rusia di utara Caucasus), menurut hubungan linguistik semula Indo-Eropah yang sama. <> Apakah keluarga bahasa apakah yang dimiliki oleh Thracian dan Balto-Slavic? || Indo-European <> Apakah kumpulan Indo-Eropah tergolong dalam keluarga bahasa Satem? || <> Keluarga keluarga apa yang berasal dari pergunungan Rusia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What language family did Thracian and Balto-Slavic belong to?", "id": "56ddf11b66d3e219004dae3c", "answers": [{"text": "Indo-European", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Thracian, Balto-Slavic", "answer_start": 230}], "question": "What Indo-European groups belong to the Satem language family?", "id": "5a18ccbd9aa02b0018605ece", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Indo-European", "answer_start": 203}], "question": "What language family originated in the mountains of Russia?", "id": "5a18ccbd9aa02b0018605ecf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "It was situated precisely in the western part of Central Asia that borders present-day Russia (and present-day Kazakhstan). It was in relative proximity to the other satem ethno-linguistic groups of the Indo-European family, like Thracian, Balto-Slavic and others, and to common Indo-European's original homeland (more precisely, the steppes of southern Russia to the north of the Caucasus), according to the reconstructed linguistic relationships of common Indo-European."}], ["Banyak bahasa dan bahasa Iran Tengah menunjukkan bahawa kepelbagaian linguistik yang hebat mestilah wujud di kalangan penutur kuno bahasa Iran. Daripada pelbagai bahasa / dialek, bukti langsung hanya dua yang terselamat. Ini adalah: <> Apakah ciri-ciri tamadun Iran Tengah ditunjukkan oleh bilangan bahasa yang berbeza dan penceramah mereka? || kepelbagaian linguistik <> Berapa banyak bahasa lidah Middlie Iran masih wujud sejak zaman dahulu? || dua <> Apa ciri tamadun Iran tengah ditunjukkan oleh bilangan bahasa dan pembesar yang terhad? || <> Berapa banyak bahasa Iran tengah masih dituturkan hari ini? || <> Bahasa apa yang digunakan oleh beberapa orang yang terhad? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What characteristic of Middle Iranian civilization is shown by the number of different languages and their speakers?", "id": "56ddf3bb9a695914005b9720", "answers": [{"text": "linguistic diversity", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of the Middlie Iranian tongues have remained in existence since ancient time?", "id": "56ddf3bb9a695914005b9721", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The multitude of Middle Iranian languages and peoples indica", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What characteristic of middle Iranian civilization is shown by the limited number of languages and speakers?", "id": "5a18d2529aa02b0018605ed8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 225}], "question": "How many middle Iranian languages are still spoken today?", "id": "5a18d2529aa02b0018605ed9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Middle Iranian", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "What languages were spoken by a limited number of people?", "id": "5a18d2529aa02b0018605eda", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The multitude of Middle Iranian languages and peoples indicate that great linguistic diversity must have existed among the ancient speakers of Iranian languages. Of that variety of languages/dialects, direct evidence of only two have survived. These are:"}], ["Penggunaan istilah untuk keluarga bahasa Iran diperkenalkan pada tahun 1836 oleh Christian Lassen. Cacing Robert Needham menggunakan istilah Irano-Aryan pada tahun 1878, dan Orientalis seperti George Abraham Grierson dan Max M\u00fcller membezakan Irano-Aryan (Iran) dan Indo-Aryan (Indic). Beberapa biasiswa baru-baru ini, terutamanya dalam bahasa Jerman, telah menghidupkan semula konvensyen ini. <> Bilakah frasa keluarga bahasa Iran digunakan dahulu? || 1836 <> Yang pertama menggunakan istilah bahasa Iran? || Christian Lassen <> Yang pertama menggunakan istilah Irano-Aryan? || Robert Needham Cust <> Kapan frasa Irano-Aryan pertama kali digunakan? || 1878 <> Bilakah Robert Needham Cust memperkenalkan istilah Iran? || <> Apa istilah Kristian Lassen menggunakan 1878? || <> Apa yang berbeza dengan George Abraham Grierson dan Christian Lassen? || <> Apa ulama telah memulihkan istilah Irano-Aryan ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the phrase Iranian language family first used?", "id": "56ddef9d9a695914005b96ea", "answers": [{"text": "1836", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who first used the term Iranian language?", "id": "56ddef9d9a695914005b96eb", "answers": [{"text": "Christian Lassen", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who first used the term Irano-Aryan?", "id": "56ddef9d9a695914005b96ed", "answers": [{"text": "Robert Needham Cust", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the phrase Irano-Aryan first used?", "id": "56ddef9d9a695914005b96ee", "answers": [{"text": "1878", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1836", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "When did Robert Needham Cust introduced the term Iranian?", "id": "5a18c7099aa02b0018605ebe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Irano-Aryan", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "What term did Christian Lassen using 1878?", "id": "5a18c7099aa02b0018605ebf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Irano-Aryan (Iranian) and Indo-Aryan (Indic)", "answer_start": 226}], "question": "What did George Abraham Grierson and Christian Lassen contrast?", "id": "5a18c7099aa02b0018605ec0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "German", "answer_start": 310}], "question": "What scholars have revived the term Irano-Aryan", "id": "5a18c7099aa02b0018605ec1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen. Robert Needham Cust used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878, and Orientalists such as George Abraham Grierson and Max M\u00fcller contrasted Irano-Aryan (Iranian) and Indo-Aryan (Indic). Some recent scholarship, primarily in German, has revived this convention."}], ["Semua bahasa Iran berasal dari nenek moyang yang sama, Proto-Iran. Sebaliknya, dan bersama Proto-Indo-Aryan dan bahasa Nuristani, Proto-Iran turun dari nenek moyang Proto-Indo-Iran yang sama. Bahasa Indo-Iran dianggap berasal dari Asia Tengah. Budaya Andronovo adalah calon yang dicadangkan untuk kebudayaan umum Indo-Iran ca. 2000 SM. <> Dari manakah bahasa Iran berasal? || Proto-Iran <> Sebagian dari dunia ini berteori bahawa bahasa Indo-Iran berasal? || Asia Tengah <> Masyarakat apa yang menjadi pesaing kuat untuk kebudayaan umum yang berbahasa Indo-Iran? || Andronovo <> Kapan kebudayaan Andronovo wujud? || 2000 SM <> Apa bahasa lain yang paling turun dari bahasa Iran? || <> Apa bahasa lain selain Nuristani keturunan proto-Iran ini? || <> Bahasa apa yang berasal dari keturunan Proto-Indo Iran? || <> Bahasa apa yang dipercayai berasal dari India tengah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "From where did Iranian languages originate?", "id": "56ddf08d66d3e219004dae31", "answers": [{"text": "Proto-Iranian", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of the world is it theorized that Indo-Iranian languages came from?", "id": "56ddf08d66d3e219004dae33", "answers": [{"text": "Central Asia", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What society is a strong contender for the common culture speaking Indo-Iranian?", "id": "56ddf08d66d3e219004dae34", "answers": [{"text": "Andronovo", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Andronovo culture exist?", "id": "56ddf08d66d3e219004dae35", "answers": [{"text": "2000 BC", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Proto-Iranian", "answer_start": 60}], "question": "What other language did most Iranian languages descend from?", "id": "5a18c8d69aa02b0018605ec6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan", "answer_start": 102}], "question": "What other language besides Nuristani this proto-Iranian descent from?", "id": "5a18c8d69aa02b0018605ec7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan", "answer_start": 102}], "question": "What language does Proto-Indo Iranian descent from?", "id": "5a18c8d69aa02b0018605ec8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Indo-Iranian", "answer_start": 214}], "question": "What languages are believed to have originated in central India?", "id": "5a18c8d69aa02b0018605ec9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture ca. 2000 BC."}], ["Parsi Lama adalah dialek Iran Lama kerana ia telah dituturkan di Iran barat daya oleh penduduk Parsa, yang juga memberi namanya kepada wilayah dan bahasa mereka. Persia Lama Asli yang terbaik dicontohi dalam salah satu daripada tiga bahasa inskripsi Behistun, yang disusun sekitar 520 SM, dan merupakan inskripsi terakhir (dan hanya prasasti panjang yang ketara) di mana Parsi Lama masih betul dari segi tatabahasa. Prasasti kemudian agak ringkas, dan biasanya hanya salinan kata-kata dan frasa dari yang terdahulu, sering dengan kesilapan tatabahasa, yang menunjukkan bahawa pada abad ke-4 SM peralihan dari Parsi Lama ke Parsi Tengah sudah jauh maju, namun usaha masih dibuat untuk mengekalkan kualiti \"lama\" untuk pengumuman rasmi. <> Di mana rekod sejarahnya Parsi Lama muncul dalam bentuk teladan? || inskripsi Behistun <> Bilakah inskripsi Behistun ditulis? || 520 SM <> Semasa abad apakah perubahan dari Old to Middle Persian berjalan dengan baik? || Abad ke-4 SM <> dialek apa yang dikatakan di barat laut Iran || <> Apa maksud rasmi Persia Tengah yang digunakan pada abad keempat SM? || <> Prasasti apa yang ditulis pada abad ke-4 SM. || <> Di mana dokumen yang disusun pada 520 SM adalah parsi lama bahasa Parsi tidak betul? || <> Selama abad apakah perubahan dari awal hingga ke tengah Parsi baru bermula? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In which historical record does Old Persian appear in exemplary form?", "id": "56ddf42566d3e219004dae60", "answers": [{"text": "the Behistun inscription", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Behistun inscription written?", "id": "56ddf42566d3e219004dae61", "answers": [{"text": "520 BC", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what century was the change from Old to Middle Persian well underway?", "id": "56ddf42566d3e219004dae62", "answers": [{"text": "4th century BC", "answer_start": 583}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Old Iranian dialect", "answer_start": 19}], "question": "What dialect was spoken in northwestern Iran", "id": "5a18d7dd9aa02b0018605ede", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "proclamations", "answer_start": 748}], "question": "What official purpose was Middle Persian being used for in the fourth century BC?", "id": "5a18d7dd9aa02b0018605edf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Behistun inscription", "answer_start": 236}], "question": "What inscription was composed in the 4th Century BC.", "id": "5a18d7dd9aa02b0018605ee0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Behistun inscription", "answer_start": 236}], "question": "In which document composed in 520 BC was old Persian grammatically incorrect?", "id": "5a18d7dd9aa02b0018605ee1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "4th century BC", "answer_start": 583}], "question": "During what century was the change from old to middle Persian just beginning?", "id": "5a18d7dd9aa02b0018605ee2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Old Persian is the Old Iranian dialect as it was spoken in south-western Iran by the inhabitants of Parsa, who also gave their name to their region and language. Genuine Old Persian is best attested in one of the three languages of the Behistun inscription, composed circa 520 BC, and which is the last inscription (and only inscription of significant length) in which Old Persian is still grammatically correct. Later inscriptions are comparatively brief, and typically simply copies of words and phrases from earlier ones, often with grammatical errors, which suggests that by the 4th century BC the transition from Old Persian to Middle Persian was already far advanced, but efforts were still being made to retain an \"old\" quality for official proclamations."}], ["Bahasa Iran atau bahasa Iran membentuk cawangan bahasa Indo-Iran, yang pada gilirannya adalah cawangan keluarga bahasa Indo-Eropah. Penceramah bahasa Iran dikenali sebagai orang Iran. Bahasa Iran sejarah dikelompokkan dalam tiga peringkat: Iran Lama (sehingga 400 SM), Iran Tengah (400 SM - 900 CE), dan Iran Baru (sejak 900 CE). Daripada bahasa Iran Lama, yang lebih baik difahami dan direkodkan ialah Persia Lama (bahasa Achaemenid Iran) dan Avestan (bahasa Avesta). Bahasa Iran Tengah termasuk Persia Tengah (bahasa Sassanid Iran), Parthian, dan Bactrian. <> Apa istilah lain yang bermaksud bahasa Iran? || Bahasa Iranik <> Apakah bahasa Iran sebagai subkumpulan? || Bahasa Indo-Iran <> Apakah bahasa Indo-Iran adalah subset? || Perkataan bahasa Indo-Eropah <> Bilakah perubahan dari Iran Lama ke Iran Tengah berlaku? || 400 BCE <> Apakah contoh bahasa Sassanid? || Persia Tengah <> Apakah tahap bahasa Iran dari 400 SM hingga 900 CE termasuk Parsi lama? || <> Apakah tahap bahasa Iran telah digunakan sehingga 400 SM dan termasuk Parthian dan Bactrian? || <> Bilakah perubahan dari Iran lama ke Iran baru berlaku? || <> Di manakah bahasa Iran lama Parthian dan Bactrian dari? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another term meaning Iranian languages?", "id": "56ddee969a695914005b96d2", "answers": [{"text": "Iranic languages", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the Iranic languages a subgroup of?", "id": "56ddee969a695914005b96d3", "answers": [{"text": "Indo-Iranian languages", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are Indo-Iranian languages a subset of?", "id": "56ddee969a695914005b96d4", "answers": [{"text": "Indo-European language family", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the change from Old Iranian to Middle Iranian occur?", "id": "56ddee969a695914005b96d5", "answers": [{"text": "400 BCE", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of a Sassanid language?", "id": "56ddee969a695914005b96d6", "answers": [{"text": "Middle Persian", "answer_start": 564}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Middle Iranian", "answer_start": 303}], "question": "What stage of Iranian languages from 400 BCE to 900 CE includes old Persian?", "id": "5a18c2e19aa02b0018605eaa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Old Iranian", "answer_start": 274}], "question": "What stage of Iranian language was in use until 400 BCE and included Parthian and Bactrian?", "id": "5a18c2e19aa02b0018605eab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "400 BCE", "answer_start": 293}], "question": "When did the change from old Iranian to new Iranian occur?", "id": "5a18c2e19aa02b0018605eac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sassanid Iran", "answer_start": 594}], "question": "Where are the old Iranian languages Parthian and Bactrian from?", "id": "5a18c2e19aa02b0018605ead", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Iranian languages or Iranic languages form a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, which in turn are a branch of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples. Historical Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (400 BCE \u2013 900 CE), and New Iranian (since 900 CE). Of the Old Iranian languages, the better understood and recorded ones are Old Persian (a language of Achaemenid Iran) and Avestan (the language of the Avesta). Middle Iranian languages included Middle Persian (a language of Sassanid Iran), Parthian, and Bactrian."}], ["Yang lain secara langsung membuktikan dialek Iran Lama adalah dua bentuk Avestan, yang mengambil nama mereka dari penggunaannya di Avesta, teks liturgi agama asli Iran yang kini berjalan dengan nama Zoroastrianisme tetapi di Avesta itu sendiri dikenali sebagai vohu daena (kemudian: behdin). Bahasa Avesta dibahagikan kepada dua dialek, yang konvensional dikenali sebagai \"Avestan Lama (atau 'Gathik'), dan\" Avestan Muda \". Istilah-istilah ini, yang bermula pada abad ke-19, sedikit mengelirukan sejak 'Muda Avestan' tidak hanya jauh lebih muda dari 'Old Avestan', tetapi juga dari wilayah geografi yang berbeza. Dialek Lama Avestan sangat kuno, dan kira-kira tahap pembangunan yang sama seperti Sanskrit Rigvedic. Sebaliknya, Younger Avestan adalah kira-kira tahap linguistik yang sama seperti Parsi Lama, tetapi berdasarkan penggunaannya sebagai bahasa suci, mengekalkan ciri-ciri \"lama\" lama setelah bahasa-bahasa Iran Lama telah menghasilkan tahap Iran Tengah mereka. Tidak seperti Parsi Lama, yang mempunyai Parsi Tengah sebagai penggantinya yang terkenal, Avestan tidak mempunyai tahap Iran yang jelas dapat dikenal pasti (kesan Iran Tengah tidak dapat dibezakan daripada kesan akibat sebab-sebab lain). <> Apa dokumen agama purba wujud dalam dua versi dan termasuk bahasa Iran Lama? || Avestan <> Apakah nama kontemporari agama yang mana Avesta adalah sebahagian daripada? || Zoroastrianism <> Bahasa apa yang menunjukkan tahap kematangan yang sepadan dengan Old Avestan? || Bahasa Sanskrit Rigvedic <> Bahasa apa yang menunjukkan tahap perkembangan yang sama seperti Younger Avestan? || Bahasa Parsi Lama <> Apa dialek ialah bahasa Avesta dari? || <> Berapa banyak dialek bahasa Avesta atau di sana? || <> Agama apa vohu daena nama kontemporari? || <> Mengapa orang Persia lama mengekalkan ciri-ciri lama lama setelah bahasa Iran lama || <> Bahasa apa yang menunjukkan tahap perkembangan yang sama seperti Avestan lama ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What ancient religious document exists in two versions and includes Old Iranian language?", "id": "56ddf552cffd8e1900b4b526", "answers": [{"text": "Avestan", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the contemporary name of the religion which Avesta was part of?", "id": "56ddf552cffd8e1900b4b527", "answers": [{"text": "Zoroastrianism", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language shows a level of maturity corresponding to Old Avestan?", "id": "56ddf552cffd8e1900b4b529", "answers": [{"text": "Rigvedic Sanskrit", "answer_start": 707}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language shows the same level of development as Younger Avestan?", "id": "56ddf552cffd8e1900b4b52a", "answers": [{"text": "Old Persian", "answer_start": 802}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Old Iranian", "answer_start": 28}], "question": "What dialect is the Avesta language from?", "id": "5a18da649aa02b0018605ee8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two dialects", "answer_start": 345}], "question": "How many dialects of the Avesta language or there?", "id": "5a18da649aa02b0018605ee9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Avesta", "answer_start": 123}], "question": "What religion is vohu daena the contemporary name for?", "id": "5a18da649aa02b0018605eea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "its use as a sacred language", "answer_start": 832}], "question": "Why did old Persian retained its old characteristics long after the old Iranian languages", "id": "5a18da649aa02b0018605eeb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Old Persian", "answer_start": 983}], "question": "What language shows the same level of development as old Avestan", "id": "5a18da649aa02b0018605eec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the Avesta is subdivided into two dialects, conventionally known as \"Old (or 'Gathic') Avestan\", and \"Younger Avestan\". These terms, which date to the 19th century, are slightly misleading since 'Younger Avestan' is not only much younger than 'Old Avestan', but also from a different geographic region. The Old Avestan dialect is very archaic, and at roughly the same stage of development as Rigvedic Sanskrit. On the other hand, Younger Avestan is at about the same linguistic stage as Old Persian, but by virtue of its use as a sacred language retained its \"old\" characteristics long after the Old Iranian languages had yielded to their Middle Iranian stage. Unlike Old Persian, which has Middle Persian as its known successor, Avestan has no clearly identifiable Middle Iranian stage (the effect of Middle Iranian is indistinguishable from effects due to other causes)."}], ["Dua bahagian dialektal terawal di kalangan Iran sememangnya tidak mengikuti pembahagian kemudian menjadi blok Barat dan Timur. Kebimbangan ini mengenai nasib konsonan palatal pertama Proto-Indo-Iran, * \u0107 dan * d\u017a: <> Unsur-unsur apa yang Proto-Indo-Iran tidak menyimpang menurut perpecahan antara varian timur dan barat? || * \u0107 dan * d\u017a <> Apa jenis huruf * \u0107 dan * d\u017a? || siri konsonan pertama kalkun <> Apa dialek Iran tidak mengikuti blok Barat dan Timur? || <> Jenis injap jenis c dan dz? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What elements of Proto-Indo-Iranian did not diverge according to the ensuing split between eastern and western variants?", "id": "56ddfdc4cffd8e1900b4b556", "answers": [{"text": "*\u0107 and *d\u017a", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of letters are *\u0107 and *d\u017a?", "id": "56ddfdc4cffd8e1900b4b557", "answers": [{"text": "first-series palatal consonants", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Two of the earliest", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What Iranian dialects did not follow the Western and Eastern blocks?", "id": "5a18e2b99aa02b0018605f02", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "palatal", "answer_start": 196}], "question": "What type of valves are c and dz?", "id": "5a18e2b99aa02b0018605f03", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Two of the earliest dialectal divisions among Iranian indeed happen to not follow the later division into Western and Eastern blocks. These concern the fate of the Proto-Indo-Iranian first-series palatal consonants, *\u0107 and *d\u017a:"}], ["Apa yang diketahui dalam sejarah linguistik Iran sebagai era \"Iran Tengah\" dianggap bermula sekitar abad ke-4 BCE yang berlangsung hingga abad ke-9. Secara linguistik, bahasa Iran Tengah secara konvensional diklasifikasikan kepada dua kumpulan utama, Barat dan Timur. <> Bilakah zaman Middle of Middle Iran tiba-tiba? || Abad ke-9 <> Apakah dua bahagian utama Iran Tengah? || Barat dan Timur <> Era apa yang bermula pada abad kesembilan? || <> Bahasa apa yang dibahagikan kepada bahagian utara dan selatan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the age of Middle Iranian come to a close?", "id": "56de03d64396321400ee254d", "answers": [{"text": "9th century", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the two main divisions of Middle Iranian?", "id": "56de03d64396321400ee254e", "answers": [{"text": "Western and Eastern", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Middle Iranian", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "What era began in the ninth century?", "id": "5a18e5eb9aa02b0018605f12", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Middle Iranian", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "What language was divided into a northern and southern division?", "id": "5a18e5eb9aa02b0018605f13", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "What is known in Iranian linguistic history as the \"Middle Iranian\" era is thought to begin around the 4th century BCE lasting through the 9th century. Linguistically the Middle Iranian languages are conventionally classified into two main groups, Western and Eastern."}], ["Sebagai peringkat pertengahan yang biasa, adalah mungkin untuk membina semula affratates depalatalized: * c, * dz. (Ini bertepatan dengan keadaan di dalam bahasa-bahasa Nuristani yang berdekatan.) Komplikasi lanjut mengenai kebimbangan konsonan * \u0107w dan * d\u017aw: <> Bahasa apa yang berkongsi situasi yang sama? || Bahasa Nuristani <> Apa unsur-unsur bahasa-bahasa awal di Iran bermasalah divisi timur-barat? || * \u0107w dan * d\u017aw <> Apakah pengkategorian linguistik * \u0107w dan * d\u017aw? || cluster konsonan <> Apa yang bertentangan dengan keadaan dalam bahasa Nuristani? || <> Apakah unsur-unsur lain bahasa Iran awal menyokong bahagian Timur-Barat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What languages share a similar situation?", "id": "56ddfe654396321400ee2532", "answers": [{"text": "Nuristani languages", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other elements of early Iranian languages problematize the east-west division?", "id": "56ddfe654396321400ee2533", "answers": [{"text": "*\u0107w and *d\u017aw", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the linguistic categorization of *\u0107w and *d\u017aw?", "id": "56ddfe654396321400ee2534", "answers": [{"text": "consonant clusters", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a common intermediate stage", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "What is contrary to the state of affairs in the Nuristani languages?", "id": "5a18e39c9aa02b0018605f06", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "*\u0107w and *d\u017aw", "answer_start": 243}], "question": "What other elements of early Iranian language support the East-West division?", "id": "5a18e39c9aa02b0018605f07", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "As a common intermediate stage, it is possible to reconstruct depalatalized affricates: *c, *dz. (This coincides with the state of affairs in the neighboring Nuristani languages.) A further complication however concerns the consonant clusters *\u0107w and *d\u017aw:"}], ["Persia Tengah (Pahlavi) adalah bahasa rasmi di bawah dinasti Sasanian di Iran. Ia digunakan dari abad ke-3 CE hingga awal abad ke-10. Skrip yang digunakan untuk Parsi Tengah di era ini mengalami kematangan yang ketara. Parsi Tengah, Parthian dan Sogdian juga digunakan sebagai bahasa sastera oleh Manichaeans, yang teksnya juga bertahan dalam pelbagai bahasa bukan Iran, dari bahasa Latin ke bahasa Cina. Teks Manichaean ditulis dalam skrip yang hampir sama dengan skrip Syriac. <> Apa istilah lain untuk Parsi Tengah? || Pahlavi <> Kapan Parsi Pertengahan bermula? || 3hb CE <> Apakah tiga bahasa yang digunakan oleh Manichaeans? || Persia Tengah, Parthian dan Sogdian <> Apakah tulisan Manichaean yang serupa dengannya? || Aksara Syriac <> Dinasti Underwood adalah bahasa Parsi lama bahasa rasmi? || <> Bahasa apa yang digunakan di Iran sebelum abad ketiga? || <> Apakah tiga bahasa yang digunakan oleh Manchaeans? || <> Bahasa Latin dan tulisan China sama dengan teks apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another term for Middle Persian?", "id": "56de058f4396321400ee255b", "answers": [{"text": "Pahlavi", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Middle Persian start being u sed?", "id": "56de058f4396321400ee255c", "answers": [{"text": "3rd century CE", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are three languages employed by the Manichaeans?", "id": "56de058f4396321400ee255d", "answers": [{"text": "Middle Persian, Parthian and Sogdian", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the writing of Manichaean documents similar to?", "id": "56de058f4396321400ee255e", "answers": [{"text": "Syriac script", "answer_start": 483}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sasanian dynasty", "answer_start": 61}], "question": "Underwood dynasty was old Persian the official language?", "id": "5a18e8519aa02b0018605f1e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Middle Persian", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What language was in use in Iran before the third century?", "id": "5a18e8519aa02b0018605f1f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Middle Persian, Parthian and Sogdian", "answer_start": 245}], "question": "What are three spoken languages use by the Manchaeans?", "id": "5a18e8519aa02b0018605f20", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Manichaean texts", "answer_start": 421}], "question": "Latin and Chinese writing were similar to what texts?", "id": "5a18e8519aa02b0018605f21", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Middle Persian (Pahlavi) was the official language under the Sasanian dynasty in Iran. It was in use from the 3rd century CE until the beginning of the 10th century. The script used for Middle Persian in this era underwent significant maturity. Middle Persian, Parthian and Sogdian were also used as literary languages by the Manichaeans, whose texts also survive in various non-Iranian languages, from Latin to Chinese. Manichaean texts were written in a script closely akin to the Syriac script."}], ["Adalah mungkin bahawa kumpulan dialek yang berbeza telah wujud dalam tempoh ini. Calon-calon yang baik adalah bahasa leluhur hipotik yang terdiri daripada subkumpulan Almania / Scytho-Sarmatian dari Scythian di jauh barat laut; dan \"Parthian Lama\" hipotetis (leluhur Iran Parthian Lama) di dekat barat laut, di mana asal * dw> * b (paralleling pembangunan * \u0107w). <> Apa yang mungkin telah digunakan pada masa itu? || kumpulan dialek berbeza yang lain <> Pendahuluan apa subset Scythian berteori telah wujud? || Alanian / Scytho-Sarmatian <> Apa kemungkinan pendahulu Pathian dianggap telah wujud? || Parthian Lama <> Apa yang tidak digunakan pada masa itu? || <> Apakah nenek moyang Iran lama? || <> c selari perkembangan apa dua huruf lain? || <> Scythian adalah nenek moyang bahasa apa yang lain? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What may have also been in use at the time?", "id": "56de03a44396321400ee2547", "answers": [{"text": "other distinct dialect groups", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Precursors of what subset of Scythian are theorized to have existed?", "id": "56de03a44396321400ee2548", "answers": [{"text": "Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What possible predecessor of Pathian is thought to have existed?", "id": "56de03a44396321400ee2549", "answers": [{"text": "Old Parthian", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "other distinct dialect", "answer_start": 20}], "question": "What was not in use at the time?", "id": "5a18e53d9aa02b0018605f0a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Old Parthian", "answer_start": 246}], "question": "What is the ancestor of old Iranian?", "id": "5a18e53d9aa02b0018605f0b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "*dw > *b", "answer_start": 337}], "question": "c parallel the development of what other two letters?", "id": "5a18e53d9aa02b0018605f0c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian", "answer_start": 156}], "question": "Scythian was the ancestor of what other languages?", "id": "5a18e53d9aa02b0018605f0d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "It is possible that other distinct dialect groups were already in existence during this period. Good candidates are the hypothethical ancestor languages of Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian subgroup of Scythian in the far northwest; and the hypothetical \"Old Parthian\" (the Old Iranian ancestor of Parthian) in the near northwest, where original *dw > *b (paralleling the development of *\u0107w)."}], ["Keluarga Barat termasuk Parthian (Arsacid Pahlavi) dan Parsi Tengah, manakala Bactrian, Sogdian, Khwarezmian, Saka, dan Old Ossetic (Scytho-Sarmatian) jatuh di bawah kategori Timur. Dua bahasa dari kumpulan Barat adalah bahasa yang sangat dekat dengan satu sama lain, tetapi agak berbeza dari rakan-rakan timur mereka. Sebaliknya, kumpulan Timur adalah entiti isal yang bahasa-bahasanya mengekalkan beberapa persamaan dengan Avestan. Mereka ditulis dalam pelbagai aksara yang berasal dari bahasa Aramaik yang akhirnya berkembang dari skrip Aramaik Akademi Achaemenid, walaupun Bactrian ditulis menggunakan skrip Yunani yang disesuaikan. <> Bactrian, Sogdian, dan Saka adalah contoh jenis bahasa Iran? || Timur <> Bahasa manakah yang mempunyai persamaan dengan kepelbagaian bahasa Iran Timur? || Avestan <> Dimana abjad yang digunakan oleh bahasa timur berasal? || Bahasa Aram <> Apakah bahasa Bactrian digunakan untuk menulis? || Skrip Yunani <> Apakah keluarga termasuk pesta di Parsi Lama? || <> Keluarga apa yang termasuk Bactrain, Sogdian dan Iran lama? || <> Di manakah abjad yang digunakan oleh bahasa Barat berasal? || <> Skrip apa yang digunakan untuk penarafan Parsi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Bactrian, Sogdian, and Saka are examples of what type of Iranian language?", "id": "56de05334396321400ee2552", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which language bears a resemblance to the diversity of eastern Iranian languages?", "id": "56de05334396321400ee2553", "answers": [{"text": "Avestan", "answer_start": 425}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the the alphabets used by eastern languages come from?", "id": "56de05334396321400ee2554", "answers": [{"text": "Aramaic", "answer_start": 465}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Bactrian language use for writing?", "id": "56de05334396321400ee2555", "answers": [{"text": "Greek script", "answer_start": 610}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Western family", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What family includes party on an Old Persian?", "id": "5a18e72f9aa02b0018605f16", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Eastern", "answer_start": 169}], "question": "What family includes Bactrain, Sogdian and old Iranian?", "id": "5a18e72f9aa02b0018605f17", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Aramaic", "answer_start": 465}], "question": "Where did the alphabet used by Western languages come from?", "id": "5a18e72f9aa02b0018605f18", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Greek script", "answer_start": 610}], "question": "What script was used for Persian rating?", "id": "5a18e72f9aa02b0018605f19", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Western family includes Parthian (Arsacid Pahlavi) and Middle Persian, while Bactrian, Sogdian, Khwarezmian, Saka, and Old Ossetic (Scytho-Sarmatian) fall under the Eastern category. The two languages of the Western group were linguistically very close to each other, but quite distinct from their eastern counterparts. On the other hand, the Eastern group was an areal entity whose languages retained some similarity to Avestan. They were inscribed in various Aramaic-derived alphabets which had ultimately evolved from the Achaemenid Imperial Aramaic script, though Bactrian was written using an adapted Greek script."}], ["Penaklukan Islam juga membawa ia menggunakan skrip Arab untuk menulis Persia dan kemudiannya, Kurdish, Pashto dan Balochi. Ketiganya disesuaikan dengan penulisan dengan penambahan beberapa huruf. Perkembangan ini mungkin berlaku beberapa waktu pada separuh kedua abad ke-8, ketika skrip Persia tengah lama mulai berkurang dalam penggunaannya. Skrip Arab tetap digunakan dalam Persia moden kontemporari. Skrip Tajik pertama kali diawali pada tahun 1920-an di bawah dasar kebangsaan Soviet. Walau bagaimanapun skrip ini kemudiannya Cyrillicized pada tahun 1930 oleh kerajaan Soviet. <> Apakah bentuk penulisan baru yang diperkenalkan oleh penyebaran Islam? || Skrip Arab <> Bilakah penggunaan skrip Persia Tengah jatuh? || Separuh kedua abad ke-8 <> Apa skrip yang ditukar kepada Latin pada tahun 1920-an? || Skrip Tajik <> Bilakah skrip Tajik ditukarkan ke Cyrillic? || 1930-an <> Siapa yang mematalikan penukaran skrip Tajik ke Cyrillic? || Kerajaan Soviet <> Penyebaran agama apa yang memperkenalkan skrip Persia? || <> Bilakah penggunaan skrip Persia tengah bermula? || <> Bilakah skrip Arab ditukar kepada bahasa Latin? || <> Apa yang memulakan penukaran naskah Arab ke Cyrillic? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the new form of writing introduced by the spread of Islam?", "id": "56de0b40cffd8e1900b4b570", "answers": [{"text": "Arabic script", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did usage of Middle Persian script fall off?", "id": "56de0b40cffd8e1900b4b571", "answers": [{"text": "second half of the 8th century", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What script was converted to Latin in the 1920s?", "id": "56de0b40cffd8e1900b4b572", "answers": [{"text": "Tajik script", "answer_start": 423}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Tajik script converted to Cyrillic?", "id": "56de0b40cffd8e1900b4b573", "answers": [{"text": "the 1930s", "answer_start": 563}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who catalyzed the conversion of Tajik script into Cyrillic?", "id": "56de0b40cffd8e1900b4b574", "answers": [{"text": "the Soviet government", "answer_start": 576}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Islam", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "The spread of what religion introduce the Persian script?", "id": "5a18eb359aa02b0018605f30", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "8th century", "answer_start": 284}], "question": "When did the use of middle Persian script begin?", "id": "5a18eb359aa02b0018605f31", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1920s", "answer_start": 463}], "question": "When was Arabic script converted to Latin?", "id": "5a18eb359aa02b0018605f32", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet nationality policy", "answer_start": 484}], "question": "What's began the conversion of Arabic script to Cyrillic?", "id": "5a18eb359aa02b0018605f33", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Persian script began dwindling in usage. The Arabic script remains in use in contemporary modern Persian. Tajik script was first Latinised in the 1920s under the then Soviet nationality policy. The script was however subsequently Cyrillicized in the 1930s by the Soviet government."}], ["Selain Parsi Lama dan Avestan, yang merupakan satu-satunya bahasa Iran Lama yang terbukti secara langsung, semua bahasa Iran Tengah mestilah mempunyai bahasa \"Lama Iran\" dalam bahasa itu, dan oleh itu semua boleh dikatakan mempunyai (sekurang-kurangnya hipotetikal ) \"Lama\" borang. Bahasa-bahasa Lama bahasa hipotesis seperti itu termasuk Carduchi (pendahulu hipotesis kepada Kurdish) dan Old Parthian. Di samping itu, kewujudan bahasa yang tidak dipakai kadang-kadang boleh disimpulkan dari kesannya terhadap bahasa-bahasa jiran. Perpindahan tersebut diketahui telah berlaku untuk Parsi Lama, yang mempunyai (yang disebut) substrat \"Median\" dalam beberapa perbendaharaan kata. Selain itu, rujukan bahasa asing juga dapat memberi petunjuk kepada kewujudan bahasa yang tidak terlantar, contohnya melalui toponym / ethnonyms atau dalam rakaman perbendaharaan kata, sebagaimana Herodotus melakukan apa yang disebutnya \"Scythian\". <> Bahasa apa yang dikatakan Carduchi telah menjadi? || Kurdish <> Bahasa apa yang Herodotus mencipta nama? || Scythian <> Bahasa apa ke bahasa Kurdi? || <> Apa yang tidak dapat disimpulkan daripada kesan pada bahasa jiran? || <> Apakah jenis substratnya adalah Iran Tengah? || <> Siapa yang melaporkan perbendaharaan kata untuk Persia lama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What language is Carduchi thought to have become?", "id": "56ddf6ac4396321400ee2513", "answers": [{"text": "Kurdish", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language did Herodotus invent a name for?", "id": "56ddf6ac4396321400ee2515", "answers": [{"text": "Scythian", "answer_start": 874}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Carduchi", "answer_start": 318}], "question": "What language to Kurdish become?", "id": "5a18e03a9aa02b0018605ef2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the existence of unattested languages", "answer_start": 401}], "question": "What cannot be inferred from the impact on a neighboring language?", "id": "5a18e03a9aa02b0018605ef3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Median", "answer_start": 604}], "question": "What kind of substrate is Middle Iranian?", "id": "5a18e03a9aa02b0018605ef4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Herodotus", "answer_start": 840}], "question": "Who reported vocabulary for old Persian?", "id": "5a18e03a9aa02b0018605ef5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In addition to Old Persian and Avestan, which are the only directly attested Old Iranian languages, all Middle Iranian languages must have had a predecessor \"Old Iranian\" form of that language, and thus can all be said to have had an (at least hypothetical) \"Old\" form. Such hypothetical Old Iranian languages include Carduchi (the hypothetical predecessor to Kurdish) and Old Parthian. Additionally, the existence of unattested languages can sometimes be inferred from the impact they had on neighbouring languages. Such transfer is known to have occurred for Old Persian, which has (what is called) a \"Median\" substrate in some of its vocabulary. Also, foreign references to languages can also provide a hint to the existence of otherwise unattested languages, for example through toponyms/ethnonyms or in the recording of vocabulary, as Herodotus did for what he called \"Scythian\"."}], ["Konvensyennya, bahasa Iran dikelompokkan dalam cabang \"barat\" dan \"timur\". Istilah-istilah ini tidak mempunyai arti berhubung dengan Old Avestan kerana tahap bahasa itu mungkin mendahului penangguhan bangsa Iran ke dalam kelompok barat dan timur. Istilah geografi juga tidak mempunyai makna apabila diterapkan kepada Younger Avestan kerana ia tidak diketahui di mana dialek (atau dialek) itu dituturkan sama ada. Sesetengahnya hanya Avestan (semua bentuk) dan Parsi Lama yang berbeza, dan sejak Persia Lama adalah \"barat\", dan Avestan bukan Persia Lama, Avestan memperoleh tugas lalai ke \"timur\". Membingungkan isu ini adalah pengenalan substrat Iran barat dalam komposisi Avestan kemudian dan pengubahan yang dilakukan di pusat-pusat kekuasaan empayar di Iran barat (sama ada di selatan-barat di Persia, atau di barat laut di Nisa / Parthia dan Ecbatana / Media). <> Apakah dua bahagian utama lidah Iran? || barat dan timur <> Bahasa mana yang berkaitan dengan cawangan barat Iran? || Persia Lama <> Bahasa mana yang dikaitkan dengan cawangan timur Iran? || Avestan <> Bahasa apa yang dikumpulkan ke dalam cawangan utara dan selatan? || <> Bahasa apa yang dikaitkan dengan cawangan Barat Parsi lama? || <> Bahasa apa yang dikaitkan dengan cawangan Timur Avestan? || <> Apakah pusat kuasa empayar di Persia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the two main divisions of Iranian tongues?", "id": "56ddf70a4396321400ee251b", "answers": [{"text": "western and eastern", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which language is associated with the western branch of Iranian?", "id": "56ddf70a4396321400ee251c", "answers": [{"text": "Old Persian", "answer_start": 450}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which language is associated with the eastern branch of Iranian?", "id": "56ddf70a4396321400ee251d", "answers": [{"text": "Avestan", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Iranian languages", "answer_start": 16}], "question": "What languages are grouped into northern and southern branches?", "id": "5a18e2249aa02b0018605efa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Iranian", "answer_start": 16}], "question": "What language is associated with the Western branch of old Persian?", "id": "5a18e2249aa02b0018605efb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Old Persian", "answer_start": 532}], "question": "What language is associated with the Eastern branch of Avestan?", "id": "5a18e2249aa02b0018605efc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nisa/Parthia and Ecbatana/Media", "answer_start": 834}], "question": "What were the centers of imperial power in Persia?", "id": "5a18e2249aa02b0018605efd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Conventionally, Iranian languages are grouped in \"western\" and \"eastern\" branches. These terms have little meaning with respect to Old Avestan as that stage of the language may predate the settling of the Iranian peoples into western and eastern groups. The geographic terms also have little meaning when applied to Younger Avestan since it isn't known where that dialect (or dialects) was spoken either. Certain is only that Avestan (all forms) and Old Persian are distinct, and since Old Persian is \"western\", and Avestan was not Old Persian, Avestan acquired a default assignment to \"eastern\". Confusing the issue is the introduction of a western Iranian substrate in later Avestan compositions and redactions undertaken at the centers of imperial power in western Iran (either in the south-west in Persia, or in the north-west in Nisa/Parthia and Ecbatana/Media)."}], ["Berikutan Penaklukan Islam Persia (Iran), terdapat perubahan penting dalam peranan dialek yang berbeza dalam Empayar Parsi. Bentuk prestij tua Iran Tengah, yang juga dikenali sebagai Pahlavi, digantikan oleh dialek standard baru yang disebut Dari sebagai bahasa rasmi mahkamah. Nama Dari berasal dari perkataan darb\u00e2r (\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631), yang merujuk kepada mahkamah diraja, di mana banyak penyair, protagonis, dan pelanggan dari kesusasteraan berkembang. Dinasti Saffarid khususnya adalah yang pertama dalam garis banyak dinasti untuk secara rasmi mengadopsi bahasa baru pada tahun 875 CE. Dari mungkin banyak dipengaruhi oleh dialek serantau di Iran timur, sedangkan standard Pahlavi sebelumnya didasarkan pada dialek barat. Dialog prestij baru ini menjadi asas kepada Standard New Persian. Para ilmuwan Iran abad pertengahan seperti Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa (abad ke-8) dan Ibn al-Nadim (abad ke-10) mengaitkan istilah \"Dari\" dengan wilayah timur Khorasan, sementara mereka menggunakan istilah \"Pahlavi\" kawasan barat laut antara Isfahan dan Azerbaijan, dan \"P\u00e2rsi\" (\"Persia\" yang sesuai) untuk menerangkan Dialek-fokat. Mereka juga menyatakan bahawa bahasa tidak rasmi royalti itu sendiri adalah dialek lain, \"Khuzi\", yang berkaitan dengan wilayah Khuzestan barat. <> Percambahan agama mana yang mempunyai kesan mendalam terhadap perkembangan bahasa Iran? || Islam <> Bahasa apa yang menggantikan bahasa Iran Tengah sebagai bahasa rasmi mahkamah? || Dari <> Apa dinasti pertama yang menggunakan Dari? || Saffarid <> Bilakah dinasti Saffarid mula menggunakan Dari? || 875 CE <> Kawasan apa nama Dari disambungkan dengan pemikir Iran abad pertengahan? || Khorasan <> Agama apa yang memperlambat penyebaran bahasa Iran? || <> Bahasa apa yang menimpa Iran menengah adalah bahasa rasmi mahkamah? || <> Apa Dinasti terakhir menggunakan Dari || <> Siapa yang berhenti menggunakan Dari pada tahun 875 CE? || <> Apakah dialek rasmi royalti itu sendiri? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The proliferation of which religion had a profound effect on the development of Iranian languages?", "id": "56de0abc4396321400ee2563", "answers": [{"text": "Islam", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language displaced Middle Iranian as the court's official tongue?", "id": "56de0abc4396321400ee2564", "answers": [{"text": "Dari", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first dynasty to use Dari?", "id": "56de0abc4396321400ee2565", "answers": [{"text": "Saffarid", "answer_start": 465}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Saffarid dynasty begin using Dari?", "id": "56de0abc4396321400ee2566", "answers": [{"text": "875 CE", "answer_start": 578}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What area was the name Dari connected to by medieval Iranian thinkers?", "id": "56de0abc4396321400ee2567", "answers": [{"text": "Khorasan", "answer_start": 963}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Islam", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "What religion slowed the spread of the Iranian language?", "id": "5a18e9499aa02b0018605f26", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Dari", "answer_start": 306}], "question": "What language do middle Iranian displace is the court's official language?", "id": "5a18e9499aa02b0018605f27", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Saffarid", "answer_start": 461}], "question": "What was the last Dynasty to use Dari", "id": "5a18e9499aa02b0018605f28", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Saffarid dynasty", "answer_start": 461}], "question": "Who stopped using Dari in 875 CE?", "id": "5a18e9499aa02b0018605f29", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"Khuzi\",", "answer_start": 1248}], "question": "What was the official dialect of the royalty itself?", "id": "5a18e9499aa02b0018605f2a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Following the Islamic Conquest of Persia (Iran), there were important changes in the role of the different dialects within the Persian Empire. The old prestige form of Middle Iranian, also known as Pahlavi, was replaced by a new standard dialect called Dari as the official language of the court. The name Dari comes from the word darb\u00e2r (\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631), which refers to the royal court, where many of the poets, protagonists, and patrons of the literature flourished. The Saffarid dynasty in particular was the first in a line of many dynasties to officially adopt the new language in 875 CE. Dari may have been heavily influenced by regional dialects of eastern Iran, whereas the earlier Pahlavi standard was based more on western dialects. This new prestige dialect became the basis of Standard New Persian. Medieval Iranian scholars such as Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa (8th century) and Ibn al-Nadim (10th century) associated the term \"Dari\" with the eastern province of Khorasan, while they used the term \"Pahlavi\" to describe the dialects of the northwestern areas between Isfahan and Azerbaijan, and \"P\u00e2rsi\" (\"Persian\" proper) to describe the Dialects of Fars. They also noted that the unofficial language of the royalty itself was yet another dialect, \"Khuzi\", associated with the western province of Khuzestan."}], ["Kawasan-kawasan geografi di mana bahasa-bahasa Iran telah ditekankan di beberapa kawasan oleh bahasa-bahasa baru yang berdekatan. Bahasa Arab merebak ke beberapa bahagian Iran Barat (Khuzestan), dan bahasa Turki menyebar melalui banyak Asia Tengah, menggantikan bahasa-bahasa Iran seperti Sogdian dan Bactrian di mana-mana hari ini Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan dan Tajikistan. Di Eropah Timur, sebahagian besarnya terdiri daripada wilayah Ukraine moden, Rusia selatan selatan, dan beberapa bahagian Balkan, wilayah inti dari orang asli Scythian, Sarmatians, dan Alans telah diambil secara tegas akibat penyerapan dan asimilasi ( contohnya Slavisisasi) oleh pelbagai populasi Proto-Slavia di rantau ini, pada abad ke-6 AD. Ini mengakibatkan anjakan dan kepupusan bahasa-bahasa Scythian yang dominan di rantau ini. Yaghnobi saudara terdekat Sogdian hampir tidak dapat bertahan di kawasan kecil lembah Zarafshan di timur Samarkand, dan Saka sebagai Ossetic di Caucasus, yang merupakan sisa tunggal bahasa Scythian yang paling dominan di Eropah Timur dan sebahagian besar Caucasus Utara. Berbagai bahasa Iran kecil di Pamirs bertahan yang berasal dari Iran Timur. <> Apa istilah lain untuk Iran Barat? || Khuzestan <> Apakah dua bahasa yang dipaksa oleh penyebaran bahasa Arab? || Sogdian dan Bactrian <> Oleh abad apa yang kawasannya didiami oleh Sarmatians telah diserap oleh orang pra-Slavik? || Abad ke-6 AD <> Di mana boleh ditemui sisa-sisa Yaghnobi? || Zarafshan valley <> Ossetic adalah versi bahasa Scythian? || Saka <> Apa tulisan bahasa ke beberapa bahagian Iran timur? || <> Apa dua bahasa tumbuh bersama Arab? || <> Dengan abad apakah kawasan yang didiami oleh orang pra-Slavik telah diserap oleh Sarmasi? || <> Kawasan kecil apa yang masih bercakap Sogdian? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another term for Western Iran?", "id": "56de110e4396321400ee259f", "answers": [{"text": "Khuzestan", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two languages that were forced out by the spread of Arabic?", "id": "56de110e4396321400ee25a0", "answers": [{"text": "Sogdian and Bactrian", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what century had the area inhabited by Sarmatians been absorbed by pre-Slavic people?", "id": "56de110e4396321400ee25a1", "answers": [{"text": "6th century AD", "answer_start": 731}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where can the remnants of Yaghnobi be found?", "id": "56de110e4396321400ee25a2", "answers": [{"text": "Zarafshan valley", "answer_start": 927}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Ossetic is a version of which Scythian language?", "id": "56de110e4396321400ee25a3", "answers": [{"text": "Saka", "answer_start": 967}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Arabic", "answer_start": 131}], "question": "What language writing to some parts of eastern Iran?", "id": "5a18ec869aa02b0018605f38", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sogdian and Bactrian", "answer_start": 293}], "question": "What two languages grew alongside Arabic?", "id": "5a18ec869aa02b0018605f39", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "6th century AD", "answer_start": 731}], "question": "By what century had the area inhabited by pre-Slavic people been absorbed by the Sarmations?", "id": "5a18ec869aa02b0018605f3a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand,", "answer_start": 927}], "question": "What small area still speaks Sogdian?", "id": "5a18ec869aa02b0018605f3b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian."}]], [["Dari masa ke masa, pencahayaan elektrik menjadi di mana-mana negara maju. Corak tidur segmen hilang, pencahayaan malam yang lebih baik membuat lebih banyak aktiviti mungkin pada waktu malam, dan lebih banyak lampu jalan mengurangkan jenayah bandar. <> Lampu jalan membantu mengurangkan? || jenayah bandar.", {"qas": [{"question": "Street lights help reduce?", "id": "56df510196943c1400a5d395", "answers": [{"text": "urban crime.", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Over time, electric lighting became ubiquitous in developed countries. Segmented sleep patterns disappeared, improved nighttime lighting made more activities possible at night, and more street lights reduced urban crime."}], ["Bentuk pencahayaan termasuk pencahayaan alcove, yang seperti kebanyakan pendalaman lain adalah tidak langsung. Ini sering dilakukan dengan lampu pendarfluor (yang pertama kali terdapat di Pameran Dunia 1939) atau lampu tali, kadang-kadang dengan lampu neon, dan baru-baru ini dengan lampu jalur LED. Ia adalah satu bentuk backlighting. <> Bilakah lampu pendarfluor boleh didapati dahulu? || 1939", {"qas": [{"question": "When was fluorescent lighting first available?", "id": "56df12603277331400b4d941", "answers": [{"text": "1939", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Forms of lighting include alcove lighting, which like most other uplighting is indirect. This is often done with fluorescent lighting (first available at the 1939 World's Fair) or rope light, occasionally with neon lighting, and recently with LED strip lighting. It is a form of backlighting."}], ["Pencahayaan dalaman biasanya dicapai menggunakan lekapan cahaya, dan merupakan bahagian utama reka bentuk dalaman. Pencahayaan juga boleh menjadi komponen intrinsik projek landskap. <> Apakah jenis lekapan yang anda gunakan untuk pencahayaan dalaman? || lekapan cahaya <> Apa yang dianggap sebagai bahagian utama reka bentuk dalaman? || Pencahayaan dalaman <> Apa yang boleh menjadi komponen landskap intrinsik? || lampu <> Apakah jenis lekapan yang digunakan biasanya digunakan untuk pencahayaan dalaman? || lekapan cahaya <> Apa yang boleh digunakan sebagai komponen intrinsik projek lanskap? || pencahayaan", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of fixtures do you use for indoor lighting?", "id": "56de10f64396321400ee2599", "answers": [{"text": "light fixtures", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is considered a key part of interior design?", "id": "56de10f64396321400ee259a", "answers": [{"text": "Indoor lighting", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can be a intrinsic component of landscaping?", "id": "56de10f64396321400ee259b", "answers": [{"text": "lighting", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of fixtures are used typically used for indoor lighting?", "id": "56df50f88bc80c19004e4a65", "answers": [{"text": "light fixtures", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can be used as a intrinsic component of landscape projects?", "id": "56df50f88bc80c19004e4a67", "answers": [{"text": "lighting", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Indoor lighting is usually accomplished using light fixtures, and is a key part of interior design. Lighting can also be an intrinsic component of landscape projects."}], ["Lekapan lampu datang dalam pelbagai gaya untuk pelbagai fungsi. Fungsi yang paling penting adalah sebagai pemegang sumber cahaya, untuk memberikan cahaya yang diarahkan dan untuk mengelakkan silau visual. Sesetengahnya sangat jelas dan berfungsi, manakala sesetengahnya adalah karya seni dalam diri mereka sendiri. Hampir apa-apa bahan boleh digunakan, selagi ia dapat mentolerir haba yang berlebihan dan selaras dengan kod keselamatan. <> Apa yang boleh didapati dalam pelbagai gaya untuk pelbagai fungsi? || Lekapan pencahayaan <> Berfungsi sebagai pemegang perlawanan cahaya boleh memberikan cahaya yang diarahkan dan elakkan? || silau visual", {"qas": [{"question": "What can come in a wide variety of styles for various functions?", "id": "56df51038bc80c19004e4a72", "answers": [{"text": "Lighting fixtures", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Functioning as holder a light fixture can provide directed light and avoid?", "id": "56df51038bc80c19004e4a73", "answers": [{"text": "visual glare", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Lighting fixtures come in a wide variety of styles for various functions. The most important functions are as a holder for the light source, to provide directed light and to avoid visual glare. Some are very plain and functional, while some are pieces of art in themselves. Nearly any material can be used, so long as it can tolerate the excess heat and is in keeping with safety codes."}], ["Pengurangan utama kos pencahayaan berlaku dengan penemuan minyak ikan paus dan minyak tanah. Pencahayaan gas cukup ekonomis untuk menyalakan lampu jalan di bandar-bandar utama bermula pada awal tahun 1800-an, dan juga digunakan di beberapa bangunan komersial dan di rumah orang kaya. Mantel gas meningkatkan kecerahan lampu utiliti dan bekas lampu minyak tanah. Penurunan harga utama seterusnya datang dengan mentol lampu pijar yang dikuasakan oleh elektrik. <> Jenis lampu apa yang dikuasakan oleh elektrik? || Lampu pijar <> Bilakah lampu jalan bertenaga gas menjadi tersedia secara ekonomi. || awal tahun 1800-an", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of lighting was powered by electricity?", "id": "56df51008bc80c19004e4a6c", "answers": [{"text": "incandescent light", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did gas powered street lights became economically available.", "id": "56df51008bc80c19004e4a6d", "answers": [{"text": "early 1800s", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Major reductions in the cost of lighting occurred with the discovery of whale oil and kerosene. Gas lighting was economical enough to power street lights in major cities starting in the early 1800s, and was also used in some commercial buildings and in the homes of wealthy people. The gas mantle boosted the luminosity of utility lighting and of kerosene lanterns. The next major drop in price came about with the incandescent light bulb powered by electricity."}], ["Harta penting dari lekapan cahaya adalah keberkesanan bercahaya atau kecekapan plag dinding, yang bermaksud jumlah cahaya yang boleh digunakan dari lekapan setiap tenaga yang digunakan, biasanya diukur dalam lumen per watt. Satu perlawanan menggunakan sumber cahaya boleh diganti juga boleh mempunyai kecekapannya dipetik sebagai peratusan cahaya yang diluluskan dari \"bola\" ke persekitaran. Lebih lancar perlawanan lampu adalah, keberkesanan yang lebih tinggi. Shading cahaya biasanya akan mengurangkan keberkesanan tetapi meningkatkan arah dan kebarangkalian keselesaan visual. <> Keberkesanan bercahaya adalah ukuran dalam unit apa? || lumen per watt", {"qas": [{"question": "Luminous efficacy is measure in what unit?", "id": "56df510696943c1400a5d39c", "answers": [{"text": "lumen per watt", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "An important property of light fixtures is the luminous efficacy or wall-plug efficiency, meaning the amount of usable light emanating from the fixture per used energy, usually measured in lumen per watt. A fixture using replaceable light sources can also have its efficiency quoted as the percentage of light passed from the \"bulb\" to the surroundings. The more transparent the lighting fixture is, the higher efficacy. Shading the light will normally decrease efficacy but increase the directionality and the visual comfort probability."}], ["Pencahayaan tersembunyi (sering disebut \"lampu panci\" di Kanada, \"boleh menyalakan\" atau 'topi yang tinggi' di Amerika Syarikat) adalah popular, dengan lekapan dipasang ke dalam struktur siling supaya kelihatan bersinar dengannya. , atau lampu suluh yang lebih lebar, kedua-duanya adalah mentol yang mempunyai reflektor mereka sendiri. Terdapat juga lampu bawah dengan reflektor dalaman yang direka bentuk untuk menerima lampu 'A' biasa (lampu mentol) yang umumnya kurang mahal daripada lampu reflektor. pendarfluor, HID (pelepasan intensiti tinggi) atau LED. <> Jenis lampu apa yang boleh dipasang di siling untuk muncul siram?", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of lighting can be mounted in the ceiling to appear flush?", "id": "56df1264c65bf219000b3f27", "answers": [{"text": "Recessed lighting", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Recessed lighting (often called \"pot lights\" in Canada, \"can lights\" or 'high hats\" in the US) is popular, with fixtures mounted into the ceiling structure so as to appear flush with it. These downlights can use narrow beam spotlights, or wider-angle floodlights, both of which are bulbs having their own reflectors. There are also downlights with internal reflectors designed to accept common 'A' lamps (light bulbs) which are generally less costly than reflector lamps. Downlights can be incandescent, fluorescent, HID (high intensity discharge) or LED."}], ["Suhu warna untuk sumber cahaya putih turut mempengaruhi penggunaannya untuk aplikasi tertentu. Suhu warna sumber cahaya putih ialah suhu di Kelvin dari pemancar badan hitam teori yang paling hampir sama dengan ciri-ciri spektrum lampu. Mentol pijar mempunyai suhu warna sekitar 2800 hingga 3000 Kelvin; siang adalah sekitar 6400 Kelvin. Lampu suhu warna lebih rendah mempunyai tenaga yang lebih banyak dalam bahagian kuning dan merah spektrum yang kelihatan, manakala suhu warna yang tinggi sesuai dengan lampu dengan lebih banyak penampilan biru-putih. Untuk pemeriksaan kritikal atau tugas padanan warna, atau untuk paparan runcit makanan dan pakaian, suhu warna lampu akan dipilih untuk kesan pencahayaan keseluruhan yang terbaik. <> Berapa banyak Kelvins diukur pada siang hari? || 6400 <> Apa yang mempunyai suhu warna sekitar 2800 hingga 3000 Kelvin? || mentol pijar <> Boleh dikatakan bahawa lampu dengan suhu warna yang tinggi mempunyai lebih banyak tenaga dalam spektrum warna apa? || biru-putih <> Satu lampu dengan lebih banyak tenaga di spektrum kuning dan merah diketahui? || Suhu warna yang lebih rendah", {"qas": [{"question": "How many Kelvins is daylight measured at?", "id": "56df510996943c1400a5d3a3", "answers": [{"text": "6400", "answer_start": 362}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has a color temperature around 2800 to 3000 Kelvin?", "id": "56df510996943c1400a5d3a4", "answers": [{"text": "incandescent bulb", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "It can be said that lights with a high color temperature have more energy in what color spectrum?", "id": "56df510996943c1400a5d3a5", "answers": [{"text": "blue-white", "answer_start": 550}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A lamp with more energy in the yellow and red spectrum are known to be?", "id": "56df510996943c1400a5d3a6", "answers": [{"text": "Lower color temperature", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Color temperature for white light sources also affects their use for certain applications. The color temperature of a white light source is the temperature in Kelvin of a theoretical black body emitter that most closely matches the spectral characteristics of the lamp. An incandescent bulb has a color temperature around 2800 to 3000 Kelvin; daylight is around 6400 Kelvin. Lower color temperature lamps have relatively more energy in the yellow and red part of the visible spectrum, while high color temperatures correspond to lamps with more of a blue-white appearance. For critical inspection or color matching tasks, or for retail displays of food and clothing, the color temperature of the lamps will be selected for the best overall lighting effect."}], ["Dengan penemuan api, bentuk pencahayaan buatan terawal yang digunakan untuk menerangi kawasan adalah kebakaran atau obor. Seawal 400,000 BCE, kebakaran telah terbakar di dalam gua-gua Peking Man. Orang-orang prasejarah menggunakan lampu minyak primitif untuk menerangi persekitaran. Lampu-lampu ini dibuat dari bahan-bahan yang semulajadi seperti batu, kerang, tanduk dan batu, dipenuhi dengan gris, dan mempunyai sumbu serat. Lamps biasanya menggunakan lemak haiwan atau sayuran sebagai bahan bakar. Beratus-ratus lampu ini (batu kerja berongga) telah dijumpai di gua-gua Lascaux di zaman moden Perancis, sejak sekitar 15,000 tahun yang lalu. Haiwan berminyak (burung dan ikan) juga digunakan sebagai lampu selepas diulirkan dengan sumbu. Fireflies telah digunakan sebagai sumber pencahayaan. Lilin dan kaca dan lampu tembikar juga dicipta. Candelier adalah bentuk awal \"lampu\". <> Orang Peking menyalakan api seawal? || 400,000 BCE <> Yang jenis haiwan berminyak di mana juga digunakan sebagai lampu selepas diulirkan dengan sumbu? || burung dan ikan <> Apa yang dianggap sebagai pencahayaan buatan paling awal? || campfire atau obor <> Lembah kerja lampu batu yang terdapat di gua-gua Lascaux tarikh berapa sejauh mana? || 15,000 tahun", {"qas": [{"question": "Peking man kindled fire as early as?", "id": "56df50fc96943c1400a5d38b", "answers": [{"text": "400,000 BCE", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which type of oily animals where also used as lamps after being threaded with wick?", "id": "56df50fc96943c1400a5d38d", "answers": [{"text": "birds and fish", "answer_start": 619}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is considered the earliest form of artificial lighting?", "id": "56df50fc96943c1400a5d38e", "answers": [{"text": "campfires or torches", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The hollow worked stones lamps found in Lascaux caves date back how far?", "id": "56df50fc96943c1400a5d38f", "answers": [{"text": "15,000 years", "answer_start": 587}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "With the discovery of fire, the earliest form of artificial lighting used to illuminate an area were campfires or torches. As early as 400,000 BCE, fire was kindled in the caves of Peking Man. Prehistoric people used primitive oil lamps to illuminate surroundings. These lamps were made from naturally occurring materials such as rocks, shells, horns and stones, were filled with grease, and had a fiber wick. Lamps typically used animal or vegetable fats as fuel. Hundreds of these lamps (hollow worked stones) have been found in the Lascaux caves in modern-day France, dating to about 15,000 years ago. Oily animals (birds and fish) were also used as lamps after being threaded with a wick. Fireflies have been used as lighting sources. Candles and glass and pottery lamps were also invented. Chandeliers were an early form of \"light fixture\"."}], ["Pencahayaan atau pencahayaan adalah penggunaan cahaya yang sengaja untuk mencapai kesan praktikal atau estetik. Pencahayaan termasuk penggunaan sumber cahaya buatan seperti lampu dan lampu, serta pencahayaan semula jadi dengan menangkap cahaya siang. Daylighting (menggunakan tingkap, skylight, atau rak ringan) kadang-kadang digunakan sebagai sumber utama cahaya semasa siang hari di bangunan. Ini dapat menjimatkan tenaga di tempat menggunakan pencahayaan tiruan, yang merupakan komponen utama penggunaan tenaga dalam bangunan. Pencahayaan yang betul boleh meningkatkan prestasi tugas, meningkatkan penampilan kawasan, atau mempunyai kesan psikologi positif terhadap penghuni. <> Apa yang digunakan sebagai sumber utama cahaya untuk bangunan pada siang hari? || Daylighting <> Apakah jenis kesan yang boleh menyinari semulajadi pada seseorang psikologi? || positif <> Menggunakan pencahayaan semulajadi dan bukan sumber cahaya tiruan membantu dengan apa? || penggunaan tenaga <> Lampu dan lekapan cahaya adalah satu bentuk apa? || sumber cahaya tiruan <> Penggunaan cahaya untuk mencapai kesan estetik diketahui? || Pencahayaan atau pencahayaan <> Apa yang boleh digunakan sebagai sumber cahaya utama untuk bangunan pada siang hari? || Daylighting <> Lampu dan lekapan cahaya adalah bentuk apa? || Pencahayaan <> Apakah jenis kesan yang boleh memberi penerangan kepada seseorang secara psikologi? || positif <> Apa yang menggunakan pencahayaan semulajadi dan bukan pencahayaan tiruan membantu? || penggunaan tenaga <> Apa yang digunakan untuk mencapai kesan praktikal? || Pencahayaan atau pencahayaan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is used a main source of light for a building during the day?", "id": "56de0fef4396321400ee2583", "answers": [{"text": "Daylighting", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of effects can natural illumination have on a persons psychological?", "id": "56de0fef4396321400ee2584", "answers": [{"text": "positive", "answer_start": 597}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Using natural illumination instead of artificial light sources help with what?", "id": "56de0fef4396321400ee2585", "answers": [{"text": "energy consumption", "answer_start": 475}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Lamps and light fixtures are a form of what?", "id": "56de0fef4396321400ee2586", "answers": [{"text": "artificial light sources", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The use of light to achieve an aesthetic effect is know as?", "id": "56de0fef4396321400ee2587", "answers": [{"text": "Lighting or illumination", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can be used a main source of light for a building during the day?", "id": "56de1377cffd8e1900b4b5b2", "answers": [{"text": "Daylighting", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Lamps and light fixtures  are a form of what?", "id": "56de1377cffd8e1900b4b5b3", "answers": [{"text": "Lighting", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of effects can proper lighting have on a persons psychologically?", "id": "56de1377cffd8e1900b4b5b4", "answers": [{"text": "positive", "answer_start": 597}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does using natural illumination instead of artificial lighting help with?", "id": "56de1377cffd8e1900b4b5b5", "answers": [{"text": "energy consumption", "answer_start": 475}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the used to achieve a practical effect?", "id": "56de1377cffd8e1900b4b5b6", "answers": [{"text": "Lighting or illumination", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings. This can save energy in place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in buildings. Proper lighting can enhance task performance, improve the appearance of an area, or have positive psychological effects on occupants."}], ["Lampu masuk boleh digunakan di luar untuk menerangi dan memberi isyarat masuk ke harta benda. Lampu ini dipasang untuk keselamatan, keselamatan, dan untuk hiasan. <> Apa jenis cahaya yang akan digunakan menerangi pintu masuk ke harta benda? || Lampu masuk", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of light would be used illuminate the entrance to a property?", "id": "56df819456340a1900b29c88", "answers": [{"text": "Entry lights", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Entry lights can be used outside to illuminate and signal the entrance to a property. These lights are installed for safety, security, and for decoration."}], ["Banjir boleh digunakan untuk menerangi padang bermain atau zon kerja luar semasa waktu malam. Jenis lampu sorotan yang paling biasa adalah logam halida dan lampu natrium tekanan tinggi. <> Jenis cahaya apa yang digunakan untuk menerangi bidang bermain luar pada waktu malam? || Banjir", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of light is used to illuminate outdoor playing fields at night?", "id": "56df807956340a1900b29c64", "answers": [{"text": "Floodlights", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Floodlights can be used to illuminate outdoor playing fields or work zones during nighttime hours. The most common type of floodlights are metal halide and high pressure sodium lights."}], ["Roket adalah perlawanan yang dipasang di dinding, terutamanya yang bersinar dan terkadang turun juga. Sebuah torchiere adalah lampu yang ditujukan untuk pencahayaan ambien. Ia biasanya lampu lantai tetapi mungkin dipasang di dinding seperti sconce. <> Apakah lampu yang digunakan untuk pencahayaan ambien? || torchiere", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a uplight used for ambient lighting?", "id": "56df53a58bc80c19004e4a9b", "answers": [{"text": "torchiere", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A sconce is a wall-mounted fixture, particularly one that shines up and sometimes down as well. A torchiere is an uplight intended for ambient lighting. It is typically a floor lamp but may be wall-mounted like a sconce."}], ["Pencahayaan diklasifikasikan oleh penggunaan yang dirancang sebagai pencahayaan umum, aksen, atau tugas, bergantung kepada pengedaran cahaya yang dihasilkan oleh lekapan. <> Cahaya diklasifikasikan oleh tujuan yang dimaksudkan, apa yang sebahagian besarnya mengubah klasifikasinya? || cahaya yang dihasilkan oleh perlawanan.", {"qas": [{"question": "A light is classified by intended purpose, what mainly changes its classification?", "id": "56df513396943c1400a5d3ab", "answers": [{"text": "light produced by the fixture.", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Lighting is classified by intended use as general, accent, or task lighting, depending largely on the distribution of the light produced by the fixture."}], ["Kadangkala lampu keselamatan boleh digunakan di sepanjang jalan raya di kawasan bandar, atau di belakang rumah atau kemudahan komersil. Ini adalah lampu yang sangat terang digunakan untuk menghalang jenayah. Lampu keselamatan mungkin termasuk lampu sorot. <> Lampu yang sangat terang digunakan untuk menghalang jenayah dipanggil? || pencahayaan keselamatan", {"qas": [{"question": "Extremely bright lights used to deter crime are called?", "id": "56df80fe56340a1900b29c77", "answers": [{"text": "security lighting", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Sometimes security lighting can be used along roadways in urban areas, or behind homes or commercial facilities. These are extremely bright lights used to deter crime. Security lights may include floodlights."}], ["Lampu jalan digunakan untuk menyalurkan jalan raya dan laluan pejalan kaki pada waktu malam. Sesetengah pengeluar merancang lampu LED dan fotovoltaik untuk menyediakan alternatif cekap tenaga kepada lekapan lampu jalan tradisional. <> Apa yang digunakan untuk laluan pejalan kaki ringan pada waktu malam? || Lampu Jalan <> Apakah jenis lampu yang direka untuk kecekapan tenaga? || luminaire fotovoltaik", {"qas": [{"question": "What is used to light walkways at night?", "id": "56df7fd95ca0a614008f9b6f", "answers": [{"text": "Street Lights", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of lights are being designed for energy efficiency?", "id": "56df7fd95ca0a614008f9b70", "answers": [{"text": "photovoltaic luminaires", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Street Lights are used to light roadways and walkways at night. Some manufacturers are designing LED and photovoltaic luminaires to provide an energy-efficient alternative to traditional street light fixtures."}], ["Lampu mudah alih atau meja mungkin perlawanan yang paling biasa, yang terdapat di banyak rumah dan pejabat. Lampu standard dan teduh yang duduk di atas meja adalah pencahayaan umum, manakala lampu meja dianggap lampu tugas. Lampu penukar juga pencahayaan tugas. <> Apakah satu jenis perlawanan yang biasa dijumpai di pejabat? || lampu meja <> Lampu pembesar dianggap jenis lampu? || pencahayaan tugas", {"qas": [{"question": "What is one type of fixture commonly found in offices?", "id": "56df54788bc80c19004e4ab1", "answers": [{"text": "table lamp", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Magnifier lamps are considered what type of lighting? ", "id": "56df54788bc80c19004e4ab3", "answers": [{"text": "task lighting", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The portable or table lamp is probably the most common fixture, found in many homes and offices. The standard lamp and shade that sits on a table is general lighting, while the desk lamp is considered task lighting. Magnifier lamps are also task lighting."}], ["Dalam teater filem, langkah-langkah di lorong biasanya ditandakan dengan deretan lampu kecil untuk keselesaan dan keselamatan, apabila filem itu telah dimulakan dan lampu lain dimatikan. Secara tradisional terdiri daripada watt kecil rendah, lampu voltan rendah dalam tiub trek atau lut sinar, ini dengan cepat digantikan dengan versi berasaskan LED. <> Apakah langkah-langkah untuk memindahkan lorong teater untuk tanda keselamatan? || lampu kecil <> Apakah lampu watt yang rendah digantikan dengan pawagam? || Versi berasaskan LED <> Jenis tiub apa jenis filem yang disertakan? || tiub tembus", {"qas": [{"question": "What do steps in move theater aisles have for safety markings?", "id": "56df7f3e5ca0a614008f9b5b", "answers": [{"text": "small lights", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the low wattage lamps being replaced with in movie theaters?", "id": "56df7f3e5ca0a614008f9b5c", "answers": [{"text": "LED based versions", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of tube are the movie theaters lights enclosed in?", "id": "56df7f3e5ca0a614008f9b5d", "answers": [{"text": "translucent tube", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In a movie theater, steps in the aisles are usually marked with a row of small lights for convenience and safety, when the film has started and the other lights are off. Traditionally made up of small low wattage, low voltage lamps in a track or translucent tube, these are rapidly being replaced with LED based versions."}], ["Siling yang diterangi itu pernah popular pada tahun 1960-an dan 1970-an tetapi tidak mendapat sokongan selepas tahun 1980-an. Ini menggunakan panel penyebar digantung seperti siling yang digantung di bawah lampu pendarfluor, dan dianggap sebagai pencahayaan umum. Bentuk-bentuk lain termasuk neon, yang biasanya tidak bertujuan untuk menerangi apa-apa lagi, tetapi sebenarnya menjadi karya seni itu sendiri. Ini mungkin akan berada di bawah lampu aksen, walaupun dalam kelab malam gelap ia boleh dianggap sebagai lampu am. <> Bilakah lampu neon dianggap pencahayaan umum? || kelab malam gelap <> Apa yang menggunakan panel penyalur di bawah lampu pendarfluor? || siling yang diterangi <> Biasanya lampu neon dianggap jenis lampu? || aksen pencahayaan", {"qas": [{"question": "When would neon lighting be considered general lighting?", "id": "56df55848bc80c19004e4ac3", "answers": [{"text": "dark nightclub", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What uses diffuser panels below fluorescent lights?", "id": "56df55848bc80c19004e4ac4", "answers": [{"text": "illuminated ceiling", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Normally neon lighting is considered what type of lighting?", "id": "56df55848bc80c19004e4ac5", "answers": [{"text": "accent lighting", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The illuminated ceiling was once popular in the 1960s and 1970s but fell out of favor after the 1980s. This uses diffuser panels hung like a suspended ceiling below fluorescent lights, and is considered general lighting. Other forms include neon, which is not usually intended to illuminate anything else, but to actually be an artwork in itself. This would probably fall under accent lighting, though in a dark nightclub it could be considered general lighting."}], ["Lampu pencahayaan, yang dicipta oleh Lightolier, popular pada satu tempoh masa kerana ia lebih mudah dipasang daripada cahaya yang tersembunyi, dan lekapan individu adalah hiasan dan boleh dengan mudah ditujukan kepada dinding. Ia telah mendapat semula populariti baru-baru ini dalam trek voltan rendah, yang sering tidak kelihatan seperti pendahulu mereka kerana mereka tidak mempunyai isu keselamatan yang mempunyai sistem voltan garis, dan oleh itu kurang besar dan lebih hiasan dalam diri mereka. Pengubah utama menghidupkan semua lekapan di trek atau rod dengan 12 atau 24 volt, dan bukannya setiap lampu yang mempunyai pengubah voltan line-to-low. Terdapat tempat dan banjir tradisional, serta lekapan gantung yang lain. Versi yang diubah suai ini adalah pencahayaan kabel, di mana lampu digantung dari atau dipotong untuk menanggung kabel logam di bawah ketegangan. <> Siapa yang mencipta trek trek? || Lightolier <> Apa yang memberi makan semua lekapan dalam trek voltan rendah dan bukannya setiap cahaya yang mempunyai pengubah voltan line-to-low. || master transformer <> Jenis lampu apa yang menggunakan lampu yang digantung atau dipotong untuk kabel telanjang logam? || pencahayaan kabel <> Berapa banyak volt yang biasanya digunakan oleh sistem lampu trek? || 12 atau 24 volt", {"qas": [{"question": "Who invented track lighting?", "id": "56df53138bc80c19004e4a91", "answers": [{"text": "Lightolier", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What feeds all the fixtures in low voltage tracks instead of each light having a line-to-low voltage transformer.", "id": "56df53138bc80c19004e4a92", "answers": [{"text": "master transformer", "answer_start": 464}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What  type of lighting uses lights that are hung or clipped to bare metal cables?", "id": "56df53138bc80c19004e4a93", "answers": [{"text": "cable lighting", "answer_start": 739}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many volts does a track lighting system usually use?", "id": "56df53138bc80c19004e4a94", "answers": [{"text": "12 or 24 volts", "answer_start": 534}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Track lighting, invented by Lightolier, was popular at one period of time because it was much easier to install than recessed lighting, and individual fixtures are decorative and can be easily aimed at a wall. It has regained some popularity recently in low-voltage tracks, which often look nothing like their predecessors because they do not have the safety issues that line-voltage systems have, and are therefore less bulky and more ornamental in themselves. A master transformer feeds all of the fixtures on the track or rod with 12 or 24 volts, instead of each light fixture having its own line-to-low voltage transformer. There are traditional spots and floods, as well as other small hanging fixtures. A modified version of this is cable lighting, where lights are hung from or clipped to bare metal cables under tension."}], ["Dalam beberapa contoh reka bentuk, bahan yang digunakan pada dinding dan perabot memainkan peranan utama dalam kesan pencahayaan <contohnya cat gelap cenderung menyerap cahaya, menjadikan bilik kelihatan lebih kecil dan lebih kecil daripada yang mana, sedangkan cat cahaya tidak bertentangan. Selain cat, permukaan reflektif juga mempunyai kesan pada reka bentuk lampu. <> Jenis cat apa yang cenderung menyerap cahaya? || Cat gelap <> Apakah jenis cat yang membuat bilik kelihatan lebih besar dan lebih cerah? || cat cahaya", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of paint tends to absorb light?", "id": "56df879856340a1900b29d0a", "answers": [{"text": "dark paint", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of paint makes a room a room look larger and brighter?", "id": "56df879856340a1900b29d0c", "answers": [{"text": "light paint", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In some design instances, materials used on walls and furniture play a key role in the lighting effect< for example dark paint tends to absorb light, making the room appear smaller and more dim than it is, whereas light paint does the opposite. In addition to paint, reflective surfaces also have an effect on lighting design."}], ["Pengeluaran gambar dan televisyen menggunakan banyak alat dan kaedah pencahayaan panggung yang sama. Khususnya pada hari-hari awal industri ini, tahap cahaya yang sangat tinggi diperlukan dan haba yang dihasilkan oleh peralatan pencahayaan memberikan cabaran yang besar. Kamera moden memerlukan cahaya yang kurang, dan sumber cahaya moden mengeluarkan kurang haba. <> Gerakan gambar pekerja teknik pencahayaan yang sama seperti bentuk pencahayaan yang lain? || pencahayaan peringkat", {"qas": [{"question": "Motion pictures employee the similar lighting techniques as which other form of lighting?", "id": "56df8fcb38dc421700152055", "answers": [{"text": "stage lighting", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Motion picture and television production use many of the same tools and methods of stage lighting. Especially in the early days of these industries, very high light levels were required and heat produced by lighting equipment presented substantial challenges. Modern cameras require less light, and modern light sources emit less heat."}], ["Beberapa kaedah pengukuran telah dibangunkan untuk mengawal silau yang dihasilkan dari reka bentuk lampu dalaman. Penilaian Nyatanya Bersatu (UGR), Probabilitas Kenyamanan Visual, dan Indeks Daylight Glare adalah beberapa kaedah pengukuran yang paling terkenal. Di samping kaedah baru ini, empat faktor utama mempengaruhi tahap silau ketidakselesaan; pencahayaan sumber silau, sudut pepejal sumber silau, latar belakang latar belakang, dan kedudukan sumber silau dalam bidang pandangan mesti dipertimbangkan. <> Apa UGR berdiri? || Penilaian Kilauan Bersatu", {"qas": [{"question": "What does UGR stand for?", "id": "56df93904a1a83140091eb6c", "answers": [{"text": "Unified Glare Rating", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Several measurement methods have been developed to control glare resulting from indoor lighting design. The Unified Glare Rating (UGR), the Visual Comfort Probability, and the Daylight Glare Index are some of the most well-known methods of measurement. In addition to these new methods, four main factors influence the degree of discomfort glare; the luminance of the glare source, the solid angle of the glare source, the background luminance, and the position of the glare source in the field of view must all be taken into account."}], ["Unit SI pencahayaan dan emitans bercahaya, sebagai kuasa bercahaya setiap kawasan, diukur dalam Lux. Ia digunakan dalam fotometri sebagai ukuran keamatan, seperti yang dilihat oleh mata manusia, cahaya yang melanda atau melewati permukaan. Ia sama dengan watt unit radiometrik bagi setiap meter persegi, tetapi dengan kuasa pada setiap panjang gelombang yang ditimbang mengikut fungsi kilauan, model piawai persepsi kecerahan visual manusia. Dalam bahasa Inggeris, \"lux\" digunakan dalam bentuk tunggal dan jamak. <> Apakah model kecerahan visual manusia yang standard? || fungsi kilauan <> Apakah unit SI dari illuminace dan emittance bercahaya? || Lux", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a standardized model of human visual brightness?", "id": "56df92a64a1a83140091eb51", "answers": [{"text": "luminosity function", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the SI unit of illuminace and luminous emittance?", "id": "56df92a64a1a83140091eb52", "answers": [{"text": "Lux", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The SI unit of illuminance and luminous emittance, being the luminous power per area, is measured in Lux. It is used in photometry as a measure of the intensity, as perceived by the human eye, of light that hits or passes through a surface. It is analogous to the radiometric unit watts per square metre, but with the power at each wavelength weighted according to the luminosity function, a standardized model of human visual brightness perception. In English, \"lux\" is used in both singular and plural."}], ["Pencahayaan menerangi penghibur dan artis dalam teater hidup, tarian, atau persembahan muzik, dan dipilih dan diatur untuk mencipta kesan dramatik. Pencahayaan peringkat menggunakan teknologi pencahayaan am dalam peranti yang dikonfigurasi untuk penyesuaian mudah ciri-ciri keluaran mereka. [Rujukan?] Persediaan pencahayaan pentas disesuaikan untuk setiap adegan setiap pengeluaran. Dimmer, penapis berwarna, reflektor, lensa, lampu bermotor atau lampu secara manual, dan pelbagai jenis banjir dan lampu tempat adalah antara alat yang digunakan oleh pereka pencahayaan panggung untuk menghasilkan kesan yang dikehendaki. Satu set isyarat lampu disediakan supaya pengendali pencahayaan dapat mengawal lampu dalam langkah dengan prestasi; sistem pencahayaan teater yang kompleks menggunakan kawalan komputer alat pencahayaan. <> Apa yang disediakan sebelum prestasi pengendali lampu? || isyarat pencahayaan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is prepared prior to the performance for the lighting operator?", "id": "56df8f054a1a83140091eb43", "answers": [{"text": "lighting cues", "answer_start": 595}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Lighting illuminates the performers and artists in a live theatre, dance, or musical performance, and is selected and arranged to create dramatic effects. Stage lighting uses general illumination technology in devices configured for easy adjustment of their output characteristics.[citation needed] The setup of stage lighting is tailored for each scene of each production. Dimmers, colored filters, reflectors, lenses, motorized or manually aimed lamps, and different kinds of flood and spot lights are among the tools used by a stage lighting designer to produce the desired effects. A set of lighting cues are prepared so that the lighting operator can control the lights in step with the performance; complex theatre lighting systems use computer control of lighting instruments."}], ["Kajian fotometrik (juga kadang-kadang disebut sebagai \"susun atur\" atau \"point by points\") sering digunakan untuk mensimulasikan reka bentuk lampu untuk projek sebelum dibina atau diubah suai. Ini membolehkan arkitek, pereka lampu, dan jurutera menentukan sama ada persediaan pencahayaan yang dicadangkan akan memberikan jumlah cahaya yang dicadangkan. Mereka juga akan dapat menentukan nisbah kontras di antara kawasan cahaya dan gelap. Dalam kebanyakan kes kajian ini dirujuk terhadap amalan pencahayaan IESNA atau CIBSE yang disyorkan untuk jenis permohonan. Bergantung kepada jenis kawasan, aspek reka bentuk yang berbeza boleh ditekankan untuk keselamatan atau kepraktisan (iaitu seperti mengekalkan tahap cahaya seragam, mengelakkan silau atau menonjolkan kawasan tertentu). Perisian khusus sering digunakan untuk membuat ini, yang biasanya menggabungkan penggunaan lukisan CAD digital dua dimensi dan perisian pengiraan pencahayaan (mis. AGi32or Dialux). <> Jenis pengajian apa yang digunakan untuk mensimulasikan reka bentuk lampu? || Kajian fotometrik", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of study is used to simulate lighting designs?", "id": "56df89dc38dc421700152022", "answers": [{"text": "Photometric studies", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Photometric studies (also sometimes referred to as \"layouts\" or \"point by points\") are often used to simulate lighting designs for projects before they are built or renovated. This enables architects, lighting designers, and engineers to determine whether a proposed lighting setup will deliver the amount of light intended. They will also be able to determine the contrast ratio between light and dark areas. In many cases these studies are referenced against IESNA or CIBSE recommended lighting practices for the type of application. Depending on the type of area, different design aspects may be emphasized for safety or practicality (i.e. such as maintaining uniform light levels, avoiding glare or highlighting certain areas). Specialized software is often used to create these, which typically combine the use of two-dimensional digital CAD drawings and lighting calculation software (i.e. AGi32or Dialux)."}], ["Pengukuran cahaya atau fotometri secara umumnya berkenaan dengan jumlah cahaya berguna yang jatuh pada permukaan dan jumlah cahaya yang muncul dari lampu atau sumber lain, bersama-sama dengan warna yang boleh diberikan oleh cahaya ini. Mata manusia bertindak balas berbeza dengan cahaya dari pelbagai bahagian spektrum yang kelihatan, jadi pengukuran fotometrik mesti mengambil fungsi kilauan apabila mengukur jumlah cahaya yang berguna. Unit dasar SI pengukuran ialah candela (cd), yang menggambarkan intensiti bercahaya, semua unit fotometrik yang lain diperoleh dari candela. Luminance misalnya adalah ukuran kepadatan keamatan bercahaya dalam arah yang diberikan. Ia menerangkan jumlah cahaya yang melewati atau dipancarkan dari kawasan tertentu, dan berada dalam sudut pepejal yang diberikan. Unit SI untuk luminance adalah candela per meter persegi (cd / m2). Unit CGS luminance adalah stilb, yang sama dengan satu candela per centimeter persegi atau 10 kcd / m2. Jumlah cahaya berguna yang dipancarkan dari sumber atau fluks bercahaya diukur dalam lumen (lm). <> Apakah unit dasar SI pengukuran? || candela (cd) <> Apakah unit SI untuk pencahayaan? || cd / m2 <> Apakah unit cawangan CGS? || stilb <> Berapakah jumlah cahaya berguna yang dipancarkan dari fluks bercahaya diukur dalam? || lumen (lm)", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the basic SI unit of measurement?", "id": "56df912338dc421700152064", "answers": [{"text": "candela (cd)", "answer_start": 486}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the SI unit for lumiance?", "id": "56df912338dc421700152066", "answers": [{"text": "cd/m2", "answer_start": 877}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the CGS unit of lumiance?", "id": "56df912338dc421700152067", "answers": [{"text": "stilb", "answer_start": 918}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the amount of useful light emitted from a luminous flux measured in? ", "id": "56df912338dc421700152068", "answers": [{"text": "lumen (lm)", "answer_start": 1076}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Measurement of light or photometry is generally concerned with the amount of useful light falling on a surface and the amount of light emerging from a lamp or other source, along with the colors that can be rendered by this light. The human eye responds differently to light from different parts of the visible spectrum, therefore photometric measurements must take the luminosity function into account when measuring the amount of useful light. The basic SI unit of measurement is the candela (cd), which describes the luminous intensity, all other photometric units are derived from the candela. Luminance for instance is a measure of the density of luminous intensity in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle. The SI unit for luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m2). The CGS unit of luminance is the stilb, which is equal to one candela per square centimetre or 10 kcd/m2. The amount of useful light emitted from a source or the luminous flux is measured in lumen (lm)."}], ["Kenderaan biasanya termasuk lampu lampu dan lampu ekor. Lampu depan adalah lampu kuning putih atau terpilih yang ditempatkan di hadapan kenderaan, yang direka untuk menerangi jalan yang akan datang dan menjadikan kenderaan lebih kelihatan. Banyak perkilangan beralih ke lampu LED sebagai alternatif yang cekap tenaga kepada lampu tradisional. Lampu ekor dan brek berwarna merah dan memancarkan cahaya ke belakang untuk menunjukkan arah perjalanan kenderaan ke pemandu berikut. Lampu belakang yang menghadap ke belakang putih menunjukkan bahawa penghantaran kenderaan telah diletakkan di gear terbalik, memberi amaran kepada sesiapa di belakang kenderaan yang bergerak ke belakang, atau akan berbuat demikian. Isyarat giliran berkelip di bahagian hadapan, sebelah, dan belakang kenderaan menandakan perubahan kedudukan atau arah yang dimaksudkan. Pada akhir 1950-an, sesetengah pembuat kereta mula menggunakan teknologi electroluminescent untuk menyalakan kelajuan kereta dan tolok lain kereta mereka atau untuk menarik perhatian kepada logo atau elemen hiasan lain. <> Apa warna lampu ekor? || merah <> Apa warna lampu depan kenderaan? || putih atau terpilih kuning <> Bilakah pembuat mula menggunakan teknologi electroluminescent untuk tolok lampu latar? || lewat 1950-an <> Apa warna lampu menterbalikkan? || Putih <> Apa yang menunjukkan bahawa pemandu berniat untuk menukar posisi? || giliran isyarat", {"qas": [{"question": "What color are tail lights?", "id": "56df82b856340a1900b29ca2", "answers": [{"text": "red", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What color are headlamps on a vehicle?", "id": "56df82b856340a1900b29ca3", "answers": [{"text": "white or selective yellow", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did automakers start using electroluminescent technology to backlight gauges?", "id": "56df82b856340a1900b29ca4", "answers": [{"text": "late 1950s", "answer_start": 775}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What color are reversing indicator lamps?", "id": "56df82b856340a1900b29ca5", "answers": [{"text": "White", "answer_start": 454}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What indicates that a driver is intending to change position?", "id": "56df82b856340a1900b29ca6", "answers": [{"text": "turn signals", "answer_start": 657}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Vehicles typically include headlamps and tail lights. Headlamps are white or selective yellow lights placed in the front of the vehicle, designed to illuminate the upcoming road and to make the vehicle more visible. Many manufactures are turning to LED headlights as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional headlamps. Tail and brake lights are red and emit light to the rear so as to reveal the vehicle's direction of travel to following drivers. White rear-facing reversing lamps indicate that the vehicle's transmission has been placed in the reverse gear, warning anyone behind the vehicle that it is moving backwards, or about to do so. Flashing turn signals on the front, side, and rear of the vehicle indicate an intended change of position or direction. In the late 1950s, some automakers began to use electroluminescent technology to backlight their cars' speedometers and other gauges or to draw attention to logos or other decorative elements."}], ["Reka bentuk pencahayaan kerana ia terpakai kepada persekitaran yang dibina dikenali sebagai 'reka bentuk lampu seni bina'. Pencahayaan struktur menilai elemen estetik serta pertimbangan praktikal kuantiti cahaya yang diperlukan, penghuni struktur, kecekapan tenaga dan kos. Pencahayaan buatan mengambil kira jumlah cahaya siang yang diterima di ruang dalaman dengan menggunakan pengiraan faktor Daylight. Untuk pemasangan mudah, pengiraan tangan berdasarkan data jadual digunakan untuk menyediakan reka bentuk lampu yang boleh diterima. Reka bentuk lebih kritikal atau dioptimumkan kini secara rutin menggunakan pemodelan matematik pada komputer menggunakan perisian seperti Radiance yang boleh membenarkan seorang Arkitek dengan cepat mengusahakan pengiraan yang kompleks untuk mengkaji manfaat reka bentuk tertentu. <> Apa yang mereka bentuk kerana ia terpakai untuk persekitaran yang dibina? || reka bentuk lampu seni bina <> Adakah anda mempertimbangkan elemen estetik sahaja dalam reka bentuk lampu seni bina? || kno <> Apakah nama perisian yang kadang-kadang digunakan untuk membantu mengira keperluan lampu dalam persekitaran yang dibina? || Radiance <> Tangan-kalkulasi berasaskan jenis data apa? || tabular <> Jenis pengiraan faktor apa yang boleh digunakan untuk mengetahui berapa banyak hari yang diterima dalam ruang dalaman. || Pengiraan faktor daylight.", {"qas": [{"question": "What is designing as it applies to built environments?", "id": "56df865956340a1900b29cea", "answers": [{"text": "architectural lighting design", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Would you consider aesthetic elements alone in architectural lighting design?", "id": "56df865956340a1900b29ceb", "answers": [{"text": "kno", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the software sometimes used to help calculate lighting needs in a built environment?", "id": "56df865956340a1900b29cec", "answers": [{"text": "Radiance", "answer_start": 634}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Hand-calculations are based off of what type of data?", "id": "56df865956340a1900b29ced", "answers": [{"text": "tabular", "answer_start": 458}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of factor calculation can be used to find out how much daylight is received in a internal space.", "id": "56df865956340a1900b29cee", "answers": [{"text": "Daylight factor calculation.", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Lighting design as it applies to the built environment is known as 'architectural lighting design'. Lighting of structures considers aesthetic elements as well as practical considerations of quantity of light required, occupants of the structure, energy efficiency and cost. Artificial lighting takes into account the amount of daylight received in an internal space by using Daylight factor calculation. For simple installations, hand-calculations based on tabular data are used to provide an acceptable lighting design. More critical or optimized designs now routinely use mathematical modeling on a computer using software such as Radiance which can allow an Architect to quickly undertake complex calculations to review the benefit of a particular design."}], ["Lampu mentol yang biasa dipanggil 'lampu' adalah bahagian yang boleh ditanggalkan dan diganti dari perlawanan cahaya, yang menukar tenaga elektrik menjadi radiasi elektromagnetik. Walaupun lampu secara tradisional telah dinilai dan dipasarkan terutamanya dari segi penggunaan kuasa mereka, dinyatakan dalam watt, percambahan teknologi pencahayaan di luar mentol lampu pijar telah menghilangkan surat-menyurat watt dengan jumlah cahaya yang dihasilkan. Sebagai contoh, mentol lampu pijar 60 W menghasilkan kira-kira jumlah cahaya yang sama sebagai lampu neon padat 13 W. Setiap teknologi ini mempunyai keberkesanan yang berbeza dalam menukarkan tenaga elektrik kepada cahaya yang kelihatan. Output cahaya yang boleh dilihat biasanya diukur dalam lumen. Unit ini hanya mengira radiasi yang kelihatan, dan tidak termasuk cahaya inframerah dan ultraviolet yang tidak kelihatan. Lilin lilin menghasilkan pesanan tertutup 13 lumen, lampu kilat 60 watt menghasilkan sekitar 700 lumen, dan lampu pendarfluor padat 15 watt mengeluarkan kira-kira 800 lumen, tetapi output sebenar berbeza mengikut reka bentuk tertentu. Penarafan penarafan dan pemasaran beralih dari watt dan ke arah output lumen, untuk memberikan pembeli secara langsung yang berkaitan untuk memilih lampu. <> Apakah bahagian yang boleh ditanggalkan dan diganti dari perlawanan cahaya? || mentol lampu <> Apakah mentol lampu bertukar menjadi radiasi elektromagnetik? || tenaga elektrik <> Sebilangan besar cahaya melakukan lampu pendarfluor padat 13 W menghasilkan sama dengan mentol lampu pijar. || 60 w <> Berapa banyak lemun menghasilkan hasil lampu pendarfluor 15 watt? || 800 lumen", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the removable and replaceable part of a light fixture?", "id": "56df844f56340a1900b29cc8", "answers": [{"text": "light bulbs", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does a light bulb convert into electromagnetic radiation?", "id": "56df844f56340a1900b29cc9", "answers": [{"text": "electrical energy", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Huge much light does a 13 W compact fluorescent lamp produce equivalent to a incandescent light bulb.", "id": "56df844f56340a1900b29cca", "answers": [{"text": "60 w", "answer_start": 870}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many lemuns does a 15 watt fluorescent lamp produce?", "id": "56df844f56340a1900b29ccc", "answers": [{"text": "800 lumens", "answer_start": 975}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Commonly called 'light bulbs', lamps are the removable and replaceable part of a light fixture, which converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation. While lamps have traditionally been rated and marketed primarily in terms of their power consumption, expressed in watts, proliferation of lighting technology beyond the incandescent light bulb has eliminated the correspondence of wattage to the amount of light produced. For example, a 60 W incandescent light bulb produces about the same amount of light as a 13 W compact fluorescent lamp. Each of these technologies has a different efficacy in converting electrical energy to visible light. Visible light output is typically measured in lumens. This unit only quantifies the visible radiation, and excludes invisible infrared and ultraviolet light. A wax candle produces on the close order of 13 lumens, a 60 watt incandescent lamp makes around 700 lumens, and a 15-watt compact fluorescent lamp produces about 800 lumens, but actual output varies by specific design. Rating and marketing emphasis is shifting away from wattage and towards lumen output, to give the purchaser a directly applicable basis upon which to select a lamp."}], ["Banyak sistem kawalan yang lebih baru menggunakan standard terbuka mesh tanpa wayar (seperti ZigBee), yang menyediakan faedah termasuk pemasangan yang lebih mudah (tidak perlu menjalankan wayar kawalan) dan interoperabilitas dengan sistem kawalan bangunan berasaskan piawaian yang lain (contohnya keselamatan). <> Apakah jenis standard yang digunakan oleh sistem kawalan baru? || standard tanpa wayar mesh terbuka <> Apakah nama satu jenis sistem kawalan yang digunakan? || ZigBee <> Adakah mesh wayarles membuka standard membuat pemasangan lebih keras? || tidak", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of standard do newer control systems use? ", "id": "56df9d3c4a1a83140091eb90", "answers": [{"text": "wireless mesh open standards", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of one type of control system used? ", "id": "56df9d3c4a1a83140091eb91", "answers": [{"text": "ZigBee", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does a wireless mesh open standard make installation harder?", "id": "56df9d3c4a1a83140091eb92", "answers": [{"text": "no", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many newer control systems are using wireless mesh open standards (such as ZigBee), which provides benefits including easier installation (no need to run control wires) and interoperability with other standards-based building control systems (e.g. security)."}], ["Pengukuran tipikal cahaya telah menggunakan Dosimeter. Dosimeter mengukur pendedahan individu atau objek kepada sesuatu di alam sekitar, seperti dosimeter cahaya dan dosimeter ultraviolet. <> Apa yang biasanya digunakan untuk mengukur cahaya? || dosimeter ringan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is typically used to measure light?", "id": "56df964438dc42170015208d", "answers": [{"text": "light dosimeters", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Typical measurements of light have used a Dosimeter. Dosimeters measure an individual's or an object's exposure to something in the environment, such as light dosimeters and ultraviolet dosimeters."}], ["Untuk secara khusus mengukur jumlah cahaya yang memasuki mata, meter cahaya circadian peribadi yang disebut Daysimeter telah dibangunkan. Ini adalah peranti pertama yang dicipta untuk mengukur dengan tepat dan mencirikan cahaya (intensiti, spektrum, masa, dan tempoh) memasuki mata yang memberi kesan kepada jam badan manusia. <> Apakah yang mengukur jumlah cahaya yang memasuki mata? || Dayimeter <> A Daysimeter jenis meter peribadi apa? || meter cahaya circadian", {"qas": [{"question": "What measures the amount of light entering the eye?", "id": "56df96e138dc421700152090", "answers": [{"text": "Daysimeter", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A Daysimeter what type of personal meter?", "id": "56df96e138dc421700152092", "answers": [{"text": "circadian light meter", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In order to specifically measure the amount of light entering the eye, personal circadian light meter called the Daysimeter has been developed. This is the first device created to accurately measure and characterize light (intensity, spectrum, timing, and duration) entering the eye that affects the human body's clock."}], ["Daylighting adalah kaedah tertua pencahayaan dalaman. Daylighting hanya merancang ruang untuk menggunakan cahaya semulajadi yang mungkin. Ini mengurangkan penggunaan tenaga dan kos, dan memerlukan kurang pemanasan dan penyejukan dari bangunan. Daylighting juga telah terbukti mempunyai kesan positif terhadap pesakit di hospital serta kerja dan prestasi sekolah. Oleh kerana kekurangan maklumat yang menunjukkan penjimatan tenaga yang mungkin, skema pencahayaan siang hari masih belum popular di kalangan kebanyakan bangunan. <> Apakah kaedah tertua pencahayaan dalaman? || Daylighting <> Daylighting telah terbukti mempunyai kesan negatif pada orang? || tidak", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the oldest method of interior lighting? ", "id": "56dfa1c738dc42170015213a", "answers": [{"text": "Daylighting", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Daylighting has been proven to have negative effects on people?", "id": "56dfa1c738dc42170015213c", "answers": [{"text": "not", "answer_start": 456}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Daylighting is the oldest method of interior lighting. Daylighting is simply designing a space to use as much natural light as possible. This decreases energy consumption and costs, and requires less heating and cooling from the building. Daylighting has also been proven to have positive effects on patients in hospitals as well as work and school performance. Due to a lack of information that indicate the likely energy savings, daylighting schemes are not yet popular among most buildings."}], ["Sistem kawalan pencahayaan mengurangkan penggunaan dan kos tenaga dengan membantu memberikan cahaya hanya bila dan di mana ia diperlukan. Sistem kawalan pencahayaan biasanya memasukkan penggunaan jadual masa, kawalan penghunian, dan kawalan photocell (iaitu hari penuaian cahaya). Sesetengah sistem juga menyokong respons permintaan dan secara automatik akan meredup atau mematikan lampu untuk memanfaatkan insentif utiliti. Sistem kawalan pencahayaan kadang kala dimasukkan ke dalam sistem automasi bangunan yang lebih besar. <> Apa yang dapat membantu mengurangkan kos tenaga dan penggunaan dengan memberi cahaya hanya apabila atau di mana ia diperlukan? || Kawalan pencahayaan", {"qas": [{"question": "What can help reduce energy and usage cost by providing light only when or where it is needed? ", "id": "56df9c5038dc4217001520e4", "answers": [{"text": "Lighting control", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Lighting control systems reduce energy usage and cost by helping to provide light only when and where it is needed. Lighting control systems typically incorporate the use of time schedules, occupancy control, and photocell control (i.e.daylight harvesting). Some systems also support demand response and will automatically dim or turn off lights to take advantage of utility incentives. Lighting control systems are sometimes incorporated into larger building automation systems."}], ["Untuk menentukan sifat warna sumber cahaya, industri pencahayaan bergantung pada dua metrik, suhu warna berkorelasi (CCT), yang biasanya digunakan sebagai petunjuk \"kecerahan\" atau \"kesejukan\" yang jelas dari cahaya yang dipancarkan oleh sumber, dan indeks rendering warna (CRI), petunjuk keupayaan sumber cahaya untuk membuat objek kelihatan semula jadi. <> Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh CCT? || suhu warna berkorelasi <> Apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh CRI? || indeks penunjuk warna <> Metrik apa yang menunjukkan keupayaan lampu untuk membuat objek kelihatan semulajadi? || CRI <> Metrik apa yang menunjukkan \"kehangatan\" atau \"kesejukan\"? || CCT", {"qas": [{"question": "What does CCT stand for?", "id": "56df945038dc421700152082", "answers": [{"text": "correlated color temperature", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does CRI stand for?", "id": "56df945038dc421700152083", "answers": [{"text": "color rendering index", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What metric indicates a lights ability to make object appear natural?", "id": "56df945038dc421700152084", "answers": [{"text": "CRI", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What metric indicates \"warmth\" or \"coolness\"?", "id": "56df945038dc421700152085", "answers": [{"text": "CCT", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "To define light source color properties, the lighting industry predominantly relies on two metrics, correlated color temperature (CCT), commonly used as an indication of the apparent \"warmth\" or \"coolness\" of the light emitted by a source, and color rendering index (CRI), an indication of the light source\u2019s ability to make objects appear natural."}], ["Alat kecil yang dipasang di kepala mengukur rehat dan corak aktiviti harian individu, serta pendedahan kepada cahaya panjang gelombang pendek yang merangsang sistem circadian. Peranti mengukur aktiviti dan menyala bersama pada selang masa yang tetap dan menyimpan secara elektronik dan log suhu operasinya. The Daysimeter boleh mengumpul data sehingga 30 hari untuk analisis. <> Berapa banyak hari yang dapat dikumpul untuk dianalisis? || 30 <> Apakah jenis cahaya merangsang sistem circadian? || cahaya panjang gelombang pendek", {"qas": [{"question": "How many days can the Daysimeter gather for analysis?", "id": "56df9a3738dc4217001520bf", "answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of light stimulates the circadian system?", "id": "56df9a3738dc4217001520c0", "answers": [{"text": "short-wavelength light", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The small, head-mounted device measures an individual's daily rest and activity patterns, as well as exposure to short-wavelength light that stimulates the circadian system. The device measures activity and light together at regular time intervals and electronically stores and logs its operating temperature. The Daysimeter can gather data for up to 30 days for analysis."}], ["Sebagai contoh, untuk memenuhi harapan untuk menghasilkan warna yang baik dalam aplikasi runcit, penyelidikan mencadangkan menggunakan CRI yang mantap bersama dengan satu lagi metrik disebut indeks kawasan gamut (GAI). GAI mewakili pemisahan relatif warna objek yang diterangi oleh sumber cahaya; semakin besar GAI, semakin besar ketepuan atau ketajaman warna objek. Akibatnya, sumber cahaya yang mengimbangi kedua-dua CRI dan GAI pada umumnya lebih disukai berbanding yang mempunyai CRI yang tinggi atau hanya GAI yang tinggi. <> Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh GAI? || indeks kawasan gamut <> Pemisahan relatif warna objek yang diterangi oleh sumber cahaya dikenali sebagai? || GAI <> Akankah GAI yang lebih rendah bermakna ketepuan jelas atau jelas warna objek? || apa", {"qas": [{"question": "What does GAI stand for?", "id": "56df95d44a1a83140091eb7e", "answers": [{"text": "gamut area index", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The relative separating of object colors illuminated by a light source is known as?", "id": "56df95d44a1a83140091eb80", "answers": [{"text": "GAI", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Would a lower GAI mean higher apparent saturation or vividness of object colors?", "id": "56df95d44a1a83140091eb81", "answers": [{"text": "ano", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "For example, in order to meet the expectations for good color rendering in retail applications, research suggests using the well-established CRI along with another metric called gamut area index (GAI). GAI represents the relative separation of object colors illuminated by a light source; the greater the GAI, the greater the apparent saturation or vividness of the object colors. As a result, light sources which balance both CRI and GAI are generally preferred over ones that have only high CRI or only high GAI."}], ["Spesifikasi keperluan pencahayaan adalah konsep dasar untuk menentukan berapa banyak pencahayaan yang diperlukan untuk tugas tertentu. Jelas sekali, cahaya yang lebih kurang diperlukan untuk menerangi lorong berbanding dengan yang diperlukan untuk stesen kerja pemprosesan perkataan. Secara umumnya, tenaga yang digunakan adalah berkadar dengan tahap pencahayaan reka bentuk. Sebagai contoh, tahap pencahayaan 400 lux mungkin dipilih untuk persekitaran kerja yang melibatkan bilik mesyuarat dan persidangan, manakala tahap 80 lux boleh dipilih untuk membina lorong. Sekiranya standard lorong hanya meniru keperluan bilik persidangan, maka lebih banyak tenaga akan dimakan daripada yang diperlukan. Malangnya, kebanyakan piawaian pencahayaan pada hari ini telah ditentukan oleh kumpulan perindustrian yang mengeluarkan dan menjual pencahayaan, supaya bias komersial bersejarah wujud dalam merancang pencahayaan bangunan yang paling, khususnya untuk pengaturan pejabat dan perindustrian. <> Apakah konsep asas untuk menentukan berapa banyak pencahayaan diperlukan untuk tugas tertentu? || Spesifikasi keperluan pencahayaan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a basic concept of deciding how much illumination is required for a given task? ", "id": "56df9b7338dc4217001520d1", "answers": [{"text": "Specification of illumination requirements", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Specification of illumination requirements is the basic concept of deciding how much illumination is required for a given task. Clearly, much less light is required to illuminate a hallway compared to that needed for a word processing work station. Generally speaking, the energy expended is proportional to the design illumination level. For example, a lighting level of 400 lux might be chosen for a work environment involving meeting rooms and conferences, whereas a level of 80 lux could be selected for building hallways. If the hallway standard simply emulates the conference room needs, then much more energy will be consumed than is needed. Unfortunately, most of the lighting standards even today have been specified by industrial groups who manufacture and sell lighting, so that a historical commercial bias exists in designing most building lighting, especially for office and industrial settings."}], ["Sensor pendudukan untuk membenarkan operasi untuk setiap orang di kawasan yang diimbas dapat mengawal pencahayaan. Apabila gerakan tidak dapat dikesan lagi, lampu mati. Sensor inframerah pasif bertindak balas terhadap perubahan haba, seperti corak yang dicipta oleh orang yang bergerak. Kawalan mesti mempunyai pandangan yang tidak terhalang tentang kawasan bangunan yang diimbas. Pintu, sekatan, tangga, dan sebagainya akan menghalang pengesanan gerakan dan mengurangkan keberkesanannya. Aplikasi terbaik untuk sensor penghunian inframerah pasif adalah ruang terbuka dengan pandangan yang jelas mengenai kawasan yang diimbas. Sensor ultrasonik menghantar bunyi di atas pelbagai pendengaran manusia dan memantau masa yang diperlukan untuk gelombang bunyi untuk kembali. Pecah corak yang disebabkan oleh mana-mana gerakan di kawasan itu mencetuskan kawalan. Sensor ultrasonik dapat melihat sekitar halangan dan paling sesuai untuk kawasan dengan kabinet dan rak, tandas, dan kawasan terbuka yang memerlukan perlindungan 360 darjah. Sesetengah sensor penghuni menggunakan kedua-dua teknologi pasif inframerah dan ultrasonik, tetapi biasanya lebih mahal. Mereka boleh digunakan untuk mengawal satu lampu, satu perlawanan atau banyak lekapan. <> Apakah sensor mengendalikan cahaya dengan sensor gerakan? || Sensor penghuni <> Apa tindak balas sensor inframerah pasif? || Perubahan haba <> Jenis sensor apa yang menghantar bunyi di atas liputan pendengaran manusia? || Sensor ultrasonik <> Adakah anda ingin menggunakan sensor inframerah pasif di kawasan yang memerlukan perlindungan 360 darjah? || tidak", {"qas": [{"question": "What sensor controls light with motion sensors? ", "id": "56df9fbe38dc421700152112", "answers": [{"text": "Occupancy sensors", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does a passive infrared sensor react to? ", "id": "56df9fbe38dc421700152113", "answers": [{"text": "changes in heat", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of sensor transmits sound above the range of human hearing?", "id": "56df9fbe38dc421700152114", "answers": [{"text": "Ultrasonic sensors", "answer_start": 566}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Would you want to use passive infrared sensor in a area requiring 360-degree coverage?", "id": "56df9fbe38dc421700152115", "answers": [{"text": "no", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Occupancy sensors to allow operation for whenever someone is within the area being scanned can control lighting. When motion can no longer be detected, the lights shut off. Passive infrared sensors react to changes in heat, such as the pattern created by a moving person. The control must have an unobstructed view of the building area being scanned. Doors, partitions, stairways, etc. will block motion detection and reduce its effectiveness. The best applications for passive infrared occupancy sensors are open spaces with a clear view of the area being scanned. Ultrasonic sensors transmit sound above the range of human hearing and monitor the time it takes for the sound waves to return. A break in the pattern caused by any motion in the area triggers the control. Ultrasonic sensors can see around obstructions and are best for areas with cabinets and shelving, restrooms, and open areas requiring 360-degree coverage. Some occupancy sensors utilize both passive infrared and ultrasonic technology, but are usually more expensive. They can be used to control one lamp, one fixture or many fixtures."}], ["Di luar faktor tenaga yang dipertimbangkan, adalah penting untuk tidak menerangi pencahayaan yang lebih, supaya kesan kesihatan yang buruk seperti kekerapan sakit kepala, stres, dan peningkatan tekanan darah akan disebabkan oleh tahap pencahayaan yang lebih tinggi. Di samping itu, silau atau cahaya yang berlebihan dapat mengurangkan kecekapan pekerja. <> Apa yang boleh menyebabkan kesan kesihatan seperti frekuensi sakit kepala? || tahap pencahayaan yang lebih tinggi", {"qas": [{"question": "What can cause health effects such headache frequency?", "id": "56dfa3d938dc42170015215e", "answers": [{"text": "higher lighting levels", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beyond the energy factors being considered, it is important not to over-design illumination, lest adverse health effects such as headache frequency, stress, and increased blood pressure be induced by the higher lighting levels. In addition, glare or excess light can decrease worker efficiency."}], ["Dalam tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini, pemancar cahaya diod (LED) menjadi semakin cekap menyebabkan peningkatan luar biasa dalam penggunaan lampu pepejal keadaan. Dalam banyak keadaan, mengawal pelepasan cahaya LED boleh dilakukan dengan berkesan dengan menggunakan prinsip optik tanpa pengimejan. <> Apakah bentuk pencahayaan keadaan pepejal? || LED <> Apakah cara terbaik untuk mengawal pelepasan cahaya LED? || tanpa optik", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a form of solid state lighting?", "id": "56dfa2bc38dc42170015214c", "answers": [{"text": "LEDs", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the best way to control light emissions of LEDs?", "id": "56dfa2bc38dc42170015214d", "answers": [{"text": "nonimaging optics", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In recent years light emitting diodes (LEDs) are becoming increasingly efficient leading to an extraordinary increase in the use of solid state lighting. In many situations, controlling the light emission of LEDs may be done most effectively by using the principles of nonimaging optics."}], ["Lampu LED telah dianjurkan sebagai kaedah pencahayaan alam sekitar yang terbaik dan terbaik. Menurut Tenaga Tabung Amanah, lampu LED hanya menggunakan kuasa 10% dibandingkan dengan mentol pijar piawai, di mana lampu pendarfluor padat menggunakan 20% dan lampu halogen penjimatan tenaga 70%. Hayatnya juga lebih lama - sehingga 50,000 jam. Kelemahan masih kos awal, yang lebih tinggi daripada lampu pendarfluor padat. <> Berapakah kuasa yang lebih besar menggunakan penggunaan mentol pijar piawai berbanding dengan LED? || 10% <> Apakah jangka hayat purata CFL? || 50,000 jam <> Berapakah kuasa yang dapat dilakukan dengan lampu halogen berbanding dengan blub standard? || 70%", {"qas": [{"question": "How much more power does a standard incandescent bulb use compared to LED?", "id": "56dfb65b7aa994140058e03f", "answers": [{"text": "10%", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average lifetime of a CFL?", "id": "56dfb65b7aa994140058e041", "answers": [{"text": "50,000 hours", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much power does a halogen lamp save compared to a standard blub?", "id": "56dfb65b7aa994140058e042", "answers": [{"text": "70%", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "LED lamps have been advocated as the newest and best environmental lighting method. According to the Energy Saving Trust, LED lamps use only 10% power compared to a standard incandescent bulb, where compact fluorescent lamps use 20% and energy saving halogen lamps 70%. The lifetime is also much longer \u2014 up to 50,000 hours. A downside is still the initial cost, which is higher than that of compact fluorescent lamps."}], ["Pencemaran cahaya adalah masalah yang semakin meningkat sebagai tindak balas terhadap cahaya yang berlebihan yang diberikan oleh banyak tanda, rumah, dan bangunan. Cahaya pencucian biasanya membuang cahaya yang melibatkan kos tenaga yang tidak perlu dan pelepasan karbon dioksida. Pencemaran cahaya digambarkan sebagai cahaya tiruan yang berlebihan atau mengganggu di mana ia tidak dikehendaki. Lampu yang direka dengan baik menghantar cahaya hanya di mana ia diperlukan tanpa menyebarkannya di tempat lain. Pencahayaan yang kurang direka bentuk juga boleh menjejaskan keselamatan. Sebagai contoh, silau mencipta isu keselamatan di sekitar bangunan dengan menyebabkan bayang-bayang yang sangat tajam, sementara membutakan orang yang membuat mereka mudah terdedah kepada penyerang. <> Apa yang dikenali sebagai cahaya buatan yang berlebihan atau mengganggu? || Pencemaran cahaya <> Apa yang menyebabkan bayang-bayang tajam di sekitar bangunan? || silau", {"qas": [{"question": "What is known as artificial light that is excessive or intrusive?", "id": "56dfbac5231d4119001abd34", "answers": [{"text": "Light pollution", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What causes sharp shadows around buildings? ", "id": "56dfbac5231d4119001abd36", "answers": [{"text": "glare", "answer_start": 487}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Light pollution is a growing problem in reaction to excess light being given off by numerous signs, houses, and buildings. Polluting light is often wasted light involving unnecessary energy costs and carbon dioxide emissions. Light pollution is described as artificial light that is excessive or intrudes where it is not wanted. Well-designed lighting sends light only where it is needed without scattering it elsewhere. Poorly designed lighting can also compromise safety. For example, glare creates safety issues around buildings by causing very sharp shadows, temporarily blinding passersby making them vulnerable to would-be assailants."}], ["Dari segi tentera, pencahayaan adalah bahagian penting dalam medan pertempuran. Bayang-bayang adalah tempat yang baik untuk disembunyikan, sementara kawasan terang lebih terdedah. Seringkali memberi manfaat untuk bertarung dengan Matahari atau sumber cahaya lain di belakang anda, memberikan pandangan silap mata musuh anda dan menyembunyikan sebahagian gerakan anda sendiri di latar. Sekiranya cahaya semulajadi tidak ada lampu sorot dan suar boleh digunakan. Walau bagaimanapun penggunaan cahaya mungkin mendedahkan kedudukan tersembunyi anda sendiri dan peperangan moden telah melihat peningkatan penggunaan penglihatan malam melalui penggunaan kamera inframerah dan pengintip imej. <> Di medan perang tidak mempunyai cahaya semula jadi apa yang boleh anda gunakan? || lampu sorot dan suar <> Penggunaan apa yang boleh mendedahkan kedudukan tersembunyi anda di medan perang? || cahaya <> Perang moden telah melihat peningkatan penggunaan apa? || kamera inframerah", {"qas": [{"question": "In a battlefield does not have natural light what could you use instead? ", "id": "56dfbc1d231d4119001abd47", "answers": [{"text": "searchlights and flares", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The use of what may disclose your own hidden position on a battlefield? ", "id": "56dfbc1d231d4119001abd48", "answers": [{"text": "light", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Modern warfare has seen the increased use of what? ", "id": "56dfbc1d231d4119001abd49", "answers": [{"text": "infrared cameras", "answer_start": 542}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From a military standpoint, lighting is a critical part of the battlefield conditions. Shadows are good places to hide, while bright areas are more exposed. It is often beneficial to fight with the Sun or other light source behind you, giving your enemy disturbing visual glare and partially hiding your own movements in backlight. If natural light is not present searchlights and flares can be used. However the use of light may disclose your own hidden position and modern warfare have seen increased use of night vision through the use of infrared cameras and image intensifiers."}], ["Lampu pendarfluor yang padat (aka 'CFLs') menggunakan kuasa yang kurang untuk membekalkan jumlah cahaya yang sama sebagai lampu pijar, namun ia mengandungi merkuri yang membahayakan bahaya. Disebabkan keupayaan untuk mengurangkan penggunaan elektrik, banyak organisasi telah mengambil langkah-langkah untuk menggalakkan penggunaan CFL. Sesetengah utiliti elektrik dan kerajaan tempatan telah memberi subsidi CFLs atau membebaskan mereka kepada pelanggan sebagai cara mengurangkan permintaan elektrik. Untuk output cahaya yang diberikan, CFLs menggunakan antara seperlima dan seperempat kuasa lampu pijar yang bersamaan. Salah satu cara yang paling mudah dan paling mudah bagi sesebuah rumahtangga atau perniagaan untuk menjadi lebih cekap tenaga adalah dengan menggunakan CFLs sebagai sumber lampu utama, seperti yang dicadangkan oleh Alliance for Climate Protection. Tidak seperti lampu pijar CFL memerlukan sedikit masa untuk 'memanaskan' dan mencapai kecerahan penuh. Penjagaan perlu diambil apabila memilih CFL kerana tidak semuanya sesuai untuk dimming. <> Apakah CFL berdiri? || Lampu kalimantang padat <> Adakah semua CFLs sesuai untuk dimming? || tidak", {"qas": [{"question": "What does CFL stand for?", "id": "56dfb498231d4119001abc8d", "answers": [{"text": "Compact fluorescent lamps", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Are all CFLs suitable for dimming?", "id": "56dfb498231d4119001abc91", "answers": [{"text": "not", "answer_start": 894}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Compact fluorescent lamps (aka 'CFLs') use less power to supply the same amount of light as an incandescent lamp, however they contain mercury which is a dispose hazard. Due to the ability to reduce electric consumption, many organizations have undertaken measures to encourage the adoption of CFLs. Some electric utilities and local governments have subsidized CFLs or provided them free to customers as a means of reducing electric demand. For a given light output, CFLs use between one fifth and one quarter of the power of an equivalent incandescent lamp. One of the simplest and quickest ways for a household or business to become more energy efficient is to adopt CFLs as the main lamp source, as suggested by the Alliance for Climate Protection. Unlike incandescent lamps CFL's need a little time to 'warm up' and reach full brightness. Care should be taken when selecting CFL's because not all of them are suitable for dimming."}], ["Alison Jing Xu, penolong profesor pengurusan di University of Toronto Scarborough dan Aparna Labroo dari Northwestern University telah menjalankan beberapa kajian menganalisis hubungan antara pencahayaan dan emosi manusia. Para penyelidik meminta para peserta menilai beberapa perkara seperti: kepelbagaian sayap sayap ayam, agresif watak fiksyen, betapa menariknya seseorang, perasaan mereka tentang kata-kata khusus, dan rasa dua jus-semua di bawah pencahayaan yang berlainan keadaan. Dalam kajian mereka, mereka mendapati bahawa kedua-dua emosi manusia positif dan negatif dirasakan dengan lebih mendalam dalam cahaya terang. Profesor Xu menyatakan, \"kami mendapati bahawa pada hari-hari yang cerah kemurungan orang-orang yang depresi sebenarnya menjadi lebih tertekan.\" Mereka juga mendapati bahawa cahaya redup membuat orang membuat keputusan lebih rasional dan menyelesaikan rundingan dengan lebih mudah. Dalam gelap, emosi sedikit ditindas. Walau bagaimanapun, emosi dipergiatkan dalam cahaya terang. <> Apa Universiti Alision Jing Xu pembantu profesor pengurusan di? || University of Toronto Scarborough <> Apa kejayaan yang Aparna Labroo dikaitkan dengan? || Universiti Northwestern", {"qas": [{"question": "What University was Alision Jing Xu the assistant professor of management at?", "id": "56dfa8ab231d4119001abc51", "answers": [{"text": "University of Toronto Scarborough", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Univerity was Aparna Labroo associated with?", "id": "56dfa8ab231d4119001abc52", "answers": [{"text": "Northwestern University", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Alison Jing Xu, assistant professor of management at the University of Toronto Scarborough and Aparna Labroo of Northwestern University conducted a series of studies analyzing the correlation between lighting and human emotion. The researchers asked participants to rate a number of things such as: the spiciness of chicken-wing sauce, the aggressiveness of a fictional character, how attractive someone was, their feelings about specific words, and the taste of two juices\u2013all under different lighting conditions. In their study, they found that both positive and negative human emotions are felt more intensely in bright light. Professor Xu stated, \"we found that on sunny days depression-prone people actually become more depressed.\" They also found that dim light makes people make more rational decisions and settle negotiations easier. In the dark, emotions are slightly suppressed. However, emotions are intensified in the bright light."}], ["Satu kajian yang dijalankan pada tahun 1972 dan 1981, yang didokumenkan oleh Robert Ulrich, meninjau 23 pesakit pembedahan yang diberikan kepada bilik-bilik yang memandang di tempat kejadian semula jadi. Kajian itu menyimpulkan bahawa pesakit yang ditugaskan ke bilik-bilik dengan tingkap yang membolehkan banyak cahaya semulajadi mempunyai hospital bersebelahan yang lebih pendek, mendapat sedikit komen negatif negatif dalam catatan jururawat, dan mengambil lebih sedikit analegesics lebih kuat daripada 23 pesakit yang dipadankan di bilik-bilik yang sama dengan tingkap yang menghadap dinding bata. Kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa disebabkan sifat pemandangan dan pendedahan siang hari memang sihat untuk pesakit berbanding dengan yang terdedah kepada sedikit cahaya dari dinding batu bata. Sebagai tambahan kepada peningkatan prestasi kerja, penggunaan tingkap dan siang hari yang tepat melintasi sempadan antara estetika murni dan kesihatan keseluruhan. <> Siapa yang mendokumenkan 23 pesakit pembedahan bilik yang ditugaskan memandang di tempat kejadian semula jadi? || Robert Ulrich <> Adakah pesakit dengan adegan semulajadi mempunyai hospital pasca operasi yang lebih lama? || tidak <> Adakah pesakit yang mempunyai pemandangan semulajadi memerlukan analgesik yang lebih kuat? || tidak", {"qas": [{"question": "Who documented 23 surgical patients assigned rooms looking out on a natural scene?", "id": "56dfa6de7aa994140058df99", "answers": [{"text": "Robert Ulrich", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Did the patients with natural scenes have longer postoperative hospital stays?", "id": "56dfa6de7aa994140058df9a", "answers": [{"text": "no", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Did patients that have natural scenes require more potent analgesics?", "id": "56dfa6de7aa994140058df9b", "answers": [{"text": "no", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A study conducted in 1972 and 1981, documented by Robert Ulrich, surveyed 23 surgical patients assigned to rooms looking out on a natural scene. The study concluded that patients assigned to rooms with windows allowing lots of natural light had shorter postoperative hospital stays, received fewer negative evaluative comments in nurses\u2019 notes, and took fewer potent analegesics than 23 matched patients in similar rooms with windows facing a brick wall. This study suggests that due to the nature of the scenery and daylight exposure was indeed healthier for patients as opposed to those exposed to little light from the brick wall. In addition to increased work performance, proper usage of windows and daylighting crosses the boundaries between pure aesthetics and overall health."}], ["Pada tahun 1849, Dr. Abraham Gesner, seorang ahli geologi Kanada, mencipta satu kaedah di mana minyak tanah boleh disuling daripada petroleum. Kaedah arang batu terdahulu telah digunakan untuk pencahayaan sejak tahun 1820-an, tetapi mereka mahal. Kerosakan Gesner adalah murah, mudah untuk dihasilkan, boleh dibakar dalam lampu yang ada, dan tidak menghasilkan bau yang menyinggung seperti minyak ikan paus yang paling banyak. Ia boleh disimpan selama-lamanya, tidak seperti minyak ikan paus, yang akhirnya akan merosakkan. Ledakan petroleum Amerika bermula pada tahun 1850-an. Pada penghujung dekad terdapat 30 kilang minyak tanah yang beroperasi di Amerika Syarikat. Bahan bakar yang lebih murah dan lebih efisien mula memacu minyak ikan paus dari pasaran. John D. Rockefeller bertanggungjawab sepenuhnya terhadap kejayaan komersil minyak tanah. Beliau mendirikan rangkaian penyulingan minyak tanah yang kemudiannya menjadi Standard Oil, sehingga sepenuhnya menghapuskan keperluan lampu minyak ikan paus. Jenis-jenis lampu boleh menangkap api atau memancarkan karbon-monoksida dan kadang-kadang berbau sehingga menjadikannya bermasalah bagi orang asma. <> Apa yang membuat kaedah di mana minyak tanah boleh disuling daripada petroleum? || Dr. Abraham Gesner <> Tahun berapa ia mendapati bahawa minyak bumi boleh disuling menjadi minyak tanah? || 1849 <> Apakah kaedah pencahayaan yang telah digunakan sejak 1820-an? || kaedah arang batu", {"qas": [{"question": "What devised a method where kerosene could be distilled from petroleum?", "id": "56dfa9c67aa994140058dfb3", "answers": [{"text": "Dr. Abraham Gesner", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was it discovered that petroleum could be distilled into kerosene? ", "id": "56dfa9c67aa994140058dfb4", "answers": [{"text": "1849", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What method of lighting have been used since 1820s?", "id": "56dfa9c67aa994140058dfb5", "answers": [{"text": "coal-gas methods", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1849, Dr. Abraham Gesner, a Canadian geologist, devised a method where kerosene could be distilled from petroleum. Earlier coal-gas methods had been used for lighting since the 1820s, but they were expensive. Gesner's kerosene was cheap, easy to produce, could be burned in existing lamps, and did not produce an offensive odor as did most whale oil. It could be stored indefinitely, unlike whale oil, which would eventually spoil. The American petroleum boom began in the 1850s. By the end of the decade there were 30 kerosene plants operating in the United States. The cheaper, more efficient fuel began to drive whale oil out of the market. John D. Rockefeller was most responsible for the commercial success of kerosene. He set up a network of kerosene distilleries which would later become Standard Oil, thus completely abolishing the need for whale-oil lamps. These types of lamps may catch fire or emit carbon-monoxide and sometimes are odorous making them problematic for asthmatic people."}], ["Analisis kualiti pencahayaan terutama menekankan penggunaan lampu semula jadi, tetapi juga menganggap kandungan spektrum jika cahaya buatan digunakan. Bukan sahaja pergantungan yang lebih besar terhadap cahaya semulajadi mengurangkan penggunaan tenaga, tetapi akan memberi kesan yang baik kepada kesihatan dan prestasi manusia. Kajian baru telah menunjukkan bahawa prestasi pelajar dipengaruhi oleh masa dan tempoh siang dalam jadual tetap mereka. Merekabentuk kemudahan sekolah untuk menggabungkan jenis cahaya yang tepat pada masa yang sesuai untuk masa yang lama dapat meningkatkan prestasi pelajar dan kesejahteraan. Begitu juga dengan merancang sistem pencahayaan yang memaksimumkan jumlah cahaya yang sesuai pada waktu yang sesuai untuk orang tua dapat membantu melegakan gejala Penyakit Alzheimer. Sistem sirkadian manusia terikat pada pola cahaya gelap 24 jam yang meniru cahaya bumi / corak gelap semulajadi. Apabila pola tersebut terganggu, mereka mengganggu kitaran sirkadian semulajadi. Gangguan sirkadian dapat menyebabkan banyak masalah kesihatan termasuk kanser payudara, gangguan afektif musiman, sindrom fase tidur tertunda, dan penyakit lain. <> Memaksimumkan jumlah cahaya yang sesuai pada masa yang sesuai untuk orang tua boleh membantu sistem apa? || Penyakit Alzheimer <> Sistem sirkadian manusia terikat kepada berapa jam corak cahaya gelap? || 24 <> Apa yang berlaku kepada kitaran carcidan semulajadi apabila pola cahaya gelap terganggu? || mengganggu kitaran circadian semulajadi", {"qas": [{"question": "Maximizing the right amount of light at the appropriate time for elderly may help systems of what? ", "id": "56dfa58d7aa994140058df7e", "answers": [{"text": "Alzheimer's Disease", "answer_start": 733}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The human circadian system is entrained to how many hours light-dark pattern?", "id": "56dfa58d7aa994140058df7f", "answers": [{"text": "24", "answer_start": 799}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happens to the natural carcidan cycle when light-dark patterns are disrupted?", "id": "56dfa58d7aa994140058df80", "answers": [{"text": "disrupt the natural circadian cycle", "answer_start": 918}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Analysis of lighting quality particularly emphasizes use of natural lighting, but also considers spectral content if artificial light is to be used. Not only will greater reliance on natural light reduce energy consumption, but will favorably impact human health and performance. New studies have shown that the performance of students is influenced by the time and duration of daylight in their regular schedules. Designing school facilities to incorporate the right types of light at the right time of day for the right duration may improve student performance and well-being. Similarly, designing lighting systems that maximize the right amount of light at the appropriate time of day for the elderly may help relieve symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. The human circadian system is entrained to a 24-hour light-dark pattern that mimics the earth\u2019s natural light/dark pattern. When those patterns are disrupted, they disrupt the natural circadian cycle. Circadian disruption may lead to numerous health problems including breast cancer, seasonal affective disorder, delayed sleep phase syndrome, and other ailments."}], ["Nyalaan juga boleh digunakan oleh tentera untuk menandakan kedudukan, biasanya untuk penargetan, tetapi senjata laser-dipandu dan GPS telah menghapuskan keperluan ini untuk sebahagian besar. <> Apa yang boleh digunakan oleh tentera untuk penargetan? || Nyalaan <> Apa yang telah menghapuskan keperluan untuk suar di medan perang? || senapang laser dan senjata GPS", {"qas": [{"question": "What can be used by military for targeting?", "id": "56dfbc8c231d4119001abd4f", "answers": [{"text": "Flares", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has eliminated the need for flares on a battlefield?", "id": "56dfbc8c231d4119001abd50", "answers": [{"text": "laser-guided and GPS weapons", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Flares can also be used by the military to mark positions, usually for targeting, but laser-guided and GPS weapons have eliminated this need for the most part."}], ["Persatuan Pereka Pencahayaan Antarabangsa (IALD) adalah sebuah organisasi yang memberi tumpuan kepada kemajuan pendidikan reka bentuk lampu dan pengiktirafan pereka pencahayaan profesional bebas. Pereka yang bebas sepenuhnya yang memenuhi syarat untuk keanggotaan profesional dalam persatuan biasanya memasukkan singkatan IALD kepada nama mereka. <> Apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh IALD? || Persatuan Pereka Pencahayaan Antarabangsa", {"qas": [{"question": "What does IALD stand for?", "id": "56dfbf1c7aa994140058e0fd", "answers": [{"text": "The International Association of Lighting Designers", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD) is an organization which focuses on the advancement of lighting design education and the recognition of independent professional lighting designers. Those fully independent designers who meet the requirements for professional membership in the association typically append the abbreviation IALD to their name."}], ["Suruhanjaya Pencahayaan Antarabangsa (CIE) adalah pihak berkuasa antarabangsa dan organisasi penentuan standard mengenai warna dan pencahayaan. Menerbitkan metrik standard yang digunakan secara meluas seperti pelbagai ruang warna CIE dan indeks rendering warna. <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh CIE? || Suruhanjaya Antarabangsa mengenai Pencahayaan", {"qas": [{"question": "What does the CIE stand for?", "id": "56dfbd4e7aa994140058e0d1", "answers": [{"text": "International Commission on Illumination", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) is an international authority and standard defining organization on color and lighting. Publishing widely used standard metrics such as various CIE color spaces and the color rendering index."}], ["Persatuan Pereka Pencahayaan Profesional (PLDA), yang dahulunya dikenali sebagai ELDA, adalah sebuah organisasi yang memberi tumpuan kepada promosi profesion Reka Bentuk Lampu Senibina. Mereka menerbitkan buletin bulanan dan mengatur acara yang berbeza di seluruh dunia. <> Apa yang dimaksud dengan PLDA? || Persatuan Pereka Pencahayaan Profesional <> Apakah PLDA yang dahulu dikenali? || ELDA", {"qas": [{"question": "What does PLDA stand for?", "id": "56dfbfd97aa994140058e109", "answers": [{"text": "The Professional Lighting Designers Association", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the PLDA formerly known as?", "id": "56dfbfd97aa994140058e10a", "answers": [{"text": "ELDA", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Professional Lighting Designers Association (PLDA), formerly known as ELDA is an organisation focusing on the promotion of the profession of Architectural Lighting Design. They publish a monthly newsletter and organise different events throughout the world."}], ["Persatuan Kejuruteraan Illuminasi Amerika Utara (IESNA), bersempena dengan organisasi seperti ANSI dan ASHRAE, menerbitkan garis panduan, piawaian, dan buku panduan yang membolehkan pengkategorian keperluan pencahayaan persekitaran yang dibina berbeza. Pengilang peralatan pencahayaan menerbitkan data fotometrik untuk produk mereka, yang mentakrifkan pengedaran cahaya yang dikeluarkan oleh luminaire tertentu. Data ini biasanya dinyatakan dalam bentuk standard yang ditakrifkan oleh IESNA. <> Apa yang berdiri untuk IESNA? || Persatuan Kejuruteraan Illuminating Amerika Utara <> Siapa lagi menerbitkan bersama-sama dengan IESNA? || ANSI dan ASHRAE <> Apa yang mentakrifkan data metrik foto? || pengedaran cahaya yang dilepaskan", {"qas": [{"question": "What does the IESNA stand for? ", "id": "56dfbe777aa994140058e0e1", "answers": [{"text": "The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who else publishes along with IESNA? ", "id": "56dfbe777aa994140058e0e2", "answers": [{"text": "ANSI and ASHRAE", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What defines photo metric data?", "id": "56dfbe777aa994140058e0e4", "answers": [{"text": "distribution of light released", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), in conjunction with organizations like ANSI and ASHRAE, publishes guidelines, standards, and handbooks that allow categorization of the illumination needs of different built environments. Manufacturers of lighting equipment publish photometric data for their products, which defines the distribution of light released by a specific luminaire. This data is typically expressed in standardized form defined by the IESNA."}], ["Majlis Kebangsaan mengenai Kelayakan untuk Profesional Pencahayaan (NCQLP) menawarkan Pemeriksaan Pensijilan Pencahayaan yang menguji prinsip-prinsip reka bentuk lampu asas. Individu yang lulus ujian ini menjadi 'Certified Lighting' dan boleh menambahkan singkatan LC kepada nama mereka. Proses pensijilan ini adalah satu daripada tiga peperiksaan kebangsaan (AS) (yang lain adalah CLEP dan CLMC) dalam industri pencahayaan dan terbuka bukan sahaja kepada pereka, tetapi untuk pencahayaan peralatan pengeluar, pekerja utiliti elektrik, dan lain-lain <> Siapa yang menawarkan Lampu Peperiksaan Persijilan? || NCQLP <> Apakah NCQLP berdiri? || Majlis Kebangsaan mengenai Kelayakan untuk Profesyen Pencahayaan <> Singkatan mana yang boleh anda masukkan ke nama anda selepas menjadi Certified Lighting? || LC <> Apakah pemeriksaan kebangsaan yang lain boleh didapati? || CLEP dan CLMC", {"qas": [{"question": "Who offers the Lighting Certification Examination? ", "id": "56dfc0b67aa994140058e123", "answers": [{"text": "NCQLP", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does NCQLP stand for?", "id": "56dfc0b67aa994140058e124", "answers": [{"text": "The National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which abbreviation can you append to your name after becoming Lighting Certified?", "id": "56dfc0b67aa994140058e125", "answers": [{"text": "LC", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other national examinations are available?", "id": "56dfc0b67aa994140058e126", "answers": [{"text": "CLEP and CLMC", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions (NCQLP) offers the Lighting Certification Examination which tests rudimentary lighting design principles. Individuals who pass this exam become \u2018Lighting Certified\u2019 and may append the abbreviation LC to their name. This certification process is one of three national (U.S.) examinations (the others are CLEP and CLMC) in the lighting industry and is open not only to designers, but to lighting equipment manufacturers, electric utility employees, etc."}], ["Persatuan Pencahayaan dan Suara Profesional (PLASA) adalah organisasi perdagangan yang berpangkalan di United Kingdom mewakili 500+ individu dan ahli korporat yang diambil dari sektor perkhidmatan teknikal. Ahli-ahlinya termasuk pengilang dan pengedar tahap pencahayaan panggung dan hiburan, bunyi, penipuan dan produk dan perkhidmatan yang serupa, dan ahli profesional di kawasan tersebut. Mereka melobi dan mewakili kepentingan industri di pelbagai peringkat, berinteraksi dengan badan kerajaan dan pengawalseliaan dan menyampaikan kes untuk industri hiburan. Contoh subjek perwakilan ini termasuk kajian semula frekuensi radio yang berterusan (yang mungkin atau mungkin tidak mempengaruhi jalur radio di mana mikrofon tanpa wayar dan peranti lain menggunakan) dan melibatkan diri dengan isu-isu yang berkaitan dengan pengenalan Peraturan RoHS (Sekatan Bahan Bahaya Berbahaya) . <> Apakah PLASA berdiri? || Persatuan Pencahayaan dan Suara Profesional <> Dimana PLASA berdasarkan? || UK <> Berapa banyak individu yang mewakili PLASA? || 500+ <> Apa itu RoHS? || Sekatan Arahan Bahan Berbahaya", {"qas": [{"question": "What does PLASA stand for? ", "id": "56dfc1797aa994140058e12b", "answers": [{"text": "The Professional Lighting And Sound Association", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is PLASA based?", "id": "56dfc1797aa994140058e12c", "answers": [{"text": "UK", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many individuals does PLASA represent?", "id": "56dfc1797aa994140058e12d", "answers": [{"text": "500+", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does RoHS stand for?", "id": "56dfc1797aa994140058e12e", "answers": [{"text": "Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive", "answer_start": 807}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Professional Lighting And Sound Association (PLASA) is a UK-based trade organisation representing the 500+ individual and corporate members drawn from the technical services sector. Its members include manufacturers and distributors of stage and entertainment lighting, sound, rigging and similar products and services, and affiliated professionals in the area. They lobby for and represent the interests of the industry at various levels, interacting with government and regulating bodies and presenting the case for the entertainment industry. Example subjects of this representation include the ongoing review of radio frequencies (which may or may not affect the radio bands in which wireless microphones and other devices use) and engaging with the issues surrounding the introduction of the RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive) regulations."}]], [["Kongres boleh menubuhkan \"mahkamah perundangan,\" yang tidak mengambil bentuk badan kehakiman atau komisen, yang anggotanya tidak mempunyai hak kepemilikan atau pampasan yang sama seperti hakim-hakim mahkamah perlembagaan. Mahkamah perundangan tidak boleh menjalankan kuasa kehakiman Amerika Syarikat. Di Murray's Lessee v. Hoboken Land & Improvement Co. (1856), Mahkamah Agung berpendapat bahawa mahkamah perundangan tidak boleh memutuskan \"saman di undang-undang biasa, atau dalam ekuiti, atau admiralty,\" kerana saman sedemikian adalah kehakiman. Mahkamah perundangan hanya boleh mengadili soalan \"hak awam\" (kes di antara kerajaan dan penentuan individu dan politik). <> Apakah jenis gelanggang yang dibuat oleh kongres? || mahkamah perundangan <> Apakah kuasa mahkamah perundangan yang tidak dibenarkan bersenam? || kuasa kehakiman Amerika Syarikat <> Jenis gelanggang yang mana yang ditubuhkan oleh Hoboken Land & Improvement CO.? || <> Bentuk manakah yang dilakukan oleh pengadilan perundangan? || <> Yang mana kuasa Amerika Syarikat boleh menjalankan mahkamah perundangan? || <> Soalan-soalan yang manakah pengadilan perundangan tidak dapat mengadili? || <> Jenis-jenis mahkamah yang mana yang membuat mahkamah perundangan dibuat dalam bentuk badan kehakiman? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of courts did congress establish?", "id": "56de3d78cffd8e1900b4b6c2", "answers": [{"text": "legislative courts", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What power are legislative courts not allowed to exercise?", "id": "56de3d78cffd8e1900b4b6c3", "answers": [{"text": "judicial power of the United States", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "legislative courts", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "Which type of courts are established by Hoboken Land & Improvement CO.?", "id": "5ad3887d604f3c001a3fe579", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "judicial agencies or commissions", "answer_start": 75}], "question": "Which form do legislative courts take?", "id": "5ad3887d604f3c001a3fe57a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "judicial power", "answer_start": 255}], "question": "Which power of the United States may legislative courts exercise?", "id": "5ad3887d604f3c001a3fe57b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "public rights\" questions", "answer_start": 551}], "question": "Which questions are legislative courts not able to adjudicate?", "id": "5ad3887d604f3c001a3fe57c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Which type of courts do legislative courts create in the form of judicial agencies?", "id": "5ad3887d604f3c001a3fe57d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Congress may establish \"legislative courts,\" which do not take the form of judicial agencies or commissions, whose members do not have the same security of tenure or compensation as the constitutional court judges. Legislative courts may not exercise the judicial power of the United States. In Murray's Lessee v. Hoboken Land & Improvement Co. (1856), the Supreme Court held that a legislative court may not decide \"a suit at the common law, or in equity, or admiralty,\" as such a suit is inherently judicial. Legislative courts may only adjudicate \"public rights\" questions (cases between the government and an individual and political determinations)."}], ["Kuasa kehakiman-kuasa untuk memutuskan kes-kes dan kontroversi-diletakkan di Mahkamah Agung dan mahkamah rendah yang ditubuhkan oleh Kongres. Hakim-hakim mesti dilantik oleh presiden dengan nasihat dan persetujuan Senat, memegang jawatan selama tingkah laku yang baik dan menerima kompensasi yang tidak dapat dikurangi selama mereka bertugas di kantor. Jika hakim mahkamah tidak mempunyai ciri-ciri tersebut, mahkamah tidak boleh menjalankan kuasa kehakiman Amerika Syarikat. Mahkamah yang menjalankan kuasa kehakiman dipanggil \"mahkamah perlembagaan.\" <> Dalam cawangan apakah keupayaan untuk mencuba kes-kes undang-undang diletakkan? || Kehakiman <> Siapa yang mencalonkan hakim untuk Mahkamah Agung A.S.? || presiden <> Yang mesti meluluskan pelantikan presiden ke Mahkamah Agung? || Senat <> Apakah istilah untuk institusi kehakiman menjalankan kuasa mereka? || Mahkamah Perlembagaan <> Apakah kuasa yang diberikan kepada Mahkamah Agung dan mahkamah rendah dipanggil? || Kuasa kehakiman <> Siapa yang menunjuk hakim? || presiden <> Yang memberikan nasihat Presiden dan persetujuan untuk pelantikan hakim? || Senat <> Jenis kuasa mana yang terletak pada Kongres? || <> Siapa yang mesti dilantik oleh hakim Mahkamah Agung? || <> Apakah pengadilan yang melaksanakan kuasa presiden yang disebut? || <> Siapa yang melantik hakim ke jawatan presiden? || <> Jenis kuasa apa yang memberi kuasa untuk memutuskan kontroversi kepada presiden? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what branch is the ability to try legal cases placed?", "id": "56de307c4396321400ee2666", "answers": [{"text": "Judicial", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who nominates justices for the U.S. Supreme Court?", "id": "56de307c4396321400ee2667", "answers": [{"text": "president", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who must approve presidential appointees to the Supreme Court?", "id": "56de307c4396321400ee2668", "answers": [{"text": "Senate", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term for judicial institutions exercising their power?", "id": "56de307c4396321400ee2669", "answers": [{"text": "constitutional courts", "answer_start": 512}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the power given to the supreme court and lower courts called?", "id": "56de3c8acffd8e1900b4b6b8", "answers": [{"text": "Judicial power", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who appoints a judge?", "id": "56de3c8acffd8e1900b4b6b9", "answers": [{"text": "the president", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who gives the President advice and consent for a judge appointment?", "id": "56de3c8acffd8e1900b4b6ba", "answers": [{"text": "the Senate", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Judicial power", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Which type of power is vested in Congress?", "id": "5ad387dc604f3c001a3fe56f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the president", "answer_start": 167}], "question": "Who must be appointed by Supreme Court judges?", "id": "5ad387dc604f3c001a3fe570", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "constitutional courts", "answer_start": 512}], "question": "What are courts exercising presidential power referred to?", "id": "5ad387dc604f3c001a3fe571", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Senate", "answer_start": 212}], "question": "Who appoints judges to the presidency?", "id": "5ad387dc604f3c001a3fe572", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Judicial", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What type of power gives the power to decided controversies to the president?", "id": "5ad387dc604f3c001a3fe573", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Judicial power\u2014the power to decide cases and controversies\u2014is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hold office during good behavior and receive compensations that may not be diminished during their continuance in office. If a court's judges do not have such attributes, the court may not exercise the judicial power of the United States. Courts exercising the judicial power are called \"constitutional courts.\""}], ["Semasa Zaman Pencerahan, ahli falsafah seperti John Locke menganjurkan prinsip dalam tulisan mereka, sedangkan yang lain, seperti Thomas Hobbes, sangat menentangnya. Montesquieu adalah salah satu penyokong utama memisahkan badan perundangan, eksekutif, dan badan kehakiman. Tulisan-tulisannya sangat mempengaruhi pendapat para framers Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat. <> Pemikir Pencerahan mana yang menyokong idea pemisahan kuasa? || John Locke <> Pemikir Pencerahan mana yang bertentangan dengan pemisahan kuasa? || Thomas Hobbes <> Siapa yang menjadi pembela utama membahagikan kerajaan ke cabang yang berbeza? || Montesquieu <> Pemikiran yang terkesan oleh falsafah Montesquieu? || framers Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat <> Siapa yang penganjur pemisahan kuasa? || John Locke <> Siapa yang menjadi lawan pemisahan kuasa? || Thomas Hobbes <> Siapa yang menulis sangat berpengaruh terhadap rancangan Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat? || Montesquieu <> Semasa umur Thomas Hobbes menyokong prinsip dalam tulisannya? || <> Semasa umur John Locke menentang prinsip dalam penulisannya? || <> Siapa yang berada di barisan hadapan pembangkang ke arah memisahkan cawangan-cawangan kerajaan? || <> Siapa tulisan tidak mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kerangka perlembagaan AS? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which Enlightenment thinker supported the idea of separation of powers?", "id": "56de24b24396321400ee25fd", "answers": [{"text": "John Locke", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Enlightenment thinker was against the separation of powers?", "id": "56de24b24396321400ee25fe", "answers": [{"text": "Thomas Hobbes", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was a leading advocate of dividing government into different branches?", "id": "56de24b24396321400ee25ff", "answers": [{"text": "Montesquieu", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose thoughts were impacted by Montesquieu's philosophy?", "id": "56de24b24396321400ee2600", "answers": [{"text": "the framers of the United States Constitution", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was an advocate of separation of powers?", "id": "56de33fc4396321400ee2694", "answers": [{"text": "John Locke", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was an opponent of separation of powers?", "id": "56de33fc4396321400ee2695", "answers": [{"text": "Thomas Hobbes", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who's writing were very influential on the design of the United States Constitution?  ", "id": "56de33fc4396321400ee2696", "answers": [{"text": "Montesquieu", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Age of Enlightenment", "answer_start": 11}], "question": "During which age did Thomas Hobbes advocate the principle in his writing?", "id": "5ad37aaa604f3c001a3fe3cd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Age of Enlightenment", "answer_start": 11}], "question": "During which age did John Locke oppose the principle in his writing?", "id": "5ad37aaa604f3c001a3fe3ce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Montesquieu", "answer_start": 168}], "question": "Who was at the forefront of the opposition towards separating the branches of government?", "id": "5ad37aaa604f3c001a3fe3cf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Montesquieu", "answer_start": 168}], "question": "Who's writings had no influence on the framers of the US constitution?", "id": "5ad37aaa604f3c001a3fe3d0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. His writings considerably influenced the opinions of the framers of the United States Constitution."}], ["Pemisahan kuasa adalah doktrin politik yang berasal dari tulisan-tulisan Montesquieu dalam Roh Undang-undang dimana dia menggesa kerajaan perlembagaan dengan tiga cawangan kerajaan yang berasingan. Setiap tiga cawangan itu akan menentukan keupayaan untuk menyemak kuasa cawangan lain. Ide ini dipanggil pemisahan kuasa. Falsafah ini sangat mempengaruhi penulisan Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat, yang menurutnya cawangan Perundangan, Eksekutif, dan Kehakiman kerajaan Amerika Syarikat tetap berbeza untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan kuasa. Bentuk pemisahan kuasa Amerika Syarikat ini dikaitkan dengan sistem pemeriksaan dan baki. <> Amalan politik mana yang dilakukan oleh Montesquieu? || Pemisahan kuasa <> Berapa banyak bahagian kerajaan yang dipanggil Montesquieu? || tiga <> Apa dokumen yang dimaklumkan dengan idea pemisahan kuasa? || Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat <> Apakah jenis pengawasan apakah pemisahan kuasa membantu mempromosikan? || cek dan keseimbangan <> Apa doktrin yang dipanggil yang membolehkan tiga cabang pemerintahan memeriksa kekuatan antara satu sama lain? || pemisahan kuasa <> Apa yang berasal dari tulisan-tulisan kuasa Perundangan? || <> Siapa yang mendesak kerajaan dengan empat cawangan individu? || <> Di mana doktrin melakukan panggilan AS untuk tiga cawangan kerajaan yang terpisah? || <> Falsafah mana yang menjadi pengaruh yang besar terhadap cawangan Kerajaan perundangan? || <> Dokumen mana yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh idea kerajaan perlembagaan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which political practice did Montesquieu originate?", "id": "56de244f4396321400ee25ef", "answers": [{"text": "Separation of powers", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many divisions of the government did Montesquieu call for?", "id": "56de244f4396321400ee25f0", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What document was greatly informed by the idea of separation of powers?", "id": "56de244f4396321400ee25f1", "answers": [{"text": "United States Constitution", "answer_start": 401}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of oversight does the separation of powers help to promote?", "id": "56de244f4396321400ee25f3", "answers": [{"text": "checks and balances", "answer_start": 663}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the doctrine called that allowed the three branches of government to check the powers of each other?", "id": "56de333b4396321400ee268f", "answers": [{"text": "separation of powers", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Separation of powers", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What originates in the writings of the Legislative powers?", "id": "5ad370ad604f3c001a3fe25d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Montesquieu", "answer_start": 76}], "question": "Who urged for a government with four individual branches?", "id": "5ad370ad604f3c001a3fe25e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Spirit of the Laws", "answer_start": 91}], "question": "In which doctrine did the US call for three separate branches of government?", "id": "5ad370ad604f3c001a3fe25f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "separation of powers", "answer_start": 325}], "question": "Which philosophy was a great influence on the Legislative branch of government?", "id": "5ad370ad604f3c001a3fe260", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United States Constitution", "answer_start": 401}], "question": "Which document was greatly influenced by the idea of a constitutional government?", "id": "5ad370ad604f3c001a3fe261", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws where he urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined abilities to check the powers of the other branches. This idea was called separation of powers. This philosophy heavily influenced the writing of the United States Constitution, according to which the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches of the United States government are kept distinct in order to prevent abuse of power. This United States form of separation of powers is associated with a system of checks and balances."}], ["Kongres mempunyai kuasa tunggal untuk menyusun undang-undang untuk Amerika Syarikat. Di bawah doktrin pengunduran, Kongres tidak boleh mewakilkan tanggungjawab undang-undangnya kepada mana-mana agensi lain. Dalam urat ini, Mahkamah Agung diadakan dalam kes 1998 Clinton v. Kota New York bahawa Kongres tidak dapat mewakilkan \"veto garis item\" kepada Presiden, dengan kuasa yang diberikan kepada pemerintah oleh Perlembagaan. <> Apa satu-satunya cawangan kerajaan A.S. yang dipenuhi dengan kebolehan undang-undang? || Kongres <> Yang mana kes pengadilan menegakkan peraturan tanpa undang-undang? || Clinton v. Kota New York <> Bilakah Clinton v. Kota New York diputuskan oleh Mahkamah Agung? || 1998 <> Di Amerika Syarikat yang mempunyai kuasa tunggal untuk meluluskan undang-undang? || Kongres <> Apakah doktrin yang dipanggil yang tidak membenarkan kongres meluluskan kuasa mereka untuk menyerahkan undang-undang kepada mana-mana agensi lain? || doktrin nondelegation <> Apa kes mahkamah yang memotong veto item baris? || Clinton v. Kota New York <> Apa tahun Clinton v. Kota New York diputuskan oleh Mahkamah Agung? || 1998 <> Siapa yang telah berkongsi kuasa perundangan di Amerika Syarikat? || <> Doktrin mana yang mengatakan Kongres boleh mewakilkan kuasanya kepada sesiapa yang diinginkannya? || <> Di mana pada tahun mana kes pengadilan Clinton v. Mahkamah Agung diadakan? || <> Siapa yang boleh mewakilkan tanggungjawab pembuatan undang-undang kepada agensi lain yang dikehendaki? || <> Di negara manakah Kongres telah berkongsi tanggungjawab undang-undang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the only branch of U.S. government imbued with lawmaking abilities?", "id": "56de2aeacffd8e1900b4b5f4", "answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which court case upheld the rule of nondelegation?", "id": "56de2aeacffd8e1900b4b5f5", "answers": [{"text": "Clinton v. City of New York", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Clinton v. City of New York decided by the Supreme Court?", "id": "56de2aeacffd8e1900b4b5f6", "answers": [{"text": "1998", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the US who has the sole power to pass legislation?", "id": "56de37794396321400ee26ac", "answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the doctrine called that does not allow congress to pass on their power to pass laws to any other agency?", "id": "56de37794396321400ee26ad", "answers": [{"text": "nondelegation doctrine", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the court case that struck down the line item veto?", "id": "56de37794396321400ee26ae", "answers": [{"text": "Clinton v. City of New York", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Clinton v. City of New York decided by the supreme court?", "id": "56de37794396321400ee26af", "answers": [{"text": "1998", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who has shared legislative power in the United States?", "id": "5ad37ec4604f3c001a3fe42b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "nondelegation doctrine", "answer_start": 74}], "question": "Which doctrine says Congress can delegate its powers to whoever it wants?", "id": "5ad37ec4604f3c001a3fe42c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1998", "answer_start": 220}], "question": "In which year was the court case Clinton v. Supreme Court held?", "id": "5ad37ec4604f3c001a3fe42d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 98}], "question": "Who may delegate lawmaking responsibilities to other agencies as it pleases?", "id": "5ad37ec4604f3c001a3fe42e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United States", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "In which country does Congress have shared lawmaking responsibilities?", "id": "5ad37ec4604f3c001a3fe42f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case Clinton v. City of New York that Congress could not delegate a \"line-item veto\" to the President, by powers vested in the government by the Constitution."}], ["Kata-kata Marshall dan keputusan mahkamah masa depan memberikan latensi Kongres banyak latitud dalam mewakilkan kuasa. Tidak sampai tahun 1930-an bahawa Mahkamah Agung mengadakan delegasi kuasa yang tidak berperlembagaan. Dalam kes yang melibatkan penciptaan Pentadbiran Pemulihan Negara yang dipanggil A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. Amerika Syarikat, 295 A.S. 495 (1935), Kongres tidak dapat memberi kuasa kepada presiden untuk merumuskan kod \"persaingan yang adil.\" Telah diadakan bahawa Kongres mesti menetapkan beberapa piawai yang mengawal tindakan pegawai eksekutif. Walau bagaimanapun, Mahkamah telah menganggap frasa seperti \"adil dan munasabah,\" \"kepentingan awam\" dan \"kemudahan awam\" memadai. <> Bilakah kali pertama cubaan Kongres untuk mewakilkan tanggungjawab pembuatan undang-undang didapati melanggar Perlembagaan? || 1930-an <> Penubuhan badan apa yang menjadi subjek A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. Amerika Syarikat? || Pentadbiran Pemulihan Negara <> Pada tahun apakah A.L.A. Schechter v. Amerika Syarikat cuba di hadapan Mahkamah Agung? || 1935 <> Pada tahun berapakah mahkamah tertinggi menentukan bahawa kuasa delegasi oleh kongres adalah tidak berperlembagaan? || 1935 <> Apa kes mahkamah tertinggi yang menentukan bahawa kongres tidak boleh membenarkan Presiden menentukan persaingan yang adil? || Schechter Poultry Corp. v. Amerika Syarikat <> Apa yang memberi Kongres kurang latitud dalam kuasa delegasi? || <> Dalam tempoh sedekad apakah Mahkamah Agung memegang perwakilan kuasa sebagai perlembagaan? || <> Bilakah Kongres membuat keputusan bahawa perwakilan kuasa adalah tidak berperlembagaan? || <> Dalam hal ini, Kongres dapat memberi kuasa kepada presiden untuk merumuskan kod? || <> Selama tahun apakah Kongres membenarkan pembentukan presiden kod persaingan yang adil? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the first time that a Congressional attempt at delegating lawmaking responsibility was found to be in violation of the Constitution?", "id": "56de2d374396321400ee2636", "answers": [{"text": "the 1930s", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The establishment of what body was the subject of A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States?", "id": "56de2d374396321400ee2637", "answers": [{"text": "National Recovery Administration", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was A.L.A. Schechter v. United States tried before the Supreme Court?", "id": "56de2d374396321400ee2638", "answers": [{"text": "1935", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the supreme court determine that delegating powers by congress was unconstitutional?", "id": "56de39a6cffd8e1900b4b698", "answers": [{"text": "1935", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the supreme court case that was determined that congress could not allow the President to determine fair competition?", "id": "56de39a6cffd8e1900b4b699", "answers": [{"text": "Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Marshall's words and future", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What gave Congress less latitude in delegating powers?", "id": "5ad383b2604f3c001a3fe4fb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1930s", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "During which decade did the Supreme Court hold a delegation of authority as constitutional?", "id": "5ad383b2604f3c001a3fe4fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1930s", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "When did Congress make the decision that a delegation of authority is unconstitutional?", "id": "5ad383b2604f3c001a3fe4fd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495", "answer_start": 273}], "question": "In which case was Congress able to authorize the president to formulate codes?", "id": "5ad383b2604f3c001a3fe4fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1935", "answer_start": 336}], "question": "During which year did Congress authorize the presidential formulation of fair competition codes?", "id": "5ad383b2604f3c001a3fe4ff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Marshall's words and future court decisions gave Congress much latitude in delegating powers. It was not until the 1930s that the Supreme Court held a delegation of authority unconstitutional. In a case involving the creation of the National Recovery Administration called A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935), Congress could not authorize the president to formulate codes of \"fair competition.\" It was held that Congress must set some standards governing the actions of executive officers. The Court, however, has deemed that phrases such as \"just and reasonable,\" \"public interest\" and \"public convenience\" suffice."}], ["Kongres sering menulis undang-undang untuk menghalang pegawai eksekutif untuk melaksanakan tugas mereka, seperti yang ditetapkan oleh undang-undang pas Kongres. Di INS v. Chadha (1983), Mahkamah Agung memutuskan (a) Resepsi tindakan perundangan dalam Seni. Saya \u00a7 1 yang menghendaki semua kuasa perundangan diletak hak pada Kongres yang terdiri daripada Senat dan Dewan Perwakilan-dan \u00a7 7 - menghendaki setiap rang undang-undang yang diluluskan oleh Dewan dan Senat, sebelum menjadi undang-undang, untuk dipersembahkan kepada presiden, dan, jika dia tidak bersetuju, akan dipulangkan oleh dua pertiga daripada Senat dan Dewan - mewakili keputusan Framers bahawa kuasa perundangan Kerajaan Persekutuan dilaksanakan mengikut prosedur tunggal, halus dan lengkap. Prosedur ini merupakan sebahagian daripada reka bentuk perlembagaan untuk pemisahan kuasa. Ketetapan selanjutnya menjelaskan perkara itu; walaupun kedua-dua Rumah yang bertindak bersama-sama tidak dapat mengalahkan vet Eksekutif tanpa majoriti 2/3. Perundangan mungkin selalu menetapkan peraturan yang mengawal pegawai eksekutif. <> Kepada apa yang cuba kongres untuk menghadkan pegawai eksekutif? || pelaksanaan tugas mereka <> Apa kes mahkamah mengesahkan mandat dari bahagian pertama dan ketujuh Perkara I Perlembagaan? || INS v. Chadha <> Bilakah INS v Chadha cuba di hadapan Mahkamah Agung? || 1983 <> Dengan apa margin boleh kongres untuk menaiki veto Presiden? || dua pertiga <> Siapa yang sering menulis undang-undang untuk menahan Kongres untuk melaksanakan tugas mereka? || <> Dalam kes ini apakah Kongres memutuskan bahawa semua kuasa akan diletakkan di Mahkamah Agung yang terdiri daripada Senat dan Dewan Perwakilan? || <> Kongres memutuskan bahawa semua kuasa akan diletakkan di Mahkamah Agung yang terdiri dari dua badan mana? || <> Dalam tahun berapakah Kongres memutuskan bahawa semua kuasa akan diletakkan di Mahkamah Agung yang terdiri daripada Senat dan Dewan Perwakilan? || <> Siapa yang mesti dibentangkan dengan setiap rang undang-undang yang diluluskan oleh Presiden? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "To what does congress attempt to limit executive officials?", "id": "56de2fe04396321400ee265c", "answers": [{"text": "the performance of their duties", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What court case affirmed the mandates of the first and seventh sections of Article I of the Constitution?", "id": "56de2fe04396321400ee265d", "answers": [{"text": "INS v. Chadha", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was INS v Chadha tried before the Supreme Court?", "id": "56de2fe04396321400ee265e", "answers": [{"text": "1983", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what margin can congress over ride a Presidential veto?", "id": "56de3bf44396321400ee26c0", "answers": [{"text": "two-thirds", "answer_start": 525}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "executive officials", "answer_start": 46}], "question": "Who often writes laws to restrain Congress to the performance of their duties?", "id": "5ad386af604f3c001a3fe557", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "INS v. Chadha", "answer_start": 146}], "question": "In which case did Congress decide that all powers would be vested in the Supreme Court consisting of a Senate and House of Representatives?", "id": "5ad386af604f3c001a3fe558", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Senate and a House of Representatives", "answer_start": 329}], "question": " Congress decide that all powers would be vested in the Supreme Court consisting of a which two bodies?", "id": "5ad386af604f3c001a3fe559", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1983", "answer_start": 161}], "question": "In what year did Congress decide that all powers would be vested in the Supreme Court consisting of a Senate and House of Representatives?", "id": "5ad386af604f3c001a3fe55a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the House and Senate", "answer_start": 406}], "question": "Who must be presented with every bill passed by the President?", "id": "5ad386af604f3c001a3fe55b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Congress often writes legislation to restrain executive officials to the performance of their duties, as laid out by the laws Congress passes. In INS v. Chadha (1983), the Supreme Court decided (a) The prescription for legislative action in Art. I, \u00a7 1\u2014requiring all legislative powers to be vested in a Congress consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives\u2014and \u00a7 7\u2014requiring every bill passed by the House and Senate, before becoming law, to be presented to the president, and, if he disapproves, to be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House\u2014represents the Framers' decision that the legislative power of the Federal Government be exercised in accord with a single, finely wrought and exhaustively considered procedure. This procedure is an integral part of the constitutional design for the separation of powers. Further rulings clarified the case; even both Houses acting together cannot override Executive vetos without a 2\u20443 majority. Legislation may always prescribe regulations governing executive officers."}], ["Di mana Kongres tidak membuat delegasi besar dan menyapu kuasa, Mahkamah Agung telah kurang ketat. Salah satu kes terawal yang melibatkan had tepat bukan delegasi ialah Wayman v. Southard 23 A.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42 (1825). Kongres telah mewakilkan kepada mahkamah kuasa untuk menetapkan prosedur kehakiman; ia berpendapat bahawa Kongres telah dengan itu tidak mengikut perlembagaan memakai badan kehakiman dengan kuasa perundangan. Sementara Ketua Hakim John Marshall mengakui bahwa penentuan aturan prosedur adalah fungsi perundangan, dia membedakan antara subjek \"penting\" dan rinciannya. Marshall menulis bahawa \"peruntukan am boleh dibuat, dan kuasa diberikan kepada mereka yang bertindak di bawah peruntukan umum tersebut, untuk mengisi butir-butir tersebut.\" <> Apa salah satu kali pertama Mahkamah Agung mencuba kes mengenai ketidakcekapan? || Wayman v. Southard <> Pada tahun apakah Wayman v. Southard dicuba oleh Mahkamah Agung A.S.? || 1825 <> Siapa Ketua Hakim Mahkamah Agung ketika Wayman v. Southard mencapai Mahkamah Agung? || John Marshall <> Di Wayman v. Southard, cawangan apa yang dituduh diberi kebolehan undang-undang oleh Kongres? || badan kehakiman <> Apa nama kes 1825 di mana mahkamah tertinggi memegang bahawa kongres boleh mewakilkan tanggungjawab mereka ke mahkamah? || Wayman v. Southard <> Siapa hakim mahkamah tertinggi di bawah arahan Wayman v. Southard? || John Marshall <> Di manakah Mahkamah Agung diketahui lebih ketat ke arah Kongres? || <> Apakah salah satu perlumbaan paling terkini mengenai had bukan perwakilan? || <> Bilakah Mahkamah Agung mendengar John Marshall v Southard? || <> Kes yang mana didengar oleh Kongres berkenaan dengan had bukan perwakilan? || <> Bilakah Mahkamah Kongres AS Wayman v. Southard mendengar? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was one of the first times the Supreme Court tried a case regarding nondelegation?", "id": "56de2c7fcffd8e1900b4b616", "answers": [{"text": "Wayman v. Southard", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Wayman v. Southard tried by the U.S. Supreme Court?", "id": "56de2c7fcffd8e1900b4b617", "answers": [{"text": "1825", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court when Wayman v. Southard reached the Supreme Court?", "id": "56de2c7fcffd8e1900b4b618", "answers": [{"text": "John Marshall", "answer_start": 456}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Wayman v. Southard, what branch was accused of being given lawmaking abilities by Congress?", "id": "56de2c7fcffd8e1900b4b619", "answers": [{"text": "the judiciary", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the 1825 case where the supreme court held that congress could delegate their responsibilities to the court?", "id": "56de385ccffd8e1900b4b68e", "answers": [{"text": "Wayman v. Southard", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was chief justice of the supreme court under the Wayman v. Southard ruling?", "id": "56de385ccffd8e1900b4b68f", "answers": [{"text": "John Marshall", "answer_start": 456}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Where Congress does not make great and sweeping delegations of its authority", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Where has the Supreme Court been known to be more stringent towards Congress?", "id": "5ad37fa8604f3c001a3fe447", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wayman v. Southard", "answer_start": 196}], "question": "What is one of the most recent races regarding limits of non delegation?", "id": "5ad37fa8604f3c001a3fe448", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1825", "answer_start": 240}], "question": "When did the Supreme Court hear John Marshall v Southard?", "id": "5ad37fa8604f3c001a3fe449", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wayman v. Southard", "answer_start": 196}], "question": "Which case was heard by Congress in regards to non delegation limits?", "id": "5ad37fa8604f3c001a3fe44a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1825", "answer_start": 240}], "question": "When was the US Congress Court Wayman v. Southard heard?", "id": "5ad37fa8604f3c001a3fe44b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Where Congress does not make great and sweeping delegations of its authority, the Supreme Court has been less stringent. One of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation was Wayman v. Southard 23 U.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42 (1825). Congress had delegated to the courts the power to prescribe judicial procedure; it was contended that Congress had thereby unconstitutionally clothed the judiciary with legislative powers. While Chief Justice John Marshall conceded that the determination of rules of procedure was a legislative function, he distinguished between \"important\" subjects and mere details. Marshall wrote that \"a general provision may be made, and power given to those who are to act under such general provisions, to fill up the details.\""}], ["Kuasa eksekutif terletak hak, dengan pengecualian dan kelayakan, dalam Presiden. Menurut undang-undang (Seksyen 2.) presiden menjadi Panglima Angkatan Tentera dan Tentera Laut, Milisia beberapa negara ketika dipanggil ke dalam pelayanan, memiliki kuasa untuk membuat perjanjian dan pelantikan ke kantor \"dengan Nasihat dan Persetujuan Senat,\" menerima Duta dan Menteri-Menteri Awam, dan \"berhati-hati bahawa undang-undang itu dilaksanakan dengan jujur\" (Bahagian 3.) Dengan menggunakan kata-kata ini, Perlembagaan tidak menghendaki presiden untuk menguatkuasakan undang-undang secara peribadi; Sebaliknya pegawai yang bertanding kepada presiden boleh melaksanakan tugas tersebut. Perlembagaan memberi kuasa kepada presiden untuk memastikan pelaksanaan undang-undang yang dibuat setia oleh Kongres dan diluluskan oleh Presiden. Kongres itu sendiri boleh menamatkan perlantikan seperti itu, dengan impeachment, dan menyekat presiden. Badan-badan seperti Suruhanjaya Tuntutan Perang, Suruhanjaya Perdagangan Interstate dan Suruhanjaya Perdagangan Persekutuan-semua quasi-perundangan-sering mempunyai pengawasan Kongres langsung. <> Cawangan tentera negara mana yang memerintah presiden A.S.? || Tentera dan Tentera Laut <> Persetujuan siapa yang diperlukan untuk dilantik oleh presiden untuk mengambil jawatan? || Senat <> Apakah cara Kongres untuk menghapuskan pelantikan presiden? || pemecatan <> Apa istilah yang boleh mencirikan status badan seperti Suruhanjaya Klaim Perang dan Suruhanjaya Perdagangan Interstate? || quasi-judicial <> Antara ketiga cawangan tersebut mempunyai tugas Komander dan Ketua? || Eksekutif <> Siapa yang mempunyai kuasa membuat perjanjian? || Presiden <> Apa yang dipanggil ketika kongres itu menamatkan pelantikan Presiden? || pemecatan <> Siapa yang mempunyai pandangan Suruhanjaya Perdagangan Persekutuan? || Kongres <> Di mana kuasa Kongres diletak hak? || <> Apa Naib Presiden menjadi Panglima di Panglima? || <> Dengan perkataan yang digunakannya, apakah Perlembagaan yang menghendaki Presiden melakukan undang-undang? || <> Undang-undang dibuat oleh Presiden dan diluluskan oleh badan mana? || <> Siapa yang mungkin dihadkan oleh Presiden melalui pemecatan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which branches of the national military does the U.S. president command?", "id": "56de2e1d4396321400ee263c", "answers": [{"text": "Army and Navy", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose approval is required for the president's appointees to take office?", "id": "56de2e1d4396321400ee263d", "answers": [{"text": "Senate", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a Congressional means of removing presidential appointees?", "id": "56de2e1d4396321400ee263e", "answers": [{"text": "impeachment", "answer_start": 784}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term can characterize the status of bodies like the War Claims Commission and the Interstate Commerce Commission?", "id": "56de2e1d4396321400ee263f", "answers": [{"text": "quasi-judicial", "answer_start": 939}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of the three branches has the duty of Commander and Chief?", "id": "56de3ad0cffd8e1900b4b6a6", "answers": [{"text": "Executive", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has the authority to make treaties?", "id": "56de3ad0cffd8e1900b4b6a7", "answers": [{"text": "the President", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is it called when congress terminates an appointment of the President?", "id": "56de3ad0cffd8e1900b4b6a8", "answers": [{"text": "impeachment", "answer_start": 784}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has over-sight of the Federal Trade Commission?", "id": "56de3ad0cffd8e1900b4b6a9", "answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 692}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "President", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "In whom is Congressional power vested?", "id": "5ad38450604f3c001a3fe517", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Army and Navy", "answer_start": 149}], "question": "What does the Vice President become Commander in Chief of?", "id": "5ad38450604f3c001a3fe518", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "enforce", "answer_start": 511}], "question": "By the words it uses, what does the Constitution require the President to do regarding laws?", "id": "5ad38450604f3c001a3fe519", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 692}], "question": "Laws are made by the President and approved by which body?", "id": "5ad38450604f3c001a3fe51a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 732}], "question": "Who may the President restrict through impeachment?", "id": "5ad38450604f3c001a3fe51b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Executive power is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President. By law (Section 2.) the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office \"with the Advice and Consent of the Senate,\" receive Ambassadors and Public Ministers, and \"take care that the laws be faithfully executed\" (Section 3.) By using these words, the Constitution does not require the president to personally enforce the law; rather, officers subordinate to the president may perform such duties. The Constitution empowers the president to ensure the faithful execution of the laws made by Congress and approved by the President. Congress may itself terminate such appointments, by impeachment, and restrict the president. Bodies such as the War Claims Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission\u2014all quasi-judicial\u2014often have direct Congressional oversight."}], ["Pemisahan kuasa yang ketat tidak beroperasi di United Kingdom, struktur politik yang berkhidmat dalam kebanyakan hal [rujukan diperlukan] sebagai model bagi pemerintah yang dibuat oleh Perlembagaan AS. [Rujukan?] Di bawah sistem Westminster UK, berdasarkan parlimen kedaulatan dan pemerintahan yang bertanggungjawab, Parlimen (terdiri daripada Raja (Raja-dalam-Parlimen), Dewan Pertuanan dan Dewan Rakyat) adalah pihak berkuasa tertinggi undang-undang. Cawangan eksekutif bertindak atas nama Raja (\"Kerajaan Yang Mulia\"), seperti juga badan kehakiman. Menteri-menteri Raja adalah dalam kebanyakan kes anggota salah satu daripada dua Parlimen, dan Kerajaan perlu mengekalkan sokongan majoriti di Dewan Rakyat. Seorang menteri, Lord Canselor, pada masa yang sama hakim tunggal di Mahkamah Chancery dan pegawai yang mengetuai di Dewan Pertuanan. Oleh itu, dapat dilihat bahawa tiga cabang kerajaan British sering melanggar prinsip pemisahan kuasa yang ketat, walaupun terdapat banyak kesempatan ketika cabang-cabang pemerintah yang berbeda tidak setuju dengan satu sama lain. Sesetengah negeri A.S. tidak melihat pemisahan kuasa yang ketat pada abad ke-18. Di New Jersey, Gabenor juga berfungsi sebagai ahli mahkamah tertinggi negara dan sebagai pegawai presiden satu rumah di New Jersey Legislature. Presiden Delaware adalah ahli Mahkamah Rayuan; pegawai presiden kedua-dua rumah dewan undangan negeri juga berkhidmat di jabatan eksekutif sebagai Naib Presiden. Di kedua-dua Delaware dan Pennsylvania, anggota dewan eksekutif berkhidmat pada masa yang sama sebagai hakim. Sebaliknya, banyak negeri selatan secara jelas memerlukan pemisahan kuasa. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina dan Georgia semuanya memelihara cabang kerajaan \"berasingan dan berbeza.\" <> Apa kerajaan negara, di mana kerajaan AS dimodelkan, tidak secara rasmi melaksanakan pemisahan kuasa? || UK <> Apakah dua prinsip utama yang memaklumkan kerajaan Inggeris? || kedaulatan parlimen dan kerajaan yang bertanggungjawab <> Istilah apa yang menggambarkan status cawangan kerajaan yang berbeza di Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina dan Georgia? || berasingan dan berbeza <> Apakah kerajaan negara mana yang berfungsi sebagai model untuk Kerajaan Amerika Syarikat? || United Kingdom <> Pada abad ke-18, apa fungsi, selain Presiden, apakah Presiden Delaware berkhidmat? || seorang ahli Mahkamah Rayuan <> Struktur politik manakah yang menjadi contoh bagi kerajaan United Kingdom? || <> Badan apa yang terdiri daripada Dewan Pertuanan dan Kerajaan Majelis? || <> Apakah menteri-menteri Canselor sering menjadi ahli? || <> Di mana keadaannya adalah Gabenor seorang ahli mahkamah rayuan? || <> Di mana negara anggota dewan kanselor dan hakim berkhidmat pada waktu yang sama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What country's government, on which the US government was modeled, did not formally implement separation of powers?", "id": "56de2995cffd8e1900b4b5ea", "answers": [{"text": "UK", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the two main principles informing the government of the UK?", "id": "56de2995cffd8e1900b4b5eb", "answers": [{"text": "parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term describes the status of the different branches of government in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia?", "id": "56de2995cffd8e1900b4b5ee", "answers": [{"text": "separate and distinct", "answer_start": 1824}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country's government served as a model for the United States Government?", "id": "56de3644cffd8e1900b4b678", "answers": [{"text": "United Kingdom", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the 18th century what function, besides President, did the Delaware President serve? ", "id": "56de3644cffd8e1900b4b679", "answers": [{"text": "a member of the Court of Appeals", "answer_start": 1395}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "separation of powers", "answer_start": 7}], "question": "Which political structure served as a model for the United Kingdom government?", "id": "5ad37d3d604f3c001a3fe40d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Parliament", "answer_start": 319}], "question": "What body consisted of the House of Lords and the House of Majesty;s government?", "id": "5ad37d3d604f3c001a3fe40e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the two Houses of Parliament", "answer_start": 616}], "question": "What were the Chancellor's Ministers mos often members of?", "id": "5ad37d3d604f3c001a3fe40f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Delaware", "answer_start": 1382}], "question": "In which state was the Governor a member of the court of appeals?", "id": "5ad37d3d604f3c001a3fe410", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Delaware and Pennsylvania", "answer_start": 1563}], "question": "In which states did members of the Lord Chancellor's council and judges serve at the same time?", "id": "5ad37d3d604f3c001a3fe411", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Strict separation of powers did not operate in The United Kingdom, the political structure of which served in most instances[citation needed] as a model for the government created by the U.S. Constitution.[citation needed] Under the UK Westminster system, based on parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government, Parliament (consisting of the Sovereign (King-in-Parliament), House of Lords and House of Commons) was the supreme lawmaking authority. The executive branch acted in the name of the King (\"His Majesty's Government\"), as did the judiciary. The King's Ministers were in most cases members of one of the two Houses of Parliament, and the Government needed to sustain the support of a majority in the House of Commons. One minister, the Lord Chancellor, was at the same time the sole judge in the Court of Chancery and the presiding officer in the House of Lords. Therefore, it may be seen that the three branches of British government often violated the strict principle of separation of powers, even though there were many occasions when the different branches of the government disagreed with each other. Some U.S. states did not observe a strict separation of powers in the 18th century. In New Jersey, the Governor also functioned as a member of the state's highest court and as the presiding officer of one house of the New Jersey Legislature. The President of Delaware was a member of the Court of Appeals; the presiding officers of the two houses of the state legislature also served in the executive department as Vice Presidents. In both Delaware and Pennsylvania, members of the executive council served at the same time as judges. On the other hand, many southern states explicitly required separation of powers. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia all kept the branches of government \"separate and distinct.\""}], ["Ketua Hakim mengetuai Senat semasa percubaan impeachment presiden. Walau bagaimanapun, peraturan Senat pada umumnya tidak memberi kuasa kepada pegawai yang mengetuai. Oleh itu, peranan Ketua Hakim dalam perkara ini adalah terhad. <> Siapa yang mengetuai percubaan impeachment? || Ketua Hakim <> Di mana Ketua Hakim memimpin semasa sidang pengadilan Senat? || <> Peraturan mana yang memberi kuasa kepada pegawai yang memerintah? || <> Siapa yang mempunyai peranan yang tidak terhad dalam hal ini? || <> Di mana presiden mempengerusikan semasa percubaan impeachment Ketua Hakim? || <> Peraturan mana yang tidak memberi kuasa kepada Presiden? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who presides over an impeachment trial?", "id": "56de41c54396321400ee2726", "answers": [{"text": "The Chief Justice", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in the Senate", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "Where does the Chief Justice preside during a Senate impeachment trial?", "id": "5ad39891604f3c001a3fe7f5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "rules of the Senate", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "Which rules grant much authority to the presiding officer?", "id": "5ad39891604f3c001a3fe7f6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Chief Justice", "answer_start": 189}], "question": "Who has an unlimited role in this regard?", "id": "5ad39891604f3c001a3fe7f7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in the Senate", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "Where does the president preside during the Chief Justice impeachment trial?", "id": "5ad39891604f3c001a3fe7f8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "rules of the Senate", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "Which rules do not grant authority to the President?", "id": "5ad39891604f3c001a3fe7f9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Chief Justice presides in the Senate during a president's impeachment trial. The rules of the Senate, however, generally do not grant much authority to the presiding officer. Thus, the Chief Justice's role in this regard is a limited one."}], ["Kesalahpahaman umum ialah Mahkamah Agung adalah satu-satunya mahkamah yang boleh menentukan perlembagaan; kuasa itu dilaksanakan walaupun oleh mahkamah rendah. Tetapi hanya keputusan Mahkamah Agung yang mengikat seluruh negara. Keputusan Mahkamah Rayuan, misalnya, hanya mengikat dalam litar di mana mahkamah mempunyai bidang kuasa. <> Yang mana keputusan mahkamah mengikat seluruh Amerika Syarikat? || Mahkamah Agung <> Mahkamah yang mana satu-satunya yang dapat menentukan perlembagaan? || <> Kekuatan mana-mana gelanggang yang rendah tidak dapat bersenam? || <> Keputusan mahkamah mana, selain daripada Mahkamah Agung, terikat di seluruh negara? || <> Yang mana satu-satunya pengadilan yang tidak dapat menentukan perlembagaan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which courts decisions are binding across the entire United States?", "id": "56de40c0cffd8e1900b4b710", "answers": [{"text": "the Supreme Court", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Supreme Court", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "Which court is the only one able to determine constitutionality?", "id": "5ad39730604f3c001a3fe7b5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "determine constitutionality", "answer_start": 76}], "question": "Which power are inferior courts unable to exercise?", "id": "5ad39730604f3c001a3fe7b6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "inferior courts", "answer_start": 140}], "question": "Which courts' decisions, other than Supreme Court, are binding across the country?", "id": "5ad39730604f3c001a3fe7b7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Supreme Court", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "Which is the only court unable to determine constitutionality?", "id": "5ad39730604f3c001a3fe7b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A common misperception is that the Supreme Court is the only court that may determine constitutionality; the power is exercised even by the inferior courts. But only Supreme Court decisions are binding across the nation. Decisions of a Court of Appeals, for instance, are binding only in the circuit over which the court has jurisdiction."}], ["Presiden, seperti yang dinyatakan di atas, melantik hakim dengan nasihat dan persetujuan Senat. Dia juga mempunyai kuasa untuk mengeluarkan pengampunan dan reprieves. Pengampunan sedemikian tidak tertakluk kepada pengesahan oleh Dewan Perwakilan atau Dewan Negara, atau bahkan diterima oleh penerima. <> Siapa yang mempunyai kuasa untuk mengeluarkan pengampunan? || Presiden <> Siapa yang mempunyai kuasa untuk mengeluarkan penangguhan? || Presiden <> Siapa yang melantik Presiden dengan persetujuan hakim? || <> Siapa yang melantik Senat dengan kelulusan hakim? || <> Siapa yang melantik hakim dengan kelulusan Presiden? || <> Presiden tidak mempunyai kuasa untuk mengeluarkan pengampunan atau apa lagi? || <> Selain daripada reprieves, apakah yang Senat boleh mengeluarkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who has the power to issue a pardon?", "id": "56de3e91cffd8e1900b4b6f0", "answers": [{"text": "The president", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has the power to issue a reprieve? ", "id": "56de3e91cffd8e1900b4b6f1", "answers": [{"text": "The president", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Senate", "answer_start": 56}], "question": "Who appoints the President with the approval of judges?", "id": "5ad39362604f3c001a3fe6d1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "president", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Who appoints the Senate with the approval of judges?", "id": "5ad39362604f3c001a3fe6d2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Senate", "answer_start": 56}], "question": "Who appoints judges with the President's approval?", "id": "5ad39362604f3c001a3fe6d3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "reprieves", "answer_start": 128}], "question": "The president does not have the power to issue pardons or what else?", "id": "5ad39362604f3c001a3fe6d4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pardons", "answer_start": 116}], "question": "Other than reprieves, what is the Senate able to issue?", "id": "5ad39362604f3c001a3fe6d5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The president, as noted above, appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent. He also has the power to issue pardons and reprieves. Such pardons are not subject to confirmation by either the House of Representatives or the Senate, or even to acceptance by the recipient."}], ["Kuasa untuk mengkaji perlembagaan undang-undang mungkin dihadkan oleh Kongres, yang mempunyai kuasa untuk menetapkan bidang kuasa mahkamah. Batas perlembagaan hanya untuk kuasa Kongres untuk menetapkan bidang kuasa badan kehakiman berkaitan dengan Mahkamah Agung; Mahkamah Agung hanya boleh menjalankan bidang kuasa rayuan kecuali dalam hal-hal yang melibatkan negara dan kes yang melibatkan duta asing, menteri atau konsul. <> Siapa yang boleh membataskan semakan kehakiman undang-undang? || Kongres <> Siapa kuasa kehakiman apakah kongres mempunyai hak untuk membatasi? || Mahkamah Agung <> Siapa yang tidak mempunyai keupayaan untuk mengkaji perlembagaan undang-undang? || <> Siapa yang tidak mempunyai kuasa untuk menetapkan bidang kuasa mahkamah? || <> Mahkamah Agung mempunyai kuasa untuk menetapkan bidang kuasa apa? || <> Siapa yang mempunyai keupayaan untuk menentukan sama ada Mahkamah Agung adalah berperlembagaan atau tidak? || <> Satu-satunya had berperlembagaan mengenai kuasa Mahkamah Agung untuk menetapkan bidang kuasa yang berkaitan dengan badan mana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who can limit judicial review of a law?", "id": "56de4176cffd8e1900b4b71a", "answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who's judicial power does congress have the right to limit?", "id": "56de4176cffd8e1900b4b71b", "answers": [{"text": "the Supreme Court", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "Who lacks the ability to review the constitutionality of laws?", "id": "5ad39813604f3c001a3fe7e1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "Who lacks the power to set the jurisdiction of courts?", "id": "5ad39813604f3c001a3fe7e2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "courts", "answer_start": 129}], "question": "The Supreme court has power to set jurisdiction of what?", "id": "5ad39813604f3c001a3fe7e3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "Who has the ability to determine whether a Supreme Court is constitutional or not?", "id": "5ad39813604f3c001a3fe7e4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 170}], "question": "The only constitutional limit on the Supreme Court's power to set jurisdiction relates to which body?", "id": "5ad39813604f3c001a3fe7e5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The power to review the constitutionality of laws may be limited by Congress, which has the power to set the jurisdiction of the courts. The only constitutional limit on Congress' power to set the jurisdiction of the judiciary relates to the Supreme Court; the Supreme Court may exercise only appellate jurisdiction except in cases involving states and cases affecting foreign ambassadors, ministers or consuls."}], ["Presiden menjalankan pemeriksaan ke atas Kongres melalui kuasanya untuk menjatuhkan bil, tetapi Kongres boleh mengatasi sebarang veto (tidak termasuk \"veto saku\" yang disebut) oleh majoriti dua pertiga di setiap rumah. Apabila kedua-dua rumah Kongres tidak dapat bersetuju pada tarikh penangguhan, presiden boleh menyelesaikan pertikaian tersebut. Sama ada rumah atau kedua-dua rumah boleh dipanggil ke sesi kecemasan oleh presiden. Naib Presiden berkhidmat sebagai presiden Senat, tetapi dia hanya boleh mengundi untuk memecahkan tali. <> Siapa yang boleh menentukan tarikh penangguhan jika kongres tidak setuju? || Presiden <> Siapa yang boleh memanggil kongres ke sesi kecemasan? || Presiden <> Yang berkhidmat sebagai presiden Senat? || Naib Presiden <> Bagaimana Kongres menjalankan pemeriksaan ke atas Presiden? || <> Siapa yang mempunyai keupayaan untuk mengatasi sebarang veto yang dibuat oleh Kongres? || <> Veto yang mana satu-satunya Kongres dapat mengatasi majoriti dua pertiga? || <> Siapa yang menyelesaikan pertikaian apabila Presiden dan Naib Presiden tidak dapat mencapai persetujuan untuk tarikh penangguhan? || <> Siapa yang berkhidmat sebagai Presiden Senat dan merupakan satu-satunya ahli dengan hak mengundi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who can determine a date of adjournment if congress cannot agree?", "id": "56de3e40cffd8e1900b4b6dc", "answers": [{"text": "President", "answer_start": 396}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who can call congress into emergency session?", "id": "56de3e40cffd8e1900b4b6de", "answers": [{"text": "The president", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who serves as president of the Senate?", "id": "56de3e40cffd8e1900b4b6df", "answers": [{"text": "The Vice President", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "power to veto bills", "answer_start": 58}], "question": "How does Congress exercise a check over the President?", "id": "5ad38948604f3c001a3fe58b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The president", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who has the ability to override any veto made by Congress?", "id": "5ad38948604f3c001a3fe58c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pocket veto", "answer_start": 140}], "question": "Which veto is the only one Congress is able to override with a two thirds majority?", "id": "5ad38948604f3c001a3fe58d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two houses of Congress", "answer_start": 203}], "question": "Who settles the dispute when the President and Vice President cannot come to an agreement for a date of adjournment?", "id": "5ad38948604f3c001a3fe58e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Vice President", "answer_start": 391}], "question": "Who serves as President of the Senate and is the only member with voting rights?", "id": "5ad38948604f3c001a3fe58f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The president exercises a check over Congress through his power to veto bills, but Congress may override any veto (excluding the so-called \"pocket veto\") by a two-thirds majority in each house. When the two houses of Congress cannot agree on a date for adjournment, the president may settle the dispute. Either house or both houses may be called into emergency session by the president. The Vice President serves as president of the Senate, but he may only vote to break a tie."}], ["Sepanjang dominasi sejarah Amerika salah satu daripada tiga cabang itu pada dasarnya menjadi perjuangan melihat antara Kongres dan presiden. Kedua-duanya mempunyai tempoh kuasa dan kelemahan yang besar seperti selepas Perang Saudara apabila republikan mempunyai majoriti di Kongres dan dapat meluluskan undang-undang utama dan menembak kebanyakan veto presiden. Mereka juga meluluskan perbuatan untuk membuat presiden sebagai subordinat kepada Kongres, seperti Akta Pekerjaan. Pemecatan kemudian Johnson juga menelan kos kuasa jawatan presiden. Walau bagaimanapun presiden juga telah menjalankan kuasa yang lebih besar pada abad ke-20. Kedua-dua Roosevelts sangat memperluas kuasa presiden dan memegang kuasa besar dalam tempoh mereka. <> Segera setelah perang saudara yang mana cawangan kerajaan dilihat mempunyai kekuatan yang lebih besar? || Kongres <> Antara siapa dan Senat telah menguasai satu cabang kerajaan menjadi perjuangan? || <> Selepas mana peperangan, kaum Republikan memegang minoriti di Kongres? || <> Selepas perang mana yang Demokrat memegang majoriti di Kongres? || <> Tindakan mana yang telah diluluskan untuk membuat bawahan Kongres kepada Presiden? || <> Hak Penerapan Akta Pejabat mengatakan Kongres adalah bawahan kepada siapa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Immediately following the civil war which branch of government was seen to have the greater amount of power?", "id": "56de445a4396321400ee273e", "answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the president", "answer_start": 129}], "question": "Between who and the Senate has dominance of one branch of government been a struggle?", "id": "5ad39bb0604f3c001a3fe8a3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Civil War", "answer_start": 224}], "question": "After which war did Republicans hold a minority in Congress?", "id": "5ad39bb0604f3c001a3fe8a4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Civil War", "answer_start": 224}], "question": "After which war did Democrats hold a majority in Congress?", "id": "5ad39bb0604f3c001a3fe8a5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tenure of Office Act", "answer_start": 458}], "question": "Which act was passed to make Congress subordinate to the President?", "id": "5ad39bb0604f3c001a3fe8a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the president", "answer_start": 407}], "question": "The Tenure of Office Act says Congress is subordinate to who?", "id": "5ad39bb0604f3c001a3fe8a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Throughout America's history dominance of one of the three branches has essentially been a see-saw struggle between Congress and the president. Both have had periods of great power and weakness such as immediately after the Civil War when republicans had a majority in Congress and were able to pass major legislation and shoot down most of the president's vetoes. They also passed acts to essentially make the president subordinate to Congress, such as the Tenure of Office Act. Johnson's later impeachment also cost the presidency much political power. However the president has also exercised greater power largely during the 20th century. Both Roosevelts greatly expanded the powers of the president and wielded great power during their terms."}], ["Perlembagaan tidak secara jelas menunjukkan kehebatan mana-mana cawangan kerajaan tertentu. Walau bagaimanapun, James Madison menulis di Federalist 51, mengenai keupayaan setiap cabang untuk mempertahankan dirinya daripada tindakan oleh pihak lain, bahawa \"tidak mungkin untuk memberikan kepada setiap jabatan kuasa sama pembelaan diri. Dalam pemerintahan republik, pihak perundangan semestinya menguasai. \" <> Siapa yang menulis bahawa cawangan legislatif adalah cawangan kerajaan utama? || James Madison <> Di mana kertas Federalist menyatakan James Madison menyatakan bahawa cawangan perundangan kerajaan telah menguasai? || Federalist 51 <> Siapa yang menulis dalam Perlembagaan bahawa kuasa perundangan mendominasi? || <> Dimana Perlembagaan menulis bahawa tidak mungkin untuk memberi setiap jabatan kuasa sama? || <> Siapa yang menulis bahawa mungkin untuk memberikan kekuatan pertahanan diri yang sama ke setiap jabatan? || <> Dokumen mana yang secara jelas menunjukkan keunggulan cawangan kehakiman kerajaan? || <> Dokumen mana yang secara eksplisit menunjukkan keunggulan cabang kerajaan eksekutif? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who wrote that the legislative branch was the predominate branch of government?", "id": "56de42a5cffd8e1900b4b734", "answers": [{"text": "James Madison", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which Federalist paper did James Madison state that the legislative branch of government was predominate?", "id": "56de42a5cffd8e1900b4b735", "answers": [{"text": "Federalist 51", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "James Madison", "answer_start": 112}], "question": "Who wrote in the Constitution that legislative authority is predominate?", "id": "5ad3994a604f3c001a3fe825", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Federalist 51", "answer_start": 135}], "question": "Where did the Constitution write that it's not possible to give each department equal power?", "id": "5ad3994a604f3c001a3fe826", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "James Madison", "answer_start": 112}], "question": "Who wrote that it was possible to give equal power of self defense to each department?", "id": "5ad3994a604f3c001a3fe827", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Constitution", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Which document explicitly indicates pre-eminence of the judicial branch of government?", "id": "5ad3994a604f3c001a3fe828", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Constitution", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Which document explicitly indicates pre-eminence of the executive branch of government?", "id": "5ad3994a604f3c001a3fe829", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Constitution does not explicitly indicate the pre-eminence of any particular branch of government. However, James Madison wrote in Federalist 51, regarding the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions by the others, that \"it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense. In republican government, the legislative authority necessarily predominates.\""}], ["Mahkamah memeriksa kedua-dua cawangan eksekutif dan cawangan perundangan melalui semakan kehakiman. Konsep ini tidak ditulis dalam Perlembagaan, tetapi dibayangkan oleh banyak Framers Perlembagaan (contohnya, The Federalist Papers menyebutnya). Mahkamah Agung menetapkan pendahuluan untuk semakan kehakiman di Marbury v. Madison. Terdapat protes oleh beberapa keputusan ini, yang dilahirkan terutamanya mengenai kepentingan politik, tetapi realiti politik dalam kes tertentu secara paradoks menghalang pandangan yang menentang dari menegaskan diri mereka. Atas sebab ini, duluan sahaja menegaskan prinsip bahawa mahkamah boleh menyalahi undang-undang yang dianggap tidak mengikut perlembagaan. <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab untuk semakan kehakiman? || Mahkamah <> Apakah kes mahkamah yang menubuhkan semakan kehakiman? || Marbury v. Madison <> Melalui jenis kajian apakah Perlembagaan memeriksa cawangan eksekutif dan perundangan? || <> Dalam hal mana Perlembagaan menetapkan pendahuluan untuk semakan kehakiman? || <> Melalui jenis semakan apakah Presiden memeriksa cawangan eksekutif dan perundangan? || <> Dalam hal ini adakah Mahkamah Agung menetapkan duluan bagi Kertas Persekutuan Federalis? || <> Apa yang menghapuskan prinsip bahawa mahkamah boleh menyerang undang-undang yang tidak berperlembagaan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is responsible for judicial review?", "id": "56de4022cffd8e1900b4b70c", "answers": [{"text": "Courts", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the court case that established judicial review?", "id": "56de4022cffd8e1900b4b70d", "answers": [{"text": "Marbury v. Madison", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "judicial review", "answer_start": 74}], "question": "Through which type of review does the Constitution check the executive and legislative branches?", "id": "5ad39601604f3c001a3fe771", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Marbury v. Madison", "answer_start": 313}], "question": "In which case did the Constitution establish a precedent for judicial review?", "id": "5ad39601604f3c001a3fe772", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "judicial review", "answer_start": 74}], "question": "Through which type of review does the President check the executive and legislative branches?", "id": "5ad39601604f3c001a3fe773", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Marbury v. Madison", "answer_start": 313}], "question": "In which case did the Supreme Court establish a precedent for Federalist Papers?", "id": "5ad39601604f3c001a3fe774", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "precedent", "answer_start": 548}], "question": "What abolished the principle that a court could strike down unconstitutional laws?", "id": "5ad39601604f3c001a3fe775", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Courts check both the executive branch and the legislative branch through judicial review. This concept is not written into the Constitution, but was envisioned by many of the Constitution's Framers (for example, The Federalist Papers mention it). The Supreme Court established a precedent for judicial review in Marbury v. Madison. There were protests by some at this decision, born chiefly of political expediency, but political realities in the particular case paradoxically restrained opposing views from asserting themselves. For this reason, precedent alone established the principle that a court may strike down a law it deems unconstitutional."}], ["Presidennya adalah Panglima awam di Panglima Tentera dan Tentera Laut Amerika Syarikat. Beliau mempunyai kuasa untuk memerintahkan mereka untuk mengambil tindakan ketenteraan yang sesuai sekiranya berlaku krisis secara tiba-tiba. Walau bagaimanapun, hanya Kongres secara eksplisit diberikan kuasa untuk mengisytiharkan perang se-se, dan juga untuk menaikkan, membiayai dan mengekalkan angkatan bersenjata. Kongres juga mempunyai kewajipan dan kuasa untuk menetapkan undang-undang dan peraturan di bawah mana angkatan tentera beroperasi, seperti Kod Keadilan Tentera Seragam, dan menghendaki agar semua Jeneral dan Admirals yang dilantik oleh presiden disahkan oleh undi majoriti Senat sebelum mereka boleh mengambil alih pejabat mereka. <> Siapa komander dan ketua Tentara? || Presiden <> Siapa yang mempunyai kuasa untuk mengisytiharkan barang? || Kongres <> Siapa yang mempunyai tanggungjawab untuk mengesahkan Jeneral dan Admirals? || Senat <> Siapa Panglima Tertinggi Kongres? || <> Siapa yang menjadi Panglima di dalam undang-undang dan peraturan? || <> Siapa yang tidak mempunyai kuasa untuk memerintahkan miliary mengambil tindakan semasa krisis? || <> Siapa yang tidak mempunyai kuasa untuk membuat undang-undang untuk mengawal angkatan bersenjata? || <> Siapakah satu-satunya badan yang berkuasa mengisytiharkan undi majoriti? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is the commander and chief of the Army?", "id": "56de3f73cffd8e1900b4b706", "answers": [{"text": "The president", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has the power to declare ware?", "id": "56de3f73cffd8e1900b4b707", "answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has the responsibility to confirm Generals and Admirals?", "id": "56de3f73cffd8e1900b4b708", "answers": [{"text": "the Senate", "answer_start": 606}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "president", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Who is the Commander in Chief of Congress?", "id": "5ad394a7604f3c001a3fe71d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "president", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Who is the Commander in Chief of laws and regulations?", "id": "5ad394a7604f3c001a3fe71e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "president", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Who lacks power to command the miliary take action during crises?", "id": "5ad394a7604f3c001a3fe71f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 216}], "question": "Who lacks authority to make laws to govern the armed forces?", "id": "5ad394a7604f3c001a3fe720", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 216}], "question": "Who is the only body with authority to declare majority vote?", "id": "5ad394a7604f3c001a3fe721", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The president is the civilian Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States. He has the authority to command them to take appropriate military action in the event of a sudden crisis. However, only the Congress is explicitly granted the power to declare war per se, as well as to raise, fund and maintain the armed forces. Congress also has the duty and authority to prescribe the laws and regulations under which the armed forces operate, such as the Uniform Code of Military Justice, and requires that all Generals and Admirals appointed by the president be confirmed by a majority vote of the Senate before they can assume their office."}], ["Enam presiden Amerika Syarikat pertama tidak menggunakan kuasa veto secara meluas: George Washington hanya memveto dua rang undang-undang, James Monroe, dan John Adams, Thomas Jefferson dan John Quincy Adams. James Madison, seorang bangsawan yang kuat dalam eksekutif yang kuat, memveto tujuh bil. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak ada enam Presiden yang pertama menggunakan veto untuk mengarahkan dasar kebangsaan. Ia adalah Andrew Jackson, Presiden ketujuh, yang pertama menggunakan veto sebagai senjata politik. Semasa dua penggalnya di pejabat, dia memveto dua belas rang undang-undang-lebih daripada semua pendahulunya yang digabungkan. Tambahan pula, beliau menentang Mahkamah Agung dalam menguatkuasakan dasar pembersihan etnik suku asli Amerika (\"Indian Removal\"); dia menyatakan (mungkin apokrif), \"John Marshall telah membuat keputusannya sekarang, biarkan dia menguatkannya!\" <> Berapa banyak bil yang telah dibuat oleh George Washington? || dua <> Berapa banyak bil yang dibuat oleh James Monroe veto? || satu <> Berapa banyak bil yang dibuat oleh Andrew Jackson veto || dua belas <> Siapa presiden ketujuh Amerika Syarikat? || Andrew Jackson <> Yang presiden mana veto enam bil? || <> Siapa presiden terakhir yang menggunakan veto sebagai senjata politik? || <> Berapa banyak bil yang dibuat veto Andrew Jackson untuk menjadikannya presiden paling mungkin untuk memvalokrut bil? || <> Siapa yang menyatakan \"Andrew Jackson telah membuat keputusannya sekarang, biarkan dia menguatkuasakannya!\"? || <> Siapa yang menentang Mahkamah Agung dengan menegakkan Penghapusan Mahkamah Agung? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many bills did George Washington veto?", "id": "56de4529cffd8e1900b4b75d", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many bills did James Monroe veto?", "id": "56de4529cffd8e1900b4b75e", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many bills did Andrew Jackson veto", "id": "56de4529cffd8e1900b4b75f", "answers": [{"text": "twelve", "answer_start": 515}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the seventh President of the United States?", "id": "56de4529cffd8e1900b4b760", "answers": [{"text": "Andrew Jackson", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "George Washington", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "Which president vetoed six bills?", "id": "5ad39d1e604f3c001a3fe8c7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Andrew Jackson", "answer_start": 377}], "question": "Who was the last president to use veto as a political weapon?", "id": "5ad39d1e604f3c001a3fe8c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "twelve", "answer_start": 515}], "question": "How many bills did Andrew Jackson veto to make him the least likely president to veto a bill?", "id": "5ad39d1e604f3c001a3fe8c9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Andrew Jackson", "answer_start": 377}], "question": "Who stated \"Andrew Jackson has made his decision. Now let him enforce it!\"?", "id": "5ad39d1e604f3c001a3fe8ca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Andrew Jackson", "answer_start": 377}], "question": "Who defied the Supreme Court by enforcing Supreme Court Removal?", "id": "5ad39d1e604f3c001a3fe8cb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The first six presidents of the United States did not make extensive use of the veto power: George Washington only vetoed two bills, James Monroe one, and John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams none. James Madison, a firm believer in a strong executive, vetoed seven bills. None of the first six Presidents, however, used the veto to direct national policy. It was Andrew Jackson, the seventh President, who was the first to use the veto as a political weapon. During his two terms in office, he vetoed twelve bills\u2014more than all of his predecessors combined. Furthermore, he defied the Supreme Court in enforcing the policy of ethnically cleansing Native American tribes (\"Indian Removal\"); he stated (perhaps apocryphally), \"John Marshall has made his decision. Now let him enforce it!\""}], ["Dikatakan [oleh siapa?] Di satu pihak perdebatan ini bahawa pemisahan kuasa bermakna kuasa dikongsi di antara cawangan yang berlainan; tiada cawangan boleh bertindak secara unilateral mengenai isu-isu (selain mungkin soalan kecil), tetapi mesti mendapatkan beberapa bentuk perjanjian di seluruh cabang. Maksudnya, \"cek dan timbangan\" terpakai kepada cawangan Kehakiman serta cawangan lain. <> Istilah apa yang digunakan apabila salah satu cawangan kerajaan mesti mendapat kelulusan dari sekurang-kurangnya satu cabang kerajaan yang lain? || cek dan baki <> Apa arti kombinasi antara kuasa? || <> Apa yang tidak terpakai kepada cawangan kehakiman? || <> Apa yang tidak berlaku kepada mana-mana cawangan kerajaan? || <> Cawangan bebas untuk bertindak di mana pada semua isu? || <> Cawangan pemerintah kehakiman adalah satu-satunya yang digunakan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What term is used when one branch of government must get approval from at least one other branch of government?", "id": "56de4bd44396321400ee27a8", "answers": [{"text": "checks and balances", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "powers are shared among different branches", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "What does combination of powers mean?", "id": "5ad3a050604f3c001a3fe98b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "checks and balances", "answer_start": 296}], "question": "What does not apply to the judicial branch?", "id": "5ad3a050604f3c001a3fe98c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "checks and balances", "answer_start": 296}], "question": "What does not apply to any branch of government?", "id": "5ad3a050604f3c001a3fe98d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "unilaterally", "answer_start": 151}], "question": "Branches are free to act in which way on all issues?", "id": "5ad3a050604f3c001a3fe98e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "checks and balances", "answer_start": 296}], "question": "The Judicial branch of government is the only one to which what is applied?", "id": "5ad3a050604f3c001a3fe98f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "It is said[by whom?] on one side of this debate that separation of powers means that powers are shared among different branches; no one branch may act unilaterally on issues (other than perhaps minor questions), but must obtain some form of agreement across branches. That is, it is argued that \"checks and balances\" apply to the Judicial branch as well as to the other branches."}], ["Contoh pandangan kedua di peringkat Negeri ditemui dalam pandangan Mahkamah Agung Florida, bahawa hanya Mahkamah Agung Florida yang boleh melesenkan dan mengawal selia peguam yang hadir di hadapan mahkamah Florida, dan hanya Mahkamah Agung Florida boleh menetapkan peraturan untuk prosedur di Florida mahkamah. [rujukan?] Negeri New Hampshire juga mengikuti sistem ini. [rujukan?] <> Siapa yang boleh memberi lesen dan mengawalselia peguam di Florida? || Mahkamah Agung Florida <> Siapa yang menetapkan prosedur yang harus diikuti di sistem pengadilan Florida? || Mahkamah Agung Florida <> Di mana mahkamah tertinggi adalah contoh pandangan ketiga di peringkat Negeri? || <> Di manakah contoh pandangan kedua di peringkat Kebangsaan ditemui? || <> Pengadilan mana yang satu-satunya yang boleh menetapkan peraturan untuk prosedur di mahkamah Negeri? || <> Pengadilan mana yang satu-satunya yang boleh mengawal pengacara yang hadir di hadapan Mahkamah Agung? || <> Pengadilan mana yang satu-satunya yang boleh melesenkan pengacara yang muncul sebelum Mahkamah Agung New Hampshire? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who may license and regulate attorneys in Florida?", "id": "56de4d6c4396321400ee27bf", "answers": [{"text": "the Florida Supreme Court", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who sets the procedures to be followed in the Florida court system?", "id": "56de4d6c4396321400ee27c0", "answers": [{"text": "the Florida Supreme Court", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Florida Supreme Court", "answer_start": 77}], "question": "In which supreme court is an example of the third view at the State level?", "id": "5ad39e61604f3c001a3fe917", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Florida Supreme Court", "answer_start": 77}], "question": "Where is an example of the second view at the National level found?", "id": "5ad39e61604f3c001a3fe918", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Florida Supreme Court", "answer_start": 224}], "question": "Which court is the only one able to set rules for procedures in State courts?", "id": "5ad39e61604f3c001a3fe919", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Florida Supreme Court", "answer_start": 114}], "question": "Which court is the only one able to regulate attorneys appearing before the Supreme Court?", "id": "5ad39e61604f3c001a3fe91a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Florida Supreme Court", "answer_start": 77}], "question": "Which court is the only one able to license attorneys appearing before New Hampshire Supreme Court?", "id": "5ad39e61604f3c001a3fe91b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "An example of the second view at the State level is found in the view of the Florida Supreme Court, that only the Florida Supreme Court may license and regulate attorneys appearing before the courts of Florida, and only the Florida Supreme Court may set rules for procedures in the Florida courts.[citation needed] The State of New Hampshire also follows this system.[citation needed]"}], ["Contoh pandangan pertama adalah peraturan pengacara dan hakim, dan penubuhan aturan untuk pengadilan, oleh Kongres dan negara-negara anggota legislatif. Walaupun dalam praktiknya perkara ini diwakilkan ke Mahkamah Agung, Kongres memegang kuasa-kuasa ini dan mewakilinya ke Mahkamah Agung hanya untuk kemudahan berdasarkan keahlian Mahkamah Agung, tetapi dapat menarik balik delegasi itu kapan saja. <> Siapa yang mempunyai kongres mewakilkan tanggungjawab untuk menetapkan peraturan-peraturan kelakuan untuk pengadilan? || Mahkamah Agung <> Peraturan Kongres adalah contoh dari apa? || <> Walaupun Mahkamah Agung memegang kuasa-kuasa ini, siapa yang mewakilinya? || <> Dalam amalan, apa yang diwakilkan kepada Kongres? || <> Apa yang tidak dapat dikeluarkan oleh Kongres? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who has congress delegated the responsibility of establishing the rules of conduct for the courts to? ", "id": "56de4ce74396321400ee27b2", "answers": [{"text": "the Supreme Court", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the first view", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "The regulation of Congress is an example of what?", "id": "5ad39f4a604f3c001a3fe955", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 261}], "question": "While Supreme Court holds these powers, who does it delegate them to?", "id": "5ad39f4a604f3c001a3fe956", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "regulation of attorneys and judges, and the establishment of rules for the conduct of the courts,", "answer_start": 36}], "question": "In practice, what is delegated to Congress?", "id": "5ad39f4a604f3c001a3fe957", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "delegation", "answer_start": 415}], "question": "What is Congress unable to withdraw?", "id": "5ad39f4a604f3c001a3fe958", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "An example of the first view is the regulation of attorneys and judges, and the establishment of rules for the conduct of the courts, by the Congress and in the states the legislatures. Although in practice these matters are delegated to the Supreme Court, the Congress holds these powers and delegates them to the Supreme Court only for convenience in light of the Supreme Court's expertise, but can withdraw that delegation at any time."}], ["Orang boleh mendakwa bahawa badan kehakiman telah menjadi yang paling lemah dalam tiga cabang. Malah, kuasa untuk melaksanakan semakan kehakiman-pemeriksaan tunggal bermakna pada dua cawangan lain-tidak diberikan secara eksplisit oleh Perlembagaan U.S. Mahkamah Agung A.S. menjalankan kuasa untuk menyerang tindakan kongres sebagai tidak berperlembagaan hanya dua kali sebelum Perang Saudara: di Marbury v. Madison (1803) dan Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857). Mahkamah Agung kemudiannya telah membuat kajian semula kehakiman lebih luas. <> Cawangan mana yang boleh dikatakan secara historis mendakwa sebagai cabang kerajaan terkuat? || <> Kekuatan mana-mana badan kehakiman diberikan secara eksplisit dalam Perlembagaan? || <> Berapa kali sebelum Dred Scott v. Sandford mempunyai Mahkamah Agung melaksanakan kuasa untuk menyerang perbuatan kongres? || <> Berapa kali sebelum Perang Dunia I mempunyai Mahkamah Agung melaksanakan kuasa untuk menyerang perbuatan kongres? || <> Sebelum Perang Saudara, Marbury telah melaksanakan kuasa untuk menyerang apa jenis tindakan hanya dua kali? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "judiciary", "answer_start": 23}], "question": "Which branch may be historically claimed to be the strongest of the branches of government?", "id": "5ad39b2c604f3c001a3fe899", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "power to exercise judicial review", "answer_start": 103}], "question": "Which power of the judiciary is explicitly granted in the Constitution?", "id": "5ad39b2c604f3c001a3fe89a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "twice", "answer_start": 342}], "question": "How many times prior to Dred Scott v. Sandford had the Supreme Court exercised its power to strike down congressional acts?", "id": "5ad39b2c604f3c001a3fe89b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "twice", "answer_start": 342}], "question": "How many times before World War I has the Supreme Court exercised its power to strike down congressional acts?", "id": "5ad39b2c604f3c001a3fe89c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "congressional", "answer_start": 298}], "question": "Before the Civil War, the Marbury had exercised its power to strike down what type of acts only twice?", "id": "5ad39b2c604f3c001a3fe89d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "One may claim that the judiciary has historically been the weakest of the three branches. In fact, its power to exercise judicial review\u2014its sole meaningful check on the other two branches\u2014is not explicitly granted by the U.S Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court exercised its power to strike down congressional acts as unconstitutional only twice prior to the Civil War: in Marbury v. Madison (1803) and Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857). The Supreme Court has since then made more extensive use of judicial review."}], ["Ramai saintis politik percaya bahawa pemisahan kuasa adalah faktor penentu dalam apa yang mereka lihat sebagai tahap keterbatasan Amerika yang luar biasa. Khususnya, John W. Kingdon membuat hujah ini, mendakwa bahawa pemisahan kuasa menyumbang kepada pembangunan struktur politik yang unik di Amerika Syarikat. Dia menyifatkan sejumlah besar kumpulan minat yang aktif di Amerika Syarikat, sebahagiannya, kepada pemisahan kuasa; ia memberikan kumpulan lebih banyak tempat untuk cuba mempengaruhi, dan mencipta aktiviti kumpulan yang lebih berpotensi. Beliau juga mengutip kerumitannya sebagai salah satu sebab penyertaan penduduk yang lebih rendah. [Rujukan?] <> Apa yang difikirkan ramai saintis politik adalah faktor dalam tahap yang tidak terhad dalam pengecualian Amerika? || <> Yang mendakwa bahawa pemisahan kuasa merosot struktur politik yang unik di AS? || <> Apakah banyak ahli sains politik mengaitkan sebilangan besar kumpulan minat aktif di Amerika Syarikat? || <> Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh John W. Kingdon sebilangan kecil kumpulan minat di Amerika Syarikat? || <> Siapa yang mengaitkan sebilangan kecil kumpulan minat aktif kepada pemisahan kuasa? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "separation of powers", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "What do many political scientists think is a factor in an unlimited degree in American exceptionalism?", "id": "5ad3a0e1604f3c001a3fe9bd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "John W. Kingdon", "answer_start": 161}], "question": "Who claimed that separation of powers deteriorated the unique political structure in the US?", "id": "5ad3a0e1604f3c001a3fe9be", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "separation of powers", "answer_start": 422}], "question": "What do many political scientists attribute the large number of active interest groups in the US to?", "id": "5ad3a0e1604f3c001a3fe9bf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "separation of powers", "answer_start": 422}], "question": "What does John W. Kingdon attribute the small number of interest groups in the US to?", "id": "5ad3a0e1604f3c001a3fe9c0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "John W. Kingdon", "answer_start": 161}], "question": "Who attributes the small number of active interest groups to the separation of powers?", "id": "5ad3a0e1604f3c001a3fe9c1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Many political scientists believe that separation of powers is a decisive factor in what they see as a limited degree of American exceptionalism. In particular, John W. Kingdon made this argument, claiming that separation of powers contributed to the development of a unique political structure in the United States. He attributes the unusually large number of interest groups active in the United States, in part, to the separation of powers; it gives groups more places to try to influence, and creates more potential group activity. He also cites its complexity as one of the reasons for lower citizen participation.[citation needed]"}], ["Beberapa pengganti Jackson tidak menggunakan kuasa veto, sementara yang lain menggunakannya secara berselang-seli. Ia hanya selepas Perang Saudara bahawa presiden mula menggunakan kuasa untuk benar-benar mengimbangi Kongres. Andrew Johnson, seorang Demokrat, memveto beberapa rang undang-undang Rekonstruksikan yang diluluskan oleh \"Radical Republicans.\" Walau bagaimanapun, Kongres berjaya mengalahkan lima belas veto dari dua puluh sembilan Johnson. Selain itu, ia cuba untuk membendung kuasa jawatan presiden dengan meluluskan Akta Hakmilik Pejabat. Akta tersebut memerlukan kelulusan Senat bagi pemecatan pegawai-pegawai Kabinet kanan. Apabila Johnson dengan sengaja melanggar Akta, yang dia rasa adalah tidak berperlembagaan (keputusan Mahkamah Agung kemudian membuktikan kedudukan sedemikian), Dewan Perwakilan mencapainya; dia dibebaskan di Senat dengan satu undi. <> Berapa banyak veto Andrew Johnson telah bertukar oleh Kongres || Lima belas <> Apa tindakan yang dilakukan oleh kongres yang memberikan senat hak untuk meluluskan pemecatan pegawai kabinet? || Tempoh Akta Pejabat <> Selepas perang mana yang dilakukan Kongres mula menggunakan kuasa untuk mengimbangi Presiden? || <> Siapa yang memveto beberapa bil yang diluluskan oleh Demokrat Radikal? || <> Berapa banyak lima belas veto Johnson yang mengatasi Kongres? || <> Berapa banyak daripada veto Kongres '29 menimpa Johnson? || <> Melalui tindakan mana yang dilakukan Jackson untuk membendung kuasa presiden? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many of Andrew Johnson's veto's were over turned by Congress", "id": "56de466e4396321400ee2757", "answers": [{"text": "fifteen", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What act did congress pass that gave the senate the right to approve the dismissal of a cabinet official?", "id": "56de466e4396321400ee2758", "answers": [{"text": "Tenure of Office Act", "answer_start": 460}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Civil War", "answer_start": 119}], "question": "After which war did Congress begin using power to counterbalance the President?", "id": "5ad39da6604f3c001a3fe8f5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Andrew Johnson", "answer_start": 202}], "question": "Who vetoed several bills passed by the Radical Democrats?", "id": "5ad39da6604f3c001a3fe8f6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "twenty-nine", "answer_start": 363}], "question": "How many of Johnson's fifteen vetoes did Congress override?", "id": "5ad39da6604f3c001a3fe8f7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fifteen", "answer_start": 342}], "question": "How many of Congress' 29 vetoes did Johnson override?", "id": "5ad39da6604f3c001a3fe8f8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tenure of Office Act", "answer_start": 460}], "question": "Through which act did Jackson attempt to curb presidential power?", "id": "5ad39da6604f3c001a3fe8f9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some of Jackson's successors made no use of the veto power, while others used it intermittently. It was only after the Civil War that presidents began to use the power to truly counterbalance Congress. Andrew Johnson, a Democrat, vetoed several Reconstruction bills passed by the \"Radical Republicans.\" Congress, however, managed to override fifteen of Johnson's twenty-nine vetoes. Furthermore, it attempted to curb the power of the presidency by passing the Tenure of Office Act. The Act required Senate approval for the dismissal of senior Cabinet officials. When Johnson deliberately violated the Act, which he felt was unconstitutional (Supreme Court decisions later vindicated such a position), the House of Representatives impeached him; he was acquitted in the Senate by one vote."}], ["Richard Nixon menggunakan keselamatan negara sebagai asas untuk pengembangan kuasa. Beliau menegaskan, sebagai contoh, \"kuasa yang wujud Presiden untuk melindungi keselamatan negara\" yang membenarkan beliau untuk membuat pesanan tanpa wayar tanpa waran hakim. Nixon juga menegaskan bahawa \"keistimewaan eksekutif\" melindungi dia dari semua pengawasan perundangan; Tambahan pula, dia menabung dana persekutuan (iaitu, dia enggan membelanjakan wang yang telah diperuntukkan oleh Kongres untuk program-program kerajaan). Walau bagaimanapun dalam kes-kes tertentu, Mahkamah Agung memutuskan terhadap Nixon. Ini juga kerana penyiasatan jenayah yang berterusan ke pita Watergate, walaupun mereka mengakui keperluan umum untuk keistimewaan eksekutif. Sejak itu, pengganti Nixon kadang-kadang menegaskan bahawa mereka mungkin bertindak demi kepentingan keselamatan negara atau keistimewaan eksekutif yang melindungi mereka daripada pengawasan Kongres. Walaupun tuntutan-tuntutan tersebut secara amnya lebih terhad daripada Nixon, seseorang mungkin masih menyimpulkan bahawa kuasa presiden telah meningkat sejak abad kelapan belas dan kesembilan belas. <> Berdasarkan apa dasar Richard Nixon menegaskan pengembangan kuasa Presiden? || keselamatan negara <> Siapa yang menggunakan Mahkamah Agung sebagai asas untuk pengembangan kuasa? || <> Yang mendakwa bahawa keistimewaan eksekutif tidak melindungi dirinya dari pengawasan undang-undang? || <> Yang mana presiden enggan membelanjakan wang yang diperuntukkan oleh Mahkamah Agung? || <> Ke mana pita ada penyiasatan sivil yang berterusan? || <> Presiden mana yang mengikuti rancangan Kongres untuk program kerajaan yang diperuntukkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Under what basis did Richard Nixon assert an expansion of the power of the President?", "id": "56de48f7cffd8e1900b4b793", "answers": [{"text": "national security", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Richard Nixon", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who used the Supreme Court as a basis for expansion of power?", "id": "5ad3a4a3604f3c001a3fea8b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nixon", "answer_start": 246}], "question": "Who claimed that executive privilege did not shield him from legislative oversight?", "id": "5ad3a4a3604f3c001a3fea8c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nixon", "answer_start": 246}], "question": "Which president refused to spend money that was appropriated by the Supreme Court?", "id": "5ad3a4a3604f3c001a3fea8d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Watergate tapes", "answer_start": 632}], "question": "Into which tapes was there an ongoing civil investigation?", "id": "5ad3a4a3604f3c001a3fea8e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nixon", "answer_start": 246}], "question": "Which president followed Congress' plan for appropriated government programs?", "id": "5ad3a4a3604f3c001a3fea8f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Richard Nixon used national security as a basis for his expansion of power. He asserted, for example, that \"the inherent power of the President to safeguard the security of the nation\" authorized him to order a wiretap without a judge's warrant. Nixon also asserted that \"executive privilege\" shielded him from all legislative oversight; furthermore, he impounded federal funds (that is to say, he refused to spend money that Congress had appropriated for government programs). In the specific cases aforementioned, however, the Supreme Court ruled against Nixon. This was also because of an ongoing criminal investigation into the Watergate tapes, even though they acknowledged the general need for executive privilege. Since then, Nixon's successors have sometimes asserted that they may act in the interests of national security or that executive privilege shields them from Congressional oversight. Though such claims have in general been more limited than Nixon's, one may still conclude that the presidency's power has been greatly augmented since the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries."}], ["Impeachment Johnson dilihat telah melakukan kerosakan besar kepada presiden, yang hampir menjadi bawahan kepada Kongres. Ada yang percaya bahawa presiden akan menjadi sosok semata-mata, dengan Yang di-Pertua Dewan Perwakilan menjadi Perdana Menteri de facto. Grover Cleveland, Presiden Demokrat pertama yang mengikuti Johnson, cuba memulihkan kuasa pejabatnya. Semasa penggal pertamanya, dia melelongkan lebih daripada empat ratus bil-dua kali lebih banyak bil seperti yang digabungkan dua puluh satu terdahulu. Beliau juga mula menggantung birokrat yang dilantik sebagai hasil daripada sistem perlindungan, menggantikan mereka dengan lebih banyak individu \"layak\". Walau bagaimanapun, Senat enggan mengesahkan banyak pencalonan baru, sebaliknya menuntut Cleveland menyerahkan rekod rahsia yang berkaitan dengan penggantungan itu. Cleveland dengan tegas menolak, menegaskan, \"Penggantungan ini adalah tindakan eksekutif saya ... Saya tidak bertanggungjawab kepada Senat, dan saya tidak mahu mengemukakan tindakan saya kepada mereka untuk dihakimi.\" Sokongan popular Cleveland memaksa Senat mundur dan mengesahkan pencalonan. Selanjutnya, Kongres akhirnya memansuhkan Akta Tenaga Kerja kontroversi yang telah diluluskan semasa Pentadbiran Johnson. Keseluruhannya, ini bermakna bahawa Pentadbiran Cleveland menandakan berakhirnya subordinasi presiden. <> Siapa presiden pertama untuk veto lebih 400 bil? || Grover Cleveland <> Di bawah mana Presiden adalah Akta Tempoh Akta yang dimansuhkan? || Grover Cleveland <> Apa yang dilakukan impak Cleveland kepada presiden? || <> Siapa yang dipecat dianggap telah membantu jawatan presiden? || <> Badan pemerintahan mana yang mana kerana bawahan kepada presiden? || <> Selepas Grover Cleveland, yang merupakan Presiden Demokratik yang pertama? || <> Siapa Presiden Republik pertama selepas Johnson? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the first president to veto over 400 bills?", "id": "56de471ccffd8e1900b4b76f", "answers": [{"text": "Grover Cleveland", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Under which President was the Tenure of Office Act repealed? ", "id": "56de471ccffd8e1900b4b770", "answers": [{"text": "Grover Cleveland", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "damage", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "What did Cleveland's impeachment do to the presidency?", "id": "5ad3a323604f3c001a3fea4f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Johnson", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who's impeachment was perceived as having helped the presidency?", "id": "5ad3a323604f3c001a3fea50", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 120}], "question": "Which body of government because subordinate to the presidency?", "id": "5ad3a323604f3c001a3fea51", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Johnson", "answer_start": 339}], "question": "After Grover Cleveland, who was the first Democratic President?", "id": "5ad3a323604f3c001a3fea52", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Grover Cleveland", "answer_start": 280}], "question": "Who was the first Republican President after Johnson?", "id": "5ad3a323604f3c001a3fea53", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Johnson's impeachment was perceived to have done great damage to the presidency, which came to be almost subordinate to Congress. Some believed that the president would become a mere figurehead, with the Speaker of the House of Representatives becoming a de facto Prime Minister. Grover Cleveland, the first Democratic President following Johnson, attempted to restore the power of his office. During his first term, he vetoed over four hundred bills\u2014twice as many bills as his twenty-one predecessors combined. He also began to suspend bureaucrats who were appointed as a result of the patronage system, replacing them with more \"deserving\" individuals. The Senate, however, refused to confirm many new nominations, instead demanding that Cleveland turn over the confidential records relating to the suspensions. Cleveland steadfastly refused, asserting, \"These suspensions are my executive acts ... I am not responsible to the Senate, and I am unwilling to submit my actions to them for judgment.\" Cleveland's popular support forced the Senate to back down and confirm the nominees. Furthermore, Congress finally repealed the controversial Tenure of Office Act that had been passed during the Johnson Administration. Overall, this meant that Cleveland's Administration marked the end of presidential subordination."}], ["Beberapa presiden abad ke-20 telah berusaha untuk meluaskan kuasa jawatan presiden. Contohnya, Theodore Roosevelt mendakwa bahawa presiden dibenarkan melakukan apa yang tidak dilarang secara eksplisit oleh undang-undang - secara langsung berbeza dengan penggantinya, William Howard Taft. Franklin Delano Roosevelt memegang kuasa besar semasa Kemelesetan Besar. Kongres telah memberikan kuasa penguasa Franklin Roosevelt; di Panama Refining v. Ryan, Mahkamah untuk pertama kalinya memecah delegasi kuasa Kongres sebagai melanggar doktrin pemisahan kuasa. Veteran Schechter Poultry Corp. v. Amerika Syarikat yang disebutkan di atas, satu lagi kekalahan kuasa, juga diputuskan semasa presiden Franklin Roosevelt. Sebagai tindak balas kepada keputusan Mahkamah Agung yang tidak menguntungkan, Roosevelt memperkenalkan rancangan \"Pembungkusan Mahkamah\", di mana lebih banyak kerusi akan ditambah ke Mahkamah Agung untuk dipenuhi oleh presiden. Rancangan sedemikian (yang dikalahkan di Kongres) akan serius merosakkan kebebasan kehakiman dan kuasa. <> Yang manakah Presiden cuba membungkus mahkamah tertinggi? || Franklin Roosevelt <> Siapa yang telah memberikan autoriti Franklin Roosevelt semasa kemurungan yang besar? || Kongres <> Yang presiden telah cuba untuk mengurangkan kuasa pejabat presiden? || <> Siapa yang mendakwa presiden tidak dibenarkan melakukan apa pun yang tidak dibenarkan oleh undang-undang? || <> Siapa yang gagal mempunyai kuasa besar semasa Kemelesetan Besar? || <> Siapa yang mempunyai kuasa besar semasa Kemelesetan Besar? || <> Siapa yang memperkenalkan rancangan untuk mengurangkan bilangan jawatan Mahkamah Agung untuk mengisi jawatan presiden? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which President attempted to pack the supreme court?", "id": "56de485ccffd8e1900b4b787", "answers": [{"text": "Franklin Roosevelt", "answer_start": 398}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who had granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority during the great depression?", "id": "56de485ccffd8e1900b4b789", "answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "twentieth-century presidents", "answer_start": 8}], "question": "Which presidents have tried to decrease the power of the presidential office?", "id": "5ad3a3c6604f3c001a3fea6d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Theodore Roosevelt", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "Who claimed the president was not permitted to do whatever wasn't allowed by law?", "id": "5ad3a3c6604f3c001a3fea6e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Franklin Delano Roosevelt", "answer_start": 298}], "question": "Who failed to have considerable power during the Great Depression?", "id": "5ad3a3c6604f3c001a3fea6f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Franklin Delano Roosevelt", "answer_start": 298}], "question": "Who had considerable power during the Great Recession?", "id": "5ad3a3c6604f3c001a3fea70", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Roosevelt", "answer_start": 806}], "question": "Who introduced a plan to decrease the number of Supreme Court seats for the president to fill?", "id": "5ad3a3c6604f3c001a3fea71", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Several twentieth-century presidents have attempted to greatly expand the power of the presidency. Theodore Roosevelt, for instance, claimed that the president was permitted to do whatever was not explicitly prohibited by the law\u2014in direct contrast to his immediate successor, William Howard Taft. Franklin Delano Roosevelt held considerable power during the Great Depression. Congress had granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority; in Panama Refining v. Ryan, the Court for the first time struck down a Congressional delegation of power as violative of the doctrine of separation of powers. The aforementioned Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, another separation of powers case, was also decided during Franklin Roosevelt's presidency. In response to many unfavorable Supreme Court decisions, Roosevelt introduced a \"Court Packing\" plan, under which more seats would be added to the Supreme Court for the president to fill. Such a plan (which was defeated in Congress) would have seriously undermined the judiciary's independence and power."}]], [["Antara falsafah yang mempengaruhi arkitek moden dan pendekatan mereka untuk membina reka bentuk adalah rasionalisme, empirisisme, struktur, poststrukturalisme, dan fenomenologi. <> Apakah beberapa falsafah yang digunakan arkitek moden? || rasionalisme, empirisisme, struktur struktur, poststrukturalisme, dan fenomenologi. <> Rasionalisme dan empirisisme adalah contoh dari apa? || falsafah <> Selain arkitek apa pengaruh falsafah? || pendekatan mereka untuk membina reka bentuk <> Falsafah mana yang mengikut struktur? || poststructuralism <> Apakah beberapa falsafah yang digunakan arkitek purba? || <> Rasionalisme dan empirisisme bukan contoh dari apa? || <> Falsafah mana yang berlaku sebelum strukturalisme? || <> Selain arkitek apa pengaruh rasionalisme? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are some philosophies that modern architects use?", "id": "56de2f73cffd8e1900b4b63c", "answers": [{"text": "rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Rationalism and empiricism are examples of what?", "id": "56e478328c00841900fbafa7", "answers": [{"text": "philosophies", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from the architects what did the philosophies influence?", "id": "56e478328c00841900fbafa9", "answers": [{"text": "their approach to building design", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which philosophy followed structuralism?", "id": "56e478328c00841900fbafaa", "answers": [{"text": "poststructuralism", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "rationalism, empiricism, structuralism", "answer_start": 104}], "question": "What are some philosophies that ancient architects use?", "id": "5acf9f1977cf76001a6855a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "philosophies", "answer_start": 10}], "question": " Rationalism and empiricism are not examples of what?", "id": "5acf9f1977cf76001a6855a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "poststructuralism", "answer_start": 144}], "question": " Which philosophy came before structuralism?", "id": "5acf9f1977cf76001a6855a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "their approach", "answer_start": 66}], "question": " Aside from the architects what did the rationalism influence?", "id": "5acf9f1977cf76001a6855a9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology."}], ["Pada awal abad ke-19, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin menulis Kontras (1836) yang, sebagaimana yang dicadangkan, membezakan dunia moden, perindustrian, yang dikecamnya, dengan imej dunia neo-zaman pertengahan. Senibina Goth, Pugin percaya, adalah satu-satunya bentuk seni bina Kristian yang benar. \" <> Siapa yang menulis buku Contrasts? || Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin <> Apa tahun berturut-turut ditulis? || 1836 <> Apa nama buku Pugin? || Kontras <> Pada tahun apakah bertuliskan Kontras? || 1836 <> Dunia apa yang tidak suka Pugin? || moden, dunia perindustrian <> Apa jenis seni bina yang Pugin menganggap benar-benar Kristian? || Gothic <> Buku apa yang ditulis pada abad ke-18? || <> Siapa yang menulis Kontras pada abad ke-17? || <> Bilakah Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin melukis karya seni yang disebut Kontras? || <> Dunia apa yang dilakukan Pugin? || <> Jenis seni bina apa yang Pugin menganggap benar-benar bukan Kristian? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who wrote the book Contrasts?", "id": "56de2cf84396321400ee262f", "answers": [{"text": "Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Contrasts written in?", "id": "56de2cf84396321400ee2630", "answers": [{"text": "1836", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Pugin's book?", "id": "56e464f48c00841900fbaf83", "answers": [{"text": "Contrasts", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Contrasts written?", "id": "56e464f48c00841900fbaf84", "answers": [{"text": "1836", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What world did Pugin dislike?", "id": "56e464f48c00841900fbaf85", "answers": [{"text": "modern, industrial world", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of architecture did Pugin consider truly Christian?", "id": "56e464f48c00841900fbaf86", "answers": [{"text": "Gothic", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Contrasts", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "What book was written in the 18th century? ", "id": "5acf9bfc77cf76001a68548e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "Who wrote Contrasts in the 17th century?", "id": "5acf9bfc77cf76001a68548f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "19th century", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "When did Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin paint the artwork called Contrasts?", "id": "5acf9bfc77cf76001a685490", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "modern", "answer_start": 127}], "question": " What world did Pugin like?", "id": "5acf9bfc77cf76001a685491", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Gothic", "answer_start": 221}], "question": " What type of architecture did Pugin consider truly non-Christian?", "id": "5acf9bfc77cf76001a685492", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only \"true Christian form of architecture.\""}], ["Pengkritik seni Inggeris abad ke-19, John Ruskin, dalam Tujuh Lampu Senibinanya, yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1849, jauh lebih sempit dalam pandangannya tentang seni bina yang terbentuk. Seni bina adalah \"seni yang melampau dan menghiasi bangunan-bangunan yang dibangkitkan oleh lelaki ... bahawa penglihatan mereka\" menyumbangkan \"kepada kesihatan mental, daya, dan kesenangannya\". <> Siapa yang menulis Seven Lamps of Architecture? || John Ruskin <> Siapakah pengarang Tujuh Lampu Senibina? || John Ruskin <> Apakah kerjaya Ruskin? || kritikan seni <> Bilakah Tujuh Lampu Senibina diterbitkan? || 1849 <> Apa, menurut Ruskin, harus melihat seni bina menyumbang kepada penontonnya? || kepada kesihatan mental, daya, dan kesenangannya <> Siapa yang menulis Lapan Lampu Senibina? || <> Bilakah John Ruskin menulis Tujuh Lampu Senibina? || <> Buku apa yang keluar pada abad ke-18? || <> Apa yang diajar John Ruskin di kolej? || <> Siapa kata \"seni yang tidak pernah melupuskan dan menghiasi bangunan-bangunan\" ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture?", "id": "56de2d214396321400ee2633", "answers": [{"text": "John Ruskin", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the author of Seven Lamps of Architecture?", "id": "56e472028c00841900fbaf8b", "answers": [{"text": "John Ruskin", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Ruskin's career? ", "id": "56e472028c00841900fbaf8c", "answers": [{"text": "art critic", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was  Seven Lamps of Architecture published?", "id": "56e472028c00841900fbaf8d", "answers": [{"text": "1849", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What, according to Ruskin, should looking at architecture contribute to its viewer?", "id": "56e472028c00841900fbaf8e", "answers": [{"text": "to his mental health, power, and pleasure", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "John Ruskin", "answer_start": 37}], "question": " Who wrote Eight Lamps of Architecture?", "id": "5acf9c5077cf76001a6854b4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "19th-century", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "When did John Ruskin write the Seven Lamps of Architecture?", "id": "5acf9c5077cf76001a6854b5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "John Ruskin", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "What book came out in the 18th century?", "id": "5acf9c5077cf76001a6854b6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "art critic", "answer_start": 25}], "question": "What subject did John Ruskin teach in college?", "id": "5acf9c5077cf76001a6854b7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "John Ruskin", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "Who said \"art which never disposes and adorns the edifices\"", "id": "5acf9c5077cf76001a6854b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the \"art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them\" contributes \"to his mental health, power, and pleasure\"."}], ["Mengenai perbezaan antara cita-cita arsitektur dan pembinaan semata-mata, arkitek terkenal abad ke-20, Le Corbusier menulis: \"Anda menggunakan batu, kayu, dan konkrit, dan dengan bahan-bahan ini anda membina rumah-rumah dan istana: itu pembinaan. Tetapi tiba-tiba anda menyentuh hati saya, anda berbuat baik kepada saya, saya gembira dan saya berkata: Ini cantik, iaitu Seni Bina \". <> Berapa abad lamanya arkitek Le Corbusier? || Abad ke-20 <> Siapa yang menulis tentang topik ideologi seni bina berbanding dengan pembinaan yang mudah? || Le Corbusier <> Apakah profesion Le Corbusier? || Arkitek <> Bilakah Le Corbusier hidup dan menulis? || Abad ke-20 <> Apa bahagiannya yang dilakukan Le Corbusier mengatakan senibina yang betul menyentuh? || hati <> Apa emosi yang dilakukan Le Corbusier mengatakan seni bina meletakkannya? || Saya gembira <> Berapa abad yang arkitek Le Corbusier dilahirkan? || <> Siapa yang tidak bersetuju dengan topik ideologi seni bina yang bertentangan dengan pembinaan yang mudah? || <> Pekerjaan apa yang Le Corbusier berhenti? || <> Siapa kata \"Anda tidak menggunakan batu, kayu, dan konkrit\" || <> Siapa kata \"Saya gembira dan saya berkata: Ini cantik, bukan Senibina\" ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What century was the architect Le Corbusier in?", "id": "56de2db3cffd8e1900b4b62e", "answers": [{"text": "20th-century", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote on the topic of architectural ideals contrasted with simple construction? ", "id": "56e4744d39bdeb140034793a", "answers": [{"text": "Le Corbusier", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Le Corbusier 's profession?", "id": "56e4744d39bdeb140034793b", "answers": [{"text": "Architect", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Le Corbusier live and write?", "id": "56e4744d39bdeb140034793c", "answers": [{"text": "20th-century", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of him did Le Corbusier say proper architecture touched?", "id": "56e4744d39bdeb140034793d", "answers": [{"text": "heart", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What state of emotion did Le Corbusier say architecture put him in?", "id": "56e4744d39bdeb140034793e", "answers": [{"text": "I am happy", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "20th-century", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "What century was the architect Le Corbusier born?", "id": "5acf9d2177cf76001a685508", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Le Corbusier", "answer_start": 112}], "question": "Who disagreed on the topic of architectural ideals contrasted with simple construction?", "id": "5acf9d2177cf76001a685509", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "architect", "answer_start": 102}], "question": "What job did Le Corbusier quit?", "id": "5acf9d2177cf76001a68550a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Le Corbusier", "answer_start": 112}], "question": "Who said \"You don't employ stone, wood, and concrete\"", "id": "5acf9d2177cf76001a68550b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Le Corbusier", "answer_start": 112}], "question": "Who said \"I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is not Architecture\"", "id": "5acf9d2177cf76001a68550c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: \"You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture\"."}], ["Pada akhir abad ke-20 konsep baru telah ditambah kepada yang termasuk dalam kompas kedua-dua struktur dan fungsi, pertimbangan keberlanjutan, maka seni bina yang mampan. Untuk memenuhi etos kontemporari bangunan harus dibina dengan cara yang mesra alam dari segi pengeluaran bahan-bahannya, kesannya terhadap persekitaran semula jadi dan binaan kawasan sekitarnya dan tuntutan yang dibuat pada sumber kuasa yang tidak berkesinambungan untuk pemanasan, penyejukan, pengurusan air dan sisa dan pencahayaan. <> Kapan arus, senibina lestari digunakan? || akhir abad ke 20 <> Konsep novel apa yang diperkenalkan pada akhir abad ke-20? || kemampanan <> Kepada apa yang harus menjadi mesra bangunan? || persekitaran <> Apa jenis sumber kuasa harus bangunan tidak terlalu berlebihan jika bangunan itu dianggap ramah lingkungan? || sumber tenaga yang tidak mampan <> Kapan arsitektur yang tidak dapat dikekalkan dan digunakan? || <> Konsep novel apa yang diperkenalkan pada akhir abad ke-19? || <> Kepada apa bangunan sepatutnya tidak mesra? || <> Apa jenis sumber kuasa harus bangunan selalu berlebihan jika bangunan itu dianggap ramah lingkungan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the conecept, Sustainable architecture used?", "id": "56de308f4396321400ee266e", "answers": [{"text": "late 20th century", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What novel concept was introduced at the end of the 20th century?", "id": "56e4793839bdeb140034794e", "answers": [{"text": "sustainability", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what should a building be friendly?", "id": "56e4793839bdeb140034794f", "answers": [{"text": "environment", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of power sources should a building not overuse if the building is to be considered environmentally friendly?", "id": "56e4793839bdeb1400347950", "answers": [{"text": "non-sustainable power sources", "answer_start": 450}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "late 20th century", "answer_start": 7}], "question": "When was the conecept, unsustainable architecture used?", "id": "5acfa14d77cf76001a6855e8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sustainability", "answer_start": 135}], "question": "What novel concept was introduced at the end of the 19th century?", "id": "5acfa14d77cf76001a6855e9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "environment", "answer_start": 379}], "question": "To what should a building be not friendly?", "id": "5acfa14d77cf76001a6855ea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "non-sustainable power sources", "answer_start": 450}], "question": "What sort of power sources should a building always overuse if the building is to be considered environmentally friendly?", "id": "5acfa14d77cf76001a6855eb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting."}], ["Untuk Ruskin, estetika adalah penting. Kerja-kerja beliau terus menyatakan bahawa sebuah bangunan bukanlah suatu karya seni bina melainkan ia \"dihiasi\". Untuk Ruskin, sebuah bangunan yang dibina dengan baik, seimbang dan berfungsi memerlukan kursus rentetan atau rustication, sekurang-kurangnya. <> Adakah Ruskin percaya semua bangunan adalah karya seni bina? || tidak <> Apa yang paling penting dalam seni bina menurut Ruskin? || estetika <> Untuk menjadi seni bina sebenar dalam pendapat Ruskin apa yang perlu dilakukan untuk struktur? || ia dalam beberapa cara \"dihiasi\" <> Ciri-ciri apa sekurang-kurangnya apakah Ruskin berkeras untuk bangunan yang dianggap berfungsi? || kursus rentetan atau rustication <> Siapa yang percaya semua bangunan adalah karya seni bina? || <> Apa yang kurang penting dalam seni bina mengikut Ruskin? || <> Untuk menjadi seni bina sebenar dalam pendapat Ruskin apa yang tidak boleh dilakukan pada struktur? || <> Ciri-ciri apa yang paling maksimum apakah Ruskin berkeras untuk bangunan yang dianggap berfungsi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Does Ruskin believe all buildings are works of architecture?", "id": "56de2d84cffd8e1900b4b62c", "answers": [{"text": "not", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was most significant in architecture according to Ruskin?", "id": "56e4731e8c00841900fbaf93", "answers": [{"text": "the aesthetic", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To be true architecture in Ruskin's opinion what should be done to a structure?", "id": "56e4731e8c00841900fbaf94", "answers": [{"text": "it is in some way \"adorned\"", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What features at minimum did Ruskin insist on for a building to be considered functional?", "id": "56e4731e8c00841900fbaf95", "answers": [{"text": "string courses or rustication", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ruskin", "answer_start": 176}], "question": "Who believes all buildings are works of architecture?", "id": "5acf9cb577cf76001a6854dc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "aesthetic", "answer_start": 16}], "question": " What was least significant in architecture according to Ruskin?", "id": "5acf9cb577cf76001a6854dd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "adorned", "answer_start": 162}], "question": "To be true architecture in Ruskin's opinion what should never be done to a structure?", "id": "5acf9cb577cf76001a6854de", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "string courses or rustication", "answer_start": 250}], "question": "What features at maximum did Ruskin insist on for a building to be considered functional?", "id": "5acf9cb577cf76001a6854df", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way \"adorned\". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least."}], ["Walaupun tanggapan bahawa pertimbangan struktur dan estetik harus sepenuhnya tertakluk kepada fungsi yang dipenuhi dengan populariti dan keraguan, ia mempunyai kesan memperkenalkan konsep \"fungsi\" sebagai ganti \"utiliti\" Vitruvius. \"Fungsi\" dilihat sebagai merangkumi semua kriteria penggunaan, persepsi dan kesenangan bangunan, bukan hanya praktikal tetapi juga estetika, psikologi dan budaya. <> Apa istilah digantikan dengan \"utiliti\" istilah Vitruvius? || Fungsi <> Selain daripada praktikalnya, aspek-aspek lain yang diperlukan bangunan perlu dipertimbangkan berfungsi? || estetik, psikologi dan kebudayaan <> Konsep utiliti yang manakah konsep pengganti berfungsi lebih moden? || Vitruvius <> Apakah aspek bangunan yang dianggap sebahagian daripada konsep fungsi yang lebih besar? || semua kriteria penggunaan, persepsi dan kesenangan bangunan <> Apakah tindak balas kepada idea bahawa fungsi harus datang sebelum kebimbangan lain? || kedua-dua populariti dan skeptisisme <> Apa istilah menggantikan istilah \"ketidaktahuran\" istilah Vitruvius? || <> Apakah istilah \"kriteria\" digantikan oleh? || <> Konsep utiliti yang manakah konsep fungsi yang lebih moden tidak diganti? || <> Apakah aspek bangunan yang dianggap sebahagian daripada konsep fungsi yang lebih kecil? || <> Apakah tindak balas kepada idea bahawa fungsi tidak boleh datang sebelum kebimbangan lain? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What term replaced Vitruvius' term \"utility\"?", "id": "56de2e2d4396321400ee2644", "answers": [{"text": "Function", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to being practically useful what other aspects did a building need in order to be considered functional?", "id": "56e4756e8c00841900fbaf99", "answers": [{"text": "aesthetic, psychological and cultural", "answer_start": 380}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose concept of utility did the more modern concept of function replace?", "id": "56e4756e8c00841900fbaf9a", "answers": [{"text": "Vitruvius", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What aspects of a building were considered part of the larger concept of function?", "id": "56e4756e8c00841900fbaf9b", "answers": [{"text": "all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the reactions to the idea that function should come before other concerns?", "id": "56e4756e8c00841900fbaf9c", "answers": [{"text": "both popularity and skepticism", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "function", "answer_start": 200}], "question": "What term replaced Vitruvius' term \"nonutility\"?", "id": "5acf9df677cf76001a68554c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "utility", "answer_start": 234}], "question": "What was the term \"criteria\" replaced by? ", "id": "5acf9df677cf76001a68554d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Vitruvius", "answer_start": 222}], "question": "Whose concept of utility did the more modern concept of function not replace?", "id": "5acf9df677cf76001a68554e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building", "answer_start": 287}], "question": "What aspects of a building were considered part of the smaller concept of function?", "id": "5acf9df677cf76001a68554f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "both popularity and skepticism", "answer_start": 119}], "question": "What were the reactions to the idea that function should never come before other concerns?", "id": "5acf9df677cf76001a685550", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of \"function\" in place of Vitruvius' \"utility\". \"Function\" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural."}], ["Senibina (arsitek Latin, dari bahasa Yunani \u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd arkhitekton \"arkitek\", dari \u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9- \"ketua\" dan \u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \"pembina\") adalah kedua-dua proses dan produk perancangan, reka bentuk, dan pembinaan bangunan dan struktur fizikal lain. Kerja seni bina, dalam bentuk bahan bangunan, sering dianggap sebagai simbol kebudayaan dan sebagai karya seni. Tamadun sejarah sering dikenal pasti dengan pencapaian seni bina mereka yang masih hidup. <> Apakah perkataan latin untuk seni bina? || Seni Bina <> Dalam bahasa apakah perkataan \"arsitektur\" mempunyai asal usul? || Greek <> Apa dua kata adalah \"seni bina\" gabungan? || \u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9- \"ketua\" dan \u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \"pembina\" <> Seni bina melibatkan penciptaan apa? || bangunan dan struktur fizikal lain <> Selain daripada melambangkan budaya, apa lagi yang difikirkan sebagai karya seni bina? || sebagai karya seni <> Apa yang boleh digunakan oleh seni bina untuk mengenal pasti? || Peradaban sejarah <> Apakah perkataan Perancis untuk seni bina? || <> Apakah perkataan Itali untuk seni bina? || <> Apa yang anda panggil pemusnahan bangunan? || <> Struktur apa yang tidak pernah dilihat sebagai karya seni dan simbol budaya tertentu? || <> Peradaban dari masa lalu tidak akan dikenal pasti oleh apa struktur yang masih hidup? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the latin word for architecture?", "id": "56de29c64396321400ee2617", "answers": [{"text": "Architectural", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what language does the word \"architecture\" have its origins?", "id": "56e4607b39bdeb1400347930", "answers": [{"text": "Greek", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two words is \"architecture\" a combination of?", "id": "56e4607b39bdeb1400347931", "answers": [{"text": "\u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9- \"chief\" and \u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \"builder\"", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Architecture involves the creation of what?", "id": "56e4607b39bdeb1400347932", "answers": [{"text": "buildings and other physical structures", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from symbolizing cultures, what else are architectural works thought of as?", "id": "56e4607b39bdeb1400347933", "answers": [{"text": "as works of art", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can extant architectural works be used to identify?", "id": "56e4607b39bdeb1400347934", "answers": [{"text": "Historical civilizations", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "arkhitekton", "answer_start": 60}], "question": "What is the french word for architecture?", "id": "5acf951e77cf76001a68535c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "chief", "answer_start": 97}], "question": " What is the Italian word for architecture?", "id": "5acf951e77cf76001a68535d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Architecture", "answer_start": 0}], "question": " What do you call the destruction of buildings?", "id": "5acf951e77cf76001a68535e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Architectural works", "answer_start": 244}], "question": "What structures never be viewed as both works of art and symbols of certain cultures?", "id": "5acf951e77cf76001a68535f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "architectural achievements", "answer_start": 428}], "question": "Civilizations from the past will never be identified by what surviving structures?", "id": "5acf951e77cf76001a685360", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek \u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd arkhitekton \"architect\", from \u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9- \"chief\" and \u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \"builder\") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements."}], ["Kerja bertulis awal yang paling awal mengenai subjek seni bina ialah De architectura, oleh arkitek Vitruvius Rom pada awal abad ke-1 Masehi. Menurut Vitruvius, sebuah bangunan yang baik sepatutnya memenuhi tiga prinsip firmitas, utilitas, venustas, yang biasanya dikenali oleh terjemahan asal - ketegasan, komoditi dan kegembiraan. Setaraf dalam Bahasa Inggeris moden adalah: <> Apakah rancangan seni bina tertua yang telah terselamat? || De architectura <> Siapa yang membuat rancangan seni bina yang paling tua? || Arkitek Rom Vitruvius <> Bilakah Vitruvius membuat rancangan ini? || Abad ke-1 AD. <> Apakah tiga prinsip setiap pelan perlu dipertimbangkan? || ketegasan, komoditi dan kegembiraan. <> Apa yang ditulis dahulu tentang senibina yang disebut dahulu? || De architectura <> Siapa pengarang De architectura? || Vitruvius <> Apakah profesi Vitruvius? || arkitek <> Apakah tiga prinsip Vitruvius untuk bangunan yang dibuat dengan baik? || firmitas, utilitas, venustas <> Apa terjemahan bahasa Inggeris yang lazim dilihat dari tiga prinsip? || ketegasan, komoditi dan kegembiraan <> Apakah rancangan seni bina termuda yang telah terselamat? || <> Siapa yang membuat rancangan seni bina paling terkini? || <> Apa yang ditulis pada abad ke-2 AD? || <> Apakah prinsip keempat Vitruvius untuk bangunan yang dibuat dengan baik? || <> Apakah terjemahan bahasa Inggeris yang lazim dilihat dari tiga prinsip itu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the oldest architecture plans that has survived?", "id": "56de2b2d4396321400ee261d", "answers": [{"text": "De architectura", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created the oldest surviving architecture plans?", "id": "56de2b2d4396321400ee261e", "answers": [{"text": "Roman architect Vitruvius", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Vitruvius create these plans?", "id": "56de2b2d4396321400ee261f", "answers": [{"text": "1st century AD.", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the three principles every plan should consider?", "id": "56de2b2d4396321400ee2620", "answers": [{"text": "firmness, commodity and delight.", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the first known extant writing about architecture called?", "id": "56e462c98c00841900fbaf6f", "answers": [{"text": "De architectura", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the author of  De architectura?", "id": "56e462c98c00841900fbaf70", "answers": [{"text": "Vitruvius", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Vitruvius' profession?", "id": "56e462c98c00841900fbaf71", "answers": [{"text": "architect", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were Vitruvius' three principles for a well made building?", "id": "56e462c98c00841900fbaf72", "answers": [{"text": "firmitas, utilitas, venustas", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the commonly seen English translation of the three principles?", "id": "56e462c98c00841900fbaf73", "answers": [{"text": "firmness, commodity and delight", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "De architectura", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "What is the youngest architecture plans that has survived?", "id": "5acf961377cf76001a685394", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Vitruvius", "answer_start": 110}], "question": "Who created the most recent surviving architecture plans?", "id": "5acf961377cf76001a685395", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "What was written in the 2nd century AD?", "id": "5acf961377cf76001a685396", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "delight", "answer_start": 327}], "question": " What was Vitruvius' fourth principles for a well made building?", "id": "5acf961377cf76001a685397", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "firmitas, utilitas, venustas", "answer_start": 228}], "question": " What is the commonly seen French translation of the three principles?", "id": "5acf961377cf76001a685398", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation \u2013 firmness, commodity and delight. An equivalent in modern English would be:"}], ["Menurut Vitruvius, arkitek harus berusaha untuk memenuhi setiap tiga sifat ini dan mungkin. Leon Battista Alberti, yang menguraikan idea-idea Vitruvius dalam risalahnya, De Re Aedificatoria, menyaksikan keindahan terutamanya sebagai perkadaran, walaupun perhiasan juga memainkan peranan. Bagi Alberti, peraturan perkadaran adalah mereka yang memerintah tokoh manusia yang ideal, makna Golden. Aspek kecantikan yang paling penting adalah sebahagian dari sesuatu objek yang melekat, bukan sesuatu yang digunakan secara dangkal; dan didasarkan pada kebenaran sejagat, yang dikenali. Pengertian gaya dalam seni tidak dikembangkan hingga abad ke-16, dengan penulisan Vasari: pada abad ke-18, Kehidupannya Pelukis, Pemahat dan Arsitek Paling Cemerlang telah diterjemahkan ke bahasa Itali, Perancis, Sepanyol dan Inggeris. <> Kapan gaya seni dicipta? || Abad ke-16 <> Siapa yang menulis Kehidupan Pelukis, Pemahat, dan Arsitek Paling Cemerlang? || Vasari <> Pada abad ke-18 yang bahasa-bahasa diterjemahkan ke dalam buku Vasaris? || Itali, Perancis, Sepanyol dan Inggeris <> Dalam minda Vitruvius, yang tanggungjawabnya untuk melihat prinsip-prinsip yang dijalankan? || arkitek <> Siapa yang menulis De Re Aedificatoria? || Leon Battista Alberti <> Apa yang dikatakan Leon Battista Alberti yang paling penting untuk kecantikan? || perkadaran <> Apakah bahagian ideal yang dilakukan oleh Alberti? || Arti Emas <> Dalam abad apa \"gaya\" sebagai konsep artistik timbul? || 16 <> Apa yang telah dicipta pada abad ke-17? || <> Siapa yang menulis Kehidupan Pelukis, Pengukir, dan Arkitek Paling Tidak Terutama? || <> Menjelang abad ke-16 bahasa mana yang diterjemahkan dalam bahasa Vasaris? || <> Dalam minda Vitruvius, yang tanggungjawabnya untuk melihat prinsip-prinsip ditolak? || <> Siapa yang menulis Re Re Aedificatoria? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When were the styles of arts created?", "id": "56de2c48cffd8e1900b4b610", "answers": [{"text": "16th century", "answer_start": 645}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects?", "id": "56de2c48cffd8e1900b4b611", "answers": [{"text": "Vasari", "answer_start": 679}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By the 18th century which languages was Vasaris book translated in?", "id": "56de2c48cffd8e1900b4b612", "answers": [{"text": "Italian, French, Spanish and English", "answer_start": 801}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Vitruvius's mind, whose responsibility was it to see the principles carried out?", "id": "56e4644d8c00841900fbaf79", "answers": [{"text": "architect", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote De Re Aedificatoria?", "id": "56e4644d8c00841900fbaf7a", "answers": [{"text": "Leon Battista Alberti", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Leon Battista Alberti consider most important for beauty?", "id": "56e4644d8c00841900fbaf7b", "answers": [{"text": "proportion", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ideal proportion did Alberti promote?", "id": "56e4644d8c00841900fbaf7c", "answers": [{"text": "the Golden mean", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did \"style\" as an artistic concept arise?", "id": "56e4644d8c00841900fbaf7d", "answers": [{"text": "16th", "answer_start": 645}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "style in the arts", "answer_start": 599}], "question": "What was created in the 17th century? ", "id": "5acf99ad77cf76001a6853e4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Vasari", "answer_start": 679}], "question": "Who wrote Lives of the Least Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects?", "id": "5acf99ad77cf76001a6853e5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Italian, French, Spanish and English", "answer_start": 801}], "question": "By the 16th century which languages was Vasaris book translated in?", "id": "5acf99ad77cf76001a6853e6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "architect", "answer_start": 28}], "question": "In Vitruvius's mind, whose responsibility was it to see the principles rejected?", "id": "5acf99ad77cf76001a6853e7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Leon Battista Alberti", "answer_start": 115}], "question": " Who wrote Re Re Aedificatoria?", "id": "5acf99ad77cf76001a6853e8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible. Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the rules of proportion were those that governed the idealised human figure, the Golden mean. The most important aspect of beauty was therefore an inherent part of an object, rather than something applied superficially; and was based on universal, recognisable truths. The notion of style in the arts was not developed until the 16th century, with the writing of Vasari: by the 18th century, his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects had been translated into Italian, French, Spanish and English."}], ["Tulisan Asia awal mengenai seni bina termasuk Kao Gong Ji dari China dari abad ke-7 hingga ke 5 BCE; Shilpa Shastras India kuno dan Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra Sri Lanka. <> Namakan seorang penulis senibina Asia. || Kao Gong Ji <> Apa negara yang menghasilkan Kao Gong Ji? || China <> Bilakah ditulis Kao Gong Ji? || Abad ke-7 ke-5 BCE <> Apakah tulisan seni bina yang berasal dari Sri Lanka? || Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra <> India menghasilkan teks seni bina yang awal? || Shilpa Shastras <> Siapa yang menulis tulisan-tulisan Asia lewat? || <> Negara mana yang menolak Kao Gong Ji? || <> Apa yang ditulis pada abad ke-4 BCE? || <> Apa tulisan agama yang datang dari Sri Lanka? || <> India menghasilkan teks senibina moden? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Name one Asian architectural writer.", "id": "56de3d0b4396321400ee26c6", "answers": [{"text": "Kao Gong Ji", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country produced the Kao Gong Ji?", "id": "56e4839b39bdeb1400347968", "answers": [{"text": "China", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Kao Gong Ji written?", "id": "56e4839b39bdeb1400347969", "answers": [{"text": "7th\u20135th centuries BCE", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What architectural writing came from Sri Lanka?", "id": "56e4839b39bdeb140034796a", "answers": [{"text": "Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "India produced which early architectural text?", "id": "56e4839b39bdeb140034796b", "answers": [{"text": "Shilpa Shastras", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kao Gong Ji", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "Who wrote late Asian writings?", "id": "5acfa2f177cf76001a685678", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "China", "answer_start": 64}], "question": " What country rejected the Kao Gong Ji?", "id": "5acfa2f177cf76001a685679", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kao Gong Ji", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "What was written in 4th century BCE?", "id": "5acfa2f177cf76001a68567a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra", "answer_start": 143}], "question": " What religious writing came from Sri Lanka?", "id": "5acfa2f177cf76001a68567b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Shilpa Shastras", "answer_start": 106}], "question": " India produced which modern architectural text?", "id": "5acfa2f177cf76001a68567c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th\u20135th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka."}], ["Seni bina Islam bermula pada abad ke-7 CE, menggabungkan bentuk-bentuk seni bina dari Timur Tengah kuno dan Byzantium, tetapi juga mengembangkan ciri-ciri sesuai dengan keperluan agama dan sosial masyarakat. Contoh-contoh boleh didapati di seluruh Timur Tengah, Afrika Utara, Sepanyol dan Sub-benua India. Penggunaan luas gerbang tajam adalah untuk mempengaruhi seni bina Eropah zaman Abad Pertengahan. <> Apa arsitektur budaya yang mengilhami seni bina Islam untuk menggunakan gerbang tajam? || Seni bina Eropah <> Kapan arsitektur Islam pertama kali dilihat? || Abad ke-7 CE <> Sebagai tambahan kepada bentuk-bentuk dari Timur Tengah kuno, apakah bentuk-bentuk tempat lain yang mempunyai kesan terhadap seni bina Islam? || Byzantium <> Apa bahagian-bahagian keperluan masyarakat yang lain lakukan seni bina? || keperluan keagamaan dan sosial <> Rekaan gerbang apa jenis seni bina Islam yang menjejaskan arkitek Eropah? || gerbang tajam", {"qas": [{"question": "What cultures architecture inspired Islamic architecture to use pointed arch's?", "id": "56de3de54396321400ee26d5", "answers": [{"text": "European architecture", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Islamic architecture first seen?", "id": "56e485f58c00841900fbafdd", "answers": [{"text": "7th century CE", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to forms from the ancient Middle East, what other place's forms had an effect on Islamic architecture?", "id": "56e485f58c00841900fbafde", "answers": [{"text": "Byzantium", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other parts of the society's needs did architecture fill?", "id": "56e485f58c00841900fbafdf", "answers": [{"text": "religious and social needs", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of arch design from Islamic architecture affected European architects?", "id": "56e485f58c00841900fbafe0", "answers": [{"text": "pointed arch", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent. The widespread application of the pointed arch was to influence European architecture of the Medieval period."}], ["Kebiasaan seni bina utama adalah bangunan biara dan katedral. Dari kira-kira 900 CE dan seterusnya, pergerakan kedua-dua ulama dan pedagang membawa pengetahuan seni bina di seluruh Eropah, mengakibatkan gaya pan-Eropah Romanesque dan Gothic. <> Apa jenis bangunan yang telah diambil untuk membina? || biara dan katedral. <> Apakah bangunan paling penting pada masa itu? || biara dan katedral <> Apa dua kumpulan menyebarkan ilmu seni bina di Eropah? || ulama dan pedagang <> Gaya apa Gothic? || pan-Eropah <> Apa lagi gaya pan-Eropah? || Romanesque <> Bilakah ulama dan pedagang mula menyebarkan maklumat seni bina? || 900 CE dan seterusnya <> Apakah jenis bangunan yang paling sedikit untuk membina? || <> Apakah bangunan-bangunan yang paling tidak penting pada masa itu? || <> Apa tiga kumpulan menyebarkan ilmu seni bina di Eropah? || <> Gaya apa yang pra-Gothic? || <> Apakah gaya pra-Eropah yang lain? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of buildings were took the most effort to build?", "id": "56de3f07cffd8e1900b4b702", "answers": [{"text": "abbeys and cathedrals.", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the most important buildings of the time?", "id": "56e4878a39bdeb1400347978", "answers": [{"text": "abbeys and cathedrals", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two groups spread knowledge of architecture in Europe?", "id": "56e4878a39bdeb1400347979", "answers": [{"text": "clerics and tradesmen", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What style is Gothic?", "id": "56e4878a39bdeb140034797a", "answers": [{"text": "pan-European", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another pan-European style?", "id": "56e4878a39bdeb140034797b", "answers": [{"text": "Romanesque", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the clerics and tradesmen start spreading architectural information?", "id": "56e4878a39bdeb140034797c", "answers": [{"text": "900 CE onwards", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "abbeys and cathedrals", "answer_start": 59}], "question": " What type of buildings were took the least effort to build?", "id": "5acfae5477cf76001a685824", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "abbeys and cathedrals", "answer_start": 59}], "question": " What were the least important buildings of the time?", "id": "5acfae5477cf76001a685825", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "clerics and tradesmen", "answer_start": 131}], "question": " What three groups spread knowledge of architecture in Europe?", "id": "5acfae5477cf76001a685826", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pan-European", "answer_start": 217}], "question": " What style is pre-Gothic?", "id": "5acfae5477cf76001a685827", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Romanesque", "answer_start": 237}], "question": " What is another pre-European style?", "id": "5acfae5477cf76001a685828", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic."}], ["Dalam banyak tamadun purba, seperti Mesir dan Mesopotamia, seni bina dan urbanisme mencerminkan penglibatan berterusan dengan ilahi dan ghaib, dan banyak budaya purba menggunakan monumen pada seni bina untuk mewakili simbol kekuatan politik penguasa, elit pemerintah, atau negeri itu sendiri. <> Apa peradaban yang menggunakan ilahi dan ghaib dalam seni bina mereka? || Mesir dan Mesopotamia <> Apakah dua contoh tamadun lalu? || Mesir dan Mesopotamia <> Kepada apa yang dikatakan oleh tamadun-tamadun ini untuk diperlihatkan oleh seni bina mereka? || yang ilahi dan supernatural <> Apa kerajinan senibina sering mewakili? || kuasa politik <> Apa tamadun tidak menggunakan ilahi dan ghaib dalam seni bina mereka? || <> Apakah tiga contoh tamadun lalu? || <> Kepada apa peradaban ini mempunyai hubungan yang tidak ditunjukkan oleh seni bina mereka? || <> Apa monumen senibina tidak pernah mewakili? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What civilizations used the divine and supernatural in their architecture?", "id": "56de3b6e4396321400ee26b4", "answers": [{"text": "Egypt and Mesopotamia", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two examples of past civilizations?", "id": "56e481598c00841900fbafc3", "answers": [{"text": "Egypt and Mesopotamia", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what did these civilizations have ties that to were shown off by their architecture?", "id": "56e481598c00841900fbafc4", "answers": [{"text": "the divine and the supernatural", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does architectural monumentality often represent?", "id": "56e481598c00841900fbafc5", "answers": [{"text": "political power", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Egypt and Mesopotamia", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "What civilizations didn't use the divine and supernatural in their architecture?", "id": "5acfa1f777cf76001a68561e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Egypt and Mesopotamia", "answer_start": 48}], "question": " What are three examples of past civilizations?", "id": "5acfa1f777cf76001a68561f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "divine and the supernatural", "answer_start": 140}], "question": "To what did these civilizations have ties that to weren't shown off by their architecture?", "id": "5acfa1f777cf76001a685620", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "political power", "answer_start": 267}], "question": " What does architectural monumentality never represent?", "id": "5acfa1f777cf76001a685621", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself."}], ["Senibina mempunyai kaitan dengan perancangan dan reka bentuk bentuk, ruang dan suasana untuk mencerminkan pertimbangan fungsional, teknikal, sosial, alam sekitar dan estetik. Ia memerlukan manipulasi kreatif dan koordinasi bahan dan teknologi, dan cahaya dan bayangan. Selalunya, keperluan yang bercanggah mesti diselesaikan. Amalan Seni Bina juga merangkumi aspek pragmatik untuk merealisasikan bangunan dan struktur, termasuk penjadualan, anggaran kos dan pentadbiran pembinaan. Dokumentasi yang dihasilkan oleh arkitek, biasanya lukisan, pelan dan spesifikasi teknikal, mentakrifkan struktur dan / atau tingkah laku bangunan atau jenis sistem lain yang akan atau telah dibina. <> Apakah jenis pertimbangan yang dilakukan oleh reka bentuk seni bina? || fungsional, teknikal, sosial, alam sekitar dan estetik <> Dalam seni bina apa aspek dirancang dan direka? || bentuk, ruang dan suasana <> Selain merancang dan merangka aspek-aspek lain yang melibatkan aspek-aspek seni bina? || aspek pragmatik <> Apakah jenis pertimbangan yang dibuat oleh reka bentuk seni bina? || <> Dalam seni bina apa aspek tidak pernah dirancang dan direka? || <> Selain daripada merancang dan merekabentuk jenis-jenis lain aspek seni bina tidak pernah terlibat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What sort of considerations does architectural design take into account? ", "id": "56e461c28c00841900fbaf69", "answers": [{"text": "functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In architecture what aspects are planned and designed?", "id": "56e461c28c00841900fbaf6a", "answers": [{"text": "form, space and ambience", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from planning and design what other types of aspects does architecture involve?", "id": "56e461c28c00841900fbaf6b", "answers": [{"text": "pragmatic aspects", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations", "answer_start": 87}], "question": "What sort of considerations does architectural design never take into account?", "id": "5acf954877cf76001a685366", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "form, space and ambience", "answer_start": 51}], "question": " In architecture what aspects are never planned and designed?", "id": "5acf954877cf76001a685367", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "aesthetic considerations", "answer_start": 136}], "question": "Aside from planning and design what other types of aspects does architecture never involve?", "id": "5acf954877cf76001a685368", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations. It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow. Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved. The practice of Architecture also encompasses the pragmatic aspects of realizing buildings and structures, including scheduling, cost estimation and construction administration. Documentation produced by architects, typically drawings, plans and technical specifications, defines the structure and/or behavior of a building or other kind of system that is to be or has been constructed."}], ["Di Renaissance Europe, dari kira-kira 1400 dan seterusnya, terdapat kebangkitan pembelajaran Klasik yang diiringi oleh perkembangan Renaisans Humanisme yang memberikan penekanan lebih besar kepada peranan individu dalam masyarakat daripada yang berlaku pada zaman Medieval. Bangunan-bangunan itu dianggap sebagai arkitek khusus - Brunelleschi, Alberti, Michelangelo, Palladio - dan kultus individu telah bermula. Masih tiada garis perpecahan antara artis, arkitek dan jurutera, atau mana-mana panggilan yang berkaitan, dan sebutan sering merupakan salah satu keutamaan serantau. <> Bilakah Renaisans Humanisme dikembangkan? || 1400 <> Bilakah kebangkitan pembelajaran Klasik bermula? || 1400 dan seterusnya <> Apa benua yang kebangkitan ini berlaku? || Eropah <> Apakah nama untuk tempoh masa itu? || Renaissance <> Apa yang ditekankan oleh Renaissance Humanism? || peranan individu <> Apa tiga kerjaya yang tidak benar-benar dianggap berasingan dari satu sama lain pada masa itu? || artis, arkitek dan jurutera <> Apa yang telah dibangunkan sebelum tahun 1400? || <> Bilakah kebangkitan pembelajaran Klasik ed? || <> Apakah keadaan yang berlaku dalam kebangkitan ini? || <> Apakah nama untuk tempoh masa sebelum ini? || <> Apa yang tidak ditekankan oleh Renaissance Humanism? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was Renaissance Humanism developed?", "id": "56de3fd84396321400ee2702", "answers": [{"text": "1400", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Classical learning revival begin?", "id": "56e48c5d39bdeb1400347982", "answers": [{"text": "1400 onwards", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What continent did this revival take place on?", "id": "56e48c5d39bdeb1400347983", "answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name for the time period?", "id": "56e48c5d39bdeb1400347984", "answers": [{"text": "Renaissance", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Renaissance Humanism emphasize?", "id": "56e48c5d39bdeb1400347985", "answers": [{"text": "role of the individual", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What three vocations were not really considered separate from each other at that time?", "id": "56e48c5d39bdeb1400347986", "answers": [{"text": "artist, architect and engineer", "answer_start": 447}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Renaissance Humanism", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "What was developed before 1400?", "id": "5acfaf0977cf76001a685842", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1400", "answer_start": 34}], "question": " When did the Classical learning revival ed?", "id": "5acfaf0977cf76001a685843", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 15}], "question": " What state did this revival take place in?", "id": "5acfaf0977cf76001a685844", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Renaissance", "answer_start": 3}], "question": " What was the name for the time period before this?", "id": "5acfaf0977cf76001a685845", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "individual", "answer_start": 384}], "question": " What didn't Renaissance Humanism emphasize?", "id": "5acfaf0977cf76001a685846", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period. Buildings were ascribed to specific architects \u2013 Brunelleschi, Alberti, Michelangelo, Palladio \u2013 and the cult of the individual had begun. There was still no dividing line between artist, architect and engineer, or any of the related vocations, and the appellation was often one of regional preference."}], ["Bangunan pertama berkembang daripada dinamik antara keperluan (perlindungan, keselamatan, penyembahan, dll.) Dan cara (bahan binaan dan kemahiran yang disediakan). Apabila budaya manusia berkembang dan pengetahuan mula disahkan melalui tradisi dan amalan lisan, bangunan menjadi kraf, dan \"seni bina\" adalah nama yang diberikan kepada versi yang paling formal dan dihormati dari kraf itu. <> Apa keperluan dinamik yang menjadi sebab untuk pembinaan dilakukan? || perlindungan, keselamatan, ibadah <> Tradisi lisan membolehkan apa yang menjadi formalisasi dalam budaya manusia? || pengetahuan <> Apa bangunan yang dipertimbangkan? || kerajinan <> Apa jenis kerajinan bangunan yang paling bernilai dipanggil? || seni bina <> Selain daripada kemahiran, apa yang diperlukan untuk mempunyai cara untuk membina? || bahan binaan <> Apa keperluan dinamik adalah sebab bangunan dibongkar? || <> Tradisi lisan menafikan apa yang hendak diformalkan dalam budaya manusia? || <> Apa bangunan yang tidak pernah dipertimbangkan? || <> Apakah jenis kerajinan bangunan yang paling bernilai? || <> Selain kemahiran, apa yang tidak diperlukan untuk mempunyai cara untuk membina? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What dynamic needs were the reason for building to be done?", "id": "56de3176cffd8e1900b4b654", "answers": [{"text": "shelter, security, worship", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Oral traditions allowed what to become formalized in human cultures?", "id": "56e47ebb8c00841900fbafb0", "answers": [{"text": "knowledge", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was building considered?", "id": "56e47ebb8c00841900fbafb1", "answers": [{"text": "a craft", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the most valued type of building craft called?", "id": "56e47ebb8c00841900fbafb2", "answers": [{"text": "architecture", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from skills, what is required in order to have the means for building?", "id": "56e47ebb8c00841900fbafb3", "answers": [{"text": "building materials", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "shelter, security, worship", "answer_start": 58}], "question": " What dynamic needs were the reason for building to be demolished?", "id": "5acfa19577cf76001a685602", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "knowledge", "answer_start": 187}], "question": "Oral traditions disallowed what to become formalized in human cultures?", "id": "5acfa19577cf76001a685603", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a craft", "answer_start": 275}], "question": " What was building never considered?", "id": "5acfa19577cf76001a685604", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "architecture", "answer_start": 289}], "question": " What was the least valued type of building craft called?", "id": "5acfa19577cf76001a685605", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "building materials", "answer_start": 113}], "question": "Aside from skills, what is not required in order to have the means for building?", "id": "5acfa19577cf76001a685606", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and \"architecture\" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft."}], ["Nunzia Rondanini menyatakan, \"Melalui senibina dimensi estetika melampaui aspek fungsional yang sama dengan ilmu manusia yang lain. Melalui cara tersendiri untuk mengekspresikan nilai-nilai, seni bina dapat merangsang dan mempengaruhi kehidupan sosial tanpa menganggap bahawa, dalam dan dari dirinya sendiri, ia akan menggalakkan pembangunan sosial. ' <> Siapa kata bahawa senibina dapat melampaui fungsi?> | Nunzia Rondanini <> Dengan cara apa Nunzia Rondanini percaya seni bina bergerak melampaui fungsinya semata? || Melalui dimensi estetika <> Apa yang boleh, dalam pandangan Rondanini, seni bina \"merangsang dan pengaruh \"? || kehidupan sosial <> Apa yang tidak boleh dianggap sebagai seni bina untuk mempromosikan, menurut Rondanini? || pembangunan sosial <> Apa arsitektur berkongsi dengan sains lain? || boleh melangkaui fungsinya? || <> Bagaimana cara Nunzia Rondanini tidak percaya seni bina berpindah melampaui fungsi semata-mata? || <> Apa yang tidak boleh, dalam pendapat Rondanini, seni bina \"merangsang dan mempengaruhi\"? || diasumsikan untuk mempromosikan, menurut Rondanini? || <> Bagaimana seni bina berbeza dari sains lain? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who said that architecture was able extend beyond function?", "id": "56e476b139bdeb1400347944", "answers": [{"text": "Nunzia Rondanini", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what way did Nunzia Rondanini believe architecture moved past mere functionality?", "id": "56e476b139bdeb1400347945", "answers": [{"text": "Through its aesthetic dimension", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What could, in Rondanini's opinion, architecture \"stimulate and influence\"?", "id": "56e476b139bdeb1400347946", "answers": [{"text": "social life", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What shouldn't architecture be assumed to promote, according to Rondanini?", "id": "56e476b139bdeb1400347947", "answers": [{"text": "social development", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does architecture share with other sciences?", "id": "56e476b139bdeb1400347948", "answers": [{"text": "functional aspects", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nunzia Rondanini", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who said that architecture wasn't able extend beyond function?", "id": "5acf9e6477cf76001a685568", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Through its aesthetic dimension", "answer_start": 26}], "question": "In what way did Nunzia Rondanini not believe architecture moved past mere functionality?", "id": "5acf9e6477cf76001a685569", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "social life", "answer_start": 249}], "question": "What couldn't, in Rondanini's opinion, architecture \"stimulate and influence\"?", "id": "5acf9e6477cf76001a68556a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "social development", "answer_start": 319}], "question": "What should architecture be assumed to promote, according to Rondanini?", "id": "5acf9e6477cf76001a68556b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "functional aspects", "answer_start": 87}], "question": " How does architecture differ from other sciences?", "id": "5acf9e6477cf76001a68556c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Nunzia Rondanini stated, \"Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote social development.'"}], ["Seni bina bahagian-bahagian yang berlainan di Asia berkembang di sepanjang garis yang berbeza dari Eropah; Seni bina Buddha, Hindu dan Sikh masing-masing mempunyai ciri-ciri yang berbeza. Seni bina Buddha, khususnya, menunjukkan kepelbagaian wilayah yang hebat. Seni bina kuil Hindu, yang dibangunkan sekitar abad ke-3 BCE, ditadbir oleh konsep-konsep yang ditetapkan dalam Shastras, dan bimbang dengan menyatakan makrokosmos dan mikrokosmos. Di banyak negara Asia, agama pantheistik membawa kepada bentuk seni bina yang direka khusus untuk meningkatkan landskap semula jadi. <> Apa agama yang membawa kepada perubahan seni bina di banyak negara Asia? || agama pantheistik <> Seni budaya mana yang menunjukkan banyak kepelbagaian? || Seni bina Buddha <> Kapan seni bina kuil Hindu mula dihasilkan? || Abad ke-3 BCE <> Apa arsitektur kuil Hindu cuba untuk menyatakan? || makrokosmos dan microcosm <> Apa sumber konsep dalam seni bina kuil Hindu? || Shastras <> Apa jenis arsitektur yang paling terkenal dengan perbezaan serantaunya || Buddha <> Apakah jenis teologi keagamaan yang mempengaruhi seni bina berkaitan landskap di Asia? || agama pantheistik <> Agama apa yang membawa kepada perubahan seni bina di banyak negara Inggeris? || <> Seni budaya mana yang menunjukkan banyak persamaan? || <> Bilakah seni bina kuil muslim mula dihasilkan? || <> Apa arsitektur kuil Hindu cuba sembunyikan? || <> Apa jenis seni bina yang paling terkenal dengan perbezaan bukan rantaunya ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What religion led to architectural changes in many Asian countries?", "id": "56de3d844396321400ee26d0", "answers": [{"text": "pantheistic religion", "answer_start": 458}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which cultures architecture showed a lot of diversity?", "id": "56de3d844396321400ee26d1", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhist architecture", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Hindu temple architecture begin being produced?", "id": "56e4849a8c00841900fbafd3", "answers": [{"text": "3rd century BCE", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Hindu temple architecture try to express?", "id": "56e4849a8c00841900fbafd4", "answers": [{"text": "the macrocosm and the microcosm", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the source of the concepts in Hindu temple architecture?", "id": "56e4849a8c00841900fbafd5", "answers": [{"text": "the Shastras", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of architectural is especially known for its regional differences", "id": "56e4849a8c00841900fbafd6", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhist", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of religious theology affected landscape related architecture in Asia?", "id": "56e4849a8c00841900fbafd7", "answers": [{"text": "pantheistic religion", "answer_start": 458}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pantheistic religion", "answer_start": 458}], "question": " What religion led to architectural changes in many English countries?", "id": "5acfa33e77cf76001a685694", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Buddhist architecture", "answer_start": 174}], "question": " Which cultures architecture showed a lot of similarities?", "id": "5acfa33e77cf76001a685695", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "3rd century BCE", "answer_start": 299}], "question": " When did Muslim temple architecture begin being produced?", "id": "5acfa33e77cf76001a685696", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "macrocosm and the microcosm", "answer_start": 404}], "question": " What does Hindu temple architecture try to hide?", "id": "5acfa33e77cf76001a685697", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Buddhist", "answer_start": 97}], "question": "What type of architectural is especially known for its non-regional differences", "id": "5acfa33e77cf76001a685698", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape."}], ["Ia secara meluas diandaikan bahawa kejayaan seni bina adalah hasil daripada proses percubaan dan kesilapan, dengan percubaan yang semakin kurang dan lebih banyak replikasi kerana hasil prosesnya terbukti semakin memuaskan. Apa yang digelar seni bina vernakular terus dihasilkan di banyak bahagian dunia. Sesungguhnya, bangunan vernakular membentuk sebahagian besar dunia yang dibina oleh orang ramai setiap hari. Penduduk awal awal kebanyakannya di luar bandar. Oleh kerana lebihan dalam pengeluaran ekonomi mula berkembang sehingga mengakibatkan urbanisasi mewujudkan kawasan-kawasan bandar yang tumbuh dan berkembang dengan pesat dalam beberapa kes, seperti yang terjadi pada \u00c7atal H\u00f6y\u00fck di Anatolia dan Mohenjo Daro dari Tamadun Lembah Indus di zaman moden Pakistan. <> Jenis bangunan apa yang dibina kebanyakannya melalui dunia? || bangunan vernakular <> Mengapa ekonomi mula berkembang? || lebihan pengeluaran <> Melalui proses apa yang diandaikan bahawa pencapaian seni bina pertama dibuat? || percubaan dan kesilapan <> Apakah jenis seni bina yang masih terdapat di seluruh planet ini? || vernakular <> Dalam persekitaran apa banyak penempatan manusia pertama? || pedesaan <> Apakah kesannya terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi manusia? || urbanisasi <> Pada kelajuan apa yang kadang-kadang berkembang pesat bandar? || cepat <> Apa jenis bangunan yang tidak dibina kebanyakannya melalui dunia? || <> Mengapa ekonomi berhenti berkembang? || <> Melalui proses apa yang diandaikan bahawa pencapaian seni bina pertama tidak dibuat? || <> Apakah jenis senibina popular yang tidak wujud di sekitar planet ini? || <> Dalam persekitaran apa banyak penempatan manusia terkini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of buildings are are built mostly through out the world?", "id": "56de326dcffd8e1900b4b65e", "answers": [{"text": "vernacular buildings", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did the economy begin to expand?", "id": "56de326dcffd8e1900b4b660", "answers": [{"text": "a surplus in production", "answer_start": 449}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Through what process is it thought that the first architectural achievements were made?", "id": "56e47fc539bdeb1400347954", "answers": [{"text": "trial and error", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a popular type of architecture that still exists around the planet?", "id": "56e47fc539bdeb1400347955", "answers": [{"text": "vernacular", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what environment were many of the first human settlements?", "id": "56e47fc539bdeb1400347956", "answers": [{"text": "rural", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of an effect did a growing economy have on human settlements?", "id": "56e47fc539bdeb1400347957", "answers": [{"text": "urbanization", "answer_start": 514}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what speed did urban settlements sometimes expand?", "id": "56e47fc539bdeb1400347958", "answers": [{"text": "rapidly", "answer_start": 581}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "vernacular", "answer_start": 227}], "question": "What type of buildings are not built mostly through out the world?", "id": "5acfa1d377cf76001a68560c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "surplus in production", "answer_start": 451}], "question": " Why did the economy stop expanding?", "id": "5acfa1d377cf76001a68560d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "trial and error", "answer_start": 80}], "question": "Through what process is it thought that the first architectural achievements were not made?", "id": "5acfa1d377cf76001a68560e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "vernacular", "answer_start": 312}], "question": "What is a popular type of architecture that doesn't exist around the planet?", "id": "5acfa1d377cf76001a68560f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "urbanization", "answer_start": 514}], "question": " In what environment were many of the latest human settlements?", "id": "5acfa1d377cf76001a685610", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of \u00c7atal H\u00f6y\u00fck in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan."}], ["Seni bina vernakular menjadi semakin hias. Pembina rumah boleh menggunakan reka bentuk seni bina semasa dalam kerja mereka dengan menggabungkan ciri yang terdapat dalam buku corak dan jurnal seni bina. <> Apa jenis buku yang digunakan oleh pembina rumah? || buku corak dan jurnal seni bina <> Reka bentuk apa jenis teks ini membolehkan pembina untuk menggabungkan? || reka bentuk seni bina semasa <> Apakah jenis buku yang ditolak oleh pembina rumah? || <> Reka bentuk jenis apa teks ini membenarkan pembina menolak? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of books did housebuilders use?", "id": "56e48f5d39bdeb140034799d", "answers": [{"text": "pattern books and architectural journals", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of design did these texts allow the builders to incorporate?", "id": "56e48f5d39bdeb140034799e", "answers": [{"text": "current architectural design", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pattern books and architectural journals", "answer_start": 155}], "question": "What kind of books did housebuilders reject?", "id": "5acfb06777cf76001a68588c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "current architectural design", "answer_start": 81}], "question": "What type of design did these texts allow the builders to reject?", "id": "5acfb06777cf76001a68588d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Vernacular architecture became increasingly ornamental. House builders could use current architectural design in their work by combining features found in pattern books and architectural journals."}], ["Untuk menyekat makna artistik (seni bina) formalisme untuk seni demi seni bukan hanya reaksioner; ia juga boleh menjadi usaha tanpa tujuan untuk kesempurnaan atau keaslian yang merendahkan bentuk menjadi instrumen semata-mata \". <> Apa arti reaksioner untuk membatasi makna formalisme? || seni demi kesenian <> Apa jenis pencarian yang kurang? Mencari kesempurnaan atau keaslian <> Apa yang akan dikurangkan dalam kualiti oleh usaha ini? || form <> Apa arti reaksi untuk mengembangkan maksud formalisme? || <> Apa maksud pencarian? akhirnya dapat dimaksimumkan dalam kualiti oleh usaha ini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a reactionary thing to limit formalism's meaning to?", "id": "56e477998c00841900fbafa1", "answers": [{"text": "art for art's sake", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of quest lacks purpose?", "id": "56e477998c00841900fbafa2", "answers": [{"text": "quest for perfection or originality", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ends up being reduced in quality by this quest?", "id": "56e477998c00841900fbafa3", "answers": [{"text": "form", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "art for art's sake", "answer_start": 56}], "question": "What is a reactionary thing to expand formalism's meaning to?", "id": "5acf9e8d77cf76001a68557c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "quest for perfection or originality", "answer_start": 129}], "question": " What sort of quest defines purpose?", "id": "5acf9e8d77cf76001a68557d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "form", "answer_start": 180}], "question": " What ends up being maximized in quality by this quest?", "id": "5acf9e8d77cf76001a68557e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "To restrict the meaning of (architectural) formalism to art for art's sake is not only reactionary; it can also be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality\"."}], ["Seni bina dan urbanisme tamadun Klasik seperti Yunani dan Rom berkembang dari cita-cita sivik dan bukannya agama atau empirikal dan jenis bangunan baru muncul. \"Gaya\" seni bina dibangunkan dalam bentuk perintah Klasik. <> Daripada apa cita-cita yang dibuat arsitektur Klasik? || Idea sivik <> Idea sivik ini membolehkan apa yang akan berlaku? || jenis bangunan baru <> Apakah cita-cita yang tidak berdasarkan seni bina Yunani dan Rom? || agama atau yang empirikal <> Apa yang berhutang pembangunannya kepada perintah Klasik? || Struktur \"seni bina\" <> Daripada apa cita-cita seni bina klasik tidak berasal? || <> Idea-idea sivik ini membenarkan apa yang tidak boleh berlaku? || <> Apakah cita-cita yang berdasarkan seni bina klasik Yunani dan Rom? || <> Apa yang tidak berhutang kepada pesanan Klasik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "From what ideals did Classical architecture emerge?", "id": "56e482018c00841900fbafc9", "answers": [{"text": "civic ideals", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "These civic ideas allowed what to come into being?", "id": "56e482018c00841900fbafcb", "answers": [{"text": "new building types", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ideals were Greek and Roman Classical architecture not based on?", "id": "56e482018c00841900fbafcc", "answers": [{"text": "religious or empirical ones", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What owes its development to the Classical orders?", "id": "56e482018c00841900fbafcd", "answers": [{"text": "Architectural \"style\"", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "civic ideals", "answer_start": 106}], "question": " From what ideals did Classical architecture not come from?", "id": "5acfa22477cf76001a685626", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "new building types", "answer_start": 163}], "question": " These civic ideas allowed what to not come into being?", "id": "5acfa22477cf76001a685627", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "religious or empirical ones", "answer_start": 131}], "question": "What ideals were Greek and Roman Classical architecture based on?", "id": "5acfa22477cf76001a685628", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Architectural \"style\"", "answer_start": 191}], "question": " What doesn't owe its development to the Classical orders?", "id": "5acfa22477cf76001a685629", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations such as the Greek and the Roman evolved from civic ideals rather than religious or empirical ones and new building types emerged. Architectural \"style\" developed in the form of the Classical orders."}], ["Satu kebangkitan semula gaya Klasik dalam seni bina ditemani oleh perkembangan sains dan kejuruteraan yang mempengaruhi perkadaran dan struktur bangunan. Pada peringkat ini, masih mungkin seorang artis merancang jambatan sebagai tahap perhitungan struktur yang terlibat dalam skop generalis. <> Apa aspek bangunan yang sains dan kejuruteraan mempunyai kesan ke atas? || perkadaran dan struktur <> Siapa yang masih boleh mengendalikan perhitungan struktur untuk mereka bentuk pada masa itu? || generalist <> Apa aspek bangunan kejuruteraan tidak mempunyai kesan ke atas? || <> Apakah aspek-aspek bangunan yang sains tidak mempunyai kesan? || <> Siapa yang masih tidak dapat mengendalikan perhitungan struktur untuk mereka bentuk pada masa itu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What aspects of buildings did science and engineering have an effect on?", "id": "56e48d5b8c00841900fbafe6", "answers": [{"text": "proportions and structure", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who still could handle the structural calculations for designing at that time?", "id": "56e48d5b8c00841900fbafe7", "answers": [{"text": "generalist", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "proportions and structure", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "What aspects of buildings did engineering not have an effect on?", "id": "5acfafd677cf76001a68586a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "proportions and structure", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "What aspects of buildings did science not have an effect on?", "id": "5acfafd677cf76001a68586b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "generalist", "answer_start": 314}], "question": "Who still couldn't handle the structural calculations for designing at that time?", "id": "5acfafd677cf76001a68586c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A revival of the Classical style in architecture was accompanied by a burgeoning of science and engineering which affected the proportions and structure of buildings. At this stage, it was still possible for an artist to design a bridge as the level of structural calculations involved was within the scope of the generalist."}], ["Sementara itu, Revolusi Perindustrian membuka pintu untuk pengeluaran dan penggunaan besar-besaran. Estetika menjadi kriteria untuk kelas menengah sebagai produk yang dihiasi, sekali dalam wilayah ketukangan yang mahal, menjadi lebih murah di bawah pengeluaran mesin. <> Apa yang bermula dengan Revolusi Perindustrian? || pengeluaran besar-besaran dan penggunaan <> Apa yang menjadi cukup murah bagi kelas pertengahan untuk dibeli? || produk yang dihiasi <> Sebagai produk datang dalam jangkauan kewangan mereka apa konsep mula menarik kelas menengah? || Estetika <> Apa yang berakhir dengan Revolusi Perindustrian? || <> Apa yang menjadi cukup murah untuk kelas bawah untuk dibeli? || <> Sebagaimana produk datang dalam jangkauan kewangan mereka apa konsep mula menarik minat kelas atas? || <> Apabila produk datang dalam jangkauan kewangan mereka, konsep apa yang mula menarik minat kelas bawah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What started with the Industrial Revolution?", "id": "56e48edf39bdeb1400347996", "answers": [{"text": "mass production and consumption", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What became cheap enough for the middle class to buy?", "id": "56e48edf39bdeb1400347997", "answers": [{"text": "ornamented products", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As products came within their financial reach what concept began to interest the middle class?", "id": "56e48edf39bdeb1400347998", "answers": [{"text": "Aesthetics", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mass production and consumption", "answer_start": 60}], "question": "What ended with the Industrial Revolution?", "id": "5acfb03577cf76001a685884", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ornamented products", "answer_start": 147}], "question": " What became cheap enough for the lower class to buy?", "id": "5acfb03577cf76001a685885", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Aesthetics", "answer_start": 93}], "question": " As products came within their financial reach what concept began to interest the upper class?", "id": "5acfb03577cf76001a685886", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Aesthetics", "answer_start": 93}], "question": " As products came within their financial reach what concept began to interest the lower class?", "id": "5acfb03577cf76001a685887", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution laid open the door for mass production and consumption. Aesthetics became a criterion for the middle class as ornamented products, once within the province of expensive craftsmanship, became cheaper under machine production."}], ["Di Eropah semasa zaman Abad Pertengahan, kesatuan ditubuhkan oleh tukang untuk menganjurkan perdagangan mereka dan kontrak bertulis telah terselamat, terutamanya berhubung dengan bangunan gerejawi. Peranan arkitek biasanya satu dengan master mason, atau Magister lathomorum kerana mereka kadang-kadang diterangkan dalam dokumen kontemporari. <> Organisasi apa yang dicipta oleh tukang Abad Pertengahan? || persatuan <> Apa rekod mengenai persatuan masih wujud? || kontrak bertulis <> Apakah perkara utama kontrak yang perlu dilakukan? || bangunan gereja <> Apa istilah lain untuk tukang mason? || Magister lathomorum <> Organisasi apa yang tidak dicipta oleh tukang-tukang Medieval? || <> Apa catatan kesatuan tidak lagi wujud? || <> Apakah perkara yang paling penting yang perlu dilakukan kontrak? || <> Apa istilah lain untuk mason jurulatih? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What organizations were created by Medieval craftsmen?", "id": "56e486e739bdeb1400347970", "answers": [{"text": "guilds", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What records of the guilds are still in existence?", "id": "56e486e739bdeb1400347971", "answers": [{"text": "written contracts", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the main thing the contracts were had to do with?", "id": "56e486e739bdeb1400347972", "answers": [{"text": "ecclesiastical buildings", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another term for master mason?", "id": "56e486e739bdeb1400347973", "answers": [{"text": "Magister lathomorum", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "guilds", "answer_start": 38}], "question": "What organizations were not created by Medieval craftsmen?", "id": "5acfae2b77cf76001a68581c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "written contracts", "answer_start": 99}], "question": " What records of the guilds are no longer in existence?", "id": "5acfae2b77cf76001a68581d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ecclesiastical buildings", "answer_start": 160}], "question": " What was the least important thing the contracts were had to do with?", "id": "5acfae2b77cf76001a68581e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Magister lathomorum", "answer_start": 254}], "question": " What is another term for trainer mason?", "id": "5acfae2b77cf76001a68581f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In Europe during the Medieval period, guilds were formed by craftsmen to organise their trades and written contracts have survived, particularly in relation to ecclesiastical buildings. The role of architect was usually one with that of master mason, or Magister lathomorum as they are sometimes described in contemporary documents."}], ["Teks mengenai seni bina telah ditulis sejak zaman purba. Teks-teks ini menyediakan kedua-dua nasihat umum dan preskripsi formal atau kanun tertentu. Beberapa contoh kanon ditemui dalam tulisan-tulisan dari Roman Arkitek Vitruvius pada abad pertama BCE. Antara contoh awal seni bina kanon yang paling penting adalah agama. <> Bilakah tulisan-tulisan seni bina mula-mula dibuat? || masa purba <> Selain dari nasihat umum apa yang mengandungi teks? || preskripsi formal tertentu <> Apakah istilah lain untuk preskripsi formal tertentu? || canon <> Bilakah Vitruvius menulis kanunnya? || Abad pertama BCE <> Apakah jenis kanonik seni bina yang penting? || agama <> Bila tulisan-tulisan seni bina dibuat terakhir? || <> Selain daripada nasihat umum, apa yang tidak mengandungi teks? || <> Apakah istilah lain untuk preskripsi tidak rasmi tertentu? || <> Siapa yang menulis kanon pada abad ke-2 BCE? || <> Apakah jenis kanonik seni bina yang tidak penting? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When were architectural writings first made?", "id": "56e4831739bdeb140034795e", "answers": [{"text": "ancient time", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from general advice what did the texts contain?", "id": "56e4831739bdeb140034795f", "answers": [{"text": "specific formal prescriptions", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another term for specific formal prescriptions?", "id": "56e4831739bdeb1400347960", "answers": [{"text": "canons", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Vitruvius write his canons?", "id": "56e4831739bdeb1400347961", "answers": [{"text": "1st-century BCE", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a significant early architectural canonical type?", "id": "56e4831739bdeb1400347962", "answers": [{"text": "religious", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ancient time", "answer_start": 46}], "question": " When were architectural writings last made?", "id": "5acfa27f77cf76001a68565c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "specific formal prescriptions or canons", "answer_start": 105}], "question": " Aside from general advice what did the texts not contain?", "id": "5acfa27f77cf76001a68565d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "canons", "answer_start": 138}], "question": " What is another term for specific informal prescriptions?", "id": "5acfa27f77cf76001a68565e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Architect Vitruvius", "answer_start": 225}], "question": "Who wrote canons in 2nd century BCE?", "id": "5acfa27f77cf76001a68565f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "religious", "answer_start": 316}], "question": " What is an insignificant early architectural canonical type?", "id": "5acfa27f77cf76001a685660", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons. Some examples of canons are found in the writings of the 1st-century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius. Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are religious."}], ["Sekitar permulaan abad ke-20, ketidakpuasan umum dengan penekanan pada seni bina revivalist dan dekorasi yang rumit menimbulkan banyak pemikiran baru yang berperanan sebagai pelopor untuk Senibina Moden. Yang terkenal di kalangan ini ialah Deutscher Werkbund, yang dibentuk pada tahun 1907 untuk menghasilkan objek mesin yang berkualiti tinggi. Kebangkitan profesion reka bentuk perindustrian biasanya diletakkan di sini. Berikutan pendahuluan ini, sekolah Bauhaus yang diasaskan di Weimar, Jerman pada tahun 1919, mendefinisikan semula batas seni bina sebelum ditetapkan sepanjang sejarah, melihat penciptaan bangunan sebagai sintesis muktamad-seni, kraf, dan teknologi. <> Pada permulaan abad apakah revivalist jatuh ke dalam ketidaksetujuan? || 20 <> Apa arsitektur jenis baru yang mula muncul pada masa ini? || Senibina Moden <> Bilakah Deutscher Werkbund bermula? || 1907 <> Apa gunanya Deutscher Werkbund? || untuk menghasilkan mesin yang berkualiti yang lebih baik dijadikan objek <> Pada tahun 1919 apa sekolah dibuka di Weimar, Jerman? || sekolah Bauhaus <> Pada abad apa abad kebangkitan revivalist jatuh ke dalam ketidaksetujuan? || <> Apa jenis seni bina lama yang mula muncul pada masa ini? || <> Bilakah berakhirnya Deutscher Werkbund? || <> Apa yang bermula pada tahun 1970? || <> Pada tahun 1919 apa perniagaan dibuka di Weimar, Jerman? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "At what century's start did revivalist fall into disfavor? ", "id": "56e4b51e39bdeb14003479a2", "answers": [{"text": "20th", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What new type of architecture was starting to come into being at this time?", "id": "56e4b51e39bdeb14003479a3", "answers": [{"text": "Modern Architecture", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Deutscher Werkbund get its start?", "id": "56e4b51e39bdeb14003479a4", "answers": [{"text": "1907", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the point of the Deutscher Werkbund?", "id": "56e4b51e39bdeb14003479a5", "answers": [{"text": "to produce better quality machine made objects", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1919 what school opened in Weimar, Germany?", "id": "56e4b51e39bdeb14003479a6", "answers": [{"text": "the Bauhaus school", "answer_start": 430}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "20th", "answer_start": 28}], "question": " At what century's end did revivalist fall into disfavor?", "id": "5acfb0a077cf76001a6858a4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Modern Architecture", "answer_start": 206}], "question": "What old type of architecture was starting to come into being at this time?", "id": "5acfb0a077cf76001a6858a5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1907", "answer_start": 284}], "question": "When did the Deutscher Werkbund end?", "id": "5acfb0a077cf76001a6858a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Deutscher Werkbund", "answer_start": 254}], "question": "What started in 1970?", "id": "5acfb0a077cf76001a6858a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bauhaus school", "answer_start": 434}], "question": " In 1919 what business opened in Weimar, Germany?", "id": "5acfb0a077cf76001a6858a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Around the beginning of the 20th century, a general dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration gave rise to many new lines of thought that served as precursors to Modern Architecture. Notable among these is the Deutscher Werkbund, formed in 1907 to produce better quality machine made objects. The rise of the profession of industrial design is usually placed here. Following this lead, the Bauhaus school, founded in Weimar, Germany in 1919, redefined the architectural bounds prior set throughout history, viewing the creation of a building as the ultimate synthesis\u2014the apex\u2014of art, craft, and technology."}], ["Apabila seni bina moden mula diamalkan, ia adalah gerakan avant-garde dengan asas moral, falsafah, dan estetika. Sejurus selepas Perang Dunia I, para arkitek moden yang merintis berusaha mengembangkan gaya baru yang sesuai untuk tatanan sosial dan ekonomi pasca perang yang baru, yang menumpukan pada memenuhi keperluan kelas pertengahan dan buruh. Mereka menolak amalan seni bina dari penulisan akademik gaya sejarah yang berkhidmat dengan perintah aristokrat yang semakin merosot. Pendekatan arkitek Modernis adalah untuk mengurangkan bangunan kepada bentuk tulen, menghapus rujukan sejarah dan perhiasan yang memihak kepada butiran fungsian. Bangunan mempamerkan unsur-unsur fungsional dan struktur mereka, mendedahkan balok keluli dan permukaan konkrit dan bukannya menyembunyikannya di sebalik bentuk hiasan. <> Pergerakan apa jenis seni bina moden pada permulaan? || gerakan avant-garde <> Siapa pergerakan baru yang dimaksudkan untuk memenuhi keperluan? || kelas pertengahan dan pekerja <> Keperluan siapa yang tidak lagi relevan dengan gaya baru? || perintah aristokrat yang semakin merosot <> Apakah butir-butir apa yang dikehendaki kaum Modernis di dalam bangunan mereka? || functionalist <> Butiran apa yang dilakukan oleh kaum moden? || rujukan sejarah dan hiasan <> Pergerakan apa jenis seni bina prasejarah pada mulanya? || <> Pergerakan apa jenis seni bina moden di akhir? || <> Siapa pergerakan lama yang dimaksudkan untuk memenuhi keperluan? || <> Butiran apa yang menggalakkan kaum moden? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of movement was modern architecture in the beginning?", "id": "56e4b61539bdeb14003479ac", "answers": [{"text": "avant-garde movement", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the new movement meant to suit the needs of?", "id": "56e4b61539bdeb14003479ad", "answers": [{"text": "the middle and working classes", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose needs were no longer relevant to the new style?", "id": "56e4b61539bdeb14003479ae", "answers": [{"text": "the rapidly declining aristocratic order", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of details did the Modernists' want in their buildings?", "id": "56e4b61539bdeb14003479af", "answers": [{"text": "functionalist", "answer_start": 639}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What details did Modernists' do away with?", "id": "56e4b61539bdeb14003479b0", "answers": [{"text": "historical references and ornament", "answer_start": 592}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "avant-garde", "answer_start": 56}], "question": "What kind of movement was prehistoric architecture in the beginning?", "id": "5acfb0eb77cf76001a6858b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "avant-garde", "answer_start": 56}], "question": "What kind of movement was modern architecture in the ending?", "id": "5acfb0eb77cf76001a6858b9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "middle and working classes", "answer_start": 331}], "question": " Who was the old movement meant to suit the needs of?", "id": "5acfb0eb77cf76001a6858ba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "historical styles", "answer_start": 430}], "question": " What details did Modernists' encourage?", "id": "5acfb0eb77cf76001a6858bb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "When modern architecture was first practiced, it was an avant-garde movement with moral, philosophical, and aesthetic underpinnings. Immediately after World War I, pioneering modernist architects sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order, focused on meeting the needs of the middle and working classes. They rejected the architectural practice of the academic refinement of historical styles which served the rapidly declining aristocratic order. The approach of the Modernist architects was to reduce buildings to pure forms, removing historical references and ornament in favor of functionalist details. Buildings displayed their functional and structural elements, exposing steel beams and concrete surfaces instead of hiding them behind decorative forms."}], ["Dengan pengetahuan yang muncul dalam bidang sains dan kebangkitan bahan dan teknologi baru, seni bina dan kejuruteraan mula memisahkan, dan arkitek mula menumpukan pada estetika dan aspek humanis, selalunya dengan mengorbankan aspek teknikal reka bentuk bangunan. Terdapat juga peningkatan \"arkitek lelaki\" yang biasanya ditangani dengan pelanggan yang kaya dan tertumpu pada ciri-ciri visual yang diperolehi biasanya dari prototaip sejarah, yang ditandakan oleh banyak rumah negara Great Britain yang dicipta dalam gaya Neo Gothic atau Barisan Scotland. Latihan seni bina formal pada abad ke-19, contohnya di \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts di Perancis, memberi penekanan kepada pengeluaran lukisan yang indah dan sedikit konteks dan kemungkinan. Arkitek yang berkesan secara amnya menerima latihan mereka di pejabat arkitek lain, menamatkan peranan dari draughtsmen atau kerani. <> Apa dua bidang mula membesar? || seni bina dan kejuruteraan <> Apa arsitek sering mengabaikan dalam mengejar estetika? || aspek teknikal reka bentuk bangunan <> Apa istilah bagi arkitek yang memenuhi keperluan orang kaya? || \"arsitek lelaki\" <> Apa yang berlaku pada abad ke-19 formal pengabaian latihan seni bina? || konteks dan kelayakan <> Di mana kebanyakan arkitek mempelajari perdagangan mereka? || di pejabat arkitek lain <> Apa dua bidang semakin dekat? || <> Apa tiga bidang mula membesar? || <> Apa arsitek sering suka dalam mengejar estetika? || <> Apa istilah untuk arkitek yang memenuhi keperluan golongan miskin? || <> Apa yang berlaku pada abad ke-18 formal pengabaian latihan seni bina? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What two fields began to grow apart?", "id": "56e48e3239bdeb140034798c", "answers": [{"text": "architecture and engineering", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did architects often neglect in their pursuit of aesthetics?", "id": "56e48e3239bdeb140034798d", "answers": [{"text": "technical aspects of building design", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was a term for an architect who catered to the wealthy?", "id": "56e48e3239bdeb140034798e", "answers": [{"text": "\"gentleman architect\"", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did 19th century formal architectural training neglect?", "id": "56e48e3239bdeb140034798f", "answers": [{"text": "context and feasibility", "answer_start": 760}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did most architects learn their trade?", "id": "56e48e3239bdeb1400347990", "answers": [{"text": "in the offices of other architects", "answer_start": 840}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "architecture and engineering", "answer_start": 95}], "question": " What two fields got closer?", "id": "5acfb00a77cf76001a68587a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "architecture and engineering", "answer_start": 95}], "question": " What three fields began to grow apart?", "id": "5acfb00a77cf76001a68587b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "technical aspects of building design", "answer_start": 246}], "question": " What did architects often favor in their pursuit of aesthetics?", "id": "5acfb00a77cf76001a68587c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "gentleman architect", "answer_start": 316}], "question": " What was a term for an architect who catered to the poor?", "id": "5acfb00a77cf76001a68587d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "context and feasibility", "answer_start": 760}], "question": " What did 18th century formal architectural training neglect?", "id": "5acfb00a77cf76001a68587e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "With the emerging knowledge in scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology, architecture and engineering began to separate, and the architect began to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects, often at the expense of technical aspects of building design. There was also the rise of the \"gentleman architect\" who usually dealt with wealthy clients and concentrated predominantly on visual qualities derived usually from historical prototypes, typified by the many country houses of Great Britain that were created in the Neo Gothic or Scottish Baronial styles. Formal architectural training in the 19th century, for example at \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts in France, gave much emphasis to the production of beautiful drawings and little to context and feasibility. Effective architects generally received their training in the offices of other architects, graduating to the role from draughtsmen or clerks."}], ["Arkitek seperti Frank Lloyd Wright telah membangunkan seni bina Organik, di mana bentuknya ditakrifkan oleh persekitaran dan tujuannya, dengan matlamat untuk mempromosikan keharmonian antara kediaman manusia dan dunia semula jadi dengan contoh utama Robie House dan Fallingwater. <> Siapa yang berperanan dalam mewujudkan seni bina Organik? || Frank Lloyd Wright <> Apakah dua rekaan Wright? || Robie House and Fallingwater <> Apakah niat Wright mengenai manusia dan alam semula jadi? || untuk mempromosikan keharmonian <> Yang penting dalam menolak seni bina Organik? || <> Siapa yang berperanan dalam mencipta seni bina anorganik? || <> Apakah empat reka bentuk Wright? || <> Wright ingin mempromosikan ketidakharmonian dalam apa yang dua kumpulan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was instrumental in creating Organic architecture?", "id": "56e4b69439bdeb14003479b6", "answers": [{"text": "Frank Lloyd Wright", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two of Wright's designs?", "id": "56e4b69439bdeb14003479b7", "answers": [{"text": "Robie House and Fallingwater", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Wright's intention regarding humans and nature?", "id": "56e4b69439bdeb14003479b8", "answers": [{"text": "to promote harmony", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Frank Lloyd Wright", "answer_start": 19}], "question": " Who was instrumental in rejecting Organic architecture?", "id": "5acfb12277cf76001a6858c0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Frank Lloyd Wright", "answer_start": 19}], "question": " Who was instrumental in creating inorganic architecture?", "id": "5acfb12277cf76001a6858c1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Robie House and Fallingwater", "answer_start": 236}], "question": " What are four of Wright's designs?", "id": "5acfb12277cf76001a6858c2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "human habitation and the natural world", "answer_start": 171}], "question": "Wright wanted to promote disharmony in what two groups?", "id": "5acfb12277cf76001a6858c3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright developed Organic architecture, in which the form was defined by its environment and purpose, with an aim to promote harmony between human habitation and the natural world with prime examples being Robie House and Fallingwater."}], ["Sejak 1980-an, kerana kerumitan bangunan mula meningkat (dari segi sistem struktur, perkhidmatan, tenaga dan teknologi), bidang seni bina menjadi pelbagai disiplin dengan pengkhususan untuk setiap jenis projek, kepakaran teknologi atau kaedah penyampaian projek. Di samping itu, terdapat peningkatan pemisahan arkitek 'reka bentuk' [Nota 1] daripada arkitek 'projek' yang memastikan projek itu memenuhi standard yang diperlukan dan menangani perkara liabiliti. [Nota 2] Proses persediaan untuk reka bentuk mana-mana bangunan besar telah menjadi semakin rumit, dan memerlukan kajian permulaan mengenai perkara-perkara seperti ketahanan, kemampanan, kualiti, wang, dan pematuhan dengan undang-undang tempatan. Struktur yang besar tidak lagi dapat menjadi rekaan satu orang tetapi harus menjadi karya banyak orang. Modernisme dan Postmodernisme telah dikritik oleh beberapa ahli profesion seni bina yang merasakan bahawa seni bina yang berjaya bukanlah usaha peribadi, falsafah, atau estetik oleh para individu; Sebaliknya ia harus mempertimbangkan keperluan sehari-hari orang ramai dan menggunakan teknologi untuk mewujudkan persekitaran yang boleh didiami, dengan proses reka bentuk yang dimaklumkan oleh kajian sains tingkah laku, alam sekitar, dan sosial. <> Perihal kapan arsitektur bermula? || Sejak tahun 1980-an <Siapa yang tidak lagi dapat merangka struktur besar? || satu orang <> Apa dua pergerakan seni bina telah mendapat kritikan untuk memberi tumpuan kepada keperibadian mereka? || Modernisme dan Postmodernism <> Kira-kira ketika senibina berhenti mengkhususkan diri? || <> Apa yang terjadi sebelum tahun 1980-an? || <> Bilakah kerumitan bangunan mula berkurang? || <> Apa dua pergerakan seni bina tidak pernah menghadapi kritikan kerana tumpuan mereka terhadap keperibadian? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "About when did architecture begin specializing?", "id": "56e4cdc339bdeb14003479d6", "answers": [{"text": "Since the 1980s", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who can no longer design a large structure?", "id": "56e4cdc339bdeb14003479d8", "answers": [{"text": "one person", "answer_start": 782}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two architectural movements have come under criticism for their focus on individuality? ", "id": "56e4cdc339bdeb14003479d9", "answers": [{"text": "Modernism and Postmodernism", "answer_start": 823}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1980s", "answer_start": 10}], "question": " About when did architecture stop specializing?", "id": "5acfb25577cf76001a685924", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "complexity of buildings began to increase", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "What happened before the 1980s?", "id": "5acfb25577cf76001a685925", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1980s", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "When did complexity of buildings began to decrease? ", "id": "5acfb25577cf76001a685926", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Modernism and Postmodernism", "answer_start": 823}], "question": "What two architectural movements have never faced criticism for their focus on individuality?", "id": "5acfb25577cf76001a685927", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Since the 1980s, as the complexity of buildings began to increase (in terms of structural systems, services, energy and technologies), the field of architecture became multi-disciplinary with specializations for each project type, technological expertise or project delivery methods. In addition, there has been an increased separation of the 'design' architect [Notes 1] from the 'project' architect who ensures that the project meets the required standards and deals with matters of liability.[Notes 2] The preparatory processes for the design of any large building have become increasingly complicated, and require preliminary studies of such matters as durability, sustainability, quality, money, and compliance with local laws. A large structure can no longer be the design of one person but must be the work of many. Modernism and Postmodernism have been criticised by some members of the architectural profession who feel that successful architecture is not a personal, philosophical, or aesthetic pursuit by individualists; rather it has to consider everyday needs of people and use technology to create liveable environments, with the design process being informed by studies of behavioral, environmental, and social sciences."}], ["Pada masa yang sama, pergerakan baru Urbanisme Baru, senibina Metaphoric dan Senibina Klasik Baru menggalakkan pendekatan yang mampan terhadap pembinaan, yang menghargai dan membangunkan pertumbuhan pintar, tradisi seni bina dan reka bentuk klasik. Ini bertentangan dengan seni bina moden dan seragam, serta bersandar pada ladang perumahan bersendirian dan pinggir bandar. <> Apakah tiga pergerakan baru yang mempunyai tumpuan terhadap kemapanan? || Urbanisme baru, senibina metafora dan Senibina Klasik Baru <> Apakah jenis bangunan dan perkembangan bangunan yang merupakan pergerakan baru yang tidak memihak? || estet perumahan bersendirian dan kawasan pinggir bandar. <> Apakah tiga perkara pergerakan baru yang cuba dicapainya? || pertumbuhan pintar, tradisi seni bina dan reka bentuk klasik <> Apakah pergerakan seni bina yang lebih tua melakukan gerakan yang lebih baru tidak pergi bersama? || seni moden dan seni bina seragam global <> Apakah tiga pergerakan lama yang mempunyai tumpuan terhadap kemapanan? || <> Apa jenis bangunan dan perkembangan bangunan adalah pergerakan lama yang tidak memihak? || <> Apakah tiga perkara yang dicuba oleh pergerakan lama? || <> Apakah pergerakan seni bina yang lebih tua melakukan pergerakan yang lebih lama tidak pergi bersama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are three new movements that have a focus on sustainability?", "id": "56e4cfd839bdeb14003479de", "answers": [{"text": "New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kinds of buildings and building developments are the new movements not in favor of?", "id": "56e4cfd839bdeb14003479df", "answers": [{"text": "solitary housing estates and suburban sprawl.", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are three things the new movements try to achieve?", "id": "56e4cfd839bdeb14003479e0", "answers": [{"text": "smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What older architectural movements do the newer movements not go along with?", "id": "56e4cfd839bdeb14003479e1", "answers": [{"text": "modernist and globally uniform architecture", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture", "answer_start": 38}], "question": "What are three old movements that have a focus on sustainability?", "id": "5acfb2be77cf76001a68595c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "solitary housing estates and suburban sprawl", "answer_start": 342}], "question": "What kinds of buildings and building developments are the old movements not in favor of?", "id": "5acfb2be77cf76001a68595d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design", "answer_start": 190}], "question": " What are three things the old movements try to achieve?", "id": "5acfb2be77cf76001a68595e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "modernist and globally uniform architecture", "answer_start": 270}], "question": "What older architectural movements do the older movements not go along with?", "id": "5acfb2be77cf76001a68595f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Concurrently, the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and develops smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design. This in contrast to modernist and globally uniform architecture, as well as leaning against solitary housing estates and suburban sprawl."}], ["Ramai arkitek menentang modenisme, mendapati ia tidak mempunyai gaya hiasan gaya sejarah. Sebagai generasi pertama kaum modenis mula mati selepas Perang Dunia II, generasi kedua arkitek termasuk Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, dan Eero Saarinen cuba memperluaskan estetisme modenisme dengan Brutalisme, bangunan dengan fasad arca ekspresif yang terbuat dari konkrit yang belum selesai. Tetapi generasi pasca-generasi muda yang lebih muda mengkritik modenisme dan Brutalisme kerana terlalu keras, seragam, monoton, dan tidak mengambil kira kekayaan pengalaman manusia yang ditawarkan di bangunan bersejarah sepanjang masa dan di tempat dan budaya yang berlainan. <> Apa aspek gaya sejarah yang dilakukan oleh banyak arkitek yang tidak mempunyai gaya moden? || kekayaan hiasan <> Siapa tiga arkitek yang mempengaruhi Brutalisme? || Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, dan Eero Saarinen <> Apa bahan yang digunakan dalam struktur Brutalist? || konkrit yang belum selesai <> Yang tidak bersetuju dengan estetik Brutalisme? || generasi selepas perang <> Aspek gaya sejarah apa banyak arkitek mencari berkembang pesat dalam gaya moden? || <> Siapa tiga arkitek yang tidak menggalakkan Brutalisme? || <> Apa bahan yang tidak pernah digunakan dalam struktur Brutalist? || <> Siapa yang bersetuju dengan estetik Brutalisme? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What aspect of historical styles did a lot of architects find lacking in modernist styles?", "id": "56e4c3f339bdeb14003479c6", "answers": [{"text": "decorative richness", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were three architects who influenced Brutalism?", "id": "56e4c3f339bdeb14003479c7", "answers": [{"text": "Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What material was used in Brutalist structures?", "id": "56e4c3f339bdeb14003479c8", "answers": [{"text": "unfinished concrete", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who disagreed with the aesthetic of Brutalism?", "id": "56e4c3f339bdeb14003479c9", "answers": [{"text": "postwar generation", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "decorative richness", "answer_start": 61}], "question": "What aspect of historical styles did a lot of architects find booming in modernist styles?", "id": "5acfb19177cf76001a6858d2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen", "answer_start": 210}], "question": " Who were three architects who discouraged Brutalism?", "id": "5acfb19177cf76001a6858d3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "unfinished concrete", "answer_start": 370}], "question": " What material was never used in Brutalist structures?", "id": "5acfb19177cf76001a6858d4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "postwar generation", "answer_start": 415}], "question": " Who agreed with the aesthetic of Brutalism?", "id": "5acfb19177cf76001a6858d5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Many architects resisted modernism, finding it devoid of the decorative richness of historical styles. As the first generation of modernists began to die after WWII, a second generation of architects including Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen tried to expand the aesthetics of modernism with Brutalism, buildings with expressive sculptural facades made of unfinished concrete. But an even new younger postwar generation critiqued modernism and Brutalism for being too austere, standardized, monotone, and not taking into account the richness of human experience offered in historical buildings across time and in different places and cultures."}], ["Salah satu tindak balas kepada estetik sejuk modenisme dan Brutalisme adalah sekolah seni bina metafora, yang merangkumi perkara-perkara seperti biomorphism dan seni bina zoomorphic, kedua-duanya menggunakan alam sebagai sumber utama inspirasi dan reka bentuk. Walaupun dianggap oleh sesetengah aspek semata-mata sebagai postmodernisme, yang lain menganggapnya sebagai sebuah sekolah dengan haknya sendiri dan perkembangan seni bina ekspresi kemudiannya. <> Sekolah apakah yang menjadi respons kepada Brutalisme? || sekolah arsitektur metafora <> Apakah dua contoh seni bina metafora? || biomorfisme dan seni bina zoomorphic <> Apakah biomorfisme dan seni bina zoomorphic berdasarkan reka bentuk bijak? || sifat <> Apa jenis arsitektur yang ada yang menganggap arsitektur metafora sebagai pembangunan? || seni bina ekspresionis <> Sekolah apa yang menjadi estetika hangat dari modernisme || <> Apakah dua contoh seni bina tidak metafora? || <> Apakah biomorphism dan seni bina zoomorphic tidak berasaskan selepas reka bentuk bijak? || <> Jenis seni bina apa yang tidak ada yang menganggap seni bina metafora sebagai perkembangan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What school was a response to Brutalism?", "id": "56e4c4a539bdeb14003479ce", "answers": [{"text": "the school of metaphoric architecture", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two examples of metaphoric architecture?", "id": "56e4c4a539bdeb14003479cf", "answers": [{"text": "biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture based after design wise?", "id": "56e4c4a539bdeb14003479d0", "answers": [{"text": "nature", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of architecture do some consider metaphoric architecture to be a development of?", "id": "56e4c4a539bdeb14003479d1", "answers": [{"text": "expressionist architecture", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Brutalism", "answer_start": 57}], "question": "What school was a warm aesthetic of modernism", "id": "5acfb1de77cf76001a685900", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture", "answer_start": 139}], "question": " What are two examples of non-metaphoric architecture?", "id": "5acfb1de77cf76001a685901", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "nature", "answer_start": 191}], "question": "What are biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture not based after design wise?", "id": "5acfb1de77cf76001a685902", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "expressionist", "answer_start": 397}], "question": "What type of architecture does nobody consider metaphoric architecture to be a development of?", "id": "5acfb1de77cf76001a685903", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "One such reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism is the school of metaphoric architecture, which includes such things as biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture, both using nature as the primary source of inspiration and design. While it is considered by some to be merely an aspect of postmodernism, others consider it to be a school in its own right and a later development of expressionist architecture."}], ["Arkitek seperti Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson dan Marcel Breuer bekerja untuk mencipta kecantikan berdasarkan kualiti bahan binaan dan teknik pembinaan moden, berdagang bentuk bersejarah tradisional untuk bentuk geometri mudah, meraikan cara dan kaedah baru yang mungkin dilakukan oleh Industri Revolusi, termasuk pembinaan rangka besi, yang melahirkan superstruktur tinggi. Menjelang pertengahan abad, Modernisme telah berubah menjadi Gaya Antarabangsa, sebuah estetik yang melambangkan banyak cara oleh Menara Berkembar Pusat Perdagangan Dunia New York yang direka oleh Minoru Yamasaki. <> Apa yang memungkinkan untuk merekabentuk seni bina melalui cara dan kaedah baru? || Revolusi Perindustrian <> Apa jenis pembinaan baru yang membolehkan pembuatan gedung pencakar langit? || pembinaan rangka besi <> Gaya apa yang berlaku selepas Modernisme? || Gaya Antarabangsa <> Apakah contoh Gaya Antarabangsa? || Menara Berkembar <> Siapa yang merancang Menara Berkembar? || Minoru Yamasaki <> Apa yang membuat mustahil untuk merancang seni bina melalui cara dan kaedah baru? || <> Apa jenis pembinaan lama yang dibenarkan membuat pencakar langit? || <> Gaya apa yang berlaku sebelum Modernisme? || <> Siapa yang merancang Triplet Towers? || <> Apakah contoh Gaya Domestik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What made it possible to design architecture through new means and methods?", "id": "56e4c33039bdeb14003479bc", "answers": [{"text": "the Industrial Revolution", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What new type of construction allowed the making of skyscrapers?", "id": "56e4c33039bdeb14003479bd", "answers": [{"text": "steel-frame construction", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What style came after Modernism?", "id": "56e4c33039bdeb14003479be", "answers": [{"text": "International Style", "answer_start": 464}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of International Style?", "id": "56e4c33039bdeb14003479bf", "answers": [{"text": "Twin Towers", "answer_start": 529}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who designed the Twin Towers?", "id": "56e4c33039bdeb14003479c0", "answers": [{"text": "Minoru Yamasaki", "answer_start": 586}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Industrial Revolution", "answer_start": 311}], "question": "What made it impossible to design architecture through new means and methods?", "id": "5acfb16777cf76001a6858c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "steel-frame construction", "answer_start": 344}], "question": " What old type of construction allowed the making of skyscrapers?", "id": "5acfb16777cf76001a6858c9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "International", "answer_start": 464}], "question": " What style came before Modernism?", "id": "5acfb16777cf76001a6858ca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Minoru Yamasaki", "answer_start": 586}], "question": " Who designed the Triplet Towers?", "id": "5acfb16777cf76001a6858cb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Twin Towers", "answer_start": 529}], "question": " What is an example of Domestic Style?", "id": "5acfb16777cf76001a6858cc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and methods made possible by the Industrial Revolution, including steel-frame construction, which gave birth to high-rise superstructures. By mid-century, Modernism had morphed into the International Style, an aesthetic epitomized in many ways by the Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center designed by Minoru Yamasaki."}], ["Bermula pada akhir 1950-an dan 1960-an, fenomenologi seni bina muncul sebagai pergerakan penting dalam reaksi awal terhadap modenisme, dengan arkitek seperti Charles Moore di Amerika Syarikat, Christian Norberg-Schulz di Norway, dan Ernesto Nathan Rogers dan Vittorio Gregotti di Itali, yang secara kolektif mempopulerkan minat dalam senibina kontemporari baru yang bertujuan memperluaskan pengalaman manusia menggunakan bangunan bersejarah sebagai model dan preseden. Postmodernisme menghasilkan gaya yang menggabungkan teknologi bangunan kontemporari dan bahan-bahan yang murah, dengan estetika gaya pra-moden dan bukan moden yang lebih tua, dari seni bina klasik yang tinggi ke gaya bangunan serantau yang popular atau vernakular. Robert Venturi terkenal sebagai seni bina postmodern sebagai \"bangsal yang dihiasi\" (sebuah bangunan biasa yang direka secara fungsian di dalam dan dihiasi di luar), dan menegaskannya terhadap \"itik\" modenis dan brutal (bangunan dengan bentuk tektonik yang tidak perlu). <> Bilakah permulaan pergerakan fenomenologi seni bina? || akhir tahun 1950-an dan 1960-an <> Apakah fenomenologi seni bina bereaksi? || modenisme <> Apa fenomenologi arkitek yang ingin berkembang? || pengalaman manusia <> Siapa yang memanggil seni bina postmodern sebagai \"bangsal yang dihias\"? || Robert Venturi <> Apa istilah Venturi digunakan untuk bangunan brutalis dan mondernist? || \"itik\" <> Bilakah akhir pergerakan fenomenologi seni bina? || <> Apa yang terjadi pada awal 1950-an? || <> Apakah fenomenologi seni bina tidak bertindak balas? || <> Apakah fenomenologi arkitek yang ingin menjauhkan diri? || <> Siapa yang menamakan senibina postmodern sebagai \"bangunan yang dihias\"? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the start of the  architectural phenomenology movement?", "id": "56e4cced8c00841900fbafeb", "answers": [{"text": "the late 1950s and 1960s", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was  architectural phenomenology reacting to?", "id": "56e4cced8c00841900fbafec", "answers": [{"text": "modernism", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the architectural phenomenologists hoping to expand?", "id": "56e4cced8c00841900fbafed", "answers": [{"text": "human experience", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who called postmodern architecture a \"decorated shed\"?", "id": "56e4cced8c00841900fbafee", "answers": [{"text": "Robert Venturi", "answer_start": 693}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term did Venturi use for brutalist and mondernist buildings?", "id": "56e4cced8c00841900fbafef", "answers": [{"text": "\"ducks\"", "answer_start": 910}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1950s and 1960s", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "When was the end of the architectural phenomenology movement?", "id": "5acfb20d77cf76001a68591a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "architectural phenomenology", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "What happened in the early 1950s?", "id": "5acfb20d77cf76001a68591b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "modernism", "answer_start": 130}], "question": " What was architectural phenomenology not reacting to?", "id": "5acfb20d77cf76001a68591c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "human experience", "answer_start": 377}], "question": " What were the architectural phenomenologists hoping to stay away from?", "id": "5acfb20d77cf76001a68591d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Robert Venturi", "answer_start": 693}], "question": " Who called postmodern architecture a \"decorated building\"?", "id": "5acfb20d77cf76001a68591e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Beginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively popularized an interest in a new contemporary architecture aimed at expanding human experience using historical buildings as models and precedents. Postmodernism produced a style that combined contemporary building technology and cheap materials, with the aesthetics of older pre-modern and non-modern styles, from high classical architecture to popular or vernacular regional building styles. Robert Venturi famously defined postmodern architecture as a \"decorated shed\" (an ordinary building which is functionally designed inside and embellished on the outside), and upheld it against modernist and brutalist \"ducks\" (buildings with unnecessarily expressive tectonic forms)."}], ["Kelestarian alam sekitar telah menjadi isu arus perdana, dengan kesan mendalam kepada profesion seni bina. Ramai pemaju, mereka yang menyokong pembiayaan bangunan, telah menjadi berpendidikan untuk menggalakkan fasilitasi reka bentuk yang berkekalan alam sekitar, dan bukannya penyelesaian yang berasaskan kos segera. Contoh utama ini boleh didapati dalam reka bentuk bangunan solar pasif, reka bentuk bumbung yang lebih hijau, bahan biodegradable, dan perhatian yang lebih kepada penggunaan tenaga struktur. Peralihan utama dalam seni bina ini juga telah mengubah sekolah-sekolah seni bina untuk menumpukan lebih banyak kepada alam sekitar. Kemapanan seni bina dipelopori oleh Frank Lloyd Wright, pada tahun 1960-an oleh Buckminster Fuller dan pada tahun 1970-an oleh arkitek seperti Ian McHarg dan Sim Van der Ryn di Amerika Syarikat dan Brenda dan Robert Vale di UK dan New Zealand. Terdapat pecutan dalam bilangan bangunan yang berusaha memenuhi prinsip reka bentuk bangunan yang mapan. Amalan mampan yang menjadi teras seni bina vernakular semakin memberikan inspirasi untuk teknik kontemporari yang mapan dan mesra sosial. Sistem penilaian LEED (Kepimpinan dalam Tenaga dan Rekabentuk Alam Sekitar) AUSTRALIA A.S. telah memainkan peranan penting dalam hal ini. <> Apakah isu yang telah berpindah ke barisan hadapan dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan? || Kemampanan alam sekitar <> Apa yang dilihat oleh sekolah arsitek pada masa kini? || alam sekitar <> Siapa yang pertama merancang seni bina alam sekitar? || Frank Lloyd Wright <> Siapa yang dikenali dengan memberi tumpuan kepada alam sekitar pada 1960-an? || Buckminster Fuller <> Sistem penarafan organisasi apa yang menggalakkan kemampanan? || Majlis Bangunan Hijau A.S. <> Masalah apa yang telah berpindah ke barisan terdahulu dalam beberapa tahun yang lalu? || <> Apa yang dilihat oleh sekolah seni bina pada masa kini dan kurang? || <> Siapa yang terakhir merancang seni bina alam sekitar? || <> Siapa yang dikenali kerana memberi tumpuan kepada alam sekitar pada tahun 1970-an? || <> Sistem penarafan organisasi apa yang menggalakkan kemapanan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What issue has moved to the forefront in recent years?", "id": "56e4ceac8c00841900fbaff5", "answers": [{"text": "Environmental sustainability", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do architecture schools look at more and more nowadays?", "id": "56e4ceac8c00841900fbaff6", "answers": [{"text": "the environment", "answer_start": 579}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first to design architecture environmentally?", "id": "56e4ceac8c00841900fbaff7", "answers": [{"text": "Frank Lloyd Wright", "answer_start": 644}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was known for focusing on the environment in the 1960s?", "id": "56e4ceac8c00841900fbaff8", "answers": [{"text": "Buckminster Fuller", "answer_start": 680}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization's rating system promotes sustainability?", "id": "56e4ceac8c00841900fbaff9", "answers": [{"text": "The U.S. Green Building Council", "answer_start": 1130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Environmental sustainability", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What issue has moved to the forefront in past years?", "id": "5acfb28f77cf76001a685936", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the environment", "answer_start": 579}], "question": " What do architecture schools look at less and less nowadays?", "id": "5acfb28f77cf76001a685937", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Frank Lloyd Wright", "answer_start": 644}], "question": " Who was the last to design architecture environmentally?", "id": "5acfb28f77cf76001a685938", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Buckminster Fuller", "answer_start": 680}], "question": " Who was known for focusing on the environment in the 1970s?", "id": "5acfb28f77cf76001a685939", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "U.S. Green Building Council's LEED", "answer_start": 1134}], "question": "What organization's rating system discourages sustainability?", "id": "5acfb28f77cf76001a68593a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Environmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession. Many developers, those who support the financing of buildings, have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustainable design, rather than solutions based primarily on immediate cost. Major examples of this can be found in Passive solar building design, greener roof designs, biodegradable materials, and more attention to a structure's energy usage. This major shift in architecture has also changed architecture schools to focus more on the environment. Sustainability in architecture was pioneered by Frank Lloyd Wright, in the 1960s by Buckminster Fuller and in the 1970s by architects such as Ian McHarg and Sim Van der Ryn in the US and Brenda and Robert Vale in the UK and New Zealand. There has been an acceleration in the number of buildings which seek to meet green building sustainable design principles. Sustainable practices that were at the core of vernacular architecture increasingly provide inspiration for environmentally and socially sustainable contemporary techniques. The U.S. Green Building Council's LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) rating system has been instrumental in this."}]], [["Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2014 oleh Program Pembangunan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu dikeluarkan pada 24 Julai 2014, dan menghitung nilai-nilai HDI berdasarkan perkiraan untuk tahun 2013. Di bawah adalah senarai \"pembangunan manusia yang sangat tinggi\" negara: <> Pada tarikh berapa 2014 Laporan Pembangunan Manusia dikeluarkan? || 24 Julai 2014 <> Tahun manakah yang digunakan untuk anggaran dalam laporan 2014? || 2013 <> Pada tarikh apakah Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2010 dikeluarkan? || <> Tahun manakah yang digunakan untuk anggaran dalam laporan 2004? || <> Apa yang telah dikeluarkan pada 25 Julai 2014 ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the 2014 Human Development Report released?", "id": "56de2fa0cffd8e1900b4b63e", "answers": [{"text": "July 24, 2014", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which year was used for estimates in the 2014 report?", "id": "56de2fa0cffd8e1900b4b63f", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "July 24, 2014", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "On what date was the 2010 Human Development Report released?", "id": "5ad0ccaa645df0001a2d03ac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 156}], "question": " Which year was used for estimates in the 2004 report?", "id": "5ad0ccaa645df0001a2d03ad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What was released on July 25 2014", "id": "5ad0ccaa645df0001a2d03ae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The 2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on July 24, 2014, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2013. Below is the list of the \"very high human development\" countries:"}], ["Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2015 oleh Program Pembangunan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu telah dikeluarkan pada 14 Disember 2015, dan menghitung nilai-nilai HDI berdasarkan perkiraan untuk tahun 2014. Di bawah adalah senarai \"pembangunan manusia yang sangat tinggi\" negara: <> Pada tarikh apa 2015 Laporan Pembangunan Manusia yang dikeluarkan? || 14 Disember 2015 <> Tahun manakah yang digunakan untuk anggaran dalam laporan 2015? || 2014 <> Apa yang berlaku pada 15 Disember 2015 || <> Pada tarikh apakah Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2005 dikeluarkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the 2015 Human Development Report released?", "id": "56de2f784396321400ee2658", "answers": [{"text": "December 14, 2015", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which year was used for estimates in the 2015 report?", "id": "56de2f784396321400ee2659", "answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "What happened on December 15, 2015", "id": "5ad0cb4d645df0001a2d039e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December 14, 2015", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "On what date was the 2005 Human Development Report released?", "id": "5ad0cb4d645df0001a2d039f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The 2015 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on December 14, 2015, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2014. Below is the list of the \"very high human development\" countries:"}], ["Sesetengah negara tidak termasuk dalam pelbagai sebab, terutamanya kekurangan data yang diperlukan. Negara anggota Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu berikut tidak termasuk dalam laporan 2014: Korea Utara, Kepulauan Marshall, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Somalia, India, Pakistan, Sudan Selatan, dan Tuvalu. <> Apakah sebab utama negara-negara dikeluarkan daripada laporan 2014? || kekurangan data yang diperlukan <> Yang diktator Asia Timur mana yang dikecualikan daripada laporan 2014? || Korea Utara <> Apakah sebab utama negara-negara dikeluarkan daripada laporan 2013? || <> Tahun apa semua termasuk negara? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2014 report?", "id": "56de3178cffd8e1900b4b659", "answers": [{"text": "lack of necessary data", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2014 report?", "id": "56de412c4396321400ee2710", "answers": [{"text": "North Korea", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lack of necessary data", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2013 report?", "id": "5ad0cd5f645df0001a2d03dc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 160}], "question": "What year were all countries included?", "id": "5ad0cd5f645df0001a2d03de", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some countries were not included for various reasons, primarily the lack of necessary data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2014 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Somalia, India, Pakistan, South Sudan, and Tuvalu."}], ["Formula yang menentukan HDI diisytiharkan oleh Program Pembangunan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (UNDP). Secara umum, untuk mengubah pemboleh ubah mentah, katakan, ke dalam indeks bebas unit antara 0 dan 1 (yang membolehkan indeks yang berbeza untuk ditambah bersama), formula berikut digunakan: <> Entiti apa yang menjadikan formula yang menentukan untuk HDI dengan baik -pengetahuan? || Program Pembangunan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu <> Entiti apa yang membuat formula penentu untuk HDMI terkenal? || <> Apakah UNDD berdiri? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What entity makes the defining formula for the HDI well-known?", "id": "56de2f34cffd8e1900b4b63a", "answers": [{"text": "the United Nations Development Programme", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the United Nations Development Programme", "answer_start": 47}], "question": " What entity makes the defining formula for the HDMI well-known?", "id": "5ad0cac9645df0001a2d0392", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United Nations Development Programme", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "What does UNDD stand for? ", "id": "5ad0cac9645df0001a2d0393", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The formula defining the HDI is promulgated by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). In general, to transform a raw variable, say , into a unit-free index between 0 and 1 (which allows different indices to be added together), the following formula is used:"}], ["Indeks Pembangunan Manusia yang diselaraskan oleh ketidaksamaan (IHDI) adalah \"ukuran tahap rata-rata pembangunan manusia di dalam masyarakat apabila ketidaksamaan diambil kira.\" <> Apa yang khusus dipertimbangkan oleh IHDI? || Ketidaksamaan <> Adakah IHDI mengukur tahap \"purata\" atau tahap \"potensi\" pembangunan manusia? || tahap purata <> Apakah HIHDI khusus memperhitungkan? || <> Adakah IHDI mengukur tahap \"unaverage\" atau tahap \"kekurangan potensi\" dalam pembangunan manusia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does the IHDI specifically take into account?", "id": "56de2fedcffd8e1900b4b642", "answers": [{"text": "Inequality", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does the IHDI measure the \"average\" or the \"potential\" level of human development? ", "id": "56de2fedcffd8e1900b4b643", "answers": [{"text": "the average level", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "inequality", "answer_start": 139}], "question": " What does the HIHDI specifically take into account?", "id": "5ad0ccc0645df0001a2d03b2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "average level", "answer_start": 76}], "question": " Does the IHDI measure the \"unaverage\" or the \"lack of potential\" level of human development?", "id": "5ad0ccc0645df0001a2d03b3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a \"measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account.\""}], ["Negara-negara di bahagian atas HDI (kumpulan pembangunan manusia yang sangat tinggi) dengan IHDI hilang: New Zealand, Singapura, Hong Kong, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Qatar, Arab Saudi, Andorra, Emiriah Arab Bersatu, Bahrain, Cuba, dan Kuwait . <> Negara Caribbean mana yang berada di bahagian atas HDI (tetapi hilang IHDI)? || Cuba <> Adakah kuartil tertinggi HDI menganggap pembangunan manusia yang \"tinggi\" atau \"sangat tinggi\"? || sangat tinggi <> Negara Caribbean mana yang berada di bahagian atas HIDI (tetapi hilang HIHDI)? || <> s kuartit tertinggi HDI menganggap pembangunan \"rendah\" atau \"sangat rendah\"? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?", "id": "56de30cdcffd8e1900b4b64f", "answers": [{"text": "Cuba", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is the top quartile of HDI considered \"high\" or \"very high\" human development?", "id": "56de30cdcffd8e1900b4b650", "answers": [{"text": "very high", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cuba", "answer_start": 215}], "question": "Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HIDI (but missing HIHDI)?", "id": "5ad0cd40645df0001a2d03d8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "very high", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "s the top quartile of HDI considered \"low\" or \"very low\" human development?", "id": "5ad0cd40645df0001a2d03d9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Countries in the top quartile of HDI (\"very high human development\" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Cuba, and Kuwait."}], ["LE: Jangka hayat ketika lahir\nMYS: Purata tahun persekolahan (Tahun yang seseorang 25 tahun atau lebih tua telah menghabiskan sekolah)\nEYS: Tahun persekolahan yang dijangka (Tahun yang akan dibelanjakan kanak-kanak berusia 5 tahun di sekolah sepanjang hayatnya)\nGNIpc: Pendapatan negara kasar pada paritas kuasa beli per kapita <> Apa yang LE berdiri? || Jangka hayat ketika lahir <> Apa yang MYS berdiri? || Purata tahun persekolahan <> Apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh EYS? || Tahun-tahun yang dijangka persekolahan <> Apa itu GNIpc? || Pendapatan negara kasar pada pariti kuasa beli per kapita <> Apa yang berdiri untuk LI? || <> Apa maksud MIS? || <> Apa yang MATA berdiri? || <> Apa itu GNLpc? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does LE stand for?", "id": "56de2ee04396321400ee2650", "answers": [{"text": "Life expectancy at birth", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does MYS stand for?", "id": "56de2ee04396321400ee2651", "answers": [{"text": "Mean years of schooling", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does EYS stand for?", "id": "56de2ee04396321400ee2652", "answers": [{"text": "Expected years of schooling", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does GNIpc stand for?", "id": "56de2ee04396321400ee2653", "answers": [{"text": "Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Life expectancy at birth", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What does LI stand for?", "id": "5ad0caa5645df0001a2d0380", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mean years of schooling", "answer_start": 34}], "question": " What does MIS stand for?", "id": "5ad0caa5645df0001a2d0381", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Expected years of schooling", "answer_start": 131}], "question": " What does EYES stand for?", "id": "5ad0caa5645df0001a2d0382", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita", "answer_start": 240}], "question": " What does GNLpc stand for?", "id": "5ad0caa5645df0001a2d0383", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "LE: Life expectancy at birth\nMYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools)\nEYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life)\nGNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita"}], ["Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2010 memperkenalkan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia yang disesuaikan dengan ketidaksamaan (IHDI). Walaupun HDI yang sederhana tetap berguna, ia menyatakan bahawa \"IHDI adalah tahap sebenar pembangunan manusia (perakaunan ketidaksamaan),\" dan \"HDI dapat dilihat sebagai indeks 'potensi' pembangunan manusia (atau IHDI maksimum yang dapat boleh dicapai jika tidak ada ketidaksamaan). \" <> Dalam tahun apakah Laporan Pembangunan Manusia memperkenalkan IHDI? || 2010 <> Apakah IHDI berdiri? || Indeks Pembangunan Manusia yang diselaraskan ketidaksamaan <> Yang mengukur potensi pembangunan, HDI atau IHDI? || HDI <> Apa yang berlaku pada tahun 2001? || <> Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh IHDI2? || <> Yang mengukur potensi kemunduran, HDI atau IHDI? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the Human Development Report introduce the IHDI?", "id": "56de2d2acffd8e1900b4b624", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does IHDI stand for?", "id": "56de2d2acffd8e1900b4b625", "answers": [{"text": "Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which measures the potential development, the HDI or the IHDI?", "id": "56de3e1bcffd8e1900b4b6d6", "answers": [{"text": "the HDI", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "What happened in 2001?", "id": "5ad0b948645df0001a2d017c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index", "answer_start": 48}], "question": " What does IHDI2 stand for?", "id": "5ad0b948645df0001a2d017d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "HDI", "answer_start": 242}], "question": " Which measures the potential underdevelopment, the HDI or the IHDI?", "id": "5ad0b948645df0001a2d017f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that \"the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality),\" and \"the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum IHDI that could be achieved if there were no inequality).\""}], ["Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (HDI) adalah statistik komposit jangka hayat, pendidikan, dan indikator pendapatan per kapita, yang digunakan untuk menarafkan negara menjadi empat peringkat pembangunan manusia. Sebuah negara mencatatkan HDI yang lebih tinggi apabila jangkaan jangka hayat ketika melahirkan lebih panjang, tempoh pendidikan lebih panjang, dan pendapatan per kapita lebih tinggi. HDI telah dikembangkan oleh pakar ekonomi Pakistan Mahbub ul Haq, yang sering dibingkai dari segi sama ada orang dapat \"menjadi\" dan \"melakukan\" perkara-perkara yang diingini dalam hidup mereka, dan telah diterbitkan oleh Program Pembangunan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu. <> Yang tiga statistik mana yang dikumpulkan oleh HDI? || jangka hayat, pendidikan, dan pendapatan per kapita <> Adakah ranking tinggi di HDI menunjukkan jangka hayat yang lebih pendek atau lebih panjang? || lebih lama <> Siapa yang membangun HDI? || Mahbub ul Haq <> Apakah entiti menerbitkan HDI? || Program Pembangunan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu <> Adakah ranking tinggi di HDI menunjukkan jangka hayat yang lebih pendek atau lebih panjang ketika dilahirkan? || lebih lama <> Tiga statistik mana yang HDI mengabaikan? || <> Adakah ranking yang rendah di HDI menunjukkan jangka hayat yang lebih pendek atau lebih panjang? || <> Siapa yang menolak HDI? || <> Entiti apa yang menolak HDI? || <> Adakah ranking yang rendah di HDI menunjukkan jangka hayat yang lebih pendek atau lebih lama ketika dilahirkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which three statistics does the HDI compile?", "id": "56de2c7c4396321400ee2625", "answers": [{"text": "life expectancy, education, and income per capita", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does a high ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy?", "id": "56de2c7c4396321400ee2626", "answers": [{"text": "longer", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who developed the HDI?", "id": "56de2c7c4396321400ee2628", "answers": [{"text": "Mahbub ul Haq", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What entity publishes the HDI?", "id": "56de2c7c4396321400ee2629", "answers": [{"text": "United Nations Development Programme", "answer_start": 524}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does a high ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy at birth?", "id": "56de3d98cffd8e1900b4b6c9", "answers": [{"text": "longer", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators", "answer_start": 62}], "question": " Which three statistics does the HDI ignore?", "id": "5ad0b90e645df0001a2d0172", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "longer", "answer_start": 292}], "question": "Does a low ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy?", "id": "5ad0b90e645df0001a2d0173", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mahbub ul Haq", "answer_start": 386}], "question": " Who rejected the HDI?", "id": "5ad0b90e645df0001a2d0174", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United Nations Development Programme", "answer_start": 524}], "question": " What entity rejects the HDI?", "id": "5ad0b90e645df0001a2d0175", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "longer", "answer_start": 260}], "question": "Does a low ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy at birth?", "id": "5ad0b90e645df0001a2d0176", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period is longer, and the income per capita is higher. The HDI was developed by the Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq, often framed in terms of whether people are able to \"be\" and \"do\" desirable things in their life, and was published by the United Nations Development Programme."}], ["Asal-usul HDI dijumpai dalam Laporan Pembangunan Tahunan Program Pembangunan PBB (UNDP). Ini dibuat dan dilancarkan oleh ahli ekonomi Pakistan Mahbub ul Haq pada tahun 1990 dan mempunyai tujuan yang jelas \"untuk mengalihkan tumpuan ekonomi pembangunan daripada perakaunan pendapatan negara kepada dasar berpusatkan rakyat\". Untuk menghasilkan Laporan Pembangunan Manusia, Mahbub ul Haq membentuk sekumpulan ahli ekonomi pembangunan termasuk Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Sudhir Anand, dan Meghnad Desai. Bekerja bersama penghibur Nobel Amartya Sen, mereka bekerja pada keupayaan dan fungsi yang menyediakan kerangka konseptual yang mendasari. Haq yakin bahawa ukuran komposit mudah pembangunan manusia diperlukan untuk meyakinkan orang ramai, ahli akademik, dan ahli politik bahawa mereka boleh dan harus menilai pembangunan bukan sahaja dengan kemajuan ekonomi tetapi juga peningkatan kesejahteraan manusia. Sen pada mulanya menentang idea ini, tetapi dia tidak lama lagi membantu Haq mengembangkan Indeks. Sen bimbang bahawa ia akan menjadi sukar untuk menangkap keupayaan penuh keupayaan manusia dalam satu indeks tunggal, tetapi Haq memujuknya bahawa hanya satu angka yang akan mengubah perhatian ahli-ahli politik dari ekonomi kepada kesejahteraan manusia. <> Dalam tahun apakah Mahbub ul Haq merancang dan melancarkan HDI? || 1990 <> Siapa pada mulanya menentang idea untuk mencipta HDI? || Amartya Sen <> Mahbub ul Haq berharap dapat mengubah tumpuan ekonomi pembangunan kepada jenis dasar apa? || dasar berpusatkan rakyat <> Tahun manakah yang digunakan untuk anggaran dalam laporan 2011? || 1990 <> Dalam tahun apakah Mahbub ul Haq menolak HDI? || <> Siapa yang pada mulanya bersetuju dengan idea untuk mencipta HDI? || <> Mahbub ul Haq tidak mahu memindahkan tumpuan ekonomi pembangunan kepada jenis dasar apa? || <> Tahun manakah yang digunakan untuk anggaran dalam laporan 2001? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Mahbub ul Haq devise and launch the HDI?", "id": "56de2e934396321400ee2646", "answers": [{"text": "1990", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was initially opposed to the idea of creating the HDI?", "id": "56de2e934396321400ee2648", "answers": [{"text": "Amartya Sen", "answer_start": 566}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Mahbub ul Haq was hoping to shift the focus of development economics to what type of policies?", "id": "56de2e934396321400ee2649", "answers": [{"text": "people-centered policies", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which year was used for estimates in the 2011 report?", "id": "56de3e61cffd8e1900b4b6e6", "answers": [{"text": "1990", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1990", "answer_start": 191}], "question": "In what year did Mahbub ul Haq reject the HDI?", "id": "5ad0b983645df0001a2d0184", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Amartya Sen", "answer_start": 566}], "question": " Who was initially agreeing to the idea of creating the HDI?", "id": "5ad0b983645df0001a2d0185", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "people-centered policies", "answer_start": 305}], "question": " Mahbub ul Haq didn't want to shift the focus of development economics to what type of policies?", "id": "5ad0b983645df0001a2d0186", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1990", "answer_start": 191}], "question": "Which year was used for estimates in the 2001 report?", "id": "5ad0b983645df0001a2d0187", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose \"to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered policies\". To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. Working alongside Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, they worked on capabilities and functions that provided the underlying conceptual framework. Haq was sure that a simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well-being. Sen initially opposed this idea, but he soon went on to help Haq develop the Index. Sen was worried that it was going to be difficult to capture the full complexity of human capabilities in a single index, but Haq persuaded him that only a single number would shift the immediate attention of politicians from economic to human well-being."}], ["Indeks Pembangunan Manusia yang diselaraskan oleh ketidaksamaan (IHDI) adalah \"ukuran tahap rata-rata pembangunan manusia di dalam masyarakat apabila ketidaksamaan diambil kira.\" <> Adakah IHDI mengukur tahap \"purata\" atau \"potensi\" pembangunan manusia? || tingkat purata <> Adakah IHDI mengukur tahap \"tidak normal\" atau tahap \"kekurangan potensi\" dalam pembangunan manusia? || <> Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh HIDI? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Does the IHDI measure the \"average\" or the \"potential\" level of human development?", "id": "56de31f34396321400ee2680", "answers": [{"text": "the average level", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "average level of human", "answer_start": 76}], "question": "Does the IHDI measure the \"abnormal\" or the \"lack of potential\" level of human development?", "id": "5ad0ce6f645df0001a2d042a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What does the HIDI stand for? ", "id": "5ad0ce6f645df0001a2d042b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a \"measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account.\""}], ["Sesetengah negara tidak dimasukkan untuk pelbagai sebab, seperti menjadi ahli bukan PBB atau tidak dapat atau tidak bersedia untuk menyediakan data yang diperlukan pada masa penerbitan. Selain negeri-negeri dengan pengiktirafan yang terhad, negeri-negeri berikut juga tidak termasuk. <> Apa tiga sebab yang disebutkan untuk negara-negara yang dikecualikan? || menjadi ahli bukan PBB atau tidak dapat atau tidak bersedia untuk menyediakan data yang diperlukan pada masa penerbitan <> Apa empat alasan yang disebutkan untuk negara-negara yang dikecualikan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What three reasons were mentioned for countries being excluded?", "id": "56de45d84396321400ee2754", "answers": [{"text": "being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication", "answer_start": 62}], "question": " What four reasons were mentioned for countries being excluded?", "id": "5ad0d272645df0001a2d054c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some countries were not included for various reasons, such as being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication. Besides the states with limited recognition, the following states were also not included."}], ["Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2013 oleh Program Pembangunan Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu telah dikeluarkan pada 14 Mac 2013, dan mengira nilai-nilai HDI berdasarkan anggaran untuk tahun 2012. Di bawah adalah senarai \"pembangunan manusia yang sangat tinggi\" negara: <> Pada tarikh apakah 2013 Laporan Pembangunan Manusia dikeluarkan? || 14 Mac 2013 <> Tahun manakah yang digunakan untuk anggaran dalam laporan 2013? || 2012 <> Tahun manakah yang digunakan untuk anggaran dalam laporan 2014? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the 2013 Human Development Report released?", "id": "56de31984396321400ee2672", "answers": [{"text": "March 14, 2013", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which year was used for estimates in the 2013 report?", "id": "56de31984396321400ee2673", "answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 157}], "question": " Which year was used for estimates in the 2014 report?", "id": "5ad0cdb8645df0001a2d03f8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The 2013 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on March 14, 2013, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2012. Below is the list of the \"very high human development\" countries:"}], ["Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2010 adalah yang pertama untuk mengira Indeks Pembangunan Manusia yang disesuaikan dengan ketidaksamaan (IHDI), yang menimbulkan ketidaksamaan dalam tiga dimensi asas pembangunan manusia (pendapatan, jangka hayat, dan pendidikan). Di bawah adalah senarai negara-negara dalam kuartil teratas oleh IHDI: <> Dalam IHDI, ketidaksamaan difokuskan kepada tiga dimensi pembangunan manusia? || pendapatan, jangka hayat, dan pendidikan <> Dalam IHDI, ketidaksamaan tidak dimaksimumkan kepada tiga dimensi pembangunan manusia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In the IHDI, inequality is factored into what three human development dimensions?", "id": "56de43cdcffd8e1900b4b746", "answers": [{"text": "income, life expectancy, and education", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "income, life expectancy, and education", "answer_start": 198}], "question": "In the IHDI, inequality is never factored into what three human development dimensions?", "id": "5ad0d0c0645df0001a2d04be", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The 2010 Human Development Report was the first to calculate an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), which factors in inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development (income, life expectancy, and education). Below is a list of countries in the top quartile by IHDI:"}], ["Sesetengah negara tidak dimasukkan untuk pelbagai sebab, terutamanya ketidaksediaan data penting tertentu. Negara Ahli Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu berikut tidak termasuk dalam laporan 2011: Korea Utara, Kepulauan Marshall, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Sudan Selatan, Somalia dan Tuvalu. <> Apakah sebab utama negara-negara dikeluarkan dari laporan 2011? || ketiadaan data penting tertentu <> Yang diktator Asia Timur mana yang dikecualikan daripada laporan 2011? || Korea Utara <> Apa yang menjadi sebab utama negara-negara tidak dikecualikan daripada laporan 2011? || <> Apa yang menjadi sebab utama negara-negara dikecualikan daripada laporan 2012? || <> Yang diktator Asia Timur mana yang dikecualikan daripada laporan 2012? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2011 report?", "id": "56de43294396321400ee2736", "answers": [{"text": "unavailability of certain crucial data", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2011 report?", "id": "56de43294396321400ee2738", "answers": [{"text": "North Korea", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "unavailability of certain crucial data", "answer_start": 65}], "question": "What is not the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2011 report?", "id": "5ad0cfc9645df0001a2d0482", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "unavailability of certain crucial data", "answer_start": 65}], "question": "What is not the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2012 report?", "id": "5ad0cfc9645df0001a2d0483", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "North Korea", "answer_start": 186}], "question": " Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2012 report?", "id": "5ad0cfc9645df0001a2d0484", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu."}], ["Indeks baru dikeluarkan pada 18 Disember 2008. Ini yang disebut \"pembaharuan statistik\" meliputi tempoh sehingga tahun 2006 dan diterbitkan tanpa Laporan Pembangunan Manusia yang disertakan. Kemas kini ini adalah relevan kerana anggaran baru paritas kuasa beli (PPP) yang baru dikeluarkan, menyiratkan pelarasan besar bagi banyak negara, mengakibatkan perubahan dalam nilai HDI dan, dalam banyak kes, pangkat HDI. <> Jenis jenis kemas kini yang dikeluarkan pada 18 Disember 2008? || kemas kini statistik <> Apakah indeks yang diterbitkan pada 18 Disember 2008 kurang? || Laporan Kemajuan Manusia yang disertakan <> Tempoh apa yang diliputi oleh indeks kemas kini statistik yang dikeluarkan pada bulan Disember 2008? || sehingga tahun 2006 <> Jenis pembaharuan yang dikeluarkan pada 18 Disember 2004? || <> Apakah indeks yang diterbitkan pada 18 Disember 2008 selesai? || <> Tempoh apa yang diliputi oleh indeks kemas kini statistik yang dikeluarkan pada bulan Disember 2002? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of update was released on December 18, 2008?", "id": "56de46cb4396321400ee275e", "answers": [{"text": "statistical update", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the index published on December 18, 2008 lacking?", "id": "56de46cb4396321400ee275f", "answers": [{"text": "an accompanying Human Development Report", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What period was covered by the statistical update index released in December of 2008?", "id": "56de46cb4396321400ee2760", "answers": [{"text": "up to 2006", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "statistical update", "answer_start": 63}], "question": " What type of update was released on December 18, 2004?", "id": "5ad0d2a2645df0001a2d054e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "substantial adjustments", "answer_start": 281}], "question": " What was the index published on December 18, 2008 complete?", "id": "5ad0d2a2645df0001a2d054f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "up to 2006", "answer_start": 102}], "question": "What period was covered by the statistical update index released in December of 2002?", "id": "5ad0d2a2645df0001a2d0550", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called \"statistical update\" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countries, resulting in changes in HDI values and, in many cases, HDI ranks."}], ["Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2010 oleh Program Pembangunan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu telah dibebaskan pada 4 November 2010, dan menghitung nilai HDI berdasarkan perkiraan untuk tahun 2010. Berikut adalah senarai \"pembangunan manusia yang sangat tinggi\" negara: <> Pada tarikh apakah Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2010 dikeluarkan? || 4 November 2010 <> Tahun manakah yang digunakan untuk anggaran dalam laporan 2010? || 2010 <> Pada tarikh apakah Laporan Kemajuan Manusia 2012 dikeluarkan? || <> Apa yang telah dikeluarkan pada 5 November 2010? || <> Tahun manakah yang digunakan untuk anggaran dalam laporan 2011? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the 2010 Human Development Report released?", "id": "56de4347cffd8e1900b4b741", "answers": [{"text": "November 4, 2010", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which year was used for estimates in the 2010 report?", "id": "56de4347cffd8e1900b4b742", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "November 4, 2010", "answer_start": 92}], "question": " On what date was the 2012 Human Development Report released?", "id": "5ad0cfe5645df0001a2d0488", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United Nations Development Program", "answer_start": 41}], "question": "What was released on November 5, 2010?", "id": "5ad0cfe5645df0001a2d0489", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 159}], "question": " Which year was used for estimates in the 2011 report?", "id": "5ad0cfe5645df0001a2d048a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on November 4, 2010, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. Below is the list of the \"very high human development\" countries:"}], ["Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2009 oleh UNDP dikeluarkan pada 5 Oktober 2009, dan meliputi tempoh hingga tahun 2007. Ia bertajuk \"Mengatasi halangan: Mobiliti dan pembangunan manusia\". Negara-negara teratas oleh HDI dikelompokkan dalam kategori baru yang disebut \"pembangunan manusia yang sangat tinggi\". Laporan ini merujuk kepada negara-negara ini sebagai negara maju. Mereka adalah: <> Pada tarikh apakah Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2009 dikeluarkan? || 5 Oktober 2009 <> Tempoh apa yang diliputi oleh Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2009? || tempoh sehingga tahun 2007 <> Apakah tajuk lain untuk Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2009? || Mengatasi halangan: Mobiliti dan pembangunan manusia <> Kategori baru apa yang ditambah dalam Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2009? || perkembangan manusia yang sangat tinggi <> Bagaimana Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2009 merujuk kepada negara-negara yang berpangkat \"sangat tinggi\"? || negara maju <> Pada tarikh apakah Laporan Kemajuan Manusia 2008 dikeluarkan? || <> Tempoh apa yang diliputi oleh Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2008? || <> Apakah tajuk lain untuk Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2008? || <> Kategori baru apa yang ditambah dalam Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2008? || <> Bagaimanakah Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2008 merujuk kepada negara-negara yang berpangkat \"sangat tinggi\"? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the 2009 Human Development Report released?", "id": "56de45944396321400ee274a", "answers": [{"text": "October 5, 2009", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What period is covered by the 2009 Human Development Report?", "id": "56de45944396321400ee274b", "answers": [{"text": "period up to 2007", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was another title for the 2009 Human Development Report?", "id": "56de45944396321400ee274c", "answers": [{"text": "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What new category was added in the 2009 Human Development Report?", "id": "56de45944396321400ee274d", "answers": [{"text": "very high human development", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does the 2009 Human Development Report refer to countries that rank \"very high\"?", "id": "56de45944396321400ee274e", "answers": [{"text": "developed countries", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "October 5, 2009", "answer_start": 58}], "question": " On what date was the 2008 Human Development Report released?", "id": "5ad0d264645df0001a2d0542", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "period up to 2007", "answer_start": 90}], "question": "What period is covered by the 2008 Human Development Report?", "id": "5ad0d264645df0001a2d0543", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development", "answer_start": 124}], "question": " What was another title for the 2008 Human Development Report?", "id": "5ad0d264645df0001a2d0544", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "very high human development", "answer_start": 242}], "question": "What new category was added in the 2008 Human Development Report?", "id": "5ad0d264645df0001a2d0545", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "developed countries", "answer_start": 312}], "question": "How does the 2008 Human Development Report refer to countries that rank \"very high\"?", "id": "5ad0d264645df0001a2d0546", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled \"Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development\". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called \"very high human development\". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are:"}], ["Sesetengah negara tidak dimasukkan untuk pelbagai sebab, terutamanya ketidaksediaan data penting tertentu. Negara Ahli Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu berikut tidak termasuk dalam laporan 2010. Cuba membuat bantahan rasmi kerana kekurangan kemasukannya. UNDP menjelaskan bahawa Cuba telah dikecualikan kerana kekurangan \"angka yang dilaporkan secara antarabangsa untuk Pendapatan Negara Kasar Cuba diselaraskan untuk Paritas Kuasa Pembelian\". Semua penunjuk lain untuk Cuba boleh didapati, dan dilaporkan oleh UNDP, tetapi kekurangan satu penunjuk bermakna tiada ranking boleh dikaitkan dengan negara. Keadaan ini telah ditangani dan, pada tahun-tahun kemudian, Cuba telah disenaraikan sebagai negara Pembangunan Manusia Tinggi. <> Apakah sebab utama negara-negara dikeluarkan daripada laporan 2010? || ketiadaan data penting tertentu <> Negara Caribbean mana yang membantah pengecualiannya daripada laporan 2010? || Cuba <> Kedudukan apa yang telah diberikan Cuba sejak keadaan dengan data yang hilang ditangani? || Negara Pembangunan Manusia Tinggi <> Apakah sebab utama negara-negara dikeluarkan dari laporan 2012? || <> Negara Caribbean mana yang sependapat dengan pengecualiannya daripada laporan 2010? || <> Kedudukan apa yang telah diberikan Cuba sejak keadaan dengan data lengkap ditangani? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2010 report?", "id": "56de44f14396321400ee2742", "answers": [{"text": "unavailability of certain crucial data", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Caribbean nation protested its exclusion from the 2010 report?", "id": "56de44f14396321400ee2743", "answers": [{"text": "Cuba", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ranking has Cuba been given since the situation with the missing data was addressed?", "id": "56de44f14396321400ee2745", "answers": [{"text": "High Human Development country", "answer_start": 650}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "unavailability of certain crucial data", "answer_start": 65}], "question": "What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2012 report?", "id": "5ad0d219645df0001a2d0514", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cuba", "answer_start": 440}], "question": "Which Caribbean nation agreed with its exclusion from the 2010 report?", "id": "5ad0d219645df0001a2d0515", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "High Human Development country", "answer_start": 650}], "question": "What ranking has Cuba been given since the situation with the complete data was addressed?", "id": "5ad0d219645df0001a2d0516", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an \"internationally reported figure for Cuba\u2019s Gross National Income adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity\". All other indicators for Cuba were available, and reported by the UNDP, but the lack of one indicator meant that no ranking could be attributed to the country. The situation has been addressed and, in later years, Cuba has ranked as a High Human Development country."}], ["Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2007/2008 dilancarkan di Bras\u00edlia, Brazil, pada 27 November 2007. Tumpuannya adalah \"Memperbaiki perubahan iklim: perpaduan manusia di dunia yang terbelah.\" Kebanyakan data yang digunakan untuk laporan ini diperolehi sebahagian besarnya dari tahun 2005 atau lebih awal, dengan itu menunjukkan HDI untuk tahun 2005. Tidak semua negara anggota PBB memilih atau mampu menyediakan statistik yang diperlukan. <> Pada tarikh apakah Laporan Kemajuan Manusia 2007/2008 dikeluarkan? || 27 November 2007 <> Apakah tumpuan Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2007/2008? || Pertempuran perubahan iklim: Solidariti manusia di dunia yang terbahagi <> Apa tahun terakhir yang dimasukkan dalam Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2007/2008? || 2005 <> HDI dalam Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2007/2008 untuk tahun apakah? || 2005 <> Dimana Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2007/2008 dilancarkan? || Bras\u00edlia, Brazil <> Pada tarikh apakah Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2008/2009 dikeluarkan? || <> Apa yang keluar pada 26 November 2007? || <> Apakah tumpuan Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2005/2009? || <> Apakah tahun terkini yang dimasukkan dalam Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2008/2009? || <> Dimana Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2008/2009 dilancarkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the 2007/2008 Human Development Report released?", "id": "56de47f7cffd8e1900b4b77d", "answers": [{"text": "November 27, 2007", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the focus of the 2007/2008 Human Development Report?", "id": "56de47f7cffd8e1900b4b77e", "answers": [{"text": "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the most recent year that was included in the 2007/2008 Human Development Report?", "id": "56de47f7cffd8e1900b4b77f", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The HDI in the 2007/2008 Human Development Report is for what year?", "id": "56de47f7cffd8e1900b4b780", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the 2007/2008 Human Development Report launched?", "id": "56de47f7cffd8e1900b4b781", "answers": [{"text": "Bras\u00edlia, Brazil", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "November 27, 2007", "answer_start": 80}], "question": "On what date was the 2008/2009 Human Development Report released?", "id": "5ad0d2f5645df0001a2d0560", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Human Development Report for 2007/2008", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What came out on November 26, 2007?", "id": "5ad0d2f5645df0001a2d0561", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world", "answer_start": 117}], "question": "What was the focus of the 2005/2009 Human Development Report?", "id": "5ad0d2f5645df0001a2d0562", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 286}], "question": "What is the most recent year that was included in the 2008/2009 Human Development Report?", "id": "5ad0d2f5645df0001a2d0563", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bras\u00edlia, Brazil", "answer_start": 59}], "question": " Where was the 2008/2009 Human Development Report launched?", "id": "5ad0d2f5645df0001a2d0564", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Bras\u00edlia, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on \"Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world.\" Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics."}], ["Nota: Anak panah hijau (), anak panah merah (), dan garis biru () menandakan perubahan pangkat apabila dibandingkan dengan HDI data 2012 yang baru pada tahun 2011 - yang diterbitkan dalam laporan 2012. <> Apa goncang tidak mewakili perubahan pangkat? || <> Apa yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2001? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "blue dashes", "answer_start": 46}], "question": "What dashes do not represent changes in rank? ", "id": "5ad0ce1d645df0001a2d041b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the 2012 report", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "What was published in 2001?", "id": "5ad0ce1d645df0001a2d041c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the new 2012 data HDI for 2011 \u2013 published in the 2012 report."}], ["Nota: Anak panah hijau (), anak panah merah (), dan tanda biru () mewakili perubahan pangkat. Perubahan pangkat tidak berkaitan dengan senarai HDI di atas, tetapi menurut sumber (halaman 168) dikira dengan pengecualian negara-negara yang kehilangan data IHDI. <> Apa yang mewakili tidak mengubah pangkat? || <> Apa yang berkaitan dengan senarai HDI? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes ()", "answer_start": 6}], "question": "What represents not changing rank?", "id": "5ad0cd27645df0001a2d03c0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The changes in rank", "answer_start": 88}], "question": "What is relative to the HDI list?", "id": "5ad0cd27645df0001a2d03c1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank. The changes in rank are not relative to the HDI list above, but are according to the source (p. 168) calculated with the exclusion of countries which are missing IHDI data."}], ["HDI telah memperluaskan liputan geografinya: David Hastings, Suruhanjaya Ekonomi dan Sosial Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu untuk Asia dan Pasifik, menerbitkan laporan secara geografi memperluaskan HDI kepada 230+ ekonomi, sedangkan UNDP HDI untuk 2009 mencatatkan 182 ekonomi dan perlindungan untuk HDI 2010 menurun kepada 169 negara. <> Berapa banyak negara telah dimasukkan ke dalam HDI 2009? || 182 <> Berapa banyak negara telah dimasukkan ke dalam HDI 2010? || 169 <> Berapa banyak negara telah dimasukkan ke dalam HDI 2008? || <> Berapa banyak negara telah dimasukkan ke dalam HDI 2011? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many countries were included in the 2009 HDI?", "id": "56de4ea54396321400ee27ce", "answers": [{"text": "182", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many countries were included in the 2010 HDI?", "id": "56de4ea54396321400ee27cf", "answers": [{"text": "169", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "182", "answer_start": 255}], "question": "How many countries were included in the 2008 HDI?", "id": "5ad0d4f6645df0001a2d062c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "169", "answer_start": 310}], "question": " How many countries were included in the 2011 HDI?", "id": "5ad0d4f6645df0001a2d062d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The HDI has extended its geographical coverage: David Hastings, of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, published a report geographically extending the HDI to 230+ economies, whereas the UNDP HDI for 2009 enumerates 182 economies and coverage for the 2010 HDI dropped to 169 countries."}], ["Laporan ini menunjukkan peningkatan kecil dalam HDI dunia berbanding dengan laporan tahun lepas. Peningkatan ini didorong oleh peningkatan umum di negara membangun, terutamanya kumpulan negara kurang maju. Peningkatan ini di bahagian bawah telah diimbangi dengan pengurangan HDI negara berpendapatan tinggi. <> Negara mana yang mengalami penurunan HDI? || negara berpendapatan tinggi <> Negara mana yang mengalami peningkatan HDI? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which countries experienced a decrease in HDI?", "id": "56de48cc4396321400ee276d", "answers": [{"text": "high income countries", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "high income countries", "answer_start": 284}], "question": " Which countries experienced an increase in HDI?", "id": "5ad0d308645df0001a2d0574", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The report showed a small increase in world HDI in comparison with last year's report. This rise was fueled by a general improvement in the developing world, especially of the least developed countries group. This marked improvement at the bottom was offset with a decrease in HDI of high income countries."}], ["Senarai di bawah ini memaparkan negara terunggul dari setiap tahun Indeks Pembangunan Manusia. Norway menduduki ranking tertinggi dua belas kali, Kanada lapan kali, diikuti oleh Jepun yang menduduki ranking tertinggi tiga kali. Iceland telah menduduki ranking tertinggi dua kali. <> Negara manakah yang telah mendapat ranking paling banyak kali? || Norway <> Negara mana yang pernah menerima pangkat tertinggi dua kali? || Islandia <> Negara manakah yang pernah menduduki terendah paling banyak? || <> Negara manakah yang menerima pangkat bawah dua kali? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which country has been ranked highest the most number of times?", "id": "56de4b6dcffd8e1900b4b7c5", "answers": [{"text": "Norway", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which country has received the top rank twice?", "id": "56de4b6dcffd8e1900b4b7c9", "answers": [{"text": "Iceland", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Norway", "answer_start": 94}], "question": "Which country has been ranked lowest the most number of times?", "id": "5ad0d3fd645df0001a2d05c6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Iceland", "answer_start": 224}], "question": " Which country has received the bottom rank twice?", "id": "5ad0d3fd645df0001a2d05c7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice."}], ["Pada jadual berikut, anak panah hijau () mewakili kenaikan kedudukan dalam kajian sebelumnya, manakala anak panah merah () mewakili penurunan ranking. Mereka diikuti dengan bilangan ruang yang dipindahkan. Garis biru () mewakili negara yang tidak bergerak dalam ranking sejak kajian sebelumnya. <> Jika terdapat penurunan peringkat negara, apakah penunjuk yang akan hadir? || panah merah <> Jika terdapat kenaikan kedudukan negara, apakah penunjuk yang akan hadir? || panah hijau <> Jika kedudukan negara tidak berubah, penunjuk mana yang akan hadir? || Blue dash <> Jika terdapat kenaikan dalam kedudukan negara, apakah penunjuk itu tidak hadir? || <> Jika terdapat kenaikan kedudukan negara, apakah penunjuk itu tidak akan hadir? || <> Jika kedudukan negara berubah, apakah petunjuk yang akan hadir? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "If there is a decrease in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present?", "id": "56de4adf4396321400ee278c", "answers": [{"text": "red arrows", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present?", "id": "56de4adf4396321400ee278d", "answers": [{"text": "green arrows", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If a country's ranking does not change, which indicator will be present?", "id": "56de4adf4396321400ee278e", "answers": [{"text": "Blue dash", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "red arrows", "answer_start": 104}], "question": "If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be not present?", "id": "5ad0d3eb645df0001a2d05b6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "green", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will not be present?", "id": "5ad0d3eb645df0001a2d05b7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Blue", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "If a country's ranking does change, which indicator will be present?", "id": "5ad0d3eb645df0001a2d05b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study."}], ["HDI 0.8 atau lebih dianggap sebagai \"pembangunan yang tinggi\". Ini termasuk semua negara maju, seperti di Amerika Utara, Eropah Barat, Oceania, dan Asia Timur, serta beberapa negara membangun di Eropah Timur, Amerika Tengah dan Selatan, Asia Tenggara, Caribbean, dan Semenanjung Arab yang kaya dengan minyak . Tujuh negara telah dinaikkan pangkat ke kategori ini tahun ini, meninggalkan kumpulan \"pembangunan sederhana\": Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Rusia dan Arab Saudi. <> Nombor apa yang menunjukkan skor minimum untuk negara dianggap sebagai negara \"pembangunan tinggi\"? || 0.8 <> Negara Amerika Selatan mana yang termasuk dalam tujuh negara yang dipromosikan? || Brazil <> Apa negara terbesar yang termasuk dalam tujuh negara yang digalakkan? || Rusia <> Berapakah nombor menunjukkan skor minimum untuk negara dianggap sebagai negara \"rendah pembangunan\"? || <> Negara Amerika Utara mana yang termasuk dalam tujuh negara yang dipromosikan? || <> Apakah negara terkecil yang termasuk dalam tujuh negara yang digalakkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a \"high development\" country?", "id": "56de4a81cffd8e1900b4b7b5", "answers": [{"text": "0.8", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which South American country was included among the seven promoted countries?", "id": "56de4a81cffd8e1900b4b7b7", "answers": [{"text": "Brazil", "answer_start": 448}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the largest country that was included among the seven promoted countries?", "id": "56de4a81cffd8e1900b4b7b8", "answers": [{"text": "Russia", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "0.8", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a \"low development\" country?", "id": "5ad0d3a5645df0001a2d05b0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Brazil", "answer_start": 448}], "question": "Which North American country was included among the seven promoted countries?", "id": "5ad0d3a5645df0001a2d05b1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russia", "answer_start": 474}], "question": "What is the smallest country that was included among the seven promoted countries?", "id": "5ad0d3a5645df0001a2d05b2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent \"high development\". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the \"medium development\" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia."}], ["HDI di bawah 0.5 dianggap mewakili \"pembangunan yang rendah\". Semua 22 negara dalam kategori itu terletak di Afrika. Negara-negara Sub-Sahara, Gabon dan Afrika Selatan, masing-masing menduduki tempat ke-119 dan ke-121. Sembilan negara berlepas dari kategori ini tahun ini dan menyertai kumpulan \"pembangunan sederhana\". <> Di bawah apa jumlah negara perlu jatuh untuk dianggap negara \"rendah pembangunan\"? || 0.5 <> Di mana benua semuanya 22 negara-negara pembangunan rendah terletak? || Afrika <> Apakah kedudukan Gabon? || 119th <> Apakah kedudukan Afrika Selatan? || 121 <Apakah dua negara Sub-Sahara peringkat tertinggi? || Gabon dan Afrika Selatan <> Di bawah apa jumlah negara perlu jatuh untuk dianggap sebagai negara \"pembangunan tinggi\"? || <> Di mana benua itu semua 23 negara-negara pembangunan rendah yang terletak? || <> Apakah kedudukan Pabon? || <> Apakah kedudukan Afrika Utara? || <> Apakah dua negara Sub-Sahara peringkat terendah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a \"low development\" country?", "id": "56de494dcffd8e1900b4b795", "answers": [{"text": "0.5", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On which continent are all 22 of the low development countries located?", "id": "56de494dcffd8e1900b4b796", "answers": [{"text": "Africa", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Gabon's ranking?", "id": "56de494dcffd8e1900b4b797", "answers": [{"text": "119th", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is South Africa's ranking?", "id": "56de494dcffd8e1900b4b798", "answers": [{"text": "121st", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the two highest ranking Sub-Saharan countries?", "id": "56de494dcffd8e1900b4b799", "answers": [{"text": "Gabon and South Africa", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "0.5", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "Under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a \"high development\" country?", "id": "5ad0d375645df0001a2d0592", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Africa", "answer_start": 111}], "question": "On which continent are all 23 of the low development countries located?", "id": "5ad0d375645df0001a2d0593", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "119th", "answer_start": 197}], "question": " What is Pabon's ranking?", "id": "5ad0d375645df0001a2d0594", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "121st", "answer_start": 207}], "question": " What is North Africa's ranking?", "id": "5ad0d375645df0001a2d0595", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Gabon and South Africa", "answer_start": 162}], "question": " What are the two lowest ranking Sub-Saharan countries?", "id": "5ad0d375645df0001a2d0596", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent \"low development\". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the \"medium development\" group."}], ["Indeks Pembangunan Manusia telah dikritik berdasarkan beberapa alasan termasuk dugaan ideologi ke arah egalitarianisme dan apa yang dipanggil \"Model pembangunan Barat\", kegagalan untuk memasukkan sebarang pertimbangan ekologi, kekurangan pertimbangan pembangunan teknologi atau sumbangan kepada tamadun manusia, memfokuskan secara eksklusif pada prestasi dan kedudukan negara, kekurangan perhatian terhadap pembangunan dari perspektif global, kesalahan pengukuran statistik mendasar, dan perubahan UNDP dalam formula yang dapat mengakibatkan salah klasifikasi yang teruk dalam kategori 'rendah', 'sederhana', ' tinggi 'atau' tinggi 'negara-negara pembangunan manusia. <> HDI telah dikritik kerana memfokuskan secara eksklusif pada apa? || prestasi negara dan kedudukan <> Adakah HDI dikritik kerana menjadi berat sebelah terhadap model pembangunan Barat atau ke arah Timur? || Barat <> HDI telah dikritik kerana kurang perspektif mengenai pembangunan? || global <> Pengkritik HDI memfokuskan fokusnya: egalitarianisme atau autoritarianisme? || egalitarianisme <> HIDI telah dikritik kerana memfokuskan secara eksklusif pada apa? || <> Adakah HDI telah dikritik kerana menjadi berat sebelah ke arah pembangunan Utara atau ke arah pembangunan Selatan? || <> HDI telah dikritik kerana kurang perspektif apa yang dilihat pada pembangunan tidak? || <> Pengkritik HIDI memfokuskan fokusnya: egalitarianisme atau autoritarianisme? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The HDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what?", "id": "56de4c68cffd8e1900b4b7d5", "answers": [{"text": "national performance and ranking", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Western or towards Eastern models of development?", "id": "56de4c68cffd8e1900b4b7d6", "answers": [{"text": "Western", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on development?", "id": "56de4c68cffd8e1900b4b7d7", "answers": [{"text": "global", "answer_start": 421}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Critics of the HDI cite its focus on which: egalitarianism or authoritarianism?", "id": "56de4c68cffd8e1900b4b7d9", "answers": [{"text": "egalitarianism", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "national performance and ranking", "answer_start": 347}], "question": "The HIDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what?", "id": "5ad0d4a5645df0001a2d0604", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Western", "answer_start": 146}], "question": "Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Northern or towards Southern models of development?", "id": "5ad0d4a5645df0001a2d0605", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "global", "answer_start": 421}], "question": "The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on nondevelopment?", "id": "5ad0d4a5645df0001a2d0606", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "egalitarianism", "answer_start": 116}], "question": " Critics of the HIDI cite its focus on which: egalitarianism or authoritarianism?", "id": "5ad0d4a5645df0001a2d0607", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called \"Western models of development\", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries."}], ["Ahli ekonomi Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong dan Maximilian Auffhammer membincangkan HDI dari perspektif kesilapan data dalam statistik asas kesihatan, pendidikan dan pendapatan yang digunakan untuk membina HDI. Mereka mengenal pasti tiga sumber ralat data yang disebabkan oleh (i) pengemaskinian data, (ii) semakan formula dan (iii) ambang untuk mengklasifikasikan status pembangunan negara dan menyimpulkan bahawa 11%, 21% dan 34% dari semua negara boleh ditafsirkan seperti yang kini salah diklasifikasikan dalam tong pembangunan disebabkan oleh tiga sumber ralat data, masing-masing. Penulis mencadangkan agar Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (PBB) harus menghentikan amalan mengklasifikasikan negara ke dalam tong-tong pembangunan kerana mereka mendakwa bahawa nilai-nilai potongan kelihatan sewenang-wenang, boleh memberi insentif untuk tingkah laku strategik dalam melaporkan statistik rasmi, dan berpotensi untuk mengelirukan ahli politik, , penderma amal dan orang ramai yang menggunakan HDI secara besar-besaran. [rujukan?] Pada tahun 2010, UNDP bertindak balas terhadap kritikan dan mengemas kini ambang untuk mengklasifikasikan negara sebagai negara pembangunan manusia yang rendah, sederhana dan tinggi. Dalam ulasan kepada The Economist pada awal Januari 2011, Pejabat Laporan Pembangunan Manusia memberi respons kepada artikel 6 Januari 2011 dalam majalah yang membincangkan Wolff et al. kertas. Pejabat Laporan Pembangunan Manusia menyatakan bahawa mereka melakukan semakan sistematik terhadap kaedah yang digunakan untuk pengiraan HDI dan metodologi baru secara langsung menangani kritik oleh Wolff et al. kerana ia menjana sistem untuk mengemas kini kategori pembangunan manusia secara berterusan setiap kali penggubalan formula atau data berlaku. <> Berapa banyak ahli ekonomi yang dinamakan sebagai menunjukkan kesilapan data dalam HDI? || tiga <> Dalam tahun apakah PBB bertindak balas terhadap kritikan terhadap laporannya? || 2010 <> Penerbitan majalah mana yang membawa kenyataan dari Pejabat Laporan Pembangunan Manusia pada Januari 2011? || The Economist <> Berapa banyak ahli ekonomi yang dinamakan sebagai menunjukkan kesilapan data dalam HIDI? || <> Dalam tahun berapakah ULNDP bertindak balas terhadap kritikan terhadap laporannya? || <> Penerbitan majalah mana yang membawa kenyataan dari Pejabat Laporan Pembangunan Manusia pada Januari 2012? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many economists were cited as pointing out data errors in the HDI?", "id": "56de4ded4396321400ee27c3", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the UNDP respond to the criticism of its report?", "id": "56de4ded4396321400ee27c5", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 940}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which magazine publication carried a statement from the Human Development Report Office in January, 2011?", "id": "56de4ded4396321400ee27c6", "answers": [{"text": "The Economist", "answer_start": 1096}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 217}], "question": "How many economists were cited as pointing out data errors in the HIDI?", "id": "5ad0d4d2645df0001a2d060c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 940}], "question": " In what year did the ULNDP respond to the criticism of its report?", "id": "5ad0d4d2645df0001a2d060d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Economist", "answer_start": 1096}], "question": "Which magazine publication carried a statement from the Human Development Report Office in January, 2012?", "id": "5ad0d4d2645df0001a2d060e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Economists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and Maximilian Auffhammer discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI. They identified three sources of data error which are due to (i) data updating, (ii) formula revisions and (iii) thresholds to classify a country\u2019s development status and conclude that 11%, 21% and 34% of all countries can be interpreted as currently misclassified in the development bins due to the three sources of data error, respectively. The authors suggest that the United Nations should discontinue the practice of classifying countries into development bins because - they claim - the cut-off values seem arbitrary, can provide incentives for strategic behavior in reporting official statistics, and have the potential to misguide politicians, investors, charity donors and the public who use the HDI at large.[citation needed] In 2010 the UNDP reacted to the criticism and updated the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries. In a comment to The Economist in early January 2011, the Human Development Report Office responded to a January 6, 2011 article in the magazine which discusses the Wolff et al. paper. The Human Development Report Office states that they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI and that the new methodology directly addresses the critique by Wolff et al. in that it generates a system for continuous updating of the human development categories whenever formula or data revisions take place."}], ["Nota: Anak panah hijau (), anak panah merah (), dan sumbu biru () mewakili perubahan pangkat apabila dibandingkan dengan senarai HDI 2010, untuk negara yang disenaraikan dalam kedua-dua kedudukan. <> Anak panah apa yang tidak mewakili perubahan pangkat? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "green arrows (), red arrows", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "What arrows do not represent changes in rank?", "id": "5ad0d0dc645df0001a2d04c1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the 2010 HDI list, for countries listed in both rankings."}], ["Nota: Anak panah hijau (), anak panah merah (), dan garis biru () menandakan perubahan pangkat apabila dibandingkan dengan data HDI 2011 untuk tahun 2010 - yang diterbitkan dalam laporan 2011 (ms 131). <> Apa panah tidak mewakili perubahan pangkat ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "green arrows (), red arrows", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "What arrows do not represent changes in rank", "id": "5ad0cee3645df0001a2d0456", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the 2011 HDI data for 2010 \u2013 published in the 2011 report (p. 131)."}], ["Sesetengah negara tidak dimasukkan untuk pelbagai sebab, seperti menjadi ahli bukan PBB, tidak dapat, atau tidak bersedia untuk menyediakan data yang diperlukan pada masa penerbitan. Selain negeri-negeri dengan pengiktirafan yang terhad, negeri-negeri berikut juga tidak termasuk. <> Mengapa semua negara termasuk? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "being a non-UN member", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "Why were all countries included?", "id": "5ad0d2bc645df0001a2d055e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some countries were not included for various reasons, such as being a non-UN member, unable, or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication. Besides the states with limited recognition, the following states were also not included."}], ["Nota: Anak panah hijau (), anak panah merah (), dan garis biru () menandakan perubahan pangkat apabila dibandingkan dengan senarai HDI 2011, untuk negara yang disenaraikan dalam kedua-dua kedudukan. <> Apa goncang tidak mewakili perubahan pangkat? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "blue dashes", "answer_start": 46}], "question": "What dashes do not represent changes in rank?", "id": "5ad0cf89645df0001a2d0473", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the 2011 HDI list, for countries listed in both rankings."}], ["Laporan Pembangunan Manusia 2011 dikeluarkan pada 2 November 2011, dan menghitung nilai-nilai HDI berdasarkan anggaran untuk tahun 2011. Berikut adalah senarai \"pembangunan manusia yang sangat tinggi\" negara (bersamaan dengan kuartil teratas): <> Tahun mana yang digunakan untuk anggaran dalam laporan 2012? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Which year was used for estimates in the 2012 report?", "id": "5ad0cec7645df0001a2d044a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The 2011 Human Development Report was released on 2 November 2011, and calculated HDI values based on estimates for 2011. Below is the list of the \"very high human development\" countries (equal to the top quartile):"}], ["Di bawah ini adalah senarai negara-negara dalam kuartil teratas oleh Index Pembangunan Manusia yang diselaraskan ketidaksamaan (IHDI). Menurut laporan itu, IHDI adalah \"ukuran tahap rata-rata pembangunan manusia manusia dalam masyarakat apabila ketidaksamaan diambil kira.\" <> Apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh HIMI? || <> Apakah singkatan untuk indeks pembangunan bukan manusia? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Human Development Index", "answer_start": 72}], "question": "What does HIMI stand for? ", "id": "5ad0cf7a645df0001a2d046e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "IHDI", "answer_start": 97}], "question": "What's the abbreviation for Human non development index?", "id": "5ad0cf7a645df0001a2d046f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Below is a list of countries in the top quartile by Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). According to the report, the IHDI is a \"measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account.\""}], ["Negara-negara dalam kuartil tertinggi HDI (kumpulan pembangunan manusia yang sangat tinggi) dengan kehilangan IHDI: New Zealand, Chile, Jepun, Hong Kong, Singapura, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Andorra, Qatar, Barbados, Uni Emirat Arab, dan Seychelles. <> Apakah singkatan untuk \"pembangunan manusia yang sangat rendah\" || <> Apa maksud HDMI? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "HDI", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "What is the abbreviation for \"very low human development\" ", "id": "5ad0ceb8645df0001a2d0445", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"very high human development\"", "answer_start": 38}], "question": "What does HDMI mean? ", "id": "5ad0ceb8645df0001a2d0446", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Countries in the top quartile of HDI (\"very high human development\" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Andorra, Qatar, Barbados, United Arab Emirates, and Seychelles."}], ["Negara-negara dalam kuartil tertinggi HDI (kumpulan pembangunan manusia yang sangat tinggi) dengan IHDI yang hilang termasuk: New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Jepun, Hong Kong, Singapura, Taiwan, Emiriah Arab Bersatu, Andorra, Brunei, Malta, Qatar, Bahrain, Chile, Argentina dan Barbados. <> Negara Caribbean mana yang berada di bahagian bawah HDI (tetapi hilang IHDI)? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Barbados", "answer_start": 252}], "question": "Which Caribbean nation is in the bottom quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?", "id": "5ad0cf93645df0001a2d0480", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Countries in the top quartile of HDI (\"very high human development\" group) with a missing IHDI include: New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, Andorra, Brunei, Malta, Qatar, Bahrain, Chile, Argentina and Barbados."}]], [["Tempoh yang dikenali sebagai zaman klasik bermula dengan kebangkitan negara-negara kota Yunani purba. Pengaruh Yunani mencapai kemuncaknya di bawah kerajaan besar Alexander the Great, yang tersebar di seluruh Asia. <> Era apa yang bermula apabila bandar-bandar Yunani Kuno menjadi entiti mandiri? || klasik klasik <> Apa nama kerajaan yang berbeza yang membentuk di Yunani Purba? || bandar-negeri <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab untuk membawa budaya Yunani sejauh Asia? || Alexander the Great <> Era apa yang bermula ketika Alexander the Great menjadi entitas yang mengatur sendiri? || <> Apa nama kerajaan yang berbeza yang membentuk di Asia Kuno? || <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab membawa budaya Asia ke bahasa Yunani? || <> Di manakah Alexander pergi menyebarkan kota-kota? || <> Apa tempoh bermula dengan Alexander the Great? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What era started when Ancient Greek cities became self-governing entities?", "id": "56de3741cffd8e1900b4b67e", "answers": [{"text": "classical antiquity", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the different governments forming in Ancient Greece?", "id": "56de3741cffd8e1900b4b67f", "answers": [{"text": "city-states", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was responsible for the bringing Greek culture as far as Asia?", "id": "56de3741cffd8e1900b4b680", "answers": [{"text": "Alexander the Great", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "classical antiquity", "answer_start": 20}], "question": "What era started when Alexander the Great became a self governing entity?", "id": "5a631e5568151a001a9221f6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "city-states", "answer_start": 67}], "question": "What was the name of the different governments forming in Ancient Asia?", "id": "5a631e5568151a001a9221f7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Alexander the Great", "answer_start": 163}], "question": "Who was responsible for bringing Asian culture to the Greek?", "id": "5a631e5568151a001a9221f8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "throughout Asia", "answer_start": 194}], "question": "Where did Alexander go to spread city-states?", "id": "5a631e5568151a001a9221f9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "classical antiquity", "answer_start": 20}], "question": "What period began with Alexander the Great?", "id": "5a631e5568151a001a9221fa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia."}], ["Kelembapan sejuk boleh didapati di bahagian tertentu di negara-negara Eropah Selatan, contohnya di rantau gunung Sepanyol dan Itali. Di samping itu, pantai utara Sepanyol mengalami iklim Atlantik yang lembab. <> Di mana kawasan sejuk berlaku di selatan Eropah? || rentang gunung Sepanyol dan Itali <> Di mana lebih banyak kawasan lembap dijumpai di selatan Eropah? || pantai utara Sepanyol <> Istilah apa yang boleh digunakan untuk menggambarkan kawasan utara Sepanyol Utara? || Iklim Atlantik <> Di mana kawasan sejuk berlaku di Eropah Utara? || <> Di mana terdapat kawasan kering di selatan Eropah? || <> Istilah apa yang boleh digunakan untuk menggambarkan kawasan basah Eropah Utara? || <> Pantai timur Sepanyol mengalami apa jenis iklim? || <> Di mana cuaca sejuk baru-baru ini mula panas? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where do colder areas occur within southern Europe?", "id": "56de35834396321400ee26a2", "answers": [{"text": "mountain ranges of Spain and Italy", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are more moist areas found in southern Europe?", "id": "56de35834396321400ee26a3", "answers": [{"text": "north coast of Spain", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term can be used to describe the wet area of North Spain?", "id": "56de35834396321400ee26a4", "answers": [{"text": "Atlantic climate", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mountain ranges of Spain and Italy", "answer_start": 101}], "question": "Where do colder areas occur within northern Europe?", "id": "5a631bef68151a001a9221e2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "north coast of Spain", "answer_start": 155}], "question": "Where are dry areas found in southern Europe?", "id": "5a631bef68151a001a9221e3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Atlantic climate", "answer_start": 197}], "question": "What term can be used to describe the wet area of Northern Europe?", "id": "5a631bef68151a001a9221e4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "wetter", "answer_start": 190}], "question": "The east coast of Spain experiences what kind of climate?", "id": "5a631bef68151a001a9221e5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Southern European countries", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "Where have cooler climates recently began to warm up?", "id": "5a631bef68151a001a9221e6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Cooler climates can be found in certain parts of Southern European countries, for example within the mountain ranges of Spain and Italy. Additionally, the north coast of Spain experiences a wetter Atlantic climate."}], ["Flora Selatan di selatan adalah wilayah Mediterranean, salah satu phytochoria yang diiktiraf oleh Armen Takhtajan. Wilayah Mediterranean dan Submediiter di Eropah terdapat di kebanyakan Eropah Selatan, terutamanya di Selatan Portugal, kebanyakan dari Sepanyol, pantai selatan Perancis, Itali, pantai Croatia, kebanyakan Bosnia, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, Yunani, dan pulau-pulau Mediterranean. <> Apakah perkataan yang boleh digunakan untuk menggambarkan kehidupan tumbuhan di selatan Eropah? || phytochoria <> Siapa yang mencipta phytochoria istilah? || Armen Takhtajan <> Siapa yang mencipta Istilah Submeter? || <> Apakah perkataan yang boleh digunakan untuk menggambarkan kehidupan haiwan di Eropah selatan? || <> Apa yang terdapat di pantai selatan Bosnia? || <> Di kawasan apa yang terdapat di selatan pantai Eropah? || <> Di mana terdapat kawasan-kawasan iklim arktik dan subtctik di Eropah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a word that can be used to describe the plant life of southern Europe?", "id": "56de368d4396321400ee26a8", "answers": [{"text": "phytochoria", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who coined the term phytochoria?", "id": "56de368d4396321400ee26a9", "answers": [{"text": "Armen Takhtajan", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Armen Takhtajan", "answer_start": 98}], "question": "Who coined the term Submediterranean?", "id": "5a631d6668151a001a9221ec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "phytochoria", "answer_start": 72}], "question": "What is a word that can be used to describe the animal life of southern Europe?", "id": "5a631d6668151a001a9221ed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Submediterranean climate regions", "answer_start": 137}], "question": "What is found on the southern coast of Bosnia?", "id": "5a631d6668151a001a9221ee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mediterranean Region", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "In what region are southern Europe's coasts found?", "id": "5a631d6668151a001a9221ef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "much of Southern Europe", "answer_start": 193}], "question": "Where are the arctic and subarctic climate regions in Europe found?", "id": "5a631d6668151a001a9221f0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Southern Europe's flora is that of the Mediterranean Region, one of the phytochoria recognized by Armen Takhtajan. The Mediterranean and Submediterranean climate regions in Europe are found in much of Southern Europe, mainly in Southern Portugal, most of Spain, the southern coast of France, Italy, the Croatian coast, much of Bosnia, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, and the Mediterranean islands."}], ["Kaedah yang berbeza boleh digunakan untuk menentukan Selatan Eropah, termasuk sifat politik, ekonomi, dan budaya. Eropah Selatan juga boleh ditakrifkan oleh ciri semulajadinya - geografi, iklim, dan flora. <> Apakah tiga ciri yang dapat digunakan untuk mencirikan Eropah selatan? || ciri-ciri politik, ekonomi, dan budaya <> Apakah tiga aspek persekitaran di selatan Eropah yang boleh digunakan untuk membezakan rantau ini? || geografi, iklim, dan flora <> Apakah tiga ciri yang dapat digunakan untuk mencirikan sifat semula jadi? || <> Apakah tiga aspek persekitaran Asia Selatan yang boleh digunakan untuk membezakan rantau ini? || <> Apa yang boleh ditakrifkan oleh industrinya? || <> Kawasan apa yang didefinasikan olehnya silsilah? || <> Kaedah apa yang boleh digunakan untuk menentukan Mediterranean selatan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are three characteristics that can be employed to characterize southern Europe?", "id": "56de3455cffd8e1900b4b674", "answers": [{"text": "political, economic, and cultural attributes", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are three aspects of the environment of southern Europe that can be used to distinguish the region?", "id": "56de3455cffd8e1900b4b675", "answers": [{"text": "geography, climate, and flora", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "political, economic, and cultural attributes", "answer_start": 71}], "question": "What are three characteristics that can be employed to characterize natural features?", "id": "5a6318cd68151a001a9221ce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "geography, climate, and flora", "answer_start": 183}], "question": "What are three aspects of the environment of Southern Asia that can be used to distinguish the region?", "id": "5a6318cd68151a001a9221cf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Southern Europe", "answer_start": 117}], "question": "What can be defined by its industries?", "id": "5a6318cd68151a001a9221d0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "southern Europe", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "What area is defined by it's genealogy?", "id": "5a6318cd68151a001a9221d1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "political, economic, and cultural attributes", "answer_start": 71}], "question": "What methods can be used to define the southern Mediterranean?", "id": "5a6318cd68151a001a9221d2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Different methods can be used to define southern Europe, including its political, economic, and cultural attributes. Southern Europe can also be defined by its natural features \u2014 its geography, climate, and flora."}], ["Semasa Abad Pertengahan, Empayar Rom Timur terselamat, walaupun ahli sejarah moden merujuk kepada negeri ini sebagai Empayar Byzantium. Di Eropah Barat, orang-orang Jerman berpindah ke jawatan kuasa di sisa bekas Empayar Rom Barat dan membentuk kerajaan dan empayar mereka sendiri. <> Apakah Empayar Rom Timur pada Abad Pertengahan dipanggil oleh sarjana kontemporari? || Empayar Byzantium <> Yang mengambil alih sisa-sisa Kerajaan Romawi Barat? || Orang-orang Jerman <> Apa yang dibuat orang-orang Jerman di tempat Empayar Rom Barat? || kerajaan dan empayar mereka sendiri <> Apa Empayar Rom Barat di zaman Pertengahan dipanggil oleh sarjana kontemporer? || <> Siapa yang mengambil alih jenazah Empayar Rom Timur? || <> Apa yang dibuat oleh orang Rom di tempat Empayar Rom Barat? || <> Apa Empayar yang terletak di Eropah Barat? || <> Apakah empayar yang dua kali ganda saiz semasa zaman pertengahan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Eastern Roman Empire in the Middle Ages called by contemporary scholars?", "id": "56de3937cffd8e1900b4b692", "answers": [{"text": "the Byzantine Empire", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who took over the remains of the Western Roman Empire?", "id": "56de3937cffd8e1900b4b693", "answers": [{"text": "Germanic peoples", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Germanic people create in place of the Western Roman Empire?", "id": "56de3937cffd8e1900b4b694", "answers": [{"text": "kingdoms and empires of their own", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Byzantine Empire", "answer_start": 111}], "question": "What is the Western Roman Empire in the Middle ages called by contemporary scholars?", "id": "5a63202a68151a001a92220a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Germanic peoples", "answer_start": 148}], "question": "Who took over the remains of the Eastern Roman Empire?", "id": "5a63202a68151a001a92220b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "kingdoms and empires of their own", "answer_start": 262}], "question": "What did Roman people create in place of the Western Roman Empire?", "id": "5a63202a68151a001a92220c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Byzantine Empire", "answer_start": 111}], "question": "What Empire was located in Western Europe?", "id": "5a63202a68151a001a92220d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Eastern Roman Empire", "answer_start": 28}], "question": "What empire doubled in size during the middle ages?", "id": "5a63202a68151a001a92220e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During the Middle Ages, the Eastern Roman Empire survived, though modern historians refer to this state as the Byzantine Empire. In Western Europe, Germanic peoples moved into positions of power in the remnants of the former Western Roman Empire and established kingdoms and empires of their own."}], ["Zaman Pertengahan Akhir merupakan tempoh pergolakan di Eropah. Wabak yang dikenali sebagai Kematian Hitam dan kelaparan yang berkaitan menyebabkan malapetaka demografi di Eropah apabila penduduk berkurangan. Perjuangan dinasti dan peperangan penaklukan terus banyak negeri-negeri di Eropah dalam peperangan selama tempoh itu. Di Balkan, Empayar Uthmaniyyah, sebuah negara Turki yang berasal dari Anatolia, menceroboh tanah-tanah bekas tanah Byzantium, yang berakhir dengan Kejatuhan Constantinople pada tahun 1453. <Masa era apa yang dicirikan oleh kegawatan di Eropah? || The Middle Ages Akhir <> Apa penyakit yang melanda Eropah pada Abad Pertengahan? || Kematian Hitam <> Rejim baru mana yang muncul di rantau Balkan semasa Abad Pertengahan? || Empayar Uthmaniyyah <> Bilakah Empayar Uthmaniyyah menakluki Constantinople? || 1453 <> Era apa yang dicirikan oleh Empayar Uthmaniyyah? || <> Apa penyakit yang melanda tanah bekas Byzatine pada Abad Pertengahan? || <> Rejim baru mana yang muncul di rantau Constantinople semasa Abad Pertengahan? || <> Bilakah Empayar Uthmaniyyah membebaskan Constantinople dari Balkan? || <> Apa yang berlaku di Eropah dalam kebuluran? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What era was characterized by turmoil in Europe?", "id": "56de3aeccffd8e1900b4b6ae", "answers": [{"text": "The Late Middle Ages", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What disease plagued Europe during the Late Middle Ages?", "id": "56de3aeccffd8e1900b4b6af", "answers": [{"text": "the Black Death", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which new regime appeared in the Balkan region during the Late Middle Ages?", "id": "56de3aeccffd8e1900b4b6b0", "answers": [{"text": "the Ottoman Empire", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Ottoman Empire conquer Constantinople?", "id": "56de3aeccffd8e1900b4b6b1", "answers": [{"text": "1453", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Late Middle Ages", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What era was characterized by the Ottoman Empire?", "id": "5a63236668151a001a92221e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Black Death", "answer_start": 87}], "question": "What disease plagued former Byzatine lands in the Late Middle Ages?", "id": "5a63236668151a001a92221f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Ottoman Empire", "answer_start": 319}], "question": "Which new regime appeared in the Constantinople region during the Late Middle Ages?", "id": "5a63236668151a001a922220", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1453", "answer_start": 472}], "question": "When did the Ottoman Empire liberate Constantinople from the Balkans?", "id": "5a63236668151a001a922221", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Dynastic struggles and wars of conquest", "answer_start": 198}], "question": "What kept states of Europe in a famine?", "id": "5a63236668151a001a922222", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Late Middle Ages represented a period of upheaval in Europe. The epidemic known as the Black Death and an associated famine caused demographic catastrophe in Europe as the population plummeted. Dynastic struggles and wars of conquest kept many of the states of Europe at war for much of the period. In the Balkans, the Ottoman Empire, a Turkish state originating in Anatolia, encroached steadily on former Byzantine lands, culminating in the Fall of Constantinople in 1453."}], ["Beberapa definisi di selatan Eropah, yang juga dikenali sebagai Mediterranean Eropah, termasuk negara-negara semenanjung Iberia (Sepanyol dan Portugal), semenanjung Itali, selatan Perancis dan Yunani. Takrif lain kadang-kadang termasuk negara-negara Balkan Eropah Tenggara, yang secara geografi di bahagian selatan Eropah, tetapi mempunyai latar belakang sejarah, politik, ekonomi, dan budaya yang berlainan. <> Apa istilah lain untuk Eropah selatan || Mediterranean Europe <> Apa nama untuk kawasan yang terletak di Sepanyol dan Portugal? || Semenanjung Iberia <> Negara mana yang kadang kala termasuk dalam skop Eropah selatan? || Negara Balkan <> Kawasan apa yang dianggap sebagai sebahagian daripada Eropah Mediterranean? || selatan Perancis <> Apa nama untuk perbatasan di mana Perancis dan Greece terletak || <> Apa nama lain untuk Eropah utara || <> Apakah peninggalan kadang-kadang termasuk dalam skop Eropah selatan? || <> Kawasan Perancis apa yang dianggap sebagai sebahagian daripada negara-negara Balkan? || <> Negara-negara apa yang mempunyai latar belakang sejarah, politik, ekonomi, dan budaya yang sama seperti seluruh Eropah selatan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another term for southern Europe", "id": "56de31d34396321400ee2676", "answers": [{"text": "Mediterranean Europe", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name for the stretch of land on which Spain and Portugal are located?", "id": "56de31d34396321400ee2677", "answers": [{"text": "Iberian peninsula", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nations are sometimes included in the scope of southern Europe?", "id": "56de31d34396321400ee2678", "answers": [{"text": "Balkan countries", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What area of France is considered a part of Mediterranean Europe?", "id": "56de31d34396321400ee2679", "answers": [{"text": "southern France", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Iberian peninsula", "answer_start": 102}], "question": "What is the name for the stretch of land on which France and Greece are located", "id": "5a6316cf68151a001a9221c4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mediterranean Europe", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "What is another name for northern Europe", "id": "5a6316cf68151a001a9221c5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Balkan countries", "answer_start": 233}], "question": "What peninsulas are sometimes included in the scope of southern Europe?", "id": "5a6316cf68151a001a9221c6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "southern France", "answer_start": 165}], "question": "What area of France is considered a part of the Balkan countries?", "id": "5a6316cf68151a001a9221c7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Balkan countries", "answer_start": 233}], "question": "What countries have the same historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds as the rest of southern Europe?", "id": "5a6316cf68151a001a9221c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically in the southern part of Europe, but which have different historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds."}], ["Empayar Roma datang untuk menguasai keseluruhan lembah Mediterranean di sebuah empayar yang luas berdasarkan hukum Rom dan legenda Rom. Ia mempromosikan perdagangan, toleransi, dan budaya Yunani. Menjelang 300 AD Empayar Rom dibahagikan kepada Empayar Rom Barat yang berpusat di Rom, dan Empayar Rom Timur yang berpusat di Constantinople. Serangan orang-orang Jerman di utara Eropah membawa kepada Kejatuhan Empayar Rom Barat di AD 476, sebuah tarikh yang secara tradisinya menandakan berakhirnya zaman klasik dan permulaan Abad Pertengahan. <> Di manakah ibu pejabat Empayar Rom Barat? || Roma <> Di manakah ibu pejabat Empayar Rom Timur? || Constantinople <> Mana puak yang membawa Empayar Rom Barat? || Jermanik <> Tahun apa yang dianggap peralihan antara tempoh klasik dan Zaman Pertengahan? || AD 476 <> Pada tahun berapa Empayar Rom dipecah menjadi dua bahagian? || 300 AD <> Apa kerajaan mendominasi Eropah utara? || <> Di manakah ibu pejabat Empayar Rom utara? || <> Di manakah ibu pejabat Empayar Rom Jermanik? || <> Mana puak yang membina Empayar Rom Barat? || <> Dengan tahun apakah Kerajaan Jerman dipecah menjadi dua bahagian? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was the headquarters of the Western Roman Empire?", "id": "56de37c0cffd8e1900b4b684", "answers": [{"text": "Rome", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the headquarters of the Eastern Roman Empire?", "id": "56de37c0cffd8e1900b4b685", "answers": [{"text": "Constantinople", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which tribes brought down the Western Roman Empire?", "id": "56de37c0cffd8e1900b4b686", "answers": [{"text": "Germanic", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year is considered the transition between the classical period and the Middle Ages?", "id": "56de37c0cffd8e1900b4b687", "answers": [{"text": "AD 476", "answer_start": 409}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what year was the Roman Empire split into two sections?", "id": "56de37c0cffd8e1900b4b688", "answers": [{"text": "300 AD", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Roman Empire", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What empire dominated northern Europe?", "id": "5a631f1268151a001a922200", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Rome", "answer_start": 247}], "question": "Where was the headquarters of the northern Roman Empire?", "id": "5a631f1268151a001a922201", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Constantinople", "answer_start": 291}], "question": "Where were the headquarters of the Germanic Roman Empire?", "id": "5a631f1268151a001a922202", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Germanic", "answer_start": 326}], "question": "Which tribes built up the Western Roman Empire?", "id": "5a631f1268151a001a922203", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "300 AD", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "By what year was the Germanic Empire split into two sections?", "id": "5a631f1268151a001a922204", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages."}], ["Iklim paling lamban di selatan Eropah adalah iklim Mediterranean, yang menjadi ciri khas kawasan tersebut. Iklim Mediterranean merangkumi kebanyakan Portugal, Sepanyol, Tenggara Perancis, Itali, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, kawasan pantai Barat dan Selatan Turki serta pulau-pulau Mediterranean. Kawasan-kawasan iklim Mediterranean ini memperlihatkan tumbuh-tumbuhan dan landskap yang serupa di seluruh dunia, termasuk bukit-bukit kering, dataran kecil, hutan pinus dan pokok-pokok zaitun. <> Apakah jenis iklim yang teladan di selatan Eropah? || Iklim Mediterranean <> Yang mana bahagian Turki dicirikan oleh iklim Mediterranean? || Kawasan pesisiran Barat dan Selatan <> Apakah dua kategori persamaan luas di antara negara-negara yang mempunyai iklim Mediterranean? || tumbuh-tumbuhan dan landskap <> iklim apa yang berlaku di seluruh Eropah? || <> Negara-negara apa yang mempunyai pelbagai tumbuh-tumbuhan dan landskap? || <> Yang mana bahagian Greece dicirikan oleh iklim Mediterranean? || <> Apakah dua jenis persamaan luas di antara hutan yang mempunyai iklim Mediterranean? || <> Apakah tumbuh-tumbuhan macam apa yang tumbuh di Mediterranean? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of climate is exemplary of southern Europe?", "id": "56de350b4396321400ee269a", "answers": [{"text": "The Mediterranean climate", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which parts of Turkey are characterized by a Mediterranean climate?", "id": "56de350b4396321400ee269b", "answers": [{"text": "Western and Southern coastal regions", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two broad categories of similarity among countries which have a Mediterranean climate?", "id": "56de350b4396321400ee269c", "answers": [{"text": "vegetations and landscapes", "answer_start": 406}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mediterranean climate", "answer_start": 57}], "question": "What climate is that of all of Europe?", "id": "5a631a8968151a001a9221d8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece", "answer_start": 184}], "question": "What countries have varying vegetations and landscapes?", "id": "5a631a8968151a001a9221d9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Western and Southern coastal regions", "answer_start": 268}], "question": "Which parts of Greece are characterized by a Mediterranean climate?", "id": "5a631a8968151a001a9221da", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "vegetations and landscapes", "answer_start": 406}], "question": "What are two broad categories of similarity among forests which have a Mediterranean climate?", "id": "5a631a8968151a001a9221db", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pine forests and olive trees", "answer_start": 480}], "question": "What kind of vegetation grows in the Mediterranean?", "id": "5a631a8968151a001a9221dc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees."}], ["Tempoh yang dikenali sebagai Perang Salib, satu siri ekspedisi tentera yang bermotivasi agama pada mulanya bertujuan untuk membawa Levant kembali ke dalam pemerintahan Kristian, bermula. Beberapa negara Tentara Salib telah diasaskan di Mediterranean timur. Ini semuanya berpanjangan. Tentara Salib akan mempunyai kesan mendalam di banyak bahagian Eropah. Kerancakan mereka di Constantinople pada tahun 1204 membawa kemunculan yang tiba-tiba kepada Empayar Byzantium. Walaupun ia akan ditubuhkan semula, ia tidak akan dapat memulihkan kemuliaannya dahulu. Tentara Salib akan menubuhkan jalan perdagangan yang akan berkembang ke Jalan Sutera dan membuka jalan bagi republik saudagar Genoa dan Venice untuk menjadi kuasa ekonomi utama. Reconquista, pergerakan yang berkaitan, bekerja untuk merebut kembali Iberia untuk Christendom. <> Apakah nama tempoh penyerangan bersenjata yang dilakukan atas nama Kekristianan? || Perang Salib <> Bilakah Tentara Salib menyerang Constantinople? || 1204 <> Yang dua bandar manakah yang mendapat banyak manfaat daripada kegiatan Tentara Salib? || Genoa dan Venice <> Apa nama aktiviti lain seperti Perang Salib yang berlaku di semenanjung Iberia? || The Reconquista <> Apa empayar dimusnahkan oleh Sack of Constantinople? || Empayar Byzantine <> Apakah nama tempoh serangan damai yang dilakukan atas nama Kekristianan? || <> Bilakah Empayar Byzantine menyerang Constantinople? || <> Yang mana dua bandar telah dirobohkan oleh tentera salib? || <> Apa nama aktiviti lain seperti Perang Salib yang berlaku di Mediterranean timur? || <> Apa kerajaan telah dimusnahkan Peraturan Kristian? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the period of armed incursions undertaken in the name of Christianity?", "id": "56de3a30cffd8e1900b4b69c", "answers": [{"text": "the Crusades", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Crusaders invade Constantinople?", "id": "56de3a30cffd8e1900b4b69d", "answers": [{"text": "1204", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two cities benefited greatly from the activities of Crusaders?", "id": "56de3a30cffd8e1900b4b69e", "answers": [{"text": "Genoa and Venice", "answer_start": 619}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of another activity like the Crusades occuring on the Iberian peninsula?", "id": "56de3a30cffd8e1900b4b69f", "answers": [{"text": "The Reconquista", "answer_start": 669}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What empire was destroyed by the Sack of Constantinople?", "id": "56de3a30cffd8e1900b4b6a0", "answers": [{"text": "the Byzantine Empire", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Crusades", "answer_start": 20}], "question": "What is the name of the period of peaceful incursions undertaken in the name of Christianity?", "id": "5a6321a568151a001a922214", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1204", "answer_start": 357}], "question": "When did the Byzantine Empire invade Constantinople?", "id": "5a6321a568151a001a922215", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Genoa and Venice", "answer_start": 619}], "question": "Which two cities were demolished by the crusaders?", "id": "5a6321a568151a001a922216", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Reconquista", "answer_start": 669}], "question": "What was the name of another activity like the Crusades occurring in the eastern Mediterranean?", "id": "5a6321a568151a001a922217", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Byzantine Empire", "answer_start": 387}], "question": "What empire was destroyed Christian Rule?", "id": "5a6321a568151a001a922218", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The period known as the Crusades, a series of religiously motivated military expeditions originally intended to bring the Levant back into Christian rule, began. Several Crusader states were founded in the eastern Mediterranean. These were all short-lived. The Crusaders would have a profound impact on many parts of Europe. Their Sack of Constantinople in 1204 brought an abrupt end to the Byzantine Empire. Though it would later be re-established, it would never recover its former glory. The Crusaders would establish trade routes that would develop into the Silk Road and open the way for the merchant republics of Genoa and Venice to become major economic powers. The Reconquista, a related movement, worked to reconquer Iberia for Christendom."}], ["Bahasa Hellenic atau bahasa Yunani banyak digunakan di Yunani dan di bahagian Yunani Cyprus. Di samping itu, pelbagai jenis bahasa Yunani juga dituturkan dalam komuniti kecil di beberapa daerah Eropah lain. <> Apa istilah lain untuk bahasa Yunani? || Hellenic <> Di luar Yunani sendiri, dalam bahasa apa bahasa lain bahasa Yunani adalah bahasa utama? || Cyprus <> Apa istilah lain untuk Cyprus? || <> Dalam bahasa apa bahasa lain bahasa Iceland adalah bahasa utama? || <> Di mana terdapat jenis kecil Latin yang dituturkan dalam masyarakat kecil? || <> Di negara manakah bahasa Yunani yang dituturkan oleh orang kaya? || <> Sebahagian daripada Cyprus terkenal dengan banyak bahasa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another term for Greek?", "id": "56de515e4396321400ee27f3", "answers": [{"text": "Hellenic", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Outside of Greece itself, in what other nation is Greek a major language?", "id": "56de515e4396321400ee27f4", "answers": [{"text": "Cyprus", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hellenic", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What is another term for Cyprus?", "id": "5a633af868151a001a922278", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cyprus", "answer_start": 94}], "question": "In what other nation is Icelandic a major language?", "id": "5a633af868151a001a922279", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "other European counties", "answer_start": 185}], "question": "Where are small varieties of Latin spoken in small communities?", "id": "5a633af868151a001a92227a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Greece", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "In what country is Greek spoken by the wealthy?", "id": "5a633af868151a001a92227b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Greek part of Cyprus", "answer_start": 76}], "question": "What part of Cyprus is known for its many languages?", "id": "5a633af868151a001a92227c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Hellenic languages or Greek language are widely spoken in Greece and in the Greek part of Cyprus. Additionally, other varieties of Greek are spoken in small communities in parts of other European counties."}], ["Beberapa bahasa Slavik Selatan dituturkan oleh berjuta-juta orang di Eropah Selatan. Serbia dituturkan di Serbia, Bosnia dan Croatia; Bulgaria diperkatakan di Bulgaria; Croatia dituturkan di Croatia dan Bosnia; Bosnia dituturkan di Bosnia; Slovene bercakap di Slovenia; dan Macedonia dituturkan di Makedonia. <> Bahasa apa yang digunakan di Makedonia? || Macedonian <> Apa yang orang bercakap di Bulgaria? || Bahasa Bulgaria <> Slovene adalah bahasa utama di negara apa? || Slovenia <> Apa bahasa Slavik yang paling biasa? || <> Di manakah buatan Bulgaria? || <> Di manakah bahasa Croatia yang kedua paling biasa? || <> Bahasa apa yang digunakan oleh berjuta-juta orang di Eropah Utara? || <> Bahasa apa yang digunakan dalam kedua-dua Serbia dan Croatia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What language is used in Macedonia?", "id": "56de51f9cffd8e1900b4b7ff", "answers": [{"text": "Macedonian", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do people speak in Bulgaria?", "id": "56de51f9cffd8e1900b4b800", "answers": [{"text": "Bulgarian", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Slovene is a major language in what country?", "id": "56de51f9cffd8e1900b4b802", "answers": [{"text": "Slovenia", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Serbian", "answer_start": 84}], "question": "What is the most common Slavic language? ", "id": "5a633c6468151a001a922282", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bulgaria", "answer_start": 157}], "question": "Where is Bulgarian ale made?", "id": "5a633c6468151a001a922283", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bosnia", "answer_start": 201}], "question": "Where is Croatian the second most common language?", "id": "5a633c6468151a001a922284", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Several South Slavic languages", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What languages are spoken by millions of people in Northern Europe?", "id": "5a633c6468151a001a922285", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Serbian", "answer_start": 84}], "question": "What language is spoken in both Serbia and Croatia?", "id": "5a633c6468151a001a922286", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Several South Slavic languages are spoken by millions of people in Southern Europe. Serbian is spoken in Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia; Bulgarian is spoken in Bulgaria; Croatian is spoken in Croatia and Bosnia; Bosnian is spoken in Bosnia; Slovene is spoken in Slovenia; and Macedonian is spoken in Macedonia."}], ["Wabak Perang Dunia I pada tahun 1914 telah diakibatkan oleh kebangkitan nasionalisme di Eropah Tenggara ketika kuasa besar mengambil alih. Sekutu mengalahkan kuasa pusat pada tahun 1918. Semasa Persidangan Keamanan Paris, Big Four mengenakan syarat mereka dalam satu siri perjanjian, terutama Perjanjian Versailles. <> Dalam tahun apakah Perang Dunia I bermula? || 1914 <> Bilakah seorang pemenang muncul dalam Perang Dunia I? || 1918 <> Pada apa peristiwa kuasa-kuasa Sekutu utama menegaskan keadaan mereka pada akhir perang? || Persidangan Keamanan Paris <> Pada tahun apakah Perang Dunia II bermula? || <> Bilakah berlaku kebuntuan dalam Perang Dunia I? || <> Pada apa peristiwa yang dilakukan oleh kuasa-kuasa pusat utama menegaskan keadaan mereka pada akhir perang? || <> Apakah satu contoh perjanjian yang dipicu oleh kebangkitan nasionalisme? || <> Siapa yang meletakkan idea mereka mengenai kawalan iklim? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did World War I begin?", "id": "56de4a06cffd8e1900b4b7ad", "answers": [{"text": "1914", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did a victor emerge in World War I?", "id": "56de4a06cffd8e1900b4b7af", "answers": [{"text": "1918", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what event did the major Allied powers assert their conditions at the end of the war?", "id": "56de4a06cffd8e1900b4b7b0", "answers": [{"text": "the Paris Peace Conference", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1914", "answer_start": 31}], "question": "In what year did World War II begin?", "id": "5a632d0368151a001a922250", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1918", "answer_start": 180}], "question": "When did a stalemate occur in World War I?", "id": "5a632d0368151a001a922251", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Paris Peace Conference", "answer_start": 193}], "question": "At what event did the major Central Powers assert their conditions at the end of the war?", "id": "5a632d0368151a001a922252", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Treaty of Versailles", "answer_start": 289}], "question": "What is an example of a treaty precipitated by the rise of nationalism?", "id": "5a632d0368151a001a922253", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Big Four", "answer_start": 220}], "question": "Who imposed their ideas about climate control?", "id": "5a632d0368151a001a922254", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The outbreak of World War I in 1914 was precipitated by the rise of nationalism in Southeastern Europe as the Great Powers took up sides. The Allies defeated the Central Powers in 1918. During the Paris Peace Conference the Big Four imposed their terms in a series of treaties, especially the Treaty of Versailles."}], ["Tempoh antara 1815 dan 1871 menyaksikan sejumlah besar percubaan revolusioner dan peperangan kemerdekaan. Negara-negara Balkan mula kembali kemerdekaan dari Empayar Uthmaniyyah. Itali bersatu menjadi sebuah negara. Penangkapan Rom pada tahun 1870 menamatkan kuasa dajal Papal. Persaingan dalam perebutan untuk empayar tersebar dalam apa yang dikenali sebagai The Age of Empire. <> Bilakah terdapat banyak perjuangan untuk kemerdekaan atau menggulingkan kerajaan yang berlaku? || antara 1815 dan 1871 <> Dari siapakah Balkan menyatakan mula merebut kembali kemerdekaan mereka? || Empayar Uthmaniyyah <> Pada tahun apa yang ditakluk oleh Rom? || 1870 <> Frasa apa yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan tempoh yang ditandakan oleh persaingan untuk tanah yang masih ada? || The Age of Empire <> Ketika ada banyak perjuangan untuk Itali? || <> Dari siapakah Roman bangsa mula merebut kemerdekaan mereka? || <> Tahun apa yang dikenali sebagai The Age of the Empire? || <> Apa yang menamatkan percubaan revolusi Paus? || <> Frasa apa yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan tempoh yang ditandakan oleh negara bangsa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When were there many struggles for independence or overthrowing prevailing governments?", "id": "56de498bcffd8e1900b4b79f", "answers": [{"text": "between 1815 and 1871", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From whom did Balkan states start retaking their independence?", "id": "56de498bcffd8e1900b4b7a0", "answers": [{"text": "the Ottoman Empire", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Rome conquered?", "id": "56de498bcffd8e1900b4b7a1", "answers": [{"text": "1870", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What phrase is used to describe the period marked by competition for extant lands?", "id": "56de498bcffd8e1900b4b7a2", "answers": [{"text": "The Age of Empire", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "between 1815 and 1871", "answer_start": 11}], "question": "When were there many struggles for Italy?", "id": "5a63433e68151a001a9222be", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Ottoman Empire", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "From whom did nation Roman start retaking their independence?", "id": "5a63433e68151a001a9222bf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1870", "answer_start": 228}], "question": "What year was known as The Age of the Empire?", "id": "5a63433e68151a001a9222c0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The capture of Rome", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "What ended the Papal revolutionary attempt?", "id": "5a63433e68151a001a9222c1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Age of Empire", "answer_start": 326}], "question": "What phrase is used to describe the period marked by nation states?", "id": "5a63433e68151a001a9222c2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The period between 1815 and 1871 saw a large number of revolutionary attempts and independence wars. Balkan nations began to regain independence from the Ottoman Empire. Italy unified into a nation state. The capture of Rome in 1870 ended the Papal temporal power. Rivalry in a scramble for empires spread in what is known as The Age of Empire."}], ["Perkembangan luar negara Eropah membawa kepada kebangkitan empayar penjajah, menghasilkan Bursa Columbia. Gabungan aliran masuk sumber dari Dunia Baru dan Revolusi Perindustrian Great Britain membolehkan ekonomi baru berdasarkan pembuatan bukan pertanian sara hidup. <> Apa yang menyebabkan penerokaan Eropah di Dunia Baru? || bangkitnya empayar penjajah <> Apa institusi mercantilisme ditubuhkan dengan jajahan Dunia Baru? || The Columbian Exchange <> Apa yang menggantikan pertanian sebagai tumpuan ekonomi Eropah dengan penubuhan koloni luar negeri? || pembuatan <> Selain dari aktiviti-aktiviti koloni, apa peristiwa lain yang mendorong peralihan dari pertanian ke pembuatan? || Revolusi Perindustrian Great Britain <> Apa yang menyebabkan pertukaran Columbia Eropah? || <> Apa institusi mercantilism ditubuhkan dengan Great Britain? || <> Apa yang menggantikan empayar penjajah sebagai tumpuan ekonomi Eropah dengan penubuhan koloni luar negeri? || <> Selain daripada kegiatan-kegiatan koloni, apa yang lain menimbulkan peralihan dari pembuatan ke pertanian? || <> Apa yang membolehkan ekonomi baru berdasarkan pertanian subsisten? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What resulted from Europe's exploration of the New World?", "id": "56de48464396321400ee2764", "answers": [{"text": "the rise of colonial empires", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What institution of mercantilism was established with New World colonies?", "id": "56de48464396321400ee2765", "answers": [{"text": "the Columbian Exchange", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What replaced agriculture as the focus of European economy with the establishment of overseas colonies?", "id": "56de48464396321400ee2766", "answers": [{"text": "manufacturing", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from the activities of colonies, what other event fostered the transition from agriculture to manufacturing?", "id": "56de48464396321400ee2767", "answers": [{"text": "the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "colonial empires", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "What resulted from Europe's Columbian exchange?", "id": "5a63296468151a001a922246", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Columbian Exchange", "answer_start": 75}], "question": "What institution of mercantilism was established with Great Britain?", "id": "5a63296468151a001a922247", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "manufacturing", "answer_start": 233}], "question": "What replaced colonial empires as the focus of European economy with the establishment of overseas colonies?", "id": "5a63296468151a001a922248", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain", "answer_start": 158}], "question": "Aside from the activities of colonies what other even fostered the transition from manufacturing to agriculture?", "id": "5a63296468151a001a922249", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution", "answer_start": 118}], "question": "What allowed a new economy based on subsistence agriculture?", "id": "5a63296468151a001a92224a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the Columbian Exchange. The combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain, allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture."}], ["Bermula kira-kira pada abad ke-14 di Florence, dan kemudiannya menyebarkan melalui Eropah dengan perkembangan akhbar percetakan, Renaisans pengetahuan mencabar doktrin-doktrin tradisional dalam sains dan teologi, dengan teks-teks Arab dan pemikiran membawa penemuan kembali pengetahuan Yunani dan Rom klasik. <> Bilakah permulaan tempoh yang dikenali sebagai Renaissance? || Abad ke-14 <> Dalam apa bandar mula Renaissance bermula? || Florence <> Apa bidang pengetahuan yang tertakluk kepada banyak perbahasan semasa Renaissance? || sains dan teologi <> Pertemuan dengan pengetahuan Arab meletakkan pemikir Renaisans kembali berhubung dengan ajaran-ajaran mana peradaban kuno? || Greek dan Roman <> Kapan permulaan tempoh yang dikenali sebagai Yunani dan Rom? || <> Apa bandar yang ditemui kehilangan teks Arab? || <> Bidang ilmu apa yang tersangkut semasa Renaissance? || <> Pertemuan dengan media percetakan Florence meletakkan pemikir Renaissance kembali berhubungan dengan ajaran yang tamadun? || <> Apa yang membawa kepada penemuan semula pengetahuan akhbar percetakan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the start of the period known as the Renaissance?", "id": "56de3ba64396321400ee26b8", "answers": [{"text": "14th century", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city did the Renaissance begin?", "id": "56de3ba64396321400ee26b9", "answers": [{"text": "Florence", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What areas of knowledge were subject to much debate during the Renaissance?", "id": "56de3ba64396321400ee26ba", "answers": [{"text": "science and theology", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The encounter with Arabic knowledge put Renaissance thinkers back in touch with the teachings of which ancient civilizations?", "id": "56de3ba64396321400ee26bb", "answers": [{"text": "Greek and Roman", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "14th century", "answer_start": 25}], "question": "When was the start of the period known as Greek and Roman?", "id": "5a63251e68151a001a922228", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Florence", "answer_start": 41}], "question": "What city discovered lost Arabic texts?", "id": "5a63251e68151a001a922229", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "science and theology", "answer_start": 193}], "question": "What areas of knowledge stagnated during the Renaissance?", "id": "5a63251e68151a001a92222a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Greek and Roman", "answer_start": 289}], "question": "The encounter with the Florence printing press put Renaissance thinkers back in touch with the teachings of which civilizations?", "id": "5a63251e68151a001a92222b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Arabic texts", "answer_start": 224}], "question": "What brought about rediscovery of printing press knowledge?", "id": "5a63251e68151a001a92222c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Beginning roughly in the 14th century in Florence, and later spreading through Europe with the development of the printing press, a Renaissance of knowledge challenged traditional doctrines in science and theology, with the Arabic texts and thought bringing about rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman knowledge."}], ["Itali menjadi negara perindustrian utama sekali lagi, kerana keajaiban pasca perangnya. Kesatuan Eropah (EU) melibatkan pembahagian kuasa, dengan cukai, kesihatan dan pendidikan yang dikendalikan oleh negara-negara negara, sementara EU telah bertanggungjawab terhadap peraturan pasaran, persaingan, piawaian undang-undang dan alam sekitar. Sistem ekonomi dan politik Soviet runtuh, yang menyebabkan berakhirnya komunisme di negara-negara satelit pada tahun 1989, dan pembubaran Kesatuan Soviet itu sendiri pada tahun 1991. Akibatnya, integrasi Eropah semakin mendalam, benua itu menjadi depolarisasi, dan Kesatuan Eropah berkembang untuk seterusnya termasuk banyak bekas negara komunis Eropah - Romania dan Bulgaria (2007) dan Croatia (2013). <> Apa yang EU berdiri? || Kesatuan Eropah <> Apakah kesatuan Eropah yang ditugaskan untuk mengurus? || peraturan pasaran, persaingan, piawaian undang-undang dan alam sekitar <> Bilakah komunisme jatuh dalam sekutu Kesatuan Soviet? || 1989 <> Bilakah USSR dibubarkan? || 1991 <> Dalam tahun apa yang diterima oleh Croatia ke Kesatuan Eropah? || 2013 <> Apa yang ditugaskan oleh Kesatuan Soviet untuk mengurus? || <> Bilakah demokrasi jatuh dalam sekutu Kesatuan Soviet? || <> Bilakah EU membongkar? || <> Dalam tahun apakah Croatia telah masuk ke parti komunis? || <> Apa yang membabitkan pembahagian negara-negara komunis dahulu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does EU stand for?", "id": "56de4fd0cffd8e1900b4b7f1", "answers": [{"text": "European Union", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the European Union tasked with managing?", "id": "56de4fd0cffd8e1900b4b7f2", "answers": [{"text": "market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did communism fall in allies of the Soviet Union?", "id": "56de4fd0cffd8e1900b4b7f3", "answers": [{"text": "1989", "answer_start": 418}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the USSR dissolve?", "id": "56de4fd0cffd8e1900b4b7f4", "answers": [{"text": "1991", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Croatia admitted to the European Union?", "id": "56de4fd0cffd8e1900b4b7f5", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 712}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism", "answer_start": 239}], "question": "What Soviet Union tasked with managing?", "id": "5a63379768151a001a922264", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1989", "answer_start": 418}], "question": "When did democracy fall in allies of the Soviet Union?", "id": "5a63379768151a001a922265", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1991", "answer_start": 474}], "question": "When did the EU dissovle?", "id": "5a63379768151a001a922266", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 712}], "question": "In what year was Croatia admitted to the communist party?", "id": "5a63379768151a001a922267", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The European Union (EU)", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "What involved the division of formerly communist European countries?", "id": "5a63379768151a001a922268", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Italy became a major industrialized country again, due to its post-war economic miracle. The European Union (EU) involved the division of powers, with taxation, health and education handled by the nation states, while the EU had charge of market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism. The Soviet economic and political system collapsed, leading to the end of communism in the satellite countries in 1989, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union itself in 1991. As a consequence, Europe's integration deepened, the continent became depolarised, and the European Union expanded to subsequently include many of the formerly communist European countries \u2013 Romania and Bulgaria (2007) and Croatia (2013)."}], ["Keluarga bahasa yang paling banyak digunakan di Eropah selatan adalah bahasa-bahasa Romantik, pewaris bahasa Latin, yang telah merebak dari semenanjung Itali, dan merupakan simbolik dari Eropah Barat Daya. (Lihat Garis Latin.) Setakat ini bahasa-bahasa romantik yang paling biasa di Eropah Selatan adalah: Bahasa Itali, yang diucapkan oleh lebih dari 50 juta orang di Itali, San Marino, dan Vatikan; dan Sepanyol, yang diucapkan oleh lebih 40 juta orang di Sepanyol dan Gibraltar. Bahasa-bahasa romantik yang lain termasuk: Romania, yang digunakan di Romania dan Moldova; Portugis, yang bercakap di Portugal; Catalan, yang bercakap di Sepanyol timur; dan Galician, yang bercakap di barat laut Sepanyol. <> Apakah kumpulan bahasa yang paling biasa digunakan di Eropah Tengah? || Bahasa-bahasa Romantik <> Apakah tiga kawasan utama di Eropah selatan di mana penceramah Itali boleh didapati? || Itali, San Marino, dan Vatican <> Di manakah orang yang boleh berbahasa Catalan dijumpai? || timur Sepanyol <> Bahasa apa yang digunakan di barat laut Sepanyol? || Bahasa Galicia <> Berapa banyak orang di Sepanyol dan Gibraltar adalah penutur bahasa Sepanyol? || lebih 40 juta <> Apakah kumpulan bahasa yang paling biasa digunakan dalam bahasa Catalan? || <> Apakah tiga kawasan utama di selatan Eropah di mana penceramah Latin dapat dijumpai? || <> Berapa ramai orang di Sepanyol dan Perancis adalah penutur bahasa Sepanyol? || <> Berapa ramai orang berbahasa Itali di Eropah? || <> Bahasa apa bahasa lambang Eropah utara? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the most common group of languages spoken in Mediterranean Europe?", "id": "56de50ed4396321400ee27e3", "answers": [{"text": "Romance languages", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the three main areas of southern Europe where Italian speakers can be found?", "id": "56de50ed4396321400ee27e4", "answers": [{"text": "Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where can people who speak Catalan be found?", "id": "56de50ed4396321400ee27e5", "answers": [{"text": "eastern Spain", "answer_start": 613}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language is spoken in northwest Spain?", "id": "56de50ed4396321400ee27e6", "answers": [{"text": "Galician", "answer_start": 632}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people in Spain and Gibraltar are Spanish speakers?", "id": "56de50ed4396321400ee27e7", "answers": [{"text": "over 40 million", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Romance languages", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "What is the most common group of languages spoken in Catalan?", "id": "5a63394c68151a001a92226e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican", "answer_start": 339}], "question": "What are the three main areas of southern Europe where Latin speakers can be found?", "id": "5a63394c68151a001a92226f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "over 40 million", "answer_start": 407}], "question": "How many people in Spain and France are Spanish speakers?", "id": "5a63394c68151a001a922270", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "over 50 million people", "answer_start": 313}], "question": "How many people speak Italian in Europe?", "id": "5a63394c68151a001a922271", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Romance languages", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "What languages are emblematic of northern Europe?", "id": "5a63394c68151a001a922272", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe are the Romance languages, the heirs of Latin, which have spread from the Italian peninsula, and are emblematic of Southwestern Europe. (See the Latin Arch.) By far the most common romance languages in Southern Europe are: Italian, which is spoken by over 50 million people in Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican; and Spanish, which is spoken by over 40 million people in Spain and Gibraltar. Other common romance languages include: Romanian, which is spoken in Romania and Moldova; Portuguese, which is spoken in Portugal; Catalan, which is spoken in eastern Spain; and Galician, which is spoken in northwestern Spain."}], ["Rejim Nazi di bawah Adolf Hitler berkuasa pada tahun 1933, dan bersama-sama dengan Itali Mussolini berusaha untuk menguasai benua itu oleh Perang Dunia Kedua. Berikutan kemenangan Bersekutu dalam Perang Dunia Kedua, Eropah dibahagikan dengan Tirai Besi. Negara-negara di Eropah Tenggara dikuasai oleh Kesatuan Soviet dan menjadi negara komunis. Negara-negara Eropah Selatan yang bukan komunis utama menyertai pakatan tentera yang dipimpin Amerika Syarikat (NATO) dan membentuk Komuniti Ekonomi Eropah di kalangan mereka. Negara-negara dalam pengaruh Soviet bergabung dengan aliansi ketenteraan yang dikenal sebagai Perjanjian Warsaw dan blok ekonomi yang disebut Comecon. Yugoslavia adalah neutral. <> Kumpulan mana yang mengambil alih pada tahun 1933? || Rejim Nazi <> Yang mengetuai Nazi? || Adolf Hitler <> Negara manakah Hitler menyelaraskan Jerman? || Itali <> Siapa pemimpin Itali semasa Perang Dunia II bermula? || Mussolini <> Apa hubungan militer antara negara-negara yang sejajar dengan Soviet Union? || Perjanjian Warsaw <> Kumpulan mana yang dikuasai oleh Soviet Unioin pada tahun 1933? || <> Negara mana yang Hitler membentuk Komuniti Ekonomi Eropah? || <> Siapa pemimpin di benua ketika Perang Dunia II bermula? || <> Apakah perkongsian ketenteraan antara negara-negara bersekutu dengan Yugoslavia dipanggil? || <> Apa yang membahagikan rejim Nazi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which group took control in 1933?", "id": "56de4d554396321400ee27b5", "answers": [{"text": "The Nazi regime", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who led the Nazis?", "id": "56de4d554396321400ee27b6", "answers": [{"text": "Adolf Hitler", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which country did Hitler align Germany with?", "id": "56de4d554396321400ee27b7", "answers": [{"text": "Italy", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the leader of Italy when World War II started?", "id": "56de4d554396321400ee27b8", "answers": [{"text": "Mussolini", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the military partnership between countries aligned with the Soviet Union called?", "id": "56de4d554396321400ee27b9", "answers": [{"text": "the Warsaw Pact", "answer_start": 593}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Nazi regime", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Which group was dominated by the Soviet Unioin in 1933?", "id": "5a632f1a68151a001a92225a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Italy", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "Which country did Hitler form the European Economic Community with?", "id": "5a632f1a68151a001a92225b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mussolini", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "Who was the leader of the continent when World War II started?", "id": "5a632f1a68151a001a92225c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Warsaw Pact", "answer_start": 593}], "question": "What was the military partnership between countries aligned with Yugoslavia called?", "id": "5a632f1a68151a001a92225d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Iron Curtain", "answer_start": 232}], "question": "What divided the Nazi regime?", "id": "5a632f1a68151a001a92225e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Nazi regime under Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, and along with Mussolini's Italy sought to gain control of the continent by the Second World War. Following the Allied victory in the Second World War, Europe was divided by the Iron Curtain. The countries in Southeastern Europe were dominated by the Soviet Union and became communist states. The major non-communist Southern European countries joined a US-led military alliance (NATO) and formed the European Economic Community amongst themselves. The countries in the Soviet sphere of influence joined the military alliance known as the Warsaw Pact and the economic bloc called Comecon. Yugoslavia was neutal."}], ["Reconquista dari Portugal dan Sepanyol membawa kepada beberapa eksplorasi lautan yang mengakibatkan Age of Discovery yang menjalin hubungan langsung dengan Afrika, Amerika, dan Asia, sementara perang keagamaan terus berlaga di Eropah, yang berakhir pada 1648 dengan Keamanan Westphalia. Mahkota Sepanyol mengekalkan hegemoni di Eropah dan menjadi kuasa utama di benua sehingga penandatanganan Perjanjian Pyrenees, yang menamatkan konflik antara Sepanyol dan Perancis yang telah bermula semasa Perang Tiga Puluh Tahun. Satu siri peperangan utama dan revolusi politik yang berlaku tidak pernah berlaku di seluruh Eropah dan sememangnya dunia dalam tempoh antara 1610 dan 1700. Pengamat pada masa itu, dan banyak ahli sejarah sejak itu, telah mendakwa bahawa perang menyebabkan revolusi. Galileo Galilei, mencipta teleskop dan termometer yang membolehkannya untuk memerhatikan dan menggambarkan sistem solar. Leonardo da Vinci melukis karya yang paling terkenal di dunia. Guglielmo Marconi mencipta radio. <> Negara mana yang memulakan Zaman Penjelajahan berikutan Reconquista? || Portugal dan Sepanyol <> Bilakah konflik agama berakhir di Eropah? || 1648 <> Antara yang dua negara adalah Perjanjian Pyrenees ditandatangani? || Sepanyol dan Perancis <> Ahli sains mana yang dibangunkan cara melihat ruang? || Galileo Galilei <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab membuat radio pertama? || Guglielmo Marconi <> Negara mana yang memulakan Peace of Westphalia berikutan Reconquista? || <> Bilakah revolusi berakhir di Eropah? || <> Antara mana dua negara adalah Perang Tiga Puluh Tahun yang ditandatangani? || <> Yang ahli sains membangunkan cara untuk mengakhiri peperangan? || <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab untuk mewujudkan benua yang paling terkenal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which countries initiated the Age of Exploration following the Reconquista?", "id": "56de45f5cffd8e1900b4b765", "answers": [{"text": "Portugal and Spain", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did religious conflict end in Europe?", "id": "56de45f5cffd8e1900b4b766", "answers": [{"text": "1648", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Between which two nations was the Treaty of the Pyrenees signed?", "id": "56de45f5cffd8e1900b4b767", "answers": [{"text": "Spain and France", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which scientist developed a means of viewing space?", "id": "56de45f5cffd8e1900b4b768", "answers": [{"text": "Galileo Galilei", "answer_start": 764}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was responsible for creating the first radio?", "id": "56de45f5cffd8e1900b4b769", "answers": [{"text": "Guglielmo Marconi", "answer_start": 945}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Portugal and Spain", "answer_start": 19}], "question": "Which countries initiated the Peace of Westphalia following the Reconquista?", "id": "5a63277968151a001a92223c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1648", "answer_start": 249}], "question": "When did revolutions end in Europe?", "id": "5a63277968151a001a92223d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spain and France", "answer_start": 459}], "question": "Between which two nations was the Thirty Years's War signed?", "id": "5a63277968151a001a92223e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Galileo Galilei", "answer_start": 764}], "question": "Which scientist developed a means of ending wars?", "id": "5a63277968151a001a92223f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Leonardo da Vinci", "answer_start": 884}], "question": "Who was responsible for creating the most famous continent?", "id": "5a63277968151a001a922240", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Reconquista of Portugal and Spain led to a series of oceanic explorations resulting in the Age of Discovery that established direct links with Africa, the Americas, and Asia, while religious wars continued to be fought in Europe, which ended in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia. The Spanish crown maintained its hegemony in Europe and was the leading power on the continent until the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees, which ended a conflict between Spain and France that had begun during the Thirty Years' War. An unprecedented series of major wars and political revolutions took place around Europe and indeed the world in the period between 1610 and 1700. Observers at the time, and many historians since, have argued that wars caused the revolutions. Galileo Galilei, invented the telescope and the thermometer which allowed him to observe and describe the solar system. Leonardo da Vinci painted the most famous work in the world. Guglielmo Marconi invented the radio."}], ["Suruhanjaya Pelancongan Eropah membahagikan rantau Eropah berdasarkan model Metrik Keputusan Pelancongan (TDM). Negara-negara yang berada di Eropah Selatan / Mediterranean adalah: <> Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh TDM? || Metrik Keputusan Pelancongan <> Kumpulan mana yang menggunakan TDM sebagai metrik? || Suruhanjaya Pelancongan Eropah <> Kumpulan mana yang menggunakan rantau Eropah sebagai metrik? || <> Siapa yang membelah kawasan pergunungan? || <> Model apa yang menunjukkan negara yang dikelompokkan oleh penduduk? || <> Kawasan apa yang dimiliki Ireland? || <> Siapa yang membahagikan kawasan Asia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does TDM stand for?", "id": "56de58e4cffd8e1900b4b82e", "answers": [{"text": "Tourism Decision Metrics", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which group uses TDM as a metric?", "id": "56de58e4cffd8e1900b4b82f", "answers": [{"text": "European Travel Commission", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "European Travel Commission", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Which group uses European regions as a metric?", "id": "5a63430c68151a001a9222b4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "European Travel Commission", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who divides the mountainous regions?", "id": "5a63430c68151a001a9222b5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tourism Decision Metrics (TDM) model", "answer_start": 71}], "question": "What model shows countries grouped by population?", "id": "5a63430c68151a001a9222b6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Southern/Mediterranean Europe", "answer_start": 139}], "question": "What region does Ireland belong to? ", "id": "5a63430c68151a001a9222b7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "European Travel Commission", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who divides the Asian region?", "id": "5a63430c68151a001a9222b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "European Travel Commission divides the European region on the basis of Tourism Decision Metrics (TDM) model. Countries which belong to the Southern/Mediterranean Europe are:"}], ["Terdapat kumpulan bahasa lain di Eropah Selatan. Albania dituturkan di Albania, Kosovo, Macedoonia, dan beberapa bahagian di Yunani. Bahasa Malta adalah bahasa Semitik yang merupakan bahasa rasmi Malta. Bahasa Basque dituturkan di Negara Basque, rantau di utara Sepanyol dan barat daya Perancis. <> Bahasa apa yang boleh dijumpai digunakan di Kosovo dan Albania? || Bahasa Albania <> Bahasa jenis apa bahasa Malta? || Semitik <> Dimana Negara Basque terletak? || utara Sepanyol dan barat daya Perancis <> Bahasa apa yang digunakan di Cyprus? || <> Bahasa jenis apa bahasa Albania? || <> Di mana terletak Malta? || <> Apa bahasa kedua yang paling biasa di Albania? || <> Apa bahasa kedua yang paling biasa di Negara Basque? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What language can be found used in Kosovo and Albania?", "id": "56de560a4396321400ee281d", "answers": [{"text": "Albanian", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of language is Maltese?", "id": "56de560a4396321400ee281e", "answers": [{"text": "Semitic", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Basque Country located?", "id": "56de560a4396321400ee281f", "answers": [{"text": "northern Spain and southwestern France", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Albanian", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "What language is spoken in Cyprus?", "id": "5a633e6468151a001a922296", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Semitic", "answer_start": 140}], "question": "What type of language is Albanian?", "id": "5a633e6468151a001a922297", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "northern Spain and southwestern France", "answer_start": 262}], "question": "Where is Malta located?", "id": "5a633e6468151a001a922298", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Maltese", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "What is the second most common language in Albania?", "id": "5a633e6468151a001a922299", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Maltese", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "What is the second most common language in the Basque Country?", "id": "5a633e6468151a001a92229a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There are other language groupings in Southern Europe. Albanian is spoken in Albania, Kosovo, Macedoonia, and parts of Greece. Maltese is a Semitic language that is the official language of Malta. The Basque language is spoken in the Basque Country, a region in northern Spain and southwestern France."}], ["Bahasa Inggeris digunakan sebagai bahasa kedua di bahagian Eropah Selatan. Sebagai bahasa utama, bagaimanapun, bahasa Inggeris hanya mempunyai kehadiran kecil di Eropah Selatan, hanya di Gibraltar (bersebelahan dengan Sepanyol) dan Malta (menengah ke Malta). <> Apa yang dianggap sebagai bahasa kedua de facto di Eropah Tengah? || Bahasa Inggeris <> Selain bahasa Inggeris, apa bahasa lain yang digunakan di Gibraltar? || Bahasa Sepanyol <> Selain bahasa Inggeris, apa bahasa lain yang digunakan di Malta? || Bahasa Maltese <> Bahasa apa yang dianggap defacto pertama langauge di Eropah Tengah? || <> Bahasa apa yang ketiga paling biasa di Malta? || <> Bahasa apa yang paling biasa di Eropah Selatan? || <> Bahasa apa yang ketiga paling biasa di Gibraltar? || <> Di mana Bahasa Inggeris mempunyai kehadiran yang besar sebagai bahasa utama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is considered a de facto second language in Mediterranean Europe?", "id": "56de53534396321400ee2807", "answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides English, what other language is spoken in Gibraltar?", "id": "56de53534396321400ee2809", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides English, what other language is spoken in Malta?", "id": "56de53534396321400ee280a", "answers": [{"text": "Maltese", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What language is considered a defacto first langauge in Mediterranean Europe?", "id": "5a633d8368151a001a92228c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spanish", "answer_start": 181}], "question": "What language is the third most common in Malta?", "id": "5a633d8368151a001a92228d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What language is the most common in Southern Europe?", "id": "5a633d8368151a001a92228e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Maltese", "answer_start": 214}], "question": "What language is the third most common in Gibraltar?", "id": "5a633d8368151a001a92228f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Southern Europe", "answer_start": 135}], "question": "Where does English have a large presence as a primary language?", "id": "5a633d8368151a001a922290", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "English is used as a second language in parts of Southern Europe. As a primary language, however, English has only a small presence in Southern Europe, only in Gibraltar (alongside Spanish) and Malta (secondary to Maltese)."}], ["Untuk karya dan penerbitan rasminya, Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu membentuk satu kumpulan di bawah klasifikasi wilayah. Penugasan negara atau kawasan untuk pengelompokkan tertentu adalah untuk kemudahan statistik dan tidak menyiratkan apa-apa anggapan mengenai afiliasi politik atau lain-lain negara atau wilayah oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. Eropah Selatan, seperti yang dikumpulkan untuk kemudahan statistik oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (sub-wilayah mengikut PBB), termasuk negara dan wilayah berikut: <> Istilah apa yang digunakan oleh PBB untuk membahagikan kumpulan bangsa? || kawasan <> Apakah sebabnya pembahagian PBB ke kawasan? || kemudahan statistik <> Apa unit kecil yang membentuk rantau Eropah selatan? || sub-wilayah <> Istilah apa yang digunakan oleh PBB untuk membahagikan kumpulan-kumpulan kota? || <> Apakah sebabnya untuk kerja rasmi PBB? || <> Apakah unit-unit kecil yang dicatatkan dalam penerbitan akhbar? || <> Apa yang tidak membayangkan hubungan agama? || <> Siapa kumpulan negara mengikut gabungan politik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What term is used by the UNO to divide groups of nations?", "id": "56de58b94396321400ee283b", "answers": [{"text": "regions", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the reason for the UNO's division into regions?", "id": "56de58b94396321400ee283c", "answers": [{"text": "statistical convenience", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What smaller unit makes up the southern Europe region?", "id": "56de58b94396321400ee283d", "answers": [{"text": "sub-regions", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "regions", "answer_start": 116}], "question": "What term is used by the UNO to divide groups of cities?", "id": "5a6341f368151a001a9222aa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "statistical convenience", "answer_start": 373}], "question": "What is the reason for the UNO's official works?", "id": "5a6341f368151a001a9222ab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sub-regions", "answer_start": 424}], "question": "What smaller units are recorded in newspaper publications?", "id": "5a6341f368151a001a9222ac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings", "answer_start": 125}], "question": "What does not imply a religious affiliation?", "id": "5a6341f368151a001a9222ad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United Nations Organization", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "Who groups countries according to political affiliation?", "id": "5a6341f368151a001a9222ae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "For its official works and publications, the United Nations Organization groups countries under a classification of regions. The assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories by the United Nations. Southern Europe, as grouped for statistical convenience by the United Nations (the sub-regions according to the UN), includes following countries and territories:"}], ["Agama utama adalah Eropah selatan adalah agama Kristian. Kekristenan tersebar di seluruh Eropah Selatan semasa Empayar Rom, dan Kristian diterima sebagai agama rasmi Empayar Rom pada tahun 380 Masehi. Kerana sejarah sejarah Gereja Kristian ke separuh barat yang berpusat di Rom dan separuh timur yang berpangkalan di Constantinople, cabang-cabang Kristian yang berlainan adalah hasil di berbagai bahagian Eropah. Orang Kristian di bahagian barat Eropah Selatan - mis., Portugal, Sepanyol, Itali - biasanya Roman Katolik. Orang Kristian di bahagian timur Eropah Selatan - mis., Greece, Macedonia - umumnya Ortodoks Yunani. <> Apa iman utama yang diamalkan di Eropah selatan? || Kristian <> Bilakah Roma menjadikan agama Kristian agama rasmi mereka? || 380 AD <> Apa denominasi agama Kristian yang lazim di bahagian barat Eropah selatan? || Roman Katolik <> Mana denominasi agama Kristian lebih umum di bahagian timur Eropah Tengah? || Orthodox Yunani <> Apa iman utama yang diamalkan di Eropah barat? || <> Bilakah orang Rom mengatakan bahawa agama Kristian benar? || <> Apa denominasi agama Kristian yang biasa di Constantinople? || <> Yang denominasi agama Kristian adalah yang paling biasa semasa Empayar Rom? || <> Mengapa pelbagai cawangan agama Kristian merebak secara merata di Eropah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the main faith practiced in southern Europe?", "id": "56de56f64396321400ee2825", "answers": [{"text": "Christianity", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Romans make Christianity their official religion?", "id": "56de56f64396321400ee2826", "answers": [{"text": "380 AD", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What denomination of Christianity is common in the western part of southern Europe?", "id": "56de56f64396321400ee2827", "answers": [{"text": "Roman Catholic", "answer_start": 539}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which denomination of Christianity is more common in the eastern part of Mediterranean Europe?", "id": "56de56f64396321400ee2828", "answers": [{"text": "Greek Orthodox", "answer_start": 647}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christianity", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "What is the main faith practiced in western Europe?", "id": "5a63406b68151a001a9222a0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "380 AD", "answer_start": 219}], "question": "When did the Romans say that Christianity was true? ", "id": "5a63406b68151a001a9222a1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Roman Catholic", "answer_start": 539}], "question": "What denomination of Christianity was common in Constantinople?", "id": "5a63406b68151a001a9222a2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Greek Orthodox", "answer_start": 647}], "question": "Which denomination of Christianity was most common during the Roman Empire?", "id": "5a63406b68151a001a9222a3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Due to the historical break of the Christian Church", "answer_start": 227}], "question": "Why are different branches of Christianity spread evenly over Europe?", "id": "5a63406b68151a001a9222a4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The predominant religion is southern Europe is Christianity. Christianity spread throughout Southern Europe during the Roman Empire, and Christianity was adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire in the year 380 AD. Due to the historical break of the Christian Church into the western half based in Rome and the eastern half based in Constantinople, different branches of Christianity are prodominent in different parts of Europe. Christians in the western half of Southern Europe \u2014 e.g., Portugal, Spain, Italy \u2014 are generally Roman Catholic. Christians in the eastern half of Southern Europe \u2014 e.g., Greece, Macedonia \u2014 are generally Greek Orthodox."}]], [["Saluran televisyen BBC domestik disiarkan tanpa sebarang pengiklanan komersial dan secara kolektif mereka menyumbang lebih daripada 30% dari semua tontonan UK. Perkhidmatan ini dibiayai oleh lesen televisyen. <> Berapa peratus penonton di UK ditubuhkan oleh BBC? || 30% <> Apakah saluran BBC disiarkan tanpa? || <> Berapa banyak tontonan UK buat akaun BCB tempatan? || <> Apakah perkhidmatan komersial yang dibiayai oleh? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of viewership across the UK is constituted by the BBC?", "id": "56de620fcffd8e1900b4b842", "answers": [{"text": "30%", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "commercial advertising", "answer_start": 66}], "question": "What are BBC channels broadcast without?", "id": "5a831244e60761001a2eb373", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "30%", "answer_start": 133}], "question": "How much UK viewing do domestic BCB channels account for?", "id": "5a831244e60761001a2eb374", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a television licence", "answer_start": 183}], "question": "What are commercial services funded by?", "id": "5a831244e60761001a2eb375", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The domestic TV BBC television channels are broadcast without any commercial advertising and collectively they account for more than 30% of all UK viewing. The services are funded by a television licence."}], ["Pada mulanya, julat stesen secara rasmi 40 km radius pemancar Alexandra Palace-dalam amalan, bagaimanapun, transmisi dapat dijemput jauh lebih jauh, dan pada satu ketika pada tahun 1938 telah dijemput oleh jurutera di RCA di New York, yang bereksperimen dengan set televisyen British. <> Seberapa jauh dari studionya yang boleh disiarkan oleh BBC pada asalnya? || 40 kilometer <> Dalam tahun berapa siaran BBC dilihat di Amerika Syarikat? || 1938 <> Syarikat apa jurutera A.S. yang melihat kerja penyiaran BBC? || RCA <> Apa yang digunakan oleh pekerja RCA untuk menerima isyarat BBC? || satu set televisyen British <> Apa 40 kilometer dari pemancar Alexandra Palace? || <> Apa yang telah dijemput pada tahun 1940 oleh para jurutera di RCA di New York? || <> Apa jurutera yang bereksperimen dengan Alexandra? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How far from its studio could the BBC's broadcast originally reach?", "id": "56de6a2e4396321400ee28ad", "answers": [{"text": "40 kilometres", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year were BBC broadcasts seen in the United States?", "id": "56de6a2e4396321400ee28ae", "answers": [{"text": "1938", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company did the U.S. engineers who saw the BBC broadcast work for?", "id": "56de6a2e4396321400ee28af", "answers": [{"text": "RCA", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the RCA employees use in order to receive the BBC signal?", "id": "56de6a2e4396321400ee28b0", "answers": [{"text": "a British television set", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the station's range", "answer_start": 11}], "question": "What was 40 kilometers away from the Alexandra Palace transmitter?", "id": "5a83215fe60761001a2eb425", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "transmissions", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "What was picked up in 1940 by engineers at RCA in New York?", "id": "5a83215fe60761001a2eb426", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a British television set.", "answer_start": 290}], "question": "What were engineers experimenting with in Alexandra?", "id": "5a83215fe60761001a2eb427", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Initially, the station's range was officially a 40 kilometres radius of the Alexandra Palace transmitter\u2014in practice, however, transmissions could be picked up a good deal further away, and on one occasion in 1938 were picked up by engineers at RCA in New York, who were experimenting with a British television set."}], ["Kedua-dua sistem ini akan dijalankan secara percubaan selama enam bulan; set televisyen awal menyokong kedua-dua resolusi. Walau bagaimanapun, sistem Baird, yang menggunakan kamera mekanikal untuk pengaturcaraan difilemkan dan kamera penularan imej Farnsworth untuk pengaturcaraan langsung, terbukti terlalu rumit dan kurang jelas, dan berakhir dengan tertutup (pada jam 22:00) pada hari Sabtu 13 Februari 1937. <Untuk lama adakah sistem penyiaran BBC berbeza? || enam bulan <> Kamera macam mana yang digunakan untuk menyiarkan rancangan langsung di bawah sistem Baird? || Pembangkang imej Farnsworth <> Bilakah sistem Baird secara rasmi ditinggalkan? || 13 Februari 1937 <> Berapa lamakah dua sistem dijalankan pada dasar percubaan? || <> Jenis kamera apa yang digunakan oleh pembangkang imej Baird? || <> Apa yang berakhir pada hari Sabtu 17 Februari 1933? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "For how long did the BBC alternate different broadcasting systems?", "id": "56de69b84396321400ee28a7", "answers": [{"text": "six months", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of camera was used to broadcast live shows under the Baird system?", "id": "56de69b84396321400ee28a8", "answers": [{"text": "Farnsworth image dissector", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Baird system officially abandoned?", "id": "56de69b84396321400ee28a9", "answers": [{"text": "13 February 1937", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "six months", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "How long did two systems run on a trial basis for?", "id": "5a83202ae60761001a2eb415", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mechanical camera", "answer_start": 151}], "question": "What type of camera did the Baird image dissector use?", "id": "5a83202ae60761001a2eb416", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Baird system, which used a mechanical camera for filmed programming and Farnsworth image dissector", "answer_start": 120}], "question": "What ended on Saturday 17 February 1933?", "id": "5a83202ae60761001a2eb417", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The two systems were to run on a trial basis for six months; early television sets supported both resolutions. However, the Baird system, which used a mechanical camera for filmed programming and Farnsworth image dissector cameras for live programming, proved too cumbersome and visually inferior, and ended with closedown (at 22:00) on Saturday 13 February 1937. "}], ["BBC mengendalikan beberapa rangkaian televisyen, stesen televisyen (walaupun terdapat perbezaan yang sangat sedikit antara kedua-dua istilah di UK), dan perkhidmatan pengaturcaraan yang berkaitan di United Kingdom. Sebagai penyiar, syarikat itu juga menghasilkan sebilangan besar program sendiri di dalam rumah, dengan itu kedudukan sebagai salah satu syarikat pengeluaran televisyen terbesar di dunia. <> Sebagai hasil menunjukkan bahawa BBC itu sendiri mencipta, itu adalah salah satu yang terbesar? || syarikat pengeluaran televisyen <> Di mana BBC mengendalikan beberapa rangkaian stesen? || <> Apa dua istilah terdapat perbezaan antara? || <> Apa yang dikatakan sebagai salah satu syarikat pengeluaran televisyen terbesar di United Kingdom? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "As a result of shows that the BBC itself creates, it is one of the biggest what?", "id": "56de626d4396321400ee2866", "answers": [{"text": "television production companies", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United Kingdom", "answer_start": 193}], "question": "Where does the BBC operate several station networks?", "id": "5a83141fe60761001a2eb379", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "television networks, television stations", "answer_start": 25}], "question": "What two terms are there distinction between?", "id": "5a83141fe60761001a2eb37a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The BBC", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What ranks as one of the United Kingdom's largest television production companies?", "id": "5a83141fe60761001a2eb37b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The BBC operates several television networks, television stations (although there is generally very little distinction between the two terms in the UK), and related programming services in the United Kingdom. As well as being a broadcaster, the corporation also produces a large number of its own programmes in-house, thereby ranking as one of the world's largest television production companies."}], ["BBC Television adalah perkhidmatan dari British Broadcasting Corporation. Perbadanan yang telah beroperasi di United Kingdom di bawah syarat-syarat Piagam Diraja sejak tahun 1927, telah menghasilkan program televisyen sendiri sejak tahun 1932, walaupun permulaan penyiaran perkhidmatan tetapnya pada tarikh 2 November 1936. <> Apa adalah akronim bagi British Broadcasting Corporation? || BBC <> Di bawah naungan apa yang ada di BBC? || Piagam Diraja <> Bilakah BBC mula mencipta pengaturcaraan sendiri? || 1932 <> Pada tarikh apa BBC menjadi siaran TV biasa? || 2 November 1936 <> Di negara apakah BBC beribu pejabat? || United Kingdom <> Jenis charter apa yang BBC beroperasi sejak tahun 1932? || <> BBC telah menghasilkan apa sejak tahun 1927? || <> Apakah tarikh 3 November 1926 menandakan? || <> Apakah perkhidmatan BCB Television? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the acronym for British Broadcasting Corporation?", "id": "56de61a3cffd8e1900b4b838", "answers": [{"text": "BBC", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Under what auspices does the BBC exist?", "id": "56de61a3cffd8e1900b4b839", "answers": [{"text": "Royal charter", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the BBC start creating its own programming?", "id": "56de61a3cffd8e1900b4b83a", "answers": [{"text": "1932", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did the BBC being its regular TV broadcasts?", "id": "56de61a3cffd8e1900b4b83b", "answers": [{"text": "2 November 1936", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what country is the BBC headquartered?", "id": "56de61a3cffd8e1900b4b83c", "answers": [{"text": "United Kingdom", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Royal", "answer_start": 148}], "question": "What type of charter has the BBC operated under since 1932?", "id": "5a8310f7e60761001a2eb359", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "television programmes", "answer_start": 187}], "question": "The BBC has produced what since 1927?", "id": "5a8310f7e60761001a2eb35a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the start of its regular service of television broadcasts", "answer_start": 243}], "question": "What does the date of 3 November 1926 signify?", "id": "5a8310f7e60761001a2eb35b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "British Broadcasting Corporation", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "What is BCB Television a service of?", "id": "5a8310f7e60761001a2eb35c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "BBC Television is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation. The corporation, which has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a Royal charter since 1927, has produced television programmes from its own since 1932, although the start of its regular service of television broadcasts is dated to 2 November 1936."}], ["BBC memulakan pengaturcaraan televisyennya sendiri dari bawah tanah Broadcasting House, London, pada 22 Ogos 1932. Studio itu berpindah ke lebih banyak tempat di 16 Portland Place, London, pada Februari 1934, dan terus menyiarkan gambar 30 baris, yang dibawa oleh talian telefon kepada pemancar gelombang sederhana di Brookmans Park, sehingga 11 September 1935, di mana masa kemajuan dalam sistem televisyen semua elektronik membuat siaran elektromekanik usang. <> Di mana studio pertama BBC terletak? || Broadcasting House, London <> Apakah medium yang membawa isyarat BBC kepada pemancar? || talian telefon <> Istilah apa yang menyentuh jenis siaran yang dibuat oleh BBC sebelum lewat tahun 1935? || elektromekanik <> Dimana studio kedua BBC terletak? || 16 Portland Place, London <> Bilakah studio BBC pertama menukar? || Februari 1934 <> Apakah BBC bermula pada 30 Ogos 1932? || <> Dimana studio bergerak ke bulan Februari 1935? || <> Bilakah imej 35 baris disiarkan sehingga? || <> Apa yang dibawa dari pemancar gelombang sederhana ke talian telefon? || <> Taman apa yang terdapat dalam talian telefon? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was the BBC's first studio located?", "id": "56de66ce4396321400ee2889", "answers": [{"text": "Broadcasting House, London", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the medium that brought the BBC's signal to the transmitter?", "id": "56de66ce4396321400ee288a", "answers": [{"text": "telephone line", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term characterizes the type of broadcast made by the BBC prior to late 1935?", "id": "56de66ce4396321400ee288b", "answers": [{"text": "electromechanical", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the BBC's second studio located?", "id": "56de66ce4396321400ee288c", "answers": [{"text": "16 Portland Place, London", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the BBC first change studios?", "id": "56de66ce4396321400ee288d", "answers": [{"text": "February 1934", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "its own regular television programming", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "What did the BBC begin on 30 August 1932?", "id": "5a83182ce60761001a2eb3e3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "16 Portland Place, London", "answer_start": 160}], "question": "Where did the studio move to in February 1935?", "id": "5a83182ce60761001a2eb3e4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "11 September 1935", "answer_start": 334}], "question": "When were 35-line images broadcast until?", "id": "5a83182ce60761001a2eb3e5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "30-line images", "answer_start": 236}], "question": "What was carried from medium wave transmitters to telephone lines?", "id": "5a83182ce60761001a2eb3e6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Brookmans Park", "answer_start": 312}], "question": "What park were the telephone lines located in?", "id": "5a83182ce60761001a2eb3e7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The BBC began its own regular television programming from the basement of Broadcasting House, London, on 22 August 1932. The studio moved to larger quarters in 16 Portland Place, London, in February 1934, and continued broadcasting the 30-line images, carried by telephone line to the medium wave transmitter at Brookmans Park, until 11 September 1935, by which time advances in all-electronic television systems made the electromechanical broadcasts obsolete."}], ["Pada 1 September 1939, dua hari sebelum Britain mengisytiharkan perang ke Jerman, stesen itu telah ditiup udara dengan sedikit amaran; kerajaan prihatin bahawa transmisi VHF akan bertindak sebagai penunjuk kepada pesawat musuh di London. Selain itu, banyak kakitangan teknikal dan jurutera perkhidmatan televisyen akan diperlukan untuk usaha perang, khususnya dalam program radar. Program terakhir yang dihantar adalah kartun Mickey Mouse, Mickey's Gala Premier (1933), yang diikuti dengan transmisi ujian; akaun ini menafikan memori popular mengikut yang penyiaran digantung sebelum akhir kartun. <> Apakah ketakutan British dapat memberi panduan kepada pasukan udara Jerman? || VHF transmisi <> Apa bahagian tentera yang banyak orang yang bekerja untuk BBC berakhir berkhidmat? || program radar <> Apakah perkara terakhir yang dipaparkan di BBC sebelum ia ditutup untuk perang? || Mickey's Gala Premier <> Bilakah kebanyakan orang tersilap mengingatkan siaran terakhir sebagai telah berakhir? || sebelum akhir kartun <> Hari apa Britain mengisytiharkan perang ke Jerman? || <> Tahun apa ditulis oleh Mickey's Gala Premier? || <> Apakah stesen yang berkenaan dengan penghantaran VHF? || <> Berapa banyak kakitangan radar teknikal perkhidmatan televisyen yang diperlukan dalam usaha perang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the British fear could provide guidance to the German air force?", "id": "56de7997cffd8e1900b4b954", "answers": [{"text": "VHF transmissions", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of the military did many people working for the BBC end up serving in?", "id": "56de7997cffd8e1900b4b955", "answers": [{"text": "the radar programme", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the final thing shown on the BBC before it was shut down for the war?", "id": "56de7997cffd8e1900b4b956", "answers": [{"text": "Mickey's Gala Premier", "answer_start": 440}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did most people mistakenly remember the last broadcast as having ended?", "id": "56de7997cffd8e1900b4b957", "answers": [{"text": "before the end of the cartoon", "answer_start": 598}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1 September 1939", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "What day did Britain declare war on Germany?", "id": "5a8326f2e60761001a2eb449", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1933", "answer_start": 463}], "question": "What year was Mickey's Gala Premier written?", "id": "5a8326f2e60761001a2eb44a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "VHF transmissions would act as a beacon to enemy aircraft homing in on London.", "answer_start": 159}], "question": "What was the station concerned about with regard to VHF transmissions?", "id": "5a8326f2e60761001a2eb44b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "engineers", "answer_start": 297}], "question": "What were many of the television service's technical radar staff needed for in the war effort?", "id": "5a8326f2e60761001a2eb44c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On 1 September 1939, two days before Britain declared war on Germany, the station was taken off air with little warning; the government was concerned that the VHF transmissions would act as a beacon to enemy aircraft homing in on London. Also, many of the television service's technical staff and engineers would be needed for the war effort, in particular on the radar programme. The last programme transmitted was a Mickey Mouse cartoon, Mickey's Gala Premier (1933), which was followed by test transmissions; this account refuted the popular memory according to which broadcasting was suspended before the end of the cartoon."}], ["Selepas satu siri transmisi ujian dan siaran khas yang bermula pada bulan Ogos, siaran televisyen BBC secara reguler disambung semula pada 1 Oktober 1936, dari sayap Alexandra Palace di London, yang menempatkan dua studio, pelbagai kedai pemandangan, kawasan solek, berpakaian bilik, pejabat, dan pemancar itu sendiri, kini menyiarkan di jalur VHF. Pada awalnya, televisyen BBC menggunakan dua sistem, pada minggu-minggu alternatif: sistem filem perantaraan Baird 240 baris dan sistem Marconi-EMI 405 barisan, masing-masing menjadikan BBC perkhidmatan televisyen definisi tinggi biasa yang pertama di dunia, menyiarkan hari Isnin hingga Sabtu dari 15: 00 hingga 16:00 dan 21:00 hingga 22:00. <> Di mana BBC terus menyiarkan dari pada bulan Oktober tahun 1936? || Istana Alexandra <> Band frekuensi apa yang digunakan oleh BBC bermula pada tahun 1936? || VHF <> Berapa banyak garisan penyebaran Baird? || 240 <> Berapa banyak talian penghantaran Marconi-EMI? || 405 <> Pada hari berapa BBC menyediakan siaran biasa? || Isnin hingga Sabtu <> Apa yang dilancarkan secara rasmi pada 1 Ogos 1936? || <> Apa pejabat pemandangan dan kedai solekan? || <> Pada jadual apakah sistem 405 barisan Baird dan sistem Marconi 240 baris yang digunakan? || <> Jenis perkhidmatan yang disiarkan dari pukul 15:00 hingga 21:00? || <> Apa penyiaran pada band VFH? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did the BBC continue broadcasting from in October of 1936?", "id": "56de679e4396321400ee2893", "answers": [{"text": "Alexandra Palace", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What frequency band was used by the BBC starting in 1936?", "id": "56de679e4396321400ee2894", "answers": [{"text": "VHF", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many lines did the Baird transmission contain?", "id": "56de679e4396321400ee2895", "answers": [{"text": "240", "answer_start": 426}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many lines did the Marconi-EMI transmission contain?", "id": "56de679e4396321400ee2896", "answers": [{"text": "405", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what days did the BBC provide regular broadcasts?", "id": "56de679e4396321400ee2897", "answers": [{"text": "Monday to Saturday", "answer_start": 598}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "regular BBC television broadcasts", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "What officially resumed on 1 August 1936?", "id": "5a831a9be60761001a2eb3ed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Alexandra Palace", "answer_start": 179}], "question": "What housed scenery offices and make-up stores?", "id": "5a831a9be60761001a2eb3ee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "on alternate weeks", "answer_start": 402}], "question": "On what schedule were the 405-line Baird system and the 240-line Marconi system used?", "id": "5a831a9be60761001a2eb3ef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "high-definition", "answer_start": 549}], "question": "What type of service was broadcast from 15:00 to 21:00?", "id": "5a831a9be60761001a2eb3f0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the transmitter", "answer_start": 301}], "question": "What was broadcasting on the VFH band?", "id": "5a831a9be60761001a2eb3f1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "After a series of test transmissions and special broadcasts that began in August, regular BBC television broadcasts officially resumed on 1 October 1936, from a converted wing of Alexandra Palace in London, which housed two studios, various scenery stores, make-up areas, dressing rooms, offices, and the transmitter itself, now broadcasting on the VHF band. BBC television initially used two systems, on alternate weeks: the 240-line Baird intermediate film system and the 405-line Marconi-EMI system, each making the BBC the world's first regular high-definition television service, broadcasting Monday to Saturday from 15:00 to 16:00 and 21:00 to 22:00."}], ["Baird Television Ltd. membuat siaran televisyen pertama Britain, pada 30 September 1929 dari studionya di Long Acre, London, melalui pemancar London BBC, menggunakan sistem elektromekanik yang dipelopori oleh John Logie Baird. Sistem ini menggunakan imej 30-baris yang diimbas secara menegak - hanya resolusi cukup untuk menutup satu orang, dan dengan bandwidth cukup rendah untuk menggunakan pemancar radio yang sedia ada. Penghantaran bunyi dan gambar serentak telah dicapai pada 30 Mac 1930, dengan menggunakan pemancar kembar BBC yang baru di Brookmans Park. Pada lewat 1930, program 30 minit pagi disiarkan dari Isnin hingga Jumaat, dan 30 minit pada tengah malam pada hari Selasa dan Jumaat, selepas radio BBC melepaskan udara. Siaran Baird melalui BBC berterusan sehingga Jun 1932. <> Pada tarikh apakah rancangan TV pertama yang dilihat di UK? || 30 September 1929 <> Dari mana rancangan TV pertama di UK disiarkan? || Long Acre, London <> Berapa banyak baris yang membentuk gambar pada siaran TV terawal di Britain? || 30 <> Bilakah Baird berhenti menunjukkan programnya di BBC? || Jun 1932 <> Bilakah kedua-dua audio dan video disiarkan pada masa yang sama? || 30 Mac 1930 <> Apa yang telah dibuat pada 29 September 1930? || <> Apa yang digunakan, yang dibuat oleh Logie John Baird, untuk menjadikan siaran televisyen pertama Britain? || <> Apa yang telah dicapai pada 30 Mac 1932? || <> Tahun apa radio BBC melepaskan udara? || <> Apa yang berterusan sehingga Jun 1930? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the first TV show seen in the UK?", "id": "56de62fc4396321400ee2869", "answers": [{"text": "30 September 1929", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From where was the first TV show in the UK broadcasted?", "id": "56de62fc4396321400ee286a", "answers": [{"text": "Long Acre, London", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many lines made up the picture on Britain's earliest TV broadcasts?", "id": "56de62fc4396321400ee286b", "answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Baird cease showing its programs on BBC?", "id": "56de62fc4396321400ee286c", "answers": [{"text": "June 1932", "answer_start": 751}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were both audio and video first broadcasted at the same time?", "id": "56de62fc4396321400ee286d", "answers": [{"text": "30 March 1930", "answer_start": 466}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Britain's first television broadcast", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "What was made on 29 September 1930?", "id": "5a8315c1e60761001a2eb3b1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the electromechanical system", "answer_start": 164}], "question": "What was used, created by Logie John Baird, to make the Britain's first television broadcast?", "id": "5a8315c1e60761001a2eb3b2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Simultaneous transmission of sound and picture", "answer_start": 403}], "question": "What was achieved on 30 March 1932?", "id": "5a8315c1e60761001a2eb3b3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1930", "answer_start": 548}], "question": "What year did BBC radio go off the air?", "id": "5a8315c1e60761001a2eb3b4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Baird broadcasts via the BBC", "answer_start": 706}], "question": "What continued until June 1930?", "id": "5a8315c1e60761001a2eb3b5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Baird Television Ltd. made Britain's first television broadcast, on 30 September 1929 from its studio in Long Acre, London, via the BBC's London transmitter, using the electromechanical system pioneered by John Logie Baird. This system used a vertically-scanned image of 30 lines \u2013 just enough resolution for a close-up of one person, and with a bandwidth low enough to use existing radio transmitters. Simultaneous transmission of sound and picture was achieved on 30 March 1930, by using the BBC's new twin transmitter at Brookmans Park. By late 1930, 30 minutes of morning programmes were broadcast Monday to Friday, and 30 minutes at midnight on Tuesdays and Fridays, after BBC radio went off the air. Baird broadcasts via the BBC continued until June 1932."}], ["Siaran televisyen 30-line oleh John Logie Baird secara mekanikal diawasi oleh John Logie Baird pada tahun 1929, menggunakan pemancar BBC di London, dan pada tahun 1930, jadwal program teratur ditransmisikan dari antena BBC di Brookmans Park. Pengeluaran televisyen telah dialihkan dari syarikat Baird kepada apa yang kini dikenali sebagai BBC One pada 2 Ogos 1932, dan diteruskan sehingga September 1935. Televisyen yang diawakan secara elektronik secara elektronik bermula dari Alexandra Palace di London pada 2 November 1936, hanya beberapa ratus penonton di kawasan terdekat. Siaran program pertama - dan dengan itu yang pertama kali, di saluran TV khusus - adalah \"Pembukaan Perkhidmatan Televisyen BBC\" pada pukul 15:00. Siaran luar utama pertama ialah penobatan Raja George VI dan Queen Elizabeth pada bulan Mei 1937. Perkhidmatan ini telah sampai ke 25,000-40,000 rumah sebelum kejadian Perang Dunia II yang menyebabkan perkhidmatan itu digantung pada September 1939. Siaran VHF akan menyediakan suar radio yang sesuai untuk para pengebom Jerman di London, dan jurutera dan juruteknik perkhidmatan itu diperlukan untuk usaha perang, khususnya program radar. <> Di manakah pemancar BBC yang terletak pada tahun 1930? || Brookmans Park <> Bilakah BBC memulakan penyiaran di bawah nama BBC One? || 2 Ogos 1932 <> Apakah tajuk pertunjukan pertama yang dilihat di BBC? || Pembukaan Perkhidmatan Televisyen BBC <> Yang mana ahli royalti British dilihat di BBC pada bulan Mei 1937? || Raja George VI dan Queen Elizabeth <> Bilakah BBC berhenti siaran kerana Perang Dunia II? || September 1939 <> Berapa tahun siaran televisyen 30-baris oleh Logie John Baird bermula? || <> Bilakah BBC One ditubuhkan? || <> Apa yang bermula pada 2 November 1935? || <> Acara siaran apa yang berlaku pada September 1939? || <> Apa yang berlaku pada perkhidmatan pada bulan Mei 1939? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was the BBC's transmitter located in 1930?", "id": "56de7613cffd8e1900b4b944", "answers": [{"text": "Brookmans Park", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the BBC start broadcasting under the name BBC One?", "id": "56de7613cffd8e1900b4b945", "answers": [{"text": "2 August 1932", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the title of the first show seen on the BBC?", "id": "56de7613cffd8e1900b4b946", "answers": [{"text": "Opening of the BBC Television Service", "answer_start": 622}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which members of British royalty were seen on the BBC in May of 1937?", "id": "56de7613cffd8e1900b4b947", "answers": [{"text": "King George VI and Queen Elizabeth", "answer_start": 727}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the BBC cease broadcasts due to World War II?", "id": "56de7613cffd8e1900b4b948", "answers": [{"text": "September 1939", "answer_start": 913}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1929", "answer_start": 81}], "question": "What year did 30-line television broadcasts by Logie John Baird begin?", "id": "5a832318e60761001a2eb43f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2 August 1932", "answer_start": 316}], "question": "When was BBC One established? ", "id": "5a832318e60761001a2eb440", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Regularly scheduled electronically scanned television", "answer_start": 367}], "question": "What began on 2 November 1935?", "id": "5a832318e60761001a2eb441", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth", "answer_start": 713}], "question": "What broadcast event took place in September 1939?", "id": "5a832318e60761001a2eb442", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "service to be suspended", "answer_start": 886}], "question": "What happened to service in May of 1939?", "id": "5a832318e60761001a2eb443", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Mechanically scanned, 30-line television broadcasts by John Logie Baird began in 1929, using the BBC transmitter in London, and by 1930 a regular schedule of programmes was transmitted from the BBC antenna in Brookmans Park. Television production was switched from Baird's company to what is now known as BBC One on 2 August 1932, and continued until September 1935. Regularly scheduled electronically scanned television began from Alexandra Palace in London on 2 November 1936, to just a few hundred viewers in the immediate area. The first programme broadcast \u2013 and thus the first ever, on a dedicated TV channel \u2013 was \"Opening of the BBC Television Service\" at 15:00. The first major outside broadcast was the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in May 1937. The service was reaching an estimated 25,000\u201340,000 homes before the outbreak of World War II which caused the service to be suspended in September 1939. The VHF broadcasts would have provided an ideal radio beacon for German bombers homing in on London, and the engineers and technicians of the service would be needed for the war effort, in particular the radar programme."}], ["Menurut angka dari Persatuan Pengilang Radio Britain, 18,999 set televisyen telah dihasilkan dari tahun 1936 hingga September 1939, ketika pengeluaran dihentikan oleh perang. <> Berapa banyak TV dibuat antara tahun 1936 dan permulaan perang pada tahun 1939? || 18,999 <> Berapa banyak set televisyen telah dikeluarkan pada tahun 1939? || <> Bilakah penghasilan set radio berakhir? || <> Apa yang menyebabkan berhenti dalam pengeluaran set radio? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many TVs were made between 1936 and the start of the war in 1939?", "id": "56de79d34396321400ee293b", "answers": [{"text": "18,999", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "18,999", "answer_start": 69}], "question": "How many television sets had been manufactured by 1939?", "id": "5a832794e60761001a2eb45b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "September 1939", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "When did production of radio sets end?", "id": "5a832794e60761001a2eb45c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the war", "answer_start": 173}], "question": "What caused the halt in production of radio sets?", "id": "5a832794e60761001a2eb45d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to figures from Britain's Radio Manufacturers Association, 18,999 television sets had been manufactured from 1936 to September 1939, when production was halted by the war."}], ["Perlindungan siaran pasca kemudian dilanjutkan ke Birmingham pada tahun 1949 dengan pembukaan stesen pemancar Sutton Coldfield, dan pada pertengahan tahun 1950-an kebanyakan negara telah dilindungi, menyebarkan imej interval 405 baris pada VHF. bandar menerima isyarat BBC bermula pada tahun 1949? || Birmingham <> Kemudahan yang membawa penghantaran BBC ke Birmingham? || Stesen penyiaran Sutton Coldfield <> Imej jenis apa yang disiarkan oleh BBC pada pertengahan '50s? || 405-line image interlaced <> Pada apa jalur frekuensi penyiaran BBC pada tahun 1950-an? || VHF <> Berapa tahun liputan penyiaran dilanjutkan ke Sutton? || <> Stesen penyiaran Birmingham Coldfield membantu menampung kawasan pada tahun 1949? || <> Apakah liputan selepas perang terdiri daripada? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What city received BBC signals starting in 1949?", "id": "56de7aaa4396321400ee2947", "answers": [{"text": "Birmingham", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which facility brought the BBC's transmissions to Birmingham?", "id": "56de7aaa4396321400ee2948", "answers": [{"text": "Sutton Coldfield transmitting station", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of image was broadcasted by the BBC by the mid-'50s?", "id": "56de7aaa4396321400ee2949", "answers": [{"text": "405-line interlaced image", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what frequency band was the BBC broadcasting in thie 1950s?", "id": "56de7aaa4396321400ee294a", "answers": [{"text": "VHF", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 57}], "question": "What year was broadcast coverage extended to Sutton?", "id": "5a832af9e60761001a2eb499", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sutton", "answer_start": 86}], "question": "The Coldfield Birmingham transmitting station helped cover what area in 1949?", "id": "5a832af9e60761001a2eb49a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a 405-line interlaced image on VHF", "answer_start": 192}], "question": "What did postwar coverage consist of?", "id": "5a832af9e60761001a2eb49b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Postwar broadcast coverage was extended to Birmingham in 1949 with the opening of the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station, and by the mid-1950s most of the country was covered, transmitting a 405-line interlaced image on VHF.[original research?]"}], ["Pada tahun 1967 kartun Tom dan Jerry pertama kali disiarkan di BBC One, dengan sekitar 2 episod yang ditayangkan setiap petang pada jam 17:00, dengan pameran pagi pada CBBC. BBC berhenti menyiarkan duo kartun yang terkenal pada tahun 2000. <Saat kelahiran pertama Tom dan Jerry di BBC One? || 1967 <> Bilakah siaran akhir Tom dan Jerry? || 2000 <> Berapa banyak episod Tom dan Jerry ditunjukkan pada waktu petang? || 2 <> Pada saluran apakah yang ditunjukkan oleh Tom dan Jerry pada waktu pagi? || CBBC <> Apa kartun pertama disiarkan pada tahun 1976? || <> Saluran apa yang menunjukkan kartun setiap pagi? || <> Berapa banyak episod yang ditunjukkan pada waktu pagi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the first broadcast of Tom and Jerry on BBC One?", "id": "56de7e1d4396321400ee2973", "answers": [{"text": "1967", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the final broadcast of Tom and Jerry?", "id": "56de7e1d4396321400ee2974", "answers": [{"text": "2000", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many episodes of Tom and Jerry were shown in the evenings?", "id": "56de7e1d4396321400ee2975", "answers": [{"text": "2", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what channel was Tom and Jerry sometimes shown in the mornings?", "id": "56de7e1d4396321400ee2976", "answers": [{"text": "CBBC", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tom and Jerry cartoons", "answer_start": 8}], "question": "What cartoons first aired in 1976?", "id": "5a834fb0e60761001a2eb55f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CBBC", "answer_start": 144}], "question": "What channel showed the cartoons every morning?", "id": "5a834fb0e60761001a2eb560", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2 episodes", "answer_start": 67}], "question": "How many episodes were shown in the mornings?", "id": "5a834fb0e60761001a2eb561", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1967 Tom and Jerry cartoons first aired on BBC One, with around 2 episodes shown every evening at 17:00, with occasional morning showings on CBBC. The BBC stopped airing the famous cartoon duo in 2000."}], ["David Attenborough kemudiannya diberikan cuti sabatikal dari tugasnya sebagai Pengawal untuk bekerja dengan BBC Natural History Unit yang telah wujud sejak tahun 1950-an. Unit ini kini terkenal di seluruh dunia untuk menghasilkan program berkualiti tinggi dengan Attenborough seperti Life on Earth, The Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, Life of Mamalia, Planet Earth dan Planet Beku. <> Kumpulan mana yang David bergabung dengan Sabbatical? || BBC Natural History Unit <> Bilakah Unit Sejarah Alam BBC wujud? || 1950-an <> Apa beberapa menunjukkan bahawa Attenborough dicipta dengan Unit Sejarah Alam BBC? || Kehidupan di Bumi, Kehidupan Swasta, Planet Biru, Kehidupan Mamalia, Planet Bumi dan Planet Beku <> Yang menyertai Unit Sejarah BBC? || <> Siapa yang menulis Kehidupan di Bumi, Kehidupan Swasta, Planet Biru, Kehidupan Mamalia, Planet Bumi dan Planet Beku? || <> Bilakah David Attenborough mengambil cuti sabatikalnya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which group did David Attenborough join while on sabbatical?", "id": "56de7eb84396321400ee297b", "answers": [{"text": "BBC Natural History Unit", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the BBC Natural History Unit come into existence?", "id": "56de7eb84396321400ee297c", "answers": [{"text": "the 1950s", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some shows that Attenborough created with the BBC Natural History Unit?", "id": "56de7eb84396321400ee297d", "answers": [{"text": "Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "David Attenborough", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who joined the BBC History Unit?", "id": "5a8351a3e60761001a2eb577", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "David Attenborough", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who wrote Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet?", "id": "5a8351a3e60761001a2eb578", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1950s", "answer_start": 151}], "question": "When did David Attenborough take his sabbatical leave?", "id": "5a8351a3e60761001a2eb579", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "David Attenborough was later granted sabbatical leave from his job as Controller to work with the BBC Natural History Unit which had existed since the 1950s. This unit is now famed throughout the world for producing high quality programmes with Attenborough such as Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet."}], ["Pelancaran televisyen bermula dari Alexandra Palace pada tahun 1946. Perkhidmatan Televisyen BBC (dinamakan semula sebagai \"BBC tv\" pada tahun 1960) menunjukkan pengaturcaraan popular, termasuk drama, komedi, dokumentari, pertunjukan permainan, dan sinetron, yang meliputi pelbagai genre dan kerap bersaing dengan ITV untuk menjadi saluran dengan penilaian tertinggi untuk minggu itu. Saluran itu juga memperkenalkan rancangan fiksyen sains Doctor Who pada 23 November 1963 - pada 17:16 - yang kemudiannya menjadi salah satu program televisyen Britain yang paling ikonik dan tercinta. <> Apakah nama BBC berubah pada tahun 1960? || BBC tv <> Apakah pesaing utama BBC? || ITV <> Program apa yang dimulakan pada 23 November 1963? || Doktor Siapa <> Di mana siaran BBC dari mengikuti Perang Dunia II? || Istana Alexandra <> Apa yang berlaku dengan transmisi televisyen pada tahun 1964? || <> Apakah BBC Service Television dinamakan semula pada tahun 1960? || <> Apa rancangan diperkenalkan pada 23 November 1973 pada 16:16? || <> Apa yang dilakukan BBC dengan rangkaian, IVT? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the BBC changed to in 1960?", "id": "56de7c51cffd8e1900b4b972", "answers": [{"text": "BBC tv", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the BBC's main competitor?", "id": "56de7c51cffd8e1900b4b973", "answers": [{"text": "ITV", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What program debuted on November 23, 1963?", "id": "56de7c51cffd8e1900b4b974", "answers": [{"text": "Doctor Who", "answer_start": 396}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the BBC broadcast from following World War II?", "id": "56de7c51cffd8e1900b4b975", "answers": [{"text": "Alexandra Palace", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "resumed from Alexandra Palace", "answer_start": 25}], "question": "What happened with television transmissions in 1964?", "id": "5a8349eae60761001a2eb513", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BBC tv", "answer_start": 101}], "question": "What was BBC Service Television renamed in 1960?", "id": "5a8349eae60761001a2eb514", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Doctor Who", "answer_start": 396}], "question": "What show was introduced on 23 November 1973 at 16:16?", "id": "5a8349eae60761001a2eb515", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "competed with", "answer_start": 263}], "question": "What did the BBC do with the network, IVT?", "id": "5a8349eae60761001a2eb516", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Television transmissions resumed from Alexandra Palace in 1946. The BBC Television Service (renamed \"BBC tv\" in 1960) showed popular programming, including drama, comedies, documentaries, game shows, and soap operas, covering a wide range of genres and regularly competed with ITV to become the channel with the highest ratings for that week. The channel also introduced the science fiction show Doctor Who on 23 November 1963 - at 17:16 - which went on to become one of Britain's most iconic and beloved television programmes."}], ["Variasi kebangsaan dan serantau juga berlaku dalam jadual BBC One dan BBC Two. Keluaran BBC One England berpecah kepada lima belas rantau (seperti Selatan Barat dan Timur), yang wujud terutamanya untuk menghasilkan pengaturcaraan berita tempatan, tetapi juga kadang-kala memilih keluar dari rangkaian untuk menunjukkan program kepentingan setempat (seperti peristiwa tempatan utama). Negara-negara lain di United Kingdom (Wales, Scotland dan Ireland Utara) telah diberikan lebih banyak otonomi daripada rangkaian bahasa Inggeris; sebagai contoh, program kebanyakannya diperkenalkan oleh penyiar tempatan, dan bukannya oleh orang-orang di London. BBC One dan BBC Dua jadual di negara lain UK boleh sangat berbeza dari BBC One dan BBC Two di England. <> Berapa banyak kawasan berbeza BBC One menampung dengan penyiaran tersuai? || Lima belas <> Bahagian di mana UK mempunyai lebih banyak kawalan ke atas siaran BBC mereka? || Wales, Scotland dan Ireland Utara <> Siapa tuan rumah menunjukkan siaran BBC di luar England? || penyiar tempatan <> Perlindungan jenis apa yang mungkin diutamakan berbanding pengaturcaraan BBC yang standard? || peristiwa-peristiwa tempatan utama <> Berapa banyak wilayah yang dikeluarkan oleh BBC Two? || <> Apa bandar penyiar Wales, Scotland, dan Ireland Utara kebanyakannya dari? || <> Apa yang berlaku antara jadual BBC kebangsaan dan tempatan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many different areas does BBC One accommodate with customized broadcasting?", "id": "56de81084396321400ee2989", "answers": [{"text": "fifteen", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which parts of the UK have more control over their BBC broadcasts?", "id": "56de81084396321400ee298a", "answers": [{"text": "Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who hosts shows on BBC broadcasts outside of England?", "id": "56de81084396321400ee298b", "answers": [{"text": "local announcers", "answer_start": 529}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of coverage might take precedence over standard BBC programming?", "id": "56de81084396321400ee298c", "answers": [{"text": "major local events", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fifteen regions", "answer_start": 128}], "question": "How many regions is BBC Two's output split up into?", "id": "5a835387e60761001a2eb587", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 571}], "question": "What city are the announcers of Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland mostly from?", "id": "5a835387e60761001a2eb588", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "variations also occur within the BBC One and BBC Two schedules", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "What occurs between national and local BBC schedules?", "id": "5a835387e60761001a2eb589", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "National and regional variations also occur within the BBC One and BBC Two schedules. England's BBC One output is split up into fifteen regions (such as South West and East), which exist mainly to produce local news programming, but also occasionally opt out of the network to show programmes of local importance (such as major local events). The other nations of the United Kingdom (Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland) have been granted more autonomy from the English network; for example, programmes are mostly introduced by local announcers, rather than by those in London. BBC One and BBC Two schedules in the other UK nations can vary immensely from BBC One and BBC Two in England."}], ["BBC Television kembali pada 7 Jun 1946 jam 15:00. Jasmine Bligh, salah seorang penyiar asal, membuat pengumuman pertama, berkata, 'Selamat setiap malam. Apa khabar? Adakah anda masih ingat saya, Jasmine Bligh? '. Kartun Mickey Mouse pada tahun 1939 diulang dua puluh menit kemudian. [Sumber tidak dapat dipercayai?] Alexandra Palace adalah pangkalan saluran hingga awal tahun 1950-an ketika majoriti pengeluaran berpindah ke Lime Grove Studios yang baru diperoleh. > Siapa yang pertama kali bercakap mengenai BBC apabila ia berbalik selepas Perang Dunia II? || Jasmine Bligh <> Pada tarikh apa BBC kembali ke udara selepas Perang Dunia II? || 7 Jun 1946 <> Pada dekad selepas perang, di mana sebahagian besar BBC bergerak ke? || Lime Grove Studios <> Watak apa yang dipaparkan dalam kartun yang disiarkan hari penyiaran BBC telah dipulihkan? || Mickey Mouse <> Apa yang dikembalikan pada 6 Jun 1947? || <> Siapa yang Alexandra Bligh? || <> Studio apa yang menukar suis saluran pada tahun 1946 dari Alexandra Place? || <> Apa kartun 1950 yang disiarkan hari BBC kembali? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the first person to speak on BBC when it was turned back on following World War II?", "id": "56de7a464396321400ee293f", "answers": [{"text": "Jasmine Bligh", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did BBC return to the air after World War II?", "id": "56de7a464396321400ee2940", "answers": [{"text": "7 June 1946", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the decade following the war, where did a large portion of the BBC move to?", "id": "56de7a464396321400ee2941", "answers": [{"text": "Lime Grove Studios", "answer_start": 432}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What character was featured in the cartoon aired the day BBC broadcasting was restored?", "id": "56de7a464396321400ee2942", "answers": [{"text": "Mickey Mouse", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BBC Television", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What returned on 6 June 1947?", "id": "5a8328fee60761001a2eb475", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "one of the original announcers", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "Who was Alexandra Bligh?", "id": "5a8328fee60761001a2eb476", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lime Grove Studios", "answer_start": 432}], "question": "What studio did the channel switch to in 1946 from Alexandra Place?", "id": "5a8328fee60761001a2eb477", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mickey Mouse", "answer_start": 214}], "question": "What 1950's cartoon aired the day BBC returned?", "id": "5a8328fee60761001a2eb478", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "BBC Television returned on 7 June 1946 at 15:00. Jasmine Bligh, one of the original announcers, made the first announcement, saying, 'Good afternoon everybody. How are you? Do you remember me, Jasmine Bligh?'. The Mickey Mouse cartoon of 1939 was repeated twenty minutes later.[unreliable source?] Alexandra Palace was the home base of the channel until the early 1950s when the majority of production moved into the newly acquired Lime Grove Studios.[original research?]"}], ["BBC TV dinamakan semula BBC1 pada tahun 1964, selepas pelancaran BBC2 (kini BBC Two), stesen televisyen ketiga (ITV adalah yang kedua) untuk UK; perbalahannya, untuk menyediakan lebih banyak pengaturcaraan khusus. Saluran itu akan dilancarkan pada 20 April 1964, tetapi ditanggalkan oleh kegagalan kuasa besar yang menjejaskan banyak London, yang disebabkan oleh kebakaran di Stesen Kuasa Battersea. Rekod video yang dibuat pada malam pembukaan ditemui semula pada tahun 2003 oleh seorang juruteknik BBC. Akhirnya pelancaran itu berjalan ke depan pada malam berikutnya, dihoskan oleh Denis Tuohy memegang lilin. BBC2 adalah saluran British pertama menggunakan gambar UHF dan 625-line, memberikan definisi yang lebih tinggi daripada sistem talian VHF 405 yang sedia ada. <> Apakah stesen pertama yang dilancarkan selepas BBC asal? || ITV <> Apakah rangkaian ketiga dimulakan di UK? || BBC2 <> Apa yang menghalang BBC2 daripada penyiaran pada tarikh pelancarannya? || kegagalan kuasa besar <> Di mana punca gangguan kuasa? || Battersea Power Station <> Siapa yang berkhidmat sebagai MC untuk siaran BBC2 pertama? || Denis Tuohy <> Saluran apa yang dilancarkan yang menyebabkan BBC TV dinamakan semula BBC2? || <> Bilakah BBC2 dilancarkan? || <> Dimana api di Battersea Station Power menyebabkan kegagalan kuasa besar? || <> Apa yang ditemui pada tahun 2003 oleh juruteknik ITV? || <> Apakah saluran pertama menggunakan gambar UHF dan 405 talian? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the first station launched after the original BBC?", "id": "56de7cb6cffd8e1900b4b97a", "answers": [{"text": "ITV", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the third network started in the UK?", "id": "56de7cb6cffd8e1900b4b97b", "answers": [{"text": "BBC2", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What prevented BBC2 from broadcasting on its scheduled launch date?", "id": "56de7cb6cffd8e1900b4b97c", "answers": [{"text": "massive power failure", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the cause of the power outage?", "id": "56de7cb6cffd8e1900b4b97d", "answers": [{"text": "Battersea Power Station", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who served as MC for the first BBC2 broadcast?", "id": "56de7cb6cffd8e1900b4b97e", "answers": [{"text": "Denis Tuohy", "answer_start": 503}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BBC1", "answer_start": 19}], "question": "What channel was launched that caused BBC TV to be renamed BBC2?", "id": "5a834bdae60761001a2eb52f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "20 April 1964", "answer_start": 214}], "question": "When was BBC2 launched?", "id": "5a834bdae60761001a2eb530", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 302}], "question": "Where did the fire at Battersea Station Power cause a massive power failure?", "id": "5a834bdae60761001a2eb531", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "A videotape made on the opening night was rediscovered", "answer_start": 355}], "question": "What was discovered in 2003 by an ITV technician?", "id": "5a834bdae60761001a2eb532", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BBC2", "answer_start": 533}], "question": "What was the first channel to use UHF and 405-line pictures?", "id": "5a834bdae60761001a2eb533", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "BBC TV was renamed BBC1 in 1964, after the launch of BBC2 (now BBC Two), the third television station (ITV was the second) for the UK; its remit, to provide more niche programming. The channel was due to launch on 20 April 1964, but was put off the air by a massive power failure that affected much of London, caused by a fire at Battersea Power Station. A videotape made on the opening night was rediscovered in 2003 by a BBC technician. In the end the launch went ahead the following night, hosted by Denis Tuohy holding a candle. BBC2 was the first British channel to use UHF and 625-line pictures, giving higher definition than the existing VHF 405-line system."}], ["Program-program, seperti politik yang memberi Beri Kuasa Kepala (yang dihasilkan oleh BBC Northern Ireland) dan sabun Sungai River (yang dihasilkan oleh BBC Scotland), telah diwujudkan untuk menampung beberapa penonton di negara masing-masing, yang mungkin menemui program dicipta untuk penonton bahasa Inggeris tidak relevan. BBC Scotland menghasilkan program harian untuk penonton berbahasa Gaelic, termasuk hal ehwal semasa, pengaturcaraan politik dan kanak-kanak seperti Euloga dan D\u00e8 a-nis. BBC Wales juga menghasilkan sejumlah besar pengaturcaraan bahasa Welsh untuk S4C, terutamanya berita, sukan dan program lain, terutamanya opera sinetron Pobol y Cwm ('People of the Valley'). Negara-negara UK juga menghasilkan sejumlah program yang ditunjukkan di seluruh UK, seperti siri komedi BBC Scotland Chewin 'the Fat, dan rancangan talk BBC Northern Ireland Patrick Kielty Almost Live. <> Apakah nama rancangan politik yang dipaparkan di BBC di Ireland Utara? || Give My Peace Peace <> Apa nama opera sabun Scotland? || River City <> Bahasa apa yang BBC Scotland menyediakan pengaturcaraan? || Gaelic <> Apa program Gaelic yang terkenal? || E\u00f2rpa dan D\u00e8 a-nis? <> Apakah nama pertunjukan dari Ireland Utara disiarkan di seluruh United Kingdom? || Patrick Kielty Almost Live <> Apa jenis program yang Memberi Kepimpinan Saya Ketua, yang dihasilkan oleh BBC Scotland? || <> Jenis program o Patrick Kielty Almost Live, dipaparkan di BBC Scotland? || <> Apa rancangan kanak-kanak popular yang dihasilkan BBC Wales untuk penonton berbahasa Gaeliknya? || <> Jenis program apa yang River City, yang dihasilkan oleh BBC Northern Ireland? || <> Jenis program apa yang Chewin 'the Fat, yang dipaparkan di BBC Northern Ireland? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of a political show shown on BBC in Northern Ireland?", "id": "56de818dcffd8e1900b4b998", "answers": [{"text": "Give My Head Peace", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of a Scottish soap opera?", "id": "56de818dcffd8e1900b4b999", "answers": [{"text": "River City", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language does BBC Scotland provide programming for?", "id": "56de818dcffd8e1900b4b99a", "answers": [{"text": "Gaelic", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a well-known Gaelic program?", "id": "56de818dcffd8e1900b4b99b", "answers": [{"text": "E\u00f2rpa and D\u00e8 a-nis?", "answer_start": 470}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of a show from Northern Ireland broadcast all over the United Kingdom?", "id": "56de818dcffd8e1900b4b99c", "answers": [{"text": "Patrick Kielty Almost Live", "answer_start": 852}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "politically fuelled", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "What type of program is Give My Head Peace, produced by BBC Scotland?", "id": "5a835545e60761001a2eb5ab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "talk show", "answer_start": 842}], "question": "What type o program is Patrick Kielty Almost Live, shown on BBC Scotland?", "id": "5a835545e60761001a2eb5b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "E\u00f2rpa and D\u00e8 a-nis", "answer_start": 470}], "question": "What popular children's show does BBC Wales produce for its Gaelic-speaking viewers?", "id": "5a835545e60761001a2eb5b9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "soap opera", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "What type of program is River City, produced by BBC Northern Ireland?", "id": "5a835545e60761001a2eb5c0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "comedy series", "answer_start": 784}], "question": "What type of program is Chewin' the Fat, shown on BBC Northern Ireland?", "id": "5a835545e60761001a2eb5c1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Programmes, such as the politically fuelled Give My Head Peace (produced by BBC Northern Ireland) and the soap opera River City (produced by BBC Scotland), have been created specifically to cater for some viewers in their respective nations, who may have found programmes created for English audiences irrelevant. BBC Scotland produces daily programmes for its Gaelic-speaking viewers, including current affairs, political and children's programming such as the popular E\u00f2rpa and D\u00e8 a-nis?. BBC Wales also produces a large amount of Welsh language programming for S4C, particularly news, sport and other programmes, especially the soap opera Pobol y Cwm ('People of the Valley'). The UK nations also produce a number of programmes that are shown across the UK, such as BBC Scotland's comedy series Chewin' the Fat, and BBC Northern Ireland's talk show Patrick Kielty Almost Live."}], ["Pada 1 Julai 1967, BBC Two menjadi saluran televisyen pertama di Eropah untuk disiarkan secara tetap dalam warna, menggunakan sistem PAL Jerman Barat yang masih digunakan hari ini walaupun secara beransur-ansur digantikan oleh sistem digital. (BBC One dan ITV memulakan siaran warna 625 pada serentak pada 15 November 1969). Tidak seperti saluran terestrial lain, BBC Two tidak mempunyai opera sabun atau pengaturcaraan berita standard, tetapi pelbagai program yang bertujuan untuk menjadi eklektik dan pelbagai (walaupun jika program mempunyai penarafan penonton yang tinggi, ia sering diposisi semula kepada BBC One). Perbatasan BBC2 yang berbeza membenarkan pengawal pertama, Sir David Attenborough untuk menugaskan dokumentari kelas berat dan siri dokumenter pertama seperti Peradaban, Pendakian Man dan Horizon. <> Apakah stesen pertama menunjukkan program dalam warna? || BBC Two <> Bilakah dua lagi stesen British yang lain memulakan pengaturcaraan warna? || 15 November 1969 <> Apa jenis program yang tidak ditunjukkan pada BBC Two? || opera sabun atau pengaturcaraan berita standard <> Siapa yang menjadi pengawal pertama BBC2? || Sir David Attenborough <> Apa jenis program yang disokong oleh Attenborough? || dokumentari <> Apa yang berlaku pada 1 Julai 1969? || <> Apa yang BBC One dan ITV bermula pada 15 November 1967? || <> Siapa yang menugaskan Horizon dan Pendakian Tamadun? || <> Apakah BBC Two udara bersama dengan sinetron dan pengaturcaraan berita standard? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the first station to show programs in color?", "id": "56de7dd64396321400ee2969", "answers": [{"text": "BBC Two", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the other two major British stations start color programming?", "id": "56de7dd64396321400ee296a", "answers": [{"text": "15 November 1969", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What types of programs were not shown on BBC Two?", "id": "56de7dd64396321400ee296b", "answers": [{"text": "soap opera or standard news programming", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first controller of BBC2?", "id": "56de7dd64396321400ee296c", "answers": [{"text": "Sir David Attenborough", "answer_start": 625}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kinds of programs did Attenborough favor?", "id": "56de7dd64396321400ee296d", "answers": [{"text": "documentaries", "answer_start": 684}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BBC Two became the first television channel in Europe to broadcast regularly in colour", "answer_start": 16}], "question": "What happened on 1 July 1969?", "id": "5a834d86e60761001a2eb54d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "625-line colour broadcasts", "answer_start": 243}], "question": "What did BBC One and ITV begin on 15 November 1967?", "id": "5a834d86e60761001a2eb54e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sir David Attenborough", "answer_start": 625}], "question": "Who commissioned Horizon and The Ascent of Civilisation? ", "id": "5a834d86e60761001a2eb54f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "range of programmes intended to be eclectic and diverse", "answer_start": 411}], "question": "What does BBC Two air along with soap operas and standard news programming?", "id": "5a834d86e60761001a2eb550", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On 1 July 1967, BBC Two became the first television channel in Europe to broadcast regularly in colour, using the West German PAL system that is still in use today although being gradually superseded by digital systems. (BBC One and ITV began 625-line colour broadcasts simultaneously on 15 November 1969). Unlike other terrestrial channels, BBC Two does not have soap opera or standard news programming, but a range of programmes intended to be eclectic and diverse (although if a programme has high audience ratings it is often eventually repositioned to BBC One). The different remit of BBC2 allowed its first controller, Sir David Attenborough to commission the first heavyweight documentaries and documentary series such as Civilisation, The Ascent of Man and Horizon."}], ["Pada tahun 2008, BBC mula bereksperimen dengan aliran langsung saluran tertentu di UK, dan pada November 2008, semua saluran televisyen BBC yang standard telah disediakan untuk menonton dalam talian. <> Bilakah BBC mula menjelajah penggunaan internet streaming? || 2008 <> Bila liputan penuh pengaturcaraan standard BBC yang dilancarkan dalam format aliran dalam talian? || November 2008 <> Pada bulan apa tahun 2008 apakah BBC mula bereksperimen dengan live streaming? || <> Tahun apa semua saluran dapat disiarkan dalam talian? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the BBC start exploring the use of internet streaming?", "id": "56de85214396321400ee29dd", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was full coverage of the BBC's standard programming launched in online stream format?", "id": "56de85214396321400ee29de", "answers": [{"text": "November 2008", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "November", "answer_start": 95}], "question": "In what month of 2008 did the BBC begin to experiment with live streaming?", "id": "5a8362f3e60761001a2eb649", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 104}], "question": "What year were all channels able to be streamed online?", "id": "5a8362f3e60761001a2eb64a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2008, the BBC began experimenting with live streaming of certain channels in the UK, and in November 2008, all standard BBC television channels were made available to watch online."}], ["Pada bulan Februari 2016, ia telah disahkan oleh BBC Worldwide bahawa Pengawalan Pengawasan adalah program televisyen paling banyak dieksport, dijual hampir 1000 kali kepada penyiar luar negara. <> Pada awal tahun 2016, apakah rancangan BBC yang telah dijual di luar negara paling banyak? || Menjaga Penampilan <> Berapa banyak jualan Pengawetan Menjaga telah dibuat kepada pembeli bukan Inggeris? || hampir 1000 <> Siapa yang mengumumkan status Pengawetan Menjaga sebagai pertunjukan BBC yang paling dieksport? || BBC Worldwide <> Apa yang disahkan mengenai Pengawetan? || <> Berapa kali Pengawetan Penjaga yang dijual kepada penyiar luar negara? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "As of early 2016, what BBC show has been sold outside of the country the most times?", "id": "56de858d4396321400ee29e3", "answers": [{"text": "Keeping Up Appearances", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many sales of Keeping Up Appearances have been made to non-British buyers?", "id": "56de858d4396321400ee29e4", "answers": [{"text": "nearly 1000", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who announced the status of Keeping Up Appearances as the most exported BBC show?", "id": "56de858d4396321400ee29e5", "answers": [{"text": "BBC Worldwide", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the corporation's most exported television programme", "answer_start": 83}], "question": "What was confirmed about Keeping Up With Appearances?", "id": "5a83667ee60761001a2eb669", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2016", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "How many times was Keeping Up Appearances sold to overseas broadcasters?", "id": "5a83667ee60761001a2eb66a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In February 2016, it was confirmed by BBC Worldwide that Keeping Up Appearances is the corporation's most exported television programme, being sold nearly 1000 times to overseas broadcasters."}], ["Saluran televisyen domestik BBC tidak menyiarkan iklan; mereka dibiayai oleh bayaran lesen televisyen yang mana penonton TV perlu membayar setiap tahun. Ini termasuk penonton yang menonton saluran sebenar saluran BBC dalam talian atau melalui telefon bimbit mereka. Saluran televisyen antarabangsa BBC dibiayai oleh iklan dan langganan. <> Berapa kerapkah orang diperlukan untuk menghantar bayaran lesen TV? || setiap tahun <> Bagaimana saluran bukan domestik BBC menjana pendapatan? || iklan dan langganan <> Berapa kerapkah yuran lesen siaran dibayar oleh penonton saluran domestik BBC? || <> Apa yang bayar langganan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How often are people required to remit the TV license fee?", "id": "56de85e94396321400ee29ea", "answers": [{"text": "annually", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do the BBC's non-domestic channels generate revenue?", "id": "56de85e94396321400ee29eb", "answers": [{"text": "advertisements and subscription", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "annually", "answer_start": 159}], "question": "How often is a broadcast licence fee paid by viewers of BBC domestic channels?", "id": "5a837712e60761001a2eb743", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The BBC's international television channels", "answer_start": 275}], "question": "What is it that subscriptions pay for?", "id": "5a837712e60761001a2eb744", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The BBC domestic television channels do not broadcast advertisements; they are instead funded by a television licence fee which TV viewers are required to pay annually. This includes viewers who watch real-time streams of the BBC's channels online or via their mobile phone. The BBC's international television channels are funded by advertisements and subscription."}], ["Jabatan Televisyen BBC yang diketuai oleh Jana Bennett diserap ke dalam kumpulan baru yang lebih besar; BBC Vision, pada akhir 2006. Kumpulan baru adalah sebahagian daripada penyusunan semula yang lebih besar dalam BBC dengan permulaan saluran media dan teknologi baru. <> Siapa pemimpin BBC Television pada tahun 2006? || Jana Bennett <> Apakah televisyen BBC diserap? || BBC Visi <> Apa yang menyebabkan pemindahan BBC Television ke unit BBC VIsion? || permulaan saluran media dan teknologi baru <> BBC Vision telah diserap ke dalam apa? || <> Tahun apa Jana Bennett pemimpin BBC Vision? || <> Apa yang menyebabkan pemindahan Wawasan BBC ke dalam unit televisyen BBC? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the leader of BBC Television in 2006?", "id": "56de84e34396321400ee29d7", "answers": [{"text": "Jana Bennett", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did BBC Television get absorbed into?", "id": "56de84e34396321400ee29d8", "answers": [{"text": "BBC Vision", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What caused the move of BBC Television into the BBC VIsion unit?", "id": "56de84e34396321400ee29d9", "answers": [{"text": "the onset of new media outlets and technology", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BBC Television", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "BBC Vision was absorbed into what?", "id": "5a8361d5e60761001a2eb639", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 117}], "question": "What year was Jana Bennett the leader of BBC Vision?", "id": "5a8361d5e60761001a2eb63a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the onset of new media outlets and technology.", "answer_start": 190}], "question": "What caused the moved of BBC Vision into the BBC Television unit?", "id": "5a8361d5e60761001a2eb63b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The BBC Television department headed by Jana Bennett was absorbed into a new, much larger group; BBC Vision, in late 2006. The new group was part of larger restructuring within the BBC with the onset of new media outlets and technology."}], ["BBC juga memperkenalkan Ceefax, perkhidmatan teleteks pertama, bermula pada tahun 1974. Perkhidmatan ini membolehkan penonton BBC melihat maklumat teks seperti berita terkini di televisyen mereka. CEEFAX belum membuat peralihan sepenuhnya ke televisyen digital, malah digantikan oleh perkhidmatan BBCi interaktif baru. <> Perkhidmatan apa jenis Ceefax? || Teleteks <> Bilakah Ceefax dilancarkan? || 1974 <> Apakah pengganti moden untuk Ceefax? || BBCi <> Perkhidmatan apa yang dilancarkan pada tahun 1947? || <> Bilakah Ceefax membuat peralihan penuh ke televisyen digital? || <> Ceefex menggantikan apa perkhidmatan interaktif? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of service was Ceefax?", "id": "56de826ccffd8e1900b4b9ac", "answers": [{"text": "teletext", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Ceefax launched?", "id": "56de826ccffd8e1900b4b9ad", "answers": [{"text": "1974", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the modern replacement for Ceefax?", "id": "56de826ccffd8e1900b4b9ae", "answers": [{"text": "BBCi", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ceefax", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "What service was launched in 1947?", "id": "5a835951e60761001a2eb5ed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1974", "answer_start": 72}], "question": "When did Ceefax make the full transition to digital television?", "id": "5a835951e60761001a2eb5ee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BBCi", "answer_start": 290}], "question": "Ceefex replaced what interactive service?", "id": "5a835951e60761001a2eb5ef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The BBC also introduced Ceefax, the first teletext service, starting in 1974. This service allows BBC viewers to view textual information such as the latest news on their television. CEEFAX has not made a full transition to digital television, instead being replaced by the new interactive BBCi service."}], ["Sebagai satu bahagian dalam BBC, televisyen sebelum ini dikenali sebagai BBC Vision selama beberapa tahun pada awal abad ke-21, sehingga namanya kembali ke televisyen pada tahun 2013. Ia bertanggungjawab untuk melakukan pentauliahan, pembuatan, penjadualan dan penyiaran semua pengaturcaraan pada Saluran televisyen BBC, dan diketuai oleh Danny Cohen. <> Bilakah BBC Vision berubah ke BBC Television? || 2013 <> Siapa ketua televisyen BBC semasa? || Danny Cohen <> Apakah empat tanggungjawab televisyen BBC? || pentauliahan, pengeluaran, penjadualan dan penyiaran <> Apakah Visi BBC yang dahulu dikenali sebagai beberapa tahun pada awal abad ke-21? || <> Siapa orang yang menugaskan semua pengaturcaraan di saluran televisyen BBC? || <> Apa yang bertanggungjawab untuk menjadualkan semua program? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did BBC Vision change back to BBC Television?", "id": "56de86914396321400ee29f9", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the current head of BBC Television?", "id": "56de86914396321400ee29fa", "answers": [{"text": "Danny Cohen", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the four responsibilities of BBC Television?", "id": "56de86914396321400ee29fb", "answers": [{"text": "commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Television", "answer_start": 30}], "question": "What was BBC Vision formerly known as for a few years in the early 21st century?", "id": "5a83781fe60761001a2eb747", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Danny Cohen", "answer_start": 311}], "question": "Who is the person who commissioning all programming on the BBC's television channels?", "id": "5a83781fe60761001a2eb748", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Television", "answer_start": 144}], "question": "What is responsible for scheduling all programs?", "id": "5a83781fe60761001a2eb749", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "As a division within the BBC, Television was formerly known as BBC Vision for a few years in the early 21st century, until its name reverted to Television in 2013. It is responsible for the commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting of all programming on the BBC's television channels, and is led by Danny Cohen."}], ["Pada bulan Mac 2003, BBC mengumumkan bahawa dari akhir bulan Mei 2003 (ditunda sehingga 14 Julai), ia bertujuan untuk menghantar semua lapan saluran televisyen domestiknya (termasuk 15 variasi serantau BBC 1) yang tidak disahkan dari satelit Astra 2D. Langkah ini dianggarkan untuk menyelamatkan BBC \u00a3 85 juta dalam tempoh lima tahun akan datang. <> Bilakah BBC mengatakan ia akan mula menggunakan satelit untuk mengangkut isyaratnya? || Mei 2003 <> Apakah nama satelit dari mana isyarat BBC dihantar? || Astra 2D satellite <> Oleh kerana kelewatan, bilakah tarikh sebenar BBC bergerak ke siaran satelit? || 14 Julai <> Berapa banyak wang yang berpindah ke satelit bernilai ke stesen sepanjang dekad setengah berikut? || \u00a3 85 juta <> Apa yang BBC mengumumkan pada bulan Mei 2003? || <> Berapa banyak wang yang dianggarkan untuk menyelamatkan selama 15 tahun ke depan? || <> Bilakah beralih ke satelit Astra 2D bermula? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the BBC say it would start using a satellite to transit its signal?", "id": "56de83354396321400ee29b1", "answers": [{"text": "May 2003", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the satellite from which the BBC's signal was sent?", "id": "56de83354396321400ee29b2", "answers": [{"text": "Astra 2D satellite", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Due to delays, when was the actual date of the BBC's move to satellite broadcasts?", "id": "56de83354396321400ee29b3", "answers": [{"text": "14 July", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money was the move to satellite worth to the station over the following half decade?", "id": "56de83354396321400ee29b4", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a385 million", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "it intended to transmit all eight of its domestic television channels (including the 15 regional variations of BBC 1) unencrypted from the Astra 2D satellite.", "answer_start": 97}], "question": "What did BBC announce in May 2003?", "id": "5a835a15e60761001a2eb607", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u00a385 million", "answer_start": 296}], "question": "How much money was the move estimated to save over the next 15 years?", "id": "5a835a15e60761001a2eb608", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "14 July", "answer_start": 88}], "question": "When did the switch to the Astra 2D satellite begin?", "id": "5a835a15e60761001a2eb609", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In March 2003 the BBC announced that from the end of May 2003 (subsequently deferred to 14 July) it intended to transmit all eight of its domestic television channels (including the 15 regional variations of BBC 1) unencrypted from the Astra 2D satellite. This move was estimated to save the BBC \u00a385 million over the next five years."}], ["BBC juga terkenal dengan pengeluaran drama kostumnya, seperti Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen dan drama sosial kontemporari seperti Boys dari Blackstuff dan Friends di Utara. BBC berada di bawah tekanan untuk membuat komisen lebih banyak program daripada syarikat pengeluaran British yang bebas, dan semestinya secara sah diwajibkan untuk membekalkan 25% outputnya daripada syarikat-syarikat tersebut dengan syarat-syarat Akta Penyiaran 1990. Program juga telah diimport terutamanya dari bahasa Inggeris negara-negara: terkenal walaupun tidak menunjukkan contoh-contoh termasuk The Simpsons dari Amerika Syarikat dan Jiran dari Australia. Kerana ketersediaan program dalam bahasa Inggeris, beberapa program perlu menggunakan sub-tajuk atau dubbing tidak seperti kebanyakan televisyen Eropah. <> Berapa banyak pengaturcaraannya harus diperoleh oleh BBC dari pengeluar kandungan lain? || 25% <> Apa rancangan Amerika yang popular yang dipaparkan di BBC? || The Simpsons <> Apa rancangan televisyen dari Australia yang ditunjukkan di BBC? || Jiran <> Program apa yang telah diimport dari negara berbahasa Inggeris dan kini dipaparkan? || <> Berdasarkan Akta Penyiaran Bebas, berapa pengeluaran diperlukan daripada syarikat pengeluaran British yang bebas? || <> Tahun apakah Akta Penyiaran Bebas? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How much of its programming must the BBC obtain from other content producers?", "id": "56de822bcffd8e1900b4b9a2", "answers": [{"text": "25%", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a popular American show that was shown on the BBC?", "id": "56de822bcffd8e1900b4b9a4", "answers": [{"text": "The Simpsons", "answer_start": 553}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a television show from Australia that was shown on the BBC?", "id": "56de822bcffd8e1900b4b9a5", "answers": [{"text": "Neighbours", "answer_start": 593}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Simpsons from the United States and Neighbours from Australia", "answer_start": 553}], "question": "What programs have been imported from English speaking countries and are currently shown?", "id": "5a835750e60761001a2eb5d3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "25%", "answer_start": 349}], "question": "Based on the Independent Broadcasting Act, how much output is required to be from independent British production companies?", "id": "5a835750e60761001a2eb5d4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1990", "answer_start": 424}], "question": "What year was the Independent Broadcasting Act written?", "id": "5a835750e60761001a2eb5d5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The BBC is also renowned for its production of costume dramas, such as Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice and contemporary social dramas such as Boys from the Blackstuff and Our Friends in the North. The BBC has come under pressure to commission more programmes from independent British production companies, and indeed is legally required to source 25% of its output from such companies by the terms of the Broadcasting Act 1990. Programmes have also been imported mainly from English-speaking countries: notable\u2014though no longer shown\u2014examples include The Simpsons from the United States and Neighbours from Australia. Because of the availability of programmes in English, few programmes need use sub-titles or dubbing unlike much European television."}], ["Walaupun \"jejak\" satelit Astra 2D lebih kecil daripada Astra 2A, yang mana sebelum ini disiarkan disiarkan, itu bermakna penonton dengan peralatan yang sesuai dapat menerima saluran BBC \"bebas-ke udara\" di kebanyakan Barat Eropah. Akibatnya, beberapa kebimbangan hak perlu diselesaikan dengan penyedia program seperti studio Hollywood dan organisasi sukan, yang telah menyatakan kebimbangan mengenai isyarat yang tidak diskritik yang bocor. Ini menyebabkan beberapa siaran tidak disediakan di platform Sky Digital, seperti Liga Perdana Scotland dan bola sepak Piala Scotland, sementara di platform lain siaran itu tidak terganggu. Kemudian, apabila kontrak hak diperbaharui, masalah ini telah diselesaikan. <> Dengan alat yang betul, kawasan apa yang boleh mendapatkan siaran BBC percuma dari Astra 2D? || Eropah Barat <> Apa beberapa entiti yang telah mengambil isu dengan kemungkinan pengaturcaraan BBC dilihat secara percuma? || Studio Hollywood dan organisasi sukan <> Pada apa perkhidmatan beberapa pertunjukan dikeluarkan sebagai hasil daripada isu-isu ke atas hak? || Sky Digital <> Apakah dua siaran khusus digantung di Sky Digital? || Liga Perdana Scotland dan bola sepak Piala Scotland <> Apa yang lebih kecil daripada jejak satelit Astra 2D? || <> Apakah kebimbangan dengan Eropah Barat yang \"membebaskan diri\" muncul? || <> Apa yang berlaku kepada beberapa program di Platform Sky Digital? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "With the right tools, what area could get free BBC broadcasts from Astra 2D?", "id": "56de83cecffd8e1900b4b9c0", "answers": [{"text": "Western Europe", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some entities that have taken issue with the possibility that BBC programming was being viewed for free?", "id": "56de83cecffd8e1900b4b9c1", "answers": [{"text": "Hollywood studios and sporting organisations", "answer_start": 354}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what service were some shows removed as a result of issues over rights?", "id": "56de83cecffd8e1900b4b9c2", "answers": [{"text": "Sky Digital", "answer_start": 529}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two specific broadcasts suspended on Sky Digital?", "id": "56de83cecffd8e1900b4b9c3", "answers": [{"text": "Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football", "answer_start": 559}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Astra 2A", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "What was smaller than the footprint of the Astra 2D satellite?", "id": "5a835b79e60761001a2eb617", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "concern about the unencrypted signal leaking out.", "answer_start": 421}], "question": "What concerns with Western Europe did \"free-to-air\" bring up?", "id": "5a835b79e60761001a2eb618", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "some broadcasts being made unavailable", "answer_start": 483}], "question": "What happened to some programs on the Digital Sky Platform?", "id": "5a835b79e60761001a2eb619", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "While the \"footprint\" of the Astra 2D satellite was smaller than that of Astra 2A, from which it was previously broadcast encrypted, it meant that viewers with appropriate equipment were able to receive BBC channels \"free-to-air\" over much of Western Europe. Consequently, some rights concerns have needed to be resolved with programme providers such as Hollywood studios and sporting organisations, which have expressed concern about the unencrypted signal leaking out. This led to some broadcasts being made unavailable on the Sky Digital platform, such as Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football, while on other platforms such broadcasts were not disrupted. Later, when rights contracts were renewed, this problem was resolved."}], ["Pada 5 Julai 2004, BBC menyambut ulang tahun kelima belas berita buletin televisyennya (walaupun telah menghasilkan Newsreel televisyen selama beberapa tahun sebelum 1954). Acara ini ditandai dengan pembebasan DVD, yang menunjukkan kemunculan liputan televisyen BBC mengenai peristiwa penting sepanjang abad ke-setengah, serta perubahan dalam format berita televisyen BBC; dari format berita berita buletin Berita BBC yang pertama, kepada liputan berita 24 jam di seluruh dunia yang terdapat pada tahun 2004. Edisi khas Radio Times juga dihasilkan, serta bahagian khas laman web BBC News Online. Pada tahun 2005, perintis televisyen BBC Little Angels memenangi anugerah BAFTA. Angels Little adalah realiti pertama pertunjukan keibubapaan dan episodnya yang paling terkenal melihat aktris Welsh Jynine James cuba mengatasi penderitaan anak lelaki berumur enam tahun itu. <> Bilakah ulang tahun ke 50 berita siaran BBC? || 5 Julai 2004 <> Pada apa bentuk media adalah retrospektif siaran berita BBC yang dikeluarkan untuk memperingati ulang tahun ke-50nya? || DVD <> Dalam format apakah yang dipaparkan buletin baru pertama BBC? || Newsreel <> Apa sajak realiti yang dianugerahkan BAFTA pada tahun 2005? || Little Angels <> Apakah tarikh BBC menyambut ulang tahun kelima puluh newsreel televisyennya? || <> Apa jenis edisi Radio Times yang dihasilkan? || <> Apa yang memenangi anugerah BATFA? || <> Apa rancangan televisyen pertama yang pertama di BBC? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the 50th anniversary of BBC news broadcasts?", "id": "56de848f4396321400ee29c9", "answers": [{"text": "5 July 2004", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what form of media was a retrospective of the BBC's news broadcasts released to commemorate its 50th anniversary?", "id": "56de848f4396321400ee29ca", "answers": [{"text": "DVD", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what format were the BBC's first new bulletins shown?", "id": "56de848f4396321400ee29cb", "answers": [{"text": "Newsreel", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What reality series was awarded a BAFTA in 2005?", "id": "56de848f4396321400ee29cc", "answers": [{"text": "Little Angels", "answer_start": 671}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "5 July 2004", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "What was the date the BBC celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of its television newsreel?", "id": "5a836086e60761001a2eb627", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "special edition", "answer_start": 515}], "question": "What kind of edition of Times Radio was produced?", "id": "5a836086e60761001a2eb628", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Little Angels", "answer_start": 671}], "question": "What series won a BATFA award?", "id": "5a836086e60761001a2eb629", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Little Angels", "answer_start": 704}], "question": "What was the first reality television show on BBC?", "id": "5a836086e60761001a2eb62a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On 5 July 2004, the BBC celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of its television news bulletins (although it had produced the Television Newsreel for several years before 1954). This event was marked by the release of a DVD, which showed highlights of the BBC's television coverage of significant events over the half-century, as well as changes in the format of the BBC television news; from the newsreel format of the first BBC Television News bulletins, to the 24-hour, worldwide news coverage available in 2004. A special edition of Radio Times was also produced, as well as a special section of the BBC News Online website. In 2005 the pioneering BBC television series Little Angels won a BAFTA award. Little Angels was the first reality parenting show and its most famous episode saw Welsh actress Jynine James try to cope with the tantrums of her six-year-old son."}], ["BBC Japan adalah saluran hiburan am, yang beroperasi antara Disember 2004 dan April 2006. Ia berhenti beroperasi selepas pengedar Jepunnya dilipat. <> Bilakah BBC Jepun mula menyiarkan? || Disember 2004 <> Bilakah tutup BBC Jepun? || April 2006 <> Apakah genre BBC Japan? || hiburan umum <> Apa yang dianggap BBC Jepun? || <> Apa yang dilipat selepas pengedar Jepun berhenti? || <> Apa berlari dari April 2004 hingga Disember 2006? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did BBC Japan begin broadcasting?", "id": "56de86d2cffd8e1900b4b9e0", "answers": [{"text": "December 2004", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did BBC Japan shut down?", "id": "56de86d2cffd8e1900b4b9e1", "answers": [{"text": "April 2006", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the genre of BBC Japan?", "id": "56de86d2cffd8e1900b4b9e2", "answers": [{"text": "general entertainment", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a general entertainment channel", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "What was BBC Japanese considered? ", "id": "5a8378e2e60761001a2eb74d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "operations", "answer_start": 110}], "question": "What folded after a Japanese distributor ceased?", "id": "5a8378e2e60761001a2eb74e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BBC Japan", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What ran from April 2004 until December 2006?", "id": "5a8378e2e60761001a2eb74f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "BBC Japan was a general entertainment channel, which operated between December 2004 and April 2006. It ceased operations after its Japanese distributor folded."}]], [["Dalam temu bual dengan Fortune pada tahun 2004, Schwarzenegger menceritakan bagaimana dia menderita apa yang \"akan dipanggil penyalahgunaan kanak-kanak\" di tangan ayahnya: \"Rambut saya ditarik, saya terkena ikat pinggang. Sebilangan besar anak-anak yang saya lihat telah dipecahkan oleh ibu bapa mereka, iaitu mentaliti Jerman-Austria. Mereka tidak mahu mencipta satu individu. dan setiap kali saya terkena, dan setiap kali seseorang berkata, 'anda tidak boleh melakukan ini,' saya berkata, 'ini tidak akan banyak lebih lama lagi, kerana saya akan keluar dari sini Saya mahu menjadi kaya Saya ingin menjadi seseorang. \"<> Apa majalah yang mendedahkan butiran penghukum kanak-kanak Schwarzenegger pada tahun 2004? || Fortune", {"qas": [{"question": "What magazine revealed the details of Schwarzenegger's childhood punishments in 2004?", "id": "56de70eacffd8e1900b4b8e6", "answers": [{"text": "Fortune", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In an interview with Fortune in 2004, Schwarzenegger told how he suffered what \"would now be called child abuse\" at the hands of his father: \"My hair was pulled. I was hit with belts. So was the kid next door. It was just the way it was. Many of the children I've seen were broken by their parents, which was the German-Austrian mentality. They didn't want to create an individual. It was all about conforming. I was one who did not conform, and whose will could not be broken. Therefore, I became a rebel. Every time I got hit, and every time someone said, 'you can't do this,' I said, 'this is not going to be for much longer, because I'm going to move out of here. I want to be rich. I want to be somebody.'\""}], ["Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (lahir pada 30 Julai 1947) adalah pelakon, pembuat filem, ahli perniagaan, pelabur, pengarang, dermawan, aktivis, bekas pembina badan dan ahli politik Austria-Amerika. Beliau berkhidmat dua istilah sebagai Gabenor ke-38 California dari tahun 2003 hingga 2011. <> Apa tarikh kelahiran Arnold Schwarzenegger? || 30 Julai 1947 <> Apakah nama tengah Arnold Schwarzenegger? || Alois <> Berapa banyak istilah Schwarzenegger berfungsi sebagai gabenor California? || dua", {"qas": [{"question": "What's Arnold Schwarzenegger's birth date?", "id": "56de6331cffd8e1900b4b850", "answers": [{"text": "July 30, 1947", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's Arnold Schwarzenegger's middle name?", "id": "56de6331cffd8e1900b4b851", "answers": [{"text": "Alois", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many terms did Schwarzenegger serve as California's governor?", "id": "56de6331cffd8e1900b4b852", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (/\u02c8\u0283w\u0254\u02d0rts\u0259n\u02cc\u025b\u0261\u0259r/; German: [\u02c8a\u0250\u032fn\u0254lt \u02c8al\u0254\u028fs \u02c8\u0283va\u0250\u032ftsn\u0329\u02cc\u025b\u0261\u0250]; born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American actor, filmmaker, businessman, investor, author, philanthropist, activist, former professional bodybuilder and politician. He served two terms as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 until 2011."}], ["Sebagai seorang Republikan, beliau pertama kali dipilih pada 7 Oktober 2003, dalam pemilihan semula khas untuk menggantikan Gubernur Gray Davis. Schwarzenegger telah mengangkat sumpah pada 17 November, untuk menyampaikan sisa istilah Davis. Schwarzenegger kemudian dipilih semula pada 7 November 2006, dalam pemilihan gubernatorial California tahun 2006, untuk berkhidmat sebagai gabenor penuh, mengalahkan Demokrat Phil Angelides, yang merupakan Bendahari Negeri California pada masa itu. Schwarzenegger telah bersumpah untuk penggal kedua pada 5 Januari 2007. Pada tahun 2011, Schwarzenegger menyelesaikan penggal kedua sebagai gabenor. <> Tahun apa menandakan berakhirnya istilah kedua Schwarzenegger di pejabat gabenor? || 2011 <> Apa parti politik yang dimiliki Schwarzenegger? || Republikan <> Gabenor apa yang menggantikan Schwarzenegger? || Gray Davis <> Apa tarikh menandakan permulaan tempoh gubernatorial kedua Schwarzenegger? || 5 Januari 2007", {"qas": [{"question": "What year marked the end of Schwarzenegger's second term in the governor's office?", "id": "56de6660cffd8e1900b4b86c", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 497}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What political party did Schwarzenegger belong to?", "id": "56de6660cffd8e1900b4b86d", "answers": [{"text": "Republican", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What governor did Schwarzenegger replace?", "id": "56de6660cffd8e1900b4b86e", "answers": [{"text": "Gray Davis", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What date marked the start of Schwarzenegger's second gubernatorial term?", "id": "56de6660cffd8e1900b4b86f", "answers": [{"text": "January 5, 2007", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As a Republican, he was first elected on October 7, 2003, in a special recall election to replace then-Governor Gray Davis. Schwarzenegger was sworn in on November 17, to serve the remainder of Davis's term. Schwarzenegger was then re-elected on November 7, 2006, in California's 2006 gubernatorial election, to serve a full term as governor, defeating Democrat Phil Angelides, who was California State Treasurer at the time. Schwarzenegger was sworn in for his second term on January 5, 2007. In 2011, Schwarzenegger completed his second term as governor."}], ["Pada 20 Mei 1971, abangnya, Meinhard, meninggal dalam kemalangan kereta. Meinhard telah minum dan dibunuh dengan serta-merta. Schwarzenegger tidak menghadiri pengebumiannya. Meinhard adalah kerana berkahwin dengan Erika Knapp, dan pasangan itu mempunyai anak lelaki berusia tiga tahun, Patrick. Schwarzenegger akan membayar pendidikan Patrick dan membantunya untuk berhijrah ke Amerika Syarikat. Gustav meninggal dunia pada tahun berikutnya dari strok. Dalam Pam Besi, Schwarzenegger mendakwa bahawa dia tidak menghadiri pengebumian ayahnya kerana dia sedang latihan untuk pertandingan bina badan. Kemudian, dia dan produser filem itu berkata kisah ini diambil dari pembina badan lain untuk tujuan memperlihatkan ekstrem yang sesetengahnya akan pergi untuk sukan mereka dan menjadikan imej Schwarzenegger lebih sejuk dan mesin seperti untuk menyiarkan kontroversi untuk filem itu. Barbara Baker, teman wanitanya yang pertama yang serius, telah mengatakan bahawa dia memberitahu kematian bapanya tanpa emosi dan bahawa dia tidak pernah bercakap tentang adiknya. Lama kelamaan, beliau telah memberikan sekurang-kurangnya tiga versi mengapa dia tidak hadir dari pengebumian ayahnya. <> Tahun apakah saudara lelaki Schwarzenegger mati? || 1971 <> Apakah nama anak Meinhard dinamakan? || Patrick <> Apa yang menyebabkan kematian Schwarzenegger bapa Gustav? || stroke <> Siapa wanita pertama Schwarzenegger serius? || Barbara Baker", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did Schwarzenegger's brother die?", "id": "56de708bcffd8e1900b4b8d4", "answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Meinhard's son named?", "id": "56de708bcffd8e1900b4b8d5", "answers": [{"text": "Patrick", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What caused Schwarzenegger's father Gustav's death?", "id": "56de708bcffd8e1900b4b8d6", "answers": [{"text": "stroke", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first woman Schwarzenegger was serious about?", "id": "56de708bcffd8e1900b4b8d7", "answers": [{"text": "Barbara Baker", "answer_start": 794}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On May 20, 1971, his brother, Meinhard, died in a car accident. Meinhard had been drinking and was killed instantly. Schwarzenegger did not attend his funeral. Meinhard was due to marry Erika Knapp, and the couple had a three-year-old son, Patrick. Schwarzenegger would pay for Patrick's education and help him to emigrate to the United States. Gustav died the following year from a stroke. In Pumping Iron, Schwarzenegger claimed that he did not attend his father's funeral because he was training for a bodybuilding contest. Later, he and the film's producer said this story was taken from another bodybuilder for the purpose of showing the extremes that some would go to for their sport and to make Schwarzenegger's image more cold and machine-like in order to fan controversy for the film. Barbara Baker, his first serious girlfriend, has said he informed her of his father's death without emotion and that he never spoke of his brother. Over time, he has given at least three versions of why he was absent from his father's funeral."}], ["Schwarzenegger dilahirkan di Thal, sebuah kampung yang bersempadan dengan bandar Graz di Styria, Austria dan membaptis Arnold Alois. Ibu bapanya ialah Gustav Schwarzenegger (17 Ogos 1907 - 13 Disember 1972), dan Aurelia Schwarzenegger (n\u00e9e Jadrny, 29 Julai 1922 - 2 Ogos 1998). Gustav adalah ketua polis tempatan, dan telah berkhidmat dalam Perang Dunia II sebagai Hauptfeldwebel selepas menyertai Parti Nazi secara sukarela pada tahun 1938, walaupun dia dilepaskan pada tahun 1943 berikutan pertarungan malaria. Dia menikahi ibu Arnold pada 20 Oktober 1945 - dia berusia 38 tahun, dan dia berusia 23 tahun. Menurut Schwarzenegger, kedua-dua ibu bapanya sangat ketat: \"Pada masa itu di Austria ia adalah dunia yang sangat berbeza, jika kita melakukan sesuatu yang buruk atau kita tidak mematuhi ibu bapa kita, batang itu tidak terhindar.\" Dia dibesarkan dalam keluarga Katolik Roman yang menghadiri Misa setiap hari Ahad. <> Negara mana yang dilahirkan di Schwarzenegger? || Austria <> Apakah nama sulung ibu Schwarzenegger itu? || Jadrny <> Apakah nama pertama bapa Schwarzenegger itu? || Gustav <> Apa pekerjaan ayah Schwarzenegger di bandar mereka? || ketua polis", {"qas": [{"question": "What country was Schwarzenegger born in?", "id": "56de677dcffd8e1900b4b87e", "answers": [{"text": "Austria", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Schwarzenegger's mother's maiden name?", "id": "56de677dcffd8e1900b4b87f", "answers": [{"text": "Jadrny", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Schwarzenegger's father's first name?", "id": "56de677dcffd8e1900b4b880", "answers": [{"text": "Gustav", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Schwarzenegger's dad's job in their town?", "id": "56de677dcffd8e1900b4b881", "answers": [{"text": "chief of police", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger was born in Thal, a village bordering the city of Graz in Styria, Austria and christened Arnold Alois. His parents were Gustav Schwarzenegger (August 17, 1907 \u2013 December 13, 1972), and Aurelia Schwarzenegger (n\u00e9e Jadrny; July 29, 1922 \u2013 August 2, 1998). Gustav was the local chief of police, and had served in World War II as a Hauptfeldwebel after voluntarily joining the Nazi Party in 1938, though he was discharged in 1943 following a bout of malaria. He married Arnold's mother on October 20, 1945;\u2013 he was 38, and she was 23 years old. According to Schwarzenegger, both of his parents were very strict: \"Back then in Austria it was a very different world, if we did something bad or we disobeyed our parents, the rod was not spared.\" He grew up in a Roman Catholic family who attended Mass every Sunday."}], ["Schwarzenegger berkhidmat di Tentera Austria pada tahun 1965 untuk memenuhi satu tahun perkhidmatan yang diperlukan pada masa semua lelaki Austria berusia 18 tahun. Semasa perkhidmatan tentera, beliau memenangi pertandingan Junior En. Europe. Dia pergi AWOL semasa latihan asas supaya dia boleh mengambil bahagian dalam pertandingan itu dan menghabiskan seminggu dalam penjara tentera: \"Mengambil bahagian dalam persaingan itu sangat penting bagi saya bahawa saya tidak berfikir dengan teliti akibatnya.\" Dia memenangi pertandingan bina badan lain di Graz, di Steirer Hof Hotel (di mana dia telah meletakkan kedua). Dia telah dipilih sebagai orang yang paling baik dibina di Eropah, yang menjadikannya terkenal. \"Gelaran Mr. Universe adalah tiket saya ke Amerika - tanah peluang, di mana saya boleh menjadi bintang dan menjadi kaya.\" Schwarzenegger membuat perjalanan pesawat pertama pada tahun 1966, menghadiri pertandingan NABBA En. Universe di London. Dia akan masuk dalam pertandingan kedua dalam pertandingan Encik Universe, tidak mempunyai definisi otot pemenang Amerika Chester Yorton. <> Gelaran bina badan mana yang dilakukan Schwarzenegger memanggil \"tiket ke Amerika\"? || En. Universe <> Persaingan apa yang Schwarzenegger pergi AWOL untuk menyertai? || Junior Mr. Europe <> Bilakah Schwarzenegger mengambil pesawat untuk pertama kalinya? || 1966 <> Di mana bandar adalah pertandingan 1966 NABBA En. Universe? || London", {"qas": [{"question": "Which bodybuilding title did Schwarzenegger call his \"ticket to America\"?", "id": "56de719c4396321400ee2909", "answers": [{"text": "Mr. Universe", "answer_start": 592}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which competition did Schwarzenegger go AWOL to participate in?", "id": "56de719c4396321400ee290a", "answers": [{"text": "Junior Mr. Europe", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Schwarzenegger take an airplane for the first time ever?", "id": "56de719c4396321400ee290b", "answers": [{"text": "1966", "answer_start": 750}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city was the 1966 NABBA Mr. Universe competition held?", "id": "56de719c4396321400ee290c", "answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 804}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger served in the Austrian Army in 1965 to fulfill the one year of service required at the time of all 18-year-old Austrian males. During his army service, he won the Junior Mr. Europe contest. He went AWOL during basic training so he could take part in the competition and spent a week in military prison: \"Participating in the competition meant so much to me that I didn't carefully think through the consequences.\" He won another bodybuilding contest in Graz, at Steirer Hof Hotel (where he had placed second). He was voted best built man of Europe, which made him famous. \"The Mr. Universe title was my ticket to America \u2013 the land of opportunity, where I could become a star and get rich.\" Schwarzenegger made his first plane trip in 1966, attending the NABBA Mr. Universe competition in London. He would come in second in the Mr. Universe competition, not having the muscle definition of American winner Chester Yorton."}], ["Gustav mempunyai keinginan untuk anak sulungnya, Meinhard (17 Julai 1946 - 20 Mei 1971), atas Arnold. Kesopanannya adalah \"kuat dan terang\", yang berpunca dari kecurigaan yang tidak berasas bahawa Arnold bukan anak biologinya. Schwarzenegger berkata ayahnya \"tidak sabar untuk mendengar atau memahami masalah anda.\" Schwarzenegger mempunyai hubungan yang baik dengan ibunya dan terus berhubung dengannya sehingga kematiannya. Di kemudian hari, Schwarzenegger menugaskan Simon Wiesenthal Centre untuk menyelidik rekod perang ayahnya, yang tidak menunjukkan bukti keganasan Gustav yang terlibat, walaupun keanggotaan Gustav dalam Parti Nazi dan SA. Latar belakang bapa Schwarzenegger mendapat perhatian akhbar yang luas semasa kempen mengingat California tahun 2003. Di sekolah, Schwarzenegger nampaknya berada di tengah-tengah tetapi menonjol untuk wataknya yang \"ceria, gembira dan bersemangat\". Wang adalah masalah di rumah mereka; Schwarzenegger teringat bahawa salah satu kemuncak belia adalah ketika keluarga membeli peti sejuk. <> Apa nama kakak Schwarzenegger? || Meinhard <> Alat apa yang dibeli oleh keluarga Schwarzenegger bahawa dia memanggil sorot belia? || peti sejuk", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Schwarzenegger's older brother's name?", "id": "56de6e7c4396321400ee28bf", "answers": [{"text": "Meinhard", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What appliance did Schwarzenegger's family buy that he called a highlight of his youth?", "id": "56de6e7c4396321400ee28c0", "answers": [{"text": "refrigerator", "answer_start": 1027}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Gustav had a preference for his elder son, Meinhard (July 17, 1946 \u2013 May 20, 1971), over Arnold. His favoritism was \"strong and blatant,\" which stemmed from unfounded suspicion that Arnold was not his biological child. Schwarzenegger has said his father had \"no patience for listening or understanding your problems.\" Schwarzenegger had a good relationship with his mother and kept in touch with her until her death. In later life, Schwarzenegger commissioned the Simon Wiesenthal Center to research his father's wartime record, which came up with no evidence of Gustav's being involved in atrocities, despite Gustav's membership in the Nazi Party and SA. Schwarzenegger's father's background received wide press attention during the 2003 California recall campaign. At school, Schwarzenegger was apparently in the middle but stood out for his \"cheerful, good-humored and exuberant\" character. Money was a problem in their household; Schwarzenegger recalled that one of the highlights of his youth was when the family bought a refrigerator."}], ["Charles \"Wag\" Bennett, salah seorang hakim pada pertandingan 1966, terkesan dengan Schwarzenegger dan dia menawarkan untuk melatihnya. Sebagai Schwarzenegger mempunyai sedikit wang, Bennett menjemputnya untuk tinggal di rumah keluarganya yang padat di atas salah satu daripada dua gim di Forest Gate, London, England. Takrif kaki Yorton telah dinilai lebih tinggi, dan Schwarzenegger, di bawah program latihan yang dirancang oleh Bennett, tertumpu pada peningkatan definisi otot dan kuasa di kakinya. Menginap di East End of London membantu Schwarzenegger meningkatkan pemahaman asas bahasa Inggerisnya. Juga pada tahun 1966, Schwarzenegger berpeluang bertemu dengan Idola zaman kanak-kanak Reg Park, yang menjadi kawan dan mentornya. Latihan ini telah berjaya dan, pada tahun 1967, Schwarzenegger memenangi gelaran untuk kali pertama, menjadi yang paling muda pernah Encik Universe pada usia 20. Dia akan terus memenangi gelaran tiga kali lebih lanjut. Schwarzenegger kemudian kembali ke Munich, menjalani latihan selama empat hingga enam jam setiap hari, menghadiri sekolah perniagaan dan bekerja di sebuah kelab kesihatan (gim Rolf Putziger di mana dia bekerja dan terlatih dari 1966-1968), kembali pada tahun 1968 ke London untuk memenangi Mr. Tajuk Universe. Dia sering memberitahu Roger C. Field, jurulatih bahasa Inggeris dan rakannya di Munich pada masa itu, \"Saya akan menjadi pelakon terbesar!\" <> Manakah pembina badan Schwarzenegger yang menjadi idola sebagai anak lelaki yang dia jumpai pada tahun 1966? || Reg Park <> Bahagian manakah yang dilakukan Schwarzenegger untuk membangun dengan Coach Bennett? || kaki <> Berapa banyak kali Schwarzenegger memenangi gelaran Mr Universe? || empat <> Siapa yang memilik gimnasium Schwarzenegger bekerja pada akhir tahun enam puluhan? || Rolf Putziger", {"qas": [{"question": "Which of the bodybuilders Schwarzenegger idolized as a kid did he meet in 1966?", "id": "56de7296cffd8e1900b4b91c", "answers": [{"text": "Reg Park", "answer_start": 648}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which part of his body did Schwarzenegger work to develop with Coach Bennett?", "id": "56de7296cffd8e1900b4b91d", "answers": [{"text": "legs", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many total times has Schwarzenegger won the Mr. Universe title?", "id": "56de7296cffd8e1900b4b91e", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 944}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who owned the gym Schwarzenegger worked in during the late sixties?", "id": "56de7296cffd8e1900b4b91f", "answers": [{"text": "Rolf Putziger", "answer_start": 1025}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Charles \"Wag\" Bennett, one of the judges at the 1966 competition, was impressed with Schwarzenegger and he offered to coach him. As Schwarzenegger had little money, Bennett invited him to stay in his crowded family home above one of his two gyms in Forest Gate, London, England. Yorton's leg definition had been judged superior, and Schwarzenegger, under a training program devised by Bennett, concentrated on improving the muscle definition and power in his legs. Staying in the East End of London helped Schwarzenegger improve his rudimentary grasp of the English language. Also in 1966, Schwarzenegger had the opportunity to meet childhood idol Reg Park, who became his friend and mentor. The training paid off and, in 1967, Schwarzenegger won the title for the first time, becoming the youngest ever Mr. Universe at the age of 20. He would go on to win the title a further three times. Schwarzenegger then flew back to Munich, training for four to six hours daily, attending business school and working in a health club (Rolf Putziger's gym where he worked and trained from 1966\u20131968), returning in 1968 to London to win his next Mr. Universe title. He frequently told Roger C. Field, his English coach and friend in Munich at that time, \"I'm going to become the greatest actor!\""}], ["Schwarzenegger memulakan latihan berat pada usia 15 tahun. Dia memenangi gelaran Mr Universe pada usia 20 dan seterusnya memenangi pertandingan Encik Olympia sebanyak tujuh kali. Schwarzenegger kekal kehadiran yang menonjol dalam bina badan dan telah menulis banyak buku dan artikel tentang sukan itu. Beliau secara meluas dianggap sebagai antara pembina badan terbesar sepanjang masa dan juga ikon terbesarnya. Schwarzenegger mendapat ketenaran di seluruh dunia sebagai ikon filem aksi Hollywood. Filem terobosannya adalah epik pedang-dan-sihir Conan the Barbarian pada tahun 1982, yang melanda kotak-kotak dan menghasilkan sekuel. Pada tahun 1984, beliau muncul dalam filem thriller filem sains James Cameron The Terminator, yang merupakan kejayaan besar dan kejayaan box-office. Schwarzenegger kemudiannya mengabadikan watak Terminator dalam ansuran kemudiannya pada tahun 1991, 2003 dan 2015. Dia muncul dalam beberapa filem yang berjaya, seperti Commando (1985), The Running Man (1987), Predator (1987), Twins (1988 ), Total Recall (1990), Tadika Tadika (1990) dan True Lies (1994). Dia dijuluki \"Oak Austria\" dalam hari bina badannya, \"Arnie\" semasa karier aktingnya, dan \"The Governator\" (portmanteau dari \"Governor\" dan \"The Terminator\", salah satu peranan filemnya yang paling terkenal). <> Berapa lama Schwarzenegger ketika dia memulakan bina badan? || 15 <> Berapa kali Schwarzenegger menganugerahkan gelaran Encik Olympia? || tujuh <> Untuk filem mana dari tahun 1982, Schwarzenegger mula mendapat perhatian? || Conan the Barbarian <> Berapa lama Schwarzenegger ketika ia memenangi Mr Universe? || 20 <> Apa nama samaran yang ditulis bersama oleh Schwarzenegger semasa kerjayanya? || Arnie", {"qas": [{"question": "How old was Schwarzenegger when he started bodybuilding?", "id": "56de64f9cffd8e1900b4b858", "answers": [{"text": "15", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times was Schwarzenegger awarded the Mr. Olympia title?", "id": "56de64f9cffd8e1900b4b859", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For which film from 1982 did Schwarzenegger first gain fame?", "id": "56de64f9cffd8e1900b4b85a", "answers": [{"text": "Conan the Barbarian", "answer_start": 497}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old was Schwarzenegger when he won Mr. Universe?", "id": "56de64f9cffd8e1900b4b85b", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nickname did Schwarzenegger's co-stars call him by during his acting career?", "id": "56de64f9cffd8e1900b4b85c", "answers": [{"text": "Arnie", "answer_start": 1098}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger began weight training at the age of 15. He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times. Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent presence in bodybuilding and has written many books and articles on the sport. He is widely considered to be among the greatest bodybuilders of all times as well as its biggest icon. Schwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action film icon. His breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian in 1982, which was a box-office hit and resulted in a sequel. In 1984, he appeared in James Cameron's science-fiction thriller film The Terminator, which was a massive critical and box-office success. Schwarzenegger subsequently reprised the Terminator character in the franchise's later installments in 1991, 2003, and 2015. He appeared in a number of successful films, such as Commando (1985), The Running Man (1987), Predator (1987), Twins (1988), Total Recall (1990), Kindergarten Cop (1990) and True Lies (1994). He was nicknamed the \"Austrian Oak\" in his bodybuilding days, \"Arnie\" during his acting career, and \"The Governator\" (a portmanteau of \"Governor\" and \"The Terminator\", one of his best-known movie roles)."}], ["Sebagai seorang budak lelaki, Schwarzenegger memainkan beberapa sukan, yang dipengaruhi oleh ayahnya. Dia mengambil barbeku pertamanya pada tahun 1960, ketika jurulatih bola sepaknya membawa pasukannya ke gym tempatan. Pada usia 14 tahun, dia memilih bina badan dalam bola sepak sebagai kerjaya. Schwarzenegger telah menjawab satu soalan yang bertanya jika dia berusia 13 tahun ketika dia mula angkat berat: \"Saya sebenarnya memulakan latihan berat ketika saya berumur 15 tahun, tetapi saya telah mengambil bahagian dalam sukan, seperti bola sepak, selama bertahun-tahun, jadi saya merasakan bahawa walaupun saya langsing , Saya maju dengan baik, sekurang-kurangnya cukup supaya saya dapat pergi ke gim dan mula mengangkat Olimpik. \" Walau bagaimanapun, biografi laman web rasminya mendakwa: \"Pada usia 14 tahun, dia memulakan program latihan intensif dengan Dan Farmer, mempelajari psikologi pada 15 (untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut mengenai kekuatan minda di atas badan) dan pada 17, secara rasmi memulakan kerjaya kompetitifnya.\" Semasa ucapan pada tahun 2001, beliau berkata, \"Rancangan saya sendiri ketika saya berumur 14 tahun, ayah saya mahu saya menjadi pegawai polis seperti dia, ibu saya mahu saya pergi ke sekolah perdagangan.\" Schwarzenegger mengambil melawat gim di Graz, di mana dia juga sering menonton bioskop tempatan untuk melihat idola bina badan seperti Reg Park, Steve Reeves, dan Johnny Weissmuller di layar besar. Ketika Reeves meninggal pada tahun 2000, Schwarzenegger teringat kepadanya: \"Sebagai seorang remaja, saya dibesarkan dengan Steve Reeves. Pencapaiannya yang luar biasa membolehkan saya memahami apa yang mungkin, ketika orang lain di sekeliling saya tidak selalu memahami impian saya. menjadi sebahagian daripada segala yang pernah saya beruntung untuk dicapai. \" Pada tahun 1961, Schwarzenegger bertemu bekas Presiden Austria Kurt Marnul, yang menjemputnya melatih di gym di Graz. Dia begitu berdedikasi sebagai seorang anak muda yang dia masuk ke gym tempatan pada hujung minggu, ketika biasanya ditutup, sehingga ia dapat berlatih. \"Ia akan membuat saya sakit untuk terlepas latihan ... Saya tahu saya tidak dapat melihat diri saya di cermin keesokan harinya jika saya tidak melakukannya.\" Apabila Schwarzenegger ditanya mengenai pengalamannya yang pertama dalam filem itu, dia menjawab: \"Saya sangat muda, tetapi saya masih ingat ayah saya membawa saya ke teater Austria dan melihat beberapa berita berita filem sebenar yang saya lihat, saya ingat dengan jelas, adalah filem John Wayne. \" <> Apa sukan Schwarzenegger dimainkan membawa perjalanan ke gym yang mencetuskan cintakan angkat besi? || bola sepak <> Siapa yang membintangi filem pertama Schwarzenegger mengingat melihat? || John Wayne <> Pekerjaan apa yang ayah bapa Schwarzenegger mahu dia mengejar? || pegawai polis <> Manakah dari idola bina badan Schwarzenegger yang meninggal pada tahun 2000? || Steve Reeves", {"qas": [{"question": "What sport Schwarzenegger played led to a trip to the gym that sparked his love of weightlifting?", "id": "56de6f77cffd8e1900b4b8ba", "answers": [{"text": "soccer", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who starred in the first movie Schwarzenegger remembers seeing?", "id": "56de6f77cffd8e1900b4b8bb", "answers": [{"text": "John Wayne", "answer_start": 2155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What job did Schwarzenegger's father want him to pursue?", "id": "56de6f77cffd8e1900b4b8bc", "answers": [{"text": "police officer", "answer_start": 942}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of Schwarzenegger's bodybuilding idols died in 2000?", "id": "56de6f77cffd8e1900b4b8bd", "answers": [{"text": "Steve Reeves", "answer_start": 1155}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As a boy, Schwarzenegger played several sports, heavily influenced by his father. He picked up his first barbell in 1960, when his soccer coach took his team to a local gym. At the age of 14, he chose bodybuilding over soccer as a career. Schwarzenegger has responded to a question asking if he was 13 when he started weightlifting: \"I actually started weight training when I was 15, but I'd been participating in sports, like soccer, for years, so I felt that although I was slim, I was well-developed, at least enough so that I could start going to the gym and start Olympic lifting.\" However, his official website biography claims: \"At 14, he started an intensive training program with Dan Farmer, studied psychology at 15 (to learn more about the power of mind over body) and at 17, officially started his competitive career.\" During a speech in 2001, he said, \"My own plan formed when I was 14 years old. My father had wanted me to be a police officer like he was. My mother wanted me to go to trade school.\" Schwarzenegger took to visiting a gym in Graz, where he also frequented the local movie theaters to see bodybuilding idols such as Reg Park, Steve Reeves, and Johnny Weissmuller on the big screen. When Reeves died in 2000, Schwarzenegger fondly remembered him: \"As a teenager, I grew up with Steve Reeves. His remarkable accomplishments allowed me a sense of what was possible, when others around me didn't always understand my dreams. Steve Reeves has been part of everything I've ever been fortunate enough to achieve.\" In 1961, Schwarzenegger met former Mr. Austria Kurt Marnul, who invited him to train at the gym in Graz. He was so dedicated as a youngster that he broke into the local gym on weekends, when it was usually closed, so that he could train. \"It would make me sick to miss a workout... I knew I couldn't look at myself in the mirror the next morning if I didn't do it.\" When Schwarzenegger was asked about his first movie experience as a boy, he replied: \"I was very young, but I remember my father taking me to the Austrian theaters and seeing some newsreels. The first real movie I saw, that I distinctly remember, was a John Wayne movie.\""}], ["Schwarzenegger terus bekerja walaupun hari ini. Apabila ditanya mengenai latihan peribadinya semasa Arnold Classic 2011, dia berkata bahawa dia masih bekerja selama setengah jam dengan berat setiap hari. <> Pada tahun 2011, berapa banyak masa setiap hari yang dilakukan Schwarzenegger mengatakan dia mengangkat berat? || setengah jam", {"qas": [{"question": "In 2011, how much time each day did Schwarzenegger say he lifted weights? ", "id": "56de7d2d4396321400ee2967", "answers": [{"text": "half an hour", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger continues to work out even today. When asked about his personal training during the 2011 Arnold Classic he said that he was still working out a half an hour with weights every day."}], ["Salah satu pertandingan pertama yang dimenanginya ialah pertandingan Junior Mr. Europe pada tahun 1965. Dia memenangi Encik Eropah pada tahun berikutnya, pada usia 19 tahun. Dia akan bertanding dan menang banyak pertandingan bina badan. Kemenangan bina badannya termasuk lima Encik Universe (4 - NABBA [England], 1 - IFBB [Amerika Syarikat]), dan tujuh Encik Olympia menang, rekod yang akan berdiri sehingga Lee Haney memenangi gelaran En. Olympia kelapan berturut-turut pada tahun 1991 . <> Apakah gelaran bina badan yang dimenangi oleh Schwarzenegger pada tahun 1965? || Junior Mr. Europe <> Berapa kali Schwarzenegger memenangi gelaran Encik Olympia? || tujuh", {"qas": [{"question": "What bodybuilding title did Schwarzenegger win in 1965?", "id": "56de7b7fcffd8e1900b4b968", "answers": [{"text": "Junior Mr. Europe", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times did Schwarzenegger win the Mr. Olympia title?", "id": "56de7b7fcffd8e1900b4b969", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One of the first competitions he won was the Junior Mr. Europe contest in 1965. He won Mr. Europe the following year, at age 19. He would go on to compete in, and win, many bodybuilding contests. His bodybuilding victories included five Mr. Universe (4 \u2013 NABBA [England], 1 \u2013 IFBB [USA]) wins, and seven Mr. Olympia wins, a record which would stand until Lee Haney won his eighth consecutive Mr. Olympia title in 1991."}], ["Pada tahun 1967, Schwarzenegger memenangi pertandingan mengangkat batu Munich, di mana batu beratnya 508 pound Jerman (254 kg / 560 lbs) diangkat di antara kaki sambil berdiri di atas dua kaki bersandar. <> Dalam apa persaingan yang Schwarzenegger perlu mengangkat lebih dari 500 paun sambil mengimbangi dengan berjalan kaki? || Pertandingan mengangkat batu Munich", {"qas": [{"question": "In what competition did Schwarzenegger have to lift over 500 pounds while balancing on foot rests?", "id": "56de80edcffd8e1900b4b98e", "answers": [{"text": "Munich stone-lifting contest", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1967, Schwarzenegger won the Munich stone-lifting contest, in which a stone weighing 508 German pounds (254 kg/560 lbs.) is lifted between the legs while standing on two foot rests."}], ["Schwarzenegger dianggap sebagai tokoh yang paling penting dalam sejarah bina badan, dan warisannya diperingati dalam pertandingan bina badan tahunan Arnold Classic. Schwarzenegger tetap mempunyai wajah yang menonjol dalam sukan bina badan lama selepas pensiunnya, sebahagiannya kerana pemilikan gim dan majalah kecergasannya. Beliau telah mempengerusikan banyak pertandingan dan pertunjukan anugerah. <> Apa pertandingan bina badan yang dinamakan selepas Schwarzenegger? || Arnold Classic", {"qas": [{"question": "What bodybuilding competition is named after Schwarzenegger?", "id": "56de7567cffd8e1900b4b942", "answers": [{"text": "the Arnold Classic", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger is considered among the most important figures in the history of bodybuilding, and his legacy is commemorated in the Arnold Classic annual bodybuilding competition. Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent face in the bodybuilding sport long after his retirement, in part because of his ownership of gyms and fitness magazines. He has presided over numerous contests and awards shows."}], ["Beliau memberitahu bahawa pada masa ini, dia berlari ke kawan yang memberitahu dia bahawa dia mengajar Meditasi Transendental (TM), yang mendorong Schwarzenegger untuk mendedahkan bahawa dia telah berjuang dengan kecemasan untuk pertama kalinya dalam hidupnya: \"Bahkan hari ini, saya masih mendapat keuntungan dari [tahun TM] kerana saya tidak menggabungkan dan membawa perkara bersama dan melihat semuanya sebagai satu masalah besar. \" <> Apakah TM berdiri? || Meditasi Transendental <> Apakah masalah psikologi yang Schwarzenegger mengatakan bahawa dia bergelut dengan? || kebimbangan", {"qas": [{"question": "What does TM stand for?", "id": "56de74decffd8e1900b4b93e", "answers": [{"text": "Transcendental Meditation", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What psychological problem did Schwarzenegger say he struggled with?", "id": "56de74decffd8e1900b4b93f", "answers": [{"text": "anxiety", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "He tells that during this time he ran into a friend who told him that he was teaching Transcendental Meditation (TM), which prompted Schwarzenegger to reveal he had been struggling with anxiety for the first time in his life: \"Even today, I still benefit from [the year of TM] because I don't merge and bring things together and see everything as one big problem.\""}], ["Firma undang-undang imigresen Siskind & Susser telah menyatakan bahawa Schwarzenegger mungkin telah menjadi pendatang tanpa izin pada suatu ketika pada akhir 1960-an atau awal 1970-an kerana pelanggaran dalam syarat visanya. LA Weekly kemudiannya berkata pada tahun 2002 bahawa Schwarzenegger adalah pendatang yang paling terkenal di Amerika, yang \"mengatasi aksen Austria tebal dan melampaui latar belakang binaraga yang tidak mungkin menjadi bintang filem terbesar di dunia pada tahun 1990-an\". <> Apa majalah yang dipanggil Schwarzenegger Amerika yang paling terkenal imigran? || LA Mingguan", {"qas": [{"question": "What magazine called Schwarzenegger America's most famous immigrant?", "id": "56de73fd4396321400ee2939", "answers": [{"text": "LA Weekly", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Immigration law firm Siskind & Susser have stated that Schwarzenegger may have been an illegal immigrant at some point in the late 1960s or early 1970s because of violations in the terms of his visa. LA Weekly would later say in 2002 that Schwarzenegger is the most famous immigrant in America, who \"overcame a thick Austrian accent and transcended the unlikely background of bodybuilding to become the biggest movie star in the world in the 1990s\"."}], ["Pada tahun 1977, buku autobiografi / panduan latihan Schwarzenegger Arnold: Pendidikan sebuah bina badan telah diterbitkan dan menjadi satu kejayaan besar. Setelah mengambil kelas Bahasa Inggeris di Santa Monica College di California, beliau memperoleh BA oleh koresponden dari University of Wisconsin-Superior, di mana dia lulus dengan ijazah dalam pemasaran pentadbiran kecergasan dan perniagaan antarabangsa pada tahun 1979. <> Apakah gelaran Schwarzenegger pada tahun 1977 buku? || Arnold: Pendidikan Pembina Bina badan <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh kolej Schwarzenegger tetapi tidak menerima ijazahnya? || Kolej Santa Monica", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the title of Schwarzenegger's 1977 book?", "id": "56de7471cffd8e1900b4b93a", "answers": [{"text": "Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what college did Schwarzenegger study but not receive his degree?", "id": "56de7471cffd8e1900b4b93b", "answers": [{"text": "Santa Monica College", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1977, Schwarzenegger's autobiography/weight-training guide Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder was published and became a huge success. After taking English classes at Santa Monica College in California, he earned a BA by correspondence from the University of Wisconsin\u2013Superior, where he graduated with a degree in international marketing of fitness and business administration in 1979."}], ["Matlamat Schwarzenegger adalah untuk menjadi pembina badan terbesar di dunia, yang bermaksud menjadi En. Olympia. Percubaan pertamanya adalah pada tahun 1969, ketika ia kalah kepada juara tiga kali, Sergio Oliva. Walau bagaimanapun, Schwarzenegger kembali pada tahun 1970 dan memenangi pertandingan itu, menjadikannya anak sulung yang pernah menjadi Encik Olympia pada usia 23 tahun, rekod yang masih dipegangnya hingga ke hari ini. <> Apa tahun pertama Schwarzenegger cuba untuk memenangi gelaran Encik Olympia? || 1969 <> Yang memenangi Encik Olympia 1969? || Sergio Oliva <> Di mana peraduan En. Olympia tahun itu Schwarzenegger menjadi orang termuda untuk memenangi gelaran? || 1970 <> Berapa lama Schwarzenegger ketika dia memenangi Encik Olympia pada tahun 1970? || 23", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did Schwarzenegger first try to win the Mr. Olympia title?", "id": "56de81a14396321400ee299b", "answers": [{"text": "1969", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who won Mr. Olympia 1969?", "id": "56de81a14396321400ee299c", "answers": [{"text": "Sergio Oliva", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At which year's Mr. Olympia contest did Schwarzenegger become the youngest person to win the title?", "id": "56de81a14396321400ee299d", "answers": [{"text": "1970", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old was Schwarzenegger when he won Mr. Olympia in 1970?", "id": "56de81a14396321400ee299e", "answers": [{"text": "23", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger's goal was to become the greatest bodybuilder in the world, which meant becoming Mr. Olympia. His first attempt was in 1969, when he lost to three-time champion Sergio Oliva. However, Schwarzenegger came back in 1970 and won the competition, making him the youngest ever Mr. Olympia at the age of 23, a record he still holds to this day."}], ["Schwarzenegger, yang bermimpi bergerak ke A.S. sejak berumur 10 tahun, dan melihat bina badan sebagai jalan menuju ke arahnya, menyedari impiannya dengan berpindah ke Amerika Syarikat pada September 1968 pada usia 21 tahun, bercakap sedikit bahasa Inggeris. Di sana dia dilatih di Gold's Gym di Venice, Los Angeles, California, di bawah Joe Weider. Dari tahun 1970 hingga 1974, salah satu rakan latihan berat Schwarzenegger adalah Ric Drasin, seorang ahli gusti profesional yang merancang logo Gold's Gym asal pada tahun 1973. Schwarzenegger juga menjadi kawan baik dengan pegulat profesional Superstar Billy Graham. Pada tahun 1970, pada usia 23 tahun, dia merangkul gelaran Encik Olympia pertamanya di New York, dan akan memenangi gelaran sebanyak tujuh kali. <> Berapa lama Schwarzenegger ketika dia mula berharap dia akan pindah ke Amerika? || 10 <> Berapa lama Schwarzenegger ketika dia berpindah ke A.S.? || 21 <> Dalam apa negeri yang Schwarzenegger menuntut gelaran En. Olympia pertamanya? || New York <> Apa nama ahli gusti profesional yang merancang logo pertama untuk Gim Emas? || Ric Drasin", {"qas": [{"question": "How old was Schwarzenegger when he started hoping he'd move to America?", "id": "56de73b2cffd8e1900b4b924", "answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old was Schwarzenegger when he moved to the U.S.?", "id": "56de73b2cffd8e1900b4b925", "answers": [{"text": "21", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what state did Schwarzenegger claim his first Mr. Olympia title?", "id": "56de73b2cffd8e1900b4b926", "answers": [{"text": "New York", "answer_start": 639}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the name of the professional wrestler who designed the first logo for Gold's Gym?", "id": "56de73b2cffd8e1900b4b927", "answers": [{"text": "Ric Drasin", "answer_start": 398}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger, who dreamed of moving to the U.S. since the age of 10, and saw bodybuilding as the avenue through which to do so, realized his dream by moving to the United States in September 1968 at the age of 21, speaking little English. There he trained at Gold's Gym in Venice, Los Angeles, California, under Joe Weider. From 1970 to 1974, one of Schwarzenegger's weight training partners was Ric Drasin, a professional wrestler who designed the original Gold's Gym logo in 1973. Schwarzenegger also became good friends with professional wrestler Superstar Billy Graham. In 1970, at age 23, he captured his first Mr. Olympia title in New York, and would go on to win the title a total of seven times."}], ["Selama bertahun-tahun, dia menulis lajur bulanan untuk majalah Bina badan dan Flex dan majalah. Tidak lama selepas dipilih sebagai Gabenor, beliau telah dilantik sebagai editor eksekutif kedua-dua majalah, dalam kapasiti simboliknya. Majalah bersetuju untuk menyumbangkan $ 250,000 setahun kepada pelbagai inisiatif kecergasan fizikal Gabenor. Apabila perjanjian itu, termasuk kontrak yang memberikan Schwarzenegger sekurang-kurangnya $ 1 juta setahun, telah dipublikasikan pada tahun 2005, ramai yang mengkritiknya sebagai konflik kepentingan sejak pejabat gabenor membuat keputusan mengenai peraturan suplemen makanan di California. Akibatnya, Schwarzenegger melepaskan peranan editor eksekutif pada tahun 2005. American Media Inc., yang memiliki Muscle & Fitness dan Flex, mengumumkan pada bulan Mac 2013 bahawa Schwarzenegger telah menerima tawaran baru mereka untuk menjadi editor eksekutif majalah. <> Berapa kerapkah Schwarzenegger menulis lajur untuk Otot & Kecergasan dan Flex? || setiap bulan <> Seberapa banyak majalah Schwarzenegger menulis untuk ikrar untuk menyumbang kepada inisiatif kecergasan fizikal setiap tahun ketika ia menjadi Gubernur? || $ 250,000 <> Kedudukan apa yang Schwarzenegger memegang seketika pada Muscle & Fitness and Flex? || editor eksekutif", {"qas": [{"question": "How frequently did Schwarzenegger write a column for Muscle & Fitness and Flex?", "id": "56de771dcffd8e1900b4b94e", "answers": [{"text": "monthly", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did the magazines Schwarzenegger wrote for pledge to contribute to physical fitness initiatives each year when he was Governor?", "id": "56de771dcffd8e1900b4b94f", "answers": [{"text": "$250,000", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What position did Schwarzenegger briefly hold at Muscle & Fitness and Flex?", "id": "56de771dcffd8e1900b4b950", "answers": [{"text": "executive editor", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "For many years, he wrote a monthly column for the bodybuilding magazines Muscle & Fitness and Flex. Shortly after being elected Governor, he was appointed executive editor of both magazines, in a largely symbolic capacity. The magazines agreed to donate $250,000 a year to the Governor's various physical fitness initiatives. When the deal, including the contract that gave Schwarzenegger at least $1 million a year, was made public in 2005, many criticized it as being a conflict of interest since the governor's office made decisions concerning regulation of dietary supplements in California. Consequently, Schwarzenegger relinquished the executive editor role in 2005. American Media Inc., which owns Muscle & Fitness and Flex, announced in March 2013 that Schwarzenegger had accepted their renewed offer to be executive editor of the magazines."}], ["Schwarzenegger telah mengaku menggunakan steroid anabolik yang meningkatkan performa semasa mereka adalah undang-undang, menulis pada 1977 bahawa \"steroid membantu saya dalam mengekalkan saiz otot semasa pemakanan yang ketat dalam persediaan untuk pertandingan. Saya tidak menggunakannya untuk pertumbuhan otot, tetapi sebaliknya untuk penyelenggaraan otot ketika memotong. \" Dia telah memanggil ubat \"bangunan tisu.\" <> Dalam tahun apakah Schwarzenegger menulis bahawa dia menggunakan steroid anabolik kerana mereka \"membantu\"? || 1977", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Schwarzenegger write that he used anabolic steroid because they were \"helpful\"?", "id": "56de8411cffd8e1900b4b9cc", "answers": [{"text": "1977", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger has admitted to using performance-enhancing anabolic steroids while they were legal, writing in 1977 that \"steroids were helpful to me in maintaining muscle size while on a strict diet in preparation for a contest. I did not use them for muscle growth, but rather for muscle maintenance when cutting up.\" He has called the drugs \"tissue building.\""}], ["Semasa tahun 1980-an, para penonton mempunyai selera untuk filem tindakan, dengan kedua-dua Schwarzenegger dan Sylvester Stallone menjadi bintang antarabangsa. Peranan Schwarzenegger mencerminkan rasa humornya, memisahkannya daripada filem wira tindakan yang lebih serius, seperti poster alam semesta alternatif untuk Terminator 2: Hari Penghakiman yang membintangi Stallone dalam aksi komedi Thriller Last Hero. Beliau membuat beberapa filem yang berjaya, seperti Commando (1985), Raw Deal (1986), The Running Man (1987), Predator (1987), dan Red Heat (1988). <> Apa tindakan bintang lain yang melanda antarabangsa pada tahun 1980-an? || Sylvester Stallone <> Tahun apa filem Schwarzenegger The Running Man dibebaskan? || 1987", {"qas": [{"question": "What other action star was an international hit in the 1980s?", "id": "56de8b764396321400ee2a0d", "answers": [{"text": "Sylvester Stallone", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Schwarzenegger's film The Running Man released?", "id": "56de8b764396321400ee2a0e", "answers": [{"text": "1987", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the 1980s, audiences had an appetite for action films, with both Schwarzenegger and Sylvester Stallone becoming international stars. Schwarzenegger's roles reflected his sense of humor, separating him from more serious action hero films, such as the alternative universe poster for Terminator 2: Judgment Day starring Stallone in the comedy thriller Last Action Hero. He made a number of successful films, such as Commando (1985), Raw Deal (1986), The Running Man (1987), Predator (1987), and Red Heat (1988)."}], ["Dia meneruskan rentak kemenangannya dalam pertandingan 1971-74. Pada tahun 1975, Schwarzenegger sekali lagi dalam bentuk teratas, dan memenangi gelaran untuk kali keenam berturut-turut, mengalahkan Franco Columbu. Selepas pertandingan En. Olympia tahun 1975, Schwarzenegger mengumumkan persaraannya dari bina badan profesional. <> Siapa yang mengalahkan Schwarzenegger untuk memenangi keenam En. Olympia berturut-turut? || Franco Columbu <> Tahun apa Schwarzenegger berhenti bersaing sebagai pembina badan profesional? || 1975 <> Apakah persaingan terakhir Schwarzenegger sebelum persaraan? || Encik Olympia", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Schwarzenegger beat to win his sixth Mr. Olympia in a row?", "id": "56de82394396321400ee29a3", "answers": [{"text": "Franco Columbu", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Schwarzenegger quit competing as a professional bodybuilder?", "id": "56de82394396321400ee29a4", "answers": [{"text": "1975", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Schwarzenegger's last competition before retirement?", "id": "56de82394396321400ee29a5", "answers": [{"text": "Mr. Olympia", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "He continued his winning streak in the 1971\u201374 competitions. In 1975, Schwarzenegger was once again in top form, and won the title for the sixth consecutive time, beating Franco Columbu. After the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest, Schwarzenegger announced his retirement from professional bodybuilding."}], ["Twins (1988), komedi dengan Danny DeVito, juga terbukti berjaya. Total Recall (1990) menjaringkan Schwarzenegger $ 10 juta dan 15% daripada keseluruhan filem itu. Skrip fiksyen sains, filem itu berdasarkan cerita pendek Philip K. Dick yang \"Kami Boleh Ingatkan Untuk Borong Anda\". Tadika Tadika (1990) menyatukannya dengan pengarah Ivan Reitman, yang mengarahkannya ke Twins. Schwarzenegger mempunyai kehadiran ringkas untuk mengarahkan, pertama dengan episod siri TV Tales dari Crypt yang berjudul \"The Switch\", dan kemudian dengan Natal tahun 1992 telemovie di Connecticut. Dia tidak pernah mengarahkannya. <> Apakah tajuk filem komedi Schwarzenegger membintangi dengan Danny DeVito pada tahun 1988? || Twins <> Berapa banyak yang dibuat Schwarzenegger dari filem Total Recall, lebih daripada 15% daripada kotor? || $ 10 juta <> Apa filem TV 1992 yang dikeluarkan oleh Schwarzenegger? || Krismas di Connecticut <> Satu episod mengenai apa rancangan TV yang terkenal ialah penerbitan sulung Schwarzenegger? || Tales dari Crypt", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the title of the comedy movie Schwarzenegger starred in with Danny DeVito in 1988?", "id": "56de8c374396321400ee2a11", "answers": [{"text": "Twins", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did Schwarzenegger make from the film Total Recall, on top of 15% of gross?", "id": "56de8c374396321400ee2a12", "answers": [{"text": "$10 million", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What 1992 TV movie did Schwarzenegger direct?", "id": "56de8c374396321400ee2a13", "answers": [{"text": "Christmas in Connecticut", "answer_start": 530}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "An episode of what well-known TV series was Schwarzenegger's directorial debut?", "id": "56de8c374396321400ee2a14", "answers": [{"text": "Tales from the Crypt", "answer_start": 452}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Twins (1988), a comedy with Danny DeVito, also proved successful. Total Recall (1990) netted Schwarzenegger $10 million and 15% of the film's gross. A science fiction script, the film was based on the Philip K. Dick short story \"We Can Remember It for You Wholesale\". Kindergarten Cop (1990) reunited him with director Ivan Reitman, who directed him in Twins. Schwarzenegger had a brief foray into directing, first with a 1990 episode of the TV series Tales from the Crypt, entitled \"The Switch\", and then with the 1992 telemovie Christmas in Connecticut. He has not directed since."}], ["Filem terobosan Schwarzenegger adalah epik pedang-dan-sihir Conan the Barbarian pada tahun 1982, yang melanda kotak-pejabat. Ini diikuti dengan sekuel, Conan the Destroyer, pada tahun 1984, walaupun ia tidak berjaya sebagai pendahulu. Pada tahun 1983, Schwarzenegger membintangi video promosi, Karnival di Rio. Pada tahun 1984, dia membuat penampilan pertamanya sebagai watak eponim, dan apa yang dikatakan oleh beberapa orang ialah peranan tandatangan kerjayanya, dalam filem pengejaran fiksyen sains James Cameron, The Terminator. Berikutan itu, Schwarzenegger membuat Red Sonja pada tahun 1985. <> Apakah tajuk sekuel kepada Conan the Barbarian? || Conan the Destroyer <> Tahun berapa adalah filem Terminator yang pertama dikeluarkan? || 1984 <> Siapa yang mengarahkan Terminator itu? || James Cameron", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the title of the sequel to Conan the Barbarian?", "id": "56de8b184396321400ee2a07", "answers": [{"text": "Conan the Destroyer", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the first Terminator movie released?", "id": "56de8b184396321400ee2a08", "answers": [{"text": "1984", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who directed The Terminator?", "id": "56de8b184396321400ee2a09", "answers": [{"text": "James Cameron", "answer_start": 446}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger's breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian in 1982, which was a box-office hit. This was followed by a sequel, Conan the Destroyer, in 1984, although it was not as successful as its predecessor. In 1983, Schwarzenegger starred in the promotional video, Carnival in Rio. In 1984, he made his first appearance as the eponymous character, and what some would say was his acting career's signature role, in James Cameron's science fiction thriller film The Terminator. Following this, Schwarzenegger made Red Sonja in 1985."}], ["Pada tahun 1999, Schwarzenegger menyaman Dr Willi Heepe, seorang doktor Jerman yang secara umum meramalkan kematian awalnya berdasarkan hubungan antara kegunaan steroid dan masalah jantungnya yang kemudian. Oleh kerana doktor tidak pernah meneliti dirinya secara peribadi, Schwarzenegger mengutip penghakiman liberal AS $ 10,000 terhadapnya di mahkamah Jerman. Pada tahun 1999, Schwarzenegger juga menyaman dan menetap dengan The Globe, sebuah tabloid A.S. yang telah membuat ramalan yang sama tentang kesihatan masa hadapan binaraga. <> Apa doktor Jerman yang dituduh oleh Schwarzenegger? || Dr. Willi Heepe <> Berapa banyakkah penghargaan pengadilan Schwarzenegger dalam kes terhadap Heepe? || $ 10,000 <> Yang tabloid A.S. A diletakkan di luar mahkamah dengan Schwarzenegger pada tahun 1999? || The Globe", {"qas": [{"question": "What German doctor was sued by Schwarzenegger?", "id": "56de84a84396321400ee29d1", "answers": [{"text": "Dr. Willi Heepe", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did the court award Schwarzenegger in the case against Heepe?", "id": "56de84a84396321400ee29d2", "answers": [{"text": "$10,000", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which U.S. tabloid settled out of court with Schwarzenegger in 1999?", "id": "56de84a84396321400ee29d3", "answers": [{"text": "The Globe", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1999, Schwarzenegger sued Dr. Willi Heepe, a German doctor who publicly predicted his early death on the basis of a link between his steroid use and his later heart problems. As the doctor had never examined him personally, Schwarzenegger collected a US$10,000 libel judgment against him in a German court. In 1999, Schwarzenegger also sued and settled with The Globe, a U.S. tabloid which had made similar predictions about the bodybuilder's future health."}], ["Schwarzenegger menarik perhatian dan meningkatkan profilnya dalam filem Pembuatan Besi (1977), unsur-unsur yang telah didekripsi; pada tahun 1991, beliau membeli hak untuk filem itu, stoknya, dan fotografi yang masih berkaitan. Pada tahun 1977, beliau juga muncul dalam satu episod komedi situasi ABC The San Pedro Beach Bums. Schwarzenegger mengikuti audisi untuk peranan tajuk The Incredible Hulk, tetapi tidak memenangi peranan itu kerana ketinggiannya. Kemudian, Lou Ferrigno mendapat sebahagian daripada ego alter Dr David Banner. Schwarzenegger muncul dengan Kirk Douglas dan Ann-Margret dalam komedi 1979 The Villain. Pada tahun 1980, dia membintangi filem biografi daripada aktres 1950-an Jayne Mansfield sebagai suami Mansfield, Mickey Hargitay. <> Bilakah Schwarzenegger membeli hak kepada filem Pumping Iron? || 1991 <> Dalam tahun apakah Schwarzenegger memainkan suami Jayne Mansfield dalam filem? || 1980 <> Peranan apa yang Schwarzenegger ketinggalan kerana ketinggiannya? || The Incredible Hulk <> Apa 1979 filem komedi menampilkan Schwarzenegger, Kirk Douglas, dan Ann-Margret? || The Villain", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Schwarzenegger purchase the rights to the film Pumping Iron?", "id": "56de8a8c4396321400ee29ff", "answers": [{"text": "1991", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Schwarzenegger play Jayne Mansfield's husband in a film?", "id": "56de8a8c4396321400ee2a00", "answers": [{"text": "1980", "answer_start": 599}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What role did Schwarzenegger miss out on because of his height?", "id": "56de8a8c4396321400ee2a01", "answers": [{"text": "The Incredible Hulk", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What 1979 comedy film featured Schwarzenegger, Kirk Douglas, and Ann-Margret?", "id": "56de8a8c4396321400ee2a02", "answers": [{"text": "The Villain", "answer_start": 583}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger drew attention and boosted his profile in the bodybuilding film Pumping Iron (1977), elements of which were dramatized; in 1991, he purchased the rights to the film, its outtakes, and associated still photography. In 1977, he also appeared in an episode of the ABC situation comedy The San Pedro Beach Bums. Schwarzenegger auditioned for the title role of The Incredible Hulk, but did not win the role because of his height. Later, Lou Ferrigno got the part of Dr. David Banner's alter ego. Schwarzenegger appeared with Kirk Douglas and Ann-Margret in the 1979 comedy The Villain. In 1980, he starred in a biographical film of the 1950s actress Jayne Mansfield as Mansfield's husband, Mickey Hargitay."}], ["Bulan sebelum tahun 1975 En. Olympia bertanding, pembuat filem George Butler dan Robert Fiore memujuk Schwarzenegger untuk bersaing, untuk melatih latihan dalam dokumentari bina badan yang dipanggil Pumping Iron. Schwarzenegger hanya mempunyai tiga bulan untuk mempersiapkan persaingan, selepas kehilangan berat badan yang ketara untuk muncul dalam filem Stay Hungry dengan Jeff Bridges. Lou Ferrigno terbukti tidak menjadi ancaman, dan Schwarzenegger lebih ringan daripada biasa memenangi 1975 Encik Olympia. <> Apakah nama filem bina badan Schwarzenegger membintangi? || Pumping Iron <> Berapa banyak masa yang harus dilatih Schwarzenegger untuk pertandingan En. Olympia 1975? || tiga bulan <> Siapa yang membintangi dengan Schwarzenegger dalam filem Stay Hungry? || Jeff Bridges", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the bodybuilding film Schwarzenegger starred in?", "id": "56de82c84396321400ee29ab", "answers": [{"text": "Pumping Iron", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much time did Schwarzenegger have to train for the 1975 Mr. Olympia competition?", "id": "56de82c84396321400ee29ac", "answers": [{"text": "three months", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who co-starred with Schwarzenegger in the film Stay Hungry?", "id": "56de82c84396321400ee29ad", "answers": [{"text": "Jeff Bridges", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Months before the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest, filmmakers George Butler and Robert Fiore persuaded Schwarzenegger to compete, in order to film his training in the bodybuilding documentary called Pumping Iron. Schwarzenegger had only three months to prepare for the competition, after losing significant weight to appear in the film Stay Hungry with Jeff Bridges. Lou Ferrigno proved not to be a threat, and a lighter-than-usual Schwarzenegger convincingly won the 1975 Mr. Olympia."}], ["Schwarzenegger keluar dari persaraan, bagaimanapun, untuk bertanding pada tahun 1980 Encik Olympia. Schwarzenegger menjalani latihan untuk peranannya di Conan, dan dia mendapat bentuk yang baik kerana berlari, menunggang kuda dan latihan pedang, bahawa dia memutuskan untuk memenangi pertandingan Encik Olympia kali terakhir. Dia menyimpan pelan ini sebagai rahsia, sekiranya kemalangan latihan akan menghalang kemasukannya dan menyebabkan dia kehilangan muka. Schwarzenegger telah diupah untuk memberikan ulasan warna untuk televisyen rangkaian, apabila dia mengumumkan pada jam kesebelas ketika dia berada di sana: \"Kenapa tidak bersaing?\" Schwarzenegger akhirnya memenangi acara itu dengan hanya tujuh minggu persiapan. Selepas diisytiharkan Encik Olympia untuk kali ketujuh, Schwarzenegger kemudiannya bersara secara rasmi dari persaingan. <> Untuk apa peranan Hollywood adalah latihan Schwarzenegger pada tahun 1980? || Conan <> Berapa banyak minggu yang Schwarzenegger menghabiskan bersiap untuk pertandingan Encik Olympia tahun 1980? || tujuh <> Berapa kali Schwarzenegger menang Encik Olympia sebelum bersara untuk kebaikan? || tujuh", {"qas": [{"question": "For what Hollywood role was Schwarzenegger training in 1980?", "id": "56de83454396321400ee29b9", "answers": [{"text": "Conan", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many weeks did Schwarzenegger spend getting ready for the 1980 Mr. Olympia contest?", "id": "56de83454396321400ee29ba", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 635}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times did Schwarzenegger win Mr. Olympia before retiring for good?", "id": "56de83454396321400ee29bb", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 635}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger came out of retirement, however, to compete in the 1980 Mr. Olympia. Schwarzenegger was training for his role in Conan, and he got into such good shape because of the running, horseback riding and sword training, that he decided he wanted to win the Mr. Olympia contest one last time. He kept this plan a secret, in the event that a training accident would prevent his entry and cause him to lose face. Schwarzenegger had been hired to provide color commentary for network television, when he announced at the eleventh hour that while he was there: \"Why not compete?\" Schwarzenegger ended up winning the event with only seven weeks of preparation. After being declared Mr. Olympia for a seventh time, Schwarzenegger then officially retired from competition."}], ["Schwarzenegger mahu bergerak dari bina badan menjadi lakonan, akhirnya berjaya apabila dia dipilih untuk memainkan peranan Hercules pada tahun 1970 di Hercules di New York. Diiktiraf dengan nama \"Arnold Strong,\" aksennya dalam filem itu begitu tebal sehingga garisannya dijuluki selepas pengeluaran. Penampilan filem keduanya adalah sebagai seorang lelaki bisu bisu yang tidak bermaruah untuk orang ramai dalam pengarah Robert Altman The Long Goodbye (1973), yang diikuti oleh bahagian yang lebih penting dalam filem Stay Hungry (1976), yang mana dia dianugerahkan Golden Globe untuk Bintang Lelaki Terbaik Tahun Ini. Schwarzenegger telah membincangkan perjuangan awalnya dalam mengembangkan kerjaya lakonannya. \"Ia sangat sukar untuk saya pada mulanya - saya diberitahu oleh agen dan menghantar orang bahawa badan saya 'terlalu pelik', saya mempunyai aksen lucu, dan nama saya terlalu panjang. saya perlu mengubahnya. Pada asasnya, di mana-mana saya berpaling, saya diberitahu bahawa saya tidak mempunyai peluang. \" <> Apakah peranan filem pertama Schwarzenegger? || Hercules <> Apa nama terakhirnya ialah Schwarzenegger ketika dia membintangi Hercules di New York? || Strong <> Pada tahun 1973, yang mengarahkan Schwarzenegger sebagai pemain hit di The Long Goodbye? || Peranan Robert Altman <> Schwarzenegger dalam Stay Hungry menyebabkan kemenangan Golden Globe dalam kategori apa? || New Male of the Year <> Apa sifat kata sifat Schwarzenegger mengatakan agen digunakan untuk menggambarkan tubuhnya? || pelik", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Schwarzenegger's first film role?", "id": "56de86024396321400ee29ef", "answers": [{"text": "Hercules", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What last name was Schwarzenegger going by when he starred in Hercules in New York?  ", "id": "56de86024396321400ee29f0", "answers": [{"text": "Strong", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1973, who directed Schwarzenegger as a hit-man in The Long Goodbye?", "id": "56de86024396321400ee29f1", "answers": [{"text": "Robert Altman", "answer_start": 362}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Schwarzenegger's role in Stay Hungry led to a Golden Globe win in what category?", "id": "56de86024396321400ee29f2", "answers": [{"text": "New Male Star of the Year", "answer_start": 530}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What adjective did Schwarzenegger say agents used to describe his body?", "id": "56de86024396321400ee29f3", "answers": [{"text": "weird", "answer_start": 750}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger wanted to move from bodybuilding into acting, finally achieving it when he was chosen to play the role of Hercules in 1970's Hercules in New York. Credited under the name \"Arnold Strong,\" his accent in the film was so thick that his lines were dubbed after production. His second film appearance was as a deaf mute hit-man for the mob in director Robert Altman's The Long Goodbye (1973), which was followed by a much more significant part in the film Stay Hungry (1976), for which he was awarded a Golden Globe for New Male Star of the Year. Schwarzenegger has discussed his early struggles in developing his acting career. \"It was very difficult for me in the beginning \u2013 I was told by agents and casting people that my body was 'too weird', that I had a funny accent, and that my name was too long. You name it, and they told me I had to change it. Basically, everywhere I turned, I was told that I had no chance.\""}], ["Schwarzenegger telah menjadi Republikan berdaftar selama bertahun-tahun. Sebagai seorang pelakon, pandangan politiknya selalu terkenal kerana mereka bertentangan dengan banyak bintang Hollywood yang terkenal, yang umumnya dianggap sebagai masyarakat liberal dan demokratik. Pada Konvensyen Nasional Republik 2004, Schwarzenegger memberi ucapan dan menjelaskan mengapa dia seorang Republikan: <> Pada tahun apakah Schwarzenegger bercakap pada Konvensyen Nasional Republikan? || 2004", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Schwarzenegger speak at the Republican National Convention?", "id": "56de92a3cffd8e1900b4b9fa", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger has been a registered Republican for many years. As an actor, his political views were always well known as they contrasted with those of many other prominent Hollywood stars, who are generally considered to be a liberal and Democratic-leaning community. At the 2004 Republican National Convention, Schwarzenegger gave a speech and explained why he was a Republican:"}], ["Pelantikan politik pertama Schwarzenegger adalah sebagai pengerusi Majlis Presiden mengenai Kebugaran dan Sukan Fizikal, di mana beliau berkhidmat dari tahun 1990 hingga 1993. Dia dicalonkan oleh George H. W. Bush, yang menggelarnya sebagai \"Conan the Republican\". Beliau kemudiannya berkhidmat sebagai Pengerusi Majlis Gabenor California mengenai Kebugaran dan Sukan Fizikal di bawah Gubernur Pete Wilson. <> Apa nama samarannya George H.W. Bush memberi kepada Schwarzenegger? || Conan the Republican", {"qas": [{"question": "What nickname did George H.W. Bush give to Schwarzenegger?", "id": "56de94c84396321400ee2a41", "answers": [{"text": "Conan the Republican", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger's first political appointment was as chairman of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, on which he served from 1990 to 1993. He was nominated by George H. W. Bush, who dubbed him \"Conan the Republican\". He later served as Chairman for the California Governor's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports under Governor Pete Wilson."}], ["Sebagai penghormatan kepada Schwarzenegger pada tahun 2002, Forum Stadtpark, persatuan kebudayaan tempatan, mencadangkan rancangan untuk membina patung Terminator yang tinggi 25 meter di sebuah taman di pusat Graz. Schwarzenegger dilaporkan berkata dia agak tersanjung, tetapi fikir wang itu lebih baik dibelanjakan untuk projek-projek sosial dan Olimpik Khas. <> Berapa kaki tinggi adalah patung Schwarzenegger yang dicadangkan? || 82 <> Apakah nama persatuan kebudayaan yang mahu membina patung Terminator? || Forum Stadtpark", {"qas": [{"question": "How many feet tall was the proposed statue of Schwarzenegger?", "id": "56de8ef74396321400ee2a19", "answers": [{"text": "82", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the cultural association that wanted to build a Terminator statue?", "id": "56de8ef74396321400ee2a1a", "answers": [{"text": "Forum Stadtpark", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In tribute to Schwarzenegger in 2002, Forum Stadtpark, a local cultural association, proposed plans to build a 25-meter (82 ft) tall Terminator statue in a park in central Graz. Schwarzenegger reportedly said he was flattered, but thought the money would be better spent on social projects and the Special Olympics."}], ["Pada tahun 1985, Schwarzenegger muncul dalam \"Stop the Madness\", sebuah video muzik anti-dadah yang ditaja oleh pentadbiran Reagan. Dia pertama kali menyampaikan notis awam secara luas sebagai Republikan semasa pemilihan presiden tahun 1988, yang menyertainya sebagai Naib Presiden George H.W. Bush pada perhimpunan kempen. <> Apakah tajuk video muzik anti-dadah Schwarzenegger muncul di bawah penajaan pentadbiran Reagan? || \"Hentikan Kegilaan\" <> Dalam apa tahun pemilihan presiden Schwarzenegger membuat nama dirinya sebagai Republikan yang terkenal? || 1988 <> Calon yang mana Schwarzenegger muncul dengan perhimpunan kempen presiden? || George H.W. Bush", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the title of the anti-drug music video Schwarzenegger appeared in under the Reagan administration's sponsorship?", "id": "56de93f94396321400ee2a35", "answers": [{"text": "\"Stop the Madness\"", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what presidential election year did Schwarzenegger make a name for himself as a prominent Republican?", "id": "56de93f94396321400ee2a36", "answers": [{"text": "1988", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which candidate did Schwarzenegger appear with at a presidential campaign rally?", "id": "56de93f94396321400ee2a37", "answers": [{"text": "George H.W. Bush", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1985, Schwarzenegger appeared in \"Stop the Madness\", an anti-drug music video sponsored by the Reagan administration. He first came to wide public notice as a Republican during the 1988 presidential election, accompanying then-Vice President George H.W. Bush at a campaign rally."}], ["Dalam temu bual dengan majalah Talk pada akhir 1999, Schwarzenegger ditanya sama ada dia berfikir untuk berlari. Dia menjawab, \"Saya berfikir tentangnya berkali-kali. Kemungkinan ada, kerana saya rasa di dalamnya.\" Wartawan Hollywood mendakwa tidak lama selepas Schwarzenegger berusaha untuk menamatkan spekulasi bahawa dia mungkin berlari untuk gabenor California. Berikutan komen awalnya, Schwarzenegger berkata, \"Saya berada dalam perniagaan persembahan - saya berada di tengah-tengah kerjaya saya. Kenapa saya akan pergi dari itu dan melompat ke sesuatu yang lain?\" <> Tahun apa wawancara Schwarzenegger dengan majalah Talk berlaku? || 1999 <> Sumber media mana yang mengatakan Schwarzenegger cuba menangani desas-desus bahawa dia mungkin berlari untuk gabenor California? || Wartawan Hollywood", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did Schwarzenegger's interview with Talk magazine take place?", "id": "56de981ccffd8e1900b4ba15", "answers": [{"text": "1999", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which media source said Schwarzenegger was trying to deal with rumors that he might run for governor of California?", "id": "56de981ccffd8e1900b4ba16", "answers": [{"text": "The Hollywood Reporter", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In an interview with Talk magazine in late 1999, Schwarzenegger was asked if he thought of running for office. He replied, \"I think about it many times. The possibility is there, because I feel it inside.\" The Hollywood Reporter claimed shortly after that Schwarzenegger sought to end speculation that he might run for governor of California. Following his initial comments, Schwarzenegger said, \"I'm in show business \u2013 I am in the middle of my career. Why would I go away from that and jump into something else?\""}], ["Puncak komersil Schwarzenegger adalah kepulangannya sebagai watak tajuk pada Terminator 2: Hari Penghakiman 1991, yang merupakan filem paling laris tahun 1991. Pada tahun 1993, Persatuan Pemilik Teater Kebangsaan menamakannya \"Bintang Antarabangsa Dekad\". Projek filemnya yang seterusnya, aksi komedi tindakan aksi sedemikian tahun 1993, dilancarkan bertentangan dengan Jurassic Park, dan tidak berfungsi dengan sempurna di kotak pejabat. Filem berikutnya, drama komedi True Lies (1994), adalah filem pengintip popular, dan melihat Schwarzenegger bersatu semula dengan James Cameron. <> Apa filem Schwarzenegger adalah filem tertinggi pada tahun 1991? || Terminator 2: Hari Pengadilan <> Apa organisasi yang bernama Schwarzenegger yang \"Bintang Antarabangsa Dekade\" pada tahun 1993? || Persatuan Kebangsaan Pemilik Teater <> Apa filem 1994 yang membawa Schwarzenegger bersama bersama pengarah James Cameron? || Pembohongan benar", {"qas": [{"question": "What Schwarzenegger film was 1991's highest-grossing movie?", "id": "56de8d06cffd8e1900b4b9ea", "answers": [{"text": "Terminator 2: Judgment Day", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization named Schwarzenegger the \"International Star of the Decade\" in 1993?", "id": "56de8d06cffd8e1900b4b9eb", "answers": [{"text": "the National Association of Theatre Owners", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What 1994 film brought Schwarzenegger back together with director James Cameron?", "id": "56de8d06cffd8e1900b4b9ec", "answers": [{"text": "True Lies", "answer_start": 445}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger's commercial peak was his return as the title character in 1991's Terminator 2: Judgment Day, which was the highest-grossing film of 1991. In 1993, the National Association of Theatre Owners named him the \"International Star of the Decade\". His next film project, the 1993 self-aware action comedy spoof Last Action Hero, was released opposite Jurassic Park, and did not do well at the box office. His next film, the comedy drama True Lies (1994), was a popular spy film, and saw Schwarzenegger reunited with James Cameron."}], ["Penampilan filemnya selepas menjadi Gabenor California termasuk penampilan cameo tiga saat di The Rundown, dan pembuatan semula 2004 di Seluruh Dunia dalam 80 Hari. Pada tahun 2005, dia muncul sebagai dirinya dalam filem The Kid & I. Dia menyuarakan Baron von Steuben dalam \"Valley Forge\" episod Liberty's Kids. Dia telah dikabarkan telah muncul dalam Terminator Salvation sebagai T-800 yang asal; dia menafikan keterlibatannya, tetapi akhirnya dia muncul dengan ringkas menerusi imejnya dimasukkan ke dalam filem daripada rakaman stok filem Terminator yang pertama. Schwarzenegger muncul di The Expendables milik Sylvester Stallone, di mana dia membuat penampilan kue. <> Yang filem 2005 memaparkan Schwarzenegger sebagai dirinya sendiri? || The Kid & I", {"qas": [{"question": "Which 2005 movie featured Schwarzenegger as himself?", "id": "56de8fcccffd8e1900b4b9f7", "answers": [{"text": "The Kid & I", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "His film appearances after becoming Governor of California included a three-second cameo appearance in The Rundown, and the 2004 remake of Around the World in 80 Days. In 2005, he appeared as himself in the film The Kid & I. He voiced Baron von Steuben in the Liberty's Kids episode \"Valley Forge\". He had been rumored to be appearing in Terminator Salvation as the original T-800; he denied his involvement, but he ultimately did appear briefly via his image being inserted into the movie from stock footage of the first Terminator movie. Schwarzenegger appeared in Sylvester Stallone's The Expendables, where he made a cameo appearance."}], ["Pada bulan Januari 2011, hanya beberapa minggu selepas meninggalkan pejabat di California, Schwarzenegger mengumumkan bahawa dia sedang membaca beberapa skrip baru untuk filem-filem masa depan, salah satunya drama drama Dunia Perang II Dengan Wings as Eagles, yang ditulis oleh Randall Wallace, berdasarkan kisah sebenar . Pada 6 Mac 2011, di Arnold Seminar Arnold Classic, Schwarzenegger mendedahkan bahawa dia sedang dipertimbangkan untuk beberapa filem, termasuk sekuel The Terminator dan remake of Predator and The Running Man, dan bahawa dia \"membungkus\" sebuah buku komik watak. Watak itu kemudiannya dinyatakan sebagai Pemimpin, bintang buku komik dan siri animasi dengan nama yang sama. Schwarzenegger mengilhami watak itu dan membina bersama dengan Stan Lee, yang akan menghasilkan siri ini. Schwarzenegger akan menyuarakan pendapat Gabenor. <> Apakah nama watak buku komik yang dimodelkan pada Schwarzenegger? || Gabenor <> Apa penulis buku komik yang terkenal telah bekerja dengan Schwarzenegger pada Pemimpin? || Stan Lee <> Schwarzenegger berkata dia membaca skrip yang termasuk satu untuk filem WWII berdasarkan kisah sebenar? || Dengan Wings as Eagles <> Who wrote the screenplay for With Wings as Eagles? || Randall Wallace", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the name of the comic book character modeled on Schwarzenegger?", "id": "56de91054396321400ee2a1d", "answers": [{"text": "the Governator", "answer_start": 575}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What famous comic book writer did Schwarzenegger work with on the Governator?", "id": "56de91054396321400ee2a1e", "answers": [{"text": "Stan Lee", "answer_start": 715}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Schwarzenegger said he was reading scripts that included the one for what WWII film based on a true story?", "id": "56de91054396321400ee2a1f", "answers": [{"text": "With Wings as Eagles", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the screenplay for With Wings as Eagles?", "id": "56de91054396321400ee2a20", "answers": [{"text": "Randall Wallace", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In January 2011, just weeks after leaving office in California, Schwarzenegger announced that he was reading several new scripts for future films, one of them being the World War II action drama With Wings as Eagles, written by Randall Wallace, based on a true story. On March 6, 2011, at the Arnold Seminar of the Arnold Classic, Schwarzenegger revealed that he was being considered for several films, including sequels to The Terminator and remakes of Predator and The Running Man, and that he was \"packaging\" a comic book character. The character was later revealed to be the Governator, star of the comic book and animated series of the same name. Schwarzenegger inspired the character and co-developed it with Stan Lee, who would have produced the series. Schwarzenegger would have voiced the Governator."}], ["Pada 20 Mei 2011, peguam hiburan Schwarzenegger mengumumkan bahawa semua projek-projek filem sedang dalam perkembangan sedang dihentikan: \"Schwarzenegger memberi tumpuan kepada perkara peribadi dan tidak bersedia untuk melakukan apa-apa jadual pengeluaran atau tempoh masa\". Pada 11 Julai 2011, ia diumumkan bahawa Schwarzenegger sedang mempertimbangkan filem comeback walaupun masalah undang-undangnya. Dia muncul di The Expendables 2 (2012), dan membintangi The Last Stand (2013), peranan utama beliau yang pertama dalam 10 tahun, dan Pelan Escape (2013), peranan yang pertama bersama bersama Sylvester Stallone. Dia membintangi Sabotage, yang dikeluarkan pada bulan Mac 2014, dan muncul dalam The Expendables 3, dikeluarkan pada bulan Ogos 2014. Dia membintangi Terminator Genisys filem kelima pada tahun 2015 dan akan menimbulkan peranannya sebagai Conan the Barbarian dalam The Legend of Conan. <> Pada tarikh apa yang berlaku pada 2011 adalah projek filem Schwarzenegger yang diumumkan? || Mei 20 <> Stand The Last 2013 menandakan peranan pertama yang dibintangi Schwarzenegger dalam berapa lama? || 10 tahun <> Apa film pertama Schwarzenegger membintangi dengan Sylvester Stallone? || Rancangan Escape <> Apakah tajuk filem kelima dalam francais Terminator? || Terminator Genisys <> Apa tahun pertama debut Terminator Genisys? || 2015", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date in 2011 was the hold on Schwarzenegger's movie projects announced?", "id": "56de924b4396321400ee2a25", "answers": [{"text": "May 20", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "2013's The Last Stand marked Schwarzenegger's first starring role in how long?", "id": "56de924b4396321400ee2a26", "answers": [{"text": "10 years", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first film Schwarzenegger co-starred in with Sylvester Stallone?", "id": "56de924b4396321400ee2a27", "answers": [{"text": "Escape Plan", "answer_start": 488}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the title of the fifth film in the Terminator franchise?", "id": "56de924b4396321400ee2a28", "answers": [{"text": "Terminator Genisys", "answer_start": 714}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Terminator Genisys debut?", "id": "56de924b4396321400ee2a29", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 736}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On May 20, 2011, Schwarzenegger's entertainment counsel announced that all movie projects currently in development were being halted: \"Schwarzenegger is focusing on personal matters and is not willing to commit to any production schedules or timelines\". On July 11, 2011, it was announced that Schwarzenegger was considering a comeback film despite his legal problems. He appeared in The Expendables 2 (2012), and starred in The Last Stand (2013), his first leading role in 10 years, and Escape Plan (2013), his first co-starring role alongside Sylvester Stallone. He starred in Sabotage, released in March 2014, and appeared in The Expendables 3, released in August 2014. He starred in the fifth Terminator movie Terminator Genisys in 2015 and will reprise his role as Conan the Barbarian in The Legend of Conan."}], ["Pada tahun yang sama, Junior komedi telah dibebaskan, yang terakhir dari tiga kerjasama Schwarzenegger dengan Ivan Reitman dan sekali lagi membintangi Danny DeVito. Filem ini membawanya pencalonan Golden Globe yang kedua, kali ini untuk Pelakon Terbaik - Muzik atau Komedi. Ia diikuti oleh Eraser thriller (1996), komedi Krismas Jingle All The Way (1996), dan Batman & Robin (1997) yang berpangkalan di buku komik, di mana dia bermain penjahat Mr Freeze. Ini adalah filem terakhirnya sebelum mengambil masa untuk memulihkan diri dari kecederaan belakang. Berikutan kegagalan kritikal Batman & Robin, ketegangan filem dan kerjaya filemnya semakin merosot. Dia kembali dengan Thriller supernatural End of Days (1999), kemudian diikuti oleh filem-filem aksi The 6th Day (2000) dan Collateral Damage (2002), keduanya gagal berfungsi di box office. Pada tahun 2003, beliau membuat penampilan ketiga sebagai watak tajuk dalam Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines, yang menghasilkan lebih daripada $ 150 juta dalam negeri. <> Apa filem kedua Schwarzenegger dengan bintang Danny DeVito? || Junior <> Berapa banyak filem Terminator ketiga membuat sendiri? || $ 150 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Schwarzenegger's second film with co-star Danny DeVito?", "id": "56de8e84cffd8e1900b4b9f0", "answers": [{"text": "Junior", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did the third Terminator movie make domestically alone?", "id": "56de8e84cffd8e1900b4b9f2", "answers": [{"text": "$150 million", "answer_start": 962}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "That same year, the comedy Junior was released, the last of Schwarzenegger's three collaborations with Ivan Reitman and again co-starring Danny DeVito. This film brought him his second Golden Globe nomination, this time for Best Actor \u2013 Musical or Comedy. It was followed by the action thriller Eraser (1996), the Christmas comedy Jingle All The Way (1996), and the comic book-based Batman & Robin (1997), in which he played the villain Mr. Freeze. This was his final film before taking time to recuperate from a back injury. Following the critical failure of Batman & Robin, his film career and box office prominence went into decline. He returned with the supernatural thriller End of Days (1999), later followed by the action films The 6th Day (2000) and Collateral Damage (2002), both of which failed to do well at the box office. In 2003, he made his third appearance as the title character in Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines, which went on to earn over $150 million domestically."}], ["Schwarzenegger kemudian menentang nasihat sesetengah ahli strategi Republik dan melantik Demokrat, Susan Kennedy, sebagai Ketua Stafnya. Schwarzenegger secara beransur-ansur berpindah ke kedudukan yang lebih sederhana dalam politik, bertekad untuk membina warisan yang menang dengan hanya masa yang singkat untuk pergi sehingga pilihan raya gubernur yang akan datang. <> Siapa yang Schwarzenegger memilih sebagai Ketua Staf? || Susan Kennedy", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Schwarzenegger choose as Chief of Staff?", "id": "56debe573277331400b4d705", "answers": [{"text": "Susan Kennedy", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger then went against the advice of fellow Republican strategists and appointed a Democrat, Susan Kennedy, as his Chief of Staff. Schwarzenegger gradually moved towards a more politically moderate position, determined to build a winning legacy with only a short time to go until the next gubernatorial election."}], ["Dikabarkan bahawa Schwarzenegger mungkin berlari untuk Senat Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 2010, kerana gubernurnya akan dibatasi oleh masa itu. Ini ternyata salah. <> Apa pejabat politik yang dibuat oleh orang yang membuat spekulasi Schwarzenegger mungkin mencuba pada tahun 2010? || Senat Amerika Syarikat", {"qas": [{"question": "What political office did people speculate Schwarzenegger might try for in 2010?", "id": "56debfd9c65bf219000b3d31", "answers": [{"text": "United States Senate", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It was rumored that Schwarzenegger might run for the United States Senate in 2010, as his governorship would be term-limited by that time. This turned out to be false."}], ["Schwarzenegger adalah warganegara dual Austria / Amerika Syarikat. Beliau memegang kewarganegaraan Austria dengan kelahiran dan telah memegang kewarganegaraan AS sejak menjadi semula jadi pada tahun 1983. Menjadi Austria dan dengan demikian Eropah, dia dapat memenangi pemenang Suara Tahun 2007 Eropah Suara untuk mengambil tindakan terhadap perubahan iklim dengan Akta Penyelesaian Pemanasan Global California 2006 dan merancang untuk memperkenalkan skim perdagangan pelepasan dengan negara-negara AS lain dan mungkin dengan EU. <> Tahun apa Schwarzenegger menjadi warganegara asli Amerika Syarikat? || 1983 <> Di negara apa selain A.S. adalah seorang warganegara Schwarzenegger? || Austria", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did Schwarzenegger become a naturalized citizen of the United States?", "id": "56dec1673277331400b4d70d", "answers": [{"text": "1983", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what country besides the U.S. is Schwarzenegger a citizen?", "id": "56dec1673277331400b4d70e", "answers": [{"text": "Austrian", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger is a dual Austrian/United States citizen. He holds Austrian citizenship by birth and has held U.S. citizenship since becoming naturalized in 1983. Being Austrian and thus European, he was able to win the 2007 European Voice campaigner of the year award for taking action against climate change with the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 and plans to introduce an emissions trading scheme with other US states and possibly with the EU."}], ["Sebaik sahaja Schwarzenegger dipilih sebagai gabenor, Willie Brown berkata dia akan memulakan pemanduan untuk mengenang gubernur. Schwarzenegger sama-sama menguasai apa yang dianggapnya sebagai mandatnya untuk membersihkan kekunci. Membina kata kunci dari lakaran \"Hans and Franz\" dari Saturday Night Live (yang sebahagiannya merangka kerjaya bina badannya), Schwarzenegger menggelar ahli politik Demokratik \"lelaki gadis\". <> Apa ahli politik yang mengancam untuk mula bekerja untuk mengingat Schwarzenegger sejurus selepas dia dipilih? || Willie Brown <> Apa lakaran Saturday Night Live adalah rujukan Schwarzenegger ketika dia memanggil para ahli politik yang \"menawan lelaki\"? || Hans dan Franz", {"qas": [{"question": "What politician threatened to start working to recall Schwarzenegger right after he was elected?", "id": "56debd5a3277331400b4d6fd", "answers": [{"text": "Willie Brown", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Saturday Night Live sketch was Schwarzenegger referencing when he called opposing politicians \"girlie men\"?", "id": "56debd5a3277331400b4d6fe", "answers": [{"text": "Hans and Franz", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As soon as Schwarzenegger was elected governor, Willie Brown said he would start a drive to recall the governor. Schwarzenegger was equally entrenched in what he considered to be his mandate in cleaning up gridlock. Building on a catchphrase from the sketch \"Hans and Franz\" from Saturday Night Live (which partly parodied his bodybuilding career), Schwarzenegger called the Democratic State politicians \"girlie men\"."}], ["Schwarzenegger berlari untuk pemilihan semula Demokrat Phil Angelides, Bendahari Negeri California, pada pilihan raya 2006, yang diadakan pada 7 November 2006. Walaupun tahun yang lemah untuk negara parti Republikan, Schwarzenegger memenangi pemilihan semula dengan 56.0% undi berbanding dengan 38.9% untuk Angelides, margin lebih daripada satu juta undi. Dalam tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini, ramai pengulas telah melihat Schwarzenegger bergerak dari kanan dan ke arah pusat spektrum politik. Selepas mendengar ucapan oleh Schwarzenegger pada tahun 2006 Martin Luther King, Jr., walikota San Francisco, Gavin Newsom berkata, \"[H] menjadi seorang Demokrat [... H] e berlari kembali, bahkan tidak ke pusat. tengah-kiri \". <> Dalam pemilihan gubernatorial 2006, yang telah dilakukan Schwarzenegger? || Phil Angelides <> Bandar mana yang menjadi walikota Gavin Newsom ketika dia mengatakan Schwarzenegger telah mengubah Demokrat? || San Francisco", {"qas": [{"question": "In the 2006 gubernatorial election, who did Schwarzenegger run against?", "id": "56debf69c65bf219000b3d2b", "answers": [{"text": "Phil Angelides", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which city was Gavin Newsom mayor of when he said Schwarzenegger was turning Democrat?", "id": "56debf69c65bf219000b3d2d", "answers": [{"text": "San Francisco", "answer_start": 564}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger ran for re-election against Democrat Phil Angelides, the California State Treasurer, in the 2006 elections, held on November 7, 2006. Despite a poor year nationally for the Republican party, Schwarzenegger won re-election with 56.0% of the vote compared with 38.9% for Angelides, a margin of well over one million votes. In recent years, many commentators have seen Schwarzenegger as moving away from the right and towards the center of the political spectrum. After hearing a speech by Schwarzenegger at the 2006 Martin Luther King, Jr. breakfast, San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom said that, \"[H]e's becoming a Democrat [\u2026 H]e's running back, not even to the center. I would say center-left\"."}], ["Kejayaan awal Schwarzenegger termasuk menghapuskan peningkatan yang tidak popular dalam yuran pendaftaran kenderaan serta mencegah lesen memandu diberikan kepada pendatang tanpa izin, tetapi kemudian dia mula merasakan tindak balas apabila kesatuan negeri yang kuat mula menentang pelbagai inisiatifnya. Yang penting dalam perhitungannya dengan realiti politik adalah pilihan raya khas yang dipanggilnya pada bulan November 2005, di mana empat langkah pengundian yang dia tajaan dikalahkan. Schwarzenegger menerima tanggungjawab peribadi untuk kekalahan dan bersumpah untuk terus mencari konsensus untuk rakyat California. Dia kemudian akan mengulas bahawa \"tidak ada yang dapat menang jika pembangkang menaikkan 160 juta dolar untuk mengalahkan kamu\". Mahkamah Agung A.S. kemudiannya mendapati kesatuan sekerja pekerja awam menggunakan pengumpulan dana wajib semasa kempen itu telah menyalahi undang-undang di Knox v. Kakitangan Pekerja Antarabangsa Kesatuan, Lokal 1000. <> Pada bulan apa tahun 2005, Schwarzenegger mengadakan pemilihan khusus? || November <> Berapa banyak inisiatif undi Schwarzenegger yang dikalahkan dalam pemilihan khas tahun 2005? || empat", {"qas": [{"question": "In what month of 2005 did Schwarzenegger hold a special election?", "id": "56debe163277331400b4d701", "answers": [{"text": "November", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of Schwarzenegger's ballot initiatives were defeated in the special election of 2005?", "id": "56debe163277331400b4d702", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger's early victories included repealing an unpopular increase in the vehicle registration fee as well as preventing driver's licenses being given out to illegal immigrants, but later he began to feel the backlash when powerful state unions began to oppose his various initiatives. Key among his reckoning with political realities was a special election he called in November 2005, in which four ballot measures he sponsored were defeated. Schwarzenegger accepted personal responsibility for the defeats and vowed to continue to seek consensus for the people of California. He would later comment that \"no one could win if the opposition raised 160 million dollars to defeat you\". The U.S. Supreme Court later found the public employee unions' use of compulsory fundraising during the campaign had been illegal in Knox v. Service Employees International Union, Local 1000."}], ["Sokongan Schwarzenegger dalam majoriti Republik pada pilihan raya presiden A.S. 2008 sangat dicari; walaupun menjadi kawan baik dengan calon-calon Rudy Giuliani dan Senator John McCain, Schwarzenegger kekal netral sepanjang tahun 2007 dan awal 2008. Giuliani keluar dari perlumbaan presiden pada 30 Januari 2008, sebahagian besarnya kerana menunjukkan buruk di Florida, dan mengesahkan McCain. Kemudian malam itu, Schwarzenegger berada di khalayak dalam perdebatan Republik di Perpustakaan Presiden Ronald Reagan di California. Keesokan harinya, dia mengesahkan McCain, bergurau, \"Ia adalah kesalahan Rudy!\" (merujuk kepada persahabatan dengan kedua-dua calon dan bahawa dia tidak dapat membuat keputusan). Sokongan Schwarzenegger dianggap sebagai rangsangan untuk kempen Senator McCain; kedua-dua bercakap tentang kebimbangan mereka terhadap alam sekitar dan ekonomi. <> Siapa yang Schwarzenegger akhirnya menyokong pada tahun 2008? || John McCain <> calon mana yang menarik diri dari perlumbaan presiden pada bulan Januari 2008? || Rudy Giuliani <> Di mana dua isu utama dilakukan oleh McCain dan Schwarzenegger secara terbuka? || persekitaran dan ekonomi", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Schwarzenegger finally endorse in the 2008 Republican primary?", "id": "56dec2483277331400b4d711", "answers": [{"text": "John McCain", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which candidate withdrew from the presidential race in January of 2008?", "id": "56dec2483277331400b4d712", "answers": [{"text": "Rudy Giuliani", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On which two major issues did McCain and Schwarzenegger publicly agree?", "id": "56dec2483277331400b4d713", "answers": [{"text": "the environment and economy", "answer_start": 811}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger's endorsement in the Republican primary of the 2008 U.S. presidential election was highly sought; despite being good friends with candidates Rudy Giuliani and Senator John McCain, Schwarzenegger remained neutral throughout 2007 and early 2008. Giuliani dropped out of the presidential race on January 30, 2008, largely because of a poor showing in Florida, and endorsed McCain. Later that night, Schwarzenegger was in the audience at a Republican debate at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in California. The following day, he endorsed McCain, joking, \"It's Rudy's fault!\" (in reference to his friendships with both candidates and that he could not make up his mind). Schwarzenegger's endorsement was thought to be a boost for Senator McCain's campaign; both spoke about their concerns for the environment and economy."}], ["Schwarzenegger mengumumkan pencalonannya pada pemilihan semula California pada tahun 2003 untuk Gabenor California pada episod The Night Tonight pada 6 Ogos 2003 dengan Jay Leno. Schwarzenegger mempunyai pengiktirafan nama paling dalam bidang calon yang sesak, tetapi dia tidak pernah memegang jawatan awam dan pandangan politiknya tidak diketahui oleh kebanyakan orang California. Pencalonannya segera menjadi berita nasional dan antarabangsa, dengan saluran media mengisinya \"Gabenor\" (merujuk kepada filem Terminator, lihat di atas) dan \"The Running Man\" (nama satu lagi filemnya), dan memanggil pemilihan semula \"Total Recall\" (lagi filem yang dibintangi oleh Schwarzenegger). Schwarzenegger enggan berpartisipasi dalam beberapa perbahasan dengan calon gantian yang lain, dan muncul dalam satu debat sahaja pada 24 September 2003. <> Episod The Tonight Show dengan Jay Leno di mana Schwarzenegger mengumumkan pencalonannya kepada Gabenor yang disiarkan pada tarikh apa? || 6 Ogos 2003 <> Berapa banyak perdebatan yang dilakukan Schwarzenegger menyertai sebelum pemilihan semula California 2003? || satu", {"qas": [{"question": "The episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno where Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy for Governor aired on what date?", "id": "56de98ddcffd8e1900b4ba1d", "answers": [{"text": "August 6, 2003", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many debates did Schwarzenegger participate in before the 2003 California recall election?", "id": "56de98ddcffd8e1900b4ba1e", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 549}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy in the 2003 California recall election for Governor of California on the August 6, 2003 episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Schwarzenegger had the most name recognition in a crowded field of candidates, but he had never held public office and his political views were unknown to most Californians. His candidacy immediately became national and international news, with media outlets dubbing him the \"Governator\" (referring to The Terminator movies, see above) and \"The Running Man\" (the name of another one of his films), and calling the recall election \"Total Recall\" (yet another movie starring Schwarzenegger). Schwarzenegger declined to participate in several debates with other recall replacement candidates, and appeared in only one debate on September 24, 2003."}], ["Pada 7 Oktober 2003, pemilihan semula menyebabkan Gabenor Grey Davis dipecat dari jawatan dengan 55.4% undi Ya memihak kepada penarikan balik. Schwarzenegger dipilih sebagai Gabenor California di bawah pertanyaan kedua pada undi dengan 48.6% undi untuk memilih pengganti kepada Davis. Schwarzenegger mengalahkan Demokrat Cruz Bustamante, rakan Republikan Tom McClintock, dan lain-lain. Saingan terdekatnya, Bustamante, menerima 31% undi. Secara keseluruhan, Schwarzenegger memenangi pilihan raya dengan kira-kira 1.3 juta undi. Di bawah peraturan-peraturan Perlembagaan California, tiada pemilihan larian diperlukan. Schwarzenegger adalah gabenor kelahiran asing kedua California selepas Gabenor kelahiran Ireland John G. Downey pada 1862. <Peratusan undi Oktober 2003 memihak kepada penarikan semula? || 55.4% <> Siapa yang terdekat dengan Schwarzenegger dalam perlumbaan gubernur tahun 2003? || Cruz Bustamante <> Dengan kira-kira jumlah undi apa Schwarzenegger memenangi pemilihan semula 2003 di California? || 1.3 juta <> Berapa peratuskah undi yang diterima oleh lawan Schwarzenegger Bustamante? || 31% <> Siapa gabenor pertama California yang dilahirkan di negara asing? || John G. Downey", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of the October 2003 vote was in favor of a recall?", "id": "56de9a164396321400ee2a45", "answers": [{"text": "55.4%", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Schwarzenegger's closest rival in the gubernatorial race of 2003?", "id": "56de9a164396321400ee2a46", "answers": [{"text": "Cruz Bustamante", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By about what number of votes did Schwarzenegger win the 2003 recall election in California?", "id": "56de9a164396321400ee2a47", "answers": [{"text": "1.3 million", "answer_start": 496}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the vote did Schwarzenegger's opponent Bustamante receive?", "id": "56de9a164396321400ee2a48", "answers": [{"text": "31%", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first governor of California who had been born in a foreign country?", "id": "56de9a164396321400ee2a49", "answers": [{"text": "John G. Downey", "answer_start": 694}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On October 7, 2003, the recall election resulted in Governor Gray Davis being removed from office with 55.4% of the Yes vote in favor of a recall. Schwarzenegger was elected Governor of California under the second question on the ballot with 48.6% of the vote to choose a successor to Davis. Schwarzenegger defeated Democrat Cruz Bustamante, fellow Republican Tom McClintock, and others. His nearest rival, Bustamante, received 31% of the vote. In total, Schwarzenegger won the election by about 1.3 million votes. Under the regulations of the California Constitution, no runoff election was required. Schwarzenegger was the second foreign-born governor of California after Irish-born Governor John G. Downey in 1862."}], ["Wendy Leigh, yang menulis biografi tidak rasmi pada Schwarzenegger, mendakwa dia merancang kenaikan politiknya sejak usia dini menggunakan perniagaan filem dan binaraga sebagai blok bangunan untuk melarikan diri dari rumah yang menyedihkan. Leigh menggambarkan Schwarzenegger sebagai taksub dengan kuasa dan memetiknya sebagai berkata, \"Saya mahu menjadi sebahagian daripada peratusan kecil orang yang menjadi pemimpin, bukan pengikut besar. Saya fikir ia adalah kerana saya melihat pemimpin menggunakan 100% potensi mereka - Saya sentiasa terpesona oleh orang yang mengawal orang lain. \" Schwarzenegger mengatakan bahawa ia tidak pernah berniat untuk memasuki politik, tetapi dia berkata, \"Saya berkahwin dengan keluarga politik, anda bersama-sama dengan mereka dan anda mendengar tentang dasar, tentang membantu orang lain. menjadi seorang penjawat awam dan Eunice dan Sargent Shriver menjadi pahlawan saya. \" Eunice Kennedy Shriver adalah saudara perempuan John F. Kennedy, dan ibu mertua kepada Schwarzenegger; Sargent Shriver adalah suami kepada Eunice dan mertua kepada Schwarzenegger. Dia tidak boleh bertanding untuk presiden kerana dia bukan warganegara asli Amerika Syarikat. Dalam The Simpsons Movie (2007), beliau digambarkan sebagai presiden, dan dalam filem Sylvester Stallone, Demolition Man (1993, sepuluh tahun sebelum jawatannya pertama untuk jawatan politik), ia menunjukkan bahawa pindaan perlembagaan telah berlalu yang membolehkan Schwarzenegger menjadi presiden. <> Pengarang apa yang dikatakan Schwarzenegger adalah kuasa terobsesi? || Wendy Leigh <> Apa nama bapa mertua Schwarzenegger? || Sargent Shriver <> Schwarzenegger muncul sebagai Presiden Amerika Syarikat dalam apa filem animasi 2007? || The Simpsons Movie", {"qas": [{"question": "What author claimed Schwarzenegger is power-obsessed?", "id": "56dec0e23277331400b4d707", "answers": [{"text": "Wendy Leigh", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's Schwarzenegger's father-in-law's name?", "id": "56dec0e23277331400b4d708", "answers": [{"text": "Sargent Shriver", "answer_start": 805}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Schwarzenegger shows up as the President of the United States in what 2007 animated movie?", "id": "56dec0e23277331400b4d709", "answers": [{"text": "The Simpsons Movie", "answer_start": 1094}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Wendy Leigh, who wrote an unofficial biography on Schwarzenegger, claims he plotted his political rise from an early age using the movie business and bodybuilding as building blocks to escape a depressing home. Leigh portrays Schwarzenegger as obsessed with power and quotes him as saying, \"I wanted to be part of the small percentage of people who were leaders, not the large mass of followers. I think it is because I saw leaders use 100% of their potential \u2013 I was always fascinated by people in control of other people.\" Schwarzenegger has said that it was never his intention to enter politics, but he says, \"I married into a political family. You get together with them and you hear about policy, about reaching out to help people. I was exposed to the idea of being a public servant and Eunice and Sargent Shriver became my heroes.\" Eunice Kennedy Shriver was sister of John F. Kennedy, and mother-in-law to Schwarzenegger; Sargent Shriver is husband to Eunice and father-in-law to Schwarzenegger. He cannot run for president as he is not a natural born citizen of the United States. In The Simpsons Movie (2007), he is portrayed as the president, and in the Sylvester Stallone movie, Demolition Man (1993, ten years before his first run for political office), it is revealed that a constitutional amendment passed which allowed Schwarzenegger to become president."}], ["Berkenaan dengan sumbangannya kepada arah industri motor Amerika Syarikat, Schwarzenegger telah dijemput untuk membuka Kongres Dunia SAE 2009 di Detroit, pada 20 April 2009. <> Di mana bandar itu adalah Kongres Dunia SAE yang diadakan pada tahun 2009? || Detroit", {"qas": [{"question": "In what city was the SAE World Congress held in 2009?", "id": "56deccb0c65bf219000b3d3d", "answers": [{"text": "Detroit", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In respect of his contribution to the direction of the US motor industry, Schwarzenegger was invited to open the 2009 SAE World Congress in Detroit, on April 20, 2009."}], ["Dalam laporan April 2010, kumpulan pemantau etika Progresif Warga untuk Tanggungjawab dan Etika di Washington menamakan Schwarzenegger sebagai salah satu daripada 11 \"gabenor terburuk\" di Amerika Syarikat kerana pelbagai isu etika sepanjang tempoh Schwarzenegger sebagai gabenor. <> Kumpulan apa yang dianugerahkan Schwarzenegger sebagai salah satu daripada 11 \"gabenor terburuk\" dalam laporan 2010? || Warga Tanggungjawab dan Etika di Washington", {"qas": [{"question": "What group awarded Schwarzenegger the title of one of the 11 \"worst governors\" in a 2010 report?", "id": "56dec2c73277331400b4d717", "answers": [{"text": "Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In its April 2010 report, Progressive ethics watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington named Schwarzenegger one of 11 \"worst governors\" in the United States because of various ethics issues throughout Schwarzenegger's term as governor."}], ["Walaupun beliau memegang jawatannya sebagai gabenor dengan rating kelulusan yang tinggi (setinggi 89% pada bulan Disember 2003), beliau meninggalkan pejabat dengan rekod rendah 23%, hanya satu peratus lebih tinggi daripada Greys Davis ketika ditarik balik pada Oktober 2003. <> Apakah penilaian tertinggi Schwarzenegger semasa beliau menjadi gabenor? || 89% <> Apakah rating kelulusan Schwarzenegger pada hari beliau berakhir? || 23%", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Schwarzenegger's highest approval rating during his stint as governor?", "id": "56dec3cc3277331400b4d71b", "answers": [{"text": "89%", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Schwarzenegger's approval rating on the day his time in office ended?", "id": "56dec3cc3277331400b4d71c", "answers": [{"text": "23%", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although he began his tenure as governor with record high approval ratings (as high as 89% in December 2003), he left office with a record low 23%, only one percent higher than that of Gray Davis's when he was recalled in October 2003."}], ["Tiga daripada wanita mendakwa dia merangkul payudara mereka, keempat berkata dia meletakkan tangannya di bawah roknya di atas pantatnya. Seorang wanita kelima mendakwa Schwarzenegger cuba melepaskan pakaian mandinya di sebuah lif hotel, dan yang terakhir berkata dia menariknya ke pangkuannya dan bertanya tentang perbuatan seks. <> Seorang wanita menuduh Schwarzenegger cuba menghilangkan barang apa pakaian? || pakaian mandi", {"qas": [{"question": "One woman accused Schwarzenegger of trying to remove what item of clothing?", "id": "56dec571c65bf219000b3d33", "answers": [{"text": "bathing suit", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Three of the women claimed he had grabbed their breasts, a fourth said he placed his hand under her skirt on her buttock. A fifth woman claimed Schwarzenegger tried to take off her bathing suit in a hotel elevator, and the last said he pulled her onto his lap and asked her about a sex act."}], ["Semasa kempen awalnya untuk gabenor, tuduhan melakukan salah laku seksual dan peribadi telah dibangkitkan terhadap Schwarzenegger, yang digelar \"Gropegate\". Dalam tempoh lima hari yang lalu sebelum pilihan raya, laporan berita muncul di Los Angeles Times menceritakan tuduhan salah laku seksual dari beberapa wanita individu, enam daripadanya akhirnya muncul dengan cerita peribadi mereka. <> Apakah kontroversi mengenai kempen gubernatorial Schwarzenegger yang pertama dijuluki? || Gropegate <> Berapa ramai wanita bercakap tentang salah laku pada bahagian Schwarzenegger? || enam <> Akhbar mana yang memecah cerita mengenai dakwaan salah laku seksual Schwarzenegger? || Los Angeles Times", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the controversy around Schwarzenegger's first gubernatorial campaign nicknamed?", "id": "56dec4913277331400b4d71f", "answers": [{"text": "Gropegate", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many women spoke out publicly about misconduct on Schwarzenegger's part?", "id": "56dec4913277331400b4d720", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which newspaper broke the story about Schwarzenegger's alleged sexual misconduct?", "id": "56dec4913277331400b4d721", "answers": [{"text": "Los Angeles Times", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During his initial campaign for governor, allegations of sexual and personal misconduct were raised against Schwarzenegger, dubbed \"Gropegate\". Within the last five days before the election, news reports appeared in the Los Angeles Times recounting allegations of sexual misconduct from several individual women, six of whom eventually came forward with their personal stories."}], ["Schwarzenegger mengakui bahawa dia telah \"kadang-kadang berperilaku buruk\" dan meminta maaf, tetapi juga menyatakan bahawa \"banyak [yang kamu lihat dalam cerita-cerita itu tidak benar\". Ini datang selepas wawancara dalam majalah dewasa Oui dari 1977 muncul, di mana Schwarzenegger membahas menghadiri orgasme seksual dan menggunakan bahan-bahan seperti ganja. Schwarzenegger ditunjukkan merokok bersama marijuana selepas memenangi Encik Olympia dalam filem dokumentari 1975 Pumping Iron. Dalam temu bual dengan majalah GQ pada bulan Oktober 2007, Schwarzenegger berkata, \"[Marijuana] bukan dadah, ia adalah daun. Narkoba saya mengepam besi, percayalah.\" Jurucakapnya kemudian berkata komen itu bertujuan untuk menjadi jenaka. <> Majalah apa yang menerbitkan wawancara yang memetik Schwarzenegger memanggil ganja sebagai \"daun\"? || GQ <> Apa ubat yang digunakan oleh dokumentari Pumping Iron Schwarzenegger? || ganja", {"qas": [{"question": "What magazine published an interview quoting Schwarzenegger calling marijuana a \"leaf\"?", "id": "56dec6913277331400b4d725", "answers": [{"text": "GQ", "answer_start": 462}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What drug does the documentary Pumping Iron show Schwarzenegger using?", "id": "56dec6913277331400b4d726", "answers": [{"text": "marijuana", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger admitted that he has \"behaved badly sometimes\" and apologized, but also stated that \"a lot of [what] you see in the stories is not true\". This came after an interview in adult magazine Oui from 1977 surfaced, in which Schwarzenegger discussed attending sexual orgies and using substances such as marijuana. Schwarzenegger is shown smoking a marijuana joint after winning Mr. Olympia in the 1975 documentary film Pumping Iron. In an interview with GQ magazine in October 2007, Schwarzenegger said, \"[Marijuana] is not a drug. It's a leaf. My drug was pumping iron, trust me.\" His spokesperson later said the comment was meant to be a joke."}], ["Kepribadian televisyen British Anna Richardson menyelesaikan tuntutan hukum pada bulan Ogos 2006 terhadap Schwarzenegger, pembantunya, Sean Walsh, dan pengarangnya, Sheryl Main. Kenyataan bersama dibaca: \"Pihak-pihak berpuas hati untuk meletakkan perkara ini di belakang mereka dan dengan senang hati bahawa pertikaian undang-undang ini telah diselesaikan sekarang.\" Richardson mendakwa mereka cuba merosakkan reputasinya dengan menolak dakwaannya bahawa Schwarzenegger menyentuh payudaranya semasa majlis akhbar The 6th Day di London. Dia mendakwa Walsh dan Main melambatkannya dalam artikel Los Angeles Times apabila mereka berpendapat dia menggalakkan tingkah lakunya. <> Siapa yang mengadili Schwarzenegger dan dua orang pekerjanya untuk libel, menetap pada tahun 2006? || Anna Richardson <> Filem apa yang Schwarzenegger mempromosikan apabila kejadian yang dikatakan berlaku? || Hari ke-6 <> Kertas apa yang membuat tuntutan Richardson digunakan oleh penghibur dan pembantu Schwarzenegger untuk mengecewakannya? || Los Angeles Times", {"qas": [{"question": "Who sued Schwarzenegger and two of his employees for libel, settling in 2006?", "id": "56dec7983277331400b4d729", "answers": [{"text": "Anna Richardson", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What movie was Schwarzenegger promoting when the alleged incident took place?", "id": "56dec7983277331400b4d72a", "answers": [{"text": "The 6th Day", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What paper did Richardson claim was used by Schwarzenegger's publicist and aide to discredit her?", "id": "56dec7983277331400b4d72b", "answers": [{"text": "Los Angeles Times", "answer_start": 528}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "British television personality Anna Richardson settled a libel lawsuit in August 2006 against Schwarzenegger, his top aide, Sean Walsh, and his publicist, Sheryl Main. A joint statement read: \"The parties are content to put this matter behind them and are pleased that this legal dispute has now been settled.\" Richardson claimed they tried to tarnish her reputation by dismissing her allegations that Schwarzenegger touched her breast during a press event for The 6th Day in London. She claimed Walsh and Main libeled her in a Los Angeles Times article when they contended she encouraged his behavior."}], ["Pada 27 September 2006, Schwarzenegger menandatangani satu rang undang-undang yang mewujudkan topi pertama bangsa terhadap pelepasan gas rumah hijau. Undang-undang menetapkan peraturan baru mengenai jumlah utiliti pelepasan, kilang penapisan dan kilang pengeluaran dibenarkan untuk dibebaskan ke atmosfera. Schwarzenegger juga menandatangani bil pemanasan global kedua yang melarang utiliti dan korporat besar di California daripada membuat kontrak jangka panjang dengan pembekal yang tidak memenuhi standard pelepasan gas rumah hijau negeri itu. Kedua-dua bil itu adalah sebahagian daripada rancangan untuk mengurangkan pelepasan California sebanyak 25 peratus hingga tahap 1990-an pada tahun 2020. Pada tahun 2005, Schwarzenegger mengeluarkan perintah eksekutif yang memanggil untuk mengurangkan gas rumah hijau kepada 80 peratus di bawah paras tahun 1990 menjelang 2050. <> Apa tarikh yang ditandakan pertama undang-undang menyekat pelepasan gas rumah hijau? || 27 September 2006 <> Peraturan-peraturan berkaitan dengan pelepasan dari utiliti, kilang pembuatan, dan entiti lain apa? || kilang penapisan <> Tahun apa yang telah ditetapkan Schwarzenegger sebagai tarikh akhir untuk California menunjukkan pengurangan sebanyak 25% dalam pelepasan? || 2020", {"qas": [{"question": "What date marked the first law restricting greenhouse gas emissions?", "id": "56dec9fa3277331400b4d733", "answers": [{"text": "September 27, 2006", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The regulations pertain to emissions from utilities, manufacturing plants, and what other entity?", "id": "56dec9fa3277331400b4d734", "answers": [{"text": "refineries", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year has Schwarzenegger set as the deadline for California to show a 25% reduction in emissions?", "id": "56dec9fa3277331400b4d735", "answers": [{"text": "2020", "answer_start": 585}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On September 27, 2006 Schwarzenegger signed a bill creating the nation's first cap on greenhouse gas emissions. The law set new regulations on the amount of emissions utilities, refineries and manufacturing plants are allowed to release into the atmosphere. Schwarzenegger also signed a second global warming bill that prohibits large utilities and corporations in California from making long-term contracts with suppliers who do not meet the state's greenhouse gas emission standards. The two bills are part of a plan to reduce California's emissions by 25 percent to 1990s levels by 2020. In 2005, Schwarzenegger issued an executive order calling to reduce greenhouse gases to 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050."}], ["Schwarzenegger menandatangani perintah eksekutif lain pada 17 Oktober 2006 yang membenarkan California bekerja dengan Inisiatif Gas Rumah Kaca Serantau Timur Laut. Mereka merancang untuk mengurangkan pelepasan karbon dioksida dengan mengeluarkan sejumlah kredit karbon yang terhad kepada setiap loji janakuasa di negara-negara yang mengambil bahagian. Mana-mana loji kuasa yang melebihi pelepasan untuk jumlah kredit karbon perlu membeli lebih banyak kredit untuk menampung perbezaannya. Pelan itu berkuat kuasa pada tahun 2009. Selain menggunakan kuasa politiknya untuk melawan pemanasan global, gabenor telah mengambil langkah di rumahnya untuk mengurangkan jejak karbon peribadinya. Schwarzenegger telah menyesuaikan salah seorang Hummernya untuk menjalankan hidrogen dan satu lagi untuk menjalankan biofuel. Beliau juga telah memasang panel solar untuk memanaskan rumahnya. <> Apakah kawasan di A.S. yang California bermitra dengan Inisiatif Gas Rumah Kaca Serantau? || Timur Laut <> Apa teknologi hijau yang telah dipasang Schwarzenegger di rumah untuk mengurangkan jejak karbonnya? || panel solar <> Tahun apakah Inisiatif Gas Rumah Hijau berkuatkuasa? || 2009 <> Apa bahan pencemar yang ditangani Schwarzenegger dengan arahan eksekutifnya 2006? || pelepasan karbon dioksida", {"qas": [{"question": "What region of the U.S. has California partnered with on the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative?", "id": "56decc79c65bf219000b3d35", "answers": [{"text": "the Northeast", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What green technology did Schwarzenegger have installed at home to reduce his carbon footprint? ", "id": "56decc79c65bf219000b3d36", "answers": [{"text": "solar panels", "answer_start": 716}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the Greenhouse Gas Initiative go into effect?", "id": "56decc79c65bf219000b3d37", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 443}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What particular pollutant was Schwarzenegger addressing with his 2006 executive order?", "id": "56decc79c65bf219000b3d38", "answers": [{"text": "carbon dioxide emissions", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger signed another executive order on October 17, 2006 allowing California to work with the Northeast's Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. They plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by issuing a limited amount of carbon credits to each power plant in participating states. Any power plants that exceed emissions for the amount of carbon credits will have to purchase more credits to cover the difference. The plan took effect in 2009. In addition to using his political power to fight global warming, the governor has taken steps at his home to reduce his personal carbon footprint. Schwarzenegger has adapted one of his Hummers to run on hydrogen and another to run on biofuels. He has also installed solar panels to heat his home."}], ["Schwarzenegger menjadi warganegara A.S. semula pada 17 September 1983. Tidak lama sebelum dia memperoleh kewarganegaraannya, beliau meminta pihak berkuasa Austria untuk hak kewarganegaraan Austrianya, kerana Austria biasanya tidak membenarkan kewarganegaraan ganda. Permintaannya diberikan, dan dia mengekalkan kerakyatan Austria. Pada tahun 2005, Peter Pilz, ahli Parlimen Austria dari Parti Hijau Austria, menuntut agar Parlimen membatalkan kewarganegaraan Austria Schwarzenegger kerana keputusannya tidak menghalang pelaksanaan hukuman mati Donald Beardslee dan Stanley Williams, menyebabkan reputasi Austria, yang mana Penalti kematian telah dihapuskan sejak tahun 1968. Permintaan ini didasarkan pada Perkara 33 Akta Kewarganegaraan Austria yang menyatakan: \"Seorang warganegara, yang berada dalam pelayanan awam negara asing, akan dilucutkan kewarganegaraannya, jika dia banyak merugikan reputasi atau kepentingan Republik Austria. \" Pilz mendakwa bahawa tindakan Schwarzenegger dalam menyokong hukuman mati (dilarang di Austria di bawah Protokol 13 Konvensyen Eropah tentang Hak Asasi Manusia) sebenarnya telah merosakkan reputasi Austria. Schwarzenegger menjelaskan tindakannya dengan merujuk kepada fakta bahawa tugasnya sebagai Gabenor California adalah untuk mencegah kesilapan dalam sistem peradilan. <> Tahun apakah Austria mengharamkan hukuman mati? || 1968 <Ahli mana ahli Parlimen Austria mahu Schwarzenegger kehilangan kewarganegaraan Austrianya? || Peter Pilz", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did Austria outlaw the death penalty?", "id": "56dec8773277331400b4d72f", "answers": [{"text": "1968", "answer_start": 655}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which member of Austrian parliament wanted Schwarzenegger to lose his Austrian citizenship?", "id": "56dec8773277331400b4d730", "answers": [{"text": "Peter Pilz", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger became a naturalized U.S. citizen on September 17, 1983. Shortly before he gained his citizenship, he asked the Austrian authorities for the right to keep his Austrian citizenship, as Austria does not usually allow dual citizenship. His request was granted, and he retained his Austrian citizenship. In 2005, Peter Pilz, a member of the Austrian Parliament from the Austrian Green Party, demanded that Parliament revoke Schwarzenegger's Austrian citizenship due to his decision not to prevent the executions of Donald Beardslee and Stanley Williams, causing damage of reputation to Austria, where the death penalty has been abolished since 1968. This demand was based on Article 33 of the Austrian Citizenship Act that states: \"A citizen, who is in the public service of a foreign country, shall be deprived of his citizenship, if he heavily damages the reputation or the interests of the Austrian Republic.\" Pilz claimed that Schwarzenegger's actions in support of the death penalty (prohibited in Austria under Protocol 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights) had indeed done damage to Austria's reputation. Schwarzenegger explained his actions by referring to the fact that his only duty as Governor of California was to prevent an error in the judicial system."}], ["Schwarzenegger melancarkan keuntungan dari perniagaan pesanan pos dan kemenangan pertandingan bina badannya ke dalam usaha pelaburan hartanah pertamanya: sebuah bangunan apartmen yang dibeli dengan harga $ 10,000. Dia kemudiannya akan melabur dalam beberapa syarikat induk hartanah. <> Berapakah bayaran Schwarzenegger untuk bangunan pangsapuri pertama yang dibelinya? || $ 10,000", {"qas": [{"question": "How much did Schwarzenegger pay for the first apartment building he bought?", "id": "56decfc63277331400b4d741", "answers": [{"text": "$10,000", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger rolled profits from the mail order business and his bodybuilding competition winnings into his first real estate investment venture: an apartment building he purchased for $10,000. He would later go on to invest in a number of real estate holding companies."}], ["Pada tahun 1992, Schwarzenegger dan isterinya membuka sebuah restoran di Santa Monica yang dipanggil Schatzi On Main. Schatzi secara harfiah bermaksud \"harta kecil,\" bahasa sehari-hari untuk \"madu\" atau \"sayang\" dalam bahasa Jerman. Pada tahun 1998, beliau menjual restorannya. <> Apa nama restoran Schwarzenegger dibuka dengan isterinya? || Schatzi On Main <> Di mana restoran Schwarzenegger terletak? || Santa Monica <> Apakah terjemahan harfiah perkataan \"schatzi\"? || harta kecil <> Tahun apa Schwarzenegger menjual Schatzi di Main? || 1998", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the name of the restaurant Schwarzenegger opened with his wife?", "id": "56ded1eac65bf219000b3d4d", "answers": [{"text": "Schatzi On Main", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Schwarzenegger restaurant located?", "id": "56ded1eac65bf219000b3d4e", "answers": [{"text": "Santa Monica", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the literal translation of the word \"schatzi\"?", "id": "56ded1eac65bf219000b3d4f", "answers": [{"text": "little treasure", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Schwarzenegger sell Schatzi on Main?", "id": "56ded1eac65bf219000b3d50", "answers": [{"text": "1998", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1992, Schwarzenegger and his wife opened a restaurant in Santa Monica called Schatzi On Main. Schatzi literally means \"little treasure,\" colloquial for \"honey\" or \"darling\" in German. In 1998, he sold his restaurant."}], ["Schwarzenegger adalah seorang pelabur selebriti pengasas di rantaian Planet Hollywood restoran tema antarabangsa (dimodelkan selepas Hard Rock Cafe) bersama dengan Bruce Willis, Sylvester Stallone dan Demi Moore. Schwarzenegger memutuskan perhubungan kewangannya dengan perniagaan pada awal tahun 2000. Schwarzenegger berkata syarikat itu tidak mempunyai kejayaan yang diharapkannya, mendakwa dia mahu menumpukan perhatiannya pada \"usaha perniagaan global AS baru\" dan kerjaya filemnya. <> Rangkaian restoran apa yang dilakukan oleh Schwarzenegger? || Planet Hollywood <> Bilakah Schwarzenegger menarik diri daripada terlibat dengan Planet Hollywood? || 2000 <> Apa lagi rantaian restoran tema yang berjaya adalah model Planet Hollywood? || Hard Rock Cafe", {"qas": [{"question": "What restaurant chain did Schwarzenegger invest in?", "id": "56ded0573277331400b4d743", "answers": [{"text": "Planet Hollywood", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Schwarzenegger withdraw from involvement with Planet Hollywood?", "id": "56ded0573277331400b4d744", "answers": [{"text": "2000", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other successful theme restaurant chain was Planet Hollywood modeled on?", "id": "56ded0573277331400b4d745", "answers": [{"text": "the Hard Rock Cafe", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger was a founding celebrity investor in the Planet Hollywood chain of international theme restaurants (modeled after the Hard Rock Cafe) along with Bruce Willis, Sylvester Stallone and Demi Moore. Schwarzenegger severed his financial ties with the business in early 2000. Schwarzenegger said the company had not had the success he had hoped for, claiming he wanted to focus his attention on \"new US global business ventures\" and his movie career."}], ["Schwarzenegger mempunyai kerjaya perniagaan yang sangat berjaya. Berikutan langkahnya ke Amerika Syarikat, Schwarzenegger menjadi \"penentu matlamat yang prolifik\" dan akan menulis objektifnya pada awal tahun pada kad indeks, seperti memulakan perniagaan pesanan pos atau membeli sebuah kereta baru - dan berjaya melakukannya. Pada usia 30 tahun, Schwarzenegger adalah jutawan, sebelum kerjayanya di Hollywood. Kemerdekaan kewangannya berasal dari kejayaannya sebagai usahawan yang berkembang dengan beberapa usaha dan pelaburan perniagaan yang berjaya. <> Di mana Schwarzenegger akan menuliskan matlamatnya? || kad indeks <> Schwarzenegger menjadi jutawan dengan apa umurnya? || 30", {"qas": [{"question": "Where would Schwarzenegger write down his goals?", "id": "56decebc3277331400b4d739", "answers": [{"text": "index cards", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Schwarzenegger became a millionaire by what age?", "id": "56decebc3277331400b4d73a", "answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger has had a highly successful business career. Following his move to the United States, Schwarzenegger became a \"prolific goal setter\" and would write his objectives at the start of the year on index cards, like starting a mail order business or buying a new car \u2013 and succeed in doing so. By the age of 30, Schwarzenegger was a millionaire, well before his career in Hollywood. His financial independence came from his success as a budding entrepreneur with a series of successful business ventures and investments."}], ["Schwarzenegger bertemu dengan rakan sejawatnya yang lain, Sue Moray, pembantu penata rambut Beverly Hills, di Venice Beach pada bulan Julai 1977. Menurut Moray, pasangan itu memimpin hubungan terbuka: \"Kami setia ketika kami berdua di LA ... tetapi ketika dia keluar bandar, kita bebas melakukan apa sahaja yang kita mahu. \" Schwarzenegger bertemu Maria Shriver di Kejohanan Tenis Robert F. Kennedy pada bulan Ogos 1977, dan kemudiannya mempunyai hubungan dengan kedua-dua wanita sehingga Ogos 1978, ketika Moray (yang mengetahui hubungannya dengan Shriver) mengeluarkan ultimatum. <> Apa nama penolong pendandan rambut Schwarzenegger jatuh pada bulan Julai 1977? || Sue Moray <> Di mana Schwarzenegger pertama kali bertemu dengan Maria Shriver? || Kejohanan Tenis Robert F. Kennedy <> Berapa bulan dan tahun apakah Moray membuat Schwarzenegger memilih antara dia dan Shriver? || Ogos 1978", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the hairdresser's assistant Schwarzenegger fell for in July of 1977?", "id": "56ded4883277331400b4d749", "answers": [{"text": "Sue Moray", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Schwarzenegger first meet Maria Shriver?", "id": "56ded4883277331400b4d74a", "answers": [{"text": "the Robert F. Kennedy Tennis Tournament", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What month and year did Moray make Schwarzenegger choose between her and Shriver?", "id": "56ded4883277331400b4d74b", "answers": [{"text": "August 1978", "answer_start": 439}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger met his next paramour, Sue Moray, a Beverly Hills hairdresser's assistant, on Venice Beach in July 1977. According to Moray, the couple led an open relationship: \"We were faithful when we were both in LA \u2026 but when he was out of town, we were free to do whatever we wanted.\" Schwarzenegger met Maria Shriver at the Robert F. Kennedy Tennis Tournament in August 1977, and went on to have a relationship with both women until August 1978, when Moray (who knew of his relationship with Shriver) issued an ultimatum."}], ["Pada tahun 1968, Schwarzenegger dan fellow binaraga Franco Columbu memulakan perniagaan batu bata. Perniagaan itu berkembang dengan pesatnya pemasaran pemasaran pasangan dan peningkatan permintaan berikutan gempa bumi San Fernando pada tahun 1971. Schwarzenegger dan Columbu menggunakan keuntungan dari usaha batu bata mereka untuk memulakan perniagaan pesanan mel, menjual peralatan bina badan dan peralatan yang berkaitan dengan kecergasan dan pita pengajaran. <> Dengan mana rakan-rakannya melakukan Schwarzenegger memulakan syarikat batu bata? || Franco Columbu <> Apa bencana alam pada tahun 1971 menyumbang kepada kejayaan perniagaan Schwarzenegger? || Gempa bumi di San Fernando", {"qas": [{"question": "With which of his friends did Schwarzenegger start a bricklaying company?", "id": "56decf643277331400b4d73d", "answers": [{"text": "Franco Columbu", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What natural disaster in 1971 contributed to the success of Schwarzenegger's business?", "id": "56decf643277331400b4d73e", "answers": [{"text": "San Fernando earthquake", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1968, Schwarzenegger and fellow bodybuilder Franco Columbu started a bricklaying business. The business flourished thanks to the pair's marketing savvy and an increased demand following the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. Schwarzenegger and Columbu used profits from their bricklaying venture to start a mail order business, selling bodybuilding and fitness-related equipment and instructional tapes."}], ["Nilai bersih Schwarzenegger telah dianggarkan secara konservatif pada $ 100- $ 200 juta. Setelah berpisah daripada isterinya, Maria Shriver, pada tahun 2011, ia telah dianggarkan bahawa nilai bersihnya adalah kira-kira $ 400 juta, dan setinggi $ 800 juta, berdasarkan pulangan cukai yang difailkannya pada tahun 2006. Selama bertahun-tahun sebagai pelabur, beliau melaburkan pendapatan bina badan dan filemnya dalam pelbagai stok, bon, syarikat milik persendirian, dan pegangan harta tanah di seluruh dunia, menjadikan nilai bersihnya sebagai anggaran yang tepat sukar untuk dikira, terutamanya memandangkan penurunan nilai hartanah disebabkan oleh kemelesetan ekonomi Amerika Syarikat dan Eropah sejak akhir tahun 2000-an. Pada bulan Jun 1997, Schwarzenegger membelanjakan $ 38 juta wang sendiri di jet Gulfstream swasta. Schwarzenegger pernah berkata tentang kekayaannya, \"Wang tidak membuat anda bahagia, saya kini mempunyai $ 50 juta, tetapi saya gembira apabila saya mempunyai $ 48 juta.\" Beliau juga telah menyatakan, \"Saya telah membuat berjuta-juta orang sebagai ahli perniagaan berkali-kali.\" <> Dalam tahun apakah Schwarzenegger dan Maria Shriver memisahkan? || 2011 <> Apakah tanda harga untuk jet peribadi Schwarzenegger dibeli pada tahun 1997? || $ 38 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Schwarzenegger and Maria Shriver separate?", "id": "56ded2bbc65bf219000b3d55", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the price tag for the private jet Schwarzenegger bought in 1997?", "id": "56ded2bbc65bf219000b3d57", "answers": [{"text": "$38 million", "answer_start": 701}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger's net worth had been conservatively estimated at $100\u2013$200 million. After separating from his wife, Maria Shriver, in 2011, it has been estimated that his net worth has been approximately $400 million, and even as high as $800 million, based on tax returns he filed in 2006. Over the years as an investor, he invested his bodybuilding and movie earnings in an array of stocks, bonds, privately controlled companies, and real estate holdings worldwide, making his net worth as an accurate estimation difficult to calculate, particularly in light of declining real estate values owing to economic recessions in the U.S. and Europe since the late 2000s. In June 1997, Schwarzenegger spent $38 million of his own money on a private Gulfstream jet. Schwarzenegger once said of his fortune, \"Money doesn't make you happy. I now have $50 million, but I was just as happy when I had $48 million.\" He has also stated, \"I've made many millions as a businessman many times over.\""}], ["Pada bulan Oktober 2013, New York Post melaporkan bahawa Schwarzenegger menjelajah masa depan untuk presiden. Bekas gabenor California akan menghadapi halangan perlembagaan; Perkara II, Seksyen I, Klausa V secara amnya menghalang individu yang bukan warganegara yang berasal dari Amerika Syarikat daripada mengambil alih jawatan itu. Dia dilaporkan telah melobi penggubal undang-undang mengenai perubahan perlembagaan yang mungkin, atau mengajukan tantangan undang-undang kepada ketentuan tersebut. Profesor undang-undang Columbia University, Michael Dorf menyedari bahawa tuntutan Schwarzenegger mungkin dapat memenangi dia hak untuk berlari untuk jawatan itu, sambil menyatakan, \"Undang-undang itu sangat jelas, tetapi tidak 100 peratus jelas bahawa mahkamah akan menguatkuasakan undang-undang itu daripada meninggalkannya proses politik. \" <> Artikel, bahagian, dan klausa Perlembagaan memerlukan presiden A.S. sebagai warganegara kelahiran semula jadi? || Artikel II, Bahagian I, Klausa V <> Pada tahun 2013, akhbar apa yang dikatakan Schwarzenegger sedang mempertimbangkan kempen presiden? || New York Post <> Michael Dorf adalah profesor undang-undang di sekolah apa? || Columbia University", {"qas": [{"question": "What article, section, and clause of the Constitution requires U.S. presidents to be natural-born citizens?", "id": "56dece3bc65bf219000b3d3f", "answers": [{"text": "Article II, Section I, Clause V", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2013, what newspaper claimed Schwarzenegger was considering a presidential campaign?", "id": "56dece3bc65bf219000b3d40", "answers": [{"text": "the New York Post", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Michael Dorf is a law professor at what school?", "id": "56dece3bc65bf219000b3d41", "answers": [{"text": "Columbia University", "answer_start": 447}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In October 2013, the New York Post reported that Schwarzenegger was exploring a future run for president. The former California governor would face a constitutional hurdle; Article II, Section I, Clause V nominally prevents individuals who are not natural-born citizens of the United States from assuming the office. He has reportedly been lobbying legislators about a possible constitutional change, or filing a legal challenge to the provision. Columbia University law professor Michael Dorf observed that Schwarzenegger's possible lawsuit could ultimately win him the right to run for the office, noting, \"The law is very clear, but it\u2019s not 100 percent clear that the courts would enforce that law rather than leave it to the political process.\""}], ["Dia juga melabur di pusat membeli-belah di Columbus, Ohio. Dia telah membicarakan beberapa orang yang telah membantunya selama bertahun-tahun dalam perniagaan: \"Saya tidak dapat belajar tentang perniagaan tanpa perarakan guru yang membimbing saya ... dari Milton Friedman ke Donald Trump ... dan sekarang, Les Wexner dan Warren Buffett, saya juga belajar satu atau dua perkara dari Planet Hollywood, seperti ketika hendak keluar! Beliau memiliki pemilikan yang signifikan dalam Penasihat Dana Dimensi, firma pelaburan. Schwarzenegger juga merupakan pemilik Festival Sukan Arnold, yang dimulakan pada tahun 1989 dan diadakan setiap tahun di Columbus, Ohio. Ia adalah festival yang menganjurkan ribuan profesional kesihatan dan kecergasan antarabangsa yang juga telah berkembang menjadi ekspo tiga hari. Beliau juga memiliki syarikat pengeluaran filem yang dikenali sebagai Oak Productions, Inc. dan Publications Publications, sebuah usaha penerbitan bersama Simon & Schuster. <> Apa firma pelaburan yang Schwarzenegger mengekalkan pemilikan separa? || Penasihat Dana Dimensi <> Apa bandar menganjurkan Festival Sukan Arnold setiap tahun? || Columbus, Ohio <> Apa nama syarikat pengeluaran filem Schwarzenegger? || Oak Productions, Inc. <> Apa syarikat penerbitan terkenal dengan Schwarzenegger dalam Penerbitan Kecergasan? || Simon & Schuster", {"qas": [{"question": "What investment firm does Schwarzenegger maintain partial ownership of?", "id": "56ded12cc65bf219000b3d45", "answers": [{"text": "Dimensional Fund Advisors", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city hosts Arnold's Sports Festival each year?", "id": "56ded12cc65bf219000b3d46", "answers": [{"text": "Columbus, Ohio", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the name of Schwarzenegger's film production company?", "id": "56ded12cc65bf219000b3d47", "answers": [{"text": "Oak Productions, Inc.", "answer_start": 778}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What renowned publishing company partners with Schwarzenegger in Fitness Publications?", "id": "56ded12cc65bf219000b3d48", "answers": [{"text": "Simon & Schuster", "answer_start": 858}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "He also invested in a shopping mall in Columbus, Ohio. He has talked about some of those who have helped him over the years in business: \"I couldn't have learned about business without a parade of teachers guiding me... from Milton Friedman to Donald Trump... and now, Les Wexner and Warren Buffett. I even learned a thing or two from Planet Hollywood, such as when to get out! And I did!\" He has significant ownership in Dimensional Fund Advisors, an investment firm. Schwarzenegger is also the owner of Arnold's Sports Festival, which he started in 1989 and is held annually in Columbus, Ohio. It is a festival that hosts thousands of international health and fitness professionals which has also expanded into a three-day expo. He also owns a movie production company called Oak Productions, Inc. and Fitness Publications, a joint publishing venture with Simon & Schuster."}], ["Pada tahun 1969, Schwarzenegger bertemu dengan Barbara Outland (kemudian Barbara Outland Baker), seorang guru bahasa Inggeris yang tinggal di sana hingga tahun 1974. Schwarzenegger bercakap tentang Barbara dalam memoirnya pada tahun 1977: \"Pada dasarnya ia datang untuk ini: dia seorang wanita yang seimbang kehidupan biasa dan padat, dan saya bukan lelaki yang seimbang, dan membenci idea kehidupan biasa. \" Baker telah menggambarkan Schwarzenegger sebagai \"keperibadian yang penuh kegembiraan, penuh karismatik, petualangan, dan olahraga\" tetapi tuntutan menjelang akhir hubungan dia menjadi \"tidak dapat dipertahankan - kebanggaan klasik - dunia berkisar di sekelilingnya\". Baker menerbitkan memoirnya pada tahun 2006, berjudul Arnold and Me: In the Shadow of Oak Austria. Walaupun Baker, kadang-kadang mencatatkan potret kekasihnya yang tidak mencolok, Schwarzenegger sebenarnya menyumbang kepada buku ceritanya dengan pengantar, dan juga bertemu dengan Baker selama tiga jam. Misalnya, Baker mendakwa bahawa dia tidak setia selepas mereka berpecah, dan bercakap mengenai kehidupan cinta bergelora dan ghairah. Schwarzenegger telah menjelaskan bahawa peristiwa-peristiwa peringatan masing-masing boleh berbeza. Pasangan itu pertama kali bertemu enam hingga lapan bulan selepas ketibaannya di U.S - tarikh pertama mereka menonton pendaratan Apollo Moon pertama di televisyen. Mereka berkongsi pangsapuri di Santa Monica selama tiga setengah tahun, dan mempunyai sedikit wang, akan melawat pantai sepanjang hari, atau mempunyai barbeku di halaman belakang. Walaupun Baker mendakwa bahawa ketika dia pertama kali berjumpa dengannya, dia mempunyai \"sedikit pemahaman tentang masyarakat yang sopan\" dan dia mendapati dia berpaling, dia berkata, \"Dia seperti seorang lelaki buatan sendiri kerana mungkin - dia tidak pernah mendapat dorongan dari ibu bapanya, keluarganya, abangnya. Dia hanya mempunyai keazaman yang besar untuk membuktikan dirinya sendiri, dan itu sangat menarik ... saya akan pergi ke kubur saya setelah mengetahui Arnold mencintai saya. \" <> Dalam tahun berapa bekas teman wanita Schwarzenegger, Barbara Outland Baker menyiarkan memoirnya? || 2006 <> Apa yang dikatakan Baker Schwarzenegger ketika dia pertama kali bertemu dengannya? || masyarakat sopan <> Apakah peristiwa bersejarah yang pernah dilakukan oleh Baker dan Schwarzenegger di TV pada tarikh pertama mereka? || pendaratan Apollo Bulan yang pertama", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Schwarzenegger's former girlfriend Barbara Outland Baker publish her memoir?", "id": "56ded3dac65bf219000b3d5b", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 626}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Baker say Schwarzenegger didn't understand when she first met him?", "id": "56ded3dac65bf219000b3d5c", "answers": [{"text": "polite society", "answer_start": 1509}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What historical event did Baker and Schwarzenegger watch on TV together on their first date?", "id": "56ded3dac65bf219000b3d5d", "answers": [{"text": "the first Apollo Moon landing", "answer_start": 1220}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1969, Schwarzenegger met Barbara Outland (later Barbara Outland Baker), an English teacher he lived with until 1974. Schwarzenegger talked about Barbara in his memoir in 1977: \"Basically it came down to this: she was a well-balanced woman who wanted an ordinary, solid life, and I was not a well-balanced man, and hated the very idea of ordinary life.\" Baker has described Schwarzenegger as \"[a] joyful personality, totally charismatic, adventurous, and athletic\" but claims towards the end of the relationship he became \"insufferable \u2013 classically conceited \u2013 the world revolved around him\". Baker published her memoir in 2006, entitled Arnold and Me: In the Shadow of the Austrian Oak. Although Baker, at times, painted an unflattering portrait of her former lover, Schwarzenegger actually contributed to the tell-all book with a foreword, and also met with Baker for three hours. Baker claims, for example, that she only learned of his being unfaithful after they split, and talks of a turbulent and passionate love life. Schwarzenegger has made it clear that their respective recollection of events can differ. The couple first met six to eight months after his arrival in the U.S \u2013 their first date was watching the first Apollo Moon landing on television. They shared an apartment in Santa Monica for three and a half years, and having little money, would visit the beach all day, or have barbecues in the back yard. Although Baker claims that when she first met him, he had \"little understanding of polite society\" and she found him a turn-off, she says, \"He's as much a self-made man as it's possible to be \u2013 he never got encouragement from his parents, his family, his brother. He just had this huge determination to prove himself, and that was very attractive \u2026 I'll go to my grave knowing Arnold loved me.\""}], ["Jet peribadi Schwarzenegger membuat pendaratan kecemasan di Lapangan Terbang Van Nuys pada 19 Jun 2009, selepas juruterbang melaporkan asap datang dari kokpit, menurut satu kenyataan yang dikeluarkan oleh setiausaha akhbar gabenor. Tiada siapa yang dirugikan dalam kejadian itu. <> Di lapangan terbang apa jet Schwarzenegger terpaksa membuat pendaratan kecemasan pada tahun 2009? || Lapangan Terbang Van Nuys", {"qas": [{"question": "At what airport was Schwarzenegger's jet forced to make an emergency landing in 2009?", "id": "56deda76c65bf219000b3d81", "answers": [{"text": "Van Nuys Airport", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger's private jet made an emergency landing at Van Nuys Airport on June 19, 2009, after the pilot reported smoke coming from the cockpit, according to a statement released by the governor's press secretary. No one was harmed in the incident."}], ["Schwarzenegger mengoyakkan tiang skinya dan memecahkan femur kanannya semasa bermain ski di Sun Valley, Idaho, bersama keluarganya pada 23 Disember 2006. Pada 26 Disember 2006, dia menjalani operasi selama 90 minit di mana kabel dan skru digunakan untuk wayar tulang patah kembali bersama-sama. Dia dibebaskan dari Pusat Kesihatan St. John pada 30 Disember 2006. <> Apa tulang yang dilakukan Schwarzenegger semasa istirahat ski pada tahun 2006? || kanan femur <> Di mana Schwarzenegger bercuti ketika dia memecahkan kakinya? || Sun Valley, Idaho", {"qas": [{"question": "What bone did Schwarzenegger break while on a ski trip in 2006?", "id": "56deda17c65bf219000b3d7b", "answers": [{"text": "right femur", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Schwarzenegger vacationing when he broke his leg?", "id": "56deda17c65bf219000b3d7c", "answers": [{"text": "Sun Valley, Idaho", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger tripped over his ski pole and broke his right femur while skiing in Sun Valley, Idaho, with his family on December 23, 2006. On December 26, 2006, he underwent a 90-minute operation in which cables and screws were used to wire the broken bone back together. He was released from the St. John's Health Center on December 30, 2006."}], ["Selepas skandal itu, pelakon Brigitte Nielsen mendahului dan menyatakan bahawa dia juga mempunyai hubungan dengan Schwarzenegger semasa dia berada dalam hubungan dengan Shriver, sambil berkata, \"Mungkin saya tidak akan mendapat ke dalamnya jika dia berkata 'Saya akan berkahwin Maria 'dan ini mati serius, tetapi dia tidak, dan urusan kami dijalankan. \" Apabila ditanya pada tahun 2014 \"Daripada semua perkara yang anda terkenal ... yang mana anda paling tidak bangga?\", Schwarzenegger menjawab \"Saya paling tidak bangga dengan kesilapan yang saya buat yang menyebabkan kesakitan keluarga saya dan berpecah kita\". <> Apa yang dikatakan aktris dia juga melakukan hubungan dengan Schwarzenegger ketika dia bersama Shriver? || Brigitte Nielsen", {"qas": [{"question": "What actress claimed she also carried on an affair with Schwarzenegger while he was with Shriver?", "id": "56ded8513277331400b4d761", "answers": [{"text": "Brigitte Nielsen", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After the scandal, actress Brigitte Nielsen came forward and stated that she too had an affair with Schwarzenegger while he was in a relationship with Shriver, saying, \"Maybe I wouldn't have got into it if he said 'I'm going to marry Maria' and this is dead serious, but he didn't, and our affair carried on.\" When asked in 2014 \"Of all the things you are famous for \u2026 which are you least proud of?\", Schwarzenegger replied \"I'm least proud of the mistakes I made that caused my family pain and split us up\"."}], ["Pada 8 Januari 2006, manakala Schwarzenegger sedang menunggang motosikal Harley Davidson di Los Angeles, bersama anaknya Patrick dalam sidecar, seorang pemandu lain telah memasuki jalan yang ditunggangi, menyebabkan dia dan anaknya bertembung dengan kereta pada tahap rendah kelajuan. Sementara anaknya dan pemandu lain tidak diselamatkan, gabenor mengalami kecederaan ringan di bibirnya, yang memerlukan 15 jahitan. \"Tiada kutipan dikeluarkan,\" kata Pegawai Jason Lee, jurucakap Jabatan Polis Los Angeles. Schwarzenegger tidak memperolehi lesen motosikalnya sehingga 3 Julai 2006. <> Manakah anak lelaki Schwarzenegger bersamanya apabila dia mengalami kemalangan motosikal pada tahun 2006? || Patrick", {"qas": [{"question": "Which of Schwarzenegger's sons was with him when he had a motorcycle accident in 2006?", "id": "56ded9b5c65bf219000b3d77", "answers": [{"text": "Patrick", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On January 8, 2006, while Schwarzenegger was riding his Harley Davidson motorcycle in Los Angeles, with his son Patrick in the sidecar, another driver backed into the street he was riding on, causing him and his son to collide with the car at a low speed. While his son and the other driver were unharmed, the governor sustained a minor injury to his lip, requiring 15 stitches. \"No citations were issued\", said Officer Jason Lee, a Los Angeles Police Department spokesman. Schwarzenegger did not obtain his motorcycle license until July 3, 2006."}], ["Schwarzenegger dilahirkan dengan injap aorta bicuspid, injap aorta dengan hanya dua risalah (injap aorta normal mempunyai tiga risalah). Schwarzenegger memilih pada tahun 1997 untuk injap jantung gantian yang diperbuat daripada tisu yang dipindahkannya sendiri; pakar perubatan meramalkan dia akan memerlukan pembedahan penggantian injap jantung dalam dua hingga lapan tahun berikut kerana injapnya akan menurun secara perlahan. Schwarzenegger nampaknya menentang injap mekanikal, satu-satunya penyelesaian kekal yang terdapat pada masa pembedahannya, kerana ia akan membataskan aktiviti fizikal dan keupayaannya. <> Kata apa yang menggambarkan injap aorta dengan dua daripada tiga risalah? || Bicuspid <> Schwarzenegger menjalani penggantian injap jantung dalam tahun berapa? || 1997", {"qas": [{"question": "What word describes an aortic valve with two rather than three leaflets?", "id": "56ded8b43277331400b4d765", "answers": [{"text": "bicuspid", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Schwarzenegger underwent heart valve replacement in what year?", "id": "56ded8b43277331400b4d766", "answers": [{"text": "1997", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger was born with a bicuspid aortic valve, an aortic valve with only two leaflets (a normal aortic valve has three leaflets). Schwarzenegger opted in 1997 for a replacement heart valve made of his own transplanted tissue; medical experts predicted he would require heart valve replacement surgery in the following two to eight years as his valve would progressively degrade. Schwarzenegger apparently opted against a mechanical valve, the only permanent solution available at the time of his surgery, because it would have sharply limited his physical activity and capacity to exercise."}], ["Pada 9 Mei 2011, Shriver dan Schwarzenegger mengakhiri hubungan mereka selepas 25 tahun perkahwinan, dengan Shriver bergerak keluar dari rumah Brentwood pasangan itu. Pada 16 Mei 2011, Los Angeles Times mendedahkan bahawa Schwarzenegger mempunyai anak lelaki lebih daripada empat belas tahun lebih awal dengan seorang pekerja di rumah mereka, Mildred Patricia 'Patty' Baena. \"Selepas meninggalkan pejabat gabenor, saya memberitahu isteri saya mengenai kejadian ini, yang berlaku lebih sedekad lalu,\" kata Schwarzenegger dalam kenyataan yang dikeluarkan The Times. Dalam kenyataan itu, Schwarzenegger tidak menyebut bahawa dia telah mengaku kepada isterinya hanya selepas Shriver telah berhadapan dengan maklumat itu, yang telah dilakukannya setelah mengesahkan dengan pengurus rumah apa yang dia disyaki tentang anak itu. <> Berapa lama Schwarzenegger dan Shriver berkahwin? || 25 tahun <> Apa akhbar memecahkan cerita tentang anak Schwarzenegger dengan wanita lain? || Los Angeles Times", {"qas": [{"question": "How long were Schwarzenegger and Shriver married?", "id": "56ded6593277331400b4d751", "answers": [{"text": "25 years", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What newspaper broke the story about Schwarzenegger's child with another woman?", "id": "56ded6593277331400b4d752", "answers": [{"text": "the Los Angeles Times", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On May 9, 2011, Shriver and Schwarzenegger ended their relationship after 25 years of marriage, with Shriver moving out of the couple's Brentwood mansion. On May 16, 2011, the Los Angeles Times revealed that Schwarzenegger had fathered a son more than fourteen years earlier with an employee in their household, Mildred Patricia 'Patty' Baena. \"After leaving the governor's office I told my wife about this event, which occurred over a decade ago,\" Schwarzenegger said in a statement issued to The Times. In the statement, Schwarzenegger did not mention that he had confessed to his wife only after Shriver had confronted him with the information, which she had done after confirming with the housekeeper what she had suspected about the child."}], ["Schwarzenegger telah berunding dengan seorang peguam, Bob Kaufman. Kaufman sebelum ini telah mengendalikan kes perceraian untuk selebriti seperti Jennifer Aniston dan Reese Witherspoon. Schwarzenegger akan memelihara rumah Brentwood sebagai sebahagian daripada penyelesaian perceraian mereka dan Shriver telah membeli rumah baru di dekatnya supaya anak-anak boleh bergerak dengan mudah di antara rumah ibu bapa mereka. Mereka akan berkongsi hak penjagaan kedua-dua anak kecil itu. Schwarzenegger diserang api selepas petisyen awal tidak termasuk sokongan suami dan bayaran balik peguam. Walau bagaimanapun, beliau mendakwa ini tidak disengajakan dan dia menandatangani dokumen awal tanpa membacanya dengan betul. Schwarzenegger telah memfailkan kertas perceraian yang dipinda memperbaikinya. <> Peguam mana yang Schwarzenegger berunding untuk mengendalikan perceraiannya? || Bob Kaufman <> Yang kedua menyimpan rumah keluarga mereka di Brentwood? || Petisyen perceraian Schwarzenegger Schwarzenegger gagal memberikan bayaran balik peguam dan keadaan perceraian yang lain? || sokongan keluarga", {"qas": [{"question": "Which attorney did Schwarzenegger consult to handle his divorce?", "id": "56ded8093277331400b4d75b", "answers": [{"text": "Bob Kaufman", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of the two kept their family home in Brentwood?", "id": "56ded8093277331400b4d75c", "answers": [{"text": "Schwarzenegger", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Schwarzenegger's initial divorce petition failed to provide for attorney's fee reimbursement and what other condition of divorce?", "id": "56ded8093277331400b4d75d", "answers": [{"text": "spousal support", "answer_start": 479}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger has consulted an attorney, Bob Kaufman. Kaufman has earlier handled divorce cases for celebrities such as Jennifer Aniston and Reese Witherspoon. Schwarzenegger will keep the Brentwood home as part of their divorce settlement and Shriver has purchased a new home nearby so that the children may travel easily between their parents' homes. They will share custody of the two minor children. Schwarzenegger came under fire after the initial petition did not include spousal support and a reimbursement of attorney's fees. However, he claims this was not intentional and that he signed the initial documents without having properly read them. Schwarzenegger has filed amended divorce papers remedying this."}], ["Ketinggian rasmi Schwarzenegger 6'2 \"(1.88 m) telah dibincangkan oleh beberapa artikel. Dalam hari bina badannya pada akhir 1960-an, dia diukur menjadi 6'1.5\" (1.87 m), ketinggian yang disahkan oleh rakannya pembina badan. Walau bagaimanapun, pada tahun 1988 majalah Daily Mail dan Time Out menyebut bahawa Schwarzenegger kelihatan lebih pendek. Sebelum berlari untuk Gabenor, ketinggian Schwarzenegger sekali lagi dipersoalkan dalam artikel oleh Chicago Reader. Sebagai Gabenor, Schwarzenegger terlibat dalam pertukaran hati dengan Assemblyman Herb Wesson atas ketinggian mereka. Pada satu ketika, Wesson membuat percubaan yang tidak berjaya, dengan kata-kata sendiri, \"selesaikan ini sekali dan untuk semua dan ketahui seberapa tinggi dia\" dengan menggunakan ukuran kaset pada Gabenor. Schwarzenegger membalas dengan meletakkan bantal yang dijahit dengan perkataan \"Need a lift?\" pada kerusi Wesson lima inci (165 cm) sebelum sesi rundingan di pejabatnya. Bob Mulholland juga mendakwa Schwarzenegger adalah 5'10 \"(1.78 m) dan dia memakai risers dalam but. Pada tahun 1999, majalah Kesihatan Lelaki menyatakan ketinggiannya adalah 5'10\". <> Berapa tinggi yang Schwarzenegger mendakwa? || 6'2 \"<> Apakah dewan dewan itu mencuba untuk mengukur ketinggian Schwarzenegger? || Herb Wesson <> Berapa tinggi majalah majalah Kesehatan Lelaki Schwarzenegger berada dalam isu 1999? || 5'10\"", {"qas": [{"question": "How tall does Schwarzenegger claim to be?", "id": "56dedb693277331400b4d769", "answers": [{"text": "6'2\"", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Assemblyman playfully tried to measure Schwarzenegger's height?", "id": "56dedb693277331400b4d76a", "answers": [{"text": "Herb Wesson", "answer_start": 549}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How tall did Men's Health magazine report Schwarzenegger to be in a 1999 issue?", "id": "56dedb693277331400b4d76b", "answers": [{"text": "5'10\"", "answer_start": 989}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger's official height of 6'2\" (1.88 m) has been brought into question by several articles. In his bodybuilding days in the late 1960s, he was measured to be 6'1.5\" (1.87 m), a height confirmed by his fellow bodybuilders. However, in 1988 both the Daily Mail and Time Out magazine mentioned that Schwarzenegger appeared noticeably shorter. Prior to running for Governor, Schwarzenegger's height was once again questioned in an article by the Chicago Reader. As Governor, Schwarzenegger engaged in a light-hearted exchange with Assemblyman Herb Wesson over their heights. At one point, Wesson made an unsuccessful attempt to, in his own words, \"settle this once and for all and find out how tall he is\" by using a tailor's tape measure on the Governor. Schwarzenegger retaliated by placing a pillow stitched with the words \"Need a lift?\" on the five-foot-five inch (165 cm) Wesson's chair before a negotiating session in his office. Bob Mulholland also claimed Schwarzenegger was 5'10\" (1.78 m) and that he wore risers in his boots. In 1999, Men's Health magazine stated his height was 5'10\"."}], ["Pada 26 April 1986, Schwarzenegger berkahwin dengan wartawan televisyen Maria Shriver, keponakan Presiden John F. Kennedy, di Hyannis, Massachusetts. Pembaptis John Baptist Riordan melakukan upacara di Gereja Katolik St. Francis Xavier. Mereka mempunyai empat orang anak: Katherine Eunice Schwarzenegger (dilahirkan pada 13 Disember 1989 di Los Angeles); Christina Maria Aurelia Schwarzenegger (lahir 23 Julai 1991 di Los Angeles); Patrick Arnold Shriver Schwarzenegger (lahir 18 September 1993 di Los Angeles); dan Christopher Sargent Shriver Schwarzenegger (lahir 27 September 1997 di Los Angeles). Schwarzenegger tinggal di rumah seluas 11,000 kaki persegi (1,000 m2) di Brentwood. Pasangan bercerai kini memiliki rumah percutian di Sun Valley, Idaho dan Hyannis Port, Massachusetts. Mereka menghadiri Gereja Katolik St. Monica. Berikutan pemisahan mereka, dilaporkan bahawa Schwarzenegger berketurunan terapis fizikal Heather Milligan. <> Apa hubungan Maria Shriver dengan Presiden John F. Kennedy || Keponakan <> Apa bandar Massachusetts yang menetapkan perkahwinan antara Shriver dan Schwarzenegger? || Hyannis <> Berapa ramai kanak-kanak Schwarzenegger dan Shriver bersatu? || empat <> Siapa yang Schwarzenegger dilaporkan mula bertarikh sejurus selepas perpisahannya? || Heather Milligan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Maria Shriver's relation to President John F. Kennedy", "id": "56ded5bbc65bf219000b3d64", "answers": [{"text": "niece", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Massachusetts town was the setting for the wedding between Shriver and Schwarzenegger?", "id": "56ded5bbc65bf219000b3d65", "answers": [{"text": "Hyannis", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many children did Schwarzenegger and Shriver have together?", "id": "56ded5bbc65bf219000b3d66", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Schwarzenegger reportedly begin dating shortly after his separation?", "id": "56ded5bbc65bf219000b3d67", "answers": [{"text": "Heather Milligan", "answer_start": 892}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On April 26, 1986, Schwarzenegger married television journalist Maria Shriver, niece of President John F. Kennedy, in Hyannis, Massachusetts. The Rev. John Baptist Riordan performed the ceremony at St. Francis Xavier Catholic Church. They have four children: Katherine Eunice Schwarzenegger (born December 13, 1989 in Los Angeles); Christina Maria Aurelia Schwarzenegger (born July 23, 1991 in Los Angeles); Patrick Arnold Shriver Schwarzenegger (born September 18, 1993 in Los Angeles); and Christopher Sargent Shriver Schwarzenegger (born September 27, 1997 in Los Angeles). Schwarzenegger lives in a 11,000-square-foot (1,000 m2) home in Brentwood. The divorcing couple currently own vacation homes in Sun Valley, Idaho and Hyannis Port, Massachusetts. They attended St. Monica's Catholic Church. Following their separation, it is reported that Schwarzenegger is dating physical therapist Heather Milligan."}], ["Baena berusia 60 tahun dari asal Guatemala, telah bekerja oleh keluarga selama 20 tahun dan bersara pada Januari 2011. Baena hamil sedang bekerja di rumah sementara Shriver mengandung anak bungsu dari empat anak pasangan itu. Anak lelaki Baena dengan Schwarzenegger, Joseph, dilahirkan pada 2 Oktober 1997; Shriver melahirkan Christopher pada 27 September 1997. Schwarzenegger mengatakan bahawa ia mengambil masa tujuh atau lapan tahun sebelum dia mendapati bahawa dia telah mempelai anak dengan pengurus rumahnya. Tidak sampai budak lelaki itu \"mula kelihatan seperti saya, ketika saya agak mendapatnya, saya meletakkan semuanya bersama,\" bintang tindakan dan bekas gabenor California, memberitahu 60 Minit. Schwarzenegger telah mengambil tanggungjawab kewangan untuk kanak-kanak \"dari awal dan terus memberikan sokongan.\" Radio KNX 1070 melaporkan bahawa pada 2010 dia membeli sebuah rumah empat bilik tidur baru, dengan kolam renang, untuk Baena dan anak mereka di Bakersfield, kira-kira 112 batu (180 km) di utara Los Angeles. Baena dipisahkan dari suaminya, Rogelio, pada tahun 1997, beberapa bulan selepas kelahiran Yusuf, dan memfailkan perceraian pada tahun 2008. Bekas suami Baena mengatakan bahawa sijil kelahiran anak itu dipalsukan dan dia merancang untuk menyaman Schwarzenegger kerana terlibat dalam konspirasi untuk memalsukan dokumen awam, jenayah serius di California. <> Baena bekerja untuk keluarga Schwarzenegger / Shriver selama berapa tahun? || 20 <> Apa nama pertama anak Schwarzenegger dengan Baena? || Yusuf <> Schwarzenegger membeli Baena dan anak mereka sebuah rumah empat bilik tidur pada tahun berapa? || 2010", {"qas": [{"question": "Baena worked for the Schwarzenegger/Shriver family for how many years?", "id": "56ded70f3277331400b4d755", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the first name of Schwarzenegger's son with Baena?", "id": "56ded70f3277331400b4d756", "answers": [{"text": "Joseph", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Schwarzenegger bought Baena and their son a four-bedroom house in what year?", "id": "56ded70f3277331400b4d757", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 795}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Fifty-year-old Baena, of Guatemalan origin, was employed by the family for 20 years and retired in January 2011. The pregnant Baena was working in the home while Shriver was pregnant with the youngest of the couple\u2019s four children. Baena's son with Schwarzenegger, Joseph, was born on October 2, 1997; Shriver gave birth to Christopher on September 27, 1997. Schwarzenegger says it took seven or eight years before he found out that he had fathered a child with his housekeeper. It wasn't until the boy \"started looking like me, that's when I kind of got it. I put things together,\" the action star and former California governor, told 60 Minutes. Schwarzenegger has taken financial responsibility for the child \"from the start and continued to provide support.\" KNX 1070 radio reported that in 2010 he bought a new four-bedroom house, with a pool, for Baena and their son in Bakersfield, about 112 miles (180 km) north of Los Angeles. Baena separated from her husband, Rogelio, in 1997, a few months after Joseph's birth, and filed for divorce in 2008. Baena's ex-husband says that the child's birth certificate was falsified and that he plans to sue Schwarzenegger for engaging in conspiracy to falsify a public document, a serious crime in California."}], ["Dia berada dalam berita pada 2014 kerana membeli Vitesse Sport Grand Bugatti Veyron yang jarang berlaku. Dia dilihat dan difilmkan pada musim panas 2015 di dalam keretanya, perak dicat dengan roda palsu aluminium yang cerah. Bugatti Schwarzenegger mempunyai bahagian dalamannya yang dihiasi dengan kulit coklat gelap. <> Apa warna yang luar dari Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse Schwarzenegger? || perak", {"qas": [{"question": "What color is the exterior of Schwarzenegger's Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse?", "id": "56dedcef3277331400b4d779", "answers": [{"text": "silver", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "He was in the news in 2014 for buying a rare Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse. He was spotted and filmed in 2015 Summer in his car, silver painted with bright aluminium forged wheels. Schwarzenegger's Bugatti has its interior adorned in dark brown leather."}], ["Schwarzenegger adalah orang awam pertama yang membeli Humvee. Dia begitu terpesona oleh kenderaan yang dia melobi pengeluar Humvee, AM General, untuk menghasilkan versi jalan-hukum, sipil, yang mereka lakukan pada tahun 1992; dua Hummer pertama yang mereka jual juga dibeli oleh Schwarzenegger. <> Dalam tahun apakah AM memberi ganjaran Schwarzenegger untuk Humvee jalanan undang-undang? || 1992 <> Sebagai tambahan kepada Humvee, apa lagi kenderaan yang dikeluarkan oleh AM General dulu Schwarzenegger? || Hummers", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did AM General grant Schwarzenegger's wish for a street-legal Humvee?", "id": "56dedc703277331400b4d775", "answers": [{"text": "1992", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to the Humvee, what other vehicle manufactured by AM General was Schwarzenegger first to own?", "id": "56dedc703277331400b4d776", "answers": [{"text": "Hummers", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger was the first civilian to purchase a Humvee. He was so enamored by the vehicle that he lobbied the Humvee's manufacturer, AM General, to produce a street-legal, civilian version, which they did in 1992; the first two Hummers they sold were also purchased by Schwarzenegger."}], ["Autobiografi Schwarzenegger, Total Recall, dikeluarkan pada bulan Oktober 2012. Dia menumpukan satu bab yang disebut \"The Secret\" kepada urusan luar nikahnya. Majoriti bukunya adalah tentang kejayaannya dalam tiga bab utama dalam hidupnya: pembina badan, pelakon, dan Gabenor California. <> Apakah tajuk autobiografi Schwarzenegger? || Total Recall <> Apa yang Schwarzenegger menamakan bab buku yang menangani hubungan luar nikahnya? || \"Rahsia\" <> Bilakah autobiografi Schwarzenegger dikeluarkan? || Oktober 2012", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the title of Schwarzenegger's autobiography?", "id": "56dedbce3277331400b4d76f", "answers": [{"text": "Total Recall", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Schwarzenegger name the chapter of the book that addresses his extramarital affair?", "id": "56dedbce3277331400b4d770", "answers": [{"text": "\"The Secret\"", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Schwarzenegger's autobiography released?", "id": "56dedbce3277331400b4d771", "answers": [{"text": "October 2012", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Schwarzenegger's autobiography, Total Recall, was released in October 2012. He devotes one chapter called \"The Secret\" to his extramarital affair. The majority of his book is about his successes in the three major chapters in his life: bodybuilder, actor, and Governor of California."}], ["Pada tahun 2012, Schwarzenegger membantu menemui Institut Schwarzenegger untuk Dasar Negara dan Global, yang merupakan sebahagian daripada Dasar Dasar Sekolah USC Sol pada Universiti California Selatan. Misi Institut adalah untuk \"memajukan pasca-partisanship, di mana pemimpin meletakkan orang ke atas parti politik dan bekerjasama untuk mencari idea dan penyelesaian terbaik untuk memberi manfaat kepada orang yang mereka layani,\" dan \"berusaha mempengaruhi kebijakan awam dan perdebatan umum dalam mencari penyelesaian kepada cabaran yang serius yang kita hadapi. \" Schwarzenegger bertindak sebagai pengerusi Institut. <> Apa sekolah di Universiti California Selatan yang dimiliki oleh Institut Schwarzenegger untuk Dasar dan Dasar Global? || USC Sol Price School of Public Policy <> Pada tahun apakah Schwarzenegger Institute for State dan Policy Global diasaskan? || 2012 <> Apakah kedudukan Schwarzenegger dengan Institut? || pengerusi", {"qas": [{"question": "What school within the University of Southern California does the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy belong to?", "id": "56dedfc3c65bf219000b3d9d", "answers": [{"text": "the USC Sol Price School of Public Policy", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy founded?", "id": "56dedfc3c65bf219000b3d9e", "answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What position does Schwarzenegger hold with the Institute?", "id": "56dedfc3c65bf219000b3d9f", "answers": [{"text": "chairman", "answer_start": 539}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2012, Schwarzenegger helped to found the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy, which is a part of the USC Sol Price School of Public Policy at the University of Southern California. The Institute's mission is to \"[advance] post-partisanship, where leaders put people over political parties and work together to find the best ideas and solutions to benefit the people they serve,\" and to \"seek to influence public policy and public debate in finding solutions to the serious challenges we face.\" Schwarzenegger serves as chairman of the Institute."}], ["Arnold Schwarzenegger telah terlibat dengan Sukan Olimpik Khas selama bertahun-tahun selepas mereka ditubuhkan oleh bekas mertuanya, Eunice Kennedy Shriver. Pada tahun 2007, Schwarzenegger adalah jurucakap rasmi untuk Sukan Olimpik Khas yang diadakan di Shanghai, China. Schwarzenegger percaya bahawa peluang sekolah yang berkualiti perlu disediakan untuk kanak-kanak yang mungkin tidak dapat mengaksesnya secara normal. Pada tahun 1995, beliau mengasaskan Yayasan Permainan Inner City (ICG) yang menyediakan pengaturcaraan budaya, pendidikan dan komuniti masyarakat kepada belia. ICG aktif di 15 bandar di seluruh negara dan menyediakan lebih 250,000 kanak-kanak di lebih 400 sekolah di seluruh negara. Beliau juga pernah terlibat dengan After-School All-Stars, dan mengasaskan cawangan Los Angeles pada tahun 2002. ASAS adalah pembekal program selepas sekolah, mendidik belia tentang kesihatan, kecergasan dan pemakanan. <> Apa untung yang dilakukan Schwarzenegger ditemui pada tahun 1995? || Yayasan Permainan Inner City <> Schwarzenegger adalah jurubicara untuk permainan Olimpiade Khusus yang diadakan di kota apa di China? || Shanghai <> Berapa banyak sekolah di seluruh negara yang aktif di ICG? || 400", {"qas": [{"question": "What nonprofit did Schwarzenegger found in 1995?", "id": "56dedef03277331400b4d78b", "answers": [{"text": "the Inner City Games Foundation", "answer_start": 431}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Schwarzenegger was the spokesperson for the Special Olympic games held in what city in China?", "id": "56dedef03277331400b4d78c", "answers": [{"text": "Shanghai", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many schools across the country is ICG active in?", "id": "56dedef03277331400b4d78d", "answers": [{"text": "400", "answer_start": 640}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Arnold Schwarzenegger has been involved with the Special Olympics for many years after they were founded by his ex-mother-in-law, Eunice Kennedy Shriver. In 2007, Schwarzenegger was the official spokesperson for the Special Olympics which were held in Shanghai, China. Schwarzenegger believes that quality school opportunities should be made available to children who might not normally be able to access them. In 1995, he founded the Inner City Games Foundation (ICG) which provides cultural, educational and community enrichment programming to youth. ICG is active in 15 cities around the country and serves over 250,000 children in over 400 schools countrywide. He has also been involved with After-School All-Stars, and founded the Los Angeles branch in 2002. ASAS is an after school program provider, educating youth about health, fitness and nutrition."}], ["Para Hummer yang membeli Schwarzenegger 1992 sangat besar - setiap beratnya 6,300 lb (2,900 kg) dan lebar 7 kaki (2.1 m) - mereka diklasifikasikan sebagai trak besar, dan peraturan ekonomi bahan api A.S. tidak berlaku kepada mereka. Semasa kempen peninjauan gubernur, dia mengumumkan bahawa dia akan menukar salah seorang Hummernya untuk membakar hidrogen. Penukaran itu dilaporkan mempunyai kos kira-kira US $ 21,000. Selepas pilihan raya, beliau menandatangani perintah eksekutif untuk melancarkan pembinaan loji pengisian hidrogen yang dipanggil Rangkaian Lebuhraya California Hidrogen, dan memperoleh geran Jabatan Tenaga A.S. untuk membantu membayar kos yang diunjurkan sebanyak AS $ 91,000,000. California mengambil penghantaran H2H pertama (Hidrogen Hummer) pada bulan Oktober 2004. <> Berapa banyak pound salah satu daripada Schwarzenegger's Hummers berat? || 6,300 <> Berapa banyak yang dikeluarkan Schwarzenegger untuk menukar Hummer untuk menjalankan hidrogen? || $ 21,000 <> Apa yang Schwarzenegger namanya merancang untuk membina stesen minyak mengisi minyak di seluruh California? || Rangkaian Lebuhraya Hidrogen California <> Apakah jabatan kerajaan menyumbang geran kepada projek bahan api hidrogen Schwarzenegger? || Jabatan Tenaga A.S.", {"qas": [{"question": "How many pounds does one of Schwarzenegger's Hummers weigh?", "id": "56dede26c65bf219000b3d83", "answers": [{"text": "6,300", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did Schwarzenegger spend to convert a Hummer to run on hydrogen?", "id": "56dede26c65bf219000b3d84", "answers": [{"text": "$21,000", "answer_start": 380}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Schwarzenegger name his plan to build hydrogen refueling stations throughout California?", "id": "56dede26c65bf219000b3d85", "answers": [{"text": "California Hydrogen Highway Network", "answer_start": 505}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What governmental department contributed a grant to Schwarzenegger's hydrogen fuel project?", "id": "56dede26c65bf219000b3d86", "answers": [{"text": "U.S. Department of Energy", "answer_start": 555}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Hummers that Schwarzenegger bought 1992 are so large \u2013 each weighs 6,300 lb (2,900 kg) and is 7 feet (2.1 m) wide \u2013 that they are classified as large trucks, and U.S. fuel economy regulations do not apply to them. During the gubernatorial recall campaign he announced that he would convert one of his Hummers to burn hydrogen. The conversion was reported to have cost about US$21,000. After the election, he signed an executive order to jump-start the building of hydrogen refueling plants called the California Hydrogen Highway Network, and gained a U.S. Department of Energy grant to help pay for its projected US$91,000,000 cost. California took delivery of the first H2H (Hydrogen Hummer) in October 2004."}]], [["Sepanjang abad ke-17 Plymouth telah beransur-ansur kehilangan keunggulannya sebagai pelabuhan perdagangan. Menjelang barang-barang komoditi pertengahan abad ke-17 yang dibuat di tempat lain di England terlalu mahal untuk dibawa ke Plymouth dan bandar itu tidak mempunyai cara memproses gula atau tembakau, meskipun ia memainkan peranan yang agak kecil dalam perdagangan hamba Atlantik pada awal abad ke-18. <> Selama abad apa Plymouth terlibat dengan perdagangan hamba Atlantik? || 18th <> Dalam abad berapa Plymouth berhenti menjadi pelabuhan perdagangan penting? || 17th", {"qas": [{"question": "During what century was Plymouth involved with the Atlantic slave trade?", "id": "56de6c80cffd8e1900b4b8a2", "answers": [{"text": "18th", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did Plymouth cease to be a vital trading port?", "id": "56de6c80cffd8e1900b4b8a3", "answers": [{"text": "17th", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Throughout the 17th century Plymouth had gradually lost its pre-eminence as a trading port. By the mid-17th century commodities manufactured elsewhere in England cost too much to transport to Plymouth and the city had no means of processing sugar or tobacco imports, although it did play a relatively small part in the Atlantic slave trade during the early 18th century."}], ["Deposit Palaeolitik atas, termasuk tulang Homo sapiens, telah ditemui di gua-gua tempatan, dan artifak yang berasal dari Zaman Gangsa hingga Zaman Besi Tengah telah ditemui di Gunung Batten menunjukkan bahawa ia adalah salah satu pelabuhan perdagangan utama negara itu masa. Sebuah penyelesaian yang tidak dikenal pasti bernama 'TAMARI OSTIA' (mulut / estuari Tamar) disenaraikan di Ptolemy's Geographia dan dianggap terletak di kawasan kota moden. <> Apakah nama lokasi yang dipetik oleh Ptolemy yang dipercayai terletak berhampiran Plymouth moden? || TAMARI OSTIA <> Di mana terdapat sisa Pertengahan Umur Besi? || Gunung Batten <> Apa maksud 'TAMARI OSTIA'? || mulut / estuari Tamar", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the location cited by Ptolemy that is believed to have been located near modern Plymouth?", "id": "56de67e0cffd8e1900b4b888", "answers": [{"text": "TAMARI OSTIA", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where have Middle Iron Age remnants been found?", "id": "56de67e0cffd8e1900b4b889", "answers": [{"text": "Mount Batten", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does 'TAMARI OSTIA' mean?", "id": "56de67e0cffd8e1900b4b88a", "answers": [{"text": "mouth/estuaries of the Tamar", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Upper Palaeolithic deposits, including bones of Homo sapiens, have been found in local caves, and artefacts dating from the Bronze Age to the Middle Iron Age have been found at Mount Batten showing that it was one of the main trading ports of the country at that time. An unidentified settlement named 'TAMARI OSTIA' (mouth/estuaries of the Tamar) is listed in Ptolemy's Geographia and is presumed to be located in the area of the modern city."}], ["Plymouth (i / pl\u026am\u0259\u03b8 /) adalah sebuah bandar di pantai selatan Devon, England, kira-kira 37 km (60 km) barat daya Exeter dan 190 km (310 km) barat-selatan-barat London, sungai Plym ke timur dan Tamar ke barat di mana mereka menyertai Plymouth Sound untuk membentuk sempadan dengan Cornwall. <> Dalam kilometer, apakah jarak dari Plymouth ke Exeter? || 60 <> Berapa batu jauhnya dari London adalah Plymouth? || 190 <> Apa sungai yang bersempadan dengan Plymouth di barat? || Tamar <> Di mana daerah Plymouth terletak? || Devon <> Dalam apa jisim air yang menumpuk sungai-sungai Tamar dan Plym? || Plymouth Sound", {"qas": [{"question": "In kilometers, what is the distance from Plymouth to Exeter?", "id": "56de64cf4396321400ee2875", "answers": [{"text": "60", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many miles away from London is Plymouth?", "id": "56de64cf4396321400ee2876", "answers": [{"text": "190", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What river borders Plymouth on the west?", "id": "56de64cf4396321400ee2877", "answers": [{"text": "Tamar", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what county is Plymouth located?", "id": "56de64cf4396321400ee2878", "answers": [{"text": "Devon", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what body of water do the rivers Tamar and Plym converge?", "id": "56de64cf4396321400ee2879", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth Sound", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Plymouth (i/\u02c8pl\u026am\u0259\u03b8/) is a city on the south coast of Devon, England, about 37 miles (60 km) south-west of Exeter and 190 miles (310 km) west-south-west of London, between the mouths of the rivers Plym to the east and Tamar to the west where they join Plymouth Sound to form the boundary with Cornwall."}], ["Penyelesaian Plympton, lebih jauh dari Sungai Plym daripada Plymouth semasa, juga merupakan pelabuhan awal perdagangan, tetapi sungai itu mengalir di awal abad ke-11 dan memaksa para pelaut dan pedagang untuk menetap di Barbican hari ini berhampiran mulut sungai. Pada masa ini kampung ini dipanggil Sutton, yang bermaksud bandar selatan dalam Bahasa Inggeris Lama. Nama Plym Mouth, yang bermaksud \"mulut Sungai Plym\" pertama kali disebut dalam Roll Pipe 1211. Nama Plymouth yang pertama secara rasmi menggantikan Sutton dalam piagam Raja Henry VI pada tahun 1440. Lihat Plympton untuk pembentukan nama Plym. <> Dalam abad apa para pelaut diwajibkan berpindah dari Plympton disebabkan keledai? || 11th <> Apa maksud Sutton dalam bahasa Inggeris Lama? || selatan bandar <> Pada tahun apakah rujukan pertama ditulis oleh Plymouth? || 1211 <> Semasa pemerintahannya adalah bandar bekas Sutton disebut sebagai Plymouth? || King Henry VI <> Apa maksud 'Plym Mouth'? || mulut Sungai Plym", {"qas": [{"question": "In what century were sailors obligated to relocate from Plympton due to silting?", "id": "56de68a54396321400ee289d", "answers": [{"text": "11th", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Sutton mean in the Old English language?", "id": "56de68a54396321400ee289e", "answers": [{"text": "south town", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the first written reference to Plymouth made?", "id": "56de68a54396321400ee289f", "answers": [{"text": "1211", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During whose reign was the former town of Sutton referred to as Plymouth?", "id": "56de68a54396321400ee28a0", "answers": [{"text": "King Henry VI", "answer_start": 506}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did 'Plym Mouth' mean?", "id": "56de68a54396321400ee28a1", "answers": [{"text": "mouth of the River Plym", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The settlement of Plympton, further up the River Plym than the current Plymouth, was also an early trading port, but the river silted up in the early 11th century and forced the mariners and merchants to settle at the current day Barbican near the river mouth. At the time this village was called Sutton, meaning south town in Old English. The name Plym Mouth, meaning \"mouth of the River Plym\" was first mentioned in a Pipe Roll of 1211. The name Plymouth first officially replaced Sutton in a charter of King Henry VI in 1440. See Plympton for the derivation of the name Plym."}], ["Sejarah awal Plymouth meluas ke Zaman Gangsa, apabila penempatan pertama muncul di Gunung Batten. Pemukiman ini diteruskan sebagai pos perdagangan untuk Empayar Rom, sampai ia dilampaui oleh desa Sutton yang lebih makmur, sekarang dipanggil Plymouth. Pada tahun 1620, bapa-bapa Pilgrim meninggalkan Plymouth untuk Dunia Baru dan menubuhkan Plymouth Colony - penempatan Inggeris kedua di Amerika Syarikat sekarang. Semasa Perang Saudara Inggeris bandar itu dipegang oleh Parlimen dan dikepung antara 1642 dan 1646. <> Apa lokasi penempatan paling awal di dekat Plymouth? || Gunung Batten <> Apa nama asal Plymouth? || Sutton <> Dalam tahun apakah bapa-bapa Pilgrim berlayar dari Plymouth? || 1620 <> Bilakah pengepungan Plymouth berakhir semasa Perang Saudara Inggeris? || 1646 <> Apa nama koloni yang ditubuhkan oleh Bapa-bapa Pilgrim di Dunia Baru? || Colony Plymouth", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the location of the earliest settlement near Plymouth?", "id": "56de65324396321400ee287f", "answers": [{"text": "Mount Batten", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Plymouth's original name?", "id": "56de65324396321400ee2880", "answers": [{"text": "Sutton", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Pilgrim Fathers sail from Plymouth?", "id": "56de65324396321400ee2881", "answers": [{"text": "1620", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the siege of Plymouth end during the English Civil War?", "id": "56de65324396321400ee2882", "answers": [{"text": "1646", "answer_start": 532}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the colony founded by the Pilgrim Fathers in the New World?", "id": "56de65324396321400ee2883", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth Colony", "answer_start": 334}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Plymouth's early history extends to the Bronze Age, when a first settlement emerged at Mount Batten. This settlement continued as a trading post for the Roman Empire, until it was surpassed by the more prosperous village of Sutton, now called Plymouth. In 1620, the Pilgrim Fathers departed Plymouth for the New World and established Plymouth Colony \u2013 the second English settlement in what is now the United States of America. During the English Civil War the town was held by the Parliamentarians and was besieged between 1642 and 1646."}], ["Bandar ini adalah rumah kepada penduduk 261,546 (pertengahan 2014), menjadikannya kawasan terbina ke-30 yang paling ramai penduduk di United Kingdom. Ia ditadbir secara tempatan oleh Majlis Bandaraya Plymouth dan diwakili secara nasional oleh tiga Ahli Parlimen. Ekonomi Plymouth masih sangat dipengaruhi oleh pembinaan kapal dan pelayaran termasuk sambungan feri ke Brittany (Roscoff dan St Malo) dan Sepanyol (Santander), tetapi telah cenderung ke arah ekonomi berasaskan perkhidmatan sejak 1990-an. Ia mempunyai asas tentera laut operasi terbesar di Eropah Barat - HMNB Devonport dan merupakan rumah kepada Universiti Plymouth. <> Sehingga tahun 2014, berapa penduduk Plymouth? || 261,546 <> Di manakah kedudukan Plymouth dalam populasi di antara bandar-bandar di UK? || 30 <> Berapa banyak anggota Parlimen mewakili Plymouth? || tiga <> Di mana bandar feri Plymouth ke Sepanyol ditamatkan? || Santander <> Apa institusi pendidikan tinggi berpusat di Plymouth? || Universiti Plymouth", {"qas": [{"question": "As of 2014, what was the population of Plymouth?", "id": "56de66c1cffd8e1900b4b874", "answers": [{"text": "261,546", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does Plymouth rank in population among the cities of the UK?", "id": "56de66c1cffd8e1900b4b875", "answers": [{"text": "30th", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many members of Parliament represent Plymouth?", "id": "56de66c1cffd8e1900b4b876", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city does Plymouth's ferry to Spain terminate?", "id": "56de66c1cffd8e1900b4b877", "answers": [{"text": "Santander", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What institution of higher education is based in Plymouth?", "id": "56de66c1cffd8e1900b4b878", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth University", "answer_start": 525}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city is home to 261,546 (mid-2014 est.) people, making it the 30th most populous built-up area in the United Kingdom. It is governed locally by Plymouth City Council and is represented nationally by three MPs. Plymouth's economy remains strongly influenced by shipbuilding and seafaring including ferry links to Brittany (Roscoff and St Malo) and Spain (Santander), but has tended toward a service-based economy since the 1990s. It has the largest operational naval base in Western Europe \u2013 HMNB Devonport and is home to Plymouth University."}], ["Pada abad ke-16 buatan hasil bulu tempatan adalah komoditi eksport utama. Plymouth adalah pelabuhan utama untuk peniaga-peniaga maritim yang berjaya, di antaranya Sir John Hawkins, yang mengetuai perdagangan pertama England dalam perdagangan hamba Atlantik, serta Sir Francis Drake, Datuk Bandar Plymouth pada tahun 1581 dan 1593. Menurut legenda, Drake berkeras untuk melengkapkan permainannya di Hoe sebelum melancarkan Armada Sepanyol pada tahun 1588. Pada tahun 1620, bapa-bapa Pilgrim berpindah ke New World dari Plymouth, mendirikan Plymouth Colony - koloni Inggeris kedua di Amerika Syarikat sekarang. <> Apa pedagang hamba terkenal yang berpusat di Plymouth? || Sir John Hawkins <> Siapa yang berkhidmat sebagai Datuk Bandar Plymouth pada tahun 1593? || Sir Francis Drake <Tahun apa Drake berperang dengan Armada Sepanyol? || 1588 <> Bilakah bapa-bapa Pilgrim berlepas dari Plymouth? || 1620 <> Apa nama penempatan yang diasaskan oleh Bapa-bapa Pilgrim? || Colony Plymouth", {"qas": [{"question": "What notable slave trader was based out of Plymouth?", "id": "56de6ac44396321400ee28b5", "answers": [{"text": "Sir John Hawkins", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who served as Plymouth's mayor in 1593?", "id": "56de6ac44396321400ee28b6", "answers": [{"text": "Sir Francis Drake", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Drake battle the Spanish Armada?", "id": "56de6ac44396321400ee28b7", "answers": [{"text": "1588", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Pilgrim Fathers depart Plymouth?", "id": "56de6ac44396321400ee28b8", "answers": [{"text": "1620", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the settlement founded by the Pilgrim Fathers?", "id": "56de6ac44396321400ee28b9", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth Colony", "answer_start": 500}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the 16th century locally produced wool was the major export commodity. Plymouth was the home port for successful maritime traders, among them Sir John Hawkins, who led England's first foray into the Atlantic slave trade, as well as Sir Francis Drake, Mayor of Plymouth in 1581 and 1593. According to legend, Drake insisted on completing his game of bowls on the Hoe before engaging the Spanish Armada in 1588. In 1620 the Pilgrim Fathers set sail for the New World from Plymouth, establishing Plymouth Colony \u2013 the second English colony in what is now the United States of America."}], ["Semasa Perang Saudara Inggeris Plymouth berpihak kepada Ahli Parlimen dan dikepung hampir empat tahun oleh Royalis. Serangan utama terakhir oleh Royalis adalah oleh Sir Richard Grenville yang membawa beribu-ribu askar ke arah Plymouth, tetapi mereka dikalahkan oleh Plymothians di Freedom Fields Park. Perang saudara berakhir sebagai kemenangan Parlimen, tetapi monarki dipulihkan oleh Raja Charles II pada tahun 1660, yang memenjarakan banyak pahlawan Parlimen di Pulau Drake. Pembinaan Royal Citadel bermula pada tahun 1665, selepas Pemulihan; ia bersenjata dengan meriam yang menghadap ke laut dan ke bandar, dikhabarkan sebagai peringatan kepada penduduk untuk tidak menentang Mahkota. Menara Gunung Batten juga bermula dari masa ini. <> Alasan mana yang menyokong Plymouth semasa Perang Saudara Inggeris? || Ahli parlimen <> Berapa tahun Plymouth berada di bawah pengepungan semasa Perang Saudara Inggeris? || empat <> Di manakah perang terakhir untuk Plymouth semasa berakhirnya Perang Saudara Inggeris? || Freedom Fields Park <> Pada tahun berapa Charles II naik ke takhta? || 1660 <> Apa locale digunakan untuk menempatkan tahanan Parlimen yang dipenjarakan selepas pemulihan Charles II? || Pulau Drake", {"qas": [{"question": "Which faction did Plymouth support during the English Civil War?", "id": "56de6bdacffd8e1900b4b898", "answers": [{"text": "Parliamentarians", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For how many years was Plymouth under siege during the English Civil War?", "id": "56de6bdacffd8e1900b4b899", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the last battle for Plymouth during the English Civil War end?", "id": "56de6bdacffd8e1900b4b89a", "answers": [{"text": "Freedom Fields Park", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Charles II ascend to the throne?", "id": "56de6bdacffd8e1900b4b89b", "answers": [{"text": "1660", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What locale was used to house imprisoned Parliamentarians after the restoration of Charles II?", "id": "56de6bdacffd8e1900b4b89c", "answers": [{"text": "Drake's Island", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the English Civil War Plymouth sided with the Parliamentarians and was besieged for almost four years by the Royalists. The last major attack by the Royalist was by Sir Richard Grenville leading thousands of soldiers towards Plymouth, but they were defeated by the Plymothians at Freedom Fields Park. The civil war ended as a Parliamentary win, but monarchy was restored by King Charles II in 1660, who imprisoned many of the Parliamentary heroes on Drake's Island. Construction of the Royal Citadel began in 1665, after the Restoration; it was armed with cannon facing both out to sea and into the town, rumoured to be a reminder to residents not to oppose the Crown. Mount Batten tower also dates from around this time."}], ["Sepanjang Revolusi Perindustrian, Plymouth berkembang sebagai pelabuhan perdagangan komersil, mengendalikan import dan penumpang dari Amerika, dan mengeksport mineral tempatan (timah, tembaga, limau, tanah liat china dan arsenik) manakala bandar jiran Devonport menjadi kapal dagang Royal Naval yang strategik dan bandar barangan. Pada tahun 1914 tiga bandar bebas jirannya, iaitu, wilayah daerah Plymouth, daerah wilayah Devonport, dan daerah bandar Stonehouse Timur telah digabungkan untuk membentuk satu County Borough. Bandar gabungan ini mengambil nama Plymouth yang, pada tahun 1928, mencapai status kota. Kepentingan angkatan laut di bandar ini kemudiannya menyebabkan kemusnahan sasaran dan sebahagiannya semasa Perang Dunia II, sebuah perbuatan yang dikenali sebagai Plymouth Blitz. Selepas perang, pusat bandar telah dibina semula sepenuhnya dan perkembangan seterusnya membawa kepada penggabungan Plympton dan Plymstock bersama dengan pinggir bandar lain yang lain pada tahun 1967. || Devonport <> Dalam tahun apakah Plymouth menjadi sebuah bandar? || 1928 <> Apakah istilah yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan serangan di Plymouth semasa Perang Dunia Kedua? || Plymouth Blitz <> Dalam tahun berapa Plymstock diperbadankan? || 1967 <> Bersama dengan Plymouth dan Devonport, lokasi apa yang digabungkan ke dalam sebuah daerah di 1914? || Stonehouse Timur", {"qas": [{"question": "What nearby settlement built ships for the Royal Navy?", "id": "56de664ccffd8e1900b4b862", "answers": [{"text": "Devonport", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Plymouth become a city?", "id": "56de664ccffd8e1900b4b863", "answers": [{"text": "1928", "answer_start": 569}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term used to describe the attacks on Plymouth during the Second World War?", "id": "56de664ccffd8e1900b4b864", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth Blitz", "answer_start": 717}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Plymstock incorporated?", "id": "56de664ccffd8e1900b4b865", "answers": [{"text": "1967", "answer_start": 899}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Plymouth and Devonport, what location was merged into a county borough in 1914?", "id": "56de664ccffd8e1900b4b866", "answers": [{"text": "East Stonehouse", "answer_start": 454}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Throughout the Industrial Revolution, Plymouth grew as a commercial shipping port, handling imports and passengers from the Americas, and exporting local minerals (tin, copper, lime, china clay and arsenic) while the neighbouring town of Devonport became a strategic Royal Naval shipbuilding and dockyard town. In 1914 three neighbouring independent towns, viz., the county borough of Plymouth, the county borough of Devonport, and the urban district of East Stonehouse were merged to form a single County Borough. The combined town took the name of Plymouth which, in 1928, achieved city status. The city's naval importance later led to its targeting and partial destruction during World War II, an act known as the Plymouth Blitz. After the war the city centre was completely rebuilt and subsequent expansion led to the incorporation of Plympton and Plymstock along with other outlying suburbs in 1967."}], ["Semasa Perang Seratus Tahun serangan Perancis (1340) membakar sebuah rumah manor dan mengambil beberapa tahanan, tetapi gagal masuk ke bandar. Pada 1403 bandar itu dibakar oleh Breton raiders. Pada akhir abad kelima belas 'kastil quadrate' dibina berdekatan dengan kawasan yang kini dikenali sebagai The Barbican; ia termasuk empat menara bulat, satu di setiap sudut, seperti yang dipaparkan di kot senjata bandar. Istana ini berkhidmat untuk melindungi Sutton Pool, yang mana armada berpangkalan di Plymouth sebelum penubuhan Plymouth Dockyard. Pada tahun 1512 satu Akta Parlimen telah diluluskan untuk memperkuat Plymouth, dan satu siri kubu dibina, termasuk tembok pertahanan di pintu masuk ke Kolam Sutton (di mana rantaian akan dilanjutkan pada masa bahaya). Pertahanan di St Nicholas Island juga bermula dari masa ini, dan serangkaian enam blok rumah tembaga artileri telah dibina, termasuk satu di Hidung Ikan di sudut tenggara Hoe. Lokasi ini diperkuat lagi dengan membina sebuah kubu (kemudian dikenali sebagai Drake's Fort) pada tahun 1596, yang kemudiannya memberikan tapak untuk Citadel, yang ditubuhkan pada tahun 1660-an (lihat di bawah). <> Dalam tahun berapa selama Perang Seratus Tahun melakukan serangan Perancis Plymouth? || 1340 <> Siapa yang membakar Plymouth pada tahun 1403? || Breton raiders <> Pada tahun berapa benteng itu kemudian dikenali sebagai Drake's Fort dibina? || 1596 <> Sebelum kebun Plymouth dibina, di mana armada terletak? || Sutton Pool <> Pada tahun apakah Parlimen meluluskan undang-undang yang ketara yang membawa kepada pembinaan kubu di Plymouth? || 1512", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year during the Hundred Years' War did the French assault Plymouth?", "id": "56de69b2cffd8e1900b4b88e", "answers": [{"text": "1340", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who set fire to Plymouth in 1403?", "id": "56de69b2cffd8e1900b4b88f", "answers": [{"text": "Breton raiders", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the fortification later known as Drake's Fort constructed?", "id": "56de69b2cffd8e1900b4b890", "answers": [{"text": "1596", "answer_start": 1034}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Before Plymouth dockyard was built, where was the fleet located?", "id": "56de69b2cffd8e1900b4b891", "answers": [{"text": "Sutton Pool", "answer_start": 408}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Parliament pass a notable law that led to the building of fortifications in Plymouth?", "id": "56de69b2cffd8e1900b4b892", "answers": [{"text": "1512", "answer_start": 520}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the Hundred Years' War a French attack (1340) burned a manor house and took some prisoners, but failed to get into the town. In 1403 the town was burned by Breton raiders. In the late fifteenth century a 'castle quadrate' was constructed close to the area now known as The Barbican; it included four round towers, one at each corner, as featured on the city coat of arms. The castle served to protect Sutton Pool, which is where the fleet was based in Plymouth prior to the establishment of Plymouth Dockyard. In 1512 an Act of Parliament was passed for further fortifying Plymouth, and a series of fortifications were then built, including defensive walls at the entrance to Sutton Pool (across which a chain would be extended in time of danger). Defences on St Nicholas Island also date from this time, and a string of six artillery blockhouses were built, including one on Fishers Nose at the south-eastern corner of the Hoe. This location was further strengthened by the building of a fort (later known as Drake's Fort) in 1596, which itself went on to provide the site for the Citadel, established in the 1660s (see below)."}], ["Semasa Perang Dunia Pertama, Plymouth adalah pelabuhan masuk untuk banyak tentera dari sekeliling Empayar dan juga dibangunkan sebagai kemudahan untuk pembuatan senjata. Walaupun unit utama Angkatan Laut Diraja berpindah ke keselamatan Scapa Flow, Devonport merupakan pangkalan penting untuk kapal pengiring dan pembaikan. Kapal terbang yang dikendalikan dari Gunung Batten. <> Apakah pangkalan tentera laut Diraja semasa Perang Dunia I? || Scapa Flow <> Apa jenis kapal yang berpangkalan di Davenport? || kapal pengiring <> Lokasi apa yang disediakan pangkalan untuk kapal terbang? || Gunung Batten", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the primary base of the Royal navy during World War I?", "id": "56de7bfdcffd8e1900b4b96c", "answers": [{"text": "Scapa Flow", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sorts of ships were based in Davenport?", "id": "56de7bfdcffd8e1900b4b96d", "answers": [{"text": "escort vessels", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What location provided a base for flying boats?", "id": "56de7bfdcffd8e1900b4b96e", "answers": [{"text": "Mount Batten", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the First World War, Plymouth was the port of entry for many troops from around the Empire and also developed as a facility for the manufacture of munitions. Although major units of the Royal Navy moved to the safety of Scapa Flow, Devonport was an important base for escort vessels and repairs. Flying boats operated from Mount Batten."}], ["Sebahagian besar import ke Plymouth dari Amerika dan Eropah pada separuh akhir abad ke-19 termasuk jagung, gandum, barli, tebu, guano, natrium nitrat dan fosfat Selain dari limbungan di bandar Devonport, industri di Plymouth seperti sebagai kerja gas, kereta api dan trem dan beberapa kerja kimia kecil telah mula berkembang pada abad ke-19, terus ke abad ke-20. <> Apa produk sampingan haiwan yang diimport ke Plymouth pada abad ke-19? || guano <> Dalam penyelesaian apa yang terdapat di dockyards? || Devonport", {"qas": [{"question": "What animal byproduct was imported to Plymouth in the 19th century?", "id": "56de7b394396321400ee2959", "answers": [{"text": "guano", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what settlement were the dockyards located?", "id": "56de7b394396321400ee295a", "answers": [{"text": "Devonport", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some of the greatest imports to Plymouth from the Americas and Europe during the latter half of the 19th century included maize, wheat, barley, sugar cane, guano, sodium nitrate and phosphate Aside from the dockyard in the town of Devonport, industries in Plymouth such as the gasworks, the railways and tramways and a number of small chemical works had begun to develop in the 19th century, continuing into the 20th century."}], ["Pasca perang, Devonport Dockyard terus sibuk memperbaharui syarikat penerbangan seperti Ark Diraja dan, kapal selam nuklear kemudian, manakala kilang-kilang perindustrian ringan baru dibina di sektor perindustrian yang baru dizonkan yang menarik pertumbuhan pesat penduduk bandar. Tentera telah banyak meninggalkan bandar pada tahun 1971, dengan barak diturunkan pada tahun 1960-an, namun kota ini tetap menjadi rumah kepada 42 Komando Diraja Marin. <> Pengangkut pesawat apa yang menerima penyelenggaraan di Devonport Dockyard? || Ark Royal <> Pada tahun apakah bahagian yang lebih besar dari kehadiran tentera di Plymouth pergi? || 1971 <> Apa unit ketenteraan yang berpusat di Plymouth? || 42 Komando Diraja Marin", {"qas": [{"question": "What aircraft carrier received maintenance at Devonport Dockyard?", "id": "56de80f54396321400ee2983", "answers": [{"text": "Ark Royal", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what year was the greater part of the army presence in Plymouth gone?", "id": "56de80f54396321400ee2984", "answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What military unit is based in Plymouth?", "id": "56de80f54396321400ee2985", "answers": [{"text": "42 Commando of the Royal Marines", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Post-war, Devonport Dockyard was kept busy refitting aircraft carriers such as the Ark Royal and, later, nuclear submarines while new light industrial factories were constructed in the newly zoned industrial sector attracting rapid growth of the urban population. The army had substantially left the city by 1971, with barracks pulled down in the 1960s, however the city remains home to the 42 Commando of the Royal Marines."}], ["Di paroki Stoke Damerel yang terletak berdekatan, barisan pertembungan pertama, HMNB Devonport, dibuka pada tahun 1690 di tebing timur Sungai Tamar. Dermaga tambahan dibina di sini pada tahun 1727, 1762 dan 1793. Penempatan yang dibangunkan di sini dipanggil \"Dock\" atau \"Plymouth Dock\" pada masa itu, dan sebuah bandar baru, terpisah dari Plymouth, dibesarkan. Pada tahun 1712 terdapat 318 orang yang bekerja dan pada 1733 ia telah berkembang kepada penduduk 3,000 orang. <> Dalam tahun apakah HMNB Davenport ditubuhkan? || 1690 <> Sungai apa yang bersebelahan dengan HMNB Davenport? || Sungai Tamar <> Berapa ramai pekerja lelaki yang hadir di Plymouth Dock sekitar 1712? || 318 <> Apakah populasi 1722 Plymouth Dock? || 3,000 <> Dalam paroki apakah HMNB Davenport terletak? || Stoke Damerel", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was HMNB Davenport established?", "id": "56de6ceccffd8e1900b4b8a6", "answers": [{"text": "1690", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What river was adjacent to HMNB Davenport?", "id": "56de6ceccffd8e1900b4b8a7", "answers": [{"text": "River Tamar", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many male workers were present in Plymouth Dock circa 1712?", "id": "56de6ceccffd8e1900b4b8a8", "answers": [{"text": "318", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the 1733 population of Plymouth Dock?", "id": "56de6ceccffd8e1900b4b8a9", "answers": [{"text": "3,000", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what parish was HMNB Davenport located?", "id": "56de6ceccffd8e1900b4b8aa", "answers": [{"text": "Stoke Damerel", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the nearby parish of Stoke Damerel the first dockyard, HMNB Devonport, opened in 1690 on the eastern bank of the River Tamar. Further docks were built here in 1727, 1762 and 1793. The settlement that developed here was called \"Dock\" or \"Plymouth Dock\" at the time, and a new town, separate from Plymouth, grew up. In 1712 there were 318 men employed and by 1733 it had grown to a population of 3,000 people."}], ["Ahli kimia tempatan William Cookworthy menubuhkan usaha Plymouth Porcelain yang agak singkat pada tahun 1768 untuk mengeksploitasi deposit China Clay yang baru ditemui - sebuah industri yang terus menghasilkan sebahagian pendapatan bandar. Sebagai syarikat bersekutu dan tuan rumah jurutera John Smeaton, beliau secara tidak langsung terlibat dengan pembangunan Rumah Api Eddystone. <> Siapa yang mengasaskan Plymouth Porcelain? || William Cookworthy <> Pada tahun apakah Plymouth Porcelain didirikan? || 1768 <> Apakah profesi William Cookworthy? || ahli kimia <> Apakah nama jurutera yang terlibat dalam pembinaan Rumah Api Eddystone? || John Smeaton", {"qas": [{"question": "Who founded Plymouth Porcelain?", "id": "56de7a53cffd8e1900b4b960", "answers": [{"text": "William Cookworthy", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Plymouth Porcelain founded?", "id": "56de7a53cffd8e1900b4b961", "answers": [{"text": "1768", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was William Cookworthy's profession?", "id": "56de7a53cffd8e1900b4b962", "answers": [{"text": "chemist", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the engineer involved in the construction of the Eddystone Lighthouse?", "id": "56de7a53cffd8e1900b4b963", "answers": [{"text": "John Smeaton", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Local chemist William Cookworthy established his somewhat short-lived Plymouth Porcelain venture in 1768 to exploit the recently discovered deposits of local China Clay - an industry which continues to make up a portion of the city income. As an associate and host of engineer John Smeaton he was indirectly involved with the development of the Eddystone Lighthouse."}], ["Rekod pertama kewujudan penempatan di Plymouth adalah di Domesday Book pada tahun 1086 sebagai Sudtone, Saxon untuk ladang selatan, yang terletak pada hari ini Barbican. Dari zaman Saxon, ia berada di seratus Roborough. Pada 1254 ia mendapat status sebagai sebuah bandar dan pada tahun 1439, menjadi bandar pertama di England yang diberikan Piagam oleh Parlimen. Antara 1439 dan 1934, Plymouth mempunyai Datuk Bandar. Pada tahun 1914 daerah-daerah di Plymouth dan Devonport, dan daerah bandar East Stonehouse bergabung untuk membentuk satu daerah kecil di Plymouth. Secara kolektif mereka dirujuk sebagai \"The Three Towns\". <> Dalam teks apakah kehadiran penempatan di kawasan Plymouth yang pertama kali dicatatkan? || Buku Domesday <> Dalam tahun apakah Buku Domesday disusun? || 1086 <> Apa nama penyelesaian kawasan Plymouth yang dicatatkan dalam Buku Domesday? || Sudtone <> Dalam tahun apakah Plymouth diiktiraf sebagai sebuah bandar? || 1254 <> Dalam tahun apakah Parlimen memberikan Piagam di Plymouth? || 1439", {"qas": [{"question": "In what text was the presence of a settlement in the Plymouth area first recorded?", "id": "56de81824396321400ee2991", "answers": [{"text": "Domesday Book", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the Domesday Book compiled?", "id": "56de81824396321400ee2992", "answers": [{"text": "1086", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the Plymouth-area settlement recorded in the Domesday Book?", "id": "56de81824396321400ee2993", "answers": [{"text": "Sudtone", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Plymouth recognized as a town?", "id": "56de81824396321400ee2994", "answers": [{"text": "1254", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Parliament bestow a Charter on Plymouth?", "id": "56de81824396321400ee2995", "answers": [{"text": "1439", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first record of the existence of a settlement at Plymouth was in the Domesday Book in 1086 as Sudtone, Saxon for south farm, located at the present day Barbican. From Saxon times, it was in the hundred of Roborough. In 1254 it gained status as a town and in 1439, became the first town in England to be granted a Charter by Parliament. Between 1439 and 1934, Plymouth had a Mayor. In 1914 the county boroughs of Plymouth and Devonport, and the urban district of East Stonehouse merged to form a single county borough of Plymouth. Collectively they were referred to as \"The Three Towns\"."}], ["Breakwater 1-batu-panjang (2 km) di Plymouth Bunyi direka oleh John Rennie untuk melindungi armada bergerak masuk dan keluar dari Devonport; Kerja bermula pada tahun 1812. Banyak masalah teknikal dan kerosakan ribut berulang bermakna bahawa ia tidak selesai sehingga 1841, dua puluh tahun selepas kematian Rennie. Pada tahun 1860-an, cincin benteng Palmerston dibina di pinggir pinggir Devonport, untuk melindungi limbungan dari serangan dari mana-mana arah. <> Dalam kilometer, berapa lama Plymouth Sound Breakwater? || 2 <> Siapa pereka Plymouth Sound Breakwater? || John Rennie <> Pada tahun berapakah siap pembinaan di Plymouth Sound Breakwater? || 1841 <> Bilakah pembinaan bermula di Plymouth Sound Breakwater? || 1812 <> Berhampiran dengan penempatan di mana kubu-kubu Palmerston dibina pada tahun 1860-an? || Devonport", {"qas": [{"question": "In kilometers, how long was the Plymouth Sound Breakwater?", "id": "56de7ab54396321400ee294f", "answers": [{"text": "2", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the designer of the Plymouth Sound Breakwater?", "id": "56de7ab54396321400ee2950", "answers": [{"text": "John Rennie", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did construction finish on the Plymouth Sound Breakwater?", "id": "56de7ab54396321400ee2951", "answers": [{"text": "1841", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did construction commence on Plymouth Sound Breakwater?", "id": "56de7ab54396321400ee2952", "answers": [{"text": "1812", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Near which settlement were Palmerston forts built in the 1860s?", "id": "56de7ab54396321400ee2953", "answers": [{"text": "Devonport", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The 1-mile-long (2 km) Breakwater in Plymouth Sound was designed by John Rennie in order to protect the fleet moving in and out of Devonport; work started in 1812. Numerous technical difficulties and repeated storm damage meant that it was not completed until 1841, twenty years after Rennie's death. In the 1860s, a ring of Palmerston forts was constructed around the outskirts of Devonport, to protect the dockyard from attack from any direction."}], ["Pembangunan semula bandar ini telah dirancang oleh Sir Patrick Abercrombie dalam Rancangan 1943 nya untuk Plymouth sementara serentak bekerja pada rancangan pembinaan semula untuk London. Antara tahun 1951 dan 1957 lebih daripada 1000 rumah disiapkan setiap tahun kebanyakannya menggunakan sistem prefabrikasi inovatif hanya tiga jenis utama; menjelang tahun 1964, lebih 20,000 rumah baru telah dibina mengubah bandar-bandar pra-perang yang terlalu padat dan kurang bersih ke ketumpatan yang rendah, suburbia yang tersebar. Kebanyakan kedai pusat bandar telah dimusnahkan dan mereka yang masih kekal dibersihkan untuk membolehkan pembinaan semula yang dibina mengikut rancangannya. Pada tahun 1962, kebangkitan moden moden Pusat Sivik telah dibina, satu contoh seni bina yang sangat penting pada pertengahan abad ke-20 yang dibungkus oleh pemiliknya Majlis Bandaraya Plymouth tetapi baru-baru ini gred II yang disenaraikan oleh Warisan Inggeris untuk mencegah perobohannya. <> Siapa pengarang Rancangan 1943 untuk Plymouth? || Sir Patrick Abercrombie <> Dalam tempoh 1951-1957, berapa banyak rumah baru dibina setiap tahun di Plymouth? || Lebih dari 1000 <> Dalam tempoh pasca perang hingga 1964, berapa banyak rumah yang dibina di Plymouth? || Lebih 20,000 <> Bilakah Pusat Civik dibina? || 1962 <> Apa status Warisan Bahasa Inggeris yang dimiliki oleh Pusat Sivik? || gred II", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the author of the 1943 Plan for Plymouth?", "id": "56de7cefcffd8e1900b4b984", "answers": [{"text": "Sir Patrick Abercrombie", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the period 1951-1957, how many new houses were constructed yearly in Plymouth?", "id": "56de7cefcffd8e1900b4b985", "answers": [{"text": "over 1000", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the postwar period to 1964, how many houses were built in Plymouth?", "id": "56de7cefcffd8e1900b4b986", "answers": [{"text": "over 20,000", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Civic Centre built?", "id": "56de7cefcffd8e1900b4b987", "answers": [{"text": "1962", "answer_start": 610}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What English Heritage status does the Civic Centre possess?", "id": "56de7cefcffd8e1900b4b988", "answers": [{"text": "grade II", "answer_start": 850}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The redevelopment of the city was planned by Sir Patrick Abercrombie in his 1943 Plan for Plymouth whilst simultaneously working on the reconstruction plan for London. Between 1951 and 1957 over 1000 homes were completed every year mostly using innovative prefabricated systems of just three main types; by 1964 over 20,000 new homes had been built transforming the dense overcrowded and unsanitary slums of the pre-war city into a low density, dispersed suburbia. Most of the city centre shops had been destroyed and those that remained were cleared to enable a zoned reconstruction according to his plan. In 1962 the modernist high rise of the Civic Centre was constructed, an architecturally significant example of mid twentieth century civic slab-and-tower set piece allowed to fall into disrepair by its owner Plymouth City Council but recently grade II listed by English Heritage to prevent its demolition."}], ["Sebelum separuh kedua abad ke-18, bijirin, kayu dan kemudian arang batu adalah import utama Plymouth. Pada masa ini sumber sebenar kekayaan adalah dari bandar jiran Plymouth Dock (ditukar nama pada tahun 1824 ke Devonport) dan majikan utama di seluruh rantau itu adalah limbungan. Konvensyen Tiga Bandar Plymouth, Stonehouse dan Devonport menikmati beberapa kemakmuran pada akhir abad ke-18 dan awal abad ke-19 dan diperkayakan oleh beberapa perkembangan bandar neo-klasik yang direka oleh arkitek London John Foulston. Foulston adalah penting untuk kedua-dua Devonport dan Plymouth dan bertanggungjawab untuk beberapa gedung awam yang besar, banyak yang kini dimusnahkan, termasuk Athenaeum, Teater Diraja dan Royal Hotel, dan banyak Union Street. <> Bersama dengan arang batu dan bijian, apakah impor yang paling penting di Plymouth abad ke-18? || kayu <> Apa nama baru yang diberikan kepada Plymouth Dock pada tahun 1824? || Devonport <> Bersama dengan Plymouth dan Devonport, penyelesaian apa yang merangkumi Tiga Bandar? || Stonehouse <> Apa arsitek yang terkenal dengan reka bentuk neoklasiknya di Plymouth? || John Foulston <> Di jalan mana yang banyak bangunan yang dirancang oleh John Foulston tinggal? || Union Street", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with coal and grain, what was the most important import in 18th century Plymouth?", "id": "56de6dafcffd8e1900b4b8b0", "answers": [{"text": "timber", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the new name given to Plymouth Dock in 1824?", "id": "56de6dafcffd8e1900b4b8b1", "answers": [{"text": "Devonport", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Plymouth and Devonport, what settlement comprised the Three Towns?", "id": "56de6dafcffd8e1900b4b8b2", "answers": [{"text": "Stonehouse", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What architect was noted for his neoclassical designs in Plymouth?", "id": "56de6dafcffd8e1900b4b8b3", "answers": [{"text": "John Foulston", "answer_start": 515}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what street did many of the buildings designed by John Foulston reside?", "id": "56de6dafcffd8e1900b4b8b4", "answers": [{"text": "Union Street", "answer_start": 733}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Before the latter half of the 18th century, grain, timber and then coal were Plymouth's main imports. During this time the real source of wealth was from the neighbouring town of Plymouth Dock (renamed in 1824 to Devonport) and the major employer in the entire region was the dockyard. The Three Towns conurbation of Plymouth, Stonehouse and Devonport enjoyed some prosperity during the late 18th and early 19th century and were enriched by a series of neo-classical urban developments designed by London architect John Foulston. Foulston was important for both Devonport and Plymouth and was responsible for several grand public buildings, many now destroyed, including the Athenaeum, the Theatre Royal and Royal Hotel, and much of Union Street."}], ["Dalam Perang Dunia Pertama, Devonport menjadi markas Barat Pendekatan Komando hingga 1941 dan kapal terbang Sunderland dikendalikan oleh Tentera Udara Diraja Australia. Ia merupakan titik penting bagi tentera AS untuk D-Day. Bandar ini dibom oleh Luftwaffe, dalam satu siri 59 serbuan yang dikenali sebagai Plymouth Blitz. Walaupun dockyards adalah sasaran utama, kebanyakan pusat bandar dan lebih 3,700 rumah telah dimusnahkan sepenuhnya dan lebih daripada 1,000 orang awam kehilangan nyawa mereka. Ini sebahagian besarnya disebabkan status Plymouth sebagai pelabuhan utama Charles Church telah dilanda bom pembakaran dan sebahagiannya dimusnahkan pada tahun 1941 semasa Blitz, tetapi belum dibongkar, kerana ia kini menjadi monumen tetap rasmi untuk pengeboman Plymouth semasa Perang Dunia II . <> Kekuatan apa yang menggunakan kapal terbang Sunderland keluar dari Devonport? || Tentera Udara Diraja Australia <> Apa organisasi ketenteraan yang berpusat di Devonport sehingga tahun 1941? || Pendekatan Pendekatan Barat <> Berapa banyak serangan yang merangkumi Plymouth Blitz? || 59 <> Berapa banyak kematian orang awam akibat Plymouth Blitz? || lebih daripada 1,000 <> Berapa banyak rumah yang dimusnahkan sepenuhnya di Plymouth Blitz? || lebih daripada 3,700", {"qas": [{"question": "What force used Sunderland flying boats out of Devonport?", "id": "56de7c7a4396321400ee295d", "answers": [{"text": "Royal Australian Air Force", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What military organization was based in Devonport until 1941?", "id": "56de7c7a4396321400ee295e", "answers": [{"text": "Western Approaches Command", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many attacks comprised the Plymouth Blitz?", "id": "56de7c7a4396321400ee295f", "answers": [{"text": "59", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many civilian deaths occurred as a result of the Plymouth Blitz?", "id": "56de7c7a4396321400ee2960", "answers": [{"text": "more than 1,000", "answer_start": 462}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many homes were totally destroyed in the Plymouth Blitz?", "id": "56de7c7a4396321400ee2961", "answers": [{"text": "over 3,700", "answer_start": 414}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the First World War, Devonport was the headquarters of Western Approaches Command until 1941 and Sunderland flying boats were operated by the Royal Australian Air Force. It was an important embarkation point for US troops for D-Day. The city was heavily bombed by the Luftwaffe, in a series of 59 raids known as the Plymouth Blitz. Although the dockyards were the principal targets, much of the city centre and over 3,700 houses were completely destroyed and more than 1,000 civilians lost their lives. This was largely due to Plymouth's status as a major port Charles Church was hit by incendiary bombs and partially destroyed in 1941 during the Blitz, but has not been demolished, as it is now an official permanent monument to the bombing of Plymouth during World War II."}], ["Pada tahun 1945, kelahiran Plymouth, Michael Foot dipilih sebagai Ahli Parlimen Buruh untuk kawasan pemusnahan perang Plymouth Devonport dan selepas berkhidmat sebagai Setiausaha Negara untuk Pendidikan dan bertanggungjawab terhadap Akta Kesihatan dan Keselamatan 1974 di Kerja, terus menjadi salah satu yang paling banyak pemimpin terkemuka Parti Buruh. <> Kawasan apa yang mewakili MP Michael Foot? || Plymouth Devonport <> Kedudukan apa yang Michael Foot diperhatikan untuk menduduki kerajaan? || Setiausaha Negara untuk Pendidikan <> Apa undang-undang penting yang dilakukan oleh Michael Foot? || 1974 Kesihatan dan Keselamatan di Akta Kerja <> Parti apa yang dilakukan Michael Foot menjadi pemimpin? || Buruh <> Di bandar apa yang dilahirkan Michael Foot? || Plymouth", {"qas": [{"question": "What constituency did MP Michael Foot represent?", "id": "56df5a5596943c1400a5d3fb", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth Devonport", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What position was Michael Foot noted to occupy in government?", "id": "56df5a5596943c1400a5d3fc", "answers": [{"text": "Secretary of State for Education", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What notable piece of legislation did Michael Foot contribute to?", "id": "56df5a5596943c1400a5d3fd", "answers": [{"text": "1974 Health and Safety at Work Act", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What party did Michael Foot become a leader of?", "id": "56df5a5596943c1400a5d3fe", "answers": [{"text": "Labour", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what town was Michael Foot born?", "id": "56df5a5596943c1400a5d3ff", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1945, Plymouth-born Michael Foot was elected Labour MP for the war-torn constituency of Plymouth Devonport and after serving as Secretary of State for Education and responsible for the 1974 Health and Safety at Work Act, went on to become one of the most distinguished leaders of the Labour party."}], ["Plymouth terletak di antara Sungai Plym ke timur dan Sungai Tamar ke barat; kedua-dua sungai mengalir ke pelabuhan semulajadi Bunyi Plymouth. Sejak tahun 1967, pihak berkuasa kesatuan Plymouth telah memasukkan, sekali merdeka, bandar Plympton dan Plymstock yang terletak di sebelah timur Sungai Plym. Sungai Tamar membentuk sempadan daerah antara Devon dan Cornwall dan muara yang membentuk Hamoaze di mana terletak Devonport Dockyard. <> Apa sungai di sebelah barat Plymouth? || Sungai Tamar <> Di sebelah timur Plymouth terletak mana sungai itu? || Sungai Plym <> Sungai Tamar adalah sempadan antara Devon dan apa daerah lain? || Cornwall <> Dalam apa badan air sungai Plym dan Tamar bertemu? || Plymouth Sound <> Bilakah Plymstock menyertai pihak berkuasa kesatuan Plymouth? || 1967", {"qas": [{"question": "What river is to the west of Plymouth?", "id": "56df5f6196943c1400a5d457", "answers": [{"text": "River Tamar", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To the east of Plymouth lies which river?", "id": "56df5f6196943c1400a5d458", "answers": [{"text": "River Plym", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The River Tamar is the boundary between Devon and what other county?", "id": "56df5f6196943c1400a5d459", "answers": [{"text": "Cornwall", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what body of water do the rivers Plym and Tamar meet?", "id": "56df5f6196943c1400a5d45a", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth Sound", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Plymstock join the unitary authority of Plymouth?", "id": "56df5f6196943c1400a5d45b", "answers": [{"text": "1967", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Plymouth lies between the River Plym to the east and the River Tamar to the west; both rivers flow into the natural harbour of Plymouth Sound. Since 1967, the unitary authority of Plymouth has included the, once independent, towns of Plympton and Plymstock which lie along the east of the River Plym. The River Tamar forms the county boundary between Devon and Cornwall and its estuary forms the Hamoaze on which is sited Devonport Dockyard."}], ["Plymouth telah diberikan martabat Lord Mayor oleh Raja George V pada tahun 1935. Kedudukan ini dipilih setiap tahun oleh sekumpulan enam ahli majlis. Adalah tradisional bahawa kedudukan Lord Mayor bergantian antara Partai Konservatif dan Parti Buruh setiap tahun dan bahawa Tuhan Mayor memilih Wakil Tuan Yang Terutama. Ahli konservatif Dr John Mahony adalah penyandang untuk 2015-16. <> Raja apa yang dianugerahkan Lord Mayor pertama di Plymouth? || King George V <> Berapa banyak ahli majlis memilih Lord Mayor? || enam <> Pemegang pejabat apa yang memilih Timbalan Tuan Yang Terutama? || Tuhan Mayor <> Siapakah Lord Mayor Plymouth saat ini? || Dr John Mahony", {"qas": [{"question": "What monarch bestowed the first Lord Mayor on Plymouth?", "id": "56df5e0896943c1400a5d444", "answers": [{"text": "King George V", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many councillors choose the Lord Mayor?", "id": "56df5e0896943c1400a5d445", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What officeholder selects the Deputy Lord Mayor?", "id": "56df5e0896943c1400a5d446", "answers": [{"text": "the Lord Mayor", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the current Lord Mayor of Plymouth?", "id": "56df5e0896943c1400a5d447", "answers": [{"text": "Dr John Mahony", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Plymouth was granted the dignity of Lord Mayor by King George V in 1935. The position is elected each year by a group of six councillors. It is traditional that the position of the Lord Mayor alternates between the Conservative Party and the Labour Party annually and that the Lord Mayor chooses the Deputy Lord Mayor. Conservative councillor Dr John Mahony is the incumbent for 2015\u201316."}], ["Pada tahun 1919 Nancy Astor telah dipilih sebagai anggota parlimen pertama wanita untuk mengambil jawatan di Dewan Parlimen Inggeris untuk kawasan Dewan Undangan Negeri Plymouth Sutton. Mengambil alih jawatan daripada suaminya, Waldorf Astor, Lady Astor adalah seorang pelari aktif aktif untuk penduduknya. Plymouth telah diberikan status bandar pada 18 Oktober 1928. Lord Mayor pertama di bandar ini dilantik pada 1935 dan sempadannya terus berkembang pada tahun 1967 untuk memasukkan kota Plympton dan paroki Plymstock. <> Siapa wanita MP pertama yang mengambil tempat duduknya di Parlimen British? || Nancy Astor <> Untuk apa kawasan pilihan raya Nancy Astor? || Plymouth Sutton <> Pada apa tarikh Plymouth menjadi bandar? || 18 Oktober 1928 <> Dalam tahun apakah Plymouth menerima Lord Mayor yang pertama? || 1935 <> Apakah parish yang dimasukkan ke dalam Plymouth pada tahun 1967? || Plymstock", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the first woman MP to take her seat in the British Parliament?", "id": "56df5a2b96943c1400a5d3f1", "answers": [{"text": "Nancy Astor", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what constituency was Nancy Astor elected?", "id": "56df5a2b96943c1400a5d3f2", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth Sutton", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did Plymouth become a city?", "id": "56df5a2b96943c1400a5d3f3", "answers": [{"text": "18 October 1928", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Plymouth receive its first Lord Mayor?", "id": "56df5a2b96943c1400a5d3f4", "answers": [{"text": "1935", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What parish was incorporated into Plymouth in 1967?", "id": "56df5a2b96943c1400a5d3f5", "answers": [{"text": "Plymstock", "answer_start": 492}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1919 Nancy Astor was elected the first ever female member of parliament to take office in the British Houses of Parliament for the constituency of Plymouth Sutton. Taking over office from her husband Waldorf Astor, Lady Astor was a vibrantly active campaigner for her resident constituents . Plymouth was granted city status on 18 October 1928. The city's first Lord Mayor was appointed in 1935 and its boundaries further expanded in 1967 to include the town of Plympton and the parish of Plymstock."}], ["Di Parlimen United Kingdom, Plymouth diwakili oleh tiga kawasan pemilihan Plymouth Moor View, Plymouth Sutton dan Devonport dan South West Devon dan dalam Parlimen Eropah sebagai South West England. Pada pilihan raya umum tahun 2015, ketiga-tiga kawasan itu kembali ke Parlimen Konservatif, iaitu Oliver Colvile (untuk Devon South West), Gary Streeter (untuk Sutton dan Devonport) dan Johnny Mercer untuk Moor View. <> Apa perlembagaan Parlimen Eropah adalah sebahagian daripada Plymouth? || South West England <> Siapa yang dipilih untuk perlembagaan Sutton dan Devonport pada tahun 2015? || Gary Streeter <> Pada tahun 2015, apakah parti politik apa yang dimiliki oleh Ahli Parlimen Plymouth? || Konservatif <> Apakah perlembagaan parlimen diwakili oleh Johnny Mercer? || Moor View", {"qas": [{"question": "What European Parliamentary constitutency is Plymouth a part of?", "id": "56df5a5d96943c1400a5d406", "answers": [{"text": "South West England", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was elected for the Sutton and Devonport constitutency in 2015?", "id": "56df5a5d96943c1400a5d407", "answers": [{"text": "Gary Streeter", "answer_start": 354}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of 2015, what political party did all of Plymouth's MPs belong to?", "id": "56df5a5d96943c1400a5d408", "answers": [{"text": "Conservative", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What parliamentary constitutency was represented by Johnny Mercer?", "id": "56df5a5d96943c1400a5d409", "answers": [{"text": "Moor View", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the Parliament of the United Kingdom, Plymouth is represented by the three constituencies of Plymouth Moor View, Plymouth Sutton and Devonport and South West Devon and within the European Parliament as South West England. In the 2015 general election all three constituencies returned Conservative MPs, who were Oliver Colvile (for Devon South West), Gary Streeter (for Sutton and Devonport) and Johnny Mercer for Moor View."}], ["Secara geologi, Plymouth mempunyai campuran batu kapur, Devonian slate, granit dan batu kapur Devonian Tengah. Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs adalah Situs Kepentingan Saintifik Khas, kerana geologinya. Sebahagian besar kota dibina di atas slaid Upper Devonian dan shales dan dataran tinggi di pintu masuk ke Plymouth Bunyi dibentuk daripada slaid Lower Devonian, yang dapat menahan kekuatan laut. <> Apa perisytiharan istimewa yang ada di Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs? || Tapak Kepentingan Ilmiah Khas <> Apakah batu-batu yang membentuk dataran tinggi berhampiran Plymouth Sound? || Slate Devonian yang lebih rendah <> Bersama dengan Devonian slate, Middle Devonian batu kapur dan batu kapur, apa batu menyediakan asas geologi Plymouth? || granit <> Bersama dengan shales, apa yang kebanyakan bandar dibina? || Slot Devonian atas <> Atas sebab mengapa Plymouth Bunyi sebuah Situs Kepentingan Saintifik Khas? || geologinya", {"qas": [{"question": "What special designation does Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs possess?", "id": "56df60978bc80c19004e4b55", "answers": [{"text": "Site of Special Scientific Interest", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What stones form the headlands near Plymouth Sound?", "id": "56df60978bc80c19004e4b56", "answers": [{"text": "Lower Devonian slates", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Devonian slate, Middle Devonian limestone and limestone, what stone provides the geologic base of Plymouth?", "id": "56df60978bc80c19004e4b57", "answers": [{"text": "granite", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with shales, what is most of the city built on?", "id": "56df60978bc80c19004e4b58", "answers": [{"text": "Upper Devonian slates", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what reason is Plymouth Sound a Site of Special Scientific Interest?", "id": "56df60978bc80c19004e4b59", "answers": [{"text": "its geology", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Geologically, Plymouth has a mixture of limestone, Devonian slate, granite and Middle Devonian limestone. Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, because of its geology. The bulk of the city is built upon Upper Devonian slates and shales and the headlands at the entrance to Plymouth Sound are formed of Lower Devonian slates, which can withstand the power of the sea."}], ["Sungai Plym, yang mengalir Dartmoor ke utara-timur, membentuk muara yang lebih kecil di sebelah timur kota yang dipanggil Cattewater. Bunyi Plymouth dilindungi dari laut oleh Plymouth Breakwater, digunakan sejak tahun 1814. Di Bunyi adalah Pulau Drake yang dilihat dari Plymouth Hoe, kawasan awam yang rata di atas tebing kapur. Pihak Berkuasa Unites of Plymouth adalah 79.84 kilometer persegi (30.83 meter persegi). Topografi naik dari paras laut ke ketinggian, di Roborough, kira-kira 509 kaki (155 m) di atas Ordnance Datum (AOD). <> Apa muara timur Plymouth adalah sebahagian daripada Sungai Plym? || Cattewater <> Bilakah Plymouth Breakwater dibuka? || 1814 <> Apa pulau yang terdapat di Plymouth Sound? || Pulau Drake <> Seberapa besar Pihak Berkuasa Bersatu di Plymouth dalam batu persegi? || 30.83 <> Dalam meter, apakah titik tertinggi di Plymouth Unitary Authority? || 155", {"qas": [{"question": "What estuary east of Plymouth is part of the River Plym?", "id": "56df5fcc96943c1400a5d46b", "answers": [{"text": "Cattewater", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Plymouth Breakwater open?", "id": "56df5fcc96943c1400a5d46c", "answers": [{"text": "1814", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What island is present in Plymouth Sound?", "id": "56df5fcc96943c1400a5d46d", "answers": [{"text": "Drake's Island", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How large is the Unitary Authority of Plymouth in square miles?", "id": "56df5fcc96943c1400a5d46e", "answers": [{"text": "30.83", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In meters, what is the highest point in the Plymouth Unitary Authority?", "id": "56df5fcc96943c1400a5d46f", "answers": [{"text": "155", "answer_start": 484}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The River Plym, which flows off Dartmoor to the north-east, forms a smaller estuary to the east of the city called Cattewater. Plymouth Sound is protected from the sea by the Plymouth Breakwater, in use since 1814. In the Sound is Drake's Island which is seen from Plymouth Hoe, a flat public area on top of limestone cliffs. The Unitary Authority of Plymouth is 79.84 square kilometres (30.83 sq mi). The topography rises from sea level to a height, at Roborough, of about 509 feet (155 m) above Ordnance Datum (AOD)."}], ["Kertas Putih Kerajaan Tempatan 1971 mencadangkan pembatalan daerah di daerah yang akan meninggalkan Plymouth, sebuah bandar yang berjumlah 250,000 orang, ditadbir dari majlis yang terletak di Exeter yang lebih kecil, di seberang daerah itu. Ini membawa kepada lobi Llymouth untuk penciptaan sebuah daerah Tamarside, termasuk Plymouth, Torpoint, Saltash, dan pedalaman pedalaman. Kempen ini tidak berjaya, dan Plymouth tidak lagi menjadi wilayah daerah pada 1 April 1974 dengan tanggungjawab pendidikan, perkhidmatan sosial, lebuh raya dan perpustakaan dipindahkan ke Majlis Daerah Devon. Semua kuasa kembali apabila bandar menjadi kuasa kesatuan pada 1 April 1998 di bawah cadangan Suruhanjaya Banham. <> Apakah penduduk Plymouth pada tahun 1971? || 250,000 <> Dokumen apa yang mencadangkan supaya wilayah diasingkan? || 1971 Kerajaan Tempatan Kertas Putih <> Apa daerah Plymouth tidak berjaya cuba melihat dibuat? || Tamarside <> Pada tarikh apakah status daerah Plymouth berakhir? || 1 April 1974 <> Badan apa yang dicadangkan bahawa Plymouth menjadi majlis kesatuan? || Suruhanjaya Banham", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the population of Plymouth in 1971?", "id": "56df5a598bc80c19004e4af3", "answers": [{"text": "250,000", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What document suggested that county boroughs be eliminated?", "id": "56df5a598bc80c19004e4af4", "answers": [{"text": "1971 Local Government White Paper", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What county did Plymouth unsuccessfully attempt to see created?", "id": "56df5a598bc80c19004e4af5", "answers": [{"text": "Tamarside", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did Plymouth's county status end?", "id": "56df5a598bc80c19004e4af6", "answers": [{"text": "1 April 1974", "answer_start": 444}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body proposed that Plymouth become a unitary council?", "id": "56df5a598bc80c19004e4af7", "answers": [{"text": "the Banham Commission", "answer_start": 671}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The 1971 Local Government White Paper proposed abolishing county boroughs, which would have left Plymouth, a town of 250,000 people, being administered from a council based at the smaller Exeter, on the other side of the county. This led to Plymouth lobbying for the creation of a Tamarside county, to include Plymouth, Torpoint, Saltash, and the rural hinterland. The campaign was not successful, and Plymouth ceased to be a county borough on 1 April 1974 with responsibility for education, social services, highways and libraries transferred to Devon County Council. All powers returned when the city become a unitary authority on 1 April 1998 under recommendations of the Banham Commission."}], ["Bandar Plymouth dibahagikan kepada 20 wad, 17 daripadanya memilih tiga ahli majlis dan tiga yang lain memilih dua ahli majlis, membentuk satu majlis sebanyak 57. Setiap tahun satu pertiga daripada majlis itu akan dipilih untuk tiga tahun berturut-turut - terdapat tiada pilihan raya pada tahun \"keempat\" berikut, iaitu ketika pemilihan Majlis Daerah berlaku. Jumlah pengundi untuk Plymouth adalah 188,924 pada April 2015. Pilihan raya setempat pada 7 Mei 2015 menghasilkan komposisi politik 28 ahli majlis Buruh, 26 Konservatif dan 3 UKIP yang menghasilkan pentadbiran Buruh. Majlis Bandaraya Plymouth secara rasmi berkembar dengan: Brest, Perancis (1963), Gdynia, Poland (1976), Novorossiysk, Rusia (1990) San Sebasti\u00e1n, Sepanyol (1990) dan Plymouth, Amerika Syarikat (2001). <> Berapa banyak wad di Plymouth memilih dua ahli majlis? || tiga <> Berapa banyak ahli yang berada di majlis Plymouth? || 57 <> Seberapa pecahan majlis Plymouth dipilih setiap tahun? || satu pertiga <> Dengan apa kota Perancis adalah Plymouth berkembar? || Brest <> Pada tahun apakah kembar Plymouth dengan Plymouth di Amerika Syarikat? || 2001", {"qas": [{"question": "How many wards in Plymouth elect two councillors?", "id": "56df5a628bc80c19004e4afd", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many members are on the Plymouth council?", "id": "56df5a628bc80c19004e4afe", "answers": [{"text": "57", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What fraction of the Plymouth council is elected each year?", "id": "56df5a628bc80c19004e4aff", "answers": [{"text": "a third", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With what French city is Plymouth twinned?", "id": "56df5a628bc80c19004e4b00", "answers": [{"text": "Brest", "answer_start": 619}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Plymouth twin with Plymouth in the United States?", "id": "56df5a628bc80c19004e4b01", "answers": [{"text": "2001", "answer_start": 749}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The City of Plymouth is divided into 20 wards, 17 of which elect three councillors and the other three electing two councillors, making up a total council of 57. Each year a third of the council is up for election for three consecutive years \u2013 there are no elections on the following \"fourth\" year, which is when County Council elections take place. The total electorate for Plymouth was 188,924 in April 2015. The local election of 7 May 2015 resulted in a political composition of 28 Labour councillors, 26 Conservative and 3 UKIP resulting in a Labour administration. Plymouth City Council is formally twinned with: Brest, France (1963), Gdynia, Poland (1976), Novorossiysk, Russia (1990) San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain (1990) and Plymouth, United States (2001)."}], ["Kediaman rasmi Lord Mayor adalah 3 Elliot Terrace, terletak di Hoe. Sekali di rumah Waldorf dan Nancy Astor, ia diberikan oleh Lady Astor ke City of Plymouth sebagai tempat kediaman rasmi untuk Lord Mayors masa depan dan juga digunakan hari ini untuk perhotelan sivik, sebagai penginapan untuk melawat para penghormatan dan hakim Mahkamah Tinggi dan juga tersedia untuk menyewa untuk acara peribadi. Bangunan pejabat perbandaran Pusat Sivik di Armada Way menjadi bangunan tersenarai pada bulan Jun 2007 kerana ciri-ciri kualiti dan tempohnya, tetapi telah menjadi pusat kontroversi apabila majlis merancang untuk merobohkannya yang menelan kos \u00a3 40 juta untuk membaikinya, mengakibatkan kerugian pekerjaan yang mungkin berlaku. <> Di alamat jalan apakah kediaman Lord Mayor terletak? || 3 Elliot Terrace <> Siapa yang memberikan kediaman rasmi Lord Mayor ke Plymouth? || Lady Astor <> Di mana jalan terletak bangunan pejabat Pusat Sivik? || Armada Way <> Dalam bulan dan tahun apakah bangunan pejabat perbandaran Civic Center menjadi bangunan tersenarai? || Jun 2007 <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh Plymouth Council untuk menilai bangunan pejabat perbandaran Pusat Civic? || \u00a3 40m", {"qas": [{"question": "At what street address is the Lord Mayor's residence located?", "id": "56df5e858bc80c19004e4b3d", "answers": [{"text": "3 Elliot Terrace", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who gave the Lord Mayor's official residence to Plymouth?", "id": "56df5e858bc80c19004e4b3e", "answers": [{"text": "Lady Astor", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what street is the Civic Centre office building located?", "id": "56df5e858bc80c19004e4b3f", "answers": [{"text": "Armada Way", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month and year did the Civic Centre municipal office building become a listed building?", "id": "56df5e858bc80c19004e4b40", "answers": [{"text": "June 2007", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Plymouth council estimate the cost to refurbish the Civic Centre municipal office building to be?", "id": "56df5e858bc80c19004e4b41", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a340m", "answer_start": 628}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Lord Mayor's official residence is 3 Elliot Terrace, located on the Hoe. Once a home of Waldorf and Nancy Astor, it was given by Lady Astor to the City of Plymouth as an official residence for future Lord Mayors and is also used today for civic hospitality, as lodgings for visiting dignitaries and High Court judges and it is also available to hire for private events. The Civic Centre municipal office building in Armada Way became a listed building in June 2007 because of its quality and period features, but has become the centre of a controversy as the council planned for its demolition estimating that it could cost \u00a340m to refurbish it, resulting in possible job losses."}], ["South West England mempunyai lokasi yang disukai apabila Azores High pressure area meluas ke arah timur laut ke arah UK, terutamanya pada musim panas. Kawasan pantai mempunyai jumlah cahaya matahari purata tahunan lebih daripada 1,600 jam. <> Berapa banyak jam cahaya matahari yang rantau South West England mendapat setiap tahun? || lebih daripada 1,600 <> Apa rantau England yang mendapat faedah dari lanjutan kawasan tekanan tinggi Azores? || South West England", {"qas": [{"question": "How many hours of sunshine does the South West England region get each year?", "id": "56df638996943c1400a5d4b3", "answers": [{"text": "over 1,600", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What region of England benefits from the extension of the Azores High pressure area?", "id": "56df638996943c1400a5d4b4", "answers": [{"text": "South West England", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "South West England has a favoured location when the Azores High pressure area extends north-eastwards towards the UK, particularly in summer. Coastal areas have average annual sunshine totals over 1,600 hours."}], ["Universiti St Mark & St John (dikenali sebagai \"Marjon\" atau \"Marjons\") mengkhusus dalam latihan guru, dan menawarkan latihan di seluruh negara dan di luar negara. <> Apa institusi pengajian tinggi yang dikenali sebagai Marjons? || Universiti St Mark & St John <> Apakah keistimewaan akademik Universiti St Mark & St John? || latihan guru", {"qas": [{"question": "What institution of higher  education is colloquially known as Marjons?", "id": "56df64a68bc80c19004e4bb3", "answers": [{"text": "The University of St Mark & St John", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the academic specialty of the University of St Mark & St John?", "id": "56df64a68bc80c19004e4bb4", "answers": [{"text": "teacher training", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The University of St Mark & St John (known as \"Marjon\" or \"Marjons\") specialises in teacher training, and offers training across the country and abroad."}], ["Plymouth juga mempunyai 71 sekolah fasa utama negeri, 13 sekolah menengah negeri, lapan sekolah khas dan tiga sekolah tatabahasa negeri terpilih, Sekolah Tinggi Devonport untuk Girls, Sekolah Tinggi Devonport untuk Boys dan Plymouth High School for Girls. Terdapat juga sebuah sekolah bebas Plymouth College. <> Berapa banyak sekolah rendah negeri di Plymouth? || 71 <> Plymouth mempunyai berapa sekolah menengah negeri? || 13 <> Berapa banyak sekolah tatabahasa negeri yang berpusat di Plymouth? || tiga <> Apa nama sekolah merdeka di Plymouth? || Kolej Plymouth <> Selain Plymouth High School for Girls dan Devonport High School for Boys, apakah sekolah tatabahasa negeri yang ada di Plymouth? || Sekolah Tinggi Devonport untuk Girls", {"qas": [{"question": "How many state primary schools are in Plymouth?", "id": "56df65778bc80c19004e4bc7", "answers": [{"text": "71", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Plymouth has how many state secondary schools?", "id": "56df65778bc80c19004e4bc8", "answers": [{"text": "13", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many state grammar schools are based in Plymouth?", "id": "56df65778bc80c19004e4bc9", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the independent school in Plymouth?", "id": "56df65778bc80c19004e4bca", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth College", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from Plymouth High School for Girls and Devonport High School for Boys, what state grammar school is present in Plymouth?", "id": "56df65778bc80c19004e4bcb", "answers": [{"text": "Devonport High School for Girls", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Plymouth also has 71 state primary phase schools, 13 state secondary schools, eight special schools and three selective state grammar schools, Devonport High School for Girls, Devonport High School for Boys and Plymouth High School for Girls. There is also an independent school Plymouth College."}], ["Bandar ini juga menjadi rumah kepada dua kolej besar. The City College Plymouth menyediakan kursus dari yang paling asas kepada ijazah Foundation untuk kira-kira 26,000 pelajar. Plymouth College of Art menawarkan pilihan kursus termasuk media. Ia telah bermula 153 tahun yang lalu dan kini menjadi salah satu daripada empat kolej seni dan reka bentuk bebas di UK. <> Bersama dengan Kolej Bandar Plymouth, apa kuliah yang memanggil rumah Plymouth? || Plymouth College of Art <> Berapa banyak pelajar yang mendaftar di City College Plymouth? || 26,000 <> Berapa tahun yang lalu adalah Plymouth College of Art diasaskan? || 153 <> Berapa banyak kolej seni bebas yang wujud di United Kingdom? || empat <> Berapa banyak kolej besar di Plymouth? || dua", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with City College Plymouth, what college calls Plymouth home?", "id": "56df650f8bc80c19004e4bbd", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth College of Art", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many students are enrolled at City College Plymouth?", "id": "56df650f8bc80c19004e4bbe", "answers": [{"text": "26,000", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many years ago was Plymouth College of Art founded?", "id": "56df650f8bc80c19004e4bbf", "answers": [{"text": "153", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many independent art colleges exist in the United Kingdom?", "id": "56df650f8bc80c19004e4bc0", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many large colleges exist in Plymouth?", "id": "56df650f8bc80c19004e4bc1", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city is also home to two large colleges. The City College Plymouth provides courses from the most basic to Foundation degrees for approximately 26,000 students. Plymouth College of Art offers a selection of courses including media. It was started 153 years ago and is now one of only four independent colleges of art and design in the UK."}], ["Curah hujan cenderung dikaitkan dengan lekukan Atlantik atau dengan perolakan. Lekapan Atlantik lebih lasak pada musim gugur dan musim sejuk dan kebanyakan hujan yang jatuh di musim-musim di selatan-barat adalah dari sumber ini. Purata hujan tahunan adalah sekitar 980 milimeter (39 inci). November hingga Mac mempunyai kelajuan angin purata tertinggi, dengan bulan Jun hingga Ogos mempunyai angin yang paling ringan. Arah angin yang utama adalah dari barat daya. <> Bersama dengan perolakan, apa yang menimbulkan hujan di kawasan Plymouth? || Depresi Atlantik <> Bersama musim sejuk, di mana musim adalah lekukan Atlantik yang paling lazim? || musim luruh <> Berapa banyak hujan turun di Plymouth setiap tahun? || 39 <> Bersama dengan Mac, bulan mana purata angin terpantas? || November <> Dari mana arah angin paling banyak di Plymouth? || barat daya", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with convection, what provokes rain in the Plymouth area?", "id": "56df631296943c1400a5d4a9", "answers": [{"text": "Atlantic depressions", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with winter, in what season are Atlantic depressions most prevalent?", "id": "56df631296943c1400a5d4aa", "answers": [{"text": "autumn", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many inches of rain fall on Plymouth every year?", "id": "56df631296943c1400a5d4ab", "answers": [{"text": "39", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with March, what month has the fastest winds on average?", "id": "56df631296943c1400a5d4ac", "answers": [{"text": "November", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what direction do most of the winds blow on Plymouth?", "id": "56df631296943c1400a5d4ad", "answers": [{"text": "south-west", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Rainfall tends to be associated with Atlantic depressions or with convection. The Atlantic depressions are more vigorous in autumn and winter and most of the rain which falls in those seasons in the south-west is from this source. Average annual rainfall is around 980 millimetres (39 in). November to March have the highest mean wind speeds, with June to August having the lightest winds. The predominant wind direction is from the south-west."}], ["Biasanya, hari yang paling panas tahun ini (1971-2000) akan mencapai suhu 26.6 \u00b0 C (80 \u00b0 F), walaupun pada bulan Jun 1976 suhu mencapai 31.6 \u00b0 C (89 \u00b0 F), rekod tapak. Secara purata, 4.25 hari setahun akan melaporkan suhu maksimum 25.1 \u00b0 C (77 \u00b0 F) atau lebih tinggi. Semasa separuh musim sejuk, malam paling sejuk biasanya akan jatuh ke -4.1 \u00b0 C (25 \u00b0 F) walaupun pada bulan Januari 1979 suhu jatuh ke -8.8 \u00b0 C (16 \u00b0 F). Lazimnya, 18.6 malam tahun ini akan mendaftarkan beku udara. <> Dalam darjah Fahrenheit, apakah suhu tertinggi yang dicapai di Plymouth antara tahun 1971 dan 2000? || 89 <> Dalam bulan dan tahun berapa Plymouth melihat suhu tertinggi antara tahun 1971 dan 2000? || Jun 1976 <> Berapa banyak hari setahun di Plymouth lebih dari 77 \u00b0 F? || 4.25 <> Dalam darjah Celcius, apakah suhu paling sejuk yang direkodkan di Plymouth antara 1971 dan 2000? || -8.8 \u00b0 C <> Dalam bulan dan tahun berapa Plymouth melihat suhu terendah antara tahun 1971 dan 2000? || Januari 1979", {"qas": [{"question": "In degrees Fahrenheit, what was the highest temperature achieved in Plymouth between 1971 and 2000?", "id": "56df640296943c1400a5d4c3", "answers": [{"text": "89", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month and year did Plymouth see its highest temperature between 1971 and 2000?", "id": "56df640396943c1400a5d4c4", "answers": [{"text": "June 1976", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many days a year in Plymouth are over 77 \u00b0F?", "id": "56df640396943c1400a5d4c5", "answers": [{"text": "4.25", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In degrees Celsius, what was the coldest temperature recorded at Plymouth between 1971 and 2000?", "id": "56df640396943c1400a5d4c6", "answers": [{"text": "\u22128.8 \u00b0C", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month and year did Plymouth see its lowest temperature between 1971 and 2000?", "id": "56df640396943c1400a5d4c7", "answers": [{"text": "January 1979", "answer_start": 380}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Typically, the warmest day of the year (1971\u20132000) will achieve a temperature of 26.6 \u00b0C (80 \u00b0F), although in June 1976 the temperature reached 31.6 \u00b0C (89 \u00b0F), the site record. On average, 4.25 days of the year will report a maximum temperature of 25.1 \u00b0C (77 \u00b0F) or above. During the winter half of the year, the coldest night will typically fall to \u22124.1 \u00b0C (25 \u00b0F) although in January 1979 the temperature fell to \u22128.8 \u00b0C (16 \u00b0F). Typically, 18.6 nights of the year will register an air frost."}], ["Sebuah batu kapur Devonian Tengah berjalan ke barat ke timur dari Cremyll ke Plymstock termasuk Hoe. Batu kapur tempatan boleh dilihat di pelbagai bangunan, dinding dan laluan sepanjang Plymouth. Di bahagian utara dan timur bandar adalah jisim granit Dartmoor; granit itu dilombong dan dieksport melalui Plymouth. Rocks menurunkan Tamar dari Dartmoor termasuk bijih yang mengandungi timah, tembaga, tungsten, timah dan mineral lain. Terdapat bukti bahawa sabuk batu kapur Devonian pertengahan di pinggir selatan Plymouth dan di Plymstock ditakluki di West Hoe, Cattedown dan Radford. <> Tengah batu kapur Devonian wujud antara Plymstock dan lokasi apa? || Cremyll <> Apa lokasi utara bandar mempunyai granit? || Dartmoor <> Sungai apa yang digunakan untuk mengangkut granit dari Dartmoor ke Plymouth? || Tamar <> Bersama dengan West Hoe dan Radford, di mana batu kapur Devonian Tengah dikepalai di rantau ini? || Cattedown <> Apa batu tempatan digunakan dalam pembinaan banyak bangunan Plymouth? || Batu kapur", {"qas": [{"question": "Middle Devonian limestone exists between Plymstock and what location?", "id": "56df612c96943c1400a5d47f", "answers": [{"text": "Cremyll", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What location north of the city possesses granite?", "id": "56df612c96943c1400a5d480", "answers": [{"text": "Dartmoor", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What river was used to ferry granite from Dartmoor to Plymouth?", "id": "56df612c96943c1400a5d481", "answers": [{"text": "Tamar", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with West Hoe and Radford, where was Middle Devonian limestone quarried in the region?", "id": "56df612c96943c1400a5d482", "answers": [{"text": "Cattedown", "answer_start": 559}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What local stone was used in the construction of many Plymouth buildings?", "id": "56df612c96943c1400a5d483", "answers": [{"text": "limestone", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A band of Middle Devonian limestone runs west to east from Cremyll to Plymstock including the Hoe. Local limestone may be seen in numerous buildings, walls and pavements throughout Plymouth. To the north and north east of the city is the granite mass of Dartmoor; the granite was mined and exported via Plymouth. Rocks brought down the Tamar from Dartmoor include ores containing tin, copper, tungsten, lead and other minerals. There is evidence that the middle Devonian limestone belt at the south edge of Plymouth and in Plymstock was quarried at West Hoe, Cattedown and Radford."}], ["Universiti Plymouth mendaftarkan 25,895 jumlah pelajar pada 2014/15 (ke-22 terbesar di UK daripada 165). Ia juga menggunakan 3,000 kakitangan dengan pendapatan tahunan kira-kira \u00a3 160 juta. Ia ditubuhkan pada tahun 1992 dari Polytechnic South West (dahulu Plymouth Politeknik) berikutan Akta Pendidikan Tinggi dan Tinggi 1992. Ia mempunyai kursus dalam bidang perniagaan maritim, kejuruteraan marin, biologi marin dan sains laut dan alam sekitar, sains surfing, penghantaran dan logistik. Universiti ini membentuk usahasama dengan rakan-rakan Devonian University of Exeter pada tahun 2000, mendirikan Semenanjung Perubatan dan Pergigian Semenanjung. Kolej ini menduduki tempat ke-8 daripada 30 universiti di UK pada tahun 2011 untuk perubatan. Sekolah pergigiannya ditubuhkan pada tahun 2006, yang juga menyediakan penjagaan pergigian percuma dalam usaha untuk meningkatkan akses kepada penjagaan pergigian di South West. <> Berapa banyak pelajar yang belajar di Universiti Plymouth? || 25,895 <> Di manakah Universiti Plymouth berpangkat di kalangan institusi pengajian tinggi Inggeris dari segi bilangan pelajar yang terdaftar? || 22 <> Berapa banyak kakitangan yang bekerja untuk Universiti Plymouth? || 3,000 <> Berapa banyak kakitangan Universiti Plymouth membayar secara tahunan? || \u00a3 160 juta <> Pada tahun apakah University of Plymouth ditubuhkan? || 1992", {"qas": [{"question": "How many students are studying at the University of Plymouth?", "id": "56df64688bc80c19004e4ba9", "answers": [{"text": "25,895", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the University of Plymouth rank among British institutions of higher education in terms of number of enrolled students?", "id": "56df64688bc80c19004e4baa", "answers": [{"text": "22nd", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many staff members work for the University of Plymouth?", "id": "56df64688bc80c19004e4bab", "answers": [{"text": "3,000", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how much are the staff of the University of Plymouth paid yearly in total?", "id": "56df64688bc80c19004e4bac", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a3160 million", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the University of Plymouth established?", "id": "56df64688bc80c19004e4bad", "answers": [{"text": "1992", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The University of Plymouth enrolls 25,895 total students as of 2014/15 (22nd largest in the UK out of 165). It also employs 3,000 staff with an annual income of around \u00a3160 million. It was founded in 1992 from Polytechnic South West (formerly Plymouth Polytechnic) following the Further and Higher Education Act 1992. It has courses in maritime business, marine engineering, marine biology and Earth, ocean and environmental sciences, surf science, shipping and logistics. The university formed a joint venture with the fellow Devonian University of Exeter in 2000, establishing the Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry. The college is ranked 8th out of 30 universities in the UK in 2011 for medicine. Its dental school was established in 2006, which also provides free dental care in an attempt to improve access to dental care in the South West."}], ["Pada 27 April 1944 Rancangan Sir Patrick Abercrombie untuk Plymouth untuk membina semula bandar yang rosak telah diterbitkan; ia menyerukan untuk membongkar beberapa baki bangunan pra-Perang di pusat bandar untuk membuat jalan bagi penggantian mereka dengan jalan lebar, selari, moden yang sejajar dengan timur-barat yang dikaitkan dengan jalan utara-selatan (Armada Way) menghubungkan stesen kereta api dengan vista Plymouth Hoe. Sistem jalan persisian yang menghubungkan Barbican bersejarah di timur dan Union Street di barat menentukan bentuk utama pusat bandar, walaupun mengikuti pejalan kaki pusat membeli-belah pada akhir 1980-an, dan terus memaklumkan kepada 'Visi untuk Plymouth' yang kini dibangunkan oleh pasukan yang diketuai oleh arkitek yang berpangkalan di Barcelona, David MacKay pada tahun 2003 yang menyeru untuk membaikpulih pusat bandar dengan penggunaan campuran dan kediaman. Di kawasan pinggir bandar, prefab pasca perang telah mula muncul pada tahun 1946, dan lebih 1,000 rumah dewan kekal dibina setiap tahun dari tahun 1951-57 menurut model bandar taman berketumpatan rendah zon moden yang dianjurkan oleh Abercrombie. Menjelang tahun 1964 lebih 20,000 rumah baru telah dibina, lebih daripada 13,500 rumah dewan kekal dan 853 dibina oleh Admiralty. Plymouth adalah rumah kepada 28 buah taman dengan saiz purata 45,638 meter persegi (491,240 kaki persegi). Taman terbesarnya adalah Central Park, dengan ruang hijau yang lain termasuk Victoria Park, Freedom Fields Park, Alexandra Park, Devonport Park dan Hoe. <> Pada tarikh apakah penerbitan Rancangan untuk Plymouth? || 27 April 1944 <> Siapa yang menulis Rancangan untuk Plymouth? || Sir Patrick Abercrombie <> Jalan mana yang dimaksudkan untuk menghubungkan Plymouth Hoe ke stesen kereta api? || Armada Way <> Siapa yang mengetuai pasukan yang mencipta 'Visi untuk Plymouth'? || David MacKay <> Berapa banyak taman ada di Plymouth? || 28", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the publication of the Plan for Plymouth?", "id": "56df61a08bc80c19004e4b77", "answers": [{"text": "27 April 1944", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the Plan for Plymouth?", "id": "56df61a08bc80c19004e4b78", "answers": [{"text": "Sir Patrick Abercrombie", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What street was intended to connect Plymouth Hoe to the railroad station?", "id": "56df61a08bc80c19004e4b79", "answers": [{"text": "Armada Way", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who headed the team that created the 'Vision for Plymouth'?", "id": "56df61a08bc80c19004e4b7a", "answers": [{"text": "David MacKay", "answer_start": 722}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many parks exist in Plymouth?", "id": "56df61a08bc80c19004e4b7b", "answers": [{"text": "28", "answer_start": 1208}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 27 April 1944 Sir Patrick Abercrombie's Plan for Plymouth to rebuild the bomb-damaged city was published; it called for demolition of the few remaining pre-War buildings in the city centre to make way for their replacement with wide, parallel, modern boulevards aligned east\u2013west linked by a north\u2013south avenue (Armada Way) linking the railway station with the vista of Plymouth Hoe. A peripheral road system connecting the historic Barbican on the east and Union Street to the west determines the principal form of the city centre, even following pedestrianisation of the shopping centre in the late 1980s, and continues to inform the present 'Vision for Plymouth' developed by a team led by Barcelona-based architect David MacKay in 2003 which calls for revivification of the city centre with mixed-use and residential. In suburban areas, post-War prefabs had already begun to appear by 1946, and over 1,000 permanent council houses were built each year from 1951\u201357 according to the Modernist zoned low-density garden city model advocated by Abercrombie. By 1964 over 20,000 new homes had been built, more than 13,500 of them permanent council homes and 853 built by the Admiralty. Plymouth is home to 28 parks with an average size of 45,638 square metres (491,240 sq ft). Its largest park is Central Park, with other sizeable green spaces including Victoria Park, Freedom Fields Park, Alexandra Park, Devonport Park and the Hoe."}], ["Bersama-sama dengan seluruh West England Selatan, Plymouth mempunyai iklim lautan yang sederhana (K\u00f6ppen Cfb) yang umumnya lebih basah dan lebih ringan daripada seluruh England. Ini bermakna pelbagai tumbuh-tumbuhan eksotik boleh ditanam. Suhu purata tahunan adalah kira-kira 11 \u00b0 C (52 \u00b0 F). Oleh kerana kesan pengubahsuaian laut, pelbagai musiman kurang daripada kebanyakan bahagian UK. Akibat musim panas ini adalah lebih rendah daripada garis lintang yang selatan harus dijanjikan, tetapi sebagai kontras bulan paling sejuk bulan Februari mempunyai suhu minimum minima antara 3 dan 4 \u00b0 C (37 dan 39 \u00b0 F). Salji jarang berlaku, biasanya tidak menyamakan dengan beberapa kepingan, tetapi terdapat pengecualian, iaitu musim sejuk Eropah musim 2009-10 yang, pada awal Januari, meliputi Plymouth dalam sekurang-kurangnya 1 inci (2.5 cm) salji; lebih banyak di atas tanah yang lebih tinggi. Satu lagi tempoh salji yang ketara berlaku dari 17-19 Disember 2010 apabila sehingga 8 inci (20 cm) salji jatuh sepanjang tempoh - walaupun hanya 2 inci (5.1 cm) akan terletak pada satu-satu masa disebabkan oleh cair. Sepanjang tempoh 1961-1990, pengumpulan tahunan salji tahunan purata kurang dari 7 cm (3 in) setahun. Julai dan Ogos adalah bulan paling panas dengan minima maksimum harian melebihi 19 \u00b0 C (66 \u00b0 F). <> Apakah klasifikasi iklim K\u00f6ppen mempunyai Plymouth? || lautan sederhana <> Dalam darjah Fahrenheit, apakah suhu purata tahunan Plymouth? || 52 <> Berapa bulan di Plymouth mempunyai suhu terendah? || Februari <> Sehingga berapa sentimeter salji jatuh di Plymouth antara 17 dan 19 Disember 2010? || 20 <> Bersama dengan bulan Ogos, apa yang biasanya bulan terpanas di Plymouth? || Julai", {"qas": [{"question": "What K\u00f6ppen climate classification does Plymouth possess?", "id": "56df623596943c1400a5d491", "answers": [{"text": "temperate oceanic", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In degrees Fahrenheit, what is Plymouth's annual mean temperature?", "id": "56df623596943c1400a5d492", "answers": [{"text": "52", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What month in Plymouth has the lowest temperatures?", "id": "56df623596943c1400a5d493", "answers": [{"text": "February", "answer_start": 503}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Up to how many centimeters of snow fell on Plymouth between 17 and 19 December 2010?", "id": "56df623596943c1400a5d494", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 719}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with August, what is typically the hottest month in Plymouth?", "id": "56df623596943c1400a5d495", "answers": [{"text": "July", "answer_start": 1122}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Along with the rest of South West England, Plymouth has a temperate oceanic climate (K\u00f6ppen Cfb) which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of England. This means a wide range of exotic plants can be grown. The annual mean temperature is approximately 11 \u00b0C (52 \u00b0F). Due to the modifying effect of the sea the seasonal range is less than in most other parts of the UK. As a result of this summer highs are lower than its southerly latitude should warrant, but as a contrast the coldest month of February has mean minimum temperatures as mild as between 3 and 4 \u00b0C (37 and 39 \u00b0F). Snow is rare, not usually equating to more than a few flakes, but there have been exclusions, namely the European winter storms of 2009-10 which, in early January, covered Plymouth in at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) of snow; more on higher ground. Another period of notable snow occurred from 17\u201319 December 2010 when up to 8 inches (20 cm) of snow fell through the period \u2013 though only 2 inches (5.1 cm) would lie at any one time due to melt. Over the 1961\u20131990 period, annual snowfall accumulation averaged less than 7 cm (3 in) per year. July and August are the warmest months with mean daily maxima over 19 \u00b0C (66 \u00b0F)."}], ["Profil 2014 oleh Perkhidmatan Kesihatan Negara menunjukkan bahawa Plymouth lebih tinggi daripada purata kemiskinan dan kekurangan (26.2% daripada penduduk di antara 20.4% paling miskin di peringkat kebangsaan). Jangka hayat, di 78.3 tahun untuk lelaki dan 82.1 bagi wanita, adalah yang terendah di mana-mana rantau di Barat Laut England. <> Berapa peratus penduduk Plymouth menderita kemiskinan dan kekurangan pada tahun 2014? || 26.2% <> Sehingga 2014, apakah jangka hayat lelaki penduduk Plymouth? || 78.3 tahun <> Sehingga 2014, apakah jangka hayat wanita penduduk Plymouth? || 82.1 <> Di manakah jangka hayat Plymouth berpanjangan dari kawasan di South West England? || paling rendah", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of Plymouth residents were suffering from poverty and deprivation in 2014?", "id": "56df6c5a56340a1900b29af6", "answers": [{"text": "26.2%", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of 2014, what was the life expectancy of male Plymouth residents?", "id": "56df6c5a56340a1900b29af7", "answers": [{"text": "78.3 years", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of 2014, what was the life expectancy of female Plymouth residents?", "id": "56df6c5a56340a1900b29af8", "answers": [{"text": "82.1", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Plymouth's life expectancy rank out of the regions of South West England?", "id": "56df6c5a56340a1900b29af9", "answers": [{"text": "lowest", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A 2014 profile by the National Health Service showed Plymouth had higher than average levels of poverty and deprivation (26.2% of population among the poorest 20.4% nationally). Life expectancy, at 78.3 years for men and 82.1 for women, was the lowest of any region in the South West of England."}], ["Pada tahun 2004, pusat membeli-belah Drake Circus lama dan tempat letak kereta Charles Cross telah dirobohkan dan digantikan oleh Drake Circus Shopping Centre terkini, yang dibuka pada Oktober 2006. Ia menerima maklum balas negatif sebelum pembukaan apabila David Mackay berkata ia sudah \"sepuluh tahun dari tarikh \". Sebaliknya, pusat pengeluaran dan pendidikan Theatre Royal, TR2, yang dibina di atas padang pasir di Cattedown, merupakan pelari untuk RIBA Prize for Architecture pada tahun 2003. <> Bilakah tempat letak kereta Charles Cross dikeluarkan? || 2004 <> Pada bulan dan tahun apakah pembukaan Pusat Membeli-belah Drake Circus? || Oktober 2006 <> Di manakah TR2 dibina? || Cattedown <> Apa hadiah TR2 hampir menang? || RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture pada tahun 2003 <> Siapa yang bercakap tentang Drake Circus Shopping Centre? || David Mackay", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Charles Cross car park removed?", "id": "56df6e3756340a1900b29b22", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month and year was the grand opening of Drake Circus Shopping Centre?", "id": "56df6e3756340a1900b29b23", "answers": [{"text": "October 2006", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was TR2 built?", "id": "56df6e3756340a1900b29b24", "answers": [{"text": "Cattedown", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What prize did TR2 almost win?", "id": "56df6e3756340a1900b29b25", "answers": [{"text": "the RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture in 2003", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who spoke disparagingly about the Drake Circus Shopping Centre?", "id": "56df6e3756340a1900b29b26", "answers": [{"text": "David Mackay", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2004 the old Drake Circus shopping centre and Charles Cross car park were demolished and replaced by the latest Drake Circus Shopping Centre, which opened in October 2006. It received negative feedback before opening when David Mackay said it was already \"ten years out of date\". In contrast, the Theatre Royal's production and education centre, TR2, which was built on wasteland at Cattedown, was a runner-up for the RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture in 2003."}], ["Kerana lokasi pesisirnya, ekonomi Plymouth secara tradisional telah maritim, khususnya sektor pertahanan dengan lebih dari 12,000 orang yang bekerja dan sekitar 7,500 dalam angkatan bersenjata. Plymouth Gin Distillery telah menghasilkan Plymouth Gin sejak 1793, yang dieksport di seluruh dunia oleh Royal Navy. Semasa tahun 1930-an, ia adalah gin yang paling banyak diedarkan dan mempunyai tempoh asal yang terkawal. Sejak tahun 1980-an, pekerjaan di sektor pertahanan telah menurun dengan ketara dan sektor awam kini terkenal terutamanya dalam pentadbiran, kesihatan, pendidikan, perubatan dan kejuruteraan. <> Berapa ramai penduduk Plymouth yang bekerja dalam pertahanan? || 12,000 <> Berapa banyak penduduk Plymouth berkhidmat dalam tentera? || 7,500 <> Bilakah Plymouth Gin pertama disuling? || 1793 <> Apa syarikat menghasilkan Plymouth Gin? || Plymouth Gin Distillery <> Semasa dekad apa Plymouth Gin yang paling banyak digunakan di dunia? || tahun 1930-an", {"qas": [{"question": "How many Plymouth residents are employed in defense?", "id": "56df6cb85ca0a614008f9a03", "answers": [{"text": "12,000", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many Plymouth residents are serving in the military?", "id": "56df6cb85ca0a614008f9a04", "answers": [{"text": "7,500", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Plymouth Gin first distilled?", "id": "56df6cb85ca0a614008f9a05", "answers": [{"text": "1793", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company produces Plymouth Gin?", "id": "56df6cb85ca0a614008f9a06", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth Gin Distillery", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what decade was Plymouth Gin the most widely consumed in the world?", "id": "56df6cb85ca0a614008f9a07", "answers": [{"text": "the 1930s", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Because of its coastal location, the economy of Plymouth has traditionally been maritime, in particular the defence sector with over 12,000 people employed and approximately 7,500 in the armed forces. The Plymouth Gin Distillery has been producing Plymouth Gin since 1793, which was exported around the world by the Royal Navy. During the 1930s, it was the most widely distributed gin and has a controlled term of origin. Since the 1980s, employment in the defence sector has decreased substantially and the public sector is now prominent particularly in administration, health, education, medicine and engineering."}], ["Nilai tambah kasar Plymouth (ukuran saiz ekonominya) ialah 5,169 juta GBP pada tahun 2013 menjadikan 25% daripada GVA Devon. GVA bagi setiap orang adalah \u00a3 19,943 dan berbanding purata negara sebanyak \u00a3 23,755, adalah \u00a3 3.812 lebih rendah. Kadar pengangguran Plymouth adalah 7.0% pada tahun 2014 yang mana 2.0 mata lebih tinggi daripada purata Barat Barat dan 0.8 mata lebih tinggi daripada purata untuk Great Britain (England, Wales dan Scotland). <> Berapa peratus daripada GVA Devon yang Plymouth terdiri daripada 2013? || 25% <> Apa itu GVA 2013 Plymouth dalam berjuta-juta Pounds British? || 5,169 <> Apakah GVA per kapita Plymouth pada tahun 2013? || \u00a3 19,943 <> Apakah purata GVA per kapita United Kingdom pada 2013? || \u00a3 23,755 <> Berapakah peratusan penduduk Plymouth menganggur pada tahun 2014? || 7.0%", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of Devon's GVA does Plymouth comprise in 2013?", "id": "56df6bc656340a1900b29aec", "answers": [{"text": "25%", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Plymouth's 2013 GVA in millions of British Pounds?", "id": "56df6bc656340a1900b29aed", "answers": [{"text": "5,169", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Plymouth' per capita GVA in 2013?", "id": "56df6bc656340a1900b29aee", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a319,943", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the United Kingdom's average per capita GVA in 2013?", "id": "56df6bc656340a1900b29aef", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a323,755", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Plymouth residents were unemployed in 2014?", "id": "56df6bc656340a1900b29af0", "answers": [{"text": "7.0%", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Plymouth's gross value added (a measure of the size of its economy) was 5,169 million GBP in 2013 making up 25% of Devon's GVA. Its GVA per person was \u00a319,943 and compared to the national average of \u00a323,755, was \u00a33,812 lower. Plymouth's unemployment rate was 7.0% in 2014 which was 2.0 points higher than the South West average and 0.8 points higher than the average for Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland)."}], ["Majlis Plymouth sedang menjalankan projek pembangunan semula bandar yang dikenali sebagai \"Visi untuk Plymouth\" yang dilancarkan oleh arkitek David Mackay dan disokong oleh Majlis Bandaraya Plymouth dan Dewan Perniagaan Plymouth (PCC). Projeknya terdiri daripada pusat membeli-belah, terminal pelayaran, boulevard dan meningkatkan jumlah penduduk kepada 300,000 dan membina 33,000 tempat tinggal. <> Apakah nama projek pembangunan semula bandar Plymouth Majlis? || \"Visi untuk Plymouth\" <> Apa arkitek yang bertanggungjawab terhadap \"\" Visi untuk Plymouth \"? || David Mackay <> Bersama dengan Majlis Plymouth, badan apa yang menyokong\" Visi untuk Plymouth \"? || Dewan Perniagaan Plymouth < > Apakah matlamat penduduk \"Visi untuk Plymouth\"? || 300,000 <> Berapa banyak kediaman yang \"Visi untuk Plymouth\" ingin membina? || 33,000", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of Plymouth Council's urban redevelopment project?", "id": "56df6dc656340a1900b29b18", "answers": [{"text": "\"Vision for Plymouth\"", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What architect is in charge of the \"\"Vision for Plymouth\"?", "id": "56df6dc656340a1900b29b19", "answers": [{"text": "David Mackay", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Plymouth Council, what body supports the \"Vision for Plymouth\"?", "id": "56df6dc656340a1900b29b1a", "answers": [{"text": "the Plymouth Chamber of Commerce", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the population goal of the \"Vision for Plymouth\"?", "id": "56df6dc656340a1900b29b1b", "answers": [{"text": "300,000", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many residences does the \"Vision for Plymouth\" seek to build?", "id": "56df6dc656340a1900b29b1c", "answers": [{"text": "33,000", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Plymouth Council is currently undertaking a project of urban redevelopment called the \"Vision for Plymouth\" launched by the architect David Mackay and backed by both Plymouth City Council and the Plymouth Chamber of Commerce (PCC). Its projects range from shopping centres, a cruise terminal, a boulevard and to increase the population to 300,000 and build 33,000 dwellings."}], ["Devonport Dockyard adalah pangkalan tentera laut hanya UK yang mengesahkan kapal selam nuklear dan Angkatan Laut menganggarkan bahawa Dockyard menghasilkan kira-kira 10% daripada pendapatan Plymouth. Plymouth mempunyai kumpulan perniagaan marin dan maritim terbesar di selatan barat dengan 270 syarikat yang beroperasi dalam sektor ini. Majikan lain yang lain termasuk universiti dengan hampir 3,000 kakitangan, serta Taman Sains Tamar yang mempekerjakan 500 orang dalam 50 syarikat. Beberapa majikan telah memilih untuk mencari ibu pejabat mereka di Plymouth, termasuk Hemsley Fraser. <> Berapakah peratusan pendapatan Plymouth berasal dari Dockyard? || 10% <> Apakah pangkalan tentera laut Diraja hadir di Plymouth? || Lambang Devonport <> Berapa banyak perniagaan maritim beroperasi di Plymouth? || 270 <> Berapa ramai orang yang bekerja di Taman Sains Tamar? || 500 <> Apa syarikat yang berpusat di Plymouth? || Hemsley Fraser", {"qas": [{"question": "About what percentage of Plymouth's income comes from the Dockyard?", "id": "56df6d0556340a1900b29b06", "answers": [{"text": "10%", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Royal Navy base is present in Plymouth?", "id": "56df6d0556340a1900b29b07", "answers": [{"text": "Devonport Dockyard", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many maritime businesses operate in Plymouth?", "id": "56df6d0556340a1900b29b08", "answers": [{"text": "270", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people work in Tamar Science Park?", "id": "56df6d0556340a1900b29b09", "answers": [{"text": "500", "answer_start": 410}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a notable company based in Plymouth?", "id": "56df6d0556340a1900b29b0a", "answers": [{"text": "Hemsley Fraser", "answer_start": 520}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Devonport Dockyard is the UK's only naval base that refits nuclear submarines and the Navy estimates that the Dockyard generates about 10% of Plymouth's income. Plymouth has the largest cluster of marine and maritime businesses in the south west with 270 firms operating within the sector. Other substantial employers include the university with almost 3,000 staff, as well as the Tamar Science Park employing 500 people in 50 companies. Several employers have chosen to locate their headquarters in Plymouth, including Hemsley Fraser."}], ["Bandar ini juga menjadi rumah kepada Kolej Kejuruteraan Naval Diraja; dibuka pada tahun 1880 di Keyham, ia melatih pelajar kejuruteraan selama lima tahun sebelum mereka menyelesaikan dua tahun lagi kursus di Greenwich. Kolej ini ditutup pada tahun 1910, tetapi pada tahun 1940 kolej baru dibuka di Manadon. Ini dinamakan semula sebagai Dockyard Technical College pada tahun 1959 sebelum akhirnya ditutup pada tahun 1994; Latihan dipindahkan ke Universiti Southampton. <> Apa institusi pengajian tinggi maritim wujud di Plymouth pada tahun 1880? || Kolej Kejuruteraan Naval Diraja <> Bilakah Kolej Kejuruteraan Diraja Laut menutup pintu di Plymouth? || 1910 <> Apakah Kolej Kejuruteraan Diraja Diraja ditukar nama pada tahun 1959? || Kolej Teknikal Limbungan <> Dalam tahun apakah Kolej Teknik Dockyard ditutup? || 1994 <> Selepas Dockyard Technical College ditutup, di manakah kelas dipindahkan ke? || Universiti Southampton", {"qas": [{"question": "What maritime institution of higher education existed in Plymouth as of 1880?", "id": "56df660896943c1400a5d4d7", "answers": [{"text": "the Royal Naval Engineering College", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Royal Naval Engineering College shut its doors in Plymouth?", "id": "56df660896943c1400a5d4d8", "answers": [{"text": "1910", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Royal Naval Engineering College renamed in 1959?", "id": "56df660896943c1400a5d4d9", "answers": [{"text": "Dockyard Technical College", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Dockyard Technical College close?", "id": "56df660896943c1400a5d4da", "answers": [{"text": "1994", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After the Dockyard Technical College closed, where were classes relocated to?", "id": "56df660896943c1400a5d4db", "answers": [{"text": "University of Southampton", "answer_start": 399}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city was also home to the Royal Naval Engineering College; opened in 1880 in Keyham, it trained engineering students for five years before they completed the remaining two years of the course at Greenwich. The college closed in 1910, but in 1940 a new college opened at Manadon. This was renamed Dockyard Technical College in 1959 before finally closing in 1994; training was transferred to the University of Southampton."}], ["Plymouth mempunyai kawasan membeli-belah pasca perang di pusat bandar dengan pejalan kaki yang besar. Di hujung barat zon di dalam bangunan yang disenaraikan di kelas II ialah Pasar Pannier yang telah siap pada tahun 1959 - pannier yang bermaksud \"bakul\" dari Perancis, jadi ia diterjemahkan sebagai \"pasar bakul\". Dari segi ruang lantai runcit, Plymouth menduduki ranking lima teratas di Barat Daya, dan ke-29 negara. Plymouth adalah salah satu daripada sepuluh bandar raya pertama di Britain untuk membicarakan inisiatif Daerah Peningkatan Perniagaan baru. Kolam Tinside terletak di kaki Hoe dan menjadi bangunan tersenarai gred II pada tahun 1998 sebelum dipulihkan ke tahun 1930-an mencari \u00a3 3.4 juta. <> Kedai apa yang ketara terletak di bangunan yang disenaraikan di kelas II? || Pasaran Pannier <> Pada tahun apakah Pannier Market selesai? || 1959 <> Apakah kedudukan negara Plymouth dalam ruang lantai runcit? || 29th <> Lokasi yang ketara itu dinamakan bangunan II yang disenaraikan pada tahun 1998? || Kolam Tinside <> Apakah kos untuk memulihkan Kolam Tinside? || \u00a3 3.4 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "What notable shop is located in a grade II listed building?", "id": "56df6d765ca0a614008f9a0d", "answers": [{"text": "Pannier Market", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Pannier Market finished?", "id": "56df6d765ca0a614008f9a0e", "answers": [{"text": "1959", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Plymouth's national rank in retail floorspace?", "id": "56df6d765ca0a614008f9a0f", "answers": [{"text": "29th", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What notable location was named a grade II listed building in 1998?", "id": "56df6d765ca0a614008f9a10", "answers": [{"text": "Tinside Pool", "answer_start": 499}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the cost to restore Tinside Pool?", "id": "56df6d765ca0a614008f9a11", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a33.4 million", "answer_start": 637}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Plymouth has a post-war shopping area in the city centre with substantial pedestrianisation. At the west end of the zone inside a grade II listed building is the Pannier Market that was completed in 1959 \u2013 pannier meaning \"basket\" from French, so it translates as \"basket market\". In terms of retail floorspace, Plymouth is ranked in the top five in the South West, and 29th nationally. Plymouth was one of the first ten British cities to trial the new Business Improvement District initiative. The Tinside Pool is situated at the foot of the Hoe and became a grade II listed building in 1998 before being restored to its 1930s look for \u00a33.4 million."}], ["Dari Banci 2011, Pejabat bagi Statistik Kebangsaan menerbitkan bahawa populasi kawasan kepimpinan Plymouth adalah 256,384; 15,664 lebih ramai orang daripada banci terakhir dari tahun 2001, yang menunjukkan bahawa Plymouth mempunyai populasi 240,720. Kawasan bandar Plymouth mempunyai penduduk 260,203 pada tahun 2011 (kawasan bandar yang meluas di luar sempadan pihak berkuasa). Saiz purata isi rumah di bandar ialah 2.3 orang. Pada masa bancian UK 2011, komposisi etnik penduduk Plymouth adalah 96.2% Putih (daripada 92.9% adalah White British), dengan kumpulan etnik minoriti terbesar yang Cina pada 0.5%. Kumpulan etnik Ireland putih menyaksikan penurunan terbesar dalam bahagian penduduknya sejak Banci 2001 (-24%), manakala Asia dan Hitam Afrika yang lain mempunyai peningkatan terbesar (360% dan 351%). Ini tidak termasuk dua kumpulan etnik baru yang ditambah pada tahun 2011 banci Gypsy atau Traveller Ireland dan Arab. Populasi meningkat dengan pesat pada paruh kedua abad ke-19, namun menurun sebanyak 1.6% dari tahun 1931 hingga 1951. <> Apakah penduduk Plymouth berwibawa sepakat pada tahun 2011? || 256,384 <> Apa populasi Plymouth berwibawa kuasa sepadu 2001? || 240,720 <> Berapa ramai orang yang mendapat kuasa unilateral Plymouth antara 2001 dan 2011? || 15,664 <> Berapa purata bilangan orang dalam rumah Plymouth? || 2.3 <> Berapa peratus penduduk Plymouth pada tahun 2011 adalah keturunan Cina? || 0.5", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the population of Plymouth unitary authority circa 2011?", "id": "56df6b6d5ca0a614008f99f5", "answers": [{"text": "256,384", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the population of Plymouth unitary authority circa 2001?", "id": "56df6b6d5ca0a614008f99f6", "answers": [{"text": "240,720", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people did the Plymouth unitary authority gain between 2001 and 2011?", "id": "56df6b6d5ca0a614008f99f7", "answers": [{"text": "15,664", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the average number of people in a Plymouth household?", "id": "56df6b6d5ca0a614008f99f8", "answers": [{"text": "2.3", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Plymouth residents in 2011 were of Chinese ancestry?", "id": "56df6b6d5ca0a614008f99f9", "answers": [{"text": "0.5", "answer_start": 613}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From the 2011 Census, the Office for National Statistics published that Plymouth's unitary authority area population was 256,384; 15,664 more people than that of the last census from 2001, which indicated that Plymouth had a population of 240,720. The Plymouth urban area had a population of 260,203 in 2011 (the urban sprawl which extends outside the authority's boundaries). The city's average household size was 2.3 persons. At the time of the 2011 UK census, the ethnic composition of Plymouth's population was 96.2% White (of 92.9% was White British), with the largest minority ethnic group being Chinese at 0.5%. The white Irish ethnic group saw the largest decline in its share of the population since the 2001 Census (-24%), while the Other Asian and Black African had the largest increases (360% and 351% respectively). This excludes the two new ethnic groups added to the 2011 census of Gypsy or Irish Traveller and Arab. The population rose rapidly during the second half of the 19th century, but declined by over 1.6% from 1931 to 1951."}], ["Plymouth adalah rumah kepada Persatuan Biologi Marin dari United Kingdom (MBA) yang menjalankan kajian di semua bidang sains marin. Makmal Marin Plymouth adalah cabang dari MBA. Bersama-sama dengan Akuarium Laut Nasional, Yayasan Sir Alister Hardy untuk Ocean Sciences, Institut Marin Universiti Plymouth dan Pusat Penyelidikan Penyakit Penyelamatan, organisasi-organisasi berkaitan marin ini membentuk Perkongsian Sains Marin Plymouth. Makmal Marin Plymouth, yang memberi tumpuan kepada isu perubahan iklim dan kemapanan global. Ia memantau kesan keasidan laut pada batu karang dan kerang dan melaporkan hasilnya kepada kerajaan Inggeris. Ia juga menanam alga yang boleh digunakan untuk membuat biofuel atau dalam rawatan air sisa menggunakan teknologi seperti bioreaktor foto. Ia berfungsi bersama Kumpulan Boots untuk menyiasat penggunaan alga dalam penjagaan kulit melindungi, memanfaatkan bahan kimia yang mereka ada yang menyesuaikan diri untuk melindungi diri mereka dari matahari. <> Organisasi apa yang dikenali sebagai MBA yang berpusat di Plymouth? || Persatuan Biologi Marin <> Apa organisasi Plymouth dinamakan untuk Sir Alister Hardy? || Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences <> Apa kemudahan marin yang dilampirkan ke University of Plymouth? || Institut Marin <> Kelompok mana yang mana banyak organisasi marin Plymouth? || Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership <> Apakah nama akuarium yang terdapat di Plymouth? || Akuarium Laut Nasional", {"qas": [{"question": "What organization known as the MBA is based in Plymouth?", "id": "56df6adb5ca0a614008f99e1", "answers": [{"text": "Marine Biological Association", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Plymouth organization is named for Sir Alister Hardy?", "id": "56df6adb5ca0a614008f99e2", "answers": [{"text": "Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What marine facility is attached to the University of Plymouth?", "id": "56df6adb5ca0a614008f99e3", "answers": [{"text": "Marine Institute", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group are many of Plymouth's marine organizations a part of?", "id": "56df6adb5ca0a614008f99e4", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the aquarium present in Plymouth?", "id": "56df6adb5ca0a614008f99e5", "answers": [{"text": "National Marine Aquarium", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Plymouth is home to the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (MBA) which conducts research in all areas of the marine sciences. The Plymouth Marine Laboratory is an offshoot of the MBA. Together with the National Marine Aquarium, the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences, Plymouth University's Marine Institute and the Diving Diseases Research Centre, these marine-related organisations form the Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership. The Plymouth Marine Laboratory, which focuses on global issues of climate change and sustainability. It monitors the effects of ocean acidity on corals and shellfish and reports the results to the UK government. It also cultivates algae that could be used to make biofuels or in the treatment of waste water by using technology such as photo-bioreactors. It works alongside the Boots Group to investigate the use of algae in skin care protects, taking advantage of the chemicals they contain that adapt to protect themselves from the sun."}], ["Plymouth mempunyai rujukan pertama kepada orang-orang Yahudi di Barat Laut dari pelayaran Sir Francis Drake pada 1577 hingga 1580, kerana lognya disebut \"Musa the Jew\" - seorang lelaki dari Plymouth. Sinagog Plymouth adalah bangunan Gred II * yang dibina, yang dibina pada tahun 1762 dan merupakan Synagogue Ashkenazi tertua di dunia berbahasa Inggeris. Terdapat juga tempat-tempat ibadat untuk Islam, Bah\u00e1'\u00ed, Buddhisme, Unitarianisme, kepercayaan Cina dan Kemanusiaan. <> Apa yang disebut oleh Plymouth Jew oleh Sir Francis Drake? || Musa <> Pada tahun apakah dibina Rumah Sakit Plymouth? || 1762 <> Apakah gred yang disenaraikan di Plymouth Synagogue? || Gred II * <> Apakah komuniti orang Yahudi adalah Sinagog Plymouth yang dibina oleh? || Ashkenazi", {"qas": [{"question": "What Plymouth Jew was mentioned by Sir Francis Drake?", "id": "56df72a456340a1900b29b82", "answers": [{"text": "Moses", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Plymouth Synagogue constructed?", "id": "56df72a456340a1900b29b83", "answers": [{"text": "1762", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Plymouth Synagogue's listed grade?", "id": "56df72a456340a1900b29b84", "answers": [{"text": "Grade II*", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What community of Jews was Plymouth Synagogue built by?", "id": "56df72a456340a1900b29b85", "answers": [{"text": "Ashkenazi", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Plymouth has the first known reference to Jews in the South West from Sir Francis Drake's voyages in 1577 to 1580, as his log mentioned \"Moses the Jew\" \u2013 a man from Plymouth. The Plymouth Synagogue is a Listed Grade II* building, built in 1762 and is the oldest Ashkenazi Synagogue in the English speaking world. There are also places of worship for Islam, Bah\u00e1'\u00ed, Buddhism, Unitarianism, Chinese beliefs and Humanism."}], ["Dibina pada tahun 1815, Union Street berada di tengah-tengah budaya sejarah Plymouth. Ia dikenali sebagai taman permainan, seperti di mana para pelayar dari Royal Navy akan mencari hiburan dari semua jenis. Semasa tahun 1930-an, terdapat 30 buah pub dan ia menarik penonton seperti Charlie Chaplin ke New Palace Theatre. Ia kini menjadi pusat hiburan malam di malam hiburan Plymouth, tetapi mempunyai reputasi untuk masalah pada waktu tutup. <> Pada tahun apakah Union Street dibina? || 1815 <> Siapa yang tampil di New Palace Theatre pada tahun 1930-an? || Charlie Chaplin <> Berapa banyak pub yang wujud di Union Street pada tahun 1930-an? || 30-an <> Apa kumpulan yang terkenal menikmatinya di Union Street? || kelasi dari Tentera Laut Diraja", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was Union Street constructed?", "id": "56df736f5ca0a614008f9a8f", "answers": [{"text": "1815", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who performed at the New Palace Theatre in the 1930s?", "id": "56df736f5ca0a614008f9a90", "answers": [{"text": "Charlie Chaplin", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many pubs existed on Union Street in the 1930s?", "id": "56df736f5ca0a614008f9a91", "answers": [{"text": "30s", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group famously enjoyed themselves on Union Street?", "id": "56df736f5ca0a614008f9a92", "answers": [{"text": "sailors from the Royal Navy", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Built in 1815, Union Street was at the heart of Plymouth's historical culture. It became known as the servicemen's playground, as it was where sailors from the Royal Navy would seek entertainment of all kinds. During the 1930s, there were 30 pubs and it attracted such performers as Charlie Chaplin to the New Palace Theatre. It is now the late-night hub of Plymouth's entertainment strip, but has a reputation for trouble at closing hours."}], ["Stesen kereta api Plymouth, yang dibuka pada tahun 1877, diuruskan oleh Great Western Railway dan juga melihat kereta api di rangkaian CrossCountry. Stesen-stesen yang lebih kecil dihidangkan oleh kereta api tempatan di Lembah Tamar dan Jalur Utama Cornish. Pertama Great Western telah terbakar baru-baru ini, kerana perkhidmatan kereta api meluas di seluruh barat daya, yang menjejaskan Plymouth sangat. Tiga Ahli Parlimen dari tiga parti politik utama di rantau ini telah melobi bahawa perkhidmatan kereta api sangat penting untuk ekonomi. <> Bilakah stesen kereta api Plymouth dibuka untuk perkhidmatan? || 1877 <> Siapa yang mengendalikan stesen kereta api Plymouth? || Kereta Api Besar Barat <> Bersama Talian Lembah Tamar, perkhidmatan kereta api tempatan yang beroperasi di Plymouth? || Garis Utama Cornish <> Berapa banyak anggota Parlimen serantau yang berhujah untuk kepentingan perkhidmatan kereta api Plymouth? || tiga <> Kereta api dari rangkaian yang kadang-kadang beroperasi dari stesen kereta api Plymouth? || CrossCountry", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Plymouth's railroad station open for service?", "id": "56df712e5ca0a614008f9a4f", "answers": [{"text": "1877", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who runs Plymouth's railroad station?", "id": "56df712e5ca0a614008f9a50", "answers": [{"text": "Great Western Railway", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Tamar Valley Line, what local train service operates in Plymouth?", "id": "56df712e5ca0a614008f9a51", "answers": [{"text": "Cornish Main Line", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many regional MPs have argued for the importance of Plymouth's train service?", "id": "56df712e5ca0a614008f9a52", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Trains from what network sometimes operate out of Plymouth's railroad station?", "id": "56df712e5ca0a614008f9a53", "answers": [{"text": "CrossCountry", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Plymouth railway station, which opened in 1877, is managed by Great Western Railway and also sees trains on the CrossCountry network. Smaller stations are served by local trains on the Tamar Valley Line and Cornish Main Line. First Great Western have come under fire recently, due to widespread rail service cuts across the south-west, which affect Plymouth greatly. Three MPs from the three main political parties in the region have lobbied that the train services are vital to its economy."}], ["58.1% daripada penduduk yang menggambarkan diri mereka dalam pulangan banci 2011 sebagai setidak-tidaknya Kristian dan 0.8% sebagai Muslim dengan semua agama lain diwakili oleh kurang daripada 0.5% setiap satu. Bahagian orang tanpa agama adalah 32.9%; melebihi purata nasional sebanyak 24.7%. 7.1% tidak menyatakan kepercayaan agama mereka. Sejak Banci 2001, bilangan orang Kristian dan Yahudi telah berkurangan (-16% dan -7% masing-masing), sementara semua agama lain telah meningkat dan orang bukan agama telah hampir dua kali ganda bilangannya. <> Sebanyak peratus penduduk Plymouth memanggil diri mereka sebagai Kristian? || 58.1% <> Berapa peratus penduduk Plymouth mengikuti Islam? || 0.8% <> Berapa peratus daripada Plymouth terdiri daripada orang bukan agama? || 32.9% <> Berapa peratus daripada orang di United Kingdom menggambarkan diri mereka sebagai orang yang tidak beragama? || 24.7% <> Apakah peratusan penurunan penduduk Yahudi Plymouth antara 2001 dan 2011? || 7%", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of Plymouth's population call themselves Christian?", "id": "56df730c5ca0a614008f9a7f", "answers": [{"text": "58.1%", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Plymouth residents follow Islam?", "id": "56df730c5ca0a614008f9a80", "answers": [{"text": "0.8%", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Plymouth consists of non-religious people?", "id": "56df730c5ca0a614008f9a81", "answers": [{"text": "32.9%", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of people in the United Kingdom describe themselves as non-religious?", "id": "56df730c5ca0a614008f9a82", "answers": [{"text": "24.7%", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the percentage decline in Jewish residents of Plymouth between 2001 and 2011?", "id": "56df730c5ca0a614008f9a83", "answers": [{"text": "7%", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "58.1% of the population described themselves in the 2011 census return as being at least nominally Christian and 0.8% as Muslim with all other religions represented by less than 0.5% each. The portion of people without a religion is 32.9%; above the national average of 24.7%. 7.1% did not state their religious belief. Since the 2001 Census, the number of Christians and Jews has decreased (-16% and -7% respectively), while all other religions have increased and non-religious people have almost doubled in number."}], ["Plymouth mempunyai kira-kira 150 gereja dan katedral Roman Katolik (1858) berada di Stonehouse. Gereja tertua di bandar ini ialah St Andrew's (Anglican) yang terletak di bahagian atas Royal Parade-ia adalah gereja paroki terbesar di Devon dan telah menjadi tempat berkumpul sejak 800 AD. Kota ini juga termasuk lima gereja Baptis, lebih dari dua gereja Methodist, dan tiga belas gereja Katolik Roman. Pada tahun 1831 perhimpunan Kapten pertama di England, pergerakan orang Kristian Evangelical bukan denominasi konservatif, ditubuhkan di bandar, sehingga Saudara-saudara sering dipanggil Plymouth Brethren, walaupun pergerakan itu tidak bermula secara tempatan. <> Berapa banyak gereja yang terdapat di Plymouth? || 150 <> Pada tahun apakah katedral Katolik Plymouth dibina? || 1858 <> Apa nama gereja tertua di Plymouth? || <<Apa denominasi apakah gereja tertua di Plymouth milik? || Anglican <> Berapa banyak rumah ibadat Methodist wujud di Plymouth? || lebih dua puluh", {"qas": [{"question": "How many churches are present in Plymouth?", "id": "56df72255ca0a614008f9a6b", "answers": [{"text": "150", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Plymouth's Catholic cathedral built?", "id": "56df72255ca0a614008f9a6c", "answers": [{"text": "1858", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the oldest church in Plymouth?", "id": "56df72255ca0a614008f9a6d", "answers": [{"text": "St Andrew's", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What denomination does the oldest church in Plymouth belong to?", "id": "56df72255ca0a614008f9a6e", "answers": [{"text": "Anglican", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Methodist houses of worship exist in Plymouth?", "id": "56df72255ca0a614008f9a6f", "answers": [{"text": "over twenty", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Plymouth has about 150 churches and its Roman Catholic cathedral (1858) is in Stonehouse. The city's oldest church is St Andrew's (Anglican) located at the top of Royal Parade\u2014it is the largest parish church in Devon and has been a site of gathering since AD 800. The city also includes five Baptist churches, over twenty Methodist chapels, and thirteen Roman Catholic churches. In 1831 the first Brethren assembly in England, a movement of conservative non-denominational Evangelical Christians, was established in the city, so that Brethren are often called Plymouth Brethren, although the movement did not begin locally."}], ["Perkhidmatan feri antarabangsa yang biasa disediakan oleh Brittany Ferries beroperasi dari Millbay dengan menggunakan kereta dan penumpang kaki secara langsung ke Perancis (Roscoff) dan Sepanyol (Santander) pada tiga feri, MV Armorique, MV Bretagne dan MV Pont-Aven. Terdapat sebuah feri penumpang antara Stonehouse dan Dusun Cornish Cremyll, yang dipercayai telah beroperasi secara berterusan sejak tahun 1204. Terdapat juga feri pejalan kaki dari Laluan Mayflower ke Gunung Batten, dan alternatif untuk menggunakan Tamar Bridge melalui Torpoint Ferry (kenderaan dan pejalan kaki) di seberang Sungai Tamar. <> Siapa yang mengendalikan feri ke Sepanyol? || Brittany Ferries <> Di mana feri ke Perancis ditamatkan? || Roscoff <> Bersama dengan MV Bretagne dan MV Pont-Aven, feri apa yang beroperasi antara Plymouth dan benua? || MV Armorique <> Sebuah feri penumpang beroperasi di antara Cremyll dan lokasi apa? || Stonehouse <> Bilakah feri Cremyll-Stonehouse mula beroperasi? || 1204", {"qas": [{"question": "Who operates the ferry to Spain?", "id": "56df705556340a1900b29b5a", "answers": [{"text": "Brittany Ferries", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the ferry to France terminate?", "id": "56df705556340a1900b29b5b", "answers": [{"text": "Roscoff", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with MV Bretagne and MV Pont-Aven, what ferry operates between Plymouth and the continent?", "id": "56df705556340a1900b29b5c", "answers": [{"text": "MV Armorique", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A passenger ferry operates between Cremyll and what location?", "id": "56df705556340a1900b29b5d", "answers": [{"text": "Stonehouse", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Cremyll-Stonehouse ferry first operate?", "id": "56df705556340a1900b29b5e", "answers": [{"text": "1204", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A regular international ferry service provided by Brittany Ferries operates from Millbay taking cars and foot passengers directly to France (Roscoff) and Spain (Santander) on the three ferries, MV Armorique, MV Bretagne and MV Pont-Aven. There is a passenger ferry between Stonehouse and the Cornish hamlet of Cremyll, which is believed to have operated continuously since 1204. There is also a pedestrian ferry from the Mayflower Steps to Mount Batten, and an alternative to using the Tamar Bridge via the Torpoint Ferry (vehicle and pedestrian) across the River Tamar."}], ["Terdapat satu projek yang melibatkan pemindahan semula ibu pejabat Majlis Bandaraya Plymouth, pusat sivik, ke lokasi semasa stesen bas Bretonside; ia melibatkan kedua-dua stesen bas dan pusat siber yang dirobohkan dan dibina semula di lokasi dengan tanah dari pusat sivik yang dijual. Cadangan lain termasuk merobohkan arena hiburan Plymouth Pavilions untuk mewujudkan \"boulevard\" terusan yang menghubungkan Millbay ke pusat bandar. Millbay sedang diperbaharui dengan ruang kediaman, runcit dan pejabat bercampur di samping pelabuhan feri. <> Lokasi apa yang dicadangkan untuk rumah ibu pejabat Majlis Bandaraya Plymouth? || stesen bas Bretonside <> Untuk menyambungkan Millbay ke pusat bandar, apa yang perlu dibinasakan? || arena hiburan Plymouth Pavilions <> Apa rantau bandar terletak berhampiran terminal feri? || Millbay", {"qas": [{"question": "What location is proposed for the future home of the Plymouth City Council headquarters?", "id": "56df6e9556340a1900b29b30", "answers": [{"text": "the Bretonside bus station", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To connect Millbay to the city centre, what would need to be destroyed?", "id": "56df6e9556340a1900b29b31", "answers": [{"text": "the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city region is located near a ferry terminal?", "id": "56df6e9556340a1900b29b32", "answers": [{"text": "Millbay", "answer_start": 453}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There is a project involving the future relocation of Plymouth City Council's headquarters, the civic centre, to the current location of the Bretonside bus station; it would involve both the bus station and civic centre being demolished and a rebuilt together at the location with the land from the civic centre being sold off. Other suggestions include the demolition of the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena to create a canal \"boulevard\" linking Millbay to the city centre. Millbay is being regenerated with mixed residential, retail and office space alongside the ferry port."}], ["A38 dual-carriageway berjalan dari timur ke barat di seluruh utara bandar. Di dalam kota ini ditetapkan sebagai 'The Parkway' dan mewakili sempadan antara bahagian bandar dan kawasan pinggir bandar yang lebih baru-baru ini. Berangkat ke timur, ia menghubungkan Plymouth ke lebuh raya M5 kira-kira 40 batu (65 km) jauhnya di Exeter; dan menuju barat ia menghubungkan Cornwall dan Devon melalui Jambatan Tamar. Perkhidmatan bas tetap disediakan oleh Plymouth Citybus, First South West dan Perjalanan Sasaran. Terdapat tiga perkhidmatan Park dan menunggang yang terletak di Milehouse, Coypool (Plympton) dan George Junction (Lapangan Terbang Plymouth City), yang dikendalikan oleh First South West. <> Apa yang dipanggil A38 di dalam bandar Plymouth? || The Parkway <> Dalam batu, sejauh berapa jauh dari Plymouth adakah A38 menyambung ke M5? || 40 <> Jambatan apa yang menghubungkan Cornwall ke Plymouth melalui A38? || Jambatan Tamar <> Apa perkhidmatan taman dan menunggang yang terletak di George Junction? || Lapangan Terbang Plymouth City <> Siapa yang mengendalikan taman Milehouse dan menunggang? || Pertama Selatan Barat", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the A38 called inside the city of Plymouth?", "id": "56df6fe956340a1900b29b48", "answers": [{"text": "The Parkway", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In miles, about how far away from Plymouth does the A38 connect to the M5?", "id": "56df6fe956340a1900b29b49", "answers": [{"text": "40", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What bridge connects Cornwall to Plymouth via the A38?", "id": "56df6fe956340a1900b29b4a", "answers": [{"text": "Tamar Bridge", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What park and ride service is located at George Junction?", "id": "56df6fe956340a1900b29b4b", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth City Airport", "answer_start": 595}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who operates Milehouse park and ride?", "id": "56df6fe956340a1900b29b4c", "answers": [{"text": "First South West", "answer_start": 458}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The A38 dual-carriageway runs from east to west across the north of the city. Within the city it is designated as 'The Parkway' and represents the boundary between the urban parts of the city and the generally more recent suburban areas. Heading east, it connects Plymouth to the M5 motorway about 40 miles (65 km) away near Exeter; and heading west it connects Cornwall and Devon via the Tamar Bridge. Regular bus services are provided by Plymouth Citybus, First South West and Target Travel. There are three Park and ride services located at Milehouse, Coypool (Plympton) and George Junction (Plymouth City Airport), which are operated by First South West."}], ["Kereta api Exeter ke Plymouth dari LSWR perlu dibuka semula untuk menghubungkan Cornwall dan Plymouth ke seluruh sistem keretapi UK dengan semua cuaca. Terdapat cadangan untuk membuka semula garis dari Tavistock ke Bere Alston untuk perkhidmatan melalui Plymouth. Pada malam 4 Februari 2014, di tengah-tengah angin kencang dan laut yang sangat kasar, sebahagian daripada tembok laut di Dawlish dilanggar membasuh sekitar 40 meter (130 kaki) dinding dan balast di bawah keretapi di belakang. Garis ditutup. Rangkaian Rangkaian memulakan kerja pembaikan dan talian dibuka semula pada 4 April 2014. Berikutan gangguan yang meluas disebabkan oleh kerosakan pada laluan utama di Dawlish oleh ribut pantai pada Februari 2014, Rail Rangkaian sedang mempertimbangkan untuk membuka semula Tavistock ke bahagian Okehampton dan Exeter garis sebagai alternatif kepada laluan pantai. <> Pada tarikh apakah tembok laut Dawlish rosak? || 4 Februari 2014 <> Berapa kaki dinding laut Dawlish telah musnah? || 130 <> Selepas tembok laut Dawlish rosak, pada tarikh apakah garis dibuka? || 4 April 2014 <> Dalam bulan dan tahun apakah ribut menjejaskan garis pantai berhampiran Dawlish? || Februari 2014", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the Dawlish sea wall damaged?", "id": "56df71d05ca0a614008f9a59", "answers": [{"text": "4 February 2014", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In feet, how much of the Dawlish sea wall was destroyed?", "id": "56df71d05ca0a614008f9a5a", "answers": [{"text": "130", "answer_start": 414}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After the Dawlish sea wall was damaged, on what date did the line reopen?", "id": "56df71d05ca0a614008f9a5b", "answers": [{"text": "4 April 2014", "answer_start": 566}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month and year did storms affect the coastal line near Dawlish?", "id": "56df71d05ca0a614008f9a5c", "answers": [{"text": "February 2014", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Exeter to Plymouth railway of the LSWR needs to be reopened to connect Cornwall and Plymouth to the rest of the UK railway system on an all weather basis. There are proposals to reopen the line from Tavistock to Bere Alston for a through service to Plymouth. On the night of 4 February 2014, amid high winds and extremely rough seas, part of the sea wall at Dawlish was breached washing away around 40 metres (130 ft) of the wall and the ballast under the railway immediately behind. The line was closed. Network Rail began repair work  and the line reopened on 4 April 2014. In the wake of widespread disruption caused by damage to the mainline track at Dawlish by coastal storms in February 2014, Network Rail are considering reopening the Tavistock to Okehampton and Exeter section of the line as an alternative to the coastal route."}], ["Bandar udara ini adalah Lapangan Terbang Plymouth City kira-kira 4 batu (6 km) di utara pusat bandar. Lapangan terbang itu adalah rumah kepada syarikat penerbangan tempatan Air Southwest, yang mengendalikan penerbangan merentasi United Kingdom dan Ireland. Pada bulan Jun 2003, laporan oleh South West RDA diterbitkan melihat masa depan penerbangan di barat daya dan kemungkinan penutupan lapangan terbang. Ia menyimpulkan bahawa pilihan terbaik untuk barat daya adalah untuk menutup Lapangan Terbang Plymouth City dan memperluaskan Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Exeter dan Lapangan Terbang Newquay Cornwall, walaupun menyimpulkan bahawa ini bukan pilihan terbaik untuk Plymouth. Pada bulan April 2011, ia diumumkan bahawa lapangan terbang akan ditutup, yang dilakukan pada 23 Disember. Bagaimanapun, FlyPlymouth merancang untuk membuka semula lapangan terbang bandar pada 2018, yang akan menyediakan perkhidmatan harian ke pelbagai destinasi termasuk London. <> Apakah lapangan terbang tempatan ditutup pada tahun 2011? || Lapangan Terbang Plymouth City <> Dalam jarak jauh, sejauh mana pusat bandar Plymouth adalah Lapangan Terbang Plymouth City? || 6 <> Pada tahun apakah bandar bandar raya merancang untuk membuka semula? || 2018 <> Siapa yang berhasrat untuk membuka semula Lapangan Terbang Plymouth City? || FlyPlymouth", {"qas": [{"question": "What local airport closed in 2011?", "id": "56df70c65ca0a614008f9a41", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth City Airport", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In kilometers, how far away from the Plymouth city center was Plymouth City Airport?", "id": "56df70c65ca0a614008f9a42", "answers": [{"text": "6", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what year is the city airport planned to reopen?", "id": "56df70c65ca0a614008f9a44", "answers": [{"text": "2018", "answer_start": 739}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who intends to reopen the Plymouth City Airport?", "id": "56df70c65ca0a614008f9a45", "answers": [{"text": "FlyPlymouth", "answer_start": 691}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city's airport was Plymouth City Airport about 4 miles (6 km) north of the city centre. The airport was home to the local airline Air Southwest, which operated flights across the United Kingdom and Ireland. In June 2003, a report by the South West RDA was published looking at the future of aviation in the south-west and the possible closure of airports. It concluded that the best option for the south-west was to close Plymouth City Airport and expand Exeter International Airport and Newquay Cornwall Airport, although it did conclude that this was not the best option for Plymouth. In April 2011, it was announced that the airport would close, which it did on 23 December. However, FlyPlymouth plans to reopen the city airport by 2018, which will provide daily services to various destinations including London."}], ["Plymouth adalah pusat penting untuk sukan air, terutama selam skuba dan belayar. Pelabuhan Plymouth Regatta adalah salah satu regattas tertua di dunia, dan telah diadakan secara kerap sejak 1823. Pada bulan September 2011, Plymouth menjadi tuan rumah Siri Piala Dunia Amerika selama sembilan hari. <> Bilakah Pelabuhan pertama Plymouth Regatta? || 1823 <> Dalam bulan dan tahun berapa Plymouth menjadi tuan rumah kepada Siri Piala Dunia Amerika? || September 2011 <> Berapa hari hari Piala Dunia Siri Amerika berlangsung di Plymouth? || sembilan", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the first Port of Plymouth Regatta?", "id": "56df785856340a1900b29bee", "answers": [{"text": "1823", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month and year did Plymouth play host to the America's Cup World Series?", "id": "56df785856340a1900b29bef", "answers": [{"text": "September 2011", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For how many days did the America's Cup World Series take place in Plymouth?", "id": "56df785856340a1900b29bf0", "answers": [{"text": "nine", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Plymouth is an important centre for watersports, especially scuba diving and sailing. The Port of Plymouth Regatta is one of the oldest regattas in the world, and has been held regularly since 1823. In September 2011, Plymouth hosted the America's Cup World Series for nine days."}], ["Majlis Bandaraya Plymouth bertanggungjawab untuk pengurusan sisa di seluruh bandar dan South West Water bertanggungjawab untuk pembetungan. Elektrik Plymouth dibekalkan dari Grid Nasional dan diedarkan ke Plymouth melalui Pengedaran Kuasa Barat. Di pinggir Plympton stesen gabungan gas-powered station, Langage Power Station, yang mula menghasilkan tenaga elektrik untuk Plymouth pada akhir tahun 2009. <> Apa badan mengendalikan pengurusan sisa di Plymouth? || Majlis Bandaraya Plymouth <> Siapa yang mengawasi pembetung Plymouth? || South West Water <> Siapa yang mengedarkan elektrik di Plymouth? || Pengedaran Kuasa Barat <> Dalam tahun apakah Langage Power Station datang pada baris? || 2009 <> Apa penyelesaiannya adalah Stesen Tenaga Langage yang terletak berhampiran? || Plympton", {"qas": [{"question": "What body handles waste management in Plymouth?", "id": "56df7b3d56340a1900b29c0c", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth City Council", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who oversees Plymouth's sewers?", "id": "56df7b3d56340a1900b29c0d", "answers": [{"text": "South West Water", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who distributes electricity in Plymouth?", "id": "56df7b3d56340a1900b29c0e", "answers": [{"text": "Western Power Distribution", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Langage Power Station come on line?", "id": "56df7b3d56340a1900b29c0f", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 404}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What settlement is Langage Power Station located near?", "id": "56df7b3d56340a1900b29c10", "answers": [{"text": "Plympton", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Plymouth City Council is responsible for waste management throughout the city and South West Water is responsible for sewerage. Plymouth's electricity is supplied from the National Grid and distributed to Plymouth via Western Power Distribution. On the outskirts of Plympton a combined cycle gas-powered station, the Langage Power Station, which started to produce electricity for Plymouth at the end of 2009."}], ["Plymouth dihidangkan oleh Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust dan hospital NHS di bandar ini adalah Hospital Derriford 4 batu (6 km) di utara pusat bandar. Inframerah Mata Diraja terletak di Hospital Derriford. Perkhidmatan Ambulans Barat Selatan NHS Foundation Trust beroperasi di Plymouth dan seluruh barat daya; ibu pejabatnya berada di Exeter. <> Apakah hospital Perkhidmatan Kesihatan Nasional Plymouth? || Hospital Derriford <> Dalam jarak jauh, sejauh mana Hospital Derriford dari pusat bandar Plymouth? || 6 <> Apa klinik penting yang terdapat di Hospital Derriford? || Hospital Mata Diraja <> Organisasi apa yang menyediakan pengangkutan ambulans untuk Plymouth? || Perkhidmatan Ambulans Barat Selatan NHS Foundation Trust <> Di mana Perkhidmatan Ambulans Barat Barat NHS Foundation Trust beribu pejabat? || Exeter", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Plymouth's National Health Service hospital?", "id": "56df7cdc5ca0a614008f9b11", "answers": [{"text": "Derriford Hospital", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In kilometers, how far is Derriford Hospital from the Plymouth city center?", "id": "56df7cdc5ca0a614008f9b12", "answers": [{"text": "6", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What notable clinic is present in Derriford Hospital?", "id": "56df7cdc5ca0a614008f9b13", "answers": [{"text": "Royal Eye Infirmary", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization provides ambulance transport for Plymouth?", "id": "56df7cdc5ca0a614008f9b14", "answers": [{"text": "South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust headquartered?", "id": "56df7cdc5ca0a614008f9b15", "answers": [{"text": "Exeter", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Plymouth is served by Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust and the city's NHS hospital is Derriford Hospital 4 miles (6 km) north of the city centre. The Royal Eye Infirmary is located at Derriford Hospital. South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust operates in Plymouth and the rest of the south west; its headquarters are in Exeter."}], ["Plymouth adalah pusat televisyen serantau BBC South West. Satu pasukan wartawan beribupejabat di Plymouth untuk stesen serantau ITV West Country, setelah penggabungan dengan ITV West memaksa ITV Westcountry ditutup pada 16 Februari 2009. Akhbar-akhbar tempatan yang melayani Plymouth adalah The Herald dan Berita Morning Western dengan Radio Plymouth, BBC Radio Devon, Heart South West, dan Pirate FM menjadi stesen radio tempatan utama. <> Apakah stesen televisyen mempunyai ibu pejabat serantau di Plymouth? || BBC South West <> Apa stesen ITV serantau yang melayani Plymouth? || ITV West Country <> Pada tarikh apa ITV Westcountry berhenti beroperasi? || 16 Februari 2009 <> Dengan mana saluran ITV Westcountry bergabung? || ITV West <> Apa stesen radio BBC beroperasi di Plymouth? || BBC Radio Devon", {"qas": [{"question": "What television station has its regional headquarters in Plymouth?", "id": "56df775f5ca0a614008f9ad1", "answers": [{"text": "BBC South West", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What regional ITV station serves Plymouth?", "id": "56df775f5ca0a614008f9ad2", "answers": [{"text": "ITV West Country", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did ITV Westcountry cease to operate?", "id": "56df775f5ca0a614008f9ad3", "answers": [{"text": "16 February 2009", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With what channel did ITV Westcountry merge?", "id": "56df775f5ca0a614008f9ad4", "answers": [{"text": "ITV West", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What BBC radio station operates in Plymouth?", "id": "56df775f5ca0a614008f9ad5", "answers": [{"text": "BBC Radio Devon", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Plymouth is the regional television centre of BBC South West. A team of journalists are headquartered at Plymouth for the ITV West Country regional station, after a merger with ITV West forced ITV Westcountry to close on 16 February 2009. The main local newspapers serving Plymouth are The Herald and Western Morning News with Radio Plymouth , BBC Radio Devon, Heart South West , and Pirate FM being the main local radio stations."}], ["Perkhidmatan Mahkamah Kebesarannya memberikan Mahkamah Majistret dan Mahkota Gabungan dan Mahkamah County di bandar. Polis Plymouth Borough, yang dibentuk pada tahun 1836, akhirnya menjadi sebahagian daripada Konvensyen Devon dan Cornwall. Terdapat balai polis di Charles Cross dan Crownhill (Bahagian Perbandaran) dan stesen-stesen kecil di Plympton dan Plymstock. Bandar ini mempunyai salah satu pejabat Divisyen Perkhidmatan Pendakwaan Kawasan Devon dan Cornwall. Plymouth mempunyai lima stesen kebakaran yang terletak di Ketua Camel, Crownhill, Greenbank, Plympton dan Plymstock yang merupakan sebahagian daripada Perkhidmatan Kebakaran dan Penyelamat Devon dan Somerset. Institusi Lifeboat Kebangsaan Diraja mempunyai lif penyelamat kelas 85 Atlantik dan Lifeboat kelas Severn yang ditempatkan di Millbay Docks. <> Bilakah Polis Plymouth Borough mula beroperasi? || 1836 <> Di mana ibu pejabat divisi polis terletak? || Crownhill <> Berapa banyak stesen api yang ada di Plymouth? || lima <> Di mana di Plymouth adalah Institusi Lifeboat Kebangsaan Diraja? || Millbay Docks <> Organisasi apa yang Plymouth Borough Police sebahagian daripada? || Devon dan Cornwall Constabulary", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Plymouth Borough Police begin operation?", "id": "56df7c9a56340a1900b29c1e", "answers": [{"text": "1836", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the police divisional headquarters located?", "id": "56df7c9a56340a1900b29c1f", "answers": [{"text": "Crownhill", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many fire stations are present in Plymouth?", "id": "56df7c9a56340a1900b29c20", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 445}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where in Plymouth is the Royal National Lifeboat Institution based?", "id": "56df7c9a56340a1900b29c21", "answers": [{"text": "Millbay Docks", "answer_start": 709}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization is the Plymouth Borough Police a part of?", "id": "56df7c9a56340a1900b29c22", "answers": [{"text": "Devon and Cornwall Constabulary", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Her Majesty's Courts Service provide a Magistrates' Court and a Combined Crown and County Court in the city. The Plymouth Borough Police, formed in 1836, eventually became part of Devon and Cornwall Constabulary. There are police stations at Charles Cross and Crownhill (the Divisional HQ) and smaller stations at Plympton and Plymstock. The city has one of the Devon and Cornwall Area Crown Prosecution Service Divisional offices. Plymouth has five fire stations located in Camel's Head, Crownhill, Greenbank, Plympton and Plymstock which is part of Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service. The Royal National Lifeboat Institution have an Atlantic 85 class lifeboat and Severn class lifeboat stationed at Millbay Docks."}], ["Acara dan perayaan luar diadakan termasuk Kejohanan Bunga Api British tahunan pada bulan Ogos, yang menarik puluhan ribu orang di kawasan pantai. Pada bulan Ogos 2006 rekod dunia untuk jumlah bunga kembang api yang serentak telah diatasi, oleh Roy Lowry dari University of Plymouth, ke atas Plymouth Sound. Sejak tahun 1992 Muzik Malam telah dilakukan di Royal Citadel oleh 29 Komando Komando dan penghibur tempatan untuk mendapatkan wang untuk amal tempatan dan ketenteraan. <> Apa peristiwa yang penting berlaku setiap Ogos? || Kejohanan Fireworks British <> Dalam bulan dan tahun apakah rekod dunia untuk kembang api serentak pecah? || Ogos 2006 <> Siapa yang memecahkan rekod dunia untuk bunga api serentak? || Roy Lowry <> Institusi apa yang dilakukan oleh Roy Lowry? || University of Plymouth <> Dalam tahun apakah Muzik Muzik bermula? || 1992", {"qas": [{"question": "What notable event occurs each August?", "id": "56df73c156340a1900b29b98", "answers": [{"text": "British Firework Championships", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month and year was the world record for simultaneous fireworks broken?", "id": "56df73c156340a1900b29b99", "answers": [{"text": "August 2006", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who broke the world record for simultaneous fireworks?", "id": "56df73c156340a1900b29b9a", "answers": [{"text": "Roy Lowry", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What institution did Roy Lowry work for?", "id": "56df73c156340a1900b29b9b", "answers": [{"text": "University of Plymouth", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Music of the Night begin?", "id": "56df73c156340a1900b29b9c", "answers": [{"text": "1992", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Outdoor events and festivals are held including the annual British Firework Championships in August, which attracts tens of thousands of people across the waterfront. In August 2006 the world record for the most amount of simultaneous fireworks was surpassed, by Roy Lowry of the University of Plymouth, over Plymouth Sound. Since 1992 the Music of the Night has been performed in the Royal Citadel by the 29 Commando Regiment and local performers to raise money for local and military charities."}], ["Teater utama di bandar ini ialah Teater Diraja (kapasiti 1,315), Teater Drum (200 kapasiti), dan pusat pembelajaran pengeluaran dan kreatifnya, The TR2. Plymouth Pavilions mempunyai pelbagai kegunaan untuk konsert muzik panggung bandar, pertandingan bola keranjang dan komedi berdiri. Terdapat juga tiga pawagam: Pawagam Reel di Derrys Cross, Plymouth Arts Centre di Looe Street dan pawagam Vue di Barbican Leisure Park. Muzium dan Galeri Seni Plymouth City dikendalikan oleh Majlis Bandaraya Plymouth membenarkan kemasukan percuma - ia mempunyai enam galeri. Plymouth Athenaeum, yang termasuk perpustakaan minat tempatan, adalah sebuah masyarakat yang berdedikasi untuk mempromosikan pembelajaran dalam bidang sains, teknologi, kesusasteraan dan seni. Dari tahun 1961 hingga 2009 ia juga menempatkan teater. <> Berapa ramai yang boleh muat di Teater Diraja? || 1,315 <> Apakah kapasiti Drum Theatre? || 200 <> Apakah kos kemasukan ke Muzium dan Galeri Seni Plymouth City? || percuma <> Berapa banyak galeri hadir di Muzium Plymouth City dan Galeri Seni? || enam <> Bilakah teater di Plymouth Athenaeum ditutup? || 2009", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people can fit in the Theatre Royal?", "id": "56df76f356340a1900b29bbc", "answers": [{"text": "1,315", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the capacity of Drum Theatre?", "id": "56df76f356340a1900b29bbd", "answers": [{"text": "200", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the cost of admission to the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery?", "id": "56df76f356340a1900b29bbe", "answers": [{"text": "free", "answer_start": 503}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many galleries are present in the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery?", "id": "56df76f356340a1900b29bbf", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 527}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the theater in the Plymouth Athenaeum close?", "id": "56df76f356340a1900b29bc0", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 730}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city's main theatres are the Theatre Royal (1,315 capacity), its Drum Theatre (200 capacity), and its production and creative learning centre, The TR2. The Plymouth Pavilions has multiple uses for the city staging music concerts, basketball matches and stand-up comedy. There are also three cinemas: Reel Cinema at Derrys Cross, Plymouth Arts Centre at Looe Street and a Vue cinema at the Barbican Leisure Park. The Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery is operated by Plymouth City Council allowing free admission \u2013 it has six galleries. The Plymouth Athenaeum, which includes a local interest library, is a society dedicated to the promotion of learning in the fields of science, technology, literature and art. From 1961 to 2009 it also housed a theatre."}], ["Plymouth adalah rumah kepada Plymouth Argyle F.C., yang bermain di peringkat keempat liga bola sepak Inggeris yang dikenali sebagai Liga Bola Sepak Dua. Tempat asal pasukan ini dipanggil Home Park dan terletak di Central Park. Ia menghubungkan dirinya dengan kumpulan non-konformis Inggeris yang meninggalkan Plymouth untuk Dunia Baru pada tahun 1620: nama panggilannya adalah \"The Pilgrims\". Bandar ini juga mempunyai empat kelab bola sepak bukan Liga; Plymouth Parkway F.C. yang bermain di Bolitho Park, Elburton Villa F.C. yang bermain di Haye Road, Vospers Oak Villa F.C. yang bermain di Weston Mill dan Plymstock United F.C. yang bermain di Deans Cross. Semua empat kelab bermain di Liga Selatan Selatan. <> Apa pasukan liga bola sepak terletak di Plymouth? || Plymouth Argyle F.C. <> Tahap liga bola sepak apakah Plymouth Argyle F.C. beroperasi? || Liga Bola Sepak Dua <> Apakah bidang rumah Plymouth Argyle F.C.? || Home Park <> Apa nama panggilan Plymouth Argyle F.C.? || The Pilgrims <> Apa pasukan bermain permainan rumah di Weston Mill? || Vospers Oak Villa F.C.", {"qas": [{"question": "What football league team is located in Plymouth?", "id": "56df77c85ca0a614008f9ae5", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth Argyle F.C.", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What level of the football league does Plymouth Argyle F.C. operate in?", "id": "56df77c85ca0a614008f9ae6", "answers": [{"text": "Football League Two", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the home field of Plymouth Argyle F.C.?", "id": "56df77c85ca0a614008f9ae7", "answers": [{"text": "Home Park", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the nickname of Plymouth Argyle F.C.?", "id": "56df77c85ca0a614008f9ae8", "answers": [{"text": "The Pilgrims", "answer_start": 323}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What team plays its home games at Weston Mill?", "id": "56df77c85ca0a614008f9ae9", "answers": [{"text": "Vospers Oak Villa F.C.", "answer_start": 479}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Plymouth is home to Plymouth Argyle F.C., who play in the fourth tier of English football league known as Football League Two. The team's home ground is called Home Park and is located in Central Park. It links itself with the group of English non-conformists that left Plymouth for the New World in 1620: its nickname is \"The Pilgrims\". The city also has four Non-League football clubs; Plymouth Parkway F.C. who play at Bolitho Park, Elburton Villa F.C. who play at Haye Road, Vospers Oak Villa F.C. who play at Weston Mill and Plymstock United F.C. who play at Deans Cross. All four clubs play in the South West Peninsula League."}], ["Sejak tahun 1973 Plymouth telah dibekalkan air oleh South West Water. Sebelum tahun 1973 mengambil alih itu dibekalkan oleh Perbadanan Plymouth County Borough. Sebelum abad ke-19 dua pertumpahan telah dibina untuk menyediakan air minuman untuk bandar. Mereka membawa air dari Dartmoor ke Plymouth. Sebuah saluran air, dikenali sebagai Plymouth atau Leake Drake, dibuka pada 24 April 1591 untuk mengetuk Sungai Meavy. Devonport Leat telah dibina untuk membawa air minuman segar ke bandar Devonport yang berkembang pesat dan kebunnya yang semakin berkembang. Ia diberi makan oleh tiga sungai Dartmoor: Dart Barat, Cowsic dan Blackabrook. Nampaknya telah membawa air sejak tahun 1797, tetapi ia secara rasmi selesai pada 1801. Ia pada asalnya direka untuk membawa air ke bandar Devonport, tetapi sejak itu telah dipendekkan dan kini membawa air ke Burrator Reservoir, yang memberi makan kebanyakan bekalan air Plymouth. Burrator Reservoir terletak kira-kira 5 km (8 km) ke utara bandar dan dibina pada tahun 1898 dan berkembang pada tahun 1928. <P> Ketika Plymouth mula menerima air dari South West Water? || 1973 <> Siapa yang menyediakan air Plymouth sebelum tahun 1973? || Plymouth County Borough Corporation <> Bilakah Drake's Leat dibuka? || 24 April 1591 <> Dari mana Drake's Leat menarik air? || Sungai Meavy <> Kapan selesai pembinaan di Devonport Leat? || 1801", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Plymouth begin receiving water from South West Water?", "id": "56df7abd56340a1900b29c02", "answers": [{"text": "1973", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who provided Plymouth's water prior to 1973?", "id": "56df7abd56340a1900b29c03", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth County Borough Corporation", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Drake's Leat open?", "id": "56df7abd56340a1900b29c04", "answers": [{"text": "24 April 1591", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From where did Drake's Leat draw water?", "id": "56df7abd56340a1900b29c05", "answers": [{"text": "River Meavy", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did construction finish on Devonport Leat?", "id": "56df7abd56340a1900b29c06", "answers": [{"text": "1801", "answer_start": 682}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Since 1973 Plymouth has been supplied water by South West Water. Prior to the 1973 take over it was supplied by Plymouth County Borough Corporation. Before the 19th century two leats were built in order to provide drinking water for the town. They carried water from Dartmoor to Plymouth. A watercourse, known as Plymouth or Drake's Leat, was opened on 24 April 1591 to tap the River Meavy. The Devonport Leat was constructed to carry fresh drinking water to the expanding town of Devonport and its ever growing dockyard. It was fed by three Dartmoor rivers: The West Dart, Cowsic and Blackabrook. It seems to have been carrying water since 1797, but it was officially completed in 1801. It was originally designed to carry water to Devonport town, but has since been shortened and now carries water to Burrator Reservoir, which feeds most of the water supply of Plymouth. Burrator Reservoir is located about 5 miles (8 km) north of the city and was constructed in 1898 and expanded in 1928."}], ["Kelab sukan lain termasuk Plymouth Albion R.F.C. dan kelab bola keranjang Plymouth Raiders. Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club adalah sebuah kelab rugby union yang ditubuhkan pada tahun 1875 dan kini bersaing di peringkat ketiga Rugby Professional English. Mereka bermain di Brickfields. Plymouth Raiders bermain di Liga Bola Keranjang British - bahagian atas bola keranjang British. Mereka bermain di arena hiburan Plymouth Pavilions dan ditubuhkan pada tahun 1983. Kelab kriket Plymouth dibentuk pada tahun 1843, semasa bermain XI 1 pada Devon Premier League. Plymouth Devils adalah pasukan speedway dalam Liga Perdana Inggeris. Plymouth adalah rumah kepada kelab bola sepak Amerika, Plymouth Admirals sehingga 2010. Plymouth juga adalah rumah kepada Plymouth Marjons Hockey Club, dengan kali ke-1 mereka bermain di Liga Kebangsaan musim lalu. <> Apa pasukan kesatuan ragbi yang berpusat di Plymouth? || Plymouth Albion R.F.C. <> Apa pasukan Liga Bola Keranjang British memanggil rumah Plymouth? || Plymouth Raiders <> Ketika Plymouth Albion R.F.C. diasaskan? || 1875 <> Di manakah Plymouth Raiders memainkan permainan rumah mereka? || Plymouth Pavilions <> Bilakah Plymouth Raiders dirasmikan? || 1983", {"qas": [{"question": "What rugby union team is based in Plymouth?", "id": "56df782356340a1900b29be4", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth Albion R.F.C.", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What British Basketball League team calls Plymouth home?", "id": "56df782356340a1900b29be5", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth Raiders", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Plymouth Albion R.F.C. founded?", "id": "56df782356340a1900b29be6", "answers": [{"text": "1875", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do the Plymouth Raiders play their home games?", "id": "56df782356340a1900b29be7", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth Pavilions", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the Plymouth Raiders inaugurated?", "id": "56df782356340a1900b29be8", "answers": [{"text": "1983", "answer_start": 452}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Other sports clubs include Plymouth Albion R.F.C. and the Plymouth Raiders basketball club. Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club that was founded in 1875 and are currently competing in the third tier of Professional English Rugby . They play at the Brickfields. Plymouth Raiders play in the British Basketball League \u2013 the top tier of British basketball. They play at the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena and were founded in 1983. Plymouth cricket club was formed in 1843, the current 1st XI play in the Devon Premier League. Plymouth Devils are a speedway team in the British Premier League. Plymouth was home to an American football club, the Plymouth Admirals until 2010. Plymouth is also home to Plymouth Marjons Hockey Club, with their 1st XI playing in the National League last season."}], ["Di pinggir utara bandar, Crownhill Fort adalah contoh dipulihkan dengan baik dari \"Palmerston's Folly\". Ia dimiliki oleh Landmark Trust dan terbuka kepada orang ramai. <> Struktur apa yang disebut sebagai \"Palmerston's Folly\"? || Fort Crownhill <> Dalam arah kardinal apakah Fort Crownhill terletak di luar bandar? || utara <> yang menjalankan Fort Crownhill? || Trust Trust", {"qas": [{"question": "What structure was referred to as a \"Palmerston's Folly\"?", "id": "56df7f755ca0a614008f9b61", "answers": [{"text": "Crownhill Fort", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what cardinal direction is Crownhill Fort located outside the city?", "id": "56df7f755ca0a614008f9b62", "answers": [{"text": "north", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who runs Crownhill Fort?", "id": "56df7f755ca0a614008f9b63", "answers": [{"text": "the Landmark Trust", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On the northern outskirts of the city, Crownhill Fort is a well restored example of a \"Palmerston's Folly\". It is owned by the Landmark Trust and is open to the public."}], ["Di barat bandar adalah Devonport, salah satu tempat bersejarah Plymouth. Sebagai sebahagian daripada projek pertumbuhan semula milenium Devonport, Trail Warisan Devonport telah diperkenalkan, lengkap dengan lebih daripada 70 penunjuk jalan yang menggariskan laluan. <> Di mana arahan kardinal di luar Plymouth terletak di Devonport? || barat <> Berapa banyak penunjuk arah yang ada di Trail Warisan Devonport? || lebih daripada 70", {"qas": [{"question": "In what cardinal direction outside Plymouth is Devonport located?", "id": "56df80585ca0a614008f9b77", "answers": [{"text": "west", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many waymarkers are present on the Devonport Heritage Trail?", "id": "56df80585ca0a614008f9b78", "answers": [{"text": "over 70", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "To the west of the city is Devonport, one of Plymouth's historic quarters. As part of Devonport's millennium regeneration project, the Devonport Heritage Trail has been introduced, complete with over 70 waymarkers outlining the route."}], ["Orang dari Plymouth dikenali sebagai Plymothians atau kurang formal sebagai Janners. Maksudnya digambarkan sebagai orang dari Devon, yang berasal dari Cousin Jan (bentuk Devon John), tetapi lebih khusus dalam kalangan angkatan laut dari siapa pun dari kawasan Plymouth. <> Apa yang dipanggil penduduk Plymouth? || Plymothians <> Apa istilah lazim digunakan untuk penduduk Plymouth? || Janners <> Selepas apa angka bernama Janners? || Sepupu Jan <> Di Devon, Jan adalah satu lagi cara untuk menyebutkan nama Inggeris biasa? || John", {"qas": [{"question": "What are Plymouth residents commonly called?", "id": "56df81675ca0a614008f9ba7", "answers": [{"text": "Plymothians", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What colloquial term is used for Plymouth residents?", "id": "56df81685ca0a614008f9ba8", "answers": [{"text": "Janners", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After what figure are Janners named?", "id": "56df81685ca0a614008f9ba9", "answers": [{"text": "Cousin Jan", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Devon, Jan is another way of saying what common English name?", "id": "56df81685ca0a614008f9baa", "answers": [{"text": "John", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "People from Plymouth are known as Plymothians or less formally as Janners. Its meaning is described as a person from Devon, deriving from Cousin Jan (the Devon form of John), but more particularly in naval circles anyone from the Plymouth area."}], ["Plymouth sering digunakan sebagai pangkalan oleh pelawat ke Dartmoor, Lembah Tamar dan pantai-pantai tenggara Cornwall. Kingsand, Cawsand dan Whitsand Bay adalah popular. <> Pelawat ke pantai rantau apa yang sering berhenti di Plymouth? || timur laut Cornwall <> Bersama dengan Whitsand Bay dan Cawsand, apa kawasan pantai Plymouth yang popular dengan pelancong? || Kingsand <> Pelawat ke lembah tempatan sering berhenti di Plymouth? || Lembah Tamar", {"qas": [{"question": "Visitors to what region's beaches often stop at Plymouth?", "id": "56df80a656340a1900b29c6c", "answers": [{"text": "south-east Cornwall", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Whitsand Bay and Cawsand, what Plymouth-area beaches are popular with tourists?", "id": "56df80a656340a1900b29c6d", "answers": [{"text": "Kingsand", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Visitors to what local valley often stop over in Plymouth?", "id": "56df80a656340a1900b29c6e", "answers": [{"text": "Tamar Valley", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Plymouth is often used as a base by visitors to Dartmoor, the Tamar Valley and the beaches of south-east Cornwall. Kingsand, Cawsand and Whitsand Bay are popular."}], ["Bangunan Roland Levinsky, bangunan mercu tanda Universiti Plymouth, terletak di kawasan pusat bandar. Direka oleh arkitek terkemuka Henning Larsen, bangunan itu dibuka pada tahun 2008 dan menempatkan fakulti Seni Universiti. Ia telah secara konsisten dianggap sebagai salah satu bangunan universiti yang paling indah di UK. <> Siapa yang merancang bangunan Roland Levinsky? || Henning Larsen <> Bilakah bangunan Roland Levinsky dibuka? || 2008 <> Daripada universiti apa yang Roland Levinsky membina sebahagian? || University of Plymouth <> Apa disiplin akademik di universiti yang berpusat di bangunan Roland Levinsky? || Seni <> Apa bahagian Plymouth adalah bangunan Roland Levinsky yang terletak di? || suku tengah bandar ini", {"qas": [{"question": "Who designed the Roland Levinsky building?", "id": "56df81045ca0a614008f9b95", "answers": [{"text": "Henning Larsen", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Roland Levinsky building open?", "id": "56df81045ca0a614008f9b96", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of what university is the Roland Levinsky building a part?", "id": "56df81045ca0a614008f9b97", "answers": [{"text": "University of Plymouth", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What academic discipline at the university is based in the Roland Levinsky building?", "id": "56df81045ca0a614008f9b98", "answers": [{"text": "Arts", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of Plymouth is the Roland Levinsky building situated in?", "id": "56df81045ca0a614008f9b99", "answers": [{"text": "the city's central quarter", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Roland Levinsky building, the landmark building of the University of Plymouth, is located in the city's central quarter. Designed by leading architect Henning Larsen, the building was opened in 2008 and houses the University's Arts faculty. It has been consistently considered one of the UK's most beautiful university buildings."}], ["Tanah perkuburan abad pertengahan ke-19 di Perkuburan Ford Park dibuka semula pada tahun 2007 oleh kepercayaan yang berjaya dan majlis Bandaraya mengendalikan dua kuburan awal awal abad ke-20 di Weston Mill dan Efford baik dengan crematoria dan kapel. Terdapat juga tanah perkuburan persendirian di pinggir kota, Drake Memorial Park yang tidak membenarkan batu nisan untuk menandakan kubur, tetapi plak tembaga diikat ke tanah. <> Bilakah kuburan Ford Park dibuka semula? || 2007 <> Bersama Efford, di mana lagi, Majlis Bandar Plymouth mengendalikan sebuah perkuburan? || Weston Mill <> Apakah nama pemakaman swasta di Plymouth? || Drake Memorial Park <> Sebagai pengganti kepala batu, penanda kubur apa yang digunakan di Drake Memorial Park? || plak kuningan <> Kapan pemakaman Ford Park pertama beroperasi? || pertengahan abad ke-19", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Ford Park Cemetery reopen?", "id": "56df7e625ca0a614008f9b41", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Efford, where else does the Plymouth City Council operate a cemetery?", "id": "56df7e625ca0a614008f9b42", "answers": [{"text": "Weston Mill", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the private cemetery in Plymouth?", "id": "56df7e625ca0a614008f9b43", "answers": [{"text": "Drake Memorial Park", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In lieu of headstones, what grave markers are used at Drake Memorial Park?", "id": "56df7e625ca0a614008f9b44", "answers": [{"text": "a brass plaque", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Ford Park Cemetery first operate?", "id": "56df7e625ca0a614008f9b45", "answers": [{"text": "mid-19th century", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The mid-19th century burial ground at Ford Park Cemetery was reopened in 2007 by a successful trust and the City council operate two large early 20th century cemeteries at Weston Mill and Efford both with crematoria and chapels. There is also a privately owned cemetery on the outskirts of the city, Drake Memorial Park which does not allow headstones to mark graves, but a brass plaque set into the ground."}], ["Penyelesaian pelabuhan awal Plymouth, yang disebut \"Sutton\", menghampiri kawasan yang sekarang disebut Barbican dan memiliki 100 bangunan tersenarai dan kepekatan terbesar jalan-jalan berbatu di Inggris. Bapa-bapa Pilgrim pergi ke Dunia Baru pada tahun 1620 berhampiran dengan langkah-langkah Mayflower di Sutton Pool. Juga di Sutton Pool adalah National Marine Aquarium yang memaparkan 400 spesis marin dan termasuk tangki akuarium Britain yang paling dalam. <> Apa nama pelabuhan yang pernah terletak di tanah yang diduduki oleh Plymouth sekarang ini? || Sutton <> Bilakah bapa-bapa Pilgrim meninggalkan Plymouth untuk Amerika? || 1620 <> Tugu apa yang memperingati pemergian bapa-bapa Pilgrim? || Mayflower Steps <> Berapa banyak spesies marin yang terdapat di Aquarium Marin Negara? || 400 <> Berapa banyak bangunan tersenarai yang terdapat di kawasan Barbican? || 100", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the port once situated on the land occupied by present day Plymouth?", "id": "56df7f4056340a1900b29c3a", "answers": [{"text": "Sutton", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Pilgrim Fathers depart Plymouth for the Americas?", "id": "56df7f4056340a1900b29c3b", "answers": [{"text": "1620", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What monument commemorates the departure of the Pilgrim Fathers?", "id": "56df7f4056340a1900b29c3c", "answers": [{"text": "Mayflower Steps", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many marine species are present at the National Marine Aquarium?", "id": "56df7f4056340a1900b29c3d", "answers": [{"text": "400", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many listed buildings are present in the Barbican area?", "id": "56df7f4056340a1900b29c3e", "answers": [{"text": "100", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The early port settlement of Plymouth, called \"Sutton\", approximates to the area now referred to as the Barbican and has 100 listed buildings and the largest concentration of cobbled streets in Britain. The Pilgrim Fathers left for the New World in 1620 near the commemorative Mayflower Steps in Sutton Pool. Also on Sutton Pool is the National Marine Aquarium which displays 400 marine species and includes Britain's deepest aquarium tank."}], ["Selepas Perang Saudara Inggeris Royal Citadel dibina pada tahun 1666 di hujung timur Plymouth Hoe, untuk mempertahankan pelabuhan dari serangan tentera laut, menindas Plymothian Parliamenting leanings dan melatih angkatan bersenjata. Lawatan berpandu disediakan pada bulan-bulan musim panas. Selanjutnya West adalah Menara Smeaton, yang dibina pada tahun 1759 sebagai sebuah rumah api di batu 14 kilometer (23 km) dari pantai, tetapi dibongkar dan dua pertiga teratas dibina semula pada Hoe pada tahun 1877. Ia terbuka kepada orang ramai dan mempunyai pandangan ke atas Plymouth Bunyi dan bandar dari bilik tanglung. Plymouth mempunyai 20 peringatan perang yang mana sembilan di The Hoe termasuk: Plymouth Naval Memorial, untuk mengenang mereka yang terbunuh dalam World Wars I dan II, dan Memorial Armada, untuk memperingati kekalahan Armada Sepanyol. <> Dalam tahun apakah Kerajaan Citadel dibina? || 1666 <> Selepas berlakunya konflik apakah Kerajaan Citadel dibina? || Perang Saudara Inggeris <> Bilakah Smeaton's Tower pertama dibina? || 1759 <> Dalam jarak kilometer, sejauh mana pantai Smeaton's Tower dibina? || 23 <> Peringatan apa yang memperingati kemenangan tentera laut ke Armada Sepanyol? || Memorial Armada", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was the Royal Citadel constructed?", "id": "56df7edd56340a1900b29c2e", "answers": [{"text": "1666", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the wake of what conflict was the Royal Citadel built?", "id": "56df7edd56340a1900b29c2f", "answers": [{"text": "English Civil War", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Smeaton's Tower first constructed?", "id": "56df7edd56340a1900b29c30", "answers": [{"text": "1759", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In kilometers, how far off the coast was Smeaton's Tower originally built?", "id": "56df7edd56340a1900b29c31", "answers": [{"text": "23", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What memorial commemorates the naval victory over the Spanish Armada?", "id": "56df7edd56340a1900b29c32", "answers": [{"text": "Armada Memorial", "answer_start": 686}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After the English Civil War the Royal Citadel was built in 1666 on the east end of Plymouth Hoe, to defend the port from naval attacks, suppress Plymothian Parliamentary leanings and to train the armed forces. Guided tours are available in the summer months. Further west is Smeaton's Tower, which was built in 1759 as a lighthouse on rocks 14 miles (23 km) off shore, but dismantled and the top two thirds rebuilt on the Hoe in 1877. It is open to the public and has views over the Plymouth Sound and the city from the lantern room. Plymouth has 20 war memorials of which nine are on The Hoe including: Plymouth Naval Memorial, to remember those killed in World Wars I and II, and the Armada Memorial, to commemorate the defeat of the Spanish Armada."}], ["Penjelajah Antartika Robert Falcon Scott dan Frank Bickerton kedua-duanya tinggal di bandar. Artis termasuk Beryl Cook yang lukisannya menggambarkan budaya Plymouth dan Robert Lenkiewicz, lukisannya menyiasat tema kegilaan, tingkah laku seksual dan bunuh diri, tinggal di bandar dari tahun 1960-an hingga kematiannya pada tahun 2002. Illustrator dan pencipta siri kanak-kanak Encik Benn dan Raja Rollo, David McKee, dilahirkan dan dibesarkan di South Devon dan dilatih di Plymouth College of Art. Pemuzik Jazz John Surman, yang dilahirkan di Tavistock berdekatan, mempunyai hubungan rapat dengan kawasan itu, yang dibuktikan oleh albumnya di Saltash Bells 2012. The avant garde yang menyiapkan gitaris Keith Rowe dilahirkan di bandar itu sebelum menubuhkan band improvisasi jazz percuma AMM di London pada tahun 1965 dan MIMEO pada tahun 1997. Pengarah muzik dan filem Cosmo Jarvis telah tinggal di beberapa bandar di South Devon dan telah memfilkan video dan sekitar Plymouth. Di samping itu, pelakon Sir Donald Sinden dan Judi Trott. George Passmore dari pasangan Turner Prize yang memenangi Gilbert dan George dilahirkan di kota ini, seperti ahli politik Buruh Michael Foot yang keluarganya tinggal di Istana Trematon yang berdekatan. <> Seniman apa yang meninggal di Plymouth pada tahun 2002? || Robert Lenkiewicz <> Di manakah pencipta Benn dan King Rollo belajar? || Plymouth College of Art <> Apakah genre musik yang dimainkan John Surman? || Jazz <> Apakah angka tempatan dimainkan dalam band AMM dan MIMEO? || Keith Rowe <> Di mana keluarga Michael Foot tinggal? || Istana Trematon", {"qas": [{"question": "What artist died in Plymouth in 2002?", "id": "56df827c56340a1900b29c98", "answers": [{"text": "Robert Lenkiewicz", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the creator of Mr Benn and King Rollo study?", "id": "56df827c56340a1900b29c99", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth College of Art", "answer_start": 454}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre of music does John Surman play?", "id": "56df827c56340a1900b29c9a", "answers": [{"text": "Jazz", "answer_start": 479}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What local figure played in the bands AMM and MIMEO?", "id": "56df827c56340a1900b29c9b", "answers": [{"text": "Keith Rowe", "answer_start": 645}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do the family of Michael Foot live?", "id": "56df827c56340a1900b29c9c", "answers": [{"text": "Trematon Castle", "answer_start": 1110}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Antarctic explorers Robert Falcon Scott and Frank Bickerton both lived in the city. Artists include Beryl Cook whose paintings depict the culture of Plymouth and Robert Lenkiewicz, whose paintings investigated themes of vagrancy, sexual behaviour and suicide, lived in the city from the 1960s until his death in 2002. Illustrator and creator of children's series Mr Benn and King Rollo, David McKee, was born and brought up in South Devon and trained at Plymouth College of Art. Jazz musician John Surman, born in nearby Tavistock, has close connections to the area, evidenced by his 2012 album Saltash Bells. The avant garde prepared guitarist Keith Rowe was born in the city before establishing the jazz free improvisation band AMM in London in 1965 and MIMEO in 1997. The musician and film director Cosmo Jarvis has lived in several towns in South Devon and has filmed videos in and around Plymouth. In addition, actors Sir Donald Sinden and Judi Trott. George Passmore of Turner Prize winning duo Gilbert and George was born in the city, as was Labour politician Michael Foot whose family reside at nearby Trematon Castle."}], ["Navigator Elizabeth, Sir Francis Drake dilahirkan di bandar berhampiran Tavistock dan merupakan datuk bandar Plymouth. Beliau adalah orang Inggeris pertama yang mengangkut dunia dan dikenali oleh orang Sepanyol sebagai El Draco yang bermaksud \"The Dragon\" selepas dia menyerbu banyak kapal mereka. Beliau meninggal dunia akibat disentri pada tahun 1596 di luar pantai Puerto Rico. Pada tahun 2002 sebuah misi untuk memulihkan tubuhnya dan membawanya ke Plymouth telah dibenarkan oleh Kementerian Pertahanan. Sepupunya dan John Hawkins kontemporari adalah seorang lelaki Plymouth. Painter Sir Joshua Reynolds, pengasas dan presiden pertama Royal Academy dilahirkan dan berpendidikan di Plympton, yang sekarang menjadi sebahagian dari Plymouth. William Cookworthy yang dilahirkan di Kingsbridge menubuhkan perniagaan porselen yang berjaya di bandar itu dan merupakan kawan rapat John Smeaton pereka Eddystone Lighthouse. Pada 26 Januari 1786, Benjamin Robert Haydon, pelukis Inggeris yang pakar dalam gambar-gambar besar, dilahirkan di sini. Ahli naturalis Dr William Elford Leach FRS, yang banyak melakukan perjalanan di Britain untuk Charles Darwin, dilahirkan di Hoe Gate pada 1791. <> Apa tempat kelahiran Sir Francis Drake? || Tavistock <> Apa nama panggilan Sepanyol Sir Francis Drake? || El Draco <> Pada tahun apakah Sir Francis Drake mati? || 1596 <> Apa sebab kematian Sir Francis Drake? || disentri <> Apa artis terkenal dan ahli akademik Diraja dilahirkan di Plympton? || Sir Joshua Reynolds", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the birthplace of Sir Francis Drake?", "id": "56df81eb5ca0a614008f9bbd", "answers": [{"text": "Tavistock", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Spanish nickname Sir Francis Drake?", "id": "56df81eb5ca0a614008f9bbe", "answers": [{"text": "El Draco", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Sir Francis Drake die?", "id": "56df81eb5ca0a614008f9bbf", "answers": [{"text": "1596", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Sir Francis Drake's cause of death?", "id": "56df81eb5ca0a614008f9bc0", "answers": [{"text": "dysentery", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What notable artist and Royal Academician was born in Plympton?", "id": "56df81eb5ca0a614008f9bc1", "answers": [{"text": "Sir Joshua Reynolds", "answer_start": 503}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Elizabethan navigator, Sir Francis Drake was born in the nearby town of Tavistock and was the mayor of Plymouth. He was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world and was known by the Spanish as El Draco meaning \"The Dragon\" after he raided many of their ships. He died of dysentery in 1596 off the coast of Puerto Rico. In 2002 a mission to recover his body and bring it to Plymouth was allowed by the Ministry of Defence. His cousin and contemporary John Hawkins was a Plymouth man. Painter Sir Joshua Reynolds, founder and first president of the Royal Academy was born and educated in nearby Plympton, now part of Plymouth. William Cookworthy born in Kingsbridge set up his successful porcelain business in the city and was a close friend of John Smeaton designer of the Eddystone Lighthouse. On 26 January 1786, Benjamin Robert Haydon, an English painter who specialised in grand historical pictures, was born here. The naturalist Dr William Elford Leach FRS, who did much to pave the way in Britain for Charles Darwin, was born at Hoe Gate in 1791."}], ["Atlet terkenal termasuklah perenang Sharron Davies, penyelam Tom Daley, penari Wayne Sleep, dan pemain bola sepak Trevor Francis. Penduduk masa lalu yang lain termasuk wartawan komposer dan editor akhbar William Henry Wills, Ron Goodwin, dan wartawan Angela Rippon dan pelawak Dawn French. Ahli politik Kanada dan ulama undang-undang Chris Axworthy berasal dari Plymouth. Pelakon berpangkalan di Amerika, Donald Moffat, yang berperanan termasuk Naib Presiden Amerika, Lyndon B. Johnson dalam filem The Right Stuff, dan Presiden Bennett dalam fiksyen yang jelas dan hadir, dilahirkan di Plymouth. <> Apakah pekerjaan Trevor Francis? || pemain bola sepak <> Apa kewarganegaraan semasa bekas penduduk Plymouth Chris Axworthy? || Kanada <> Apa naib presiden Amerika Syarikat yang bermain Donald Moffat? || Lyndon B. Johnson <> Dalam filem apa yang Donald Moffat memainkan Presiden Bennett? || Jelas dan Kemunculan Bahaya <> Apakah pekerjaan Dawn French? || pelawak", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the occupation of Trevor Francis?", "id": "56df83025ca0a614008f9be1", "answers": [{"text": "footballer", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the current nationality of former Plymouth resident Chris Axworthy?", "id": "56df83025ca0a614008f9be2", "answers": [{"text": "Canadian", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What United States vice president did Donald Moffat play?", "id": "56df83025ca0a614008f9be3", "answers": [{"text": "Lyndon B. Johnson", "answer_start": 429}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what film did Donald Moffat play President Bennett?", "id": "56df83025ca0a614008f9be4", "answers": [{"text": "Clear and Present Danger", "answer_start": 511}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Dawn French's job?", "id": "56df83025ca0a614008f9be5", "answers": [{"text": "comedian", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Notable athletes include swimmer Sharron Davies, diver Tom Daley, dancer Wayne Sleep, and footballer Trevor Francis. Other past residents include composer journalist and newspaper editor William Henry Wills, Ron Goodwin, and journalist Angela Rippon and comedian Dawn French. Canadian politician and legal scholar Chris Axworthy hails from Plymouth. America based actor Donald Moffat, whose roles include American Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson in the film The Right Stuff, and fictional President Bennett in Clear and Present Danger, was born in Plymouth."}]], [["Dalam beberapa budaya Kristen, Islam dan Yahudi yang bersejarah, antara lain, idea-idea yang dianggap sebagai bidaah telah dan dalam beberapa kes masih tertakluk bukan hanya untuk hukuman seperti pengucilan, malah hukuman mati. <> Budaya apa yang disenaraikan sebagai contoh disiplin untuk menjadi bidat? || Kristian, Islam dan Yahudi <> Apa agama percaya idea-idea baru boleh dihukum? || <> Apakah hukuman yang tidak setuju dengan gereja? || <> Apakah hukuman nolonger yang digunakan untuk bidaah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What cultures are listed as examples of discipline for being a heretic?", "id": "56de6fea4396321400ee28c9", "answers": [{"text": "Christian, Islamic and Jewish", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christian, Islamic and Jewish", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "What religions believe new ideas is punishable?", "id": "5a5a94c19c0277001abe713a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "excommunication, but even to the death penalty", "answer_start": 189}], "question": "What is the punishment for disagreeing with the church?", "id": "5a5a94c19c0277001abe713b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "excommunication", "answer_start": 189}], "question": "What punishment is nolonger used for heretics?", "id": "5a5a94c19c0277001abe713c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In certain historical Christian, Islamic and Jewish cultures, among others, espousing ideas deemed heretical has been and in some cases still is subjected not merely to punishments such as excommunication, but even to the death penalty."}], ["Istilah ini biasanya digunakan untuk merujuk kepada pelanggaran ajaran agama yang penting, tetapi juga menggunakan pandangan yang sangat menentang sebarang ide yang diterima umum. Ia digunakan terutamanya merujuk kepada agama Kristian, Yahudi, Islam dan Marxisme. <> Apa agama dan gagasan pemikiran sesat yang disebut sebagai kerap digunakan? || Kristian, Yahudi, Islam dan Marxisme <> Penghujatan adalah penerimaan apa ajaran? || <> Agama apa yang tidak lagi mengenali blasphamy? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What religions and idea of thought is heresy cited as being used frequently in?", "id": "56de6fdecffd8e1900b4b8c3", "answers": [{"text": "Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Marxism", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "important religious teachings", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "Blasphemy is the acceptance of what teachings?", "id": "5a5a874c9c0277001abe7136", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Marxism", "answer_start": 199}], "question": "What religions no longer recognize blasphamy?", "id": "5a5a874c9c0277001abe7137", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The term is usually used to refer to violations of important religious teachings, but is used also of views strongly opposed to any generally accepted ideas. It is used in particular in reference to Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Marxism."}], ["Bidaah adalah kepercayaan atau teori provokatif yang sangat berlawanan dengan kepercayaan atau adat istiadat. A heretic adalah penyokong tuntutan atau kepercayaan tersebut. Bidaah adalah berbeza dari kedua-dua murtad, iaitu penolakan yang jelas dari agama, prinsip atau sebab seseorang, dan penghujatan, yang merupakan perbuatan atau perbuatan yang tidak baik mengenai Tuhan atau perkara suci. <> Apa maksudnya sesat? || kepercayaan atau adat istiadat yang ditubuhkan <> Apa yang dipanggil seseorang adalah bidaah berlatih? || A heretic <> Apa kepercayaan dalam adat yang dipegang? || <> Siapa yang percaya dengan adat yang dipegang? || <> Apakah istilah untuk memeluk agama? || <> Apakah ucapan atau tindakan mengenai Tuhan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is heresy mainly at odds with?", "id": "56de6f914396321400ee28c3", "answers": [{"text": "established beliefs or customs", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a person called is practicing heresy?", "id": "56de6f914396321400ee28c4", "answers": [{"text": "A heretic", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Heresy", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is belief in a strongly held custom?", "id": "5a5a784e9c0277001abe712e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "heretic", "answer_start": 111}], "question": "Who is a person who believes in a strongly held custom?", "id": "5a5a784e9c0277001abe712f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "apostasy", "answer_start": 190}], "question": "What is the term for embracing ones religion?", "id": "5a5a784e9c0277001abe7130", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "blasphemy", "answer_start": 279}], "question": "What is an utterance or action concerning God?", "id": "5a5a784e9c0277001abe7131", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Heresy is any provocative belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs. A heretic is a proponent of such claims or beliefs. Heresy is distinct from both apostasy, which is the explicit renunciation of one's religion, principles or cause, and blasphemy, which is an impious utterance or action concerning God or sacred things."}], ["Bapa-bapa Gereja mengenal pasti Yahudi dan Judaisme dengan sesat. Mereka melihat penyimpangan dari Kristian Ortodoks sebagai bidaah yang pada dasarnya Yahudi dalam semangat. Tertullian menyiratkan bahawa ia adalah orang-orang Yahudi yang paling menginspirasi bidaah dalam agama Kristian: \"Dari orang Yahudi, bidaah telah menerima petunjuk dalam perbincangan ini [bahawa Yesus bukanlah Kristus.]\" Saint Peter of Antioch merujuk kepada orang Kristian yang menolak untuk mengagungkan imej agama sebagai mempunyai \"minda Yahudi\". <> Apa budaya dan agama yang dilakukan oleh Bapa-bapa Gereja berkaitan dengan sesat? || Yahudi dan Judaisme <> Agama apa agama Bapa-bapa Gereja ini? || Kristian Ortodoks <> yang mencadangkan bahawa ia adalah orang-orang Yahudi yang membawa pembengkakan ke dalam agama Kristian? || Tertullian <> Siapa yang mengiktiraf orang-orang Kristian dengan sesat? || <> Siapa Saint Peter merujuk sebagai orang Yahudi? || <> Siapa yang dikatakan Tertullian adalah orang yang paling sesat? || <> Siapa yang memberi petunjuk kepada orang Kristian awal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What culture and religion did Fathers of the Church correlate with heresy?", "id": "56de70364396321400ee28d7", "answers": [{"text": "Jews and Judaism", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What religion were these Fathers of the Church?", "id": "56de70364396321400ee28d8", "answers": [{"text": "Orthodox Christianity", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who suggested that it were the Jews that brought dissension into Christianity?", "id": "56de70364396321400ee28d9", "answers": [{"text": "Tertullian", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jews and Judaism", "answer_start": 30}], "question": "Who identified Christians with heresey?", "id": "5a5ab9b19c0277001abe7150", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christians that refused to venerate religious images", "answer_start": 377}], "question": "Who dit Saint Peter refer to as Jews?", "id": "5a5ab9b19c0277001abe7151", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jews", "answer_start": 194}], "question": "Who did Tertullian say were the most heretical people?", "id": "5a5ab9b19c0277001abe7152", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jews", "answer_start": 194}], "question": "Who offered guidence to early Christians?", "id": "5a5ab9b19c0277001abe7153", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Church Fathers identified Jews and Judaism with heresy. They saw deviations from Orthodox Christianity as heresies that were essentially Jewish in spirit. Tertullian implied that it was the Jews who most inspired heresy in Christianity: \"From the Jew the heretic has accepted guidance in this discussion [that Jesus was not the Christ.]\" Saint Peter of Antioch referred to Christians that refused to venerate religious images as having \"Jewish minds\"."}], ["Menurut Titus 3:10, seorang pemecah harus diberi peringatan dua kali sebelum memisahkannya. Orang Yunani untuk frasa \"orang yang memecah belah\" menjadi istilah teknikal di Gereja awal untuk jenis \"heretic\" yang mempromosikan perselisihan. Sebaliknya pengajaran yang betul dipanggil bukan sahaja kerana ia dibina dalam iman, tetapi kerana ia melindungi terhadap pengaruh yang merusak guru-guru palsu. <> Berapa kali ia menyarankan bahawa anda harus memberi amaran kepada orang yang anda tidak bersetuju dengan cara sebelum berpisah? || dua kali <> Istilah apa yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan seorang individu di Gereja awal yang memperkenalkan perpecahan? || orang yang berpecah <> Kata apa yang digunakan apabila bercakap tentang ajaran yang betul berbanding guru palsu? || bunyi <> Berapa kali anda harus menghukum orang yang memecah belah sebelum memisahkannya? || <> Apakah nama lain untuk orang yang beragam di gereja Yunani? || <> Apa yang dipromosikan oleh semua orang yang pelbagai? || <> Kata apa yang menggambarkan pengajaran ortodoks? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many times is it suggested that you should warn people you are in disagreement with before parting ways?", "id": "56de7016cffd8e1900b4b8c6", "answers": [{"text": "two times", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term is used to describe an individual in the early Church that introduced discord?", "id": "56de7016cffd8e1900b4b8c7", "answers": [{"text": "divisive person", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What word is used when speaking of correct teachings in contrast to a false teacher?", "id": "56de7016cffd8e1900b4b8c8", "answers": [{"text": "sound", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two times", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "How many times should you punish a divisive person before seperating from them?", "id": "5a5ab76c9c0277001abe7148", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"heretic\"", "answer_start": 198}], "question": "What was another name for a diversive person in the Greek church?", "id": "5a5ab76c9c0277001abe7149", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dissension", "answer_start": 221}], "question": "What do all diversive people promote?", "id": "5a5ab76c9c0277001abe714a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sound", "answer_start": 272}], "question": "What word describes orthodox teaching?", "id": "5a5ab76c9c0277001abe714b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to Titus 3:10 a divisive person should be warned two times before separating from him. The Greek for the phrase \"divisive person\" became a technical term in the early Church for a type of \"heretic\" who promoted dissension. In contrast correct teaching is called sound not only because it builds up in the faith, but because it protects against the corrupting influence of false teachers."}], ["Penggunaan perkataan \"bidaah\" diberikan mata wang yang luas oleh Irenaeus dalam kontras abad ke-2 Contra Haereses (Terhadap Heresies) untuk menggambarkan dan menghina lawannya pada abad-abad awal masyarakat Kristian. [Rujukan?] Dia menggambarkan kepercayaan masyarakat dan doktrin sebagai ortodoks (daripada \u1f40\u03c1\u03b8\u03cc\u03c2, orthos \"lurus\" + \u03b4\u03cc\u03be\u03b1, kepercayaan \"doxa\") dan ajaran Gnostics sebagai sesat. [rujukan?] Dia juga menunjukkan konsep penggantian kerasulan untuk menyokong hujah-hujahnya. <> Siapa yang memberikan lebih banyak pendedahan kepada bidaah istilah ketika cuba menghilangkan lawan pada abad-abad awal Kekristenan? || Irenaeus <> Apakah istilah Irenaeus digunakan untuk menggambarkan ideologi masyarakat Kristian? || ortodoks <> Konsep apa yang dikatakan Irenaeus untuk membantu menyokong hujah-hujahnya? || penggantian kerasulan <> Siapa orang pertama yang menggunakan perkataan bidaah? || <> Apa yang ditulis Irenaeus dalam 200? || <> Siapa yang menulis mengenai lawan mereka dalam 200 | || <> Siapa yang menggunakan perkataan Orthodox untuk menerangkan ajaran Gnostik? || <> Apakah penggantian pertama yang ditunjukkan oleh Irenaeus? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who gave more exposure to the term heresy when attempting to descredit opponents during the early centuries of Christianity?", "id": "56de7066cffd8e1900b4b8cc", "answers": [{"text": "Irenaeus", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term did Irenaeus use to describe the Christian community's ideologies?", "id": "56de7066cffd8e1900b4b8cd", "answers": [{"text": "orthodox", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What concept did Irenaeus cite to help support his arguments?", "id": "56de7066cffd8e1900b4b8cf", "answers": [{"text": "apostolic succession", "answer_start": 448}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Irenaeus", "answer_start": 56}], "question": "Who was the first person to use the word heresy?", "id": "5a5abb109c0277001abe7158", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Contra Haereses", "answer_start": 90}], "question": "What did Irenaeus write in the 200's?", "id": "5a5abb109c0277001abe7159", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Irenaeus", "answer_start": 56}], "question": "Who wrote about their opponents in the 200's", "id": "5a5abb109c0277001abe715a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Irenaeus", "answer_start": 56}], "question": "Who used the word Orthodox to describe Gnostic teachings?", "id": "5a5abb109c0277001abe715b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "apostolic", "answer_start": 448}], "question": "What succession was first pointed out by Irenaeus?", "id": "5a5abb109c0277001abe715c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The use of the word \"heresy\" was given wide currency by Irenaeus in his 2nd century tract Contra Haereses (Against Heresies) to describe and discredit his opponents during the early centuries of the Christian community.[citation needed] He described the community's beliefs and doctrines as orthodox (from \u1f40\u03c1\u03b8\u03cc\u03c2, orthos \"straight\" + \u03b4\u03cc\u03be\u03b1, doxa \"belief\") and the Gnostics' teachings as heretical.[citation needed] He also pointed out the concept of apostolic succession to support his arguments."}], ["Constantine the Great, yang bersama dengan Licinius telah menetapkan toleransi Kekristenan dalam Empayar Rom dengan apa yang biasa disebut sebagai \"Edict of Milan\", dan adalah Kaisar Rom yang pertama yang dibaptiskan, menetapkan pendahuluan untuk dasar kemudian. Dengan undang-undang Rom, Maharaja Pontifex Maximus, imam tinggi Kolej Pontifikat (Collegium Pontificum) dari semua agama yang diiktiraf di Rom purba. Untuk mengakhiri perdebatan doktrin yang dimulakan oleh Arius, Constantine memanggil yang pertama yang kemudiannya dipanggil konsili ekumenikal dan kemudian dikuatkuasakan ortodoksi oleh pihak berkuasa Imperial. <> Siapa Emporor Rom yang pertama yang dibaptiskan? || Constantine the Great <> Apa yang dilalui oleh Constantine the Great dan Licinius untuk memperkenalkan toleransi Kekristianan dalam Empayar Rom? || Edict of Milan <> Apakah imam tinggi di Kolej Pontifikat dipanggil? || Pontifex Maximus <> Apakah pertemuan yang dipanggil yang dianjurkan oleh Constantine yang membantu menguatkuasakan ortodoksi oleh pihak berkuasa Imperial? || majlis-majlis ekumenikal <> Siapa yang menjadi babtis Rom pertama? || <> Apakah Licinius tidak bertoleransi? || <> Apa Edict menubuhkan kebebasan beragama di Rom? || <> Siapa imam tinggi menurut tradisi Kristian? || <> Apakah majlis pertama yang dipegang oleh Arius? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the first Roman Emporor that was baptized?", "id": "56de708f4396321400ee28df", "answers": [{"text": "Constantine the Great", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Constantine the Great and Licinius pass to introduce toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire?", "id": "56de708f4396321400ee28e0", "answers": [{"text": "Edict of Milan", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the high priest in the College of Pontiffs called?", "id": "56de708f4396321400ee28e1", "answers": [{"text": "Pontifex Maximus", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the meetings called that were hosted by Constantine that helped enforce orthodoxy by Imperial authority?", "id": "56de708f4396321400ee28e2", "answers": [{"text": "the ecumenical councils", "answer_start": 510}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Constantine the Great", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who was the first Roman babtized?", "id": "5a5abce09c0277001abe7162", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christianity", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "What was Licinius intolerant of?", "id": "5a5abce09c0277001abe7163", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"Edict of Milan\"", "answer_start": 137}], "question": "What Edict established freedom of religion in Rome?", "id": "5a5abce09c0277001abe7164", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Emperor", "answer_start": 243}], "question": "Who was high priest according to Christian tradition?", "id": "5a5abce09c0277001abe7165", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ecumenical", "answer_start": 514}], "question": "What council was first held by Arius?", "id": "5a5abce09c0277001abe7166", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Constantine the Great, who along with Licinius had decreed toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire by what is commonly called the \"Edict of Milan\", and was the first Roman Emperor baptized, set precedents for later policy. By Roman law the Emperor was Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum) of all recognized religions in ancient Rome. To put an end to the doctrinal debate initiated by Arius, Constantine called the first of what would afterwards be called the ecumenical councils and then enforced orthodoxy by Imperial authority."}], ["Istilah bidaah berasal dari bahasa Yunani \u03b1\u1f35\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 pada mulanya bermaksud \"pilihan\" atau \"benda yang dipilih\", tetapi ia bermaksud \"parti atau sekolah pilihan lelaki\" dan juga merujuk kepada proses di mana seorang anak muda akan mengkaji pelbagai falsafah untuk menentukan bagaimana untuk hidup. Perkataan \"bidaah\" biasanya digunakan dalam konteks Kristian, Yahudi, atau Islam, dan membayangkan makna yang sedikit berbeza di dalam masing-masing. Pengasas atau pemimpin pergerakan sesat dipanggil seorang heresiarch, sementara individu yang mempercepat bidaah atau melakukan bidaah dikenal sebagai bidaah. Heresiologi adalah kajian bidaah. <> Bahasa apa istilah istilah bidaah mencari akarnya? || Yunani <> Apakah hubungan antara bidaah konteks digunakan untuk budaya Kristian, Yahudi, atau Islam? || sedikit berbeza <> Apakah yang dimaksud dengan kepala orang pergerakan sesat? || heresiarch <> Apa kajian bidaah? || Heresiologi <> Apakah makna asal bidaah apabila diterjemahkan terus dari kata asasi? || \"pilihan\" atau \"perkara yang dipilih\" <> Apa maksudnya dengan perkataan Latin? || <> Apakah istilah untuk proses itu oleh seseorang yang belajar menjalani kehidupan keagamaan? || <> Apa tiga agama mempunyai erti yang sama untuk bidaah? || <> Whhat adalah sudy bagaimana untuk hidup? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What language does the term heresy find its roots in?", "id": "56de70004396321400ee28cd", "answers": [{"text": "Greek", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the relationship between the context heresy is used in for Christian, Jewish, or Islamic cultures?", "id": "56de70004396321400ee28ce", "answers": [{"text": "slightly different", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the head person of a heretical movement called?", "id": "56de70004396321400ee28cf", "answers": [{"text": "heresiarch", "answer_start": 450}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the study of heresy?", "id": "56de70004396321400ee28d0", "answers": [{"text": "Heresiology", "answer_start": 539}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the original meaning of heresy when translated directly from its root word?", "id": "56de70004396321400ee28d1", "answers": [{"text": "\"choice\" or \"thing chosen\"", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"choice\" or \"thing chosen\",", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "What does heresey mean in Latin?", "id": "5a5aa93c9c0277001abe7140", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "heresy", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "What is the term for the process by wich a person learns to live a religious life?", "id": "5a5aa93c9c0277001abe7141", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christian, Jewish, or Islamic", "answer_start": 304}], "question": "What three religions have the same meaning for heresy?", "id": "5a5aa93c9c0277001abe7142", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Heresiology", "answer_start": 539}], "question": "Whhat is the sudy of how to live?", "id": "5a5aa93c9c0277001abe7143", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The term heresy is from Greek \u03b1\u1f35\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 originally meant \"choice\" or \"thing chosen\", but it came to mean the \"party or school of a man's choice\" and also referred to that process whereby a young person would examine various philosophies to determine how to live. The word \"heresy\" is usually used within a Christian, Jewish, or Islamic context, and implies slightly different meanings in each. The founder or leader of a heretical movement is called a heresiarch, while individuals who espouse heresy or commit heresy are known as heretics. Heresiology is the study of heresy."}], ["Penggunaan pertama istilah ini dalam konteks hukum adalah pada tahun 380 oleh Edict of Thessalonica of Theodosius I, yang menjadikan agama Kristian sebagai gereja negara Empayar Rom. Sebelum penerbitan edisi ini, Gereja tidak mempunyai sokongan yang ditaja oleh negara untuk sebarang mekanisme undang-undang tertentu untuk menentang apa yang dianggap sebagai \"bidah\". Dengan edaran ini pihak berkuasa negeri dan jemaat menjadi agak bertindih. Salah satu hasil kebangkitan Gereja dan negara ini ialah perkongsian kuasa negara penguatkuasaan undang-undang dengan pihak berkuasa gereja. Penguatkuasaan kuasa Gereja memberikan pemimpin gereja kuasa untuk, sebagai akibatnya, mengucapkan hukuman mati atas mereka yang dianggap gereja sebagai sesat. <> Pada tahun apakah penggunaan pertama istilah bidaah dalam konteks undang-undang? || AD 380 <> Siapa yang menganggap Kristian menjadi gereja negara Empayar Rom? || Thessalonica of Theodosius I <> Apa gereja yang kurang sebelum edict yang akan membolehkan mereka untuk secara sah menentang ajaran sesat? || sokongan yang ditaja kerajaan <> Apa yang diperoleh oleh pihak berkuasa gereja sebagai akibat dari edict ini? || kuasa negara penguatkuasaan undang-undang <> Apakah hukuman yang disebut sebagai pihak berkuasa gereja yang dapat menentukan individu dianggap sebagai bidaah? || hukuman mati <> Dalam konteks apakah perkataan hersey pertama kali digunakan pada abad ke-3? || <> Apa edict diluluskan pada abad ke-3? || <> Apa yang dibuat sebagai agama rasmi Negeri pada abad ke-3? || <> Apa perintah itu memberi kuasa kerajaan? || <> Apakah edict memberikan negeri kuasa untuk melakukan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was the first usage of the term heresy in a legal context?", "id": "56de70a8cffd8e1900b4b8dc", "answers": [{"text": "AD 380", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who intitiated Christianity to be a state church of the Roman Empire?", "id": "56de70a8cffd8e1900b4b8dd", "answers": [{"text": "Thessalonica of Theodosius I", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the church lacking before the edict that would allow them to legally counter heresy?", "id": "56de70a8cffd8e1900b4b8de", "answers": [{"text": "state-sponsored support", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did church authorities gain as a result of this edict?", "id": "56de70a8cffd8e1900b4b8df", "answers": [{"text": "state powers of legal enforcement", "answer_start": 495}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What punishment is cited as church authorities being able to exact on individuals perceived as heretics?", "id": "56de70a8cffd8e1900b4b8e0", "answers": [{"text": "death sentence", "answer_start": 658}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a legal context", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "In what context was the word hersey first ussed in the 3rd century?", "id": "5a5abf2c9c0277001abe716c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Edict of Thessalonica of Theodosius I,", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "What edict was passed in the 3rd century?", "id": "5a5abf2c9c0277001abe716d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christianity", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "What was made the official State religion in the 3rd century?", "id": "5a5abf2c9c0277001abe716e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Church", "answer_start": 379}], "question": "What did the edict give the state authority over?", "id": "5a5abf2c9c0277001abe716f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pronounce the death sentence upon those whom the church considered heretical.", "answer_start": 644}], "question": "What did the edict give the state the authority to do?", "id": "5a5abf2c9c0277001abe7170", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The first known usage of the term in a legal context was in AD 380 by the Edict of Thessalonica of Theodosius I, which made Christianity the state church of the Roman Empire. Prior to the issuance of this edict, the Church had no state-sponsored support for any particular legal mechanism to counter what it perceived as \"heresy\". By this edict the state's authority and that of the Church became somewhat overlapping. One of the outcomes of this blurring of Church and state was the sharing of state powers of legal enforcement with church authorities. This reinforcement of the Church's authority gave church leaders the power to, in effect, pronounce the death sentence upon those whom the church considered heretical."}], ["Dalam tempoh enam tahun penjenayah rasmi bidaah oleh Maharaja, bidaah Kristian pertama yang akan dilaksanakan, Priscillian, dikutuk oleh 386 oleh pegawai-pegawai sekular Rom untuk sihir, dan dihukum mati dengan empat atau lima pengikut. Bagaimanapun, penuduhnya telah dikucilkan oleh Ambrose dari Milan dan Paus Siricius, yang menentang ajaran sesat Priscillian, tetapi \"percaya hukuman mati menjadi tidak sesuai di antara yang terbaik dan biasanya secara tidak langsung jahat\". Selama beberapa tahun selepas Reformasi, gereja-gereja Protestan juga dikenali untuk melaksanakan mereka yang dianggap bidat, termasuk umat Katolik. The heretic yang terakhir yang dilaksanakan oleh hukuman oleh Gereja Katolik Roman adalah guru sekolah Sepanyol Cayetano Ripoll pada tahun 1826. Bilangan orang yang disembelih sebagai bidaah di bawah kewenangan pelbagai \"pihak berkuasa gereja\" [nota 1] tidak diketahui [nota 2] Satu contoh pertama perkataan yang diterjemahkan dari Apocalypse of Peter dari Nag Hammadi adalah \"mereka akan berpegang pada nama orang mati yang memikirkan bahawa mereka akan menjadi suci, tetapi mereka akan menjadi sangat najis dan mereka akan jatuh ke dalam nama kesalahan dan ke tangan orang licik yang jahat dan dogma yang berlipat ganda, dan mereka akan diperintah secara bidaah \". <> Siapa orang Kristian pertama yang dijatuhi hukuman mati oleh gereja untuk bidaah di Rom? || Priscillian <> Apa yang berlaku kepada orang-orang yang menghukum Priscillian? || diketepikan <> Agama apakah yang menjadi contoh pembunuhan Protestan untuk disangkal bidaah selepas Reformasi? || Katolik <> Siapa yang terakhir diketahui orang yang dihukum mati kerana jenayah bidaah oleh Gereja Katolik Roma? || Cayetano Ripoll <> Dari apa ayat yang disebut sebagai salah satu contoh pertama yang diketahui menggunakan perkataan bidaah? || Apocalypse of Nag Hammadi of Peter <> Berapa tahun bidaah sebagai jenayah rasmi? || <> Siapa yang dihukum mati untuk socery pada abad ke-3? || <> Siapa yang mengucilkan Priscillian? || <> Siapa yang dihukum mati untuk bersuara pada abad ke-18? || <> Siapa kata Peter adalah yang pertama menggunakan perkataan sesat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the first Christian individual to be sentenced to death by the church for heresy in Rome?", "id": "56de70e54396321400ee28e7", "answers": [{"text": "Priscillian", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened to the people that sentenced Priscillian to death?", "id": "56de70e54396321400ee28e8", "answers": [{"text": "excommunicated", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What religion is an example of Protestants killing for conviction of heresy after the Reformation?", "id": "56de70e54396321400ee28e9", "answers": [{"text": "Catholics", "answer_start": 580}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the last known person to be sentenced to death for the crime of heresy by the Roman Catholic Church?", "id": "56de70e54396321400ee28ea", "answers": [{"text": "Cayetano Ripoll", "answer_start": 689}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what passage is cited as being one of the first known examples of using the word heresy?", "id": "56de70e54396321400ee28eb", "answers": [{"text": "Nag Hammadi's Apocalypse of Peter", "answer_start": 911}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "six years", "answer_start": 7}], "question": "For how many years was heresy an official crime?", "id": "5a5ac1339c0277001abe7176", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Priscillian", "answer_start": 119}], "question": "Who was put to death for socery in the 3rd century?", "id": "5a5ac1339c0277001abe7177", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ambrose of Milan and Pope Siricius", "answer_start": 289}], "question": "Who excommunicated Priscillian?", "id": "5a5ac1339c0277001abe7178", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cayetano Ripoll", "answer_start": 689}], "question": "Who was executed for heresey in the 18th century?", "id": "5a5ac1339c0277001abe7179", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nag Hammadi", "answer_start": 911}], "question": "Who said Peter was the first to use the word heretical?", "id": "5a5ac1339c0277001abe717a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Within six years of the official criminalization of heresy by the Emperor, the first Christian heretic to be executed, Priscillian, was condemned in 386 by Roman secular officials for sorcery, and put to death with four or five followers. However, his accusers were excommunicated both by Ambrose of Milan and Pope Siricius, who opposed Priscillian's heresy, but \"believed capital punishment to be inappropriate at best and usually unequivocally evil\". For some years after the Reformation, Protestant churches were also known to execute those they considered heretics, including Catholics. The last known heretic executed by sentence of the Roman Catholic Church was Spanish schoolmaster Cayetano Ripoll in 1826. The number of people executed as heretics under the authority of the various \"ecclesiastical authorities\"[note 1] is not known.[note 2] One of the first examples of the word as translated from the Nag Hammadi's Apocalypse of Peter was\" they will cleave to the name of a dead man thinking that they will become pure. But they will become greatly defiled and they will fall into the name of error and into the hands of an evil cunning man and a manifold dogma, and they will be ruled heretically\"."}], ["Era penganiayaan besar-besaran dan pelaksanaan bidaah di bawah spanduk Kekristianan berakhir pada tahun 1826 dengan pelaksanaan \"bidaah\" terakhir, Cayetano Ripoll, oleh Pasitan Katolik. <> Tahun berapa kematian kematian bidaah di bawah agama Kristian berakhir? || 1826 <> Siapa bidaah terakhir yang dibunuh di bawah Pasitan Katolik? || Cayetano Ripoll <> Apa yang berakhir pada abad ke-18? || <> Siapa Katolik yang terakhir dilaksanakan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did the deaths of heretics under Christianity come to an end?", "id": "56de71ffcffd8e1900b4b906", "answers": [{"text": "1826", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the last heretic put to death under the Catholic Inquisition?", "id": "56de71ffcffd8e1900b4b907", "answers": [{"text": "Cayetano Ripoll", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The era of mass persecution and execution of heretics", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What ended in the 18th century?", "id": "5a5ad3319c0277001abe71c2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cayetano Ripoll", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "Who was the last Catholic executed?", "id": "5a5ad3319c0277001abe71c3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The era of mass persecution and execution of heretics under the banner of Christianity came to an end in 1826 with the last execution of a \"heretic\", Cayetano Ripoll, by the Catholic Inquisition."}], ["Walaupun kurang biasa dari pada masa-masa awal, pada zaman moden, tuduhan bid'ah rasmi dalam gereja-gereja Kristian masih berlaku. Isu di gereja-gereja Protestan telah memasukkan kritik alkitabiah moden dan sifat Tuhan. Dalam Gereja Katolik, Jemaah Ajaran Iman mengkritik tulisan-tulisan untuk \"kekaburan dan kesilapan\" tanpa menggunakan perkataan \"bidaah\". <> Di bawah agama mana tuduhan bidaah masih berlaku di zaman moden? || Kristian <> Agama mana yang dinamakan sebagai masalah dengan kritik alkitabiah moden? || Protestan <> Apa kepercayaan Gereja Katolik mengkritik tulisan tanpa menggunakan perkataan bidaah? || Kongregasi untuk Doktrin Iman <> Apakah caj yang sama seperti biasa di zaman moden? || <> Apa gereja mempunyai masalah dengan Alkitab modern> || <> Siapa yang mengkritik menulis kerana menjadi sesat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Under which religion do charges of heresy still occur in modern times?", "id": "56de722fcffd8e1900b4b90a", "answers": [{"text": "Christian", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which religion is cited as having problems with modern biblical criticism?", "id": "56de722fcffd8e1900b4b90b", "answers": [{"text": "Protestant", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What belief of the Catholic Church criticizes writings without using the word heresy?", "id": "56de722fcffd8e1900b4b90c", "answers": [{"text": "Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "heresy", "answer_start": 81}], "question": "What charge is just as common in modern times?", "id": "5a5ad3d09c0277001abe71c6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Protestant churches", "answer_start": 141}], "question": "What churches have issues with modern bibles>", "id": "5a5ad3d09c0277001abe71c7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith", "answer_start": 252}], "question": "Who criticizes writing for being heretical?", "id": "5a5ad3d09c0277001abe71c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Although less common than in earlier periods, in modern times, formal charges of heresy within Christian churches still occur. Issues in the Protestant churches have included modern biblical criticism and the nature of God. In the Catholic Church, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith criticizes writings for \"ambiguities and errors\" without using the word \"heresy\"."}], ["Pope St. Gregorius menegaskan Judaisme dan Orang Yahudi dalam banyak tulisannya. Dia menggambarkan orang Yahudi sebagai musuh Kristus: \"Semakin banyak Roh Kudus yang mengisi dunia, kebencian yang lebih jahat mendominasi jiwa orang Yahudi.\" Dia melabelkan semua bidaah sebagai \"Yahudi\", mendakwa bahawa Judaisme akan \"mencemarkan [Katolik dan] menipu mereka dengan godaan yang mengerikan.\" Pengenalan orang Yahudi dan sesatnya khususnya terjadi beberapa kali dalam undang-undang Roman-Kristen, <> Yang mengecam Orang Yahudi dalam banyak tulisannya? || Paus St. Gregorius <> Apakah yang disebut Yahudi sebagai musuh? || Kristus <> Menurut Paus St. Gregorius agama apa yang harus kamu lakukan untuk menjadi bidah? || Yahudi <> Dalam budaya apakah hukum Yahudi dan bidaah sering disatukan? || Undang-undang Roman-Kristian <> Apa pope membela Judaisme dan orang-orang Yahudi? || <> Siapa yang menggambarkan Kristus sebagai musuh orang Yahudi? || <> Apakah Pope St. Gregory memanggil semua ajaran Yahudi? || <> Siapa yang mengamalkan undang-undang Rom sebagai bidaah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who denounced Jewish People in many of his writings?", "id": "56de71424396321400ee2901", "answers": [{"text": "Pope St. Gregory", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the Jews described as enemies of?", "id": "56de71424396321400ee2902", "answers": [{"text": "Christ", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to Pope St. Gregory what religion must you be in order to be a heretic?", "id": "56de71424396321400ee2903", "answers": [{"text": "Jewish", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what culture of law were Jews and heretics often lumped together?", "id": "56de71424396321400ee2904", "answers": [{"text": "Roman-Christian law", "answer_start": 437}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pope St. Gregory", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What pope defended Judaism and the Jewish people?", "id": "5a5ace739c0277001abe7198", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pope St. Gregory", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who described Christ as the enemy of the Jews?", "id": "5a5ace739c0277001abe7199", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "heresy", "answer_start": 241}], "question": "What did Pope St. Gregory call all Jewish teachings?", "id": "5a5ace739c0277001abe719a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jews", "answer_start": 379}], "question": "Who did Roman law indentify as heretics?", "id": "5a5ace739c0277001abe719b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Pope St. Gregory stigmatized Judaism and the Jewish People in many of his writings. He described Jews as enemies of Christ: \"The more the Holy Spirit fills the world, the more perverse hatred dominates the souls of the Jews.\" He labeled all heresy as \"Jewish\", claiming that Judaism would \"pollute [Catholics and] deceive them with sacrilegious seduction.\" The identification of Jews and heretics in particular occurred several times in Roman-Christian law,"}], ["Di Perancis, para Cathar berkembang untuk mewakili pergerakan massa yang popular dan kepercayaan itu menyebar ke kawasan lain. Perang Salib Cathar diprakarsai oleh Gereja Katolik Roma untuk menghapuskan bidaah Katolik di Languedoc. Bidaah adalah pembenaran utama bagi Inkuisisi (Inquisitio Haereticae Pravitatis, Siasatan mengenai Perencatan Hukuman) dan untuk perang agama Eropah yang berkaitan dengan Reformasi Protestan. <> Di negara manakah kaum Cathars berkembang untuk mewakili pergerakan yang popular? || Perancis <> Apa yang telah dimulakan oleh Gereja Katolik Roman untuk mengetepikan orang-orang Cathars di Languedoc? || The Cathar Salib <> Apakah sebab utama dan justifikasi untuk perang agama Europian? || Heresy <> Apa yang berlaku di Sepanyol yang menyebabkan lebih banyak pengesyanku? || <> Apa penyebarannya yang meragukan ke Perancis? || <> Perjuangan apa yang menyebabkan pemimpin Cathar melawan Gereja Katolik? || <> Perang apa yang membantu menyebarkan herisinya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what country did the Cathars grow to represent a popular movement?", "id": "56de71114396321400ee28fb", "answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was started by the Roman Catholic Church to dispense of the Cathars in Languedoc?", "id": "56de71114396321400ee28fc", "answers": [{"text": "The Cathar Crusade", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was a major reason and justification for the Europian wars of religion?", "id": "56de71114396321400ee28fd", "answers": [{"text": "Heresy", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Inquisition", "answer_start": 253}], "question": "What happened in Spain that led to more heresey?", "id": "5a5ac61d9c0277001abe7188", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cathars", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "What heresey spread to France?", "id": "5a5ac61d9c0277001abe7189", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cathar Crusade", "answer_start": 113}], "question": "What fight did the Cathar lead against the Catholic Church?", "id": "5a5ac61d9c0277001abe718a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "European wars of religion", "answer_start": 349}], "question": "What wars helped spread hereseies?", "id": "5a5ac61d9c0277001abe718b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In France the Cathars grew to represent a popular mass movement and the belief was spreading to other areas. The Cathar Crusade was initiated by the Roman Catholic Church to eliminate the Cathar heresy in Languedoc. Heresy was a major justification for the Inquisition (Inquisitio Haereticae Pravitatis, Inquiry on Heretical Perversity) and for the European wars of religion associated with the Protestant Reformation."}], ["Dalam bidaah Kristian Timur, yang paling umum merujuk kepada kepercayaan yang diisytiharkan sebagai bidah oleh tujuh Institusi Ekumenikal yang pertama. [Rujukan?] Sejak Great Schism dan Reformasi Protestan, pelbagai gereja Kristian juga telah menggunakan konsep ini dalam proses terhadap individu dan kumpulan gereja-gereja yang dianggap sesat . Gereja Ortodoks juga menolak bidaah Kristian awal seperti Arianisme, Gnostisisme, Origenisme, Montanisme, Judaizers, Marcionisme, Docetism, Adoptionism, Nestorianism, Monophysitism, Monothelitism dan Iconoclasm. <> Apa bidang agama Kristian yang lazimnya menyebutkan tujuh Majlis Ekumene yang pertama mengenai bid'ah? || Kristian Timur <> Selepas apa dua peristiwa yang dilakukan pelbagai gereja Kristian juga mula menggunakan tujuh Dewan Ekumene yang pertama untuk mengenali ajaran sesat? || Great Schism dan Reformasi Protestan <> Apa yang memulakan pemfitnah Kristen melakukan Gereja Ortodoks juga menolak pada masa ini? || Arianisme, Gnostisisme, Origenisme, Montanisme, Judaizers, Marcionisme, Docetism, Adoptionisme, Nestorianisme, Monophysitism, Monothelitism dan Iconoclasm <> Siapa yang memutuskan jika kepercayaan adalah sesat dalam Gereja Timur? || <> Apa pembaharuan yang disebabkan oleh pelbagai kumpulan bidaah? || <> Apakah kepercayaan Kristian awal apakah gereja Ortodoks tidak dilihat sebagai bidaah? || <> Apa yang menyebabkan Schism Great? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What area of Christianity commonly cited the first seven Ecumenical Councils in regards to heresy?", "id": "56de717acffd8e1900b4b8ee", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern Christianity", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After what two events did various Christian churches also begin using the first seven Ecumenical Councils to identify heresy?", "id": "56de717acffd8e1900b4b8ef", "answers": [{"text": "Great Schism and the Protestant Reformation", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What beginning Christian heresies did the Orthodox Church also reject during this time?", "id": "56de717acffd8e1900b4b8f0", "answers": [{"text": "Arianism, Gnosticism, Origenism, Montanism, Judaizers, Marcionism, Docetism, Adoptionism, Nestorianism, Monophysitism, Monothelitism and Iconoclasm", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ecumenical Councils", "answer_start": 107}], "question": "Who decides if a belief is heretical in the Eastern Church?", "id": "5a5acfc49c0277001abe71a0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Protestant Reformation", "answer_start": 176}], "question": "What reformation was caused by various heretical groups?", "id": "5a5acfc49c0277001abe71a1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Arianism, Gnosticism, Origenism, Montanism, Judaizers, Marcionism, Docetism, Adoptionism, Nestorianism, Monophysitism, Monothelitism and Iconoclasm", "answer_start": 403}], "question": "What early Christian beliefs does the Orthodox church not see as heresies?", "id": "5a5acfc49c0277001abe71a2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Protestant Reformation", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "What caused the Great Schism?", "id": "5a5acfc49c0277001abe71a3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In Eastern Christianity heresy most commonly refers to those beliefs declared heretical by the first seven Ecumenical Councils.[citation needed] Since the Great Schism and the Protestant Reformation, various Christian churches have also used the concept in proceedings against individuals and groups those churches deemed heretical. The Orthodox Church also rejects the early Christian heresies such as Arianism, Gnosticism, Origenism, Montanism, Judaizers, Marcionism, Docetism, Adoptionism, Nestorianism, Monophysitism, Monothelitism and Iconoclasm."}], ["Dalam karyanya \"Mengenai Yahudi dan Kekayaan mereka\" (1543), pemimpin Reformasi Jerman Martin Luther mendakwa bahawa sejarah Yahudi \"diserang oleh banyak bidaah\", dan bahawa Kristus logos menghancurkan bidaah Yahudi dan terus melakukannya, \" seperti yang masih dilakukan sehari sebelum mata kita. \" Dia menyimpang dari Doa Yahudi sebagai \"menghujat\" (dusta) dan dusta, dan memfitnah orang Yahudi pada umumnya sebagai \"buta\" dan \"pasti dimiliki oleh semua dajal\". Luther memanggil ahli-ahli Gereja Katolik Ortodoks \"papists\" dan heretics, dan mempunyai masalah rohani khusus dengan sunat Yahudi. <> Apa karya yang dipanggil Martin Luther tentang Yahudi dan bid'ah? || \"Mengenai Orang Yahudi dan Kehidupan Mereka\" <> Apakah istilah Luther memperuntukkan amalan Yahudi? || menghujat <> Apa yang dikatakan sebagai masalah rohani khusus? || Sunat Yahudi <> Apa yang ditulis oleh Martin Luther pada abad ke-15? || <> Apa yang dimaksud oleh Luther memanggil doa Ortodoks? || <> Siapa yang memanggil pita-pesta itu? || <> Siapa yang merasakan sunat Yahudi adalah rohani? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the work called that Martin Luther created regarding Jews and heresy?", "id": "56de719ccffd8e1900b4b8f4", "answers": [{"text": "\"On the Jews and Their Lies\"", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term does Luther assign to the practice of Jewish Prayer?", "id": "56de719ccffd8e1900b4b8f5", "answers": [{"text": "blasphemous", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is said to be a special spiritual problem?", "id": "56de719ccffd8e1900b4b8f7", "answers": [{"text": "Jewish circumcision", "answer_start": 553}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"On the Jews and Their Lies\"", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "What did Martin Luther write in the 15th century?", "id": "5a5ad0c09c0277001abe71a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"blasphemous\"", "answer_start": 304}], "question": "What did Luther call Orthodox prayer?", "id": "5a5ad0c09c0277001abe71a9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Martin Luther", "answer_start": 75}], "question": "Who called the popes heratics?", "id": "5a5ad0c09c0277001abe71aa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Martin Luther", "answer_start": 75}], "question": "Who felt Jewish circumcision was spiritual?", "id": "5a5ad0c09c0277001abe71ab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In his work \"On the Jews and Their Lies\" (1543), German Reformation leader Martin Luther claims that Jewish history was \"assailed by much heresy\", and that Christ the logos swept away the Jewish heresy and goes on to do so, \"as it still does daily before our eyes.\" He stigmatizes Jewish Prayer as being \"blasphemous\" (sic) and a lie, and vilifies Jews in general as being spiritually \"blind\" and \"surely possessed by all devils.\" Luther calls the members of the Orthodox Catholic Church \"papists\" and heretics, and has a special spiritual problem with Jewish circumcision."}], ["Galileo Galilei dibawa sebelum Inkuisisi untuk bidaah, tetapi membayangkan pandangannya dan dihukum untuk tahanan rumah, di mana dia menghabiskan sisa hidupnya. Galileo didapati \"tersangka dengan sesat\", iaitu dengan memegang pendapat bahawa Matahari tidak bergerak di pusat alam semesta, bahawa Bumi tidak berada di pusat dan bergerak, dan ia boleh memegang dan mempertahankan pendapat sebagai kemungkinan selepas ia telah dinyatakan sebagai bertentangan dengan Kitab Suci. Dia dikehendaki untuk \"membubarkan, mengutuk dan membenci\" pendapat tersebut. <> Siapa dibawa sebelum Inkuisisi untuk bidaah tetapi meninggalkan kepercayaannya dan dengan itu terus ditahan di rumah untuk hidup? || Galileo Galilei <> Apakah kepercayaan Galileo pada waktu itu kelihatan sangat sesat terhadap gereja? || Matahari tidak bergerak di pusat alam semesta <> Siapa yang enggan menukar pandangan mereka sebelum Inquisistion itu? || <> Siapa yang mendapati Galileo bersalah atas sesat? || <> Siapa yang diperlukan untuk meninggalkan bumi adalah pusat alam semesta? || <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh jemaat itu boleh disahkan jika mengisytiharkan bertentangan dengan Kitab Suci ?? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was brought before the Inquisition for heresy but renounced his beliefs and thus remained under house arrest for life?", "id": "56de7126cffd8e1900b4b8e8", "answers": [{"text": "Galileo Galilei", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What belief did Galileo have at the time that appeared to be extremely heretical to the church?", "id": "56de7126cffd8e1900b4b8e9", "answers": [{"text": "the Sun lies motionless at the centre of the universe", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Galileo Galilei", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who refused to change their views before the Inquisistion?", "id": "5a5acd7b9c0277001abe7190", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Inquisition", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "Who found Galileo guilty of heresy?", "id": "5a5acd7b9c0277001abe7191", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Galileo Galilei", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who was required to renounce that the earth was the center of the universe?", "id": "5a5acd7b9c0277001abe7192", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "an opinion", "answer_start": 388}], "question": "What did the church say could be probale if declare contrary to Holy Scripture??", "id": "5a5acd7b9c0277001abe7193", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Galileo Galilei was brought before the Inquisition for heresy, but abjured his views and was sentenced to house arrest, under which he spent the rest of his life. Galileo was found \"vehemently suspect of heresy\", namely of having held the opinions that the Sun lies motionless at the centre of the universe, that the Earth is not at its centre and moves, and that one may hold and defend an opinion as probable after it has been declared contrary to Holy Scripture. He was required to \"abjure, curse and detest\" those opinions."}], ["Satu lagi contoh penganiayaan kaum bidaah di bawah pemerintahan Protestan adalah pelaksanaan martir Boston pada tahun 1659, 1660, dan 1661. Eksekusi ini disebabkan oleh tindakan orang-orang Puritan Anglikan, yang pada masa itu menggunakan kawalan politik dan gereja di Massachusetts Bay Colony. Pada masa itu, pemimpin koloni nampaknya berharap dapat mencapai visi mereka tentang \"teokrasi mutlak mutlak\" dalam koloni mereka. [Rujukan?] Oleh itu, mereka menyedari ajaran dan amalan mazhab Quaker yang bersifat sesat, bahkan sampai ke titik di mana undang-undang telah diluluskan dan hukuman mati dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk menghapuskan tanah jajahan mereka \"heresies\" yang dianggap. [perlu rujukan] Perlu diperhatikan bahawa perhubungan Ortodoks Timur dan Oriental Orthodoks secara umumnya menganggap orang Puritans sebagai heterodoks atau sesat. <> Selama bertahun-tahun apakah pelaksanaan syahid Boston berlaku? || 1659, 1660, dan 1661 <> Kumpulan mana yang bertanggungjawab atas kematian para martir Boston? || Anglikan Puritans <> Matlamat apa yang dipetik sebagai alasan pembunuhan ini berlaku? || purba teokrasi mutlak <> Apa kumpulan saingan yang dilakukan kaum Puritan Anglikan ingin dibersihkan dari kawasan mereka? || Quaker sect <> Mana dua kumpulan yang melihat Puritans sendiri sebagai tidak lebih daripada bidaah? || Ortodoks Timur dan Ortodoks Timur <> Siapa yang telah disempurnakan dalam jamuan ke-16? || <> Siapa yang memegang kawalan politik dan agama terhadap koloni Amerika? || <> Apa di mana para Quaker berusaha untuk mencapai di koloni? || <> Komuni apa yang juga dianggap sebagai Quakers heretikal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "During which years did the execution of the Boston martyrs take place?", "id": "56de71ee4396321400ee2911", "answers": [{"text": "1659, 1660, and 1661", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which group was responsible for the deaths of the Boston martyrs?", "id": "56de71ee4396321400ee2912", "answers": [{"text": "Anglican Puritans", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What goal is cited as the reason these killings took place?", "id": "56de71ee4396321400ee2913", "answers": [{"text": "purer absolute theocracy", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What rival group did the Anglican Puritans want purged from their area?", "id": "56de71ee4396321400ee2914", "answers": [{"text": "Quaker sect", "answer_start": 518}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two groups viewed the Puritans themselves as nothing more than heresy?", "id": "56de71ee4396321400ee2915", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox", "answer_start": 729}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Boston martyrs", "answer_start": 90}], "question": "Who was executed in the 16th entury?", "id": "5a5ad2d99c0277001abe71ba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Anglican Puritans", "answer_start": 184}], "question": "Who held political and religious control of the American colonies?", "id": "5a5ad2d99c0277001abe71bb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a \"purer absolute theocracy\"", "answer_start": 385}], "question": "What where the Quakers trying to achieve in the colonies?", "id": "5a5ad2d99c0277001abe71bc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox communions", "answer_start": 729}], "question": "What communions also considered the Quakers heretical?", "id": "5a5ad2d99c0277001abe71bd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Another example of the persecution of heretics under Protestant rule was the execution of the Boston martyrs in 1659, 1660, and 1661. These executions resulted from the actions of the Anglican Puritans, who at that time wielded political as well as ecclesiastic control in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. At the time, the colony leaders were apparently hoping to achieve their vision of a \"purer absolute theocracy\" within their colony .[citation needed] As such, they perceived the teachings and practices of the rival Quaker sect as heretical, even to the point where laws were passed and executions were performed with the aim of ridding their colony of such perceived \"heresies\".[citation needed] It should be noticed that the Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox communions generally regard the Puritans themselves as having been heterodox or heretical."}], ["Di England, Reformasi Eropah abad ke-16 mengakibatkan sejumlah hukuman mati atas tuduhan bidaah. Semasa pemerintahan Henry VIII yang berusia tiga puluh lapan tahun, kira-kira enam puluh orang bidaah, terutamanya Protestan, telah dibunuh dan sebilangan besar umat Katolik telah kehilangan nyawa mereka berdasarkan kesalahan politik seperti pengkhianatan, terutamanya Sir Thomas More dan Kardinal John Fisher, kerana menolak untuk menerima ketuanan raja atas Gereja di England. Di bawah Edward VI, undang-undang bidaah dimansuhkan pada tahun 1547 hanya untuk diperkenalkan semula pada 1554 oleh Mary I; walaupun begitu dua radikal dilaksanakan dalam pemerintahan Edward (satu untuk menafikan realiti penjelmaan, yang lain untuk menafikan ketuhanan Kristus). Di bawah Mary, kira-kira dua ratus sembilan puluh orang dibakar pada pegangan antara 1555 dan 1558 selepas pemulihan bidang kuasa kepausan. Ketika Elizabeth saya datang ke takhta, konsep bidaah dikekalkan dalam teori tetapi sangat dibatasi oleh Undang-undang Tertinggi 1559 dan seratus lapan puluh atau lebih Katolik yang telah dibunuh dalam masa empat puluh lima tahun pemerintahannya telah dihukum mati kerana mereka dianggap anggota \"... lajur kelima subversif.\" Pelaksanaan \"heretic\" yang terakhir di England berlaku di bawah James VI dan saya pada tahun 1612. Walaupun tuduhan itu secara teknikal salah satu \"penghujatan\" ada satu eksekusi kemudian di Scotland (masih pada masa itu sebuah kerajaan yang merdeka) ketika pada tahun 1697 Thomas Aikenhead dituduh, antara lain, menafikan doktrin Tritunggal. <> Apa peristiwa di England pada abad ke-16 yang telah menyebabkan banyak kematian untuk bidaah? || Reformasi Eropah <> Semasa pemerintahan raja apa 60 orang Protestan mati kerana sesat? || Henry VIII <> Apa dua tokoh penting yang dinamakan telah musnah kerana enggan melepaskan Gereja di England? || Sir Thomas More dan Cardinal John Fisher <> Di bawah mana raja adalah undang-undang bidaah yang dimansuhkan pada tahun 1547? || Edward VI <> Pada tahun berapa orang yang terakhir diketahui dihukum mati di England kerana bidaah? || 1612 <> Apa perubahan berlaku dalam 1600 || <> Semasa pemerintahan yang mana umat Katolik dieksekusi sebagai sesat? || <> Siapa yang melaksanakan Protestan berdasarkan alasan politik? || <> Apa protestan telah dilaksanakan kerana tidak mengiktiraf supremecy raja-raja? || <> Siapa yang memansuhkan undang-undang gengster pada abad ke-15? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What event in England during the 16th century had an outcome of many deaths for heresy?", "id": "56de71b2cffd8e1900b4b8fc", "answers": [{"text": "European Reformation", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what king's reign did 60 Protestants die for heresy?", "id": "56de71b2cffd8e1900b4b8fd", "answers": [{"text": "Henry VIII", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two notable figures are cited to have perished for refusing to give up the Church in England?", "id": "56de71b2cffd8e1900b4b8fe", "answers": [{"text": "Sir Thomas More and Cardinal John Fisher", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Under which king were the heresy laws repealed in 1547?", "id": "56de71b2cffd8e1900b4b8ff", "answers": [{"text": "Edward VI", "answer_start": 452}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the last known person sentenced to death in England for heresy?", "id": "56de71b2cffd8e1900b4b900", "answers": [{"text": "1612", "answer_start": 1234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "European Reformation", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "What rformation took place in the 1600's", "id": "5a5ad1eb9c0277001abe71b0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Henry VIII's", "answer_start": 140}], "question": "During who's reign were Catholics executed as heretics?", "id": "5a5ad1eb9c0277001abe71b1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Henry VIII's", "answer_start": 140}], "question": "Who executed Protestants on political grounds?", "id": "5a5ad1eb9c0277001abe71b2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sir Thomas More and Cardinal John Fisher", "answer_start": 332}], "question": "What protestants were executed for not recognizing the kings supremecy?", "id": "5a5ad1eb9c0277001abe71b3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Edward VI", "answer_start": 452}], "question": "Who repealed the heresey laws in the 15th century?", "id": "5a5ad1eb9c0277001abe71b4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In England, the 16th-century European Reformation resulted in a number of executions on charges of heresy. During the thirty-eight years of Henry VIII's reign, about sixty heretics, mainly Protestants, were executed and a rather greater number of Catholics lost their lives on grounds of political offences such as treason, notably Sir Thomas More and Cardinal John Fisher, for refusing to accept the king's supremacy over the Church in England. Under Edward VI, the heresy laws were repealed in 1547 only to be reintroduced in 1554 by Mary I; even so two radicals were executed in Edward's reign (one for denying the reality of the incarnation, the other for denying Christ's divinity). Under Mary, around two hundred and ninety people were burned at the stake between 1555 and 1558 after the restoration of papal jurisdiction. When Elizabeth I came to the throne, the concept of heresy was retained in theory but severely restricted by the 1559 Act of Supremacy and the one hundred and eighty or so Catholics who were executed in the forty-five years of her reign were put to death because they were considered members of \"...a subversive fifth column.\" The last execution of a \"heretic\" in England occurred under James VI and I in 1612. Although the charge was technically one of \"blasphemy\" there was one later execution in Scotland (still at that date an entirely independent kingdom) when in 1697 Thomas Aikenhead was accused, among other things, of denying the doctrine of the Trinity."}], ["Di dalam Gereja Katolik Roma, bidaah yang nyata dan sengaja dianggap sebagai pemotongan rohani dari Gereja, walaupun sebelum pengucilan dilakukan. The Codex Justinianus (1: 5: 12) mendefinisikan \"setiap orang yang tidak setia kepada Gereja Katolik dan kepada iman kita Ortodoks suci\". Jemaat selalu menghadapi kekerasan dengan agama Kristian yang dianggapnya sesat, tetapi sebelum abad ke-11 ini cenderung menjadi pusat pengkhotbah individu atau sekte lokal yang kecil, seperti Arianisme, Pelagianisme, Donatisme, Marcionisme dan Montanisme. Penyebaran mazhab Paulik yang hampir Manichaean di sebelah barat melahirkan bidaid abad ke-11 dan ke-12 yang terkenal di Eropah Barat. Yang pertama adalah Bogomils di zaman moden Bosnia, sejenis tempat perlindungan antara Kristian Timur dan Barat. Menjelang abad ke-11, kumpulan yang lebih teratur seperti Patarini, Dulcinians, Waldensians dan Cathars mula muncul di bandar-bandar dan bandar-bandar Itali utara, selatan Perancis dan Flanders. <> Apa yang dipikirkan untuk memotong satu roh dari Gereja sebelum pengucilan? || <b> Buku apa yang memberi takrif tentang seorang bidaah sebagai orang yang tidak mengikuti Gereja Katolik atau iman suci ortodoks? || The Codex Justinianus <> Apa kumpulan yang disebut sebagai dianggap sesat oleh Gereja sebelum abad ke-11? || Arianisme, Pelagianisme, Donatisme, Marcionisme dan Montanisme <> Kumpulan apa yang bergerak ke arah barat untuk menimbulkan bidaah terkenal abad ke-11 dan ke-12 di barat Eropah? || Paulicians <> Apakah kumpulan-kumpulan yang mula muncul di utara Itali dan selatan Perancis pada abad ke-11? || Patarini, Dulcinians, Waldensian dan Cathars <> Apa yang dianggap sebagai alasan untuk memotong seseorang dari gereja? || <> Bilakah gereja berhenti berurusan dengan heritics? || <> Apakah mazhab itu menyebarkan barat dari 1100's-1200? || <> Apa yang terjadi di Itali utara semasa tahun 1100? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is thought of to spiritually cut one off from the Church even before excommunication?", "id": "56de71014396321400ee28f1", "answers": [{"text": "obstinate and willful manifest heresy", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What book gives the definition of a heretic as anyone that does not follow the Catholic Church or the orthodox holy faith?", "id": "56de71014396321400ee28f2", "answers": [{"text": "The Codex Justinianus", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What groups are cited as being considered heretical by the Church before the 11th century?", "id": "56de71014396321400ee28f3", "answers": [{"text": "Arianism, Pelagianism, Donatism, Marcionism and Montanism", "answer_start": 506}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group moved westward to give rise to the famous 11th and 12th century heresy in western Europe?", "id": "56de71014396321400ee28f4", "answers": [{"text": "Paulicians", "answer_start": 612}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What groups began to appear in northern Italy and southern France during the 11th century?", "id": "56de71014396321400ee28f5", "answers": [{"text": "Patarini, the Dulcinians, the Waldensians and the Cathars", "answer_start": 882}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "obstinate and willful manifest heresy", "answer_start": 30}], "question": "What is considered a reason to cut someone off from the church?", "id": "5a5ac2cd9c0277001abe7180", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "11th century", "answer_start": 411}], "question": "When did the Church stop dealing harshly with heritics?", "id": "5a5ac2cd9c0277001abe7181", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Manichaean sect of Paulicians", "answer_start": 593}], "question": "What sect was spreading west from the 1100's-1200's?", "id": "5a5ac2cd9c0277001abe7182", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "more organised groups such as the Patarini, the Dulcinians, the Waldensians and the Cathars were beginning to appear", "answer_start": 848}], "question": "What happened in northern Italy during the 1100's?", "id": "5a5ac2cd9c0277001abe7183", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the Roman Catholic Church, obstinate and willful manifest heresy is considered to spiritually cut one off from the Church, even before excommunication is incurred. The Codex Justinianus (1:5:12) defines \"everyone who is not devoted to the Catholic Church and to our Orthodox holy Faith\" a heretic. The Church had always dealt harshly with strands of Christianity that it considered heretical, but before the 11th century these tended to centre around individual preachers or small localised sects, like Arianism, Pelagianism, Donatism, Marcionism and Montanism. The diffusion of the almost Manichaean sect of Paulicians westwards gave birth to the famous 11th and 12th century heresies of Western Europe. The first one was that of Bogomils in modern day Bosnia, a sort of sanctuary between Eastern and Western Christianity. By the 11th century, more organised groups such as the Patarini, the Dulcinians, the Waldensians and the Cathars were beginning to appear in the towns and cities of northern Italy, southern France and Flanders."}], ["Sultan Uthmaniyyah Selim the Grim, menganggap Syiah Qizilbash sebagai bidah, dilaporkan mengisytiharkan bahawa \"pembunuhan seorang Syiah mempunyai ganjaran yang lain seperti membunuh 70 orang Kristiani.\" <> Kelompok apa yang membuat label Sultan Selim sebagai Gret? || Shia Qizilbash <> Berapa jumlah orang Kristian yang Selim yang Grim menyamakan dengan pembunuhan seorang Syiah? || 70 <> Yang menganggap orang Kristian lebih sesat daripada Syiah? || <> Siapa yang membunuh 70 orang Kristian? || <> Berapa ramai orang Kristian yang perlu dibunuh untuk mendapatkan ganjaran yang lain? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What group did Sultan Selim the Grim label as heretics?", "id": "56de7251cffd8e1900b4b910", "answers": [{"text": "Shia Qizilbash", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What number of Christians did Selim the Grim equate to the killing of one Shiite?", "id": "56de7251cffd8e1900b4b911", "answers": [{"text": "70", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ottoman Sultan Selim the Grim", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who considered Christians more heretical than Shiite?", "id": "5a5ad57e9c0277001abe71d4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ottoman Sultan Selim the Grim", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who killed 70 Christians?", "id": "5a5ad57e9c0277001abe71d5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "70 Christians", "answer_start": 169}], "question": "How many Christians needed to be killed to get an otherworldly reward?", "id": "5a5ad57e9c0277001abe71d6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Ottoman Sultan Selim the Grim, regarded the Shia Qizilbash as heretics, reportedly proclaimed that \"the killing of one Shiite had as much otherworldly reward as killing 70 Christians.\""}], ["Tindakan menggunakan teknik-teknik Scientology Gereja dalam bentuk yang berbeza daripada yang asalnya digambarkan oleh Hubbard disebut dalam Scientology sebagai \"tupai\" dan dikatakan oleh ahli sains untuk menjadi pengkhianatan yang tinggi. Pusat Teknologi Agama telah mendakwa kumpulan pemisahan yang telah mengamalkan Scientology di luar Gereja rasmi tanpa kebenaran. <> Istilah apa yang digunakan untuk menggunakan teknik Gereja Scientology berbeza dengan apa yang dibayangkan oleh Hubbard? || squirreling <> Institusi apa yang telah mendakwa kumpulan yang berlatih di luar Gereja rasmi tanpa izin? || Pusat Teknologi Agama <> Siapa yang merumuskan Scientology membuat kumpulan serpihan sesat? || <> Siapa yang menuduh Curch Scientology of squirrelling? || <> Organisasi apa yang telah memulakan beberapa kumpulan pemisahan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What term is used for the act of using Church of Scientology techniques in contrast to what Hubbard envisioned?", "id": "56de728f4396321400ee2925", "answers": [{"text": "squirreling", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What institution has prosecuted groups that practice outside the official Church without permission?", "id": "56de728f4396321400ee2926", "answers": [{"text": "The Religious Technology Center", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hubbard", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "Who reformed Scientology making splinter groups heretical?", "id": "5a5ad9109c0277001abe71e8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "breakaway groups", "answer_start": 255}], "question": "Who accuses the Curch of Scientology of squirrelling?", "id": "5a5ad9109c0277001abe71e9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Religious Technology Center", "answer_start": 208}], "question": "What organization has started several breakaway groups?", "id": "5a5ad9109c0277001abe71ea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The act of using Church of Scientology techniques in a form different than originally described by Hubbard is referred to within Scientology as \"squirreling\" and is said by Scientologists to be high treason. The Religious Technology Center has prosecuted breakaway groups that have practiced Scientology outside the official Church without authorization."}], ["Mungkin kerana banyak konotasi negatif moden yang berkaitan dengan istilah bidaah, seperti inkuesian Sepanyol, istilah ini jarang digunakan hari ini. Subjek bidaah Kristian membuka soalan-soalan yang lebih luas tentang siapa yang mempunyai monopoli terhadap kebenaran rohani, seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Jorge Luis Borges dalam cerita pendek \"Theologians\" dalam Labyrinths kompilasi. <> Peristiwa apa yang dinyatakan sebagai sebab mengapa kata bidaah digunakan kurang kerap dalam zaman moden? || Inkuisisi Sepanyol <> Siapa pengarang cerita pendek \"Theologians\"? || Jorge Luis Borges <> Subjek apa yang menjadi persoalan siapa yang mempunyai monopoli mengenai kebenaran rohani? || Ajaran sesat Kristian <> Apa peristiwa yang telah menjadikan perkataan bidaah biasa? || <> Apa soalan bidaah Kristian? || <> Siapa yang menulis mengenai penyimpangan di gereja Kristian? || <> Perkataan apa yang mempunyai makna moden? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What event is stated as a reason why the word heretic is used less often in modern times?", "id": "56de723e4396321400ee291b", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish inquisition", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the author of the short story \"The Theologians\"?", "id": "56de723e4396321400ee291c", "answers": [{"text": "Jorge Luis Borges", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What subject does the question of who has a monopoly on spiritual truth regard?", "id": "56de723e4396321400ee291d", "answers": [{"text": "Christian heresy", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spanish inquisition", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "What event has made the word heresy common?", "id": "5a5ad4db9c0277001abe71cc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "who has a monopoly on spiritual truth", "answer_start": 220}], "question": "What do Christian heretics question?", "id": "5a5ad4db9c0277001abe71cd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jorge Luis Borges", "answer_start": 274}], "question": "Who wrote about heresey in the Christian church?", "id": "5a5ad4db9c0277001abe71ce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "heretic", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "What word has many modern meanings?", "id": "5a5ad4db9c0277001abe71cf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Perhaps due to the many modern negative connotations associated with the term heretic, such as the Spanish inquisition, the term is used less often today. The subject of Christian heresy opens up broader questions as to who has a monopoly on spiritual truth, as explored by Jorge Luis Borges in the short story \"The Theologians\" within the compilation Labyrinths."}], ["Dalam sesetengah negara moden dan wilayah di mana undang-undang Syariah secara kononnya diamalkan, bidaah kekal sebagai kesalahan yang boleh dihukum oleh kematian. Satu contoh ialah fatwa 1989 yang dikeluarkan oleh kerajaan Iran, yang menawarkan limpah kurniaan yang besar bagi sesiapa yang berjaya dalam pembunuhan pengarang Salman Rushdie, yang tulisannya diisytiharkan sebagai sesat. <> Apa jenis undang-undang yang masih dalam amalan di mana bidah mengakibatkan pelaksanaan? || Undang-undang syariah <> Apa pengarang yang diisytiharkan sebagai seorang bidaah dan mempunyai karunia yang ditempatkan di kepalanya oleh pemerintah Iran? || Salman Rushdie <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh Salman Rushdie adalah sesat? || <> Apa yang hanya boleh dihukum oleh kematian di mana undang-undang Syariah diamalkan? || <> Negara apakah yang mengisytiharkan undang-undang Syariah pada tahun 1989? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of law is still in practice in which heresy results in execution?", "id": "56de725c4396321400ee2921", "answers": [{"text": "Sharia law", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What author was declared a heretic and had a bounty placed on his head by the government of Iran?", "id": "56de725c4396321400ee2922", "answers": [{"text": "Salman Rushdie", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sharia law", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "What did Salman Rushdie say was heretical?", "id": "5a5ad6679c0277001abe71da", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "heresy", "answer_start": 84}], "question": "What is only punisable by death where Sharia law is practiced?", "id": "5a5ad6679c0277001abe71db", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Iran", "answer_start": 189}], "question": "What country declare Sharia law in 1989?", "id": "5a5ad6679c0277001abe71dc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In some modern day nations and regions in which Sharia law is ostensibly practiced, heresy remains an offense punishable by death. One example is the 1989 fatwa issued by the government of Iran, offering a substantial bounty for anyone who succeeds in the assassination of author Salman Rushdie, whose writings were declared as heretical."}], ["Istilah bidaah juga digunakan sebagai pelukis ideologis untuk penulis kontemporari kerana, secara definisi, bidaah bergantung pada kontras dengan ortodoksi yang telah ditetapkan. Sebagai contoh, penggunaan kontemporari lidah dalam konteks bidaah, seperti mengkategorikan \"bidaah Wall Street\" yang \"bidah demokratik\" atau \"bid'ah republik,\" adalah metafora yang selalu mengekalkan subteks yang menghubungkan ortodoks dalam geologi atau biologi atau mana-mana bidang lain untuk agama. Rasa metafora yang diperluaskan ini merujuk kepada perbezaan antara pandangan orang dan arus perdana dan keberanian orang tersebut dalam memperjelaskan pandangan ini. <> Dengan definisi, kontras apa yang bertentangan dengan bidaah? || ortodoki yang tegas <> Apa gunaan perkataan adalah bidaah perkataan yang lazim digunakan dalam senario hari ini? || metafora <> Apa ortodoksi bergantung pada? || <> Apa istilah memperluaskan definisi agama? || <> Apa yang menunjukkan persamaan antara kepercayaan individu dan keyakinan utama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "By definition, what contrast does heresy depend on?", "id": "56de73fbcffd8e1900b4b936", "answers": [{"text": "an established orthodoxy", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What figure of speech is the word heresy commonly used as in present day scenarios?", "id": "56de73fbcffd8e1900b4b937", "answers": [{"text": "metaphors", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "heresy", "answer_start": 107}], "question": "What does orthodoxy depend on?", "id": "5a5ade449c0277001abe7206", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "heresy,", "answer_start": 313}], "question": "What term expands the definition of religion?", "id": "5a5ade449c0277001abe7207", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "heresy,", "answer_start": 313}], "question": "What points out the similarities between an individuals beliefs and mainstream beliefs?", "id": "5a5ade449c0277001abe7208", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The term heresy is also used as an ideological pigeonhole for contemporary writers because, by definition, heresy depends on contrasts with an established orthodoxy. For example, the tongue-in-cheek contemporary usage of heresy, such as to categorize a \"Wall Street heresy\" a \"Democratic heresy\" or a \"Republican heresy,\" are metaphors that invariably retain a subtext that links orthodoxies in geology or biology or any other field to religion. These expanded metaphoric senses allude to both the difference between the person's views and the mainstream and the boldness of such a person in propounding these views."}], ["Ahli paleontologi revisionist Robert T. Bakker, yang menerbitkan penemuannya sebagai The Dinosaur Heresies, merawat pandangan dinaraur dinamik sebagai dogma. \"Saya sangat menghormati paleontologi dinosaur sebelum dan sekarang, tetapi secara purata, selama lima puluh tahun yang lalu, bidang ini tidak menguji ortodoksi dinosaur dengan cukup teruk.\" halaman 27 \"Kebanyakan ahli taksonomi, bagaimanapun, telah melihat terminologi baru seperti membahayakan kestabilan terhadap skema tradisional dan terkenal ...\" halaman 462. Buku ini nampaknya mempengaruhi Jurassic Park. Ilustrasi oleh pengarang menunjukkan dinosaurus dalam pose yang sangat aktif, berbeza dengan persepsi tradisional tentang kelesuan. Dia adalah contoh endoheretik saintifik terkini. <> Apakah tajuk buku yang diterbitkan oleh Robert T. Bakker mengenai pendapat arus perdana dinosaur? || The Dinosaur Heresies <> Apa kritikan Robert T. Bakker berkongsi tentang masyarakat paleontologi berkenaan dengan lima puluh tahun yang lalu? || bidang ini belum diuji ortodoksi dinosaur sangat teruk <> Filem apa yang dikatakan oleh Robert T. Bakker? || Jurassic Park <> Apakah jenis pingat yang menunjukkan ilustrasi buku menggambarkan dinosaur sebagai? || pose aktif <> Apakah label yang dikaitkan dengan Robert T. Bakker sebagai akibat dari kerjanya? || endoheretic <> Siapakah contoh moden dari eksoheretik? || <> Filem apa yang Bakker mendasarkan bukunya? || <> Apa yang Bakker mengkritik komuniti paleontologi untuk menghabiskan ujian lima puluh tahun? || <> Apa yang dilihat oleh Bakker sebagai penyusutan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the title of the book published by Robert T. Bakker regarding mainstream opinion of dinosaurs?", "id": "56de73d0cffd8e1900b4b92c", "answers": [{"text": "The Dinosaur Heresies", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What criticism did Robert T. Bakker share about the paleontologist community regarding the last fifty years?", "id": "56de73d0cffd8e1900b4b92d", "answers": [{"text": "the field hasn't tested dinosaur orthodoxy severely enough", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What film did Robert T. Bakker's book reportedly influence?", "id": "56de73d0cffd8e1900b4b92e", "answers": [{"text": "Jurassic Park", "answer_start": 513}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of poses did the book's illustrations portray dinosaurs as?", "id": "56de73d0cffd8e1900b4b92f", "answers": [{"text": "active poses", "answer_start": 583}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What label is associated with Robert T. Bakker as a result of his work?", "id": "56de73d0cffd8e1900b4b930", "answers": [{"text": "endoheretic", "answer_start": 692}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Robert T. Bakker", "answer_start": 31}], "question": "Who is a modern example of an exoheretic?", "id": "5a5adcad9c0277001abe71f6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jurassic Park", "answer_start": 513}], "question": "What film did Bakker base his book off of?", "id": "5a5adcad9c0277001abe71f7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dinosaur orthodoxy", "answer_start": 291}], "question": "What did Bakker criticize the paleontology community for spenting fifty years testing?", "id": "5a5adcad9c0277001abe71f8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "new terminology", "answer_start": 381}], "question": "What did Bakker see as destabalizing?", "id": "5a5adcad9c0277001abe71f9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The revisionist paleontologist Robert T. Bakker, who published his findings as The Dinosaur Heresies, treated the mainstream view of dinosaurs as dogma. \"I have enormous respect for dinosaur paleontologists past and present. But on average, for the last fifty years, the field hasn't tested dinosaur orthodoxy severely enough.\" page 27 \"Most taxonomists, however, have viewed such new terminology as dangerously destabilizing to the traditional and well-known scheme...\" page 462. This book apparently influenced Jurassic Park. The illustrations by the author show dinosaurs in very active poses, in contrast to the traditional perception of lethargy. He is an example of a recent scientific endoheretic."}], ["Immanuel Velikovsky adalah contoh eksoheretik saintifik baru-baru ini; dia tidak mempunyai kelayakan saintifik yang sesuai atau tidak menyiarkan dalam jurnal saintifik. Walaupun butir-butir kerjanya dalam rasa benci saintifik, konsep perubahan bencana (peristiwa kepupusan dan keseimbangan yang terlewat) telah diterima dalam beberapa dekad kebelakangan ini. <> Label apa yang dikaitkan dengan Immanuel Velikovsky kerana kerja-kerjanya di luar disiplin yang diterima? || exoheretic <> Apa mediumnya Immanuel Velikovsky tidak menerbitkan karya-karyanya dalam amalan yang diterima? || jurnal saintifik <> Apa dua contoh idea dari Immanuel Velikovsky dinyatakan sebagai telah mendapat beberapa penerimaan? || peristiwa kepupusan dan keseimbangan yang dibaca <> Siapa yang terkini endoheretik saintifik? || <> Apa yang Velikovsky terbitkan? || <> Apakah idea-idea Velvovsky dalam rasa tidak puas hati? || <> Siapa yang bekerja secara meluas kecuali di kalangan saintis hari ini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What label is associated with Immanuel Velikovsky due to his works outside the accepted discipline?", "id": "56de73eb4396321400ee2933", "answers": [{"text": "exoheretic", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What medium did Immanuel Velikovsky not publish his works in that is accepted practice?", "id": "56de73eb4396321400ee2934", "answers": [{"text": "scientific journals", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two examples of ideas from Immanuel Velikovsky are stated as to have gained some acceptance?", "id": "56de73eb4396321400ee2935", "answers": [{"text": "extinction event and punctuated equilibrium", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Immanuel Velikovsky", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who is a recent scientific endoheretic?", "id": "5a5add719c0277001abe71fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "scientific journals", "answer_start": 142}], "question": "What did Velikovsky publish in?", "id": "5a5add719c0277001abe71ff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "extinction event and punctuated equilibrium", "answer_start": 258}], "question": "What ideas of Velvovsky are in disrepute?", "id": "5a5add719c0277001abe7200", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Immanuel Velikovsky", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who's work is widely excepted among scientest today?", "id": "5a5add719c0277001abe7201", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Immanuel Velikovsky is an example of a recent scientific exoheretic; he did not have appropriate scientific credentials or did not publish in scientific journals. While the details of his work are in scientific disrepute, the concept of catastrophic change (extinction event and punctuated equilibrium) has gained acceptance in recent decades."}], ["Dalam konteks lain, istilah ini tidak semestinya mempunyai sifat-sifat negatif dan mungkin menjadi percuma apabila digunakan, dalam bidang di mana inovasi dialu-alukan, idea-idea yang tidak bersetuju dengan status quo dalam sebarang amalan dan cawangan pengetahuan. Ahli sains / penulis Isaac Asimov dianggap sebagai bidaah sebagai abstraksi, pandangan Asimov berada dalam Forward: Peranan Heretic. menyebutkan bidaah agama, politik, sosioekonomi dan sains. Dia membahagikan bidaah saintifik ke dalam endoheretics (orang-orang dari dalam komuniti saintifik) dan exoheretics (mereka dari tanpa). Ciri-ciri yang diberikan kepada kedua-dua contoh dan kedua-dua jenis ini ditawarkan. Asimov menyimpulkan bahawa sains ortodoksi membela diri dengan baik terhadap endoheretics (dengan mengawal pendidikan sains, geran dan penerbitan sebagai contoh), tetapi hampir tidak berdaya melawan exoheretics. Dia mengakui dengan contoh bahawa sesat telah berulang kali menjadi ortodoksi. <> Apa yang mesti dialu-alukan di dalam kawasan untuk istilah ini dianggap sebagai percuma? || inovasi <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh Isaac Asimov sebagai sesat? || abstraksi <> Jenis mana jenis bidaah yang komuniti saintifik yang lengkap untuk mempertahankan dirinya? || endoheretics <> Apa yang bidaah dalam komuniti saintifik berulang kali menjadi? || ortodoksi <> Apa istilah yang selalu mempunyai nada negatif? || <> Siapa yang tidak percaya kepada sesat? || <> Siapa yang tidak lengkap untuk menangani endoherectics? || <> Siapa yang tidak berdaya melawan endoheretics? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What must be welcomed in areas for the term do be perceived as complimentary?", "id": "56de739f4396321400ee2929", "answers": [{"text": "innovation", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Isaac Asimov consider heresy as?", "id": "56de739f4396321400ee292a", "answers": [{"text": "an abstraction", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which type of heresy is the scientific community well equipped to defend itself against?", "id": "56de739f4396321400ee292c", "answers": [{"text": "endoheretics", "answer_start": 491}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has heresy within the scientific community repeatedly become?", "id": "56de739f4396321400ee292d", "answers": [{"text": "orthodoxy", "answer_start": 696}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "heresy", "answer_start": 301}], "question": "What term always has negatie overtones?", "id": "5a5adb7e9c0277001abe71ee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Isaac Asimov", "answer_start": 277}], "question": "Who did not believe in heresy?", "id": "5a5adb7e9c0277001abe71ef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "science orthodoxy", "answer_start": 688}], "question": "Who is not well equipped to deal with endoherectics?", "id": "5a5adb7e9c0277001abe71f0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the scientific community", "answer_start": 523}], "question": "Who is powerless against endoheretics?", "id": "5a5adb7e9c0277001abe71f1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In other contexts the term does not necessarily have pejorative overtones and may even be complimentary when used, in areas where innovation is welcome, of ideas that are in fundamental disagreement with the status quo in any practice and branch of knowledge. Scientist/author Isaac Asimov considered heresy as an abstraction, Asimov's views are in Forward: The Role of the Heretic. mentioning religious, political, socioeconomic and scientific heresies. He divided scientific heretics into endoheretics (those from within the scientific community) and exoheretics (those from without). Characteristics were ascribed to both and examples of both kinds were offered. Asimov concluded that science orthodoxy defends itself well against endoheretics (by control of science education, grants and publication as examples), but is nearly powerless against exoheretics. He acknowledged by examples that heresy has repeatedly become orthodoxy."}], ["Yudaisme Ortodoks memandang pandangan orang Yahudi yang berlepas dari prinsip-prinsip Yahudi tradisi kepercayaan sesat. Di samping itu, kumpulan sayap kanan di dalam agama Yahudi Ortodoks memegang bahawa semua orang Yahudi yang menolak makna sederhana dari 13 prinsip Maimonides adalah kepercayaan Yahudi. Oleh itu, sebahagian besar agama Yahudi Ortodoks menganggap gerakan Yahudi pembaharuan dan Rekonstruksikan Yahudi, dan menganggap kebanyakan Yahudi Konservatif sebagai sesat. Sayap liberal Modern Orthodoksi lebih toleran terhadap Konservatif Yudaisme, khususnya sayap kanannya, karena ada beberapa pertindihan teologis dan praktis di antara kelompok-kelompok ini. <> Apakah agama Yahudi Ortodoks menganggap orang Yahudi yang berlepas dari amalan tradisional? || heretikal <> Apa penjajaran dalam Judaisme Ortodoks memandang individu sebagai bidaah yang menolak 13 prinsip Maimonides dari iman Yahudi? || kumpulan sayap kanan <> Sayap bait Ortodoks mana yang dinyatakan sebagai mempunyai pandangan yang lebih toleran terhadap Yudaisme Konservatif? || Sayap liberal <> Yang mengutuk ajaran Maimonides? || <> Siapa yang menganggap prinsip Yahudi kebetulan tradisional? || <> Who doeas Conservative Judaism concider heretical? || <> Apa yang berlaku dalam Judaisme Pembaharuan dan Rekonstruksi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does Orthodox Judaism regard Jews who depart from traditional practices as?", "id": "56de7280cffd8e1900b4b914", "answers": [{"text": "heretical", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What alignment within Orthodox Judaism view individuals as heretics that reject Maimonides's 13 principles of Jewish faith?", "id": "56de7280cffd8e1900b4b915", "answers": [{"text": "right-wing groups", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which wing of Orthodox Judaism is stated as having a more tolerant view of Conservative Judaism?", "id": "56de7280cffd8e1900b4b917", "answers": [{"text": "The liberal wing", "answer_start": 449}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Orthodox Judaism", "answer_start": 166}], "question": "Who denounces the teachings of Maimonides?", "id": "5a5ad8379c0277001abe71e0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Orthodox Judaism", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who considers traditional jewish principles heretical?", "id": "5a5ad8379c0277001abe71e1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism", "answer_start": 336}], "question": "Who doeas Conservative Judaism concider heretical?", "id": "5a5ad8379c0277001abe71e2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "some theological and practical overlap", "answer_start": 569}], "question": "What overlaps in Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism?", "id": "5a5ad8379c0277001abe71e3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Orthodox Judaism considers views on the part of Jews who depart from traditional Jewish principles of faith heretical. In addition, the more right-wing groups within Orthodox Judaism hold that all Jews who reject the simple meaning of Maimonides's 13 principles of Jewish faith are heretics. As such, most of Orthodox Judaism considers Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism heretical movements, and regards most of Conservative Judaism as heretical. The liberal wing of Modern Orthodoxy is more tolerant of Conservative Judaism, particularly its right wing, as there is some theological and practical overlap between these groups."}]], [["Pada bulan April 1954 Adenauer membuat lawatan pertamanya ke mesyuarat Amerika Syarikat, Nixon, Eisenhower dan Dulles. Pengesahan EDC telah melambatkan tetapi wakil AS menyatakan dengan jelas kepada Adenauer bahawa EDC perlu menjadi sebahagian daripada NATO. <> Dalam tahun apakah Konrad Adenauer pertama kali melawat Amerika Syarikat? || 1954 <> Siapa yang membuat lawatannya ke AS pada April 1954? || <> Siapa yang bertemu dengan Nixon, Eisenhower dan Dulles pada bulan Mei 1954? || <> Siapa yang membuatnya jelas kepada Adenauer bahawa NATO perlu menjadi sebahagian daripada EDC? || <> Apa yang tiada penangguhan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Konrad Adenauer first visit the United States?", "id": "56df0bf73277331400b4d919", "answers": [{"text": "1954", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Adenauer", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "Who made his second visit to the US in April 1954?", "id": "5ad56da45b96ef001a10ae8e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Adenauer", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "Who met Nixon, Eisenhower and Dulles in May 1954?", "id": "5ad56da45b96ef001a10ae8f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "US representatives", "answer_start": 134}], "question": "Who made it clear to Adenauer that NATO would have to become part of the EDC?", "id": "5ad56da45b96ef001a10ae90", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ratification of EDC", "answer_start": 93}], "question": "What had no delays?", "id": "5ad56da45b96ef001a10ae91", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In April 1954 Adenauer made his first visit to the USA meeting Nixon, Eisenhower and Dulles. Ratification of EDC was delaying but the US representatives made it clear to Adenauer that EDC would have to become a part of NATO."}], ["Sekali lagi semua cadangan, termasuk permintaan untuk menyertai NATO, ditolak oleh kerajaan UK, AS, dan Perancis tidak lama kemudian. Emblematic adalah kedudukan British General Hastings Ismay, penyokong pengembangan NATO, yang mengatakan bahawa NATO \"mesti berkembang sehingga seluruh dunia bebas mendapat di bawah satu payung.\" Dia menentang permintaan untuk bergabung dengan NATO yang dibuat oleh USSR pada tahun 1954 dengan mengatakan bahawa \"permintaan Soviet untuk bergabung dengan NATO adalah seperti pencuri yang tidak bersalah meminta untuk bergabung dengan pasukan polisi\". <> Siapa umum yang bercakap terhadap ASSR menyertai NATO? || Hastings Ismay <> Kepada apa yang dikatakan oleh jeneral British terhadap USSR dalam pembangkang mereka untuk menyertai NATO? || pencuri <> Permintaan USSR untuk menyertai NATO diterima oleh pemerintah mana? || <> Perancis Umum Hastings Ismay adalah penyokong apa? || <> Siapa yang menyokong permintaan 1954 USSR untuk menyertai NATO? || <> Perancis Umum Hastings Ismay membandingkan USSR yang menyertai NATO untuk apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the general who spoke out against the USSR joining NATO?", "id": "56df0af2c65bf219000b3ef3", "answers": [{"text": "Hastings Ismay", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what did the British general compare the USSR in his opposition to their joining NATO?", "id": "56df0af2c65bf219000b3ef4", "answers": [{"text": "burglar", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "UK, US, and French", "answer_start": 74}], "question": "The USSR's request to join NATO was accepted by which governments?", "id": "5ad56d0c5b96ef001a10ae7c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "NATO expansion", "answer_start": 196}], "question": "French General Hastings Ismay was a supporter of what?", "id": "5ad56d0c5b96ef001a10ae7d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hastings Ismay", "answer_start": 167}], "question": "Who supported the USSR's 1954 request to join NATO?", "id": "5ad56d0c5b96ef001a10ae7e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "an unrepentant burglar requesting to join the police force", "answer_start": 409}], "question": "French General Hastings Ismay compared the USSR joining NATO to what?", "id": "5ad56d0c5b96ef001a10ae7f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Again all proposals, including the request to join NATO, were rejected by UK, US, and French governments shortly after. Emblematic was the position of British General Hastings Ismay, supporter of NATO expansion, who said that NATO \"must grow until the whole free world gets under one umbrella.\" He opposed the request to join NATO made by the USSR in 1954 saying that \"the Soviet request to join NATO is like an unrepentant burglar requesting to join the police force\"."}], ["Pada 25 Februari 1991, Pact diisytiharkan pada penghujung pada mesyuarat pertahanan dan menteri luar dari negara-negara yang tinggal mesyuarat di Hungaria. Pada 1 Julai 1991, Presiden Czechoslovakia V\u00e1clav Havel secara rasmi mengisytiharkan berakhirnya Pertubuhan Perjanjian Warsaw Persahabatan, Kerjasama, dan Bantuan Bersama yang telah ditubuhkan pada tahun 1955. USSR itu sendiri dibubarkan pada bulan Disember 1991. <> Di negara mana Adakah mesyuarat pembubaran Pakta Warsaw berlaku? || Hungary <> Siapa presiden Czechoslovakia semasa pembubaran Perjanjian Warsaw? || V\u00e1clav Havel <> Negara mana yang dibubarkan pada bulan Februari 1991? || <> Siapa presiden Hungary semasa pembubaran Perjanjian Warsaw? || <> Pact berakhir pada mesyuarat 1 Julai 1991 di mana negara? || <> Negara manakah yang mengadakan mesyuarat 1 Julai 1991 untuk membubarkan Perjanjian Warsaw? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In which country did the Warsaw Pact dissolution meeting take place?", "id": "56de83e34396321400ee29c6", "answers": [{"text": "Hungary", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the president of Czechoslovakia during the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact? ", "id": "56df006ec65bf219000b3ec0", "answers": [{"text": "V\u00e1clav Havel", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "USSR", "answer_start": 358}], "question": "Which country was dissolved in February 1991?", "id": "5ad550815b96ef001a10ac98", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "V\u00e1clav Havel", "answer_start": 195}], "question": "Who was the president of Hungary during the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact?", "id": "5ad550815b96ef001a10ac99", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hungary", "answer_start": 143}], "question": "The Pact ended at a 1 July 1991 meeting in which country?", "id": "5ad550815b96ef001a10ac9a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hungary", "answer_start": 143}], "question": "Which country held the 1 July 1991 meeting to dissolve the Warsaw Pact?", "id": "5ad550815b96ef001a10ac9b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On 25 February 1991, the Pact was declared at an end at a meeting of defense and foreign ministers from the remaining member states meeting in Hungary. On 1 July 1991, the Czechoslovak President V\u00e1clav Havel formally declared an end to the Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance which had been established in 1955. The USSR itself was dissolved in December 1991."}], ["Sebelum penciptaan Pakta Warsaw, ketakutan yang ditimbulkan oleh Jerman, kepimpinan Czechoslovak berusaha mewujudkan perjanjian keselamatan dengan Jerman Timur dan Poland. Negara-negara ini telah membantah keras terhadap rezim militarization Jerman Barat. Pakta Warsaw terutama ditubuhkan sebagai akibat pemulihan Jerman Barat di dalam NATO. Pemimpin Soviet, seperti banyak negara Eropah di sebelah barat dan timur, takut Jerman sekali lagi menjadi kuasa ketenteraan sebagai ancaman langsung dan ketenteraan Jerman tetap menjadi ingatan baru di kalangan Soviet dan Eropah Timur. Oleh kerana Kesatuan Soviet telah mempunyai perjanjian dua hala dengan semua satelit timurnya, Pact telah lama dianggap 'tidak berlebihan', dan kerana cara bergegas di mana ia dipahami, pegawai NATO melabelkannya sebagai 'kastil kadbod'. Sebelum itu, pada bulan Mac 1954, USSR, yang takut akan pemulihan Militarisme Jerman di Jerman Barat, meminta kemasukan kepada NATO. <> Pembentukan Pakta Warsaw didorong oleh ketakutan di mana negara mengamalkan dirinya sendiri? || Jerman Barat <> Negara manakah yang meminta kemasukan NATO sebagai tindak balas terhadap ketakutan terhadap persengketaan Jerman? || USSR <> Kepimpinan mana yang tidak takut Jerman? || <> Apa yang menyatakan protes untuk re-militerisasi Jerman Barat? || <> Siapa yang takut kepada Poland menjadi sekali lagi kuasa ketenteraan? || <> Apa pegawai mengatakan Pact adalah \"istana yang tidak berlebihan\"? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The formation of the Warsaw Pact was driven by fears of which country rearming itself?", "id": "56df02483277331400b4d8a1", "answers": [{"text": "West Germany", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which country sought NATO admission in response to the fear of German rearmament?", "id": "56df02483277331400b4d8a2", "answers": [{"text": "the USSR", "answer_start": 817}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Czechoslovak", "answer_start": 57}], "question": "Which leadership had no fear of Germany?", "id": "5ad56a065b96ef001a10ae40", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "East Germany and Poland", "answer_start": 117}], "question": "What states protested for the re-militarization of West Germany?", "id": "5ad56a065b96ef001a10ae41", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet leaders", "answer_start": 322}], "question": "Who feared Poland becoming once again a military power?", "id": "5ad56a065b96ef001a10ae42", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "NATO", "answer_start": 739}], "question": "What officials said the Pact was a \"superfluous castle\"?", "id": "5ad56a065b96ef001a10ae43", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Before creation of Warsaw Pact, fearing Germany rearmed, Czechoslovak leadership sought to create security pact with East Germany and Poland. These states protested strongly against re-militarization of West Germany. The Warsaw Pact was primarily put in place as a consequence of the rearming of West Germany inside NATO. Soviet leaders, as many European countries in both western and eastern side, feared Germany being once again a military power as a direct threat and German militarism remained a fresh memory among Soviets and Eastern Europeans. As Soviet Union had already bilateral treaties with all of its eastern satellites, the Pact has been long considered 'superfluous', and because of the rushed way in which it was conceived, NATO officials labeled it as a 'cardboard castle'. Previously, in March 1954, the USSR, fearing the restoration of German Militarism in West Germany, requested admission to NATO."}], ["Strategi di sebalik pembentukan Perjanjian Warsaw didorong oleh hasrat Kesatuan Soviet untuk menguasai Eropah Tengah dan Timur. Dasar ini didorong oleh sebab ideologi dan geostrategik. Secara ideologinya, Kesatuan Soviet menyuarakan hak untuk menentukan sosialisme dan komunisme dan bertindak sebagai pemimpin gerakan sosialis global. Sesuai dengan gagasan ini adalah keperluan campur tangan jika negara tampaknya melanggar ide-ide sosialis teras dan fungsi Parti Komunis, yang secara eksplisit dinyatakan dalam Doktrin Brezhnev. Prinsip geostrategik juga mendorong Kesatuan Soviet untuk mencegah pencerobohan wilayahnya oleh kuasa-kuasa Barat di Eropah. <> Ideologi-ideologi apa yang dicetuskan oleh Kesatuan Soviet ke seluruh dunia? || sosialisme dan komunisme <> Yang pemimpin Soviet membentuk doktrin yang bertujuan untuk menjaga negara-negara satelit sosialis sejajar? || Brezhnev <> Kesatuan Soviet menakutkan pencerobohan musuh potensial mana? || Eropah Barat <> Siapa yang mahu menguasai Eropah Barat dan Timur? || <> Negara manakah yang mahu mentakrifkan sosialisme dan liberalisme? || <> Siapa yang takut pencerobohan dari Eropah Timur? || <> Doktrin yang mana yang bertujuan untuk menjaga negara-negara satelit sosialis sejajar? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which ideologies did the Soviet Union aspire to lead around the globe?", "id": "56de8542cffd8e1900b4b9d8", "answers": [{"text": "socialism and communism", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Soviet leader formed doctrine aimed at keeping socialist satellite nations in line?", "id": "56de8542cffd8e1900b4b9d9", "answers": [{"text": "Brezhnev", "answer_start": 528}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Soviet Union feared invasion from which potential enemy?", "id": "56de8542cffd8e1900b4b9da", "answers": [{"text": "Western Europe", "answer_start": 639}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet Union", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "Who wanted to dominate Western and Eastern Europe?", "id": "5ad567e55b96ef001a10ae08", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet Union", "answer_start": 221}], "question": "Which country wanted to define socialism and liberalism?", "id": "5ad567e55b96ef001a10ae09", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet Union", "answer_start": 586}], "question": "Who feared invasion from Eastern Europe?", "id": "5ad567e55b96ef001a10ae0a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Brezhnev", "answer_start": 528}], "question": "Which doctrine aimed against keeping socialist satellite nations in line?", "id": "5ad567e55b96ef001a10ae0b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The strategy behind the formation of the Warsaw Pact was driven by the desire of the Soviet Union to dominate Central and Eastern Europe. This policy was driven by ideological and geostrategic reasons. Ideologically, the Soviet Union arrogated the right to define socialism and communism and act as the leader of the global socialist movement. A corollary to this idea was the necessity of intervention if a country appeared to be violating core socialist ideas and Communist Party functions, which was explicitly stated in the Brezhnev Doctrine. Geostrategic principles also drove the Soviet Union to prevent invasion of its territory by Western European powers."}], ["Pertubuhan Perjanjian Warsaw adalah dua kali: Jawatankuasa Perundingan Politik mengendalikan perkara-perkara politik, dan Komando Angkatan Bersenjata Gabungan Pact menguasai pasukan multi-nasional yang bertugas, dengan markas di Warsaw, Poland. Tambahan pula, Panglima Tertinggi Angkatan Bersenjata Bersekutu Pertubuhan Perjanjian Warsaw yang memerintahkan dan mengendalikan semua angkatan tentera negara-negara anggota juga merupakan Timbalan Menteri Pertahanan Pertama dari USSR, dan Ketua Staf Gabungan Angkatan Bersenjata Bersatu Pertubuhan Perjanjian Warsaw juga merupakan Timbalan Ketua Staf Pertama Angkatan Bersenjata ASSR. Oleh itu, walaupun kononnya sekutu keamanan kolektif antarabangsa, USSR mendominasi angkatan bersenjata Perjanjian Warsaw. <> Walaupun beribu pejabat di Poland, koperasi-koperasi terkemuka di Warsaw Pact berasal dari negara mana? || USSR <> Negara mana yang berada dalam kawalan berkesan terhadap kedua-dua fungsi politik dan tentera dari Pakta Warsawa? || USSR <> Siapa juga Timbalan Menteri Pertahanan Kedua USSR? || <> Siapa juga Timbalan Ketua Kedua Pegawai Kanan Angkatan Bersenjata ASSR? || <> Siapa yang tidak menguasai angkatan bersenjata Perjanjian Warsaw? || <> Apakah jawatankuasa yang mengendalikan pasukan pelbagai negara yang ditugaskan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Despite being headquartered in Poland, the top-ranking operatives of the Warsaw Pact were from which country?", "id": "56de848fcffd8e1900b4b9d0", "answers": [{"text": "the USSR", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which nation was in effective control of both political and military functions of the Warsaw Pact?", "id": "56df00c33277331400b4d88d", "answers": [{"text": "the USSR", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization", "answer_start": 254}], "question": "Who was also a Second Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR?", "id": "5ad552845b96ef001a10aca0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Chief of Combined Staff of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization", "answer_start": 475}], "question": "Who was also a Second Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR?", "id": "5ad552845b96ef001a10aca1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "USSR", "answer_start": 731}], "question": "Who did not dominate the Warsaw Treaty armed forces?", "id": "5ad552845b96ef001a10aca2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Political Consultative Committee", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "What committee handled the assigned multi-national forces?", "id": "5ad552845b96ef001a10aca3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Warsaw Treaty's organization was two-fold: the Political Consultative Committee handled political matters, and the Combined Command of Pact Armed Forces controlled the assigned multi-national forces, with headquarters in Warsaw, Poland. Furthermore, the Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization which commands and controls all the military forces of the member countries was also a First Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR, and the Chief of Combined Staff of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization was also a First Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Therefore, although ostensibly an international collective security alliance, the USSR dominated the Warsaw Treaty armed forces."}], ["Satu bulan kemudian, Perjanjian Eropah yang dicadangkan ditolak bukan sahaja oleh penyokong EDC tetapi juga oleh pihak lawan dari Komuniti Pertahanan Eropah (seperti pemimpin Gaullist Perancis Palewski) yang menganggapnya sebagai \"tidak dapat diterima dalam bentuknya sekarang kerana ia tidak termasuk Amerika Syarikat dari penyertaan dalam sistem keselamatan kolektif di Eropah \". Soviets kemudian memutuskan untuk membuat cadangan baru kepada pemerintah AS, UK dan Perancis yang menyatakan untuk menerima penyertaan Amerika Syarikat dalam Perjanjian Umum Eropah yang dicadangkan. Dan memandangkan perdebatan lain yang dikemukakan terhadap cadangan Soviet adalah bahawa ia dilihat oleh kuasa barat sebagai \"ditujukan terhadap Perjanjian Atlantik Utara dan pembubarannya\", Soviet memutuskan untuk menyatakan \"kesediaan mereka untuk memeriksa bersama dengan pihak lain yang berminat mengenai persoalan penyertaan USSR di blok Atlantik Utara \", menyatakan bahawa\" kemasukan AS ke dalam Perjanjian Eropah Umum tidak sepatutnya bersyarat atas tiga kuasa Barat yang bersetuju dengan USSR menyertai Perjanjian Atlantik Utara \". <> Ketiadaan negara mana yang terlibat dalam sistem keselamatan yang dicadangkan telah menyebabkan pembangkang NATO? || Amerika Serikat <> Perjanjian Eropa diterima oleh kelompok mana? || <> Penyokong Komuniti Pertahanan Eropah menyokong perjanjian apa? || <> UK pada mulanya dikecualikan daripada menyertai perjanjian itu? || <> Salah seorang pemimpin yang menyokong Komuniti Pertahanan Eropah adalah siapa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The omission of which nation from involvement in the proposed security system led to its NATO opposition?", "id": "56df047bc65bf219000b3edf", "answers": [{"text": "the USA", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "EDC", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "The European Treaty was accepted by which group?", "id": "5ad56c6d5b96ef001a10ae74", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "European", "answer_start": 30}], "question": "Supporters of the European Defense Community were in favor of what treaty?", "id": "5ad56c6d5b96ef001a10ae75", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "European Treaty", "answer_start": 30}], "question": "The UK was initially excluded from participating in which agreement?", "id": "5ad56c6d5b96ef001a10ae76", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Palewski", "answer_start": 186}], "question": "One of the leaders who supported the European Defense Community was whom?", "id": "5ad56c6d5b96ef001a10ae77", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "One month later, the proposed European Treaty was rejected not only by supporters of the EDC but also by western opponents of the European Defense Community (like French Gaullist leader Palewski) who perceived it as \"unacceptable in its present form because it excludes the USA from participation in the collective security system in Europe\". The Soviets then decided to make a new proposal to the governments of the USA, UK and France stating to accept the participation of the USA in the proposed General European Agreement. And considering that another argument deployed against the Soviet proposal was that it was perceived by western powers as \"directed against the North Atlantic Pact and its liquidation\", the Soviets decided to declare their \"readiness to examine jointly with other interested parties the question of the participation of the USSR in the North Atlantic bloc\", specifying that \"the admittance of the USA into the General European Agreement should not be conditional on the three western powers agreeing to the USSR joining the North Atlantic Pact\"."}], ["Perjanjian Pakta Warsaw (secara rasmi, Perjanjian Persahabatan, Kerjasama, dan Bantuan Mutual, kadang-kadang, WarPac secara tidak sengaja, serupa dengan NATO) adalah perjanjian pertahanan kolektif antara Uni Soviet dan tujuh negara satelit Soviet di Eropa Tengah dan Timur semasa Perang Dingin. Pakta Warsaw adalah pelengkap tentera kepada Majlis untuk Bantuan Ekonomi Bersama (CoMEcon), organisasi ekonomi serantau untuk negara-negara komunis di Eropah Tengah dan Timur. Perjanjian Warsaw dibuat sebagai tindak balas terhadap integrasi Jerman Barat ke NATO pada tahun 1955 dalam Perjanjian Paris 1954, tetapi juga dianggap telah dimotivasi oleh keinginan Soviet untuk mengekalkan kawalan ke atas tentera di Tengah dan Eropah Timur. <> Di mana tahun itu Pact Warsawa ditubuhkan? || 1955 <> Negara mana yang membentuk nukleus Pakta Warsawa? || Kesatuan Soviet <> Konflik yang mana merupakan dorongan untuk pembentukan Pakta? || Perang Dingin <> Berapa banyak negara bersekutu Soviet yang menjadi ahli dalam Perjanjian Warsaw? || tujuh <> Penerimaan mana negara ke NATO mendorong pembentukan Pakta Warsawa? || Jerman Barat <> Apa yang secara formal dikenali sebagai Pakta Persahabatan? || <> Perjanjian mana termasuk Kesatuan Soviet dan lapan negeri satelit Soviet? || <> Paris Pacts 1955 menggabungkan siapa ke NATO? || <> Jerman Timur telah diintegrasikan dalam NATO dalam tahun berapa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In which year was the Warsaw Pact established?", "id": "56de82f5cffd8e1900b4b9b2", "answers": [{"text": "1955", "answer_start": 573}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which nation formed the nucleus of the Warsaw Pact?", "id": "56de82f5cffd8e1900b4b9b3", "answers": [{"text": "Soviet Union", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which conflict was the impetus for the formation of the Pact?", "id": "56de82f5cffd8e1900b4b9b4", "answers": [{"text": "the Cold War", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Soviet allied countries were members of the Warsaw Pact?", "id": "56deff93c65bf219000b3eb7", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The acceptance of which country into NATO prompted the formation of the Warsaw Pact?", "id": "56deff93c65bf219000b3eb8", "answers": [{"text": "West Germany", "answer_start": 547}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Warsaw Pact", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What was formally known as the Pact of Friendship?", "id": "5ad54e6b5b96ef001a10ac6e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Warsaw Pact", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Which treaty included the Soviet Union and eight Soviet satellite states?", "id": "5ad54e6b5b96ef001a10ac6f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "West Germany", "answer_start": 547}], "question": "The Paris Pacts of 1955 integrated whom into NATO?", "id": "5ad54e6b5b96ef001a10ac70", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1955", "answer_start": 573}], "question": "East Germany was integrated in NATO in what year?", "id": "5ad54e6b5b96ef001a10ac71", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Warsaw Pact (formally, the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance, sometimes, informally WarPac, akin in format to NATO) was a collective defense treaty among Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CoMEcon), the regional economic organization for the communist states of Central and Eastern Europe. The Warsaw Pact was created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955 per the Paris Pacts of 1954, but it is also considered to have been motivated by Soviet desires to maintain control over military forces in Central and Eastern Europe."}], ["Permintaan Soviet untuk bergabung dengan NATO muncul selepas Persidangan Berlin Januari-Februari 1954. Menteri Luar Negeri Soviet Molotov membuat cadangan untuk mengadakan reunifikasi Jerman dan pemilihan untuk kerajaan pan-Jerman, di bawah syarat-syarat penarikan pasukan empat kuasa dan Jerman berkecuali, tetapi semua ditolak oleh menteri luar negara lain, Dulles (AS), Eden (UK) dan Bidault (Perancis). Cadangan untuk penyatuan semula Jerman tidak ada yang baru: lebih awal pada 20 Mac 1952, perbincangan tentang penyatuan semula Jerman, yang dimulakan oleh Stalin Note yang diselenggarakan, berakhir selepas United Kingdom, Perancis, dan Amerika Syarikat menegaskan bahawa Jerman bersatu tidak seharusnya menjadi neutral dan bebas untuk menyertai Komuniti Pertahanan Eropah dan belakang. James Dunn (AS), yang bertemu di Paris dengan Eden, Adenauer dan Robert Schuman (Perancis), menegaskan bahawa \"objek itu haruslah untuk mengelakkan perbincangan dengan Rusia dan menekan Komuniti Pertahanan Eropah\". Menurut John Gaddis \"terdapat kecenderungan kecil di ibukota Barat untuk meneroka penawaran ini\" dari USSR. Sementara ahli sejarah Rolf Steininger menegaskan bahawa keyakinan Adenauer bahawa \"penolakan bermaksud sovietization\" adalah faktor utama penolakan cadangan soviet, Adenauer juga takut bahawa penyatuan mungkin mengakibatkan penguasaan dominasi CDU di Bundestag. <> Siapa menteri Soviet yang mencadangkan penyatuan semula Jerman? || Molotov <> Kapan penyatuan semula yang pertama dicadangkan sebagai idea? || 1952 <<Siapa yang mahu menyertai NATO selepas Persidangan Berlin Januari-Jun 1954? || <> Siapa yang membuat cadangan untuk membongkar Jerman? || <> Pada tahun 1942, apa yang dicadangkan sebagai idea pertama? || <> Negara mana yang percaya Jerman tidak boleh dibebaskan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the Soviet minister who proposed German reunification?", "id": "56df03473277331400b4d8ab", "answers": [{"text": "Molotov", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was reunification first proposed as an idea?", "id": "56df03473277331400b4d8ac", "answers": [{"text": "1952", "answer_start": 482}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Who wanted to join NATO after the Berlin Conference of January-June 1954?", "id": "5ad56b055b96ef001a10ae52", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet foreign minister Molotov", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "Who made proposals to have Germany dismantled?", "id": "5ad56b055b96ef001a10ae53", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "German reunification", "answer_start": 502}], "question": "In 1942, what was first proposed as an idea?", "id": "5ad56b055b96ef001a10ae54", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United Kingdom, France, and the United States", "answer_start": 581}], "question": "Which countries believed Germany should not be free to rearm?", "id": "5ad56b055b96ef001a10ae55", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Soviet request to join NATO arose in the aftermath of the Berlin Conference of January\u2013February 1954. Soviet foreign minister Molotov made proposals to have Germany reunified and elections for a pan-German government, under conditions of withdrawal of the four powers armies and German neutrality, but all were refused by the other foreign ministers, Dulles (USA), Eden (UK) and Bidault (France). Proposals for the reunification of Germany were nothing new: earlier on 20 March 1952, talks about a German reunification, initiated by the socalled 'Stalin Note', ended after the United Kingdom, France, and the United States insisted that a unified Germany should not be neutral and should be free to join the European Defence Community and rearm. James Dunn (USA), who met in Paris with Eden, Adenauer and Robert Schuman (France), affirmed that \"the object should be to avoid discussion with the Russians and to press on the European Defense Community\". According to John Gaddis \"there was little inclination in Western capitals to explore this offer\" from USSR. While historian Rolf Steininger asserts that Adenauer's conviction that \u201cneutralization means sovietization\u201d was the main factor in the rejection of the soviet proposals, Adenauer also feared that unification might have resulted in the end of the CDU's dominance in the Bundestag."}], ["Walaupun Perjanjian Warsaw ditubuhkan sebagai keseimbangan kuasa atau pengimbang kepada NATO, tidak ada konfrontasi langsung di antara mereka. Sebaliknya, konflik itu diperjuangkan berdasarkan asas ideologi. Kedua-dua NATO dan Perjanjian Warsawa membawa kepada pengembangan kuasa ketenteraan dan integrasi mereka ke dalam blok masing-masing. Pertunangan ketenteraan terbesar di Warsaw Pact adalah pencerobohan Pakta Warsaw di Czechoslovakia (dengan penyertaan semua negara Pakta kecuali Romania dan Albania). Pact gagal berfungsi ketika Revolusi 1989 menyebar melalui Eropah Timur, bermula dengan gerakan Solidaritas di Polandia dan kejayaannya pada bulan Jun 1989. <> Organisasi mana yang bersaing langsung dengan Pakta Warsawa? || NATO <> Negara manakah yang melihat penempatan ketenteraan Pakta Warsaw yang paling penting? || Cekoslovakia <> Apakah nama gerakan revolusioner Poland yang gagal untuk menindas Pek Warsaw? || Perpaduan <> Negara manakah yang menyaksikan penempatan Pakta Warsawa terbesar? || Czechoslovakia <> Di mana tahun Warsaw Pact terhenti berfungsi dengan berkesan? || 1989 <> Apa nama pergerakan buruh Poland yang berjaya menentang Perjanjian Warsaw? || Perpaduan <> Terdapat konfrontasi langsung antara Pakta Warsaw dan organisasi mana? || <> Negara manakah yang melihat penyebaran ekonomi Pakta Warsaw yang paling penting? || <> Siapa yang berfungsi dengan jayanya apabila Revolusi 1989 menyebar melalui Eropah Paskah? || <> Apakah nama gerakan revolusioner Albania yang gagal menindas Pek Warsaw? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which organization was in direct competition with the Warsaw Pact?", "id": "56de83744396321400ee29bf", "answers": [{"text": "NATO", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which nation saw the most significant Warsaw Pact military deployment? ", "id": "56de83744396321400ee29c0", "answers": [{"text": "Czechoslovakia", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the Polish revolutionary movement which the Warsaw Pact failed to suppress?", "id": "56de83744396321400ee29c1", "answers": [{"text": "Solidarity", "answer_start": 580}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which country saw the largest Warsaw Pact deployment? ", "id": "56deffef3277331400b4d87d", "answers": [{"text": "Czechoslovakia", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which year did the Warsaw Pact cease to function effectively? ", "id": "56deffef3277331400b4d87e", "answers": [{"text": "1989", "answer_start": 525}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the Polish labor movement which successfully defied the Warsaw Pact?", "id": "56deffef3277331400b4d87f", "answers": [{"text": "Solidarity", "answer_start": 580}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "NATO", "answer_start": 80}], "question": "There was direct confrontation between the Warsaw Pact and which organization?", "id": "5ad54f595b96ef001a10ac80", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Czechoslovakia", "answer_start": 385}], "question": "Which nation saw the most significant Warsaw Pact economic deployment?", "id": "5ad54f595b96ef001a10ac81", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Pact", "answer_start": 473}], "question": "Who functioned successfully when the Revolutions of 1989 spread through Easter Europe?", "id": "5ad54f595b96ef001a10ac82", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Solidarity", "answer_start": 580}], "question": "What was the name of the Albanian revolutionary movement which the Warsaw Pact failed to suppress?", "id": "5ad54f595b96ef001a10ac83", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "While the Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO, there was no direct confrontation between them. Instead, the conflict was fought on an ideological basis. Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs. The Warsaw Pact's largest military engagement was Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia (with the participation of all Pact nations except Romania and Albania). The Pact failed to function when the Revolutions of 1989 spread through Eastern Europe, beginning with the Solidarity movement in Poland and its success in June 1989."}], ["Selama 36 tahun, NATO dan Pakta Warsaw tidak pernah secara langsung berperang melawan satu sama lain di Eropah; Amerika Syarikat dan Kesatuan Soviet dan sekutu masing-masing melaksanakan dasar strategik yang bertujuan untuk membendung antara satu sama lain di Eropah, sambil bekerja dan berjuang untuk pengaruh dalam Perang Dingin yang lebih luas di peringkat antarabangsa. <> Apakah fokus kedua-dua dasar pakatan ke arah yang lain sebagai pengganti pertempuran terus? || containment <> Benua benua itu dianggap sebagai pusat intipati NATO / Warsaw Pact? || Eropah <> Siapa yang berperang melawan satu sama lain selama 36 tahun? || <> NATO dan Amerika Syarikat tidak pernah melancarkan satu sama lain? || <> Siapa yang membuat dasar strategik yang bertujuan membendung? || <> Siapa yang berjuang untuk pengaruh semasa Perang Dunia Kedua? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the focus of both alliances' policies towards the other in lieu of direct fighting?", "id": "56df13b6c65bf219000b3f3b", "answers": [{"text": "containment", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which continent was considered to be at the center of NATO/Warsaw Pact intrigues?", "id": "56df13b6c65bf219000b3f3c", "answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "NATO and the Warsaw Pact", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "Who waged war against each other for 36 years?", "id": "5ad571d45b96ef001a10aef6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "war", "answer_start": 60}], "question": "NATO and the US never waged what against each other?", "id": "5ad571d45b96ef001a10aef7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies", "answer_start": 98}], "question": "Who created strategic policies aimed at containment?", "id": "5ad571d45b96ef001a10aef8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies", "answer_start": 98}], "question": "Who fought for influence during WWII?", "id": "5ad571d45b96ef001a10aef9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "For 36 years, NATO and the Warsaw Pact never directly waged war against each other in Europe; the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies implemented strategic policies aimed at the containment of each other in Europe, while working and fighting for influence within the wider Cold War on the international stage."}], ["Salah seorang ahli pengasasnya, Jerman Timur dibenarkan untuk dilengkapkan oleh Kesatuan Soviet dan Tentera Rakyat Kebangsaan ditubuhkan sebagai angkatan bersenjata negara untuk menentang pemulihan Jerman Barat. <> Negara manakah yang dibenarkan oleh persekutuan Warsaw Pact? || Jerman Timur <> Apa nama angkatan tentera Jerman Timur? || Tentera Rakyat Kebangsaan <> Negara mana yang diharamkan dari pemantapan? || <> Siapa yang membenarkan Jerman Barat untuk kembali berlengan? || <> Tentera Jerman Barat tahu apa? || <> Jerman Barat membentuk tentera apa yang akan ditentang oleh Jerman Timur? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which nation was permitted rearmament by the foundation of the Warsaw Pact?", "id": "56df12853277331400b4d94f", "answers": [{"text": "East Germany", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the East German armed forces?", "id": "56df12853277331400b4d950", "answers": [{"text": "the National People's Army", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "East Germany", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "Which country was banned from rearming?", "id": "5ad570205b96ef001a10aecc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet Union", "answer_start": 71}], "question": "Who allowed West Germany to re-arm?", "id": "5ad570205b96ef001a10aecd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "National People's Army", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "West Germany's army was know as what?", "id": "5ad570205b96ef001a10aece", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "National People's Army", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "West Germany formed what army to counter to rearmament of East Germany?", "id": "5ad570205b96ef001a10aecf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "One of the founding members, East Germany was allowed to re-arm by the Soviet Union and the National People's Army was established as the armed forces of the country to counter the rearmament of West Germany."}], ["Pada tahun 1956, selepas pengisytiharan kerajaan Imre Nagy penarikan Hungary dari Perjanjian Warsaw, tentera Soviet memasuki negara itu dan menghapuskan kerajaan. Tentera Soviet menghancurkan pemberontakan di seluruh negara, yang mengakibatkan kematian kira-kira 2,500 penduduk Hungary. <> Di manakah tahun Hungary cuba meninggalkan Pakta Warsawa? || 1956 <> Siapa ketua kerajaan Hungary pada masa pemberontakan itu? || Imre Nagy <> Negara mana yang menarik diri dari Pakta Warsaw pada tahun 1966? || <> Tentera mana yang masuk ke Hungary dan menyokong kerajaan mereka? || <> Kuasa mana yang menyokong pemberontakan seluruh negara? || <> 250,000 rakyatnya mati setelah menarik diri dari Pakta Warsawa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In which year did Hungary attempt to leave the Warsaw Pact?", "id": "56df14683277331400b4d95d", "answers": [{"text": "1956", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the head of the Hungarian government at the time of the revolt?", "id": "56df14683277331400b4d95f", "answers": [{"text": "Imre Nagy", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hungary", "answer_start": 80}], "question": "Which country withdrew from the Warsaw Pact in 1966?", "id": "5ad572595b96ef001a10aefe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet", "answer_start": 110}], "question": "Whose troops entered Hungary and supported thier government?", "id": "5ad572595b96ef001a10aeff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "Whose forces supported the nationwide revolt?", "id": "5ad572595b96ef001a10af00", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hungary", "answer_start": 80}], "question": "250,000 of whose citizens dies after withdrawing from the Warsaw Pact?", "id": "5ad572595b96ef001a10af01", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1956, following the declaration of the Imre Nagy government of withdrawal of Hungary from the Warsaw Pact, Soviet troops entered the country and removed the government. Soviet forces crushed the nationwide revolt, leading to the death of an estimated 2,500 Hungarian citizens."}], ["Aksi bersama tunggal pasukan bersenjata komunis berbilang negara adalah pencerobohan Pakta Warsaw di Czechoslovakia pada bulan Ogos 1968. Semua negara anggota, kecuali Republik Sosialis Romania dan Republik Rakyat Albania turut terlibat dalam serangan itu. <> Pada tahun apakah pakatan Warsaw diaktifkan dalam tindakan bersama? || 1968 <> Negara manakah yang berjaya menakluk Pact? || Czechoslovakia <> Negara apa yang diserang pada bulan Ogos 1998? || <> Yang mana dua negara menyokong pencerobohan di Czechoslovakia? || <> Czechoslovakia menyerang Albania pada tahun berapa? || <> Republik Sosialis Romania menyokong pencerobohan negara apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In which year was the Warsaw Pact activated in a joint action?", "id": "56df14d0c65bf219000b3f49", "answers": [{"text": "1968", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which country did the Pact conquer?", "id": "56df14d0c65bf219000b3f4a", "answers": [{"text": "Czechoslovakia", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Czechoslovakia", "answer_start": 93}], "question": "What country was invaded in August 1998?", "id": "5ad572f65b96ef001a10af10", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "Which two countries supported the invasion in Czechoslovakia?", "id": "5ad572f65b96ef001a10af11", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1968", "answer_start": 118}], "question": "Czechoslovakia invaded Albania in what year?", "id": "5ad572f65b96ef001a10af12", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Czechoslovakia", "answer_start": 93}], "question": "The Socialist Republic of Romania supported the invasion of what country?", "id": "5ad572f65b96ef001a10af13", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion."}], ["Kenangan pendudukan Nazi masih kukuh, dan penutup belakang Jerman juga ditakuti oleh Perancis. Pada 30 Ogos 1954 Parlimen Perancis menolak EDC, dengan itu memastikan kegagalannya dan menyekat objektif utama dasar Amerika Syarikat ke arah Eropah: untuk mengaitkan Jerman secara ketenteraan dengan Barat. Jabatan Negara AS mula menguraikan alternatif: Jerman akan dijemput untuk menyertai NATO atau, dalam hal obstruksiisme Perancis, strategi untuk menghindari veto Perancis akan dilaksanakan untuk mendapatkan perlindungan Jerman di luar NATO. <> Negara mana yang NATO takut Jerman bersatu dan dipertahankan? || Perancis <> Kenangan tentang apa pekerjaan yang pudar pada tahun 1954? || <> Perancis tidak takut kepada negara apa? || <> Parlimen mana yang menolak EDC pada 30 April 1954? || <> Negara mana yang mahu mengekalkan Jerman secara ketenteraan melawan Barat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which NATO country feared a unified and rearmed Germany?", "id": "56df114cc65bf219000b3f1d", "answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nazi", "answer_start": 16}], "question": "Memories of what occupation were fading by 1954?", "id": "5ad56e595b96ef001a10ae96", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Germany", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "France had no fear of what country?", "id": "5ad56e595b96ef001a10ae97", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "French", "answer_start": 125}], "question": "Which parliament rejected the EDC on 30 April 1954?", "id": "5ad56e595b96ef001a10ae98", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "US", "answer_start": 298}], "question": "Which country wanted to keep Germany militarily against the West?", "id": "5ad56e595b96ef001a10ae99", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Memories of the Nazi occupation were still strong, and the rearmament of Germany was feared by France too. On 30 August 1954 French Parliament rejected the EDC, thus ensuring its failure and blocking a major objective of US policy towards Europe: to associate Germany militarily with the West. The US Department of State started to elaborate alternatives: Germany would be invited to join NATO or, in the case of French obstructionism, strategies to circumvent a French veto would be implemented in order to obtain a German rearmament outside NATO."}], ["Pada bulan Julai 1963, Republik Rakyat Mongolia meminta untuk menyertai Perjanjian Warsaw di bawah Perkara 9 perjanjian itu. Untuk tujuan ini protokol khas sepatutnya diambil sejak teks perjanjian itu hanya diterapkan ke Eropah. Oleh kerana perpecahan Sino-Soviet muncul, Mongolia kekal pada status pemerhati. Pasukan pengawal Soviet telah bersetuju untuk tinggal di Mongolia dari tahun 1966. <> Di mana tahun apakah Mongolia memasuki kemasukan Warsaw Pact? || 1963 <> Pada tahun apakah pasukan Soviet dijadualkan meninggalkan Mongolia? || 1966 <> Siapa yang diminta menyertai Pakta Warsawa pada bulan Januari 1963? || <> Siapa yang diminta menyertai Pakatan Warsaw di bawah Perkara 10? || <> Kumpulan mana yang telah dialih keluar dari status pemerhati? || <> Tentera yang setuju untuk tinggal di Mongolia dari tahun 1956? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In which year did Mongolia seek entry in the Warsaw Pact?", "id": "56df13573277331400b4d957", "answers": [{"text": "1963", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which year were Soviet forces scheduled to leave Mongolia? ", "id": "56df13573277331400b4d959", "answers": [{"text": "1966", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mongolian People's Republic", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "Who asked to join the Warsaw Pact in January 1963?", "id": "5ad5712c5b96ef001a10aee4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mongolian People's Republic", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "Who asked to join the Warsaw Pact under Article 10?", "id": "5ad5712c5b96ef001a10aee5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mongolia", "answer_start": 257}], "question": "Which group was removed from observer status?", "id": "5ad5712c5b96ef001a10aee6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet", "answer_start": 295}], "question": "Whose troops agrees to stay in Mongolia from 1956?", "id": "5ad5712c5b96ef001a10aee7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In July 1963 the Mongolian People's Republic asked to join the Warsaw Pact under Article 9 of the treaty. For this purpose a special protocol should have been taken since the text of the treaty applied only to Europe. Due to the emerging Sino-Soviet split, Mongolia remained on observer status. Soviet stationing troops were agreed to stay in Mongolia from 1966."}], ["Pada 23 Oktober 1954 - hanya sembilan tahun selepas Allies (UK, USA dan USSR) mengalahkan Nazi Jerman yang menamatkan Perang Dunia II di Eropah - kemasukan Republik Persekutuan Jerman ke North Atlantic Pact akhirnya diputuskan. Penggabungan Jerman Barat ke dalam organisasi pada 9 Mei 1955 digambarkan sebagai \"titik balik yang menentukan dalam sejarah benua kita\" oleh Halvard Lange, Menteri Luar Negeri Norway pada masa itu. Pada bulan November 1954, USSR memohon Perjanjian Keamanan Eropah yang baru, untuk membuat percubaan terakhir untuk tidak mempunyai Jerman Barat yang remilisasi yang berpotensi menentang Kesatuan Soviet, tanpa kejayaan. <> Di mana tahun Jerman Barat masuk ke NATO? || 1954 <> Halvard Lange adalah seorang menteri yang ahli NATO? || Norway <> Yang berakhir Perang Dunia II di Eropah dengan mengalahkan Sekutu? || <> Apa yang telah diputuskan pada 13 Oktober 1954? || <> Jerman Timur diterima pakatan Atlantik Utara pada tarikh apa? || <> Siapa Menteri Luar Negeri Jerman pada tahun 1955? || <> Siapa yang meminta Perjanjian Keselamatan Eropah baru pada April 1954? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In which year was West Germany admitted to NATO?", "id": "56df11aac65bf219000b3f1f", "answers": [{"text": "1954", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Halvard Lange was a minister of which NATO member?", "id": "56df11aac65bf219000b3f20", "answers": [{"text": "Norway", "answer_start": 412}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nazi Germany", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "Who ended WWII in Europe by defeating the Allies?", "id": "5ad56f1b5b96ef001a10aeb0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the admission of the Federal Republic of Germany to the North Atlantic Pact", "answer_start": 123}], "question": "What was decided on 13 October 1954?", "id": "5ad56f1b5b96ef001a10aeb1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "9 May 1955", "answer_start": 279}], "question": "East Germany was accepted to the North Atlantic Pact on what date?", "id": "5ad56f1b5b96ef001a10aeb2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Halvard Lange", "answer_start": 369}], "question": "Who was Foreign Affairs Minister of Germany in 1955?", "id": "5ad56f1b5b96ef001a10aeb3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "USSR", "answer_start": 454}], "question": "Who requested a new European Security Treaty in April 1954?", "id": "5ad56f1b5b96ef001a10aeb4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On 23 October 1954 \u2013 only nine years after Allies (UK, USA and USSR) defeated Nazi Germany ending World War II in Europe \u2013 the admission of the Federal Republic of Germany to the North Atlantic Pact was finally decided. The incorporation of West Germany into the organization on 9 May 1955 was described as \"a decisive turning point in the history of our continent\" by Halvard Lange, Foreign Affairs Minister of Norway at the time. In November 1954, the USSR requested a new European Security Treaty, in order to make a final attempt to not have a remilitarized West Germany potentially opposed to the Soviet Union, with no success."}], ["Lapan negara anggota Perjanjian Warsaw menjanjikan pertahanan bersama mana-mana ahli yang akan diserang. Hubungan antara penandatangan perjanjian adalah berdasarkan kepada intervensi yang tidak saling campur tangan dalam urusan internal negara anggota, menghormati kedaulatan negara, dan kemerdekaan politik. Walau bagaimanapun, hampir semua kerajaan negara-negara anggota itu secara tidak langsung dikawal oleh Kesatuan Soviet. <> Berapa banyak negara yang membentuk keahlian Pact Warsaw awal? || lapan <> Sembilan negara dari Pakta Warsawa berjanji apa pertahanan? || <> Kira-kira hubungan berdasarkan campur tangan bersama? || <> Semua kerajaan dalam Perjanjian Warsaw dikawal oleh siapa? || <> Sembilan negara anggota membentuk pakatan apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many countries formed the initial Warsaw Pact membership?", "id": "56df12ec3277331400b4d953", "answers": [{"text": "eight", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mutual", "answer_start": 58}], "question": "The nine countries of the Warsaw Pact pledged what defense?", "id": "5ad570a95b96ef001a10aed4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "treaty signatories", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "Whose relations were based on mutual intervention?", "id": "5ad570a95b96ef001a10aed5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet Union", "answer_start": 389}], "question": "All governments in the the Warsaw Pact were controlled by whom?", "id": "5ad570a95b96ef001a10aed6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Warsaw", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "Nine member countries formed what pact?", "id": "5ad570a95b96ef001a10aed7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The eight member countries of the Warsaw Pact pledged the mutual defense of any member who would be attacked. Relations among the treaty signatories were based upon mutual non-intervention in the internal affairs of the member countries, respect for national sovereignty, and political independence. However, almost all governments of those member states were indirectly controlled by the Soviet Union."}], ["Pada 14 Mei 1955, USSR dan tujuh negara Eropah lain \"mengesahkan hasrat mereka untuk menubuhkan sistem keselamatan kolektif Eropah berdasarkan penyertaan semua negara Eropah tanpa mengira sistem sosial dan politik mereka\" menubuhkan Perjanjian Warsaw sebagai tindak balas kepada integrasi Republik Persekutuan Jerman ke dalam NATO, mengisytiharkan bahawa: \"Jerman Barat yang dirahmilik dan integrasi yang terakhir di blok Utara-Atlantik [...] meningkatkan bahaya perang yang lain dan menjadi ancaman kepada keselamatan negara negara-negara yang damai; [...] dalam keadaan ini negara-negara Eropah yang damai harus mengambil langkah-langkah yang diperlukan untuk menjaga keamanan mereka \". <> Pada bulan 1955 apakah pakatan ini diisytiharkan? || Mei <> USSR dan lapan negara Eropah yang lain membentuk Perjanjian Warsaw pada tarikh apa? || <> Perjanjian apa yang diisytiharkan pada bulan Mei 1956? || <> Perjanjian mana yang dibentuk sebagai tindak balas terhadap pemisahan Republik Persekutuan Jerman menjadi NATO? || <> Negara mana yang dipisahkan daripada NATO? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In which month of 1955 was this pact declared?", "id": "56df12383277331400b4d93e", "answers": [{"text": "May", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "14 May 1955", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "The USSR and eight other European countries formed the Warsaw Pact on what date?", "id": "5ad56fb25b96ef001a10aeba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Warsaw", "answer_start": 270}], "question": "What pact was declared in May 1956?", "id": "5ad56fb25b96ef001a10aebb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Warsaw", "answer_start": 270}], "question": "Which pact was formed in response to the separation of the Federal Republic of Germany into NATO?", "id": "5ad56fb25b96ef001a10aebc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Federal Republic of Germany", "answer_start": 320}], "question": "Which country was separated from NATO?", "id": "5ad56fb25b96ef001a10aebd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On 14 May 1955, the USSR and other seven European countries \"reaffirming their desire for the establishment of a system of European collective security based on the participation of all European states irrespective of their social and political systems\" established the Warsaw Pact in response to the integration of the Federal Republic of Germany into NATO, declaring that: \"a remilitarized Western Germany and the integration of the latter in the North-Atlantic bloc [...] increase the danger of another war and constitutes a threat to the national security of the peaceable states; [...] in these circumstances the peaceable European states must take the necessary measures to safeguard their security\"."}], ["Pada 25 Februari 1991, Perjanjian Warsaw diisytiharkan dibubarkan pada mesyuarat pertahanan dan menteri luar dari pertemuan negara Pact yang tinggal di Hungary. Pada 1 Julai 1991, di Prague, Presiden Czechoslovakia, V\u00e1clav Havel secara rasmi mengakhiri Pertubuhan Perjanjian Warsaw Persahabatan, Kerjasama, dan Mutlak 1955, dan sekali gus melucutkan Perjanjian Warsaw selepas 36 tahun persekutuan ketenteraan dengan USSR. Malah, perjanjian itu secara de facto dibubarkan pada Disember 1989 semasa revolusi kekerasan di Romania, yang menggulingkan kerajaan komunis, tanpa campur tangan tentera membentuk negara anggota lain. USSR disestablished pada Disember 1991. <> Di negara manakah para pegawai Warsaw Pact bertemu untuk membubarkan aliansi? || Hungary <> Di mana tahun Romania meruntuhkan kerajaan komunisnya? || 1989 <> Berapa tahun pakatan Warsaw secara rasmi wujud? || 36 <> Perjanjian apa yang dibubarkan pada 15 Februari 1991? || <> Di negara manakah pakatan Warsaw dibubarkan pada tahun 1981? || <> Perjanjian mana yang berakhir pada 1 Januari 1991? || <> Perjanjian mana yang secara de facto dibubarkan semasa revolusi ganas 1989 di Rusia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In which country did Warsaw Pact officials meet to dissolve the alliance?", "id": "56df18663277331400b4d981", "answers": [{"text": "Hungary", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which year did Romania overthrow its communist government?", "id": "56df18663277331400b4d982", "answers": [{"text": "1989", "answer_start": 470}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For how many years did the Warsaw Pact formally exist?", "id": "56df18663277331400b4d983", "answers": [{"text": "36", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Warsaw", "answer_start": 25}], "question": "What pact was disbanded on 15 February 1991?", "id": "5ad573a55b96ef001a10af18", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hungary", "answer_start": 147}], "question": "In which country was the Warsaw Pact disbanded in 1981?", "id": "5ad573a55b96ef001a10af19", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance", "answer_start": 247}], "question": "Which treaty was ended on 1 January 1991?", "id": "5ad573a55b96ef001a10af1a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Warsaw Treaty", "answer_start": 350}], "question": "Which treaty was de facto disbanded during the 1989 violent revolution in Russia?", "id": "5ad573a55b96ef001a10af1b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On 25 February 1991, the Warsaw Pact was declared disbanded at a meeting of defense and foreign ministers from remaining Pact countries meeting in Hungary. On 1 July 1991, in Prague, the Czechoslovak President V\u00e1clav Havel formally ended the 1955 Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance and so disestablished the Warsaw Treaty after 36 years of military alliance with the USSR. In fact, the treaty was de facto disbanded in December 1989 during the violent revolution in Romania, which toppled the communist government, without military intervention form other member states. The USSR disestablished itself in December 1991."}], ["Pada 12 Mac 1999, Republik Czech, Hungary, dan Poland menyertai NATO; Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, dan Slovakia menyertai Mac 2004; Albania menyertai pada 1 April 2009. <> Yang mana bekas negara Bloc Timur adalah yang terbaru untuk menyertai NATO? || Albania <> Di mana tahun Poland menyertai NATO? || 1999 <> Di mana tahun Slovakia menyertai NATO? || 2004 <> Negara mana yang menyertai NATO pada 12 Mei 1999? || <> Negara mana yang menyertai NATO pada bulan Mei 2004? || <> Negara mana yang menyertai NATO pada 11 April 2009? || <> Hungary menyertai organisasi yang mana pada Mac 2004? || <> Poland menyertai organisasi yang mana pada bulan Mac 2004? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which former Eastern Bloc country was the latest to join NATO?", "id": "56df18c9c65bf219000b3f55", "answers": [{"text": "Albania", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which year did Poland join NATO?", "id": "56df18c9c65bf219000b3f56", "answers": [{"text": "1999", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which year did Slovakia join NATO? ", "id": "56df18c9c65bf219000b3f57", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "Which countries joined NATO on 12 May 1999?", "id": "5ad5740b5b96ef001a10af20", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, and Slovakia", "answer_start": 71}], "question": "Which countries joined NATO in May 2004?", "id": "5ad5740b5b96ef001a10af21", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Albania", "answer_start": 153}], "question": "Which country joined NATO on 11 April 2009?", "id": "5ad5740b5b96ef001a10af22", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "NATO", "answer_start": 65}], "question": "Hungary joined which organization in March 2004?", "id": "5ad5740b5b96ef001a10af23", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "NATO", "answer_start": 65}], "question": "Poland joined which organization in March 2004?", "id": "5ad5740b5b96ef001a10af24", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On 12 March 1999, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland joined NATO; Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, and Slovakia joined in March 2004; Albania joined on 1 April 2009."}], ["Oleh itu, Molotov, dengan takut bahawa EDC akan diarahkan pada masa depan terhadap USSR oleh itu \"berusaha untuk mencegah pembentukan kumpulan-kumpulan Negara-negara Eropah yang diarahkan terhadap Negara-negara Eropah yang lain\", membuat cadangan untuk Perjanjian Eropah Besar mengenai Keselamatan Kolektif di Eropah \"terbuka kepada semua negara-negara Eropah tanpa mengambil kira sistem sosial mereka \"yang akan termasuk Jerman bersatu (dengan itu membuat EDC - dilihat oleh USSR sebagai ancaman - tidak dapat digunakan). Tetapi Eden, Dulles dan Bidault menentang cadangan itu. <> Siapa yang membuat cadangan untuk Perjanjian Eropah Besar mengenai Identiti Kolektif di Eropah? || <> Perjanjian apa yang akan menjadikan EDC dapat digunakan? || <> Perjanjian mana yang akan dibuka kepada hanya beberapa negara Eropah? || <> Siapa yang takut dengan EDC akan bekerjasama dengan USSR? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Molotov", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "Who made a proposal for a General European Treaty on Collective Identity in Europe?", "id": "5ad56b9b5b96ef001a10ae5a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "General European Treaty on Collective Security in Europe", "answer_start": 225}], "question": "What treaty would make the EDC usable?", "id": "5ad56b9b5b96ef001a10ae5b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "General European Treaty on Collective Security in Europe", "answer_start": 225}], "question": "Which treaty would be open to only some European states?", "id": "5ad56b9b5b96ef001a10ae5c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Molotov", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "Who feared the EDC would work with the USSR?", "id": "5ad56b9b5b96ef001a10ae5d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Consequently, Molotov, fearing that EDC would be directed in the future against the USSR therefore \"seeking to prevent the formation of groups of European States directed against other European States\", made a proposal for a General European Treaty on Collective Security in Europe \"open to all European States without regard as to their social systems\" which would have included the unified Germany (thus making the EDC \u2013 perceived by the USSR as a threat \u2013 unusable). But Eden, Dulles and Bidault opposed the proposal."}], ["Pada bulan November 2005, kerajaan Poland membuka arkib Perjanjian Warsawnya ke Institut Peringatan Negara, yang menerbitkan kira-kira 1,300 dokumen yang dibatalkan pada Januari 2006. Namun kerajaan Poland menyisikan penerbitan 100 dokumen, sementara pengurangan ketenteraan mereka. Akhirnya, 30 dari 100 dokumen yang telah diterbitkan telah diterbitkan; 70 kekal rahsia, dan tidak diterbitkan. Antara dokumen yang diterbitkan ialah pelan perang nuklear Treaty Warsawa, Tujuh Hari ke Sungai Rhine - serangan balas pendek yang cepat menawan Austria, Denmark, Jerman dan Belanda di sebelah timur Sungai Rhine, menggunakan senjata nuklear, dalam pertahanan diri, selepas NATO mogok pertama. Pelan ini bermula sebagai latihan perang latihan medan tahun 1979, dan metamorphosed ke dalam doktrin perang Perjanjian Warsaw rasmi, sehingga akhir 1980-an - itulah sebabnya Republik Rakyat Poland adalah pangkalan senjata nuklear, pertama, hingga 178, kemudian, 250 taktikal - melancarkan roket. Secara doktrin, sebagai pelan perang bergaya gaya Soviet, Tujuh Hari ke Sungai Rhine memberikan beberapa strategi pertahanan perang untuk memerangi NATO di wilayah Perjanjian Warsaw. [Rujukan?] Di mana tahun Poland mendedahkan kebanyakan Warsawnya Arkib era pakta? || 2005 <> Berapa banyak dokumen yang dikelaskan? || 70 <> Apa nama rancangan Warsawa Pact yang dirancang untuk mogok pertama NATO? || Tujuh Hari ke Sungai Rhine <> Berapa banyak senjata nuklear yang akhirnya ditempatkan di Poland? || 250 <> Di mana tahun itu strategi pertambangan mula-mula dipupuk? || 1979 <> Siapa yang menerbitkan dokumen rahsia pada bulan Januari 2006? || <> Siapa yang menyimpan penerbitan 1000 dokumen? || <> Apa yang bermula sebagai latihan perang latihan bidang 1989? || <> Apa rencana memberi komandan banyak strategi pertahanan perang untuk memerangi NATO? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In which year did Poland declassify most of its Warsaw Pact-era archives?", "id": "56df1961c65bf219000b3f5b", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many documents remain classified?", "id": "56df1961c65bf219000b3f5c", "answers": [{"text": "70", "answer_start": 348}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the Warsaw Pact's planned counteroffensive to a NATO first strike?", "id": "56df1961c65bf219000b3f5d", "answers": [{"text": "Seven Days to the River Rhine", "answer_start": 456}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many nuclear weapons were eventually housed in Poland?", "id": "56df1961c65bf219000b3f5e", "answers": [{"text": "250", "answer_start": 905}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which year was the counteroffensive strategy first conceived?", "id": "56df1961c65bf219000b3f5f", "answers": [{"text": "1979", "answer_start": 683}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Institute of National Remembrance", "answer_start": 81}], "question": "Who published classified documents in January 2006?", "id": "5ad574b85b96ef001a10af2a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Polish government", "answer_start": 189}], "question": "Who reserved publication of 1000 documents?", "id": "5ad574b85b96ef001a10af2b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Warsaw Treaty battle doctrine", "answer_start": 754}], "question": "What originated as a 1989 field training exercise war game?", "id": "5ad574b85b96ef001a10af2c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Seven Days to the River Rhine", "answer_start": 989}], "question": "What plan gave commanders many defensive-war strategies for fighting NATO?", "id": "5ad574b85b96ef001a10af2d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In November 2005, the Polish government opened its Warsaw Treaty archives to the Institute of National Remembrance, who published some 1,300 declassified documents in January 2006. Yet the Polish government reserved publication of 100 documents, pending their military declassification. Eventually, 30 of the reserved 100 documents were published; 70 remained secret, and unpublished. Among the documents published is the Warsaw Treaty's nuclear war plan, Seven Days to the River Rhine \u2013 a short, swift counter-attack capturing Austria, Denmark, Germany and Netherlands east of River Rhine, using nuclear weapons, in self-defense, after a NATO first strike. The plan originated as a 1979 field training exercise war game, and metamorphosed into official Warsaw Treaty battle doctrine, until the late 1980s \u2013 which is why the People's Republic of Poland was a nuclear weapons base, first, to 178, then, to 250 tactical-range rockets. Doctrinally, as a Soviet-style (offensive) battle plan, Seven Days to the River Rhine gave commanders few defensive-war strategies for fighting NATO in Warsaw Treaty territory.[citation needed]"}]], [["Materialisme adalah bentuk monisme falsafah yang memegang perkara itu sebagai bahan asas dalam alam, dan bahawa semua fenomena, termasuk fenomena mental dan kesadaran, adalah sama dengan interaksi material. <> Apakah materialisme? || bentuk monisme falsafah <> Secara semula jadi, ini adalah bahan penting? || perkara <> Apa yang bukan bahan dasar dalam alam? || <> Fenomena mental dan apa lagi yang tidak sama dengan interaksi material? || <> Apakah definisi monisme falsafah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is materialism?", "id": "56de92c1cffd8e1900b4b9fc", "answers": [{"text": "a form of philosophical monism", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In nature, this is an essential substance?", "id": "56de92c1cffd8e1900b4b9fd", "answers": [{"text": "matter", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "matter", "answer_start": 63}], "question": "What is not a fundamental substance in nature? ", "id": "5acd09a507355d001abf31fa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "consciousness", "answer_start": 165}], "question": "Mental phenomena and what else are not identical with material interactions?", "id": "5acd09a507355d001abf31fb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "matter is the fundamental substance in nature", "answer_start": 63}], "question": "What is the definition of philosophical monism?", "id": "5acd09a507355d001abf31fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all phenomena, including mental phenomena and consciousness, are identical with material interactions."}], ["Materialisme dibangunkan, mungkin secara bebas, di beberapa wilayah yang dipisahkan secara geografi di Eurasia semasa Karl Jaspers menamakan Zaman Aksial (kira-kira 800 hingga 200 SM). <> Siapa yang membentuk Zaman Aksial? || Karl Jaspers <> Di bahagian dunia apa materialisme berkembang semasa Zaman Aksial? || Eurasia <> Siapakah yang membentuk Zaman Tidak Saksikan? || <> Di bahagian dunia apa materialisme berkembang semasa Zaman Tidak Biasa? || <> Bilakah Karl Jaspers dilahirkan? || <> Bilakah Karl Jaspers mati? || <> Apa yang tidak berkembang di Eurasia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who coined the Axial Age?", "id": "56de99cfcffd8e1900b4ba26", "answers": [{"text": "Karl Jaspers", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what part of the world did materialism develop during the Axial Age?", "id": "56de99cfcffd8e1900b4ba27", "answers": [{"text": "Eurasia", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Karl Jaspers", "answer_start": 114}], "question": "Who coined the non-Axial Age?", "id": "5acd0e5407355d001abf329a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Eurasia", "answer_start": 94}], "question": "In what part of the world did materialism develop during the non-Axial Age?", "id": "5acd0e5407355d001abf329b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "approximately 800", "answer_start": 149}], "question": "When was Karl Jaspers born? ", "id": "5acd0e5407355d001abf329c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "200 BC", "answer_start": 170}], "question": "When did Karl Jaspers die?", "id": "5acd0e5407355d001abf329d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Materialism", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What did not develop in Eurasia?", "id": "5acd0e5407355d001abf329e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Materialism developed, possibly independently, in several geographically separated regions of Eurasia during what Karl Jaspers termed the Axial Age (approximately 800 to 200 BC)."}], ["Materialisme tergolong dalam kelas ontologi monist. Oleh itu, ia berbeza dengan teori ontologi berdasarkan dualisme atau pluralisme. Untuk penjelasan tunggal mengenai realiti fenomenal, materialisme akan berbeza dengan idealisme, monisme neutral, dan spiritualisme. <> Kelas apa yang dimiliki materialisme? || monist ontology <> Mengapa materialisme tergolong dalam ontologi monist? || <> Monist ontology adalah sama dengan dualisme dan apa lagi? || <> Materialisme adalah sama dengan idealisme, monisme neutral, dan apa lagi? || <> Apakah definisi monisme neutral? || <> Apa sinonim dengan dualisme? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What class does materialism belong to?", "id": "56de94434396321400ee2a3b", "answers": [{"text": "monist ontology", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "it is different from ontological theories based on dualism or pluralism", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "Why does materialism belong in monist ontology?", "id": "5acd0a8407355d001abf3208", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pluralism", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "Monist ontology is the same as dualism and what else? ", "id": "5acd0a8407355d001abf3209", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "spiritualism", "answer_start": 254}], "question": "Materialism is the same as idealism, neutral monism, and what else? ", "id": "5acd0a8407355d001abf320a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "singular explanations of the phenomenal reality", "answer_start": 139}], "question": "What is the definition of neutral monism?", "id": "5acd0a8407355d001abf320b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pluralism", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "What is synonymous with dualism? ", "id": "5acd0a8407355d001abf320c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Materialism belongs to the class of monist ontology. As such, it is different from ontological theories based on dualism or pluralism. For singular explanations of the phenomenal reality, materialism would be in contrast to idealism, neutral monism, and spiritualism."}], ["Pada abad ke-19, Karl Marx dan Friedrich Engels memperluaskan konsep materialisme untuk menghuraikan konsepsi materialis sejarah yang berpusat pada dunia empiris aktiviti manusia (amalan, termasuk buruh) dan institusi-institusi yang dicipta, diterbitkan, atau dimusnahkan oleh aktiviti itu ( lihat konsepsi sejarah sejarah). Kemudian Marxis mengembangkan tanggapan terhadap materialisme dialektik yang melambangkan falsafah dan kaedah Marxis kemudian. <> Jenis materialisme apa yang mentakrifkan falsafah Marxis? || materialisme dialektik <> Bilakah Karl Marx dilahirkan? || <> Bilakah Friedrich Engels dilahirkan? || <> Yang era Marxis menolak tanggapan materialisme dialektik? || <> Siapa musuh Karl Marx? || <> Jenis materialisme apa yang tidak mentakrifkan falsafah Marxis? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of materialism defined the Marxist philosophy?", "id": "56de997dcffd8e1900b4ba22", "answers": [{"text": "dialectical materialism", "answer_start": 379}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "19th century", "answer_start": 11}], "question": "When was Karl Marx born?", "id": "5acd0dfc07355d001abf3286", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "19th century", "answer_start": 11}], "question": "When was Friedrich Engels born? ", "id": "5acd0dfc07355d001abf3287", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Later Marxists", "answer_start": 340}], "question": "Which era of Marxists rejected the notion of dialectical materialism? ", "id": "5acd0dfc07355d001abf3288", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Friedrich Engels", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "Who was Karl Marx's enemy? ", "id": "5acd0dfc07355d001abf3289", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dialectical materialism", "answer_start": 379}], "question": "What type of materialism did not define the Marxist philosophy?", "id": "5acd0dfc07355d001abf328a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During the 19th century, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels extended the concept of materialism to elaborate a materialist conception of history centered on the roughly empirical world of human activity (practice, including labor) and the institutions created, reproduced, or destroyed by that activity (see materialist conception of history). Later Marxists developed the notion of dialectical materialism which characterized later Marxist philosophy and method."}], ["Pandangan materialis mungkin paling difahami dalam penentangannya terhadap doktrin bahan bukan material yang diterapkan pada minda sejarah, terkenal oleh Ren\u00e9 Descartes. Walau bagaimanapun, dengan sendirinya materialisme tidak mengatakan apa-apa tentang bahan yang harus dicirikan. Dalam praktiknya, ia sering diasimilasikan kepada satu jenis fizismisme atau yang lain. <> Adakah Ren\u00e9 Descartes seorang idealis atau materialis? || materialist <> Materialisme tidak menentukan apa? || bagaimana bahan bahan harus dicirikan. <> Mengapa Ren\u00e9 Descartes mengisytiharkan materialis? || <> Apa arti materialisme tentang bagaimana bahan harus dicirikan? || <> Materialisme mentakrifkan apa? || <> Materialisme tidak sering diasimilasikan kepada apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Was Ren\u00e9 Descartes an idealist or a materialist?", "id": "56de9609cffd8e1900b4ba0b", "answers": [{"text": "materialist", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Materialism does not define what?", "id": "56de9609cffd8e1900b4ba0c", "answers": [{"text": "how material substance should be characterized.", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "opposition to the doctrines of immaterial substance applied to the mind", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "Why was Ren\u00e9 Descartes declared a materialist? ", "id": "5acd0be607355d001abf323c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "frequently assimilated to one variety of physicalism or another", "answer_start": 286}], "question": "What does materialism say about how substance should be characterized?", "id": "5acd0be607355d001abf323d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "how material substance should be characterized.", "answer_start": 219}], "question": "Materialism defines what?", "id": "5acd0be607355d001abf323e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "one variety of physicalism or another", "answer_start": 312}], "question": "Materialism is not frequently assimilated to what? ", "id": "5acd0be607355d001abf323f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The materialist view is perhaps best understood in its opposition to the doctrines of immaterial substance applied to the mind historically, famously by Ren\u00e9 Descartes. However, by itself materialism says nothing about how material substance should be characterized. In practice, it is frequently assimilated to one variety of physicalism or another."}], ["Dalam falsafah India kuno, materialisme dibangunkan sekitar 600 SM dengan karya Ajita Kesakambali, Payasi, Kanada, dan pendukung sekolah falsafah C\u0101rv\u0101ka. Kanada menjadi salah satu penyokong awal atomisme. Sekolah Nyaya-Vaisesika (600 SM - 100 SM) mengembangkan salah satu bentuk atomisme yang paling awal, walaupun bukti-bukti mereka tentang Tuhan dan mereka menganggap kesadaran itu tidak material menghalangi pelabelan mereka sebagai materialis. Atomisme Buddha dan sekolah Jaina meneruskan tradisi atom. <> Sekitar masa apakah materialisme menjadi sebahagian daripada falsafah India Kuno? || 600 SM <> Pada masa itu, yang membantu membangunkan materialisme? || Ajita Kesakambali, Payasi, Kanada, dan penyokong sekolah falsafah C\u0101rv\u0101ka <> Sekolah apakah yang maju atomisme? || Sekolah Nyaya-Vaisesika <> Antara tahun berapa atomisme memajukan sekolah? || 600 SM - 100 SM <> Sekitar jam berapa Falsafah India kuno menolak materialisme? || <> Pada masa itu, yang menolak idea materialisme? || <> Sekolah apa yang tidak mengajar atomisme? || <> Apakah tradisi berhenti sekolah Jaina? || <> Apakah tradisi umat Buddha berhenti? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Around what time did materialism become part of Ancient Indian philosophy?", "id": "56de9b07cffd8e1900b4ba2b", "answers": [{"text": "600 BC", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At that time, who helped develop materialism?", "id": "56de9b07cffd8e1900b4ba2c", "answers": [{"text": "Ajita Kesakambali, Payasi, Kanada, and the proponents of the C\u0101rv\u0101ka school of philosophy", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What school advanced atomism?", "id": "56de9b07cffd8e1900b4ba2d", "answers": [{"text": "Nyaya\u2013Vaisesika school", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Between what years did the school advance atomism?", "id": "56de9b07cffd8e1900b4ba2e", "answers": [{"text": "600 BC - 100 BC", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "600 BC", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "Around what time did Ancient Indian philosophy reject materialism?", "id": "5acd104707355d001abf32e0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ajita Kesakambali, Payasi, Kanada, and the proponents of the C\u0101rv\u0101ka school of philosophy", "answer_start": 84}], "question": " At that time, who rejected the idea of materialism?", "id": "5acd104707355d001abf32e1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Nyaya\u2013Vaisesika school", "answer_start": 229}], "question": " What school did not teach atomism?", "id": "5acd104707355d001abf32e2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "atomic", "answer_start": 502}], "question": "What tradition did the Jaina school stop?", "id": "5acd104707355d001abf32e3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "atomic", "answer_start": 502}], "question": "What tradition did Buddhists stop?", "id": "5acd104707355d001abf32e4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In Ancient Indian philosophy, materialism developed around 600 BC with the works of Ajita Kesakambali, Payasi, Kanada, and the proponents of the C\u0101rv\u0101ka school of philosophy. Kanada became one of the early proponents of atomism. The Nyaya\u2013Vaisesika school (600 BC - 100 BC) developed one of the earliest forms of atomism, though their proofs of God and their positing that the consciousness was not material precludes labelling them as materialists. Buddhist atomism and the Jaina school continued the atomic tradition."}], ["Materialisme sering dikaitkan dengan reduksionisme, mengikut mana objek atau fenomena individu di satu tahap penerangan, jika mereka asli, mesti dapat dijelaskan dari segi objek atau fenomena di beberapa tahap penerangan lain - biasanya, pada tahap yang lebih rendah . Materialisme yang tidak reduktif secara terang-terangan menolak tanggapan ini, bagaimanapun, dengan mengambil perlembagaan material semua butir-butir untuk selaras dengan kewujudan objek, sifat, atau fenomena sebenar yang tidak dapat dijelaskan dalam istilah yang digunakan secara kanon untuk unsur-unsur bahan asas. Jerry Fodor berpengaruh terhadap pandangan ini, mengikut mana undang-undang dan penjelasan empirikal dalam \"sains khusus\" seperti psikologi atau geologi tidak dapat dilihat dari perspektif fizik asas. Banyak sastera yang kuat telah berkembang di sekitar hubungan antara pandangan ini. <> Materialisme dikaitkan dengan apa? || reduksiisme <> Mengapa materialisme tidak dikaitkan dengan pengurangan? || <> Mengapa Jerry Fodor tidak bersetuju dengan pandangan ini? || <> Apa yang tidak sains khusus? || <> Apakah tahap fizik yang menggunakan psikologi dan geologi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Materialism is linked to what?", "id": "56de9c91cffd8e1900b4ba33", "answers": [{"text": "reductionism", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the objects or phenomena individuated at one level of description", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "Why is materialism is not linked to reduction?", "id": "5acd0c8407355d001abf324e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "according to which empirical laws and explanations in \"special sciences\" like psychology or geology are invisible from the perspective of basic physics", "answer_start": 610}], "question": "Why did Jerry Fodor disagree with this view? ", "id": "5acd0c8407355d001abf324f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "psychology or geology", "answer_start": 688}], "question": "What is not a special science?", "id": "5acd0c8407355d001abf3250", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "basic", "answer_start": 748}], "question": "What level physics does psychology and geology use? ", "id": "5acd0c8407355d001abf3251", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Materialism is often associated with reductionism, according to which the objects or phenomena individuated at one level of description, if they are genuine, must be explicable in terms of the objects or phenomena at some other level of description \u2014 typically, at a more reduced level. Non-reductive materialism explicitly rejects this notion, however, taking the material constitution of all particulars to be consistent with the existence of real objects, properties, or phenomena not explicable in the terms canonically used for the basic material constituents. Jerry Fodor influentially argues this view, according to which empirical laws and explanations in \"special sciences\" like psychology or geology are invisible from the perspective of basic physics. A lot of vigorous literature has grown up around the relation between these views."}], ["Ahli falsafah Yunani purba seperti Thales, Anaxagoras (kira-kira 500 SM - 428 SM), Epicurus dan Democritus menyusun semula materialis kemudian. Puisi Latin De Rerum Natura oleh Lucretius (sekitar 99 SM - sekitar 55 SM) mencerminkan falsafah mekanistik Democritus dan Epicurus. Mengikut pandangan ini, semua yang wujud adalah perkara dan tidak sah, dan semua fenomena yang dihasilkan dari gerakan yang berbeza dan konglomerasi zarah bahan asas yang disebut \"atom\" (secara harfiah: \"tidak dapat dipisahkan\"). De Rerum Natura menyediakan penjelasan mekanistik untuk fenomena seperti hakisan, penyejatan, angin, dan bunyi. Prinsip-prinsip terkenal seperti \"tidak dapat menyentuh badan tetapi badan\" mula-mula muncul dalam karya-karya Lucretius. Democritus dan Epicurus bagaimanapun tidak memegang ontologi monist semenjak mereka berpegang pada pemisahan ontologi benda dan ruang ruang itu menjadi \"satu lagi\" yang wujud, menunjukkan bahawa definisi \"materialisme\" adalah lebih luas daripada skop yang diberikan dalam artikel ini. <> De Rerum Natura adalah puisi oleh siapa? || Lucretius <> Apa gunanya penjelasan yang dibuat oleh De Rerum Natura untuk fenomena? || penjelasan mekanikal <> Apakah penjelasan macam apakah De Rerum Natura berhujah untuk menolak fenomena? || <> Siapa yang menulis garis \"Semuanya boleh menyentuh badan tetapi badan\"? || <> Siapa yang percaya ruang bukanlah satu lagi jenis? || <> Pandangan siapa yang percaya bahawa terdapat lebih daripada perkara dan tidak sah? || <> Berapa banyak bahasa yang diterjemahkan oleh De Rerum? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "De Rerum Natura is a poem by who?", "id": "56dede143277331400b4d77c", "answers": [{"text": "Lucretius", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kinf of explanation does De Rerum Natura provide for phenomena?", "id": "56dede143277331400b4d77d", "answers": [{"text": "mechanistic explanations", "answer_start": 484}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mechanistic explanations", "answer_start": 484}], "question": "What kind of explanation does De Rerum Natura argue for rejecting phenomena?", "id": "5acd10f207355d001abf3308", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lucretius", "answer_start": 658}], "question": "Who wrote the line \"Everything can touch body but body\"?", "id": "5acd10f207355d001abf3309", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Democritus and Epicurus", "answer_start": 669}], "question": "Who believed space was not another kind of being?", "id": "5acd10f207355d001abf330a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Democritus and Epicurus", "answer_start": 235}], "question": "Whose view believes that there is more than matter and void?", "id": "5acd10f207355d001abf330b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "99", "answer_start": 177}], "question": "How many languages was De Rerum translated into?", "id": "5acd10f207355d001abf330c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Ancient Greek philosophers like Thales, Anaxagoras (ca. 500 BC \u2013 428 BC), Epicurus and Democritus prefigure later materialists. The Latin poem De Rerum Natura by Lucretius (ca. 99 BC \u2013 ca. 55 BC) reflects the mechanistic philosophy of Democritus and Epicurus. According to this view, all that exists is matter and void, and all phenomena result from different motions and conglomerations of base material particles called \"atoms\" (literally: \"indivisibles\"). De Rerum Natura provides mechanistic explanations for phenomena such as erosion, evaporation, wind, and sound. Famous principles like \"nothing can touch body but body\" first appeared in the works of Lucretius. Democritus and Epicurus however did not hold to a monist ontology since they held to the ontological separation of matter and space i.e. space being \"another kind\" of being, indicating that the definition of \"materialism\" is wider than given scope for in this article."}], ["Materialisme berkait rapat dengan fizisme, pandangan bahawa semua yang wujud akhirnya fizikal. Fisisme falsafah telah berkembang dari materialisme dengan penemuan-penemuan sains fizikal untuk memasukkan lebih banyak sifat-sifat fizikal yang lebih canggih daripada perkara biasa seperti: masa, tenaga fizikal dan kekuatan, perkara gelap, dan sebagainya. Oleh itu istilah \"fizikalisme\" lebih disukai daripada \"materialisme\" oleh sesetengah orang, sementara yang lain menggunakan istilah seolah-olah mereka adalah sinonim. <> Apakah beberapa contoh fizikal falsafah? || masa, tenaga dan daya fizikal, perkara gelap <> Ada yang menganggap fizikal adalah sinonim dengan apa? || Materialisme <> Apakah definisi non-fizikal? || <> Apakah definisi non-materialisme? || <> Apa yang telah diturunkan daripada materialisme? || <> Istilah apa yang tidak disukai daripada materialisme? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are some examples of philosophical physicalism?", "id": "56de936b4396321400ee2a30", "answers": [{"text": "spacetime, physical energies and forces, dark matter", "answer_start": 295}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some people consider physicalism to be synonymous with what?", "id": "56de936b4396321400ee2a31", "answers": [{"text": "Materialism", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the view that all that exists is ultimately physical", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "What is the definition of non-physicalism? ", "id": "5acd0a0107355d001abf3200", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the view that all that exists is ultimately physical", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "What is the definition of non-materialism?", "id": "5acd0a0107355d001abf3201", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Philosophical physicalism", "answer_start": 101}], "question": "What has devolved from materialism? ", "id": "5acd0a0107355d001abf3202", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "physicalism", "answer_start": 375}], "question": "What term is not preferred over materialism? ", "id": "5acd0a0107355d001abf3203", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Materialism is closely related to physicalism, the view that all that exists is ultimately physical. Philosophical physicalism has evolved from materialism with the discoveries of the physical sciences to incorporate more sophisticated notions of physicality than mere ordinary matter, such as: spacetime, physical energies and forces, dark matter, and so on. Thus the term \"physicalism\" is preferred over \"materialism\" by some, while others use the terms as if they are synonymous."}], ["Walaupun banyak sekolah falsafah dan nuansa halus antara banyak, semua falsafah dikatakan jatuh ke dalam satu daripada dua kategori utama, yang ditakrifkan berbeza antara satu sama lain: Idealisme, dan materialisme. [A] Cadangan asas kedua-dua kategori ini berkaitan dengan sifat realiti, dan pembezaan utama di antara mereka adalah cara mereka menjawab dua soalan asas: \"apa realiti terdiri daripada?\" dan \"bagaimana ia berasal?\" Kepada idealis, semangat atau fikiran atau objek minda (idea) adalah utama, dan perkara sekunder. Kepada materialis, perkara adalah utama, dan minda atau semangat atau idea adalah sekunder, hasil dari perkara yang bertindak terhadap materi. <> Apakah soalan pertama yang diminta untuk menentukan dua kelas? || \"apa realiti terdiri daripada?\" <> Apakah soalan kedua untuk bertanya untuk menentukan dua kelas? || \"bagaimana ia berasal?\" <> Seorang idealis menganggap sebagai yang paling penting? || semangat atau fikiran atau objek minda (idea) <> Seorang materialis menganggap sebagai yang paling penting? || perkara <> Apa soalan terakhir yang perlu ditanya untuk menentukan dua kelas? || <> Seorang materialis menganggap sebagai yang paling tidak penting? || <> Seorang materialis menganggap sebagai yang kedua paling tidak penting? || <> Seorang idealis menganggap sebagai yang paling tidak penting? || <> Seorang idealis menganggap sebagai yang kedua paling tidak penting? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the first question to ask in order to define the two classes?", "id": "56de957acffd8e1900b4ba02", "answers": [{"text": "\"what does reality consist of?\"", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the second question to ask in order to define the two classes?", "id": "56de957acffd8e1900b4ba03", "answers": [{"text": "\"how does it originate?\"", "answer_start": 436}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "An idealist considers what as the most important?", "id": "56de957acffd8e1900b4ba04", "answers": [{"text": "spirit or mind or the objects of mind (ideas)", "answer_start": 475}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A materialist considers what as the most important?", "id": "56de957acffd8e1900b4ba05", "answers": [{"text": "matter", "answer_start": 538}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "what does reality consist of?", "answer_start": 401}], "question": "What is the last question to ask in order to define the two classes?", "id": "5acd0b0407355d001abf3222", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "matter", "answer_start": 573}], "question": "A materialist considers what as the least important?", "id": "5acd0b0407355d001abf3223", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mind or spirit or ideas", "answer_start": 596}], "question": "A materialist considers what as the second to least important?", "id": "5acd0b0407355d001abf3224", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "spirit or mind or the objects of mind (ideas)", "answer_start": 475}], "question": " An idealist considers what as the least important?", "id": "5acd0b0407355d001abf3225", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "matter", "answer_start": 538}], "question": " An idealist considers what as the second to least important?", "id": "5acd0b0407355d001abf3226", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Despite the large number of philosophical schools and subtle nuances between many, all philosophies are said to fall into one of two primary categories, which are defined in contrast to each other: Idealism, and materialism.[a] The basic proposition of these two categories pertains to the nature of reality, and the primary distinction between them is the way they answer two fundamental questions: \"what does reality consist of?\" and \"how does it originate?\" To idealists, spirit or mind or the objects of mind (ideas) are primary, and matter secondary. To materialists, matter is primary, and mind or spirit or ideas are secondary, the product of matter acting upon matter."}], ["Dengan adanya fizik kuantum, sesetengah saintis percaya konsep perkara itu hanya berubah, sementara yang lain percaya kedudukan konvensional tidak dapat dikekalkan lagi. Sebagai contoh, Werner Heisenberg berkata, \"Ontologi materialisme bergantung kepada ilusi bahawa jenis kewujudan, 'aktualitas' langsung dunia di sekeliling kita, boleh diekstrapolasi ke dalam julat atom. Ini ekstrapolasi, bagaimanapun, adalah mustahil ... atom bukan perkara. \" Begitu juga, beberapa ahli falsafah [yang?] Merasakan bahawa dikotomi ini memerlukan pertukaran dari materialisme kepada fizikalisme. Orang lain menggunakan istilah \"materialisme\" dan \"fizikalisme\" secara bergantian. <> Werner Heisenberg mencadangkan bahawa atom bukanlah apa? || perkara-perkara <> Werner Heisenberg percaya bahawa atom ditakrifkan sebagai apa? || <> Siapa yang tidak percaya perubahan dari materialisme kepada fizikalisme adalah perlu? || <> Siapa kata \"Ekstrapolasi ini, bagaimanapun, adalah mustahil ... atom banyak benda\" || <> Para saintis percaya bahawa konsep materi tidak berubah ketika fisika apa dimulai? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Werner Heisenberg suggested that atoms are not what?", "id": "56dee9483277331400b4d7f7", "answers": [{"text": "things", "answer_start": 450}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "things", "answer_start": 450}], "question": " Werner Heisenberg believes that atoms are defined as what?", "id": "5acd185a07355d001abf3476", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "philosophers", "answer_start": 474}], "question": "Who do not believe a switch from materialism to physicalism is necessary? ", "id": "5acd185a07355d001abf3477", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Werner Heisenberg", "answer_start": 195}], "question": "Who said \"This extrapolation, however, is impossible... atoms are lots of things\"", "id": "5acd185a07355d001abf3478", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "quantum physics", "answer_start": 19}], "question": "Scientists believed that the concept of matter did not change when what physics started?", "id": "5acd185a07355d001abf3479", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "With the advent of quantum physics, some scientists believed the concept of matter had merely changed, while others believed the conventional position could no longer be maintained. For instance Werner Heisenberg said \"The ontology of materialism rested upon the illusion that the kind of existence, the direct 'actuality' of the world around us, can be extrapolated into the atomic range. This extrapolation, however, is impossible... atoms are not things.\" Likewise, some philosophers[which?] feel that these dichotomies necessitate a switch from materialism to physicalism. Others use the terms \"materialism\" and \"physicalism\" interchangeably."}], ["Menurut model kosmologi dominan, model Lambda-CDM, kurang daripada 5% kepadatan tenaga alam semesta terdiri daripada \"perkara\" yang digambarkan oleh Model Standard Fizik Partikel, dan majoriti alam semesta terdiri daripada perkara gelap dan tenaga gelap - dengan sedikit persetujuan di kalangan saintis mengenai apa yang dibuat. <> Model mana yang menunjukkan bahawa perkara adalah 5% dari alam semesta? || Model Lambda-CDM <> Apa jenis bahan yang dianggap model itu? || perkara gelap <> Model mana yang menunjukkan bahawa perkara adalah 0.5% dari alam semesta? || <> Apa jenis perkara yang model itu percaya tidak? || <> Model standard percaya tidak ada alam semesta yang terdiri daripada apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which model suggests that matter is 5% of the universe?", "id": "56dee82a3277331400b4d7f3", "answers": [{"text": "Lambda-CDM model", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of matter does the model consider it to be?", "id": "56dee82a3277331400b4d7f4", "answers": [{"text": "dark matter", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lambda-CDM model", "answer_start": 50}], "question": " Which model suggests that matter is 0.5% of the universe?", "id": "5acd17e107355d001abf3466", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dark matter", "answer_start": 242}], "question": " What type of matter does the model believe it to not be?", "id": "5acd17e107355d001abf3467", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dark matter and dark energy", "answer_start": 242}], "question": "The standard model believes none of the universe is composed of what?", "id": "5acd17e107355d001abf3468", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to the dominant cosmological model, the Lambda-CDM model, less than 5% of the universe's energy density is made up of the \"matter\" described by the Standard Model of Particle Physics, and the majority of the universe is composed of dark matter and dark energy - with little agreement amongst scientists about what these are made of."}], ["Sifat dan definisi perkara - seperti konsep utama lain dalam sains dan falsafah - telah menyebabkan banyak perdebatan. Adakah terdapat satu jenis perkara (hyle) yang semuanya dibuat, atau pelbagai jenis? Adakah bahan yang berterusan mampu menyatakan pelbagai bentuk (hylomorphism), atau beberapa unsur konstituen yang tidak berubah (atomisme)? Adakah ia mempunyai sifat intrinsik (teori substansi), atau kekurangannya (prima materia)? <> Apa itu hyle? || perkara <> Apa yang tidak pernah dibahaskan? || <> Apakah kebalikan dari hylomorphism? || <> Apakah bertentangan dengan atomisme? || <> Apakah istilah untuk perkara sifar? || <> Apa istilah untuk kekurangan kemudian memperoleh hartanah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is hyle?", "id": "56dee668c65bf219000b3e01", "answers": [{"text": "matter", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The nature and definition of matter", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What has never been debated? ", "id": "5acd16f507355d001abf3436", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "atomism", "answer_start": 343}], "question": "What is the opposite of hylomorphism?", "id": "5acd16f507355d001abf3437", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hyle", "answer_start": 153}], "question": "What is the opposite of atomism?", "id": "5acd16f507355d001abf3438", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hyle", "answer_start": 153}], "question": "What is the term for zero kinds of matter? ", "id": "5acd16f507355d001abf3439", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prima materia", "answer_start": 430}], "question": "What is the term for lacking then gaining properties? ", "id": "5acd16f507355d001abf343a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The nature and definition of matter - like other key concepts in science and philosophy - have occasioned much debate. Is there a single kind of matter (hyle) which everything is made of, or multiple kinds? Is matter a continuous substance capable of expressing multiple forms (hylomorphism), or a number of discrete, unchanging constituents (atomism)? Does it have intrinsic properties (substance theory), or is it lacking them (prima materia)?"}], ["Pada awal abad ke-12 al-Andalus, ahli falsafah Arab, Ibn Tufail (Abubacer), menulis perbincangan mengenai materialisme dalam novel falsafahnya, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus), sementara samar-samar meramalkan gagasan materialisme sejarah. <> Apa nama novel yang ditulis oleh Ibn Tufail? || Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus) <> Bilakah Ibn Tufail dilahirkan? || <> Bilakah Ibn Tufail mati? || <> Dalam buku apa Hayy ibn Yaqdhan membayangkan idea materialisme moden? || <> Apa buku oleh Ibn Tufail tidak membincangkan materialisme? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the novel written by Ibn Tufail?", "id": "56dedf32c65bf219000b3d99", "answers": [{"text": "Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus)", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "12th-century", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "When was Ibn Tufail born?", "id": "5acd128707355d001abf3356", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "12th-century", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "When did Ibn Tufail die?", "id": "5acd128707355d001abf3357", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Philosophus Autodidactus", "answer_start": 161}], "question": "In what book did Hayy ibn Yaqdhan foreshadow the idea of modern materialism? ", "id": "5acd128707355d001abf3358", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hayy ibn Yaqdhan", "answer_start": 143}], "question": "What book by Ibn Tufail did not discuss materialism? ", "id": "5acd128707355d001abf3359", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In early 12th-century al-Andalus, the Arabian philosopher, Ibn Tufail (Abubacer), wrote discussions on materialism in his philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus), while vaguely foreshadowing the idea of a historical materialism."}], ["Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) menulis bahawa \"... materialisme adalah falsafah subjek yang lupa untuk mengambil kira dirinya sendiri\". Dia mendakwa bahawa subjek pemerhatian hanya dapat mengetahui objek material melalui pengantaraan otak dan organisasi tertentu. Iaitu, otak itu sendiri adalah \"penentu\" bagaimana obyek-obyek material akan dialami atau dirasakan: <> Arthur Schopenhauer hidup dari tahun apa ke tahun apa? || 1788-1860 <> Apa yang dia katakan bahawa otak akan membuat keputusan? || bagaimana objek material akan dialami atau dilihat <> Siapa yang menulis bahawa \"... materialisme bukanlah falsafah subjek yang lupa untuk mengambil kira dirinya sendiri\" || <> Siapa yang mendakwa bahawa subjek yang tidak memerhati hanya dapat mengetahui objek material melalui mediasi otak dan organisasi tertentu? || <> Siapa percaya otak bukan penentu tentang bagaimana objek-objek material dialami? || <> Apakah otak tidak membuat keputusan? || <> Apa maksudnya untuk menjadi otak bukan penentu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Arthur Schopenhauer lived from what year to what year?", "id": "56dee0f43277331400b4d7ab", "answers": [{"text": "1788-1860", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did he say that the brain would decide?", "id": "56dee0f43277331400b4d7ac", "answers": [{"text": "how material objects will be experienced or perceived", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Arthur Schopenhauer", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who wrote that \"...materialism is not the philosophy of the subject who forgets to take account of himself\"", "id": "5acd139a07355d001abf3386", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Arthur Schopenhauer", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who claimed that a non-observing subject can only know material objects through the mediation of the brain and its particular organization?", "id": "5acd139a07355d001abf3387", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Arthur Schopenhauer", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who believed the brain is not a determiner of how material objects are experienced? ", "id": "5acd139a07355d001abf3388", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "how material objects will be experienced or perceived", "answer_start": 318}], "question": "What does the brain not decide? ", "id": "5acd139a07355d001abf3389", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "how material objects will be experienced or perceived", "answer_start": 318}], "question": "What does it mean for the brain to be a non-determiner? ", "id": "5acd139a07355d001abf338a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) wrote that \"...materialism is the philosophy of the subject who forgets to take account of himself\". He claimed that an observing subject can only know material objects through the mediation of the brain and its particular organization. That is, the brain itself is the \"determiner\" of how material objects will be experienced or perceived:"}], ["Banyak ahli falsafah terkini dan terkini-contohnya, Daniel Dennett, Willard Van Orman Quine, Donald Davidson, dan Jerry Fodor-beroperasi dalam kerangka fisikis atau materialis yang luas, menghasilkan rekod saingan yang paling sesuai untuk menampung fikiran, termasuk fungsionalisme, monisme anomali, teori identiti , dan sebagainya. <> Mengenai fikiran, apakah 3 teori yang ahli falsafah zaman moden cuba menyelaraskan? || fungsionalisme, monisme anomali, teori identiti <> Apakah 3 teori yang ahli falsafah zaman purba cuba menyelaraskan? || <> Apa 3 teori yang tidak difahami oleh para ahli falsafah moden? || <> Apakah tiga teori yang tidak menampung fikiran? || <> Jerry Fodor tidak bersetuju dengan kerangka kerja apa? || <> Daniel Dennett mengasaskan teori mana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In regards to the mind, what are 3 theories that modern day philosophers try to harmonize?", "id": "56dee346c65bf219000b3ddf", "answers": [{"text": "functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory", "answer_start": 248}], "question": "What are 3 theories that ancient day philosophers try to harmonize?", "id": "5acd14cb07355d001abf33c0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory", "answer_start": 248}], "question": "What 3 theories do modern philosophers disagree with? ", "id": "5acd14cb07355d001abf33c1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory", "answer_start": 248}], "question": "What are the three theories that do not accommodate mind?", "id": "5acd14cb07355d001abf33c2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "materialist framework", "answer_start": 157}], "question": "Jerry Fodor disagrees with what framework?", "id": "5acd14cb07355d001abf33c3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "identity theory", "answer_start": 281}], "question": "Daniel Dennett founded which theory?", "id": "5acd14cb07355d001abf33c4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Many current and recent philosophers\u2014e.g., Daniel Dennett, Willard Van Orman Quine, Donald Davidson, and Jerry Fodor\u2014operate within a broadly physicalist or materialist framework, producing rival accounts of how best to accommodate mind, including functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory, and so on."}], ["Ahli antropologi materialis dan atheis Jerman, Ludwig Feuerbach, akan memberi isyarat baru mengenai materialisme melalui bukunya, The Essence of Christianity (1841), yang memberikan rekaan humanis agama sebagai persoalan luar sifat manusia dalam. Materialisme Feuerbach pada akhirnya akan mempengaruhi Karl Marx. <> Siapa yang menulis \"The Essence of Christianity\"? || Ludwig Feuerbach <> Pada tahun apakah \"Essence of Christianity\" ditulis? || 1841 <> Apakah pengarang \"Essence of Christianity\" menganggap agama menjadi? || ramalan ke luar sifat dalaman manusia <> Idea pengarang kemudian akan mempengaruhi ahli falsafah yang terkenal? || Karl Marx <> Apa materialis Jerman tidak menandakan giliran baru dalam materialisme? || <> Bilakah Ludwig Feuerbach dilahirkan? || <> Bilakah Ludwig Feuerbach mati? || <> Karl Marx tidak dipengaruhi oleh siapa? || <> Bilakah Karl Marx menulis Essence of Christianity? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who wrote \"The Essence of Christianity\"?", "id": "56dee1f3c65bf219000b3dbf", "answers": [{"text": "Ludwig Feuerbach", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was \"The Essence of Christianity\" written?", "id": "56dee1f3c65bf219000b3dc0", "answers": [{"text": "1841", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the author of \"The Essence of Christianity\" consider religion to be?", "id": "56dee1f3c65bf219000b3dc1", "answers": [{"text": "the outward projection of man's inward nature", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The author's ideas would later influence what well known philosopher?", "id": "56dee1f3c65bf219000b3dc2", "answers": [{"text": "Karl Marx", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ludwig Feuerbach", "answer_start": 50}], "question": "What German materialist did not signal a new turn in materialism?", "id": "5acd143307355d001abf339a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1841", "answer_start": 153}], "question": "When was Ludwig Feuerbach born?", "id": "5acd143307355d001abf339b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1841", "answer_start": 153}], "question": "When did Ludwig Feuerbach die? ", "id": "5acd143307355d001abf339c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ludwig Feuerbach", "answer_start": 50}], "question": "Karl Marx was not influenced by who? ", "id": "5acd143307355d001abf339d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1841", "answer_start": 153}], "question": "When did Karl Marx write The Essence of Christianity?", "id": "5acd143307355d001abf339e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The German materialist and atheist anthropologist Ludwig Feuerbach would signal a new turn in materialism through his book, The Essence of Christianity (1841), which provided a humanist account of religion as the outward projection of man's inward nature. Feuerbach's materialism would later heavily influence Karl Marx."}], ["Satu cabaran kepada konsep tradisional perkara sebagai \"perkara\" yang ketara datang dengan kebangkitan fizik bidang pada abad ke-19. Relativiti menunjukkan bahawa perkara dan tenaga (termasuk tenaga medan yang diedarkan secara spasial) boleh ditukar ganti. Ini membolehkan pandangan ontologi bahawa tenaga adalah bahan prima dan bahan adalah salah satu bentuknya. Sebaliknya, Model Fizik Piawai Piawai menggunakan teori bidang kuantum untuk menerangkan semua interaksi. Pada pandangan ini dapat dikatakan bahawa medan adalah bahan prima dan tenaga adalah milik medan. <> Relativiti menggambarkan bahawa apa yang boleh ditukar ganti? || perkara dan tenaga <> Teori Ontologi menunjukkan bahawa apakah bahan utama? || tenaga <> teori bidang kuantum mencadangkan apakah bahan utama? || bidang <> Relativiti mengatakan bahawa apa yang tidak boleh dipertukarkan? || <> Teori Ontologi menentukan apa yang bukan bahan utama? || <> Teori bidang kuantum menentukan apa yang bukan bahan utama? || <> Bilakah bidang fizik berhenti diajar? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Relativity illustrates that what is interchangeable?", "id": "56dee7883277331400b4d7e3", "answers": [{"text": "matter and energy", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Ontological theory suggests that what is the main substance?", "id": "56dee7883277331400b4d7e4", "answers": [{"text": "energy", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Quantum field theory suggest what is the main substance?", "id": "56dee7883277331400b4d7e5", "answers": [{"text": "fields", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "matter and energy", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "Relativity says that what is not interchangeable?", "id": "5acd177407355d001abf344a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "energy", "answer_start": 205}], "question": " Ontological theory determines what is not the main substance?", "id": "5acd177407355d001abf344b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "field", "answer_start": 549}], "question": " Quantum field theory determines what is not the main substance?", "id": "5acd177407355d001abf344c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "19th century", "answer_start": 114}], "question": "When did the field of physics stop being taught?", "id": "5acd177407355d001abf344d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "One challenge to the traditional concept of matter as tangible \"stuff\" came with the rise of field physics in the 19th century. Relativity shows that matter and energy (including the spatially distributed energy of fields) are interchangeable. This enables the ontological view that energy is prima materia and matter is one of its forms. On the other hand, the Standard Model of Particle physics uses quantum field theory to describe all interactions. On this view it could be said that fields are prima materia and the energy is a property of the field."}], ["Kemudian materialis India Jayaraashi Bhatta (abad ke-6) dalam karyanya Tattvopaplavasimha (\"Mengganggu semua prinsip\") menafikan epistemologi Nyaya Sutra. Falsafah C\u0101rv\u0101na yang materialistik nampaknya telah meninggal beberapa waktu selepas tahun 1400. Ketika Madhavacharya menyusun Sarva-dar\u015bana-samgraha (suatu pencerahan dari semua falsafah) pada abad ke-14, ia tidak mempunyai teks C\u0101rv\u0101ka / Lok\u0101yata untuk kutipan, atau bahkan merujuk. <> Nama gelaran kerja oleh Jayaraashi Bhatta. || Tattvopaplavasimha (\"Mengganggu semua prinsip\") <> Jenis falsafah mana yang tidak diteruskan selepas 1400? || materialistik falsafah C\u0101rv\u0101ka <> Apa itu Sarva-dar\u015bana-samgraha? || satu pencerahan semua falsafah <> Siapa yang menulis Sarva-dar\u015bana-samgraha? || Madhavacharya <> Apa maksud Jayaraashi Bhatta? || <> Bilakah Jayaraashi Bhatta mati? || <> Apa falsafah berterusan selepas 1400? || <> Teks apakah yang dilakukan oleh Madhavacharya? || <> Bilakah Jayaraashi Bhatta dilahirkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Name the title of the work by Jayaraashi Bhatta.", "id": "56dedeeac65bf219000b3d8b", "answers": [{"text": "Tattvopaplavasimha (\"The upsetting of all principles\")", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which type of philosphy did not continue after 1400?", "id": "56dedeeac65bf219000b3d8c", "answers": [{"text": "materialistic C\u0101rv\u0101ka philosophy", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Sarva-dar\u015bana-samgraha?", "id": "56dedeeac65bf219000b3d8d", "answers": [{"text": "a digest of all philosophies", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the Sarva-dar\u015bana-samgraha?", "id": "56dedeeac65bf219000b3d8e", "answers": [{"text": "Madhavacharya", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The upsetting of all principles", "answer_start": 90}], "question": "What does Jayaraashi Bhatta mean?", "id": "5acd11c607355d001abf3330", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "6th century", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "When did Jayaraashi Bhatta die?", "id": "5acd11c607355d001abf3331", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "materialistic C\u0101rv\u0101ka philosophy", "answer_start": 166}], "question": "What philosphy continued after 1400?", "id": "5acd11c607355d001abf3332", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "C\u0101rv\u0101ka/Lok\u0101yata", "answer_start": 359}], "question": "What text did Madhavacharya quote from?", "id": "5acd11c607355d001abf3333", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "6th century", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "When was Jayaraashi Bhatta born?", "id": "5acd11c607355d001abf3334", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Later Indian materialist Jayaraashi Bhatta (6th century) in his work Tattvopaplavasimha (\"The upsetting of all principles\") refuted the Nyaya Sutra epistemology. The materialistic C\u0101rv\u0101ka philosophy appears to have died out some time after 1400. When Madhavacharya compiled Sarva-dar\u015bana-samgraha (a digest of all philosophies) in the 14th century, he had no C\u0101rv\u0101ka/Lok\u0101yata text to quote from, or even refer to."}], ["Para ulama Perancis, Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) mewakili tradisi materialis yang bertentangan dengan percubaan Ren\u00e9 Descartes (1596-1650) untuk menyediakan sains semulajadi dengan yayasan dualist. Diikuti dengan materialisme dan atheist abb\u00e9 Jean Meslier (1664-1729), Julien Offray de La Mettrie, Paul-Henri Thiry Baron d'Holbach dari Jerman-Perancis (1723-1789), Encyclopedist Denis Diderot (1713-1784), dan pemikir Enlightenment Perancis; dan juga (di England) John \"Walking\" Stewart (1747-1822), yang bersungguh-sungguh dalam melihat perkara yang diberkati dengan dimensi moral mempunyai kesan besar kepada puisi falsafah William Wordsworth (1770-1850). <> Pierre Gassendi hidup dari tahun apa ke tahun apa? || 1592-1665 <> Ren\u00e9 Descartes hidup dari tahun apa ke tahun apa? || 1596-1650 <ab> Jean Meslier tinggal dari tahun ke tahun apa? || 1664-1729 <> Denis Diderot hidup dari tahun apa ke tahun apa? || 1713-1784 <> William Wordsworth hidup dari apa tahun ke tahun apa? || 1770-1850 <> Yang bersetuju dengan Pierre Gassendi? || <> Siapa yang tidak bersetuju dengan Paul-Henri Thiry Baron d'Holbach? || <> Siapa yang tidak melihat perkara yang dikurniakan dimensi moral? || <> William Wordsworth tidak dipengaruhi oleh pemikir mana? || <> Siapa yang menyediakan sains bukan semulajadi dengan yayasan dualist? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Pierre Gassendi lived from what year to what year?", "id": "56dee0713277331400b4d7a1", "answers": [{"text": "1592-1665", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Ren\u00e9 Descartes lived from what year to what year?", "id": "56dee0713277331400b4d7a2", "answers": [{"text": "1596-1650", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "abb\u00e9 Jean Meslier lived from what year to what year?", "id": "56dee0713277331400b4d7a3", "answers": [{"text": "1664-1729", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Denis Diderot lived from what year to what year?", "id": "56dee0713277331400b4d7a4", "answers": [{"text": "1713-1784", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "William Wordsworth lived from what year to what year?", "id": "56dee0713277331400b4d7a5", "answers": [{"text": "1770-1850", "answer_start": 653}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ren\u00e9 Descartes", "answer_start": 117}], "question": "Who agreed with Pierre Gassendi?", "id": "5acd132607355d001abf3372", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "other French Enlightenment thinkers", "answer_start": 418}], "question": "Who disagreed with Paul-Henri Thiry Baron d'Holbach? ", "id": "5acd132607355d001abf3373", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "John \"Walking\" Stewart", "answer_start": 479}], "question": "Who did not see matter as endowed with moral dimension?", "id": "5acd132607355d001abf3374", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "John \"Walking\" Stewart", "answer_start": 479}], "question": "William Wordsworth was not impacted by which thinker?", "id": "5acd132607355d001abf3375", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ren\u00e9 Descartes", "answer_start": 117}], "question": "Who provided the non-natural sciences with dualist foundations?", "id": "5acd132607355d001abf3376", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of Ren\u00e9 Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheist abb\u00e9 Jean Meslier (1664-1729), Julien Offray de La Mettrie, the German-French Paul-Henri Thiry Baron d'Holbach (1723-1789), the Encyclopedist Denis Diderot (1713-1784), and other French Enlightenment thinkers; as well as (in England) John \"Walking\" Stewart (1747-1822), whose insistence in seeing matter as endowed with a moral dimension had a major impact on the philosophical poetry of William Wordsworth (1770-1850)."}], ["Materialis falsafah moden memanjangkan definisi entiti lain yang boleh dilihat secara saintifik seperti tenaga, daya, dan kelengkungan ruang. Walau bagaimanapun ahli falsafah seperti Mary Midgley mencadangkan bahawa konsep \"perkara\" adalah sukar difahami dan kurang jelas. <> Mengapa Mary Midgley menyatakan perkara itu jelas? || <> Pekerjaan apa yang dilakukan oleh Mary Midgley? || <> Apa yang bukan entiti yang boleh diperhatikan? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"matter\" is elusive", "answer_start": 222}], "question": "Why does Mary Midgley suggest matter is well defined? ", "id": "5acd0cf807355d001abf3266", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "materialists", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "What job does Mary Midgley hold? ", "id": "5acd0cf807355d001abf3267", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "energy, forces, and the curvature of space", "answer_start": 108}], "question": "What is not an observable entity? ", "id": "5acd0cf807355d001abf3268", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Modern philosophical materialists extend the definition of other scientifically observable entities such as energy, forces, and the curvature of space. However philosophers such as Mary Midgley suggest that the concept of \"matter\" is elusive and poorly defined."}], ["Materialisme biasanya berbeza dengan dualisme, fenomenalisme, idealisme, vitalisme, dan monisme dua aspek. Materialinya boleh, dalam beberapa cara, dikaitkan dengan konsep Determinisme, seperti yang disokong oleh pemikir Pencerahan. <> Mengapa materialisme bersetuju dengan dualisme? || <> Mengapa materialisme bersetuju dengan fenomenalisme? || <> Siapa yang tidak menghubungkan materialisme dengan determinisme? || <> Apa yang berbeza dengan monisme berbilang aspek? || <> Apa yang berbeza dengan bukan dualisme? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Its materiality can, in some ways, be linked", "answer_start": 105}], "question": "Why does materialism agree with dualism? ", "id": "5acd0d8e07355d001abf327c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Its materiality can, in some ways, be linked to the concept of Determinism", "answer_start": 105}], "question": "Why does materialism agree with phenomenalism? ", "id": "5acd0d8e07355d001abf327d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Enlightenment thinkers", "answer_start": 196}], "question": "Who doesn't link materialism with determinism?", "id": "5acd0d8e07355d001abf327e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Materialism", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What contrasts with multi-aspect monism?", "id": "5acd0d8e07355d001abf327f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Materialism", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What contrasts with non-dualism?", "id": "5acd0d8e07355d001abf3280", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Materialism typically contrasts with dualism, phenomenalism, idealism, vitalism, and dual-aspect monism. Its materiality can, in some ways, be linked to the concept of Determinism, as espoused by Enlightenment thinkers."}], ["Jika perkara dan tenaga dilihat perlu untuk menerangkan dunia fizikal, tetapi tidak dapat menerangkan fikiran, hasil dualisme. Kemunculan, holisme, dan falsafah proses berusaha untuk memperbaiki kelemahan yang dirasakan oleh materialisme tradisional (terutama mekanistik) tanpa meninggalkan materialisme sepenuhnya. <> Apa 3 jenis falsafah cuba membetulkan masalah dengan materi dan tenaga tanpa membuang segala kepercayaan tentang materialisme? || Kemunculan, holisme, dan proses falsafah <> Apa yang tidak perlu untuk menjelaskan dunia fizikal? || <> Apa yang mampu menerangkan minda? || <> Apa kemunculannya? || <> Apa tiga falsafah tidak membetulkan kekurangan materialisme? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What 3 types of philosophies attempt to correct the problem with matter and energy without removing every belief about materialism?", "id": "56deef443277331400b4d82e", "answers": [{"text": "Emergence, holism, and process philosophy", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "matter and energy", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "What is unnecessary to explain the physical world? ", "id": "5acd249f07355d001abf369a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "matter and energy", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "What is capable of explaining mind? ", "id": "5acd249f07355d001abf369b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "traditional (especially mechanistic) materialism", "answer_start": 216}], "question": "What is emergence the opposite of? ", "id": "5acd249f07355d001abf369c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Emergence, holism, and process", "answer_start": 125}], "question": "What three philosophies do not correct the shortcomings of materialism? ", "id": "5acd249f07355d001abf369d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "If matter and energy are seen as necessary to explain the physical world, but incapable of explaining mind, dualism results. Emergence, holism, and process philosophy seek to ameliorate the perceived shortcomings of traditional (especially mechanistic) materialism without abandoning materialism entirely."}], ["Bantahan Davies dan Gribbin dikongsi oleh penyokong fizik digital yang memandang maklumat daripada perkara menjadi asas. Bantahan mereka juga dikongsi oleh beberapa pengasas teori kuantum, seperti Max Planck, yang menulis: <> Fizik digital menganggap apa yang lebih penting daripada perkara? || Maklumat <> fizik digital menganggap apa yang kurang penting daripada perkara? || <> Max Planck tidak bersetuju dengan siapa? || <> Siapa yang mengasaskan fizik digital? || <> Siapa yang tidak bersetuju dengan teori kuantum? || <> Siapa percaya perkara penting lebih penting daripada maklumat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Digital physicists consider what to be more important than matter?", "id": "56deeaae3277331400b4d811", "answers": [{"text": "information", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "information", "answer_start": 86}], "question": "Digital physicists consider what to be less important than matter?", "id": "5acd198007355d001abf34ca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Davies' and Gribbin's", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Max Planck disagreed with who? ", "id": "5acd198007355d001abf34cb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Max Planck", "answer_start": 214}], "question": "Who founded digital physics? ", "id": "5acd198007355d001abf34cc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Max Planck", "answer_start": 214}], "question": "Who disagrees with the quantum theory? ", "id": "5acd198007355d001abf34cd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Max Planck", "answer_start": 214}], "question": "Who believes matter is more important than information? ", "id": "5acd198007355d001abf34ce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Davies' and Gribbin's objections are shared by proponents of digital physics who view information rather than matter to be fundamental. Their objections were also shared by some founders of quantum theory, such as Max Planck, who wrote:"}], ["Sesetengah pengkritik membantah kepada materialisme sebagai sebahagian daripada pendekatan yang terlalu ragu, sempit atau reduktivis terhadap teori, daripada tuntutan ontologi bahawa perkara adalah satu-satunya bahan. Ahli fizik zarah dan ahli teologi Anglican John Polkinghorne menumpukan kepada apa yang beliau sebut sebagai materialisme promisori - mendakwa bahawa sains materialistik akhirnya akan berjaya menjelaskan fenomena yang belum dapat dijelaskan. Polkinghorne lebih suka monisme \"dual-aspect\" kepada kepercayaan terhadap materialisme. <> Alih-alih kepercayaan, John Polkinghorne bergantung pada apa yang berkaitan dengan teori materialisme? || monisme dwi-aspek <> Siapa yang bersetuju dengan materialisme promissory? || <> Siapa yang mendakwa bahawa ilmu materialistik tidak akan menerangkan fenomena? || <> Polkinghorne percaya dalam kepercayaan dalam materialisme dan bukannya apa? || <> Mengapa pengkritik bersetuju dengan materialisme? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Instead of faith, John Polkinghorne relies on what when it comes to the theory of materialism?", "id": "56def0c53277331400b4d83a", "answers": [{"text": "dual-aspect monism", "answer_start": 440}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "John Polkinghorne", "answer_start": 228}], "question": "Who agrees with promissory materialism? ", "id": "5acd253807355d001abf36be", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "John Polkinghorne", "answer_start": 228}], "question": "Who claims that materialistic science will never explain phenomena? ", "id": "5acd253807355d001abf36bf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dual-aspect monism", "answer_start": 440}], "question": "Polkinghorne believes in faith in materialism instead of what? ", "id": "5acd253807355d001abf36c0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "an overly skeptical, narrow or reductivist approach to theorizing", "answer_start": 46}], "question": "Why do critics agree with materialism? ", "id": "5acd253807355d001abf36c1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some critics object to materialism as part of an overly skeptical, narrow or reductivist approach to theorizing, rather than to the ontological claim that matter is the only substance. Particle physicist and Anglican theologian John Polkinghorne objects to what he calls promissory materialism \u2014 claims that materialistic science will eventually succeed in explaining phenomena it has not so far been able to explain. Polkinghorne prefers \"dual-aspect monism\" to faith in materialism."}], ["Hujah untuk idealisme, seperti Hegel dan Berkeley, adalah ipso facto argumen terhadap materialisme. Matter boleh dikatakan berlebihan, seperti dalam teori ikatan, dan sifat-sifat bebas fikiran boleh pula dikurangkan menjadi persepsi subjektif. Berkeley membentangkan contoh yang terakhir dengan menunjukkan bahawa adalah mustahil untuk mengumpul bukti langsung perkara, kerana tidak ada pengalaman langsung tentang perkara; semua yang dialami adalah persepsi, sama ada dalaman atau luaran. Oleh itu, kewujudan bahan hanya dapat diandaikan dari persepsi kestabilan (dilihat); ia mendapati sama ada tiada bukti dalam pengalaman langsung. <> Jika anda mempercayai idealisme, anda tidak menghiraukan apa? || materialisme <> Jika anda percaya pada idealisme, anda juga percaya dengan apa? || <> Siapa yang menyatakan bahawa adalah mungkin untuk mengumpul bukti langsung perkara? || <> Apa yang boleh dianggap tidak berlebihan? || <> Mengapa mungkin untuk mengumpul bukti langsung? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "If you believe in idealism, you are disbeliving in what?", "id": "56deee36c65bf219000b3e37", "answers": [{"text": "materialism", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "materialism", "answer_start": 97}], "question": "If you believe in idealism, you are also believing in what?", "id": "5acd22f707355d001abf3658", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Berkeley", "answer_start": 248}], "question": "Who points out that it is possible to gather direct evidence of matter?", "id": "5acd22f707355d001abf3659", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Matter", "answer_start": 110}], "question": "What can be considered non-redundant? ", "id": "5acd22f707355d001abf365a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "all that is experienced is perception, whether internal or external", "answer_start": 410}], "question": "Why is it possible to gather direct evidence? ", "id": "5acd22f707355d001abf365b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "An argument for idealism, such as those of Hegel and Berkeley, is ipso facto an argument against materialism. Matter can be argued to be redundant, as in bundle theory, and mind-independent properties can in turn be reduced to subjective percepts. Berkeley presents an example of the latter by pointing out that it is impossible to gather direct evidence of matter, as there is no direct experience of matter; all that is experienced is perception, whether internal or external. As such, the existence of matter can only be assumed from the apparent (perceived) stability of perceptions; it finds absolutely no evidence in direct experience."}], ["Beberapa ahli fizik dan penulis sains moden seperti Paul Davies dan John Gribbin berpendapat bahawa materialisme telah dibuktikan oleh penemuan ilmiah tertentu dalam fizik, seperti mekanik kuantum dan teori huru hara. Pada tahun 1991, Gribbin dan Davies mengeluarkan buku The Matter Myth, bab pertama yang, \"Kematian Materialisme\", mengandungi petikan berikut: <> Apakah beberapa penemuan yang menyokong hujah mereka? || mekanik kuantum dan teori huru hara. <> Apakah nama buku 1991 oleh Paul Davies dan John Gribbins? || Mitos Matter <> Kapan Paul Davies dilahirkan? || <> Bilakah John Gribbin dilahirkan? || <> Siapa percaya materialisme telah terbukti dengan penemuan ilmiah? || <> Siapa percaya bahawa fizik ditakrifkan sebagai materialisme? || <> Siapa yang menulis bab \"Kelahiran Materialisme\"? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are some of the findings that support their argument?", "id": "56deea683277331400b4d80a", "answers": [{"text": "quantum mechanics and chaos theory.", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the 1991 book by Paul Davies and John Gribbins?", "id": "56deea683277331400b4d80b", "answers": [{"text": "The Matter Myth", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1991", "answer_start": 222}], "question": "When was Paul Davies born? ", "id": "5acd192c07355d001abf34b6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1991", "answer_start": 222}], "question": "When was John Gribbin born? ", "id": "5acd192c07355d001abf34b7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Paul Davies and John Gribbin", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "Who believes materialism has been proven by scientific findings? ", "id": "5acd192c07355d001abf34b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Paul Davies and John Gribbin", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "Who believes that physics defined materialism?", "id": "5acd192c07355d001abf34b9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Gribbin and Davies", "answer_start": 228}], "question": "Who wrote the chapter \"The Birth of Materialism\"? ", "id": "5acd192c07355d001abf34ba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some modern day physicists and science writers\u2014such as Paul Davies and John Gribbin\u2014have argued that materialism has been disproven by certain scientific findings in physics, such as quantum mechanics and chaos theory. In 1991, Gribbin and Davies released their book The Matter Myth, the first chapter of which, \"The Death of Materialism\", contained the following passage:"}], ["Ilmiah \"Materialisme\" sering sinonim dengan, dan sejauh ini telah dijelaskan, sebagai materialisme yang reduktif. Dalam tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini, Paul dan Patricia Churchland telah menganjurkan kedudukan yang berbeza secara radikal (sekurang-kurangnya, berkenaan dengan hipotesis tertentu); materialisme eliminativist berpendapat bahawa beberapa fenomena mental tidak wujud sama sekali, dan percakapan fenomena mental itu mencerminkan \"psikologi rakyat\" yang benar-benar palsu dan ilusi introspeksi. Itulah, materialis penghapusan mungkin mencadangkan bahawa konsep seperti \"kepercayaan\" sememangnya tidak mempunyai dasar sebenarnya - cara sains rakyat bercakap mengenai penyakit yang disebabkan oleh setan. Materialisme yang reduktif berada di salah satu ujung kontinum (teori kita akan mengurangkan fakta) dan materialisme eliminatif pada yang lain (teori-teori tertentu perlu dihapuskan berdasarkan fakta-fakta baru), materialisme Revisionary adalah suatu tempat di tengah-tengah. <> Materialisme redif tidak sinonim dengan apa? || <> Materialisme saintifik tidak sinonim dengan apa? || <> Paul dan Patricia tidak bersetuju dengan hipotesis apa? || <> Kepercayaan memiliki dasar sebenarnya dalam apa jenis pemikiran materialis? || <> Apa yang sama dengan materialisme revisionary? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Scientific \"Materialism\"", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Reductive materialism is not synonymous with what?", "id": "5acd158a07355d001abf33f2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "reductive materialism", "answer_start": 93}], "question": "Scientific materialism is not synonymous with what? ", "id": "5acd158a07355d001abf33f3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mental phenomena simply do not exist at all", "answer_start": 298}], "question": "Paul and Patricia disagree with what hypotheses? ", "id": "5acd158a07355d001abf33f4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "eliminative materialist", "answer_start": 469}], "question": "Belief has a basis in fact in what type of materialist mindset? ", "id": "5acd158a07355d001abf33f5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "eliminative materialism", "answer_start": 715}], "question": "What is the same as revisionary materialism? ", "id": "5acd158a07355d001abf33f6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Scientific \"Materialism\" is often synonymous with, and has so far been described, as being a reductive materialism. In recent years, Paul and Patricia Churchland have advocated a radically contrasting position (at least, in regards to certain hypotheses); eliminativist materialism holds that some mental phenomena simply do not exist at all, and that talk of those mental phenomena reflects a totally spurious \"folk psychology\" and introspection illusion. That is, an eliminative materialist might suggest that a concept like \"belief\" simply has no basis in fact - the way folk science speaks of demon-caused illnesses. Reductive materialism being at one end of a continuum (our theories will reduce to facts) and eliminative materialism on the other (certain theories will need to be eliminated in light of new facts), Revisionary materialism is somewhere in the middle."}], ["Menurut Encyclopedia Katolik 1907-1912, materialisme, ditakrifkan sebagai \"sistem falsafah yang menganggap materi sebagai satu-satunya realiti di dunia [...] menafikan kewujudan Tuhan dan jiwa\". Oleh itu, materialisme, dalam pandangan ini, tidak bertentangan dengan kebanyakan agama dunia, termasuk agama Kristian, Yahudi dan Islam. Dalam konteks semacam itu, seseorang boleh mengumpamakan materialisme dengan atheisme. Kebanyakan agama Hindu dan transendentalisme menganggap semua perkara sebagai ilusi dipanggil Maya, membutakan manusia daripada mengetahui \"kebenaran\". Maya adalah realiti fizikal dan mental terhad, di mana kesedaran setiap hari kita telah terjerat. Maya dimusnahkan untuk seseorang apabila dia melihat Brahman dengan pengetahuan transendental. <> Berdasarkan definisi di atas, materialisme tidak konsisten dengan apa? || agama <> Berdasarkan definisi di atas, materialisme selaras dengan apa? || <> Buku apa yang mentakrifkan materialisme sebagai sistem bukan falsafah? || <> Kristian, Yahudi dan Islam semuanya bersetuju dengan falsafah apa? || <> Apa yang dicipta untuk seseorang apabila mereka melihat Brahman? || <> Agama apa yang tidak percaya pada ilusi yang dipanggil Maya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Based on the above definition, materialism is not consistent with what?", "id": "56deebf2c65bf219000b3e32", "answers": [{"text": "religions", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "religions", "answer_start": 278}], "question": "Based on the above definition, materialism is consistent with what?", "id": "5acd19fc07355d001abf34e8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Catholic Encyclopedia", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "What book defined materialism as a non-philosophical system?", "id": "5acd19fc07355d001abf34e9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Materialism", "answer_start": 204}], "question": "Christianity, Judaism, and Islam all agree with what philosophy?", "id": "5acd19fc07355d001abf34ea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Maya", "answer_start": 636}], "question": "What is created for a person when they perceive Brahman?", "id": "5acd19fc07355d001abf34eb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hinduism", "answer_start": 402}], "question": "What religion does not believe in an illusion called Maya? ", "id": "5acd19fc07355d001abf34ec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1907-1912, materialism, defined as \"a philosophical system which regards matter as the only reality in the world [...] denies the existence of God and the soul\". Materialism, in this view, therefore becomes incompatible with most world religions, including Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. In such a context one can conflate materialism with atheism. Most of Hinduism and transcendentalism regards all matter as an illusion called Maya, blinding humans from knowing \"the truth\". Maya is the limited, purely physical and mental reality in which our everyday consciousness has become entangled. Maya gets destroyed for a person when s/he perceives Brahman with transcendental knowledge."}], ["Sebaliknya, Joseph Smith, pengasas gerakan Saint Latter Day, mengajar: \"Tidak ada perkara yang tidak penting, semua roh adalah perkara, tetapi ia lebih halus atau murni, dan hanya dapat dilihat oleh mata yang lebih murni; tidak dapat melihatnya, tetapi apabila badan kita dimurnikan, kita akan melihat bahawa semuanya itu penting. \" Unsur semangat ini sentiasa wujud; ia kekal bersama Tuhan. Ia juga dipanggil \"kecerdasan\" atau \"cahaya kebenaran\", yang seperti semua perkara yang dapat dilihat \"tidak dicipta atau dibuat, tidak semestinya\". Ahli-ahli Gereja Yesus Kristus dari Orang-Orang Suci Zaman Akhir melihat wahyu-wahyu Joseph Smith sebagai pemulihan doktrin Kristian asal, yang mereka percaya teolog pasca-apostolik mula merosot di abad-abad selepas Kristus. Tulisan banyak [menghitung] ahli-ahli teologi ini menunjukkan pengaruh yang jelas dari falsafah-kecenderungan metafizik Yunani seperti Neoplatonisme, yang mencirikan ketuhanan sebagai bahan dasar yang tidak mudah, tidak berbentuk, tidak penting, yang melampaui semua yang fizikal. Meskipun banyak pembangkang yang kuat, gambaran metafizik dari Tuhan akhirnya dimasukkan ke dalam doktrin gereja Kristian, menggantikan konsep Judeo-Kristian yang asal dari Tuhan yang fizikal, jasmani yang menciptakan manusia dalam imej dan kesamaan-Nya. <> Neoplatonisme menerangkan ketuhanan sebagai apa? || mudah, tidak penting, tidak berbentuk, bahan / esensi (ousia) yang melampaui semua yang fizikal <> Kumpulan agama mana yang menentang idea Neoplatonisme? || Kristian <> Yang berkata: \"Ada perkara yang tidak penting.\" || <> Pergerakan apa yang percaya \"Ada perkara yang tidak penting.\" || <> Siapa yang berkata: \"Kita dapat melihatnya, tetapi apabila badan kita dimurnikan, kita akan melihat bahawa semuanya itu penting.\" || <> Siapa kata: \"Semua semangat tidak penting\" || <> Siapa percaya roh itu juga dipanggil kecerdasan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Neoplatonism describes divinity as what?", "id": "56deed163277331400b4d827", "answers": [{"text": "simple, immaterial, formless, substance/essence (ousia) that transcended all that was physical", "answer_start": 933}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which religious group strongly opposed the idea of Neoplatonism?", "id": "56deed163277331400b4d828", "answers": [{"text": "Christians", "answer_start": 1065}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Joseph Smith", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "Who said: \"There is such thing as immaterial matter. \"", "id": "5acd1a5a07355d001abf3510", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Latter Day Saint", "answer_start": 46}], "question": "What movement believes \"There is such thing as immaterial matter. \"", "id": "5acd1a5a07355d001abf3511", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "All spirit is matter", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "Who said: \" We can see it; but when our bodies are purified we shall see that it is all matter.\"", "id": "5acd1a5a07355d001abf3512", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Joseph Smith", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "Who said: \"All spirit is not matter\" ", "id": "5acd1a5a07355d001abf3513", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Joseph Smith", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "Who believed the spirit is also called intelligence? ", "id": "5acd1a5a07355d001abf3514", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In contrast, Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, taught: \"There is no such thing as immaterial matter. All spirit is matter, but it is more fine or pure, and can only be discerned by purer eyes; We cannot see it; but when our bodies are purified we shall see that it is all matter.\" This spirit element has always existed; it is co-eternal with God. It is also called \"intelligence\" or \"the light of truth\", which like all observable matter \"was not created or made, neither indeed can be\". Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints view the revelations of Joseph Smith as a restoration of original Christian doctrine, which they believe post-apostolic theologians began to corrupt in the centuries after Christ. The writings of many[quantify] of these theologians indicate a clear influence of Greek metaphysical philosophies such as Neoplatonism, which characterized divinity as an utterly simple, immaterial, formless, substance/essence (ousia) that transcended all that was physical. Despite strong opposition from many Christians, this metaphysical depiction of God eventually became incorporated into the doctrine of the Christian church, displacing the original Judeo-Christian concept of a physical, corporeal God who created humans in His image and likeness."}], ["Konsep perkara telah berubah sebagai tindak balas kepada penemuan saintifik baru. Oleh itu, materialisme tidak mempunyai kandungan yang pasti bebas dari teori tertentu perkara yang berdasarkannya. Menurut Noam Chomsky, mana-mana harta boleh dianggap material, jika seseorang mendefinisikan perkara sedemikian sehingga ia memiliki harta itu. <> Konsep perkara tidak berubah dengan sebab apa? || <> Siapa yang percaya bahawa harta boleh dipertimbangkan bukan material? || <> Siapa yang percaya bahawa harta itu boleh dianggap material jika seseorang mendefinisikannya tidak memiliki harta? || <> Apa kandungan yang pasti daripada teori perkara tertentu? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "new scientific discoveries", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "The concept of matter has not changed for what reason?", "id": "5acd18c307355d001abf3492", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Noam Chomsky", "answer_start": 200}], "question": "Who believes that property can be considered non-material?", "id": "5acd18c307355d001abf3493", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Noam Chomsky", "answer_start": 200}], "question": "Who believes that property can be considered material if one defines it does not have property?", "id": "5acd18c307355d001abf3494", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "materialism", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "What has definite content independent of the particular theory of matter?", "id": "5acd18c307355d001abf3495", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The concept of matter has changed in response to new scientific discoveries. Thus materialism has no definite content independent of the particular theory of matter on which it is based. According to Noam Chomsky, any property can be considered material, if one defines matter such that it has that property."}], ["Beberapa materialis saintifik telah dikritik, contohnya oleh Noam Chomsky, kerana gagal memberikan definisi yang jelas tentang apa yang menjadi masalah, meninggalkan istilah \"materialisme\" tanpa makna yang pasti. Chomsky juga menyatakan bahawa kerana konsep perkara mungkin dipengaruhi oleh penemuan saintifik baru, seperti yang telah berlaku pada masa lalu, materialis saintifik sedang dogmatik dengan menganggap sebaliknya. <> Siapa yang dipuji kerana memberikan definisi materalisme yang jelas? || <> Noam Chomsky tidak bersetuju dengan konsep apa? || <> Chomsky menyatakan bahawa perkara tidak dipengaruhi oleh apa? || <> Bagaimana Chomsky menentukan materialisme? || <> Menurut Chomsky, yang dogmatis untuk bersetuju dengannya? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Noam Chomsky", "answer_start": 66}], "question": "Who is praised for providing a clear definition of materalism?", "id": "5acd161a07355d001abf340e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the concept of matter may be affected by new scientific discoveries", "answer_start": 242}], "question": "Noam Chomsky disagrees with what concept? ", "id": "5acd161a07355d001abf340f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "new scientific discoveries", "answer_start": 283}], "question": "Chomsky stated that matter is not affected by what? ", "id": "5acd161a07355d001abf3410", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the concept of matter may be affected by new scientific discoveries", "answer_start": 242}], "question": "How does Chomsky define materialism? ", "id": "5acd161a07355d001abf3411", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "scientific materialists", "answer_start": 340}], "question": "According to Chomsky, who are dogmatic for agreeing with him? ", "id": "5acd161a07355d001abf3412", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some scientific materialists have been criticized, for example by Noam Chomsky, for failing to provide clear definitions for what constitutes matter, leaving the term \"materialism\" without any definite meaning. Chomsky also states that since the concept of matter may be affected by new scientific discoveries, as has happened in the past, scientific materialists are being dogmatic in assuming the opposite."}], ["Kant berhujah terhadap ketiga-tiga bentuk materialisme, idealisme subyektif (yang dia kontras dengan \"idealisme transendental\" nya) dan dualisme. Walau bagaimanapun, Kant juga berpendapat bahawa perubahan dan masa memerlukan substrat yang berterusan, dan berbuat demikian berkaitan dengan Refutasi Idealismenya. Pemikir postmodern / poststructuralist juga menyatakan skeptisisme mengenai skema metafizik yang merangkumi semua. Ahli falsafah Mary Midgley, antara lain, berpendapat bahawa materialisme adalah idea menyangkal diri, sekurang-kurangnya dalam bentuk eliminatifnya. <> Siapa yang bersetuju dengan ketiga-tiga bentuk materialisme? || <> Siapa yang tidak bersetuju dengan idealisme transendental? || <> Postmodern / poststructuralist bersetuju dengan apa? || <> Siapa bersetuju bahawa materialisme bukanlah idea yang membantah diri? || <> Siapa yang menulis Refutasi Materialisme? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kant", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who agreed with all three forms of materialism? ", "id": "5acd1ab607355d001abf3538", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kant", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who disagrees with transcendental idealism? ", "id": "5acd1ab607355d001abf3539", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "any all-encompassing metaphysical scheme", "answer_start": 348}], "question": "Postmodern/poststructuralist agree with what? ", "id": "5acd1ab607355d001abf353a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mary Midgley", "answer_start": 402}], "question": "Who agrees that materialism is not a self-refuting idea?", "id": "5acd1ab607355d001abf353b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kant", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "Who wrote the Refutation of Materialism? ", "id": "5acd1ab607355d001abf353c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Kant argued against all three forms of materialism, subjective idealism (which he contrasts with his \"transcendental idealism\") and dualism. However, Kant also argues that change and time require an enduring substrate, and does so in connection with his Refutation of Idealism. Postmodern/poststructuralist thinkers also express a skepticism about any all-encompassing metaphysical scheme. Philosopher Mary Midgley, among others, argues that materialism is a self-refuting idea, at least in its eliminative form."}]], [["Pelbagai kepercayaan dan amalan terdapat di seluruh dunia di kalangan mereka yang memanggil diri mereka sebagai orang Kristian. Denominasi dan sekte tidak bersetuju dengan definisi \"Kristian\" yang sama. Sebagai contoh, Timothy Beal mencatatkan perbezaan kepercayaan antara mereka yang mengenal pasti sebagai orang Kristian di Amerika Syarikat seperti berikut: <> Walaupun Kekristianan pada akhirnya satu kepercayaan, pelbagai jenis yang terdapat di antara denominasi dan mazhab yang berbeza? || kepercayaan dan amalan <> Apa denominasi dan sekte semua bersetuju? || <> Apa yang terdapat di kalangan mereka yang menyebut diri mereka sebagai Timothy Beal? || <> Siapa yang tidak sepadan dengan catatan Kristian? || <> Siapa yang mencatat perbezaan kepercayaan antara mereka yang mengenal pasti Timothy Beal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "While Christianity is ultimately one belief, a wide range of what is found among the different denominations and sects?", "id": "56df063dc65bf219000b3eef", "answers": [{"text": "beliefs and practices", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "common definition of \"Christianity\".", "answer_start": 145}], "question": "What do denominations and sects all agree upon?", "id": "5ad2d6c9d7d075001a42a426", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "wide range of beliefs and practices", "answer_start": 2}], "question": "What is found among those who call themselves Timothy Beal?", "id": "5ad2d6c9d7d075001a42a427", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "those who identify as Christians in the United States", "answer_start": 245}], "question": "Who does Christian note disparities among?", "id": "5ad2d6c9d7d075001a42a428", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Timothy Beal", "answer_start": 195}], "question": "Who notes the disparity of beliefs among those identifying as Timothy Beal?", "id": "5ad2d6c9d7d075001a42a429", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A wide range of beliefs and practices is found across the world among those who call themselves Christian. Denominations and sects disagree on a common definition of \"Christianity\". For example, Timothy Beal notes the disparity of beliefs among those who identify as Christians in the United States as follows:"}], ["Penggunaan istilah pertama (atau kognitifnya dalam bahasa lain) direkodkan dalam Perjanjian Baru, dalam Kisah 11:26, setelah Barnabas membawa Saul (Paulus) ke Antiokhus di mana mereka mengajar murid-murid selama kira-kira setahun, \"[...] murid-murid itu dipanggil orang-orang Kristen pertama di Antiokhia.\" Penyebut kedua istilah ini adalah dalam Kisah 26:28, di mana Herod Agrippa II menjawab Paulus Rasul, \"Kemudian Agripa berkata kepada Paulus,\" Kamu hampir memujuk saya menjadi seorang Kristen. \" Rujukan Perjanjian Baru yang ketiga dan akhir untuk istilah ini adalah dalam 1 Petrus 4:16, yang menasehati orang yang beriman: \"Tetapi jika [ada orang yang menderita] sebagai orang Kristen, janganlah ia malu, tetapi hendaklah ia memuliakan Allah atas nama ini.\" <> Di manakah rujukan pertama kepada perkataan Kristian dalam Alkitab? || Kisah 11:26 <> Siapa yang membuat rujukan kedua kepada perkataan Kristian dalam Alkitab? || Herod Agrippa II <> Ketika ayat itu adalah sebutan ketiga? || Petrus 4:16 <> Di mana buku perjanjian lama adalah penggunaan pertama istilah ini? || <> Berapa lama Antioch dan Paul mengajar murid? || <> Di manakah istilah sebutan keempat dan terakhir? || <> Di mana buku Perjanjian Lama melakukan Paul balas kepada Herod Agrippa? || <> Dimana Peter pertama kali dipanggil orang Kristian? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the first reference to the word Christian in the Bible?", "id": "56defe90c65bf219000b3ead", "answers": [{"text": "Acts 11:26", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who made the second reference to the word Christian in the Bible?", "id": "56defe90c65bf219000b3eaf", "answers": [{"text": "Herod Agrippa II", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When verse was the third mention?", "id": "56defe90c65bf219000b3eb1", "answers": [{"text": "Peter 4:16", "answer_start": 532}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Acts", "answer_start": 100}], "question": "In which book of the old testament is the first known usage of the term?", "id": "5ad2d20cd7d075001a42a374", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "about a year", "answer_start": 194}], "question": "For how long did Antioch and Paul teach disciples?", "id": "5ad2d20cd7d075001a42a375", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1 Peter 4:16,", "answer_start": 530}], "question": "Where was the fourth and final mention of the term?", "id": "5ad2d20cd7d075001a42a376", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Acts", "answer_start": 328}], "question": "In which book of the Old Testament does Paul reply to Herod Agrippa?", "id": "5ad2d20cd7d075001a42a377", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Antioch", "answer_start": 276}], "question": "Where was Peter first called Christians?", "id": "5ad2d20cd7d075001a42a378", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The first recorded use of the term (or its cognates in other languages) is in the New Testament, in Acts 11:26, after Barnabas brought Saul (Paul) to Antioch where they taught the disciples for about a year, the text says: \"[...] the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch.\" The second mention of the term follows in Acts 26:28, where Herod Agrippa II replied to Paul the Apostle, \"Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian.\" The third and final New Testament reference to the term is in 1 Peter 4:16, which exhorts believers: \"Yet if [any man suffer] as a Christian, let him not be ashamed; but let him glorify God on this behalf.\""}], ["Seorang Kristian (sebutan (bantuan \u00b7 info)) adalah orang yang berpegang kepada agama Kristian, agama Abraham, monoteistik berdasarkan kehidupan dan ajaran Yesus Kristus. \"Kristian\" berasal dari perkataan Yunani Koine Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), terjemahan istilah Ibrani istilah mashiach. <> Apakah orang yang mengikuti Kristian dipanggil? || Kristian <> Kehidupan siapa yang belajar dari orang Kristian? || Yesus Kristus <> Apa perkataan Yunani berasal dari Kristian? || Christ\u00f3s <> Christ\u00f3s diterjemahkan daripada istilah Bible? || mashiach <> Agama mana yang merupakan agama Yunani berdasarkan Yesus Kristus? || <> Kata apa yang berasal dari Christos? || <> Istilah mana yang berasal dari perkataan Christian? || <> Istilah mana yang dimaksud dengan terjemahan istilah Yunani Abrahamik? || <> Apakah istilah bagi seseorang yang mematuhi mashiach? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a person who follows Christianity called?", "id": "56deefeb3277331400b4d831", "answers": [{"text": "Christian", "answer_start": 2}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose life do Christians learn from?", "id": "56deefeb3277331400b4d832", "answers": [{"text": "Jesus Christ", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Greek word is Christian derived from?", "id": "56deefeb3277331400b4d833", "answers": [{"text": "Christ\u00f3s", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Christ\u00f3s is translated from what Biblical term?", "id": "56deefeb3277331400b4d834", "answers": [{"text": "mashiach", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christianity", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "Which religion is a Greek religion based on Jesus Christ?", "id": "5ad2c906d7d075001a42a212", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christian", "answer_start": 168}], "question": "Which word does Christos derive from?", "id": "5ad2c906d7d075001a42a213", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christ\u00f3s", "answer_start": 213}], "question": "Which term is derived from the word Christian?", "id": "5ad2c906d7d075001a42a214", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mashiach", "answer_start": 275}], "question": "Which term is a translation of the Greek term Abrahamic?", "id": "5ad2c906d7d075001a42a215", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christian", "answer_start": 2}], "question": "What is the term for a person who adheres to mashiach?", "id": "5ad2c906d7d075001a42a216", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach."}], ["Kenneth Samuel Wuest berpendapat bahawa ketiga-tiga penggunaan ayat-ayat Perjanjian Baru yang asal mencerminkan unsur yang membingungkan dalam istilah Kristian untuk merujuk kepada pengikut Kristus yang tidak mengakui kaisar Rom. Kota Antioch, di mana seseorang memberi mereka nama Kristian, mempunyai reputasi untuk datang dengan nama samaran seperti itu. Bagaimanapun, pengakuan Peter yang jelas mengenai istilah itu telah menjadi lebih disukai daripada \"Nazarenes\" dan istilah Christianoi dari 1 Peter menjadi istilah standard dalam Bapa-bapa Gereja Awal dari Ignatius dan Polycarp dan seterusnya. <> Kenneth Samuel Wuest percaya bahawa istilah Kristian Alkitabiah merujuk orang-orang yang tidak mengakui siapa? || maharaja Rom <> Di bandar apakah yang bermula dengan istilah Kristian? || Antioch <> Ketika Peter mengesahkan istilah itu, istilah Kristian digunakan bukannya istilah lain? || Nazarenes <> Kota manakah yang tidak mempunyai reputasi untuk datang dengan nama samaran? || <> Kerana Christianoi mengesahkannya, istilah mana yang lebih disukai daripada Nazarenes? || <> Yang nama samaran telah disahkan oleh Kenneth Samuel Wuest? || <> Di mana bandar mereka diberi nama \"Peter\"? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Kenneth Samuel Wuest believes that the Biblical Christian term referenced people who did not acknowledge who?", "id": "56deff1d3277331400b4d877", "answers": [{"text": "the emperor of Rome", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city did the term Christians start?", "id": "56deff1d3277331400b4d878", "answers": [{"text": "Antioch", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When Peter endorsed the term, the term Christian was used instead of what other term?", "id": "56deff1d3277331400b4d879", "answers": [{"text": "Nazarenes", "answer_start": 406}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Antioch", "answer_start": 218}], "question": "Which city did not have a reputation for coming up with nicknames ?", "id": "5ad2d405d7d075001a42a3cc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christians", "answer_start": 260}], "question": "Because Christianoi endorsed it, which term was preferred  over Nazarenes?", "id": "5ad2d405d7d075001a42a3cd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christians", "answer_start": 260}], "question": "Which nickname was endorsed by Kenneth Samuel Wuest?", "id": "5ad2d405d7d075001a42a3ce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Antioch", "answer_start": 218}], "question": "In which city were they given the nickname \"Peter\"?", "id": "5ad2d405d7d075001a42a3cf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Kenneth Samuel Wuest holds that all three original New Testament verses' usages reflect a derisive element in the term Christian to refer to followers of Christ who did not acknowledge the emperor of Rome. The city of Antioch, where someone gave them the name Christians, had a reputation for coming up with such nicknames. However Peter's apparent endorsement of the term led to its being preferred over \"Nazarenes\" and the term Christianoi from 1 Peter becomes the standard term in the Early Church Fathers from Ignatius and Polycarp onwards."}], ["Perkataan Yunani \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 (Christianos), yang bermaksud \"pengikut Kristus\", berasal dari \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 (Christos), yang bermaksud \"orang yang diurapi\", dengan kata-kata yang berakhir yang dipinjam dari bahasa Latin untuk menunjukkan kepatuhan, atau bahkan kepunyaan, seperti dalam pemilikan hamba. Dalam Septuagint Yunani, christos digunakan untuk menterjemahkan Ibrani \u05de\u05b8\u05e9\u05b4\u05c1\u05d9\u05d7\u05b7 (Ma\u0161\u00eda\u1e25, messiah), yang bermaksud \"[orang yang diurapi.\" Dalam bahasa Eropah yang lain, kata-kata yang setara dengan Kristian juga berasal dari bahasa Yunani, seperti Chr\u00e9tien dalam bahasa Perancis dan Cristiano dalam bahasa Sepanyol. <> Apa perkataan Yunani yang mentakrif sebagai \"pengikut Kristus?\" || \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 (Christianos) <> Di manakah perkataan Yunani \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 (Christianos) berasal? || \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 (Christos) <> Apa artinya \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 (Christos)? || yang diurapi <> Apakah perkataan Perancis untuk orang Kristian yang berasal dari bahasa Yunani? || Chr\u00e9tien <> Daripada perkataan mana yang diucapkan orang ternama apakah Kristus berasal? || <> Sementara Christianos bermaksud orang yang diurapi, apa artinya Christos? || <> Walaupun Christos bermaksud pengikut Kristus, apa maksudnya Christianos? || <> Dari mana perkataan yang bersamaan dengan maksud untuk 'Latin' berasal? || <> Di mana agama yang christos bermaksud \"orang yang diurapi '? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What Greek word defines as \"follower of Christ?\"", "id": "56defdf2c65bf219000b3ea5", "answers": [{"text": "\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 (Christianos)", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the Greek word \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 (Christianos) come from?", "id": "56defdf2c65bf219000b3ea6", "answers": [{"text": "\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 (Christos)", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 (Christos) mean?", "id": "56defdf2c65bf219000b3ea7", "answers": [{"text": "anointed one", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the French word for Christian that was derived from Greek?", "id": "56defdf2c65bf219000b3ea8", "answers": [{"text": "Chr\u00e9tien", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christianos", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "From which word meaning anointed one does Christos originate?", "id": "5ad2d175d7d075001a42a360", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "follower of Christ", "answer_start": 50}], "question": "While Christianos means anointed one, what does Christos mean?", "id": "5ad2d175d7d075001a42a361", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "anointed one", "answer_start": 111}], "question": "While Christos means follower of Christ, what does Christianos mean?", "id": "5ad2d175d7d075001a42a362", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Greek", "answer_start": 453}], "question": "From who are words equivalent in meaning to 'Latin\" derived?", "id": "5ad2d175d7d075001a42a363", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hebrew", "answer_start": 300}], "question": "In which religion does christos mean \"one who is anointed'?", "id": "5ad2d175d7d075001a42a364", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Greek word \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 (Christianos), meaning \"follower of Christ\", comes from \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 (Christos), meaning \"anointed one\", with an adjectival ending borrowed from Latin to denote adhering to, or even belonging to, as in slave ownership. In the Greek Septuagint, christos was used to translate the Hebrew \u05de\u05b8\u05e9\u05b4\u05c1\u05d9\u05d7\u05b7 (Ma\u0161\u00eda\u1e25, messiah), meaning \"[one who is] anointed.\" In other European languages, equivalent words to Christian are likewise derived from the Greek, such as Chr\u00e9tien in French and Cristiano in Spanish."}], ["Peristiwa paling awal istilah dalam kesusasteraan bukan Kristian termasuk Josephus, merujuk kepada \"suku orang Kristian, dinamakan dari dia;\" Pliny the Younger dalam surat-menyurat dengan Trajan; dan Tacitus, yang menulis berhampiran hujung abad ke-1. Dalam Annals dia menceritakan bahawa \"oleh sebutan kasar [mereka] biasa dipanggil orang Kristian\" dan mengenal pasti orang Kristian sebagai kambing hitam Nero untuk Great Fire of Rome. <> Apakah salah satu daripada sebutan pertama istilah Kristian dalam karya bukan agama, merujuk kepada suku kaum Kristian? || Josephus <> Sastera kesusasteraan yang tidak religius mempunyai istilah Kristian di dalamnya menjelang akhir abad pertama? || Tacitus <> Kristian dikatakan sebagai kambing hitam siapa? || Nero <> Kumpulan mana yang dikenal pasti sebagai kambing hitam Tacitus untuk Api Besar Rom? || <> Kumpulan mana yang dikenal pasti sebagai kambing hitam Nero untuk Bom Besar Pliny yang lebih muda? || <> Apa istilah merujuk kepada suku Trajan dan oleh itu dinamakan darinya? || <> Trajan dikatakan sebagai kambing hitam siapa? || <> Pliny the Younger dikatakan sebagai kambing hitam siapa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is one of the first mentions of the term Christian in a non-religious work, referring to a tribe of Christians?", "id": "56df00f83277331400b4d88f", "answers": [{"text": "Josephus", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which non-religious piece of literature had the term Christian in it towards the end of the first century?", "id": "56df00f83277331400b4d890", "answers": [{"text": "Tacitus", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Christians were said to be the scapegoat of who?", "id": "56df00f83277331400b4d891", "answers": [{"text": "Nero", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christians", "answer_start": 353}], "question": "Which group is identified as Tacitus scapegoat for the Great Fire of Rome?", "id": "5ad2d589d7d075001a42a3f0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christians", "answer_start": 353}], "question": "Which group is identified as Nero's scapegoats for the Great Fire of Pliny the Younger?", "id": "5ad2d589d7d075001a42a3f1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Josephus", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "What term refers to the tribe of Trajan and so it is named from him?", "id": "5ad2d589d7d075001a42a3f2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nero", "answer_start": 367}], "question": "Trajan was said to be the scapegoat of who?", "id": "5ad2d589d7d075001a42a3f3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nero", "answer_start": 367}], "question": "Pliny the Younger was said to be the scapegoat of who?", "id": "5ad2d589d7d075001a42a3f4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The earliest occurrences of the term in non-Christian literature include Josephus, referring to \"the tribe of Christians, so named from him;\" Pliny the Younger in correspondence with Trajan; and Tacitus, writing near the end of the 1st century. In the Annals he relates that \"by vulgar appellation [they were] commonly called Christians\" and identifies Christians as Nero's scapegoats for the Great Fire of Rome."}], ["Satu lagi istilah untuk orang Kristian yang muncul dalam Perjanjian Baru adalah \"Nazarenes\" yang digunakan oleh peguam Yahudi Tertullus dalam Kisah 24. Tertullian (Terhadap Marcion 4: 8) mencatat bahawa \"orang Yahudi memanggil kami Nazarenes,\" sementara sekitar 331 AD Eusebius bahawa Kristus dipanggil Nazoraean dari nama Nazareth, dan bahawa pada abad-abad awal \"Orang Kristen,\" pernah disebut \"Nazarenes.\" Persamaan Ibrani \"Nazarenes\", Notzrim, berlaku di Talmud Babilonia, dan masih istilah Ibrani Israel moden untuk Kristian. <> Dalam Kisah 24, apakah perkataan lain yang dipanggil orang Kristian? || Nazarenes <> Apa yang dipanggil Yesus sejak dia dari Nazaret? || Nazoraean <> Apa istilah Ibrani untuk Nazaren? || Notzrim <> Wha masih memanggil orang Kristian Notzrim? || moden Israel Ibrani <> Apa istilah lain untuk orang Kristian yang muncul dalam Perjanjian Lama? || <> Dalam buku manakah Perjanjian Lama itu Tertullus menggunakan istilah Nazarenes untuk merujuk kepada orang Kristian? || <> Di mana buku Perjanjian Baru apakah Marcion merujuk kepada orang Kristian sebagai Nazarenes? || <> Di manakah buku Perjanjian Baru yang Tertullus merujuk kepada orang Kristian sebagai Talmud Babilonia? || <> Di mana buku Perjanjian Baru adalah Nazarenes dirujuk sebagai rekod Eusebius? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In Acts 24, what is another word that Christians are called?", "id": "56df01783277331400b4d899", "answers": [{"text": "Nazarenes", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Jesus called since he was from Nazareth?", "id": "56df01783277331400b4d89a", "answers": [{"text": "Nazoraean", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another Hebrew term for Nazarenes?", "id": "56df01783277331400b4d89b", "answers": [{"text": "Notzrim", "answer_start": 419}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Wha still calls Christians Notzrim?", "id": "56df01783277331400b4d89c", "answers": [{"text": "modern Israeli Hebrew", "answer_start": 478}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nazarenes", "answer_start": 67}], "question": "What is another term for Christians which appears in the Old Testament?", "id": "5ad2d622d7d075001a42a404", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Acts", "answer_start": 126}], "question": "In which book of the Old Testament does Tertullus use the term Nazarenes to refer to Christians?", "id": "5ad2d622d7d075001a42a405", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Acts", "answer_start": 126}], "question": "In which book of the New Testament does Marcion refer to Christians as Nazarenes as?", "id": "5ad2d622d7d075001a42a406", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Acts", "answer_start": 126}], "question": "In which book of the New Testament does Tertullus refer to Christians as Babylonian Talmuds?", "id": "5ad2d622d7d075001a42a407", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Acts", "answer_start": 126}], "question": "In which book of the New Testament are Nazarenes referred to as Eusebius records?", "id": "5ad2d622d7d075001a42a408", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Another term for Christians which appears in the New Testament is \"Nazarenes\" which is used by the Jewish lawyer Tertullus in Acts 24. Tertullian (Against Marcion 4:8) records that \"the Jews call us Nazarenes,\" while around 331 AD Eusebius records that Christ was called a Nazoraean from the name Nazareth, and that in earlier centuries \"Christians,\" were once called \"Nazarenes.\" The Hebrew equivalent of \"Nazarenes\", Notzrim, occurs in the Babylonian Talmud, and is still the modern Israeli Hebrew term for Christian."}], ["Terdapat tafsiran yang berbeza tentang Kekristianan yang kadang-kadang bertentangan. Walau bagaimanapun, \"Apa pun yang mereka mungkin tidak bersetuju, orang Kristian sekurang-kurangnya bersatu dalam mempercayai bahawa Yesus mempunyai maksud yang unik.\" Istilah \"Kristian\" juga digunakan secara adjektif untuk menggambarkan apa-apa yang berkaitan dengan Kekristianan, atau dalam erti kata pepatah \"semua yang mulia, dan baik, dan seperti Kristus.\" Ia juga digunakan sebagai label untuk mengenal pasti orang yang bersekutu dengan aspek budaya Kristian, tanpa mengira kepercayaan atau amalan agama peribadi. <> Walaupun banyak, persepsi agama Kristian kadang-kadang boleh jadi? || konflik <> Tidak kira kepercayaan, semua orang Kristian setuju bahawa Yesus mempunyai apa yang unik? || Kepentingan <> Sama ada seseorang terlibat dalam amalan atau kepercayaan, label Kristian kadangkala dilampirkan kerana mereka mengaitkan dengan apa? || aspek budaya agama Kristian <> Apa yang berkaitan dengan rasa pepatah kadang-kadang bertentangan? || <> Semua orang Kristian tidak setuju dengan apa tentang Yesus? || <> Kumpulan mana yang percaya bahawa Yesus tidak mempunyai maksud yang unik? || <> Istilah apa yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan apa-apa yang berkaitan dengan konflik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "While many, the perceptions of Christianity can sometimes what?", "id": "56def0acc65bf219000b3e3b", "answers": [{"text": "conflict", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Regardless of beliefs, Christians all agree that Jesus has a unique what?", "id": "56def0acc65bf219000b3e3c", "answers": [{"text": "significance", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whether one partakes in practices or beliefs, the label Christian is sometimes attached because they associate with what?", "id": "56def0acc65bf219000b3e3d", "answers": [{"text": "the cultural aspects of Christianity", "answer_start": 446}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "diverse interpretations", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "What regarding a proverbial sense is sometimes conflicting?", "id": "5ad2ccebd7d075001a42a2ac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "has a unique significance", "answer_start": 182}], "question": "All Christians disagree with what about Jesus?", "id": "5ad2ccebd7d075001a42a2ad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christians", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "Which group of people believe Jesus does not hold a unique significance?", "id": "5ad2ccebd7d075001a42a2ae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christian", "answer_start": 220}], "question": "What term is used to describe anything associated with conflict?", "id": "5ad2ccebd7d075001a42a2af", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" The term \"Christian\" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices."}], ["Kini, kira-kira 37% daripada semua orang Kristian tinggal di Amerika, dan kira-kira 26% tinggal di Eropah, 24% daripada jumlah Kristian tinggal di Afrika sub-Sahara, kira-kira 13% di Asia dan Pasifik, dan 1% di Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara. Kira-kira separuh daripada semua orang Kristian di seluruh dunia adalah Katolik, manakala lebih daripada satu pertiga adalah Protestan (37%). Komuniti Ortodoks terdiri daripada 12% daripada orang Kristian di dunia. Kumpulan-kumpulan Kristian yang lain membentuk selebihnya. Kristian membentuk majoriti penduduk di 158 negara dan wilayah. 280 juta Kristian hidup sebagai minoriti. <> Daripada semua orang Kristian di dunia, berapa orang Katolik? || separuh <> Kristian adalah majoriti dalam berapa banyak negara dan wilayah di dunia hari ini? || 158 <> Berapa peratus daripada orang Kristian tidak tinggal di benua Amerika? || <> Kira-kira 24% orang Kristian tinggal di Eropah dan berapa banyak di Sahara Afrika? || <> Kira-kira 1% daripada penduduk Kristian dunia tinggal di Amerika dan negara lain apa? || <> Dalam berapa banyak negara Kristian membentuk populasi minoriti? || <> Berapa banyak orang Kristian tinggal sebagai majoriti? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Of all the Christians in the world, how many are Catholic?", "id": "56def1c3c65bf219000b3e43", "answers": [{"text": "half", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Christians are the majority in how many countries and territories in the world today?", "id": "56def1c3c65bf219000b3e44", "answers": [{"text": "158", "answer_start": 507}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "37%", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "About how many percent of Christians do not live in the Americas?", "id": "5ad2cf1bd7d075001a42a2f4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "26%", "answer_start": 67}], "question": "About 24% of Christians live in Europe and how many in Saharan Africa?", "id": "5ad2cf1bd7d075001a42a2f5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "North Africa", "answer_start": 235}], "question": "About 1% of the worlds Christian population lives in America and what other country?", "id": "5ad2cf1bd7d075001a42a2f6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "158", "answer_start": 507}], "question": "In how many countries do Christians make up a minority population?", "id": "5ad2cf1bd7d075001a42a2f7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "280", "answer_start": 538}], "question": "How many million Christians live as a majority?", "id": "5ad2cf1bd7d075001a42a2f8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Today, about 37% of all Christians live in the Americas, and about 26% live in Europe, 24% of total Christians live in sub-Saharan Africa, about 13% in Asia and the Pacific, and 1% of the world's Christians live in the Middle east and North Africa. About half of all Christians worldwide are Catholic, while more than a third are Protestant (37%). Orthodox communions comprise 12% of the world's Christians. Other Christian groups make up the remainder. Christians make up the majority of the population in 158 countries and territories. 280 million Christian live as a minority."}], ["Menurut tinjauan Pusat Penyelidikan Pew 2011, terdapat 2.2 bilion orang Kristian di seluruh dunia pada 2010, naik dari sekitar 600 juta pada tahun 1910. Menjelang 2050, populasi Kristiani dijangka melebihi 3 bilion. Menurut tinjauan Pusat Penyelidikan Pew 2012, agama Kristian akan kekal sebagai agama terbesar dunia pada tahun 2050, jika trend semasa berterusan. <> Menurut satu laporan, berapa orang Kristian di dunia pada tahun 2010? || 2.2 bilion <> Berapa ramai orang Kristian di dunia pada tahun 1910? || 600 juta <> Jika pertumbuhan berterusan seperti yang ada, agama apa yang akan menjadi yang terbesar di dunia pada tahun 2050? || Kristian <> Kajian yang dijalankan pada 2012, menyimpulkan terdapat kira-kira 2.2 bilion orang Kristian di seluruh dunia? || <> Berapa ramai Pusat Penyelidikan Pew di seluruh dunia melakukan kaji selidik Kristian menyimpulkan ada? || <> Agama manakah yang akan menjadi yang paling kecil hingga tahun 2050 dengan menganggap trend semasa berterusan? || <> Melalui tahun mana apakah agama Kristian tetap menjadi agama terkecil di dunia? || <> Pada tahun apakah Pusat Penyelidikan Pew menyimpulkan bahawa agama Kristian akan tetap menjadi agama yang tidak penting menjelang tahun 2050? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "According to one report, how many Christians were in the world in 2010?", "id": "56def1133277331400b4d83d", "answers": [{"text": "2.2 billion", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Christians were in the world in 1910?", "id": "56def1133277331400b4d83e", "answers": [{"text": "600 million", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If growth continues as it has, what religion will be the largest in the world by 2050?", "id": "56def1133277331400b4d840", "answers": [{"text": "Christianity", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pew Research Center survey,", "answer_start": 20}], "question": "Which survey conducted in 2012, concluded there were about 2.2 billion Christians worldwide?", "id": "5ad2cd8bd7d075001a42a2c4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2.2 billion", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "How many Pew Research Centers worldwide did the Christian survey conclude there were?", "id": "5ad2cd8bd7d075001a42a2c5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christianity", "answer_start": 257}], "question": "Which religion will remain the smallest through 2050 assuming current trends continue?", "id": "5ad2cd8bd7d075001a42a2c6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2050", "answer_start": 314}], "question": "Through which year will Christianity remain the worlds smallest religion?", "id": "5ad2cd8bd7d075001a42a2c7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 225}], "question": "In which year did the Pew Research Center conclude that Christianity would remain an insignificant religion through 2050?", "id": "5ad2cd8bd7d075001a42a2c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue."}], ["Pada masa lalu, orang Melayu pernah memanggil Portugis Serani dari Arab Nasrani, tetapi istilah kini merujuk kepada Kristang moden Malaysia. <> Apa istilah orang Melayu menggunakan Serani Portugis? || Nasrani <> Apakah istilah ini merujuk kepada sekarang? || Kristang Kristang moden Malaysia <> Istilah mana yang digunakan untuk merujuk kepada Kristang ciptaan Malaysia? || <> Istilah mana yang merujuk kepada Kristang creoles dari Nasrani? || <> Siapa yang orang Melayu memanggil Kristang pada masa lalu? || <> Dari manakah istilah Kristang Serani berasal? || <> Kepada siapakah istilah Serani sekarang merujuk? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What term did the Malays use for the Portuguese Serani?", "id": "56df6bf35ca0a614008f99ff", "answers": [{"text": "Nasrani", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the term refer to now? ", "id": "56df6bf35ca0a614008f9a00", "answers": [{"text": "the modern Kristang creoles of Malaysia", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Serani", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "Which term used to refer to Kristang creoles of Malaysia?", "id": "5ad2ded9d7d075001a42a594", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Serani", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "Which term refers to the Kristang creoles of Nasrani?", "id": "5ad2ded9d7d075001a42a595", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Portuguese", "answer_start": 41}], "question": "Who did the Malays call Kristang creoles in the past?", "id": "5ad2ded9d7d075001a42a596", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Arabic Nasrani", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "From where does the term Kristang Serani derive?", "id": "5ad2ded9d7d075001a42a597", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "modern Kristang creoles of Malaysia.", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "To whom does the term Serani now refer?", "id": "5ad2ded9d7d075001a42a598", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the past, the Malays used to call the Portuguese Serani from the Arabic Nasrani, but the term now refers to the modern Kristang creoles of Malaysia."}], ["Istilah Syriac Nasrani (Nazarene) juga telah dilampirkan kepada orang Kristen Santo Thomas di Kerala, India. Di benua kecil India, orang Kristian memanggil diri mereka Isaai (Hindi: \u0908\u0938\u093e\u0908, Urdu: \u0639\u06cc\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc), dan juga dikenali dengan istilah ini kepada penganut agama lain. Ini berkaitan dengan nama yang mereka panggil Yesus, 'Isa Masih, dan secara literal bermaksud' pengikut 'Isa'. <> Perkataan mana yang telah disambungkan ke Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala, India? || Nasrani <> Apa pengikut Yesus menyebut diri mereka di benua India? || Isaai <> Apa yang orang-orang di benua India memanggil Yesus? || Isa Masih <> Istilah mana yang dikaitkan dengan Saint Isa Isa Isa? || <> Di mana orang India memanggil diri mereka Isaai? || <> Yang manakah istilah pengikut Yesus? || <> Manakah istilah Kristian yang dilampirkan kepada Orang Kristian Saint Thomas? || <> Apakah orang di Nasrani memanggil Yesus? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which word has been connected to Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala, India?", "id": "56df6b9d56340a1900b29ae4", "answers": [{"text": "Nasrani", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do followers of Jesus call themselves in the Indian subcontinent?", "id": "56df6b9d56340a1900b29ae5", "answers": [{"text": "Isaai", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do the people in the Indian subcontinent call Jesus?", "id": "56df6b9d56340a1900b29ae6", "answers": [{"text": "Isa Masih", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nasrani", "answer_start": 16}], "question": "Which term has been associated with Saint Jesus of Isa Masih?", "id": "5ad2de1cd7d075001a42a57c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Indian subcontinent", "answer_start": 114}], "question": "Where do Indians call themselves Isaai?", "id": "5ad2de1cd7d075001a42a57d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Isaai", "answer_start": 162}], "question": "Which term means followers of Jesus?", "id": "5ad2de1cd7d075001a42a57e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nasrani", "answer_start": 16}], "question": "Which Christian term is attached to Saint Thomas Christians?", "id": "5ad2de1cd7d075001a42a57f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Isa Masih", "answer_start": 309}], "question": "What do people in Nasrani call Jesus?", "id": "5ad2de1cd7d075001a42a580", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Syriac term Nasrani (Nazarene) has also been attached to the Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala, India. In the Indian subcontinent, Christians call themselves Isaai (Hindi: \u0908\u0938\u093e\u0908, Urdu: \u0639\u06cc\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u200e), and are also known by this term to adherents of other religions. This is related to the name they call Jesus, 'Isa Masih, and literally means 'the followers of 'Isa'."}], ["Kata-kata Parsi yang paling umum adalah Mas\u012bh\u012b (\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc), dari bahasa Arab., Kata-kata lain adalah Nasr\u0101n\u012b (\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc), dari Syriac untuk \"Nazarene\", dan Tars\u0101 (\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0627), dari kata Parsi Tengah Tars\u0101g, tars, yang bermaksud \"ketakutan, rasa hormat\". <> Apakah perkataan Parsi yang paling biasa bagi Kristian? || Mas\u012bh\u012b <> Apakah perkataan Syriac untuk Nazarene? || Nasr\u0101n\u012b <> Apakah makna makna? || takut, menghormati <> Apakah perkataan Persion Middle untuk Kristian? || Tars\u0101 <> Istilah mana yang paling tidak biasa kata Parsi untuk Kristian? || <> Berasal dari Parsi, apakah maksud perkataan Masihi Arab? || <> Dari Nasrani untuk Syriac, apa maksudnya Kristian? || <> Apakah perkataan Masihi yang paling biasa? || <> Dari mana bahasa adalah istilah paling tidak biasa yang diperolehi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the most common Persian word for Christian?", "id": "56df6aed56340a1900b29adc", "answers": [{"text": "Mas\u012bh\u012b", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Syriac word for Nazarene?", "id": "56df6aed56340a1900b29add", "answers": [{"text": "Nasr\u0101n\u012b", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does tars mean?", "id": "56df6aed56340a1900b29ade", "answers": [{"text": "fear, respect", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Middle Persion word for Christian?", "id": "56df6aed56340a1900b29adf", "answers": [{"text": "Tars\u0101", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mas\u012bh\u012b", "answer_start": 32}], "question": "Which term is the most uncommon Persian word for Christian?", "id": "5ad2dd4ad7d075001a42a558", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christian", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "Derived from Persian, what does the Arabic Masihi word mean?", "id": "5ad2dd4ad7d075001a42a559", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nasr\u0101n\u012b", "answer_start": 77}], "question": "From Nasrani for Syriac, what does Christian mean?", "id": "5ad2dd4ad7d075001a42a55a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Persian", "answer_start": 16}], "question": "What is the most common Masihi word?", "id": "5ad2dd4ad7d075001a42a55b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Persian", "answer_start": 16}], "question": "From which language is the least common term derived?", "id": "5ad2dd4ad7d075001a42a55c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The most common Persian word is Mas\u012bh\u012b (\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc), from Arabic.,Other words are Nasr\u0101n\u012b (\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc), from Syriac for \"Nazarene\", and Tars\u0101 (\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0627), from Middle Persian word Tars\u0101g, also meaning \"Christian\", derived from tars, meaning \"fear, respect\"."}], ["Pengenalan Yesus sebagai Mesias tidak diterima oleh Judaisme. Istilah untuk orang Kristian dalam bahasa Ibrani adalah \u05e0\u05d5\u05bc\u05e6\u05b0\u05e8\u05d9 (Notzri- \"Nazarene\"), istilah Talmud berasal dari fakta bahawa Yesus berasal dari kampung Nazareth Galilea, hari ini di Israel utara. Penganut Judaisme Mesianik dirujuk dalam bahasa Ibrani moden sebagai \u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d3\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05b8\u05e9\u05b4\u05c1\u05d9\u05d7\u05b7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd (Yehudim Meshihi'im- \"Yahudi Mesianik\"). <> Judaisme tidak percaya bahawa Yesus adalah apa? || Mesiah <> Apa kampung yang berasal dari Yesus? || Kampung Galilea <> Di manakah kampung Galilea? || Nazareth <> Di mana terletak Nazareth? || utara Israel <> Siapa yang menerima Yudaisme sebagai Mesias? || <> Apakah istilah untuk orang Kristian di kampung Galilea? || <> Agama mana yang setuju bahawa Yesus adalah Mesias? || <> Agama mana yang tidak menerima Yehudim sebagai Mesias? || <> Agama mana yang tidak menerima Notzri sebagai Mesias? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Judaism does not believe that Jesus is the what?", "id": "56df20e5c65bf219000b3f79", "answers": [{"text": "Messiah", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What village did Jesus come from?", "id": "56df20e5c65bf219000b3f7a", "answers": [{"text": "Galilean village", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Galilean village?", "id": "56df20e5c65bf219000b3f7b", "answers": [{"text": "Nazareth", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Nazareth located?", "id": "56df20e5c65bf219000b3f7c", "answers": [{"text": "northern Israel", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jesus", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "Who does Judaism accept as the Messiah?", "id": "5ad2d8e3d7d075001a42a456", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nazarene", "answer_start": 126}], "question": "What is the term for Christian in the Galilean village?", "id": "5ad2d8e3d7d075001a42a457", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Judaism", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "Which religion agrees that Jesus is the Messiah?", "id": "5ad2d8e3d7d075001a42a458", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Judaism", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "Which religion does not accept Yehudim as the Messiah?", "id": "5ad2d8e3d7d075001a42a459", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Judaism", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "Which religion does not accept Notzri as the Messiah?", "id": "5ad2d8e3d7d075001a42a45a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The identification of Jesus as the Messiah is not accepted by Judaism. The term for a Christian in Hebrew is \u05e0\u05d5\u05bc\u05e6\u05b0\u05e8\u05d9 (Notzri\u2014\"Nazarene\"), a Talmudic term originally derived from the fact that Jesus came from the Galilean village of Nazareth, today in northern Israel. Adherents of Messianic Judaism are referred to in modern Hebrew as \u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d3\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05b8\u05e9\u05b4\u05c1\u05d9\u05d7\u05b7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd (Yehudim Meshihi'im\u2014\"Messianic Jews\")."}], ["Perkataan Cina adalah \u57fa\u7763\u5f92 (pinyin: j\u012bd\u016b t\u00fa), secara literal \"pengikut Kristus.\" Kedua-dua aksara yang sekarang disebut J\u012bd\u016b dalam Bahasa Cina Mandarin, pada mulanya disebut Ki-To di Kantonis sebagai representasi dari Latin \"Cristo\". [Rujukan?] Di Vietnam, dua aksara yang sama membaca C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c, dan \"pengikut Kristian\" t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o. <> Apakah perkataan Cina untuk Kristian? || \u57fa\u7763\u5f92 (pinyin: j\u012bd\u016b t\u00fa) <> Apa maksud \u57fa\u7763\u5f92 (pinyin: j\u012bd\u016b t\u00fa)? || Pengikut Kristus <> Apakah sebutan asli J\u012bd\u016b? || Ki-To dalam Bahasa Kantonis <> Apa yang kedua-dua aksara dibaca dalam bahasa Vietnam? || C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c <> Yang istilah Cina bermaksud pemimpin Kristus? || <> Bahasa Jepun yang manakah bermakna pengikut Kristus? || <> Yang istilah Mandarin bermaksud Kristian? || <> Sekarang diucapkan Ki-To dalam bahasa Mandarin, bagaimanakah watak-watak itu pada awalnya disebut? || <> Sekarang diucapkan Jidu dalam bahasa Kanton, bagaimanakah watak-watak itu semula disebut? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Chinese word for Christian?", "id": "56df6fa456340a1900b29b40", "answers": [{"text": "\u57fa\u7763\u5f92 (pinyin: j\u012bd\u016b t\u00fa)", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does \u57fa\u7763\u5f92 (pinyin: j\u012bd\u016b t\u00fa) mean?", "id": "56df6fa456340a1900b29b41", "answers": [{"text": "Christ follower", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the original pronunciation of J\u012bd\u016b?", "id": "56df6fa456340a1900b29b42", "answers": [{"text": "Ki-To in Cantonese", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the two characters read in Vietnamese? ", "id": "56df6fa456340a1900b29b43", "answers": [{"text": "C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pinyin", "answer_start": 25}], "question": "Which Chinese term means Christ leader?", "id": "5ad2df9cd7d075001a42a5a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pinyin", "answer_start": 25}], "question": "Which Japanese word means Christ follower?", "id": "5ad2df9cd7d075001a42a5a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pinyin", "answer_start": 25}], "question": "Which Mandarin term means Christian?", "id": "5ad2df9cd7d075001a42a5a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "J\u012bd\u016b", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "Now pronounced Ki-To in Mandarin, how were the characters originally pronounced?", "id": "5ad2df9cd7d075001a42a5a9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ki-To", "answer_start": 159}], "question": "Now pronounced Jidu in Cantonese, how were the characters originally pronounced?", "id": "5ad2df9cd7d075001a42a5aa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Chinese word is \u57fa\u7763\u5f92 (pinyin: j\u012bd\u016b t\u00fa), literally \"Christ follower.\" The two characters now pronounced J\u012bd\u016b in Mandarin Chinese, were originally pronounced Ki-To in Cantonese as representation of Latin \"Cristo\".[citation needed] In Vietnam, the same two characters read C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c, and a \"follower of Christianity\" is a t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o."}], ["Di Jepun, istilah kirishitan (ditulis dalam dokumen zaman Edo \u5409\u5229 \u652f \u4e39, \u5207 \u652f \u4e39, dan dalam sejarah Jepun moden sebagai \u30ad \u30ea \u30b7 \u30bf \u30f3), dari Portugis crist\u00e3o, merujuk kepada Roman Katolik pada abad ke-16 dan ke-17 sebelum agama diharamkan oleh Tokugawa shogunate . Hari ini, orang Kristian dirujuk dalam Bahasa Jepun Standard sebagai \u30ad \u30ea \u30b9 \u30c8 \u6559\u5f92, Kirisuto-ky\u014dto atau istilah Inggeris yang berasal dari \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u30c1 \u30e3 \u30f3 kurisuchan. <> Apakah istilah bahasa Jepun digunakan merujuk kepada Katolik Rom? || kirishitan <> Bilakah istilah kirishitan digunakan oleh orang Jepun? || Abad ke-16 dan ke-17 <> Siapa yang mengharamkan Katolik Roman di Jepun? || Tokugawa shogunate <> Bagaimana umat Kristian dirujuk hari ini di Jepun? || Kirisuto-ky\u014dto <> Dengan siapa yang diharamkan oleh Kurisuchan? || <> Bagaimana orang Kristian dirujuk dalam bahasa Inggeris standard hari ini? || <> Yang istilah Jepun berasal dari istilah Portugis Tokugawa? || <> Dari mana istilah Katolik Roma berasal dari kirishitan? || <> Istilah mana yang digunakan untuk merujuk kepada orang Kristian selepas agama diharamkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What Japanese term was used in reference to Roman Catholics?", "id": "56df701456340a1900b29b52", "answers": [{"text": "kirishitan", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the term kirishitan used by the Japanese?", "id": "56df701456340a1900b29b53", "answers": [{"text": "16th and 17th centuries", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who banned Roman Catholicism in Japan?", "id": "56df701456340a1900b29b54", "answers": [{"text": "the Tokugawa shogunate", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are Christians referenced today in Japan?", "id": "56df701456340a1900b29b55", "answers": [{"text": "Kirisuto-ky\u014dto", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tokugawa shogunate", "answer_start": 240}], "question": "By who was Kurisuchan banned?", "id": "5ad2e059d7d075001a42a5c0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u5f92, Kirisuto-ky\u014dto or the English-derived term \u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3 kurisuchan", "answer_start": 318}], "question": "How are Christians referred to in standard English today?", "id": "5ad2e059d7d075001a42a5c1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "kirishitan", "answer_start": 19}], "question": "Which Japanese term was derived from the Portugeuese term Tokugawa?", "id": "5ad2e059d7d075001a42a5c2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "crist\u00e3o", "answer_start": 134}], "question": "From which Roman Catholic term is kirishitan derived from?", "id": "5ad2e059d7d075001a42a5c3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "kirishitan", "answer_start": 19}], "question": "Which term was used to refer to Christians after the religion was banned?", "id": "5ad2e059d7d075001a42a5c4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In Japan, the term kirishitan (written in Edo period documents \u5409\u5229\u652f\u4e39, \u5207\u652f\u4e39, and in modern Japanese histories as \u30ad\u30ea\u30b7\u30bf\u30f3), from Portuguese crist\u00e3o, referred to Roman Catholics in the 16th and 17th centuries before the religion was banned by the Tokugawa shogunate. Today, Christians are referred to in Standard Japanese as \u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u5f92, Kirisuto-ky\u014dto or the English-derived term \u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3 kurisuchan."}], ["Di mana terdapat perbezaan, Nasrani merujuk kepada orang-orang dari budaya Kristian dan Masihi berarti orang-orang yang beriman kepada Yesus. Di sesetengah negara, Nasrani cenderung digunakan secara umum untuk orang asing bukan Islam Barat, mis. \"orang berambut perang.\" <> Istilah mana yang merujuk kepada orang-orang dari budaya Kristian? || Nasrani <> Istilah mana yang menunjukkan orang-orang yang meletakkan iman mereka kepada Yesus? || Masihi <> Apa deskripsi yang digunakan untuk orang Barat yang tidak mengikuti kepercayaan Muslim? || Nasrani <> Walaupun Masihi merujuk kepada orang-orang dari budaya Kristian, apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh Nasrani? || <> Sementara Nasrani berarti orang-orang yang memiliki keimanan keagamaan, apa yang dimaksud dengan Masihi? || <> Bagi siapa Masihi cenderung digunakan lebih generik? || <> Bagaimana sesetengah negara merujuk kepada orang asing Islam? || <> Jenis orang yang dikenali sebagai \"orang agama\"? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which term is in reference to people from a Christian culture?", "id": "56df6a148bc80c19004e4beb", "answers": [{"text": "Nasrani", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which term is indicative of people who place their faith in Jesus?", "id": "56df6a148bc80c19004e4bec", "answers": [{"text": "Masihi", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What description is used for Western people who do not follow the Muslim faith?", "id": "56df6a148bc80c19004e4bed", "answers": [{"text": "Nasrani", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "those with a religious faith in Jesus", "answer_start": 97}], "question": "While Masihi refers to people from a Christian culture, what does Nasrani mean?", "id": "5ad2db23d7d075001a42a4d4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "people from a Christian culture", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "While Nasrani means those with a religious faith, what does Masihi refer to?", "id": "5ad2db23d7d075001a42a4d5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "non-Muslim Western foreigners", "answer_start": 195}], "question": "For whom does Masihi tend to be used more generically?", "id": "5ad2db23d7d075001a42a4d6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "generically", "answer_start": 179}], "question": "How do some countries refer to Muslim foreigners?", "id": "5ad2db23d7d075001a42a4d7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "non-Muslim Western foreigners", "answer_start": 195}], "question": "Which type of people are known as \"religious people\"?", "id": "5ad2db23d7d075001a42a4d8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Where there is a distinction, Nasrani refers to people from a Christian culture and Masihi means those with a religious faith in Jesus. In some countries Nasrani tends to be used generically for non-Muslim Western foreigners, e.g. \"blond people.\""}], ["Satu lagi perkataan Arab yang kadang-kadang digunakan untuk orang Kristian, terutamanya dalam konteks politik, adalah \u1e62al\u012bb\u012b (\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \"Crusader\") dari \u1e63al\u012bb (\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \"cross\") yang merujuk kepada Tentera Salib dan mempunyai konotasi negatif. Walau bagaimanapun, Salibi adalah istilah moden; Secara historis, penulis-penulis Islam menggambarkan tentera salib Kristian Eropah sebagai al-Faranj atau Alfranj (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u062c) dan Firinj\u012byah (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0629) dalam bahasa Arab \"Kata ini berasal dari orang-orang Frank dan dapat dilihat dalam teks sejarah Arab Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh oleh Ali ibn al-Athir <> Apa istilah Arab apabila merujuk kepada orang Kristian dalam pengertian politik? || \u1e62al\u012bb\u012b <> \u1e62al\u012bb\u012b berasal dari perkataan \u1e63al\u012bb, yang bermaksud apa? || cross <> Apa maksud \u1e62al\u012bb\u012b? || Crusader < > Apa istilah Arab untuk Franks terutamanya digunakan dalam konteks politik? || <> Yang istilah Arab merujuk kepada Tentera Salib dengan konotasi positif? || <> Apa istilah Arab untuk orang Kristian boleh diterjemahkan sebagai Firinjiyah? || <> Apakah penulis-penulis Eropah menerangkan Perang Salib umat Islam sebagai? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Arabic term when referring to Christians in a political sense?", "id": "56df6a8d5ca0a614008f99d9", "answers": [{"text": "\u1e62al\u012bb\u012b", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "\u1e62al\u012bb\u012b comes from the word \u1e63al\u012bb, which means what?", "id": "56df6a8d5ca0a614008f99da", "answers": [{"text": "cross", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does \u1e62al\u012bb\u012b mean?", "id": "56df6a8d5ca0a614008f99db", "answers": [{"text": "Crusader", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Alfranj mean?", "id": "56df6a8d5ca0a614008f99dc", "answers": [{"text": "European Christian Crusaders", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u1e62al\u012bb\u012b", "answer_start": 91}], "question": "Which Arabic term for Franks is particularly used in political context?", "id": "5ad2dcaed7d075001a42a53c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u1e63al\u012bb", "answer_start": 122}], "question": "Which Arabic term refers to Crusaders with positive connotations?", "id": "5ad2dcaed7d075001a42a53d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u1e62al\u012bb\u012b", "answer_start": 91}], "question": "What Arabic term for Christians can be translated as Firinjiyah?", "id": "5ad2dcaed7d075001a42a53e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "al-Faranj or Alfranj (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u062c) and Firinj\u012byah (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629) in Arabic", "answer_start": 305}], "question": "What did European writers describe Muslim Crusaders as?", "id": "5ad2dcaed7d075001a42a53f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Another Arabic word sometimes used for Christians, particularly in a political context, is \u1e62al\u012bb\u012b (\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \"Crusader\") from \u1e63al\u012bb (\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \"cross\") which refers to Crusaders and has negative connotations. However, Salibi is a modern term; historically, Muslim writers described European Christian Crusaders as al-Faranj or Alfranj (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u062c) and Firinj\u012byah (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629) in Arabic\" This word comes from the Franks and can be seen in the Arab history text Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh by Ali ibn al-Athir."}], ["Linda Woodhead cuba memberikan benang kepercayaan umum kepada orang Kristian dengan menyatakan bahawa \"Apa pun yang mereka tidak setuju, orang Kristian sekurang-kurangnya bersatu dalam mempercayai bahawa Yesus mempunyai maksud yang unik.\" Ahli falsafah Michael Martin, dalam bukunya The Case Against Christianity, menilai tiga akidah Kristian bersejarah (The Creed of the Apostles, the Creed Nicene and the Creed Athanasian) untuk membentuk satu set anggapan asas yang termasuk kepercayaan teisme, kesuksesan Yesus, Inkarnasi, keselamatan melalui iman kepada Yesus, dan Yesus sebagai peranan etika. <> Siapa menyatakan bahawa orang percaya Kristian setuju bahawa Yesus mempunyai maksud yang unik? || Linda Woodhead <> Siapa yang menulis Kes Terhadap Kekristianan? || Michael Martin <> Berapa banyak kepercayaan Kristian sejarah yang ditulis oleh Martin? || tiga <> Apa yang orang percaya Kristian adalah cara untuk keselamatan? || iman dalam Yesus <> Apa yang dipelajari oleh tiga kepercayaan Martin? || The Creed of the Apostles, the Creed Nicene and the Creed Athanasian <> Menurut Nicene Creed, apa yang dapat orang Kristian bersatu dalam mempercayai? || <> Siapa orang Kristian percaya mempunyai ketiadaan yang unik? || <> Siapa yang menulis Kes Terhadap Creed? || <> Siapakah pengarang The Creed Apostles? || <> Siapakah pengarang The Creed Nicene? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who states that Christian believers agree that Jesus has a unique significance? ", "id": "56df206e3277331400b4d98d", "answers": [{"text": "Linda Woodhead", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote The Case Against Christianity?", "id": "56df206e3277331400b4d98e", "answers": [{"text": "Michael Martin", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many historical Christian creeds did Martin write about?", "id": "56df206e3277331400b4d98f", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do Christians believe is the way to salvation?", "id": "56df206e3277331400b4d990", "answers": [{"text": "faith in Jesus", "answer_start": 526}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the three creeds Martin studied?", "id": "56df206e3277331400b4d991", "answers": [{"text": "the Apostles' Creed, the Nicene Creed and the Athanasian Creed", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jesus has a unique significance", "answer_start": 179}], "question": "According to Nicene Creed, what can Christians be united in believing?", "id": "5ad2d7a9d7d075001a42a434", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jesus", "answer_start": 179}], "question": "Who do Christians believe has a unique insignificance? ", "id": "5ad2d7a9d7d075001a42a435", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Michael Martin", "answer_start": 225}], "question": "Who wrote The Case Against Creed?", "id": "5ad2d7a9d7d075001a42a436", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Michael Martin", "answer_start": 225}], "question": "Who is the author of The Apostles Creed?", "id": "5ad2d7a9d7d075001a42a437", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Michael Martin", "answer_start": 225}], "question": "Who is the author of The Nicene Creed?", "id": "5ad2d7a9d7d075001a42a438", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Linda Woodhead attempts to provide a common belief thread for Christians by noting that \"Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.\" Philosopher Michael Martin, in his book The Case Against Christianity, evaluated three historical Christian creeds (the Apostles' Creed, the Nicene Creed and the Athanasian Creed) to establish a set of basic assumptions which include belief in theism, the historicity of Jesus, the Incarnation, salvation through faith in Jesus, and Jesus as an ethical role model."}], ["Dalam budaya berbahasa Arab, dua perkataan biasa digunakan untuk orang Kristian: Na\u1e63r\u0101n\u012b (\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a), jamak Na\u1e63\u0101r\u0101 (\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0649) secara umumnya difahami berasal dari Nazareth melalui Syriac (Aram); Mas\u012b\u1e25\u012b (\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a) bermaksud pengikut Mesiah. Istilah Nasara meningkat menjadi terkenal pada bulan Julai 2014, selepas Kejatuhan Mosul ke organisasi pengganas Negara Islam Iraq dan Levant. Nun atau \u0646 - surat pertama Nasara - disembur-lukisan pada harta orang Kristian yang dikeluarkan dari kota. <> Apa maksud Mas\u012b\u1e25\u012b? || pengikut Mesias <> Bilakah istilah Nasara digunakan lebih banyak pada zaman moden? || Julai 2014 <> Apa yang berlaku pada bulan Julai 2014? || Kejatuhan Mosul <> Apa semburan yang menyakitkan terhadap sifat-sifat orang Kristian yang meninggalkan kawasan tersebut? || huruf pertama Nasara <> Istilah mana yang bermaksud pengikut Negara Islam Iraq? || <> Dalam bulan 105 mana istilah Nasara meningkat menjadi terkenal? || <> Istilah mana yang meningkat menjadi terkenal selepas biarawati disemburkan pada harta Kristian? || <> Perkataan mana yang biasa digunakan untuk orang Kristian di Sryiac? || <> Bilakah istilah Nasara jatuh dalam ketara? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does Mas\u012b\u1e25\u012b mean?", "id": "56df322e96943c1400a5d2d4", "answers": [{"text": "followers of the Messiah", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the term Nasara become used more in modern times?", "id": "56df322e96943c1400a5d2d5", "answers": [{"text": "July 2014", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened in July 2014?", "id": "56df322e96943c1400a5d2d6", "answers": [{"text": "the Fall of Mosul", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was spray pained on the properties of Christians who left the area?", "id": "56df322e96943c1400a5d2d7", "answers": [{"text": "the first letter of Nasara", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mas\u012b\u1e25\u012b", "answer_start": 195}], "question": "Which term means followers of the Islamic State of Iraq?", "id": "5ad2da59d7d075001a42a49c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "July", "answer_start": 280}], "question": "In which month of 105 did the term Nasara rise to prominence?", "id": "5ad2da59d7d075001a42a49d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nasara", "answer_start": 251}], "question": "Which term rose to prominence after the nun was spraypainted on Christian property?", "id": "5ad2da59d7d075001a42a49e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Na\u1e63r\u0101n\u012b (\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a), plural Na\u1e63\u0101r\u0101", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "Which words are commonly used for Christians in the Sryiac?", "id": "5ad2da59d7d075001a42a49f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "July 2014", "answer_start": 280}], "question": "When did the term Nasara fall in prominence?", "id": "5ad2da59d7d075001a42a4a0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In Arabic-speaking cultures, two words are commonly used for Christians: Na\u1e63r\u0101n\u012b (\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a), plural Na\u1e63\u0101r\u0101 (\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0649) is generally understood to be derived from Nazareth through the Syriac (Aramaic); Mas\u012b\u1e25\u012b (\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a) means followers of the Messiah. The term Nasara rose to prominence in July 2014, after the Fall of Mosul to the terrorist organization Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. The nun or \u0646\u2014 the first letter of Nasara\u2014was spray-painted on the property of Christians ejected from the city."}], ["Orang Kristian telah membuat pelbagai sumbangan dalam bidang yang luas dan pelbagai, termasuk sains, seni, politik, literatur dan perniagaan. Menurut 100 Tahun Hadiah Nobel, kajian semula hadiah Nobel yang dianugerahkan antara 1901 dan 2000 mendedahkan bahawa (65.4%) hadiah Hadiah Nobel mengenal pasti Kristian dalam pelbagai bentuknya sebagai keutamaan agama mereka. <> Apa yang gagal dilakukan oleh orang Kristian mengenai pelbagai bidang? || <> Apakah kajian 1901 tentang hadiah Nobel? || <> Apa yang mendakwa bahawa 50% penerima Hadiah Nobel mengenal pasti sebagai orang Kristian? || <> Dalam tempoh masa apakah kajian ulang tahun Nobel 200 tahun berlaku? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "made a myriad contributions", "answer_start": 16}], "question": "What have Christians failed to do regarding a range of fields?", "id": "5ad2e2d7d7d075001a42a626", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "(65.4%) of Nobel Prizes laureates identified Christianity", "answer_start": 258}], "question": "What did the 1901 review of Nobel prizes claim?", "id": "5ad2e2d7d7d075001a42a627", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "100 Years of Nobel Prizes", "answer_start": 163}], "question": "What claims that 50% of Nobel Prize laureates identify as Christians?", "id": "5ad2e2d7d7d075001a42a628", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1901 and 2000", "answer_start": 231}], "question": "During which time period did the 200 year Nobel Prize review take place?", "id": "5ad2e2d7d7d075001a42a629", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Christians have made a myriad contributions in a broad and diverse range of fields, including the sciences, arts, politics, literatures and business. According to 100 Years of Nobel Prizes, a review of Nobel prizes awarded between 1901 and 2000 reveals that (65.4%) of Nobel Prizes laureates identified Christianity in its various forms as their religious preference."}], ["Orang Kristian telah membuat pelbagai sumbangan dalam bidang yang luas dan pelbagai, termasuk sains, seni, politik, literatur dan perniagaan. Menurut 100 Tahun Hadiah Nobel, kajian semula hadiah Nobel yang dianugerahkan antara 1901 dan 2000 mendedahkan bahawa (65.4%) hadiah Hadiah Nobel mengenal pasti Kristian dalam pelbagai bentuknya sebagai keutamaan agama mereka. <> Dalam bidang mana orang Kristian gagal membuat sumbangan? || <> Berapa banyak hadiah Nobel antara 1901 dan 2000 mengenal pasti sebagai politik? || <> Menurut tinjauan sains, berapa pemenang Hadiah Nobel mengenal pasti sebagai Kristian? || <> Orang Kristian telah memberi sumbangan kepada sains dan seni tetapi bukan subjeknya? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sciences, arts, politics, literatures and business.", "answer_start": 98}], "question": "In which fields have Christians failed to make contributions?", "id": "5ad2cfddd7d075001a42a31c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "65.4%", "answer_start": 259}], "question": "How many Nobel Prize laureates between 1901 and 2000 identify as politics?", "id": "5ad2cfddd7d075001a42a31d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "65.4%", "answer_start": 259}], "question": "According to a review of the sciences, how many Nobel Prize winners identify as Christian?", "id": "5ad2cfddd7d075001a42a31e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "politics, literatures and business", "answer_start": 114}], "question": "Christians have made contributions to science and art but not which subjects?", "id": "5ad2cfddd7d075001a42a31f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Christians have made a myriad contributions in a broad and diverse range of fields, including the sciences, arts, politics, literatures and business. According to 100 Years of Nobel Prizes, a review of Nobel prizes awarded between 1901 and 2000 reveals that (65.4%) of Nobel Prizes laureates identified Christianity in its various forms as their religious preference."}], ["Korea masih menggunakan \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \ub3c4, Kidok-kyo-do untuk \"Kristian\", walaupun bentuk Yunani Kurisudo \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4 kini menggantikan Kidok Sino-Korea kuno, yang merujuk kepada Kristus sendiri. <> Apakah perkataan Korea untuk Kristian? || \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \ub3c4, Kidok-kyo-do <> Yang mana istilah yang dimaksudkan dengan Yesus sendiri? || Sino-Korean Kidok <> Apakah istilah moden untuk Kidok Sino-Korea? || Kurisudo \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4 <> Istilah mana yang merujuk kepada bahasa Yunani sendiri? || <> Bahasa mana yang tidak lagi menggunakan \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \ub3c4, Kidok-kyo-do untuk \"Christian\"? || <> Apakah bentuk Kurisudo Korea? || <> Apa bentuk Kidok-kyo-do Yunani? || <> Istilah mana yang digantikan oleh Kidok Sino-Korea? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Korean word for Christian?", "id": "56df705a5ca0a614008f9a35", "answers": [{"text": "\uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ub3c4, Kidok-kyo-do", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which term referred to Jesus himself?", "id": "56df705a5ca0a614008f9a36", "answers": [{"text": "Sino-Korean Kidok", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the modern term for Sino-Korean Kidok?", "id": "56df705a5ca0a614008f9a37", "answers": [{"text": "Kurisudo \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sino-Korean Kidok", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "Which term refers to Greek himself?", "id": "5ad2e124d7d075001a42a5f8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Korean", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Which language no longer uses \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ub3c4, Kidok-kyo-do for \"Christian\"?", "id": "5ad2e124d7d075001a42a5f9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ub3c4, Kidok-kyo-do", "answer_start": 18}], "question": "What is the Korean form of Kurisudo?", "id": "5ad2e124d7d075001a42a5fa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kurisudo \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4", "answer_start": 76}], "question": "What is the Greek form of Kidok-kyo-do?", "id": "5ad2e124d7d075001a42a5fb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kurisudo \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4", "answer_start": 76}], "question": "Which term has been replaced by Sino-Korean Kidok?", "id": "5ad2e124d7d075001a42a5fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Korean still uses \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ub3c4, Kidok-kyo-do for \"Christian\", though the Greek form Kurisudo \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4 has now replaced the old Sino-Korean Kidok, which refers to Christ himself."}], ["Kekristianan tetap menjadi agama yang dominan di Dunia Barat, di mana 70% adalah orang Kristian. Tinjauan Pusat Penyelidikan Pew 2011 mendapati bahawa 76.2% orang Eropah, 73.3% di Oceania, dan sekitar 86.0% di Amerika (90% di Amerika Latin dan 77.4% di Amerika Utara) menggambarkan diri mereka sebagai orang Kristen. <> Lebih ramai orang tergolong dalam agama apa pun daripada yang lain di dunia Barat? || Kristian <> Di mana Kristian berjuang untuk mengekalkan dominasi? || <> Apa 73.3% orang Eropah menggambarkan diri mereka sebagai? || <> Apa 76.2% orang di Amerika Latin menggambarkan diri mereka sebagai? || <> Apa 77.4% orang di Dunia Barat menggambarkan diri mereka sebagai? || <> Apa 86% orang di Oceania menggambarkan diri mereka sebagai? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "More people belong to what religion than any other in the Western world?", "id": "56df72c056340a1900b29b8c", "answers": [{"text": "Christianity", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Western World", "answer_start": 50}], "question": "Where does Christianity struggle to maintain dominance?", "id": "5ad2e5e6604f3c001a3fd919", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christians", "answer_start": 280}], "question": "What do 73.3% of Europeans describe themselves as?", "id": "5ad2e5e6604f3c001a3fd91a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christians", "answer_start": 280}], "question": "What do 76.2% of people in Latin America describe themselves as?", "id": "5ad2e5e6604f3c001a3fd91b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christians", "answer_start": 280}], "question": "What do 77.4% of people in the Western World describe themselves as?", "id": "5ad2e5e6604f3c001a3fd91c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christians", "answer_start": 280}], "question": "What do 86% of people in Oceania describe themselves as?", "id": "5ad2e5e6604f3c001a3fd91d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Christianity remains the dominant religion in the Western World, where 70% are Christians. A 2011 Pew Research Center survey found that 76.2% of Europeans, 73.3% in Oceania, and about 86.0% in the Americas (90% in Latin America and 77.4% in North America) described themselves as Christians."}], ["Menurut Ilmiah Nobel: Penerima Hadiah Nobel di Amerika Syarikat oleh Harriet Zuckerman, kajian semula hadiah Nobel Amerika yang dianugerahkan antara tahun 1901 dan 1972, 72% hadiah Nobel Amerika mengiktiraf latar belakang Protestan. Keseluruhannya, Protestan telah memenangi sejumlah 84.2% daripada semua Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia, 60% dalam Perubatan, dan 58.6% dalam Fizik yang dianugerahkan kepada rakyat Amerika antara 1901 dan 1972. <> Apa denominasi Kristian mempunyai peratusan tertinggi pemenang Hadiah Nobel antara 1901 dan 1972 di Amerika? || Protestan <> Siapa yang menulis Perubatan Saintifik: Protestan Nobel Amerika? || <> Menurut Fizik, berapa banyak pemenang hadiah nobel Amerika yang dikenal pasti sebagai Protestan? || <> Apakah peratusan hadiah nobel dalam kimia mempunyai protestan yang hilang? || <> Apakah peratusan hadiah nobel dalam Perubatan telah hilang? || <> Berapa peratus hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik telah hilang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What denomination of Christianity had the highest percentage of Nobel Prize winners between 1901 and 1972 in America?", "id": "56df772656340a1900b29bc6", "answers": [{"text": "Protestant", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Harriet Zuckerman", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "Who wrote Scientific Medicine: American Nobel Protestants?", "id": "5ad2e1fed7d075001a42a612", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "72%", "answer_start": 154}], "question": "According to Physics, how many American nobel prize winners identified as Protestant?", "id": "5ad2e1fed7d075001a42a613", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "84.2", "answer_start": 269}], "question": "What percentage of nobel prizes in chemistry have protestants lost?", "id": "5ad2e1fed7d075001a42a614", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "60%", "answer_start": 313}], "question": "What percentage of nobel prizes in Medicine have protestants lost?", "id": "5ad2e1fed7d075001a42a615", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "58.6%", "answer_start": 334}], "question": "What percentage of nobel prizes in Physics have protestants lost?", "id": "5ad2e1fed7d075001a42a616", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United State by Harriet Zuckerman, a review of American Nobel prizes awarded between 1901 and 1972, 72% of American Nobel Prize laureates identified a Protestant background. Overall, Protestants have won a total of 84.2% of all the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, 60% in Medicine, and 58.6% in Physics awarded to Americans between 1901 and 1972."}], ["Pada awal abad ke-21, agama Kristian mempunyai kira-kira 2.4 bilion pengikut. Imannya mewakili kira-kira satu pertiga daripada penduduk dunia dan merupakan agama terbesar di dunia. Orang Kristian telah membentuk kira-kira 33 peratus daripada penduduk dunia selama kira-kira 100 tahun. Denominasi Kristian terbesar adalah Gereja Katolik Roma, dengan 1.17 bilion pengikut, mewakili separuh daripada semua orang Kristian. <> Berapa lamakah orang Kristian membentuk hampir 1/3 penduduk? || 100 tahun <> Yang denominasi Kristian mempunyai kebanyakan ahli? || Gereja Katolik Roma <> Berapa ramai orang hari ini adalah Katolik Rom? || 1.17 bilion <> Sebaik berapa Kristian mempunyai kira-kira 2.4 juta penganut? || <> Agama mana yang paling kecil di dunia? || <> Berapa lamakah orang Kristian membentuk kira-kira 50% penduduk dunia? || <> Yang manakah denominasi Kristian terkecil? || <> Mana denominasi Kristian mana yang mempunyai 1.17 juta pengikut? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How long have Christians made up nearly 1/3rd of the population?", "id": "56df722c56340a1900b29b7a", "answers": [{"text": "100 years", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Christian denomination has the most members?", "id": "56df722c56340a1900b29b7b", "answers": [{"text": "Roman Catholic Church", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people today are Roman Catholics?", "id": "56df722c56340a1900b29b7c", "answers": [{"text": "1.17 billion", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "early 21st century", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "As of when did Christianity have about 2.4 million adherents?", "id": "5ad2e50e604f3c001a3fd8ef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christianity", "answer_start": 30}], "question": "Which religion is the smallest in the world?", "id": "5ad2e50e604f3c001a3fd8f0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "around 100 years", "answer_start": 259}], "question": "For how long have Christians made up about 50% of the world's population?", "id": "5ad2e50e604f3c001a3fd8f1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Roman Catholic Church", "answer_start": 319}], "question": "Which is the smallest Christian denomination?", "id": "5ad2e50e604f3c001a3fd8f2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Roman Catholic Church", "answer_start": 319}], "question": "Which denomination of Christianity has 1.17 million followers?", "id": "5ad2e50e604f3c001a3fd8f3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "As of the early 21st century, Christianity has approximately 2.4 billion adherents. The faith represents about a third of the world's population and is the largest religion in the world. Christians have composed about 33 percent of the world's population for around 100 years. The largest Christian denomination is the Roman Catholic Church, with 1.17 billion adherents, representing half of all Christians."}], ["Menurut Pusat Kajian Penyelidikan Pew 2012 jika trend semasa berlanjut, Kekristianan akan tetap menjadi agama terbesar dunia menjelang tahun 2050. Menjelang 2050, populasi Kristiani dijangka melebihi 3 bilion. Walaupun orang Islam mempunyai purata 3.1 kanak-kanak setiap wanita-kadar tertinggi semua kumpulan keagamaan. Orang Kristian adalah kedua, dengan 2.7 kanak-kanak setiap wanita. Kadar kelahiran yang tinggi dan penukaran dikatakan sebagai alasan untuk pertumbuhan penduduk Kristian. Satu kajian pada tahun 2015 mendapati kira-kira 10.2 juta umat Islam memeluk agama Kristian. Kekristianan berkembang di Afrika, Asia, Amerika Latin, dunia Islam, dan Oceania. <> Agama manakah yang akan mempunyai paling pengikut pada tahun 2050 jika trend berterusan? || Kristian <> Rata-rata, berapakah bilangan anak-anak Kristian? || 2.7 <> Berapa ramai umat Islam yang bertobat agama Kristian mengikut pilihan raya 2015? || 10.2 juta <> Selain penukaran, apa sebab lain yang diberikan untuk trend dalam pengikut Kristian? || Kadar kelahiran yang tinggi <> Dengan tahun mana, apakah agama Kristian tidak lagi menjadi agama terbesar di dunia? || <> Melalui tahun mana akankah Kekristianan tetap menjadi agama terkecil di dunia? || <> Dengan tahun berapa penduduk Islam dijangka mencapai 3 bilion? || <> Orang Kristian mempunyai purata 3.1 kanak-kanak per wanita berbanding dengan Muslim dengan cara lelaki? || <> Apa yang disebut sebagai sebab penurunan populasi Kristian? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which religion will have the most followers by the year 2050 if trends continue?", "id": "56df765f56340a1900b29bac", "answers": [{"text": "Christianity", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On average, how many children do Christians have?", "id": "56df765f56340a1900b29bae", "answers": [{"text": "2.7", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Muslims converted to Christianity according to a 2015 poll?", "id": "56df765f56340a1900b29baf", "answers": [{"text": "10.2 million", "answer_start": 492}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to conversion, what other reason is given for the trend in Christianity's followers?", "id": "56df765f56340a1900b29bb0", "answers": [{"text": "High birth rates", "answer_start": 359}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2050", "answer_start": 136}], "question": "By which year will Christianity no longer be the world's largest religion?", "id": "5ad2e689604f3c001a3fd93f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2050", "answer_start": 136}], "question": "Through which year will Christianity remain the world's smallest religion?", "id": "5ad2e689604f3c001a3fd940", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2050", "answer_start": 145}], "question": "By what year is the Muslim population expected to reach 3 billion?", "id": "5ad2e689604f3c001a3fd941", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2.7 children per woman.", "answer_start": 335}], "question": "Christians have an average of 3.1 children per woman compared to Muslims with how manY?", "id": "5ad2e689604f3c001a3fd942", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "High birth rates and conversion", "answer_start": 359}], "question": "What is cited as reasons for Christian population decline?", "id": "5ad2e689604f3c001a3fd943", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to 2012 Pew Research Center survey if current trends continue, Christianity will remains the world's largest religion by year 2050. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. While Muslims have an average of 3.1 children per woman\u2014the highest rate of all religious groups. Christians are second, with 2.7 children per woman. High birth rates and conversion were cited as the reason for the Christian population growths. A 2015 study found that approximately 10.2 million Muslim converted to Christianity. Christianity is growing in Africa, Asia, Latin America, Muslim world, and Oceania."}], ["Wilayah Eropah Timur moden dan Eurasia Tengah (Rusia, Ukraine dan negara-negara bekas USSR) mempunyai sejarah Kristian dan komuniti Kristian yang panjang di tanahnya. Pada zaman purba, pada abad pertama selepas kelahiran Kristus, ketika wilayah ini dipanggil [oleh siapa?] Scythia - Orang Kristen sudah tinggal di sana. Kemudian rantau ini menyaksikan negeri-negeri pertama mengamalkan agama Kristian secara rasmi - pada mulanya di Armenia (301 M) dan di Georgia (337 M), kemudian di Rusia Besar Perikatan (Kyivan Rus, Rusia: \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435, ca 988 AD). Orang-orang pada masa itu digunakan untuk menunjukkan diri mereka sebagai orang Kristian (hristiane, \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0435) dan Rusia (rusia). Kedua-dua istilah mempunyai konotasi Kristian yang kuat. [Rujukan?] Juga menarik bahawa pada masa ini istilah \"\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0435\" diperolehi maksud \"petani iman Kristian\" dan kemudian \"petani\" (bahagian utama penduduk wilayah), sementara istilah \"kristiane\" mengekalkan makna keagamaannya dan istilah \"\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435\" mula bermakna wakil-wakil negara Rusia yang beragam yang dibentuk berdasarkan iman dan bahasa Kristian yang biasa, [rujukan?] yang sangat mempengaruhi sejarah dan pembangunan rantau ini. Di rantau ini, \"kepercayaan Pravoslav\" (persaudaraan Ortodoks) atau \"iman Rusia\" (zaman dahulu) menjadi hampir dikenali sebagai \"iman Kristian\" asal (hristian\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430). Juga dalam beberapa konteks, istilah \"cossack\" (cossack, orang bebas Kazakh oleh kehendak Tuhan) telah digunakan [oleh siapa?] Untuk menunjukkan \"orang Kristian\" bebas dari padang rumput dan bahasa Rusia. <> Apakah rantau Eropah Timur disebut dalam 1 AD? || Scythia <> Apakah negeri pertama di wilayah ini mengamalkan agama Kristian? || Armenia <> Bilakah Armenia mengamalkan Kristian? || 301 AD <> Bilakah Georgia mengamalkan Kristian? || 337 AD <> Apa yang hampir dikenali sebagai 'iman Kristian' asal? || Kepercayaan Pravoslav <> Negara mana yang membentuk Eropah Barat dan Eurasia Tengah? || <> Bilakah kawasan Eropah Barat dipanggil Scythia? || <> Pada tahun 337 M mana negeri menjadi yang pertama mengadopsi Kekristenan? || <> Georgia menjadi negara pertama yang mengamalkan agama Kristian pada tahun berapa? || <> Istilah mana yang dikenali sebagai makna perwakilan dari negara Kristian heterogen? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the region of Eastern Europe called in 1 AD?", "id": "56df712b56340a1900b29b68", "answers": [{"text": "Scythia", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first state in this region to adopt Christianity? ", "id": "56df712b56340a1900b29b69", "answers": [{"text": "Armenia", "answer_start": 419}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Armenia adopt Christianity?", "id": "56df712b56340a1900b29b6a", "answers": [{"text": "301 AD", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Georgia adopt Christianity? ", "id": "56df712b56340a1900b29b6b", "answers": [{"text": "337 AD", "answer_start": 452}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nearly was known as the original 'Christian faith'?", "id": "56df712b56340a1900b29b6c", "answers": [{"text": "Pravoslav faith", "answer_start": 1219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russia, Ukraine and other countries of the ex-USSR", "answer_start": 57}], "question": "Which countries make up Western Europe and Central Eurasia?", "id": "5ad2e469604f3c001a3fd8d7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ancient times, in the first centuries after the birth of Christ", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "When was the Western Europe region called Scythia?", "id": "5ad2e469604f3c001a3fd8d8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Georgia", "answer_start": 443}], "question": "In 337 AD which state became the first to adopt Christianity?", "id": "5ad2e469604f3c001a3fd8d9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "337 AD", "answer_start": 452}], "question": "Georgia became the first state to adopt Christianity in what year?", "id": "5ad2e469604f3c001a3fd8da", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435", "answer_start": 979}], "question": "Which term came to be known as meaning representatives of the heterogeneous Christian nation?", "id": "5ad2e469604f3c001a3fd8db", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The region of modern Eastern Europe and Central Eurasia (Russia, Ukraine and other countries of the ex-USSR) have a long history of Christianity and Christian communities on its lands. In ancient times, in the first centuries after the birth of Christ, when this region was called[by whom?] Scythia - Christians already lived there. Later the region saw the first states to adopt Christianity officially - initially in Armenia (301 AD) and in Georgia (337 AD), later in the Great Russian Principality (Kyivan Rus, Russian: \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435, ca 988 AD). People of that time used to denote themselves Christians (\u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0435) and Russians (\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435). Both terms had strong Christian connotations.[citation needed] It is also interesting that in time the term \"\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0435\" acquired the meaning \"peasants of Christian faith\" and later \"peasants\" (the main part of the population of the region), while the term \"\u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0435\" retained its religious meaning and the term \"\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435\" began to mean representatives of the heterogeneous Russian nation formed on the basis of common Christian faith and language,[citation needed] which strongly influenced the history and development of the region. In the region the \"Pravoslav faith\" (\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 - Orthodox faith) or \"Russian faith\" (\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430) from earliest times became almost as known as the original \"Christian faith\" (\u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430). Also in some contexts the term \"cossack\" (\u043a\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043a, \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043a - free man by the will of God) was used[by whom?] to denote \"free\" Christians of steppe origin and Russian language."}]], [["Pada tahun 1964, CBS menubuhkan pengedaran UK sendiri dengan pengambilalihan Oriole Records. EMI terus mengedarkan bahan label Epic dan Okeh pada label Columbia di UK sehingga perjanjian pengedaran dengan EMI tamat pada tahun 1968 apabila CBS mengambil alih pengedaran. <> Apa lable yang dibeli oleh CBS di UK? || Rekod Oriole. <> ABC menubuhkannya sendiri pengedaran UK pada tahun berapa? || <> Perjanjian pengedaran dengan CBS tamat tempoh pada tahun apa? || <> ABC mengambil alih pengagihan dalam tahun berapa? || <> Siapa yang terus mengedarkan bahan label Epic dan Oprah? || <> CBS memperolehi Rekod Oakland dalam tahun berapa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What lable was bought by CBS in the UK?", "id": "56df14f73277331400b4d96b", "answers": [{"text": "Oriole Records.", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1964", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "ABC established it own UK distribution in what year?", "id": "5ace2dc432bba1001ae49ccf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1968", "answer_start": 226}], "question": "The distribution deal with CBS expired in what year?", "id": "5ace2dc432bba1001ae49cd0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1968", "answer_start": 226}], "question": "ABC took over distribution in what year?", "id": "5ace2dc432bba1001ae49cd1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "EMI", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "Who continued to distribute Epic and Oprah label material?", "id": "5ace2dc432bba1001ae49cd2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1964", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "CBS acquired Oakland Records in what year?", "id": "5ace2dc432bba1001ae49cd3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1964, CBS established its own UK distribution with the acquisition of Oriole Records. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the distribution deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution."}], ["Dengan syarikat rekod operasi global pada tahun 1965, pengurusan atasan Columbia Broadcasting System mula memikirkan untuk mengubah nama anak syarikat rekod mereka dari Columbia Records ke CBS Records. <> CBS mula memikirkan perubahan nama pada label rekod mereka dalam tahun berapa? || 1965 <> Pada tahun 1955, CBS adalah global apa? || <> Syarikat mahu menukar nama mereka dari CBS Records ke apa? || <> Pengurusan mana yang ingin menukar nama kakitangan mereka? || <> Sistem Penyiaran Columbia Sistem kakitangan rendah mahu menukar apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "CBS began thinking of a name change to their record label in what year?", "id": "56df152ec65bf219000b3f4f", "answers": [{"text": "1965", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "operation", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "In 1955, CBS was a global what?", "id": "5ace2e5e32bba1001ae49ced", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Columbia Records", "answer_start": 178}], "question": "The company wanted to change their name from CBS Records to what?", "id": "5ace2e5e32bba1001ae49cee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Columbia Broadcasting System upper management", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "Which management wanted to change the name of their staff?", "id": "5ace2e5e32bba1001ae49cef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the name of their record company", "answer_start": 129}], "question": "The Columbia Broadcasting System low level staff wanted to change what?", "id": "5ace2e5e32bba1001ae49cf0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "With the record company a global operation in 1965, the Columbia Broadcasting System upper management started pondering changing the name of their record company subsidiary from Columbia Records to CBS Records."}], ["Menjelang tahun 1962, unit Columbia Record Productions mereka mengendalikan empat tumbuh-tumbuhan di seluruh Amerika Syarikat yang terletak di Los Angeles; Terre Haute, Indiana; Bridgeport, Connecticut; dan Pitman, New Jersey, yang menghasilkan rekod untuk bukan sahaja label sendiri Columbia, tetapi juga untuk label rekod bebas. <> Apa 4 bidang negara yang pernah dilakukan oleh Columbia Records? || Los Angeles; Terre Haute, Indiana; Bridgeport, Connecticut; dan Pitman, New Jersey <> Chinese Record Productions telah beroperasi empat tumbuhan mengikut tahun berapa? || <> Syarikat manakah yang mengendalikan lima tumbuh-tumbuhan di seluruh AS? || <> Empat tumbuhan itu terletak di California, Iowa, Connecticut, dan di mana? || <> Menjelang tahun 1972, Columbia Record Productions beroperasi berapa banyak tumbuh-tumbuhan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What 4 areas of the country did Columbia Records have manufacturers in?", "id": "56df14df3277331400b4d969", "answers": [{"text": "Los Angeles; Terre Haute, Indiana; Bridgeport, Connecticut; and Pitman, New Jersey", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1962", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "Chinese Record Productions was operating four plants by what year?", "id": "5ace2d4a32bba1001ae49cb3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Columbia Record Productions", "answer_start": 15}], "question": "Which company was operating five plants around the US?", "id": "5ace2d4a32bba1001ae49cb4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "New Jersey", "answer_start": 182}], "question": "The four plants were located in California, Iowa, Connecticut, and where?", "id": "5ace2d4a32bba1001ae49cb5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "By 1972, Columbia Record Productions was operating how many plants?", "id": "5ace2d4a32bba1001ae49cb6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "By 1962, their Columbia Record Productions unit was operating four plants around the United States located in Los Angeles; Terre Haute, Indiana; Bridgeport, Connecticut; and Pitman, New Jersey, which manufactured records for not only Columbia's own labels, but also for independent record labels."}], ["Juga pada akhir tahun 1965, label anak syarikat Tarikh telah dihidupkan semula. Label ini mengeluarkan rentetan hits pertama untuk Peaches & Herb dan menjaringkan beberapa hits kecil dari pelbagai artis lain. Kejayaan terbesar pada tarikh adalah \"Time of the Season\" oleh Zombies, yang memuncak di # 2 pada tahun 1969. Label itu dihentikan pada tahun 1970. <> Date Records menimbulkan kumpulan \"Peaches and Herb\" dalam tahun berapa? || 1965 <> Rekod Tarikh mengeluarkan apa kejayaan besar pada tahun 1969? || \"Masa Musim\" oleh Zombies <> Apa tempat di carta melakukan kejayaan besar Kejayaan Date Records? || # 2 <> Walaupun kejayaan, apa Tahun Rekod Date berhenti wujud? || 1970 <> Label anak syarikat Tarikh tamat tempoh tahun? || <> Kejayaan terbesar pada hari ini ialah \"Hidupkan Musim\" oleh kumpulan apa? || <> \"Masa Musim\" memuncak pada # 1 dalam tahun berapa? || <> Pada tahun 1970, label mana yang dihidupkan kembali? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Date Records gave rise to the group \"Peaches and Herb\" in what year?", "id": "56df15ca3277331400b4d96d", "answers": [{"text": "1965", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Date Records released what major success in 1969?", "id": "56df15ca3277331400b4d96e", "answers": [{"text": "\"Time of the Season\" by the Zombies", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What place on the charts did Date Records' big success land on?", "id": "56df15ca3277331400b4d96f", "answers": [{"text": "#2", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Despite the success, in what year did Date Records cease to exist?", "id": "56df15ca3277331400b4d970", "answers": [{"text": "1970", "answer_start": 295}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1965", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "The Date subsidiary label expired in what year?", "id": "5ace2f7232bba1001ae49d25", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Zombies", "answer_start": 229}], "question": "Date's biggest success was \"Turn of the Season\" by what group?", "id": "5ace2f7232bba1001ae49d26", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1969", "answer_start": 259}], "question": "\"Time of the Season\" peaked at #1 in what year?", "id": "5ace2f7232bba1001ae49d27", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Date subsidiary label", "answer_start": 19}], "question": "In 1970, which label was revived?", "id": "5ace2f7232bba1001ae49d28", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Also in late 1965, the Date subsidiary label was revived. This label released the first string of hits for Peaches & Herb and scored a few minor hits from various other artists. Date's biggest success was \"Time of the Season\" by the Zombies, peaking at #2 in 1969. The label was discontinued in 1970."}], ["Pada tahun 1929, ARC diasaskan melalui penggabungan beberapa syarikat rekod yang lebih kecil, yang pada akhirnya berubah menjadi satu perusahaan yang dikenali sebagai SME. Di kedalaman Kemelesetan Besar, Columbia Phonograph Company (ditubuhkan pada tahun 1888) di A.S. (termasuk anak syarikat Okeh Records) yang diperoleh oleh ARC pada tahun 1934. <> Pada tahun apakah bentuk ARC? || 1929 <> Pada tahun apakah bentuk Syarikat Fonografi Columbia? || 1888 <> Dalam tahun apakah ARC mengambil alih Syarikat Phonography Columbia? || 1934 <> ABC ditubuhkan melalui penggabungan dalam tahun berapa? || <> Syarikat Columbia Phonograph di China telah dibeli oleh ARC dalam tahun berapa? || <> Syarikat Fotografi Columbia ditubuhkan pada tahun berapa? || <> ARC diasaskan melalui penggabungan yang lebih besar apa? || <> Okeh Records mempunyai siapa sebagai anak syarikat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did ARC form?", "id": "56df12bcc65bf219000b3f2b", "answers": [{"text": "1929", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Columbia Phonography Company form?", "id": "56df12bcc65bf219000b3f2c", "answers": [{"text": "1888", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did ARC take over Columbia Phonography Company?", "id": "56df12bcc65bf219000b3f2d", "answers": [{"text": "1934", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1929", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "ABC was founded through a merger in what year?", "id": "5ace2a3232bba1001ae49c47", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1934", "answer_start": 308}], "question": "The Columbia Phonograph Company in China was acquired by ARC in what year?", "id": "5ace2a3232bba1001ae49c48", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1888", "answer_start": 227}], "question": "The Columbia Photography Company was founded in what year?", "id": "5ace2a3232bba1001ae49c49", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "record companies", "answer_start": 61}], "question": "ARC was founded through a merger of several larger what?", "id": "5ace2a3232bba1001ae49c4a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Columbia Phonograph Company", "answer_start": 183}], "question": "Okeh Records had whom as a subsidiary?", "id": "5ace2a3232bba1001ae49c4b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1929, ARC was founded through a merger of several smaller record companies, which, ultimately, transformed into one enterprise known as SME. In the depths of the Great Depression, the Columbia Phonograph Company (founded in 1888) in the U.S. (including its Okeh Records subsidiary) was acquired by ARC in 1934."}], ["Pada tahun 1960, Columbia / CBS memulakan rundingan dengan pengedar antarabangsa utama Philips Records dengan matlamat CBS yang memulakan syarikat rekod globalnya sendiri. Pengambilalihan Mercury Records di Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 1961 membuka jalan untuk ini. CBS hanya mempunyai hak untuk nama Columbia di Amerika Utara; oleh itu lengan antarabangsa yang ditubuhkan pada tahun 1961 dan dilancarkan pada tahun 1962 hanya menggunakan nama \"CBS Records\", dengan rekod Philips yang mengedarkan label di Eropah. Syarikat rekod Mexico CBS, Discos Columbia, telah dinamakan semula sebagai Discos CBS pada tahun 1963. <> Pada tahun apakah Mercury Records (US) dibeli? || 1961 <> Siapa yang memperoleh Rekod Merkuri (AS)? || Rekod Philips <> Apakah nama label rekod Mexico CBS? || Discos CBS <> Columbia / ABC memulakan rundingan dengan Philips Records dalam tahun berapa? || <> Syarikat mana yang ingin memulakan syarikat rekod tempatan sendiri? || <> Mercury Records memperoleh Philips di AS dalam tahun berapa? || <> Philips Records mengedarkan muzik di kawasan apa? || <> Syarikat rekod CBS Cina dipanggil Discos apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was Mercury Records (US) bought out?", "id": "56df149d3277331400b4d963", "answers": [{"text": "1961", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who acquired Mercury Records (US)?", "id": "56df149d3277331400b4d964", "answers": [{"text": "Philips Records", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of CBS' Mexican record label?", "id": "56df149d3277331400b4d965", "answers": [{"text": "Discos CBS", "answer_start": 524}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1960", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "Columbia/ABC began negotiations with Philips Records in what year?", "id": "5ace2c7832bba1001ae49c95", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CBS", "answer_start": 114}], "question": "Which company wanted to start its own local record company?", "id": "5ace2c7832bba1001ae49c96", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1961", "answer_start": 211}], "question": "Mercury Records acquired Philips in the US in what year?", "id": "5ace2c7832bba1001ae49c97", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 457}], "question": "Philips Records distributed the music in what area?", "id": "5ace2c7832bba1001ae49c98", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Columbia", "answer_start": 502}], "question": "CBS's Chinese record company was called Discos what?", "id": "5ace2c7832bba1001ae49c99", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1960, Columbia/CBS began negotiations with its main international distributor Philips Records with the goal of CBS starting its own global record company. Philips' acquisition of Mercury Records in the US in 1961 paved the way for this. CBS only had the rights to the Columbia name in North America; therefore the international arm founded in 1961 and launched in 1962 utilized the \"CBS Records\" name only, with Philips Records distributing the label in Europe. CBS's Mexican record company, Discos Columbia, was renamed Discos CBS by 1963."}], ["Columbia mengasaskan Rekod Epic pada tahun 1953. Pada tahun 1956, Conkling meninggalkan Columbia, beliau akan membantu menubuhkan Akademi Seni Rupa dan Sains Kebangsaan sebelum akhirnya menjadi presiden pertama Warner Bros Records yang baru dilancarkan, dan Goddard Lieberson memulakan pertama dari dua stint sebagai ketua syarikat rekod. Pada tahun 1958, Columbia mengasaskan label lain, Date Records, yang pada mulanya mengeluarkan muzik rockabilly. <> Dalam tahun apakah Rekod Epik dicipta? || 1953 <> Apa syarikat telah mencipta Rekod Epik? || Columbia <> Siapakah salah seorang pencipta Akademi Seni Rupa dan Sains Kebangsaan? || Conkling <> Apa pendapat Conkling kemudian memimpin? || Warner Bros. Records <> Apa jenis muzik yang dikenali sebagai Date Records? || rockabilly <> Epic Records mengasaskan Columbia pada tahun berapa? || <> Lieberson membantu menubuhkan Akademi Kebangsaan? || <> Columbia mendirikan Rekod Berani dalam tahun berapa? || <> Rekod Berani pada mulanya mengeluarkan jenis muzik apa? || <> Lieberson meninggalkan Columbia dalam tahun berapa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was Epic Records created?", "id": "56df13fdc65bf219000b3f3f", "answers": [{"text": "1953", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company created Epic Records?", "id": "56df13fdc65bf219000b3f40", "answers": [{"text": "Columbia", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was one of the creators of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences?", "id": "56df13fdc65bf219000b3f41", "answers": [{"text": "Conkling", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Conkling later go on to lead?", "id": "56df13fdc65bf219000b3f42", "answers": [{"text": "Warner Bros. Records", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of music was Date Records known for?", "id": "56df13fdc65bf219000b3f43", "answers": [{"text": "rockabilly", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1953", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "Epic Records founded Columbia in what year?", "id": "5ace2bc932bba1001ae49c81", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Recording Arts and Sciences", "answer_start": 120}], "question": "Lieberson helped establish the National Academy of what?", "id": "5ace2bc932bba1001ae49c82", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1958", "answer_start": 325}], "question": "Columbia founded Daring Records in what year?", "id": "5ace2bc932bba1001ae49c83", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "rockabilly", "answer_start": 400}], "question": "Daring Records initially issued what kind of music?", "id": "5ace2bc932bba1001ae49c84", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1956", "answer_start": 42}], "question": "Lieberson left Columbia in what year?", "id": "5ace2bc932bba1001ae49c85", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Columbia founded Epic Records in 1953. In 1956, Conkling left Columbia, he would help establish the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences before eventually becoming the first president of the newly launched Warner Bros. Records, and Goddard Lieberson began the first of two stints as head of the record company. In 1958, Columbia founded another label, Date Records, which initially issued rockabilly music."}], ["Sony Music Entertainment Inc. (kadang-kadang dikenali sebagai Sony Music atau inisial, SME) adalah sebuah syarikat muzik Amerika yang diuruskan dan dikendalikan oleh Sony Corporation of America (SCA), anak syarikat konglomerat Jepun Sony Corporation. Pada tahun 1929, syarikat itu mula-mula diasaskan sebagai American Record Corporation (ARC) dan, pada tahun 1938, telah dinamakan Columbia Recording Corporation, berikutan pengambilalihan ARC oleh CBS. Pada tahun 1966, syarikat itu telah disusun semula untuk menjadi CBS Records. Pada tahun 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan membeli syarikat itu, dan pada tahun 1991 namanya telah menamakan semula SME. Ia adalah syarikat muzik rekod kedua terbesar di dunia, selepas Universal Music Group. <> Apakah nama pertama Sony Music Entertainment, Inc? || American Record Corporation <> Dalam tahun apakah ia dinamakan Columbia Recording Corporation? || 1938 <> Pada tahun apakah ia dikenali sebagai CBS Records? || 1966 <> Pada tahun apakah ia mendapat nama, Sony Music Entertainment? || 1987 <> Apa syarikat yang satu-satunya kumpulan yang lebih besar daripada Sony Music Entertainment? || Universal Music Group. <> Siapa konglomerat Cina yang memiliki SCA? || <> Syarikat Rakaman Amerika (ARC) diasaskan pada tahun berapa? || <> Rekod ABC ditubuhkan pada tahun berapa? || <> Sony Corporation of China membeli Rekod CBS dalam tahun berapa? || <> PKS adalah yang ketiga terbesar di dunia mencatatkan apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the first name of Sony Music Entertainment, Inc?", "id": "56df11de3277331400b4d933", "answers": [{"text": "American Record Corporation", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was it renamed Columbia Recording Corporation?", "id": "56df11de3277331400b4d934", "answers": [{"text": "1938", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was it known as CBS Records?", "id": "56df11de3277331400b4d935", "answers": [{"text": "1966", "answer_start": 410}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did it land the name, Sony Music Entertainment?", "id": "56df11de3277331400b4d936", "answers": [{"text": "1987", "answer_start": 470}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company is the only group larger than Sony Music Entertainment?", "id": "56df11de3277331400b4d937", "answers": [{"text": "Universal Music Group.", "answer_start": 614}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sony Corporation", "answer_start": 216}], "question": "Who is the Chinese conglomerate who owns SCA?", "id": "5ace27d732bba1001ae49bdd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1929", "answer_start": 237}], "question": "The American Recording Company (ARC) was founded in what year?", "id": "5ace27d732bba1001ae49bde", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1966", "answer_start": 410}], "question": "ABC Records was established in what year?", "id": "5ace27d732bba1001ae49bdf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1987", "answer_start": 470}], "question": "Sony Corporation of China bought CBS Records in what year?", "id": "5ace27d732bba1001ae49be0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "music company", "answer_start": 593}], "question": "SME is the world's third largest recorded what?", "id": "5ace27d732bba1001ae49be1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Sony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group."}], ["Pada tahun 2004, SME dan Bertelsmann Music Group bergabung sebagai Sony BMG Music Entertainment. Apabila Sony memperoleh separuh konglomerat BMG pada tahun 2008, Sony BMG kembali kepada nama SME. Pembelian tersebut membawa kepada pembubaran BMG, yang kemudian dilancarkan semula sebagai Pengurusan Hak BMG. Daripada syarikat rekod \"Big Three\", dengan Universal Music Group menjadi yang terbesar dan Warner Music Group, SME bersaiz sederhana. <> Dalam tahun apakah SME bergabung dengan syarikat lain? || 2004 <> Apa nama syarikat lain yang digabungkan oleh PKS? || Bertelsmann Music Group <> Apa yang syarikat memanggil diri mereka selepas penggabungan? || Sony BMG Music Entertainment <> Dalam tahun apakah Sony Music Entertainment BMG kembali dipanggil SME? || 2008 <> Pada tahun 2014, SME dan Bertelsmann Music Group bergabung sebagai apa? || <> Pada tahun 2018, Sony BMG kembali kepada nama apa? || <> Pembelian 2008 membawa kepada pembubaran PKS, yang dilancarkan semula sebagai apa? || <> Brickman Music Group bergabung dengan SME dalam tahun berapa? || <> BMG Music Rights dilancarkan semula pada tahun berapa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did SME merge with another company?", "id": "56df12643277331400b4d947", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the other company that SME merged with?", "id": "56df12643277331400b4d948", "answers": [{"text": "Bertelsmann Music Group", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the company call themselves after the  merger?", "id": "56df12643277331400b4d949", "answers": [{"text": "Sony BMG Music Entertainment", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Sony BMG Music Entertainment go back to being called SME?", "id": "56df12643277331400b4d94a", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sony BMG Music Entertainment", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "In 2014, SME and Bertelsmann Music Group merged as what?", "id": "5ace295332bba1001ae49c2b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "SME", "answer_start": 165}], "question": "In 2018, Sony BMG reverted to what name?", "id": "5ace295332bba1001ae49c2c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BMG Rights Management", "answer_start": 242}], "question": "The 2008 buyout led to the dissolution of SME, which relaunched as what?", "id": "5ace295332bba1001ae49c2d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "Brickman Music Group merged with SME in what year?", "id": "5ace295332bba1001ae49c2e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 134}], "question": "BMG Rights Music was relaunched in what year?", "id": "5ace295332bba1001ae49c2f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2004, SME and Bertelsmann Music Group merged as Sony BMG Music Entertainment. When Sony acquired BMG's half of the conglomerate in 2008, Sony BMG reverted to the SME name. The buyout led to the dissolution of BMG, which then relaunched as BMG Rights Management. Out of the \"Big Three\" record companies, with Universal Music Group being the largest and Warner Music Group, SME is middle-sized."}], ["ARC diperoleh pada tahun 1938 oleh Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS, yang pada gilirannya telah dibentuk oleh Columbia Phonograph Company, tetapi kemudian dijual). ARC ditukar nama kepada Columbia Recording Corporation. Syarikat Columbia Phonograph mempunyai anak-anak syarikat dan afiliasi antarabangsa seperti Columbia Graphophone Company di United Kingdom, tetapi mereka dijual sebelum CBS memperoleh American Columbia. Eksekutif RCA Victor Records Ted Wallerstein yakin CBS mengetuai William S. Paley untuk membeli ARC dan Paley membuat kepala Wallerstein daripada syarikat rekod yang baru diperoleh. Syarikat berganti nama menjadikan Columbia sebagai perdana labelnya dengan Okeh label anak syarikatnya sambil menghina label lain ARC. Ini membenarkan label ARC yang dipajak oleh Brunswick Records dan Rekod Vokal untuk kembali kepada bekas pemilik Warner Bros yang menjual label tersebut kepada Decca Records. Columbia menyimpan katalog Brunswick yang direkodkan dari Disember 1931 dan seterusnya yang dikeluarkan semula pada label Columbia serta bahan label Vokalion dari tempoh masa yang sama yang diterbitkan semula pada label Okeh. Wallerstein, yang dinaikkan pangkat pada akhir tahun 1947 dari presiden kepada ketua syarikat rakaman itu, memulihkan status Columbia sebagai syarikat rekod terkemuka dan menerajui kejayaan pengenalan rekod permainan lama (LP) sebelum dia bersara sebagai pengerusi Columbia pada tahun 1951. James Conkling kemudian menjadi ketua Columbia Records. Juga pada tahun 1951, Columbia memutuskan perhubungan dengan label rekod milik EMI dengan nama yang sama dan memulakan perjanjian pengedaran UK dengan Philips Records, sedangkan Okeh Records terus diedarkan oleh EMI pada label Columbia. <> Siapa yang membeli ARC? || Sistem Penyiaran Columbia <> Dalam tahun berapa dibeli ARC? || 1938 <> Apa yang dipanggil CBS ARC selepas membelinya? || Columbia Recording Corporation <> Siapa ketua CBS pada masa itu? || William S. Paley <> Siapa yang meyakinkan Paley untuk membeli ARC? || Eksekutif RCA Victor Records Ted Wallerstein <> ABC dibeli oleh Sistem Penyiaran Columbia dalam tahun berapa? || <> Syarikat Phonograph Colombia mempunyai anak syarikat tempatan dan apa? || <> Eksekutif CBS Records Ted Wallerstein yakin siapa yang hendak membeli ARC? || <> ARC menyimpan katalog Brunswick yang direkod dari tarikh apa? || <> Ted Wallerstein menjadi ketua Columbia apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who bought out ARC?", "id": "56df1372c65bf219000b3f31", "answers": [{"text": "Columbia Broadcasting System", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was ARC bought?", "id": "56df1372c65bf219000b3f32", "answers": [{"text": "1938", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did CBS call ARC after buying it?", "id": "56df1372c65bf219000b3f33", "answers": [{"text": "Columbia Recording Corporation", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the head of CBS at the time?", "id": "56df1372c65bf219000b3f34", "answers": [{"text": "William S. Paley", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who convinced Paley to buy ARC?", "id": "56df1372c65bf219000b3f35", "answers": [{"text": "RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein", "answer_start": 410}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1938", "answer_start": 20}], "question": "ABC was acquired by the Columbia Broadcasting System in what year?", "id": "5ace2b2d32bba1001ae49c65", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "affiliates", "answer_start": 270}], "question": "The Colombia Phonograph Company had local subsidiaries and what?", "id": "5ace2b2d32bba1001ae49c66", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CBS head William S. Paley", "answer_start": 465}], "question": "CBS Records executive Ted Wallerstein convinced whom to buy ARC?", "id": "5ace2b2d32bba1001ae49c67", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December 1931", "answer_start": 899}], "question": "ARC kept the Brunswick catalogue recorded from what date?", "id": "5ace2b2d32bba1001ae49c68", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Records", "answer_start": 1388}], "question": "Ted Wallerstein became the head of Columbia what?", "id": "5ace2b2d32bba1001ae49c69", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "ARC was acquired in 1938 by the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS, which, in turn, had been formed by the Columbia Phonograph Company, but then sold off). ARC was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation. The Columbia Phonograph Company had international subsidiaries and affiliates such as the Columbia Graphophone Company in the United Kingdom, but they were sold off prior to CBS acquiring American Columbia. RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein convinced CBS head William S. Paley to buy ARC and Paley made Wallerstein head of the newly acquired record company. The renamed company made Columbia its flagship label with Okeh its subsidiary label while deemphasizing ARC's other labels. This allowed ARC's leased labels Brunswick Records and Vocalion Records to revert to former owner Warner Bros. which sold the labels to Decca Records. Columbia kept the Brunswick catalogue recorded from December 1931 onward which was reissued on the Columbia label as well as the Vocalion label material from the same time period which was reissued on the Okeh label. Wallerstein, who was promoted at the end of 1947 from president to chairman of the record company, restored Columbia's status as a leading record company and spearheaded the successful introduction of the long playing (LP) record before he retired as Columbia's chairman in 1951. James Conkling then became head of Columbia Records. Also in 1951, Columbia severed its ties with the EMI-owned record label of the same name and began a UK distribution deal with Philips Records, whereas Okeh Records continued to be distributed by EMI on the Columbia label."}], ["Pada bulan Mac 2012, Sony Music dilaporkan menutup pejabat Filipina kerana cetak rompak, yang menyebabkan pengedaran PKS di Filipina ke Ivory Music. <> Dalam tahun apakah Sony menutup pejabat mereka di Filipina? || 2012 <> Sony Music menutup pejabat Jepunnya dalam tahun berapa? || <> Pejabat di mana negara ditutup kerana sakit? || <> Pada tahun 2014, Sony Music menutup pejabat mana? || <> Pengedaran berpindah dari Ivory Music ke SME di negara apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Sony shut down their offices in the Philippines?", "id": "56df2093c65bf219000b3f73", "answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "Sony Music closed its Japan office in what year?", "id": "5ace3fcc32bba1001ae4a073", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Philippines", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "The office in which country closed due to illness?", "id": "5ace3fcc32bba1001ae4a074", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "its Philippines office", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "In 2014, Sony Music closed which office?", "id": "5ace3fcc32bba1001ae4a075", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Philippines", "answer_start": 121}], "question": "The distribution moved from Ivory Music to SME in what country?", "id": "5ace3fcc32bba1001ae4a076", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In March 2012, Sony Music reportedly closed its Philippines office due to piracy, causing to move distribution of SME in the Philippines to Ivory Music."}], ["Pada tahun 1966, CBS menyusun semula struktur korporatnya dengan Leiberson dipromosikan untuk mengetuai \"CBS-Columbia Group\" yang baru yang menjadikannya nama syarikat CBS Records yang menjadi unit berasingan kumpulan baru ini yang dikendalikan oleh Clive Davis. <> Siapa yang menjalankan Kumpulan CBS-Columbia bermula pada tahun 1966? || Leiberson <> Pada tahun 1966, ABC menyusun semula apa? || <> Leiberson dipromosikan kepada setiausaha untuk kumpulan apa? || <> Kumpulan \"ABC-Columbia\" baru yang mempunyai kepalanya? || <> Davis Clive berlari unit mana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who ran CBS-Columbia Group starting in 1966?", "id": "56df163f3277331400b4d975", "answers": [{"text": "Leiberson", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "its corporate structure", "answer_start": 25}], "question": "In 1966, ABC reorganized what?", "id": "5ace304032bba1001ae49d3f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the new \"CBS-Columbia Group\"", "answer_start": 81}], "question": "Leiberson was promoted to secretary for what group?", "id": "5ace304032bba1001ae49d40", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Leiberson", "answer_start": 54}], "question": "The new \"ABC-Columbia Group\" had whom as its head?", "id": "5ace304032bba1001ae49d41", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the now renamed CBS Records", "answer_start": 121}], "question": "Davis Clive ran which unit?", "id": "5ace304032bba1001ae49d42", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1966, CBS reorganized its corporate structure with Leiberson promoted to head the new \"CBS-Columbia Group\" which made the now renamed CBS Records company a separate unit of this new group run by Clive Davis."}], ["Sepanjang dua tahun yang lalu, [penjelasan diperlukan] berpuluh-puluh pemegang hak, termasuk Sony Music, telah menghantar aduan mengenai Wikipedia.org secara langsung kepada Google untuk menghilangkan kandungan. <> Apa gergasi syarikat enjin carian yang telah menghantar permintaan Sony mengenai kandungan di laman web? || Google <> Apa laman web yang Sony mempunyai aduan terhadap? || Wikipedia.org <> Beribu-ribu pemegang hak telah menghantar aduan kepada siapa? || <> Pemegang hak telah mengeluh tentang Google ke organisasi mana? || <> Selama dua puluh tahun yang lalu, pemegang hak telah mengeluh kepada siapa? || <> Mengapa pemegang hak mengadu kepada Wikipedi.org? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What search engine company giant has Sony sent requests to regarding content on a website?", "id": "56df1fcec65bf219000b3f6f", "answers": [{"text": "Google", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What website does Sony have complaints against?", "id": "56df1fcec65bf219000b3f70", "answers": [{"text": "Wikipedia.org", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Google", "answer_start": 148}], "question": "Thousands of rights-holders have sent complaints to whom?", "id": "5ace424c32bba1001ae4a0dd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wikipedia.org", "answer_start": 122}], "question": "Rights-holders have complained about Google to which organization?", "id": "5ace424c32bba1001ae4a0de", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Google", "answer_start": 148}], "question": "Over the past twenty years, rights-holders have complained to whom?", "id": "5ace424c32bba1001ae4a0df", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to have content removed", "answer_start": 155}], "question": "Why did rights-holders complain to Wikipedi.org?", "id": "5ace424c32bba1001ae4a0e0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Over the past two years,[clarification needed] dozens of rights-holders, including Sony Music, have sent complaints about Wikipedia.org directly to Google to have content removed."}], ["Pada bulan Februari 2016, lebih seratus ribu orang menandatangani petisyen dalam hanya dua puluh empat jam, menyeru untuk memboikot Sony Music dan semua perniagaan Sony yang bergabung selepas tuduhan rogol terhadap pengeluar muzik Dr. Luke yang dibuat oleh artis muzik Kesha. Kesha meminta Mahkamah Agung New York City membebaskannya daripada kontraknya dengan Sony Music tetapi mahkamah menafikan permintaan tersebut, yang menyebabkan respons awam dan media yang meluas. <> Berapa banyak orang yang menandatangani petisyen untuk memboikot Sony Music pada tahun 2016? || lebih dari seratus ribu <Lebih dari sejuta orang menandatangani petisi dalam berapa jam? || <> Pada bulan Februari 2006, berapa orang yang menandatangani petisyen yang memanggil boikot Sony Music? || <> Tuduhan merogol dibuat terhadap penerbit muzik Kesha terhadap artis? || <> Kesha meminta Mahkamah Agung California untuk melakukan apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people signed a petition to boycott Sony Music in 2016?", "id": "56df1e8dc65bf219000b3f65", "answers": [{"text": "over a hundred thousand", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "twenty-four", "answer_start": 75}], "question": "Over a million people signed a petition in how many hours?", "id": "5ace42e332bba1001ae4a103", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "over a hundred thousand", "answer_start": 18}], "question": "In February 2006, how many people signed a petition calling for a boycott of Sony Music?", "id": "5ace42e332bba1001ae4a104", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Dr. Luke", "answer_start": 217}], "question": "Rape allegations were made against music producer Kesha against artist?", "id": "5ace42e332bba1001ae4a105", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "free her from her contract with Sony Music", "answer_start": 306}], "question": "Kesha asked a California Supreme Court to do what?", "id": "5ace42e332bba1001ae4a106", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In February 2016, over a hundred thousand people signed a petition in just twenty-four hours, calling for a boycott of Sony Music and all other Sony-affiliated businesses after rape allegations against music producer Dr. Luke were made by musical artist Kesha. Kesha asked a New York City Supreme Court to free her from her contract with Sony Music but the court denied the request, prompting widespread public and media response. "}], ["Pada bulan Julai 2013, Sony Music menarik diri dari pasaran Greek akibat krisis ekonomi. Album yang dikeluarkan oleh Sony Music di Greece dari artis tempatan dan asing dibawa oleh Feelgood Records. <> Dalam tahun apakah Sony mengeluarkan pasaran Yunani? || 2013 <> Apa label untuk pasaran Yunani adalah artis di bawah payung Sony? || Feelgood Records <> Sony menarik diri dari pasaran China dalam tahun berapa? || <> Krisis politik menyebabkan Sony menarik diri daripada pasaran apa? || <> Rekod Penebusan membawa artis yang dikeluarkan oleh siapa? || <> Album yang dikeluarkan oleh Sony Music di China dibawa oleh siapa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Sony pull out of the Greek market?", "id": "56df20353277331400b4d987", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What label for the Greek market were artists on under the Sony umbrella?", "id": "56df20353277331400b4d989", "answers": [{"text": "Feelgood Records", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 8}], "question": "Sony withdrew from the China market in what year? ", "id": "5ace405632bba1001ae4a08d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Greek market", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "A political crisis caused Sony to withdraw from what market?", "id": "5ace405632bba1001ae4a08e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sony Music in Greece from domestic and foreign artists", "answer_start": 102}], "question": "Felling Records carries artists released by whom?", "id": "5ace405632bba1001ae4a08f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Feelgood Records", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "Albums released by Sony Music in China are carried by whom?", "id": "5ace405632bba1001ae4a090", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In July 2013, Sony Music withdrew from the Greek market due to an economic crisis. Albums released by Sony Music in Greece from domestic and foreign artists are carried by Feelgood Records."}], ["Pada tahun 1986, CBS menjual litar penerbitan muziknya, CBS Songs, kepada Stephen Swid, Martin Bandier, dan Charles Koppelman untuk $ 125 juta menjadikannya asas kepada SBK Entertainment mereka. <> Dalam tahun berapakah CBS menjual Lagu CBS? || 1986 <> Berapakah jualan lagu CBS? || $ 125 juta <> Siapa 3 orang yang membeli Lagu CBS? || Stephen Swid, Martin Bandier, dan Charles Koppelman <> Pada tahun 1996, CBS menjual apa? || <> ABC Songs dijual kepada siapa? || <> Apa lengan penerbitan dijual seharga $ 155 juta? || <> SAK Entertainment memperoleh lombong penerbitan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did CBS sell CBS Songs?", "id": "56df226bc65bf219000b3f8d", "answers": [{"text": "1986", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much was the sale of CBS Songs?", "id": "56df226bc65bf219000b3f8e", "answers": [{"text": "$125 million", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were the 3 people who bought CBS Songs?", "id": "56df226bc65bf219000b3f90", "answers": [{"text": "Stephen Swid, Martin Bandier, and Charles Koppelman", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "its music publishing arm", "answer_start": 18}], "question": "In 1996, CBS sold what?", "id": "5ace33db32bba1001ae49df7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Stephen Swid, Martin Bandier, and Charles Koppelman", "answer_start": 58}], "question": "ABC Songs was sold to whom?", "id": "5ace33db32bba1001ae49df8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CBS Songs", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "What publishing arm was sold for $155 million?", "id": "5ace33db32bba1001ae49df9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CBS Songs", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "SAK Entertainment acquired which publishing arm?", "id": "5ace33db32bba1001ae49dfa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1986, CBS sold its music publishing arm, CBS Songs, to Stephen Swid, Martin Bandier, and Charles Koppelman for $125 million making it the foundation of their SBK Entertainment."}], ["Doug Morris, yang merupakan ketua Warner Music Group, kemudian Universal Music, menjadi pengerusi dan CEO syarikat itu pada 1 Julai 2011. Sony Music menjalani penstrukturan semula selepas ketibaan Morris. Dia disertai oleh L.A. Reid, yang menjadi pengerusi dan Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Epic Records. Di bawah Reid, beberapa artis dari separuh Jive bekas RCA / Jive Label Group berpindah ke Epic. Peter Edge menjadi Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif baru unit RCA Records. Kumpulan Muzik RCA menutup Arista, J Records dan Jive Records pada Oktober 2011, dengan artis dari label tersebut dipindahkan ke RCA Records. <> Apa pengeluar muzik yang terkenal menjadi Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Epic Records? || L.A. Reid <> Siapa yang menyertai CEO Epic Records dalam menjadi CEO Sony Music? || Doug Morris <> Pada tahun apa dia menjadi CEO Sony Music? || 2011 <> Siapa yang menjadi Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Rekod RCA? || Peter Edge <> Apakah label yang dibubarkan oleh RCA pada tahun 2011? || Arista, J Records dan Jive Records <> Morris Doug menjadi Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif dalam tahun berapa? || <> Warner Music menjalani penstrukturan semula selepas kedatangannya? || <> Di bawah Morris, beberapa artis dari Jive melakukan apa? || <> Edge Peter menjadi CEO baru apa? || <> Arista menutup kumpulan apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What famous music producer became CEO of Epic Records?", "id": "56df217bc65bf219000b3f81", "answers": [{"text": "L.A. Reid", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who joined the CEO of Epic Records in becoming the CEO of Sony Music?", "id": "56df217bc65bf219000b3f82", "answers": [{"text": "Doug Morris", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did he become the CEO of Sony Music?", "id": "56df217bc65bf219000b3f83", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who became the CEO of RCA Records?", "id": "56df217bc65bf219000b3f84", "answers": [{"text": "Peter Edge", "answer_start": 362}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What labels did RCA disband in 2011?", "id": "56df217bc65bf219000b3f85", "answers": [{"text": "Arista, J Records and Jive Records", "answer_start": 449}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 121}], "question": "Morris Doug became CEO in what year?", "id": "5ace3ed732bba1001ae4a03d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Morris", "answer_start": 5}], "question": "Warner Music underwent a restructuring after whose arrival?", "id": "5ace3ed732bba1001ae4a03e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "moved to Epic", "answer_start": 347}], "question": "Under Morris, multiple artists from Jive did what?", "id": "5ace3ed732bba1001ae4a03f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the RCA Records unit", "answer_start": 395}], "question": "Edge Peter became the new CEO of what?", "id": "5ace3ed732bba1001ae4a040", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The RCA Music Group", "answer_start": 417}], "question": "Arista closed down what group?", "id": "5ace3ed732bba1001ae4a041", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Doug Morris, who was head of Warner Music Group, then Universal Music, became chairman and CEO of the company on July 1, 2011. Sony Music underwent a restructuring after Morris' arrival. He was joined by L.A. Reid, who became the chairman and CEO of Epic Records. Under Reid, multiple artists from the Jive half of the former RCA/Jive Label Group moved to Epic. Peter Edge became the new CEO of the RCA Records unit. The RCA Music Group closed down Arista, J Records and Jive Records in October 2011, with the artists from those labels being moved to RCA Records."}], ["Pada bulan Mac 1968, CBS dan Sony membentuk CBS / Sony Records, usaha sama perniagaan Jepun. Dengan Sony sebagai salah satu pemaju di sebalik media muzik digital cakera padat, sebuah loji pengeluaran cakera padat telah dibina di Jepun di bawah usahasama, yang membolehkan CBS memulakan pembekalan beberapa cakera padat pertama untuk pasaran Amerika pada tahun 1983. < Dalam tahun apakah CBS dan Sony datang bersama? || 1968 <> Pada tahun apakah CD datang ke pasaran Amerika? || 1983 <> Pada bulan Mac 1988, CBS dan Sony membentuk kumpulan apa? || <> CBS / Sony Records adalah bahasa Cina apa? || <> Sebuah kilang pengeluaran cakera padat dibina di China di bawah apa? || <> ABC membekalkan beberapa cakera padat pertama pada tahun berapa? || <> Beberapa rakaman cakera padat yang pertama melanda pasaran China dalam tahun berapa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did CBS and Sony come together?", "id": "56df16b23277331400b4d977", "answers": [{"text": "1968", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did CDs come to the American market?", "id": "56df16b23277331400b4d979", "answers": [{"text": "1983", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CBS/Sony Records", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "In March 1988, CBS and Sony formed what group?", "id": "5ace30ce32bba1001ae49d57", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "business joint venture", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "CBS/Sony Records was a Chinese what?", "id": "5ace30ce32bba1001ae49d58", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the joint venture", "answer_start": 234}], "question": "A compact disc production plant was constructed in China under what?", "id": "5ace30ce32bba1001ae49d59", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1983", "answer_start": 352}], "question": "ABC supplied some of the first compact disc releases in what year?", "id": "5ace30ce32bba1001ae49d5a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1983", "answer_start": 352}], "question": "Some of the first compact disc releases hit the Chinese market in what year?", "id": "5ace30ce32bba1001ae49d5b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In March 1968, CBS and Sony formed CBS/Sony Records, a Japanese business joint venture. With Sony being one of the developers behind the compact disc digital music media, a compact disc production plant was constructed in Japan under the joint venture, allowing CBS to begin supplying some of the first compact disc releases for the American market in 1983."}], ["Kumpulan CBS Records diketuai sangat berjaya oleh Clive Davis sehingga pemecatannya pada tahun 1972, setelah diketahui bahawa Davis telah menggunakan dana CBS untuk membiayai kehidupan pribadinya, termasuk pesta mitzvah bar mahal untuk anaknya. Dia digantikan oleh bekas ketua Goddard Lieberson, kemudian pada tahun 1975 oleh peguam yang berwarna-warni dan kontroversial Walter Yetnikoff, yang mengetuai syarikat itu hingga 1990. <Tahun> berapa tahun Clive Davis melepaskan diri di CBS Records Group? || 1972 <> ABC Records Group berjaya diterajui oleh siapa? || <> Clive Davis dibuang dari ABC Records Group dalam tahun berapa? || <> Siapa yang menggunakan dana CBS untuk membiayai kehidupan profesionalnya? || <> Siapa yang menggunakan dana syarikat untuk pesta bar mitzvah mahal untuk anak perempuan mereka? || <> Siapa yang menggantikan peguam Walter Yetnikoff? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was Clive Davis let go at CBS Records Group?", "id": "56df175bc65bf219000b3f51", "answers": [{"text": "1972", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Clive Davis", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "ABC Records Group was led successfully by whom?", "id": "5ace329d32bba1001ae49da3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1972", "answer_start": 86}], "question": "Clive Davis was dismissed from ABC Records Group in what year?", "id": "5ace329d32bba1001ae49da4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Clive Davis", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "Who used CBS funds to finance his professional life?", "id": "5ace329d32bba1001ae49da5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Clive Davis", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "Who used company funds for an expensive bar mitzvah party for their daughter?", "id": "5ace329d32bba1001ae49da6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Goddard Lieberson", "answer_start": 267}], "question": "Who replaced lawyer Walter Yetnikoff?", "id": "5ace329d32bba1001ae49da7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The CBS Records Group was led very successfully by Clive Davis until his dismissal in 1972, after it was discovered that Davis has used CBS funds to finance his personal life, including an expensive bar mitzvah party for his son. He was replaced first by former head Goddard Lieberson, then in 1975 by the colourful and controversial lawyer Walter Yetnikoff, who led the company until 1990."}], ["Pada 1980-an hingga awal 1990-an, terdapat label CBS yang dicatatkan di AS yang dikenali sebagai CBS Associated Records. Tony Martell, veteran CBS dan Epic Records A & R Vice President adalah ketua label ini dan menandatangani artis termasuk Ozzy Osbourne, Fabulous Thunderbirds, Orkestra Lampu Elektrik, Joan Jett, dan Henry Lee Summer. Label ini merupakan sebahagian daripada sayap sub label (Epic / Potret / Bersekutu) di CBS yang berkongsi kakitangan kebangsaan dan serantau yang sama dengan seluruh Rekod Epik dan merupakan sebahagian daripada sistem pengedaran CBS Records di seluruh dunia. <> Nama 3 artis yang CBS Associated Records ditandatangani pada tahun 80an dan 90an? || Ozzy Osbourne, Thunderbird yang Hebat, Orkestra Lampu Elektrik, Joan Jett, dan Henry Lee Summer <> Martell Tony adalah ketua labelnya? || <> Label apakah yang merupakan sebahagian daripada sayap sub label di ABC? || <> Siapa yang tidak berkongsi kakitangan yang sama dengan Rekod Epik? || <> Siapa yang bukan sebahagian daripada sistem pengedaran CBS Records di seluruh dunia? || <> Ozzy Osbourne adalah ketua labelnya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Name 3 artists that CBS Associated Records signed on in the 80s and 90s?", "id": "56df2200c65bf219000b3f8b", "answers": [{"text": "Ozzy Osbourne, the Fabulous Thunderbirds, Electric Light Orchestra, Joan Jett, and Henry Lee Summer", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CBS Associated Records", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "Martell Tony was the head of which label?", "id": "5ace334632bba1001ae49ddb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CBS Associated Records", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "What label was a part of wing of sub labels at ABC?", "id": "5ace334632bba1001ae49ddc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CBS Associated Records", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "Who didn't share the same staff as Epic Records?", "id": "5ace334632bba1001ae49ddd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CBS Associated Records", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "Who wasn't a part of  the full CBS Records worldwide distribution system?", "id": "5ace334632bba1001ae49dde", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CBS Associated Records", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "Ozzy Osbourne was the head of which label?", "id": "5ace334632bba1001ae49ddf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the 1980s to early 1990s, there was a CBS imprint label in the US known as CBS Associated Records. Tony Martell, veteran CBS and Epic Records A&R Vice President was head of this label and signed artists including Ozzy Osbourne, the Fabulous Thunderbirds, Electric Light Orchestra, Joan Jett, and Henry Lee Summer. This label was a part of (Epic/Portrait/Associated) wing of sub labels at CBS which shared the same national and regional staff as the rest of Epic Records and was a part of the full CBS Records worldwide distribution system."}], ["Pada 1 Julai 2009, PKS dan IODA mengumumkan perkongsian strategik global mereka untuk memanfaatkan rangkaian pengedaran runcit dalam talian di seluruh dunia dan teknologi pelengkap untuk menyokong label bebas dan pemegang hak muzik. <> Apa label yang berusaha untuk menyokong label indie dan pemegang hak muzik? || SME dan IODA <> Dalam tahun apakah mereka berkerjasama untuk berbuat demikian? || 2009 <> SME dan IODA mengumumkan penghujung perkongsian mereka pada tarikh apa? || <> Siapa yang mengumumkan perkongsian strategik tempatan mereka pada 1 Julai 2009? || <> SEM bekerjasama dengan siapa? || <> Pada 1 Julai 2019, yang bekerjasama bersama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What labels strove to support indie labels and music rightsholders?", "id": "56df262d3277331400b4d9b5", "answers": [{"text": "SME and IODA", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did they partner in order to do so?", "id": "56df262d3277331400b4d9b6", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "July 1, 2009", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "SME and IODA announced the end of their partnership on what date?", "id": "5ace3d4332bba1001ae49fe5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "SME and IODA", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "Who announced their local strategic partnership on July 1, 2009?", "id": "5ace3d4332bba1001ae49fe6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "IODA", "answer_start": 25}], "question": "SEM partnered with whom?", "id": "5ace3d4332bba1001ae49fe7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "SME and IODA", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "On July 1, 2019, who partnered together?", "id": "5ace3d4332bba1001ae49fe8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On July 1, 2009, SME and IODA announced their global strategic partnership to leverage combined worldwide online retail distribution networks and complementary technologies to support independent labels and music rightsholders."}], ["Pada bulan Ogos 2004, Sony memasuki usaha sama dengan rakan sejawat Bertelsmann, dengan menggabungkan Sony Music dan Kumpulan Muzik Bertelsmann, Jerman, untuk menubuhkan Sony BMG Music Entertainment. Walau bagaimanapun Sony terus mengendalikan perniagaan muzik Jepun secara bebas daripada Sony BMG manakala BMG Japan menjadi sebahagian daripada penggabungan. <> Dalam tahun apakah Sony dan BMG Jerman bergabung? || 2004 <> Pada bulan Ogos 2014, Sony memasuki satu usaha sama dengan siapa? || <> Siapa yang terus mengendalikan perniagaan muzik China secara bebas? || <> ABC Jepun menjadi sebahagian daripada apa? || <> Beckman Music Group terletak di mana negara? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Sony and BMG Germany merge?", "id": "56df25403277331400b4d9a9", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "equal partner Bertelsmann", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "In August 2014, Sony entered a joint venture with whom?", "id": "5ace37ff32bba1001ae49ef7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sony", "answer_start": 186}], "question": "Who continued to operate its Chinese music business independently?", "id": "5ace37ff32bba1001ae49ef8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the merger", "answer_start": 301}], "question": "ABC Japan was made part of what?", "id": "5ace37ff32bba1001ae49ef9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Germany", "answer_start": 126}], "question": "Beckman Music Group is located in which country?", "id": "5ace37ff32bba1001ae49efa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In August 2004, Sony entered joint venture with equal partner Bertelsmann, by merging Sony Music and Bertelsmann Music Group, Germany, to establish Sony BMG Music Entertainment. However Sony continued to operate its Japanese music business independently from Sony BMG while BMG Japan was made part of the merger."}], ["Pada tahun 1989, CBS Records memasuki perniagaan penerbitan muzik dengan memperoleh penerbit muzik Nashville Tree International Publishing lebih daripada $ 30 juta. <> Dalam tahun berapakah CBS Records membeli Tree International Publishing? || 1989 <> Berapa banyakkah CBS Records membayar untuk Penerbitan Pokok Antarabangsa? || $ 30 juta <> Di bandar apa yang terdapat di Tree International Publishing? || Nashville <> Pada tahun 1999, CBS Records memasuki semula apa? || <> ABC Records memperoleh apa penerbit muzik Nashville? || <> Apa penerbit muzik yang diperoleh lebih daripada $ 40 juta? || <> Penerbit muzik New York Tree International Publishing telah diperolehi untuk berapa banyak wang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did CBS Records buy out Tree International Publishing?", "id": "56df23ff3277331400b4d997", "answers": [{"text": "1989", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did CBS Records pay for Tree International Publishing?", "id": "56df23ff3277331400b4d998", "answers": [{"text": "$30 million", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city was Tree International Publishing located?", "id": "56df23ff3277331400b4d999", "answers": [{"text": "Nashville", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the music publishing business", "answer_start": 32}], "question": "In 1999, CBS Records re-entered what?", "id": "5ace35e132bba1001ae49e75", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tree International Publishing", "answer_start": 101}], "question": "ABC Records acquired what Nashville music publisher?", "id": "5ace35e132bba1001ae49e76", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tree International Publishing", "answer_start": 101}], "question": "What music publisher was acquired for more then $40 million?", "id": "5ace35e132bba1001ae49e77", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "$30 million", "answer_start": 145}], "question": "New York music publisher Tree International Publishing was acquired for how much money?", "id": "5ace35e132bba1001ae49e78", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1989, CBS Records re-entered the music publishing business by acquiring Nashville music publisher Tree International Publishing for more than $30 million."}], ["Pada Mac 2010, Sony Corp telah bekerjasama dengan The Michael Jackson Company dengan kontrak lebih daripada $ 250 juta, perjanjian terbesar dalam sejarah muzik yang direkodkan. <> Siapa yang rakan kongsi Sony bersama untuk membuat perjanjian terbesar yang pernah berlaku? || Syarikat Michael Jackson <> Berapa nilai perkongsian? || $ 250 juta <> Dalam tahun apakah perkongsian itu dimulakan? || 2010 <> Pada Mac 2100, yang bekerjasama dengan The Michael Jackson Company? || <> Sony Corp bermitra dengan siapa pada bulan Julai, 2010? || <> Siapa yang bekerjasama bersama pada bulan Mac 2010 dengan kontrak lebih daripada $ 500 juta? || <> Perjanjian kedua terbesar dalam sejarah muzik yang direkodkan bernilai berapa banyak? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Sony partner with to create the biggest deal ever?", "id": "56df268f3277331400b4d9b9", "answers": [{"text": "Michael Jackson Company", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much was the partnership worth?", "id": "56df268f3277331400b4d9ba", "answers": [{"text": "$250 million", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the partnership initiated?", "id": "56df268f3277331400b4d9bb", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sony Corp", "answer_start": 15}], "question": "In March 2100, who partnered with The Michael Jackson Company?", "id": "5ace3dc232bba1001ae4a001", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Michael Jackson Company", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "Sony Corp partnered with whom in July, 2010?", "id": "5ace3dc232bba1001ae4a002", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sony Corp has partnered with The Michael Jackson Company", "answer_start": 15}], "question": "Who partnered together in March 2010 with a contract of over $500 million?", "id": "5ace3dc232bba1001ae4a003", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "more than $250 million", "answer_start": 91}], "question": "The second largest deal in recorded music history was worth how much?", "id": "5ace3dc232bba1001ae4a004", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In March 2010, Sony Corp has partnered with The Michael Jackson Company with a contract of more than $250 million, the largest deal in recorded music history."}], ["Menjelang 1987, CBS adalah satu-satunya \"tiga besar\" rangkaian TV Amerika yang mempunyai syarikat rekod bersama. ABC telah menjual bahagian rekodnya ke Rekod MCA pada tahun 1979, dan pada tahun 1986, syarikat induk NBC RCA dijual kepada General Electric, yang kemudiannya menjual semua unit RCA lain, termasuk bahagian rekod (yang dibeli oleh Ariola Records, yang kemudiannya dikenali sebagai BMG). <> Pada tahun apakah CBS adalah satu-satunya rangkaian yang juga mempunyai syarikat rekod? || 1987 <> Apa label yang dijual ABC pada tahun 1979? || Rekod MCA <> Label apa yang dijual oleh NBC pada tahun 1986? || RCA <> Siapa yang membeli RCA? || Ge <> Menjelang tahun 1997, jaringan mana satu-satunya \"tiga besar\" yang juga mempunyai syarikat rekod sendiri? || <> CBA menjual bahagian rekodnya kepada siapa pada tahun 1979? || <> Syarikat induk RCA NBC dijual kepada siapa? || <> BMG kemudian dikenali sebagai apa Ariola apa? || <> Pada tahun apakah syarikat induk RCA NBC dijual kepada General Electric? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was CBS the only network to also have a record company?", "id": "56df2305c65bf219000b3f95", "answers": [{"text": "1987", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What label did ABC sell in 1979?", "id": "56df2305c65bf219000b3f96", "answers": [{"text": "MCA Records", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What label did NBC sell in 1986?", "id": "56df2305c65bf219000b3f97", "answers": [{"text": "RCA", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who bought RCA?", "id": "56df2305c65bf219000b3f98", "answers": [{"text": "Ge", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CBS", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "By 1997, which network was the only \"big three\" to also have its own record company?", "id": "5ace349132bba1001ae49e27", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "MCA Records", "answer_start": 129}], "question": "CBA sold its record division to whom in 1979?", "id": "5ace349132bba1001ae49e28", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "General Electric", "answer_start": 200}], "question": "RCA's parent company NBC was sold to whom ?", "id": "5ace349132bba1001ae49e29", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Records", "answer_start": 315}], "question": "BMG was later known as what Ariola what?", "id": "5ace349132bba1001ae49e2a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1986", "answer_start": 157}], "question": "In what year was RCA's parent company NBC sold to General Electric?", "id": "5ace349132bba1001ae49e2b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "By 1987, CBS was the only \"big three\" American TV network to have a co-owned record company. ABC had sold its record division to MCA Records in 1979, and in 1986, NBC's parent company RCA was sold to General Electric, who then sold off all other RCA units, including the record division (which was bought by Ariola Records, later known as BMG)."}], ["Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Kumpulan RCA / Jive Label Barry Weiss meninggalkan syarikat itu pada Mac 2011 untuk menjadi CEO baru Island Def Jam dan Universal Republic, yang kedua-duanya adalah sebahagian daripada Universal Music Group. Weiss telah menjadi Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Kumpulan RCA / Jive Label sejak 2008 dan merupakan ketua Jive Records sejak tahun 1991. <> Pada tahun apakah CEO RCA / Jive Barry Weiss pergi? || 2011 <> Syarikat apa yang Barry Weiss berpindah ke? || Island Def Jam dan Universal Republic <> Bilakah Barry Weiss menjadi CEO RCA / Jive? || 2008 <> Bilakah Barry Weiss menjadi ketua Rekod Jive? || 1991 <> Weiss Barry adalah ketua Jive Records sejak tahun berapa? || <> Island Jam Def dan Universal Republic adalah kedua-duanya sebahagian daripada apa? || <> Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Weiss Barry meninggalkan RCA / Jive Label Group dalam tahun berapa? || <> Barry Weiss menjadi Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Island Jam Def dalam tahun berapa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did CEO of RCA/Jive Barry Weiss leave?", "id": "56df24783277331400b4d99d", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company did Barry Weiss move to?", "id": "56df24783277331400b4d99e", "answers": [{"text": "Island Def Jam and Universal Republic", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Barry Weiss become CEO of RCA/Jive?", "id": "56df24783277331400b4d99f", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Barry Weiss become head of Jive Records?", "id": "56df24783277331400b4d9a0", "answers": [{"text": "1991", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1991", "answer_start": 269}], "question": "Weiss Barry was the head of Jive Records since what year?", "id": "5ace3e5532bba1001ae4a017", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal Music Group", "answer_start": 156}], "question": "Island Jam Def and Universal Republic were both part of what?", "id": "5ace3e5532bba1001ae4a018", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 63}], "question": "CEO Weiss Barry left RCA/Jive Label Group in what year?", "id": "5ace3e5532bba1001ae4a019", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 63}], "question": "Barry Weiss became the CEO of Island Jam Def in what year?", "id": "5ace3e5532bba1001ae4a01a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "RCA/Jive Label Group CEO Barry Weiss left the company in March 2011 to become the new CEO of Island Def Jam and Universal Republic, which were both part of Universal Music Group. Weiss had been the RCA/Jive Label Group CEO since 2008 and was head of Jive Records since 1991."}], ["Penggabungan itu menjadikan label Columbia dan Epic kakak kepada RCA Records, yang pernah dimiliki oleh RCA yang juga dimiliki NBC saingannya. Ia juga memulakan proses membawa kembali Arista Records BMG di bawah kepemilikan bersama dengan bekas ibu bapa Columbia Pictures, sebuah bahagian Sony sejak tahun 1989, dan juga membawa pengasas Arista Clive Davis kembali ke lipatan. Davis masih dengan Sony Music sebagai Ketua Pegawai Kreatif. <> Columbia Pictures telah dimiliki oleh Sony sejak tahun berapa? || 1989 <> Siapa CCO Sony Music? || Clive Davis <> Siapa yang menjadi label kakak kepada ABC Records? || <> ABC Arista Records telah dibawa apa? || <> Sony telah menjadi bahagian Columbia Pictures sejak tahun berapa? || <> Pengasas Epic Clive yang dibawa balik ke dalam lipatan? || <> Davis tidak lagi berfungsi sebagai di Sony Music? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Columbia Pictures has been owned by Sony since what year?", "id": "56df27123277331400b4d9bf", "answers": [{"text": "1989", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the CCO of Sony Music?", "id": "56df27123277331400b4d9c0", "answers": [{"text": "Clive Davis", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Columbia and Epic", "answer_start": 16}], "question": "Who became sister labels to ABC Records?", "id": "5ace38df32bba1001ae49f09", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "back under common ownership with its former parent Columbia Pictures", "answer_start": 185}], "question": "ABC's Arista Records was brought what?", "id": "5ace38df32bba1001ae49f0a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1989", "answer_start": 277}], "question": "Sony has been a Columbia Pictures division since what year?", "id": "5ace38df32bba1001ae49f0b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Davis", "answer_start": 321}], "question": "Epic founder Clive who was brought back into the fold?", "id": "5ace38df32bba1001ae49f0c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Chief Creative Officer", "answer_start": 381}], "question": "Davis no longer serves as what at Sony Music?", "id": "5ace38df32bba1001ae49f0d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The merger made Columbia and Epic sister labels to RCA Records, which was once owned by RCA which also owned CBS rival NBC. It also started the process of bringing BMG's Arista Records back under common ownership with its former parent Columbia Pictures, a Sony division since 1989, and also brought Arista founder Clive Davis back into the fold. Davis is still with Sony Music as Chief Creative Officer."}], ["Pada 17 November 1987, SCA membeli CBS Records, yang menjadi tuan rumah kepada Michael Jackson, dengan harga AS $ 2 bilion. CBS Inc., sekarang CBS Corporation, mengekalkan hak untuk nama CBS untuk rakaman muzik tetapi memberikan Sony satu lesen sementara untuk menggunakan nama CBS. CBS Corporation mengasaskan Rekod CBS baru pada tahun 2006, yang diedarkan oleh Sony menerusi anak syarikat REDnya. <> Dalam tahun apakah SCA membeli Rekod CBS? || 1987 <> Siapa artis terbesar yang CBS ada? || Michael Jackson <> Berapa banyak SCA membayar untuk CBS Records? || $ 2 bilion <> Dalam tahun apakah Perbadanan CBS memulakan Rekod CBS yang lain? || 2006 <> Siapa yang mengedarkan bahan Rekod CBS? || Sony menerusi anak syarikat RED <> Pada tarikh apa CBS Records memperoleh SCA? || <> Berapakah kos untuk CBS Records untuk memperoleh SCA? || <> Siapa yang mengekalkan hak kepada nama CAS untuk rakaman muzik? || <> Siapa yang mengasaskan Rekod CBS baru pada tahun 2016? || <> Dalam tahun apakah CBS Corporation telah menemui Rekod CAS baru? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did SCA buy CBS Records?", "id": "56df23c2c65bf219000b3f9f", "answers": [{"text": "1987", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the biggest artist that CBS had?", "id": "56df23c2c65bf219000b3fa0", "answers": [{"text": "Michael Jackson", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did SCA pay for CBS Records?", "id": "56df23c2c65bf219000b3fa1", "answers": [{"text": "$2 billion", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the CBS Corporation begin another CBS Records?", "id": "56df23c2c65bf219000b3fa2", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who distributes CBS Records material?", "id": "56df23c2c65bf219000b3fa3", "answers": [{"text": "Sony through its RED subsidiary", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "November 17, 1987", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "On what date did CBS Records acquire SCA?", "id": "5ace352132bba1001ae49e57", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "US$2 billion", "answer_start": 95}], "question": "How much did it cost for CBS Records to acquire SCA?", "id": "5ace352132bba1001ae49e58", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CBS Inc", "answer_start": 109}], "question": "Who retained the right to the CAS name for music recording?", "id": "5ace352132bba1001ae49e59", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CBS Corporation", "answer_start": 255}], "question": "Who founded a new CBS Records in 2016?", "id": "5ace352132bba1001ae49e5a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 300}], "question": "In what year did CBS Corporation found a new CAS Records?", "id": "5ace352132bba1001ae49e5b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On November 17, 1987, SCA acquired CBS Records, which hosted such acts as Michael Jackson, for US$2 billion. CBS Inc., now CBS Corporation, retained the rights to the CBS name for music recordings but granted Sony a temporary license to use the CBS name. CBS Corporation founded a new CBS Records in 2006, which is distributed by Sony through its RED subsidiary."}], ["Pada 11 Oktober 2011, Doug Morris mengumumkan bahawa Mel Lewinter telah dinobatkan sebagai Naib Presiden Eksekutif Strategi Label. Lewinter pernah berkhidmat sebagai pengerusi dan Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Kumpulan Universal Motown Republic. Pada bulan Januari 2012, Dennis Kooker dinamakan Presiden Global Digital Business dan Jualan AS. <> Siapa yang dinaikkan pangkat menjadi VP Eksekutif Strategi Label pada tahun 2011? || Mel Lewinter <> Siapa yang menjadi Presiden Perniagaan Global Global dan Jualan AS pada tahun 2012? || Dennis Kooker <> Doug Morris diumumkan sebagai Naib Presiden Eksekutif pada tarikh apa? || <> Lewinter pernah berkhidmat sebagai setiausaha untuk kumpulan mana? || <> Siapa yang dinamakan Presiden Perniagaan Digital Tempatan dan Jualan AS pada tahun 2012? || <> Siapa yang dinamakan Eksekutif Naib Presiden Strategi Tempatan pada tahun 2011? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was promoted to Executive VP of Label Strategy in 2011?", "id": "56df24ce3277331400b4d9a5", "answers": [{"text": "Mel Lewinter", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who became President of Global Digital Business and US Sales in 2012?", "id": "56df24ce3277331400b4d9a6", "answers": [{"text": "Dennis Kooker", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "October 11, 2011", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "Doug Morris was announced as Executive Vice President on what date?", "id": "5ace3f5332bba1001ae4a059", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal Motown Republic", "answer_start": 170}], "question": "Lewinter previously served as secretary for which group?", "id": "5ace3f5332bba1001ae4a05a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Dennis Kooker", "answer_start": 220}], "question": "Who was named President of Local Digital Business and US Sales in 2012?", "id": "5ace3f5332bba1001ae4a05b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mel Lewinter", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "Who was named Executive Vice President of Local Strategy in 2011?", "id": "5ace3f5332bba1001ae4a05c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On October 11, 2011, Doug Morris announced that Mel Lewinter had been named Executive Vice President of Label Strategy. Lewinter previously served as chairman and CEO of Universal Motown Republic Group. In January 2012, Dennis Kooker was named President of Global Digital Business and US Sales."}], ["Pada 5 Ogos 2008, SCA dan Bertelsmann mengumumkan bahawa Sony telah bersetuju untuk membeli kepentingan 50% Bertelsmann dalam Sony BMG. Sony menyelesaikan pengambilalihan 50% saham Bertelsmann dalam usahasama syarikat pada 1 Oktober 2008. Syarikat itu, sekali lagi menamakan Sony Music Entertainment Inc., menjadi anak syarikat milik penuh Sony Corporation melalui anak syarikatnya SCA. Beberapa album terakhir yang menampilkan logo Sony BMG adalah Thriller 25 oleh Michael Jackson, Saya ... Sasha Fierce oleh Beyonc\u00e9, Keeps Gettin 'Lebih Baik: Dekad Hits oleh Christina Aguilera, dan Rumah Selamat Perjalanan oleh Dido. Logo sementara telah diumumkan mulai 1 Disember 2008. Logo ini telah diumumkan pada bulan Mac 2009. <> Dalam tahun apakah Sony mengambil alih kepentingan separuh BMG dalam syarikat itu? || 2008 <> Nama salah satu album akhir yang pernah ada label Sony BMG? || Thriller 25 oleh Michael Jackson, Saya ... Sasha Fierce oleh Beyonc\u00e9, Jauhkan Gettin 'Lebih Baik: Satu Dekad Hits oleh Christina Aguilera, dan Rumah Selamat Perjalanan oleh Dido <> Bilakah logo baru Sony diturunkan kepada orang ramai? || 2009 <> Beberapa album pertama untuk menampilkan logo Sony BMG adalah? || <> Logo kekal dilancarkan pada 1 Disember tahun berapa? || <> Logo sekarang telah dilancarkan pada bulan Disember tahun berapa? || <> Bertelsmann memperoleh kepentingan 50% Sony pada tarikh apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Sony take BMG's half stake in the company?", "id": "56df25da3277331400b4d9af", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Name one of the final albums to ever have the Sony BMG label?", "id": "56df25da3277331400b4d9b0", "answers": [{"text": "Thriller 25 by Michael Jackson, I Am... Sasha Fierce by Beyonc\u00e9, Keeps Gettin' Better: A Decade of Hits by Christina Aguilera, and Safe Trip Home by Dido", "answer_start": 425}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Sony's new logo revealed to the public?", "id": "56df25da3277331400b4d9b1", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 677}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Thriller 25 by Michael Jackson, I Am... Sasha Fierce by Beyonc\u00e9, Keeps Gettin' Better: A Decade of Hits by Christina Aguilera, and Safe Trip Home by Dido", "answer_start": 425}], "question": "The first few albums to feature a Sony BMG logo were?", "id": "5ace3cc032bba1001ae49fcd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 632}], "question": "A permanent logo was unveiled on December 1 of what year?", "id": "5ace3cc032bba1001ae49fce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 632}], "question": "The present logo was unveiled in December of what year?", "id": "5ace3cc032bba1001ae49fcf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "October 1, 2008", "answer_start": 211}], "question": "Bertelsmann acquired Sony's 50% stake on what date?", "id": "5ace3cc032bba1001ae49fd0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On August 5, 2008, SCA and Bertelsmann announced that Sony had agreed to acquire Bertelsmann's 50% stake in Sony BMG. Sony completed its acquisition of Bertelsmann's 50% stake in the companies' joint venture on October 1, 2008. The company, once again named Sony Music Entertainment Inc., became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation through its US subsidiary SCA. The last few albums to feature a Sony BMG logo were Thriller 25 by Michael Jackson, I Am... Sasha Fierce by Beyonc\u00e9, Keeps Gettin' Better: A Decade of Hits by Christina Aguilera, and Safe Trip Home by Dido. A temporary logo was unveiled beginning December 1, 2008. The present logo was unveiled in March 2009."}], ["Pada tahun 1995, Sony dan Michael Jackson membentuk usahasama yang menggabungkan operasi penerbitan muzik Sony dengan ATV Music Jackson untuk membentuk Sony / ATV Music Publishing. <> Dalam tahun apakah penggabungan berlaku? || 1995 <> Pada tahun 1985, Sony dan Michael Jackson membentuk apa? || <> Sony dan Michael Jordan membentuk usahasama dalam tahun berapa? || <> TAV Muzik Jackson bergabung dengan siapa? || <> Pada tahun 1985, Sony dan Michael Jordan membentuk apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the merger take place?", "id": "56df2767c65bf219000b3faa", "answers": [{"text": "1995", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a joint venture", "answer_start": 41}], "question": "In 1985, Sony and Michael Jackson formed what?", "id": "5ace376a32bba1001ae49ecf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1995", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "Sony and Michael Jordan formed a joint venture in what year?", "id": "5ace376a32bba1001ae49ed0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sony's music publishing operations", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "Jackson's TAV Music merged with whom?", "id": "5ace376a32bba1001ae49ed1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a joint venture", "answer_start": 41}], "question": "In 1985, Sony and Michael Jordan formed what?", "id": "5ace376a32bba1001ae49ed2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1995, Sony and Michael Jackson formed a joint venture which merged Sony's music publishing operations with Jackson's ATV Music to form Sony/ATV Music Publishing."}], ["Pada 2011-2012, Sony Music Inc. menyuarakan sokongan untuk SOPA dan PIPA. Akta Stop Lan Online dan Melindungi Akta IP membangkitkan kontroversi dalam industri hiburan sejak pengenalan mereka di Kongres Amerika Syarikat. <> Sony Music menyatakan sokongan untuk SOUP dan siapa? || <> Tindakan mana yang tidak membangkitkan sebarang kontroversi? || <> Tindakan mana yang diperkenalkan ke Senat AS? || <> Pada 2014-2015, Sony menyatakan sokongan untuk siapa? || <> Teruskan Akta Pembajakan Online dan Melindungi Akta IP yang membangkitkan apa? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "PIPA", "answer_start": 61}], "question": "Sony Music expressed support for SOUP and whom?", "id": "5ace411a32bba1001ae4a09f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Stop Online Piracy Act and Protect IP Act", "answer_start": 67}], "question": "Which acts did not stir up any controversy?", "id": "5ace411a32bba1001ae4a0a0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Stop Online Piracy Act and Protect IP Act", "answer_start": 67}], "question": "Which acts were introduced into the US Senate?", "id": "5ace411a32bba1001ae4a0a1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "SOPA and PIPA", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "In 2014-2015, Sony expressed support for whom?", "id": "5ace411a32bba1001ae4a0a2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "controversy", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "The Continue Online Piracy Act and Protect IP Act stirred up what?", "id": "5ace411a32bba1001ae4a0a3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2011\u20132012, Sony Music Inc. expressed support for SOPA and PIPA. The Stop Online Piracy Act and Protect IP Act stirred up controversy within the entertainment industry since their introduction in the United States Congress.[citation needed]"}], ["Pada bulan Mei 2012, Sony Music memfailkan tuduhan terhadap laman web IsoHunt. Tuntutan plaintif di dalam dokumen mahkamah yang difailkan di Mahkamah Agung British Columbia: \"Laman Web IsoHunt telah direka dan dikendalikan oleh defendan dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh keuntungan daripada pelanggaran hak cipta yang berleluasa yang defendan secara aktif menggalakkan, mempromosikan, memberi kuasa, mendorong, bantuan, pertolongan, menyumbang secara material dan keuntungan komersil dari. \" <> Pada bulan Mei 2012, ABC Music memfailkan dendam terhadap siapa? || <> Dokumen mana yang difailkan di Mahkamah Agung China? || <> Laman web IconicHunt mempunyai dakwaan yang difailkan terhadap mereka oleh siapa? || <> Laman web IsoHunt memfailkan tuduhan terhadap Sony Music dalam tahun berapa? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the website IsoHunt", "answer_start": 46}], "question": "In May 2012, ABC Music filed charged against whom?", "id": "5ace41cd32bba1001ae4a0c5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the court document", "answer_start": 91}], "question": "Which document was filed at the supreme court of the China?", "id": "5ace41cd32bba1001ae4a0c6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sony Music", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "The website IconicHunt had charges filed against them by whom?", "id": "5ace41cd32bba1001ae4a0c7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 7}], "question": "The website IsoHunt filed charges against Sony Music in what year?", "id": "5ace41cd32bba1001ae4a0c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In May 2012, Sony Music filed charges against the website IsoHunt. The plaintifs claims in the court document filed at the supreme court of British Columbia: \"The IsoHunt Websites have been designed and are operated by the defendants with the sole purpose of profiting from rampant copyright infringement which defendants actively encourage, promote, authorize, induce, aid, abet, materially contribute to and commercially profit from.\""}], ["Pada tahun 1970, CBS Records menghidupkan semula rekacipta Rekod Kedutaan di UK dan Eropah, yang telah tidak berfungsi sejak CBS telah menguasai syarikat induk kedutaan, Oriole, pada tahun 1964. Tujuan yang dicadangkan oleh kedutaan Kedutaan adalah melepaskan rezim anggaran album yang telah asalnya dikeluarkan di Amerika Syarikat di Columbia Records (atau anak-anak syarikatnya). Banyak album, oleh artis yang beragam seperti Andy Williams, Johnny Cash, Barbra Streisand, Byrds, Tammy Wynette, Laura Nyro dan Sly & The Stone Keluarga telah dikeluarkan di Kedutaan, sebelum label sekali lagi dihentikan pada tahun 1980. <> Pada tahun 1980 , Rekod CBS semula? || <> CBS telah mengawal syarikat induk Oriole pada tahun berapa? || <> Tujuan jejak Oriole yang dipulihkan adalah apa? || <> Label mana yang pernah dihentikan pada tahun 1990? || <> Beberapa album dikeluarkan pada apa label sebelum ia dihentikan? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Embassy Records imprint", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "In 1980, CBS Records revived what?", "id": "5ace318232bba1001ae49d75", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1964", "answer_start": 166}], "question": "CBS had taken control of Oriole's parent company in what year?", "id": "5ace318232bba1001ae49d76", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to release budget reissues of albums that had originally been released in the United States on Columbia Records", "answer_start": 219}], "question": "The purpose of the revived Oriole imprint was what?", "id": "5ace318232bba1001ae49d77", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Embassy", "answer_start": 517}], "question": "Which label was once again discontinued in 1990?", "id": "5ace318232bba1001ae49d78", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Embassy", "answer_start": 517}], "question": "Few albums were issued on what label before it was discontinued?", "id": "5ace318232bba1001ae49d79", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1970, CBS Records revived the Embassy Records imprint in UK and Europe, which had been defunct since CBS had taken control of Embassy's parent company, Oriole, in 1964. The purpose of the revived Embassy imprint was to release budget reissues of albums that had originally been released in the United States on Columbia Records (or its subsidiaries). Many albums, by artists as diverse as Andy Williams, Johnny Cash, Barbra Streisand, the Byrds, Tammy Wynette, Laura Nyro and Sly & the Family Stone were issued on Embassy, before the label was once again discontinued in 1980."}], ["Sony menamakan semula syarikat rekod Sony Music Entertainment (SME) pada 1 Januari 1991, memenuhi syarat yang ditetapkan di bawah pembelian tahun 1988, yang hanya memberi lesen peralihan kepada tanda dagangan CBS. Label Associated CBS dinamakan semula sebagai Epic Associated. Juga pada 1 Januari 1991, untuk menggantikan label CBS, Sony memperkenalkan semula label Columbia di seluruh dunia, yang sebelum ini diadakan di Amerika Syarikat dan Kanada, selepas ia memperoleh hak antarabangsa untuk tanda dagangan dari EMI pada tahun 1990. Jepun adalah satu-satunya negara di mana Sony tidak mempunyai hak untuk nama Columbia kerana ia dikawal oleh Nippon Columbia, sebuah syarikat yang tidak berkaitan. Sehingga hari ini, Sony Music Entertainment Japan tidak menggunakan tanda dagangan Columbia untuk rakaman label Columbia dari luar Jepun yang dikeluarkan di Jepun. Hak cipta pemegang rekod di Columbia Records di Sepanyol ialah Bertelsmann Music Group, Jerman, yang mana Sony Music kemudiannya disusun menerusi penggabungan tahun 2004, diikuti dengan pembelian tahun 2008. <> Dalam tahun apakah nama Sony Music Entertainment menjadi nama baru label rekod Sony? || 1991 <> Dalam tahun apakah CBS Associated menjadi Epic Associated? || 1991 <> Apa satu-satunya negara di mana Sony tidak mempunyai hak untuk label Columbia? || Jepun <> Siapa yang memiliki hak kepada label Columbia di Jepun? || Nippon Columbia <> ABC dinamakan semula syarikat rekod PKS pada tarikh apa? || <> Mengubah nama syarikat memenuhi syarat-syarat 1998 apa? || <> Label ABC Associated telah dinamakan semula? || <> China adalah satu-satunya negara di mana Sony tidak mempunyai hak untuk apa? || <> Kumpulan Muzik Berkman adalah pemegang hak dari negara manakah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the name Sony Music Entertainment become the new name of Sony's record label?", "id": "56df28373277331400b4d9c3", "answers": [{"text": "1991", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did CBS Associated become Epic Associated?", "id": "56df28373277331400b4d9c4", "answers": [{"text": "1991", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the only country where Sony has no rights to the Columbia label?", "id": "56df28373277331400b4d9c5", "answers": [{"text": "Japan", "answer_start": 489}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who owns the rights to the Columbia label in Japan?", "id": "56df28373277331400b4d9c6", "answers": [{"text": "Nippon Columbia", "answer_start": 591}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "January 1, 1991", "answer_start": 66}], "question": "ABC renamed the record company SME on what date?", "id": "5ace36dd32bba1001ae49ea1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "buyout", "answer_start": 123}], "question": "Renaming the company fulfilled the terms of the 1998 what?", "id": "5ace36dd32bba1001ae49ea2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Epic Associated", "answer_start": 232}], "question": "The ABC Associated label was renamed what?", "id": "5ace36dd32bba1001ae49ea3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to the Columbia name as it is controlled by Nippon Columbia", "answer_start": 547}], "question": "China is the only country where Sony does not have the rights to what?", "id": "5ace36dd32bba1001ae49ea4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spain", "answer_start": 844}], "question": "Berkman Music Group was a rightsholder from which country?", "id": "5ace36dd32bba1001ae49ea5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Sony renamed the record company Sony Music Entertainment (SME) on January 1, 1991, fulfilling the terms set under the 1988 buyout, which granted only a transitional license to the CBS trademark. The CBS Associated label was renamed Epic Associated. Also on January 1, 1991, to replace the CBS label, Sony reintroduced the Columbia label worldwide, which it previously held in the United States and Canada only, after it acquired the international rights to the trademark from EMI in 1990. Japan is the only country where Sony does not have rights to the Columbia name as it is controlled by Nippon Columbia, an unrelated company. Thus, until this day, Sony Music Entertainment Japan does not use the Columbia trademark for Columbia label recordings from outside Japan which are issued in Japan. The Columbia Records trademark's rightsholder in Spain was Bertelsmann Music Group, Germany, which Sony Music subsequently subsumed via a 2004 merger, followed by a 2008 buyout."}]], [["Sejak projek MAPS selesai, kawasan pusat bandar telah menyaksikan perkembangan yang berterusan. Beberapa bangunan di pusat bandar sedang menjalani pengubahsuaian / pemulihan. Antara yang terkenal ialah pemulihan Hotel Skirvin pada 2007. Pusat Kebangsaan Pertama terkenal sedang diubahsuai. <> Bilakah Skirvin Hotel diubahsuai? || 2007", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Skirvin Hotel Renovated?", "id": "56df4a428bc80c19004e4a19", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Since the MAPS projects' completion, the downtown area has seen continued development. Several downtown buildings are undergoing renovation/restoration. Notable among these was the restoration of the Skirvin Hotel in 2007. The famed First National Center is being renovated."}], ["Kesabaran Latting dipilih sebagai Datuk Bandar Oklahoma City pada tahun 1971, menjadi datuk bandar wanita pertama di bandar ini. Latting juga merupakan wanita pertama berkhidmat sebagai Datuk Bandar di sebuah bandar raya A.S. dengan lebih daripada 350,000 penduduk. <> Siapakah datuk bandar wanita Oklahoma pertama? || Kesabaran Latting <> Bilakah Patience Latting dipilih? || 1971", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the Oklahoma Cities  first female mayor?", "id": "56df36cd96943c1400a5d2ff", "answers": [{"text": "Patience Latting", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Patience Latting elected?", "id": "56df36cd96943c1400a5d300", "answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Patience Latting was elected Mayor of Oklahoma City in 1971, becoming the city's first female mayor. Latting was also the first woman to serve as mayor of a U.S. city with over 350,000 residents."}], ["Oklahoma City telah diselesaikan pada 22 April 1889, apabila kawasan yang dikenali sebagai \"Tanah Tidak Ditugaskan\" dibuka untuk penyelesaian dalam suatu peristiwa yang dikenali sebagai \"Land Run\". Sebanyak 10,000 homesteaders menetap kawasan yang akan menjadi ibu kota Oklahoma. Pekan ini tumbuh dengan cepat; penduduknya berlipat ganda antara tahun 1890 dan 1900. Para pemimpin awal pembangunan kota termasuk Anton Classen, John Shartel, Henry Overholser dan James W. Maney. <> Apa nama tanah itu sebelum dipanggil Oklahoma City? || Tanah Tidak Ditugaskan <> Siapakah pemimpin bandar yang awal? || James W. Maney", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the land before being called Oklahoma City?", "id": "56df347a96943c1400a5d2e3", "answers": [{"text": "Unassigned Lands", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was an early leader of the city?", "id": "56df347a96943c1400a5d2e6", "answers": [{"text": "James W. Maney", "answer_start": 412}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City was settled on April 22, 1889, when the area known as the \"Unassigned Lands\" was opened for settlement in an event known as \"The Land Run\". Some 10,000 homesteaders settled the area that would become the capital of Oklahoma. The town grew quickly; the population doubled between 1890 and 1900. Early leaders of the development of the city included Anton Classen, John Shartel, Henry Overholser and James W. Maney."}], ["Pada masa Oklahoma dimasukkan ke Kesatuan pada tahun 1907, Oklahoma City telah melepasi Guthrie, ibu kota, sebagai pusat penduduk dan pusat perdagangan negeri baru. Tidak lama selepas itu, ibu kota itu dipindahkan dari Guthrie ke Oklahoma City. Oklahoma City merupakan perhentian utama di Route 66 pada awal abad ke-20; ia terkenal dalam klasik jazz Bobby Troup pada tahun 1946, \"(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66\", yang kemudiannya terkenal dengan artis Nat King Cole. <> Tahun apakah bandar Oklahoma telah memasuki Kesatuan? || 1907 <> Apa modal Oklahoma sebelum bandar raya Oklahoma? || Guthrie <> Laluan apa yang menyebabkan bandar raya Oklahoma menjadi perhentian utama? || Laluan 66 <> Siapa yang menulis Oldie Jazz \"(Dapatkan Kicks Anda di) Route 66\"? || Bobby Troup <> Artis mana yang membuat lagu Bobby Troup terkenal? || Nat King Cole", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was Oklahoma city entered into the Union?", "id": "56df35c296943c1400a5d2f1", "answers": [{"text": "1907", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the capital of Oklahoma before Oklahoma city?", "id": "56df35c296943c1400a5d2f2", "answers": [{"text": "Guthrie", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What route made Oklahoma city a major stop?", "id": "56df35c296943c1400a5d2f3", "answers": [{"text": "Route 66", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the Jazz oldie \"(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66\"?", "id": "56df35c296943c1400a5d2f4", "answers": [{"text": "Bobby Troup", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which artist made Bobby Troup's song famous?", "id": "56df35c296943c1400a5d2f5", "answers": [{"text": "Nat King Cole", "answer_start": 456}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By the time Oklahoma was admitted to the Union in 1907, Oklahoma City had surpassed Guthrie, the territorial capital, as the population center and commercial hub of the new state. Soon after, the capital was moved from Guthrie to Oklahoma City. Oklahoma City was a major stop on Route 66 during the early part of the 20th century; it was prominently mentioned in Bobby Troup's 1946 jazz classic, \"(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66\", later made famous by artist Nat King Cole."}], ["Penduduk Oklahoma City mengalami kerugian besar pada 19 April 1995 ketika Timothy McVeigh meledakkan bom di depan gedung Murrah. Bangunan itu dimusnahkan (sisa-sisa yang terpaksa dibongkar dalam perobohan yang terkawal pada tahun itu), lebih daripada 100 bangunan berhampiran mengalami kerosakan teruk, dan 168 orang terbunuh. Laman ini telah diperingati sebagai Memorial dan Muzium Nasional Oklahoma City. Sejak dibuka pada tahun 2000, lebih daripada tiga juta orang telah melawat. Setiap tahun pada 19 April, mangsa, keluarga dan kawan-kawan kembali ke peringatan untuk membaca nama setiap orang yang hilang. <> Apakah nama tapak yang baru diubahsuai di mana pengeboman berlaku? || Memorial dan Muzium Nasional Oklahoma City <> Tahun apa peringatan pertama dibuka? || 2000", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the newly renovated site where the bombing occured?", "id": "56df4aa88bc80c19004e4a1b", "answers": [{"text": "Oklahoma City National Memorial and Museum", "answer_start": 379}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the memorial first opened?", "id": "56df4aa88bc80c19004e4a1c", "answers": [{"text": "2000", "answer_start": 444}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Residents of Oklahoma City suffered substantial losses on April 19, 1995 when Timothy McVeigh detonated a bomb in front of the Murrah building. The building was destroyed (the remnants of which had to be imploded in a controlled demolition later that year), more than 100 nearby buildings suffered severe damage, and 168 people were killed. The site has been commemorated as the Oklahoma City National Memorial and Museum. Since its opening in 2000, over three million people have visited. Every year on April 19, survivors, families and friends return to the memorial to read the names of each person lost."}], ["Sebelum Perang Dunia II, Oklahoma City mengembangkan stoki utama, menarik pekerjaan dan pendapatan yang dahulunya di Chicago dan Omaha, Nebraska. Dengan penemuan minyak 1928 dalam sempadan bandar (termasuk di bawah Capitol Negeri), Oklahoma City menjadi pusat pengeluaran minyak utama. Pertumbuhan pasca perang disertai pembinaan Sistem Lebuhraya Interstate, yang menjadikan Oklahoma City pertukaran utama sebagai penumpuan I-35, I-40 dan I-44. Ia juga dibantu oleh pembangunan persekutuan Pangkalan Tentera Udara Tinker. <> Bilakah minyak ditemui di sempadan bandar? || 1928 <> Apa laluan yang digunakan Oklahoma City sebagai perubahan laluan utama? || I-35, I-40 dan I-44", {"qas": [{"question": "When was oil discovered in the city limits?", "id": "56df368a96943c1400a5d2fb", "answers": [{"text": "1928", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What routes used Oklahoma City as a major route change?", "id": "56df368a96943c1400a5d2fc", "answers": [{"text": "I-35, I-40 and I-44", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Before World War II, Oklahoma City developed major stockyards, attracting jobs and revenue formerly in Chicago and Omaha, Nebraska. With the 1928 discovery of oil within the city limits (including under the State Capitol), Oklahoma City became a major center of oil production. Post-war growth accompanied the construction of the Interstate Highway System, which made Oklahoma City a major interchange as the convergence of I-35, I-40 and I-44. It was also aided by federal development of Tinker Air Force Base."}], ["Pada tahun 1993, bandar itu meluluskan satu pakej pembangunan semula yang dikenali sebagai Projek Kawasan Metropolitan (MAPS), bertujuan untuk membina semula teras bandar dengan projek-projek sivik untuk mewujudkan lebih banyak aktiviti dan kehidupan di pusat bandar. Bandar ini menambah taman besbol baru; perpustakaan pusat; pengubahsuaian ke pusat sivik, pusat konvensyen dan tapak pameran; dan kanal air di daerah hiburan Bricktown. Penumpang pengangkutan teksi di daerah, menambah warna dan aktiviti di sepanjang kanal. MAPS telah menjadi salah satu perkongsian awam-swasta yang paling berjaya yang dilakukan di Amerika Syarikat, melebihi pelaburan swasta sebanyak $ 3 bilion pada tahun 2010. Sebagai hasil daripada MAPS, penduduk yang tinggal di perumahan di pusat bandar telah meningkat dengan pesat, bersama-sama dengan permintaan tambahan kediaman dan kemudahan runcit, seperti kedai runcit, perkhidmatan dan kedai. <> Apakah nama laluan pembangunan semula yang diluluskan pada tahun 1993? || Projek Kawasan Metropolitan <> Apakah satu perkara yang telah ditambah dalam projek ini? || taman besbol <> Berapa banyak wang yang dilaburkan dalam MAPS menjelang 2010? || $ 3 bilion", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the redevelopment passage that was passed in 1993?", "id": "56df4a248bc80c19004e4a13", "answers": [{"text": "Metropolitan Area Projects", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one thing that was added in this project?", "id": "56df4a248bc80c19004e4a14", "answers": [{"text": "baseball park", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money was invested in MAPS by 2010?", "id": "56df4a248bc80c19004e4a15", "answers": [{"text": "$3 billion", "answer_start": 594}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1993, the city passed a massive redevelopment package known as the Metropolitan Area Projects (MAPS), intended to rebuild the city's core with civic projects to establish more activities and life to downtown. The city added a new baseball park; central library; renovations to the civic center, convention center and fairgrounds; and a water canal in the Bricktown entertainment district. Water taxis transport passengers within the district, adding color and activity along the canal. MAPS has become one of the most successful public-private partnerships undertaken in the U.S., exceeding $3 billion in private investment as of 2010. As a result of MAPS, the population living in downtown housing has exponentially increased, together with demand for additional residential and retail amenities, such as grocery, services, and shops."}], ["Oklahoma City terletak di Koridor I-35 dan merupakan salah satu koridor perjalanan utama ke negara jiran Texas dan Mexico. Terletak di rantau Frontier negara, bahagian timur laut di bandar ini terletak di kawasan ekologi yang dikenali sebagai Cross Timbers. Bandar ini diasaskan semasa Land Run tahun 1889, dan berkembang menjadi penduduk lebih dari 10,000 dalam masa penubuhannya. Bandar ini adalah tempat kejadian pengeboman Bangunan Persekutuan Alfred P. Murrah pada 19 April 1995, di mana 168 orang meninggal dunia. Ia adalah serangan keganasan paling dahsyat dalam sejarah Amerika Syarikat sehingga serangan 11 September 2001, dan kekal sebagai tindakan keganasan domestik yang paling dahsyat dalam sejarah A.S.. <> Apa koridor terletak di Oklahoma City? || Koridor I-35 <> Bilakah kota itu diasaskan? || 1889 <> Bilakah pengeboman Oklahoma City? || 1995 <> Apa nama bangunan yang terlibat dalam pengeboman itu? || Bangunan Federal Alfred P. Murrah", {"qas": [{"question": "What corridor is Oklahoma City situated in?", "id": "56df33ca8bc80c19004e497b", "answers": [{"text": "I-35 Corridor", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the city founded?", "id": "56df33ca8bc80c19004e497d", "answers": [{"text": "1889", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Oklahoma City bombing?", "id": "56df33ca8bc80c19004e497e", "answers": [{"text": "1995", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the building involved in the bombing?", "id": "56df33ca8bc80c19004e497f", "answers": [{"text": "Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City is on the I-35 Corridor and is one of the primary travel corridors into neighboring Texas and Mexico. Located in the Frontier Country region of the state, the city's northeast section lies in an ecological region known as the Cross Timbers. The city was founded during the Land Run of 1889, and grew to a population of over 10,000 within hours of its founding. The city was the scene of the April 19, 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, in which 168 people died. It was the deadliest terror attack in the history of the United States until the attacks of September 11, 2001, and remains the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in U.S. history."}], ["Oklahoma City, terletak di rantau Great Plains, mempunyai salah satu pasar ternakan terbesar di dunia. Minyak, gas asli, produk petroleum dan industri yang berkaitan adalah sektor ekonomi tempatan yang terbesar. Bandar ini terletak di tengah-tengah medan minyak yang aktif dan minyak derricks dot alasan kapitol. Kerajaan persekutuan menggunakan sejumlah besar pekerja di Pangkalan Tentera Udara Tinker dan Pusat Penerbangan Aeronautical Mike Monroney Jabatan Pengangkutan Amerika Syarikat (kedua-dua laman web ini mempunyai beberapa pejabat Pentadbiran Penerbangan Persekutuan dan Jabatan Perkhidmatan Perusahaan Jabatan Pengangkutan masing-masing). <> Wilayah mana yang Oklahoma City sebahagian daripada? || Great Plains region <> Apa pejabat menggaji pengangkutan AS dan pangkalan udara? || Pangkalan Tentera Udara Tinker dan Jabatan Penerbangan Udara Mike Monroney, Jabatan Pengangkutan Amerika Syarikat", {"qas": [{"question": "Which region is Oklahoma City a part of?", "id": "56df32fd8bc80c19004e4973", "answers": [{"text": "Great Plains region", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What offices employ US transportation and Air force bases?", "id": "56df32fd8bc80c19004e4975", "answers": [{"text": "Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City, lying in the Great Plains region, features one of the largest livestock markets in the world. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products and related industries are the largest sector of the local economy. The city is situated in the middle of an active oil field and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds. The federal government employs large numbers of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center (these two sites house several offices of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Department's Enterprise Service Center, respectively)."}], ["Oklahoma City adalah ibukota dan kota terbesar di negeri Oklahoma. Kerusi County Oklahoma County, bandar ini berada di tangga ke-27 di antara bandar-bandar Amerika Syarikat dalam populasi. Penduduk meningkat berikutan Banci 2010, dengan populasi dianggarkan meningkat kepada 620,602 pada bulan Julai 2014. Setakat 2014, kawasan metropolitan Oklahoma City mempunyai populasi 1,322,429, dan Kawasan Statistik Gabungan Oklahoma City-Shawnee mempunyai populasi 1,459,758 (Dewan Perdagangan), menjadikannya kawasan metropolitan terbesar di Oklahoma. Batasan bandar Oklahoma City memanjang ke daerah Kanada, Cleveland, dan Pottawatomie, walaupun kebanyakan kawasan di luar kawasan Oklahoma County utama adalah pinggiran bandar atau luar bandar (kawasan tadahan air). Bandar ini menjadi bandar terbesar kelapan di Amerika Syarikat dengan kawasan tanah (termasuk daerah bandar yang disatukan; ia adalah bandar terbesar di Amerika Syarikat dengan kawasan tanah yang kerajaannya tidak disatukan dengan daerah atau daerah). <> Apa modal Oklahoma? || Oklahoma City <> Kota mana yang terbesar di Oklahoma? || Oklahoma City <> Apakah penduduk kota Oklahoma pada tahun 2014? || 1,322,429", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the capital of Oklahoma?", "id": "56df32168bc80c19004e495f", "answers": [{"text": "Oklahoma City", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which city is the largest in Oklahoma?", "id": "56df32168bc80c19004e4960", "answers": [{"text": "Oklahoma City", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the population of Oklahoma city in 2014?", "id": "56df32168bc80c19004e4961", "answers": [{"text": "1,322,429", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City is the capital and largest city of the state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 27th among United States cities in population. The population grew following the 2010 Census, with the population estimated to have increased to 620,602 as of July 2014. As of 2014, the Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,322,429, and the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,459,758 (Chamber of Commerce) residents, making it Oklahoma's largest metropolitan area. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county or borough)."}], ["Oklahoma City terletak di rantau Sandstone Hills Oklahoma, yang terkenal dengan bukit 250 hingga 400 kaki (120 m) dan dua spesies oak: blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica) dan pasca oak (Q. stellata). Bahagian timur laut bandar dan pinggiran timurnya jatuh ke kawasan ekologi yang dikenali sebagai Cross Timbers. <> Kawasan mana yang terletak di bandar Oklahoma? || Rantau Sandstone Hills", {"qas": [{"question": "Which region is Oklahoma city located in?", "id": "56df4cdc8bc80c19004e4a37", "answers": [{"text": "Sandstone Hills region", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City lies in the Sandstone Hills region of Oklahoma, known for hills of 250 to 400 feet (120 m) and two species of oak: blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica) and post oak (Q. stellata). The northeastern part of the city and its eastern suburbs fall into an ecological region known as the Cross Timbers."}], ["Menurut Biro Banci Amerika Syarikat, bandar ini mempunyai kawasan seluas 620.34 batu persegi (1,606.7 km2), di mana, 601.11 batu persegi (1,556.9 km2) daripadanya adalah tanah dan 19.23 batu persegi (49.8 km2) daripadanya adalah air. Jumlah kawasan adalah 3.09 peratus air. <> Berapa batu persegi adalah Oklahoma City? || 620.34 batu persegi <> Daripada 620.34 batu persegi, berapa airnya? || 19.23 batu persegi", {"qas": [{"question": "How many square miles is Oklahoma City?", "id": "56df4c368bc80c19004e4a29", "answers": [{"text": "620.34 square miles", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Out of the 620.34 square miles, how much of it is water?", "id": "56df4c368bc80c19004e4a2a", "answers": [{"text": "19.23 square miles", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 620.34 square miles (1,606.7 km2), of which, 601.11 square miles (1,556.9 km2) of it is land and 19.23 square miles (49.8 km2) of it is water. The total area is 3.09 percent water."}], ["Kepadatan penduduk biasanya dilaporkan untuk Oklahoma City menggunakan kawasan batas bandarnya boleh sedikit mengelirukan. Zon perbandarannya merangkumi kira-kira 244 meter persegi (630 km2) yang mengakibatkan ketumpatan 2,500 per mil persegi (est est 2013), berbanding dengan kawasan tadahan air luar bandar yang lebih besar yang diperbadankan oleh bandar raya, yang meliputi baki 377 meter persegi (980 km2) had bandar. <> Apa yang meliputi baki 377 batu persegi? || kawasan tadahan air desa", {"qas": [{"question": "What covers the remaining 377 square miles?", "id": "56df4ef48bc80c19004e4a48", "answers": [{"text": "rural watershed areas", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The population density normally reported for Oklahoma City using the area of its city limits can be a bit misleading. Its urbanized zone covers roughly 244 sq mi (630 km2) resulting in a density of 2,500 per square mile (2013 est), compared with larger rural watershed areas incorporated by the city, which cover the remaining 377 sq mi (980 km2) of the city limits."}], ["Oklahoma City mempunyai iklim subtropika lembap (K\u00f6ppen: Cfa), dengan variasi kerap cuaca dalam setiap hari dan bermusim, kecuali semasa bulan-bulan musim panas yang panas dan lembap. Kekeringan yang berpanjangan dan teruk (kadang kala menyebabkan kebakaran liar di sekitar) serta hujan lebat yang membawa kepada banjir kilat dan banjir berlaku dengan beberapa kekerapan. Angin konsisten, biasanya dari selatan atau selatan-tenggara pada musim panas, membantu cuaca hangat. Angin angin konsisten pada musim sejuk boleh memuncak tempoh sejuk. Badai ais yang teruk dan badai salji berlaku secara sporadikal semasa musim sejuk. <> Apa jenis iklim bandar Oklahoma? || iklim subtropika lembap", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of climate does Oklahoma city?", "id": "56df519d8bc80c19004e4a7d", "answers": [{"text": "humid subtropical climate", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City has a humid subtropical climate (K\u00f6ppen: Cfa), with frequent variations in weather daily and seasonally, except during the consistently hot and humid summer months. Prolonged and severe droughts (sometimes leading to wildfires in the vicinity) as well as very heavy rainfall leading to flash flooding and flooding occur with some regularity. Consistent winds, usually from the south or south-southeast during the summer, help temper the hotter weather. Consistent northerly winds during the winter can intensify cold periods. Severe ice storms and snowstorms happen sporadically during the winter."}], ["Projek \"Teras ke Pantai\" telah diwujudkan untuk memindahkan I-40 satu kilometer (1.6 km) ke selatan dan menggantikannya dengan boulevard untuk membuat pintu masuk ke bandar. Ini juga membolehkan bahagian tengah bandar berkembang ke selatan dan bersambung dengan pantai di Sungai Oklahoma. Beberapa unsur \"Core to Shore\" dimasukkan dalam cadangan MAPS 3 yang diluluskan oleh pengundi pada akhir tahun 2009. <> Apakah nama projek itu untuk menukar lokasi I-40 dan membuat pintu masuk baru ke bandar? || Projek \"Teras untuk Shore\" <> Berapa tahun projek Core to Shore mengundi untuk menjadi sebahagian daripada program MAPS? || 2009", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the project to change the location of I-40 and make a new entrance to the city?", "id": "56df4bb096943c1400a5d353", "answers": [{"text": "The \"Core-to-Shore\" project", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the Core to Shore project voted for to be part of the MAPS program?", "id": "56df4bb096943c1400a5d354", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The \"Core-to-Shore\" project was created to relocate I-40 one mile (1.6 km) south and replace it with a boulevard to create a landscaped entrance to the city. This also allows the central portion of the city to expand south and connect with the shore of the Oklahoma River. Several elements of \"Core to Shore\" were included in the MAPS 3 proposal approved by voters in late 2009."}], ["Bandar ini dibezakan secara geografi dan budaya oleh Sungai Kanada Utara, yang pada asasnya membahagikan North Oklahoma City dan South Oklahoma City. Kedua-dua bahagian bandar itu sebenarnya diasaskan dan diplot sebagai bandar yang berasingan, tetapi tidak lama kemudian tumbuh bersama. Sisi utara dicirikan oleh kejiranan bandar yang sangat pelbagai dan bergaya berhampiran pusat bandar dan pinggir bandar yang lebih jauh ke utara. South Oklahoma City biasanya lebih banyak kelas kolar biru dan lebih banyak perindustrian, yang berkembang di sekitar stok dan tumbuhan pembungkus daging pada awal abad ini, dan kini menjadi pusat komuniti Latin yang berkembang pesat di bandar ini. <> Sisi mana yang dikenali terutamanya sebagai perindustrian? || South Oklahoma City <> Sisi mana yang lebih bandar dan bergaya? || North Oklahoma City", {"qas": [{"question": "Which side is known for primarily being industrial?", "id": "56df4fb48bc80c19004e4a60", "answers": [{"text": "South Oklahoma City", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which side is more urban and fashionable?", "id": "56df4fb48bc80c19004e4a61", "answers": [{"text": "North Oklahoma City", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city is bisected geographically and culturally by the North Canadian River, which basically divides North Oklahoma City and South Oklahoma City. The two halves of the city were actually founded and plotted as separate cities, but soon grew together. The north side is characterized by very diverse and fashionable urban neighborhoods near the city center and sprawling suburbs further north. South Oklahoma City is generally more blue collar working class and significantly more industrial, having grown up around the Stockyards and meat packing plants at the turn of the century, and is currently the center of the city's rapidly growing Latino community."}], ["Suhu purata adalah 61.4 \u00b0 F (16.3 \u00b0 C), dengan purata harian bulanan dari 39.2 \u00b0 F (4.0 \u00b0 C) pada bulan Januari hingga 83.0 \u00b0 F (28.3 \u00b0 C) pada bulan Julai. Ekstrem adalah dari -17 \u00b0 F (-27 \u00b0 C) pada 12 Februari 1899 hingga 113 \u00b0 F (45 \u00b0 C) pada 11 Ogos 1936 dan 3 Ogos 2012; bacaan sub-sifar terakhir (\u00b0 F) terakhir adalah -5 \u00b0 F (-21 \u00b0 C) pada 10 Februari 2011. Suhu mencapai 100 \u00b0 F (38 \u00b0 C) pada 10.4 hari tahun, 90 \u00b0 F (32 \u00b0 C) pada hampir 70 hari, dan gagal naik di atas beku pada 8.3 hari. Bandar ini menerima kira-kira 35.9 inci (91.2 cm) hujan setiap tahun, di mana 8.6 inci (21.8 cm) adalah salji. Berapa banyak hujan di purata jatuh di dalam bandar? || 35.9 inci <> Daripada hujan yang jatuh, berapa banyak salji itu? || 8.6 inci", {"qas": [{"question": "How much precipitation on average falls within the city?", "id": "56df527c8bc80c19004e4a8a", "answers": [{"text": "35.9 inches", "answer_start": 496}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Out of the precipitation that falls, how much of it is snow?", "id": "56df527c8bc80c19004e4a8b", "answers": [{"text": "8.6 inches", "answer_start": 554}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The average temperature is 61.4 \u00b0F (16.3 \u00b0C), with the monthly daily average ranging from 39.2 \u00b0F (4.0 \u00b0C) in January to 83.0 \u00b0F (28.3 \u00b0C) in July. Extremes range from \u221217 \u00b0F (\u221227 \u00b0C) on February 12, 1899 to 113 \u00b0F (45 \u00b0C) on August 11, 1936 and August 3, 2012; the last sub-zero (\u00b0F) reading was \u22125 \u00b0F (\u221221 \u00b0C) on February 10, 2011. Temperatures reach 100 \u00b0F (38 \u00b0C) on 10.4 days of the year, 90 \u00b0F (32 \u00b0C) on nearly 70 days, and fail to rise above freezing on 8.3 days. The city receives about 35.9 inches (91.2 cm) of precipitation annually, of which 8.6 inches (21.8 cm) is snow."}], ["Downtown Oklahoma City, yang mempunyai penduduk seramai 7,600 orang, kini sedang melihat kemasukan pelaburan swasta baru dan projek kerja-kerja awam besar-besaran, yang telah membantu menembus semula sebuah daerah perniagaan pusat yang hampir ditinggalkan oleh Bust Oil pada awal tahun 1980-an. Pusat bandar tengah adalah Jambatan Crystal baru dan Myriad Botanical Gardens, salah satu daripada beberapa elemen Rancangan Pei yang akan disiapkan. Dalam beberapa tahun akan datang, taman pusat baru yang besar akan menghubungkan taman berhampiran CBD dan pusat konvensyen baru yang akan dibina di selatannya ke Sungai Kanada Utara, sebagai sebahagian daripada projek kerja besar yang dikenali sebagai Core to Shore; taman baru ini adalah sebahagian daripada MAPS3, koleksi projek awam yang dibiayai oleh kenaikan cukai jualan selama 1 sen (tujuh tahun). <> Apakah dua lokasi yang baru diubahsuai di pusat bandar Oklahoma? || Crystal Bridge dan Myriad Botanical Gardens", {"qas": [{"question": "What are two newly renovated locations in downtown Oklahoma city?", "id": "56df514f8bc80c19004e4a78", "answers": [{"text": "Crystal Bridge and Myriad Botanical Gardens", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Downtown Oklahoma City, which has 7,600 residents, is currently seeing an influx of new private investment and large scale public works projects, which have helped to resuscitate a central business district left almost deserted by the Oil Bust of the early 1980s. The centerpiece of downtown is the newly renovated Crystal Bridge and Myriad Botanical Gardens, one of the few elements of the Pei Plan to be completed. In the next few years a massive new central park will link the gardens near the CBD and the new convention center to be built just south of it to the North Canadian River, as part of a massive works project known as Core to Shore; the new park is part of MAPS3, a collection of civic projects funded by a 1-cent temporary (seven-year) sales tax increase."}], ["Bandar ini dikelilingi oleh Sungai Kanada Utara (baru-baru ini dinamakan semula Sungai Oklahoma di dalam sempadan bandar). Kanada Utara pernah mempunyai aliran yang mencukupi untuk membanjiri setiap tahun, menyebabkan kemusnahan di sekitar kawasan sekitarnya, termasuk daerah perniagaan pusat dan Zoo Oklahoma City yang asal. Pada tahun 1940-an, empangan telah dibina di atas sungai untuk menguruskan kawalan banjir dan mengurangkan tahapnya. Pada tahun 1990-an, sebagai sebahagian daripada projek revitalisasi di seluruh bandar yang dikenali sebagai MAPS, bandar itu membina satu siri empangan air rendah, mengembalikan air ke bahagian sungai yang mengalir berhampiran pusat bandar. Bandar ini mempunyai tiga tasik besar: Lake Hefner dan Lake Overholser, di suku barat laut bandar; dan yang terbesar, Tasik Stanley Draper, di kawasan jauh di bahagian tenggara bandar ini. <> Apakah sungai yang mengalir melalui bandar raya Oklahoma? || Sungai Kanada Utara <> Apakah nama baru untuk bahagian Sungai Kanada Utara yang berada dalam batas bandar? || Sungai Oklahoma <> Bilakah empangan dibina untuk sungai? || 1940-an <> Apa yang dibina pada tahun 1990-an untuk membantu mengembalikan air ke sungai berhampiran pusat bandar? || empangan air rendah", {"qas": [{"question": "What river flows through Oklahoma city?", "id": "56df4e488bc80c19004e4a3d", "answers": [{"text": "North Canadian River", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the new name for the part of the North Canadian River that resides within the city limits?", "id": "56df4e488bc80c19004e4a3e", "answers": [{"text": "Oklahoma River", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was a dam built for the river?", "id": "56df4e488bc80c19004e4a3f", "answers": [{"text": "1940s", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was built in the 1990's to help return water to the river near downtown?", "id": "56df4e488bc80c19004e4a40", "answers": [{"text": "low-water dams", "answer_start": 496}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city is roughly bisected by the North Canadian River (recently renamed the Oklahoma River inside city limits). The North Canadian once had sufficient flow to flood every year, wreaking destruction on surrounding areas, including the central business district and the original Oklahoma City Zoo. In the 1940s, a dam was built on the river to manage the flood control and reduced its level. In the 1990s, as part of the citywide revitalization project known as MAPS, the city built a series of low-water dams, returning water to the portion of the river flowing near downtown. The city has three large lakes: Lake Hefner and Lake Overholser, in the northwestern quarter of the city; and the largest, Lake Stanley Draper, in the sparsely populated far southeast portion of the city."}], ["Oklahoma City mempunyai musim cuaca yang sangat aktif dari bulan Mac hingga Jun, terutama pada bulan April dan Mei. Terletak di tengah-tengah apa yang disebut sebagai Tornado Alley, ia cenderung kepada tornado terutamanya yang kerap dan teruk, serta badai hujan lebat yang sangat teruk dan gema sekali-sekala. Tornado telah berlaku pada setiap bulan tahun ini dan puncak kecil sekunder juga berlaku semasa musim luruh, terutama bulan Oktober. Kawasan metropolitan Oklahoma City adalah salah satu bandar utama yang paling rawan tornado di dunia, dengan kira-kira 150 tornado mencolok dalam batas bandar sejak tahun 1890. Sejak rekod cuaca telah disimpan, Oklahoma City telah diserang oleh tiga belas tornado ganas, sebelas F / EF4s dan dua F / EF5. Pada 3 Mei 1999, bahagian selatan Oklahoma City dan komuniti pinggir bandar berhampiran mengalami salah satu tornado yang paling kuat dalam rekod, F5 pada skala Fujita, dengan kelajuan angin yang dianggarkan oleh radar pada 318 mph (510 km / j). Pada 20 Mei 2013, bandaraya Oklahoma Barat, bersama-sama dengan Newcastle dan Moore, dipukul lagi oleh tornado EF5; ia adalah 0.5 hingga 2.1 batu (0.80 hingga 2,09 km) dan membunuh 23 orang. Kurang daripada dua minggu kemudian, pada 31 Mei, satu lagi wabak menjejaskan kawasan Oklahoma City, termasuk EF1 dan EF0 di dalam bandar dan tornado beberapa batu di barat bandar raya yang lebarnya 4.2 batu (4.2 km), tornado terluas pernah direkodkan. <> Bilakah musim sejuk bandar Oklahoma bermula? || Mac <> Kapan Oklahoma bandar memutuskan musim akhir? || Jun <> Kira-kira Berapa banyak tornado yang telah mencapai batas bandar? || 150 <> Berapa lebar tornado yang pernah ada? || 2.6 batu", {"qas": [{"question": "When is Oklahoma city sever weather season begin?", "id": "56df54048bc80c19004e4aa7", "answers": [{"text": "March", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When does Oklahoma city sever weather season end?", "id": "56df54048bc80c19004e4aa8", "answers": [{"text": "June", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Approximately How many tornadoes have reached the city limits?", "id": "56df54048bc80c19004e4aa9", "answers": [{"text": "150", "answer_start": 537}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How wide was the widest tornado ever?", "id": "56df54048bc80c19004e4aab", "answers": [{"text": "2.6 miles", "answer_start": 1322}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City has a very active severe weather season from March through June, especially during April and May. Being in the center of what is colloquially referred to as Tornado Alley, it is prone to especially frequent and severe tornadoes, as well as very severe hailstorms and occasional derechoes. Tornadoes have occurred in every month of the year and a secondary smaller peak also occurs during autumn, especially October. The Oklahoma City metropolitan area is one of the most tornado-prone major cities in the world, with about 150 tornadoes striking within the city limits since 1890. Since the time weather records have been kept, Oklahoma City has been struck by thirteen violent tornadoes, eleven F/EF4s and two F/EF5. On May 3, 1999 parts of southern Oklahoma City and nearby suburban communities suffered from one of the most powerful tornadoes on record, an F5 on the Fujita scale, with wind speeds estimated by radar at 318 mph (510 km/h). On May 20, 2013, far southwest Oklahoma City, along with Newcastle and Moore, was hit again by a EF5 tornado; it was 0.5 to 1.3 miles (0.80 to 2.09 km) wide and killed 23 people. Less than two weeks later, on May 31, another outbreak affected the Oklahoma City area, including an EF1 and an EF0 within the city and a tornado several miles west of the city that was 2.6 miles (4.2 km) in width, the widest tornado ever recorded."}], ["Berhubung dengan kartel dadah Mexico, Oklahoma City secara tradisinya menjadi wilayah Ju\u00e1rez Cartel yang terkenal, tetapi Sinaloa Cartel telah dilaporkan sebagai usaha untuk menubuhkan pijakan di Oklahoma City. Terdapat banyak kumpulan saingan di Oklahoma City, yang markasnya telah ditubuhkan di bandar, Locos Southside, yang secara tradisinya dikenali sebagai Sure\u00f1os. <> Apakah kartel apa yang diketahui di bandar Oklahoma? || Ju\u00e1rez Cartel", {"qas": [{"question": "What cartel has been known to be in Oklahoma city?", "id": "56df5ba096943c1400a5d42f", "answers": [{"text": "Ju\u00e1rez Cartel", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "With regards to Mexican drug cartels, Oklahoma City has traditionally been the territory of the notorious Ju\u00e1rez Cartel, but the Sinaloa Cartel has been reported as trying to establish a foothold in Oklahoma City. There are many rival gangs in Oklahoma City, one whose headquarters has been established in the city, the Southside Locos, traditionally known as Sure\u00f1os."}], ["Jabatan Polis Oklahoma, mempunyai tenaga seragam seramai 1,169 pegawai dan 300 pekerja awam. Jabatan ini mempunyai stesen polis pusat dan lima pencawang yang meliputi 2,500 daerah pelapor polis yang bersaiz purata 1/4 mil persegi. <> Berapa banyak pencawang yang ada di bandar Oklahoma? || 5", {"qas": [{"question": "How many substations does Oklahoma city have?", "id": "56df5cdd96943c1400a5d438", "answers": [{"text": "5", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Oklahoma City Police Department, has a uniformed force of 1,169 officers and 300+ civilian employees. The Department has a central police station and five substations covering 2,500 police reporting districts that average 1/4 square mile in size."}], ["Dengan hujan 19.48 inci, Mei 2015 adalah setakat bulan pelepasan basah Oklahoma City sejak pencatatan rekod bermula pada tahun 1890. Di seluruh Oklahoma dan Texas pada umumnya, terdapat rekod banjir di bahagian akhir bulan <> Bilakah hujan yang paling banyak untuk Oklahoma bandar? || Mei 2015", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the most rainfall for Oklahoma city?", "id": "56df56288bc80c19004e4ac9", "answers": [{"text": "May 2015", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "With 19.48 inches of rainfall, May 2015 was by far Oklahoma City's record-wettest month since record keeping began in 1890. Across Oklahoma and Texas generally, there was record flooding in the latter part of the month "}], ["Oklahoma City adalah bandar utama lapan wilayah Daerah Statistik Metropolitan Metropolitan Oklahoma di Central Oklahoma dan merupakan kawasan perbandaran terbesar di negeri ini. Berdasarkan pangkat penduduk, kawasan metropolitan adalah ke-42 terbesar di negara pada 2012. <> Apa kawasan bandar terbesar di Oklahoma? || Oklahoma City <> Apa tempat penduduk bandar Oklahoma berada di peringkat negara pada tahun 2012? || 42hb", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Oklahoma's largest urbanized area?", "id": "56df5a4d8bc80c19004e4aef", "answers": [{"text": "Oklahoma City", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What place was Oklahoma cities population ranked in the nation in 2012?", "id": "56df5a4d8bc80c19004e4af0", "answers": [{"text": "42nd", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City is the principal city of the eight-county Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area in Central Oklahoma and is the state's largest urbanized area. Based on population rank, the metropolitan area was the 42nd largest in the nation as of 2012."}], ["Terdapat 230,233 isi rumah, 29.4% daripadanya mempunyai kanak-kanak di bawah umur 18 tahun dengan mereka, 43.4% pasangan suami isteri yang tinggal bersama, 13.9% mempunyai isi rumah wanita tanpa suami hadir, dan 37.4% bukan keluarga. Satu orang isi rumah menyumbang 30.5% daripada semua isi rumah dan 8.7% daripada semua isi rumah mempunyai seseorang yang tinggal bersendirian yang berumur 65 tahun ke atas. Saiz isi rumah purata adalah 2.47 dan saiz keluarga purata adalah 3.11. <> Berapa banyak isi rumah di bandar Oklahoma? || 230,233 <> Apakah demografi yang paling banyak peratusan isi rumah? || Pasangan yang sudah berkahwin <> Apakah saiz purata untuk isi rumah? || 2.47 <> Apakah saiz purata untuk keluarga? || 3.11 <> Apakah demografi kedua tertinggi bagi isi rumah? || bukan keluarga", {"qas": [{"question": "How many households were in Oklahoma city?", "id": "56df582c96943c1400a5d3e1", "answers": [{"text": "230,233", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What demographic was the most percentage of the households in total?", "id": "56df582c96943c1400a5d3e2", "answers": [{"text": "married couples", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average size for households?", "id": "56df582c96943c1400a5d3e3", "answers": [{"text": "2.47", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average size for families?", "id": "56df582c96943c1400a5d3e4", "answers": [{"text": "3.11", "answer_start": 437}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the second highest demographic for households?", "id": "56df582c96943c1400a5d3e5", "answers": [{"text": "non-families", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There were 230,233 households, 29.4% of which had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% were non-families. One person households account for 30.5% of all households and 8.7% of all households had someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.11."}], ["Pada Banci tahun 2000 komposisi usia Oklahoma City adalah 25.5% di bawah umur 18 tahun, 10.7% dari 18-24, 30.8% dari 25 ke 44, 21.5% dari 45 ke 64, dan 11.5% yang berumur 65 tahun ke atas. Umur median adalah 34 tahun. Bagi setiap 100 wanita terdapat 95.6 jantan. Bagi setiap 100 wanita berumur 18 tahun ke atas, terdapat 92.7 lelaki. <> Apakah Oklahoma bandar-bandar median pada tahun 2000? || 34 <> Jantina mana yang paling menonjol pada masa itu? || perempuan", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Oklahoma cities median age in 2000?", "id": "56df58d38bc80c19004e4ae9", "answers": [{"text": "34", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which gender was prominent in that time?", "id": "56df58d38bc80c19004e4aea", "answers": [{"text": "females", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 2000 Census Oklahoma City's age composition was 25.5% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 95.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males."}], ["Pada 19 April 1995, Bangunan Federal Alfred P. Murrah dimusnahkan oleh bom pupuk yang dikeluarkan dan diletupkan oleh Timothy McVeigh. Kejatuhan letupan dan bencana membunuh 168 orang dan cedera pada 680. Kejutan letupan letupan menghancurkan atau merosakkan 324 bangunan di dalam radius 340 meter, menghancurkan atau membakar 86 kereta, dan kaca pecah di 258 bangunan berhampiran, menyebabkan sekurang-kurangnya anggaran $ 652 juta bernilai kerosakan. Suspect utama - Timothy McVeigh, disempurnakan oleh suntikan maut pada 11 Jun 2001. Ia adalah serangan pengganas domestik yang paling dahsyat dalam sejarah Amerika Syarikat, sebelum 9/11. <> Siapa yang meletupkan bom pada tahun 1995? || Timothy McVeigh <> Berapa banyak orang terbunuh dalam pengeboman itu? || 168 <> Berapa ramai yang cedera dalam pengeboman? || 680 <> Berapa banyak wang yang bernilai kerosakan? || $ 652 juta <> Bilakah Timothy McVeigh Dilaksanakan? || 11 Jun 2001", {"qas": [{"question": "Who detonated the bomb in 1995?", "id": "56df5da88bc80c19004e4b25", "answers": [{"text": "Timothy McVeigh", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were killed in the bombing?", "id": "56df5da88bc80c19004e4b26", "answers": [{"text": "168", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were injured in the bombing?", "id": "56df5da88bc80c19004e4b27", "answers": [{"text": "680", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money was the damage worth?", "id": "56df5da88bc80c19004e4b28", "answers": [{"text": "$652 million", "answer_start": 401}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Timothy McVeigh Executed?", "id": "56df5da88bc80c19004e4b29", "answers": [{"text": "June 11, 2001", "answer_start": 502}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On April 19, 1995, the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building was destroyed by a fertilizer bomb manufactured and detonated by Timothy McVeigh. The blast and catastrophic collapse killed 168 people and injured over 680. The blast shockwave destroyed or damaged 324 buildings within a 340-meter radius, destroyed or burned 86 cars, and shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings, causing at least an estimated $652 million worth of damage. The main suspect- Timothy McVeigh, was executed by lethal injection on June 11, 2001. It was the deadliest single domestic terrorist attack in US history, prior to 9/11."}], ["Sehingga banci 2010, terdapat 579,999 orang, 230,233 isi rumah, dan 144,120 keluarga yang tinggal di bandar. Kepadatan penduduk adalah 956.4 penduduk per mil persegi (321.9 / km\u00b2). Terdapat 256,930 unit rumah pada ketumpatan purata 375.9 satu persegi persegi (145.1 / km\u00b2). <> Berapa ramai orang yang dikira dalam banci 2010? || 579,999 <> Berapa banyak isi rumah dicatatkan dalam banci 2010 || 230,233 isi rumah <> Berapa banyak keluarga yang direkodkan dalam banci 2010? || 144,120 keluarga <> Berapakah kepadatan populasi per mil persegi? || 956.4 <> Berapa banyak unit perumahan yang ada untuk banci 2010? || 256,930", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people were counted in the 2010 census?", "id": "56df570e8bc80c19004e4ad5", "answers": [{"text": "579,999", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many households were recorded in the 2010 census", "id": "56df570e8bc80c19004e4ad6", "answers": [{"text": "230,233 households", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many families were recorded in the 2010 census?", "id": "56df570e8bc80c19004e4ad7", "answers": [{"text": "144,120 families", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the density of the population per square mile?", "id": "56df570e8bc80c19004e4ad8", "answers": [{"text": "956.4", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many housing units were there for the 2010 census?", "id": "56df570e8bc80c19004e4ad9", "answers": [{"text": "256,930", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As of the 2010 census, there were 579,999 people, 230,233 households, and 144,120 families residing in the city. The population density was 956.4 inhabitants per square mile (321.9/km\u00b2). There were 256,930 housing units at an average density of 375.9 per square mile (145.1/km\u00b2)."}], ["Oklahoma City juga mempunyai bahagian jenayah yang sangat kejam, terutama pada tahun 1970-an. Yang terburuk berlaku pada tahun 1978, apabila enam pekerja restoran Sirloin Stockade di sebelah selatan bandar itu dibunuh dengan gaya eksekusi di peti sejuk restoran. Penyiasatan intensif diikuti, dan tiga orang yang terlibat, yang juga membunuh tiga orang lain di Purcell, Oklahoma, telah dikenalpasti. Satu, Harold Stafford, meninggal dalam kemalangan motosikal di Tulsa tidak lama selepas pembunuhan restoran. Satu lagi, Verna Stafford, dihukum mati tanpa parole setelah diberi percubaan baru selepas dia dijatuhi hukuman mati. Roger Dale Stafford, yang dianggap sebagai dalang pembunuhan itu, telah dibunuh oleh suntikan maut di Oklahoma State of Jury pada tahun 1995. <> Bilakah enam pekerja ditemui mati di sebuah restoran beku? || 1978 <> Bilakah Roger Dale Stafford dilaksanakan? || 1995", {"qas": [{"question": "When were six employees found dead in a restaurants freezer?", "id": "56df5ca296943c1400a5d431", "answers": [{"text": "1978", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Roger Dale Stafford executed?", "id": "56df5ca296943c1400a5d433", "answers": [{"text": "1995", "answer_start": 780}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City also has its share of very brutal crimes, particularly in the 1970s. The worst of which occurred in 1978, when six employees of a Sirloin Stockade restaurant on the city's south side were murdered execution-style in the restaurant's freezer. An intensive investigation followed, and the three individuals involved, who also killed three others in Purcell, Oklahoma, were identified. One, Harold Stafford, died in a motorcycle accident in Tulsa not long after the restaurant murders. Another, Verna Stafford, was sentenced to life without parole after being granted a new trial after she had previously been sentenced to death. Roger Dale Stafford, considered the mastermind of the murder spree, was executed by lethal injection at the Oklahoma State Penitentiary in 1995."}], ["Oklahoma City telah mengalami kenaikan penduduk yang signifikan sejak akhir 1990-an. Pada bulan Mei 2014, Banci Amerika Syarikat mengumumkan bahawa Oklahoma City mempunyai anggaran penduduk 620,602 pada 2014 dan ia telah berkembang 5.3 peratus antara April 2010 dan Jun 2013. Sejak Banci rasmi pada tahun 2000, Oklahoma City telah meningkat 21 peratus (114,470 peningkatan mentah ) mengikut anggaran Biro. Anggaran tahun 2014 sebanyak 620,602 adalah penduduk terbesar Oklahoma City yang pernah direkodkan. Ia adalah bandar pertama di negeri ini untuk mencatatkan penduduk lebih daripada 600,000 penduduk dan penduduk perbandaran terbesar di rantau Great Plains (OK, KS, NE, SD, ND). <> Bilakah penduduk meningkat bermula di bandar Oklahoma? || akhir 1990-an <> Apa anggaran penduduk bandar Oklahoma pada tahun 2014 || 620,602", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the population increases begin in Oklahoma city?", "id": "56df59a996943c1400a5d3eb", "answers": [{"text": "late 1990s", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the estimated population of Oklahoma city in 2014", "id": "56df59a996943c1400a5d3ec", "answers": [{"text": "620,602", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City has experienced significant population increases since the late 1990s. In May 2014, the U.S. Census announced Oklahoma City had an estimated population of 620,602 in 2014 and that it had grown 5.3 percent between April 2010 and June 2013. Since the official Census in 2000, Oklahoma City had grown 21 percent (a 114,470 raw increase) according to the Bureau estimates. The 2014 estimate of 620,602 is the largest population Oklahoma City has ever recorded. It is the first city in the state to record a population greater than 600,000 residents and the largest municipal population of the Great Plains region (OK, KS, NE, SD, ND)."}], ["Menurut Dewan Perniagaan Oklahoma City, keluaran ekonomi kawasan metropolitan meningkat sebanyak 33 peratus antara 2001 dan 2005 disebabkan terutamanya oleh kepelbagaian ekonomi. Produk metropolitan kasarnya ialah $ 43.1 bilion pada tahun 2005 dan meningkat kepada $ 61.1 bilion pada tahun 2009. <> Apa bandar metropolitan Oklahoma bandar pada tahun 2009? || $ 61.1 bilion", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Oklahoma cities gross metropolitan product in 2009?", "id": "56df5f728bc80c19004e4b4a", "answers": [{"text": "$61.1 billion", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to the Oklahoma City Chamber of Commerce, the metropolitan area's economic output grew by 33 percent between 2001 and 2005 due chiefly to economic diversification. Its gross metropolitan product was $43.1 billion in 2005 and grew to $61.1 billion in 2009."}], ["Muzium Warisan Kebangsaan Koboi & Barat mempunyai galeri seni barat dan merupakan rumah kepada Hall of Great Western Performers. Sebaliknya, bandar ini juga akan menjadi rumah kepada Pusat Kebudayaan India Amerika dan Muzium yang mula dibina pada tahun 2009 (walaupun penyiapan kemudahan itu diadakan kerana tidak mencukupi pendanaan), di sebelah selatan Interstate 40, tenggara dari Bricktown. <> Bilakah Pusat Kebudayaan dan Muzium Kebudayaan India Amerika mula dibina? || 2009", {"qas": [{"question": "When did The American Indian Cultural Center and Museum begin construction?", "id": "56df62d98bc80c19004e4b88", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum has galleries of western art and is home to the Hall of Great Western Performers. In contrast, the city will also be home to The American Indian Cultural Center and Museum that began construction in 2009 (although completion of the facility has been held up due to insufficient funding), on the south side of Interstate 40, southeast from Bricktown."}], ["Muzium Osteologi menempatkan lebih daripada 300 rangka haiwan sebenar. Memfokuskan pada bentuk dan fungsi sistem rangka, muzium 7,000 kaki persegi (650 m2) ini memaparkan ratusan tengkorak dan rangka dari semua penjuru dunia. Pameran termasuk adaptasi, lokomotif, klasifikasi dan kepelbagaian kerajaan vertebrata. Muzium Osteologi adalah satu-satunya di Amerika. <> Berapa banyak kerangka haiwan di muzium Osteologi? || 300", {"qas": [{"question": "How many animal skeletons are in the museum of Osteology?", "id": "56df625f96943c1400a5d49b", "answers": [{"text": "300", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Museum of Osteology houses more than 300 real animal skeletons. Focusing on the form and function of the skeletal system, this 7,000 sq ft (650 m2) museum displays hundreds of skulls and skeletons from all corners of the world. Exhibits include adaptation, locomotion, classification and diversity of the vertebrate kingdom. The Museum of Osteology is the only one of its kind in America."}], ["Teater-teater lain termasuk Teater Lyric, Teater Jewel Box, Auditorium Kirkpatrick, Teater Poteet, Kolej Komuniti Oklahoma City Bruce Owen Theatre dan 488 tempat duduk Petree Recital Hall, di kampus Universiti Oklahoma City. Universiti ini juga membuka Sekolah Muzik Wanda L Bass dan auditorium pada bulan April 2006. <> Bilakah sekolah muzik dan auditorium Wanda L Bass dibuka? || April 2006", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Wanda L Bass School of Music and auditorium opened?", "id": "56df61968bc80c19004e4b73", "answers": [{"text": "April 2006", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Other theaters include Lyric Theatre, Jewel Box Theatre, Kirkpatrick Auditorium, the Poteet Theatre, the Oklahoma City Community College Bruce Owen Theater and the 488-seat Petree Recital Hall, at the Oklahoma City University campus. The university also opened the Wanda L Bass School of Music and auditorium in April 2006."}], ["Pusat Sejarah Oklahoma adalah muzium sejarah negeri Oklahoma. Terletak di seberang jalan dari rumah agam gabenor di 800 Nazih Zuhdi Drive di timur laut Oklahoma City, muzium dibuka pada tahun 2005 dan dikendalikan oleh Persatuan Sejarah Oklahoma. Ia memelihara sejarah Oklahoma dari zaman prasejarah hingga sekarang. <> Bilakah Pusat Sejarah Oklahoma dibuat? || 2005 <> Siapa yang mengendalikan Pusat Sejarah Oklahoma? || Oklahoma Historical Society <> Dimana Pusat Sejarah Oklahoma terletak? || timur Oklahoma City", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Oklahoma History Center created?", "id": "56df64b396943c1400a5d4d1", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who operates the Oklahoma History Center?", "id": "56df64b396943c1400a5d4d2", "answers": [{"text": "Oklahoma Historical Society", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Oklahoma History Center located?", "id": "56df64b396943c1400a5d4d3", "answers": [{"text": "northeast Oklahoma City", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Oklahoma History Center is the history museum of the state of Oklahoma. Located across the street from the governor's mansion at 800 Nazih Zuhdi Drive in northeast Oklahoma City, the museum opened in 2005 and is operated by the Oklahoma Historical Society. It preserves the history of Oklahoma from the prehistoric to the present day."}], ["Muzium Banjo Amerika yang terletak di daerah Hiburan Bricktown didedikasikan untuk memelihara dan mempromosikan muzik dan warisan alat muzik asli Amerika - banjo. Dengan koleksi yang bernilai $ 3.5 juta ia benar-benar merupakan harta kebangsaan. Pameran yang menafsirkan menceritakan evolusi banjo dari akarnya yang rendah hati dalam perhambaan Amerika, untuk bluegrass, kepada rakyat dan dunia musik. <> Apa alat muzik mempunyai muzium itu sendiri di Oklahoma City? || banjo <> Berapa nilai koleksi di muzium? || $ 3.5 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "What musical instrument has it's own museum in Oklahoma City?", "id": "56df644096943c1400a5d4cd", "answers": [{"text": "the banjo", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much is the collection worth in the museum?", "id": "56df644096943c1400a5d4ce", "answers": [{"text": "$3.5 million", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The American Banjo Museum located in the Bricktown Entertainment district is dedicated to preserving and promoting the music and heritage of America's native musical instrument \u2013 the banjo. With a collection valued at $3.5 million it is truly a national treasure. An interpretive exhibits tells the evolution of the banjo from its humble roots in American slavery, to bluegrass, to folk and world music."}], ["Muzium Sains Oklahoma (dahulunya Kirkpatrick Science and Air Space Museum di Omniplex) menempatkan pameran mengenai sains, penerbangan, dan teater IMAX. Musei itu dahulu bertempat di Dewan Kemasyhuran Fotografi Antarabangsa (IPHF) yang mempamerkan gambar dan artifak dari koleksi kamera dan artifak lain yang memelihara sejarah fotografi. IPHF menghormati mereka yang telah memberikan sumbangan besar kepada seni dan / atau sains fotografi dan berpindah ke St. Louis, Missouri pada tahun 2013. <> Apakah nama asli Muzium Sains Oklahoma? || Muzium Sains dan Angkasa Udara Kirkpatrick di Omniplex <> Bilakah Hall of Fame Photography International dipindahkan? || 2013", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the original name of the Science Museum of Oklahoma?", "id": "56df62218bc80c19004e4b81", "answers": [{"text": "Kirkpatrick Science and Air Space Museum at Omniplex", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the International Photography Hall of Fame relocated?", "id": "56df62218bc80c19004e4b82", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Science Museum Oklahoma (formerly Kirkpatrick Science and Air Space Museum at Omniplex) houses exhibits on science, aviation, and an IMAX theater. The museum formerly housed the International Photography Hall of Fame (IPHF) that exhibits photographs and artifacts from a large collection of cameras and other artifacts preserving the history of photography. IPHF honors those who have made significant contributions to the art and/or science of photography and relocated to St. Louis, Missouri in 2013."}], ["Walaupun tidak tepat di Oklahoma City, majikan besar lain di rantau MSA termasuk: Pangkalan Udara Tinker (27,000); Universiti Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); dan Hospital Wilayah Norman (2,800). <> Berapa banyak universiti di rantau MSA? || 2 <> Hospital apa di rantau MSA || Hospital Serantau Norman <> Berapa banyak pekerja yang bekerja untuk Pangkalan Tentera Udara Tinker? || 27,000 <> Berapa banyak pekerja bekerja untuk Hospital Wilayah Norman? || 2,800 <> Berapa ramai orang bekerja di University of Oklahoma? || 11,900", {"qas": [{"question": "How many universities are within the MSA region?", "id": "56df5e8e96943c1400a5d44d", "answers": [{"text": "2", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What hospital is in the MSA region", "id": "56df5e8e96943c1400a5d44e", "answers": [{"text": "Norman Regional Hospital", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many employees work for Tinker Air Force Base?", "id": "56df5e8e96943c1400a5d44f", "answers": [{"text": "27,000", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many employees work for Norman Regional Hospital?", "id": "56df5e8e96943c1400a5d450", "answers": [{"text": "2,800", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people work in University of Oklahoma?", "id": "56df5e8e96943c1400a5d451", "answers": [{"text": "11,900", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800)."}], ["Pada tahun 2008, majalah Forbes bernama Oklahoma City yang paling \"kemelesetan bandar bukti di Amerika\". Majalah melaporkan bahawa bandar telah jatuh pengangguran, salah satu pasaran perumahan terkuat di negara ini dan pertumbuhan yang kukuh dalam tenaga, pertanian dan pembuatan. Walau bagaimanapun, pada awal tahun 1980-an, Oklahoma City mempunyai salah satu pasaran pekerjaan dan perumahan terburuk kerana kebankrapan Penn Square Bank pada tahun 1982 dan kemudian pasca-1985 kemalangan harga minyak. [Rujukan?] <> Tahun apa senarai forbes Oklahoma City sebagai \"bukti kemelesetan\". || 2008 <> Bilakah Penn Square Bank muflis? || 1982 <> Tahun apakah kemalangan minyak? || 1985", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did forbes list Oklahoma city as \"recession proof\".", "id": "56df5fc18bc80c19004e4b4d", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Penn Square Bank go bankrupt?", "id": "56df5fc18bc80c19004e4b4e", "answers": [{"text": "1982", "answer_start": 399}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the oil crash?", "id": "56df5fc18bc80c19004e4b4f", "answers": [{"text": "1985", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2008, Forbes magazine named Oklahoma City the most \"recession proof city in America\". The magazine reported that the city had falling unemployment, one of the strongest housing markets in the country and solid growth in energy, agriculture and manufacturing. However, during the early 1980s, Oklahoma City had one of the worst job and housing markets due to the bankruptcy of Penn Square Bank in 1982 and then the post-1985 crash in oil prices.[citation needed]"}], ["Memorial Nasional Oklahoma City di bahagian utara bandar raya Oklahoma City dicipta sebagai tulisan di pintu timur Memorial yang berbunyi, \"untuk menghormati para korban, penyelamat, penyelamat, dan semua yang telah berubah selamanya pada 19 April 1995\"; peringatan itu dibina di atas tanah yang dahulu diduduki oleh Kompleks Bangunan Persekutuan Alfred P. Murrah sebelum pengeboman tahun 1995. Memorial Symbolic luar boleh dikunjungi 24 jam sehari secara percuma, dan Muzium Memorial bersebelahan, yang terletak di bekas bangunan Rekod Jurnal yang rosak akibat pengeboman, boleh dimasukkan dengan bayaran yang kecil. Tapak ini juga menjadi rumah kepada Institut Memorial Kebangsaan untuk Pencegahan Keganasan, sebuah tangki pemikir yang bukan partisan, bukan keuntungan yang ditumpukan kepada pencegahan keganasan. <> Apakah nama peringatan Kota Oklahoma? || Memorial Nasional Oklahoma City <> Institut apa yang terletak berhampiran Memorial Nasional Oklahoma City? || Institut Pencegahan Keganasan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of Oklahoma Cities memorial?", "id": "56df63bb96943c1400a5d4bd", "answers": [{"text": "The Oklahoma City National Memorial", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What institute is located near the Oklahoma City National Memorial?", "id": "56df63bb96943c1400a5d4bf", "answers": [{"text": "Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism", "answer_start": 638}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Oklahoma City National Memorial in the northern part of Oklahoma City's downtown was created as the inscription on its eastern gate of the Memorial reads, \"to honor the victims, survivors, rescuers, and all who were changed forever on April 19, 1995\"; the memorial was built on the land formerly occupied by the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building complex prior to its 1995 bombing. The outdoor Symbolic Memorial can be visited 24 hours a day for free, and the adjacent Memorial Museum, located in the former Journal Record building damaged by the bombing, can be entered for a small fee. The site is also home to the National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism, a non-partisan, nonprofit think tank devoted to the prevention of terrorism."}], ["Kelab sukan profesional lain di Oklahoma City termasuk Oklahoma City Dodgers, sekutu Triple-A Los Angeles Dodgers, Oklahoma City Energy FC dari United Soccer League, dan Tentara Salib Oklahoma Rugby Football Club USA Rugby. <> Pasukan apa yang menjadi affiliate kepada Los Angeles Dodgers? || Oklahoma City Dodgers", {"qas": [{"question": "What team is the affiliate to the Los Angeles Dodgers?", "id": "56df685b8bc80c19004e4be7", "answers": [{"text": "Oklahoma City Dodgers", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Other professional sports clubs in Oklahoma City include the Oklahoma City Dodgers, the Triple-A affiliate of the Los Angeles Dodgers, the Oklahoma City Energy FC of the United Soccer League, and the Crusaders of Oklahoma Rugby Football Club USA Rugby."}], ["Acara sukan utama yang lain termasuklah litar perlumbaan kuda Thoroughbred dan Quarter di Remington Park dan banyak persembahan kuda dan acara kuda yang berlaku di tapak pameran negara setiap tahun. Terdapat banyak padang golf dan kelab-kelab negara yang tersebar di sekitar bandar. <> Apa taman tuan rumah balap kuda? || Remington Park <> Di mana acara kuda diselenggarakan? || tapak pameran negeri", {"qas": [{"question": "What park hosts Quarter horse racing?", "id": "56df6d8556340a1900b29b14", "answers": [{"text": "Remington Park", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are equine events hosted?", "id": "56df6d8556340a1900b29b15", "answers": [{"text": "state fairgrounds", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Other major sporting events include Thoroughbred and Quarter horse racing circuits at Remington Park and numerous horse shows and equine events that take place at the state fairgrounds each year. There are numerous golf courses and country clubs spread around the city."}], ["The Oklahoma City Thunder Persatuan Bola Keranjang Kebangsaan (NBA) telah memanggil rumah Oklahoma City sejak musim 2008-09, ketika pemilik Clayton Bennett memindahkan francais dari Seattle, Washington. Thunder memainkan pertandingan di rumah di Chesapeake Energy Arena di pusat bandar Oklahoma City, yang terkenal dengan media nasional sebagai 'The Peake' dan 'Loud City'. The Thunder dikenali dengan beberapa nama samaran, termasuk \"OKC Thunder\" dan hanya \"OKC\", dan maskotnya adalah Rumble the Bison. <> Siapa yang memindahkan Oklahoma City Thunder ke Oklahoma City? || Clayton Bennett <> Apa salah satu julukan Thunders? || OKC <> Apakah maskot Thunders? || Bison", {"qas": [{"question": "Who moved the Oklahoma City Thunder to Oklahoma City?", "id": "56df6ebd5ca0a614008f9a21", "answers": [{"text": "Clayton Bennett", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one of the Thunders nicknames?", "id": "56df6ebd5ca0a614008f9a23", "answers": [{"text": "OKC", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Thunders mascot?", "id": "56df6ebd5ca0a614008f9a24", "answers": [{"text": "Bison", "answer_start": 480}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association (NBA) has called Oklahoma City home since the 2008\u201309 season, when owner Clayton Bennett relocated the franchise from Seattle, Washington. The Thunder plays home games at the Chesapeake Energy Arena in downtown Oklahoma City, known affectionately in the national media as 'the Peake' and 'Loud City'. The Thunder is known by several nicknames, including \"OKC Thunder\" and simply \"OKC\", and its mascot is Rumble the Bison."}], ["Oklahoma City adalah rumah kepada beberapa pasukan sukan profesional, termasuk Oklahoma City Thunder Persatuan Bola Keranjang Kebangsaan. The Thunder adalah francais sukan profesional utama kekal \"kedua\" yang kedua selepas AFL Oklahoma Wranglers yang kini dibatalkan dan merupakan pasukan ketiga liga utama untuk memanggil rumah bandar ketika mempertimbangkan hosting sementara New Orleans / Oklahoma City Hornets untuk 2005 -06 dan 2006-07 NBA musim. <> Apa pasukan NBA berasal dari Oklahoma City? || Thunder", {"qas": [{"question": "What NBA team hails from Oklahoma City?", "id": "56df66e48bc80c19004e4bdb", "answers": [{"text": "Thunder", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City is home to several professional sports teams, including the Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association. The Thunder is the city's second \"permanent\" major professional sports franchise after the now-defunct AFL Oklahoma Wranglers and is the third major-league team to call the city home when considering the temporary hosting of the New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets for the 2005\u201306 and 2006\u201307 NBA seasons."}], ["Oklahoma City adalah tuan rumah tahunan Kejohanan Baseball Big 12, Piala Dunia Softball, dan Kejohanan Dunia Kolej Dunia NCAA tahunan. Bandar ini telah mengadakan pusingan Pertama dan Kedua Bola Keranjang NCAA Lelaki dan menganjurkan Pertandingan Bola Keranjang Big 12 Lelaki dan Wanita pada 2007 dan 2009. Universiti-universiti utama di kawasan itu - University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City University, dan Oklahoma State University - kerap jadual permainan bola keranjang utama dan acara sukan lain di Chesapeake Energy Arena dan Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark, walaupun kebanyakan permainan rumah dimainkan di stadium kampus mereka. <> Apakah satu acara tahunan tuan rumah Oklahoma City? || Kejohanan Besbol Besar 12", {"qas": [{"question": "What is one annual event Oklahoma City hosts?", "id": "56df6d4856340a1900b29b10", "answers": [{"text": "Big 12 Baseball Tournament", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City is the annual host of the Big 12 Baseball Tournament, the World Cup of Softball, and the annual NCAA Women's College World Series. The city has held the 2005 NCAA Men's Basketball First and Second round and hosted the Big 12 Men's and Women's Basketball Tournaments in 2007 and 2009. The major universities in the area \u2013 University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City University, and Oklahoma State University \u2013 often schedule major basketball games and other sporting events at Chesapeake Energy Arena and Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark, although most home games are played at their campus stadiums."}], ["Oklahoma City Thunder telah dianggap oleh penganalisis sukan sebagai salah satu francais elit Persidangan Barat NBA dan media darling sebagai masa depan liga. Oklahoma City telah memenangi gelaran Northwest Division setiap tahun sejak 2009 dan secara konsisten meningkatkan rekod kemenangannya kepada 59 kemenangan pada 2014. The Thunder diketuai oleh jurulatih ketua tahun pertama Billy Donovan dan dilatih oleh beberapa superstar NBA, termasuk titik All-Star dari pengawal Russell Westbrook, 2014 MVP dan juara pemarkahan NBA empat kali Kevin Durant, dan calon pemain Pertahanan Pemain Terbaik dan serge Ibaka peluru berpandu. <> Bilakah Thunder mula memenangi Tajuk Bahagian Barat Laut? || 2009 <> Siapa jurulatih Thunders? || Billy Donovan <> Siapa penjaga titik Thunders? || Russell Westbrook", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Thunder start winning Northwest Division Titles?", "id": "56df6fa75ca0a614008f9a29", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the Thunders head coach?", "id": "56df6fa75ca0a614008f9a2a", "answers": [{"text": "Billy Donovan", "answer_start": 365}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the Thunders point guard?", "id": "56df6fa75ca0a614008f9a2b", "answers": [{"text": "Russell Westbrook", "answer_start": 463}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Oklahoma City Thunder has been regarded by sports analysts as one of the elite franchises of the NBA's Western Conference and that of a media darling as the future of the league. Oklahoma City has earned Northwest Division titles every year since 2009 and has consistently improved its win record to 59-wins in 2014. The Thunder is led by first year head coach Billy Donovan and is anchored by several NBA superstars, including perennial All-Star point guard Russell Westbrook, 2014 MVP and four-time NBA scoring champion Kevin Durant, and Defensive Player of the Year nominee and shot-blocker Serge Ibaka."}], ["Chesapeake Energy Arena di pusat bandar adalah arena serba guna utama di bandar yang menganjurkan konsert, pameran NHL, dan banyak pasukan sukan pro bandar. Pada tahun 2008, Oklahoma City Thunder menjadi penyewa utama. Terletak berdekatan di Bricktown, Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark adalah rumah kepada pasukan besbol di bandar, Dodgers. \"Bata\", seperti yang diketahui secara tempatan, dianggap sebagai salah satu taman liga kecil yang terbaik di negara. [Rujukan?] <> Apakah nama arena pusat bandar itu? || Chesapeake Energy Arena <> Pasukan mana yang menjadi penyewa utama arena pada tahun 2008? || Oklahoma City Thunder <> Apakah nama taman liga kecil yang berhampiran? || Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the downtown arena?", "id": "56df6c9e56340a1900b29b00", "answers": [{"text": "Chesapeake Energy Arena", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which team became the main tenant of the arena in 2008?", "id": "56df6c9e56340a1900b29b01", "answers": [{"text": "Oklahoma City Thunder", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the nearby minor league park?", "id": "56df6c9e56340a1900b29b02", "answers": [{"text": "Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chesapeake Energy Arena in downtown is the principal multipurpose arena in the city which hosts concerts, NHL exhibition games, and many of the city's pro sports teams. In 2008, the Oklahoma City Thunder became the major tenant. Located nearby in Bricktown, the Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark is the home to the city's baseball team, the Dodgers. \"The Brick\", as it is locally known, is considered one of the finest minor league parks in the nation.[citation needed]"}], ["Selepas Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans Hornets NBA (sekarang New Orleans Pelicans) sementara berpindah ke Pusat Ford, memainkan majoriti permainan rumah di sana semasa musim 2005-06 dan 2006-07. Pasukan itu menjadi francais NBA pertama untuk bermain permainan musim reguler di negeri Oklahoma. Pasukan ini dikenali sebagai New Orleans / Oklahoma City Hornets ketika bermain di Oklahoma City. Pasukan itu akhirnya kembali ke New Orleans sepenuh masa untuk musim 2007-08. The Hornets memainkan permainan terakhir mereka di Oklahoma City semasa musim pameran pada 9 Oktober 2007 menentang Houston Rockets. <> Di mana Hornets bermain selepas Badai Katrina? || Ford Center <> Apa pasukan yang bermain menentang Hornets dalam perlawanan terakhir mereka sebelum meninggalkan Oklahoma City? || Rockets Houston", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did the Hornets play after Hurricane Katrina?", "id": "56df70755ca0a614008f9a3b", "answers": [{"text": "Ford Center", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What team played against the Hornets in their final home game before leave Oklahoma City?", "id": "56df70755ca0a614008f9a3d", "answers": [{"text": "Houston Rockets", "answer_start": 627}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, the NBA's New Orleans Hornets (now the New Orleans Pelicans) temporarily relocated to the Ford Center, playing the majority of its home games there during the 2005\u201306 and 2006\u201307 seasons. The team became the first NBA franchise to play regular-season games in the state of Oklahoma.[citation needed] The team was known as the New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets while playing in Oklahoma City. The team ultimately returned to New Orleans full-time for the 2007\u201308 season. The Hornets played their final home game in Oklahoma City during the exhibition season on October 9, 2007 against the Houston Rockets."}], ["Negeri Oklahoma menjadi tuan rumah budaya bola sepak sekolah tinggi yang kompetitif, dengan banyak pasukan di kawasan metropolitan Oklahoma City. Persatuan Aktiviti Sekolah Menengah Oklahoma (OSSAA) menganjurkan bola sepak sekolah tinggi ke lapan kelas yang berbeza berdasarkan saiz pendaftaran sekolah. Bermula dengan yang terbesar, kelas adalah: 6A, 5A, 4A, 3A, 2A, A, B, dan C. Kelas 6A dipecahkan kepada dua bahagian. Sekolah-sekolah kawasan Oklahoma City di bahagian ini termasuk: Edmond North, Mustang, Moore, Yukon, Edmond Memorial, Edmond Santa Fe, Norman Utara, Westmoore, Southmoore, Putnam City North, Norman, Putnam City, Putnam City West, . <> Organisasi apa yang mengatur bola sepak High School? || Persatuan Aktiviti Sekolah Menengah Oklahoma", {"qas": [{"question": "What organization organizes High School football?", "id": "56df6e5156340a1900b29b2c", "answers": [{"text": "Oklahoma Secondary School Activities Association", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The state of Oklahoma hosts a highly competitive high school football culture, with many teams in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. The Oklahoma Secondary School Activities Association (OSSAA) organizes high school football into eight distinct classes based on the size of school enrollment. Beginning with the largest, the classes are: 6A, 5A, 4A, 3A, 2A, A, B, and C. Class 6A is broken into two divisions. Oklahoma City area schools in this division include: Edmond North, Mustang, Moore, Yukon, Edmond Memorial, Edmond Santa Fe, Norman North, Westmoore, Southmoore, Putnam City North, Norman, Putnam City, Putnam City West, U.S. Grant, Midwest City."}], ["Selepas ketibaan Oklahoma City untuk musim 2008-09, Oklahoma City Thunder memperoleh tempat ke-8 (pada ke-8) pada 2010 NBA Playoffs pada tahun berikutnya selepas memuji musim 50 kemenangan pertamanya, memenangi dua perlawanan di pusingan pertama menentang Los Angeles Lakers. Pada tahun 2012, Oklahoma City berjaya ke Final NBA tetapi kalah kepada Miami Heat dalam lima perlawanan. Pada tahun 2013, Thunder mencapai Semifinal Persidangan Barat tanpa pengawal All-Star Russell Westbrook, yang cedera dalam seri pusingan pertama mereka menentang Houston Rockets, hanya kalah kepada Memphis Grizzlies. Pada tahun 2014 Oklahoma City kembali ke Final Persidangan NBA Barat tetapi akhirnya kalah kepada San Antonio Spurs dalam enam perlawanan. <> Tempat mana yang Thunder pada tahun 2010 NBA playoffs? || 8th <> Siapa yang bermain Thunder pada final 2012? || Miami Heat <> Siapa yang kalah Thunder di final Persidangan Barat? || San Antonio Spurs", {"qas": [{"question": "What place were the Thunder in 2010 NBA playoffs?", "id": "56df6f3256340a1900b29b3a", "answers": [{"text": "8th", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the Thunder play in the finals of 2012?", "id": "56df6f3256340a1900b29b3b", "answers": [{"text": "Miami Heat", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the Thunder lose to in the Western Conference finals?", "id": "56df6f3256340a1900b29b3c", "answers": [{"text": "San Antonio Spurs", "answer_start": 671}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After a lackluster arrival to Oklahoma City for the 2008\u201309 season, the Oklahoma City Thunder secured a berth (8th) in the 2010 NBA Playoffs the next year after boasting its first 50-win season, winning two games in the first round against the Los Angeles Lakers. In 2012, Oklahoma City made it to the NBA Finals, but lost to the Miami Heat in five games. In 2013 the Thunder reached the Western Conference semifinals without All-Star guard Russell Westbrook, who was injured in their first round series against the Houston Rockets, only to lose to the Memphis Grizzlies. In 2014 Oklahoma City again reached the NBA's Western Conference Finals but eventually lost to the San Antonio Spurs in six games."}], ["Universiti ketiga terbesar di negeri ini, University of Central Oklahoma, terletak di utara bandaraya di pinggiran Edmond. Oklahoma Christian University, salah sebuah institusi seni liberal swasta negara, terletak di selatan sempadan Edmond, di dalam batas Oklahoma City. <> Universiti mana yang ketiga terbesar di negeri ini? || University of Central Oklahoma <> Universiti swasta mana yang terletak berhampiran sempadan Edmond? || Oklahoma Christian University", {"qas": [{"question": "Which university is the third-largest in the state?", "id": "56df7cd456340a1900b29c28", "answers": [{"text": "University of Central Oklahoma", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which private university is located near the Edmond border?", "id": "56df7cd456340a1900b29c29", "answers": [{"text": "Oklahoma Christian University", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The third-largest university in the state, the University of Central Oklahoma, is located just north of the city in the suburb of Edmond. Oklahoma Christian University, one of the state's private liberal arts institutions, is located just south of the Edmond border, inside the Oklahoma City limits."}], ["Jalan-jalan berjalan kaki dari Lake Hefner dan Lake Overholser di bahagian barat laut bandar raya dan pusat bandar di kanal dan Sungai Oklahoma. Kebanyakan kawasan pantai timur diambil alih oleh taman dan laluan, termasuk taman anjing tanpa leher yang baru dan Bintang dan Stripes Park zaman purba. Danau Stanley Draper adalah tasik terbesar dan paling terpencil di bandar ini. <> Yang mana tasik adalah tasik terbesar di bandar? || Tasik Stanley Draper", {"qas": [{"question": "Which lake is the cities largest lake?", "id": "56df732356340a1900b29b96", "answers": [{"text": "Lake Stanley Draper", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Walking trails line Lake Hefner and Lake Overholser in the northwest part of the city and downtown at the canal and the Oklahoma River. The majority of the east shore area is taken up by parks and trails, including a new leashless dog park and the postwar-era Stars and Stripes Park. Lake Stanley Draper is the city's largest and most remote lake."}], ["Bandar ini adalah rumah kepada beberapa kolej dan universiti. Universiti Oklahoma City, yang dahulunya dikenali sebagai Universiti Epworth, diasaskan oleh United Methodist Church pada 1 September 1904 dan terkenal dengan seni pertunjukan, sains, komunikasi massa, perniagaan, undang-undang, dan program olahraga. OCU mempunyai kampus utama di bahagian tengah-tengah bandaraya, berhampiran kawasan chinatown di bandar ini. Undang-undang OCU terletak di daerah Midtown berhampiran pusat bandar, di bangunan Sekolah Menengah Sekolah lama. <> Apakah nama asal Oklahoma City University? || Epworth University <> Bilakah universiti ditubuhkan? || 1 September 1904", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the original name of Oklahoma City University?", "id": "56df77f456340a1900b29bde", "answers": [{"text": "Epworth University", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the university founded?", "id": "56df77f456340a1900b29bdf", "answers": [{"text": "September 1, 1904", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city is home to several colleges and universities. Oklahoma City University, formerly known as Epworth University, was founded by the United Methodist Church on September 1, 1904 and is renowned for its performing arts, science, mass communications, business, law, and athletic programs. OCU has its main campus in the north-central section of the city, near the city's chinatown area. OCU Law is located in the Midtown district near downtown, in the old Central High School building."}], ["Kota Oklahoma City telah beroperasi di bawah bentuk pengurus majlis kerajaan bandar sejak tahun 1927. Mick Cornett berkhidmat sebagai Datuk Bandar, yang pertama kali dipilih pada tahun 2004, dan dipilih semula pada tahun 2006, 2010, dan 2014. Lapan majlis mewakili masing-masing lapan wad Oklahoma City. Pengurus Kota Jim Couch telah dilantik pada akhir 2000. Couch sebelum ini pernah berkhidmat sebagai penolong pengurus bandar, pengarah dan pengarah-pengarah perbandaran Metropolitan Area Projects (MAPS) sebelum berkhidmat sebagai pengurus bandar. <> Siapa Datuk Bandar Oklahoma City? || Mick Cornett <> Bilakah Mick Cornett dipilih pertama kali? || 2004 <> Siapa pengurus kota? || Jim Couch", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is the mayor of Oklahoma City?", "id": "56df777256340a1900b29bd8", "answers": [{"text": "Mick Cornett", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Mick Cornett first elected?", "id": "56df777256340a1900b29bd9", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the city Manager?", "id": "56df777256340a1900b29bda", "answers": [{"text": "Jim Couch", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The City of Oklahoma City has operated under a council-manager form of city government since 1927. Mick Cornett serves as Mayor, having first been elected in 2004, and re-elected in 2006, 2010, and 2014. Eight councilpersons represent each of the eight wards of Oklahoma City. City Manager Jim Couch was appointed in late 2000. Couch previously served as assistant city manager, Metropolitan Area Projects Plan (MAPS) director and utilities director prior to his service as city manager."}], ["Pada bulan April 2005, Skate Park Oklahoma City di Wiley Post Park dinamakan semula sebagai Taman Sukan Tindakan Mat Hoffman untuk mengiktiraf Mat Hoffman, penduduk Oklahoma City dan ahli perniagaan yang memainkan peranan dalam reka bentuk taman skate dan merupakan BMX 10 kali Juara dunia Vert. Pada Mac 2009, Taman Sukan Aksi Mat Hoffman dinamakan oleh National Travel Society Travel Guide sebagai salah satu daripada \"Sepuluh Terbaik.\" <> Yang mana BMX Champion mempunyai sebuah taman bernama selepas mereka di Oklahoma City? || Mat Hoffman <> Ketika Mat Hoffman Sports Park dianggap salah satu yang terbaik oleh National Geographic Society? || Mac 2009", {"qas": [{"question": "Which BMX Champion had a park named after them in Oklahoma City?", "id": "56df771d5ca0a614008f9acd", "answers": [{"text": "Mat Hoffman", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Mat Hoffman Action Sports Park considered one of the best by National Geographic Society?", "id": "56df771d5ca0a614008f9ace", "answers": [{"text": "March 2009", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In April 2005, the Oklahoma City Skate Park at Wiley Post Park was renamed the Mat Hoffman Action Sports Park to recognize Mat Hoffman, an Oklahoma City area resident and businessman that was instrumental in the design of the skate park and is a 10-time BMX World Vert champion. In March 2009, the Mat Hoffman Action Sports Park was named by the National Geographic Society Travel Guide as one of the \"Ten Best.\""}], ["Salah satu pusat mercu tanda yang lebih menonjol adalah Jambatan Crystal di Myriad Botanical Gardens, sebuah taman bandar pusat bandar yang besar. Direka oleh I. M. Pei, Crystal Bridge adalah konservatori tropika di kawasan itu. Taman ini mempunyai amfiteater yang dikenali sebagai Peringkat Air. Pada tahun 2007, berikutan pengubahsuaian pentas, Oklahoma Shakespeare di Park dipindahkan ke Taman Myriad. The Myriad Gardens akan menjalani pengubahsuaian besar bersempena dengan Menara Devon yang baru dibina di sebelah utaranya. <> Siapa yang merancang jambatan itu? || I. M. Pei <> Apakah nama ampiteater yang terletak di dalam Taman Botani? || Peringkat Air", {"qas": [{"question": "Who designed the bridge?", "id": "56df720156340a1900b29b73", "answers": [{"text": "I. M. Pei", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the amphitheater located inside the Botanical Gardens?", "id": "56df720156340a1900b29b74", "answers": [{"text": "Water Stage", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One of the more prominent landmarks downtown is the Crystal Bridge at the Myriad Botanical Gardens, a large downtown urban park. Designed by I. M. Pei, the Crystal Bridge is a tropical conservatory in the area. The park has an amphitheater, known as the Water Stage. In 2007, following a renovation of the stage, Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park relocated to the Myriad Gardens. The Myriad Gardens will undergo a massive renovation in conjunction with the recently built Devon Tower directly north of it."}], ["Oklahoma City mempunyai taman utama di setiap kuadran bandar, kembali ke pelan induk taman pertama. Will Rogers Park, Lincoln Park, Taman Trosper, dan Woodson Park pernah dihubungkan dengan gelung Grand Boulevard, beberapa bahagian yang tidak lagi wujud. Pusat Alam Taman Martin adalah habitat semulajadi di barat laut Oklahoma City. Will Rogers Park adalah rumah kepada Conservatory Lycan, Rose Garden, dan Butterfly Garden, semuanya dibina di era WPA. Oklahoma City adalah rumah kepada Muzium Banjo Amerika, yang menempatkan koleksi besar banjos yang dihiasi dari awal abad ke-20 dan pameran mengenai sejarah banjo dan tempatnya dalam sejarah Amerika. Konsert dan kuliah juga diadakan di sana. <> Apa tempat mengadakan konsert dan kuliah? || Muzium Banjo Amerika <> Di mana Konservatori Lycan terletak? || Will Rogers Park", {"qas": [{"question": "What place hosts concerts and lectures?", "id": "56df76b656340a1900b29bb7", "answers": [{"text": "American Banjo Museum", "answer_start": 480}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Lycan Conservatory located?", "id": "56df76b656340a1900b29bb8", "answers": [{"text": "Will Rogers Park", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City has a major park in each quadrant of the city, going back to the first parks masterplan. Will Rogers Park, Lincoln Park, Trosper Park, and Woodson Park were once connected by the Grand Boulevard loop, some sections of which no longer exist. Martin Park Nature Center is a natural habitat in far northwest Oklahoma City. Will Rogers Park is home to the Lycan Conservatory, the Rose Garden, and Butterfly Garden, all built in the WPA era. Oklahoma City is home to the American Banjo Museum, which houses a large collection of highly decorated banjos from the early 20th century and exhibits on the history of the banjo and its place in American history. Concerts and lectures are also held there."}], ["University of Oklahoma mempunyai beberapa institusi pengajian tinggi di bandar dan kawasan metropolitan, dengan OU Medicine dan University of Oklahoma Pusat Sains Kesihatan Pusat yang terletak di timur pusat bandar di Oklahoma Pusat Kesihatan daerah, dan kampus utama yang terletak di selatan di pinggir bandar Norman. OU Medicine menganjurkan pusat trauma Tahap Satu sahaja di negeri ini. Pusat Sains Kesihatan OU adalah salah satu daripada pusat perubatan bebas terbesar di negara ini yang mempekerjakan lebih dari 12,000 orang. OU adalah salah satu daripada empat universiti utama di negara ini untuk mengendalikan enam sekolah perubatan. [Klarifikasi diperlukan] <> Daerah mana yang terletak di kampus OU Medicine? || Pusat Kesihatan Oklahoma <> Institusi mana yang menempatkan pusat trauma Tahap Satu? || OU Perubatan <> Lebih kurang berapa orang yang bekerja di Pusat Sains Kesihatan OU? || 12,000", {"qas": [{"question": "Which district is OU Medicine campus located in?", "id": "56df7c4056340a1900b29c16", "answers": [{"text": "Oklahoma Health Center district", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which institution houses the Level-One trauma center?", "id": "56df7c4056340a1900b29c17", "answers": [{"text": "OU Medicine", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Approximately how many people work in OU Health Sciences Center?", "id": "56df7c4056340a1900b29c18", "answers": [{"text": "12,000", "answer_start": 489}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The University of Oklahoma has several institutions of higher learning in the city and metropolitan area, with OU Medicine and the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center campuses located east of downtown in the Oklahoma Health Center district, and the main campus located to the south in the suburb of Norman. The OU Medicine hosting the state's only Level-One trauma center. OU Health Sciences Center is one of the nation's largest independent medical centers, employing more than 12,000 people. OU is one of only four major universities in the nation to operate six medical schools.[clarification needed]"}], ["Kebun Binatang Oklahoma City dan Botanical Garden adalah rumah kepada pelbagai habitat semulajadi, seni bina era lanskap dan landskap, dan menjadi tuan rumah konsert-konsert tur di musim panas di amfiteaternya. Oklahoma City juga mempunyai dua taman hiburan, taman tema Frontier City dan taman air White Water Bay. Frontier City adalah taman hiburan bertema 'Old West'. Taman ini juga menampilkan rekreasi tembak-menembak barat di 'OK Corral' dan banyak kedai yang menyusuri jalan utama bandar \"Barat\". Frontier City juga menganjurkan litar konsert kebangsaan di amfiteaternya pada musim panas. Oklahoma City juga mempunyai pacuan gabungan dan kasino sepanjang tahun, Remington Park, yang menganjurkan kedua-dua musim Quarter horse (Mac-Jun) dan musim Thoroughbred (Ogos - Disember). <> Tempat mana yang menjadi tuan rumah litar perlumbaan dan kasino? || Remington Park <> Taman hiburan mana yang bertema barat? || Frontier City", {"qas": [{"question": "Which place hosts racetracks and is a casino?", "id": "56df72ab5ca0a614008f9a7a", "answers": [{"text": "Remington Park", "answer_start": 648}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which amusement park is western themed? ", "id": "56df72ab5ca0a614008f9a7b", "answers": [{"text": "Frontier City", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Oklahoma City Zoo and Botanical Garden is home to numerous natural habitats, WPA era architecture and landscaping, and hosts major touring concerts during the summer at its amphitheater. Oklahoma City also has two amusement parks, Frontier City theme park and White Water Bay water park. Frontier City is an 'Old West'-themed amusement park. The park also features a recreation of a western gunfight at the 'OK Corral' and many shops that line the \"Western\" town's main street. Frontier City also hosts a national concert circuit at its amphitheater during the summer. Oklahoma City also has a combination racetrack and casino open year-round, Remington Park, which hosts both Quarter horse (March \u2013 June) and Thoroughbred (August \u2013 December) seasons."}], ["Kolej Komuniti Oklahoma City di selatan Oklahoma City adalah kolej komuniti kedua terbesar di negeri ini. Rose State College terletak di timur Oklahoma City di Midwest City suburban. Oklahoma State University-Oklahoma City terletak di \"Daerah Perabot\" di Westside. Northeast of the city adalah Universiti Langston, kolej hitam sejarah negara (HBCU). Langston juga mempunyai kampus bandar di bahagian timur bandar bandar. Universiti Nazarene Selatan, yang diasaskan oleh Gereja Nazarene, adalah sebuah universiti yang terletak di pinggir kota Bethany, yang dikelilingi oleh bandar raya Oklahoma City. <> Kolej komuniti mana yang kedua terbesar di negeri ini? || Kolej Komuniti Oklahoma City <> Universiti yang mana terletak di daerah Perabot? || Oklahoma State University <> Di mana Universiti Southern Nazarene terletak? || Bethany <> yang mengasaskan Universiti Nazarene Selatan || Gereja Nazarene", {"qas": [{"question": "Which community college is the second largest in the state?", "id": "56df7d735ca0a614008f9b25", "answers": [{"text": "Oklahoma City Community College", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which university is located in the Furniture district?", "id": "56df7d735ca0a614008f9b26", "answers": [{"text": "Oklahoma State University", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Southern Nazarene University located?", "id": "56df7d735ca0a614008f9b27", "answers": [{"text": "Bethany", "answer_start": 562}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who founded the Southern Nazarene University", "id": "56df7d735ca0a614008f9b28", "answers": [{"text": "Church of the Nazarene", "answer_start": 502}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City Community College in south Oklahoma City is the second-largest community college in the state. Rose State College is located east of Oklahoma City in suburban Midwest City. Oklahoma State University\u2013Oklahoma City is located in the \"Furniture District\" on the Westside. Northeast of the city is Langston University, the state's historically black college (HBCU). Langston also has an urban campus in the eastside section of the city. Southern Nazarene University, which was founded by the Church of the Nazarene, is a university located in suburban Bethany, which is surrounded by the Oklahoma City city limits."}], ["Sekolah pendidikan kerjaya dan teknologi swasta di Oklahoma City termasuk Institut Teknologi Oklahoma, Kolej Platt, Kolej Vatterott dan Kolej Warisan. Pusat Latihan Dale Rogers di Oklahoma City adalah pusat latihan vokasional bukan keuntungan untuk individu yang kurang upaya. <> Pusat apa yang merupakan pusat latihan bukan untung untuk orang kurang upaya? || Pusat Latihan Dale Rogers", {"qas": [{"question": "What center is a nonprofit training center for disabled people?", "id": "56df805c56340a1900b29c62", "answers": [{"text": "The Dale Rogers Training Center", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Private career and technology education schools in Oklahoma City include Oklahoma Technology Institute, Platt College, Vatterott College, and Heritage College. The Dale Rogers Training Center in Oklahoma City is a nonprofit vocational training center for individuals with disabilities."}], ["Sekolah Oklahoma Sains dan Matematik, sebuah sekolah untuk beberapa murid matematik dan sains yang paling berbakat di negeri ini, juga terletak di Oklahoma City. <> Di mana Sekolah Sains dan Matematik Oklahoma terletak? || Oklahoma City", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is The Oklahoma School of Science and Mathematics located?", "id": "56df7f0156340a1900b29c38", "answers": [{"text": "Oklahoma City", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Oklahoma School of Science and Mathematics, a school for some of the state's most gifted math and science pupils, is also located in Oklahoma City."}], ["Oklahoma City mempunyai beberapa sekolah pendidikan kerjaya dan teknologi awam yang dikaitkan dengan Jabatan Kerjaya dan Teknologi Pendidikan Oklahoma, yang terbesar adalah Pusat Teknologi Metro dan Pusat Teknologi Francis Tuttle. <> Apakah dua sekolah pendidikan teknologi terbesar di Oklahoma City? || Pusat Teknologi Metro dan Pusat Teknologi Francis Tuttle", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the two largest technology education schools in Oklahoma City?", "id": "56df7fd756340a1900b29c56", "answers": [{"text": "Metro Technology Center and Francis Tuttle Technology Center", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City has several public career and technology education schools associated with the Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education, the largest of which are Metro Technology Center and Francis Tuttle Technology Center."}], ["Penerbitan gaya hidup mewah yang dipanggil Slice Magazine diedarkan di seluruh kawasan metropolitan. Di samping itu, ada majalah yang diterbitkan oleh BackWork Design Group yang dipanggil The Edmond Outlook. Ia mengandungi komentar tempatan dan kepentingan minat manusia yang dihantar secara langsung kepada lebih daripada 50,000 penduduk Edmond. <> Apakah nama majalah gaya hidup? || Majalah Slice <> Apakah majalah lain yang diterbitkan di Oklahoma City? || Back40", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the lifestyle magazine?", "id": "56df820b56340a1900b29c94", "answers": [{"text": "Slice Magazine", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another magazine that is published in Oklahoma City?", "id": "56df820b56340a1900b29c95", "answers": [{"text": "Back40", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "An upscale lifestyle publication called Slice Magazine is circulated throughout the metropolitan area. In addition, there is a magazine published by Back40 Design Group called The Edmond Outlook. It contains local commentary and human interest pieces direct-mailed to over 50,000 Edmond residents."}], ["Terdapat banyak akhbar komuniti dan antarabangsa di seluruh dunia yang memenuhi mozek etnik bandar; seperti The Black Chronicle, beribu pejabat di Eastside, OK VIETIMES dan Oklahoma Chinese Times, yang terletak di Daerah Asia, dan pelbagai penerbitan masyarakat Hispanik. The Campus adalah akhbar pelajar di Oklahoma City University. Penerbitan gay termasuk The Gayly Oklahoman. <> Bahagian yang mana ialah Ibu Pejabat Black Chronicles? || Eastside <> Apa akhbar antarabangsa di Daerah Asia? || OK VIETIMES dan Oklahoma Chinese Times <> Apakah nama akhbar pelajar? || Kampus", {"qas": [{"question": "Which side is the Black Chronicles Headquarters?", "id": "56df81b556340a1900b29c8e", "answers": [{"text": "Eastside", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What international newspapers is in the Asia District?", "id": "56df81b556340a1900b29c8f", "answers": [{"text": "OK VIETIMES and Oklahoma Chinese Times", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the student newspaper?", "id": "56df81b556340a1900b29c90", "answers": [{"text": "The Campus", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are numerous community and international newspapers locally that cater to the city's ethnic mosaic; such as The Black Chronicle, headquartered in the Eastside, the OK VIETIMES and Oklahoma Chinese Times, located in Asia District, and various Hispanic community publications. The Campus is the student newspaper at Oklahoma City University. Gay publications include The Gayly Oklahoman."}], ["The Oklahoman adalah akhbar harian utama Oklahoma City dan yang paling banyak diedarkan di negeri ini. NewsOK.com adalah kehadiran dalam talian Oklahoman. Warta Oklahoma adalah berita bebas dari Oklahoma City, memaparkan staples seperti ulasan lokal, cerita, ulasan restoran dan penyenaraian filem dan muzik dan hiburan. Rekod Jurnal adalah akhbar harian harian bandaraya dan okcBIZ adalah penerbitan bulanan yang meliputi berita perniagaan yang mempengaruhi mereka yang tinggal dan bekerja di Central Oklahoma. <> Akhbar mana yang paling banyak dihasilkan melalui negeri Oklahoma? || The Oklahoman <> Apa nama laman web The Oklahoman? || NewsOK.com <> Apa itu Oklahoma City? || Oklahoma Gazette <> Apakah akhbar perniagaan harian Oklahoma City? || Rekod Jurnal", {"qas": [{"question": "Which newspaper is the most produced through the state of Oklahoma?", "id": "56df81465ca0a614008f9b9f", "answers": [{"text": "The Oklahoman", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of The Oklahoman's website?", "id": "56df81465ca0a614008f9ba0", "answers": [{"text": "NewsOK.com", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Oklahoma Cities newsweekly?", "id": "56df81465ca0a614008f9ba1", "answers": [{"text": "Oklahoma Gazette", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Oklahoma Cities daily business newspaper?", "id": "56df81465ca0a614008f9ba2", "answers": [{"text": "The Journal Record", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Oklahoman is Oklahoma City's major daily newspaper and is the most widely circulated in the state. NewsOK.com is the Oklahoman's online presence. Oklahoma Gazette is Oklahoma City's independent newsweekly, featuring such staples as local commentary, feature stories, restaurant reviews and movie listings and music and entertainment. The Journal Record is the city's daily business newspaper and okcBIZ is a monthly publication that covers business news affecting those who live and work in Central Oklahoma."}], ["Walaupun secara teknikal bukan universiti, Pusat Penerbangan Aeronautical Mike Monroney FAA mempunyai banyak aspek dalam institusi pengajian tinggi. Akademi FAA diiktiraf oleh Persatuan Kolej dan Sekolah Pusat North. Institut Perubatan Aerospace Sivil (CAMI) mempunyai bahagian pendidikan perubatan yang bertanggungjawab untuk pendidikan aeromedikal secara amnya serta pendidikan pemeriksa perubatan penerbangan di A.S. dan 93 negara lain. Di samping itu, Akademi Sains Negara menawarkan Program Persahabatan Penyelidikan untuk persahabatan dan geran lain untuk penyelidikan CAMI. <> Institusi apa yang diiktiraf oleh Persatuan Kolej dan Sekolah Pusat Utara? || Pusat Aeronautik Mike Monroney", {"qas": [{"question": "What institution is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools?", "id": "56df7e2356340a1900b29c2c", "answers": [{"text": "Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although technically not a university, the FAA's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center has many aspects of an institution of higher learning. Its FAA Academy is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. Its Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) has a medical education division responsible for aeromedical education in general as well as the education of aviation medical examiners in the U.S. and 93 other countries. In addition, The National Academy of Science offers Research Associateship Programs for fellowship and other grants for CAMI research."}], ["Oklahoma City adalah rumah kepada beberapa pelopor dalam penyiaran radio dan televisyen. WKY Radio Oklahoma City adalah stesen radio pertama yang memancarkan barat Sungai Mississippi dan stesen radio ketiga di Amerika Syarikat. WKY menerima lesen persekutuannya pada tahun 1921 dan terus menyiarkan surat panggilan yang sama sejak tahun 1922. Pada tahun 1928, WKY dibeli oleh E.K. Oklahoma Publishing Company Gaylord dan bergabung dengan Rangkaian NBC Merah; pada tahun 1949, WKY-TV (saluran 4) pergi ke udara dan kemudian menjadi stesen televisyen pertama yang dimiliki secara bebas di A.S. untuk menyiarkan warna. Pada pertengahan tahun 2002, radio WKY dibeli secara langsung oleh Citadel Broadcasting, yang dibeli oleh Penyiaran Cumulus pada tahun 2011. Keluarga Gaylord sebelum ini menjual WKY-TV pada tahun 1976, yang telah melalui penggantian pemilik (sekarang KFOR-TV kini dimiliki oleh Tribune Broadcasting pada Disember 2013). <> Apakah Stesen Radio ketiga di Amerika Syarikat? || WKY Radio <> Bilakah WKY diberikan lesen persekutuan? || 1921 <> Bilakah E.K. Gaylord's Oklahoma Publishing Compan membeli Radio WKY? || 1928 <> Apakah stesen sekarang dipanggil? || KFOR-TV", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the third Radio Station in the US?", "id": "56df837656340a1900b29cb2", "answers": [{"text": "WKY Radio", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was WKY granted a federal license?", "id": "56df837656340a1900b29cb3", "answers": [{"text": "1921", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did E.K. Gaylord's Oklahoma Publishing Compan buy WKY Radio?", "id": "56df837656340a1900b29cb4", "answers": [{"text": "1928", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the current station called?", "id": "56df837656340a1900b29cb5", "answers": [{"text": "KFOR-TV", "answer_start": 828}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City was home to several pioneers in radio and television broadcasting. Oklahoma City's WKY Radio was the first radio station transmitting west of the Mississippi River and the third radio station in the United States. WKY received its federal license in 1921 and has continually broadcast under the same call letters since 1922. In 1928, WKY was purchased by E.K. Gaylord's Oklahoma Publishing Company and affiliated with the NBC Red Network; in 1949, WKY-TV (channel 4) went on the air and later became the first independently owned television station in the U.S. to broadcast in color. In mid-2002, WKY radio was purchased outright by Citadel Broadcasting, who was bought out by Cumulus Broadcasting in 2011. The Gaylord family earlier sold WKY-TV in 1976, which has gone through a succession of owners (what is now KFOR-TV is currently owned by Tribune Broadcasting as of December 2013)."}], ["Rangkaian televisyen siaran utama A.S. mempunyai sekutu di pasaran Oklahoma City (menduduki tempat ke-41 untuk televisyen oleh Nielsen dan ke-48 untuk radio oleh Arbitron, meliputi kawasan 34-daerah yang melayani bahagian tengah, utara-tengah dan barat-tengah Oklahoma); termasuk affiliate NBC KFOR-TV (saluran 4), ABC affiliate KOCO-TV (saluran 5), CBS affiliate KWTV-DT (saluran 9, perdana Griffin Communications yang berpangkalan di tempatan), stesen PBS KETA- daripada rangkaian anggota OETA yang dikendalikan oleh kerajaan), Fox affiliate KOKH-TV (channel 25), KWSP affiliate KOCB (saluran 34), stesen bebas KAUT-TV (saluran 43), MyBetworkTV affiliate KSBI-TV (channel 52) Stesen televisyen yang dimiliki dan dikendalikan KOPX-TV (saluran 62). Pasaran ini juga menjadi rumah kepada beberapa stesen agama termasuk stesen yang dimiliki dan dikendalikan oleh TBN KTBO-TV (saluran 14) dan stesen yang dimiliki dan dikendalikan oleh Daystar, KOCM (saluran 46). <> Apakah pangkatnya adalah rangkaian televisyen Oklahoma untuk Nielsen? || 41st <> Berapa banyak daerah yang dilindungi Oklahoma Network Networks? || 34", {"qas": [{"question": "What rank is Oklahoma Cities television networks for Nielsen?", "id": "56df858f56340a1900b29cdc", "answers": [{"text": "41st", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many counties does Oklahoma Cities Networks cover?", "id": "56df858f56340a1900b29cdd", "answers": [{"text": "34", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The major U.S. broadcast television networks have affiliates in the Oklahoma City market (ranked 41st for television by Nielsen and 48th for radio by Arbitron, covering a 34-county area serving the central, northern-central and west-central sections Oklahoma); including NBC affiliate KFOR-TV (channel 4), ABC affiliate KOCO-TV (channel 5), CBS affiliate KWTV-DT (channel 9, the flagship of locally based Griffin Communications), PBS station KETA-TV (channel 13, the flagship of the state-run OETA member network), Fox affiliate KOKH-TV (channel 25), CW affiliate KOCB (channel 34), independent station KAUT-TV (channel 43), MyNetworkTV affiliate KSBI-TV (channel 52), and Ion Television owned-and-operated station KOPX-TV (channel 62). The market is also home to several religious stations including TBN owned-and-operated station KTBO-TV (channel 14) and Norman-based Daystar owned-and-operated station KOCM (channel 46)."}], ["Oklahoma City adalah rumah kepada daerah sekolah terbesar di negeri ini, Oklahoma City Public Schools. Pengajian Sekolah Kelas Pengajian Tinggi dan Sekolah Tinggi Pengajian Tinggi Sekolah Menengah adalah tinggi di kalangan sekolah-sekolah awam secara nasional mengikut formula yang melihat bilangan Penempatan Lanjutan, Baccalaureate Antarabangsa dan / atau ujian Cambridge yang diambil oleh pelajar sekolah yang dibahagikan dengan bilangan tamat pengajian senior. Di samping itu, OKCPS's Belle Isle Enterprise Middle School dinamakan sekolah menengah atas di negeri ini mengikut Indeks Prestasi Akademik, dan baru-baru ini telah menerima Anugerah Sekolah Riben Biru, pada tahun 2004 dan sekali lagi pada tahun 2011. Sekolah Penyediaan Kuliah Pencapaian Sekolah KIPP di Oklahoma City 2012 Blue Ribbon Nasional bersama dengan pemimpin sekolahnya, Tracy McDaniel Sr., dianugerahi Anugerah Terrel H. Bell untuk Kepimpinan Cemerlang. <> Apakah daerah sekolah terbesar di Oklahoma? || Sekolah-sekolah Awam Oklahoma City <> Tahun berapa sekolah persediaan KIPP Reach College memenangi Anugerah Riben Biru Kebangsaan? || 2012", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Oklahoma's largest school district?", "id": "56df7ee45ca0a614008f9b55", "answers": [{"text": "Oklahoma City Public Schools", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did KIPP Reach College Preparatory School win the National Blue Ribbon Award?", "id": "56df7ee45ca0a614008f9b57", "answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 720}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City is home to the state's largest school district, Oklahoma City Public Schools. The district's Classen School of Advanced Studies and Harding Charter Preparatory High School rank high among public schools nationally according to a formula that looks at the number of Advanced Placement, International Baccalaureate and/or Cambridge tests taken by the school's students divided by the number of graduating seniors. In addition, OKCPS's Belle Isle Enterprise Middle School was named the top middle school in the state according to the Academic Performance Index, and recently received the Blue Ribbon School Award, in 2004 and again in 2011. KIPP Reach College Preparatory School in Oklahoma City received the 2012 National Blue Ribbon along with its school leader, Tracy McDaniel Sr., being awarded the Terrel H. Bell Award for Outstanding Leadership."}], ["Oklahoma City adalah titik integral di Rangkaian Interstate Amerika Syarikat, dengan tiga lebuh raya utama antara negara - Interstate 35, Interstate 40, dan Interstate 44 - memecahkan bandar. Interstate 240 menghubungkan Interstate 40 dan Interstate 44 di selatan Oklahoma City, manakala Interstate 235 melonjak dari Interstate 44 di utara-tengah Oklahoma City ke pusat bandar. <> Berapa banyak lebuh raya utama menyeberangi Oklahoma City? || 3", {"qas": [{"question": "How many major highways cross through Oklahoma City?", "id": "56df86855ca0a614008f9c1d", "answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City is an integral point on the United States Interstate Network, with three major interstate highways \u2013 Interstate 35, Interstate 40, and Interstate 44 \u2013 bisecting the city. Interstate 240 connects Interstate 40 and Interstate 44 in south Oklahoma City, while Interstate 235 spurs from Interstate 44 in north-central Oklahoma City into downtown."}], ["Oklahoma City dan kawasan metropolitan sekitarnya adalah rumah kepada beberapa kemudahan penjagaan kesihatan dan hospital khusus. Di MidTown, daerah MidTown, Oklahoma, terletak di hospital bandar tapak tertua dan terbesar di negeri ini, Hospital St. Anthony dan Pusat Perubatan. <> Apakah hospital tertua dan terbesar di negeri ini? || Pusat Perubatan dan Pakar Perubatan St Anthony", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the states oldest and largest Hospital?", "id": "56df89ec4a1a83140091eb0a", "answers": [{"text": "St. Anthony Hospital and Physicians Medical Center", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City and the surrounding metropolitan area are home to a number of health care facilities and specialty hospitals. In Oklahoma City's MidTown district near downtown resides the state's oldest and largest single site hospital, St. Anthony Hospital and Physicians Medical Center."}], ["Oklahoma City juga mempunyai beberapa lebuh raya kebangsaan dan negeri utama dalam batas bandarnya. Shields Boulevard (US-77) terus dari E.K. Gaylord Boulevard di pusat bandar Oklahoma City dan berjalan ke selatan akhirnya menyambung ke I-35 berhampiran pinggir bandar Moore. Northwest Expressway (Oklahoma State Highway 3) berjalan dari North Classen Boulevard di utara-tengah Oklahoma City ke pinggir barat laut. <> Jalan boulevard apa yang menjadi E.K Gaylord Boulevard? || Shields Boulevard", {"qas": [{"question": "What boulevard turns into E.K Gaylord Boulevard?", "id": "56df877c5ca0a614008f9c1f", "answers": [{"text": "Shields Boulevard", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City also has several major national and state highways within its city limits. Shields Boulevard (US-77) continues from E.K. Gaylord Boulevard in downtown Oklahoma City and runs south eventually connecting to I-35 near the suburb of Moore. Northwest Expressway (Oklahoma State Highway 3) runs from North Classen Boulevard in north-central Oklahoma City to the northwestern suburbs."}], ["OU Medicine, sebuah institusi perubatan akademik yang terletak di kampus The University of Oklahoma Pusat Sains Kesihatan, adalah rumah kepada Pusat Perubatan OU. OU Medicine mengendalikan pusat trauma satu-satunya Oklahoma di Pusat Perubatan OU dan pusat satu-satunya pusat trauma bagi kanak-kanak di Hospital Kanak-kanak di OU Medicine, kedua-duanya terletak di daerah Pusat Kesihatan Oklahoma. Kemudahan perubatan lain yang dikendalikan oleh UU Perubatan termasuk Pakar Perubatan OU dan Pakar Kanak-kanak OU, Kolej Perubatan OU, Pusat Kanser Oklahoma dan Pusat Perubatan OU Edmond, yang terletak di pinggir utara Edmond. <> Dimana hospital Kanak-kanak terletak? || Daerah Pusat Kesihatan Oklahoma", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the Children's hospital located?", "id": "56df8a9638dc42170015202b", "answers": [{"text": "Oklahoma Health Center district", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "OU Medicine, an academic medical institution located on the campus of The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, is home to OU Medical Center. OU Medicine operates Oklahoma's only level-one trauma center at the OU Medical Center and the state's only level-one trauma center for children at Children's Hospital at OU Medicine, both of which are located in the Oklahoma Health Center district. Other medical facilities operated by OU Medicine include OU Physicians and OU Children's Physicians, the OU College of Medicine, the Oklahoma Cancer Center and OU Medical Center Edmond, the latter being located in the northern suburb of Edmond."}], ["Pada Disember 2009, pemilih Oklahoma City meluluskan MAPS 3, inisiatif $ 777 juta (7 tahun 1 peratus), yang termasuk pembiayaan (appx $ 130M) untuk anggaran 5 hingga 6 batu (8.0 hingga 9.7 km) trem moden di pusat bandar Oklahoma City dan penubuhan hab transit. Adalah dipercayai bahawa trem akan memulakan pembinaan pada 2014 dan beroperasi sekitar 2017. <> Bilakah MAPS 3 diluluskan? || Disember 2009 <> Berapakah kos MAPS 3? || $ 777 juta <> Berapa tahun perlu kereta jalanan itu beroperasi? || 2017", {"qas": [{"question": "When was MAPS 3 passed?", "id": "56df89684a1a83140091eb02", "answers": [{"text": "December 2009", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much will MAPS 3 cost?", "id": "56df89684a1a83140091eb03", "answers": [{"text": "$777 million", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year should the streetcar become operable?", "id": "56df89684a1a83140091eb04", "answers": [{"text": "2017", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On December 2009, Oklahoma City voters passed MAPS 3, the $777 million (7-year 1-cent tax) initiative, which will include funding (appx $130M) for an estimated 5-to-6-mile (8.0 to 9.7 km) modern streetcar in downtown Oklahoma City and the establishment of a transit hub. It is believed the streetcar would begin construction in 2014 and be in operation around 2017."}], ["Lebuhraya negeri utama melalui bandar termasuk Lake Hefner Parkway (SH-74), Kilpatrick Turnpike, Jalan Lapangan Terbang (SH-152), dan Broadway Extension (US-77) yang berterusan dari I-235 menghubungkan Central Oklahoma City ke Edmond. Lake Hefner Parkway berjalan melalui barat laut Oklahoma City, sementara Lapangan Terbang Jalan berjalan melalui barat daya Oklahoma City dan mengarah ke Lapangan Terbang Will Rogers World. Pusingan Kilpatrick Turnpike di sekitar utara dan barat Oklahoma City. <> Apakah salah satu lebuh raya Utama yang bergerak melalui Oklahoma City? || Lake Hefner Parkway", {"qas": [{"question": "What is one Major expressway that travels through Oklahoma City?", "id": "56df870c56340a1900b29cfe", "answers": [{"text": "Lake Hefner Parkway", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Major state expressways through the city include Lake Hefner Parkway (SH-74), the Kilpatrick Turnpike, Airport Road (SH-152), and Broadway Extension (US-77) which continues from I-235 connecting Central Oklahoma City to Edmond. Lake Hefner Parkway runs through northwest Oklahoma City, while Airport Road runs through southwest Oklahoma City and leads to Will Rogers World Airport. The Kilpatrick Turnpike loops around north and west Oklahoma City."}], ["Oklahoma City dilayani oleh dua lapangan terbang utama, Will Rogers World Airport dan Lapangan Terbang Wiley Post yang lebih kecil (secara kebetulan, kedua-dua penghormatan meninggal dunia dalam kemalangan pesawat yang sama di Alaska) Will Rogers World Airport adalah lapangan terbang komersil tersibuk negara, dengan lebih dari 3.6 juta penumpang setiap tahun. Pangkalan Tentera Udara Tinker, di tenggara Oklahoma City, adalah depot udara ketenteraan yang terbesar di negara ini; kemudahan penyelenggaraan dan penempatan utama untuk Angkatan Laut dan Angkatan Udara, dan institusi ketenteraan kedua terbesar di negeri ini (selepas Fort Sill di Lawton). <> Lapangan terbang mana yang paling sibuk? || Akankah Lapangan Terbang Dunia Rogers <> Berapa banyak orang yang berkunjung ke Lapangan Terbang Will Rogers World setiap tahun? || 3.6 juta <> Berapa nama pangkalan tentera terbesar di negara ini? || Pangkalan Tentera Udara Tinker", {"qas": [{"question": "Which airport is the busiest?", "id": "56df882f56340a1900b29d1d", "answers": [{"text": "Will Rogers World Airport", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people travel through Will Rogers World Airport each year?", "id": "56df882f56340a1900b29d1e", "answers": [{"text": "3.6 million", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the largest military base in the nation?", "id": "56df882f56340a1900b29d1f", "answers": [{"text": "Tinker Air Force Base", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City is served by two primary airports, Will Rogers World Airport and the much smaller Wiley Post Airport (incidentally, the two honorees died in the same plane crash in Alaska) Will Rogers World Airport is the state's busiest commercial airport, with over 3.6 million passengers annually. Tinker Air Force Base, in southeast Oklahoma City, is the largest military air depot in the nation; a major maintenance and deployment facility for the Navy and the Air Force, and the second largest military institution in the state (after Fort Sill in Lawton)."}], ["INTEGRIS Health mempunyai beberapa hospital, termasuk INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Centre, INTEGRIS Cancer Institute of Oklahoma, dan INTEGRIS Southwest Medical Centre. INTEGRIS Health mengendalikan hospital, pusat pemulihan, klinik doktor, kemudahan kesihatan mental, pusat hidup bebas dan agensi kesihatan rumah yang terletak di seluruh kawasan Oklahoma. Pusat Perubatan Baptis INTEGRIS dinamakan dalam senarai Hospital Terbaik di Amerika Syarikat. Pusat Perubatan Baptis INTEGRIS berpangkat tinggi dalam kategori berikut: Kardiologi dan Pembedahan Jantung; Diabetes dan Endokrinologi; Telinga, Hidung dan Tekak; Gastroenterology; Geriatrik; Nefrologi; Ortopedik; Pulmonologi dan Urologi. <> Nama hospital yang dimiliki oleh INTEGRIS Health? || INTEGRIS Pusat Perubatan Pembaptis <> Bilakah Pusat Perubatan Baptis INTEGRIS sebahagian daripada Senarai U.S Berita dan Dunia yang terbaik senarai Hospital? || 2012", {"qas": [{"question": "Name a hospital owned by INTEGRIS Health?", "id": "56df8b2d4a1a83140091eb16", "answers": [{"text": "INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center part of U.S News and World Reports best Hospitals list?", "id": "56df8b2d4a1a83140091eb17", "answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "INTEGRIS Health owns several hospitals, including INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center, the INTEGRIS Cancer Institute of Oklahoma, and the INTEGRIS Southwest Medical Center. INTEGRIS Health operates hospitals, rehabilitation centers, physician clinics, mental health facilities, independent living centers and home health agencies located throughout much of Oklahoma. INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center was named in U.S. News & World Report's 2012 list of Best Hospitals. INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center ranks high-performing in the following categories: Cardiology and Heart Surgery; Diabetes and Endocrinology; Ear, Nose and Throat; Gastroenterology; Geriatrics; Nephrology; Orthopedics; Pulmonology and Urology."}], ["METRO Transit adalah syarikat transit awam di bandar ini. Terminal pemindahan utama terletak di pusat bandar di NW 5th Street dan Hudson Avenue. METRO Transit mengekalkan liputan terhad grid jalan utama bandar dengan menggunakan sistem hub dan cakera dari terminal utama, menjadikan banyak perjalanan tidak praktikal kerana bilangan laluan bas yang agak kecil dan kebanyakan perjalanan memerlukan pemindahan di pusat bandar. Bandar telah menyedari bahawa transit sebagai isu utama bagi bandar yang berkembang pesat dan bandar bandar dan telah memulakan beberapa kajian sejak kebelakangan ini untuk memperbaiki sistem bas yang sedia ada bermula dengan rancangan yang dikenali sebagai Kajian Pedoman Tetap. Kajian ini mengenal pasti beberapa laluan transit komuter yang berpotensi dari pinggir bandar ke OKC pusat bandar serta laluan bas dan / atau kereta api penyepit di seluruh bandar. <> Apakah syarikat transit Oklahoma City? || METRO Transit <> Apakah nama rancangan yang sedang dibuat untuk meningkatkan sistem bas? || Pengajian Guideway Tetap", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Oklahoma Cities transit company?", "id": "56df88ca4a1a83140091eafe", "answers": [{"text": "METRO Transit", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the plan that is being made to enhance the bus system?", "id": "56df88ca4a1a83140091eaff", "answers": [{"text": "Fixed Guideway Study", "answer_start": 617}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "METRO Transit is the city's public transit company. The main transfer terminal is located downtown at NW 5th Street and Hudson Avenue. METRO Transit maintains limited coverage of the city's main street grid using a hub-and-spoke system from the main terminal, making many journeys impractical due to the rather small number of bus routes offered and that most trips require a transfer downtown. The city has recognized that transit as a major issue for the rapidly growing and urbanizing city and has initiated several studies in recent times to improve upon the existing bus system starting with a plan known as the Fixed Guideway Study. This study identified several potential commuter transit routes from the suburbs into downtown OKC as well as feeder-line bus and/or rail routes throughout the city."}], ["Oklahoma City dilindungi oleh Jabatan Bomba Oklahoma City (OKCFD), yang menggunakan 1015 ahli bomba profesional yang dibayar. Ketua Jabatan saat ini adalah G. Keith Bryant, jabatan itu juga diperintahkan oleh tiga Timbalan Ketua, yang - bersama dengan ketua jabatan - mengawasi biro Perkhidmatan Operasi, Pencegahan, dan Layanan Sokongan. OKCFD kini beroperasi di 37 stesen api, yang terletak di seluruh bandar dalam enam batalion. OKCFD juga mengendalikan armada radar kebakaran sebanyak 36 enjin (termasuk 30 enjin paramedik), 13 tangga, 16 unit rondaan berus, enam tangki air, dua unit bahan berbahaya, satu Unit Penyelamat Teknikal, satu Unit Bekalan Udara, enam Unit Penyiasatan Arson, dan satu Unit Pemulihan. Setiap enjin dilengkapi dengan pemandu, pegawai, dan satu hingga dua anggota bomba, manakala setiap syarikat tangga dikendalikan dengan pemandu, pegawai, dan seorang ahli bomba. Kakitangan minimum per shift ialah 213 kakitangan. Jabatan Bomba Oklahoma City bertindak balas kepada lebih daripada 70,000 panggilan kecemasan setiap tahun. <> Berapa banyak orang yang dibayar untuk digunakan oleh Jabatan Bomba Oklahoma City? || 1015 <> Siapa yang kini Ketua Jabatan? || G. Keith Bryant <> Berapa banyak penembakan di sana? || 37 <> Berapa banyak panggilan kecemasan dibuat setiap tahun? || 70,000", {"qas": [{"question": "How many  people are paid to be employed by the Oklahoma City Fire department?", "id": "56df864b5ca0a614008f9c0f", "answers": [{"text": "1015", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is currently the Chief of the department?", "id": "56df864b5ca0a614008f9c10", "answers": [{"text": "G. Keith Bryant", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many firestations are there?", "id": "56df864b5ca0a614008f9c11", "answers": [{"text": "37", "answer_start": 395}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many emergency calls are made yearly?", "id": "56df864b5ca0a614008f9c12", "answers": [{"text": "70,000", "answer_start": 1008}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oklahoma City is protected by the Oklahoma City Fire Department (OKCFD), which employs 1015 paid, professional firefighters. The current Chief of Department is G. Keith Bryant, the department is also commanded by three Deputy Chiefs, who \u2013 along with the department chief \u2013 oversee the Operational Services, Prevention Services, and Support Services bureaus. The OKCFD currently operates out of 37 fire stations, located throughout the city in six battalions. The OKCFD also operates a fire apparatus fleet of 36 engines (including 30 paramedic engines), 13 ladders, 16 brush patrol units, six water tankers, two hazardous materials units, one Technical Rescue Unit, one Air Supply Unit, six Arson Investigation Units, and one Rehabilitation Unit. Each engine is staffed with a driver, an officer, and one to two firefighters, while each ladder company is staffed with a driver, an officer, and one firefighter. Minimum staffing per shift is 213 personnel. The Oklahoma City Fire Department responds to over 70,000 emergency calls annually."}], ["Pusat Perubatan Wilayah Midwest terletak di pinggir bandar Midwest City; Hospital besar lain di bandar termasuk Hospital Jantung Oklahoma dan Pusat Kesihatan Mercy. Terdapat 347 doktor untuk setiap 100,000 orang di bandar. <> Di mana Pusat Perubatan Serantau Midwest? || Midwest City <> Berapa banyak doktor yang ada di setiap 100,000 orang? || 347", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the Midwest Regional Medical Center?", "id": "56df8b7d38dc42170015202e", "answers": [{"text": "Midwest City", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many doctors are there per 100,000 people?", "id": "56df8b7d38dc42170015202f", "answers": [{"text": "347", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Midwest Regional Medical Center located in the suburb of Midwest City; other major hospitals in the city include the Oklahoma Heart Hospital and the Mercy Health Center. There are 347 physicians for every 100,000 people in the city."}], ["Di peringkat tahunan Perubatan Sukan Amerika di 50 kawasan metropolitan Amerika yang paling ramai penduduk berdasarkan kesihatan masyarakat, Oklahoma City mengambil tempat terakhir pada tahun 2010, jatuh lima tempat dari kedudukannya pada tahun 2009. Laporan ACSM, yang diterbitkan sebagai sebahagian daripada program Indeks Kecergasan Amerika, yang disebutkan, antara lain, pemakanan yang tidak memuaskan penduduk, tahap kecergasan fizikal yang rendah, insiden obesiti, kencing manis dan penyakit kardiovaskular yang lebih tinggi daripada purata kebangsaan, akses rendah ke kemudahan rekreasi seperti kolam renang dan berlian besbol, kekurangan taman dan pelaburan yang rendah oleh bandar dalam pembangunan mereka, peratusan isi rumah yang tinggi di bawah tahap kemiskinan, dan kekurangan kurikulum pendidikan jasmani yang dikehendaki oleh negara sebagai faktor penyumbang. <> Kedudukan Apa yang Oklahoma City dalam untuk American College of Sports Medicine pada tahun 2010? || tempat terakhir", {"qas": [{"question": "What ranking was Oklahoma City in for the American College of Sports Medicine in 2010?", "id": "56df8c3638dc421700152032", "answers": [{"text": "last place", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the American College of Sports Medicine's annual ranking of the United States' 50 most populous metropolitan areas on the basis of community health, Oklahoma City took last place in 2010, falling five places from its 2009 rank of 45. The ACSM's report, published as part of its American Fitness Index program, cited, among other things, the poor diet of residents, low levels of physical fitness, higher incidences of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease than the national average, low access to recreational facilities like swimming pools and baseball diamonds, the paucity of parks and low investment by the city in their development, the high percentage of households below the poverty level, and the lack of state-mandated physical education curriculum as contributing factors."}]], [["Hanya beberapa masyarakat kontemporari diklasifikasikan sebagai pemburu-pemburu, dan banyak menambah aktiviti mencari makan mereka dengan hortikultur dan / atau menjaga haiwan. <> Berapa banyak kumpulan pemburu moden yang ada di sana? || Hanya beberapa <> Apa yang digunakan oleh pemburu-pemburu moden untuk menghasilkan makanan sebagai tambahan kepada perhimpunan? || hortikultur dan / atau menjaga hewan <> Siapa yang menggunakan pemborongan pertanian dan haiwan untuk menambah makanan mereka? || pemburu-pengumpul <> Selain pertanian, bagaimana pengumpul menambah bekalan makanan mereka? || menjaga haiwan <> Selain haiwan peliharaan, bagaimana pengumpul makan makanan mereka? || hortikultura <> Semua masyarakat kontemporari diklasifikasikan sebagai apa? || <> Masyarakat mana yang menggantikan makanan dengan hortikultur dan / atau menjaga haiwan? || <> Hanya beberapa masyarakat kuno dikelaskan sebagai apa? || <> Semua masyarakat menambah aktiviti pemakanan mereka dengan apa? || <> Berapa banyak masyarakat purba menyimpan haiwan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many groups of modern hunter-gatherers are there?", "id": "56df47ad8bc80c19004e49eb", "answers": [{"text": "Only a few", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do modern hunter-gatherers use to produce food in addition to gathering?", "id": "56df47ad8bc80c19004e49ec", "answers": [{"text": "horticulture and/or keeping animals", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who uses agriculture and animal domestication to supplement their food?", "id": "56df47ad8bc80c19004e49ed", "answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides  agriculture, how do gatherers add to their food supply?", "id": "56df47ad8bc80c19004e49ee", "answers": [{"text": "keeping animals", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to domesticated animals, how do gatherers supplement their food?", "id": "56df47ad8bc80c19004e49ef", "answers": [{"text": "horticulture", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "All of contemporary societies are classified as what?", "id": "5acd3de307355d001abf39fa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "contemporary", "answer_start": 11}], "question": "Which societies replace foraging with horticulture and/or keeping animals?", "id": "5acd3de307355d001abf39fb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "Only a few ancient societies are classified as what?", "id": "5acd3de307355d001abf39fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "horticulture and/or keeping animals", "answer_start": 119}], "question": "All societies supplement their foraging activity with what?", "id": "5acd3de307355d001abf39fd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Only a few", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "How many ancient societies kept animals?", "id": "5acd3de307355d001abf39fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Only a few contemporary societies are classified as hunter-gatherers, and many supplement their foraging activity with horticulture and/or keeping animals."}], ["Memburu dan mengumpul adalah penyesuaian pertama dan paling berjaya manusia, menduduki sekurang-kurangnya 90 peratus sejarah manusia. Berikutan penciptaan pertanian, pemburu-pengumpul telah dipindahkan atau ditawan oleh kumpulan pertanian atau pastoral di kebanyakan negara di dunia. <> Apa penyesuaian terbaik manusia dalam penghasilan makanan? || Memburu dan berkumpul <> Apakah cara pertama manusia mencari makanan? || Memburu dan berkumpul <> Apa yang menghentikan penggunaan memburu dan berkumpul secara meluas? || ciptaan pertanian <> Apakah jenis-jenis asas kumpulan pertanian? || pertanian atau kumpulan pastoralis <> Apa penyesuaian kedua manusia paling berjaya? || <> Berikutan ciptaan perhimpunan, pemburu-pengumpul telah apa? || <> Perburuan dan perhimpunan diwakili oleh kumpulan mana? || <> Kumpulan mana yang telah dipindahkan atau ditakluk oleh pertanian? || <> Penyesuaian mana yang menduduki sekurang-kurangnya 95 peratus sejarah manusia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What has been humans' best adaptation in food production?", "id": "56df457b8bc80c19004e49d2", "answers": [{"text": "Hunting and gathering", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first way humans used to find food?", "id": "56df457b8bc80c19004e49d3", "answers": [{"text": "Hunting and gathering", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What stopped the widespread use of hunting and gathering?", "id": "56df457b8bc80c19004e49d4", "answers": [{"text": "invention of agriculture", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the basic types of agricultural groups?", "id": "56df457b8bc80c19004e49d5", "answers": [{"text": "farming or pastoralist groups", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hunting and gathering", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What was humanity's second most successful adaptation?", "id": "5acd3d1407355d001abf39e0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "displaced or conquered by farming", "answer_start": 190}], "question": "Following the invention of gathering, hunter-gatherers have been what?", "id": "5acd3d1407355d001abf39e1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pastoralist", "answer_start": 227}], "question": "Hunting and gathering were represented by which groups?", "id": "5acd3d1407355d001abf39e2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pastoralist", "answer_start": 227}], "question": "Which group has been displaced or conquered by farming?", "id": "5acd3d1407355d001abf39e3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hunting and gathering", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Which adaptation occupied at least 95 percent of human history?", "id": "5acd3d1407355d001abf39e4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Hunting and gathering was humanity's first and most successful adaptation, occupying at least 90 percent of human history. Following the invention of agriculture, hunter-gatherers have been displaced or conquered by farming or pastoralist groups in most parts of the world."}], ["Pemburu-pemburu adalah manusia yang hidup di dalam masyarakat di mana kebanyakan atau semua makanan diperoleh dengan cara mencari (mengumpul tumbuhan liar dan mengejar binatang liar), berbeza dengan masyarakat pertanian, yang bergantung terutamanya kepada spesies yang dipelihara. <> Apakah jenis nyawa manusia dengan mengumpul flora dan fauna liar? || pemburu-pengumpul <> Apakah jenis masyarakat bergantung kepada pembentukan makanan? || pertanian <> Apakah jenis tumbuhan dan haiwan yang ditanam oleh kumpulan pertanian? || spesies yang dipelihara <> Pemburu-pemburu adalah seekor haiwan yang mendapat makanan oleh apa? || <> Mengumpul tumbuhan liar dan mengejar bunga liar mentakrifkan apa? || <> Masyarakat mana yang bergantung terutamanya kepada spesies yang tidak ternilai? || <> Kehidupan manusia dalam masyarakat di mana kebanyakan atau semua makanan diperoleh dengan tawar-menawar dikenali sebagai apa? || <> Pengambilan adalah teknik yang digunakan oleh manusia yang hidup di mana masyarakat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of human lives by collecting wild flora and fauna?", "id": "56df43e48bc80c19004e49c1", "answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherer", "answer_start": 2}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of society relies on domestication for producing food?", "id": "56df43e48bc80c19004e49c3", "answers": [{"text": "agricultural", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of plants and animals do agricultural groups harvest?", "id": "56df43e48bc80c19004e49c4", "answers": [{"text": "domesticated species", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "foraging", "answer_start": 90}], "question": "A hunter-gatherer is an animal who obtains food by what?", "id": "5acd3c4f07355d001abf39c2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "foraging", "answer_start": 90}], "question": "Collecting wild plants and pursuing wild flowers defines what?", "id": "5acd3c4f07355d001abf39c3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "agricultural", "answer_start": 166}], "question": "Which societies rely mainly on undomesticated species?", "id": "5acd3c4f07355d001abf39c4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherer", "answer_start": 2}], "question": " A human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by bargaining is known as what?", "id": "5acd3c4f07355d001abf39c5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "agricultural", "answer_start": 166}], "question": "Foraging is a technique used by humans living in which society?", "id": "5acd3c4f07355d001abf39c6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species."}], ["Memandangkan bilangan dan saiz masyarakat pertanian bertambah, mereka berkembang menjadi tanah yang secara tradisinya digunakan oleh pemburu-pemburu. Proses pengembangan pertanian yang digerakkan oleh pertanian menyebabkan pembangunan bentuk kerajaan pertama di pusat-pusat pertanian, seperti Bulan Sabit Fertil, India Purba, China Kuno, Olmec, Afrika Sub-Sahara dan Norte Chico. <> Siapa yang berkembang ke wilayah pemburu-mengumpulkan? || masyarakat pertanian <> Apakah peningkatan dalam bidang pertanian? || bentuk pertama kerajaan <> Apakah Bulan Sabit Fertil dan India Purba? || pusat pertanian <> Apa jenis pengembangannya di tempat seperti Bulan Sabit Fertil? || pertanian yang dipandu <> Mengapa masyarakat pertanian menolak ke kawasan pemburu-pengumpul? || masyarakat pertanian meningkat <> Apakah beberapa bentuk kerajaan yang kedua di pusat-pusat pertanian? || <> Oleh kerana bilangan dan saiz masyarakat pertanian menurun, apa yang berlaku? || <> Proses pengembangan berasaskan fores membawa kepada apa? || <> Tanah-tanah yang secara tradisinya digunakan oleh pemburu-pemburu ditangani oleh bentuk-bentuk pemerintahan apa? || <> Apa jenis pembangunan yang membawa kepada perkembangan pertanian? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who expanded into the territory of hunter-gathers?", "id": "56df76b85ca0a614008f9ab9", "answers": [{"text": "agricultural societies", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the increase in agricultural areas produce?", "id": "56df76b85ca0a614008f9aba", "answers": [{"text": "first forms of government", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the Fertile Crescent and Ancient India ?", "id": "56df76b85ca0a614008f9abb", "answers": [{"text": "agricultural centers", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of expansion was it in places like the Fertile Crescent?", "id": "56df76b85ca0a614008f9abc", "answers": [{"text": "agriculture-driven", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did agricultural societies push into hunter-gatherer areas?", "id": "56df76b85ca0a614008f9abd", "answers": [{"text": "agricultural societies increased", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Sub-Saharan Africa and Norte Chico", "answer_start": 263}], "question": "What were some of the second forms of government in agricultural centers?", "id": "5acd4d5207355d001abf3c7a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 60}], "question": "As the number and size of agricultural societies decreased, what happened?", "id": "5acd4d5207355d001abf3c7b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers", "answer_start": 177}], "question": "The process of fores-driven expansion led to what?", "id": "5acd4d5207355d001abf3c7c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Sub-Saharan Africa and Norte Chico", "answer_start": 259}], "question": "The lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers were overtaken by what forms of government?", "id": "5acd4d5207355d001abf3c7d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the first forms of government in agricultural centers", "answer_start": 196}], "question": "What type of development led to agricultural expansion?", "id": "5acd4d5207355d001abf3c7e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Sub-Saharan Africa and Norte Chico."}], ["Perburuan dan pengumpulan mungkin dianggap sebagai strategi sara hidup yang digunakan oleh masyarakat manusia bermula sekitar 1.8 juta tahun yang lalu, oleh Homo erectus, dan dari penampilannya kira-kira 0.2 juta tahun yang lalu oleh Homo sapiens. Ia kekal sebagai satu-satunya cara hidup sehingga akhir zaman Mesolithik sekitar 10,000 tahun yang lalu, dan selepas ini digantikan secara beransur-ansur dengan penyebaran Revolusi Neolitik. <> Bilakah populasi manusia mula menggunakan perhimpunan berburu? || 1.8 juta tahun lalu <> Apakah fasa strategi penggunaan manusia untuk mencari makanan? || Homo erectus <> Bilakah Homo sapiens mula menggunakan perhubungan suntikan? || 0.2 juta tahun yang lalu <> Bilakah perburuan memburu mula hilang daripada penggunaan? || 10,000 tahun yang lalu <> Apa yang mula menggantikan hunting-gathering pada akhir zaman Mesolitik? || Revolusi Neolitik <> Apa yang menjadi satu-satunya cara hidup sehingga akhir tempoh Paleolitik? || <> Apa yang diganti secara beransur-ansur dengan penyebaran Revolusi Mesolitik? || <> Tempoh Neolitik berakhir berapa tahun yang lalu? || <> Revolusi mana yang merebak dengan cepat? || <> Strategi senggama mana yang bermula dengan Revolusi Neolitik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did human populations begin using hunting-gathering?", "id": "56df4feb96943c1400a5d377", "answers": [{"text": "1.8 million years ago", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What phase of human used subsistence strategies to find food?", "id": "56df4feb96943c1400a5d378", "answers": [{"text": "Homo erectus", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Homo sapiens begin using subsistence gathering?", "id": "56df4feb96943c1400a5d379", "answers": [{"text": "0.2 million years ago", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did hunting-gathering begin to fade from use?", "id": "56df4feb96943c1400a5d37a", "answers": [{"text": "10,000 years ago", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What began replacing hunting-gathering at the end of the Mesolithic period?", "id": "56df4feb96943c1400a5d37b", "answers": [{"text": "Neolithic Revolution", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hunting and gathering", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Paleolithic period?", "id": "5acd421407355d001abf3ab6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hunting and gathering", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Mesolithic Revolution?", "id": "5acd421407355d001abf3ab7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10,000", "answer_start": 298}], "question": "The Neolithic Period ended how many years ago?", "id": "5acd421407355d001abf3ab8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Neolithic", "answer_start": 382}], "question": "Which revolution spread rapidly?", "id": "5acd421407355d001abf3ab9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hunting and gathering", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Which subsistence strategy started with the Neolithic Revolution?", "id": "5acd421407355d001abf3aba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and after this was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Neolithic Revolution."}], ["Perkebunan hutan juga digunakan sebagai sistem pengeluaran makanan di berbagai belahan dunia sepanjang tempoh ini. Kebun-kebun hutan berasal dari zaman purba di sepanjang tebing-tebing sungai dan di kaki bukit-bukit di kawasan monsun yang basah. Dalam proses beransur-ansur keluarga meningkatkan persekitaran segera mereka, spesies pohon dan pokok yang berguna telah dikenal pasti, dilindungi dan bertambah baik, sementara yang tidak diingini spesies telah dihapuskan. Akhirnya spesies asing yang unggul dipilih dan dimasukkan ke dalam taman. <> Dalam apa jenis kawasan melakukan kebun hutan bermula? || bank sungai-sungai berpakaian <> Dalam apa jenis kawasan lain yang dilakukan kebun hutan? || kaki bukit rantau monsun <> Tanaman jenis apa yang dicari oleh tukang kebun awal ini? || pokok dan pokok anggur <> Kegunaan apa yang dilakukan oleh tukang kebun hutan kepada pohon dan anggur? || dikenal pasti, dilindungi dan dipertingkatkan <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh tukang kebun ini tentang spesies yang tidak diingini? || dihapuskan <> Jenis taman apa yang berasal dari zaman moden? || <> Apa jenis taman yang terletak di kaki bukit kering di kawasan monsun? || <> Spesies asing yang rendah dipilih dan dimasukkan di mana? || <> Apa yang digunakan sebagai sistem pengeluaran makanan di semua bahagian dunia? || <> Apabila keluarga cuba merosakkan persekitaran langsung mereka, spesies yang tidak diingini adalah apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what kind of area did forest gardening start?", "id": "56df63058bc80c19004e4b8b", "answers": [{"text": "jungle-clad river banks", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what other types of areas did forest gardening show up?", "id": "56df63058bc80c19004e4b8c", "answers": [{"text": "foothills of monsoon regions", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of plant did these early gardeners seek out?", "id": "56df63058bc80c19004e4b8d", "answers": [{"text": "tree and vine species", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What use did forest gardeners put to tree and vines to?", "id": "56df63058bc80c19004e4b8e", "answers": [{"text": "identified, protected and improved", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did these gardeners do about unwanted species?", "id": "56df63058bc80c19004e4b8f", "answers": [{"text": "eliminated", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Forest gardens", "answer_start": 113}], "question": "What type of gardens originated in modern times?", "id": "5acd446b07355d001abf3b42", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Forest gardens", "answer_start": 113}], "question": "What type of gardens were located in the dry foothills of monsoon regions?", "id": "5acd446b07355d001abf3b43", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "into the gardens", "answer_start": 507}], "question": "Inferior foreign species were selected and incorporated where?", "id": "5acd446b07355d001abf3b44", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Forest gardening", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What was being used as a food production system in all parts of the world?", "id": "5acd446b07355d001abf3b45", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "eliminated", "answer_start": 428}], "question": "When families were trying to ruin their immediate environment, undesirable species were what?", "id": "5acd446b07355d001abf3b46", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved, whilst undesirable species were eliminated. Eventually superior foreign species were selected and incorporated into the gardens."}], ["Menurut hipotesis yang bertahan, jarak jauh berjalan seperti memburu berterusan, satu kaedah yang masih diamalkan oleh beberapa kumpulan pemburu-pengumpul di zaman moden, mungkin memacu daya evolusi yang membawa kepada evolusi ciri-ciri manusia tertentu. Hipotesis ini tidak semestinya bertentangan dengan hipotesis penipuan: kedua-dua strategi sara hidup boleh digunakan - berurutan, berselang atau bahkan serentak. <> Apakah jarak jauh berjalan sebagai teknik pengumpulan makanan? || pemburuan berterusan <> Teori apa yang mengatakan bahawa berjalan jarak jauh mendorong evolusi beberapa sifat manusia? || daya tahan yang berlarutan hipotesis <> Siapa yang masih mengamalkan pemburuan berterusan? || beberapa kumpulan pemburu-pengumpul <> Selain hipotesis yang berleluasa, apakah teori pengumpulan makanan lain yang ada? || hipoketan pemusnahan <> Apa teknik pengumpulan makanan yang boleh digunakan oleh lelaki awal pada masa yang sama? || kedua-dua strategi sara hidup <> Jalan pendek jarak jauh adalah daya evolusi yang memandu untuk apa? || <> Apakah kaedah yang diamalkan oleh semua kumpulan pemburu-pengumpul di zaman moden? || <> Hipotesis pemotongan masih diamalkan oleh kumpulan mana? || <> Apa yang bercanggah dengan hipotesis pemusnahan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is long-distance running as a food hunting-gathering technique?", "id": "56df4e1796943c1400a5d359", "answers": [{"text": "persistence hunting", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What theory says that long-distance running drove the evolution of some human traits?", "id": "56df4e1796943c1400a5d35a", "answers": [{"text": "endurance running hypothesis", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who still practices persistence hunting?", "id": "56df4e1796943c1400a5d35b", "answers": [{"text": "some hunter-gatherer groups", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides the endurance running hypothesis, what other theory of food collection is there?", "id": "56df4e1796943c1400a5d35c", "answers": [{"text": "scavenging hypothesis", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What food gathering techniques could have been used by early man at the same time?", "id": "56df4e1796943c1400a5d35d", "answers": [{"text": "both subsistence strategies", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "leading to the evolution of certain human characteristics", "answer_start": 211}], "question": "Short-distance running was the driving evolutionary force for what?", "id": "5acd3fff07355d001abf3a4a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "persistence hunting", "answer_start": 75}], "question": "What is a method practiced by all hunter-gatherer groups in modern times?", "id": "5acd3fff07355d001abf3a4b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherer", "answer_start": 129}], "question": "The scavenging hypothesis is still practiced by which groups? ", "id": "5acd3fff07355d001abf3a4c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the endurance running hypothesis", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "What contradicts with the scavenging hypothesis?", "id": "5acd3fff07355d001abf3a4d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to the endurance running hypothesis, long-distance running as in persistence hunting, a method still practiced by some hunter-gatherer groups in modern times, was likely the driving evolutionary force leading to the evolution of certain human characteristics. This hypothesis does not necessarily contradict the scavenging hypothesis: both subsistence strategies could have been in use \u2013 sequentially, alternating or even simultaneously."}], ["Bermula pada peralihan antara tempoh Paleolitik Tengah hingga Tengah, kira-kira 80,000 hingga 70,000 tahun yang lalu, beberapa kumpulan pemburu-pengumpul mula menjadi pakar, menumpukan perhatian kepada memburu permainan yang lebih kecil (sering lebih besar) dan mengumpul pilihan makanan yang lebih kecil. Pengkhususan kerja ini juga melibatkan penciptaan alat khusus, seperti pancing dan pancing dan pancang tulang. Peralihan ke dalam tempoh Neolitik berikutnya adalah terutamanya ditakrifkan oleh perkembangan pertanian yang belum pernah berlaku sebelum ini. Pertanian berasal dan tersebar di beberapa kawasan yang berbeza termasuk Timur Tengah, Asia, Mesoamerica, dan Andes bermula seawal 12.000 tahun yang lalu. <> Dalam tempoh berapa, pemburu-pemungut mula memfokuskan koleksi makanan pada jarak yang lebih terhad? || Tengah ke Paleolitik Atas <> Berapa tahun yang lalu para pemburu-pemburu mula berkonsepkan dalam amalan pengumpulan mereka? || 80,000 hingga 70,000 tahun lalu <> Apa perubahan dalam perhimpunan? || pilihan yang lebih kecil <> Bilakah penggunaan pertanian mula tersebar? || 12,000 tahun lalu <> Peralihan antara tempoh Paleolitik Rendah dan Tengah bermula ketika? || <> Dalam tempoh berapa, semua pemburu-pemburu mula menjadi pakar? || <> Peralihan ke dalam tempoh Paleolitik yang paling ditakrifkan oleh apa? || <> Pertanian berakhir berapa tahun yang lalu? || <> Apabila pemburu-pengumpul mula mengkhususkan diri, mereka menumpukan pada pemilihan yang lebih besar dari apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "During what period did hunter-gatherers begin to focus food collection on a more limited range?", "id": "56df609296943c1400a5d475", "answers": [{"text": "Middle to Upper Paleolithic", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many years ago did hunting-gatherers start specializing in their collection practices?", "id": "56df609296943c1400a5d476", "answers": [{"text": "80,000 to 70,000 years ago", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the change in gathering?", "id": "56df609296943c1400a5d478", "answers": [{"text": "a smaller selection", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the use of agriculture begin it's spread?", "id": "56df609296943c1400a5d479", "answers": [{"text": "12,000 years ago", "answer_start": 667}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "80,000 to 70,000 years ago", "answer_start": 80}], "question": "The transition between the Lower and Middle Paleolithic period started when?", "id": "5acd431b07355d001abf3afa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "In what period did all hunter-gatherers begin to specialize?", "id": "5acd431b07355d001abf3afb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the unprecedented development of nascent agricultural practices", "answer_start": 459}], "question": "The transition into the Paleolithic period is chiefly defined by what?", "id": "5acd431b07355d001abf3afc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "12,000", "answer_start": 667}], "question": "Agriculture ended how many years ago?", "id": "5acd431b07355d001abf3afd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "game", "answer_start": 220}], "question": "When hunter-gatherers began to specialize, they concentrated on a larger selection of what?", "id": "5acd431b07355d001abf3afe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating specialized tools, like fishing nets and hooks and bone harpoons. The transition into the subsequent Neolithic period is chiefly defined by the unprecedented development of nascent agricultural practices. Agriculture originated and spread in several different areas including the Middle East, Asia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes beginning as early as 12,000 years ago."}], ["Pada tahun 1950-an, Lewis Binford mencadangkan bahawa manusia awal mendapatkan daging melalui penipuan, tidak memburu. Orang-orang awal di Paleolithic Rendah hidup di hutan dan hutan, yang membolehkan mereka mengumpul makanan laut, telur, kacang, dan buah-buahan selain memakannya. Daripada membunuh binatang besar untuk daging, menurut pandangan ini, mereka menggunakan bangkai binatang seperti itu yang telah dibunuh oleh pemangsa atau yang telah meninggal disebabkan punca semula jadi. Data arkeologi dan genetik mencadangkan bahawa populasi sumber Paleolithic-pengumpul selamat di kawasan hutan jarang dan tersebar melalui kawasan produktiviti utama yang tinggi sambil mengelakkan penutupan hutan padat. <> Bagaimana manusia awal mencari daging tanpa memburu? || Mengosongkan <> Selain mencari haiwan yang sudah mati, apakah sebab kematian lain yang ditemui haiwan mereka? || penyebab semula jadi <> Di manakah pemburu-pengumpul hidup? || kawasan berhutan jarang <> Kawasan jenis apa yang mengelakkan manusia awal? || hutan padat <> Lewis Binford mencadangkan bahawa manusia awal telah mendapatkan sayur-sayuran melalui penggandaan dalam apa dekad? || <> Manusia awal di Paleolitik Tinggi hidup di mana? || <> Penduduk mana yang terselamat di kawasan bergerigi padat? || <> Penduduk mana yang tersebar melalui kawasan produktiviti utama yang rendah? || <> Manusia awal di Paleolitik Tinggi mengumpul apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How did early humans locate meat without hunting ?", "id": "56df49d18bc80c19004e4a0a", "answers": [{"text": "scavenging", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to finding already dead animals, what other cause of death were their animal finds?", "id": "56df49d18bc80c19004e4a0b", "answers": [{"text": "natural causes", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did hunter-gatherer peoples live?", "id": "56df49d18bc80c19004e4a0c", "answers": [{"text": "sparsely wooded areas", "answer_start": 550}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of area did early humans avoid?", "id": "56df49d18bc80c19004e4a0d", "answers": [{"text": "dense forest", "answer_start": 644}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the 1950s", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining vegetables via scavenging in what decade?", "id": "5acd3edb07355d001abf3a1a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in forests and woodlands", "answer_start": 149}], "question": "Early humans in the Higher Paleolithic lived where?", "id": "5acd3edb07355d001abf3a1b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Paleolithic hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 509}], "question": "Which population survived in densely wooded areas?", "id": "5acd3edb07355d001abf3a1c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Paleolithic hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 509}], "question": "Which population dispersed through areas of low primary productivity?", "id": "5acd3edb07355d001abf3a1d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "seafood, eggs, nuts, and fruits", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "Early humans in the Higher Paleolithic collected what?", "id": "5acd3edb07355d001abf3a1e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the 1950s, Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining meat via scavenging, not hunting. Early humans in the Lower Paleolithic lived in forests and woodlands, which allowed them to collect seafood, eggs, nuts, and fruits besides scavenging. Rather than killing large animals for meat, according to this view, they used carcasses of such animals that had either been killed by predators or that had died of natural causes. Archaeological and genetic data suggest that the source populations of Paleolithic hunter-gatherers survived in sparsely wooded areas and dispersed through areas of high primary productivity while avoiding dense forest cover."}], ["Banyak kumpulan meneruskan cara hidup pemburu mereka, walaupun jumlahnya terus menurun, sebahagiannya akibat tekanan daripada masyarakat pertanian dan pastoral yang semakin meningkat. Kebanyakan mereka tinggal di negara membangun, sama ada di kawasan gersang atau hutan tropika. Kawasan yang dahulunya tersedia untuk pemburu-pengumpul-dan terus diceroboh oleh penempatan ahli pertanian. Dalam pertandingan yang dihasilkan untuk kegunaan tanah, masyarakat pemburu sama ada menggunakan amalan ini atau berpindah ke kawasan lain. Di samping itu, Jared Diamond telah menyalahkan penurunan ketersediaan makanan liar, terutamanya sumber haiwan. Sebagai contoh, di Amerika Utara dan Selatan, spesies mamalia yang paling besar telah punah pada akhir Pleistocene-menurut Diamond, kerana terlalu banyak pengeksploitasi oleh manusia, walaupun hipotesis yang berlebihan yang dia penganjur sangat ditentang. [By whom?] Di manakah ramai pemburu-pemburu moden? || di dunia membangun <> Dalam apa jenis iklim yang diburu oleh pengumpul-pengumpul? || kawasan gersang atau hutan tropika <> Apakah jenis gaya hidup manusia yang mendorong pemburu-pemburu keluar dari persekitaran mereka? || penempatan ahli pertanian <> Apa yang telah Jared Diamond menyalahkan penurunan pengumpul? || Ketersediaan makanan liar <> Apa jenis makanan haiwan yang dimanfaatkan oleh penghujung era Pleistocene? || spesies mamalia besar <> Apakah kumpulan-kumpulan yang terus meningkat? || <> Semua spesies mamalia besar telah pupus di negara apa? || <> Kerana terlalu banyak penduduk, spesies mamalia yang paling besar mempunyai apa? || <> Semua kumpulan pemburu-pengumpul tinggal di mana? || <> Pertandingan untuk kegunaan tanah hasil di mana masyarakat tinggal di mana mereka berada? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where do many modern day hunter-gatherers live?", "id": "56df680f8bc80c19004e4bdd", "answers": [{"text": "in the developing world", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what type of climate do hunter-gatherers live?", "id": "56df680f8bc80c19004e4bde", "answers": [{"text": "arid regions or tropical forests", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of human life-style is pushing hunter-gatherers out of their environment?", "id": "56df680f8bc80c19004e4bdf", "answers": [{"text": "settlements of agriculturalists", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has Jared Diamond blamed the decline of gatherers on?", "id": "56df680f8bc80c19004e4be0", "answers": [{"text": "availability of wild foods", "answer_start": 595}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of food animal went extict by the end of the Pleistocene era?", "id": "56df680f8bc80c19004e4be1", "answers": [{"text": "large mammal species", "answer_start": 700}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherer", "answer_start": 28}], "question": "What groups have continually increased in numbers?", "id": "5acd454907355d001abf3b7e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "North and South America", "answer_start": 657}], "question": "All large mammal species have gone extinct in what countries?", "id": "5acd454907355d001abf3b7f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "gone extinct", "answer_start": 725}], "question": "Because of overpopulation, most large mammal species have what?", "id": "5acd454907355d001abf3b80", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in the developing world", "answer_start": 211}], "question": "All hunter-gatherer groups reside where?", "id": "5acd454907355d001abf3b81", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherer societies", "answer_start": 458}], "question": "Competition for land use results in which societies remaining where they are?", "id": "5acd454907355d001abf3b82", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hunter-gatherers were\u2014and continue to be\u2014encroached upon by the settlements of agriculturalists. In the resulting competition for land use, hunter-gatherer societies either adopted these practices or moved to other areas. In addition, Jared Diamond has blamed a decline in the availability of wild foods, particularly animal resources. In North and South America, for example, most large mammal species had gone extinct by the end of the Pleistocene\u2014according to Diamond, because of overexploitation by humans, although the overkill hypothesis he advocates is strongly contested.[by whom?]"}], ["Hunter-gatherers cenderung mempunyai etos sosial yang egalitarian, walaupun diselesaikan pemburu-pemungut (contohnya, mereka yang tinggal di Pantai Barat Laut Amerika Utara) adalah pengecualian kepada peraturan ini. Hampir semua pemburu Afrika adalah egalitarian, dengan wanita kira-kira sebagai berpengaruh dan berkuasa sebagai lelaki. <> Apakah gaya sosial pemburu-kumpul masyarakat? || egalitarian <> Di mana orang-orang yang terkecuali untuk egalitarianisme hidup? || Pantai Barat Laut Amerika Utara <> apa kumpulan pemburu-pengumpul hampir semua egalitarian? || Afrika <> Pemburu Nomadic-pengumpul adalah pengecualian kepada peraturan apa? || <> Mereka yang mendiami Pantai Timur Laut Amerika Utara adalah jenis pemburu-pemburu? || <> Sangat sedikit pemburu Afrika-pengumpul apa? || <> Dalam budaya Amerika, wanita kira-kira apa? || <> Wanita tidak begitu berpengaruh dan berkuasa dalam budaya apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the social style of hunter-gather societies?", "id": "56df92d24a1a83140091eb58", "answers": [{"text": "egalitarian", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": " Where do people who are an exception to egalitarianism live?", "id": "56df92d24a1a83140091eb5a", "answers": [{"text": "Northwest Coast of North America", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what group of hunter-gatherers are nearly all egalitarian?", "id": "56df92d24a1a83140091eb5b", "answers": [{"text": "African", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "egalitarian social ethos", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "Nomadic hunter-gatherers are an exception to what rule?", "id": "5acd50b607355d001abf3ce6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "settled", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "Those inhabiting the Northeast Coast of North America are what kind of of hunter-gatherers?", "id": "5acd50b607355d001abf3ce7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "egalitarian", "answer_start": 233}], "question": "Very few African hunter-gatherers are what?", "id": "5acd50b607355d001abf3ce8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "as influential and powerful as men", "answer_start": 265}], "question": "In American culture, women are roughly what?", "id": "5acd50b607355d001abf3ce9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "African", "answer_start": 204}], "question": "Women are not at all influential and powerful in what culture?", "id": "5acd50b607355d001abf3cea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men."}], ["Kebanyakan pemburu-pemburu adalah nomad atau berpasir dan tinggal di penempatan sementara. Komuniti mudah alih biasanya membina tempat perlindungan menggunakan bahan bangunan tidak kekal, atau mereka mungkin menggunakan tempat perlindungan batu alam, di mana mereka boleh didapati. <> Apakah gaya hidup pemburu-pengumpul? || nomadic atau semi-nomadic <> Apakah kesinambungan pemukiman pemburu-pengumpul? || sementara <> Apakah jenis bahan binaan yang mereka gunakan? || tidak kekal <> Apa jenis struktur semulajadi yang digunakan pemburu-pengumpul? || tempat perlindungan batu <> Apakah keupayaan bergerak pemburu-mengumpulkan? || Komuniti mudah alih <> Beberapa pemburu-pemungut tinggal di kawasan pemukiman macam apa? || <> Komuniti tetap biasanya membina apa? || <> Komuniti apa yang menggunakan tempat perlindungan kayu semula jadi? || <> Komuniti mana yang membina tempat perlindungan menggunakan bahan binaan kekal? || <> Komuniti mana yang tidak hidup dalam kehidupan nomad atau separuh nomad? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the lifestyle of hunter-gatherers?", "id": "56df8e9338dc421700152048", "answers": [{"text": "nomadic or semi-nomadic", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the permanence of hunter-gatherer settlements?", "id": "56df8e9338dc421700152049", "answers": [{"text": "temporary", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of building materials do they use?", "id": "56df8e9338dc42170015204a", "answers": [{"text": "impermanent", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of natural structure do hunter-gatherers use?", "id": "56df8e9338dc42170015204b", "answers": [{"text": "rock shelters", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the movement ability of hunter-gathers?", "id": "56df8e9338dc42170015204c", "answers": [{"text": "Mobile communities", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "temporary", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "Few hunter-gatherers live in what kind of settlements?", "id": "5acd4efe07355d001abf3cb6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "shelters using impermanent building materials", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "Permanent communities typically construct what?", "id": "5acd4efe07355d001abf3cb7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mobile", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "What communities use natural wood shelters?", "id": "5acd4efe07355d001abf3cb8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mobile", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "Which communities construct shelters using permanent building materials?", "id": "5acd4efe07355d001abf3cb9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 5}], "question": "Which communities do not live a nomadic or semi-nomadic life?", "id": "5acd4efe07355d001abf3cba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available."}], ["Sesetengah budaya pemburu-pengumpul, seperti orang-orang asli di Pantai Barat Laut Pasifik, hidup dalam persekitaran yang kaya yang membolehkan mereka menjadi tidak aktif atau separa-menjauhkan diri. <> Kawasan jenis apa yang membenarkan penyelesaian yang lebih kekal? || persekitaran yang kaya <> Apakah gaya hidup penduduk pribumi di Barat Laut Pasifik? || pemburu-pengumpul <> Apa persekitaran yang subur membolehkan pemburu-pengumpul menjadi? || sedentari atau separa tidak aktif <> Persekitaran jenis apa yang ada di Barat Laut Pasifik? || persekitaran yang kaya <> Apakah orang-orang asli di Barat Laut Pasifik? || budaya pemburu-pengumpul <> Budaya apa yang hidup dalam persekitaran yang tandus? || <> Manakah yang tinggal di persekitaran yang membolehkan mereka menjadi nomad? || <> Persekitaran apa jenis yang dibenarkan untuk kewujudan nomad? || <> Orang-orang di Pantai Barat Pasifik hidup dalam persekitaran macam apa? || <> Orang-orang di Pantai Timur Pasifik hidup apa jenis gaya hidup? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of area allowed a more permanent settlement?", "id": "56df907838dc42170015205a", "answers": [{"text": "rich environments", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the life style of the indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest?", "id": "56df907838dc42170015205b", "answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherer", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does a lush environment allow hunter-gatherers to be?", "id": "56df907838dc42170015205c", "answers": [{"text": "sedentary or semi-sedentary", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of environment is the Pacific Northwest?", "id": "56df907838dc42170015205d", "answers": [{"text": "rich environments", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest?", "id": "56df907838dc42170015205e", "answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherer cultures", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "What cultures live in barren environments?", "id": "5acd4fef07355d001abf3cd2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Pacific Northwest Coast", "answer_start": 65}], "question": "Which people lived in environments that allowed them to be nomadic?", "id": "5acd4fef07355d001abf3cd3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "particularly rich environments", "answer_start": 103}], "question": "What kind of environment allowed for a nomadic existence?", "id": "5acd4fef07355d001abf3cd4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "particularly rich environments", "answer_start": 103}], "question": "The peoples of the Pacific West Coast lived in what kind of environment?", "id": "5acd4fef07355d001abf3cd5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sedentary or semi-sedentary", "answer_start": 158}], "question": "The peoples of the Pacific East Coast lived what kind of lifestyle?", "id": "5acd4fef07355d001abf3cd6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary."}], ["Sehingga hari ini, kebanyakan pemburu-pemburu mempunyai pembahagian seksual terstruktur secara simbolis. Walau bagaimanapun, dalam kes minoriti kecil, wanita memburu kuari yang sama seperti lelaki, kadangkala berbuat demikian bersama lelaki. Contoh yang paling terkenal ialah orang Aeta Filipina. Menurut satu kajian, \"Kira-kira 85% wanita Filipina memburu, dan mereka memburu kuari yang sama seperti lelaki. Wanita Aeta berburu dalam kumpulan dan dengan anjing, dan mempunyai kadar kejayaan 31% berbanding 17% untuk lelaki. lebih baik apabila mereka menggabungkan pasukan dengan lelaki: kumpulan berburu bercampur mempunyai kadar kejayaan penuh 41% di kalangan Aeta. \" Di antara kaum Ju '/ hoansi Namibia, wanita membantu lelaki menjejaki kuari. Wanita di Australia Martu juga terutama memburu haiwan kecil seperti kadal untuk memberi makan kepada anak-anak mereka dan mengekalkan hubungan dengan wanita lain. <> Bagaimana buruh sering terbahagi dalam kumpulan ini? || bahagian seks <> Berapa peratus daripada wanita Aeta memburu? || 85% <> Apakah kadar kejayaan pemburu wanita Aeta? || 31% <> Apakah kadar kejayaan untuk pemburu Aeta lelaki? || 17% <> Dalam majoriti kes, wanita memburu apa? || <> Antara penduduk Aeta di Jepun, berapa wanita yang memburu? || <> Wanita Ju '/ hoansi biasanya berburu dalam kumpulan dan dengan apa? || <> Di antara wanita Ju '/ hoansi di China, wanita membantu lelaki mengesan apa? || <> Lelaki di Austrailian Martu terutamanya memburu haiwan kecil seperti apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How is labor often divided in these groups?", "id": "56dfa2414a1a83140091ebde", "answers": [{"text": "sexual division", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Aeta women hunt?", "id": "56dfa2414a1a83140091ebe0", "answers": [{"text": "85%", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the success rate of Aeta female hunters?", "id": "56dfa2414a1a83140091ebe1", "answers": [{"text": "31%", "answer_start": 444}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the success rate for male Aeta hunters?", "id": "56dfa2414a1a83140091ebe2", "answers": [{"text": "17%", "answer_start": 475}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the same kind of quarry as men", "answer_start": 159}], "question": "In a majority of cases, women hunt what?", "id": "5acd54e907355d001abf3d74", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "About 85%", "answer_start": 313}], "question": "Among the Aeta people of Japan, how many women hunt?", "id": "5acd54e907355d001abf3d75", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dogs", "answer_start": 427}], "question": "The Ju'/hoansi women typically hunt in groups and with what?", "id": "5acd54e907355d001abf3d76", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "quarry", "answer_start": 684}], "question": "Among the Ju'/hoansi women of China, women help men track down what?", "id": "5acd54e907355d001abf3d77", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lizards", "answer_start": 761}], "question": "Men in the Austrailian Martu primarily hunt small animals like what?", "id": "5acd54e907355d001abf3d78", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "To this day, most hunter-gatherers have a symbolically structured sexual division of labour. However, it is true that in a small minority of cases, women hunt the same kind of quarry as men, sometimes doing so alongside men. The best-known example are the Aeta people of the Philippines. According to one study, \"About 85% of Philippine Aeta women hunt, and they hunt the same quarry as men. Aeta women hunt in groups and with dogs, and have a 31% success rate as opposed to 17% for men. Their rates are even better when they combine forces with men: mixed hunting groups have a full 41% success rate among the Aeta.\" Among the Ju'/hoansi people of Namibia, women help men track down quarry. Women in the Australian Martu also primarily hunt small animals like lizards to feed their children and maintain relations with other women."}], ["The egalitarianisme yang biasa pemburu manusia dan pengumpul tidak pernah total, tetapi menarik apabila dilihat dalam konteks evolusi. Salah satu daripada dua saudara primata yang paling hampir dengan manusia, cimpanzi, adalah apa-apa tetapi egalitarian, membentuk diri mereka menjadi hierarki yang sering didominasi oleh lelaki alpha. Begitu hebatnya kontras dengan para pemburu manusia-manusia yang dikatakan secara meluas oleh palaeoanthropologists bahawa perlawanan terhadap yang dikuasai adalah faktor utama yang mendorong kemunculan kemunculan kesadaran manusia, bahasa, persaudaraan dan organisasi sosial. <> Bagaimana menarik untuk melihat egalitarianisme pemburu-pengumpul? || dalam konteks evolusi <> Apakah cimpanzi bertindak seperti yang berkaitan dengan egalitarianisme? || Apa-apa tetapi egalitarian <> Bagaimanakah cimpanzi mengatur diri mereka dalam persekitaran kumpulan? || ke hierarki <> Apa yang mendominasi dalam kumpulan simpanse? || alpha lelaki <> saudara kandung primitif terdekat manusia adalah apa? || <> Simpanse adalah serupa dengan manusia kerana mereka adalah apa? || <> Pembentukan apa yang menjadi faktor utama dalam kemunculan kesedaran manusia? || <> The egalitarianisme yang biasa pemburu manusia dan pengumpul sentiasa apa? || <> Spesies apa yang sering dikuasai oleh wanita alfa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How is it interesting to view hunter-gatherers' egalitarianism?", "id": "56df9c2a38dc4217001520da", "answers": [{"text": "in an evolutionary context", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do chimpanzees act like as pertains to being egalitarianism?", "id": "56df9c2a38dc4217001520db", "answers": [{"text": "anything but egalitarian", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do chimpanzees arrange themselves in a group setting?", "id": "56df9c2a38dc4217001520dc", "answers": [{"text": "into hierarchies", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the dominate one in a chimpanzee group?", "id": "56df9c2a38dc4217001520dd", "answers": [{"text": "alpha male", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "chimpanzees", "answer_start": 179}], "question": "Humanity's closest primate relatives are the what?", "id": "5acd518d07355d001abf3d16", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "egalitarian", "answer_start": 209}], "question": "Chimpanzees are similar to humans because they are what?", "id": "5acd518d07355d001abf3d17", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hierarchies", "answer_start": 246}], "question": "The formation of what was a key factor in the emergence of human consciousness?", "id": "5acd518d07355d001abf3d18", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "total", "answer_start": 67}], "question": "The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is always what?", "id": "5acd518d07355d001abf3d19", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "chimpanzees", "answer_start": 179}], "question": "What species is often dominated by an alpha female?", "id": "5acd518d07355d001abf3d1a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is never total, but is striking when viewed in an evolutionary context. One of humanity's two closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, are anything but egalitarian, forming themselves into hierarchies that are often dominated by an alpha male. So great is the contrast with human hunter-gatherers that it is widely argued by palaeoanthropologists that resistance to being dominated was a key factor driving the evolutionary emergence of human consciousness, language, kinship and social organization."}], ["Akibat daripada pendirian manusia kini hampir universal terhadap pertanian, beberapa kebudayaan pemburu kontemporari biasanya hidup di kawasan-kawasan yang tidak sesuai untuk kegunaan pertanian. <> Jenis kawasan apa yang dikumpul oleh pemburu moden tinggal? || tidak sesuai untuk kegunaan pertanian <> Berapa banyak budaya pemburu moden yang ada? || beberapa <> Apa yang orang pada dasarnya bergantung pada sekarang? || pertanian <> Yang tinggal di kawasan yang tidak boleh digunakan untuk pertanian? || pemburu-pengumpul budaya <> Apakah jenis pengeluaran makanan di seluruh dunia sekarang? || pergantungan terhadap pertanian <> Banyak kebiasaan pemburu kontemporer biasanya tinggal di mana? || <> Manusia hampir tidak pernah bergantung pada apa? || <> Budaya apa yang tinggal di kawasan yang sesuai untuk kegunaan pertanian? || <> Kebudayaan pemburu purba tinggal di mana? || <> Berapa banyak budaya bergantung kepada pertanian? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of areas do modern hunter-gathers live in?", "id": "56df8cfc4a1a83140091eb2e", "answers": [{"text": "unsuitable for agricultural use", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many modern hunter-gatherer cultures are there?", "id": "56df8cfc4a1a83140091eb2f", "answers": [{"text": "few", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do people basically rely on now?", "id": "56df8cfc4a1a83140091eb30", "answers": [{"text": "agriculture", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who lives in areas not usable for agriculture?", "id": "56df8cfc4a1a83140091eb31", "answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherer cultures", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of food production is worldwide now?", "id": "56df8cfc4a1a83140091eb32", "answers": [{"text": "reliance upon agriculture", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in areas unsuitable for agricultural use", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "The many contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live where?", "id": "5acd4e5007355d001abf3ca2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "agriculture", "answer_start": 58}], "question": "Humans almost never rely on what?", "id": "5acd4e5007355d001abf3ca3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherer", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "What cultures live in areas suitable for agricultural use?", "id": "5acd4e5007355d001abf3ca4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in areas unsuitable for agricultural use", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "Ancient hunter-gatherer cultures lived where?", "id": "5acd4e5007355d001abf3ca5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures", "answer_start": 75}], "question": "How many cultures rely on agriculture?", "id": "5acd4e5007355d001abf3ca6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use."}], ["Pada persidangan yang sama, Marshall Sahlins membentangkan kertas bertajuk, \"Nota mengenai Persatuan Berkelompok Asal\", di mana beliau mencabar pandangan popular para pemburu hidup sebagai \"bersendirian, miskin, jahat, brutal dan pendek,\" seperti Thomas Hobbes katakan pada 1651. Menurut Sahlins, data etnografi menunjukkan bahawa pemburu-pemburu bekerja jauh lebih sedikit jam dan menikmati lebih banyak masa lapang daripada ahli masyarakat industri biasa, dan mereka masih makan dengan baik. \"Kemakmuran\" mereka datang dari idea bahawa mereka puas dengan sangat sedikit dalam arti material. Kemudian, pada tahun 1996, Ross Sackett melakukan dua analisis meta-analisis yang berbeza untuk menguji pandangan Sahlin secara empirik. Yang pertama kajian ini memandang 102 kajian peruntukan masa, dan yang kedua dianalisis 207 kajian tenaga-perbelanjaan. Sackett mendapati bahawa orang dewasa dalam masyarakat mencari makan dan hortikultur bekerja secara purata kira-kira 6.5 jam sehari, di mana orang-orang dalam masyarakat pertanian dan perindustrian bekerja rata-rata 8.8 jam sehari. <> Siapa yang memanggil pemburu-mengumpulkan masyarakat yang kaya raya? || Marshall Sahlins <> Ketika Ross Sackett belajar masa dan tenaga untuk kumpulan pemburu-pemburu? || 1996 <> Berapa lama dalam sehari orang di dalam masyarakat lain bekerja? || 8.8 jam sehari <> Apakah tajuk kertas Ross Sackett di mana dia mencabar pandangan popular tentang kehidupan pemburu-pengumpul? || <> Pada 1851, Thomas Hobbes menggambarkan pemburu-pengumpul sebagai apa? || <> Data menunjukkan bahawa pemburu-pengumpul menikmati masa lapang kurang daripada siapa? || <> Kumpulan mana yang biasanya tidak dimakan dengan baik? || <> Marshall Sahlins melakukan analisis menguji pandangan Sackett dalam tahun berapa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who called hunter-gathers the original affluent society?", "id": "56dfa704231d4119001abc47", "answers": [{"text": "Marshall Sahlins", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Ross Sackett study time and energy for hunter-gartherer groups?", "id": "56dfa704231d4119001abc49", "answers": [{"text": "1996", "answer_start": 562}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long a day do people in other societies work?", "id": "56dfa704231d4119001abc4b", "answers": [{"text": "8.8 hours a day", "answer_start": 959}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"Notes on the Original Affluent Society\"", "answer_start": 69}], "question": "What was the title of Ross Sackett's paper in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherer lives?", "id": "5acd575207355d001abf3dda", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short,\"", "answer_start": 180}], "question": "In 1851, Thomas Hobbes described hunter-gatherers as what?", "id": "5acd575207355d001abf3ddb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "typical members of industrial society", "answer_start": 386}], "question": "Data showed that hunter-gatherers enjoyed less leisure time than whom?", "id": "5acd575207355d001abf3ddc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 154}], "question": "Which group did not typically eat well?", "id": "5acd575207355d001abf3ddd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1996", "answer_start": 562}], "question": "Marshall Sahlins performed analysis testing Sackett's view in what year?", "id": "5acd575207355d001abf3dde", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "At the same conference, Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled, \"Notes on the Original Affluent Society\", in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as \"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short,\" as Thomas Hobbes had put it in 1651. According to Sahlins, ethnographic data indicated that hunter-gatherers worked far fewer hours and enjoyed more leisure than typical members of industrial society, and they still ate well. Their \"affluence\" came from the idea that they were satisfied with very little in the material sense. Later, in 1996, Ross Sackett performed two distinct meta-analyses to empirically test Sahlin's view. The first of these studies looked at 102 time-allocation studies, and the second one analyzed 207 energy-expenditure studies. Sackett found that adults in foraging and horticultural societies work, on average, about 6.5 hours a day, where as people in agricultural and industrial societies work on average 8.8 hours a day."}], ["Pada persidangan \"Man the Hunter\" 1966, ahli antropologi Richard Borshay Lee dan Irven DeVore mencadangkan bahawa egalitarianisme adalah salah satu daripada beberapa ciri utama memburu nomadik dan masyarakat perhimpunan kerana mobiliti memerlukan meminimumkan harta benda di seluruh penduduk. Oleh itu, tiada lebihan sumber boleh dikumpulkan oleh mana-mana ahli tunggal. Ciri-ciri lain yang dicadangkan Lee dan DeVore adalah fluks dalam sempadan wilayah serta komposisi demografi. <> Pada persidangan apa yang dikatakan Richard Borshay? || Manusia Pemburu <> Bilakah persidangan Man Perseorangan? || 1966 <> Mengapa terdapat pengurangan harta benda dalam kumpulan memburu dan berkumpul? || mobiliti <> Apa yang boleh mengurangkan harta benda yang dihasilkan dalam masyarakat pemburu-pengumpul? || egalitarian <> Apa ciri-ciri lain yang berubah-ubah untuk kumpulan-kumpulan ini? || sempadan wilayah <> Lebihan sumber boleh dikumpulkan oleh mana-mana ahli di mana masyarakat? || <> Persidangan 1966 yang mana ahli geologi Richard Borshay Lee dan Irven DeVore hadir? || <> Kehidupan sedentari memburu dan perhimpunan masyarakat nomad memerlukan apa? || <> Pada 1973 \"Man the Hunter\" persidangan egalitarianisme telah dicadangkan sebagai apa? || <> Ciri-ciri lain yang dicadangkan oleh Lee dan DeVore adalah kestabilan dalam sempadan wilayah dan apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "At what conference did Richard Borshay speak?", "id": "56dfa4514a1a83140091ec06", "answers": [{"text": "Man the Hunter", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Man the Hunter conference?", "id": "56dfa4514a1a83140091ec07", "answers": [{"text": "1966", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why is there a lessening of material possessions in hunting and gathering groups?", "id": "56dfa4514a1a83140091ec08", "answers": [{"text": "mobility", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can decreased material possessions produce in a hunter-gatherer society?", "id": "56dfa4514a1a83140091ec09", "answers": [{"text": "egalitarianism", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other characteristic is variable for these groups?", "id": "56dfa4514a1a83140091ec0a", "answers": [{"text": "territorial boundaries", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "nomadic hunting and gathering societies", "answer_start": 170}], "question": "A surplus of resources can be accumulated by any member in which societies?", "id": "5acd563c07355d001abf3dac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"Man the Hunter\"", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "Which 1966 conference did geologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore attend?", "id": "5acd563c07355d001abf3dad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "minimization of material possessions throughout a population", "answer_start": 236}], "question": "The sedentary life of nomadic hunting and gathering societies required what?", "id": "5acd563c07355d001abf3dae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "one of several central characteristics of nomadic hunting and gathering societies", "answer_start": 128}], "question": "At the 1973 \"Man the Hunter\" conference egalitarianism was suggested as what?", "id": "5acd563c07355d001abf3daf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "demographic composition", "answer_start": 470}], "question": "Other characteristics proposed by Lee and DeVore were stability in territorial boundaries and what?", "id": "5acd563c07355d001abf3db0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "At the 1966 \"Man the Hunter\" conference, anthropologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore suggested that egalitarianism was one of several central characteristics of nomadic hunting and gathering societies because mobility requires minimization of material possessions throughout a population. Therefore, no surplus of resources can be accumulated by any single member. Other characteristics Lee and DeVore proposed were flux in territorial boundaries as well as in demographic composition."}], ["Ahli antropologi berpendapat bahawa pemburu / pengumpul tidak mempunyai pemimpin tetap; Sebaliknya, orang yang mengambil inisiatif pada satu-satu masa bergantung pada tugas yang sedang dilakukan. Selain kesaksamaan sosial dan ekonomi dalam masyarakat pemburu-pengumpul, sering kali, walaupun tidak selalu, paritas seksual juga. Hunter-gatherers sering dikumpulkan bersama berdasarkan keahlian kekerabatan dan band (atau suku). Kediaman kelahiran di kalangan pemburu-pemburu cenderung menjadi matrilocal, sekurang-kurangnya pada awalnya. Ibu-ibu muda dapat menikmati sokongan penjagaan anak dari ibu mereka sendiri, yang terus hidup di perkampungan yang sama. Sistem kekeluargaan dan keturunan antara pemburu manusia-pengumpul adalah agak fleksibel, walaupun terdapat bukti bahawa kekerabatan awal manusia pada umumnya cenderung menjadi matrilineal. <> Apakah wakil kumpulan tetap yang tidak mempunyai pemburu-pengumpul? || Inisiatif pemimpin tetap <> Inisiatif dalam kumpulan bergantung kepada faktor apa? || tugas yang dilakukan <> Apakah susunan kumpulan biasa dalam otoritas keluarga? || matrilocal <> Apakah sistem kekeluargaan dan sopan di kalangan pemburu-pemburu? || matrilineal <> Kumpulan mana yang mempunyai pemimpin kekal? || <> Siapa yang menjaga bahawa pemburu / pengumpul mempunyai pemimpin kekal? || <> Di mana terdapat kekurangan seksual? || <> Ibu-ibu muda tidak mendapat sokongan anak dari siapa? || <> Sistem manakah yang agak tidak fleksibel? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What permanent group representative do hunter-gatherers not have?", "id": "56df9e1338dc4217001520ec", "answers": [{"text": "permanent leaders", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Initiative within the group depends upon what factor?", "id": "56df9e1338dc4217001520ed", "answers": [{"text": "task being performed", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group arrangement is usual in family authority?", "id": "56df9e1338dc4217001520ef", "answers": [{"text": "matrilocal", "answer_start": 454}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the kinship and decent system among hunter-gatherers?", "id": "56df9e1338dc4217001520f0", "answers": [{"text": "matrilineal", "answer_start": 763}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter/gatherers", "answer_start": 30}], "question": "Which group has permanent leaders?", "id": "5acd52a407355d001abf3d3a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Anthropologists", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who maintains that hunter/gatherers have permanent leaders?", "id": "5acd52a407355d001abf3d3b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherer societies", "answer_start": 219}], "question": "Where is there often sexual disparity?", "id": "5acd52a407355d001abf3d3c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "their own mothers", "answer_start": 533}], "question": "Young mothers get no child support from whom?", "id": "5acd52a407355d001abf3d3d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "kinship and descent among human hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 612}], "question": "Which systems were relatively inflexible?", "id": "5acd52a407355d001abf3d3e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Anthropologists maintain that hunter/gatherers don't have permanent leaders; instead, the person taking the initiative at any one time depends on the task being performed. In addition to social and economic equality in hunter-gatherer societies, there is often, though not always, sexual parity as well. Hunter-gatherers are often grouped together based on kinship and band (or tribe) membership. Postmarital residence among hunter-gatherers tends to be matrilocal, at least initially. Young mothers can enjoy childcare support from their own mothers, who continue living nearby in the same camp. The systems of kinship and descent among human hunter-gatherers were relatively flexible, although there is evidence that early human kinship in general tended to be matrilineal."}], ["Mudah-mudahan para ulama berpendidikan Barat jatuh ke dalam perangkap melihat pengatur sosial dan seksual pemburu yang melihat nilai-nilai Barat. [Editorial] Satu susunan umum adalah pembahagian seksual seksual, dengan wanita melakukan kebanyakan perhimpunan, manakala lelaki menumpukan pada memburu permainan besar. Mungkin dibayangkan bahawa pengaturan ini menindas wanita, menjaga mereka dalam lingkungan domestik. Bagaimanapun, menurut beberapa pemerhati, wanita pemburu tidak akan memahami tafsiran ini. Oleh kerana penjagaan anak adalah kolektif, dengan setiap bayi yang mempunyai banyak ibu dan penjaga lelaki, sfera domestik tidak diawetkan atau diswastakan tetapi menjadi tempat yang berkuasa. Di semua masyarakat pemburu-pengumpul, wanita menghargai daging yang dibawa kembali ke kem oleh lelaki. Satu laporan ilustrasi ialah kajian Megan Biesele tentang Afrika Selatan Ju / 'hoan,' Wanita Seperti Daging '. Penyelidikan arkeologi terkini menunjukkan bahawa pembahagian tenaga seksual adalah inovasi organisasi asas yang memberi Homo sapiens ke atas Neanderthal, yang membolehkan nenek moyang kita berpindah dari Afrika dan tersebar di seluruh dunia. <> Sistem nilai apa yang dilakukan sarjana Barat cenderung untuk digunakan dalam menganalisis masyarakat? || Nilai Barat <> Siapa yang paling banyak berkumpul dalam masyarakat pemburu-pengumpul? || wanita <> Ahli kumpulan apa yang menjadi pemburu permainan besar? || lelaki <> Apakah argumen terhadap wanita seperti yang dikatakan mengumpulkan untuk menghasilkan? || susunan menindas wanita <> Bagaimana penjagaan kanak-kanak dilihat dalam masyarakat pemburu-pengumpul? || penjagaan kanak-kanak adalah kolektif <> Apa yang memberi Neanderthal kelebihan terhadap Homo sapiens? || <> Sangat mudah untuk melihat apa pengaturan dalam terang nilai-nilai Timur? || <> Satu susunan yang jarang berlaku ialah pembahagian seksual apa? || <> Setiap bayi mempunyai seorang ibu dan seorang penjaga lelaki dalam masyarakat apa? || <> Penyelidikan arkeologi purba menunjukkan bahawa pembahagian kerja seksual adalah apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What value system do Western scholars tend to use in analyzing societies?", "id": "56dfa04b38dc421700152126", "answers": [{"text": "Western values", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does most of the gathering in a hunter-gatherer society?", "id": "56dfa04b38dc421700152127", "answers": [{"text": "women", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group members are the big game hunters?", "id": "56dfa04b38dc421700152128", "answers": [{"text": "men", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the argument over women as gathers said to produce ?", "id": "56dfa04b38dc421700152129", "answers": [{"text": "arrangement oppresses women", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is childcare viewed in a hunter-gatherer society?", "id": "56dfa04b38dc42170015212a", "answers": [{"text": "childcare is collective", "answer_start": 514}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the sexual division of labor", "answer_start": 930}], "question": "What gave the Neanderthals the edge over Homo sapiens?", "id": "5acd541e07355d001abf3d62", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "social and sexual", "answer_start": 90}], "question": "It is easy to view what arrangements in the light of Eastern values?", "id": "5acd541e07355d001abf3d63", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "labour", "answer_start": 218}], "question": "One rare arrangement is the sexual division of what?", "id": "5acd541e07355d001abf3d64", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherer", "answer_start": 74}], "question": "Every baby had one mother and one male carer in what society?", "id": "5acd541e07355d001abf3d65", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the fundamental organisational innovation that gave Homo sapiens the edge over the Neanderthals", "answer_start": 963}], "question": "Ancient archaeological research suggests that the sexual division of labor was what?", "id": "5acd541e07355d001abf3d66", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "It is easy for Western-educated scholars to fall into the trap of viewing hunter-gatherer social and sexual arrangements in the light of Western values.[editorializing] One common arrangement is the sexual division of labour, with women doing most of the gathering, while men concentrate on big game hunting. It might be imagined that this arrangement oppresses women, keeping them in the domestic sphere. However, according to some observers, hunter-gatherer women would not understand this interpretation. Since childcare is collective, with every baby having multiple mothers and male carers, the domestic sphere is not atomised or privatised but an empowering place to be.[citation needed] In all hunter-gatherer societies, women appreciate the meat brought back to camp by men. An illustrative account is Megan Biesele's study of the southern African Ju/'hoan, 'Women Like Meat'. Recent archaeological research suggests that the sexual division of labor was the fundamental organisational innovation that gave Homo sapiens the edge over the Neanderthals, allowing our ancestors to migrate from Africa and spread across the globe."}], ["Pertukaran dan perkongsian sumber bersama (contohnya, daging yang diperoleh dari perburuan) adalah penting dalam sistem ekonomi masyarakat pemburu-pengumpul. Oleh itu, masyarakat ini dapat digambarkan berdasarkan \"ekonomi hadiah\". <> Apakah ciri kelakuan kumpulan lain yang diperlukan dalam masyarakat pemburu-pengumpul? || berkongsi <> Apa asas memburu ekonomi perhimpunan? || ekonomi hadiah <> Pengabaian sumber penting dalam masyarakat apa? || <> Masyarakat apa yang boleh digambarkan sebagai \"ekonomi penimbunan\"? || <> Apa yang penting dalam sistem berangka pemburu-pengumpul? || <> Tidak bertukar sumber yang penting di mana masyarakat? || <> Masyarakat mana yang boleh digambarkan sebagai \"ekonomi bersama\"? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What other characteristic of group behavior is needed in a hunter-gatherer society?", "id": "56dface3231d4119001abc66", "answers": [{"text": "sharing", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the basis of a hunting an gathering economy?", "id": "56dface3231d4119001abc68", "answers": [{"text": "gift economy", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherer", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "Hoarding of resources are important in what societies?", "id": "5acd580307355d001abf3e00", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherer", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "What societies can be described as a \"hoarding economy\"?", "id": "5acd580307355d001abf3e01", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mutual exchange and sharing of resources", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is important in the numerical systems of hunter-gatherer societies?", "id": "5acd580307355d001abf3e02", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherer", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "Not exchanging resources is important in which societies?", "id": "5acd580307355d001abf3e03", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherer", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "Which societies can be described as a \"mutual economy\"?", "id": "5acd580307355d001abf3e04", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Mutual exchange and sharing of resources (i.e., meat gained from hunting) are important in the economic systems of hunter-gatherer societies. Therefore, these societies can be described as based on a \"gift economy.\""}], ["Lee dan Guenther telah menolak kebanyakan hujah yang dikemukakan oleh Wilmsen. Doron Shultziner dan lain-lain berhujah bahawa kita boleh belajar banyak tentang gaya hidup para pemburu prasejarah dari kajian pemburu-pemburu kontemporari-terutamanya tahap egalitarianisme yang mengagumkan mereka. <> Siapa yang menolak hujah Wilmsen? || Lee dan Guenther <> Yang gaya hidup yang Shultziner fikir kita boleh belajar? || pemburu prasejarah-pengumpul <> Apa itu pemburu prasejarah yang mengagumkan Shultziner? || egalitarianisme <> Siapa yang menawarkan hujah-hujah yang tidak disukai oleh Lee dan Guenther? || Wilmsen <> Wilmsen telah menolak sebagian besar argumen yang dicadangkan oleh siapa? || <> Siapa yang berpendapat bahawa kita boleh belajar banyak tentang gaya hidup pemburu-pemburu moden? || <> Siapa yang tidak mempunyai tahap egalitarianisme yang mengagumkan? || <> Pengajian para pemburu prasejarah boleh menjelaskan tentang kumpulan mana? || <> Kumpulan mana yang Shultziner percaya kita tidak boleh belajar dari apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who has rejected Wilmsen's arguments?", "id": "56dfc11d231d4119001abda5", "answers": [{"text": "Lee and Guenther", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose lifestyle does Shultziner think we can learn about?", "id": "56dfc11d231d4119001abda7", "answers": [{"text": "prehistoric hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is it about prehistoric hunter-gatherers that impresses Shultziner?", "id": "56dfc11d231d4119001abda8", "answers": [{"text": "egalitarianism", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has offered arguments that Lee and Guenther disliked?", "id": "56dfc11d231d4119001abda9", "answers": [{"text": "Wilmsen", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lee and Guenther", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Wilmsen has rejected most of the arguments put forth by whom?", "id": "5acd5f6f07355d001abf3f70", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Doron Shultziner", "answer_start": 77}], "question": "Who has argued that we can learn a lot about the lifestyles of modern hunter-gatherers?", "id": "5acd5f6f07355d001abf3f71", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "contemporary hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 211}], "question": "Who does not have impressive levels of egalitarianism?", "id": "5acd5f6f07355d001abf3f72", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "contemporary hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 211}], "question": "Studies of prehistoric hunter-gatherers can shed light on which group?", "id": "5acd5f6f07355d001abf3f73", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "contemporary hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 211}], "question": "Which group does Shultziner believe we can't learn anything from?", "id": "5acd5f6f07355d001abf3f74", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Lee and Guenther have rejected most of the arguments put forward by Wilmsen. Doron Shultziner and others have argued that we can learn a lot about the life-styles of prehistoric hunter-gatherers from studies of contemporary hunter-gatherers\u2014especially their impressive levels of egalitarianism."}], ["Sesetengah ahli teori yang menganjurkan kritikan \"revisionis\" itu menyiratkan bahawa, kerana \"pemburu murni-pengumpul\" hilang tidak lama selepas hubungan kolonial (atau pertanian) bermula, tidak ada makna yang dapat dipelajari tentang pemburu prasejarah dari kajian yang moden (Kelly, 24-29; lihat Wilmsen) <> Apa yang boleh dipelajari dari kajian para pemburu moden? || Tidak ada makna yang bermakna <> Siapa sangka bahawa tidak berguna untuk belajar tukang masak moden sejak yang sebenarnya tidak ada? || ahli teori <> Apa jenis pemburu-pengumpul telah hilang? || pemburu tulen-pengumpul <> The \"pemburu murni-pengumpul\" muncul tidak lama selepas apa? || <> Banyak perkara yang bermakna dapat dipelajari tentang pemburu prasejarah dari apa? || <> Tidak ada arti yang boleh dipelajari tentang pengumpul pemburu moden dari kajian tentang apa? || <> Siapa yang menganjurkan \"kritikan\" ini? || <> Apa pendapat ahli teori tentang pemburu-pemburu moden? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What can be learned from the study of modern hunter-gatherers?", "id": "56dfbf01231d4119001abd79", "answers": [{"text": "nothing meaningful", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who thinks that it is useless to study modern foragers since the real ones are gone?", "id": "56dfbf01231d4119001abd7b", "answers": [{"text": "theorists", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of hunter-gatherer has disappeared ?", "id": "56dfbf01231d4119001abd7d", "answers": [{"text": "pure hunter-gatherer", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "colonial (or even agricultural) contact began", "answer_start": 137}], "question": "The \"pure hunter-gatherer\" appeared not long after what?", "id": "5acd5e7b07355d001abf3f42", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "studies of modern ones", "answer_start": 258}], "question": "Many meaningful things can be learned about prehistoric hunter-gatherers from what?", "id": "5acd5e7b07355d001abf3f43", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "modern ones", "answer_start": 269}], "question": "Nothing meaningful can be learned about modern hunter gatherers from the studies of what?", "id": "5acd5e7b07355d001abf3f44", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "theorists", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "Who advocates this \"reviled\" critique?", "id": "5acd5e7b07355d001abf3f45", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "nothing meaningful can be learned", "answer_start": 184}], "question": "What do some theorists imply about modern hunter-gatherers?", "id": "5acd5e7b07355d001abf3f46", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some of the theorists who advocate this \"revisionist\" critique imply that, because the \"pure hunter-gatherer\" disappeared not long after colonial (or even agricultural) contact began, nothing meaningful can be learned about prehistoric hunter-gatherers from studies of modern ones (Kelly, 24-29; see Wilmsen)"}], ["Sesetengah ahli pertanian juga sering memburu dan berkumpul (mis., Pertanian semasa musim beku dan memburu semasa musim sejuk). Masih yang lain di negara maju pergi memburu, terutamanya untuk masa lapang. Di hutan hujan Brazil, kumpulan-kumpulan yang baru-baru ini melakukan, atau bahkan terus, bergantung pada teknik memburu dan pengumpulan tampaknya telah menggunakan gaya hidup ini, meninggalkan kebanyakan pertanian, sebagai cara untuk melepaskan kawalan penjajah dan sebagai akibat dari pengenalan penyakit-penyakit Eropa mengurangkan populasi mereka ke tahap di mana pertanian menjadi sukar. [rujukan?] [diragui - membincangkan] <> Apa yang sering dilakukan oleh ahli pertanian? || memburu dan berkumpul <> Apa yang kadang-kadang mereka lakukan untuk hiburan? || pergi memburu <> Mengapa mereka meninggalkan gaya hidup pertanian? || untuk melarikan diri kawalan penjajah <> Selain mengelakkan kawalan kerajaan, apakah sebab lain yang boleh mereka lakukan? || pertanian menjadi sukar <> Semua pertanian juga apa? || <> Orang lain di negara yang belum dimajukan pergi berburu, terutama untuk apa? || <> Di hutan hujan Afrika, kumpulan terus bergantung pada apa? || <> Kumpulan di kawasan apa yang telah menerima kawalan kolonial? || <> Perburuan biasanya dilakukan dalam free frost? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What do some agriculturalists often do?", "id": "56dfc4a47aa994140058e179", "answers": [{"text": "hunt and gather", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do they sometimes do for entertainment?", "id": "56dfc4a47aa994140058e17a", "answers": [{"text": "go hunting", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why would they leave agricultural lifestyle?", "id": "56dfc4a47aa994140058e17c", "answers": [{"text": "to escape colonial control", "answer_start": 398}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides avoiding government controls, what other reason could they have?", "id": "56dfc4a47aa994140058e17d", "answers": [{"text": "agriculture became difficult", "answer_start": 525}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunt and gather", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "All agriculturalists also what?", "id": "5acd616507355d001abf4008", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "leisure", "answer_start": 191}], "question": "Others in undeveloped countries go hunting, primarily for what?", "id": "5acd616507355d001abf4009", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunting and gathering", "answer_start": 290}], "question": "In the African rainforest, groups continue to rely on what?", "id": "5acd616507355d001abf400a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Brazilian rainforest", "answer_start": 203}], "question": "Groups in what area have accepted colonial control?", "id": "5acd616507355d001abf400b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "season", "answer_start": 90}], "question": "Hunting is usually done in the frost-free what?", "id": "5acd616507355d001abf400c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some agriculturalists also regularly hunt and gather (e.g., farming during the frost-free season and hunting during the winter). Still others in developed countries go hunting, primarily for leisure. In the Brazilian rainforest, those groups that recently did, or even continue to, rely on hunting and gathering techniques seem to have adopted this lifestyle, abandoning most agriculture, as a way to escape colonial control and as a result of the introduction of European diseases reducing their populations to levels where agriculture became difficult.[citation needed][dubious \u2013 discuss]"}], ["Salah satu cara untuk membahagikan kumpulan pemburu adalah dengan sistem pulangan mereka. James Woodburn menggunakan kategori \"pemulangan segera\" pemburu-pengumpul untuk egalitarian dan \"kelewatan pulangan\" untuk nonegalitarian. Pulang pulang segera mengambil makanan mereka dalam sehari atau dua selepas mereka mendapatkannya. Pulang kembali makanan yang terlambat menyimpan lebihan makanan (Kelly, 31). <> Apa artinya sistem pulangan segera? || egalitarian <> Kepada kumpulan apa jenis sistem pulangan tertunda milik? || nonegalitarian <> Kumpulan mana yang makan makanan mereka dalam satu atau dua hari? || pulangan segera <> Apakah satu-satunya cara untuk membahagikan kumpulan pemburu-pengumpul? || <> Sementara tukang makan sementara mengambil makanan mereka bila? || <> Kelly menggunakan kategori \"pengembalian segera\" pemburu-pengumpul untuk apa? || <> Kelly menggunakan kategori \"penundaan lambat\" pemburu-pengumpul untuk apa? || <> Jenis belanjanya menyimpan makanan mereka dalam sehari atau dua selepas mereka mendapatkannya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What  does the immediate return system mean?", "id": "56dfb59a231d4119001abcac", "answers": [{"text": "egalitarian", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what kind of group does the delayed return system belong?", "id": "56dfb59a231d4119001abcad", "answers": [{"text": "nonegalitarian", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which group eats their acquired food in a day or two?", "id": "56dfb59a231d4119001abcae", "answers": [{"text": "immediate return", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "by their return systems", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "What is the only way to divide hunter-gatherer groups?", "id": "5acd5a3607355d001abf3e62", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "within a day or two after they procure it", "answer_start": 242}], "question": "Temporary return foragers consume their food when?", "id": "5acd5a3607355d001abf3e63", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "egalitarian", "answer_start": 144}], "question": "Kelly uses the the category \"immediate return\" hunter-gatherers for what?", "id": "5acd5a3607355d001abf3e64", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "nonegalitarian", "answer_start": 181}], "question": "Kelly uses the the category \"delayed return\" hunter-gatherers for what?", "id": "5acd5a3607355d001abf3e65", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Delayed return", "answer_start": 285}], "question": "What type of forager stores their food within a day or two after they procure it?", "id": "5acd5a3607355d001abf3e66", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "One way to divide hunter-gatherer groups is by their return systems. James Woodburn uses the categories \"immediate return\" hunter-gatherers for egalitarian and \"delayed return\" for nonegalitarian. Immediate return foragers consume their food within a day or two after they procure it. Delayed return foragers store the surplus food (Kelly, 31)."}], ["Ramai pemburu-pemangsa secara sedar memanipulasi landskap melalui memotong atau membakar tumbuh-tumbuhan yang tidak diingini sambil menggalakkan orang-orang yang diingini, sesetengahnya akan sampai ke tahap slash-and-burn untuk mewujudkan habitat untuk haiwan permainan. Aktiviti-aktiviti ini adalah skala yang sama sekali berbeza dengan mereka yang berkaitan dengan pertanian, tetapi mereka adalah pembiakan di beberapa peringkat. Hari ini, hampir semua pemburu-pengumpul bergantung sedikit pada sumber makanan buasir yang dihasilkan secara sambilan atau didagangkan untuk produk yang diperolehi di alam liar. <> Apa yang dikumpulkan oleh pemburu sengaja dimanipulasi? || landskap <> Bagaimana mereka mengurus landskap? || memotong atau membakar tumbuh-tumbuhan yang tidak diingini <> Teknik apa yang mereka gunakan untuk menjadikan habitat haiwan? || slash-and-burn <> Apakah manipulasi lanskap yang berkaitan dengannya? || pertanian <> Apa pemburu moden yang bergantung kepada sekurang-kurangnya sedikit? || makanan buas <> Banyak pemburu-pengumpul tanpa sadar memanipulasi apa? || <> Tidak ada pemburu-pemburu moden bergantung kepada jenis sumber makanan mana? || <> Kumpulan mana yang menggunakan teknik slash-and-burn untuk mewujudkan habitat untuk manusia? || <> Kumpulan mana yang membakar tumbuh-tumbuhan yang diingini sambil menggalakkan orang yang tidak diingini? || <> Sangat sedikit pemburu-pengumpul menggalakkan pembebasan pada tahap apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What do hunter-gathers intentionally manipulate?", "id": "56dfc2b77aa994140058e153", "answers": [{"text": "the landscape", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do they manage the landscape?", "id": "56dfc2b77aa994140058e154", "answers": [{"text": "cutting or burning undesirable plants", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What technique do they use to make animal habitats?", "id": "56dfc2b77aa994140058e155", "answers": [{"text": "slash-and-burn", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the manipulation of the landscape associated with?", "id": "56dfc2b77aa994140058e156", "answers": [{"text": "agriculture", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do modern hunter-gatherers depend on at least somewhat?", "id": "56dfc2b77aa994140058e157", "answers": [{"text": "domesticated food", "answer_start": 430}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the landscape through cutting or burning undesirable plants while encouraging desirable ones", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "Many hunter-gatherers unconsciously manipulate what?", "id": "5acd607f07355d001abf3fbc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "domesticated", "answer_start": 430}], "question": "None of the modern hunter-gatherers depend of which kind of food sources?", "id": "5acd607f07355d001abf3fbd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 5}], "question": "Which group uses a slash-and-burn technique to create habitats for humans?", "id": "5acd607f07355d001abf3fbe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 5}], "question": "Which group burns desirable plants while encouraging undesirable ones?", "id": "5acd607f07355d001abf3fbf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "some", "answer_start": 356}], "question": "Very few hunter-gatherers encourage domestication on what level?", "id": "5acd607f07355d001abf3fc0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Many hunter-gatherers consciously manipulate the landscape through cutting or burning undesirable plants while encouraging desirable ones, some even going to the extent of slash-and-burn to create habitat for game animals. These activities are on an entirely different scale to those associated with agriculture, but they are nevertheless domestication on some level. Today, almost all hunter-gatherers depend to some extent upon domesticated food sources either produced part-time or traded for products acquired in the wild."}], ["Pengumpulan berburu adalah cara hidup manusia biasa sepanjang Paleolitik, tetapi pemerhatian pemburu dan pengumpul semasa hari ini tidak semestinya mencerminkan masyarakat Paleolitik; budaya pemburu yang diperiksa hari ini mempunyai banyak hubungan dengan tamadun moden dan tidak mewakili keadaan \"murni\" yang terdapat di kalangan orang yang tidak terkontaminasi. <> Bagaimana pemburu moden dan mengumpulkannya berbeza dari yang awal? || hubungan dengan peradaban moden <> Apakah jenis syarat yang tidak terdapat dalam masyarakat moden? || murni <> Di manakah anda mencari kumpulan yang mewakili keadaan murni? || dalam masyarakat yang tidak terkawal <> Apa yang tidak mencerminkan pemburu moden? || Pertubuhan paleolitik <> Perhimpunan memburu adalah cara hidup manusia yang tidak biasa sepanjang apa? || <> Budaya pemburu-pengumpul hari ini mewakili apa? || <> Pemerhatian pemburu purba dan pengumpul tidak semestinya mencerminkan apa? || <> Kebudayaan Hunter-pengumpul yang diperiksa hari ini hampir tidak ada hubungan dengan siapa? || <> Budaya apa yang mewakili keadaan \"murni\" yang terdapat di kalangan orang yang tidak terkontaminasi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How do modern hunters and gathers differ from early ones?", "id": "56dfb76d231d4119001abcde", "answers": [{"text": "contact with modern civilization", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of conditions are not present in modern societies?", "id": "56dfb76d231d4119001abcdf", "answers": [{"text": "pristine", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do you find groups that represent pristine conditions?", "id": "56dfb76d231d4119001abce0", "answers": [{"text": "in uncontacted peoples", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do modern hunter-gatherers not reflect?", "id": "56dfb76d231d4119001abce1", "answers": [{"text": "Paleolithic societies", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Paleolithic", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "Hunting-gathering was the uncommon human mode of subsistence throughout what?", "id": "5acd5b4007355d001abf3ea2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"pristine\" conditions found in uncontacted peoples", "answer_start": 308}], "question": "Hunter-gatherer cultures today represent what?", "id": "5acd5b4007355d001abf3ea3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Paleolithic societies", "answer_start": 173}], "question": "Observation of ancient hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect what?", "id": "5acd5b4007355d001abf3ea4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "modern civilization", "answer_start": 267}], "question": "Hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have almost no contact with who?", "id": "5acd5b4007355d001abf3ea5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherer", "answer_start": 200}], "question": "What cultures represent \"pristine\" conditions found in uncontacted peoples?", "id": "5acd5b4007355d001abf3ea6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Hunting-gathering was the common human mode of subsistence throughout the Paleolithic, but the observation of current-day hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect Paleolithic societies; the hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have had much contact with modern civilization and do not represent \"pristine\" conditions found in uncontacted peoples."}], ["Peralihan dari perburuan dan perhimpunan ke pertanian tidak semestinya satu proses. Telah dikatakan bahawa perburuan dan perhimpunan merupakan strategi penyesuaian, yang mungkin masih dieksploitasi, jika perlu, apabila perubahan persekitaran menyebabkan stres makanan yang melampau bagi para ahli pertanian. Sebenarnya, kadang-kadang sukar untuk membuat garis jelas antara masyarakat pertanian dan pemburu-pengumpul, terutamanya sejak penerapan pertanian yang meluas dan penyebaran budaya yang berlaku dalam tempoh 10,000 tahun yang lalu. [Rujukan?] Pandangan antropologi ini tidak berubah sejak 1960-an. [klarifikasi diperlukan] [rujukan?] <> Apa yang memburu dan berkumpul berhujah? || strategi penyesuaian <> Keadaan apa yang boleh menyebabkan tekanan makanan yang membuat perburuan berburu diperlukan? || perubahan alam sekitar <> Apa perubahan dari perburuan dan perhimpunan ke pertanian tidak mudah ditandakan? || peralihan <> Selain penggunaan pertanian, apakah faktor lain yang menyebabkan masalah peralihan dari perburuan dan perhimpunan ke pertanian? || penyebaran budaya <> Berapa lama penyebaran budaya ini berlaku? || 10,000 tahun terakhir <> Peralihan dari perburuan dan perhimpunan ke pertanian selalu merupakan proses apa? || <> Mudah untuk membuat garis yang jelas antara apa? || <> Strategi penyesuaian kekal tidak berubah sejak dekad apa? || <> Bilakah memburu dan berkumpul tidak akan dieksploitasi? || <> Kemerosotan kebudayaan yang dihasilkan telah berlaku dalam tempoh berapa tahun yang lalu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is hunting and gathering argued to be?", "id": "56dfba0f231d4119001abd1f", "answers": [{"text": "adaptive strategy", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What situation can cause food stresses that make hunting-gathering necessary?", "id": "56dfba0f231d4119001abd20", "answers": [{"text": "environmental change", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What change from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not easy to mark?", "id": "56dfba0f231d4119001abd21", "answers": [{"text": "transition", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides the use of agriculture, what other factor clouds the issue of the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture?", "id": "56dfba0f231d4119001abd22", "answers": [{"text": "cultural diffusion", "answer_start": 471}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long has this cultural diffusion been happening?", "id": "56dfba0f231d4119001abd23", "answers": [{"text": "last 10,000 years", "answer_start": 515}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "one way", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is always a what process?", "id": "5acd5c3d07355d001abf3ec8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "agricultural and hunter-gatherer societies", "answer_start": 357}], "question": "It is easy to draw a clear line between what?", "id": "5acd5c3d07355d001abf3ec9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1960s", "answer_start": 610}], "question": "The adaptive strategy has remained unchanged since what decade?", "id": "5acd5c3d07355d001abf3eca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists", "answer_start": 218}], "question": "When will hunting and gathering never be exploited?", "id": "5acd5c3d07355d001abf3ecb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10,000", "answer_start": 520}], "question": "The resulting cultural infusion has occurred in the last how many years?", "id": "5acd5c3d07355d001abf3ecc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not necessarily a one way process. It has been argued that hunting and gathering represents an adaptive strategy, which may still be exploited, if necessary, when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists. In fact, it is sometimes difficult to draw a clear line between agricultural and hunter-gatherer societies, especially since the widespread adoption of agriculture and resulting cultural diffusion that has occurred in the last 10,000 years.[citation needed] This anthropological view has remained unchanged since the 1960s.[clarification needed][citation needed]"}], ["Pada awal 1980-an, segmen kecil ahli antropologi dan ahli arkeologi cuba menunjukkan bahawa kumpulan kontemporari yang biasanya dikenali sebagai pemburu-pemburu tidak, dalam kebanyakan kes, mempunyai sejarah memburu dan berkumpul secara berterusan, dan dalam banyak kes, nenek moyang mereka ahli pertanian dan / atau pastoralis [rujukan?] yang ditolak ke kawasan-kawasan yang marginal akibat migrasi, eksploitasi ekonomi, dan / atau konflik ganas (lihat, misalnya, Debat Kalahari). Hasil dari usaha mereka adalah pengakuan umum bahawa terdapat interaksi yang kompleks antara pemburu-pemburu dan pemburu bukan pemburu selama ribuan tahun. [Rujukan?] <> Jika mereka bukan pemburu semata-mata, apa yang mereka miliki sejarah menjadi? || ahli pertanian <> Apa yang menyebabkan para pekerja pertanian ini menjadi petani ?? || ditolak ke kawasan-kawasan yang marginal <> Keistimewaan macam apa yang boleh memaksa ahli pertanian menjadi tukang tenun? || migrasi <> Selain masalah ekonomi, apa lagi yang boleh mendorong orang ke dalam mencari makanan? || konflik ganas <> Pada awal 1980-an, sekumpulan besar ahli antropologi dan ahli arkeologi cuba apa? || <> Dalam beberapa kes, nenek moyang para pemburu adalah apa? || <> Terdapat interaksi yang mudah antara pemburu-pemburu dan siapa? || <> Sudahkah ada interaksi yang sederhana antara pemburu-pemburu dan pemburu bukan pemburu? || <> Segmen arkitek kecil tetapi vokal cuba untuk menunjukkan pengetahuan mereka tentang pemburu-pemburu dalam apa dekad? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "If they're not purely hunter-gatherers, then what do they have a history of being?", "id": "56dfbcf67aa994140058e0c8", "answers": [{"text": "agriculturalists", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What caused these one-time agriculturalists to become foragers??", "id": "56dfbcf67aa994140058e0c9", "answers": [{"text": "pushed into marginal areas", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of upset could force agriculturalists into being foragers?", "id": "56dfbcf67aa994140058e0ca", "answers": [{"text": "migrations", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides economic troubles, what else could push a people into foraging?", "id": "56dfbcf67aa994140058e0cb", "answers": [{"text": "violent conflict", "answer_start": 439}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to demonstrate that contemporary groups usually identified as hunter-gatherers do not, in most cases, have a continuous history of hunting and gathering", "answer_start": 94}], "question": "In the early 1980s, a large group of anthropologists and archaeologists attempted what?", "id": "5acd5d5007355d001abf3eea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "agriculturalists and/or pastoralists", "answer_start": 292}], "question": "In very few cases, the ancestors of hunter-gatherers were what?", "id": "5acd5d5007355d001abf3eeb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "non-hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 630}], "question": "There has been simple interaction between hunter-gatherers and whom?", "id": "5acd5d5007355d001abf3eec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "millennia", "answer_start": 655}], "question": "Ho wlong has there been simple interaction between hunter-gatherers and non-hunter-gatherers?", "id": "5acd5d5007355d001abf3eed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "early 1980s", "answer_start": 7}], "question": "A small but vocal segment of architects attempted to demonstrate their knowledge of hunter-gatherers in what decade?", "id": "5acd5d5007355d001abf3eee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the early 1980s, a small but vocal segment of anthropologists and archaeologists attempted to demonstrate that contemporary groups usually identified as hunter-gatherers do not, in most cases, have a continuous history of hunting and gathering, and that in many cases their ancestors were agriculturalists and/or pastoralists[citation needed] who were pushed into marginal areas as a result of migrations, economic exploitation, and/or violent conflict (see, for example, the Kalahari Debate). The result of their effort has been the general acknowledgement that there has been complex interaction between hunter-gatherers and non-hunter-gatherers for millennia.[citation needed]"}], ["Masyarakat Hunter-gatherer menunjukkan variabiliti yang ketara, bergantung kepada zon iklim / zon hayat, teknologi yang ada dan struktur masyarakat. Ahli arkeologi memeriksa kit alat pemburu-pengumpul untuk mengukur kebolehubahan di seluruh kumpulan yang berbeza. Collard et al. (2005) mendapati suhu menjadi satu-satunya faktor penting dalam statistik untuk memberi kesan kepada kit alat pemburu-pengumpul. Menggunakan suhu sebagai proksi untuk risiko, hasil Collard et al. Menunjukkan bahawa persekitaran dengan suhu yang melampau menimbulkan ancaman kepada sistem pemburu-pengumpul yang cukup besar untuk menjamin peningkatan kebolehubahan alat. Keputusan ini menyokong teori Torrence (1989) bahawa risiko kegagalan memang merupakan faktor yang paling penting dalam menentukan struktur alat pemburu-pengumpul. <> Apakah satu-satunya faktor penting dalam pilihan alat pemburu-pengumpul? || suhu <> Apakah iklim yang dihasilkan dalam masyarakat pemburu-pengumpul? || variabilitas <> Apakah ancaman yang menyebabkan suhu ekstrem di alam sekitar? || penting <> Apa kesan suhu pada kit alat? || peningkatan kebolehubahan alat <> Apakah teori Torrence pada tahun 1989 mengenai hubungan itu menjadi kebolehubahan kit alat? || risiko kegagalan <> Apa yang didapati sebagai salah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi kit alat pemburu-pengumpul? || <> Persekitaran dengan suhu stabil menimbulkan risiko kepada sistem mana? || <> Risiko kejayaan adalah faktor paling penting dalam menentukan struktur toolkitnya? || <> Struktur pembayaran menjejaskan kebolehubahan yang mana masyarakat? || <> Torrence mendapati suhu menjadi faktor penting untuk toolkit dalam tahun berapa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the only important factor in hunter-gatherer tool choices?", "id": "56dfb034231d4119001abc79", "answers": [{"text": "temperature", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does climate produce in hunter-gatherer societies?", "id": "56dfb034231d4119001abc7a", "answers": [{"text": "variability", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the threat that extreme temperature causes in environment?", "id": "56dfb034231d4119001abc7b", "answers": [{"text": "significant", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does temperature impact on tool kits?", "id": "56dfb034231d4119001abc7c", "answers": [{"text": "increased variability of tools", "answer_start": 551}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Torrence's 1989 theory about that ties into tool kit variability ?", "id": "56dfb034231d4119001abc7d", "answers": [{"text": "risk of failure", "answer_start": 635}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "temperature", "answer_start": 267}], "question": "What was found to be one of the many significant factors affecting hunter-gatherer tool kits?", "id": "5acd591207355d001abf3e1e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherer", "answer_start": 497}], "question": "Environments with stable temperatures posed a risk to which systems?", "id": "5acd591207355d001abf3e1f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hunter-gatherer", "answer_start": 719}], "question": "Risk of success is the most important factor in determining the structure of whose toolkits?", "id": "5acd591207355d001abf3e20", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hunter-gatherer", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Payment structure affected the variability of which societies?", "id": "5acd591207355d001abf3e21", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 255}], "question": "Torrence found temperature to be a significant factor for toolkits in what year?", "id": "5acd591207355d001abf3e22", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Hunter-gatherer societies manifest significant variability, depending on climate zone/life zone, available technology and societal structure. Archaeologists examine hunter-gatherer tool kits to measure variability across different groups. Collard et al. (2005) found temperature to be the only statistically significant factor to impact hunter-gatherer tool kits. Using temperature as a proxy for risk, Collard et al.'s results suggest that environments with extreme temperatures pose a threat to hunter-gatherer systems significant enough to warrant increased variability of tools. These results support Torrence's (1989) theory that risk of failure is indeed the most important factor in determining the structure of hunter-gatherer toolkits."}], ["Bukti menunjukkan pengumpul pemburu permainan melintasi Selat Bering dari Asia (Eurasia) ke Amerika Utara melalui jambatan tanah (Beringia), yang wujud antara 47,000-14,000 tahun yang lalu. Sekitar 18,500-15,500 tahun yang lalu, pemburu-pemburu ini dipercayai telah mengikuti lembu-lembu Pleistocene megafauna yang sekarang telah punah di sepanjang koridor bebas ais yang membentang di antara lembaran ais Laurentide dan Cordilleran. Satu lagi laluan yang dicadangkan ialah, sama ada dengan berjalan kaki atau menggunakan bot-bot primitif, mereka berpindah ke pantai Pasifik ke Amerika Selatan. <> Pemburu-pemburu purba ini mengikuti jejak apa yang mengejar permainan? || ais koridor percuma <> Antara helaian ais yang koridor terletak? || Laurentide dan Cordilleran <> Apa lagi cara mereka boleh menyeberang ke benua ini? || bot primitif <> Pemburu permainan kecil melintasi Selat itu? || <> Hunter-gatherer mengembara sepanjang koridor ais berapa tahun yang lalu? || <> Big-game pemburu cam dari Asia ke Amerika Selatan mengenai apa jambatan? || <> Menggunakan bot maju, mereka juga boleh berhijrah ke Pasifik ke mana? || <> Jambatan tanah dari Asia ke Amerika Selatan wujud berapa tahun yang lalu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "These ancient hunter-gathers followed what path in pursuit of game?", "id": "56dfc85c7aa994140058e1ad", "answers": [{"text": "ice-free corridors", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Between what ice sheets were the corridors located?", "id": "56dfc85c7aa994140058e1ae", "answers": [{"text": "Laurentide and Cordilleran", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other way could they have crossed on to this continent?", "id": "56dfc85c7aa994140058e1af", "answers": [{"text": "primitive boats", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Bering", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "Small-game hunters crossed which Strait?", "id": "5acd642b07355d001abf4060", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Around 18,500-15,500 years ago", "answer_start": 186}], "question": "Hunter-gatherers traveled along iced corridors how many years ago?", "id": "5acd642b07355d001abf4061", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a land bridge", "answer_start": 114}], "question": "Big-game hunters cam from Asia into South America over what bridge?", "id": "5acd642b07355d001abf4062", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "South America", "answer_start": 518}], "question": "Using advanced boats, they also could have migrated down the Pacific to where?", "id": "5acd642b07355d001abf4063", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "47,000\u201314,000 years ago", "answer_start": 161}], "question": "A land bridge from Asia into South America existed how many years ago?", "id": "5acd642b07355d001abf4064", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Evidence suggests big-game hunter gatherers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia (Eurasia) into North America over a land bridge (Beringia), that existed between 47,000\u201314,000 years ago. Around 18,500-15,500 years ago, these hunter-gatherers are believed to have followed herds of now-extinct Pleistocene megafauna along ice-free corridors that stretched between the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets. Another route proposed is that, either on foot or using primitive boats, they migrated down the Pacific coast to South America."}], ["Tempoh Archaic di Amerika melihat persekitaran yang berubah-ubah memaparkan iklim yang lebih hangat dan kehilangan megafauna yang terakhir. Majoriti kumpulan penduduk pada masa ini masih sangat ramai pemburu-pemburu; tetapi sekarang kumpulan individu mula memberi tumpuan kepada sumber-sumber yang ada kepada mereka di dalam negara, oleh itu dengan peredaran masa terdapat corak peningkatan generalisasi serantau seperti tradisi Barat Daya, Arktik, Kemiskinan, Dalton dan Plano. Penyesuaian serantau ini akan menjadi norma, dengan kurang bergantung pada perburuan dan pengumpulan, dengan ekonomi yang lebih bercampur-campur dalam permainan kecil, ikan, sayur-sayuran liar bermusim dan makanan tanaman dituai. <> Apakah jenis iklim yang berlaku di benua Amerika? || lebih hangat lagi <> Apa yang hilang semasa tempoh Archaic? || megafauna <> Apa yang menjadi norma untuk band-band bergerak? || penyesuaian serantau <> Apa yang mereka harapkan kurang dan kurang? || memburu dan berkumpul <> Apakah terdapat corak dalam tempoh ini? || meningkatkan generalisasi serantau <> Tempoh mana di Amerika melihat persekitaran yang tidak berubah? || <> Penampilan pertama megafauna berlaku dalam apa tempoh? || <> Lebih sejuk, iklim yang lebih panas berlaku dalam apa tempoh? || <> Minit kumpulan penduduk pada masa ini adalah apa? || <> Kumpulan mana yang mula memberi tumpuan kepada sumber yang tersedia kepada mereka secara global? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of climate occurred in the Americas?", "id": "56dfcc01231d4119001abe05", "answers": [{"text": "warmer more arid", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What disappeared during the Archaic period?", "id": "56dfcc01231d4119001abe06", "answers": [{"text": "megafauna", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What became the norm for the mobile bands?", "id": "56dfcc01231d4119001abe07", "answers": [{"text": "regional adaptations", "answer_start": 476}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did they rely less and less on?", "id": "56dfcc01231d4119001abe08", "answers": [{"text": "hunting and gathering", "answer_start": 542}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was there a pattern of in this period?", "id": "56dfcc01231d4119001abe09", "answers": [{"text": "increasing regional generalization", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Archaic period", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Which period in the Americas saw an unchanging environment?", "id": "5acd65ac07355d001abf40a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Archaic period", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "The first appearance of the megafauna happened in what period?", "id": "5acd65ac07355d001abf40a9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Archaic period", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "A colder, more arid climate happened in what period?", "id": "5acd65ac07355d001abf40aa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "still highly mobile hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 196}], "question": "The minority of population groups at this time were what?", "id": "5acd65ac07355d001abf40ab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "individual groups", "answer_start": 242}], "question": "Which groups started to focus on resources available to them globally?", "id": "5acd65ac07355d001abf40ac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Archaic period in the Americas saw a changing environment featuring a warmer more arid climate and the disappearance of the last megafauna. The majority of population groups at this time were still highly mobile hunter-gatherers; but now individual groups started to focus on resources available to them locally, thus with the passage of time there is a pattern of increasing regional generalization like, the Southwest, Arctic, Poverty, Dalton and Plano traditions. This regional adaptations would become the norm, with reliance less on hunting and gathering, with a more mixed economy of small game, fish, seasonally wild vegetables and harvested plant foods."}], ["Walau bagaimanapun terdapat beberapa orang pemburu kontemporari kontemporari yang, selepas hubungan dengan masyarakat lain, meneruskan cara hidup mereka dengan pengaruh luar yang sangat sedikit. Satu kumpulan itu ialah Pila Nguru (orang Spinifex) dari Australia Barat, yang habitatnya di Gurun Great Victoria telah terbukti tidak sesuai untuk pertanian Eropah (dan juga pastoralism). [Rujukan?] Yang lain adalah orang Sentinel Kepulauan Andaman di Lautan Hindi , yang tinggal di Pulau Sentinel Utara dan setakat ini telah mengekalkan kewujudan bebas mereka, menangkis percubaan untuk melibatkan diri dan menghubungi mereka. [rujukan?] <> Apakah nama orang Spinifex? || Pila Nguru <> Di manakah orang Pila Nguru? || Australia Barat <> Siapa yang enggan menghubungi orang luar di Pulau Sentinel? || Sentinelese <> Di mana orang-orang Sentinel dan Kepulauan Andaman? || Lautan Hindi <> Kumpulan mana terletak di Western Austria? || <> Kumpulan mana yang terletak di Gurun Gobi? || <> Kumpulan mana yang tinggal di Pulau Sands Utara? || <> Kumpulan mana yang tidak mengekalkan kewujudan mereka sendiri? || <> Habitat yang terletak di mana telah terbukti sesuai untuk pertanian Eropah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the Spinifex people?", "id": "56dfc69b231d4119001abde7", "answers": [{"text": "Pila Nguru", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do the Pila Nguru people live?", "id": "56dfc69b231d4119001abde8", "answers": [{"text": "Western Australia", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who refuses contact with outsiders on Sentinel Island?", "id": "56dfc69b231d4119001abdea", "answers": [{"text": "Sentinelese", "answer_start": 398}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are the Sentinelese and the Andaman Islands?", "id": "56dfc69b231d4119001abdeb", "answers": [{"text": "Indian Ocean", "answer_start": 440}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pila Nguru", "answer_start": 200}], "question": "Which group is located in Western Austria?", "id": "5acd629407355d001abf402e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Pila Nguru", "answer_start": 196}], "question": "Which group is located in the Gobi Desert?", "id": "5acd629407355d001abf402f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Sentinelese", "answer_start": 394}], "question": "Which group lives on the North Sands Island?", "id": "5acd629407355d001abf4030", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Sentinelese", "answer_start": 394}], "question": "Which group has not maintained their independent existence?", "id": "5acd629407355d001abf4031", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in the Great Victoria Desert", "answer_start": 265}], "question": "The habitat located where has proved suitable for European agriculture?", "id": "5acd629407355d001abf4032", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There are nevertheless a number of contemporary hunter-gatherer peoples who, after contact with other societies, continue their ways of life with very little external influence. One such group is the Pila Nguru (Spinifex people) of Western Australia, whose habitat in the Great Victoria Desert has proved unsuitable for European agriculture (and even pastoralism).[citation needed] Another are the Sentinelese of the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean, who live on North Sentinel Island and to date have maintained their independent existence, repelling attempts to engage with and contact them.[citation needed]"}], ["Hunter-gatherers akhirnya akan berkembang di seluruh Amerika, terutamanya yang berpusat di Great Plains di Amerika Syarikat dan Kanada, dengan cabang dari timur ke Semenanjung Gasp\u00e9 di pantai Atlantik, dan sejauh selatan Chile, Monte Verde. diperlukan] Pemburu-pemburu Amerika tersebar di kawasan geografi yang luas, oleh itu terdapat variasi serantau dalam gaya hidup. Bagaimanapun, semua kumpulan individu berkongsi gaya pengeluaran alat batu yang sama, membuat gaya mengetuk dan kemajuan yang dapat dikenalpasti. Ini penyesuaian alat pengurangan lithic period awal Paleo-India telah ditemui di seluruh Amerika, digunakan oleh band-band yang sangat mudah alih yang terdiri daripada kira-kira 25 hingga 50 ahli keluarga lanjutan. <> Di manakah pemburu Amerika Utara yang kebanyakannya hidup? || Great Plains <> Apa ciri asas yang dikongsi oleh semua pemburu-pengumpul? || pengeluaran alat batu <> Apa itu gaya alat yang luar biasa? || gaya biasa <> Di mana terdapat alat awal Paleo -India yang telah ditemui? || di seluruh Amerika <> Berapa banyak ahli yang sering melakukan pemburu alat mudah alih? || 25 hingga 50 ahli <> Kumpulan mana yang tersebar di kawasan geografi kecil? || <> Semua kumpulan individu berkongsi gaya yang tidak biasa tentang apa? || <> Penyesuaian alat ini telah digunakan oleh apa yang sangat tidak aktif? || <> Hunter-gatherers tidak akan berkembang maju dengan apa? || <> Terdapat sedikit variasi dalam gaya hidup di kalangan kumpulan mana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did the North American hunter-gathers mostly live?", "id": "56dfca3c231d4119001abdfb", "answers": [{"text": "Great Plains", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What basic trait do all hunter-gatherers share?", "id": "56dfca3c231d4119001abdfc", "answers": [{"text": "stone tool production", "answer_start": 445}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is it about the tool styles that is remarkable?", "id": "56dfca3c231d4119001abdfd", "answers": [{"text": "common style", "answer_start": 429}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where have early Paleo -Indian tools been found?", "id": "56dfca3c231d4119001abdfe", "answers": [{"text": "across the Americas", "answer_start": 599}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many members did the mobile tool-making hunters often have?", "id": "56dfca3c231d4119001abdff", "answers": [{"text": "25 to 50 members", "answer_start": 680}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "American hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 265}], "question": "Which group was spread over small geographical area?", "id": "5acd64e607355d001abf408e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "stone tool production", "answer_start": 445}], "question": "All individual groups shared a uncommon style of what?", "id": "5acd64e607355d001abf408f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "bands", "answer_start": 646}], "question": "These tool adaptations have been utilized by highly sedentary what?", "id": "5acd64e607355d001abf4090", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Americas", "answer_start": 56}], "question": "Hunter-gatherers would never flourish over the what?", "id": "5acd64e607355d001abf4091", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "American hunter-gatherers", "answer_start": 265}], "question": "There were very few regional variations in lifestyles among which group?", "id": "5acd64e607355d001abf4092", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Hunter-gatherers would eventually flourish all over the Americas, primarily based in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, with offshoots as far east as the Gasp\u00e9 Peninsula on the Atlantic coast, and as far south as Chile, Monte Verde.[citation needed] American hunter-gatherers were spread over a wide geographical area, thus there were regional variations in lifestyles. However, all the individual groups shared a common style of stone tool production, making knapping styles and progress identifiable. This early Paleo-Indian period lithic reduction tool adaptations have been found across the Americas, utilized by highly mobile bands consisting of approximately 25 to 50 members of an extended family."}]], [["Menurut UNFPA, unsur-unsur ini mempromosikan hak \"kesehatan reproduktif\", yaitu kesehatan fisikal, mental, dan sosial dalam hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan pembiakan dan sistem reproduksi. <> UNFPA menyenaraikan unsur-unsur yang mempromosikan hak asasi manusia? || kesihatan reproduktif <> Unsur-unsur ini berkaitan dengan kesihatan yang berkaitan dengan reproduksi dan apa lagi? || sistem pembiakan <> Apakah unsur ketiga? || kesihatan sosial <> UNFPA menyenaraikan unsur-unsur yang mengabaikan hak manusia? || <> Unsur-unsur ini mengabaikan kesihatan yang berkaitan dengan pembiakan dan apa lagi? || <> Unsur apa yang tidak penting kepada UNFPA? || <> Apa yang tidak dilihat sebagai hak kepada UNFPA? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "UNFPA lists elements that promote what human right?", "id": "56df55bb96943c1400a5d3cd", "answers": [{"text": "reproductive health", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "These elements concern health related to reproduction and what else?", "id": "56df55bb96943c1400a5d3cf", "answers": [{"text": "the reproductive system", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the third element?", "id": "56df55bc96943c1400a5d3d1", "answers": [{"text": "social health", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "reproductive health", "answer_start": 56}], "question": "UNFPA lists elements that neglect what human right?", "id": "5a297e1403c0e7001a3e17c0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the reproductive system", "answer_start": 161}], "question": "These elements ignore health related to reproduction and what else?", "id": "5a297e1403c0e7001a3e17c1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "social health", "answer_start": 108}], "question": "What element is not important to the UNFPA?", "id": "5a297e1403c0e7001a3e17c2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "reproductive health", "answer_start": 56}], "question": "What is not seen as a right to the UNFPA?", "id": "5a297e1403c0e7001a3e17c3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to UNFPA these elements promote the right of \"reproductive health\", that is physical, mental, and social health in matters related to reproduction and the reproductive system."}], ["UNFPA menyokong program-program di lebih dari 150 negara, wilayah dan kawasan tersebar di empat wilayah geografi: Negara-negara Arab dan Eropah, Asia dan Pasifik, Amerika Latin dan Caribbean, dan Afrika sub-Sahara. Sekitar tiga suku kerja kakitangan di lapangan. Ia adalah ahli Kumpulan Pembangunan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa dan sebahagian daripada Jawatankuasa Eksekutifnya. <> Berapa banyak kawasan geografi yang berfungsi di UNFPA? || empat <> Mengenai pecahan apa kerja lapangan UNFPA? || tiga perempat <> UNFPA adalah sebahagian daripada kumpulan U.N yang lebih besar? || Kumpulan Pembangunan Bangsa-Bangsa <> UNFPA mengelompokkan kawasan apa pun di rantau geografi yang sama dengan Negara Arab? || Eropah <> Berapa banyak negara yang belum menyokong UNFPA? || <> Rantau apa yang UNFPA terletak semata-mata? || <> Apakah kumpulan-kumpulan yang belum terlibat dengan UNFPA? || <> Seberapa kecil pekerja di Amerika Latin? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In how many geographic regions does UNFPA operate?", "id": "56df49648bc80c19004e4a00", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About what fraction of UNFPA's staff do field work?", "id": "56df49648bc80c19004e4a01", "answers": [{"text": "three quarters", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "UNFPA is part of what larger U.N. group?", "id": "56df49648bc80c19004e4a02", "answers": [{"text": "United Nations Development Group", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "UNFPA groups what area in the same geographic region as the Arab States?", "id": "56df49648bc80c19004e4a03", "answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "more than 150 countries", "answer_start": 31}], "question": "How many countries do not yet support UNFPA?", "id": "5a29787703c0e7001a3e178c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Arab States and Europe", "answer_start": 117}], "question": "What region is UNFPA solely located in?", "id": "5a29787703c0e7001a3e178d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United Nations Development Group and part of its Executive Committee", "answer_start": 296}], "question": "What groups are not yet involved with UNFPA?", "id": "5a29787703c0e7001a3e178e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three quarters", "answer_start": 227}], "question": "What fraction of workers are located in Latin America?", "id": "5a29787703c0e7001a3e178f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The UNFPA supports programs in more than 150 countries, territories and areas spread across four geographic regions: Arab States and Europe, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and sub-Saharan Africa. Around three quarters of the staff work in the field. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group and part of its Executive Committee."}], ["Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan adalah bercita-cita tinggi, dan mereka memerlukan usaha besar di seluruh negara, benua, industri dan disiplin - tetapi mereka boleh dicapai. UNFPA bekerjasama dengan kerajaan, rakan kongsi dan badan-badan PBB lain untuk menangani secara langsung banyak matlamat ini - khususnya Matlamat 3 mengenai kesihatan, Matlamat 4 mengenai pendidikan dan Matlamat 5 mengenai kesetaraan gender - dan menyumbang dalam pelbagai cara untuk mencapai banyak rehat . <> Adakah Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan dianggap sebagai ambisius atau sederhana dalam skop? || bercita-cita tinggi <> Ketiga sasaran berkenaan dengan apa? || kesihatan <> Apa matlamat keempat fokus pada peningkatan? || pendidikan <> Apakah topik matlamat kelima? || persamaan jantina <> Ketiga sasaran adalah untuk mengurangkan apa? || <> Apa tujuan Hasrat 4 untuk membasmi? || <> Topik topik yang diabaikan oleh Matlamat 5? || <> Matlamat apa yang dilihat mudah diselesaikan oleh negara sendiri? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Are the Sustainable Development Goals considered ambitious or modest in scope?", "id": "56df4ef296943c1400a5d363", "answers": [{"text": "ambitious", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The third of the goals concerns what?", "id": "56df4ef296943c1400a5d365", "answers": [{"text": "health", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the fourth goal focus on improving?", "id": "56df4ef296943c1400a5d366", "answers": [{"text": "education", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the topic of the fifth goal?", "id": "56df4ef296943c1400a5d367", "answers": [{"text": "gender equality", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "health", "answer_start": 303}], "question": "The third of the goals is to decrease what?", "id": "5a297af903c0e7001a3e17a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "education", "answer_start": 321}], "question": "What does Goal 4 desire to eradicate?", "id": "5a297af903c0e7001a3e17a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "gender equality", "answer_start": 345}], "question": "What topic was ignored by Goal 5?", "id": "5a297af903c0e7001a3e17a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sustainable Development Goals", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What goals were seen as being easily solved by states alone?", "id": "5a297af903c0e7001a3e17a9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Sustainable Development Goals are ambitious, and they will require enormous efforts across countries, continents, industries and disciplines - but they are achievable. UNFPA is working with governments, partners and other UN agencies to directly tackle many of these goals - in particular Goal 3 on health, Goal 4 on education and Goal 5 on gender equality - and contributes in a variety of ways to achieving many of the rest. "}], ["Pengarah Eksekutif dan Ketua Setiausaha Negara PBB\n2011-sekarang Dr Babatunde Osotimehin (Nigeria)\n2000-2010 Cik Thoraya Ahmed Obaid (Arab Saudi)\n1987-2000 Dr Nafis Sadik (Pakistan)\n1969-87 Encik Rafael M. Salas (Filipina) <> Siapa Pengarah Eksekutif atau Ketua Setiausaha dari tahun 1969 hingga 1987? || Rafael M. Salas <> Dr Babatunde Osotimehin berasal dari negara mana? || Nigeria <> Siapa Pengarah Eksekutif atau Ketua Setiausaha dari tahun 2000 hingga 2010? || Thoraya Ahmed Obaid <> Doktor mana dari Pakistan berkhidmat sehingga tahun 2000? || Dr Nafis Sadik <> Dr Babatunde Osotimehin belum pernah ke negara apa? || <> Siapa yang dari PBB hilang semasa 1969-87? || <> Doktor mana dari Pakistan berkhidmat sehingga 2010? || <> Apa lelaki yang berkhidmat dari Arab Saudi? || <> Apa yang Nigeria dikenali sebagai seorang doktor? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 1969 to 1987?", "id": "56df50e896943c1400a5d382", "answers": [{"text": "Rafael M. Salas", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dr Babatunde Osotimehin hailed from what country?", "id": "56df50e896943c1400a5d383", "answers": [{"text": "Nigeria", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 2000 to 2010?", "id": "56df50e896943c1400a5d384", "answers": [{"text": "Thoraya Ahmed Obaid", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which doctor from Pakistan served until 2000?", "id": "56df50e896943c1400a5d385", "answers": [{"text": "Dr Nafis Sadik", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nigeria", "answer_start": 98}], "question": "Dr Babatunde Osotimehin has never been to what country?", "id": "5a297c8903c0e7001a3e17ae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mr Rafael M. Salas", "answer_start": 199}], "question": "Who from the UN was missing during 1969-87?", "id": "5a297c8903c0e7001a3e17af", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Dr Nafis Sadik", "answer_start": 165}], "question": "Which doctor from Pakistan served until 2010?", "id": "5a297c8903c0e7001a3e17b0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Thoraya Ahmed Obaid", "answer_start": 120}], "question": "What man served from Saudi Arabia?", "id": "5a297c8903c0e7001a3e17b1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Babatunde Osotimehin", "answer_start": 76}], "question": "What Nigerian was falsely known as being a doctor?", "id": "5a297c8903c0e7001a3e17b2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Executive Directors and Under-Secretaries General of the UN\n2011\u2013present Dr Babatunde Osotimehin (Nigeria)\n2000\u20132010 Ms Thoraya Ahmed Obaid (Saudi Arabia)\n1987\u20132000 Dr Nafis Sadik (Pakistan)\n1969\u201387 Mr Rafael M. Salas (Philippines)"}], ["Pada bulan September 2015, 193 negara anggota Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu sebulat suara menerima pakai Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan, satu set 17 matlamat yang bertujuan mengubah dunia dalam 15 tahun akan datang. Matlamat ini direka untuk menghapuskan kemiskinan, diskriminasi, penyalahgunaan dan kematian yang boleh dicegah, menangani kemusnahan alam sekitar, dan mengantar era pembangunan untuk semua orang, di mana-mana. <> Bilakah U.N. mengundi untuk mengadaptasikan Matlamat Pembangunan Mapan? || 2015 <> Berapa banyak negara yang menggunakan Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan? || 193 <> Berapa banyak Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan yang ada? || 17 <> Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan yang dimaksudkan untuk mengubah dunia dalam tempoh masa apa? || 15 tahun <> Berapa banyak negara anggota mengundi terhadap Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan? || <> Berapa tahun yang diperlukan untuk membentuk matlamat? || <> Matlamat apa yang bertujuan untuk menjaga perkara yang sama di dunia? || <> Matlamat mana yang dirancang untuk meningkatkan kemiskinan? || <> Apa yang dianggap tidak penting kepada PBB? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the U.N. vote to adopt the Sustainable Development Goals?", "id": "56df4c618bc80c19004e4a2d", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many countries adopted the Sustainable Development Goals?", "id": "56df4c618bc80c19004e4a2e", "answers": [{"text": "193", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Sustainable Development Goals are there?", "id": "56df4c618bc80c19004e4a30", "answers": [{"text": "17", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Sustainable Development Goals are intended to change the world over what time period?", "id": "56df4c618bc80c19004e4a31", "answers": [{"text": "15 years", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "193", "answer_start": 23}], "question": "How many member states voted against Sustainable Development Goals?", "id": "5a297a7203c0e7001a3e179c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "15", "answer_start": 180}], "question": "How many years did it take to form the goals?", "id": "5a297a7203c0e7001a3e179d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sustainable Development Goals", "answer_start": 87}], "question": "What goals aimed at keeping things the same in the world?", "id": "5a297a7203c0e7001a3e179e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sustainable Development Goals", "answer_start": 87}], "question": "Which goals were designed to increase poverty?", "id": "5a297a7203c0e7001a3e179f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "environmental destruction", "answer_start": 291}], "question": "What was considered unimportant to the UN?", "id": "5a297a7203c0e7001a3e17a0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In September 2015, the 193 member states of the United Nations unanimously adopted the Sustainable Development Goals, a set of 17 goals aiming to transform the world over the next 15 years. These goals are designed to eliminate poverty, discrimination, abuse and preventable deaths, address environmental destruction, and usher in an era of development for all people, everywhere."}], ["UNFPA bekerjasama dengan kerajaan, bersama dengan agensi-agensi PBB, masyarakat, NGO, yayasan dan sektor swasta yang lain, untuk meningkatkan kesedaran dan menggerakkan sokongan dan sumber-sumber yang diperlukan untuk mencapai misinya untuk mempromosikan hak dan kesihatan wanita dan remaja. <> Misi UNFPA adalah untuk mempromosikan hak dan kesihatan siapa? || wanita dan remaja <> Dengan siapa UNFPA bekerja dalam perkongsian? || kerajaan <> Dengan apa jenis agensi yang UNFPA berfungsi? || Agensi-agensi Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu <> Selain menggerakkan sokongan dan sumber, apakah yang dilakukan oleh UNFPA dengan rakan-rakannya? || meningkatkan kesadaran <> Siapa yang bekerja dengan UNFPA sebagai tambahan kepada lembaga pemerintah dan U.N? || komuniti, NGO, yayasan dan sektor swasta <> misi UNFPA adalah untuk menafikan hak dan kesihatan mereka? || <> Dengan siapa UNFPA mengelakkan bekerjasama? || <> Dengan apa jenis agensi yang tidak berfungsi dengan UNFPA? || <> Selain menggerakkan sokongan dan sumber, apakah yang ingin dikurangkan oleh UNFPA? || <> Siapa yang paling cedera oleh UNFPA? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "UNFPA's mission is to promote the rights and health of whom?", "id": "56df5a8096943c1400a5d40f", "answers": [{"text": "women and young people", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With whom does UNFPA work in partnership?", "id": "56df5a8096943c1400a5d410", "answers": [{"text": "governments", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With what sort of agencies does UNFPA work?", "id": "56df5a8096943c1400a5d411", "answers": [{"text": "United Nations agencies", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to mobilizing support and resources, what does UNFPA do with its partners?", "id": "56df5a8096943c1400a5d412", "answers": [{"text": "raise awareness", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does UNFPA work with in addition to government and U.N. agencies?", "id": "56df5a8096943c1400a5d413", "answers": [{"text": "communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "women and young people", "answer_start": 266}], "question": "UNFPA's mission is to deny the rights and health of whom?", "id": "5a29816f03c0e7001a3e17d0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "governments", "answer_start": 32}], "question": "With whom does UNFPA avoid partnering with?", "id": "5a29816f03c0e7001a3e17d1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United Nations agencies", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "With what sort of agencies does UNFPA not work with?", "id": "5a29816f03c0e7001a3e17d2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "awareness", "answer_start": 151}], "question": "In addition to mobilizing support and resources, what does UNFPA want to decrease?", "id": "5a29816f03c0e7001a3e17d3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "women and young people", "answer_start": 266}], "question": "Who is hurt most by the UNFPA?", "id": "5a29816f03c0e7001a3e17d4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "UNFPA works in partnership with governments, along with other United Nations agencies, communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector, to raise awareness and mobilize the support and resources needed to achieve its mission to promote the rights and health of women and young people."}], ["UNFPA mula beroperasi pada tahun 1969 sebagai Tabung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa untuk Aktiviti Penduduk (namanya diubah pada tahun 1987) di bawah pentadbiran Dana Pembangunan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. Pada tahun 1971 ia diletakkan di bawah kuasa Perhimpunan Agung Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. <> Bilakah UNFPA memulakan kerjanya? || 1969 <> Apakah nama asal UNFPA? || Tabung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu untuk Kegiatan Populasi <> Bilakah organisasi menukar namanya? || 1987 <> UNFPA pada asalnya ditadbir oleh badan U.N. || <B> Bilakah UNFPA berpindah ke bawah kuasa Perhimpunan Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu? || 1971 <> Mengapa UNFPA tidak pernah mengubah nama mereka? || <> Apakah kuasa tidak pernah terlibat dengan UNFPA? || <> Tahun berapakah Perhimpunan Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu membubarkan? || <> Apakah Dana Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu tidak diketahui? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did UNFPA begin its work?", "id": "56df4ae18bc80c19004e4a1f", "answers": [{"text": "1969", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was UNFPA's original name?", "id": "56df4ae18bc80c19004e4a20", "answers": [{"text": "United Nations Fund for Population Activities", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the organization change its name?", "id": "56df4ae18bc80c19004e4a21", "answers": [{"text": "1987", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "UNFPA was originally administered by what U.N. body?", "id": "56df4ae18bc80c19004e4a22", "answers": [{"text": "United Nations Development Fund", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was UNFPA moved to being under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly?", "id": "56df4ae18bc80c19004e4a23", "answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "it was placed under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "Why did UNFPA never change their name?", "id": "5a29799103c0e7001a3e1794", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United Nations General Assembly", "answer_start": 229}], "question": "What authority was never involved with UNFPA?", "id": "5a29799103c0e7001a3e1795", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 183}], "question": "What year did the United Nations General Assembly disband?", "id": "5a29799103c0e7001a3e1796", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Population Activities", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "What was the United Nations Fund not known for?", "id": "5a29799103c0e7001a3e1797", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "UNFPA began operations in 1969 as the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (the name was changed in 1987) under the administration of the United Nations Development Fund. In 1971 it was placed under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly."}], ["Dana ini meningkatkan kesedaran dan menyokong usaha untuk memenuhi keperluan ini di negara-negara membangun, menumpukan perhatian kepada kebimbangan penduduk, dan membantu negara-negara membangun merumuskan dasar dan strategi dalam menyokong pembangunan mampan. Dr Osotimehin menganggap kepimpinan pada bulan Januari 2011. Dana ini juga diwakili oleh Duta Besar Muhibah UNFPA dan Penaung. <> Di mana Dana berfungsi untuk meningkatkan kesedaran dan memberi sokongan? || negara-negara membangun <> Kepada apa yang disokong oleh Dana yang mendapat perhatian yang mendalam? || kebimbangan penduduk <> Apa dua perkara yang Dana membantu negara-negara membangun merumuskan untuk menyokong pembangunan mampan? || dasar dan strategi <> Siapa yang mengambil kepemimpinan Dana dalam bulan Januari 2011? || Dr Osotimehin <> Dana diwakili oleh Penaung dan siapa lagi? || Duta Muhibah <> Di mana Dana berfungsi untuk mengurangkan kesedaran dan mengurangkan sokongan? || <> Kepada apa yang disokong oleh The Fund bahawa tidak ada perhatian yang harus dibayar? || <> Siapa yang enggan memimpin Dana ini pada bulan Januari 2011? || <> Siapa lagi yang tidak diwakili oleh Dana ini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does The Fund work to raise awareness and provide support?", "id": "56df578c8bc80c19004e4adf", "answers": [{"text": "developing countries", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what does The Fund advocate that close attention be paid?", "id": "56df578c8bc80c19004e4ae0", "answers": [{"text": "population concerns", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two things does The Fund help developing nations formulate to support sustainable development?", "id": "56df578c8bc80c19004e4ae1", "answers": [{"text": "policies and strategies", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who took up leadership of The Fund in January 2011?", "id": "56df578c8bc80c19004e4ae2", "answers": [{"text": "Dr. Osotimehin", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Fund is represented by a Patron and who else?", "id": "56df578c8bc80c19004e4ae3", "answers": [{"text": "Goodwill Ambassadors", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "developing countries", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "Where does The Fund work to lower awareness and decrease support?", "id": "5a2980b803c0e7001a3e17c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "population concerns", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "To what does The Fund advocate that no attention be paid?", "id": "5a2980b803c0e7001a3e17c9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Dr. Osotimehin", "answer_start": 247}], "question": "Who refused to take leadership of The Fund in January 2011?", "id": "5a2980b803c0e7001a3e17ca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Goodwill Ambassadors", "answer_start": 336}], "question": "Who else is not represented by The Fund?", "id": "5a2980b803c0e7001a3e17cb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Fund raises awareness of and supports efforts to meet these needs in developing countries, advocates close attention to population concerns, and helps developing nations formulate policies and strategies in support of sustainable development. Dr. Osotimehin assumed leadership in January 2011. The Fund is also represented by UNFPA Goodwill Ambassadors and a Patron."}], ["Dana Penduduk Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (UNFPA), dahulunya Tabung Pertubuhan Bangsa untuk Aktiviti Penduduk, adalah organisasi PBB. UNFPA mengatakan ia \"adalah agensi PBB utama untuk menyampaikan dunia di mana setiap kehamilan diinginkan, setiap kelahiran selamat dan potensi setiap orang muda dipenuhi.\" Kerja mereka melibatkan peningkatan kesihatan reproduktif; termasuk penciptaan strategi dan protokol kebangsaan, dan menyediakan bekalan dan perkhidmatan. Organisasi baru-baru ini telah diketahui untuk kempen di seluruh dunia terhadap fistula obstetrik dan mutilasi alat kelamin wanita. <> Apakah nama semasa Dana Pertubuhan Bangsa untuk Aktiviti Populasi? || Pekerjaan Penduduk Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu <> Kerja UNFPA berkenaan dengan kawasan umum? || kesihatan reproduktif <> Salah satu tujuan UNFPA adalah untuk membuat semua kehamilan apa? || ingin <> Satu lagi tujuan UNFPA adalah untuk membuat semua jenis kelahiran? || selamat <> Apa, selain kerja-kerja terhadap fistula obstetrik, adakah UNFPA berkempen? || Mutilasi alat kelamin perempuan <> Apakah UNFPA cuba mengelakkan? || <> Apa yang tidak disediakan oleh UNFPA? || <> Di mana UNFPA telah paling tidak diketahui baru-baru ini? || <> Apakah kempen tempatan yang paling terlibat dengan UNFPA? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the current name of the United Nations Fund for Population Activities?", "id": "56df47738bc80c19004e49e1", "answers": [{"text": "United Nations Population Fund", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "UNFPA's work concerns what general area?", "id": "56df47738bc80c19004e49e2", "answers": [{"text": "reproductive health", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "One of UNFPA's goals is to make all pregnancies what?", "id": "56df47738bc80c19004e49e3", "answers": [{"text": "wanted", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Another of UNFPA's goals is to make all childbirths what?", "id": "56df47738bc80c19004e49e4", "answers": [{"text": "safe", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What, in addition to its work against obstetric fistula, is UNFPA campaigning against?", "id": "56df47738bc80c19004e49e5", "answers": [{"text": "female genital mutilation", "answer_start": 551}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "reproductive health", "answer_start": 338}], "question": "What does UNFPA try to avoid?", "id": "5a2977c803c0e7001a3e1784", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "supplies and services", "answer_start": 430}], "question": "What does UNFPA not provide?", "id": "5a2977c803c0e7001a3e1785", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "worldwide", "answer_start": 502}], "question": "Where has UNFPA been the most unknown recently?", "id": "5a2977c803c0e7001a3e1786", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "against obstetric fistula and female genital mutilation", "answer_start": 521}], "question": "What local campaigns is UNFPA most involved with?", "id": "5a2977c803c0e7001a3e1787", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), formerly the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, is a UN organization. The UNFPA says it \"is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potential is fulfilled.\"  Their work involves the improvement of reproductive health; including creation of national strategies and protocols, and providing supplies and services. The organization has recently been known for its worldwide campaign against obstetric fistula and female genital mutilation."}], ["UNFPA adalah sumber pendanaan multilateral terbesar di dunia untuk program kesihatan penduduk dan reproduktif. Dana ini berfungsi dengan kerajaan dan organisasi bukan kerajaan di lebih 150 negara dengan sokongan komuniti antarabangsa, program sokongan yang membantu wanita, lelaki dan remaja: <> UNFPA adalah pembiaya terbesar di dunia dari jenis program apa? || populasi dan program kesihatan reproduktif <> Dalam berapa banyak negara yang menjalankan UNFPA? || 150 <> Selain bekerja secara langsung dengan kerajaan, dengan siapa kerja UNFPA? || organisasi bukan kerajaan <> Apa yang menyokong kerja-kerja UNFPA? || komuniti antarabangsa <> Program Dana menyokong wanita, lelaki, dan siapa lagi? || golongan muda <> Apakah salah satu sumber pendanaan terkecil di dunia untuk program kesihatan penduduk dan reproduktif? || <> Berapa banyak negara yang belum menyokong? || <> Program apa yang tidak difokuskan oleh UNFPA? || <> Dana apa yang tidak berfungsi dengan kerajaan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "UNFPA is the largest worldwide funder of what type of programs?", "id": "56df53c48bc80c19004e4a9d", "answers": [{"text": "population and reproductive health programs", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In how many countries does UNFPA operate?", "id": "56df53c48bc80c19004e4a9e", "answers": [{"text": "150", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to working directly with governments, with whom does UNFPA work?", "id": "56df53c48bc80c19004e4a9f", "answers": [{"text": "non-governmental organizations", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What supports UNFPA's work?", "id": "56df53c48bc80c19004e4aa0", "answers": [{"text": "the international community", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Fund's programs support women, men, and who else?", "id": "56df53c48bc80c19004e4aa1", "answers": [{"text": "young people", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "UNFPA", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is one of the world's smallest sources of funding for population and reproductive health programs?", "id": "5a297d9803c0e7001a3e17b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "150", "answer_start": 184}], "question": "How many countries are not yet in support?", "id": "5a297d9803c0e7001a3e17b9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "reproductive health", "answer_start": 79}], "question": "What programs are not focused on by UNFPA?", "id": "5a297d9803c0e7001a3e17ba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "UNFPA", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What fund doesn't work with governments?", "id": "5a297d9803c0e7001a3e17bb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "UNFPA is the world's largest multilateral source of funding for population and reproductive health programs. The Fund works with governments and non-governmental organizations in over 150 countries with the support of the international community, supporting programs that help women, men and young people:"}], ["Hubungan UNFPA ke pentadbiran China terhadap pengguguran paksa telah disangkal oleh siasatan yang dijalankan oleh pelbagai pasukan AS, UK, dan PBB yang dihantar untuk memeriksa aktiviti UNFPA di China. Secara spesifik, tiga orang pasukan UFF mendapati pasukan lawatan selama dua minggu di seluruh China. Ia menulis dalam laporan kepada Jabatan Negara bahawa ia mendapati \"tiada bukti bahawa UNFPA telah menyokong atau mengambil bahagian dalam pengurusan program pengguguran paksaan atau pensterilan sukarela di China,\" seperti yang dipertanggungjawabkan oleh pengkritik. <> Negara manakah yang melakukan pengguguran paksa? || China <> Berapa ramai orang berada di pasukan pencari fakta A.S.? || tiga <> yang mana jabatan A.S. menyiasat dakwaan tersebut? || Jabatan Negara <> Negara manakah yang memberikan aborsi paling sedikit? || <> Berapa ramai orang dalam pasukan pencari fakta Cina? || <> Di mana jabatan A.S. mengabaikan tuduhan itu? || <> Organisasi mana yang tidak mempunyai pengkritik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which country was administering forced abortions?", "id": "56df65cf8bc80c19004e4bd1", "answers": [{"text": "China", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were on the U.S. fact-finding team?", "id": "56df65cf8bc80c19004e4bd3", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which U.S. department investigated the allegations?", "id": "56df65cf8bc80c19004e4bd5", "answers": [{"text": "the State Department", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "China", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "Which country was administering the fewest abortions?", "id": "5a2999ba03c0e7001a3e1822", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 198}], "question": "How many people were on the Chinese fact-finding team?", "id": "5a2999ba03c0e7001a3e1823", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the State Department", "answer_start": 320}], "question": "Which U.S. department ignored the allegations?", "id": "5a2999ba03c0e7001a3e1824", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "UNFPA", "answer_start": 373}], "question": "Which organization had no critics?", "id": "5a2999ba03c0e7001a3e1825", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "UNFPA's connection to China's administration of forced abortions was refuted by investigations carried out by various US, UK, and UN teams sent to examine UNFPA activities in China. Specifically, a three-person U.S State Department fact-finding team was sent on a two-week tour throughout China. It wrote in a report to the State Department that it found \"no evidence that UNFPA has supported or participated in the management of a program of coercive abortion or involuntary sterilization in China,\" as has been charged by critics."}], ["Sumbangan dari kerajaan dan sektor swasta kepada UNFPA pada tahun 2014 melebihi $ 1 bilion. Jumlahnya termasuk $ 477 juta kepada sumber teras organisasi dan $ 529 juta diperuntukkan untuk program dan inisiatif tertentu. <> Siapa yang menyumbang kepada UNFPA? || kerajaan dan sektor swasta <> Sumbangan melebihi berapa tahun 2014? || $ 1 bilion <> Berapa banyak dana yang diperuntukkan? || $ 529 juta <> Berapakah jumlah pembiayaan untuk sumber teras UNFPA? || $ 477 juta <> Siapa yang tidak pernah menyumbang kepada UNFPA? || <> Sumbangan telah diturunkan oleh berapa tahun 2014? || <> Berapa banyak dana tidak diperuntukkan dengan betul? || <> Berapakah jumlah yang diambil dari sumber teras UNFPA? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who contributes to UNFPA?", "id": "56df5e338bc80c19004e4b33", "answers": [{"text": "governments and the private sector", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Contributions exceeded how much in 2014?", "id": "56df5e338bc80c19004e4b34", "answers": [{"text": "$1 billion", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of its funding was earmarked?", "id": "56df5e338bc80c19004e4b36", "answers": [{"text": "$529 million", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the amount of funding for UNFPA's core resources?", "id": "56df5e338bc80c19004e4b37", "answers": [{"text": "$477 million", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "governments and the private sector", "answer_start": 19}], "question": "Who never contributed to UNFPA?", "id": "5a29962d03c0e7001a3e17f4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "$1 billion", "answer_start": 80}], "question": "Contributions were lowered by how much in 2014?", "id": "5a29962d03c0e7001a3e17f5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "$529 million", "answer_start": 166}], "question": "How much funding was not earmarked correctly?", "id": "5a29962d03c0e7001a3e17f6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "$477 million", "answer_start": 112}], "question": "What was the amount taken away from UNFPA's core resources?", "id": "5a29962d03c0e7001a3e17f7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Contributions from governments and the private sector to UNFPA in 2014 exceeded $1 billion. The amount includes $477 million to the organization\u2019s core resources and $529 million earmarked for specific programs and initiatives."}], ["Presiden Bush menafikan pembiayaan kepada UNFPA. Sepanjang Pentadbiran Bush, sejumlah $ 244 juta dalam pembiayaan Kongres yang diluluskan telah disekat oleh Cawangan Eksekutif. <> Yang mana pegawai kerajaan menyekat pembiayaan kepada UNFPA? || Presiden <> Apa nama pegawai yang menyekat pembiayaan UNFPA? || Bush <> Berapa banyak dana yang disekat? || $ 244 juta <> Yang cawangan kerajaan menafikan pembiayaan UNFPA? || Cabang Eksekutif <> Bagaimana pembiayaan UNFPA telah diluluskan pada mulanya? || Congressionally <> Yang mana pegawai kerajaan meningkatkan pembiayaan kepada UNFPA? || <> Apakah nama pegawai yang meningkatkan pembiayaan UNFPA? || <> Berapa banyak pembiayaan meningkat? || <> Pentadbiran mana yang meningkatkan pembiayaan kepada UNFPA? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which government official blocked funding to the UNFPA?", "id": "56df740d56340a1900b29ba2", "answers": [{"text": "President", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the official who blocked UNFPA funding?", "id": "56df740d56340a1900b29ba3", "answers": [{"text": "Bush", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much funding was blocked?", "id": "56df740d56340a1900b29ba4", "answers": [{"text": "$244 million", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which branch of government denied the UNFPA funding?", "id": "56df740d56340a1900b29ba5", "answers": [{"text": "the Executive Branch", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How had the UNFPA funding been initially approved?", "id": "56df740d56340a1900b29ba6", "answers": [{"text": "Congressionally", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "President", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Which government official increased funding to the UNFPA?", "id": "5a299c8103c0e7001a3e1858", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bush", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "What was the name of the official who increased UNFPA funding?", "id": "5a299c8103c0e7001a3e1859", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "$244 million", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "How much was funding increased by?", "id": "5a299c8103c0e7001a3e185a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Bush Administration", "answer_start": 63}], "question": "Which administration increased funding to UNFPA?", "id": "5a299c8103c0e7001a3e185b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "President Bush denied funding to the UNFPA. Over the course of the Bush Administration, a total of $244 million in Congressionally approved funding was blocked by the Executive Branch."}], ["Walau bagaimanapun, menurut Setiausaha Setiausaha Negara Colin Powell, UNFPA menyumbang kenderaan dan komputer kepada orang Cina untuk menjalankan dasar kawalan populasi mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, kedua-dua Washington Post dan Washington Times melaporkan bahawa Powell hanya jatuh dalam barisan, menandatangani ringkas yang ditulis oleh orang lain. <> Apakah dasar yang dibuat oleh pejabat Jabatan Negara terhadap UNFPA untuk membantu China? || dasar kawalan populasi <> Apakah kedudukan rasmi ini pada masa itu? || Setiausaha Negara <> Siapa pegawai yang menuduh UNFPA? || Colin Powell <> Apakah UNFPA dituduh menyumbang kepada program Cina? || kenderaan dan komputer <> Apakah kertas yang dilaporkan mengenai kejadian ini? || Washington Post dan Washington Times <> Polisi apa yang dikatakan oleh pejabat Jabatan Negara terhadap UNFPA tidak membantu China melaksanakan? || <> Siapa pegawai yang menjadi sebahagian daripada UNFPA? || <> Apakah UNFPA dituduh mengambil alih program Cina? || <> Apa makalah yang ditolak untuk melaporkan kejadian ini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What policies did a State Department official accuse UNFPA of helping China carry out?", "id": "56df687496943c1400a5d4e7", "answers": [{"text": "population control policies", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was this official's position at the time?", "id": "56df687496943c1400a5d4e8", "answers": [{"text": "Secretary of State", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the official that accused UNFPA?", "id": "56df687496943c1400a5d4e9", "answers": [{"text": "Colin Powell", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was UNFPA accused of contributing to the Chinese program?", "id": "56df687496943c1400a5d4ea", "answers": [{"text": "vehicles and computers", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What papers reported on this incident?", "id": "56df687496943c1400a5d4eb", "answers": [{"text": "the Washington Post and the Washington Times", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "population control policies", "answer_start": 139}], "question": "What policies did a State Department official accuse UNFPA of not helping China carry out?", "id": "5a299a8303c0e7001a3e182a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Colin Powell", "answer_start": 46}], "question": "Who was the official that was part of UNFPA?", "id": "5a299a8303c0e7001a3e182b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "vehicles and computers", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "What was UNFPA accused of taking away from the Chinese program?", "id": "5a299a8303c0e7001a3e182c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Washington Post and the Washington Times", "answer_start": 182}], "question": "What papers denied to report on this incident?", "id": "5a299a8303c0e7001a3e182d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "However, according to then-Secretary of State Colin Powell, the UNFPA contributed vehicles and computers to the Chinese to carry out their population control policies. However, both the Washington Post and the Washington Times reported that Powell simply fell in line, signing a brief written by someone else. "}], ["Sebagai tindak balas, EU memutuskan untuk mengisi jurang yang ditinggalkan oleh AS di bawah laporan Sandbaek. Menurut Laporan Tahunannya tahun 2008, UNFPA menerima pembiayaannya terutama dari Pemerintah Eropah: Daripada jumlah pendapatan M845.3 M, $ 118 disumbangkan oleh Belanda, $ 67 M oleh Sweden, $ 62 M oleh Norway, $ 54 M oleh Denmark, $ 53 M oleh UK, $ 52 M oleh Sepanyol, $ 19 M oleh Luxembourg. Suruhanjaya Eropah mendermakan lagi $ 36 M. Negara penderma bukan Eropah yang paling penting adalah Jepun ($ 36 M). Jumlah penderma melebihi 180 dalam satu tahun. <> Yang kerajaan Eropah menyumbang paling besar kepada UNFPA pada tahun 2008? || Belanda <> Yang kerajaan Eropah menyumbang paling sedikit kepada UNFPA pada tahun 2008? || Luxembourg <> Yang bukan penderma bukan Eropah yang paling penting untuk UNFPA pada tahun 2008? || Jepun <> Pada tahun 2008, berapa banyak negara yang menyumbang kepada UNFPA? || 180 <> Penderma bukan Eropah mana yang menyumbang sumbangan mereka kepada UNFPA pada tahun 2008? || <> Berapa banyak negara berhenti menyokong UNFPA pada tahun 2008? || <> Yang mana kerajaan Eropah tidak pernah menyumbang kepada UNFPA pada tahun 2008? || <> Laporan apa yang tidak ditinggalkan oleh AS? || <> Tahun apa UNFPA menerima pembiayaan terutamanya dari sumber bukan Eropah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which European government contributed the most to the UNFPA in 2008?", "id": "56df76205ca0a614008f9aa4", "answers": [{"text": "the Netherlands", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which European government contributed the least to the UNFPA in 2008?", "id": "56df76205ca0a614008f9aa5", "answers": [{"text": "Luxembourg", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which non-European donor was most important to the UNFPA in 2008?", "id": "56df76205ca0a614008f9aa6", "answers": [{"text": "Japan", "answer_start": 470}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2008, over how many countries contributed to the UNFPA?", "id": "56df76205ca0a614008f9aa7", "answers": [{"text": "180", "answer_start": 515}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Japan", "answer_start": 470}], "question": "Which non-European donor took away their donation to the UNFPA in 2008?", "id": "5a299df803c0e7001a3e1860", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "180", "answer_start": 515}], "question": "How many countries stopped supporting the UNFPA in 2008?", "id": "5a299df803c0e7001a3e1861", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Netherlands", "answer_start": 252}], "question": "Which European government never contributed to the UNFPA in 2008?", "id": "5a299df803c0e7001a3e1862", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sandbaek report", "answer_start": 76}], "question": "What report was not left behind by the US?", "id": "5a299df803c0e7001a3e1863", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 128}], "question": "What year did UNFPA receive funding mainly from non-European sources?", "id": "5a299df803c0e7001a3e1864", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In response, the EU decided to fill the gap left behind by the US under the Sandbaek report. According to its Annual Report for 2008, the UNFPA received its funding mainly from European Governments: Of the total income of M845.3 M, $118 was donated by the Netherlands, $67 M by Sweden, $62 M by Norway, $54 M by Denmark, $53 M by the UK, $52 M by Spain, $19 M by Luxembourg. The European Commission donated further $36 M. The most important non-European donor State was Japan ($36 M). The number of donors exceeded 180 in one year."}], ["UNFPA memberikan bantuan kepada program kesihatan reproduktif Peru pada pertengahan tahun 1990-an. Apabila didapati bahawa program Peru telah terlibat dalam menjalankan pensterilan paksa, UNFPA menyerukan pembaharuan dan protokol untuk melindungi hak-hak wanita mencari bantuan. UNFPA tidak terlibat dalam skandal itu, tetapi terus bekerja dengan negara itu setelah penyalahgunaan telah menjadi orang awam untuk membantu menamatkan penyalahgunaan dan pembaharuan undang-undang dan amalan. <> Dalam tempoh apa program UNFPA membantu program kesihatan reproduktif Peru? || Peru pertengahan hingga akhir 1990an didapati telah memaksa apa? || sterilisasi <> UNFPA menanggapi penyalahgunaan Peru dengan memanggil apa? || pembaharuan dan protokol <> Tujuan UNFPA di Peru adalah untuk melindungi haknya? || wanita mencari bantuan <> Selepas skandal itu menjadi terbuka, apa yang dilakukan UNFPA untuk pembaharuan di Peru? || undang-undang dan amalan <> Siapa yang menolak bantuan untuk program kesihatan reproduktif Peru pada pertengahan tahun 80-an? || <> Peru didapati telah melindungi terhadap apa? || <> Matlamat UNFPA di Peru adalah untuk memusnahkan haknya? || <> Selepas skandal menjadi peribadi, apa yang UNFPA berfungsi untuk memperbaharui di Peru? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "During what period did UNFPA aid Peru's reproductive health program?", "id": "56df60fc8bc80c19004e4b65", "answers": [{"text": "the mid-to-late '90s", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Peru was found to have been coercing what?", "id": "56df60fc8bc80c19004e4b66", "answers": [{"text": "sterilizations", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "UNFPA responded to Peruvian abuses by calling for what?", "id": "56df60fc8bc80c19004e4b67", "answers": [{"text": "reforms and protocols", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "UNFPA's goal in Peru was to protect whose rights?", "id": "56df60fc8bc80c19004e4b68", "answers": [{"text": "women seeking assistance", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After the scandal became public, what did UNFPA work to reform in Peru?", "id": "56df60fc8bc80c19004e4b69", "answers": [{"text": "laws and practices", "answer_start": 416}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "UNFPA", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who refused aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '80s?", "id": "5a29982f03c0e7001a3e1806", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sterilizations", "answer_start": 166}], "question": "Peru was found to have been protecting against what?", "id": "5a29982f03c0e7001a3e1807", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "women seeking assistance", "answer_start": 246}], "question": "UNFPA's goal in Peru was to destroy whose rights?", "id": "5a29982f03c0e7001a3e1808", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "laws and practices", "answer_start": 416}], "question": "After the scandal became private, what did UNFPA work to reform in Peru?", "id": "5a29982f03c0e7001a3e1809", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "UNFPA provided aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '90s. When it was discovered a Peruvian program had been engaged in carrying out coercive sterilizations, UNFPA called for reforms and protocols to protect the rights of women seeking assistance. UNFPA was not involved in the scandal, but continued work with the country after the abuses had become public to help end the abuses and reform laws and practices. "}], ["Rep. Christopher H. Smith (R-NJ), mengkritik penyiasatan Jabatan Negara, mengatakan penyiasat ditunjukkan \"Desa Potemkin\" di mana penduduk telah terintimidasi untuk berbohong tentang program perancangan keluarga. Dr Nafis Sadik, bekas pengarah UNFPA, berkata agensinya penting dalam membalikkan kaedah kawalan penduduk China, tetapi laporan 2005 oleh Amnesty International dan laporan berasingan oleh Jabatan Negara Amerika Syarikat mendapati bahawa teknik pemaksaan masih kerap digunakan oleh Cina, membuang keraguan terhadap kenyataan Sadik. <> Perwakilan mana yang mengkritik penyiasatan Jabatan Negara? || Christopher H. Smith <> Perwakilan itu berkata bahawa pemeriksa telah menunjukkan jenis-jenis kampung? || Perkampungan Potemkin <> Yang bekas pengarah mempertahankan UNFPA? || Dr. Nafis Sadik <> NGO mana yang menyiasat program Cina pada tahun 2005? || Amnesty International <> Apakah jenis teknik yang disimpulkan oleh Jabatan Negara yang masih digunakan oleh China? || teknik paksaan <> Perwakilan yang mana membantu siasatan Jabatan Negara? || <> Perwakilan mengatakan bahawa pemeriksa tidak pernah melihat kampung macam apa? || <> Yang bekas pengarah tidak menyukai UNFPA? || <> Teknik macam mana yang dilakukan oleh Jabatan Negara tidak pernah digunakan oleh China? || <> NGO mana yang menyiasat program Cina pada tahun 2002? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which representative criticized the the State Department investigation?", "id": "56df6aee5ca0a614008f99eb", "answers": [{"text": "Christopher H. Smith", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The representative said that inspectors had been show what sort of villages?", "id": "56df6aee5ca0a614008f99ec", "answers": [{"text": "Potemkin Villages", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which former director defended UNFPA?", "id": "56df6aee5ca0a614008f99ed", "answers": [{"text": "Dr. Nafis Sadik", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which NGO investigated the Chinese program in 2005?", "id": "56df6aee5ca0a614008f99ee", "answers": [{"text": "Amnesty International", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of techniques did the State Department conclude were still being employed by China?", "id": "56df6aee5ca0a614008f99ef", "answers": [{"text": "coercive techniques", "answer_start": 467}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christopher H. Smith", "answer_start": 5}], "question": "Which representative helped the the State Department investigation the most?", "id": "5a299b0303c0e7001a3e1832", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Potemkin Villages", "answer_start": 118}], "question": "The representative said that inspectors had never seen what sort of villages?", "id": "5a299b0303c0e7001a3e1833", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Dr. Nafis Sadik", "answer_start": 220}], "question": "Which former director disliked UNFPA?", "id": "5a299b0303c0e7001a3e1834", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "coercive techniques", "answer_start": 467}], "question": "What sort of techniques did the State Department conclude were never employed by China?", "id": "5a299b0303c0e7001a3e1835", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Amnesty International", "answer_start": 374}], "question": "Which NGO investigated the Chinese program in 2002?", "id": "5a299b0303c0e7001a3e1836", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Rep. Christopher H. Smith (R-NJ), criticized the State Department investigation, saying the investigators were shown \"Potemkin Villages\" where residents had been intimidated into lying about the family-planning program. Dr. Nafis Sadik, former director of UNFPA said her agency had been pivotal in reversing China's coercive population control methods, but a 2005 report by Amnesty International and a separate report by the United States State Department found that coercive techniques were still regularly employed by the Chinese, casting doubt upon Sadik's statements."}], ["UNFPA telah dituduh dengan palsu oleh kelompok perancang anti pemberian bantuan untuk program-program pemerintah yang telah menggalakkan pengguguran paksa dan pensterilan paksa. Kontroversi mengenai tuntutan ini telah mengakibatkan hubungan yang kadang-kadang goyah antara organisasi dan tiga pentadbiran presiden, yang Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush dan George W. Bush, menahan dana dari UNFPA. <> UNFPA telah dituduh menyokong apa jenis pengguguran? || paksa pengguguran <> UNFPA telah dituduh menyokong program yang memaksa apa? || sterilisasi <> Kumpulan apa yang membuat tuduhan-tuduhan ini terhadap UNFPA? || kumpulan perancang anti keluarga <> Kontroversi mengenai tuduhan ini telah menyebabkan konflik dengan berapa banyak pentadbiran presiden? || tiga <> Siapa yang UNFPA tepat dituduh oleh? || <> Kontroversi mengenai tuduhan ini telah menyebabkan keharmonian dengan berapa banyak pentadbiran presiden? || <> Kumpulan apa yang menafikan tuduhan terhadap UNFPA? || <> Yang mana yang paling dibiayai oleh pentadbiran UNFPA? || <> Apa tuntutan tidak kontroversi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "UNFPA has  been accused of supporting what type of abortion?", "id": "56df5ca18bc80c19004e4b1b", "answers": [{"text": "forced-abortions", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "UNFPA has been accused of supporting programs that coerce what?", "id": "56df5ca18bc80c19004e4b1c", "answers": [{"text": "sterilizations", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What groups have made these accusations against UNFPA?", "id": "56df5ca18bc80c19004e4b1d", "answers": [{"text": "anti-family planning groups", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Controversy regarding these accusations has caused conflict with how many presidential administrations?", "id": "56df5ca18bc80c19004e4b1e", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "anti-family planning groups", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "Who was UNFPA accurately accused by?", "id": "5a29976503c0e7001a3e17fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 287}], "question": "Controversy regarding these accusations has caused harmony with how many presidential administrations?", "id": "5a29976503c0e7001a3e17fd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "anti-family planning groups", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "What groups have dismissed these accusations against UNFPA?", "id": "5a29976503c0e7001a3e17fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush", "answer_start": 331}], "question": "Which administrations funded UNFPA the most?", "id": "5a29976503c0e7001a3e17ff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "providing support for government programs which have promoted forced-abortions and coercive sterilizations", "answer_start": 65}], "question": "What claims were not controversial?", "id": "5a29976503c0e7001a3e1800", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "UNFPA has been falsely accused by anti-family planning groups of providing support for government programs which have promoted forced-abortions and coercive sterilizations. Controversies regarding these claims have resulted in a sometimes shaky relationship between the organization and three presidential administrations, that of Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, withholding funding from the UNFPA.  "}], ["Dari tahun 2002 hingga 2008, Pentadbiran Bush menafikan pembiayaan kepada UNFPA yang telah diperuntukkan oleh Kongres Amerika Syarikat, sebahagiannya berdasarkan tuntutan yang disangkal bahawa UNFPA menyokong program pemerintah China yang termasuk pengguguran paksa dan sterilisasi paksa. Dalam satu surat daripada Setiausaha Negara untuk Hal Ehwal Politik Nicholas Burns kepada Kongres, pentadbiran mengatakan ia telah menentukan bahwa sokongan UNFPA untuk program penduduk China \"memudahkan program pengguguran pengguguhan pemerintah\", sehingga melanggar Kemp-Kasten Pindaan, yang melarang penggunaan bantuan Amerika Syarikat untuk membiayai organisasi yang menyokong atau mengambil bahagian dalam menguruskan program pengguguran pengguguran pensterilan. <> Mana pentadbiran abad ke 21 menafikan pembiayaan kepada UNFPA? || Pentadbiran Bush <> Dalam apa tempoh pentadbiran menafikan pembiayaan? || Dari tahun 2002 hingga 2008 <> Siapa yang membiayai pembiayaan UNFPA di A.S.? || Kongres AS <> Apa dalam program Cina menyebabkan masalah untuk UNFPA? || pengguguran paksa dan sterilisasi paksa <> Apa pindaan yang dilakukan oleh pentadbiran yang percaya bahawa pendanaan UNFPA dilanggar? || Kempen Kemp-Kasten <> Yang pentadbiran abad ke-21 meningkatkan pembiayaan kepada UNFPA? || <> Dalam tempoh berapa adakah pentadbiran meningkatkan pembiayaan yang paling? || <> Siapa yang tidak akan memperuntukkan pembiayaan UNFPA di A.S.? || <> Apa pindaan yang dilakukan oleh pentadbiran percaya pendanaan UNFPA disokong? || <> Apa tuntutan tidak disangkal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which 21st century administration denied funding to UNFPA?", "id": "56df63e78bc80c19004e4b9f", "answers": [{"text": "the Bush Administration", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what period did the administration deny funding?", "id": "56df63e78bc80c19004e4ba0", "answers": [{"text": "From 2002 through 2008", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who allocates UNFPA funding in the U.S.?", "id": "56df63e78bc80c19004e4ba1", "answers": [{"text": "the US Congress", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What in the Chinese program caused trouble for UNFPA?", "id": "56df63e78bc80c19004e4ba2", "answers": [{"text": "forced abortions and coercive sterilizations", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What amendment did the administration believe the UNFPA funding violated?", "id": "56df63e78bc80c19004e4ba3", "answers": [{"text": "the Kemp-Kasten Amendment", "answer_start": 530}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Bush Administration", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "Which 21st century administration increased funding to UNFPA?", "id": "5a29992203c0e7001a3e1818", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "From 2002 through 2008", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "During what period did the administration increase funding the most?", "id": "5a29992203c0e7001a3e1819", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the US Congress", "answer_start": 107}], "question": "Who will never allocate UNFPA funding in the U.S.?", "id": "5a29992203c0e7001a3e181a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Kemp-Kasten Amendment", "answer_start": 530}], "question": "What amendment did the administration believe the UNFPA funding supported?", "id": "5a29992203c0e7001a3e181b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "that the UNFPA supported Chinese government programs which include forced abortions and coercive sterilizations", "answer_start": 153}], "question": "What claims were not refuted?", "id": "5a29992203c0e7001a3e181c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "From 2002 through 2008, the Bush Administration denied funding to UNFPA that had already been allocated by the US Congress, partly on the refuted claims that the UNFPA supported Chinese government programs which include forced abortions and coercive sterilizations. In a letter from the Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs Nicholas Burns to Congress, the administration said it had determined that UNFPA\u2019s support for China\u2019s population program \u201cfacilitates (its) government\u2019s coercive abortion program\u201d, thus violating the Kemp-Kasten Amendment, which bans the use of United States aid to finance organizations that support or take part in managing a program of coercive abortion of sterilization."}], ["Tetapi Amnesty International tidak menemui bukti bahawa UNFPA telah menyokong paksaan tersebut. Sebuah kajian 2001 yang dijalankan oleh Institut Penyelidikan Populasi Pro-Life (PRI) secara palsu mendakwa bahawa UNFPA berkongsi pejabat dengan pegawai perancang keluarga Cina yang melakukan pengguguran paksa. \"Kami terletak di pejabat perancang keluarga, dan di pejabat perancang keluarga, kami berada di pejabat UNFPA, dan kami mengesahkan dari pegawai perancang keluarga di sana bahawa tidak ada pembedaan antara apa yang dilakukan UNFPA dan apa yang dilakukan oleh Pejabat Keluarga Berencana China,\" kata Scott Weinberg, seorang jurucakap PRI. Walau bagaimanapun, Ahli-ahli Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu tidak bersetuju dan meluluskan program negara UNFPA saya pada Januari 2006. Lebih 130 anggota dari negara-negara membangun \"Kumpulan 77\" di United Nations menyatakan sokongan untuk program UNFPA. Di samping itu, bercakap mengenai demokrasi Eropah - Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Belanda, Perancis, Belgium, Switzerland dan Jerman - United Kingdom menyatakan, \"Aktiviti UNFPA di China, seperti di seluruh dunia, berada di pematuhan ketat dengan Program Tindakan yang diterima pakai dari ICPD, dan memainkan peranan utama dalam menyokong usaha kita yang sama, promosi dan perlindungan semua hak asasi manusia dan kebebasan asasi. \"Organisasi apa yang tidak menemui bukti bahawa UNFPA telah menyokong paksaan China ? || Amnesty International <> Pada tahun 2001, organisasi apa yang menuduh PBB berkongsi ruang pejabat dengan pegawai perancang keluarga Cina? || Institut Penyelidikan Penduduk <> Pada Januari 2006, yang meluluskan program negara UNFPA? || Anggota Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu <> Berapa ramai ahli yang mempunyai \"Kumpulan 77\"? || 130 <> Siapa, bercakap untuk demokrasi Eropah, juga mempertahankan UNFPA? || United Kingdom <> Organisasi apa yang menemui banyak bukti yang UNFPA telah menyokong paksaan Cina? || <> Berapa ramai ahli yang mempunyai \"Kumpulan 44\"? || <> Pada Januari 2006, yang memusnahkan program negara UNFPA? || <> Siapa, bercakap untuk demokrasi Eropah, juga tidak menyukai UNFPA? || <> Organisasi apa yang berkongsi ruang pejabat dengan pegawai perancang keluarga Cina pada tahun 2011? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What organization found no evidence that UNFPA had supported Chinese coercion?", "id": "56df6e4a5ca0a614008f9a17", "answers": [{"text": "Amnesty International", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2001, what organization accused UNFPA of sharing office space with Chinese family planning officials?", "id": "56df6e4a5ca0a614008f9a18", "answers": [{"text": "Population Research Institute", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In January 2006, who approved UNFPA's new country programme?", "id": "56df6e4a5ca0a614008f9a19", "answers": [{"text": "United Nations Members", "answer_start": 608}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many members does the \u201cGroup of 77\u201d have?", "id": "56df6e4a5ca0a614008f9a1a", "answers": [{"text": "130", "answer_start": 716}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who, speaking for the European democracies, also defended UNFPA?", "id": "56df6e4a5ca0a614008f9a1b", "answers": [{"text": "the United Kingdom", "answer_start": 981}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Amnesty International", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What organization found plenty of evidence that UNFPA had supported Chinese coercion?", "id": "5a299bd203c0e7001a3e184e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "130", "answer_start": 716}], "question": "How many members does the \u201cGroup of 44\u201d have?", "id": "5a299bd203c0e7001a3e184f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United Nations Members", "answer_start": 608}], "question": "In January 2006, who destroyed UNFPA's new country programme?", "id": "5a299bd203c0e7001a3e1850", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the United Kingdom", "answer_start": 981}], "question": "Who, speaking for the European democracies, also disliked UNFPA?", "id": "5a299bd203c0e7001a3e1851", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Population Research Institute", "answer_start": 122}], "question": "What organization was sharing office space with Chinese family planning officials in 2011?", "id": "5a299bd203c0e7001a3e1852", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "But Amnesty International found no evidence that UNFPA had supported the coercion. A 2001 study conducted by the pro-life Population Research Institute (PRI) falsely claimed that the UNFPA shared an office with the Chinese family planning officials who were carrying out forced abortions. \"We located the family planning offices, and in that family planning office, we located the UNFPA office, and we confirmed from family planning officials there that there is no distinction between what the UNFPA does and what the Chinese Family Planning Office does,\" said Scott Weinberg, a spokesman for PRI. However, United Nations Members disagreed and approved UNFPA\u2019s new country program me in January 2006. The more than 130 members of the \u201cGroup of 77\u201d developing countries in the United Nations expressed support for the UNFPA programmes. In addition, speaking for European democracies -- Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, the Netherlands, France, Belgium, Switzerland and Germany -- the United Kingdom stated, \u201dUNFPA\u2019s activities in China, as in the rest of the world, are in strict conformity with the unanimously adopted Programme of Action of the ICPD, and play a key role in supporting our common endeavor, the promotion and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms.\u201d "}], ["Di Amerika, organisasi bukan keuntungan seperti Friends of UNFPA (dahulunya orang Amerika untuk UNFPA) bekerja untuk mengimbangi kehilangan dana persekutuan Amerika Syarikat dengan menaikkan sumbangan peribadi. <> Apakah satu negara di mana pertubuhan bukan untung berusaha untuk menampung kehilangan dana Amerika Syarikat untuk UNFPA? || Amerika <> Organisasi macam apa Friends of UNFPA? || bukan untung <> Apakah nama rakan sebelum UNFPA? || Amerika untuk UNFPA <> Jenis pembiayaan Amerika Syarikat yang mana Rakan-rakan UNFPA cuba mengganti? || pembiayaan persekutuan <Melalui apa jenis sumbangan yang Kawan UNFPA menimbulkan wang? || derma persendirian <> Apakah satu negara di mana pertubuhan bukan untung cuba meningkatkan kehilangan dana untuk UNFPA? || <> Organisasi macam apa yang bukan kawan UNFPA? || <> Organisasi apa saja yang dibiayai melalui sumbangan awam? || <> Negara apa yang tidak pernah terlibat dengan UNFPA? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is one country in which nonprofit organizations try to make up for the loss of United States funding for the UNFPA?", "id": "56df787656340a1900b29bf8", "answers": [{"text": "America", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of organization is Friends of UNFPA?", "id": "56df787656340a1900b29bf9", "answers": [{"text": "nonprofit", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Friends of UNFPA's previous name?", "id": "56df787656340a1900b29bfa", "answers": [{"text": "Americans for UNFPA", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of United States funding does Friends of UNFPA try to replace? ", "id": "56df787656340a1900b29bfb", "answers": [{"text": "federal funding", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Through what sort of donations does Friends of UNFPA raise money?", "id": "56df787656340a1900b29bfc", "answers": [{"text": "private donations", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "America", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "What is one country in which nonprofit organizations try to increase the loss of funding for the UNFPA?", "id": "5a299ffe03c0e7001a3e1874", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "nonprofit", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "What kind of organization is not friends of UNFPA?", "id": "5a299ffe03c0e7001a3e1875", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "UNFPA", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "What organization is mainly funded through public donations?", "id": "5a299ffe03c0e7001a3e1876", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "America", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "What country has never been involved with UNFPA?", "id": "5a299ffe03c0e7001a3e1877", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In America, nonprofit organizations like Friends of UNFPA (formerly Americans for UNFPA) worked to compensate for the loss of United States federal funding by raising private donations."}], ["Pada Januari 2009 Presiden Barack Obama memulihkan dana AS kepada UNFPA, dengan menyatakan dalam kenyataannya bahawa dia akan \"berharap untuk bekerja dengan Kongres untuk memulihkan sokongan kewangan AS untuk Dana Penduduk PBB. Dengan meneruskan pembiayaan kepada UNFPA, AS akan bergabung dengan 180 negara-negara penderma lain yang bekerjasama untuk mengurangkan kemiskinan, meningkatkan kesihatan wanita dan kanak-kanak, mencegah HIV / AIDS dan memberi bantuan keluarga berencana kepada 154 negara. \" <> Yang mana presiden mula membiayai UNFPA lagi? || Barack Obama <> Dalam tahun apa pembiayaan UNFPA dibiayai A.S.? || 2009 <> Dalam bulan apakah pembiayaan semula UNFPA A.S.? || Januari <> Presiden mengatakan A.S. akan menyertai berapa banyak negara penderma? || 180 <> Presiden berkata pembiayaan U.N. Population Fund akan membantu dalam berapa banyak negara? || 154 <> Yang presiden tidak pernah membiayai UNFPA lagi? || <> Dalam tahun apa pembiayaan A.S. UNFPA berakhir? || <> Dalam bulan apa pembiayaan A.S. UNFPA berakhir? || <> Siapa kata pembiayaan U.N. Population Fund tidak akan membantu 154 negara? || <> Program apa yang dibiayai pada tahun 2009 tidak membantu wanita? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which president began funding UNFPA again?", "id": "56df79fe5ca0a614008f9b07", "answers": [{"text": "Barack Obama", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did U.S. funding of UNFPA resume?", "id": "56df79fe5ca0a614008f9b08", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month did U.S. funding of UNFPA resume?", "id": "56df79fe5ca0a614008f9b09", "answers": [{"text": "January", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The president said the U.S. would be joining how many donor nations?", "id": "56df79fe5ca0a614008f9b0a", "answers": [{"text": "180", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The president said funding the U.N. Population Fund would help in how many countries?", "id": "56df79fe5ca0a614008f9b0b", "answers": [{"text": "154", "answer_start": 441}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Barack Obama", "answer_start": 26}], "question": "Which president never funded UNFPA again?", "id": "5a29a13c03c0e7001a3e1886", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 11}], "question": "In what year did U.S. funding of UNFPA end?", "id": "5a29a13c03c0e7001a3e1887", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "January", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "In what month did U.S. funding of UNFPA end?", "id": "5a29a13c03c0e7001a3e1888", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "President", "answer_start": 16}], "question": "Who said funding the U.N. Population Fund would not help 154 countries?", "id": "5a29a13c03c0e7001a3e1889", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "UNFPA", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "What program funded in 2009 does not help women?", "id": "5a29a13c03c0e7001a3e188a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In January 2009 President Barack Obama restored US funding to UNFPA, saying in a public statement that he would \"look forward to working with Congress to restore US financial support for the UN Population Fund. By resuming funding to UNFPA, the US will be joining 180 other donor nations working collaboratively to reduce poverty, improve the health of women and children, prevent HIV/AIDS and provide family planning assistance to women in 154 countries.\" "}]], [["RSFSR ditubuhkan pada 7 November 1917 (Revolusi Oktober) sebagai negara berdaulat. Perlembagaan pertama telah diterima pakai pada tahun 1918. Pada tahun 1922, SFSR Rusia menandatangani Perjanjian mengenai Penciptaan USSR. <> Pada tarikh apakah RSFSR ditubuhkan? || 7 November 1917 <> Apa acara yang membawa kepada penubuhan RSFSR? || Revolusi Oktober <> Pada tahun berapa Perlembagaan diterima pakai? || 1918 <> Perjanjian mengenai Penciptaan USSR ditandatangani pada tahun apa? || 1922 <> Pada tarikh apakah RSFSR dimansuhkan? || <> Apakah peristiwa yang menyebabkan penghapusan RSFSR? || <> Dalam tahun berapa Perlembagaan ditolak? || <> Perjanjian mengenai Penciptaan USSR tidak ditandatangani pada tahun apa? || <> Tahun apa Perlembagaan pertama tidak diguna pakai? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the RSFSR established?", "id": "56e098f17aa994140058e60f", "answers": [{"text": "November 7, 1917", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What event led to the establishment of the RSFSR?", "id": "56e098f17aa994140058e610", "answers": [{"text": "October Revolution", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the Constitution adopted?", "id": "56e098f17aa994140058e611", "answers": [{"text": "1918", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR was signed in what year?", "id": "56e098f17aa994140058e612", "answers": [{"text": "1922", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "November 7, 1917", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "On what date was the RSFSR abolished?", "id": "5acdf31832bba1001ae498b9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "October Revolution", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "What event led to the abolishment of the RSFSR?", "id": "5acdf31832bba1001ae498ba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1918", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "In what year was the Constitution rejected?", "id": "5acdf31832bba1001ae498bb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1922", "answer_start": 136}], "question": "The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR was not signed in what year?", "id": "5acdf31832bba1001ae498bc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1918", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "What year was the first Constitution not adopted?", "id": "5acdf31832bba1001ae498bd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR."}], ["Pada tahun 1943, Wilayah Karaton Otonom dibubarkan oleh Joseph Stalin, ketika Karachays diasingkan ke Asia Tengah kerana kerjasama mereka dengan Jerman dan wilayah dimasukkan ke dalam SSR Georgia. <> Wilayah mana yang rosak pada tahun 1943? || Karachay Oblast Autonomous <> Di manakah Karachays dihantar selepas daerah mereka dipecahkan? || Asia Tengah <> Yang SSR menerima tanah wilayah Karachays? || SSR Georgia <> Siapa yang memecahkan wilayah Karachays? || Joseph Stalin <> Siapa yang menghapuskan Wilayah Autonomi Karachay? || Joseph Stalin <> Bilakah Wilayah Autonomi Karachay berakhir? || 1943 <> Ke manakah di Karachays dibuang? || Asia Tengah <> Mengapa Karachays diasingkan? || yang dikatakan kerjasama dengan Jerman <> Apa republik adalah wilayah Wilayah Autonomi Karachay yang dipindahkan ke? || SSR Georgia <> Wilayah mana yang disimpan bersama pada tahun 1943? || <> Di manakah Karachays tidak dihantar selepas daerah mereka dipecahkan? || <> Yang SSR menolak tanah wilayah Karachays? || <> Siapa yang tidak memecahkan wilayah Karachays? || <> Bilakah Wilayah Autonomi Karachay tidak berakhir? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which oblast was broken up in 1943?", "id": "56df5ac48bc80c19004e4b07", "answers": [{"text": "Karachay Autonomous Oblast", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the Karachays sent after their oblast was broken up?", "id": "56df5ac48bc80c19004e4b08", "answers": [{"text": "Central Asia", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which SSR received the land of the Karachays' oblast?", "id": "56df5ac48bc80c19004e4b0a", "answers": [{"text": "the Georgian SSR", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who broke up the Karachays' oblast?", "id": "56df5ac48bc80c19004e4b0b", "answers": [{"text": "Joseph Stalin", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who eliminated the Karachay Autonomous Oblast?", "id": "56e0a24e7aa994140058e67b", "answers": [{"text": "Joseph Stalin", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Karachay Autonomous Oblast ended?", "id": "56e0a24e7aa994140058e67c", "answers": [{"text": "1943", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To where were the Karachays exiled?", "id": "56e0a24e7aa994140058e67d", "answers": [{"text": "Central Asia", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why were the Karachays exiled?", "id": "56e0a24e7aa994140058e67e", "answers": [{"text": "alleged collaboration with the Germans", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What republic was the territory of the Karachay Autonomous Oblast transferred to?", "id": "56e0a24e7aa994140058e67f", "answers": [{"text": "Georgian SSR", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Karachay Autonomous Oblast", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "Which oblast was kept together in 1943?", "id": "5acdfd8532bba1001ae49963", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Central Asia", "answer_start": 102}], "question": "Where were the Karachays not sent after their oblast was broken up?", "id": "5acdfd8532bba1001ae49964", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Georgian SSR", "answer_start": 204}], "question": "Which SSR rejected the land of the Karachays' oblast?", "id": "5acdfd8532bba1001ae49965", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Joseph Stalin", "answer_start": 53}], "question": "Who didn't break up the Karachays' oblast?", "id": "5acdfd8532bba1001ae49966", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1943", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When was the Karachay Autonomous Oblast not ended?", "id": "5acdfd8532bba1001ae49967", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR."}], ["Ekonomi Rusia menjadi industri perindustrian, yang menyumbang kira-kira dua pertiga daripada tenaga elektrik yang dihasilkan di USSR. Pada 1961, pengeluar petroleum terbesar ketiga disebabkan oleh penemuan baru di rantau Volga-Urals dan Siberia, hanya mengarahkan Amerika Syarikat dan Arab Saudi. Pada tahun 1974, terdapat 475 institut pendidikan tinggi di republik yang menyediakan pendidikan dalam 47 bahasa kepada kira-kira 23,941,000 pelajar. Sebuah rangkaian perkhidmatan kesihatan awam terancang yang terancang memberi penjagaan kesihatan. Selepas 1985, dasar penstrukturan semula pentadbiran Gorbachev agak melonggarkan ekonomi, yang telah menjadi tidak stabil sejak penghujung tahun 1970-an, dengan pengenalan perusahaan milik bukan kerajaan seperti koperasi. Kesan dasar pasaran menyebabkan kegagalan banyak perusahaan dan ketidakstabilan total pada tahun 1990. <> Berapa banyak tenaga USSR yang dihasilkan di RSFSR? || dua pertiga <> Apa dua negara menghasilkan lebih banyak minyak bumi daripada Rusia pada tahun 1961? || Amerika Syarikat dan Arab Saudi <> Berapa banyak pelajar dalam institusi pengajian tinggi di Rusia pada tahun 1974? || 23,941,000 <> Berapa banyak institusi pendidikan tinggi yang dimiliki Rusia pada tahun 1974? || 475 <> Berapa banyak bahasa adalah pelajar di institusi pendidikan tinggi yang dididik pada tahun 1974? || 47 <> Berapa banyak kuasa USSR yang ditangguhkan di RSFSR? || <> Apa dua negara yang menghasilkan petroleum kurang daripada Rusia pada tahun 1961? || <> Berapa banyak pelajar dalam institusi pendidikan rendah di Rusia pada tahun 1974? || <> Berapa banyak institusi sekolah tinggi yang Rusia miliki pada tahun 1974? || <> Dalam berapa bahasa adalah pelajar di institusi pendidikan tinggi yang dididik pada tahun 1974? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How much of the USSR's electricity was produced in the RSFSR?", "id": "56e099747aa994140058e617", "answers": [{"text": "two-thirds", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two countries produced more petroleum than Russia in 1961?", "id": "56e099747aa994140058e618", "answers": [{"text": "the United States and Saudi Arabia", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many students were in institutions of higher education in Russia in 1974?", "id": "56e099747aa994140058e619", "answers": [{"text": "23,941,000", "answer_start": 410}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many institutions of higher education did Russia possess in 1974?", "id": "56e099747aa994140058e61a", "answers": [{"text": "475", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In how many languages were students in institutions of higher education being educated in 1974?", "id": "56e099747aa994140058e61b", "answers": [{"text": "47", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "about two-thirds", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "How much of the USSR's electricity was delayed in the RSFSR?", "id": "5acdf3b332bba1001ae498c3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United States and Saudi Arabia", "answer_start": 263}], "question": "What two countries produced less petroleum than Russia in 1961?", "id": "5acdf3b332bba1001ae498c4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "23,941,000", "answer_start": 410}], "question": "How many students were in institutions of lower education in Russia in 1974?", "id": "5acdf3b332bba1001ae498c5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "475", "answer_start": 315}], "question": "How many institutions of high school did Russia possess in 1974?", "id": "5acdf3b332bba1001ae498c6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "47", "answer_start": 389}], "question": "In how many languages were students in institutions of high school being educated in 1974?", "id": "5acdf3b332bba1001ae498c7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990."}], ["Pada 25 Disember 1991, berikutan kejatuhan Kesatuan Soviet, republik itu dinamakan semula Persekutuan Rusia, yang kekal hingga ke hari ini. Nama ini dan \"Rusia\" telah ditentukan sebagai nama negara rasmi pada 21 April 1992, pindaan kepada perlembagaan yang ada dan disimpan dalam Perlembagaan Rusia pada tahun 1993. <> Bilakah Kesatuan Soviet dipecah? || 25 Disember 1991 <> Nama manakah Rusia mengambil selepas kejatuhan Kesatuan Soviet? || Persekutuan Rusia <> Apakah nama rasmi Rusia sekarang? || Persekutuan Rusia <> Bilakah nama semasa Rusia ditambah kepada perlembagaan Rusia? || April 21, 1992 <> Bilakah Rusia dinamakan semula Persekutuan Rusia? || 25 Disember 1991 <> Apa acara yang membawa kepada Rusia dinamakan semula Persekutuan Rusia? || kejatuhan Kesatuan Soviet <> Bilakah Rusia membuat nama rasmi Persekutuan Rusia? || April 21, 1992 <> Apa dokumen 1993 mengesahkan Rusia sebagai nama rasmi Persekutuan Rusia? || 1993 Perlembagaan Rusia <> Bilakah Empayar Soviet dipecah? || <> Nama manakah Rusia mengambil selepas bangkitnya Kesatuan Soviet? || <> Apakah nama tidak rasmi semasa Rusia? || <> Bilakah bukan nama semasa bagi Rusia yang ditambah kepada perlembagaan Rusia? || <> Apakah peristiwa yang membawa kepada Persekutuan Rusia yang dinamakan semula Rusia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Soviet Union break up?", "id": "56df53fe96943c1400a5d3c3", "answers": [{"text": "December 25, 1991", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which name did Russia take after the fall of the Soviet Union?", "id": "56df53fe96943c1400a5d3c4", "answers": [{"text": "the Russian Federation", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the current official name of Russia?", "id": "56df53fe96943c1400a5d3c6", "answers": [{"text": "the Russian Federation", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the current name for Russia added to the Russian constitution?", "id": "56df53fe96943c1400a5d3c7", "answers": [{"text": "April 21, 1992", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Russia renamed the Russian Federation?", "id": "56e09f4a231d4119001ac2d7", "answers": [{"text": "December 25, 1991", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What event led to Russia being renamed the Russian Federation?", "id": "56e09f4a231d4119001ac2d8", "answers": [{"text": "the collapse of the Soviet Union", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Russia made an official state name of the Russian Federation?", "id": "56e09f4a231d4119001ac2d9", "answers": [{"text": "April 21, 1992", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What 1993 document confirmed Russia as an official state name of the Russian Federation?", "id": "56e09f4a231d4119001ac2da", "answers": [{"text": "1993 Constitution of Russia", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December 25, 1991", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did the Soviet Empire break up?", "id": "5acdf8ec32bba1001ae49913", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian Federation", "answer_start": 95}], "question": "Which name did Russia take after the rise of the Soviet Union?", "id": "5acdf8ec32bba1001ae49914", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian Federation", "answer_start": 95}], "question": "What is the current unofficial name of Russia?", "id": "5acdf8ec32bba1001ae49915", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "April 21, 1992", "answer_start": 218}], "question": "When wasn't the current name for Russia added to the Russian constitution?", "id": "5acdf8ec32bba1001ae49916", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the collapse of the Soviet Union", "answer_start": 32}], "question": "What event led to the Russian Federation being renamed Russia?", "id": "5acdf8ec32bba1001ae49917", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and \"Russia\" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia."}], ["Rejim Soviet pertama kali berkuasa pada 7 November 1917, sejurus selepas Kerajaan Sementara Rusia, yang memerintah Republik Rusia, digulingkan dalam Revolusi Oktober. Negara yang ditadbirnya, yang tidak mempunyai nama rasmi, akan diakui oleh negara-negara jiran selama lima bulan lagi. <> Bilakah rejim Soviet pertama kali menjadi kuat? || 7 November 1917 <> Kerajaan mana yang berkuasa sebelum rejim Soviet? || Kerajaan Sementara Rusia <> Yang revolusi yang membawa kepada rejim Soviet bangkit untuk berkuasa? || Revolusi Oktober <> Berapa lama keadaan rejim Soviet yang tidak diiktiraf oleh negara lain? || lima bulan <> Apa nama republik yang dipimpin oleh Kerajaan Sementara Rusia? || Republik Rusia <> Bilakah kerajaan Soviet menganggap kuasa? || 7 November 1917 <> Apa peristiwa yang menyebabkan andaian kuasa oleh kerajaan Soviet? || Revolusi Oktober <> Badan apa yang memerintah Rusia sebelum kerajaan Soviet? || Kerajaan Sementara Rusia <> Dalam beberapa bulan, berapa lama negeri baru Soviet tidak diiktiraf? || lima <> Bilakah rejim Soviet pertama kali kehilangan kuasa? || <> Kerajaan mana yang berkuasa selepas rejim Soviet? || <> Revolusi mana yang menyebabkan kejatuhan rejim Soviet dari kuasa? || <> Berapa lama keadaan rejim Soviet yang diiktiraf oleh negara lain? || <> Apa yang bukan nama republik yang diputuskan oleh Kerajaan Sementara Rusia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Soviet regime first become powerful?", "id": "56df56bf8bc80c19004e4acb", "answers": [{"text": "November 7, 1917", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which government was in power before the Soviet regime?", "id": "56df56bf8bc80c19004e4acc", "answers": [{"text": "the Russian Provisional Government", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which revolution led to the Soviet regime's rise to power?", "id": "56df56bf8bc80c19004e4acd", "answers": [{"text": "the October Revolution", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long was the state of the Soviet regime unrecognized by other countries?", "id": "56df56bf8bc80c19004e4ace", "answers": [{"text": "five months", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the republic the Russian Provisional Goverment ruled?", "id": "56df56bf8bc80c19004e4acf", "answers": [{"text": "the Russian Republic", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Soviet government assume power?", "id": "56e0a03e231d4119001ac2e7", "answers": [{"text": "November 7, 1917", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What event led to the assumption of power by the Soviet government?", "id": "56e0a03e231d4119001ac2e8", "answers": [{"text": "the October Revolution", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body governed Russia prior to the Soviet government?", "id": "56e0a03e231d4119001ac2e9", "answers": [{"text": "the Russian Provisional Government", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In months, for how long was the new Soviet state unrecognized?", "id": "56e0a03e231d4119001ac2ea", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "November 7, 1917", "answer_start": 41}], "question": "When did the Soviet regime first lose power?", "id": "5acdfb1732bba1001ae49931", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian Provisional Government", "answer_start": 81}], "question": "Which government was in power after the Soviet regime?", "id": "5acdfb1732bba1001ae49932", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "October Revolution", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "Which revolution led to the Soviet regime's fall from power?", "id": "5acdfb1732bba1001ae49933", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "five months", "answer_start": 311}], "question": "How long was the state of the Soviet regime recognized by other countries?", "id": "5acdfb1732bba1001ae49934", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian Republic", "answer_start": 132}], "question": "What wasn't the name of the republic the Russian Provisional Goverment ruled?", "id": "5acdfb1732bba1001ae49935", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months."}], ["Sempadan antarabangsa RSFSR menyentuh Poland di barat; Norway dan Finland di barat laut; dan di tenggaranya adalah Republik Demokratik Rakyat Korea, Republik Rakyat Mongolia, dan Republik Rakyat China. Dalam Kesatuan Soviet, RSFSR bersempadan dengan SSR Ukraine, Belarusia, Estonia, Latvia dan Lithuania ke barat dan Azerbaijan, Georgia dan Kazakhstan SSR di selatan. <> Negara manakah sempadan RSFSR di barat? || Poland <> Negara manakah sempadan RSFSR di barat laut? || Norway dan Finland <> Negara manakah sempadan RSFSR di tenggara? || Republik Demokratik Rakyat Korea, Republik Rakyat Mongolia, dan Republik Rakyat China <> Negara-negara Soviet apakah sempadan RSFSR di selatan? || Azerbaijan, Georgia dan Kazakhstan SSRs <> Yang negara-negara Soviet melakukan perbatasan RSFSR di barat? || Bahasa Ukrainia, Belarusia, Estonia, Latvia dan Lithuania <> Apa negara bersempadan dengan Rusia di barat? || Poland <> Bersama dengan Norway, negara apa yang bersempadan dengan RSFSR di barat laut? || Finland <> Di USSR, apa yang SSR lakukan sempadan RSFSR bersama dengan SSR Kazakh? || Georgia <> Bersama dengan Republik Rakyat Mongolia dan Republik Rakyat China, negara apakah perbatasan RSFSR di tenggara? || Republik Demokratik Rakyat Korea <> Negara manakah yang menakluki RSFSR di barat? || <> Negara manakah yang menakluki RSFSR di barat laut? || <> Negara manakah RSFSR menggabungkan di tenggara? || <> Di manakah negara Rusia melakukan sempadan RSFSR di selatan? || <> Di mana negara-negara Soviet melakukan penolakan RSFSR di barat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which country did the RSFSR border on the west?", "id": "56df54f18bc80c19004e4ab9", "answers": [{"text": "Poland", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which countries did the RSFSR border on the northwest?", "id": "56df54f18bc80c19004e4aba", "answers": [{"text": "Norway and Finland", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which countries did the RSFSR border on the southeast?", "id": "56df54f18bc80c19004e4abb", "answers": [{"text": "Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Soviet countries did the RSFSR border on the south?", "id": "56df54f18bc80c19004e4abc", "answers": [{"text": "Azerbaijan, Georgian and Kazakh SSRs", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Soviet countries did the RSFSR border on the west?", "id": "56df54f18bc80c19004e4abd", "answers": [{"text": "the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian SSRs", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country borders Russia on the west?", "id": "56e09fc4231d4119001ac2df", "answers": [{"text": "Poland", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Norway, what country borders the RSFSR on the northwest?", "id": "56e09fc4231d4119001ac2e0", "answers": [{"text": "Finland", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the USSR, what SSR did the RSFSR border along with the Kazakh SSR?", "id": "56e09fc4231d4119001ac2e1", "answers": [{"text": "Georgian", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Mongolian People's Republic and the People's Republic of China, what country did the RSFSR border to its southeast?", "id": "56e09fc4231d4119001ac2e2", "answers": [{"text": "Democratic People's Republic of Korea", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Poland", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "Which country did the RSFSR conquer on the west?", "id": "5acdf98032bba1001ae4991d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Norway and Finland", "answer_start": 67}], "question": "Which countries did the RSFSR conquer on the northwest?", "id": "5acdf98032bba1001ae4991e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China", "answer_start": 134}], "question": "Which countries did the RSFSR incorporate on the southeast?", "id": "5acdf98032bba1001ae4991f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Azerbaijan, Georgian and Kazakh SSRs", "answer_start": 363}], "question": "Which Russian countries did the RSFSR border on the south?", "id": "5acdf98032bba1001ae49920", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian SSRs", "answer_start": 286}], "question": "Which Soviet countries did the RSFSR reject on the west?", "id": "5acdf98032bba1001ae49921", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian SSRs to its west and Azerbaijan, Georgian and Kazakh SSRs to the south."}], ["Pada 25 Januari 1918, pada mesyuarat ketiga All-Russian Congress of Soviets, keadaan yang tidak dikenali itu dinamakan semula sebagai Republik Rusia Soviet. Pada 3 Mac 1918, Perjanjian Brest-Litovsk telah ditandatangani, yang memberikan banyak tanah bekas Empayar Rusia ke Jerman, sebagai pertukaran untuk keamanan di Perang Dunia I. Pada 10 Julai 1918, Perlembagaan Rusia 1918 dinamakan semula negara Soviet Soviet Union Republik Persekutuan. Menjelang 1918, semasa Perang Saudara Rusia, beberapa negeri di dalam bekas Empayar Rusia telah menyekat, mengurangkan saiz negara. <> Yang mana nama rasmi Rusia diberikan pada permulaan tahun 1918? || Republik Soviet Soviet <> Negara mana yang Rusia memberikan tanah semasa Perang Dunia I? || Jerman <> Perjanjian mana yang ditandatangani Rusia untuk memberi tanah dan mendapat keamanan semasa Perang Dunia I? || Perjanjian Brest-Litovsk <> Perang apa yang menyebabkan Rusia menyusut lebih lanjut pada tahun 1918? || Perang Saudara Rusia <> Berapakah jumlah pertemuan Kongres Soviet All-Russian berlaku pada 25 Januari 1918? || ketiga <> Pada 25 Januari 1918, apakah nama rasmi yang diberikan kepada negara Soviet? || Republik Rusia Soviet <> Apa yang Rusia terima sebagai balasan untuk menandatangani Perjanjian Brest-Litovsk? || perdamaian pada Perang Dunia I <> Pada tarikh apakah negara itu dinamakan semula Republik Persekutuan Soviet Sosialis? || 10 Julai 1918 <> Semasa konflik 1918 menyatakan keadaan dari Rusia? || Perang Saudara Rusia <> Yang tidak rasmi nama Rusia diberikan pada permulaan tahun 1918? || <> Ke mana negara Rusia memberikan tanah semasa Perang Dunia II? || <> Perjanjian mana yang ditandatangani Rusia untuk memberikan tanah dan mendapat keamanan semasa Perang Dunia Kedua? || <> Perang apa yang menyebabkan Rusia terus berkembang pada tahun 1918? || <> Perjumpaan berjumlah Kongres Sovyet Semua-Rusia berlaku pada 25 Januari 1981? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which official name was Russia given at the start of 1918?", "id": "56df57b996943c1400a5d3d7", "answers": [{"text": "the Soviet Russian Republic", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To which country did Russia give land during World War I?", "id": "56df57b996943c1400a5d3d9", "answers": [{"text": "Germany", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which treaty did Russia sign in order to give land and gain peace during World War I?", "id": "56df57b996943c1400a5d3da", "answers": [{"text": "the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What war resulted in Russia shrinking further during 1918?", "id": "56df57b996943c1400a5d3db", "answers": [{"text": "the Russian Civil War", "answer_start": 449}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What numbered meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets occurred on January 25, 1918?", "id": "56e0a0c97aa994140058e65d", "answers": [{"text": "third", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On January 25, 1918, what was the official name given to the Soviet state?", "id": "56e0a0c97aa994140058e65e", "answers": [{"text": "the Soviet Russian Republic", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Russia receive in return for signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?", "id": "56e0a0c97aa994140058e65f", "answers": [{"text": "peace in World War I", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was the country renamed the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic?", "id": "56e0a0c97aa994140058e660", "answers": [{"text": "July 10, 1918", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what 1918 conflict did states secede from Russia?", "id": "56e0a0c97aa994140058e661", "answers": [{"text": "the Russian Civil War", "answer_start": 449}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet Russian Republic", "answer_start": 121}], "question": "Which unofficial name was Russia given at the start of 1918?", "id": "5acdfb7c32bba1001ae4993b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Germany", "answer_start": 265}], "question": "To which country did Russia give land during World War II?", "id": "5acdfb7c32bba1001ae4993c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk", "answer_start": 168}], "question": "Which treaty did Russia sign in order to give land and gain peace during World War II?", "id": "5acdfb7c32bba1001ae4993d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian Civil War", "answer_start": 453}], "question": "What war resulted in Russia growing further during 1918?", "id": "5acdfb7c32bba1001ae4993e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "third", "answer_start": 28}], "question": "What numbered meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets occurred on January 25, 1981?", "id": "5acdfb7c32bba1001ae4993f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire had seceded, reducing the size of the country even more."}], ["Pada 30 Disember 1922, dengan penciptaan Kesatuan Soviet, Rusia menjadi salah satu daripada enam republik dalam persekutuan Kesatuan Soviet Sosialis Republik. Nama Soviet terakhir untuk republik itu, Republik Soviet Sosialis Federasi Persekutuan, telah diterima pakai dalam Perlembagaan Soviet 1936. Pada masa itu, Rusia Soviet telah mendapat kira-kira sama sempadan Tsardom lama Rusia sebelum Perang Utara Besar 1700. <> Bilakah Kesatuan Soviet dicipta? || 30 Disember 1922 <> Berapa banyak republik yang ada di USSR? || enam <> Apa nama Rusia disenaraikan dalam Perlembagaan Soviet? || Soviet Soviet Federative Socialist Republic <> Bilakah Soviet Union memasukkan nama Rusia terakhir untuk republiknya dalam Perlembagaan? || 1936 <> Di mana perang Rusia terlibat dalam 1700? || Perang Besar Utara <> Pada tarikh apa dicipta oleh Kesatuan Soviet? || 30 Disember 1922 <> Berapa banyak republik yang membentuk USSR menjelang akhir tahun 1922? || enam <> Pada tahun berapa adalah nama Rusia Persekutuan Sosialis Federasi pakai? || 1936 <> Apa dokumen yang dinamakan semula Republik Sosialis Persekutuan Rusia? || Perlembagaan Soviet 1936 <> Pada tahun apakah Perang Besar Besar berperang? || 1700 <> Bilakah Kesatuan Soviet dimusnahkan? || <> Berapa banyak republik tidak berada di USSR? || <> Apa nama Rusia tidak disenaraikan dalam Perlembagaan Soviet? || <> Bilakah Kesatuan Soviet membatalkan nama Rusia terakhir untuk republiknya dalam Perlembagaan? || <> Di mana perang Rusia terlibat dalam 1710? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Soviet Union created?", "id": "56df526396943c1400a5d3ad", "answers": [{"text": "December 30, 1922", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many republics were in the USSR?", "id": "56df526396943c1400a5d3ae", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What name for Russia was listed in the Soviet Constitution?", "id": "56df526396943c1400a5d3af", "answers": [{"text": "the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Soviet Union include the final Russian name for its republic in the Constitution?", "id": "56df526396943c1400a5d3b0", "answers": [{"text": "1936", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which war was Russia involved in 1700?", "id": "56df526396943c1400a5d3b1", "answers": [{"text": "the Great Northern War", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was the Soviet Union created?", "id": "56e09bed7aa994140058e643", "answers": [{"text": "December 30, 1922", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many republics made up the USSR by the end of 1922?", "id": "56e09bed7aa994140058e644", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the name Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic adopted?", "id": "56e09bed7aa994140058e645", "answers": [{"text": "1936", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What document renamed the country the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic?", "id": "56e09bed7aa994140058e646", "answers": [{"text": "Soviet Constitution of 1936", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the Great Northern War fought?", "id": "56e09bed7aa994140058e647", "answers": [{"text": "1700", "answer_start": 426}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December 30, 1922", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When was the Soviet Union destroyed?", "id": "5acdf7e832bba1001ae498ff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "How many republics weren't in the USSR?", "id": "5acdf7e832bba1001ae49900", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic", "answer_start": 206}], "question": "What name for Russia wasn't listed in the Soviet Constitution?", "id": "5acdf7e832bba1001ae49901", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1936", "answer_start": 294}], "question": "When did the Soviet Union disclude the final Russian name for its republic in the Constitution?", "id": "5acdf7e832bba1001ae49902", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Great Northern War", "answer_start": 404}], "question": "In which war was Russia involved in 1710?", "id": "5acdf7e832bba1001ae49903", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700."}], ["Di bawah pimpinan Vladimir Lenin, kaum Bolshevik mendirikan negara Soviet pada 7 November [A.S. 25 Oktober] 1917, sejurus selepas Kerajaan Sementara Rusia, yang memerintah Republik Rusia, digulingkan semasa Revolusi Oktober. Pada mulanya, kerajaan tidak mempunyai nama rasmi dan tidak diiktiraf oleh negara jiran selama lima bulan. Sementara itu, anti-Bolshevik mencipta label \"Sovdepia\" yang mengejek bagi keadaan baru \"Perwakilan Soviet\" dan Perwakilan Petani \". <> Kumpulan mana yang asalnya mencipta negara Soviet? || yang Bolshevik <> yang memimpin kumpulan yang mencipta negara Soviet? || Vladimir Lenin <> Kerajaan mana yang telah digulingkan semasa Revolusi Oktober? || Kerajaan Sementara Rusia <> Berapa lama negara Rusia yang baru di negara ini tidak dikenali oleh negara lain? || lima bulan <> Apa nama orang yang menentang penggunaan Bolsheviks untuk negara Soviet? || Sovdepia <> Siapa pemimpin Bolshevik pada tahun 1917? || Vladimir Lenin <> Badan apa yang digulingkan oleh Revolusi Oktober? || Kerajaan Sementara Rusia <> Berapa lamakah Kesatuan Soviet tidak dikenali? || lima bulan <> Apa label jahat yang diberikan kepada USSR oleh musuh-musuh Bolsheviks? || Sovdepia <> Kumpulan mana yang asalnya memusnahkan negara Soviet? || <> Siapa yang menolak kumpulan yang mencipta negara Soviet? || <> Kerajaan mana yang telah digulingkan sebelum Revolusi Oktober? || <> Berapa lamakah negeri Rusia yang baru diiktiraf oleh negara lain? || <> Apa nama orang yang menentang penolakan Bolshevik untuk negara Soviet? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which group originally created the Soviet state?", "id": "56df4fa496943c1400a5d36d", "answers": [{"text": "the Bolsheviks", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who led the group which created the Soviet state?", "id": "56df4fa496943c1400a5d36e", "answers": [{"text": "Vladimir Lenin", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which government was overthrown during the October Revolution?", "id": "56df4fa496943c1400a5d36f", "answers": [{"text": "the Russian Provisional Government", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did the new Russian Soviet state go unrecognized by other countries?", "id": "56df4fa496943c1400a5d370", "answers": [{"text": "five months", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What name did people opposed to the Bolsheviks use for the Soviet state?", "id": "56df4fa496943c1400a5d371", "answers": [{"text": "Sovdepia", "answer_start": 427}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks in 1917?", "id": "56e09ac47aa994140058e62b", "answers": [{"text": "Vladimir Lenin", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body was overthrown by the October Revolution?", "id": "56e09ac47aa994140058e62d", "answers": [{"text": "Russian Provisional Government", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For how long did the Soviet Union go unrecognized?", "id": "56e09ac47aa994140058e62e", "answers": [{"text": "five months", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What derisive label was given to the USSR by the enemies of the Bolsheviks?", "id": "56e09ac47aa994140058e62f", "answers": [{"text": "Sovdepia", "answer_start": 427}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Bolsheviks", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "Which group originally destroyed the Soviet state?", "id": "5acdf58232bba1001ae498e1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Vladimir Lenin", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "Who rejected the group which created the Soviet state?", "id": "5acdf58232bba1001ae498e2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian Provisional Government", "answer_start": 144}], "question": "Which government was overthrown before the October Revolution?", "id": "5acdf58232bba1001ae498e3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "five months", "answer_start": 361}], "question": "How long did the new Russian Soviet state go recognized by other countries?", "id": "5acdf58232bba1001ae498e4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sovdepia", "answer_start": 427}], "question": "What name did people opposed to the Bolsheviks reject for the Soviet state?", "id": "5acdf58232bba1001ae498e5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label \"Sovdepia\" for the nascent state of the \"Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies\"."}], ["Republik Persekutuan Soviet Sosialis Persekutuan (Rusia SFSR atau RSFSR; Rusia: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika mendengar (help \u00b7 info)) biasanya dirujuk sebagai Rusia Soviet atau semata-mata sebagai Rusia, adalah negara berdaulat dalam 1917-22, republik terbesar Soviet, yang paling ramai penduduk, dan paling maju dari Soviet Union pada tahun 1922-91 dan sebahagian besar daripada Uni Soviet dengan undang-undang sendiri pada tahun 1990-91. Republik ini terdiri daripada enam belas republik autonomi, lima wilayah obligasi, 10 okrug autonomi, enam krais, dan empat puluh wilayah. Rusia membentuk kumpulan etnik yang terbesar. Di sebelah barat ia bersempadan dengan Finland, Norway dan Poland; dan selatan, China, Mongolia dan Korea Utara sementara bersempadan dengan Samudra Arktik di utara, Lautan Pasifik di timur dan Laut Hitam dan Laut Kaspia di selatan. Di dalam USSR, ia bersempadan dengan republik-republik Baltik (Lithuania, Latvia dan Estonia), SSR Byelorussian dan SSR Ukraine di barat. Di sebelah selatan ia bersempadan dengan SSR Georgia, Azerbaijan dan Kazakhstan. <> Samudra yang mana di sepanjang timur Rusia? || Lautan Pasifik <> Kesatuan mana yang Rusia dimiliki selepas tahun 1922? || Uni Soviet <> Bilakah RSFSR berhenti menjadi sebahagian daripada Kesatuan Soviet? || 91 <> Berapa banyak republik otonomi yang membentuk RSFSR? || enam belas <> RSFSR mengandungi berapa wilayah? || empat puluh <> Berapa banyak oblast otonom adalah sebahagian daripada RSFSR? || lima <> Berapa banyak krais hadir di RSFSR? || enam <> Samudra mana yang terletak di sebelah barat Rusia? || <> Kesatuan mana yang Rusia milik sebelum 1922? || <> Bilakah RSFSR terus menjadi sebahagian daripada Kesatuan Soviet? || <> Berapa ramai republik yang bergantung kepada RSFSR? || <> RSFSR menolak berapa banyak wilayah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which ocean is along eastern Russia?", "id": "56df4a8096943c1400a5d340", "answers": [{"text": "the Pacific Ocean", "answer_start": 832}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which union did Russia belong to after 1922?", "id": "56df4a8096943c1400a5d341", "answers": [{"text": "the Soviet Union", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the RSFSR cease to be a part of the Soviet Union?", "id": "56e098707aa994140058e605", "answers": [{"text": "91", "answer_start": 323}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many autonomous republics make up the RSFSR?", "id": "56e098707aa994140058e606", "answers": [{"text": "sixteen", "answer_start": 532}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The RSFSR contains how many oblasts?", "id": "56e098707aa994140058e607", "answers": [{"text": "forty", "answer_start": 625}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many autonomous oblasts were part of the RSFSR?", "id": "56e098707aa994140058e608", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 562}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many krais were present in the RSFSR?", "id": "56e098707aa994140058e609", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 610}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pacific", "answer_start": 836}], "question": "Which ocean is along western Russia?", "id": "5acdf26632bba1001ae498af", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet Union", "answer_start": 407}], "question": "Which union did Russia belong to before 1922?", "id": "5acdf26632bba1001ae498b0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "91", "answer_start": 428}], "question": "When did the RSFSR continue to be a part of the Soviet Union?", "id": "5acdf26632bba1001ae498b1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sixteen", "answer_start": 532}], "question": "How many dependent republics make up the RSFSR?", "id": "5acdf26632bba1001ae498b2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "forty", "answer_start": 625}], "question": "The RSFSR rejects how many oblasts?", "id": "5acdf26632bba1001ae498b3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika  listen (help\u00b7info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state in 1917\u201322, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922\u201391 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990\u201391. The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais, and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. To the west it bordered Finland, Norway and Poland; and to the south, China, Mongolia and North Korea whilst bordering the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Black sea and Caspian Sea to the south. Within the USSR, it bordered the Baltic republics (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia), the Byelorussian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR to the west. To the south it bordered the Georgian, Azerbaijan and Kazakh SSRs."}], ["Nama akhir untuk republik semasa era Soviet telah diterima pakai oleh Perlembagaan Rusia pada tahun 1937, yang menamakannya sebagai Republik Sosialis Persekutuan Rusia. <> Apa yang Rusia dipanggil pada tahun 1937? || Soviet Soviet Socialist Republic Republic <> Apa dokumen berubah nama Rusia pada tahun 1937? || Perlembagaan Rusia 1937 <> Apakah Rusia Soviet tidak disebut sebagai 1937? || <> Apa yang Rusia dipanggil pada tahun 1973? || <> Dokumen apa yang menukar nama Rusia pada tahun 1973? || <> Dokumen apa yang menyimpan nama Rusia pada tahun 1937? || <> Nama terakhir untuk republik semasa era Soviet ditolak oleh Perlembagaan Rusia 1937 ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Soviet Russia called as of 1937?", "id": "56e0a208231d4119001ac2ef", "answers": [{"text": "the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What document changed the name of Russia in 1937?", "id": "56e0a208231d4119001ac2f0", "answers": [{"text": "the Russian Constitution of 1937", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "What was Soviet Russia not called as of 1937?", "id": "5acdfd2f32bba1001ae49959", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "What was Soviet Russia called as of 1973?", "id": "5acdfd2f32bba1001ae4995a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian Constitution of 1937", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "What document changed the name of Russia in 1973?", "id": "5acdfd2f32bba1001ae4995b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian Constitution of 1937", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "What document kept the name of Russia in 1937?", "id": "5acdfd2f32bba1001ae4995c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "The final name for the republic during the Soviet era was rejected by the Russian Constitution of 1937", "id": "5acdfd2f32bba1001ae4995d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The final name for the republic during the Soviet era was adopted by the Russian Constitution of 1937, which renamed it the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic."}], ["Di peringkat antarabangsa, pada tahun 1920, RSFSR diiktiraf sebagai negara merdeka hanya oleh Estonia, Finland, Latvia dan Lithuania dalam Perjanjian Tartu dan oleh Republik Ireland jangka pendek. <> Perjanjian apa yang mengakibatkan pengiktirafan RSFSR oleh Latvia dan negeri-negeri lain? || Perjanjian Tartu <> Bersama dengan Estonia, Latvia, Finlandia dan Lithuania, apakah negeri yang mengiktiraf RSFSR pada tahun 1920? || Ireland Republic <> Perjanjian apa yang mengakibatkan pengiktirafan RSFSR oleh Latvia dan negara-negara lain? || <> Bersama dengan Estonia, Latvia, Finland dan Lithuania, apa keadaan yang berlaku tidak mengakui RSFSR pada tahun 1920? || <> Tahun apakah RSFSW atau tidak dikenali sebagai negara merdeka? || <> Apa yang tidak berlaku pada tahun 1920? || <> Negara mana yang enggan mengakui RSFSR? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What treaty resulted in the recognition of the RSFSR by Latvia and other states?", "id": "56e09b837aa994140058e63f", "answers": [{"text": "Treaty of Tartu", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Lithuania, what state recognized the RSFSR in 1920?", "id": "56e09b837aa994140058e640", "answers": [{"text": "Irish Republic", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Treaty of Tartu", "answer_start": 129}], "question": "What treaty resulted in the nonrecognition of the RSFSR by Latvia and other states?", "id": "5acdf79132bba1001ae498f5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Irish Republic", "answer_start": 168}], "question": "Along with Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Lithuania, what state went didn't recognize the RSFSR in 1920?", "id": "5acdf79132bba1001ae498f6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1920", "answer_start": 20}], "question": "What year was the RSFSW nor recognized as an independent state?", "id": "5acdf79132bba1001ae498f7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state", "answer_start": 26}], "question": "What didn't happen in 1920?", "id": "5acdf79132bba1001ae498f8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania", "answer_start": 83}], "question": "Which countries refused to recognize the RSFSR?", "id": "5acdf79132bba1001ae498f9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Internationally, in 1920, the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state only by Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania in the Treaty of Tartu and by the short-lived Irish Republic."}], ["Bagi sebahagian besar kewujudan Kesatuan Soviet, ia biasanya dirujuk sebagai \"Rusia,\" walaupun secara teknikalnya \"Rusia\" hanya satu republik dalam kesatuan yang lebih besar-walaupun setakat ini yang terbesar, paling kuat dan paling maju. <> Apakah nama umum Kesatuan Soviet? || Rusia <> Secara teknikal, apakah jenis negara Rusia? || republik <> Apa republik terbesar di Uni Soviet? || Rusia <> Apakah nama Soviet Union? || <> Secara teknikal, apakah jenis negara itu bukan Rusia? || <> Apakah republik terkecil di Soviet Union? || <> Republik mana yang paling maju? || <> Republik mana yang paling kurang berkuasa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the common name of the Soviet Union?", "id": "56e09c24231d4119001ac2cb", "answers": [{"text": "Russia", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Technically, what type of state was Russia?", "id": "56e09c24231d4119001ac2cc", "answers": [{"text": "republic", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the largest republic in the Soviet Union?", "id": "56e09c24231d4119001ac2cd", "answers": [{"text": "Russia", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russia", "answer_start": 74}], "question": "What was the uncommon name of the Soviet Union?", "id": "5acdf87832bba1001ae49909", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "republic", "answer_start": 129}], "question": "Technically, what type of state wasn't Russia?", "id": "5acdf87832bba1001ae4990a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russia", "answer_start": 108}], "question": "What was the smallest republic in the Soviet Union?", "id": "5acdf87832bba1001ae4990b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russia", "answer_start": 108}], "question": "Which republic was the least developed?", "id": "5acdf87832bba1001ae4990c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russia", "answer_start": 108}], "question": "Which republic was the least powerful?", "id": "5acdf87832bba1001ae4990d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "For most of the Soviet Union's existence, it was commonly referred to as \"Russia,\" even though technically \"Russia\" was only one republic within the larger union\u2014albeit by far the largest, most powerful and most highly developed."}], ["Kira-kira 70% kawasan RSFSR terdiri daripada dataran yang luas, dengan kawasan tundra pegunungan yang terutama tertumpu di timur. Kawasan ini kaya dengan sumber mineral, termasuk petroleum, gas asli, dan bijih besi. <> Berapa peratus daripada RSFSR yang terdiri daripada dataran? || 70% <> Dalam bahagian apa RSFSR tundra terutamanya wujud? || timur <> Bersama dengan bijih petroleum dan bijih besi, sumber apa yang banyak terdapat di RSFSR? || gas asli <> Sebanyak peratus RSFSR tidak terdiri daripada dataran? || <> Dalam bahagian mana RSFSR tundra tidak wujud terutamanya? || <> Bersama dengan bijih petroleum dan bijih besi, sumber apa yang telah habis dalam RSFSR? || <> Apakah sumber-sumber yang terhad? || <> Di manakah kawasan padang pasir terutamanya tertumpu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of the RSFSR was made up of plains?", "id": "56e09ff67aa994140058e657", "answers": [{"text": "70%", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what part of the RSFSR did tundra mainly exist?", "id": "56e09ff67aa994140058e658", "answers": [{"text": "the east", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with petroleum and iron ore, what resource was abundant in the RSFSR?", "id": "56e09ff67aa994140058e659", "answers": [{"text": "natural gas", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "70%", "answer_start": 8}], "question": "What percentage of the RSFSR wasn't made up of plains?", "id": "5acdfa8d32bba1001ae49927", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the east", "answer_start": 119}], "question": "In what part of the RSFSR did tundra mainly not exist?", "id": "5acdfa8d32bba1001ae49928", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "natural gas", "answer_start": 189}], "question": "Along with petroleum and iron ore, what resource was depleted in the RSFSR?", "id": "5acdfa8d32bba1001ae49929", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, and iron ore", "answer_start": 149}], "question": "What scarce resources are there?", "id": "5acdfa8d32bba1001ae4992a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the east", "answer_start": 119}], "question": "Where are the desert regions mainly concentrated?", "id": "5acdfa8d32bba1001ae4992b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Roughly 70% of the area in the RSFSR consisted of broad plains, with mountainous tundra regions mainly concentrated in the east. The area is rich in mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, and iron ore."}], ["Pada 3 Mac 1944, atas perintah Stalin, ASSR Chechen-Ingush dibubarkan dan penduduknya secara paksa dihantar pulang atas tuduhan kerjasama dengan penceroboh dan separatisme. Wilayah ASSR dibahagikan antara unit pentadbiran SFSR Rusia dan SSR Georgia. <> Apa negeri dibubarkan pada 3 Mac 1944? || The Chechen-Ingush ASSR <> Siapa yang mengarahkan pengusiran penduduk ASSR Chechen-Ingush? || Stalin <> Kenapa penduduk ASDR Chechen-Ingush dihantar pulang? || tuduhan kerjasama dengan penceroboh dan separatisme <> Bersama dengan RSFSR, republik apa yang menerima wilayah dari bekas ASSR Chechen-Ingush? || Georgian SSR <> Apa negeri dicipta pada 3 Mac 1944? || <> Siapa yang mengarahkan penaturalisasian penduduk ASSR Chechen-Ingush? || <> Kenapa penduduk ASSR Chechen-Ingush tidak dihantar pulang? || <> Bersama dengan RSFSR, republik apa yang tidak menerima wilayah dari bekas ASSR Chechen-Ingush? || <> Apa negeri dibubarkan pada 4 Mac 1943? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What state was dissolved on March 3, 1944?", "id": "56e0a2a3231d4119001ac2f3", "answers": [{"text": "the Chechen-Ingush ASSR", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ordered the deportation of the residents of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR?", "id": "56e0a2a3231d4119001ac2f4", "answers": [{"text": "Stalin", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why were the residents of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR deported?", "id": "56e0a2a3231d4119001ac2f5", "answers": [{"text": "accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the RSFSR, what republic received territory from the former Chechen-Ingush ASSR?", "id": "56e0a2a3231d4119001ac2f6", "answers": [{"text": "Georgian SSR", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Chechen-Ingush ASSR", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "What state was created on March 3, 1944?", "id": "5ace04ac32bba1001ae4996d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Stalin", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "Who ordered the naturalization of the residents of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR?", "id": "5ace04ac32bba1001ae4996e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "Why were the residents of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR not deported?", "id": "5ace04ac32bba1001ae4996f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Georgian SSR", "answer_start": 286}], "question": "Along with the RSFSR, what republic didn't receive territory from the former Chechen-Ingush ASSR?", "id": "5ace04ac32bba1001ae49970", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Chechen-Ingush ASSR", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "What state was dissolved on March 4, 1943?", "id": "5ace04ac32bba1001ae49971", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On March 3, 1944, on the orders of Stalin, the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was disbanded and its population forcibly deported upon the accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism. The territory of the ASSR was divided between other administrative unit of Russian SFSR and the Georgian SSR."}], ["Pada 25 Disember 1991, SFSR Rusia telah dinamakan semula sebagai Persekutuan Rusia. Pada 26 Disember 1991, USSR dibubarkan sendiri oleh Soviet Nationalities, yang pada waktu itu adalah satu-satunya rumah yang berfungsi oleh Soviet Tertinggi (rumah lain, Soviet Kesatuan, telah kehilangan kuorum setelah mengenangnya ahli oleh republik kesatuan). Selepas pembubaran USSR, Rusia mengisytiharkan bahawa ia menganggap hak dan kewajipan kerajaan Soviet yang dibubarkan, termasuk keanggotaan PBB. <> Apakah nama baru yang diberikan kepada RSFSR pada 25 Disember 1991? || Persekutuan Rusia <> Pada tarikh apakah USSR dibubarkan? || 26 Disember 1991 <> Badan apa yang bertanggungjawab untuk pembubaran USSR? || Soviet of Nationalities <> Apa rumah Soviet Tertinggi tidak berfungsi pada 26 Disember 1991? || Soviet Union <> Apa satu hak kerajaan Soviet bahawa kerajaan Rusia diandaikan? || Keanggotaan PBB <> Apakah nama baru yang diberikan kepada RSFSR pada 25 November 1991 || <> Pada tarikh apakah USSR diselesaikan? || <> Badan apa yang bertanggungjawab untuk penyelesaian USSR? || <> Apa rumah Soviet Tertinggi berfungsi pada 26 Disember 1991? || <> Apa satu hak kerajaan Soviet yang dianggap rakyat Rusia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the new name given to the RSFSR on December 25, 1991?", "id": "56e09a4e7aa994140058e621", "answers": [{"text": "Russian Federation", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was the USSR dissolved?", "id": "56e09a4e7aa994140058e622", "answers": [{"text": "December 26, 1991", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body was responsible for the dissolution of the USSR?", "id": "56e09a4e7aa994140058e623", "answers": [{"text": "Soviet of Nationalities", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What house of the Supreme Soviet was not functioning as of December 26, 1991?", "id": "56e09a4e7aa994140058e624", "answers": [{"text": "Soviet of the Union", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was one right of the Soviet government that the government of Russia assumed?", "id": "56e09a4e7aa994140058e625", "answers": [{"text": "UN membership", "answer_start": 493}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian Federation", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "What was the new name given to the RSFSR on November 25, 1991", "id": "5acdf51b32bba1001ae498d7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December 26, 1991", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "On what date was the USSR resolved?", "id": "5acdf51b32bba1001ae498d8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet of Nationalities", "answer_start": 132}], "question": "What body was responsible for the solution of the USSR?", "id": "5acdf51b32bba1001ae498d9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet of the Union", "answer_start": 247}], "question": "What house of the Supreme Soviet was functioning as of December 26, 1991?", "id": "5acdf51b32bba1001ae498da", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "UN membership", "answer_start": 493}], "question": "What was one right of the Soviet government that the citizens of Russia assumed?", "id": "5acdf51b32bba1001ae498db", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the union republics). After dissolution of the USSR, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership."}], ["Banyak rantau di Rusia telah terjejas oleh kebuluran Soviet pada 1932-1933: Volga; Wilayah Tanah Hitam Tengah; Caucasus Utara; Ural; Crimea; sebahagian daripada Siberia Barat; dan ASSR Kazak. Dengan penggunaan Perlembagaan Soviet 1936 pada 5 Disember 1936, saiz RSFSR berkurang dengan ketara. ASSR Kazakh dan Kirghiz ASSR telah diubah menjadi Kazakh dan Kyrgyz Republik Sosialis Soviet. Republik Sosialis Autonomi Karakalpak dipindahkan ke Uzbek SSR. <> Selama apa ada kebuluran di Uni Soviet? || 1932-1933 <> Dokumen apa yang telah disahkan pada 5 Disember 1936? || 1936 Perlembagaan Soviet <> Apa ASSR Kazakh dan Kirghiz ASSR dinamakan semula sebagai Perlembagaan Soviet 1936? || Republik Sosialis Soviet dan Kyrgyz Soviet <> Republik apa Republik Sosialis Autonomi Karakalpak menjadi sebahagian daripada? || <strong> SSR Uzbek <> Apa kesannya Perlembagaan Soviet 1936 pada saiz Rusia? || dikurangkan <> Dalam tempoh apa terdapat pesta di Kesatuan Soviet? || <> Dokumen apa yang ditolak pada 5 Disember 1936? || <> Apakah ASSR Kazakh dan Kirghiz ASSR tidak dinamakan mengikut Perlembagaan Soviet 1936? || <> Republika apa yang dilakukan oleh Republik Sosialis Autonomi Karakalpak berhenti menjadi sebahagian daripada? || <> Apa kesan 1963 Perlembagaan Soviet terhadap saiz Rusia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "During what span was there a famine in the Soviet Union?", "id": "56e0a1d07aa994140058e671", "answers": [{"text": "1932\u20131933", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What document was ratified on December 5, 1936?", "id": "56e0a1d07aa994140058e672", "answers": [{"text": "the 1936 Soviet Constitution", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR renamed per the 1936 Soviet Constitution?", "id": "56e0a1d07aa994140058e673", "answers": [{"text": "the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics", "answer_start": 365}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What republic did the Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic become a part of?", "id": "56e0a1d07aa994140058e674", "answers": [{"text": "the Uzbek SSR", "answer_start": 487}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What effect did the 1936 Soviet Constitution have on the size of the Russia?", "id": "56e0a1d07aa994140058e675", "answers": [{"text": "reduced", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1932\u20131933", "answer_start": 61}], "question": "During what span was there a feast in the Soviet Union?", "id": "5acdfc4232bba1001ae4994f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1936 Soviet Constitution", "answer_start": 215}], "question": "What document was rejected on December 5, 1936?", "id": "5acdfc4232bba1001ae49950", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics", "answer_start": 369}], "question": "What were the Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR not named per the 1936 Soviet Constitution?", "id": "5acdfc4232bba1001ae49951", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Uzbek SSR", "answer_start": 491}], "question": "What republic did the Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic cease being a part of?", "id": "5acdfc4232bba1001ae49952", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "reduced", "answer_start": 301}], "question": "What effect did the 1963 Soviet Constitution have on the size of the Russia?", "id": "5acdfc4232bba1001ae49953", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Many regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932\u20131933: Volga; Central Black Soil Region; North Caucasus; the Urals; the Crimea; part of Western Siberia; and the Kazak ASSR. With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on December 5, 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR were transformed into the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics. The Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic was transferred to the Uzbek SSR."}], ["Pada 12 Jun 1990, Kongres Timbalan Rakyat mengguna pakai Perisytiharan Kedaulatan Negeri. Pada 12 Jun 1991, Boris Yeltsin dipilih sebagai Presiden pertama. Pada 8 Disember 1991, ketua-ketua Rusia, Ukraine dan Belarus menandatangani Perjanjian Belavezha. Perjanjian itu mengisytiharkan pembubaran USSR oleh negara pengasasnya (iaitu mengecam Perjanjian 1922 mengenai Penciptaan USSR) dan menubuhkan CIS. Pada 12 Disember, perjanjian itu telah disahkan oleh Parlimen Rusia, oleh itu SFSR Rusia mengecam Perjanjian mengenai Penciptaan USSR dan de facto mengisytiharkan kemerdekaan Rusia dari USSR. <> Pada tarikh apakah Perisytiharan Kedaulatan Negeri diambil? || 12 Jun 1990 <> Siapa yang menjadi presiden pada 12 Jun 1991? || Boris Yeltsin <> Pada tarikh apakah Perjanjian Belavezha ditandatangani? || 8 Disember 1991 <> Bilakah Parlimen Rusia mengesahkan Perjanjian Belavezha? || 12 Disember <> Persetujuan apa yang menggantikan Perjanjian Belavezha? || 1922 Perjanjian mengenai Penciptaan USSR <> Pada tarikh apakah Deklarasi Kedaulatan Negeri ditolak? || <> Siapa yang menjadi perdana menteri pada 12 Jun 1991? || <> Pada tarikh apakah Perjanjian Belavezha ditolak? || <> Bilakah Parlimen Rusia menolak Perjanjian Belavezha? || <> Persetujuan apa yang disesuaikan dengan Perjanjian Belavezha? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty adopted?", "id": "56e099da231d4119001ac2c1", "answers": [{"text": "June 12, 1990", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who became president on June 12, 1991?", "id": "56e099da231d4119001ac2c2", "answers": [{"text": "Boris Yeltsin", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date were the Belavezha Accords signed?", "id": "56e099da231d4119001ac2c3", "answers": [{"text": "December 8, 1991", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Russian Parliament ratify the Belavezha Accords?", "id": "56e099da231d4119001ac2c4", "answers": [{"text": "December 12", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What agreement did the Belavezha Accords supersede?", "id": "56e099da231d4119001ac2c5", "answers": [{"text": "1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "June 12, 1990", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty rejected?", "id": "5acdf41532bba1001ae498cd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Boris Yeltsin", "answer_start": 116}], "question": "Who became prime minister on June 12, 1991?", "id": "5acdf41532bba1001ae498ce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December 8, 1991", "answer_start": 166}], "question": "On what date were the Belavezha Accords rejected?", "id": "5acdf41532bba1001ae498cf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December 12", "answer_start": 411}], "question": "When did the Russian Parliament reject the Belavezha Accords?", "id": "5acdf41532bba1001ae498d0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR", "answer_start": 342}], "question": "What agreement did the Belavezha Accords superimpose?", "id": "5acdf41532bba1001ae498d1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR."}], ["Pada 30 Disember 1922, Kongres Pertama Soviet Soviets meluluskan Perjanjian mengenai Penciptaan USSR, yang mana Rusia bersatu dengan Republik Sosialis Soviet Ukraine, Republik Soviet Sosialis Soviet, dan Republik Sosialis Persekutuan Transcaucasian satu negeri persekutuan, Kesatuan Soviet. Perjanjian kemudian dimasukkan dalam Perlembagaan Soviet 1924, [klarifikasi diperlukan] yang diterima pakai pada 31 Januari 1924 oleh Kongres Kedua Soviet Soviet USSR. <> Pada tarikh apa Perjanjian berlakunya Penciptaan USSR? || 30 Disember 1922 <> Badan apa yang melepasi Perjanjian mengenai Penciptaan USSR? || Kongres pertama Soviet Soviet USSR <> Bersama Republik Sosialis Soviet Ukraine dan Republik Sosialis Sovyet Soviet, negara apakah yang menyertai Rusia untuk membentuk Kesatuan Soviet? || Transcaucasian Republik Sosialis Persekutuan Persekutuan <> Pada tarikh apa 1924 Perlembagaan Soviet mengadopsi? || 31 Januari 1924 <> Badan apa yang digunakan oleh 1924 Perlembagaan Soviet? || Kongres Kedua Soviet Soviet USSR <> Pada apa tarikh Perjanjian Treaty of the USSR ditolak? || <> Badan apa yang menolak Perjanjian mengenai Penciptaan USSR? || <> Bersama Republik Sosialis Soviet Ukraine dan Republik Sosialis Soviet Belarus, negara apa yang tidak bergabung dengan Rusia untuk membentuk Kesatuan Soviet? || <> Pada tarikh apa 1942 Perlembagaan Soviet mengadopsi? || <> Badan apa yang menolak 1924 Perlembagaan Soviet? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR passed?", "id": "56e0a1517aa994140058e667", "answers": [{"text": "December 30, 1922", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body passed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR?", "id": "56e0a1517aa994140058e668", "answers": [{"text": "First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, what state joined Russia to form the Soviet Union?", "id": "56e0a1517aa994140058e669", "answers": [{"text": "Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was the 1924 Soviet Constitution adopted?", "id": "56e0a1517aa994140058e66a", "answers": [{"text": "January 31, 1924", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body adopted the 1924 Soviet Constitution?", "id": "56e0a1517aa994140058e66b", "answers": [{"text": "the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR", "answer_start": 442}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December 30, 1922", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "On what date was the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR rejected?", "id": "5acdfbdc32bba1001ae49945", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR", "answer_start": 26}], "question": "What body rejected the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR?", "id": "5acdfbdc32bba1001ae49946", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic", "answer_start": 234}], "question": "Along with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, what state didn't join Russia to form the Soviet Union?", "id": "5acdfbdc32bba1001ae49947", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "January 31, 1924", "answer_start": 422}], "question": "On what date was the 1942 Soviet Constitution adopted?", "id": "5acdfbdc32bba1001ae49948", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR", "answer_start": 446}], "question": "What body rejected the 1924 Soviet Constitution?", "id": "5acdfbdc32bba1001ae49949", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On December 30, 1922, the First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, by which Russia was united with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, and Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic into a single federal state, the Soviet Union. Later treaty was included in the 1924 Soviet Constitution,[clarification needed] adopted on January 31, 1924 by the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR."}], ["Pada 25 Januari 1918, mesyuarat ketiga Kongres Soviet All-Russian dinamakan semula sebagai negara yang tidak dikenali Republik Soviet Soviet. Perjanjian Brest-Litovsk ditandatangani pada 3 Mac 1918, dengan memberikan banyak tanah bekas Empayar Rusia ke Jerman sebagai pertukaran untuk perdamaian semasa Perang Dunia I. Pada 10 Julai 1918, Perlembagaan Rusia 1918 dinamakan semula negara Persekutuan Soviet Sosialis Rusia. Menjelang tahun 1918, semasa Perang Saudara Rusia, beberapa negeri di dalam bekas Empayar Rusia melepaskan diri, mengurangkan saiz negara. <> Pada tarikh apakah negara bernama Republik Rusia Soviet? || 25 Januari 1918 <> Badan apa yang dinamakan semula sebagai Republik Rusia Soviet? || Kongres Soviet All-Russian <> Bilakah Perjanjian Brest-Litovsk ditandatangani? || 3 Mac 1918 <> Perjanjian Brest-Litovsk menyerahkan tanah kepada negeri apa? || Jerman <> Dokumen apa yang namanya berganti nama menjadi Rusia Persekutuan Sosialis Rusia? || Perlembagaan Rusia 1918 <> Pada tarikh apakah negara bernama Republik Komunis Soviet? || <> Kepala apa yang dinamakan semula sebagai Republik Rusia Soviet? || <> Bilakah Perjanjian Brest-Litovsk ditolak? || <> Perjanjian Brest-Litovsk mengambil tanah dari apa negeri? || <> Siapakah yang menamakan semula negara Persekutuan Rusia Sosialis Rusia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the state named the Soviet Russian Republic?", "id": "56e09b2a7aa994140058e635", "answers": [{"text": "January 25, 1918", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body renamed the state the Soviet Russian Republic?", "id": "56e09b2a7aa994140058e636", "answers": [{"text": "All-Russian Congress of Soviets", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed?", "id": "56e09b2a7aa994140058e637", "answers": [{"text": "March 3, 1918", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ceded land to what state?", "id": "56e09b2a7aa994140058e638", "answers": [{"text": "Germany", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What document renamed the state the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic?", "id": "56e09b2a7aa994140058e639", "answers": [{"text": "Russian Constitution of 1918", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "January 25, 1918", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "On what date was the state named the Soviet Communist Republic?", "id": "5acdf66132bba1001ae498eb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "All-Russian Congress of Soviets", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "What head renamed the state the Soviet Russian Republic?", "id": "5acdf66132bba1001ae498ec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "March 3, 1918", "answer_start": 179}], "question": "When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk rejected?", "id": "5acdf66132bba1001ae498ed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Germany", "answer_start": 255}], "question": "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk took land from what state?", "id": "5acdf66132bba1001ae498ee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian Constitution of 1918", "answer_start": 339}], "question": "What person renamed the state the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic?", "id": "5acdf66132bba1001ae498ef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more."}], ["Setelah merebut semula Estonia dan Latvia pada tahun 1944, SFSR Rusia telah mencapainya wilayah paling timur di sekitar Ivangorod dan dalam Daerah Pechorsky dan Pytalovsky moden pada tahun 1944-1945. <> Bersama dengan Estonia, negara apa yang diambil alih oleh SFSR Rusia pada tahun 1944? || Latvia <> Apa daerah moden Estonia dan Latvia dilampirkan oleh RSFSR pada tahun 1944? || Pechorsky dan Pytalovsky Districts <> Berhampiran bandar apakah kawasan lampiran RSFSR pada tahun 1944? || Ivangorod <> Bersama dengan Estonia, negara apakah yang ditinggalkan oleh SFSR Rusia pada tahun 1944? || <> Apa daerah moden Estonia dan Latvia yang dilampirkan oleh RSFSR pada tahun 1934? || <> Berhampiran bandar apakah RSFSR meninggalkan wilayah pada tahun 1944? || <> Apa yang berlaku di Estonia dan Latvia pada tahun 1494? || <> Bersama dengan Latvia, negara apa yang diperdagangkan oleh SFSR Rusia pada tahun 1944? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Estonia, what country was taken over by the Russian SFSR in 1944?", "id": "56e0a38a231d4119001ac301", "answers": [{"text": "Latvia", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What modern districts of Estonia and Latvia were annexed by the RSFSR in 1944?", "id": "56e0a38a231d4119001ac302", "answers": [{"text": "Pechorsky and Pytalovsky Districts", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Near what town did the RSFSR annex territory in 1944?", "id": "56e0a38a231d4119001ac303", "answers": [{"text": "Ivangorod", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Latvia", "answer_start": 31}], "question": "Along with Estonia, what country was left alone by the Russian SFSR in 1944?", "id": "5ace059132bba1001ae49981", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pechorsky and Pytalovsky Districts", "answer_start": 141}], "question": "What modern districts of Estonia and Latvia were annexed by the RSFSR in 1934?", "id": "5ace059132bba1001ae49982", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ivangorod", "answer_start": 109}], "question": "Near what town did the RSFSR leave territory in 1944?", "id": "5ace059132bba1001ae49983", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian SFSR annexed their easternmost territories", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "What happened to Estonia and Latvia in 1494?", "id": "5ace059132bba1001ae49984", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Estonia", "answer_start": 19}], "question": "Along with Latvia, what country was traded over by the Russian SFSR in 1944?", "id": "5ace059132bba1001ae49985", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "After reconquering Estonia and Latvia in 1944, the Russian SFSR annexed their easternmost territories around Ivangorod and within the modern Pechorsky and Pytalovsky Districts in 1944-1945."}], ["Pada 8 Februari 1955, Malenkov telah diturunkan secara rasmi kepada Timbalan Perdana Menteri. Sebagai Setiausaha Pertama Jawatankuasa Pusat Parti Komunis, kuasa Nikita Khrushchev telah dipertingkatkan dengan ketara oleh penurunan Malenkov. <> Siapa diturunkan pada 8 Februari 1955? || Malenkov <> Untuk kedudukan apa yang diturunkan Malenkov? || Timbalan Perdana Menteri <> Kedudukan apa yang dipegang oleh Nikita Khrushchev? || Setiausaha Pertama Jawatankuasa Pusat Parti Komunis <> Siapa yang mendapat manfaat daripada demen Malenkov? || Nikita Khrushchev <> Siapa yang dinaikkan pangkat pada 8 Februari 1955? || <> Siapa diturunkan pada 8 Februari 1945? || <> Kepada kedudukan apa yang dipromosikan oleh Malenkov? || <> Kedudukan apa yang tidak dipegang oleh Nikita Khrushchev? || <> Siapa yang mendapat manfaat daripada promosi Malenkov? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was demoted on February 8, 1955?", "id": "56e0a46c231d4119001ac307", "answers": [{"text": "Malenkov", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what position was Malenkov demoted?", "id": "56e0a46c231d4119001ac308", "answers": [{"text": "deputy Prime Minister", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What position was held by Nikita Khrushchev?", "id": "56e0a46c231d4119001ac309", "answers": [{"text": "First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who benefited from the demotion of Malenkov?", "id": "56e0a46c231d4119001ac30a", "answers": [{"text": "Nikita Khrushchev", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Malenkov", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "Who was promoted on February 8, 1955?", "id": "5ace06bb32bba1001ae4999f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Malenkov", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "Who was demoted on February 8, 1945?", "id": "5ace06bb32bba1001ae499a0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "deputy Prime Minister", "answer_start": 56}], "question": "To what position was Malenkov promoted?", "id": "5ace06bb32bba1001ae499a1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "What position wasn't held by Nikita Khrushchev?", "id": "5ace06bb32bba1001ae499a2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nikita Khrushchev", "answer_start": 147}], "question": "Who benefited from the promotion of Malenkov?", "id": "5ace06bb32bba1001ae499a3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On February 8, 1955, Malenkov was officially demoted to deputy Prime Minister. As First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, Nikita Khrushchev's authority was significantly enhanced by Malenkov's demotion."}], ["Pada tahun 1964, Nikita Khrushchev telah dipecat dari jawatannya dan digantikan dengan Leonid Brezhnev. Di bawah pemerintahannya, SFSR Rusia dan seluruh Kesatuan Soviet telah melalui era genangan. Walaupun dia meninggal dunia pada tahun 1982, era itu tidak berakhir sehingga Mikhail Gorbachev mengambil kuasa dan memperkenalkan pembaharuan liberal dalam masyarakat Soviet. <> Siapa yang kehilangan kuasa pada tahun 1964? || Nikita Khrushchev <> Siapa yang mengambil alih kedudukan kuasa pada tahun 1964? || Leonid Brezhnev <> Bilakah Leonid Brezhnev mati? || 1982 <> Kuasa kuasanya mengakhiri era genangan? || Mikhail Gorbachev <> Bagaimana Mikhail Gorbachev menamatkan zaman genangan? || memperkenalkan pembaharuan liberal dalam masyarakat Soviet <> Yang kehilangan kuasa pada tahun 1946? || <> Siapa yang menganggap kedudukan kuasa pada tahun 1946? || <> Bilakah Leonard Brezhnev mati? || <> Kuasa kuasanya yang terus menerus era genangan? || <> Bagaimana Mikhail Gorbachev memulakan era genangan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who lost power in 1964?", "id": "56e0a534231d4119001ac319", "answers": [{"text": "Nikita Khrushchev", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who assumed a position of power in 1964?", "id": "56e0a534231d4119001ac31a", "answers": [{"text": "Leonid Brezhnev", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Leonid Brezhnev die?", "id": "56e0a534231d4119001ac31b", "answers": [{"text": "1982", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose assumption of power ended the era of stagnation?", "id": "56e0a534231d4119001ac31c", "answers": [{"text": "Mikhail Gorbachev", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did Mikhail Gorbachev end the era of stagnation?", "id": "56e0a534231d4119001ac31d", "answers": [{"text": "introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nikita Khrushchev", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "Who lost power in 1946?", "id": "5ace076932bba1001ae499b3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Leonid Brezhnev", "answer_start": 84}], "question": "Who assumed a position of power in 1946?", "id": "5ace076932bba1001ae499b4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1982", "answer_start": 224}], "question": "When did Leonard Brezhnev die?", "id": "5ace076932bba1001ae499b5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mikhail Gorbachev", "answer_start": 255}], "question": "Whose assumption of power continued the era of stagnation?", "id": "5ace076932bba1001ae499b6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society", "answer_start": 288}], "question": "How did Mikhail Gorbachev begin the era of stagnation?", "id": "5ace076932bba1001ae499b7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1964, Nikita Khrushchev was removed from his position of power and replaced with Leonid Brezhnev. Under his rule, the Russian SFSR and the rest of the Soviet Union went through an era of stagnation. Even after he died in 1982, the era didn\u2019t end until Mikhail Gorbachev took power and introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society."}], ["Pada 11 Oktober 1944, Republik Rakyat Tuvan menyertai SFSR Rusia sebagai Wilayah Autonomi Tuvan, pada tahun 1961 menjadi Republik Sosialis Soviet Autonomi. <> Apakah Republik Rakyat Tuvan dinamakan semula apabila ia menyertai RSFSR? || Tuvan Autonomous Oblast <> Pada tarikh apa Republik Rakyat Tuvan menyertai SFSR Rusia? || 11 Oktober 1944 <> Apa yang bekas Republik Rakyat Tuvan menjadi pada tahun 1961? || sebuah Republik Sosialis Soviet Otonom <> Apakah Republik Rakyat Tuvan dinamakan semula ketika keluar dari RSFSR? || <> Pada tarikh apa Republik Rakyat Tuvan meninggalkan SFSR Rusia? || <> Apakah bekas Republik Rakyat Tuvan pada tahun 1916? || <> Apa yang berlaku pada 11 Oktober 1941? || <> Apa yang tidak dinamakan semula kepada Tuvan Autonomous Oblast? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the Tuvan People's Republic renamed when it joined the RSFSR?", "id": "56e0a2f0231d4119001ac2fb", "answers": [{"text": "Tuvan Autonomous Oblast", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did the Tuvan People's Republic join the Russian SFSR?", "id": "56e0a2f0231d4119001ac2fc", "answers": [{"text": "October 11, 1944", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the former Tuvan People's Republic become in 1961?", "id": "56e0a2f0231d4119001ac2fd", "answers": [{"text": "an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tuvan People's Republic", "answer_start": 25}], "question": "What was the Tuvan People's Republic renamed when it exited the RSFSR?", "id": "5ace051a32bba1001ae49977", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "October 11, 1944", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "On what date did the Tuvan People's Republic leave the Russian SFSR?", "id": "5ace051a32bba1001ae49978", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic", "answer_start": 125}], "question": "What did the former Tuvan People's Republic become in 1916?", "id": "5ace051a32bba1001ae49979", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Tuvan People's Republic joined the Russian SFSR as the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "What happened on October 11, 1941?", "id": "5ace051a32bba1001ae4997a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tuvan People's Republic", "answer_start": 25}], "question": "What wasn't renamed to Tuvan Autonomous Oblast?", "id": "5ace051a32bba1001ae4997b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On October 11, 1944, the Tuvan People's Republic joined the Russian SFSR as the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast, in 1961 becoming an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic."}], ["Pada 17 April 1946, Wilayah Kaliningrad - bahagian utara bekas wilayah Jerman Timur Prussia-telah dilampirkan oleh Kesatuan Soviet dan menjadi sebahagian daripada SFSR Rusia. <> Pada tarikh apa yang dilampirkan oleh Kaliningrad Wilayah? || 17 April 1946 <> Wilayah Jerman apa yang Wilayah Kaliningrad menjadi sebahagian daripada? || Prussia Timur <> Apakah bahagian pentadbiran yang dilakukan Kaliningrad Wilayah menjadi sebahagian daripada? || SFSR Rusia <> Pada tarikh apakah perdagangan Kaliningrad Wilayah? || <> Pada tarikh apakah Kaliningrad Ozarks dilampirkan? || <> Apakah keadaan Jerman yang menjadi sebahagian daripada Kaliningrad Wilayah? || <> Wilayah Jerman apa yang Wilayah Kaliningrad berhenti menjadi sebahagian daripada? || <> Apakah bahagian pentadbiran yang dilakukan oleh Kaliningrad Oblast? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was Kaliningrad Oblast annexed?", "id": "56e0a41f7aa994140058e68b", "answers": [{"text": "April 17, 1946", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What province of Germany did Kaliningrad Oblast form a part of?", "id": "56e0a41f7aa994140058e68c", "answers": [{"text": "East Prussia", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What administrative division did Kaliningrad Oblast become a part of?", "id": "56e0a41f7aa994140058e68d", "answers": [{"text": "the Russian SFSR", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "April 17, 1946", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "On what date was Kaliningrad Oblast trade away?", "id": "5ace063c32bba1001ae49995", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "April 17, 1946", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "On what date was Kaliningrad Ozarks annexed?", "id": "5ace063c32bba1001ae49996", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "East Prussia", "answer_start": 98}], "question": "What state of Germany did Kaliningrad Oblast form a part of?", "id": "5ace063c32bba1001ae49997", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "East Prussia", "answer_start": 98}], "question": "What province of Germany did Kaliningrad Oblast cease to be a part of?", "id": "5ace063c32bba1001ae49998", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Russian SFSR", "answer_start": 160}], "question": "What administrative division did Kaliningrad Oblast leave?", "id": "5ace063c32bba1001ae49999", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On April 17, 1946, the Kaliningrad Oblast \u2014 the northern portion of the former German province of East Prussia\u2014was annexed by the Soviet Union and made part of the Russian SFSR."}], ["Pada akhir Perang Dunia II pasukan Soviet menduduki Pulau Sakhalin selatan dan Kepulauan Kuril, menjadikannya sebahagian daripada RSFSR. Status Kurils yang paling selatan masih bertentangan dengan Jepun. <> Bersama dengan Pulau Sakhalin, pulau apa yang diduduki oleh Soviet selepas Perang Dunia Kedua? || Kepulauan Kuril <> Apakah bahagian pentadbiran yang dilakukan oleh Pulau Sakhalin menjadi sebahagian daripada? || RSFSR <> Pemilikan pulau apa yang dipertikaikan dengan Jepun? || yang paling selatan Kuril <> Bersama dengan Pulau Sakhalin, pulau apa yang diduduki oleh Soviet selepas Perang Dunia Pertama? || <> Bersama dengan Pulau Sakhalin, pulau-pulau apa yang tidak diduduki oleh Soviet selepas Perang Dunia Kedua? || <> Apakah bahagian pentadbiran yang dilakukan oleh Pulau Sakhalin tidak menjadi sebahagian daripada? || <> Apakah bahagian ketenteraan yang dilakukan oleh Pulau Sakhalin menjadi sebahagian daripada? || <> Pemilikan pulau apa yang tidak dipertikaikan dengan Jepun? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Sakhalin Island, what islands were occupied by the Soviets after the Second World War?", "id": "56e0a3d47aa994140058e685", "answers": [{"text": "Kuril Islands", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What administrative division did Sakhalin Island become a part of?", "id": "56e0a3d47aa994140058e686", "answers": [{"text": "the RSFSR", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The ownership of what islands are disputed with Japan?", "id": "56e0a3d47aa994140058e687", "answers": [{"text": "the southernmost Kurils", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kuril Islands", "answer_start": 83}], "question": "Along with Sakhalin Island, what islands were occupied by the Soviets after the First World War?", "id": "5ace05dc32bba1001ae4998b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kuril Islands", "answer_start": 83}], "question": "Along with Sakhalin Island, what islands were not occupied by the Soviets after the Second World War?", "id": "5ace05dc32bba1001ae4998c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the RSFSR", "answer_start": 118}], "question": "What administrative division did Sakhalin Island not become a part of?", "id": "5ace05dc32bba1001ae4998d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the RSFSR", "answer_start": 118}], "question": "What military division did Sakhalin Island become a part of?", "id": "5ace05dc32bba1001ae4998e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the southernmost Kurils", "answer_start": 143}], "question": "The ownership of what islands are not disputed with Japan?", "id": "5ace05dc32bba1001ae4998f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "At the end of World War II Soviet troops occupied southern Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, making them part of the RSFSR. The status of the southernmost Kurils remains in dispute with Japan."}], ["Pada 12 Jun 1990, Kongres Timbalan Rakyat Republik menggantikan Deklarasi Kedaulatan Negara SFSR Rusia, yang merupakan permulaan \"Perang Undang-Undang\", melepaskan Kesatuan Soviet terhadap Persekutuan Rusia dan republik konstituen lain. <> Pada tarikh apakah Perisytiharan Kedaulatan Negeri SFSR Rusia diterima pakai? || 12 Jun 1990 <> Badan apa yang lulus Deklarasi Kedaulatan Negeri SFSR Rusia? || Kongres Timbalan Rakyat Republik <> Apa nama tempoh yang dirasmikan oleh laluan Deklarasi Kedaulatan Negara SFSR Rusia? || \"Perang Undang-undang\" <> Apa kerajaan Persekutuan Rusia yang berjuang dalam tempoh ini? || Soviet Union <> Pada tarikh apakah Deklarasi Kedaulatan Negara SFSR Rusia ditolak? || <> Badan apa yang menolak Deklarasi Kedaulatan Negeri SFSR Rusia? || <> Apakah nama tempoh yang berakhir dengan perletakan Deklarasi Kedaulatan Negeri SFSR Rusia? || <> Apa kerajaan Rusia yang berjuang bersama di sepanjang tempoh ini? || <> Apakah kerajaan Persekutuan Rusia tidak berperang dalam tempoh ini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR adopted?", "id": "56e0a5b6231d4119001ac323", "answers": [{"text": "June 12, 1990", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body passed the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR?", "id": "56e0a5b6231d4119001ac324", "answers": [{"text": "the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the period inaugurated by the passage of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR?", "id": "56e0a5b6231d4119001ac325", "answers": [{"text": "the \"War of Laws\"", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What government was the Russian Federation fighting against during this period?", "id": "56e0a5b6231d4119001ac326", "answers": [{"text": "the Soviet Union", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "June 12, 1990", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR rejected?", "id": "5ace07c332bba1001ae499bd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "What body rejected the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR?", "id": "5ace07c332bba1001ae499be", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "War of Laws", "answer_start": 166}], "question": "What was the name of the period ended by the passage of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR?", "id": "5ace07c332bba1001ae499bf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Soviet Union", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "What government was the Russian Federation fighting alongside during this period?", "id": "5ace07c332bba1001ae499c0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Soviet Union", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "What government was the Russian Federation not fighting against during this period?", "id": "5ace07c332bba1001ae499c1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR, which was the beginning of the \"War of Laws\", pitting the Soviet Union against the Russian Federation and other constituent republics."}], ["Pada 17 Mac 1991, referendum semua-Rusia mencipta jawatan Presiden RSFSR. Pada 12 Jun, Boris Yeltsin dipilih sebagai Presiden Rusia dengan undi popular. Semasa percubaan rampasan kuasa yang tidak berjaya pada 19-21 Ogos 1991 di Moscow, ibu negara Kesatuan Soviet dan Rusia, Presiden Rusia Yeltsin sangat menyokong Presiden Kesatuan Soviet, Mikhail Gorbachev. <> Pada tarikh apa jawatan presiden RSFSR dicipta? || 17 Mac 1991 <> Siapa yang menjadi Presiden pertama RSFSR? || Boris Yeltsin <> Siapa Presiden Kesatuan Soviet pada tahun 1991? || Mikhail Gorbachev <> Pada tarikh apakah pilihan raya pertama untuk Presiden RSFSR? || 12 Jun <> Semasa tempoh apa ada percubaan di Moscow? || 19-19 Ogos, 1991 <> Pada tarikh apa jawatan presiden RSFSR tidak dibuat? || <> Siapa yang bukan Presiden RSFSR yang pertama? || <> Siapa Presiden Kesatuan Soviet pada tahun 1919? || <> Pada tarikh apakah pilihan raya Presiden untuk RSFSR yang berlaku? || <> Semasa tempoh apa ada cubaan rampasan kuasa di Kiev? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the office of President of the RSFSR created?", "id": "56e0a622231d4119001ac32b", "answers": [{"text": "March 17, 1991", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first President of the RSFSR?", "id": "56e0a622231d4119001ac32c", "answers": [{"text": "Boris Yeltsin", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the President of the Soviet Union in 1991?", "id": "56e0a622231d4119001ac32d", "answers": [{"text": "Mikhail Gorbachev", "answer_start": 359}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did the first election for President of the RSFSR occur?", "id": "56e0a622231d4119001ac32e", "answers": [{"text": "June 12", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what period was there an attempted coup in Moscow?", "id": "56e0a622231d4119001ac32f", "answers": [{"text": "August 19\u201321, 1991", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "March 17, 1991", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "On what date was the office of President of the RSFSR not created?", "id": "5ace081c32bba1001ae499c7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Boris Yeltsin", "answer_start": 101}], "question": "Who wasn't the first President of the RSFSR?", "id": "5ace081c32bba1001ae499c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mikhail Gorbachev", "answer_start": 359}], "question": "Who was the President of the Soviet Union in 1919?", "id": "5ace081c32bba1001ae499c9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "June 12", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "On what date did the second election for President of the RSFSR occur?", "id": "5ace081c32bba1001ae499ca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "August 19\u201321, 1991", "answer_start": 203}], "question": "During what period was there an attempted coup in Kiev?", "id": "5ace081c32bba1001ae499cb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19\u201321, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly supported the President of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev."}], ["Pada 23 Ogos, selepas kegagalan GKChP, di hadapan Gorbachev, Yeltsin menandatangani satu dekri yang menggantung semua aktiviti oleh Parti Komunis SFSR Rusia di wilayah Rusia. Pada 6 November, beliau melangkah lebih jauh, melarang Parti Komunis di USSR dan RSFSR dari wilayah RSFSR. <> Pada tarikh apakah Parti Komunis Rusia SFSR digantung? || 23 Ogos <> Yang menandatangani dekri yang menggantung Parti Komunis SFSR Rusia? || Yeltsin <> Pada tarikh apakah Parti Komunis USSR dilarang beroperasi di RSFSR? || 6 November <> Selain dari Yeltsin, apa angka yang ketara hadir ketika menandatangani perintah 23 Ogos? || Gorbachev <> Pada tarikh apakah Parti Komunis Rusia SFSR ditegakkan? || <> Siapa yang tidak menandatangani dekri yang menggantung Parti Komunis SFSR Rusia? || <> Siapa yang menandatangani dekri itu menegakkan Parti Komunis SFSR Rusia? || <> Pada tarikh apakah Parti Sosialis USSR dilarang beroperasi di RSFSR? || <> Selain dari Yeltsin, apa angka yang ketara hadir ketika menandatangani perintah 3 Ogos? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR suspended?", "id": "56e0a6c4231d4119001ac335", "answers": [{"text": "August 23", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who signed the decree suspending the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR?", "id": "56e0a6c4231d4119001ac336", "answers": [{"text": "Yeltsin", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was the Communist Parties of the USSR banned from operating in the RSFSR?", "id": "56e0a6c4231d4119001ac337", "answers": [{"text": "November 6", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from Yeltsin, what notable figure was present at the signing of the August 23 decree?", "id": "56e0a6c4231d4119001ac338", "answers": [{"text": "Gorbachev", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "August 23", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "On what date was the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR upheld?", "id": "5ace08a732bba1001ae499d1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Yeltsin", "answer_start": 72}], "question": "Who didn't sign the decree suspending the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR?", "id": "5ace08a732bba1001ae499d2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Yeltsin", "answer_start": 72}], "question": "Who signed the decree upholding the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR?", "id": "5ace08a732bba1001ae499d3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "November 6", "answer_start": 194}], "question": "On what date was the Socialist Parties of the USSR banned from operating in the RSFSR?", "id": "5ace08a732bba1001ae499d4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Gorbachev", "answer_start": 61}], "question": "Aside from Yeltsin, what notable figure was present at the signing of the August 3 decree?", "id": "5ace08a732bba1001ae499d5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On August 23, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia. On November 6, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR."}], ["Pada 9 Januari 1957, Wilayah Autonomi Karachay dan Republik Sosialis Soviet Autonomi Chechen-Ingush dipulihkan oleh Khrushchev dan mereka dipindahkan dari SSR Georgia kembali ke SFSR Rusia. <> Bilakah Republik Sosialis Soviet Autonomi Chechen-Ingush dipindahkan dari SSR Georgia? || 9 Januari 1957 <> Wilayah apa yang dipindahkan bersama dengan Republik Sosialis Soviet Autonomi Chechen-Ingush? || Karachay Oblast Autonomous <> yang memindahkan Republik Sosialis Soviet yang Chechen-Ingush pada tahun 1957? || Khrushchev <> Untuk republik apa yang Wilayah Autonomi Karachay dipindahkan pada tahun 1957? || SFSR Rusia <> Apa republik yang mempunyai Wilayah Autonomi Karachay sebelum ini menjadi sebahagian daripada? || SSR Georgia <> Bilakah Republik Sosialis Soviet Otonomi Chechen-Ireland dipindahkan dari SSR Georgia? || <> Wilayah apa yang disimpan bersama dengan Republik Sosialis Soviet Autonomi Chechen-Ingush? || <> Siapa yang memindahkan Republik Sosialis Soviet Chechen-Ingush pada tahun 1975? || <> Kepada republik apa yang Wilayah Autonomi Karachay disimpan pada tahun 1957? || <> Apa republik yang mempunyai Wilayah Autonomi Karachay sebelum ini tidak pernah menjadi sebahagian daripada? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic transferred from the Georgian SSR?", "id": "56e0a4e7231d4119001ac30f", "answers": [{"text": "January 9, 1957", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What territory was transferred along with the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic?", "id": "56e0a4e7231d4119001ac310", "answers": [{"text": "Karachay Autonomous Oblast", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who transferred the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1957?", "id": "56e0a4e7231d4119001ac311", "answers": [{"text": "Khrushchev", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what republic was the Karachay Autonomous Oblast transferred in 1957?", "id": "56e0a4e7231d4119001ac312", "answers": [{"text": "the Russian SFSR", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What republic had the Karachay Autonomous Oblast previously been a part of?", "id": "56e0a4e7231d4119001ac313", "answers": [{"text": "the Georgian SSR", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "January 9, 1957", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When was the Chechen-Irish Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic transferred from the Georgian SSR?", "id": "5ace071932bba1001ae499a9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Karachay Autonomous Oblast", "answer_start": 20}], "question": "What territory was kept along with the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic?", "id": "5ace071932bba1001ae499aa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Khrushchev", "answer_start": 120}], "question": "Who transferred the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1975?", "id": "5ace071932bba1001ae499ab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Russian SFSR", "answer_start": 187}], "question": "To what republic was the Karachay Autonomous Oblast kept from in 1957?", "id": "5ace071932bba1001ae499ac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Georgian SSR", "answer_start": 166}], "question": "What republic had the Karachay Autonomous Oblast previously not been a part of?", "id": "5ace071932bba1001ae499ad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On January 9, 1957, Karachay Autonomous Oblast and Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic were restored by Khrushchev and they were transferred from the Georgian SSR back to the Russian SFSR."}], ["SFSR Rusia dikuasai oleh Parti Komunis Kesatuan Soviet, sehingga rampasan kuasa pada tahun 1991, yang menggugurkan Presiden Yeltsin untuk menggantung Parti Komunis Persekutuan Rusia Sosialis Federasi yang baru terbentuk. <> Apakah organisasi politik yang mengendalikan RSFSR sehingga tahun 1991? || Parti Komunis Kesatuan Soviet <> Peristiwa apa yang menyebabkan berakhirnya kawalan Parti Komunis Kesatuan Soviet di RSFSR? || abortive 1991 August rally <> Yang menggantungkan Parti Komunis Republik Soviet Sosialis Persekutuan? || Yeltsin <> Apa organisasi politik yang mengendalikan RSFSR sehingga tahun 1919? || <> Apa organisasi politik tidak mengawal RSFSR sehingga tahun 1991? || <> Peristiwa apa yang mendorong permulaan kawalan Parti Komunis Kesatuan Soviet di RSFSR? || <> Siapa yang tidak menggantung Parti Komunis Republik Soviet Sosialis Persekutuan? || <> Siapa yang menggantungkan Parti Sosialis Republik Sosialis Persekutuan Soviet Rusia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What political organization controlled the RSFSR up to 1991?", "id": "56e0a8ad231d4119001ac347", "answers": [{"text": "the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What event prompted the end to the control of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the RSFSR?", "id": "56e0a8ad231d4119001ac348", "answers": [{"text": "the abortive 1991 August coup", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who suspended the Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic?", "id": "56e0a8ad231d4119001ac349", "answers": [{"text": "Yeltsin", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "What political organization controlled the RSFSR up to 1919?", "id": "5ace0a6932bba1001ae499f9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "What political organization didn't control the RSFSR up to 1991?", "id": "5ace0a6932bba1001ae499fa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the abortive 1991 August coup", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "What event prompted the start of the control of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the RSFSR?", "id": "5ace0a6932bba1001ae499fb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "President Yeltsin", "answer_start": 128}], "question": "Who didn't suspend the Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic?", "id": "5ace0a6932bba1001ae499fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "President Yeltsin", "answer_start": 128}], "question": "Who suspended the Socialist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic?", "id": "5ace0a6932bba1001ae499fd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic."}], ["Kerajaan dikenali secara rasmi sebagai Majlis Komisaris Rakyat (1917-1946), Majlis Menteri-menteri (1946-1978) dan Majlis Menteri-Menteri (1978-1991). Kerajaan pertama diketuai oleh Vladimir Lenin sebagai \"Pengerusi Majlis Komisi Rakyat SFSR Rusia\" dan yang terakhir oleh Boris Yeltsin sebagai ketua pemerintah dan ketua negara di bawah gelaran \"Presiden\". <> Apakah kerajaan RSFSR dipanggil sehingga 1946? || Majlis Perbandaran Rakyat <> Apakah kerajaan RSFSR dipanggil bermula pada tahun 1946? || Majlis Menteri-menteri <> Apabila Soviet Union berakhir pada tahun 1991, apa yang dipanggil RSFSR? || Majlis Menteri-menteri-Kerajaan <> Yang mengetuai kerajaan pertama RSFSR? || Vladimir Lenin <> Yang mengetuai kerajaan akhir RSFSR? || Boris Yeltsin <> Apa kerajaan RSFSR dipanggil sehingga tahun 1964? || <> Apakah kerajaan RSFSR dipanggil bermula pada tahun 1964? || <> Ketika Uni Soviet memulakan tahun 1991, apa yang dipanggil RSFSR? || <> Siapa yang menolak kerajaan pertama RSFSR? || <> Siapa yang menolak kerajaan akhir RSFSR? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the government of the RSFSR called up to 1946?", "id": "56e0a85e7aa994140058e69b", "answers": [{"text": "the Council of People's Commissars", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the RSFSR government called starting in 1946?", "id": "56e0a85e7aa994140058e69c", "answers": [{"text": "Council of Ministers", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When the Soviet Union ended in 1991, what was the RSFSR government called?", "id": "56e0a85e7aa994140058e69d", "answers": [{"text": "Council of Ministers\u2013Government", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who led the first government of the RSFSR?", "id": "56e0a85e7aa994140058e69e", "answers": [{"text": "Vladimir Lenin", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who led the final government of the RSFSR?", "id": "56e0a85e7aa994140058e69f", "answers": [{"text": "Boris Yeltsin", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Council of People's Commissars", "answer_start": 43}], "question": "What was the government of the RSFSR called up to 1964?", "id": "5ace09cd32bba1001ae499ef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Council of Ministers", "answer_start": 87}], "question": "What was the RSFSR government called starting in 1964?", "id": "5ace09cd32bba1001ae499f0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Council of Ministers\u2013Government", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "When the Soviet Union started in 1991, what was the RSFSR government called?", "id": "5ace09cd32bba1001ae499f1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Vladimir Lenin", "answer_start": 204}], "question": "Who rejected the first government of the RSFSR?", "id": "5ace09cd32bba1001ae499f2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Boris Yeltsin", "answer_start": 307}], "question": "Who rejected the final government of the RSFSR?", "id": "5ace09cd32bba1001ae499f3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917\u20131946), Council of Ministers (1946\u20131978) and Council of Ministers\u2013Government (1978\u20131991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as \"Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR\" and the last by Boris Yeltsin as both head of government and head of state under the title \"President\"."}], ["Pada 24 Disember, Yeltsin memaklumkan kepada Setiausaha Agung Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu bahawa dengan persetujuan negara-negara anggota Persekutuan Rusia CIS akan menganggotai keanggotaan Uni Soviet dalam semua organ PBB (termasuk keanggotaan tetap dalam Majlis Keselamatan PBB). Oleh itu, Russia dianggap sebagai ahli asal PBB (sejak 24 Oktober 1945) bersama dengan Ukraine (SSR Ukraine) dan Belarus (SSR Byelorussian). Pada 25 Disember - hanya beberapa jam selepas Gorbachev meletak jawatan sebagai presiden Kesatuan Soviet-SFSR Rusia telah ditukar nama kepada Persekutuan Rusia (Rusia), mencerminkan bahawa ia kini merupakan sebuah negara berdaulat dengan Yeltsin menganggap Presiden. Perubahan itu pada asalnya diterbitkan pada 6 Januari 1992 (Rossiyskaya Gazeta). Mengikut undang-undang, pada tahun 1992, ia dibenarkan menggunakan nama lama RSFSR untuk urusan rasmi (bentuk, anjing laut dan setem). Perlembagaan Persekutuan Rusia (Undang-undang Asas) pada tahun 1978, walaupun dengan Pindaan 1991-1992, terus berlaku sehingga krisis perlembagaan Rusia 1993. <> Bilakah Persekutuan Rusia menganggotai keanggotaan Kesatuan Soviet di PBB? || 24 Disember <> Pada hari apakah Gorbachev menyerahkan jawatan presiden Soviet? || 25 Disember <> Apakah nama baru yang diberikan kepada SFSR Rusia selepas peletakan jawatan Gorbachev? || Persekutuan Rusia <> Siapa presiden pertama Persekutuan Rusia? || Yeltsin <> Dalam apa yang berkala adalah status kedaulatan baru Persekutuan Rusia yang pertama kali diterbitkan? || Rossiyskaya Gazeta <> Bilakah Persekutuan Rusia menolak keahlian Kesatuan Soviet di PBB? || <> Pada hari apakah Gorbachev menjaga presiden Kesatuan Soviet? || <> Apakah nama baru diberikan kepada SFSR Rusia selepas pembunuhan Gorbachev? || <> Siapa yang bukan presiden pertama Persekutuan Rusia? || <> Dalam apa yang berkala adalah status kedaulatan baru Persekutuan Rusia yang terakhir diterbitkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Russian Federation assume the Soviet Union's membership in the UN?", "id": "56e0a80a7aa994140058e691", "answers": [{"text": "December 24", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day did Gorbachev give up the presidency of the Soviet Union?", "id": "56e0a80a7aa994140058e692", "answers": [{"text": "December 25", "answer_start": 429}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the new name given to the Russian SFSR after the resignation of Gorbachev?", "id": "56e0a80a7aa994140058e693", "answers": [{"text": "the Russian Federation", "answer_start": 539}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first president of the Russian Federation?", "id": "56e0a80a7aa994140058e694", "answers": [{"text": "Yeltsin", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what periodical was the new sovereign status of the Russian Federation first published?", "id": "56e0a80a7aa994140058e695", "answers": [{"text": "Rossiyskaya Gazeta", "answer_start": 711}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December 24", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did the Russian Federation reject the Soviet Union's membership in the UN?", "id": "5ace097a32bba1001ae499e5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December 25", "answer_start": 429}], "question": "On what day did Gorbachev keep the presidency of the Soviet Union?", "id": "5ace097a32bba1001ae499e6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Russian Federation", "answer_start": 539}], "question": "What was the new name given to the Russian SFSR after the killing of Gorbachev?", "id": "5ace097a32bba1001ae499e7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Yeltsin", "answer_start": 622}], "question": "Who wasn't the first president of the Russian Federation?", "id": "5ace097a32bba1001ae499e8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Rossiyskaya Gazeta", "answer_start": 711}], "question": "In what periodical was the new sovereign status of the Russian Federation last published?", "id": "5ace097a32bba1001ae499e9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On December 24, Yeltsin informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that by agreement of the member states of the CIS Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including permanent membership in the UN Security Council). Thus, Russia is considered to be an original member of the UN (since October 24, 1945) along with Ukraine (Ukrainian SSR) and Belarus (Byelorussian SSR). On December 25\u2014just hours after Gorbachev resigned as president of the Soviet Union\u2014the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation (Russia), reflecting that it was now a sovereign state with Yeltsin assuming the Presidency. The change was originally published on January 6, 1992 (Rossiyskaya Gazeta). According to law, during 1992, it was allowed to use the old name of the RSFSR for official business (forms, seals and stamps). The Russian Federation's Constitution (Fundamental Law) of 1978, though with the 1991\u20131992 Amendements, remained in effect until the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis."}], ["Pada 8 Disember 1991, di Viskuli berhampiran Brest (Belarus), Presiden SFSR Rusia dan ketua-ketua SSR Byelorussian dan SSR Ukraine menandatangani \"Perjanjian Pembentukan Komanwel Negara-Negara Merdeka\" (dikenali di media sebagai Perjanjian Belavezha ). Dokumen itu, yang terdiri daripada sebuah mukadimah dan empat belas artikel, menyatakan bahawa Kesatuan Soviet tidak lagi wujud sebagai subjek undang-undang antarabangsa dan realiti geopolitik. Walau bagaimanapun, berdasarkan kepada masyarakat bersejarah, hubungan di antara mereka, memandangkan perjanjian dua hala, keinginan untuk undang-undang demokratik undang-undang, niat untuk membangunkan hubungan mereka berdasarkan pengiktirafan bersama dan menghormati kedaulatan negara, pihak-pihak yang sepakat untuk pembentukan daripada Komanwel Negara-Negara Bebas. Pada 12 Disember, perjanjian itu telah disahkan oleh Soviet Soviet SFSR Rusia oleh majoriti besar: 188 undi untuk, 6 terhadap, 7 abstentions. Pada hari yang sama, Soviet Tertinggi Rusia SFSR mengecam Perjanjian mengenai Penciptaan USSR dan menarik balik semua timbalan Rusia dari Soviet Union Soviet Union. Kesahihan akta ini adalah subjek perbincangan kerana, menurut Undang-Undang Dasar 1978 (Undang-Undang Dasar) SFSR Rusia, Soviet Rusia tidak mempunyai hak untuk melakukannya. Walau bagaimanapun, pada masa ini kerajaan Soviet telah diberikan lebih kurang berkuasa, dan tidak mempunyai kedudukan untuk membantah. Walaupun undi 12 Disember kadangkala diperhitungkan sebagai saat RSFSR melepaskan diri dari runtuhnya Uni Soviet, ini tidak berlaku. Nampaknya RSFSR mengambil garis bahawa tidak mungkin untuk menghindari dari entiti yang tidak lagi wujud. <> Di negara mana yang terletak di Viskuli? || Belarus <> Pada tarikh apakah Perjanjian ditandatangani oleh Persemakmuran Negara-Negara Bebas? || 8 Disember 1991 <> Apakah nama lain bagi Perjanjian mengenai Penubuhan Komanwel Negara-Negara Bebas? || Perjanjian Belavezha <> Badan apa yang mengesahkan Perjanjian Belavezha pada 12 Disember? || Soviet Tertinggi Rusia SFSR <> Perjanjian Belavezha terdiri daripada berapa artikel? || empat belas <> Di negara apa yang Viskuli tidak terletak? || <> Pada tarikh apakah Perjanjian mengenai Penubuhan Komanwel Negara-Negara Merdeka ditolak? || <> Apa nama lain untuk Perjanjian mengenai Penubuhan Komanwel Negara-negara Merdeka? || <> Badan apa yang mengesahkan Perjanjian Belavezha pada 21 Disember? || <> Badan apa yang menolak Perjanjian Belavezha pada 12 Disember? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what country is Viskuli located?", "id": "56e0a753231d4119001ac33d", "answers": [{"text": "Belarus", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States signed?", "id": "56e0a753231d4119001ac33e", "answers": [{"text": "December 8, 1991", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States?", "id": "56e0a753231d4119001ac33f", "answers": [{"text": "Belavezha Accords", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body ratified the Belavezha Accords on December 12?", "id": "56e0a753231d4119001ac340", "answers": [{"text": "the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR", "answer_start": 811}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Belavezha Accords consisted of how many articles?", "id": "56e0a753231d4119001ac341", "answers": [{"text": "fourteen", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Belarus", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "In what country is Viskuli not located?", "id": "5ace090a32bba1001ae499db", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December 8, 1991", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "On what date was the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States rejected?", "id": "5ace090a32bba1001ae499dc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Belavezha Accords", "answer_start": 245}], "question": "What isn't another name for the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States?", "id": "5ace090a32bba1001ae499dd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR", "answer_start": 811}], "question": "What body ratified the Belavezha Accords on December 21?", "id": "5ace090a32bba1001ae499de", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR", "answer_start": 811}], "question": "What body rejected the Belavezha Accords on December 12?", "id": "5ace090a32bba1001ae499df", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the \"Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States\" (known in media as Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteen articles, stated that the Soviet Union ceased to exist as a subject of international law and geopolitical reality. However, based on the historical community of peoples, relations between them, given the bilateral treaties, the desire for a democratic rule of law, the intention to develop their relations based on mutual recognition and respect for state sovereignty, the parties agreed to the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR by an overwhelming majority: 188 votes for, 6 against, 7 abstentions. On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and recalled all Russian deputies from the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The legality of this act is the subject of discussions because, according to the 1978 Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian SFSR, the Russian Supreme Soviet had no right to do so. However, by this time the Soviet government had been rendered more or less impotent, and was in no position to object. Although the December 12 vote is sometimes reckoned as the moment that the RSFSR seceded from the collapsing Soviet Union, this is not the case. It appears that the RSFSR took the line that it was not possible to secede from an entity that no longer existed."}]], [["Alexander Graham Bell (3 Mac 1847 - 2 Ogos 1922) adalah seorang saintis, pencipta, jurutera dan inovator kelahiran Scotland [N 3] yang dikreditkan dengan paten pertama telefon praktikal. <> Apakah Bell paling terkenal untuk dicipta? || telefon <> Tahun berapa Bell mati? || 1922 <> Apa yang istimewa mengenai telefonnya? || praktikal <> Apa itu nama penuh Bell? || Alexander Graham Bell <> Apakah Bell terkenal dengan penciptaan? || telefon", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Bell most famous for inventing?", "id": "56df75d15ca0a614008f9a9a", "answers": [{"text": "telephone", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Bell die?", "id": "56df75d15ca0a614008f9a9b", "answers": [{"text": "1922", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was special about his telephone?", "id": "56df75d15ca0a614008f9a9c", "answers": [{"text": "practical", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Bell's full name?", "id": "56df75d15ca0a614008f9a9d", "answers": [{"text": "Alexander Graham Bell", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Bell famous for inventing?", "id": "56df764f5ca0a614008f9aae", "answers": [{"text": "telephone", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 \u2013 August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born[N 3] scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone."}], ["Banyak ciptaan lain menandakan kehidupan kemudian Bell, termasuk karya terobosan dalam telekomunikasi optik, hidrofoil dan aeronautik. Walaupun Bell bukanlah salah satu daripada 33 pengasas National Geographic Society, beliau mempunyai pengaruh yang kuat pada majalah itu ketika berkhidmat sebagai presiden kedua dari 7 Januari 1898 hingga 1903. Berapa banyak orang yang memulakan National Geographic Society? || 33 <> Bell adalah presiden kedua majalah apa? || National Geographic Society <> Bidang apa Bell kemudiannya berfungsi, selain daripada telekomunikasi optik dan aeronautik? || hidrofoil <> Tahun berapa Bell menjadi Presiden majalah National Geographic? || 1898", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people started the National Geographic Society?", "id": "56df778a5ca0a614008f9adb", "answers": [{"text": "33", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bell was the second president of what magazine?", "id": "56df778a5ca0a614008f9adc", "answers": [{"text": "National Geographic Society", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What field did Bell later work in, apart from optical telecommunications and aeronautics?", "id": "56df778a5ca0a614008f9ade", "answers": [{"text": "hydrofoils", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Bell become President of the National Geographic magazine?", "id": "56df778a5ca0a614008f9adf", "answers": [{"text": "1898", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils and aeronautics. Although Bell was not one of the 33 founders of the National Geographic Society, he had a strong influence on the magazine while serving as the second president from January 7, 1898 until 1903."}], ["Bapak, datuk, dan saudara lelaki Bell semuanya telah dikaitkan dengan kerja-kerja penyingkiran dan ucapan, dan kedua-dua ibu dan isterinya tuli, sangat mempengaruhi kerja kehidupan Bell. Penyelidikannya mengenai pendengaran dan ucapan seterusnya membawa beliau untuk bereksperimen dengan alat pendengaran yang akhirnya memuncak di Bell yang dianugerahkan paten AS pertama untuk telefon itu pada tahun 1876. [N 4] Bell menganggap ciptaannya yang paling terkenal sebagai pencerobohan terhadap karya sebenarnya sebagai seorang saintis dan enggan mempunyai telefon dalam kajiannya. [N 5] <> Apa saudara-saudara beliau yang dikenali untuk bekerja? || eloksi dan ucapan <> Apa yang menarik tentang ibunya dan isteri? || pekak <> Tahun berapa Bell mendapat paten untuk telefonnya? || 1876 <> Di negara apa Bell paten telefonnya? || A.S. <> Apa yang Bell tidak pernah dimasukkan dalam kajiannya? || telefon", {"qas": [{"question": "What were his relatives known for working on?", "id": "56df76c85ca0a614008f9ac3", "answers": [{"text": "elocution and speech", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was interesting about his mother and wife?", "id": "56df76c85ca0a614008f9ac4", "answers": [{"text": "deaf", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Bell get the patent for his telephone?", "id": "56df76c85ca0a614008f9ac5", "answers": [{"text": "1876", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what country did Bell patent his telephone?", "id": "56df76c85ca0a614008f9ac6", "answers": [{"text": "U.S.", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Bell never put in his study?", "id": "56df76c85ca0a614008f9ac7", "answers": [{"text": "telephone", "answer_start": 348}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876.[N 4] Bell considered his most famous invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study.[N 5]"}], ["Tertarik dengan hasil automaton, Bell terus bereksperimen dengan subjek secara langsung, keluarga Skye Terrier, \"Trouve\". Selepas dia mengajarnya untuk terus bertumbuk, Bell akan merapatkan mulutnya dan memanipulasi bibir anjing dan tali vokal untuk menghasilkan bunyi \"Ow ah oo ga ma ma\". Dengan sedikit meyakinkan, pelawat percaya anjingnya boleh mengucapkan \"Bagaimana nenek anda?\" Lebih menunjukkan sifatnya yang suka bermain, eksperimennya meyakinkan penonton bahawa mereka melihat \"anjing bercakap\". Walau bagaimanapun, inilah awal ini menjadi eksperimen dengan bunyi yang diketuai Bell untuk melakukan kerja pertama yang pertama pada penghantaran bunyi, menggunakan garpu tuning untuk meneroka resonans. <> Apakah benda hidup yang digunakan Bell dalam penyelidikannya? || Skye Terrier <> Apakah nama haiwan kesayangan Bell? || Trouve <> Frasa apa yang orang percaya anjing Bell boleh katakan? || Bagaimana nenek anda? <> Bell menyelidik resonans menggunakan apa? || menanti garpu <> Apa yang Bell mengarahkan anjingnya lakukan? || geram terus menerus", {"qas": [{"question": "What living thing did Bell use in his research?", "id": "56df7fea56340a1900b29c58", "answers": [{"text": "Skye Terrier", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Bell's pet's name?", "id": "56df7fea56340a1900b29c59", "answers": [{"text": "Trouve", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What phrase did people believe Bell's dog could say?", "id": "56df7fea56340a1900b29c5a", "answers": [{"text": "How are you grandma?", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bell investigated resonance using what?", "id": "56df7fea56340a1900b29c5b", "answers": [{"text": "tuning forks", "answer_start": 638}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Bell  instruct his dog to do?", "id": "56df7fea56340a1900b29c5c", "answers": [{"text": "growl continuously", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Intrigued by the results of the automaton, Bell continued to experiment with a live subject, the family's Skye Terrier, \"Trouve\". After he taught it to growl continuously, Bell would reach into its mouth and manipulate the dog's lips and vocal cords to produce a crude-sounding \"Ow ah oo ga ma ma\". With little convincing, visitors believed his dog could articulate \"How are you grandma?\" More indicative of his playful nature, his experiments convinced onlookers that they saw a \"talking dog\". However, these initial forays into experimentation with sound led Bell to undertake his first serious work on the transmission of sound, using tuning forks to explore resonance."}], ["Sebagai seorang kanak-kanak, Bell muda menunjukkan rasa ingin tahu yang semulajadi tentang dunianya, mengakibatkan mengumpulkan spesimen botani serta bereksperimen walaupun pada usia muda. Sahabat baiknya ialah Ben Herdman, jiran yang keluarganya mengendalikan kilang tepung, tempat penampakan banyak. Young Bell bertanya apa yang perlu dilakukan di kilang. Beliau diberitahu bahawa gandum perlu dikeringkan melalui proses yang sukar dan pada usia 12 tahun, Bell membina alat buatan sendiri yang menggabungkan berputar berputar dengan set sikat kuku, mencipta mesin dehusking mudah yang telah digunakan dan digunakan dengan mantap untuk nombor tahun. Sebagai balasannya, John Herdman memberikan kedua-dua lelaki itu satu bengkel kecil untuk \"mencipta\". <> Apa jenis perkara yang dilakukan Bell sebagai kanak-kanak? || spesimen botani <> Siapa teman terdekat Bell ketika masih kecil? || Ben Herdman <> Apakah kilang apa yang dilakukan oleh jiran Bell? || tepung <> mesin dehusking Bell menggabungkan apa dengan sikat kuku? || berputar paddle <> Apakah ganjaran Bell untuk mesin dehuskingnya? || bengkel kecil", {"qas": [{"question": "What sort of things did Bell collect as a child?", "id": "56df7d005ca0a614008f9b1b", "answers": [{"text": "botanical specimens", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Bell's closest friend as a child?", "id": "56df7d005ca0a614008f9b1c", "answers": [{"text": "Ben Herdman", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of mill did Bell's neighbors run?", "id": "56df7d005ca0a614008f9b1d", "answers": [{"text": "flour", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bell's dehusking machine combined what with nail brushes?", "id": "56df7d005ca0a614008f9b1e", "answers": [{"text": "rotating paddles", "answer_start": 449}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Bell's reward for his dehusking machine?", "id": "56df7d005ca0a614008f9b1f", "answers": [{"text": "small workshop", "answer_start": 650}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As a child, young Bell displayed a natural curiosity about his world, resulting in gathering botanical specimens as well as experimenting even at an early age. His best friend was Ben Herdman, a neighbor whose family operated a flour mill, the scene of many forays. Young Bell asked what needed to be done at the mill. He was told wheat had to be dehusked through a laborious process and at the age of 12, Bell built a homemade device that combined rotating paddles with sets of nail brushes, creating a simple dehusking machine that was put into operation and used steadily for a number of years. In return, John Herdman gave both boys the run of a small workshop in which to \"invent\"."}], ["Sejak awal, Bell menunjukkan sifat sensitif dan bakat seni, puisi, dan muzik yang digalakkan oleh ibunya. Tanpa latihan formal, dia menguasai piano dan menjadi pianis keluarga. Walaupun selalunya tenang dan introspektif, dia suka meniru dan \"trik suara\" yang sama dengan ventriloquism yang sentiasa dikunjungi tetamu keluarga semasa lawatan mereka sekali-sekala. Bell juga sangat terjejas oleh ketulenan ibu bapanya, (dia mula kehilangan pendengarannya ketika dia berusia 12 tahun) dan belajar bahasa jari tangan supaya dia boleh duduk di sebelahnya dan keluar dengan senyap perbualan yang berputar di sekitar ruang keluarga. Dia juga mengembangkan teknik bercakap dalam nada yang jelas dan termodulat terus ke dahi ibunya di mana dia akan mendengarnya dengan kejelasan yang munasabah. Keasyikan Bell dengan ketulian ibunya membawa beliau untuk belajar akustik. <> Bell berbakat pada seni, puisi, dan apa? || muzik <> Apa Bell berjaya tanpa diajar? || piano <> Berapa umur Bell ketika ibunya mula pergi pekak? || 12 <> Apa bahagian kepala ibunya yang akan Bell bercakap? || dahi <> Apa penyelidikan Bell kerana pekak ibunya? || akustik", {"qas": [{"question": "Bell was gifted at art, poetry, and what?", "id": "56df7da25ca0a614008f9b2d", "answers": [{"text": "music", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Bell succeed at without being taught?", "id": "56df7da25ca0a614008f9b2e", "answers": [{"text": "piano", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old was Bell when his mom started to go deaf?", "id": "56df7da25ca0a614008f9b2f", "answers": [{"text": "12", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of his mom's head would Bell talk into?", "id": "56df7da25ca0a614008f9b30", "answers": [{"text": "forehead", "answer_start": 740}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Bell research because of his mom's deafness?", "id": "56df7da25ca0a614008f9b31", "answers": [{"text": "acoustics", "answer_start": 866}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From his early years, Bell showed a sensitive nature and a talent for art, poetry, and music that was encouraged by his mother. With no formal training, he mastered the piano and became the family's pianist. Despite being normally quiet and introspective, he reveled in mimicry and \"voice tricks\" akin to ventriloquism that continually entertained family guests during their occasional visits. Bell was also deeply affected by his mother's gradual deafness, (she began to lose her hearing when he was 12) and learned a manual finger language so he could sit at her side and tap out silently the conversations swirling around the family parlour. He also developed a technique of speaking in clear, modulated tones directly into his mother's forehead wherein she would hear him with reasonable clarity. Bell's preoccupation with his mother's deafness led him to study acoustics."}], ["Keluarganya telah lama dikaitkan dengan pengajaran elocution: datuknya, Alexander Bell, di London, pamannya di Dublin, dan ayahnya, di Edinburgh, adalah semua elocutionists. Bapanya menerbitkan pelbagai karya mengenai subjek ini, yang sebahagiannya masih terkenal, khususnya The Standard Elocutionist (1860), yang muncul di Edinburgh pada tahun 1868. The Elocutionist Standard muncul dalam 168 edisi British dan dijual lebih daripada satu perempat daripada juta salinan di Amerika Syarikat sahaja. Dalam risalah ini, bapanya menerangkan kaedahnya bagaimana mengarahkan pekak-pekak (seperti yang mereka ketahui) untuk mengartikulasikan kata-kata dan membaca pergerakan bibir orang lain untuk mentakrifkan makna. Bapa Bell mengajarnya dan saudara-saudaranya bukan sahaja untuk menulis Ucapan Terlihat tetapi untuk mengenal pasti simbol dan bunyi yang menyertainya. Bell menjadi begitu mahir sehingga dia menjadi sebahagian daripada demonstrasi awam ayahnya dan peminat yang mengejutkan dengan kebolehannya. Dia boleh mentakrifkan Ucapan Terlihat yang mewakili hampir setiap bahasa, termasuk bahasa Latin, Gaelik Skotlandia, dan juga bahasa Sanskrit, secara tepat membaca saluran bertulis tanpa pengetahuan terlebih dahulu tentang sebutan mereka. <> Di manakah paman Bell hidup? || Dublin <> Apakah bapa Bell paling terkenal dengan penerbitan? || Elocutionist Standard <> Bell belajar untuk membaca dengan tepat bibir tanpa mengetahui apa? || sebutan <> The Standard Elocutionist dicetak berapa kali? || 168", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did Bell's uncle live?", "id": "56df7e4f5ca0a614008f9b37", "answers": [{"text": "Dublin", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Bell's father most famous for publishing?", "id": "56df7e4f5ca0a614008f9b38", "answers": [{"text": "The Standard Elocutionist", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bell learned to accurately read lips even without knowing what?", "id": "56df7e4f5ca0a614008f9b3a", "answers": [{"text": "pronunciation", "answer_start": 1136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Standard Elocutionist was printed how many times?", "id": "56df7e4f5ca0a614008f9b3b", "answers": [{"text": "168", "answer_start": 401}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "His family was long associated with the teaching of elocution: his grandfather, Alexander Bell, in London, his uncle in Dublin, and his father, in Edinburgh, were all elocutionists. His father published a variety of works on the subject, several of which are still well known, especially his The Standard Elocutionist (1860), which appeared in Edinburgh in 1868. The Standard Elocutionist appeared in 168 British editions and sold over a quarter of a million copies in the United States alone. In this treatise, his father explains his methods of how to instruct deaf-mutes (as they were then known) to articulate words and read other people's lip movements to decipher meaning. Bell's father taught him and his brothers not only to write Visible Speech but to identify any symbol and its accompanying sound. Bell became so proficient that he became a part of his father's public demonstrations and astounded audiences with his abilities. He could decipher Visible Speech representing virtually every language, including Latin, Scottish Gaelic, and even Sanskrit, accurately reciting written tracts without any prior knowledge of their pronunciation."}], ["Alexander Bell dilahirkan di Edinburgh, Scotland, pada 3 Mac 1847. Rumah keluarga berada di 16 Jalan Charlotte Selatan, dan mempunyai batu tulis yang menandakan ia sebagai tempat kelahiran Alexander Graham Bell. Beliau mempunyai dua saudara lelaki: Melville James Bell (1845-70) dan Edward Charles Bell (1848-67), kedua-duanya akan mati akibat tuberkulosis. Ayahnya ialah Profesor Alexander Melville Bell, seorang ahli fonetik, dan ibunya adalah Eliza Grace (n\u00e9e Symonds). Pada usia 10 tahun dia dilahirkan sebagai \"Alexander Bell\", pada usia 10 tahun, dia membuat pengakuan kepada bapaknya untuk mempunyai nama tengah seperti kedua saudaranya. [N 6] Untuk ulang tahun ke-11, ayahnya mengaku dan membenarkan dia mengangkat nama \"Graham\" , dipilih kerana menghormati Alexander Graham, seorang Kanada yang dilayan oleh ayahnya yang telah menjadi sahabat keluarga. Untuk menutup saudara-mara dan kawan-kawan dia tetap \"Aleck\". <> Apa kota Bell dilahirkan? || Edinburgh <> Apa yang penting menandakan rumah keluarga Bells sebagai tempat kelahirannya? || batu <> Apa penyakit yang menyebabkan kedua saudaranya mati? || batuk kering <> Pada umur berapa Bell meminta nama pertengahan? || 10 <> Apa yang dekat dengannya memanggil Bell? || Aleck", {"qas": [{"question": "What city was Bell born in?", "id": "56df781c5ca0a614008f9aef", "answers": [{"text": "Edinburgh", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What material marks Bells family  home as his birthplace?", "id": "56df781c5ca0a614008f9af0", "answers": [{"text": "stone", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What disease did his two brothers die of?", "id": "56df781c5ca0a614008f9af1", "answers": [{"text": "tuberculosis", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what age did Bell ask for a middle name?", "id": "56df781c5ca0a614008f9af2", "answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 469}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did those close to him call Bell?", "id": "56df781c5ca0a614008f9af3", "answers": [{"text": "Aleck", "answer_start": 799}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Alexander Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on March 3, 1847. The family home was at 16 South Charlotte Street, and has a stone inscription marking it as Alexander Graham Bell's birthplace. He had two brothers: Melville James Bell (1845\u201370) and Edward Charles Bell (1848\u201367), both of whom would die of tuberculosis. His father was Professor Alexander Melville Bell, a phonetician, and his mother was Eliza Grace (n\u00e9e Symonds). Born as just \"Alexander Bell\", at age 10 he made a plea to his father to have a middle name like his two brothers.[N 6] For his 11th birthday, his father acquiesced and allowed him to adopt the name \"Graham\", chosen out of respect for Alexander Graham, a Canadian being treated by his father who had become a family friend. To close relatives and friends he remained \"Aleck\"."}], ["Bapanya menggalakkan minat Bell dalam ucapannya dan, pada tahun 1863, mengambil anaknya untuk melihat sebuah robot yang unik, yang dibangunkan oleh Sir Charles Wheatstone berdasarkan kerja awal Baron Wolfgang von Kempelen. The \"mekanikal lelaki\" asas meniru suara manusia. Bell terpesona oleh mesin itu dan setelah mendapat salinan buku von Kempelen, yang diterbitkan dalam bahasa Jerman, dan telah diterjemahkan dengan hormat, dia dan kakaknya Melville membina kepala automaton mereka sendiri. Ayah mereka, sangat berminat dalam projek mereka, menawarkan untuk membayar sebarang bekalan dan mendorong anak-anak lelaki itu dengan penantian \"hadiah besar\" jika mereka berjaya. Semasa saudaranya membina tekak dan laring, Bell menangani tugas yang lebih sukar untuk mencipta tengkorak yang realistik. Upaya beliau menghasilkan kepala yang sangat hidup yang boleh \"bercakap\", walaupun hanya beberapa perkataan. Anak-anak lelaki itu dengan teliti akan menyesuaikan \"bibir\" dan ketika buaian memaksa udara melalui tenggorokan angin, yang sangat dikenali \"Mama\" berlaku, untuk menyenangkan jiran-jiran yang datang untuk melihat ciptaan Bell. <> Dalam tahun apakah bapa Bell membawanya melihat sebuah automaton? || 1863 <> Siapa yang membuat automaton melihat Bell? || Sir Charles Wheatstone <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh automaton? || suara manusia <> Bell membina automaton sendiri dengan siapa? || Melville <> Apa bahagian robot yang dibuat oleh Bell? || tengkorak", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Bell's father take him to see an automaton?", "id": "56df7f5a56340a1900b29c4a", "answers": [{"text": "1863", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created the automaton Bell saw?", "id": "56df7f5a56340a1900b29c4b", "answers": [{"text": "Sir Charles Wheatstone", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the automaton mimic?", "id": "56df7f5a56340a1900b29c4c", "answers": [{"text": "human voice", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bell built his own automaton with who?", "id": "56df7f5a56340a1900b29c4d", "answers": [{"text": "Melville", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of the automaton did Bell create?", "id": "56df7f5a56340a1900b29c4e", "answers": [{"text": "skull", "answer_start": 749}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "His father encouraged Bell's interest in speech and, in 1863, took his sons to see a unique automaton, developed by Sir Charles Wheatstone based on the earlier work of Baron Wolfgang von Kempelen. The rudimentary \"mechanical man\" simulated a human voice. Bell was fascinated by the machine and after he obtained a copy of von Kempelen's book, published in German, and had laboriously translated it, he and his older brother Melville built their own automaton head. Their father, highly interested in their project, offered to pay for any supplies and spurred the boys on with the enticement of a \"big prize\" if they were successful. While his brother constructed the throat and larynx, Bell tackled the more difficult task of recreating a realistic skull. His efforts resulted in a remarkably lifelike head that could \"speak\", albeit only a few words. The boys would carefully adjust the \"lips\" and when a bellows forced air through the windpipe, a very recognizable \"Mama\" ensued, to the delight of neighbors who came to see the Bell invention."}], ["Sebagai seorang anak muda, Bell, seperti saudara-saudaranya, menerima pendidikan awal di rumah dari bapanya. Pada usia yang muda, bagaimanapun, beliau telah mendaftar di Royal High School, Edinburgh, Scotland, yang dia tinggalkan pada usia 15 tahun, menyelesaikan hanya empat bentuk pertama. Rekod sekolahnya tidak diketahui, ditandai dengan ketidakhadiran dan gred kurang. Kepentingan utamanya kekal dalam bidang sains, terutamanya biologi, ketika dia merawat subjek sekolah lain dengan sikap acuh tak acuh, dengan kecewa terhadap ayahnya yang menuntut. Setelah meninggalkan sekolah, Bell pergi ke London untuk tinggal bersama datuknya, Alexander Bell. Sepanjang tahun dia menghabiskan masa bersama datuknya, cinta pembelajaran dilahirkan, dengan masa yang lama dibelanjakan dalam perbincangan dan kajian yang serius. Bell tua telah berusaha keras untuk membimbing muridnya belajar bercakap dengan jelas dan dengan keyakinan, sifat yang muridnya perlu menjadi seorang guru sendiri. Pada usia 16, Bell mendapat kedudukan sebagai \"murid-guru\" penyingkiran dan muzik, di Weston House Academy, di Elgin, Moray, Scotland. Walaupun dia mendaftar sebagai pelajar Latin dan Greek, dia mengarahkan kelas sendiri sebagai balasan untuk lembaga dan \u00a3 10 setiap sesi. Pada tahun berikutnya, beliau menghadiri Universiti Edinburgh; menyertai kakaknya Melville yang telah mendaftar di sana pada tahun sebelumnya. Pada tahun 1868, tidak lama sebelum dia berlepas ke Kanada bersama keluarganya, Bell menyelesaikan peperiksaan matrikulasi dan diterima untuk masuk ke University of London. <> Siapa mengajar Bell ketika dia masih muda? || bapa <> Sekolah apakah Bell meninggalkan pada 15? || Sekolah Menengah Kerajaan <> Apa itu mata pelajaran kegemaran Bell? || biologi <> Berapa lama Bell ketika dia menjadi \"murid-murid\"? || 16", {"qas": [{"question": "Who taught Bell when he was very young?", "id": "56df7edb5ca0a614008f9b4b", "answers": [{"text": "father", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What school did Bell leave at 15?", "id": "56df7edb5ca0a614008f9b4c", "answers": [{"text": "Royal High School", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Bell's favorite subject?", "id": "56df7edb5ca0a614008f9b4e", "answers": [{"text": "biology", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old was Bell when he became a \"pupil-teacher\"?", "id": "56df7edb5ca0a614008f9b4f", "answers": [{"text": "16", "answer_start": 896}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As a young child, Bell, like his brothers, received his early schooling at home from his father. At an early age, however, he was enrolled at the Royal High School, Edinburgh, Scotland, which he left at age 15, completing only the first four forms. His school record was undistinguished, marked by absenteeism and lacklustre grades. His main interest remained in the sciences, especially biology, while he treated other school subjects with indifference, to the dismay of his demanding father. Upon leaving school, Bell travelled to London to live with his grandfather, Alexander Bell. During the year he spent with his grandfather, a love of learning was born, with long hours spent in serious discussion and study. The elder Bell took great efforts to have his young pupil learn to speak clearly and with conviction, the attributes that his pupil would need to become a teacher himself. At age 16, Bell secured a position as a \"pupil-teacher\" of elocution and music, in Weston House Academy, at Elgin, Moray, Scotland. Although he was enrolled as a student in Latin and Greek, he instructed classes himself in return for board and \u00a310 per session. The following year, he attended the University of Edinburgh; joining his older brother Melville who had enrolled there the previous year. In 1868, not long before he departed for Canada with his family, Bell completed his matriculation exams and was accepted for admission to the University of London."}], ["[Kembali ke rumah ke Brantford selepas enam bulan di luar negara, Bell meneruskan eksperimennya dengan \"telegraf harmoniknya\". [N 12] Konsep asas di belakang perantinya adalah bahawa mesej boleh dihantar melalui wayar tunggal jika setiap mesej dihantar di padang yang berbeza, tetapi kerja di kedua-dua pemancar dan penerima diperlukan. <> Berapa banyak wayar Bell menghantar isyarat melalui? || 1 <> Untuk sistemnya untuk berfungsi, Bell terpaksa menukar apa dengan setiap kod? || pitch <> Bell diperlukan untuk memperbaiki pemancar dan apa? || penerima <> Di manakah rumah Bell? || Brantford", {"qas": [{"question": "How many wires did Bell send a signal through?", "id": "56df85525ca0a614008f9bfe", "answers": [{"text": "1", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For  his system to work, Bell had to change what about each code?", "id": "56df85525ca0a614008f9bff", "answers": [{"text": "pitch", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bell needed to fix both the transmitter and what?", "id": "56df85525ca0a614008f9c00", "answers": [{"text": "receiver", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Bell's home?", "id": "56df85525ca0a614008f9c01", "answers": [{"text": "Brantford", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Returning home to Brantford after six months abroad, Bell continued his experiments with his \"harmonic telegraph\".[N 12] The basic concept behind his device was that messages could be sent through a single wire if each message was transmitted at a different pitch, but work on both the transmitter and receiver was needed."}], ["Selepas menubuhkan bengkelnya, Bell meneruskan eksperimen berdasarkan kerja Helmholtz dengan tenaga elektrik dan bunyi. Dia juga mengubah suai melodon (sejenis organ pam) supaya ia boleh memancarkan muziknya secara elektrik dari jauh. Setelah keluarganya diselesaikan, kedua-dua Bell dan bapanya bercadang untuk membuat latihan mengajar dan pada tahun 1871, dia mengiringi bapanya ke Montreal, di mana Melville ditawarkan kedudukan untuk mengajar Sistem Ucapan Terlihatnya. <> Apakah Bell rework menghantar muzik? || melodeon <> Apakah melodonon sejenis? || organ pam <> Bilakah Bell pergi ke Montreal? || 1871 <> Siapa yang pergi dengan Bell ke Montreal? || bapa <> Bagaimanakah Bell melancarkan ulang meledon menghantar muzik? || elektrik", {"qas": [{"question": "What did Bell rework to send music?", "id": "56df83c756340a1900b29cba", "answers": [{"text": "melodeon", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a melodeon a kind of?", "id": "56df83c756340a1900b29cbb", "answers": [{"text": "pump organ", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Bell go to Montreal?", "id": "56df83c756340a1900b29cbc", "answers": [{"text": "1871", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who went with Bell to Montreal?", "id": "56df83c756340a1900b29cbd", "answers": [{"text": "father", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did Bell's reworked melodeon send music?", "id": "56df83c756340a1900b29cbe", "answers": [{"text": "electrically", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After setting up his workshop, Bell continued experiments based on Helmholtz's work with electricity and sound. He also modified a melodeon (a type of pump organ) so that it could transmit its music electrically over a distance. Once the family was settled in, both Bell and his father made plans to establish a teaching practice and in 1871, he accompanied his father to Montreal, where Melville was offered a position to teach his System of Visible Speech."}], ["Pada usia 19 tahun, dia menulis laporan mengenai karyanya dan menghantarnya kepada ahli falsafah Alexander Ellis, seorang rakan bapanya (yang kemudiannya digambarkan sebagai Profesor Henry Higgins di Pygmalion). Ellis segera menulis semula menunjukkan bahawa eksperimen itu serupa dengan kerja yang ada di Jerman, dan juga meminjamkan Bell karya Hermann von Helmholtz, The Sensations of Tone sebagai Basis Fisiologi untuk Teori Muzik. <> Siapa Bell dapat membaca karyanya? || Alexander Ellis <> Apa negara sedang melakukan kerja yang serupa dengan Bell? || Jerman <> Siapa yang menulis Sensasi Nada sebagai Pangkalan Fisiologi untuk Teori Muzik? || Hermann von Helmholtz <> Berapa umur Bell ketika dia menulis kertasnya? || 19 <> Apakah watak fiksyen berdasarkan Alexander Ellis? || Profesor Henry Higgins", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Bell get to read his work?", "id": "56df80625ca0a614008f9b81", "answers": [{"text": "Alexander Ellis", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country was doing work similar to Bell's?", "id": "56df80625ca0a614008f9b82", "answers": [{"text": "Germany", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote The Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music?", "id": "56df80625ca0a614008f9b83", "answers": [{"text": "Hermann von Helmholtz", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old was Bell when he wrote his paper?", "id": "56df80625ca0a614008f9b84", "answers": [{"text": "19", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What fictional character is based on Alexander Ellis?", "id": "56df80625ca0a614008f9b85", "answers": [{"text": "Professor Henry Higgins", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At the age of 19, he wrote a report on his work and sent it to philologist Alexander Ellis, a colleague of his father (who would later be portrayed as Professor Henry Higgins in Pygmalion). Ellis immediately wrote back indicating that the experiments were similar to existing work in Germany, and also lent Bell a copy of Hermann von Helmholtz's work, The Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music."}], ["Bapa Bell dijemput oleh Sarah Fuller, pengetua Boston School for Deaf Mutes (yang diteruskan hari ini sebagai Sekolah Horace Mann awam untuk Orang Pekak), di Boston, Massachusetts, untuk memperkenalkan Sistem Ucapan Terlihat dengan menyediakan latihan untuk pengajar Fuller, tetapi dia menolak jawatan yang memihak kepada anaknya. Perjalanan ke Boston pada April 1871, Bell terbukti berjaya dalam latihan pengajar sekolah. Dia kemudiannya diminta untuk mengulangi program tersebut di American Asylum for Deaf-mutes di Hartford, Connecticut, dan Sekolah Clarke untuk Orang Pekak di Northampton, Massachusetts. <> Siapa yang berlari di Boston School for Mute Pekak? || Sarah Fuller <> Berapa nama sekolah Boston School for Deaf Mutes sekarang? || Sekolah Horace Mann awam untuk Orang Pekak <> Berapa bulan Bell pergi ke Boston? || April <> Bell dilatih siapa di Boston? || pengajar <> Kota mana yang menjadi Asylum Amerika? || Hartford", {"qas": [{"question": "Who ran the Boston School for Deaf Mutes?", "id": "56df84d756340a1900b29cd2", "answers": [{"text": "Sarah Fuller", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What name does the Boston School for Deaf Mutes go by now?", "id": "56df84d756340a1900b29cd3", "answers": [{"text": "the public Horace Mann School for the Deaf", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What month did Bell go to Boston?", "id": "56df84d756340a1900b29cd4", "answers": [{"text": "April", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bell trained who in Boston?", "id": "56df84d756340a1900b29cd5", "answers": [{"text": "instructors", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city was the American Asylum in?", "id": "56df84d756340a1900b29cd6", "answers": [{"text": "Hartford", "answer_start": 504}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bell's father was invited by Sarah Fuller, principal of the Boston School for Deaf Mutes (which continues today as the public Horace Mann School for the Deaf), in Boston, Massachusetts, to introduce the Visible Speech System by providing training for Fuller's instructors, but he declined the post in favor of his son. Traveling to Boston in April 1871, Bell proved successful in training the school's instructors. He was subsequently asked to repeat the program at the American Asylum for Deaf-mutes in Hartford, Connecticut, and the Clarke School for the Deaf in Northampton, Massachusetts."}], ["Pada tahun 1870, pada usia 23, Bell, janda abangnya, Caroline (Margaret Ottaway), dan ibu bapanya mengembara SS Nestorian ke Kanada. Selepas mendarat di Quebec City Bells dipindahkan ke pengukus lain ke Montreal dan kemudian menaiki kereta api ke Paris, Ontario, untuk tinggal bersama Reverend Thomas Henderson, teman keluarga. Setelah bersiar-siar dengan Hendersons, keluarga Bell membeli ladang 10.5 ekar (42,000 m2) di Tutelo Heights (sekarang dikenali sebagai Tutela Heights), berhampiran Brantford, Ontario. Harta ini terdiri daripada sebuah kebun, rumah ladang besar, kandang, kandang babi, rumah ayam, dan rumah kereta api, yang bersempadan dengan Grand River. [N 9] <> Berapa umur Bell ketika dia pergi ke Kanada? || 23 <> Apa bot perjalanan Bell? || SS Nestorian <> Dalam apa bandaraya Kanada Bell pertama tiba? || Kota Quebec <> Kota apa Bell tiba di kereta api? || Paris <> Berapa banyak ekar ladang Bell yang dibeli di Kanada? || 10.5", {"qas": [{"question": "How old was Bell when he went to Canada?", "id": "56df828c5ca0a614008f9bd1", "answers": [{"text": "23", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What boat did Bell travel on?", "id": "56df828c5ca0a614008f9bd2", "answers": [{"text": "SS Nestorian", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what Canadian city did Bell first arrive?", "id": "56df828c5ca0a614008f9bd3", "answers": [{"text": "Quebec City", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city did Bell arrive at by train?", "id": "56df828c5ca0a614008f9bd4", "answers": [{"text": "Paris", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many acres was the farm the Bell's bought in Canada?", "id": "56df828c5ca0a614008f9bd5", "answers": [{"text": "10.5", "answer_start": 396}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1870, at age 23, Bell, his brother's widow, Caroline (Margaret Ottaway), and his parents travelled on the SS Nestorian to Canada. After landing at Quebec City the Bells transferred to another steamer to Montreal and then boarded a train to Paris, Ontario, to stay with the Reverend Thomas Henderson, a family friend. After a brief stay with the Hendersons, the Bell family purchased a farm of 10.5 acres (42,000 m2) at Tutelo Heights (now called Tutela Heights), near Brantford, Ontario. The property consisted of an orchard, large farm house, stable, pigsty, hen-house, and a carriage house, which bordered the Grand River.[N 9]"}], ["Tidak pasti tentang masa depannya, dia mula-mula merenung kembali ke London untuk menyelesaikan pengajiannya, tetapi memutuskan untuk kembali ke Boston sebagai guru. Bapanya membantu beliau menubuhkan amalannya dengan menghubungi Gardiner Greene Hubbard, presiden Sekolah Clarke untuk Orang Pekak untuk cadangan. Mengajar sistem bapanya, pada bulan Oktober 1872, Alexander Bell membuka \"Sekolah Vokal Fisiologi dan Mekanik Ucapan\" di Boston, yang menarik sejumlah besar murid pekak, dengan kelas pertamanya berjumlah 30 orang pelajar. Semasa dia bekerja sebagai tutor swasta, salah seorang muridnya yang paling terkenal adalah Helen Keller, yang datang kepadanya sebagai seorang anak kecil yang tidak dapat melihat, mendengar, atau bercakap. Dia kemudian mengatakan bahawa Bell mendedikasikan hidupnya untuk menembusi \"keharmonian tidak berperikemanusiaan yang memisahkan dan menghina.\" Pada tahun 1893, Keller mempersembahkan upacara pemecatan sod untuk pembinaan Biro Volta baru Bell yang baru, khusus untuk \"peningkatan dan penyebaran pengetahuan yang berkaitan dengan orang pekak\". <> Apa kota Bell memutuskan untuk kembali ke? || Boston <> Dalam tahun apakah Bell membuka sekolahnya sendiri? || 1872 <> Berapa ramai orang dalam kelas pertama Bell? || 30 <> Antara pelajar Bell yang paling terkenal? || Helen Keller", {"qas": [{"question": "What city did Bell decide to return to?", "id": "56df860a56340a1900b29ce0", "answers": [{"text": "Boston", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Bell open his own school?", "id": "56df860a56340a1900b29ce2", "answers": [{"text": "1872", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were in Bell's first class?", "id": "56df860a56340a1900b29ce3", "answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 509}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of Bell's students is the most well known?", "id": "56df860a56340a1900b29ce4", "answers": [{"text": "Helen Keller", "answer_start": 597}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Unsure of his future, he first contemplated returning to London to complete his studies, but decided to return to Boston as a teacher. His father helped him set up his private practice by contacting Gardiner Greene Hubbard, the president of the Clarke School for the Deaf for a recommendation. Teaching his father's system, in October 1872, Alexander Bell opened his \"School of Vocal Physiology and Mechanics of Speech\" in Boston, which attracted a large number of deaf pupils, with his first class numbering 30 students. While he was working as a private tutor, one of his most famous pupils was Helen Keller, who came to him as a young child unable to see, hear, or speak. She was later to say that Bell dedicated his life to the penetration of that \"inhuman silence which separates and estranges.\" In 1893, Keller performed the sod-breaking ceremony for the construction of the new Bell's new Volta Bureau, dedicated to \"the increase and diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf\"."}], ["Pada tahun 1865, apabila keluarga Bell berpindah ke London, Bell kembali ke Weston House sebagai pembantu tuan dan, dalam jam penggera beliau, percubaan terus menggunakan bunyi dengan menggunakan peralatan makmal minimum. Bell tertumpu pada bereksperimen dengan elektrik untuk menyampaikan bunyi dan kemudian memasang kawat telegraf dari biliknya di Somerset College dengan rakannya. Sepanjang lewat tahun 1867, kesihatannya tergelincir terutamanya melalui keletihan. Adiknya, Edward \"Ted,\" sama-sama tidur, menderita batuk kering. Ketika Bell pulih (kemudian merujuk kepada dirinya dalam surat-menyurat sebagai \"A.G. Bell\") dan berkhidmat pada tahun berikutnya sebagai pengajar di Somerset College, Bath, England, keadaan abangnya semakin merosot. Edward tidak akan pulih. Setelah kematian abangnya, Bell kembali ke rumah pada tahun 1867. Kakaknya yang lebih tua Melville telah berkahwin dan berpindah. Dengan aspirasi untuk mendapatkan ijazah di University College London, Bell mempertimbangkan tahun-tahun berikutnya sebagai persediaan untuk peperiksaan ijazah, menumpukan masa lapangnya di kediaman keluarganya untuk belajar. <> Dalam tahun apakah Bell bergerak ke London? || 1865 <> Di mana Bell pergi bekerja pada tahun 1865? || Weston House <> Apa bangunan itu di Bell? || Somerset College <> Bagaimana Bell menandatangani suratnya? || A.G. Bell <> Dalam tahun apakah Bell bergerak ke rumah? || 1867", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the Bell's move to London?", "id": "56df819c5ca0a614008f9bb1", "answers": [{"text": "1865", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Bell go in work in 1865?", "id": "56df819c5ca0a614008f9bb2", "answers": [{"text": "Weston House", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What building was Bell in?", "id": "56df819c5ca0a614008f9bb3", "answers": [{"text": "Somerset College", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did Bell sign his letters?", "id": "56df819c5ca0a614008f9bb4", "answers": [{"text": "A.G. Bell", "answer_start": 589}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Bell move home?", "id": "56df819c5ca0a614008f9bb5", "answers": [{"text": "1867", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1865, when the Bell family moved to London, Bell returned to Weston House as an assistant master and, in his spare hours, continued experiments on sound using a minimum of laboratory equipment. Bell concentrated on experimenting with electricity to convey sound and later installed a telegraph wire from his room in Somerset College to that of a friend. Throughout late 1867, his health faltered mainly through exhaustion. His younger brother, Edward \"Ted,\" was similarly bed-ridden, suffering from tuberculosis. While Bell recovered (by then referring to himself in correspondence as \"A.G. Bell\") and served the next year as an instructor at Somerset College, Bath, England, his brother's condition deteriorated. Edward would never recover. Upon his brother's death, Bell returned home in 1867. His older brother Melville had married and moved out. With aspirations to obtain a degree at University College London, Bell considered his next years as preparation for the degree examinations, devoting his spare time at his family's residence to studying."}], ["Di rumahnya, Bell menubuhkan bengkelnya sendiri di rumah kereta yang ditukar berhampiran dengan apa yang disebutnya \"tempat bermimpi\", sebuah lubang besar yang terletak di pokok-pokok di belakang harta di atas sungai. Walaupun keadaannya yang rapuh ketika tiba di Kanada, Bell mendapati iklim dan sekitarnya sesuai dengan keinginannya, dan dengan cepat bertambah baik. [N 10] Dia meneruskan minatnya dalam kajian suara manusia dan ketika dia menemui Rizab Enam Negara di seberang sungai Onondaga, dia belajar bahasa Mohawk dan menerjemahkan perbendaharaan kata tidak tertulisnya ke dalam simbol-simbol Ucapan Terlihat. Untuk karyanya, Bell dianugerahi gelaran Ketua Kehormatan dan mengambil bahagian dalam upacara di mana ia memakai tudung Mohawk dan menari tarian tradisional. [N 11] <> Apa bangunan Bell digunakan sebagai bengkel? || kereta pengangkutan <> Apa Bell memanggil tempat istimewanya di belakang rumah? || tempat bermimpi <> Apa bahasa Asli Amerika belajar Bell? || Mohawk <> Apa status istimewa Bell masuk ke suku Mohawk? || Ketua Kehormat <> Di mana terdapat Rizab Enam Bangsa? || Onondaga", {"qas": [{"question": "What building did Bell use as a workshop?", "id": "56df836e5ca0a614008f9beb", "answers": [{"text": "carriage house", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Bell call his special spot in the back of the property?", "id": "56df836e5ca0a614008f9bec", "answers": [{"text": "dreaming place", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Native American language did Bell learn?", "id": "56df836e5ca0a614008f9bed", "answers": [{"text": "Mohawk", "answer_start": 483}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What special status did Bell get in the Mohawk tribe?", "id": "56df836e5ca0a614008f9bee", "answers": [{"text": "Honorary Chief", "answer_start": 612}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Six Nations Reserve located?", "id": "56df836e5ca0a614008f9bef", "answers": [{"text": "Onondaga", "answer_start": 458}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At the homestead, Bell set up his own workshop in the converted carriage house near to what he called his \"dreaming place\", a large hollow nestled in trees at the back of the property above the river. Despite his frail condition upon arriving in Canada, Bell found the climate and environs to his liking, and rapidly improved.[N 10] He continued his interest in the study of the human voice and when he discovered the Six Nations Reserve across the river at Onondaga, he learned the Mohawk language and translated its unwritten vocabulary into Visible Speech symbols. For his work, Bell was awarded the title of Honorary Chief and participated in a ceremony where he donned a Mohawk headdress and danced traditional dances.[N 11]"}], ["Kerana mendapati kerja-kerja terobosan ini telah dilakukan oleh Helmholtz yang telah menyampaikan bunyi vokal melalui penalaan \"garpu\" yang serupa, dia mengetuk buku saintis Jerman. Bekerja dari salah tafsirannya yang salah dalam edisi Perancis, Bell secara tidak sengaja kemudian membuat potongan yang akan menjadi asas bagi semua kerja masa depannya untuk menghantar suara, melaporkan: \"Tanpa mengetahui banyak tentang subjek itu, saya sepertinya jika bunyi vokal boleh dihasilkan oleh cara-cara elektrik, jadi boleh konsonan, jadi dapat mengucapkan ucapan. \" Beliau juga kemudian berkata: \"Saya fikir Helmholtz telah melakukannya ... dan bahawa kegagalan saya hanya disebabkan oleh ketidaktahuan saya terhadap elektrik. Itu adalah kesalahan yang sangat berharga ... Jika saya dapat membaca bahasa Jerman pada masa itu, saya mungkin tidak pernah memulakan percubaan saya! \"[N 7] <> Dengan apa maksud Bell dapat menyimpulkan bunyi vokal boleh dibuat? || elektrik <> Apa lagi selain vokal Bell memutuskan boleh dibuat? || konsonan <> Bahasa apa Bell senang dia tidak dapat membaca? || Jerman <> Apa yang Bell fikir dia tidak tahu cukup baik? || elektrik", {"qas": [{"question": "By what means did Bell conclude vowel sounds could be made?", "id": "56df812d56340a1900b29c7b", "answers": [{"text": "electrical", "answer_start": 499}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What else besides vowels did Bell decide could be created?", "id": "56df812d56340a1900b29c7c", "answers": [{"text": "consonants", "answer_start": 526}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language was Bell happy he couldn't read?", "id": "56df812d56340a1900b29c7d", "answers": [{"text": "German", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Bell think he didn't know well enough?", "id": "56df812d56340a1900b29c7e", "answers": [{"text": "electricity", "answer_start": 685}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Dismayed to find that groundbreaking work had already been undertaken by Helmholtz who had conveyed vowel sounds by means of a similar tuning fork \"contraption\", he pored over the German scientist's book. Working from his own erroneous mistranslation of a French edition, Bell fortuitously then made a deduction that would be the underpinning of all his future work on transmitting sound, reporting: \"Without knowing much about the subject, it seemed to me that if vowel sounds could be produced by electrical means, so could consonants, so could articulate speech.\" He also later remarked: \"I thought that Helmholtz had done it ... and that my failure was due only to my ignorance of electricity. It was a valuable blunder ... If I had been able to read German in those days, I might never have commenced my experiments!\"[N 7]"}], ["Membantu bapanya dalam demonstrasi dan ceramah Ucapan Visible membawa Bell ke sekolah swasta Susanna E. Hull untuk orang pekak di South Kensington, London. Dua pelajar pertama beliau adalah \"gadis bisu bisu\" yang membuat kemajuan yang luar biasa di bawah bimbingannya. Walaupun abangnya seolah-olah mencapai kejayaan di banyak bidang termasuk membukanya sekolah elocution sendiri, memohon paten pada ciptaan, dan memulakan sebuah keluarga, Bell terus sebagai seorang guru. Bagaimanapun, pada Mei 1870, Melville meninggal akibat komplikasi akibat tuberkulosis, menyebabkan krisis keluarga. Bapanya juga mengalami penyakit yang melemahkan sebelum ini dan telah dipulihkan kepada kesihatan dengan pemulihan di Newfoundland. Ibu bapa Bell memulakan langkah yang dirancang lama apabila mereka menyedari bahawa anak baki mereka juga sakit. Bertindak tegas, Alexander Melville Bell meminta Bell untuk mengaturkan penjualan semua harta keluarga, [N 8] menyimpulkan semua urusan saudaranya (Bell mengambil alih pelajar terakhirnya, menyembuhkan lilin yang jelas), dan menyertai bapanya dan ibu dalam menetapkan untuk \"Dunia Baru\". Dengan tidak sengaja, Bell juga perlu menyimpulkan hubungan dengan Marie Eccleston, yang, seperti yang dikritiknya, tidak bersedia untuk meninggalkan England bersamanya. <> Apa bandar Susanna E. Hull terletak? || South Kensington <> Apa jenis pelajar yang dihadiri Susanna E. Hull? || pekak <> yang meninggal pada tahun 1870? || Melville <> Di mana bapa Bell pergi untuk pulih dari penyakit? || Newfoundland <> Apa Bell membantu pelajar terakhirnya membuangnya? || licp", {"qas": [{"question": "What city is Susanna E. Hull located in?", "id": "56df82285ca0a614008f9bc7", "answers": [{"text": "South Kensington", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of student attended Susanna E. Hull?", "id": "56df82285ca0a614008f9bc8", "answers": [{"text": "deaf", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who died in 1870?", "id": "56df82285ca0a614008f9bc9", "answers": [{"text": "Melville", "answer_start": 471}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Bell's father go to recover from illness?", "id": "56df82285ca0a614008f9bca", "answers": [{"text": "Newfoundland", "answer_start": 672}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Bell help his final student get rid of?", "id": "56df82285ca0a614008f9bcb", "answers": [{"text": "lisp", "answer_start": 999}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Helping his father in Visible Speech demonstrations and lectures brought Bell to Susanna E. Hull's private school for the deaf in South Kensington, London. His first two pupils were \"deaf mute\" girls who made remarkable progress under his tutelage. While his older brother seemed to achieve success on many fronts including opening his own elocution school, applying for a patent on an invention, and starting a family, Bell continued as a teacher. However, in May 1870, Melville died from complications due to tuberculosis, causing a family crisis. His father had also suffered a debilitating illness earlier in life and had been restored to health by a convalescence in Newfoundland. Bell's parents embarked upon a long-planned move when they realized that their remaining son was also sickly. Acting decisively, Alexander Melville Bell asked Bell to arrange for the sale of all the family property,[N 8] conclude all of his brother's affairs (Bell took over his last student, curing a pronounced lisp), and join his father and mother in setting out for the \"New World\". Reluctantly, Bell also had to conclude a relationship with Marie Eccleston, who, as he had surmised, was not prepared to leave England with him."}], ["Dengan sokongan kewangan dari Sanders dan Hubbard, Bell mengupah Thomas Watson sebagai pembantunya, [N 15] dan mereka berdua bereksperimen dengan telegraf akustik. Pada 2 Jun, 1875, Watson secara tidak sengaja memetik salah satu daripada buluh dan Bell, pada akhir penerimaan wayar, mendengar kelebihan buluh itu; nada yang diperlukan untuk menyampaikan ucapan. Itu menunjukkan kepada Bell bahawa hanya satu buluh atau angker yang diperlukan, bukan pelbagai buluh. Ini membawa kepada \"kuasa gantung\" telefon berkuasa bunyi, yang boleh menghantar suara yang tidak jelas, seperti suara, tetapi tidak jelas ucapan. <> Siapa Bell pergi bekerja dengannya? || Thomas Watson <> Apa bulan dan hari apakah Watson dan Bell mempunyai kejayaan? || 2 Jun <> Berapa banyak reed yang Bell menyimpulkan dia diperlukan? || 1 <> Nama apa yang diberikan kepada telefon yang jenis kerja? || Siapa yang memberikan wang kepada Bell dan Watson? || Sanders dan Hubbard", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Bell take on to work with him?", "id": "56df8ce34a1a83140091eb24", "answers": [{"text": "Thomas Watson", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What month and day did Watson and Bell have a breakthrough?", "id": "56df8ce34a1a83140091eb25", "answers": [{"text": "June 2", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many reeds did Bell conclude he needed?", "id": "56df8ce34a1a83140091eb26", "answers": [{"text": "1", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What name was given to the telephone that sort of worked?", "id": "56df8ce34a1a83140091eb27", "answers": [{"text": "gallows", "answer_start": 464}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who gave money to Bell and Watson?", "id": "56df8ce34a1a83140091eb28", "answers": [{"text": "Sanders and Hubbard", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "With financial support from Sanders and Hubbard, Bell hired Thomas Watson as his assistant,[N 15] and the two of them experimented with acoustic telegraphy. On June 2, 1875, Watson accidentally plucked one of the reeds and Bell, at the receiving end of the wire, heard the overtones of the reed; overtones that would be necessary for transmitting speech. That demonstrated to Bell that only one reed or armature was necessary, not multiple reeds. This led to the \"gallows\" sound-powered telephone, which could transmit indistinct, voice-like sounds, but not clear speech."}], ["Paten Bell 174,465, dikeluarkan kepada Bell pada 7 Mac 1876, oleh Pejabat Paten A.S.. Paten Bell merangkumi \"kaedah, dan peralatan untuk, menghantar suara suara atau bunyi telegraf lain ... dengan menyebabkan undulations elektrik, bentuk yang sama dengan getaran udara yang mengiringi bunyi vokal atau suara lain\" [N 16] Bell kembali ke Boston pada hari yang sama dan hari berikutnya menyambung semula kerja, melukis di dalam buku catatannya seperti gambar yang sama di dalam paten paten Grey. <> Berapakah bilangan paten Bell? || 174,465 <> Pada tarikh apa Bell mendapat patennya? || 7 Mac, 1876 <> Paten Bell adalah untuk kaedah dan apa untuk menghantar bunyi suara dan lain-lain telegraf? || aparatus <> Pada hari apakah Bell kembali ke Boston? || 7 Mac 1876 <> Bell melukis reka bentuk yang kelihatan seperti karya siapa? || Kelabu", {"qas": [{"question": "What number is Bell's patent?", "id": "56df8ed54a1a83140091eb38", "answers": [{"text": "174,465", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did Bell get his patent?", "id": "56df8ed54a1a83140091eb39", "answers": [{"text": "March 7, 1876", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bell's patent was for the method and what for transmitting vocal and other sounds telegraphically?", "id": "56df8ed54a1a83140091eb3a", "answers": [{"text": "apparatus", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day did Bell go back to Boston?", "id": "56df8ed54a1a83140091eb3b", "answers": [{"text": "March 7, 1876", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bell sketched a design that looked like the work of who?", "id": "56df8ed54a1a83140091eb3c", "answers": [{"text": "Gray", "answer_start": 451}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bell's patent 174,465, was issued to Bell on March 7, 1876, by the U.S. Patent Office. Bell's patent covered \"the method of, and apparatus for, transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically ... by causing electrical undulations, similar in form to the vibrations of the air accompanying the said vocal or other sound\" [N 16] Bell returned to Boston the same day and the next day resumed work, drawing in his notebook a diagram similar to that in Gray's patent caveat."}], ["Pada tahun 1875, Bell telah membangunkan sebuah telegraph akustik dan mengeluarkan aplikasi paten untuknya. Memandangkan beliau telah bersetuju untuk berkongsi keuntungan AS dengan pelaburnya Gardiner Hubbard dan Thomas Sanders, Bell meminta rakan sekutu di Ontario, George Brown, cuba paten di Britain, mengarahkan peguamnya untuk memohon paten di AS hanya selepas mereka menerima kata dari Britain (Britain akan mengeluarkan paten hanya untuk penemuan yang tidak dipatenkan di tempat lain). <> Apa janji Bell untuk berpecah dengan pembiaya? || Keuntungan A.S. <> Di negara apa yang selain dari A.S. lakukan Bell cuba paten telegrafnya? || Britain <> Negara manakah Bell terlebih dahulu cuba mendapatkan paten? || Britain <> Siapa yang Bell meminta untuk mendapatkan paten di Britain? || George Brown <> Apakah jenis telegraf yang dibuat oleh Bell? || akustik", {"qas": [{"question": "What did Bell promise to split with his financers?", "id": "56df8d8438dc421700152034", "answers": [{"text": "U.S. profits", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what country other than the U.S. did Bell try to patent his telegraph?", "id": "56df8d8438dc421700152035", "answers": [{"text": "Britain", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which country did Bell first try to get a patent?", "id": "56df8d8438dc421700152036", "answers": [{"text": "Britain", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Bell ask to get a patent in Britain?", "id": "56df8d8438dc421700152037", "answers": [{"text": "George Brown", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of telegraph did Bell create?", "id": "56df8d8438dc421700152038", "answers": [{"text": "acoustic", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1875, Bell developed an acoustic telegraph and drew up a patent application for it. Since he had agreed to share U.S. profits with his investors Gardiner Hubbard and Thomas Sanders, Bell requested that an associate in Ontario, George Brown, attempt to patent it in Britain, instructing his lawyers to apply for a patent in the U.S. only after they received word from Britain (Britain would issue patents only for discoveries not previously patented elsewhere)."}], ["Sementara itu, Elisha Gray juga bereksperimen dengan telegraf akustik dan pemikiran cara untuk menghantar ucapan menggunakan pemancar air. Pada 14 Februari 1876, Grey memfailkan kaveat dengan Pejabat Paten A.S. untuk reka bentuk telefon yang menggunakan pemancar air. Pada pagi yang sama, peguam Bell memfailkan permohonan Bell dengan pejabat paten. Terdapat banyak perdebatan mengenai siapa yang tiba dahulu dan Gray kemudian mencabar keutamaan paten Bell. Bell berada di Boston pada 14 Februari dan tidak tiba di Washington sehingga 26 Februari. <> Apa bahan yang digunakan oleh Elisha Grey untuk menyampaikan bunyi? || air <> Pada tarikh apa pula Grey dan Bell kedua-duanya dimasukkan ke dalam paten? || 14 Februari 1876 <> Pada hari apakah Bell pergi ke Washington? || 26 Februari <> Pejabat apa di Washington melawat Bell dan Grey? || Pejabat Paten A.S. <> Mesin apa jenis Bell dan Grey kedua cuba paten pada masa yang sama? || telefon", {"qas": [{"question": "What material did Elisha Gray use to convey sound?", "id": "56df8e3e38dc42170015203e", "answers": [{"text": "water", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did Gray and Bell both put in for a patent?", "id": "56df8e3e38dc42170015203f", "answers": [{"text": "February 14, 1876", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day did Bell get to Washington?", "id": "56df8e3e38dc421700152040", "answers": [{"text": "February 26", "answer_start": 526}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What office in Washington did Bell and Gray visit?", "id": "56df8e3e38dc421700152041", "answers": [{"text": "U.S. Patent Office", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of machine did Bell and Gray both try to patent at the same time?", "id": "56df8e3e38dc421700152042", "answers": [{"text": "telephone", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Meanwhile, Elisha Gray was also experimenting with acoustic telegraphy and thought of a way to transmit speech using a water transmitter. On February 14, 1876, Gray filed a caveat with the U.S. Patent Office for a telephone design that used a water transmitter. That same morning, Bell's lawyer filed Bell's application with the patent office. There is considerable debate about who arrived first and Gray later challenged the primacy of Bell's patent. Bell was in Boston on February 14 and did not arrive in Washington until February 26."}], ["Pada bulan Mac 1875, Bell dan Pollok melawat saintis terkenal Joseph Henry, yang kemudiannya menjadi pengarah Institusi Smithsonian, dan meminta nasihat Henry mengenai alat elektrik berbilang elektrik yang Bell berharap akan menghantar suara manusia melalui telegraf. Henry menjawab bahawa Bell mempunyai \"kuman ciptaan yang hebat\". Apabila Bell berkata bahawa dia tidak mempunyai pengetahuan yang diperlukan, Henry menjawab, \"Dapatkannya!\" Pengisytiharan itu sangat menggalakkan Bell untuk terus berusaha, walaupun dia tidak mempunyai peralatan yang diperlukan untuk meneruskan eksperimennya, mahupun kemampuan untuk membuat model kerja gagasannya. Walau bagaimanapun, satu pertemuan pada 1874 antara Bell dan Thomas A. Watson, seorang pereka elektrik dan mekanik yang berpengalaman di kedai mesin elektrik Charles Williams, mengubah semua itu. <> Siapa yang Bell pergi untuk melihat pada tahun 1875? || Joseph Henry <> Siapa berlari Smithsonian pada tahun 1875? || Joseph Henry <> Apakah jawapan Henry terhadap pernyataan Bell bahawa dia tidak mempunyai maklumat untuk melengkapkan telegrafnya? || Dapatkannya! <> Siapa Bell bertemu pada tahun 1874? || Thomas A. Watson <> Apa jenis perniagaan yang dilakukan Watson? || mesin elektrik", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Bell go to see in 1875?", "id": "56df8c1e4a1a83140091eb1a", "answers": [{"text": "Joseph Henry", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ran the Smithsonian in 1875?", "id": "56df8c1e4a1a83140091eb1b", "answers": [{"text": "Joseph Henry", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Henry's reply to Bell's statement that he lacked information to complete his telegraph?", "id": "56df8c1e4a1a83140091eb1c", "answers": [{"text": "Get it!", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Bell meet in 1874?", "id": "56df8c1e4a1a83140091eb1d", "answers": [{"text": "Thomas A. Watson", "answer_start": 642}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of business did Watson work at?", "id": "56df8c1e4a1a83140091eb1e", "answers": [{"text": "electrical machine", "answer_start": 715}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In March 1875, Bell and Pollok visited the famous scientist Joseph Henry, who was then director of the Smithsonian Institution, and asked Henry's advice on the electrical multi-reed apparatus that Bell hoped would transmit the human voice by telegraph. Henry replied that Bell had \"the germ of a great invention\". When Bell said that he did not have the necessary knowledge, Henry replied, \"Get it!\" That declaration greatly encouraged Bell to keep trying, even though he did not have the equipment needed to continue his experiments, nor the ability to create a working model of his ideas. However, a chance meeting in 1874 between Bell and Thomas A. Watson, an experienced electrical designer and mechanic at the electrical machine shop of Charles Williams, changed all that."}], ["Beberapa orang berpengaruh pada masa itu, termasuk Bell, melihat pekak sebagai sesuatu yang harus dibasmi, dan juga percaya dengan sumber dan usaha mereka dapat mengajar orang pekak untuk berbicara dan mengelakkan penggunaan bahasa isyarat, dengan itu membolehkan integrasi mereka dalam masyarakat yang lebih luas dari mana ramai yang sering dikecualikan. Di beberapa sekolah, kanak-kanak telah dianiaya, contohnya dengan tangan mereka terikat di belakang mereka supaya mereka tidak dapat berkomunikasi dengan menandatangani-satu-satunya bahasa yang mereka tahu-dalam cubaan memaksa mereka untuk cuba komunikasi oral. Oleh kerana usaha beliau untuk menindas pengajaran bahasa isyarat, Bell sering dilihat negatif oleh mereka yang memeluk budaya Budidaya. <> Tujuan Bell adalah untuk mengarahkan orang pekak untuk bercakap dan tidak menggunakan apa? || bahasa isyarat <> Apa yang akan berlaku sehingga beberapa anak-anak di sekolah? || diikat di belakang mereka <> Dalam apa cahaya kepada banyak orang-orang tuli melihat Bell? || negatif <> Apa satu-satunya bahasa yang ada di kalangan orang pekak? || menandatangani", {"qas": [{"question": "Bell's goal was to instruct the deaf to speak and not use what?", "id": "56df86c056340a1900b29cf4", "answers": [{"text": "sign language", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What would happen so some children's hands in schools?", "id": "56df86c056340a1900b29cf5", "answers": [{"text": "tied behind their backs", "answer_start": 412}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what light to many pro-deaf people see Bell?", "id": "56df86c056340a1900b29cf6", "answers": [{"text": "negative", "answer_start": 649}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the only language many deaf people had?", "id": "56df86c056340a1900b29cf7", "answers": [{"text": "signing", "answer_start": 469}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Several influential people of the time, including Bell, viewed deafness as something that should be eradicated, and also believed that with resources and effort they could teach the deaf to speak and avoid the use of sign language, thus enabling their integration within the wider society from which many were often being excluded. In several schools, children were mistreated, for example by having their hands tied behind their backs so they could not communicate by signing\u2014the only language they knew\u2014in an attempt to force them to attempt oral communication. Owing to his efforts to suppress the teaching of sign language, Bell is often viewed negatively by those embracing Deaf culture."}], ["Pada tahun 1874, trafik mesej telegraf berkembang pesat dan dengan kata-kata Presiden Western Union William Orton, telah menjadi \"sistem perdagangan saraf\". Orton telah berkontrak dengan pencipta Thomas Edison dan Elisha Gray untuk mencari jalan untuk menghantar beberapa mesej telegraf pada setiap talian telegraf untuk mengelakkan kos yang besar untuk membina barisan baru. Apabila Bell menyebut Gardiner Hubbard dan Thomas Sanders bahawa dia sedang menjalankan kaedah menghantar beberapa nada pada wayar telegraf menggunakan peranti pelbagai reed, kedua-dua pelanggan kaya mula menyokong kewangan Bell's experiments. Perkara-perkara paten akan ditangani oleh peguam paten Hubbard, Anthony Pollok. <> Apa perniagaan William Orton yang bertanggungjawab? || Western Union <> Pada tahun 1874 telegraf dikenali sebagai apa yang dagang? || sistem saraf <> Apakah motivasi utama untuk tidak membina talian telegraf baru? || kos <> Thomas Edison dan apa saintis lain yang telah diminta untuk bekerja pada telegraf yang lebih baik? || Elisha Grey", {"qas": [{"question": "What business was William Orton in charge of?", "id": "56df8a214a1a83140091eb0c", "answers": [{"text": "Western Union", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1874 the telegraph was known as the what of commerce?", "id": "56df8a214a1a83140091eb0d", "answers": [{"text": "nervous system", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the primary motivation for not building new telegraph lines?", "id": "56df8a214a1a83140091eb0e", "answers": [{"text": "cost", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Thomas Edison and what other scientist were already asked to work on a better telegraph?", "id": "56df8a214a1a83140091eb10", "answers": [{"text": "Elisha Gray", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1874, telegraph message traffic was rapidly expanding and in the words of Western Union President William Orton, had become \"the nervous system of commerce\". Orton had contracted with inventors Thomas Edison and Elisha Gray to find a way to send multiple telegraph messages on each telegraph line to avoid the great cost of constructing new lines. When Bell mentioned to Gardiner Hubbard and Thomas Sanders that he was working on a method of sending multiple tones on a telegraph wire using a multi-reed device, the two wealthy patrons began to financially support Bell's experiments. Patent matters would be handled by Hubbard's patent attorney, Anthony Pollok."}], ["Pada tahun 1874, karya awal Bell pada telegraf harmonik telah memasuki tahap formatif, dengan kemajuan yang dibuat baik di makmal \"Boston\" baru (kemudahan yang disewa) dan di rumah keluarganya di Kanada kejayaan besar. musim panas di Brantford, Bell bereksperimen dengan \"phonautograph\", mesin pena seperti yang boleh menarik bentuk gelombang bunyi pada kaca salai dengan mengesan getaran mereka. Bell menganggapnya mungkin untuk menjana arus elektrik bergelombang yang sepadan dengan gelombang bunyi. Bell juga berfikir bahawa pelbagai logam reed disetel kepada frekuensi yang berbeza seperti kecapi akan dapat menukar arus bergelombang kembali ke bunyi. Tetapi dia tidak mempunyai model kerja untuk menunjukkan kemungkinan idea-idea ini. <> Pada apa bahan yang berfungsi phonautograph beroperasi? || kaca salai <> Apa jenis buluh Bell mahu bermain? || logam <> Apa yang Bell percaya bahawa buluh akan menjadikan isyarat itu? || bunyi <> Apakah instrumen itu adalah phonautograph yang serupa dengan? || pen <> Pada tahun apakah Bell benar-benar bekerja di telegrafnya? || 1874", {"qas": [{"question": "On what material did the phonautograph operate?", "id": "56df890b38dc421700152018", "answers": [{"text": "smoked glass", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of reed did Bell want to play with?", "id": "56df890b38dc421700152019", "answers": [{"text": "metal", "answer_start": 542}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Bell believe the reeds would turn the signal into?", "id": "56df890b38dc42170015201a", "answers": [{"text": "sound", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What instrument is a phonautograph similar to?", "id": "56df890b38dc42170015201b", "answers": [{"text": "pen", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Bell really working on his telegraph?", "id": "56df890b38dc42170015201c", "answers": [{"text": "1874", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By 1874, Bell's initial work on the harmonic telegraph had entered a formative stage, with progress made both at his new Boston \"laboratory\" (a rented facility) and at his family home in Canada a big success.[N 14] While working that summer in Brantford, Bell experimented with a \"phonautograph\", a pen-like machine that could draw shapes of sound waves on smoked glass by tracing their vibrations. Bell thought it might be possible to generate undulating electrical currents that corresponded to sound waves. Bell also thought that multiple metal reeds tuned to different frequencies like a harp would be able to convert the undulating currents back into sound. But he had no working model to demonstrate the feasibility of these ideas."}], ["Memutuskan untuk melepaskan amalan Boston swasta yang mengagumkan, Bell hanya mengekalkan dua pelajar, \"Georgie\" Sanders berusia enam tahun, pekak dari kelahiran, dan Mabel Hubbard, 15 tahun. Setiap murid akan memainkan peranan penting dalam perkembangan seterusnya. Bapa George, Thomas Sanders, seorang ahli perniagaan yang kaya, menawarkan Bell tempat tinggal di Salem yang berdekatan dengan nenek Georgie, lengkap dengan bilik untuk \"eksperimen\". Walaupun tawaran itu dibuat oleh ibu George dan mengikut susunan sepanjang tahun pada tahun 1872 di mana anaknya dan jururawatnya telah berpindah ke tempat kediaman sebelah Bell, jelas bahawa Encik Sanders menyokong cadangan itu. Susunannya adalah untuk guru dan pelajar untuk terus bekerja bersama-sama, dengan bilik dan papan percuma yang dibuang. Mabel adalah gadis yang cerah dan menarik yang berusia sepuluh tahun Bell, tetapi menjadi objek kasih sayangnya. Setelah kehilangan pendengarannya selepas kematian demam merah dekat dengan ulang tahun kelimanya, [N 13] dia belajar membaca bibir, tetapi ayahnya, Gardiner Greene Hubbard, dermawan Bell dan rakan peribadi, mahu dia bekerja secara langsung dengannya guru. <> Bell dua pelajar yang tinggal adalah \"Georgie\" Sanders dan siapa? || Mabel Hubbard <> Apakah nama bapa Georgie itu? || Thomas Sanders <> Apa penyakit yang dibuat Mabel deaf? || demam merah <<Berapa umur Mabel ketika dia menjadi pekak? || 15", {"qas": [{"question": "Bell's two remaining students were \"Georgie\" Sanders and who?", "id": "56df880c56340a1900b29d12", "answers": [{"text": "Mabel Hubbard", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Georgie's father's name?", "id": "56df880c56340a1900b29d13", "answers": [{"text": "Thomas Sanders", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What disease made Mabel deaf?", "id": "56df880c56340a1900b29d15", "answers": [{"text": "scarlet fever", "answer_start": 909}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old was Mabel when she became deaf?", "id": "56df880c56340a1900b29d16", "answers": [{"text": "15", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Deciding to give up his lucrative private Boston practice, Bell retained only two students, six-year-old \"Georgie\" Sanders, deaf from birth, and 15-year-old Mabel Hubbard. Each pupil would play an important role in the next developments. George's father, Thomas Sanders, a wealthy businessman, offered Bell a place to stay in nearby Salem with Georgie's grandmother, complete with a room to \"experiment\". Although the offer was made by George's mother and followed the year-long arrangement in 1872 where her son and his nurse had moved to quarters next to Bell's boarding house, it was clear that Mr. Sanders was backing the proposal. The arrangement was for teacher and student to continue their work together, with free room and board thrown in. Mabel was a bright, attractive girl who was ten years Bell's junior, but became the object of his affection. Having lost her hearing after a near-fatal bout of scarlet fever close to her fifth birthday,[N 13] she had learned to read lips but her father, Gardiner Greene Hubbard, Bell's benefactor and personal friend, wanted her to work directly with her teacher."}], ["Pada tahun berikutnya, Bell menjadi profesor Vokal Physiology dan Elocution di Boston University of Oratory. Dalam tempoh ini, dia bergilir-gilir antara Boston dan Brantford, menghabiskan musim panas di rumahnya di Kanada. Di Boston University, Bell \"disapu\" oleh keghairahan yang diilhamkan oleh banyak saintis dan pencipta yang tinggal di bandar. Beliau melanjutkan penyelidikannya dengan baik dan berusaha mencari cara untuk menghantar nota muzik dan ucapan ucapan, tetapi walaupun diserap oleh eksperimennya, dia mendapati sukar untuk menumpukan masa yang mencukupi. Semasa hari dan petang diduduki oleh kelas mengajar dan persekolahannya, Bell mula bangun pada waktu malam, menjalankan eksperimen selepas percubaan dalam kemudahan yang disewa di rumah asrama. Menjaga waktu berjaga-jaga malam \"malam, dia bimbang kerja-kerja itu akan ditemui dan bersusah payah untuk mengunci buku nota dan peralatan makmalnya. Bell mempunyai meja yang dibuat khas di mana dia boleh meletakkan nota dan peralatannya di dalam penutup pengunci. Lebih buruk lagi, kesihatannya semakin merosot kerana dia mengalami sakit kepala yang teruk. Kembali ke Boston pada musim gugur 1873, Bell membuat keputusan yang fateful untuk menumpukan perhatian pada eksperimennya dengan suara. <> Dengan sekolah apakah Bell mendapat pekerjaan pengajarannya yang seterusnya? || Sekolah Universiti Boston. <> Apakah disiplin Bell? || Physiology Vocal dan Elocution <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh Bell pada waktu malam? || eksperimen <> Apakah keadaan kesihatan yang dimiliki Bell sebelum ini? || sakit kepala <> Dalam tahun apakah Bell mula memberi tumpuan kepada penyelidikan ke dalam bunyi? || 1873", {"qas": [{"question": "With what school did Bell get his next teaching job?", "id": "56df875256340a1900b29d00", "answers": [{"text": "Boston University School of Oratory.", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Bell's discipline?", "id": "56df875256340a1900b29d01", "answers": [{"text": "Vocal Physiology and Elocution", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Bell do late at night?", "id": "56df875256340a1900b29d02", "answers": [{"text": "experiments", "answer_start": 498}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What health condition did Bell start to have?", "id": "56df875256340a1900b29d03", "answers": [{"text": "headaches", "answer_start": 1080}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Bell start to focus on research into sound?", "id": "56df875256340a1900b29d04", "answers": [{"text": "1873", "answer_start": 1119}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the following year, Bell became professor of Vocal Physiology and Elocution at the Boston University School of Oratory. During this period, he alternated between Boston and Brantford, spending summers in his Canadian home. At Boston University, Bell was \"swept up\" by the excitement engendered by the many scientists and inventors residing in the city. He continued his research in sound and endeavored to find a way to transmit musical notes and articulate speech, but although absorbed by his experiments, he found it difficult to devote enough time to experimentation. While days and evenings were occupied by his teaching and private classes, Bell began to stay awake late into the night, running experiment after experiment in rented facilities at his boarding house. Keeping \"night owl\" hours, he worried that his work would be discovered and took great pains to lock up his notebooks and laboratory equipment. Bell had a specially made table where he could place his notes and equipment inside a locking cover. Worse still, his health deteriorated as he suffered severe headaches. Returning to Boston in fall 1873, Bell made a fateful decision to concentrate on his experiments in sound."}], ["Pada bulan Januari 1915, Bell membuat panggilan telefon kontemporari pertama. Memanggil dari ibu pejabat AT & T di 15 Dey Street di New York City, Bell didengar oleh Thomas Watson di 333 Grant Avenue di San Francisco. The New York Times melaporkan: <> Dalam bulan dan tahun berapa Bell telefon di seluruh negara? || Januari 1915 <> Apa pejabat syarikat Bell melakukan panggilan telefon dari negara asal? || AT & T <> Apa bandar Bell melakukan panggilan silang negara pertama? || New York <> Apa bandar Bell melakukan panggilan silang negara pertama? || San Francisco <> Siapa yang berada di hujung panggilan telefon negara pertama? || Thomas Watson", {"qas": [{"question": "In what month and year did Bell telephone across the country?", "id": "56df983d38dc4217001520aa", "answers": [{"text": "January 1915", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company office did Bell make the original cross country phone call from?", "id": "56df983d38dc4217001520ab", "answers": [{"text": "AT&T", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city did Bell make the first cross country call from?", "id": "56df983d38dc4217001520ac", "answers": [{"text": "New York", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city did Bell make the first cross country call to?", "id": "56df983d38dc4217001520ad", "answers": [{"text": "San Francisco", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was on the other end of the first cross country phone call?", "id": "56df983d38dc4217001520ae", "answers": [{"text": "Thomas Watson", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In January 1915, Bell made the first ceremonial transcontinental telephone call. Calling from the AT&T head office at 15 Dey Street in New York City, Bell was heard by Thomas Watson at 333 Grant Avenue in San Francisco. The New York Times reported:"}], ["Bell dan rakan-rakannya, Hubbard dan Sanders, menawarkan untuk menjual paten secara langsung kepada Western Union untuk $ 100,000. Presiden Union Western melegakan, menganggap bahawa telefon itu hanyalah mainan. Dua tahun kemudian, beliau memberitahu rakan sekerja bahawa jika dia boleh mendapatkan paten untuk $ 25 juta, dia akan mempertimbangkannya sebagai tawar-menawar. Pada masa itu, syarikat Bell tidak lagi mahu menjual paten itu. Pelabur Bell akan menjadi jutawan, sementara dia menawan dengan baik dari sisa-sisa dan pada satu ketika mempunyai aset hampir satu juta dolar. <> Berapakah Bell et al. cuba menjual patennya? || $ 100,000 <> Siapa yang membuat Bell et al. cuba menjual patennya? || Western Union <> Apa yang difikirkan oleh presiden telefon itu, sehingga ia menolak untuk membeli paten itu? || sebuah mainan <> Berapa banyak yang dimiliki oleh Presiden Western Union untuk membayar paten di kemudian hari? || $ 25 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "How much did Bell et al. try to sell his patent for?", "id": "56df96344a1a83140091eb86", "answers": [{"text": "$100,000", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Bell et al. try to sell his patent to?", "id": "56df96344a1a83140091eb87", "answers": [{"text": "Western Union", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the President think the telephone was, such that he refused to buy the patent?", "id": "56df96344a1a83140091eb88", "answers": [{"text": "a toy", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much the the President of Western Union want to pay for the patent later on?", "id": "56df96344a1a83140091eb89", "answers": [{"text": "$25 million", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bell and his partners, Hubbard and Sanders, offered to sell the patent outright to Western Union for $100,000. The president of Western Union balked, countering that the telephone was nothing but a toy. Two years later, he told colleagues that if he could get the patent for $25 million he would consider it a bargain. By then, the Bell company no longer wanted to sell the patent. Bell's investors would become millionaires, while he fared well from residuals and at one point had assets of nearly one million dollars."}], ["Bell memulakan siri demonstrasi dan ceramah awam untuk memperkenalkan ciptaan baru kepada komuniti saintifik serta masyarakat umum. Tidak lama kemudian, demonstrasi prototaip telefon awalnya pada Pameran 1876 Centennial di Philadelphia membawa telefon ke perhatian antarabangsa. Pengunjung berpengaruh ke pameran itu termasuk Kaisar Pedro II dari Brazil. Kemudian Bell mempunyai peluang untuk menunjukkan ciptaannya secara peribadi kepada Sir William Thomson (kemudian, Lord Kelvin), ahli sains Scotland yang terkenal, serta kepada Queen Victoria, yang telah meminta penonton peribadi di Osborne House, rumah Isle of Wightnya. Dia memanggil demonstrasi \"paling luar biasa\". Semangat yang memaparkan paparan awam Bell meletakkan asas untuk penerimaan universal peranti revolusioner. <> Dalam apa bandar itu ialah 1876 Centennial Exposition? || Philadelphia <> Orang yang penting melihat telefon di Pameran Centennial? || Kaisar Pedro II <> Pedro II adalah Maharaja Negara apa? || Brazil <> Yang mana Ratu Bell membentangkan ciptaannya? || Victoria", {"qas": [{"question": "In what city was the 1876 Centennial Exposition?", "id": "56df973238dc421700152096", "answers": [{"text": "Philadelphia", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What important person saw the telephone at the Centennial Exposition?", "id": "56df973238dc421700152097", "answers": [{"text": "Emperor Pedro II", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Pedro II was the Emperor of what Country?", "id": "56df973238dc421700152098", "answers": [{"text": "Brazil", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Queen did Bell present his invention to?", "id": "56df973238dc42170015209a", "answers": [{"text": "Victoria", "answer_start": 561}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bell began a series of public demonstrations and lectures to introduce the new invention to the scientific community as well as the general public. A short time later, his demonstration of an early telephone prototype at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia brought the telephone to international attention. Influential visitors to the exhibition included Emperor Pedro II of Brazil. Later Bell had the opportunity to demonstrate the invention personally to Sir William Thomson (later, Lord Kelvin), a renowned Scottish scientist, as well as to Queen Victoria, who had requested a private audience at Osborne House, her Isle of Wight home. She called the demonstration \"most extraordinary\". The enthusiasm surrounding Bell's public displays laid the groundwork for universal acceptance of the revolutionary device."}], ["Pada 10 Mac, 1876, tiga hari selepas paten dikeluarkan, Bell berjaya mendapatkan telefonnya untuk bekerja, menggunakan pemancar cecair yang serupa dengan reka bentuk Gray. Getaran diafragma menyebabkan jarum bergetar di dalam air, memvarikan rintangan elektrik di litar. Apabila Bell bercakap kalimat yang terkenal \"Mr Watson-Datang ke sini-saya mahu melihat kamu\" ke dalam pemancar cecair, Watson, mendengar di hujung penerimaan di bilik sebelah, mendengar kata-kata dengan jelas. <> Pemancar apa jenis yang dilakukan Bell dalam telefonnya? || cair <> Bagaimana Bell merujuk kepada pasangannya dalam barunya yang terkenal? || Mr Watson <> Apa yang menyebabkan getaran berubah? || rintangan elektrik", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of transmitter did Bell put in his telephone?", "id": "56df8f994a1a83140091eb47", "answers": [{"text": "liquid", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did Bell refer to his partner in his well known line?", "id": "56df8f994a1a83140091eb49", "answers": [{"text": "Mr. Watson", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the vibrations cause to change?", "id": "56df8f994a1a83140091eb4a", "answers": [{"text": "electrical resistance", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On March 10, 1876, three days after his patent was issued, Bell succeeded in getting his telephone to work, using a liquid transmitter similar to Gray's design. Vibration of the diaphragm caused a needle to vibrate in the water, varying the electrical resistance in the circuit. When Bell spoke the famous sentence \"Mr. Watson\u2014Come here\u2014I want to see you\" into the liquid transmitter, Watson, listening at the receiving end in an adjoining room, heard the words clearly."}], ["Syarikat Telefon Bell telah diwujudkan pada tahun 1877, dan pada tahun 1886, lebih daripada 150,000 orang di telefon milik A.S.. Jurutera Syarikat Bell membuat banyak penambahbaikan lain ke telefon, yang muncul sebagai salah satu produk paling berjaya yang pernah ada. Pada tahun 1879, syarikat Bell memperoleh paten Edison untuk mikrofon karbon dari Western Union. Ini menjadikan telefon praktikal untuk jarak yang lebih jauh, dan tidak lagi perlu menjerit untuk didengar di telefon penerima. <> Pada tahun berapa syarikat Bell Bell diasaskan? || 1877 <> Berapa ramai orang di Amerika Syarikat mempunyai telefon pada tahun 1886? || 150,000 <> Pada tahun apakah Bell mendapat beberapa paten Edison? || 1879 <> Apa tambahan membiarkan orang berhenti berteriak ke dalam telefon? || mikrofon karbon <> Syarikat apa Bell mendapat mikrofon karbon dari? || Western Union", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was the Bell Telephone Company founded?", "id": "56df97b838dc4217001520a0", "answers": [{"text": "1877", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people in the United States had a telephone by 1886?", "id": "56df97b838dc4217001520a1", "answers": [{"text": "150,000", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Bell get some of Edison's patents?", "id": "56df97b838dc4217001520a2", "answers": [{"text": "1879", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What addition let people stop yelling into the telephone?", "id": "56df97b838dc4217001520a3", "answers": [{"text": "carbon microphone", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company did Bell acquire the carbon microphone from?", "id": "56df97b838dc4217001520a4", "answers": [{"text": "Western Union", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Bell Telephone Company was created in 1877, and by 1886, more than 150,000 people in the U.S. owned telephones. Bell Company engineers made numerous other improvements to the telephone, which emerged as one of the most successful products ever. In 1879, the Bell company acquired Edison's patents for the carbon microphone from Western Union. This made the telephone practical for longer distances, and it was no longer necessary to shout to be heard at the receiving telephone."}], ["Walaupun Bell telah, dan masih lagi, dituduh mencuri telefon dari Grey, Bell menggunakan reka bentuk pemancar air Grey hanya selepas paten Bell telah diberikan, dan hanya sebagai bukti eksperimen saintifik konsep, untuk membuktikan kepuasannya sendiri yang dapat difahami \" ucapan \"(kata Bell) boleh dihantar secara elektrik. Selepas Mac 1876, Bell memberi tumpuan kepada meningkatkan telefon elektromagnetik dan tidak pernah menggunakan pemancar cecair Gray dalam demonstrasi awam atau penggunaan komersial. <> Bell menerapkan reka bentuk Grey sebagai apa? || bukti konsep <> Bell berhenti menggunakan kaedah berasaskan cecair selepas bulan berapa? || March <> Bell menggunakan reka bentuknya sendiri dalam semua demonstrasi awam dan apa? || kegunaan komersial", {"qas": [{"question": "Bell implemented Gray's design as a what?", "id": "56df930f38dc42170015206f", "answers": [{"text": "proof of concept", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bell stopped using the liquid-based method after what month?", "id": "56df930f38dc421700152070", "answers": [{"text": "March", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bell used his own design in all public demonstrations and what?", "id": "56df930f38dc421700152072", "answers": [{"text": "commercial use", "answer_start": 481}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although Bell was, and still is, accused of stealing the telephone from Gray, Bell used Gray's water transmitter design only after Bell's patent had been granted, and only as a proof of concept scientific experiment, to prove to his own satisfaction that intelligible \"articulate speech\" (Bell's words) could be electrically transmitted. After March 1876, Bell focused on improving the electromagnetic telephone and never used Gray's liquid transmitter in public demonstrations or commercial use."}], ["Pemeriksa paten, Zenas Fisk Wilber, kemudian menyatakan dalam afidavit bahawa dia adalah seorang alkohol yang banyak hutang kepada peguam Bell, Marcellus Bailey, dengan siapa dia telah berkhidmat dalam Perang Saudara. Dia mendakwa dia menunjukkan kaveat paten Grey kepada Bailey. Wilber juga mendakwa (selepas Bell tiba di Washington D.C dari Boston) bahawa dia menunjukkan peringatan Grey ke Bell dan Bell membayarnya $ 100. Bell mendakwa mereka membincangkan paten hanya secara umum, walaupun dalam surat kepada Grey, Bell mengakui bahawa dia belajar beberapa butiran teknikal. Bell dinafikan dengan afidavit bahawa dia pernah memberikan Wilber wang. <> Siapa yang mengisytiharkan dirinya seorang alkohol? || Zenas Fisk Wilber <> Dalam peperangan apakah Wilber dan Bailey bertempur bersama? || Perang Saudara <> Seberapa banyak Wilber mengatakan Bell memberinya untuk melihat kertas kerja Grey? || $ 100 <> Apa yang Bell hanya mengakui dengan mengetahui dalam satu surat? || butiran teknikal", {"qas": [{"question": "Who declared himself an alcoholic?", "id": "56df93a338dc421700152078", "answers": [{"text": "Zenas Fisk Wilber", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what war did Wilber and Bailey fight together?", "id": "56df93a338dc421700152079", "answers": [{"text": "Civil War", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did Wilber say Bell gave him in order to look at Gray's paperwork?", "id": "56df93a338dc42170015207a", "answers": [{"text": "$100", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Bell only admit to knowing in a letter?", "id": "56df93a338dc42170015207b", "answers": [{"text": "technical details", "answer_start": 518}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The patent examiner, Zenas Fisk Wilber, later stated in an affidavit that he was an alcoholic who was much in debt to Bell's lawyer, Marcellus Bailey, with whom he had served in the Civil War. He claimed he showed Gray's patent caveat to Bailey. Wilber also claimed (after Bell arrived in Washington D.C. from Boston) that he showed Gray's caveat to Bell and that Bell paid him $100. Bell claimed they discussed the patent only in general terms, although in a letter to Gray, Bell admitted that he learned some of the technical details. Bell denied in an affidavit that he ever gave Wilber any money."}], ["Seperti yang kadang-kadang biasa dalam penemuan saintifik, perkembangan serentak boleh berlaku, seperti yang dibuktikan oleh beberapa pencipta yang bekerja di telefon. Sepanjang tempoh 18 tahun, Bell Telephone Company menghadapi cabaran 587 mahkamah untuk paten-patennya, termasuk lima yang pergi ke Mahkamah Agung AS, tetapi tidak ada yang berjaya dalam menetapkan keutamaan paten Bell asal dan Bell Telephone Company tidak pernah kehilangan kes yang telah berjalan ke peringkat percubaan akhir. Nota makmal Bell dan surat-surat keluarga merupakan kunci untuk mewujudkan garis keturunan panjang kepada eksperimennya. Peguam-peguam syarikat Bell berjaya melancarkan tindakan undang-undang yang banyak yang dijana pada awalnya menghadapi cabaran-cabaran oleh Elisha Grey dan Amos Dolbear. Dalam surat peribadi kepada Bell, kedua-dua Grey dan Dolbear telah mengakui kerja terdahulu, yang jauh melemahkan tuntutan mereka kemudian. <> Selama berapa tahun undang-undang pertempuran Bell Syarikat? || 18 <> Berapa kali paten Bell dipertandingkan? || 587 <> Berapa banyak kes-kes mahkamah diselesaikan di Mahkamah Agung? || 5 <> Elisha Grey dan apa yang orang lain berada di belakang banyak kes mahkamah? || Amos Dolbear", {"qas": [{"question": "During how many years did the Bell Company battle lawsuits?", "id": "56df98d938dc4217001520b4", "answers": [{"text": "18", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times were Bell's patents contested?", "id": "56df98d938dc4217001520b5", "answers": [{"text": "587", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of the court cases wound up at the Supreme Court?", "id": "56df98d938dc4217001520b6", "answers": [{"text": "5", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Elisha Gray and what other man were behind many of the court cases?", "id": "56df98d938dc4217001520b8", "answers": [{"text": "Amos Dolbear", "answer_start": 713}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As is sometimes common in scientific discoveries, simultaneous developments can occur, as evidenced by a number of inventors who were at work on the telephone. Over a period of 18 years, the Bell Telephone Company faced 587 court challenges to its patents, including five that went to the U.S. Supreme Court, but none was successful in establishing priority over the original Bell patent and the Bell Telephone Company never lost a case that had proceeded to a final trial stage. Bell's laboratory notes and family letters were the key to establishing a long lineage to his experiments. The Bell company lawyers successfully fought off myriad lawsuits generated initially around the challenges by Elisha Gray and Amos Dolbear. In personal correspondence to Bell, both Gray and Dolbear had acknowledged his prior work, which considerably weakened their later claims."}], ["Melanjutkan eksperimennya di Brantford, Bell membawa pulang model kerja telefonnya. Pada 3 Ogos 1876, dari pejabat telegraf di Mount Pleasant lima kilometer (8 km) dari Brantford, Bell menghantar telegram sementara yang menunjukkan bahawa dia sudah siap. Dengan penonton yang bimbang yang berkumpul di pejabat sebagai saksi, suara-suara pengsan terdengar membalas. Pada malam berikutnya, dia kagum dengan tetamu dan keluarganya apabila mesej diterima di rumah Bell dari Brantford, empat kilometer (enam km) jauh, bersama-sama dengan dawai yang diperbaiki di sepanjang jalur telegraf dan pagar, dan dibentangkan melalui terowong. Kali ini, para tetamu di rumah itu dengan jelas mendengar orang-orang di Brantford membaca dan menyanyi. Eksperimen-eksperimen ini dengan jelas membuktikan bahawa telefon dapat berfungsi sepanjang jarak jauh. <> Dari bandar apa Bell menghantar mesej pertamanya? || Mount Pleasant <> Bell menghantar mesej melalui wayar yang disambungkan ke saluran telegraf dan apa? || Pagar <> Apakah kumpulan di rumah Bells mendengar orang lain melakukan? || membaca dan menyanyi", {"qas": [{"question": "From what city did Bell send his first message?", "id": "56df94574a1a83140091eb74", "answers": [{"text": "Mount Pleasant", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bell sent messages over wires hooked onto telegraph lines and what?", "id": "56df94574a1a83140091eb77", "answers": [{"text": "fences", "answer_start": 565}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the group at the Bells house hear other people doing?", "id": "56df94574a1a83140091eb78", "answers": [{"text": "reading and singing", "answer_start": 672}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Continuing his experiments in Brantford, Bell brought home a working model of his telephone. On August 3, 1876, from the telegraph office in Mount Pleasant five miles (eight km) away from Brantford, Bell sent a tentative telegram indicating that he was ready. With curious onlookers packed into the office as witnesses, faint voices were heard replying. The following night, he amazed guests as well as his family when a message was received at the Bell home from Brantford, four miles (six km) distant, along an improvised wire strung up along telegraph lines and fences, and laid through a tunnel. This time, guests at the household distinctly heard people in Brantford reading and singing. These experiments clearly proved that the telephone could work over long distances."}], ["Persoalan keutamaan untuk ciri rintangan ubahsuaian telefon telah dibangkitkan oleh pemeriksa sebelum dia meluluskan permohonan paten Bell. Dia memberitahu Bell bahawa tuntutannya terhadap ciri rintangan ubahsuaian juga diterangkan dalam peringatan Grey. Bell menunjuk kepada peranti rintangan yang berubah-ubah dalam aplikasi sebelum Bell di mana Bell menggambarkan cawan raksa, bukan air. Bell telah memfailkan permohonan merkuri di pejabat paten tahun sebelumnya pada 25 Februari 1875, lama sebelum Elisha Gray menerangkan peranti air itu. Di samping itu, Gray meninggalkan kaveatnya, dan kerana dia tidak memperjuangkan keutamaan Bell, pemeriksa itu meluluskan paten Bell pada 3 Mac 1876. Gray telah mencipta semula telefon rintangan yang berubah-ubah, tetapi Bell adalah yang pertama menulis idea itu dan yang pertama mengujinya melalui telefon. <> Apa bahagian telefon yang disiasat oleh pegawai paten? || rintangan berubah-ubah <> Bilakah Bell dimasukkan ke dalam paten terdahulu? || 25 Februari 1875 <> Apa cecair yang digunakan Bell dalam permohonan pertamanya? || merkuri", {"qas": [{"question": "What part of the telephone was investigated by the patent officer?", "id": "56df93124a1a83140091eb62", "answers": [{"text": "variable resistance", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Bell put in his prior patent?", "id": "56df93124a1a83140091eb63", "answers": [{"text": "February 25, 1875", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What liquid did Bell use in his first application?", "id": "56df93124a1a83140091eb64", "answers": [{"text": "mercury", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The question of priority for the variable resistance feature of the telephone was raised by the examiner before he approved Bell's patent application. He told Bell that his claim for the variable resistance feature was also described in Gray's caveat. Bell pointed to a variable resistance device in Bell's previous application in which Bell described a cup of mercury, not water. Bell had filed the mercury application at the patent office a year earlier on February 25, 1875, long before Elisha Gray described the water device. In addition, Gray abandoned his caveat, and because he did not contest Bell's priority, the examiner approved Bell's patent on March 3, 1876. Gray had reinvented the variable resistance telephone, but Bell was the first to write down the idea and the first to test it in a telephone."}], ["Rumah keluarga Bell berada di Cambridge, Massachusetts, sehingga tahun 1880 apabila bapa mertu Bell membeli sebuah rumah di Washington, DC, dan kemudiannya pada tahun 1882 membeli sebuah rumah di bandar yang sama untuk keluarga Bell, supaya mereka boleh bersamanya sementara beliau menghadiri pelbagai kes mahkamah yang melibatkan pertikaian paten. <> Dalam tahun berapa ayah Mabel berpindah ke Washington D.C.? || 1880 <> Pada tahun apakah Bell memperoleh sebuah rumah di D.C.? || 1882 <> Di mana Bell dan Mabel tinggal sebelum 1880? || Cambridge, Massachusetts <> Apa Bell perlu pergi ke mahkamah untuk di D.C.? || pertikaian paten", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Mabel's father move to Washington D.C.?", "id": "56dfa0c238dc421700152130", "answers": [{"text": "1880", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Bell acquire a house in D.C.?", "id": "56dfa0c238dc421700152131", "answers": [{"text": "1882", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Bell and Mabel live before 1880?", "id": "56dfa0c238dc421700152133", "answers": [{"text": "Cambridge, Massachusetts", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Bell have to go to court for in D.C.?", "id": "56dfa0c238dc421700152134", "answers": [{"text": "patent disputes", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Bell family home was in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until 1880 when Bell's father-in-law bought a house in Washington, D.C., and later in 1882 bought a home in the same city for Bell's family, so that they could be with him while he attended to the numerous court cases involving patent disputes."}], ["Bell adalah subjek British sepanjang hayatnya di Scotland dan kemudiannya di Kanada sehingga tahun 1882, ketika ia menjadi warganegara asli Amerika Syarikat. Pada tahun 1915, beliau mencirikan statusnya sebagai: \"Saya bukan salah seorang daripada orang Amerika yang bersenjata yang menuntut kesetiaan kepada dua negara.\" Walaupun perisytiharan ini, Bell dengan bangganya dituntut sebagai \"anak lelakinya\" oleh ketiga-tiga negara yang beliau tinggal di: Amerika Syarikat, Kanada, dan United Kingdom. <> Dalam tahun apakah Bell secara rasmi menjadi orang Amerika? || 1882 <> Apa kewarganegaraan asal Bell? || British <> Selain AS dan UK, apa negara lain yang mendakwa Bell sebagai warganegara? || Kanada <> Apa Bell memanggil orang yang warganegara dua negara? || bersudut", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Bell officially become an American?", "id": "56dfa18f4a1a83140091ebca", "answers": [{"text": "1882", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Bell's original nationality?", "id": "56dfa18f4a1a83140091ebcb", "answers": [{"text": "British", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides the US and UK, what other country claims Bell as a citizen?", "id": "56dfa18f4a1a83140091ebcd", "answers": [{"text": "Canada", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Bell call people who are citizens of two countries?", "id": "56dfa18f4a1a83140091ebce", "answers": [{"text": "hyphenated", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bell was a British subject throughout his early life in Scotland and later in Canada until 1882, when he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. In 1915, he characterized his status as: \"I am not one of those hyphenated Americans who claim allegiance to two countries.\" Despite this declaration, Bell has been proudly claimed as a \"native son\" by all three countries he resided in: the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom."}], ["Bell bekerja secara meluas dalam penyelidikan perubatan dan mencipta teknik untuk mengajar ucapan kepada orang pekak. Semasa tempoh Makmal Volta, Bell dan rakan-rakannya dianggap mengagumkan medan magnet pada rekod sebagai cara mereproduksi bunyi. Walaupun trio itu secara ringkas bereksperimen dengan konsep itu, mereka tidak dapat membangunkan prototaip yang boleh dilaksanakan. Mereka meninggalkan idea itu, tidak pernah menyedari bahawa mereka telah melihat prinsip dasar yang pada suatu hari dapat mencari aplikasinya dalam perakam pita, cakera keras dan pemacu cakera liut dan media magnet lain. <> Makmal yang terkenal apa Bell menghabiskan masa untuk bekerja? || Volta <> Apakah jenis tenaga yang dilakukan Bell di Makmal Volta? || magnet <> Medan magnet adalah sebahagian daripada perakam jenis apa? || pita perakam", {"qas": [{"question": "What famous lab did Bell spend time working for?", "id": "56dfa6747aa994140058df8f", "answers": [{"text": "Volta", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of energy did Bell investigate at the Volta Laboratory?", "id": "56dfa6747aa994140058df90", "answers": [{"text": "magnetic", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The magnetic field is part of what sort of recorder?", "id": "56dfa6747aa994140058df91", "answers": [{"text": "tape recorder", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bell worked extensively in medical research and invented techniques for teaching speech to the deaf. During his Volta Laboratory period, Bell and his associates considered impressing a magnetic field on a record as a means of reproducing sound. Although the trio briefly experimented with the concept, they could not develop a workable prototype. They abandoned the idea, never realizing they had glimpsed a basic principle which would one day find its application in the tape recorder, the hard disc and floppy disc drive and other magnetic media."}], ["Sehingga akhir hayatnya, Bell dan keluarganya akan bergilir-gilir antara kedua-dua rumah itu, tetapi Beinn Bhreagh akan, selama 30 tahun akan datang, menjadi lebih daripada sebuah rumah musim panas apabila Bell menjadi begitu terserap dalam eksperimen-eksperimennya yang menstabilkan tahunannya. Kedua-dua Mabel dan Bell menjadi tenggelam di dalam masyarakat Baddeck dan diterima oleh penduduk kampung sebagai \"mereka sendiri\". [22] Bells masih tinggal di Beinn Bhreagh apabila Letupan Halifax berlaku pada 6 Disember 1917. Mabel dan Bell digerakkan komuniti untuk membantu mangsa di Halifax. <> Di manakah Bells hidup apabila Letupan Halifax berlaku? || Beinn Bhreagh <> Pada hari apakah Halifax Letupan berlaku? || 6 Disember 1917 <> Antara dua rumah mereka yang mana Bells mula menghabiskan lebih banyak masa sebagai Bell berusia? || Beinn Bhreagh <> Kota mana yang mengadopsi Bells? || Baddeck <> Apa yang Bells lakukan untuk membantu mangsa di Halifax? || mobilisasi masyarakat", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did the Bells live when the Halifax Explosion happened?", "id": "56dfa545231d4119001abc3d", "answers": [{"text": "Beinn Bhreagh", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day did the Halifax Explosion happen?", "id": "56dfa545231d4119001abc3e", "answers": [{"text": "December 6, 1917", "answer_start": 454}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of their two homes did the Bells start spending more time as Bell aged?", "id": "56dfa545231d4119001abc3f", "answers": [{"text": "Beinn Bhreagh", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city adopted the Bells?", "id": "56dfa545231d4119001abc40", "answers": [{"text": "Baddeck", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Bells do to help the victims in Halifax?", "id": "56dfa545231d4119001abc41", "answers": [{"text": "mobilized the community", "answer_start": 487}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Until the end of his life, Bell and his family would alternate between the two homes, but Beinn Bhreagh would, over the next 30 years, become more than a summer home as Bell became so absorbed in his experiments that his annual stays lengthened. Both Mabel and Bell became immersed in the Baddeck community and were accepted by the villagers as \"their own\".[N 22] The Bells were still in residence at Beinn Bhreagh when the Halifax Explosion occurred on December 6, 1917. Mabel and Bell mobilized the community to help victims in Halifax."}], ["Pada 11 Julai 1877, beberapa hari selepas Bell Telephone Company ditubuhkan, Bell berkahwin dengan Mabel Hubbard (1857-1923) di estet Hubbard di Cambridge, Massachusetts. Hadiah perkahwinannya kepada pengantin perempuannya adalah untuk menyerahkan 1,487 daripada 1,497 sahamnya dalam Syarikat Telefon Bell yang baru terbentuk. Tidak lama selepas itu, pengantin wanita memulakan berbulan madu sepanjang tahun di Eropah. Semasa lawatan itu, Bell mengambil model buatan tangan telefonnya dengannya, menjadikannya \"percutian kerja\". Kehidupan pacaran telah bermula lebih awal; Walau bagaimanapun, Bell menunggu sehingga dia lebih selamat dari segi kewangan sebelum berkahwin. Walaupun telefon itu kelihatan sebagai kejayaan \"segera\", ia bukan pada awalnya merupakan usaha yang menguntungkan dan sumber pendapatan utama Bell adalah dari kuliah sehingga selepas 1897. Satu permintaan luar biasa yang dituntut oleh tunangnya adalah bahawa dia menggunakan \"Alec\" daripada keluarga nama sebelum ini dikenali sebagai \"Aleck\". Dari tahun 1876, dia akan menandatangani namanya \"Alec Bell\". Mereka mempunyai empat anak: <> Siapa yang Bell berkahwin pada tahun 1877? || Mabel Hubbard <> Berapa ramai kanak-kanak melakukan Bell dan Mabel? || 4 <> Di mana Bell dan isterinya pergi pada bulan madu mereka? || Eropah <> Sebelum tahun 1897, apa yang dilakukan oleh Bell daripada kebanyakan wangnya? || ceramah", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Bell marry in 1877?", "id": "56dfa0414a1a83140091ebac", "answers": [{"text": "Mabel Hubbard", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many children did Bell and Mabel have?", "id": "56dfa0414a1a83140091ebad", "answers": [{"text": "4", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Bell and his wife go on their honeymoon?", "id": "56dfa0414a1a83140091ebae", "answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Before 1897, what did Bell get most of his money from?", "id": "56dfa0414a1a83140091ebb0", "answers": [{"text": "lectures", "answer_start": 736}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On July 11, 1877, a few days after the Bell Telephone Company was established, Bell married Mabel Hubbard (1857\u20131923) at the Hubbard estate in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His wedding present to his bride was to turn over 1,487 of his 1,497 shares in the newly formed Bell Telephone Company. Shortly thereafter, the newlyweds embarked on a year-long honeymoon in Europe. During that excursion, Bell took a handmade model of his telephone with him, making it a \"working holiday\". The courtship had begun years earlier; however, Bell waited until he was more financially secure before marrying. Although the telephone appeared to be an \"instant\" success, it was not initially a profitable venture and Bell's main sources of income were from lectures until after 1897. One unusual request exacted by his fianc\u00e9e was that he use \"Alec\" rather than the family's earlier familiar name of \"Aleck\". From 1876, he would sign his name \"Alec Bell\". They had four children:"}], ["Walaupun Alexander Graham Bell paling sering dikaitkan dengan ciptaan telefon, minatnya sangat berbeza. Menurut salah seorang ahli biografinya, Charlotte Grey, karya Bell itu berkisar \"tidak tersebar di seluruh landskap saintifik\" dan dia sering pergi ke tempat tidur dengan penuh membaca Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, menjelajahinya untuk kepentingan baru. Pelbagai genius inventif Bell dilambangkan hanya sebahagiannya oleh 18 paten yang diberikan dalam namanya sendiri dan 12 dia berkongsi dengan kolaboratornya. Ini termasuk 14 untuk telefon dan telegraf, empat untuk fotophone, satu untuk ponograf, lima untuk kenderaan udara, empat untuk \"hidro pesawat\" dan dua untuk sel selenium. Ciptaan Bell merangkumi pelbagai minat dan termasuk jaket logam untuk membantu bernafas, audiometer untuk mengesan masalah pendengaran kecil, peranti untuk mencari aisberi, penyiasatan mengenai cara memisahkan garam dari air laut, dan mencari bahan bakar alternatif. <> Apa siri buku Gray mengatakan Bell akan tidur membaca? || Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica <> Berapa banyak paten solo yang dilakukan oleh Bell? || 18 <> Berapa banyak paten yang dilakukan oleh penulis Bell? || 12", {"qas": [{"question": "What series of books does Gray say Bell would go to sleep reading?", "id": "56dfa5ca7aa994140058df86", "answers": [{"text": "Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many solo patents did Bell get?", "id": "56dfa5ca7aa994140058df87", "answers": [{"text": "18", "answer_start": 432}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many patents did Bell co-author?", "id": "56dfa5ca7aa994140058df88", "answers": [{"text": "12", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although Alexander Graham Bell is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, his interests were extremely varied. According to one of his biographers, Charlotte Gray, Bell's work ranged \"unfettered across the scientific landscape\" and he often went to bed voraciously reading the Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, scouring it for new areas of interest. The range of Bell's inventive genius is represented only in part by the 18 patents granted in his name alone and the 12 he shared with his collaborators. These included 14 for the telephone and telegraph, four for the photophone, one for the phonograph, five for aerial vehicles, four for \"hydroairplanes\" and two for selenium cells. Bell's inventions spanned a wide range of interests and included a metal jacket to assist in breathing, the audiometer to detect minor hearing problems, a device to locate icebergs, investigations on how to separate salt from seawater, and work on finding alternative fuels."}], ["Nilai paten Bell diakui di seluruh dunia, dan aplikasi paten dibuat di kebanyakan negara utama, tetapi apabila Bell telah menangguhkan permohonan paten Jerman, firma elektrik Siemens & Halske (S & H) berjaya menubuhkan pengeluar saingan Telefon Bell di bawah paten mereka sendiri. Syarikat Siemens menghasilkan salinan yang hampir sama dari telefon Bell tanpa perlu membayar royalti. Penubuhan International Telephone Telephone Company di Brussels, Belgium pada tahun 1880, serta beberapa perjanjian di negara lain akhirnya menyatukan operasi telefon global. Ketegangan yang dikenakan oleh Bell dengan penampilannya yang berterusan di mahkamah, yang diperlukan oleh pertempuran undang-undang, akhirnya mengakibatkan perletakan jawatannya dari syarikat. [N 19] <> Oleh kerana paten mereka, apa yang tidak perlu diberikan oleh Siemens & Halske? || royalti <> Apa bandar kediaman untuk Syarikat Telefon Bell Antarabangsa? || Brussels <> Pada tahun apakah Syarikat Antarabangsa Bell Telephone diasaskan? || 1880", {"qas": [{"question": "Because of their patent, what didn't Siemens & Halske have to give Bell?", "id": "56df9f954a1a83140091eba4", "answers": [{"text": "royalties", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the home city for the International Bell Telephone Company?", "id": "56df9f954a1a83140091eba5", "answers": [{"text": "Brussels", "answer_start": 483}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the International Bell Telephone Company founded?", "id": "56df9f954a1a83140091eba6", "answers": [{"text": "1880", "answer_start": 504}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The value of the Bell patent was acknowledged throughout the world, and patent applications were made in most major countries, but when Bell had delayed the German patent application, the electrical firm of Siemens & Halske (S&H) managed to set up a rival manufacturer of Bell telephones under their own patent. The Siemens company produced near-identical copies of the Bell telephone without having to pay royalties. The establishment of the International Bell Telephone Company in Brussels, Belgium in 1880, as well as a series of agreements in other countries eventually consolidated a global telephone operation. The strain put on Bell by his constant appearances in court, necessitated by the legal battles, eventually resulted in his resignation from the company.[N 19]"}], ["Menjelang 1885, satu musim panas yang baru ditinjau. Musim panas itu, Bells bercuti di Pulau Cape Breton di Nova Scotia, menghabiskan masa di kampung kecil Baddeck. Kembali pada tahun 1886, Bell mula membina ladang di seberang dari Baddeck, menghadap ke Bras d'Or Lake. Pada tahun 1889, sebuah rumah besar, dibaptis The Lodge telah selesai dan dua tahun kemudian, kompleks bangunan yang lebih besar, termasuk makmal baru, telah bermula bahawa Bells akan menamakan Beinn Bhreagh (gunung Gaelic: gunung yang indah) N 21] Bell juga membina Bell Boatyard di estet itu, menggunakan sehingga 40 orang yang membangun kraf percubaan serta lifeboat perang dan bot kerja untuk Tentera Laut Diraja Kanada dan kraf kesenangan untuk keluarga Bell. Seorang peminat yang bersemangat, Bell dan keluarganya berlayar atau mengayuh siri panjang kapal di Bras d'Or Lake, mengarahkan kapal tambahan dari H.W. Permaidani dan Sons di Port Hawkesbury, Nova Scotia. Pada akhirnya, dan beberapa tahun yang paling produktifnya, Bell memisahkan kediamannya di Washington, D.C., di mana dia dan keluarganya pada awalnya tinggal di sepanjang tahun, dan di Beinn Bhreagh di mana mereka menghabiskan masa yang semakin meningkat. <> Apa Pulau di Nova Scotia melakukan Bells pada tahun 1885? || Pulau Breton <> Pada tahun 1886, tasik apa Bell mula membina sebuah rumah berhampiran? || Bras d'Or <> Apakah Bells memanggil rumah siap pada tahun 1889? || The Lodge <> Berapa banyak orang yang bekerja untuk Bell Boatyard? || 40", {"qas": [{"question": "What Island in Nova Scotia did the Bells go to in 1885?", "id": "56dfa2804a1a83140091ebe8", "answers": [{"text": "Breton Island", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1886, what lake did Bell start building a house near?", "id": "56dfa2804a1a83140091ebe9", "answers": [{"text": "Bras d'Or", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Bells call the house completed in 1889?", "id": "56dfa2804a1a83140091ebea", "answers": [{"text": "The Lodge", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people worked for the Bell Boatyard?", "id": "56dfa2804a1a83140091ebec", "answers": [{"text": "40", "answer_start": 615}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By 1885, a new summer retreat was contemplated. That summer, the Bells had a vacation on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, spending time at the small village of Baddeck. Returning in 1886, Bell started building an estate on a point across from Baddeck, overlooking Bras d'Or Lake. By 1889, a large house, christened The Lodge was completed and two years later, a larger complex of buildings, including a new laboratory, were begun that the Bells would name Beinn Bhreagh (Gaelic: beautiful mountain) after Bell's ancestral Scottish highlands.[N 21] Bell also built the Bell Boatyard on the estate, employing up to 40 people building experimental craft as well as wartime lifeboats and workboats for the Royal Canadian Navy and pleasure craft for the Bell family. An enthusiastic boater, Bell and his family sailed or rowed a long series of vessels on Bras d'Or Lake, ordering additional vessels from the H.W. Embree and Sons boatyard in Port Hawkesbury, Nova Scotia. In his final, and some of his most productive years, Bell split his residency between Washington, D.C., where he and his family initially resided for most of the year, and at Beinn Bhreagh where they spent increasing amounts of time."}], ["Pada 13 Januari 1887, U, S. Kerajaan berpindah untuk membatalkan paten yang dikeluarkan kepada Bell atas dasar penipuan dan salah nyataan. Selepas satu siri keputusan dan pembalikan, syarikat Bell memenangi keputusan di Mahkamah Agung, walaupun beberapa tuntutan asal dari kes mahkamah rendah tidak dapat dibatalkan. Pada masa percubaan itu berakhir dengan sembilan tahun pertarungan undang-undang, pendakwa AS telah meninggal dunia dan dua paten Bell (No. 174,465 bertarikh 7 Mac 1876 dan No. 186,787 bertarikh 30 Januari 1877) tidak lagi dalam walaupun hakim-hakim yang mempengerusikan bersetuju untuk meneruskan prosiding itu kerana kepentingannya sebagai \"preseden\". Dengan perubahan dalam pentadbiran dan pertuduhan konflik kepentingan (di kedua-dua belah pihak) yang timbul daripada percubaan asal, Peguam Negara AS menjatuhkan tuntutan itu pada 30 November 1897 meninggalkan beberapa isu yang tidak dapat diputuskan pada merit. <> Pada 1887 Kerajaan AS ingin membatalkan paten Bell akibat penipuan dan apa? || salah nyatakan <> Kerajaan Amerika Syarikat telah kehilangan tawaran untuk membatalkan paten Bell di mana pengadilan? || Mahkamah Agung <> Berapa tahun Bell dan Kerajaan AS berperang di mahkamah? || 9 <> Apakah alasan yang ada bagi hakim-hakim dalam perbicaraan walaupun hak paten telah tamat? || duluan <> Pada tarikh apakah Kerajaan AS menghentikan tindakan undang-undang? || 30 November 1897", {"qas": [{"question": "In 1887 the US Government wanted to undo Bell's patent due to fraud and what?", "id": "56df9ad738dc4217001520c6", "answers": [{"text": "misrepresentation", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The US Government lost the bid to overturn Bell's patent in what court?", "id": "56df9ad738dc4217001520c7", "answers": [{"text": "Supreme Court", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many years did Bell and the US Government fight in court?", "id": "56df9ad738dc4217001520c8", "answers": [{"text": "9", "answer_start": 845}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What excuse did the judges have for the trial despite the fact that the patents had expired?", "id": "56df9ad738dc4217001520c9", "answers": [{"text": "precedent", "answer_start": 654}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did the US Government stop legal action?", "id": "56df9ad738dc4217001520ca", "answers": [{"text": "November 30, 1897", "answer_start": 830}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On January 13, 1887, the U,S. Government moved to annul the patent issued to Bell on the grounds of fraud and misrepresentation. After a series of decisions and reversals, the Bell company won a decision in the Supreme Court, though a couple of the original claims from the lower court cases were left undecided. By the time that the trial wound its way through nine years of legal battles, the U.S. prosecuting attorney had died and the two Bell patents (No. 174,465 dated March 7, 1876 and No. 186,787 dated January 30, 1877) were no longer in effect, although the presiding judges agreed to continue the proceedings due to the case's importance as a \"precedent\". With a change in administration and charges of conflict of interest (on both sides) arising from the original trial, the US Attorney General dropped the lawsuit on November 30, 1897 leaving several issues undecided on the merits."}], ["Semasa pemecatan yang difailkan untuk perbicaraan 1887, pencipta Itali, Antonio Meucci juga mendakwa telah mencipta model kerja pertama telefon di Itali pada tahun 1834. Pada tahun 1886, dalam yang pertama dari tiga kes di mana dia terlibat, Meucci mengambil pendirian sebagai seorang saksi dengan harapan untuk mewujudkan keutamaan ciptaannya. Bukti Meucci dalam kes ini dipertikaikan kerana kekurangan bukti material untuk ciptaannya kerana model kerjanya dikatakan hilang di laboratorium American District Telegraph (ADT) New York, yang kemudiannya digabungkan sebagai anak syarikat Western Union pada tahun 1901 Kerja Meucci, seperti pencipta lain pada masa itu, berdasarkan prinsip akustik terdahulu dan walaupun bukti eksperimen terdahulu, kes muktamad yang melibatkan Meucci akhirnya jatuh atas kematian Meucci. Bagaimanapun, hasil usaha Kongres Vito Fossella, Dewan Perwakilan AS pada 11 Jun 2002 menyatakan bahawa \"kerja dalam penemuan telefon itu harus diakui\", walaupun ini tidak mengakhiri masalah yang masih bertentangan . [N 17] Sesetengah sarjana moden tidak bersetuju dengan tuntutan bahawa kerja Bell di telefon dipengaruhi oleh ciptaan Meucci. [N 18] <> Siapa yang mendakwa telah mencipta pada tahun 1834? || Antonio Meucci <> Berapa banyak ujian mahkamah yang dilakukan oleh Meucci? || 3 <> Di mana syarikat itu telah menjadi prototaip Meucci? || Telegraph District of America (ADT) <> Dalam tahun apakah Western Union menyerap ADT? || 1901 <> Apakah kejadian yang menyebabkan percubaan Meucci jatuh? || kematian", {"qas": [{"question": "Who claimed to have invented the in 1834?", "id": "56df9dbd4a1a83140091eb98", "answers": [{"text": "Antonio Meucci", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many court trials did Meucci participate in?", "id": "56df9dbd4a1a83140091eb99", "answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what company were Meucci's prototypes supposedly lost?", "id": "56df9dbd4a1a83140091eb9a", "answers": [{"text": "American District Telegraph (ADT)", "answer_start": 480}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Western Union absorb ADT?", "id": "56df9dbd4a1a83140091eb9b", "answers": [{"text": "1901", "answer_start": 592}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What event caused Meucci's trials to be dropped?", "id": "56df9dbd4a1a83140091eb9c", "answers": [{"text": "death", "answer_start": 809}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During a deposition filed for the 1887 trial, Italian inventor Antonio Meucci also claimed to have created the first working model of a telephone in Italy in 1834. In 1886, in the first of three cases in which he was involved, Meucci took the stand as a witness in the hopes of establishing his invention's priority. Meucci's evidence in this case was disputed due to a lack of material evidence for his inventions as his working models were purportedly lost at the laboratory of American District Telegraph (ADT) of New York, which was later incorporated as a subsidiary of Western Union in 1901. Meucci's work, like many other inventors of the period, was based on earlier acoustic principles and despite evidence of earlier experiments, the final case involving Meucci was eventually dropped upon Meucci's death. However, due to the efforts of Congressman Vito Fossella, the U.S. House of Representatives on June 11, 2002 stated that Meucci's \"work in the invention of the telephone should be acknowledged\", even though this did not put an end to a still contentious issue.[N 17] Some modern scholars do not agree with the claims that Bell's work on the telephone was influenced by Meucci's inventions.[N 18]"}], ["Pada tahun 1898, Bell bereksperimen dengan layang-layang dan sayap kotak tetrahedral yang dibina daripada pelbagai layang-layang layang tetrahedral yang diliputi dalam sutera merah. [N 23] Sayap tetrahedral dinamakan Cygnet I, II dan III, dan diterbangkan kedua-dua orang yang tidak berawak dan berkebun (Cygnet I terhempas semasa sebuah penerbangan yang membawa Selfridge) dalam tempoh 1907-1912. Beberapa layang-layang Bell dipamerkan di Tapak Sejarah Nasional Alexander Graham Bell. <> Apa warna sutera yang ditutupi layang-layang Bell? || maroon <> Siapa yang berada di Cygnet I ketika ia jatuh? || Selfridge <> Kit Bell diterbangkan dari tahun 1907 ke tahun apakah? || 1912 <> Berapa banyak sayap tetrahedral yang dibuat oleh Bell? || 3 <> Beberapa layang-layang kekal di Tapak Sejarah Nasional? || Alexander Graham Bell", {"qas": [{"question": "What color silk covered Bell's kites?", "id": "56dfb5977aa994140058e02b", "answers": [{"text": "maroon", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was on Cygnet I when it crashed?", "id": "56dfb5977aa994140058e02c", "answers": [{"text": "Selfridge", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bell's kits were flown from 1907 to what year?", "id": "56dfb5977aa994140058e02d", "answers": [{"text": "1912", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many tetrahedral wings did Bell create?", "id": "56dfb5977aa994140058e02e", "answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some of the kites remain at what National Historic Site?", "id": "56dfb5977aa994140058e02f", "answers": [{"text": "Alexander Graham Bell", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1898, Bell experimented with tetrahedral box kites and wings constructed of multiple compound tetrahedral kites covered in maroon silk.[N 23] The tetrahedral wings were named Cygnet I, II and III, and were flown both unmanned and manned (Cygnet I crashed during a flight carrying Selfridge) in the period from 1907\u20131912. Some of Bell's kites are on display at the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site."}], ["Rumah Bell sendiri menggunakan bentuk penyaman udara primitif, di mana para peminat meniup arus udara melintasi blok besar ais. Beliau juga menjangkakan kebimbangan moden dengan kekurangan bahan api dan pencemaran industri. Gas metana, menurutnya, boleh dihasilkan dari pembaziran ladang dan kilang. Di estet Kanadanya di Nova Scotia, dia bereksperimen dengan tandas komposit dan peranti untuk menangkap air dari atmosfera. Dalam wawancara majalah yang diterbitkan sejurus sebelum kematiannya, beliau mencerminkan kemungkinan menggunakan panel solar untuk memanaskan rumah. <> Apakah bentuk air yang dimainkan dalam sistem pendinginan rumah Bell? || ais <> Apa pendapat Bell boleh dikumpulkan dari produk ladang dan kilang? || Gas metana <> Apa jenis tandas yang berfungsi Bell? || pengkomposan <> Betul sebelum kematiannya, jenis tenaga yang dia spekulasi? || solar", {"qas": [{"question": "What form of water played a part in Bell's home cooling system?", "id": "56dfa7277aa994140058df9f", "answers": [{"text": "ice", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Bell think could be collected from farm and factory byproduct?", "id": "56dfa7277aa994140058dfa0", "answers": [{"text": "Methane gas", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of toilet did Bell work on?", "id": "56dfa7277aa994140058dfa1", "answers": [{"text": "composting", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Right before his death, what kind of energy did he speculate about?", "id": "56dfa7277aa994140058dfa2", "answers": [{"text": "solar", "answer_start": 517}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bell's own home used a primitive form of air conditioning, in which fans blew currents of air across great blocks of ice. He also anticipated modern concerns with fuel shortages and industrial pollution. Methane gas, he reasoned, could be produced from the waste of farms and factories. At his Canadian estate in Nova Scotia, he experimented with composting toilets and devices to capture water from the atmosphere. In a magazine interview published shortly before his death, he reflected on the possibility of using solar panels to heat houses."}], ["Pada 21 Jun 1880, pembantu Bell menghantar mesej telefon suara wayarles jarak jauh, dari bumbung Franklin School di Washington, DC, ke Bell di tingkap makmalnya, kira-kira 213 meter (700 kaki) jauhnya, 19 tahun sebelum penghantaran radio suara pertama. <> Bell dan pembantunya mula menggunakan photophone mereka pada tarikh apa? || 21 Jun 1880 <> Berapa kaki kaki menghantar mesej photophone pertama? || 700 <> Dari bangunan apa yang dihantar mesej photophone pertama? || Franklin School <> Berapa tahun selepas mesej photophone ini mesej pertama berlaku di radio? || 19", {"qas": [{"question": "Bell and his assistant first used their photophone on what date?", "id": "56dfae9c7aa994140058dfdb", "answers": [{"text": "June 21, 1880", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many feet did the first photophone message travel?", "id": "56dfae9c7aa994140058dfdc", "answers": [{"text": "700", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what building was the first photophone message sent?", "id": "56dfae9c7aa994140058dfde", "answers": [{"text": "Franklin School", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many years after this photophone message would the first message take place over radio?", "id": "56dfae9c7aa994140058dfdf", "answers": [{"text": "19", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On June 21, 1880, Bell's assistant transmitted a wireless voice telephone message a considerable distance, from the roof of the Franklin School in Washington, D.C., to Bell at the window of his laboratory, some 213 metres (700 ft) away, 19 years before the first voice radio transmissions."}], ["Bell dan pembantunya Charles Sumner Tainter bersama-sama mencipta sebuah telefon tanpa wayar, bernama sebuah fotophone, yang membolehkan transmisi kedua-dua bunyi dan perbualan manusia normal pada rasuk cahaya. Kedua-dua lelaki ini kemudiannya menjadi rakan kongsi penuh dalam Persatuan Makmal Volta. <> Apa Bell memanggil telefon tanpa kabelnya? || photophone <> Siapa yang Bell menyimpan telefon bebas kabel dengan? || Charles Sumner Tainter <> Apa penggunaan telefon tanpa wayar Bell untuk menghantar mesej? || cahaya <> Apa persatuan lab yang dilakukan Bell dan Tainter kedua-duanya akhirnya bergabung? || Persatuan Makmal Volta <> Dalam photophone, cahaya membawa bunyi dan apa? || perbualan manusia biasa", {"qas": [{"question": "What did Bell call his cord-free phone?", "id": "56dfae017aa994140058dfd1", "answers": [{"text": "photophone", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Bell invent the cord-free phone with?", "id": "56dfae017aa994140058dfd2", "answers": [{"text": "Charles Sumner Tainter", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Bell's cord-free phone use to transmit messages?", "id": "56dfae017aa994140058dfd3", "answers": [{"text": "light", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What lab association did Bell and Tainter both eventually join?", "id": "56dfae017aa994140058dfd4", "answers": [{"text": "Volta Laboratory Association", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the photophone, light carried sound and what?", "id": "56dfae017aa994140058dfd5", "answers": [{"text": "normal human conversations", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bell and his assistant Charles Sumner Tainter jointly invented a wireless telephone, named a photophone, which allowed for the transmission of both sounds and normal human conversations on a beam of light. Both men later became full associates in the Volta Laboratory Association."}], ["Bell percaya prinsip fotophone adalah \"pencapaian terbesar\" hidupnya, memberitahu seorang wartawan sejurus sebelum kematiannya bahawa fotophone adalah \"rekaan terbesar yang pernah saya buat, lebih besar daripada telefon\". Fotophone itu merupakan pelopor kepada sistem komunikasi optik gentian yang mencapai penggunaan di seluruh dunia pada tahun 1980-an. Paten induk dikeluarkan pada bulan Disember 1880, beberapa dekad sebelum prinsip fotophone menjadi popular. <> Apa Bell memanggil perkara terbaik yang pernah dibuatnya? || The photophone <> Bell menganggap fotophone adalah lebih baik daripada apa ciptaan yang terkenal? || telefon <> Apa teknologi moden yang mengambil langkah seterusnya dari fotophone? || komunikasi optik serat <> Bilakah optik gentian pertama dipatenkan? || 1880 <> Dalam apa dekad apa optik serat digunakan secara meluas? || 1980-an", {"qas": [{"question": "What did Bell call the best thing he ever made?", "id": "56dfafa2231d4119001abc6f", "answers": [{"text": "The photophone", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bell thought the photophone was better than what famous invention?", "id": "56dfafa2231d4119001abc70", "answers": [{"text": "telephone", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What modern technology takes the next step from the photophone?", "id": "56dfafa2231d4119001abc71", "answers": [{"text": "fiber-optic communication", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was fiber-optics first patented?", "id": "56dfafa2231d4119001abc72", "answers": [{"text": "1880", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what decade did fiber-optics become widely used?", "id": "56dfafa2231d4119001abc73", "answers": [{"text": "1980s", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bell believed the photophone's principles were his life's \"greatest achievement\", telling a reporter shortly before his death that the photophone was \"the greatest invention [I have] ever made, greater than the telephone\". The photophone was a precursor to the fiber-optic communication systems which achieved popular worldwide usage in the 1980s. Its master patent was issued in December 1880, many decades before the photophone's principles came into popular use."}], ["Bell juga dikreditkan dengan membangun salah satu daripada versi awal pengesan logam pada tahun 1881. Peranti ini dengan cepat disatukan dalam cubaan untuk mencari peluru di dalam badan Presiden A.S. James Garfield. Menurut beberapa akaun, pengesan logam bekerja dengan sempurna dalam ujian tetapi tidak menemui peluru pembunuh sebahagiannya kerana bingkai logam di mana Presiden tergelincir instrumen, menyebabkan statik. Pakar bedah presiden, yang ragu-ragu terhadap peranti tersebut, mengabaikan permintaan Bell untuk memindahkan presiden ke tempat tidur yang tidak dilengkapi dengan mata air logam. Sebagai alternatif, walaupun Bell telah mengesan bunyi yang sedikit pada ujian pertamanya, peluru itu mungkin diserahkan terlalu mendalam untuk dikesan oleh radas mentah. <> Apa yang dibuat oleh Bell pada tahun 1881? || pengesan logam <> Apa yang ada di James Garfield bahawa mereka mahu keluar? || bullet <> Apa pendapat Bell yang salah dengan katil, yang menghalang mesinnya daripada mencari peluru? || bingkai katil logam <> Di mana berlakunya pengesan logam Bell memberikan petunjuk kecil? || pertama <> Bilakah pengesan logam Bell berfungsi dengan baik? || dalam ujian", {"qas": [{"question": "What did Bell create in 1881?", "id": "56dfb0e97aa994140058dfe5", "answers": [{"text": "metal detector", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was in James Garfield that they wanted to get out?", "id": "56dfb0e97aa994140058dfe6", "answers": [{"text": "bullet", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Bell think was wrong with the bed, which prevented his machine from finding the bullet?", "id": "56dfb0e97aa994140058dfe7", "answers": [{"text": "metal bed frame", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On which run did Bell's metal detector give a small indication?", "id": "56dfb0e97aa994140058dfe8", "answers": [{"text": "first", "answer_start": 646}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Bell's metal detector work well?", "id": "56dfb0e97aa994140058dfe9", "answers": [{"text": "in tests", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bell is also credited with developing one of the early versions of a metal detector in 1881. The device was quickly put together in an attempt to find the bullet in the body of U.S. President James Garfield. According to some accounts, the metal detector worked flawlessly in tests but did not find the assassin's bullet partly because the metal bed frame on which the President was lying disturbed the instrument, resulting in static. The president's surgeons, who were skeptical of the device, ignored Bell's requests to move the president to a bed not fitted with metal springs. Alternatively, although Bell had detected a slight sound on his first test, the bullet may have been lodged too deeply to be detected by the crude apparatus."}], ["Artikel 1906 Amerika Scientific American oleh perintis Amerika William E. Meacham menerangkan prinsip dasar hydrofoils dan hydroplanes. Bell menganggap penciptaan hidroplane sebagai pencapaian yang sangat penting. Berdasarkan maklumat yang diperoleh dari artikel itu dia mula melukiskan konsep apa yang sekarang disebut sebagai bot hydrofoil. Bell dan pembantu Frederick W. \"Casey\" Baldwin memulakan eksperimen hidrofoil pada musim panas tahun 1908 sebagai bantuan yang mungkin untuk melepaskan pesawat dari air. Baldwin mengkaji karya pencipta Itali, Enrico Forlanini dan mula menguji model. Ini membawa beliau dan Bell ke pembangunan kapal hidrofoil praktikal. <> Siapa yang menulis kertas membuang hidrofoil dan hidroplanes? || William E. Meacham <> Apa kewarganegaraan Meacham? || Amerika <> Apa Bell mula melukis selepas membaca artikel? || bot hidrofoil <> Siapa yang membantu Bell menyiasat hidrofoil pada tahun 1908? || Frederick W. \"Casey\" Baldwin <> Yang saintis Itali yang mana Baldwin mendapat inspirasi dari? || Enrico Forlanini", {"qas": [{"question": "Who wrote the paper laying out hydrofoils and hydroplanes?", "id": "56dfb42e7aa994140058dff9", "answers": [{"text": "William E. Meacham", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nationality was Meacham?", "id": "56dfb42e7aa994140058dffa", "answers": [{"text": "American", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Bell start drawing after reading the article?", "id": "56dfb42e7aa994140058dffb", "answers": [{"text": "hydrofoil boat", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who helped Bell investigate hydrofoils in 1908?", "id": "56dfb42e7aa994140058dffc", "answers": [{"text": "Frederick W. \"Casey\" Baldwin", "answer_start": 359}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Italian scientist did Baldwin draw inspiration from?", "id": "56dfb42e7aa994140058dffd", "answers": [{"text": "Enrico Forlanini", "answer_start": 541}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The March 1906 Scientific American article by American pioneer William E. Meacham explained the basic principle of hydrofoils and hydroplanes. Bell considered the invention of the hydroplane as a very significant achievement. Based on information gained from that article he began to sketch concepts of what is now called a hydrofoil boat. Bell and assistant Frederick W. \"Casey\" Baldwin began hydrofoil experimentation in the summer of 1908 as a possible aid to airplane takeoff from water. Baldwin studied the work of the Italian inventor Enrico Forlanini and began testing models. This led him and Bell to the development of practical hydrofoil watercraft."}], ["Bell adalah penyokong penyelidikan kejuruteraan aeroangkasa melalui Persatuan Eksperimen Udara (AEA), secara rasmi ditubuhkan di Baddeck, Nova Scotia, pada bulan Oktober 1907 atas cadangan isterinya Mabel dan dengan sokongan kewangannya selepas penjualan sesetengah hartanahnya. AEA diketuai oleh Bell dan ahli-ahli pengasasnya ialah empat orang lelaki muda: American Glenn H. Curtiss, pengilang motosikal pada masa itu dan yang memegang gelaran \"manusia terpantas di dunia\", telah menunggang basikal motor sendiri yang dibina di sekeliling masa, dan yang kemudiannya dianugerahkan Scientific American Trophy untuk penerbangan satu kilometer pertama rasmi di hemisfera Barat, dan yang kemudiannya menjadi pengilang kapal terbang terkenal di dunia; Leftenan Thomas Selfridge, pemerhati rasmi dari kerajaan Persekutuan A dan salah satu daripada sedikit orang dalam tentera yang percaya bahawa penerbangan adalah masa depan; Frederick W. Baldwin, yang pertama Kanada dan tertakluk pertama British untuk menaiki penerbangan awam di Hammondsport, New York, dan J.A.D. McCurdy -Baldwin dan McCurdy menjadi graduan kejuruteraan baru dari University of Toronto. <> Apa organisasi yang didirikan oleh Bell kerana kepentingannya dalam bidang aeroangkasa? || Persatuan Eksperimen Udara <> Bilakah AEA ditubuhkan? || 1907 <> Yang mana asal ahli AEA memegang rekod kelajuan motosikal? || Glenn H. Curtiss <> Yang cawangan tentera itu adalah Leftenan Thomas Selfridge di? || tentera", {"qas": [{"question": "What organization did Bell set up due to his interest in aerospace?", "id": "56dfb6917aa994140058e049", "answers": [{"text": "Aerial Experiment Association", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the AEA founded?", "id": "56dfb6917aa994140058e04a", "answers": [{"text": "1907", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which original member of the AEA held motorcycle speed records?", "id": "56dfb6917aa994140058e04c", "answers": [{"text": "Glenn H. Curtiss", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which branch of the military was Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge in?", "id": "56dfb6917aa994140058e04d", "answers": [{"text": "army", "answer_start": 840}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bell was a supporter of aerospace engineering research through the Aerial Experiment Association (AEA), officially formed at Baddeck, Nova Scotia, in October 1907 at the suggestion of his wife Mabel and with her financial support after the sale of some of her real estate. The AEA was headed by Bell and the founding members were four young men: American Glenn H. Curtiss, a motorcycle manufacturer at the time and who held the title \"world's fastest man\", having ridden his self-constructed motor bicycle around in the shortest time, and who was later awarded the Scientific American Trophy for the first official one-kilometre flight in the Western hemisphere, and who later became a world-renowned airplane manufacturer; Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge, an official observer from the U.S. Federal government and one of the few people in the army who believed that aviation was the future; Frederick W. Baldwin, the first Canadian and first British subject to pilot a public flight in Hammondsport, New York, and J.A.D. McCurdy \u2014Baldwin and McCurdy being new engineering graduates from the University of Toronto."}], ["Akaun terperinci Bell sendiri, yang dikemukakan kepada Persatuan Amerika untuk Kemajuan Sains pada tahun 1882, berbeza dengan beberapa butir-butir dari kebanyakan versi yang banyak dan bervariasi kini dalam peredaran, terutamanya dengan menyimpulkan bahawa logam luaran bukanlah salah untuk kegagalan untuk mencari peluru. Tertarik dengan hasil yang aneh yang diperolehnya semasa pemeriksaan Garfield, Bell \"... meneruskan ke Mansion Eksekutif pada keesokan harinya ... untuk memastikan dari pakar bedah sama ada mereka pasti yakin bahawa semua logam telah dikeluarkan dari kejiranan katil itu kemudiannya diingat bahawa di bawah kasut rambut kuda di mana Presiden meletakkan adalah satu lagi kasur yang terdiri daripada wayar keluli. Setelah mendapatkan pendua, tilam itu didapati terdiri daripada sejenis bersih kawat keluli tenunan, dengan besar Selat [kawasan yang menghasilkan tindak balas dari pengesan] telah begitu kecil, berbanding dengan kawasan katil, nampaknya munasabah untuk membuat kesimpulan bahawa kasur keluli telah menghasilkan kesan buruk. \" Dalam nota kaki, Bell menambah bahawa \"Kematian Presiden Garfield dan peperiksaan selepas bedah berikutnya, bagaimanapun, membuktikan bahawa peluru itu terlalu jauh dari permukaan telah mempengaruhi radas kita.\" <> Bell memberi kisahnya tentang cuba mencari peluru ke Persatuan Amerika untuk Kemajuan apa? || Sains <> Di mana Bell pergi hari selepas cuba mencari peluru? || Executive Mansion <> Apa jenis tilam adalah Presiden secara langsung? || kuda-kuda <> Di manakah Bell menunjukkan bahawa peluru itu terlalu mendalam untuk mesinnya mendaftar? || nota kaki", {"qas": [{"question": "Bell gave his story about trying to find the bullet to the American Association for the Advancement of what?", "id": "56dfb3687aa994140058dfef", "answers": [{"text": "Science", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Bell go the day after trying to find the bullet?", "id": "56dfb3687aa994140058dff0", "answers": [{"text": "Executive Mansion", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of mattress was the President directly on?", "id": "56dfb3687aa994140058dff1", "answers": [{"text": "horse-hair", "answer_start": 622}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Bell indicate that the bullet was too deep for his machine to register?", "id": "56dfb3687aa994140058dff3", "answers": [{"text": "footnote", "answer_start": 1062}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bell's own detailed account, presented to the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1882, differs in several particulars from most of the many and varied versions now in circulation, most notably by concluding that extraneous metal was not to blame for failure to locate the bullet. Perplexed by the peculiar results he had obtained during an examination of Garfield, Bell \"...proceeded to the Executive Mansion the next morning...to ascertain from the surgeons whether they were perfectly sure that all metal had been removed from the neighborhood of the bed. It was then recollected that underneath the horse-hair mattress on which the President lay was another mattress composed of steel wires. Upon obtaining a duplicate, the mattress was found to consist of a sort of net of woven steel wires, with large meshes. The extent of the [area that produced a response from the detector] having been so small, as compared with the area of the bed, it seemed reasonable to conclude that the steel mattress had produced no detrimental effect.\" In a footnote, Bell adds that \"The death of President Garfield and the subsequent post-mortem examination, however, proved that the bullet was at too great a distance from the surface to have affected our apparatus.\""}], ["Semasa lawatannya 1910-11, Bell dan Baldwin bertemu dengan Forlanini di Perancis. Mereka telah menaiki bot Hydrofoil Forlanini ke atas Lake Maggiore. Baldwin menyifatkannya sebagai halus seperti terbang. Setelah kembali ke Baddeck, beberapa konsep permulaan dibina sebagai model percubaan, termasuk Dhonnas Beag, hydrofoil Bell-Baldwin yang pertama. Perahu eksperimen pada dasarnya adalah prototaip prototaip-konsep yang memuncak pada HD-4 yang lebih besar, dikuasakan oleh enjin Renault. Kelajuan tertinggi sebanyak 54 batu sejam (87 km / j) dicapai, dengan hidrofoil yang mempamerkan pecutan pesat, kestabilan yang baik dan stereng bersama dengan keupayaan untuk mengambil gelombang tanpa kesukaran. Pada tahun 1913, Dr. Bell mengupah Walter Pinaud, seorang pereka kapal layar dan pembina kapal layar Sydney serta pemilik Taman Yacht Yacht di Westmount, Nova Scotia untuk bekerja di ponton HD-4. Pinaud tidak lama lagi mengambil alih tempat perladangan di Laboratorium Bell di Beinn Bhreagh, ladang Bell berhampiran Baddeck, Nova Scotia. Pengalaman Pinaud dalam pembinaan bot membolehkannya membuat perubahan reka bentuk yang berguna kepada HD-4. Selepas Perang Dunia Pertama, kerja bermula semula pada HD-4. Laporan Bell kepada Angkatan Laut Amerika Syarikat membolehkannya mendapatkan dua 350 tan kuasa kuda (260 kilowatt) pada bulan Julai 1919. Pada 9 September 1919, HD-4 menetapkan rekod kelajuan laut dunia sebanyak 70.86 batu sejam (114.04 kilometer sejam) rekod yang berdiri selama sepuluh tahun. <> Di negara apakah Baldwin dan Forlanini berkumpul? || Perancis <> Apakah Baldwin menyamakan bot hidrofoil itu? || terbang <> Perahu mana yang pertama dikuasakan oleh enjin Renault? || HD-4", {"qas": [{"question": "In what country did Baldwin and Forlanini get together?", "id": "56dfb4e37aa994140058e017", "answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Baldwin liken the hydrofoil boat to?", "id": "56dfb4e37aa994140058e018", "answers": [{"text": "flying", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which boat was first powered by a Renault engine?", "id": "56dfb4e37aa994140058e019", "answers": [{"text": "HD-4", "answer_start": 473}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During his world tour of 1910\u201311, Bell and Baldwin met with Forlanini in France. They had rides in the Forlanini hydrofoil boat over Lake Maggiore. Baldwin described it as being as smooth as flying. On returning to Baddeck, a number of initial concepts were built as experimental models, including the Dhonnas Beag, the first self-propelled Bell-Baldwin hydrofoil. The experimental boats were essentially proof-of-concept prototypes that culminated in the more substantial HD-4, powered by Renault engines. A top speed of 54 miles per hour (87 km/h) was achieved, with the hydrofoil exhibiting rapid acceleration, good stability and steering along with the ability to take waves without difficulty. In 1913, Dr. Bell hired Walter Pinaud, a Sydney yacht designer and builder as well as the proprietor of Pinaud's Yacht Yard in Westmount, Nova Scotia to work on the pontoons of the HD-4. Pinaud soon took over the boatyard at Bell Laboratories on Beinn Bhreagh, Bell's estate near Baddeck, Nova Scotia. Pinaud's experience in boat-building enabled him to make useful design changes to the HD-4. After the First World War, work began again on the HD-4. Bell's report to the U.S. Navy permitted him to obtain two 350 horsepower (260 kilowatts) engines in July 1919. On September 9, 1919, the HD-4 set a world marine speed record of 70.86 miles per hour (114.04 kilometres per hour), a record which stood for ten years."}], ["Pada tahun 1936, Pejabat Paten AS mengisytiharkan Bell terlebih dahulu pada senarai pencipta terbesar negara itu, yang membawa kepada Pejabat Pos AS yang mengeluarkan setem peringatan yang menghormati Bell pada tahun 1940 sebagai sebahagian daripada 'Siri Amerika yang Terkenal'. Majlis Hari Terbit Pertama telah diadakan pada 28 Oktober di Boston, Massachusetts, bandar di mana Bell menghabiskan banyak masa untuk penyelidikan dan bekerja dengan pekak. Cap Bell menjadi sangat popular dan dijual dalam sedikit masa. Cap telah menjadi, dan kekal hingga ke hari ini, yang paling berharga daripada siri ini. <> Pada tahun 1936, apa tempat Bell diterima dalam senarai pencipta terbaik? || Pertama <> Apa yang telah dibuat dalam imej Bell pada tahun 1940? || setem peringatan <> Setem Bell adalah sebahagian daripada baris mana? || Siri Amerika yang Terkenal <> Pada tarikh apakah cap rasmi dikeluarkan? || 28 Oktober <> Di manakah bandar itu dikeluarkan secara rasmi? || Boston", {"qas": [{"question": "In 1936, what place did Bell receive on a list of best inventors?", "id": "56dfc3097aa994140058e15d", "answers": [{"text": "First", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was created in Bell's image in 1940?", "id": "56dfc3097aa994140058e15e", "answers": [{"text": "commemorative stamp", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bell's stamp is part of which line?", "id": "56dfc3097aa994140058e15f", "answers": [{"text": "Famous Americans Series", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was the stamp officially released?", "id": "56dfc3097aa994140058e160", "answers": [{"text": "October 28", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which city was the stamp officially released?", "id": "56dfc3097aa994140058e161", "answers": [{"text": "Boston", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1936 the US Patent Office declared Bell first on its list of the country's greatest inventors, leading to the US Post Office issuing a commemorative stamp honoring Bell in 1940 as part of its 'Famous Americans Series'. The First Day of Issue ceremony was held on October 28 in Boston, Massachusetts, the city where Bell spent considerable time on research and working with the deaf. The Bell stamp became very popular and sold out in little time. The stamp became, and remains to this day, the most valuable one of the series."}], ["Alexander Graham Bell menduduki tempat ke-57 di antara 100 orang Britania Terbesar (2002) dalam sebuah BBC rasmi di seluruh negara, dan di kalangan Sepuluh Terbesar Kanada (2004), dan 100 Orang Terbesar Amerika (2005). Pada tahun 2006, Bell juga dinobatkan sebagai salah satu daripada 10 saintis Scotland paling hebat dalam sejarah selepas disenaraikan dalam 'Dewan Sains Scotland' Perpustakaan Nasional Scotland. Nama Bell masih banyak diketahui dan digunakan sebagai sebahagian daripada nama-nama puluhan institut pendidikan, nama nama korporat, nama jalan dan tempat di seluruh dunia. <> Pada tahun 2002, di manakah Bell tempat dalam senarai orang Inggeris Terbesar? || Pada tahun 2004 Bell disenaraikan di bahagian atas berapa ramai Kanada Terbesar? || 10 <> Dalam apa yang disenaraikan dalam Hall of Fame Scottish? || Hall of Fame Sains Scotland <> Institusi mana yang disenaraikan Bell di Hall of Fame mereka? || Perpustakaan Negara Scotland", {"qas": [{"question": "In 2002, where did Bell place in a list of the Greatest Britons?", "id": "56dfc4ba231d4119001abdcd", "answers": [{"text": "57th", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2004 Bell was listed in the top how many Greatest Canadians?", "id": "56dfc4ba231d4119001abdce", "answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what Scottish Hall of Fame is Bell listed?", "id": "56dfc4ba231d4119001abdcf", "answers": [{"text": "Scottish Science Hall of Fame", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which institution listed Bell in their Hall of Fame?", "id": "56dfc4ba231d4119001abdd0", "answers": [{"text": "National Library of Scotland", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Alexander Graham Bell was ranked 57th among the 100 Greatest Britons (2002) in an official BBC nationwide poll, and among the Top Ten Greatest Canadians (2004), and the 100 Greatest Americans (2005). In 2006 Bell was also named as one of the 10 greatest Scottish scientists in history after having been listed in the National Library of Scotland's 'Scottish Science Hall of Fame'. Bell's name is still widely known and used as part of the names of dozens of educational institutes, corporate namesakes, street and place names around the world."}], ["Kehormatan dan penghormatan mengalir ke Bell dalam jumlah yang semakin meningkat kerana ciptaannya yang paling terkenal menjadi di mana-mana dan kemasyhuran peribadinya berkembang. Bell menerima ijazah kehormat daripada kolej dan universiti, sehingga permintaan itu hampir menjadi membebankan. Semasa hidupnya, beliau juga menerima berpuluh-puluh anugerah utama, pingat dan penghormatan lain. Ini termasuk monumen patung untuk kedua-dua dia dan bentuk komunikasi baru yang dibuat oleh telefonnya, terutamanya Bell Telephone Memorial yang didirikan dengan penghormatannya di Alexander Graham Bell Gardens di Brantford, Ontario, pada tahun 1917. <> Apa yang diterima Bell daripada banyak pusat pos -pendidikan menengah? || derajat kehormat <> Apakah patung paling terkenal yang dibina untuk Bell dan ciptaannya? || Bell Telephone Memorial <> Bilakah Bell Telephone Memorial dibina? || 1917 <> Di mana kota Bell Memorial Memorial dibina? || Brantford <> Di mana taman-taman adalah Bell Telephone Memorial dibina? || Alexander Graham Bell Gardens", {"qas": [{"question": "What did Bell receive from many centers of post-secondary education?", "id": "56dfc2707aa994140058e149", "answers": [{"text": "honorary degrees", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the most famous statue built for Bell and his creation?", "id": "56dfc2707aa994140058e14a", "answers": [{"text": "Bell Telephone Memorial", "answer_start": 460}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Bell Telephone Memorial constructed?", "id": "56dfc2707aa994140058e14b", "answers": [{"text": "1917", "answer_start": 564}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city was the Bell Telephone Memorial constructed?", "id": "56dfc2707aa994140058e14c", "answers": [{"text": "Brantford", "answer_start": 541}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which gardens was the Bell Telephone Memorial constructed?", "id": "56dfc2707aa994140058e14d", "answers": [{"text": "Alexander Graham Bell Gardens", "answer_start": 508}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Honors and tributes flowed to Bell in increasing numbers as his most famous invention became ubiquitous and his personal fame grew. Bell received numerous honorary degrees from colleges and universities, to the point that the requests almost became burdensome. During his life he also received dozens of major awards, medals and other tributes. These included statuary monuments to both him and the new form of communication his telephone created, notably the Bell Telephone Memorial erected in his honor in Alexander Graham Bell Gardens in Brantford, Ontario, in 1917."}], ["Sebilangan besar tulisan Bell, surat-menyurat peribadi, buku nota, kertas dan dokumen lain berada di kedua-dua Perpustakaan Manuskrip Kongres Amerika Syarikat (sebagai Kertas Keluarga Alexander Graham Bell), dan di Institut Alexander Graham Bell, Universiti Cape Breton, Nova Scotia; bahagian utama yang tersedia untuk tontonan dalam talian. <> Apakah kertas peribadi Bell dikenali sebagai? || Kertas Keluarga Alexander Graham Bell <> Dalam apa bahagian Perpustakaan Kongres adalah kertas Bell disimpan? || Bahagian Manuskrip <> Selain dari orang lain, bagaimana boleh melihat banyak kertas Bell? || dalam talian <> Dalam universiti apa yang Alexander Graham Bell Institute? || Cape Breton University <> Di mana wilayahnya terletak Alexander Graham Bell Institute? || Nova Scotia", {"qas": [{"question": "What are Bell's personal papers known as?", "id": "56dfb9b87aa994140058e08d", "answers": [{"text": "Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what part of the Library of Congress are Bell's papers kept?", "id": "56dfb9b87aa994140058e08e", "answers": [{"text": "Manuscript Division", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Apart from in person, how can one look at many of Bell's papers?", "id": "56dfb9b87aa994140058e08f", "answers": [{"text": "online", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what university is the Alexander Graham Bell Institute?", "id": "56dfb9b87aa994140058e090", "answers": [{"text": "Cape Breton University", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what province is the Alexander Graham Bell Institute located?", "id": "56dfb9b87aa994140058e091", "answers": [{"text": "Nova Scotia", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A large number of Bell's writings, personal correspondence, notebooks, papers and other documents reside at both the United States Library of Congress Manuscript Division (as the Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers), and at the Alexander Graham Bell Institute, Cape Breton University, Nova Scotia; major portions of which are available for online viewing."}], ["Reka bentuk pesawat akhir mereka, Silver Dart, merangkumi semua kemajuan yang terdapat pada mesin-mesin sebelumnya. Pada 23 Februari 1909, Bell hadir ketika Silver Dart diterbangkan oleh J.A.D. McCurdy dari ais beku Bras d'Or, membuat penerbangan pesawat pertama di Kanada. Bell telah risau bahawa penerbangan itu terlalu berbahaya dan telah mengatur agar doktor berada di tangan. Dengan penerbangan yang berjaya, AEA dibubarkan dan Silver Dart akan kembali ke Baldwin dan McCurdy yang memulakan Syarikat Aerodrome Kanada dan kemudian akan menunjukkan pesawat itu ke Tentera Kanada. <> Apa nama AEA nama pesawat terakhir mereka? || Perak Dart <> Siapa yang pertama yang terbang Silver Dart? || J.A.D. McCurdy <> Apa yang profesional Bell lakukan semasa penerbangan Silver Dart pertama? || doktor <> Perniagaan apa yang dilakukan oleh Baldwin dan McCurdy selepas AEA dilipat? || Syarikat Aerodrome Kanada <> Berapa bulan dan hari apakah Silver Dart mengambil penerbangan pertamanya? || 23 Februari", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the AEA name their last plane?", "id": "56dfb7b6231d4119001abce7", "answers": [{"text": "Silver Dart", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first to fly the Silver Dart?", "id": "56dfb7b6231d4119001abce8", "answers": [{"text": "J.A.D. McCurdy", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What professional did Bell make sure was present during the first Silver Dart flight?", "id": "56dfb7b6231d4119001abce9", "answers": [{"text": "a doctor", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What business did Baldwin and McCurdy start after the AEA folded?", "id": "56dfb7b6231d4119001abcea", "answers": [{"text": "Canadian Aerodrome Company", "answer_start": 480}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what month and day did the Silver Dart take its first flight?", "id": "56dfb7b6231d4119001abceb", "answers": [{"text": "February 23", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Their final aircraft design, the Silver Dart, embodied all of the advancements found in the earlier machines. On February 23, 1909, Bell was present as the Silver Dart flown by J.A.D. McCurdy from the frozen ice of Bras d'Or, made the first aircraft flight in Canada. Bell had worried that the flight was too dangerous and had arranged for a doctor to be on hand. With the successful flight, the AEA disbanded and the Silver Dart would revert to Baldwin and McCurdy who began the Canadian Aerodrome Company and would later demonstrate the aircraft to the Canadian Army."}], ["Dengan kerjasama Gardiner Greene Hubbard, Bell membantu menubuhkan Sains penerbitan pada awal tahun 1880-an. Pada tahun 1898, Bell dipilih sebagai presiden kedua National Geographic Society, berkhidmat sehingga tahun 1903, dan bertanggungjawab terutamanya untuk penggunaan ilustrasi yang luas, termasuk fotografi, di dalam majalah. dia juga menjadi Bupati Institusi Smithsonian (1898-1922). Kerajaan Perancis memberi kepadanya hiasan L\u00e9gion d'honneur (Legion of Honor); Persatuan Seni Royal di London dianugerahkan kepadanya Albert Medal pada tahun 1902; Universiti W\u00fcrzburg, Bavaria, memberikannya PhD, dan beliau dianugerahkan Pingat Elliott Cresson Institute Franklin pada tahun 1912. Beliau adalah salah seorang pengasas Institut Elektrik Institut Amerika pada tahun 1884, dan berkhidmat sebagai presiden dari 1891-92 . Bell kemudiannya dianugerahkan Pingat Edison AIEE pada tahun 1914 \"Untuk pencapaian cemerlang dalam ciptaan telefon\". <> Apa majalah Bell yang ditemui bersama Hubbard? || Sains <> Bilakah Bell berhenti menjadi Presiden National Geographic Society? || 1903 <> Apakah ciri-ciri tahan lama National Geographic yang dilakukan oleh Bell membantu? || ilustrasi <> Apakah anugerah Bell menang pada tahun 1902? || Albert Medal", {"qas": [{"question": "What magazine did Bell found alongside Hubbard?", "id": "56dfc1cc7aa994140058e135", "answers": [{"text": "Science", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Bell cease to be President of the National Geographic Society?", "id": "56dfc1cc7aa994140058e136", "answers": [{"text": "1903", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What enduring feature of National Geographic did Bell help implement?", "id": "56dfc1cc7aa994140058e137", "answers": [{"text": "illustrations", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What award did Bell win in 1902?", "id": "56dfc1cc7aa994140058e138", "answers": [{"text": "Albert Medal", "answer_start": 548}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In partnership with Gardiner Greene Hubbard, Bell helped establish the publication Science during the early 1880s. In 1898, Bell was elected as the second president of the National Geographic Society, serving until 1903, and was primarily responsible for the extensive use of illustrations, including photography, in the magazine. he also became a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution (1898\u20131922). The French government conferred on him the decoration of the L\u00e9gion d'honneur (Legion of Honor); the Royal Society of Arts in London awarded him the Albert Medal in 1902; the University of W\u00fcrzburg, Bavaria, granted him a PhD, and he was awarded the Franklin Institute's Elliott Cresson Medal in 1912. He was one of the founders of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers in 1884, and served as its president from 1891\u201392. Bell was later awarded the AIEE's Edison Medal in 1914 \"For meritorious achievement in the invention of the telephone\"."}], ["Kerja-kerja AEA berkembang menjadi mesin yang lebih berat daripada udara, memakai pengetahuan tentang layang-layang untuk glider. Bergerak ke Hammondsport, kumpulan itu kemudiannya merancang dan membina Red Wing, dibingkai dengan buluh dan diliputi sutera merah dan dikuasakan oleh enjin yang disejuk udara kecil. Pada 12 Mac, 1908, di atas Tasik Keuka, biplane ditanggalkan pada penerbangan awam pertama di Amerika Utara. [N 24] [N 25] Inovasi yang dimasukkan ke dalam reka bentuk ini termasuk kandang kokpit dan kemudi ekor (kemudian variasi pada reka bentuk asal akan menambah ailerons sebagai alat kawalan). Salah satu ciptaan AEA, bentuk wingtip praktikal aileron, adalah menjadi komponen standard pada semua pesawat. [N 26] Sayap Putih dan Jun Bug akan diikuti dan menjelang akhir tahun 1908, lebih daripada 150 penerbangan tanpa sebarang kejadian telah dicapai. Walau bagaimanapun, AEA telah habis rizab awal dan hanya $ 15,000 pemberian daripada Puan Bell membenarkannya meneruskan eksperimen. Lt. Selfridge juga telah menjadi orang pertama yang terbunuh dalam penerbangan yang lebih berat daripada udara dalam kemalangan Wright Flyer di Fort Myer, Virginia, pada 17 September 1908. <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh AEA selepas layang-layang? || glider <> Apa bahan yang diperbuat daripada Red Wing? || buluh <> Pesawat jenis apa itu Red Wing? || biplane <> Berapa banyak penerbangan bebas kemalangan yang telah diambil oleh AEA pada tahun 1909? || 150 <> Siapa orang pertama yang mati dalam kemalangan pesawat? || Selfridge", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the AEA work on after kites?", "id": "56dfb726231d4119001abcd3", "answers": [{"text": "gliders", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What material was the Red Wing's frame made of?", "id": "56dfb726231d4119001abcd4", "answers": [{"text": "bamboo", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of plane was the Red Wing?", "id": "56dfb726231d4119001abcd5", "answers": [{"text": "biplane", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many accident-free flights had the AEA taken by 1909?", "id": "56dfb726231d4119001abcd6", "answers": [{"text": "150", "answer_start": 760}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first person to die in a plane crash?", "id": "56dfb726231d4119001abcd7", "answers": [{"text": "Selfridge", "answer_start": 946}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The AEA's work progressed to heavier-than-air machines, applying their knowledge of kites to gliders. Moving to Hammondsport, the group then designed and built the Red Wing, framed in bamboo and covered in red silk and powered by a small air-cooled engine. On March 12, 1908, over Keuka Lake, the biplane lifted off on the first public flight in North America.[N 24] [N 25] The innovations that were incorporated into this design included a cockpit enclosure and tail rudder (later variations on the original design would add ailerons as a means of control). One of the AEA's inventions, a practical wingtip form of the aileron, was to become a standard component on all aircraft. [N 26] The White Wing and June Bug were to follow and by the end of 1908, over 150 flights without mishap had been accomplished. However, the AEA had depleted its initial reserves and only a $15,000 grant from Mrs. Bell allowed it to continue with experiments. Lt. Selfridge had also become the first person killed in a powered heavier-than-air flight in a crash of the Wright Flyer at Fort Myer, Virginia, on September 17, 1908."}], ["Peringatan ulang tahun ke-150 kelahiran Bell pada tahun 1997 ditandakan dengan isu khas wang kertas \u00a3 1 peringatan dari Royal Bank of Scotland. Ilustrasi di belakang nota itu termasuk wajah Bell dalam profil, tandatangannya, dan objek dari kehidupan dan kerjaya Bell: pengguna telefon selama berabad-abad; isyarat gelombang audio; gambarajah penerima telefon; bentuk geometri dari struktur kejuruteraan; perwakilan bahasa isyarat dan abjad fonetik; angsa yang membantu dia memahami penerbangan; dan biri-biri yang dia belajar untuk memahami genetik. Di samping itu, Kerajaan Kanada menghormati Bell pada tahun 1997 dengan duit syiling C $ 100, sebagai penghormatan kepada ulang tahun ke-150 kelahirannya, dan dengan duit syiling perak pada tahun 2009 sebagai penghormatan ulang tahun ke-100 penerbangan di Kanada. Penerbangan pertama itu dibuat oleh pesawat yang direka di bawah bimbingan Dr. Bell, menamakan Silver Dart. Imej Bell, dan juga banyak ciptaannya telah menghiasi wang kertas, duit syiling dan setem pos di banyak negara di seluruh dunia untuk berpuluh-puluh tahun. <> Burung apa yang digambarkan pada wang kertas Scotland? || angsa <> Apakah domba di atas wang kertas Scotland? || genetik <> Apakah bentuk mata wang yang dikeluarkan oleh Kanada untuk meraikan Bell pada tahun 1997? || C $ 100 koin emas <> Dalam tahun apakah Kanada mengeluarkan duit syiling untuk memperingati Silver Dart? || 2009", {"qas": [{"question": "What bird is depicted on the Scottish banknote?", "id": "56dfc400231d4119001abdba", "answers": [{"text": "geese", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do the sheep on the Scottish banknote represent?", "id": "56dfc400231d4119001abdbb", "answers": [{"text": "genetics", "answer_start": 567}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What form of currency did Canada issue to celebrate Bell in 1997?", "id": "56dfc400231d4119001abdbc", "answers": [{"text": "C$100 gold coin", "answer_start": 644}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Canada put out a coin to commemorate the Silver Dart?", "id": "56dfc400231d4119001abdbd", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 749}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The 150th anniversary of Bell's birth in 1997 was marked by a special issue of commemorative \u00a31 banknotes from the Royal Bank of Scotland. The illustrations on the reverse of the note include Bell's face in profile, his signature, and objects from Bell's life and career: users of the telephone over the ages; an audio wave signal; a diagram of a telephone receiver; geometric shapes from engineering structures; representations of sign language and the phonetic alphabet; the geese which helped him to understand flight; and the sheep which he studied to understand genetics. Additionally, the Government of Canada honored Bell in 1997 with a C$100 gold coin, in tribute also to the 150th anniversary of his birth, and with a silver dollar coin in 2009 in honor of the 100th anniversary of flight in Canada. That first flight was made by an airplane designed under Dr. Bell's tutelage, named the Silver Dart. Bell's image, and also those of his many inventions have graced paper money, coinage and postal stamps in numerous countries worldwide for many dozens of years."}], ["Bell dihubungkan dengan pergerakan eugenik di Amerika Syarikat. Dalam kuliahnya Memoir apabila pembentukan pelbagai kaum tuli manusia yang dibentangkan kepada Akademi Sains Kebangsaan pada 13 November 1883, beliau menyatakan bahawa ibu bapa yang cacat cacat cenderung untuk menghasilkan anak-anak pekak dan tentunya mencadangkan bahawa pasangan di mana kedua-dua pihak tuli tidak boleh berkahwin. Walau bagaimanapun, ia adalah hobi penternakan ternakan yang membawa kepada pelantikannya kepada Jawatankuasa biologi David Starr Jordan mengenai Eugenics, di bawah naungan Persatuan Penternak Amerika. Jawatankuasa ini secara tegas meluaskan prinsip kepada manusia. Dari tahun 1912 hingga 1918, beliau menjadi pengerusi lembaga penasihat saintifik ke Pejabat Rekod Eugenics yang dikaitkan dengan Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory di New York, dan selalu menghadiri mesyuarat. Pada tahun 1921, beliau adalah presiden kehormat Kongres Antarabangsa Eugenics Kedua yang diadakan di bawah naungan Muzium Sejarah Alam Amerika di New York. Organisasi-organisasi seperti undang-undang yang diluluskan ini (dengan kejayaan di beberapa negeri) yang menubuhkan pensterilan wajib orang yang dianggap sebagai Bell sebagai memanggil mereka, \"cacat pelbagai bangsa manusia.\" Menjelang akhir 1930-an, kira-kira separuh negeri di A.S. mempunyai undang-undang eugenik, dan undang-undang pensterilan wajib California digunakan sebagai model untuk Nazi Jerman. <> Apa jenis ibu bapa yang membuat Bell lebih mudah mendapat anak-anak pekak? || ibu bapa yang tulen bosan <> Pada tahun 1921, Muzium Sejarah Alam Amerika menganjurkan acara apa? || Kongres Antarabangsa Eugenics Kedua <> Ahli biologi mana yang menjalankan Jawatankuasa Eugenics? || David Starr <> Apa yang ingin dilakukan Bell yang menyebabkan penglibatannya dengan eugenik? || pembiakan ternakan", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of parents did Bell state were more prone to having deaf children?", "id": "56dfb8f2231d4119001abcfb", "answers": [{"text": "congenitally deaf parents", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1921 the American Museum of Natural History hosted what event?", "id": "56dfb8f2231d4119001abcfd", "answers": [{"text": "Second International Congress of Eugenics", "answer_start": 876}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which biologist ran the Committee on Eugenics?", "id": "56dfb8f2231d4119001abcfe", "answers": [{"text": "David Starr", "answer_start": 470}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Bell like to do that led to his involvement with eugenics?", "id": "56dfb8f2231d4119001abcff", "answers": [{"text": "livestock breeding", "answer_start": 409}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bell was connected with the eugenics movement in the United States. In his lecture Memoir upon the formation of a deaf variety of the human race presented to the National Academy of Sciences on November 13, 1883 he noted that congenitally deaf parents were more likely to produce deaf children and tentatively suggested that couples where both parties were deaf should not marry. However, it was his hobby of livestock breeding which led to his appointment to biologist David Starr Jordan's Committee on Eugenics, under the auspices of the American Breeders' Association. The committee unequivocally extended the principle to man. From 1912 until 1918 he was the chairman of the board of scientific advisers to the Eugenics Record Office associated with Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York, and regularly attended meetings. In 1921, he was the honorary president of the Second International Congress of Eugenics held under the auspices of the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Organisations such as these advocated passing laws (with success in some states) that established the compulsory sterilization of people deemed to be, as Bell called them, a \"defective variety of the human race.\" By the late 1930s, about half the states in the U.S. had eugenics laws, and California's compulsory sterilization law was used as a model for that of Nazi Germany."}], ["Pada tahun 1880, Bell menerima Hadiah Volta dengan dompet sebanyak 50,000 franc (kira-kira US $ 250,000 dalam dolar hari ini) untuk penemuan telefon dari francaise Acad\u00e9mie, yang mewakili kerajaan Perancis. Antara penceramah yang dinilai ialah Victor Hugo dan Alexandre Dumas. Hadiah Volta disusun oleh Napoleon Bonaparte pada 1801, dan dinamakan sempena Alessandro Volta, dengan Bell menerima hadiah utama ketiga dalam sejarahnya. Sejak Bell menjadi semakin kaya, beliau menggunakan wang hadiahnya untuk mewujudkan dana endowmen ('Volta Fund') dan institusi di dalam dan sekitar ibu negara Amerika Syarikat Washington, DC. Ini termasuk 'Volta Laboratory Association' (1880) yang berprestij, juga dikenali sebagai Laboratorium Volta dan sebagai 'Laboratorium Alexander Graham Bell', dan yang akhirnya membawa kepada Biro Volta (1887) sebagai pusat kajian mengenai pekak yang masih beroperasi di Georgetown, Washington, DC Laboratorium Volta menjadi kemudahan eksperimen yang ditumpukan kepada penemuan saintifik, dan pada tahun berikutnya ia meningkatkan fonograf Edison dengan menggantikan lilin untuk tinfoil sebagai medium rakaman dan menimbulkan rakaman daripada mencantumkannya, peningkatan utama yang kemudian diterima oleh Edison. Makmal itu juga merupakan tempat di mana dia dan rakannya mencipta \"pencapaian paling sombong\", \"fotophone\", \"telefon optik\" yang melantik telekomunikasi optik serat, sementara Biro Volta kemudiannya berkembang menjadi Persatuan Alexander Graham Bell untuk Orang Pekak dan Hard of Hearing (AG Bell), pusat utama untuk penyelidikan dan pedagogi pekak. <> Disesuaikan untuk inflasi, berapa banyak dolar diberikan kepada Bell bersama Hadiah Volta? || $ 250,000 <> Victor Hugo dan apa pengarang lain membantu menilai Hadiah Volta pada tahun 1880? || Alexandre Dumas <> Siapa yang pertama menubuhkan Hadiah Volta? || Napoleon Bonaparte <> Makmal Volta meningkatkan fonograf dengan menggantikan tinfoil dengan apa bahannya? || wax <> Yang institusi yang diasaskan Bell masih beroperasi di Georgetown hari ini? || Biro Volta", {"qas": [{"question": "Adjusted for inflation, how many dollars were awarded to Bell alongside the Volta Prize?", "id": "56dfbab97aa994140058e0ab", "answers": [{"text": "$250,000", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Victor Hugo and what other author helped judge the Volta Prize in 1880?", "id": "56dfbab97aa994140058e0ac", "answers": [{"text": "Alexandre Dumas", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who first established the Volta Prize?", "id": "56dfbab97aa994140058e0ad", "answers": [{"text": "Napoleon Bonaparte", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Volta lab improved the phonograph by replacing tinfoil with what substance?", "id": "56dfbab97aa994140058e0ae", "answers": [{"text": "wax", "answer_start": 1095}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Bell-founded institution still operates in Georgetown today?", "id": "56dfbab97aa994140058e0af", "answers": [{"text": "Volta Bureau", "answer_start": 822}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1880, Bell received the Volta Prize with a purse of 50,000 francs (approximately US$250,000 in today's dollars) for the invention of the telephone from the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise, representing the French government. Among the luminaries who judged were Victor Hugo and Alexandre Dumas. The Volta Prize was conceived by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1801, and named in honor of Alessandro Volta, with Bell receiving the third grand prize in its history. Since Bell was becoming increasingly affluent, he used his prize money to create endowment funds (the 'Volta Fund') and institutions in and around the United States capital of Washington, D.C.. These included the prestigious 'Volta Laboratory Association' (1880), also known as the Volta Laboratory and as the 'Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory', and which eventually led to the Volta Bureau (1887) as a center for studies on deafness which is still in operation in Georgetown, Washington, D.C. The Volta Laboratory became an experimental facility devoted to scientific discovery, and the very next year it improved Edison's phonograph by substituting wax for tinfoil as the recording medium and incising the recording rather than indenting it, key upgrades that Edison himself later adopted. The laboratory was also the site where he and his associate invented his \"proudest achievement\", \"the photophone\", the \"optical telephone\" which presaged fibre optical telecommunications, while the Volta Bureau would later evolve into the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (the AG Bell), a leading center for the research and pedagogy of deafness."}], ["Dr Alexander Graham Bell telah dikebumikan di atas gunung Beinn Bhreagh, di kawasannya di mana dia tinggal lebih lama selama 35 tahun hidupnya, menghadap ke Bras d'Or Lake. Dia terselamat oleh isterinya Mabel, dua anak perempuannya, Elsie May dan Marian, dan sembilan cucunya. <> Di manakah Bell dikebumikan? || di atas gunung Beinn Bhreagh <> Anak-anak perempuan Bell bernama Elsie May dan apa? || Marian <> Berapa tahun Bell menghabiskan banyak masa di Beinn Bhreagh? || 35", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was Bell buried?", "id": "56dfc6087aa994140058e197", "answers": [{"text": "atop Beinn Bhreagh mountain", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bell's living daughters were named Elsie May and what?", "id": "56dfc6087aa994140058e19a", "answers": [{"text": "Marian", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Over how many years did Bell spend a great deal of time at Beinn Bhreagh?", "id": "56dfc6087aa994140058e19b", "answers": [{"text": "35", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Dr. Alexander Graham Bell was buried atop Beinn Bhreagh mountain, on his estate where he had resided increasingly for the last 35 years of his life, overlooking Bras d'Or Lake. He was survived by his wife Mabel, his two daughters, Elsie May and Marian, and nine of his grandchildren."}], ["Bel (B) dan decibel (dB) yang lebih kecil adalah unit pengukuran intensiti bunyi yang dicipta oleh Bell Labs dan diberi nama selepasnya. [N 28] Sejak tahun 1976 Alexander Graham Bell Pingat IEEE telah dianugerahkan untuk menghargai sumbangan cemerlang dalam bidang telekomunikasi. <> Unit apa yang dinamakan selepas Bell? || The bell <> Apa ukuran bel dan decibel? || intensiti bunyi <> Makmal apa yang mencipta istilah \"bel.\" || Bell Labs <> Dalam medan apa yang diberi oleh Alexander Graham Bell Medal? || telekomunikasi <> Apakah tahun pertama Alexander Graham Bell Medal telah diberikan? || 1976", {"qas": [{"question": "What unit is named after Bell?", "id": "56dfc6f4231d4119001abdf1", "answers": [{"text": "The bel", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the bel and decibel measure?", "id": "56dfc6f4231d4119001abdf2", "answers": [{"text": "sound intensity", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What lab invented the term \"bel.\"", "id": "56dfc6f4231d4119001abdf3", "answers": [{"text": "Bell Labs", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what field is the Alexander Graham Bell Medal given out?", "id": "56dfc6f4231d4119001abdf4", "answers": [{"text": "telecommunications", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first year the Alexander Graham Bell Medal was given out?", "id": "56dfc6f4231d4119001abdf5", "answers": [{"text": "1976", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The bel (B) and the smaller decibel (dB) are units of measurement of sound intensity invented by Bell Labs and named after him. [N 28] Since 1976 the IEEE's Alexander Graham Bell Medal has been awarded to honor outstanding contributions in the field of telecommunications."}], ["Keranda Bell dibina daripada pinus Beinn Bhreagh oleh kakitangan makmalnya, dipenuhi dengan kain sutera merah yang sama digunakan dalam eksperimen layang-layang tetrahedralnya. Untuk membantu meraikan hidupnya, isterinya meminta tetamu supaya tidak memakai warna hitam (warna pemakaman tradisional) ketika menghadiri khidmatnya, di mana solonya Jean MacDonald menyanyikan sebuah kisah \"Requiem\" Robert Louis Stevenson: <> Kayu apa jenis keranda Bell dibuat daripada? || Beinn Bhreagh pine <> Apa warna sutera yang digunakan di keranda Bell? || merah <> Apa warna yang diminta oleh para hadirin untuk tidak memakai pengebumian Bell? || hitam <> Penyanyi mana yang bermain di pengebumian Bell? || Jean MacDonald", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of wood was Bell's coffin made from?", "id": "56dfc5897aa994140058e18d", "answers": [{"text": "Beinn Bhreagh pine", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What color silk was used in Bell's coffin?", "id": "56dfc5897aa994140058e18f", "answers": [{"text": "red", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What color were attendees asked to not wear at Bell's funeral?", "id": "56dfc5897aa994140058e190", "answers": [{"text": "black", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which singer performed at Bell's funeral?", "id": "56dfc5897aa994140058e191", "answers": [{"text": "Jean MacDonald", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bell's coffin was constructed of Beinn Bhreagh pine by his laboratory staff, lined with the same red silk fabric used in his tetrahedral kite experiments. To help celebrate his life, his wife asked guests not to wear black (the traditional funeral color) while attending his service, during which soloist Jean MacDonald sang a verse of Robert Louis Stevenson's \"Requiem\":"}], ["Bell meninggal akibat komplikasi yang timbul daripada diabetes pada 2 Ogos 1922, di estet persendiriannya, Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia, pada usia 75 tahun. Bell juga mengalami anemia yang merosakkan. Pandangan terakhir beliau tentang tanah yang didiami beliau adalah dengan cahaya bulan di ladang gunungnya pada jam 2:00 pagi [N 29] [N 30] Semasa memberi penjagaan kepadanya selepas penyakitnya yang panjang, Mabel, isterinya, berbisik, \"Jangan tinggalkan saya. \" Sebagai balasan, Bell menelusuri tanda \"tidak\" di udara - dan kemudian dia meninggal dunia. <> Apakah penyakit yang menyumbang besar kepada kematian Bell? || kencing manis <> Pada hari dan bulan berapa Bell mati? || 2 Ogos <> Siapa yang terakhir melihat Bell hidup? || Mabel <> Dalam apa Provinsi mati Bell? || Nova Scotia", {"qas": [{"question": "What disease contributed greatly to Bell's death?", "id": "56dfc5307aa994140058e183", "answers": [{"text": "diabetes", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day and month did Bell die?", "id": "56dfc5307aa994140058e184", "answers": [{"text": "August 2", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the last person to see Bell alive?", "id": "56dfc5307aa994140058e186", "answers": [{"text": "Mabel", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what Province did Bell die?", "id": "56dfc5307aa994140058e187", "answers": [{"text": "Nova Scotia", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bell died of complications arising from diabetes on August 2, 1922, at his private estate, Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia, at age 75. Bell had also been afflicted with pernicious anemia. His last view of the land he had inhabited was by moonlight on his mountain estate at 2:00 a.m.[N 29][N 30] While tending to him after his long illness, Mabel, his wife, whispered, \"Don't leave me.\" By way of reply, Bell traced the sign for \"no\" in the air \u2014and then he died."}]], [["Sejarah pub dapat dikesan kembali ke bar Rom, melalui alun-alun Anglo-Saxon untuk pembangunan sistem rumah terikat moden pada abad ke-19. <> Apa perniagaan Rom yang sama dengan pub moden? || taverns <> Apakah tempat yang sama ada di dunia Anglo-Saxon? || alahan <> Dalam abad berapa sistem rumah yang terikat? || abad ke-19", {"qas": [{"question": "What Roman businesses were analogous to modern day pubs?", "id": "56dfb4d6231d4119001abc97", "answers": [{"text": "taverns", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What similar establishments existed in the Anglo-Saxon world?", "id": "56dfb4d6231d4119001abc98", "answers": [{"text": "alehouse", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did the tied house system develop?", "id": "56dfb4d6231d4119001abc99", "answers": [{"text": "19th century", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century."}], ["Penginapan adalah bangunan di mana pelancong boleh mendapatkan penginapan dan, biasanya, makanan dan minuman. Mereka biasanya terletak di negara atau sepanjang lebuh raya. Di Eropah, mereka mungkin mula-mula muncul ketika orang-orang Rom membina sistem jalan dua milenium yang lalu. Beberapa petani di Eropah berabad-abad lamanya. Di samping menyediakan keperluan pelancong, inns secara tradisional bertindak sebagai tempat perhimpunan masyarakat. <> Selain penginapan, apa kemudahan yang sering ditawarkan di penginapan? || makanan dan minuman <> Jalan mana yang sering terdapat di dalam rumah? || jalan raya <> Berapa ribu tahun yang lalu, orang-orang Rom membina sistem jalan mereka? || dua <> Berapa lama laman web tertua di Eropah? || beberapa abad <> Apakah peranan tempat penginapan yang disediakan selain pelawat perumahan? || tempat perhimpunan komuniti", {"qas": [{"question": "Aside from lodging, what amenities are often offered at inns?", "id": "56dfb801231d4119001abcf1", "answers": [{"text": "food and drink", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What road is an inn often located near?", "id": "56dfb801231d4119001abcf2", "answers": [{"text": "highway", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many thousand years ago did the Romans build their road system?", "id": "56dfb801231d4119001abcf3", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how old are the oldest inns in Europe?", "id": "56dfb801231d4119001abcf4", "answers": [{"text": "several centuries", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What role did inns serve other than housing travelers?", "id": "56dfb801231d4119001abcf5", "answers": [{"text": "community gathering places", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition to providing for the needs of travellers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places."}], ["Sehingga tahun 1970-an kebanyakan pub yang lebih besar juga menampilkan kaunter jualan luar atau kedai terlampir untuk penjualan bir, wain dan semangat untuk kegunaan rumah. Pada 1970-an pasar raya yang baru dibina dan kedai-kedai rantaian jalan raya atau lesen-lesen di luar memotong harga pub sehingga ke tahap yang sepuluh tahun tetapi segelintir pub telah menutup kaunter jualan mereka, yang sering dirujuk secara colloquially jag dan botol. <> Dalam berapa dekad apakah pub cenderung berhenti menjual alkohol untuk minum premis? || 1970-an <> Apakah nama kaunter di mana pub secara tradisinya menjual alkohol untuk diminum di rumah? || kaunter jualan luar <> Apa istilah lazim untuk kaunter jualan luar? || jag dan botol <> Bersama kedai-kedai rantai jalan raya yang tinggi dan lesen-lesen, kedai-kedai apa yang memotong jualan alkohol pub pada tahun 1970-an? || pasar raya", {"qas": [{"question": "In what decade did pubs tend to cease selling alcohol for off-premises drinking?", "id": "56dfb69b231d4119001abcc9", "answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the counter where pubs traditionally sold alcohol to drink at home?", "id": "56dfb69b231d4119001abcca", "answers": [{"text": "off-sales counter", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was a colloquial term for the off-sales counter?", "id": "56dfb69b231d4119001abccb", "answers": [{"text": "the jug and bottle", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with high street chain stores and off-licenses, what stores undercut pub alcohol sales in the 1970s?", "id": "56dfb69b231d4119001abccc", "answers": [{"text": "supermarkets", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Until the 1970s most of the larger pubs also featured an off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption. In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences undercut the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a handful of pubs had closed their off-sale counters, which had often been referred to colloquially as the jug and bottle."}], ["Pengembara pada awal Abad Pertengahan boleh mendapatkan penginapan semalaman di biara, tetapi kemudian permintaan untuk asrama berkembang dengan populariti ziarah dan perjalanan. Pengunjung Host London telah diberikan status kesatuan pada tahun 1446 dan pada tahun 1514, kesatuan itu menjadi Syarikat Penyewa Innis. <> Bilakah pengendali Host of London menjadi kesatuan? || 1446 <> Pada tahun berapa tuan rumah penjual London mengubah nama mereka kepada Syarikat Bertanggungjawab Inners? || 1514 <> Di manakah pelancong pada awal abad pertengahan sering mencari penginapan? || biara <> Apa kegiatan agama yang bertanggungjawab terhadap permintaan yang semakin meningkat untuk asrama? || jemaah haji", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Hostellers of London become a guild?", "id": "56dfb76e7aa994140058e067", "answers": [{"text": "1446", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Hostellers of London change their name to the Worshipful Company of Innholders?", "id": "56dfb76e7aa994140058e068", "answers": [{"text": "1514", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did travelers early in the Middle Ages often find lodgings?", "id": "56dfb76e7aa994140058e069", "answers": [{"text": "monasteries", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What religious activity was responsible for the growing demand for hostelries?", "id": "56dfb76e7aa994140058e06a", "answers": [{"text": "pilgrimages", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders."}], ["Sebuah pub / p\u028cb /, atau rumah awam, walaupun namanya, sebuah rumah persendirian, tetapi dipanggil rumah awam kerana ia dilesenkan untuk menjual alkohol kepada orang awam. Ia adalah sebuah pertubuhan minum di Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Kanada, Denmark dan New England. Di banyak tempat, terutama di kampung-kampung, sebuah pub boleh menjadi tumpuan masyarakat. Tulisan-lukisan Samuel Pepys menggambarkan pub itu sebagai jantung Inggeris. <> Apakah istilah 'pub' pendek untuk? || rumah awam <> Di mana di Amerika Syarikat ada pub yang terletak? || New England <> Apa negara benua Eropah mempunyai pub? || Denmark <> Selain daripada Amerika Syarikat, di mana di Amerika Utara ada pub yang terletak? || Kanada <> Siapa kata bahawa pub adalah jantung England? || Samuel Pepys", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the term 'pub' short for?", "id": "56dfb4987aa994140058e003", "answers": [{"text": "public house", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where in the United States are pubs located?", "id": "56dfb4987aa994140058e004", "answers": [{"text": "New England", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What continental European country has pubs?", "id": "56dfb4987aa994140058e005", "answers": [{"text": "Denmark", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Other than the United States, where in North America are pubs located?", "id": "56dfb4987aa994140058e006", "answers": [{"text": "Canada", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said that pubs are the heart of England?", "id": "56dfb4987aa994140058e007", "answers": [{"text": "Samuel Pepys", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A pub /p\u028cb/, or public house is, despite its name, a private house, but is called a public house because it is licensed to sell alcohol to the general public. It is a drinking establishment in Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Denmark and New England. In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community. The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England."}], ["Pemilik, penyewa atau pengurus (pemegang lesen) sebuah pub benar dikenali sebagai \"tuan tanah pub\". Penerbit istilah (dalam penggunaan Rom bersejarah kontraktor awam atau petani cukai) telah mula digunakan sejak zaman Victoria untuk menunjuk pemilik tanah pub. Dikenali sebagai \"penduduk setempat\" untuk tetap, pub biasanya dipilih untuk kedekatannya dengan rumah atau tempat kerja, ketersediaan bir tertentu, sebagai tempat untuk merokok (atau mengelakkannya), menganjurkan pasukan anak panah, mempunyai kolam renang atau meja snuker, atau merayu kepada rakan-rakan. <> Apakah istilah yang sesuai untuk pemegang lesen pub? || tuan tanah pub <> Apa tuan tanah pub sering dipanggil dalam zaman Victoria? || pengiklan <> Apakah pub yang dipanggil oleh mereka yang kerap melawat ke sana? || penduduk setempat <> Pasukan untuk sukan apa yang boleh dijumpai berkumpul di pub? || dart <> Apakah jadual permainan yang sering dijumpai di pub? || kolam renang atau snuker", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a proper term for the licensee of the pub?", "id": "56dfb6067aa994140058e035", "answers": [{"text": "pub landlord", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the pub landlord often called in Victorian times?", "id": "56dfb6067aa994140058e036", "answers": [{"text": "publican", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are pubs called by those who regularly visit there?", "id": "56dfb6067aa994140058e037", "answers": [{"text": "locals", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Teams for what sport can be found congregating at pubs?", "id": "56dfb6067aa994140058e038", "answers": [{"text": "darts", "answer_start": 419}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What gaming tables can often be found in pubs?", "id": "56dfb6067aa994140058e039", "answers": [{"text": "pool or snooker", "answer_start": 440}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the \"pub landlord\". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as \"locals\" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to home or work, the availability of a particular beer, as a place to smoke (or avoid it), hosting a darts team, having a pool or snooker table, or appealing to friends."}], ["Perkhidmatan asal penginapan ini kini boleh didapati di pertubuhan lain, seperti hotel, penginapan, dan motel, yang memberi tumpuan lebih terhadap pelanggan penginapan berbanding dengan perkhidmatan lain, walaupun biasanya menyediakan makanan; pub, yang terutamanya pertubuhan yang melayani alkohol; dan restoran dan bar, yang melayani makanan dan minuman. Di Amerika Utara, aspek penginapan perkataan \"inn\" tinggal di dalam nama jenama hotel seperti Holiday Inn, dan di beberapa undang-undang negeri yang merujuk kepada pengendali penginapan sebagai penginapan penginapan. <> Apa perkhidmatan utama penginapan, kini juga boleh dicapai di motel, hotel dan rumah tumpangan? || Penginapan <> Apakah peruntukan utama yang ditawarkan oleh pub? || alkohol <> Apa yang dicari pelanggan ketika mereka mengunjungi restoran atau bar? || makanan dan minuman <> Apakah jenama hotel terkenal di seluruh Amerika Utara? || Holiday Inn <> Di Amerika Syarikat, apa pengusaha penginapan kadang-kadang dipanggil? || penginapan penginapan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the main service of an inn, now also attainable in motels, hotels and lodges?", "id": "56dfb914231d4119001abd05", "answers": [{"text": "lodging", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the main provision that pubs offer?", "id": "56dfb914231d4119001abd06", "answers": [{"text": "alcohol", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are customers seeking when they visit restaurants or taverns?", "id": "56dfb914231d4119001abd07", "answers": [{"text": "food and drink", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a noted hotel brand throughout North America?", "id": "56dfb914231d4119001abd08", "answers": [{"text": "Holiday Inn", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the United States, what are operators of lodgings sometimes called?", "id": "56dfb914231d4119001abd09", "answers": [{"text": "innkeepers", "answer_start": 491}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they usually provide meals; pubs, which are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and taverns, which serve food and drink. In North America, the lodging aspect of the word \"inn\" lives on in hotel brand names like Holiday Inn, and in some state laws that refer to lodging operators as innkeepers."}], ["Secara historis, pub telah secara sosial dan budaya berbeza dari kafe, bar dan dewan bir Jerman. Kebanyakan pub menawarkan pelbagai bir, wain, semangat, dan minuman ringan serta makanan ringan. Secara tradisinya, tingkap-tingkap pub bandar mempunyai kaca asap atau kaca beku untuk mengaburkan pelanggan dari jalan tetapi dari tahun 1990-an dan seterusnya, telah bergerak ke arah kaca yang jelas, selaras dengan pedalaman yang cerah. <> Apakah tingkap pub tradisional yang diperbuat daripada? || kaca salai yang merokok atau frosted <> Apakah tingkap pada tahun 1990-an dan pub-pub yang sering dibuat? || kaca yang jelas <> Selain daripada minuman, jenis makanan biasanya menawarkan pub? || makanan ringan", {"qas": [{"question": "What are traditional pub windows made out of?", "id": "56dfb587231d4119001abca1", "answers": [{"text": "smoked or frosted glass", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the windows of 1990s and later pubs often made of?", "id": "56dfb587231d4119001abca2", "answers": [{"text": "clear glass", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from beverages, what types of food do pubs typically offer?", "id": "56dfb587231d4119001abca3", "answers": [{"text": "snacks", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Historically, pubs have been socially and culturally distinct from caf\u00e9s, bars and German beer halls. Most pubs offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks. Traditionally the windows of town pubs were of smoked or frosted glass to obscure the clientele from the street but from the 1990s onwards, there has been a move towards clear glass, in keeping with brighter interiors."}], ["Di Eropah, ia adalah penyediaan penginapan, jika ada, yang kini membezakan penginapan dari bar, alehouses dan pub. Yang kedua cenderung untuk memberi alkohol (dan, di UK, minuman ringan dan sering makanan), tetapi kurang biasa. Penginapan cenderung lebih tua dan lebih besar dari segi: secara sejarah mereka menyediakan bukan sahaja makanan dan penginapan, tetapi juga menikam dan memasak untuk kuda pengembara dan di beberapa jalan kuda segar untuk jurulatih mel. Tempat penginapan yang terkenal di London termasuk The George, Southwark dan The Tabard. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak lagi terdapat perbezaan formal antara penginapan dan jenis penubuhan lain. Banyak pub menggunakan \"Inn\" dalam nama mereka, sama ada kerana mereka telah lama mendirikan rumah pelatih lama, atau untuk memanggil imej tertentu, atau dalam banyak kes semata-mata sebagai perkataan \"dalam\", seperti dalam \"Selamat Datang Inn \", nama banyak pub di Scotland. <> Apakah kemudahan penginapan yang ditawarkan oleh pub itu, pub, alehouses dan tavern biasanya tidak? || penginapan <> Di pub negara apa makanan sering disajikan? || UK <> Bersama Southwark dan The Tabard, apakah penginapan London terkenal? || The George <> Di negara apa \"Selamat Datang Inn\" sering digunakan sebagai nama untuk pub? || Scotland <> Selain daripada manusia, apakah keperluan makhluk yang secara tradisional dilihat di tempat penginapan? || kuda", {"qas": [{"question": "What amenity does an inn offer that pubs, alehouses and taverns usually do not?", "id": "56dfb89e7aa994140058e06f", "answers": [{"text": "accommodation", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what nation's pubs is food often served?", "id": "56dfb89e7aa994140058e070", "answers": [{"text": "the UK", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Southwark and The Tabard, what is a notable London inn?", "id": "56dfb89e7aa994140058e071", "answers": [{"text": "The George", "answer_start": 478}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what country is \"The Welcome Inn\" frequently used as a name for pubs?", "id": "56dfb89e7aa994140058e072", "answers": [{"text": "Scotland", "answer_start": 856}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from human beings, what creature's needs were traditionally seen to at inns?", "id": "56dfb89e7aa994140058e073", "answers": [{"text": "horses", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not only food and lodging, but also stabling and fodder for the traveller's horse(s) and on some roads fresh horses for the mail coach. Famous London inns include The George, Southwark and The Tabard. There is however no longer a formal distinction between an inn and other kinds of establishment. Many pubs use \"Inn\" in their name, either because they are long established former coaching inns, or to summon up a particular kind of image, or in many cases simply as a pun on the word \"in\", as in \"The Welcome Inn\", the name of many pubs in Scotland."}], ["Penduduk Kepulauan British telah minum ale sejak Zaman Gangsa, tetapi dengan kedatangan Empayar Rom di pesisirnya di Abad ke-1, dan pembinaan rangkaian jalan Rom yang tempat penginapan pertama, yang disebut tabernae, di yang pengembara boleh mendapatkan penyegaran mula muncul. Selepas pemergian kuasa Rom pada abad ke-5 dan kejatuhan kerajaan-kerajaan Romawi-Inggeris, Anglo-Saxon menubuhkan alehouses yang tumbuh dari kediaman domestik, alewife Anglo-Saxon akan meletakkan belukar hijau di atas tiang untuk membiarkan orang tahu minumannya siap. Alehouses ini dengan cepat berkembang menjadi rumah pertemuan bagi rakyat untuk berkumpul sosial, gosip dan mengatur bantuan bersama dalam komuniti mereka. Di sinilah terletaknya rumah awam moden, atau \"Pub\" seperti yang biasa disebut di England. Mereka dengan cepat merebak ke seluruh Kerajaan, menjadi begitu biasa bahawa pada tahun 965 King Edgar telah menyatakan bahawa tidak boleh ada lebih dari satu gudang per kampung. <> Semasa zaman sejarah apa Britons mula minum alkohol? || Zaman Gangsa <> Dalam abad berapa orang Roma tiba di Britain? || Abad ke-1 <> Apakah istilah Latin untuk penginapan Rom? || tabernae <> Dalam abad berapa orang meninggalkan Roma? || Abad ke-5 <> Apa warna belukar yang dilakukan seorang wanita Anglo-Saxon untuk menunjukkan bahawa ale itu telah dibakar? || hijau", {"qas": [{"question": "During what historical epoch did Britons begin drinking ale?", "id": "56dfb7187aa994140058e05d", "answers": [{"text": "the Bronze Age", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did the Romans arrive in Britain?", "id": "56dfb7187aa994140058e05e", "answers": [{"text": "the 1st Century", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Latin term for the Roman inns?", "id": "56dfb7187aa994140058e05f", "answers": [{"text": "tabernae", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did the Romans leave Britain?", "id": "56dfb7187aa994140058e060", "answers": [{"text": "5th Century", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What color bush did an Anglo-Saxon woman raise to indicate that her ale was done brewing?", "id": "56dfb7187aa994140058e061", "answers": [{"text": "green", "answer_start": 527}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After the departure of Roman authority in the 5th Century and the fall of the Romano-British kingdoms, the Anglo-Saxons established alehouses that grew out of domestic dwellings, the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole to let people know her brew was ready. These alehouses quickly evolved into meeting houses for the folk to socially congregate, gossip and arrange mutual help within their communities. Herein lies the origin of the modern public house, or \"Pub\" as it is colloquially called in England. They rapidly spread across the Kingdom, becoming so commonplace that in 965 King Edgar decreed that there should be no more than one alehouse per village."}], ["Rumah bir cenderung untuk mengelakkan nama pub tradisional seperti The Crown, The Red Lion, The Royal Oak dll. Dan, jika mereka tidak hanya menyebut tempat tempat Smith's Beer House, mereka akan menggunakan nama-nama pub topikal dalam usaha untuk mencerminkan mood masa. <> Bersama dengan Royal Oak dan The Crown, apakah nama tradisional untuk sebuah pub? || The Lion Red <> Apa contoh nama sebuah rumah bir? || Smith's Beer House", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with The Royal Oak and The Crown, what is a traditional name for a pub?", "id": "56dfc02e7aa994140058e119", "answers": [{"text": "The Red Lion", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of a name for a beer house?", "id": "56dfc02e7aa994140058e11a", "answers": [{"text": "Smith's Beer House", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The beer houses tended to avoid the traditional pub names like The Crown, The Red Lion, The Royal Oak etc. and, if they did not simply name their place Smith's Beer House, they would apply topical pub names in an effort to reflect the mood of the times."}], ["Inns of Court dan Inns of Chancery di London bermula sebagai tempat penginapan biasa di mana para barristers bertemu untuk menjalankan perniagaan, tetapi menjadi institusi profesion undang-undang di England dan Wales. <> Bersama-sama dengan Inns of Chancery, di mana tempat penginapan pengacara British sejarah menjalankan perniagaan? || Inns of Court <> Di mana bandar terdapat Inns of Chancery? || London <> Di luar England, apa negara lain yang sistem undang-undang yang ditubuhkan di sekitar Inns of Court beroperasi? || Wales", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with the Inns of Chancery, in what inns did British lawyers historically conduct business?", "id": "56dfb970231d4119001abd0f", "answers": [{"text": "Inns of Court", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city are the Inns of Chancery located?", "id": "56dfb970231d4119001abd10", "answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Outside England, what other country does the legal system founded around the Inns of Court operate in?", "id": "56dfb970231d4119001abd11", "answers": [{"text": "Wales", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Inns of Court and Inns of Chancery in London started as ordinary inns where barristers met to do business, but became institutions of the legal profession in England and Wales."}], ["Ale Inggeris tradisional dibuat semata-mata daripada malt yang ditapai. Amalan menambah hop untuk menghasilkan bir diperkenalkan dari Belanda pada awal abad ke-15. Alehouses masing-masing akan membina ale tersendiri, tetapi pembuatan bir bebas mula muncul pada akhir abad ke-17. Menjelang akhir abad hampir semua bir diseduh oleh kilang bir komersial. <> Apakah ramuan bahasa Inggeris tradisional? || ditanam malt <> Negara mana yang mempelopori pengenalan hop untuk pengeluaran bir? || Belanda <> Dalam abad apakah proses menggunakan hop untuk menghasilkan bir yang diperkenalkan ke England? || 15th <> Dalam abad apakah serbuk bir pertama yang pertama muncul di England? || 17 <> Apa perniagaan bir bir yang dominan di England pada akhir abad ke-17? || kilang bir komersial", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the one ingredient of traditional English ale?", "id": "56dfb9fe231d4119001abd15", "answers": [{"text": "fermented malt", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country pioneered the introduction of hops for beer production?", "id": "56dfb9fe231d4119001abd16", "answers": [{"text": "the Netherlands", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century was the process of using hops to produce beer introduced to England?", "id": "56dfb9fe231d4119001abd17", "answers": [{"text": "15th", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did the first independent breweries appear in England?", "id": "56dfb9fe231d4119001abd18", "answers": [{"text": "17th", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What businesses were the dominant brewers of beer in England by the close of the 17th century?", "id": "56dfb9fe231d4119001abd19", "answers": [{"text": "commercial breweries", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries."}], ["Pada awal abad ke-19, digalakkan oleh tugas-tugas yang lebih rendah di gin, rumah-rumah gin atau \"Gin Palaces\" telah tersebar dari London ke kebanyakan bandar-bandar dan bandar-bandar di Britain, dengan kebanyakan pertubuhan-pertubuhan baru yang tidak sah dan tidak berlesen. Ini sarang-sarang minuman keras dan kuat yang sering dijelaskan oleh Charles Dickens dalam Sketches oleh Boz (diterbitkan pada tahun 1835-1836) semakin ditangkap sebagai penipuan yang tidak terkawal dari kekejaman atau jenayah dan sumber kesihatan dan alkohol yang teruk di kalangan pekerja kelas. <> Dalam abad berapakah rumah gin berkembang di seluruh Britain? || 19th <> Apa buku oleh Dickens menggambarkan aktiviti dalam pertubuhan minum? || Sketsa oleh Boz <> Berapa tempoh dua tahun Sketches oleh Boz ditulis? || 1835-1836 <> Apa nama lain untuk rumah gin pada awal abad ke-19? || \"Gin Palaces\" <> Dalam apa bandar British melakukan rumah-rumah gin mula muncul? || London", {"qas": [{"question": "In what century did gin houses proliferate throughout Britain?", "id": "56dfbdc47aa994140058e0d7", "answers": [{"text": "19th", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What book by Dickens described activities in drinking establishments?", "id": "56dfbdc47aa994140058e0d8", "answers": [{"text": "Sketches by Boz", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Over what two-year period was Sketches by Boz written?", "id": "56dfbdc47aa994140058e0d9", "answers": [{"text": "1835\u20131836", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was another name for gin houses early in the 19th century?", "id": "56dfbdc47aa994140058e0da", "answers": [{"text": "\"Gin Palaces\"", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what British city did gin houses first appear?", "id": "56dfbdc47aa994140058e0db", "answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By the early 19th century, encouraged by lower duties on gin, the gin houses or \"Gin Palaces\" had spread from London to most cities and towns in Britain, with most of the new establishments illegal and unlicensed. These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sketches by Boz (published 1835\u20131836) increasingly came to be held as unbridled cesspits of immorality or crime and the source of much ill-health and alcoholism among the working classes."}], ["Pada tahun pertama, 400 buah rumah bir dibuka dan dalam tempoh lapan tahun terdapat 46,000 di seluruh negara, jauh melebihi bilangan rumah kedai, pub, penginapan dan hotel yang telah lama dibina. Kerana begitu mudah untuk mendapatkan izin dan keuntungan mungkin besar berbanding dengan kos rendah mendapatkan izin, jumlah rumah bir terus meningkat dan di beberapa bandar hampir setiap rumah lain di jalan boleh menjadi rumah bir. Akhirnya pada 1869 pertumbuhan perlu diperiksa oleh kawalan magisterial dan undang-undang pelesenan baru diperkenalkan. Hanya pada masa itu ia menjadi lebih sukar untuk mendapatkan lesen, dan undang-undang pelesenan yang beroperasi hari ini telah dirumuskan. <> Berapa banyak rumah bir membuka pintu mereka pada tahun pertama Akta Beer? || 400 <> Berapa banyak rumah bir wujud di seluruh Britain lapan tahun selepas laluan Akta Beer? || 46,000 <> Pada tahun apakah undang-undang pelesenan tambahan diperkenalkan untuk rumah bir? || 1869", {"qas": [{"question": "How many beer houses opened their doors in the inaugural year of the Beer Act?", "id": "56dfbf737aa994140058e103", "answers": [{"text": "400", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many beer houses existed throughout Britain eight years after the passage of the Beer Act?", "id": "56dfbf737aa994140058e104", "answers": [{"text": "46,000", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year were additional licensing laws introduced for beer houses?", "id": "56dfbf737aa994140058e105", "answers": [{"text": "1869", "answer_start": 451}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the number of beer houses was continuing to rise and in some towns nearly every other house in a street could be a beer house. Finally in 1869 the growth had to be checked by magisterial control and new licensing laws were introduced. Only then was it made harder to get a licence, and the licensing laws which operate today were formulated."}], ["Di bawah sepanduk \"mengurangkan mabuk awam\", Akta Beer 1830 memperkenalkan sebuah premis yang lebih rendah di premis yang dibenarkan menjual alkohol, Rumah Bir. Pada masa itu bir dianggap sebagai tidak berbahaya, berkhasiat dan juga sihat. Kanak-kanak kecil sering diberi apa yang digambarkan sebagai bir kecil, yang diseduh untuk mempunyai kandungan alkohol yang rendah, kerana air tempatan sering tidak selamat. Malah gereja evangelikal dan pergerakan kesederhanaan hari melihat minum bir sangat sebagai kejahatan sekunder dan iringan biasa untuk makan. Oleh itu, bir yang disediakan secara bebas itu bertujuan untuk meredakan peminum dari kejahatan gin, atau pemikiran itu pergi. <> Apa undang-undang membenarkan kewujudan rumah bir? || Akta Beer 1830 <> Bagaimana cara bir kecil berbeza dengan bir biasa? || kandungan alkohol yang rendah <> Apa alkohol dianggap sebagai jahat apabila dibandingkan dengan bir? || gin <> Apakah niat di belakang laluan Akta Beer 1830? || mengurangkan pengsan awam", {"qas": [{"question": "What law allowed the existence of beer houses?", "id": "56dfbe6f231d4119001abd67", "answers": [{"text": "Beer Act of 1830", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what way did small beer differ from regular beer?", "id": "56dfbe6f231d4119001abd68", "answers": [{"text": "low alcohol content", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What alcohol was regarded as evil when compared to beer?", "id": "56dfbe6f231d4119001abd69", "answers": [{"text": "gin", "answer_start": 616}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the intention behind the passage of the Beer Act of 1830?", "id": "56dfbe6f231d4119001abd6a", "answers": [{"text": "reducing public drunkenness", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Under a banner of \"reducing public drunkenness\" the Beer Act of 1830 introduced a new lower tier of premises permitted to sell alcohol, the Beer Houses. At the time beer was viewed as harmless, nutritious and even healthy. Young children were often given what was described as small beer, which was brewed to have a low alcohol content, as the local water was often unsafe. Even the evangelical church and temperance movements of the day viewed the drinking of beer very much as a secondary evil and a normal accompaniment to a meal. The freely available beer was thus intended to wean the drinkers off the evils of gin, or so the thinking went."}], ["Kebodohan dan kekejaman yang dibuat oleh gin dilihat membawa kepada kerosakan dan penurunan kelas pekerja. Perbezaan [klarifikasi yang diperlukan] digambarkan oleh William Hogarth dalam ukirannya Street Bir dan Gin Lane. Akta Gin 1736 mengenakan cukai tinggi ke atas peruncit dan menyebabkan rusuhan di jalanan. Tugas larangan secara beransur-ansur dikurangkan dan akhirnya dimansuhkan pada tahun 1742. Akta Gin 1751 bagaimanapun lebih berjaya. Ia memaksa penyuling untuk menjual hanya kepada peruncit berlesen dan membawa kedai-kedai gin di bawah bidang kuasa majistret tempatan. <> Artis apa yang dibuat ukiran Beer Street dan Gin Lane? || William Hogarth <> Apa undang-undang yang dikenakan cukai tinggi di kedai-kedai gin dan mengakibatkan rusuhan? || Akta Gin 1736 <> Bilakah tugas Gin 1736 dihapuskan? || 1742 <> Apa undang-undang meletakkan kedai gin di bawah kawalan hakim tempatan? || Akta Gin 1751", {"qas": [{"question": "What artist created the engraving Beer Street and Gin Lane?", "id": "56dfbb977aa994140058e0b5", "answers": [{"text": "William Hogarth", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What law imposed a high tax on gin shops and resulted in riots?", "id": "56dfbb977aa994140058e0b6", "answers": [{"text": "The Gin Act 1736", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the Gin Act 1736 duties eliminated? ", "id": "56dfbb977aa994140058e0b7", "answers": [{"text": "1742", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What law placed gin shops under the control of local magistrates?", "id": "56dfbb977aa994140058e0b8", "answers": [{"text": "The Gin Act 1751", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The drunkenness and lawlessness created by gin was seen to lead to ruination and degradation of the working classes. The distinction[clarification needed] was illustrated by William Hogarth in his engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane. The Gin Act 1736 imposed high taxes on retailers and led to riots in the streets. The prohibitive duty was gradually reduced and finally abolished in 1742. The Gin Act 1751 however was more successful. It forced distillers to sell only to licensed retailers and brought gin shops under the jurisdiction of local magistrates."}], ["Di bawah Akta 1830 mana-mana ahli isi rumah yang membayar kadar boleh memohon, dengan pembayaran sekali dua guineas (kira-kira sama dengan nilai kepada \u00a3 168 hari ini), untuk menjual bir atau sari di rumahnya (biasanya ruang tamu) dan juga untuk membuat minuman sendiri di premisnya. Kebenaran itu tidak memanjangkan penjualan semangat dan anggur yang diperkaya, dan mana-mana rumah bir yang ditemui menjual barang-barang itu ditutup dan pemiliknya didenda. Rumah bir tidak dibenarkan dibuka pada hari Ahad. Bir biasanya dihidangkan dalam kendi atau dibekalkan langsung dari tong kayu yang ditikam di atas meja di sudut bilik. Selalunya keuntungan yang begitu tinggi pemiliknya dapat membeli rumah di sebelah untuk hidup, memalingkan setiap bilik di rumah bekas mereka menjadi bar dan lounge untuk pelanggan. <> Apakah anggaran nilai moden dua guineas pada tahun 1830? || \u00a3 168 <> Apakah Akta Beer membenarkan penghuni rumah untuk menjual dari rumahnya? || bir atau cider <> Pada hari apakah rumah bir ditutup? || Ahad <> Bersama dengan tong, apa yang biasanya dikeluarkan oleh bir? || jugs <> Apa yang dilarang daripada dijual di rumah bir? || semangat dan wain diperkaya", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the approximate modern value of two guineas in 1830?", "id": "56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f3", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a3168", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Beer Act allow a householder to sell from his home?", "id": "56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f4", "answers": [{"text": "beer or cider", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day were beer houses closed?", "id": "56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f5", "answers": [{"text": "Sundays", "answer_start": 456}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with barrels, what was beer typically dispensed from?", "id": "56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f6", "answers": [{"text": "jugs", "answer_start": 496}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was forbidden from being sold in beer houses?", "id": "56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f7", "answers": [{"text": "spirits and fortified wines", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Under the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to \u00a3168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortified wines, and any beer house discovered selling those items was closed down and the owner heavily fined. Beer houses were not permitted to open on Sundays. The beer was usually served in jugs or dispensed directly from tapped wooden barrels on a table in the corner of the room. Often profits were so high the owners were able to buy the house next door to live in, turning every room in their former home into bars and lounges for customers."}], ["Walaupun undang-undang pelesenan baru menghalang rumah-rumah bir baru daripada diwujudkan, mereka yang sudah ada dibenarkan untuk terus dan ramai yang tidak menutup sehingga hampir akhir abad ke-19. Bilangan yang sangat kecil kekal pada abad ke-21. Kebanyakan rumah bir memohon lesen baru dan menjadi pub penuh. Pertubuhan-pertubuhan yang biasanya kecil ini masih boleh dikenalpasti di banyak bandar, seolah-olah berada di tengah-tengah kawasan perumahan yang bertingkat di seberang jalan, tidak seperti pub yang dibina khas yang biasanya terdapat di penjuru atau persimpangan jalan. Ramai pembuat minuman keras ale sebenar yang sebenar di UK bermula sebagai pembuat bir di rumah di bawah Akta 1830. <> Apakah pertubuhan-pertubuhan yang menjadi rumah bir selepas membeli lesen tambahan? || pub <> Pada akhir abad apakah kebanyakan rumah bir ditutup? || 19 <<Di manakah tempat yang dibina khas lazimnya terletak? || sudut atau persimpangan jalan <> Apa yang membuat bir moden sering kali bermula sebagai rumah bir? || bir ale sebenar", {"qas": [{"question": "What establishments did beer houses become after buying an additional license?", "id": "56dfbfff7aa994140058e111", "answers": [{"text": "pubs", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By the end of what century were most beer houses closed?", "id": "56dfbfff7aa994140058e112", "answers": [{"text": "19th", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are purpose-built pubs typically located?", "id": "56dfbfff7aa994140058e113", "answers": [{"text": "corners or road junctions", "answer_start": 551}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What modern brewers often first began as beer houses?", "id": "56dfbfff7aa994140058e114", "answers": [{"text": "real ale micro-brewers", "answer_start": 604}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although the new licensing laws prevented new beer houses from being created, those already in existence were allowed to continue and many did not close until nearly the end of the 19th century. A very small number remained into the 21st century. The vast majority of the beer houses applied for the new licences and became full pubs. These usually small establishments can still be identified in many towns, seemingly oddly located in the middle of otherwise terraced housing part way up a street, unlike purpose-built pubs that are usually found on corners or road junctions. Many of today's respected real ale micro-brewers in the UK started as home based Beer House brewers under the 1830 Act."}], ["Abad ke-18 menyaksikan pertumbuhan besar dalam jumlah pertubuhan minum, terutamanya disebabkan pengenalan gin. Gin dibawa ke England oleh Belanda selepas Revolusi Agung 1688 dan menjadi sangat popular selepas kerajaan mewujudkan pasaran untuk \"gandum bijirin\" atau \"malt berbunyi\" yang tidak sesuai untuk digunakan dalam pembuatan bir dan penyulingan dengan membenarkan gin dan bir tanpa izin pengeluaran, sambil mengenakan duti berat ke atas semua roh yang diimport. Ketika beribu-ribu toko-toko dijual di seluruh England, pembuat minuman keras bertempur dengan meningkatkan jumlah alehouses. Menjelang 1740 pengeluaran gin telah meningkat kepada enam kali bir dan kerana murahnya ia menjadi popular dengan orang miskin, yang membawa kepada apa yang dipanggil Gin Craze. Lebih separuh daripada 15,000 pertubuhan minuman di London adalah kedai-kedai gin. <> Selepas apa pergolakan politik yang diperkenalkan ke England? || Revolusi Glorious <> Apakah orang yang memperkenalkan gin ke England? || Belanda <> Pada tahun apakah Revolusi Glorious berlaku? || 1688 <> Berapa banyak lebih daripada bir dibuat di England pada tahun 1740? || enam kali <> Pada tahun 1740, berapa pecahan pertubuhan minuman di London adalah kedai-kedai gin? || separuh", {"qas": [{"question": "After what political upheaval was gin introduced to England?", "id": "56dfba5f231d4119001abd29", "answers": [{"text": "the Glorious Revolution", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What people introduced gin to England?", "id": "56dfba5f231d4119001abd2a", "answers": [{"text": "the Dutch", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Glorious Revolution occur?", "id": "56dfba5f231d4119001abd2b", "answers": [{"text": "1688", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much more gin than beer was made in England in 1740?", "id": "56dfba5f231d4119001abd2c", "answers": [{"text": "six times", "answer_start": 608}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1740, what fraction of London drinking establishments were gin shops?", "id": "56dfba5f231d4119001abd2d", "answers": [{"text": "half", "answer_start": 734}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin. Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and became very popular after the government created a market for \"cuckoo grain\" or \"cuckoo malt\" that was unfit to be used in brewing and distilling by allowing unlicensed gin and beer production, while imposing a heavy duty on all imported spirits. As thousands of gin-shops sprang up all over England, brewers fought back by increasing the number of alehouses. By 1740 the production of gin had increased to six times that of beer and because of its cheapness it became popular with the poor, leading to the so-called Gin Craze. Over half of the 15,000 drinking establishments in London were gin shops."}], ["Undang-undang pelesenan Scotland dan Ireland Utara telah lama menjadi lebih fleksibel, yang membolehkan pihak berkuasa tempatan menetapkan waktu pembukaan dan penutupan pub. Di Scotland, ini berpunca dari [penjelasan yang diperlukan] undang-undang pelesenan perang lewat, yang terus berkuatkuasa sehingga tahun 1976. Apabila undang-undang pelesenan perang berakhir di Scotland? || 1976 <> Apa negara-negara pelanggar undang-undang pelesenan United Kingdom adalah fleksibel? || Scotland dan Ireland Utara", {"qas": [{"question": "When were wartime licensing laws ended in Scotland?", "id": "56dfd80f231d4119001abe39", "answers": [{"text": "1976", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What constituent countries of the United Kingdom's licensing laws were notably flexible?", "id": "56dfd80f231d4119001abe3a", "answers": [{"text": "Scotland's and Northern Ireland's", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Scotland's and Northern Ireland's licensing laws have long been more flexible, allowing local authorities to set pub opening and closing times. In Scotland, this stemmed out of[clarification needed] a late repeal of the wartime licensing laws, which stayed in force until 1976."}], ["Rekod pelesenan terperinci disimpan, memberikan Rumah Awam, alamatnya, pemiliknya, pemegang lesen dan penyalahguna lesen pemegang lesen, yang sering kembali beratus-ratus tahun [rujukan?]. Banyak rekod ini dapat bertahan dan boleh dilihat, sebagai contoh, di pusat Arkib London Metropolitan. <> Di mana rekod perlesenan sejarah boleh diperiksa? || Pusat Arkib Metropolitan London <> Bersama alamat rumah, pemegang lesen, dan penyalahguna lesen orang awam, maklumat apa yang disimpan dalam rekod pelesenan? || pemiliknya", {"qas": [{"question": "Where can historical licensing records be examined?", "id": "56dfd601231d4119001abe17", "answers": [{"text": "London Metropolitan Archives centre", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with a public house's address, licensee, and the licensee's misdemeanors, what information was kept in licensing records?", "id": "56dfd601231d4119001abe18", "answers": [{"text": "owner", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Detailed licensing records were kept, giving the Public House, its address, owner, licensee and misdemeanours of the licensees, often going back for hundreds of years[citation needed]. Many of these records survive and can be viewed, for example, at the London Metropolitan Archives centre."}], ["Dari pertengahan abad ke-19 pada waktu pembukaan premis berlesen di UK telah dibatasi. Walau bagaimanapun, pelesenan secara beransur-ansur diliberalisasikan selepas tahun 1960-an, sehingga permohonan pelesenan diperjuangkan menjadi sangat jarang, dan fungsi pentadbiran yang lain telah dipindahkan kepada Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan pada tahun 2005. <> Dalam abad apakah jam operasi pertubuhan minum pertama kali terhad? || 19th <> Dalam apa dekad apakah pembatasan lesen penubuhan minuman beralkohol? || 1960-an <> Apa badan yang dikendalikan meminum pentadbiran pelesenan pentadbiran pada tahun 2005? || Pihak berkuasa tempatan", {"qas": [{"question": "In what century were the operating hours of drinking establishments first limited?", "id": "56dfc0e0231d4119001abd9f", "answers": [{"text": "19th", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what decade were the restrictions on public drinking establishment licenses loosened?", "id": "56dfc0e0231d4119001abda0", "answers": [{"text": "1960s", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What bodies controlled drinking establishment licensing administration as of 2005?", "id": "56dfc0e0231d4119001abda1", "answers": [{"text": "Local Authorities", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From the mid-19th century on the opening hours of licensed premises in the UK were restricted. However licensing was gradually liberalised after the 1960s, until contested licensing applications became very rare, and the remaining administrative function was transferred to Local Authorities in 2005."}], ["Terdapat peraturan mengenai tempat minum awam pada abad ke-17 dan ke-18, [rujukan?] Dan pendapatan yang diperoleh daripada lesen memberi manfaat kepada mahkota. Pemilik tavern dikehendaki memiliki lesen untuk menjual ale, dan lesen berasingan untuk semangat sulingan. <> Sebagai tambahan kepada lesen untuk menjual semangat, apakah pemilik kedai kopi memerlukan lesen untuk dijual? || ale <> Dalam abad apa peraturan minuman awam mula-mula wujud di England? || 17th <> Parti apa yang menerima pendapatan daripada penjualan lesen rumah minuman? || Mahkota", {"qas": [{"question": "In addition to a license to sell spirits, what did tavern owners require a license to sell?", "id": "56dfc0887aa994140058e11d", "answers": [{"text": "ale", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did public drinking regulations first exist in England?", "id": "56dfc0887aa994140058e11e", "answers": [{"text": "17th", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What party received income from the sale of public drinking house licenses?", "id": "56dfc0887aa994140058e11f", "answers": [{"text": "the crown", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits."}], ["Sekatan-sekatan itu diperketatkan oleh Undang-Undang Pertahanan Tanah pada bulan Ogos 1914, yang bersama-sama dengan pengenalan catuan dan penapisan media untuk tujuan perang, jam pembukaan pub yang terhad hingga pukul 12 tengah hari-2: 30 malam dan 6:30 petang-9: 30 malam. Pembukaan untuk jam berlesen penuh adalah wajib, dan waktu tutup sama dikuatkuasakan oleh polis; seorang tuan rumah mungkin kehilangan lesennya untuk pelanggaran. Pub ditutup di bawah Akta dan pampasan yang dibayar, contohnya di Pembrokeshire. <> Apa undang-undang membatasi rumah awam? || Undang-Undang Pertahanan Tanah <> Dalam bulan dan tahun apakah Perlindungan Akta Tanah? || Ogos 1914 <> Bersama dengan tempoh 6:30 petang-9: 30 malam, berapa jam pembukaan boleh diterima di bawah Akta Pertahanan Tanah? || 12 tengah hari-2: 30 malam <> Apakah contoh sebuah daerah di mana provinsi ditutup kerana melanggar Akta Pertahanan Tanah? || Pembrokeshire <> Apakah jam penutupan pub yang dikuatkuasakan di bawah Akta Pertahanan Tanah? || polis", {"qas": [{"question": "What law further restricted public houses?", "id": "56dfd68c231d4119001abe1b", "answers": [{"text": "the Defence of the Realm Act", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month and year was the Defence of the Realm Act passed?", "id": "56dfd68c231d4119001abe1c", "answers": [{"text": "August 1914", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the period 6:30 pm\u20139:30 pm, what opening hours were acceptable under the Defence of the Realm Act?", "id": "56dfd68c231d4119001abe1d", "answers": [{"text": "12 noon\u20132:30 pm", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of a county where provinces were closed for violating the Defence of the Realm Act?", "id": "56dfd68c231d4119001abe1e", "answers": [{"text": "Pembrokeshire", "answer_start": 485}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body enforced pubs' closing hours under the Defence of the Realm Act?", "id": "56dfd68c231d4119001abe1f", "answers": [{"text": "the police", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon\u20132:30 pm and 6:30 pm\u20139:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing time was equally firmly enforced by the police; a landlord might lose his licence for infractions. Pubs were closed under the Act and compensation paid, for example in Pembrokeshire."}], ["Akta Pelesenan 2003, yang berkuat kuasa pada 24 November 2005, menyatukan banyak undang-undang ke dalam satu Akta. Ini membenarkan pub di England dan Wales untuk memohon kepada majlis tempatan untuk pilihan waktu pilihan mereka. Adalah dikatakan bahawa ini akan menamatkan kepekatan keganasan kira-kira 11.30 malam, apabila orang terpaksa meninggalkan pub, membuat polis lebih mudah. Dalam praktiknya, kemasukan hospital berkaitan alkohol meningkat berikutan perubahan dalam undang-undang, dengan alkohol yang terlibat dalam penerimaan sebanyak 207,800 pada 2006/7. Pengkritik mendakwa bahawa undang-undang ini akan membawa kepada \"minum 24 jam\". Pada masa undang-undang berkuatkuasa, 60,326 pertubuhan telah memohon untuk waktu yang lebih lama dan 1,121 telah memohon lesen untuk menjual alkohol 24 jam sehari. Walau bagaimanapun sembilan bulan kemudian banyak pub tidak berubah jam mereka, walaupun ada yang tinggal lebih lama dibuka pada hujung minggu, tetapi jarang melampaui 1:00 pagi. <> Bilakah Akta Pelesenan 2003 berkuatkuasa? || 24 November 2005 <> Selepas Akta Pelesenan 2003, siapa yang menentukan jam operasi pub? || majlis tempatan <> Sehubungan dengan jam tutup tradisional, bilakah terdapat kerap keganasan di luar pub? || 11.30 malam <> Berapa banyak alkohol yang terlibat kemasukan hospital yang ada di 2006/7? || 207,800 <> Berapa banyak pub yang digunakan untuk dibenarkan menjual alkohol 24 jam sehari? || 1,121", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Licensing Act 2003 come into effect?", "id": "56dfdaca7aa994140058e1b5", "answers": [{"text": "24 November 2005", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After the Licensing Act 2003, who determined the operating hours of pubs?", "id": "56dfdaca7aa994140058e1b6", "answers": [{"text": "the local council", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Due to the traditional closing hours, when was there often violence outside of pubs?", "id": "56dfdaca7aa994140058e1b7", "answers": [{"text": "11.30 pm", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many alcohol involved hospital admissions were there in 2006/7?", "id": "56dfdaca7aa994140058e1b8", "answers": [{"text": "207,800", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many pubs applied to be allowed to sell alcohol 24 hours a day?", "id": "56dfdaca7aa994140058e1b9", "answers": [{"text": "1,121", "answer_start": 661}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Licensing Act 2003, which came into force on 24 November 2005, consolidated the many laws into a single Act. This allowed pubs in England and Wales to apply to the local council for the opening hours of their choice. It was argued that this would end the concentration of violence around 11.30 pm, when people had to leave the pub, making policing easier. In practice, alcohol-related hospital admissions rose following the change in the law, with alcohol involved in 207,800 admissions in 2006/7. Critics claimed that these laws would lead to \"24-hour drinking\". By the time the law came into effect, 60,326 establishments had applied for longer hours and 1,121 had applied for a licence to sell alcohol 24 hours a day. However nine months later many pubs had not changed their hours, although some stayed open longer at the weekend, but rarely beyond 1:00 am."}], ["\"Kunci masuk\" adalah apabila pemilik pub membenarkan peminum tinggal di pub selepas masa penutupan undang-undang, berdasarkan teori bahawa apabila pintu terkunci, ia menjadi pihak swasta dan bukannya sebuah pub. Para pelanggan boleh meletakkan wang di belakang bar sebelum masa tutup rasmi, dan menebus minuman mereka semasa kunci masuk supaya tiada minuman secara teknikal dijual selepas waktu tutup. Asal-usul lock-in Britain adalah tindak balas kepada 1915 perubahan dalam undang-undang pelesenan di England dan Wales, yang menghalangi pembukaan jam untuk menghentikan pekerja kilang daripada menjadi mabuk dan merosakkan usaha perang. Sejak tahun 1915, undang-undang perlesenan UK telah berubah sedikit, dengan masa penutupan yang agak awal. Oleh itu, tradisi lock-in kekal. Sejak pelaksanaan Akta Pelesenan 2003, premis di England dan Wales mungkin memohon untuk memperluaskan jam pembukaan mereka melampaui 11 malam, yang membolehkan minum-minum sepanjang hari dan menghapuskan banyak keperluan untuk lock-in. Sejak pengharaman merokok, sesetengah pertubuhan mengendalikan lock-in di mana pelanggan yang tinggal boleh merokok tanpa kesan, tetapi, tidak seperti penguncian minum, membenarkan merokok di pub masih merupakan kesalahan yang boleh didakwa. <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila pemilik pub membenarkan pengunjung tetap apabila pub itu sepatutnya ditutup? || \"lock-in\" <> Undang-undang apa yang membenarkan pub digunakan untuk melanjutkan waktu tutup mereka selepas 11 malam? || Akta Pelesenan 2003 <> Undang-undang tahun apa yang mendorong kewujudan \"kunci masuk\"? || 1915 <> Apa tindakan oleh pemilik pub boleh menyebabkan pendakwaannya? || membenarkan merokok", {"qas": [{"question": "What is it called when the owner of a pub allows patrons to remain when the pub should have closed?", "id": "56dfdb677aa994140058e1bf", "answers": [{"text": "\"lock-in\"", "answer_start": 2}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What law allows pubs to apply to extend their closing hours after 11pm?", "id": "56dfdb677aa994140058e1c0", "answers": [{"text": "Licensing Act 2003", "answer_start": 737}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A law of what year prompted the existence of the \"lock-in\"?", "id": "56dfdb677aa994140058e1c1", "answers": [{"text": "1915", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What action by a pub owner can result in his prosecution?", "id": "56dfdb677aa994140058e1c2", "answers": [{"text": "allowing smoking", "answer_start": 1081}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A \"lock-in\" is when a pub owner lets drinkers stay in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks are technically sold after closing time. The origin of the British lock-in was a reaction to 1915 changes in the licensing laws in England and Wales, which curtailed opening hours to stop factory workers from turning up drunk and harming the war effort. Since 1915, the UK licensing laws had changed very little, with comparatively early closing times. The tradition of the lock-in therefore remained. Since the implementation of Licensing Act 2003, premises in England and Wales may apply to extend their opening hours beyond 11 pm, allowing round-the-clock drinking and removing much of the need for lock-ins. Since the smoking ban, some establishments operated a lock-in during which the remaining patrons could smoke without repercussions but, unlike drinking lock-ins, allowing smoking in a pub was still a prosecutable offence."}], ["Walau bagaimanapun, masa penutupan semakin tidak diingini di pub negara. Di England dan Wales pada tahun 2000 pub dibuka secara terbuka dari 11 pagi (12 tengah hari Ahad) hingga 11 malam (10:30 malam pada hari Ahad). Tahun itu juga yang pertama membenarkan pembukaan berterusan selama 36 jam dari 11 pagi pada Malam Tahun Baru hingga 11 malam pada Hari Tahun Baru. Di samping itu, banyak bandar raya mempunyai undang-undang kecil untuk membenarkan sesetengah pub melanjutkan waktu buka hingga tengah malam atau 1 pagi, sementara kelab malam telah lama diberikan lesen lewat untuk mengabdi alkohol ke pagi hari. Pub berhampiran pasar Smithfield di London, pasar ikan Billingsgate dan pasar buah-buahan dan bunga Covent Garden boleh terus dibuka 24 jam sehari sejak zaman Victoria untuk menyediakan perkhidmatan kepada pekerja-pekerja beralih dari pasaran. <> Circa 2000, apakah pub-pub terbaru di Wales boleh dibuka sehingga setiap hari tetapi hari Ahad? || 11 malam <> Apakah masa penutupan undang-undang terkini pada hari Ahad dalam pub bahasa Inggeris pada tahun 2000? || 10:30 malam <> Berapa jam sehari adalah pub yang terletak berhampiran pasar ikan Billingsgate yang dibenarkan untuk terus dibuka? || 24 <> Pada tahun 2000, apakah pub Welsh dan Inggeris yang paling awal dapat dibuka pada hari Ahad? || 12 tengah hari <> Pada tahun 2000, apakah pub Welsh dan Inggeris yang paling awal dapat dibuka pada hari apa pun tetapi hari Ahad? || 11 pagi", {"qas": [{"question": "Circa 2000, what was the latest pubs in Wales could be open until on every day but Sunday?", "id": "56dfd7cf231d4119001abe2f", "answers": [{"text": "11 pm", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the latest legal closing time on Sundays in English pubs as of 2000?", "id": "56dfd7cf231d4119001abe30", "answers": [{"text": "10:30 pm", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many hours per day were pubs located near Billingsgate fish market allowed to remain open?", "id": "56dfd7cf231d4119001abe31", "answers": [{"text": "24", "answer_start": 637}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2000, what was the earliest Welsh and English pubs could open on Sundays?", "id": "56dfd7cf231d4119001abe32", "answers": [{"text": "12 noon", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2000, what was the earliest Welsh and English pubs could open on any day but Sunday?", "id": "56dfd7cf231d4119001abe33", "answers": [{"text": "11 am", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's Day. In addition, many cities had by-laws to allow some pubs to extend opening hours to midnight or 1 am, whilst nightclubs had long been granted late licences to serve alcohol into the morning. Pubs near London's Smithfield market, Billingsgate fish market and Covent Garden fruit and flower market could stay open 24 hours a day since Victorian times to provide a service to the shift working employees of the markets."}], ["Terdapat satu kes khas yang ditubuhkan di bawah Skim Pengurusan Negeri di mana kilang bir dan premis berlesen telah dibeli dan dikendalikan oleh kerajaan sehingga tahun 1973, yang paling penting di Carlisle. Pada abad ke-20 di mana-mana, kedua-dua undang-undang dan penguatkuasaan pelesenan secara beransur-ansur melegakan, dan terdapat perbezaan antara paroki; pada tahun 1960-an, pada waktu penutupan di Kensington pada pukul 10:30 malam, peminum akan bergegas ke sempadan paroki untuk bersenang-senang untuk \"Perintah Terakhir\" di Knightsbridge sebelum pukul 11 malam, amalan yang diperhatikan di banyak pub yang bersempadan dengan sempadan kawasan pelesenan. Sesetengah gereja Scotland dan Welsh kekal secara rasmi \"kering\" pada hari Ahad (walaupun selalunya ini hanya perlu mengetuk pintu belakang pub). Jam pembukaan yang terhad ini membawa kepada tradisi lock-in. <> Apakah masa tutup pub yang diamanatkan di Kensington pada tahun 1960-an? || 10:30 petang <> Apakah masa tutup pub yang diamanatkan di Knightsbridge pada tahun 1960-an? || 11 malam <> Apakah contoh sebuah kota Inggeris di mana kilang bir dijalankan oleh kerajaan? || Carlisle <> Dalam tahun apakah Skim Pengurusan Negeri terhenti? || 1973 <> Pada hari berapa pubes Scotland dan Welsh sering 'kering'? || Ahad", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the mandated closing time of pubs in Kensington in the 1960s?", "id": "56dfd73b231d4119001abe25", "answers": [{"text": "10:30 pm", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the mandated closing time of pubs in Knightsbridge in the 1960s?", "id": "56dfd73b231d4119001abe26", "answers": [{"text": "11 pm", "answer_start": 493}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of an English city where breweries were run by the government?", "id": "56dfd73b231d4119001abe27", "answers": [{"text": "Carlisle", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the State Management Scheme cease?", "id": "56dfd73b231d4119001abe28", "answers": [{"text": "1973", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what days were Scottish and Welsh pubs often 'dry'?", "id": "56dfd73b231d4119001abe29", "answers": [{"text": "Sundays", "answer_start": 632}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There was a special case established under the State Management Scheme where the brewery and licensed premises were bought and run by the state until 1973, most notably in Carlisle. During the 20th century elsewhere, both the licensing laws and enforcement were progressively relaxed, and there were differences between parishes; in the 1960s, at closing time in Kensington at 10:30 pm, drinkers would rush over the parish boundary to be in good time for \"Last Orders\" in Knightsbridge before 11 pm, a practice observed in many pubs adjoining licensing area boundaries. Some Scottish and Welsh parishes remained officially \"dry\" on Sundays (although often this merely required knocking at the back door of the pub). These restricted opening hours led to the tradition of lock-ins."}], ["Akta Wain dan Beerhouse 1869 memperkenalkan semula kawalan yang ketat pada abad yang lalu. Jualan bir, wain atau semangat memerlukan lesen untuk premis dari majistret tempatan. Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengatur permainan, mabuk, pelacuran dan kelakuan yang tidak diinginkan di premis berlesen, yang dapat dikuatkan oleh pendakwaan atau lebih efektif oleh tuan tanah di bawah ancaman melepaskan lesennya. Lesen hanya diberikan, dipindahkan atau diperbaharui di Mahkamah Sesyen Pelesenan khas, dan terhad kepada individu yang dihormati. Seringkali ini bekas tentera atau bekas anggota polis; bersara untuk menjalankan pub adalah popular di kalangan pegawai tentera pada akhir perkhidmatan mereka. Syarat-syarat lesen berbeza-beza mengikut amalan tempatan. Mereka akan menentukan jam yang dibenarkan, yang mungkin memerlukan penutupan hari Ahad, atau sebaliknya membenarkan pembukaan sepanjang malam berhampiran pasar. Biasanya mereka mungkin memerlukan pembukaan sepanjang waktu yang dibenarkan, dan penyediaan makanan atau tandas. Sebaik sahaja diperoleh, lesen dilindungi secara rahsia oleh pemegang lesen (yang dijangka secara umum hadir, bukan pemilik atau syarikat tidak hadir), dan bahkan \"Lesen Sekali\" untuk memberi minuman di premis sementara seperti f\u00eates biasanya diberikan hanya kepada pemegang lesen sedia ada . Bantahan boleh dibuat oleh pihak polis, tuan tanah tuan rumah atau orang lain atas sebab pelanggaran seperti menjauhkan diri daripada pemabuk, premis yang tidak disengajakan atau kotor, atau mengabaikan waktu yang dibenarkan. <> Apa undang-undang yang dimandatkan lesen dari majistret tempatan untuk menjual bir? || Akta Wain dan Beerhouse 1869 <> Di mana lokasi terdapat lesen rumah awam? || Mahkamah Sesyen Pelesenan Khas <> Pesara dari apa yang dua profesion sering mencari lesen untuk pub? || bekas bekas askar atau bekas polis <> Apakah lesen dipanggil yang dibenarkan roh untuk disampaikan di premis sementara? || Lesen sekali-sekala", {"qas": [{"question": "What law mandated a license from the local magistrate to sell beer?", "id": "56dfd598231d4119001abe0f", "answers": [{"text": "Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what locations were public house licenses granted?", "id": "56dfd598231d4119001abe10", "answers": [{"text": "special Licensing Sessions courts", "answer_start": 458}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Retirees from what two professions often sought licenses for pubs?", "id": "56dfd598231d4119001abe11", "answers": [{"text": "ex-servicemen or ex-policemen", "answer_start": 555}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were licenses called that allowed spirits to be served at temporary premises?", "id": "56dfd598231d4119001abe12", "answers": [{"text": "Occasional Licences", "answer_start": 1129}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869 reintroduced the stricter controls of the previous century. The sale of beers, wines or spirits required a licence for the premises from the local magistrates. Further provisions regulated gaming, drunkenness, prostitution and undesirable conduct on licensed premises, enforceable by prosecution or more effectively by the landlord under threat of forfeiting his licence. Licences were only granted, transferred or renewed at special Licensing Sessions courts, and were limited to respectable individuals. Often these were ex-servicemen or ex-policemen; retiring to run a pub was popular amongst military officers at the end of their service. Licence conditions varied widely, according to local practice. They would specify permitted hours, which might require Sunday closing, or conversely permit all-night opening near a market. Typically they might require opening throughout the permitted hours, and the provision of food or lavatories. Once obtained, licences were jealously protected by the licensees (who were expected to be generally present, not an absentee owner or company), and even \"Occasional Licences\" to serve drinks at temporary premises such as f\u00eates would usually be granted only to existing licensees. Objections might be made by the police, rival landlords or anyone else on the grounds of infractions such as serving drunks, disorderly or dirty premises, or ignoring permitted hours."}], ["\"Enjin bir\" adalah alat untuk mengepam bir, pada asalnya secara manual dikendalikan dan biasanya digunakan untuk mengeluarkan bir dari tong atau bekas di bawah tanah atau ruang bawah tanah pub. <> Apakah \"enjin bir\"? || peranti untuk mengepam bir <> Apakah fungsi \"mesin bir\"? || untuk mengeluarkan bir dari tong atau bekas di bawah tanah atau ruang bawah tanah pub", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a \"beer engine\"?", "id": "56dfdfd97aa994140058e1f5", "answers": [{"text": "a device for pumping beer", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the function of a \"beer engine\"?", "id": "56dfdfd97aa994140058e1f6", "answers": [{"text": "to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A \"beer engine\" is a device for pumping beer, originally manually operated and typically used to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar."}], ["Isambard Kingdom Brunel, jurutera Inggeris dan pembina keretapi, memperkenalkan idea bar pekeliling ke pub stesen Swindon agar pelanggan dapat berkhidmat dengan cepat dan tidak menangguhkan keretanya. Bar pulau ini menjadi popular kerana mereka juga membenarkan kakitangan untuk melayani pelanggan di beberapa bilik yang berbeza di sekitar bar. <> Siapa yang mempelopori bar pekeliling? || Isambard Kingdom Brunel <> Pada penubuhan apa bar diperkenalkan? || Pub stesen Swindon <> Apakah pengepungan Isambard Brunel? || jurutera dan pembina keretapi <> Apakah kewarganegaraan Isambard Brunel? || Inggeris", {"qas": [{"question": "Who pioneered the circular bar?", "id": "56dfdfae231d4119001abe4b", "answers": [{"text": "Isambard Kingdom Brunel", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what establishment was the circular bar introduced?", "id": "56dfdfae231d4119001abe4c", "answers": [{"text": "Swindon station pub", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Isambard Brunel's occuption?", "id": "56dfdfae231d4119001abe4d", "answers": [{"text": "engineer and railway builder", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Isambard Brunel's nationality?", "id": "56dfdfae231d4119001abe4e", "answers": [{"text": "British", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the British engineer and railway builder, introduced the idea of a circular bar into the Swindon station pub in order that customers were served quickly and did not delay his trains. These island bars became popular as they also allowed staff to serve customers in several different rooms surrounding the bar."}], ["CAMRA telah meninjau 50,000 pub di Britain dan mereka percaya bahawa ada sangat sedikit pub yang masih mempunyai sangkut klasik. Ini adalah di dalam senarai dalaman bersejarah supaya mereka dapat dipelihara. <> Berapa banyak pub adalah sebahagian daripada kaji selidik CAMRA? || 50,000 <> Menurut CAMRA, berapa pub di Britain mempunyai snugs klasik? || sangat sedikit", {"qas": [{"question": "How many pubs were part of the CAMRA survey?", "id": "56dfdeda231d4119001abe3d", "answers": [{"text": "50,000", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to CAMRA, how many pubs in Britain possess classic snugs?", "id": "56dfdeda231d4119001abe3e", "answers": [{"text": "very few", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "CAMRA have surveyed the 50,000 pubs in Britain and they believe that there are very few pubs that still have classic snugs. These are on a historic interiors list in order that they can be preserved."}], ["Kemudian, bar awam secara beransur-ansur bertambah baik sehingga kadang-kadang hampir satu-satunya perbezaan adalah pada harga, supaya pelanggan boleh memilih antara ekonomi dan eksklusif (atau belia dan umur, atau jukebox atau dartboard). pada tahun 1960-an dan 1970-an, perbezaan di antara saloon dan bar awam sering dilihat sebagai archaic, [rujukan?] dan sering dihapuskan, biasanya dengan mengeluarkan dinding atau partition membahagi. [rujukan?] nama saloon dan bar awam masih boleh dilihat di pintu pub, harga (dan selalunya standard hiasan dan hiasan) adalah sama di seluruh premis, dan banyak pub kini terdiri daripada satu bilik besar. Bagaimanapun kepentingan moden makan di pub menggalakkan beberapa pertubuhan untuk mengekalkan bilik atau kawasan yang berbeza. <> Dalam beberapa dekad apakah perbezaan kelas merosot di Britain? || 1960-an dan 1970-an <> Apa cara biasa untuk membuang bahagian antara saloon dan bar? || penyingkiran dinding atau partition pembahagian", {"qas": [{"question": "In what decades did class distinctions break down in Britain?", "id": "56dfde447aa994140058e1e9", "answers": [{"text": "the 1960s and 1970s", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was a common way of removing the division between the saloon and bar?", "id": "56dfde447aa994140058e1ea", "answers": [{"text": "removal of the dividing wall or partition", "answer_start": 452}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Later, the public bars gradually improved until sometimes almost the only difference was in the prices, so that customers could choose between economy and exclusivity (or youth and age, or a jukebox or dartboard).[citation needed] With the blurring of class divisions in the 1960s and 1970s,[citation needed] the distinction between the saloon and the public bar was often seen as archaic,[citation needed] and was frequently abolished, usually by the removal of the dividing wall or partition.[citation needed] While the names of saloon and public bar may still be seen on the doors of pubs, the prices (and often the standard of furnishings and decoration) are the same throughout the premises, and many pubs now comprise one large room. However the modern importance of dining in pubs encourages some establishments to maintain distinct rooms or areas."}], ["Beberapa pub mempunyai persembahan pentas seperti drama yang serius, komedi berdiri, band muzik, kabaret atau striptis; Walau bagaimanapun, kotak juke, karaoke dan lain-lain bentuk muzik pra-rekod telah menggantikan tradisi muzik piano atau gitar dan nyanyian. [4] Bersama dengan kabaret, striptis, band dan drama, apakah jenis persembahan pentas yang boleh didapati di pub? || Komedi Berdiri <> Bersama dengan karaoke, apa jenis muzik prarecorded yang sering dijumpai di pub? || juke boxes", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with cabaret, striptease, bands and drama, what is a type of stage performance that can be found in pubs?", "id": "56dfdd297aa994140058e1db", "answers": [{"text": "stand-up comedy", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with karaoke, what type of prerecorded music is often found in pubs?", "id": "56dfdd297aa994140058e1dc", "answers": [{"text": "juke boxes", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A few pubs have stage performances such as serious drama, stand-up comedy, musical bands, cabaret or striptease; however juke boxes, karaoke and other forms of pre-recorded music have otherwise replaced the musical tradition of a piano or guitar and singing.[citation needed]"}], ["Yang \"selesa\", kadang-kadang dipanggil bilik asap, biasanya bilik kecil, sangat peribadi dengan akses ke bar yang mempunyai kaca luar kaca yang dibekukan, yang terletak di atas ketinggian kepala. Harga yang lebih tinggi telah dibayar untuk bir di tempat yang selesa dan tiada siapa yang boleh melihat dan melihat peminum. Ia bukan sahaja pelawat kaya yang akan menggunakan bilik-bilik ini. Yang menarik adalah untuk pengunjung yang memilih untuk tidak dilihat di bar awam. Tuan-tuan akan sering menikmati minuman peribadi di tempat yang selesa pada ketika ia dikecewakan untuk wanita berada di sebuah pub. Pegawai polis setempat mungkin menyapu untuk pint yang tenang, imam paroki untuk wiski malamnya, atau pencinta untuk berjumpa. <> Apakah nama lain untuk bilik asap? || selesa <> Apakah hubungan antara harga bir di dalam bilik asap berbanding seluruh bar? || lebih tinggi <> Bersama dengan polis tempatan, profesion apa yang diberikan sebagai contoh seseorang yang mungkin menggunakannya? || imam paroki <> Apakah tingkap-tingkap yang diperbuat daripada itu? || kaca frosted", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another name for the smoke room?", "id": "56dfdeb27aa994140058e1ed", "answers": [{"text": "snug", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the relationship between the price of beer in the smoke room versus the rest of the bar?", "id": "56dfdeb27aa994140058e1ee", "answers": [{"text": "higher", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the local police, what profession is given as an example of someone who might use the snug?", "id": "56dfdeb27aa994140058e1ef", "answers": [{"text": "the parish priest", "answer_start": 573}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the windows in the snug made out of?", "id": "56dfdeb27aa994140058e1f0", "answers": [{"text": "frosted glass", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The \"snug\", sometimes called the smoke room, was typically a small, very private room with access to the bar that had a frosted glass external window, set above head height. A higher price was paid for beer in the snug and nobody could look in and see the drinkers. It was not only the wealthy visitors who would use these rooms. The snug was for patrons who preferred not to be seen in the public bar. Ladies would often enjoy a private drink in the snug in a time when it was frowned upon for women to be in a pub. The local police officer might nip in for a quiet pint, the parish priest for his evening whisky, or lovers for a rendezvous."}], ["Menjelang abad ke-20, bar saloon, atau lounge, telah menjadi bilik kelas menengah [rujukan?] - karpet di atas lantai, bantal di tempat duduk, dan satu sen atau dua pada harga, [rujukan?] Sementara orang awam bar, atau ruang paip, kekal kelas pekerja dengan papan kosong, kadang-kadang dengan habuk papan untuk menyerap kelopak dan tumpahan (dikenali sebagai \"meludah dan habuk papan\"), kerusi bangku yang keras dan bir murah [rujukan diperlukan]. Bar ini dikenali sebagai bar empat ale dari hari-hari ketika bir termurah berkhidmat ada biaya 4 pence (4d) satu liter. [Rujukan?] <> Apakah kelas sosioekonomi dikaitkan dengan bar lounge pada abad ke-20? || kelas menengah <> Apakah kelas ekonomi yang paling mungkin dijumpai di bilik paip? || kelas pekerja <> Dalam pence, apakah kos bir paling murah di bar empat ale? || 4 <> Apakah habuk papan paip yang digunakan untuk menyerap tumpahan dan meludah? || meludah dan habuk papan <> Apakah nama lain untuk bar lounge? || saloon", {"qas": [{"question": "What socioeconomic class was associated with the lounge bar in the 20th century?", "id": "56dfddab7aa994140058e1df", "answers": [{"text": "middle-class", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What economic class was most likely to be found in the tap room?", "id": "56dfddab7aa994140058e1e0", "answers": [{"text": "working class", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In pence, what did the cheapest beer cost in the four-ale bar?", "id": "56dfddab7aa994140058e1e1", "answers": [{"text": "4", "answer_start": 504}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the tap room sawdust meant to absorb spills and spit called?", "id": "56dfddab7aa994140058e1e2", "answers": [{"text": "spit and sawdust", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for the lounge bar?", "id": "56dfddab7aa994140058e1e3", "answers": [{"text": "saloon", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By the 20th century, the saloon, or lounge bar, had become a middle-class room[citation needed]\u2014carpets on the floor, cushions on the seats, and a penny or two on the prices,[citation needed] while the public bar, or tap room, remained working class with bare boards, sometimes with sawdust to absorb the spitting and spillages (known as \"spit and sawdust\"), hard bench seats, and cheap beer[citation needed]. This bar was known as the four-ale bar from the days when the cheapest beer served there cost 4 pence (4d) a quart.[citation needed]"}], ["Pada bulan Mac 2006, undang-undang telah diperkenalkan untuk melarang merokok di semua tempat awam yang tertutup di Scotland. Wales menyusuli pada bulan April 2007, dengan England memperkenalkan larangan itu pada Julai 2007. Tuan tanah pub telah menimbulkan kebimbangan sebelum pelaksanaan undang-undang bahawa larangan merokok akan memberi kesan negatif terhadap penjualan. Selepas dua tahun, kesan larangan itu bercampur; sesetengah pub mengalami penurunan jualan, sementara yang lain mengembangkan jualan makanan mereka. Rangkaian pub Wetherspoon yang dilaporkan pada bulan Jun 2009 bahawa keuntungan berada di hujung harapan utama; Walau bagaimanapun pengambilalihan Scotland & Newcastle oleh Carlsberg dan Heineken dilaporkan pada bulan Januari 2008 sebagai sebahagian daripada hasil kelemahannya berikutan kejatuhan jualan disebabkan larangan itu. Larangan serupa digunakan di pub Australia dengan rokok sahaja yang dibenarkan di kawasan yang ditetapkan. <> Dalam bulan dan tahun apakah merokok diharamkan di tempat awam di Scotland? || Mac 2006 <> Bilakah Wales melarang merokok di khalayak umum? || April 2007 <> Apa bulan dan tahun ketika England mengharamkan merokok awam? || Julai 2007 <> Apa syarikat mengambil alih pub Scotland & Newcastle? || Carlsberg dan Heineken <> Apakah rantaian pub melaporkan keuntungan yang menggalakkan pada bulan Jun 2009? || Wetherspoon", {"qas": [{"question": "In what month and year was smoking banned in public places in Scotland?", "id": "56dfdbee7aa994140058e1c7", "answers": [{"text": "March 2006", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Wales outlaw smoking in public?", "id": "56dfdbee7aa994140058e1c8", "answers": [{"text": "April 2007", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the month and year when England banned public smoking?", "id": "56dfdbee7aa994140058e1c9", "answers": [{"text": "July 2007", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company took over Scottish & Newcastle's pubs?", "id": "56dfdbee7aa994140058e1ca", "answers": [{"text": "Carlsberg and Heineken", "answer_start": 579}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What chain of pubs reported favorable profits in June 2009?", "id": "56dfdbee7aa994140058e1cb", "answers": [{"text": "Wetherspoon", "answer_start": 441}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In March 2006, a law was introduced to forbid smoking in all enclosed public places in Scotland. Wales followed suit in April 2007, with England introducing the ban in July 2007. Pub landlords had raised concerns prior to the implementation of the law that a smoking ban would have a negative impact on sales. After two years, the impact of the ban was mixed; some pubs suffered declining sales, while others developed their food sales. The Wetherspoon pub chain reported in June 2009 that profits were at the top end of expectations; however, Scottish & Newcastle's takeover by Carlsberg and Heineken was reported in January 2008 as partly the result of its weakness following falling sales due to the ban. Similar bans are applied in Australian pubs with smoking only allowed in designated areas."}], ["Pada akhir abad ke-18 sebuah bilik baru di pub telah ditubuhkan: saloon. [Rujukan?] Pertubuhan bir sentiasa menyediakan hiburan menyanyikan, permainan atau sukan yang semacam. [Sunting rujukan] Balls Pond Road di Islington dinamakan selepas sebuah pertubuhan yang dijalankan oleh Encik Ball yang mempunyai kolam itik di belakang, di mana peminum boleh, dengan bayaran, keluar dan mengambil potongan potongan itik. Walau bagaimanapun, lebih umum adalah bilik kad atau bilik biliard. Saloon adalah bilik di mana untuk bayaran kemasukan atau harga minuman, nyanyian, tarian, drama atau komedi yang lebih tinggi telah dilakukan dan minuman akan dihidangkan di Dari meja ini terdapat ruang muzik yang popular untuk hiburan-pertunjukan yang terdiri daripada pelbagai perbuatan. [rujukan?] Saloon London yang paling terkenal ialah Salun Grecian di The Eagle, City Road, yang masih terkenal kerana sajak pembiakan: \"Atas dan ke bawah Jalan Bandar / Keluar dan keluar The Eagle / Itulah cara wang yang berlaku / Pop pergi beruang itu.\" Ini bermakna bahawa pelanggan telah membelanjakan semua wangnya di The Eagle, dan perlu membuat \"weasel\" untuk mendapatkan lebih banyak lagi. Makna \"weasel\" tidak jelas tetapi dua definisi yang paling mungkin adalah: besi rata yang digunakan untuk menamatkan pakaian; atau slang berirama untuk jaket (weasel dan stoat). <> Apa jalan di Islington dinamakan untuk pub yang dikendalikan oleh Encik Ball? || Balls Pond Road <> Di mana jalan itu terdapat Salun Grecian? || City Road <> Apa pub adalah rumah Salun Grecian? || The Eagle <> Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan slang untuk 'kot'? || weasel <> Dalam abad apakah salun telah ditubuhkan? || 18th", {"qas": [{"question": "What street in Islington was named for a pub run by Mr Ball?", "id": "56dfdc887aa994140058e1d1", "answers": [{"text": "Balls Pond Road", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what street was the Grecian Saloon located?", "id": "56dfdc887aa994140058e1d2", "answers": [{"text": "City Road", "answer_start": 836}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What pub was the home of the Grecian Saloon?", "id": "56dfdc887aa994140058e1d3", "answers": [{"text": "The Eagle", "answer_start": 825}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is rhyming slang for 'coat'?", "id": "56dfdc887aa994140058e1d4", "answers": [{"text": "weasel", "answer_start": 994}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did saloons become established?", "id": "56dfdc887aa994140058e1d5", "answers": [{"text": "18th", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By the end of the 18th century a new room in the pub was established: the saloon.[citation needed] Beer establishments had always provided entertainment of some sort\u2014singing, gaming or sport.[citation needed] Balls Pond Road in Islington was named after an establishment run by a Mr Ball that had a duck pond at the rear, where drinkers could, for a fee, go out and take a potshot at the ducks. More common, however, was a card room or a billiard room.[citation needed] The saloon was a room where for an admission fee or a higher price of drinks, singing, dancing, drama or comedy was performed and drinks would be served at the table.[citation needed] From this came the popular music hall form of entertainment\u2014a show consisting of a variety of acts.[citation needed] A most famous London saloon was the Grecian Saloon in The Eagle, City Road, which is still famous because of a nursery rhyme: \"Up and down the City Road / In and out The Eagle / That's the way the money goes / Pop goes the weasel.\" This meant that the customer had spent all his money at The Eagle, and needed to pawn his \"weasel\" to get some more. The meaning of the \"weasel\" is unclear but the two most likely definitions are: a flat iron used for finishing clothing; or rhyming slang for a coat (weasel and stoat)."}], ["Ia adalah pub yang mula-mula memperkenalkan konsep kaunter bar yang digunakan untuk melayani bir. Sehingga waktu itu syarikat bir digunakan untuk membawa bir keluar ke meja atau bangku, sebagai tetap amalan dalam (contohnya) taman bir dan pertubuhan minum lain di Jerman. Bar boleh disediakan untuk pengurus untuk melakukan kerja kertas sambil mengawasi para pelanggannya, tetapi tong ale disimpan dalam bilik kecil berasingan. Ketika pub pertama dibina, bilik utama adalah ruang publik dengan bar penyajian yang besar yang disalin dari rumah-rumah gin, idea itu untuk melayani bilangan maksimum orang dalam masa yang sesingkat mungkin. Ia dikenali sebagai bar awam [rujukan?]. Yang lain, lebih peribadi, bilik tidak mempunyai bar yang melayani - mereka membawa bir ke mereka dari bar awam. Terdapat beberapa pub di Midlands atau Utara yang masih mengekalkan penubuhan ini tetapi hari ini bir diambil oleh pelanggan dari ruang pameran atau bar awam. Salah satu daripada ini ialah The Vine, yang dikenali secara tempatan sebagai The Bull dan Pundi kencing, di Brierley Hill berhampiran Birmingham, satu lagi Cock at Broom, Bedfordshire satu siri bilik kecil yang menyajikan minuman dan makanan oleh kakitangan menunggu. Di distrik Manchester bar awam dikenali sebagai \"bilik kebal\", bilik-bilik lain menjadi lounge dan selesa seperti biasa di tempat lain. Pada awal 1970-an terdapat kecenderungan untuk berubah menjadi satu bilik minuman yang besar dan kilang bir tidak sabar-sabar untuk melabur dalam reka bentuk dalaman dan tema. <> Di Jerman, apa yang dilakukan oleh pelayan untuk melayani bir di taman bir? || bawa bir keluar ke meja <> Sebelum pub, di mana pembekal bir menyimpan lilin mereka ale? || bilik serbet <> Apa organisasi yang mengilhamkan pub untuk menubuhkan bar berkhidmat? || gin houses <> Dalam penyelesaian apa pub yang dikenali sebagai The Vine terletak? || Brierley Hill <> Apa yang penduduk tempatan memanggil The Vine? || Bull dan Pundi kencing", {"qas": [{"question": "In Germany, what do servers do to serve beer in beer gardens?", "id": "56dfdf67231d4119001abe41", "answers": [{"text": "bring the beer out to the table", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Before the pub, where did beer establishments keep their casks of ale?", "id": "56dfdf67231d4119001abe42", "answers": [{"text": "taproom", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What establishments inspired pubs to set up serving bars?", "id": "56dfdf67231d4119001abe43", "answers": [{"text": "gin houses", "answer_start": 549}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what settlement is the pub known as The Vine located?", "id": "56dfdf67231d4119001abe44", "answers": [{"text": "Brierley Hill", "answer_start": 1040}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do the locals call The Vine?", "id": "56dfdf67231d4119001abe45", "answers": [{"text": "The Bull and Bladder", "answer_start": 1015}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It was the pub that first introduced the concept of the bar counter being used to serve the beer. Until that time beer establishments used to bring the beer out to the table or benches, as remains the practice in (for example) beer gardens and other drinking establishments in Germany. A bar might be provided for the manager to do paperwork while keeping an eye on his or her customers, but the casks of ale were kept in a separate taproom. When the first pubs were built, the main room was the public room with a large serving bar copied from the gin houses, the idea being to serve the maximum number of people in the shortest possible time. It became known as the public bar[citation needed]. The other, more private, rooms had no serving bar\u2014they had the beer brought to them from the public bar. There are a number of pubs in the Midlands or the North which still retain this set up but these days the beer is fetched by the customer from the taproom or public bar. One of these is The Vine, known locally as The Bull and Bladder, in Brierley Hill near Birmingham, another the Cock at Broom, Bedfordshire a series of small rooms served drinks and food by waiting staff. In the Manchester district the public bar was known as the \"vault\", other rooms being the lounge and snug as usual elsewhere. By the early 1970s there was a tendency to change to one large drinking room and breweries were eager to invest in interior design and theming."}], ["The London Gazette pada 17 Mac 1691 menerbitkan sebuah paten yang menyokong John Lofting untuk enjin pemadam kebakaran, tetapi mencadangkan dan mencadangkan satu lagi rekaannya, untuk pam bir: <> Dalam akhbar apa yang John Lofting menyebutkan pam birnya? || London Gazette <> Pada hari apakah paten enjin api Lofting diterbitkan? || 17 Mac 1691", {"qas": [{"question": "In what newspaper did John Lofting mention his beer pump?", "id": "56dfe043231d4119001abe53", "answers": [{"text": "London Gazette", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day was Lofting's fire engine patent published?", "id": "56dfe043231d4119001abe54", "answers": [{"text": "17 March 1691", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The London Gazette of 17 March 1691 published a patent in favour of John Lofting for a fire engine, but remarked upon and recommended another invention of his, for a beer pump:"}], ["Tegasnya istilah itu merujuk kepada pam itu sendiri, yang biasanya dikendalikan secara manual, walaupun pam berkuasa elektrik dan gas berkuasa digunakan sesekali. Apabila berkuasa secara manual, istilah \"handpump\" sering digunakan untuk merujuk kepada pam dan pemegang yang berkaitan. <> Apakah nama biasa untuk pam bir yang dikuasai dengan tangan? || handpump <> Bersama dengan elektrik, apa yang kadang-kadang kuasa pam pam yang tidak dikendalikan dengan tangan? || gas", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a common name for a beer pump powered by hand?", "id": "56dfe0f17aa994140058e203", "answers": [{"text": "handpump", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with electricity, what sometimes powers beer pumps that aren't operated by hand?", "id": "56dfe0f17aa994140058e204", "answers": [{"text": "gas", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Strictly the term refers to the pump itself, which is normally manually operated, though electrically powered and gas powered pumps are occasionally used. When manually powered, the term \"handpump\" is often used to refer to both the pump and the associated handle."}], ["Pam bir pertama yang diketahui di England dipercayai telah dicipta oleh John Lofting (Belanda 1659-d. Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) seorang pencipta, pengilang dan peniaga London. <> Siapa yang mencipta pam bir di England? || John Lofting <> Di bandar apakah pompa bir itu dicipta? || London <> Di negara apakah John Lofting dilahirkan? || Belanda <> Apakah tahun kematian John Lofting? || 1742 <> Bilakah John Lofting dilahirkan? || 1659", {"qas": [{"question": "Who invented the beer pump in England?", "id": "56dfe0127aa994140058e1f9", "answers": [{"text": "John Lofting", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city was the beer pump invented?", "id": "56dfe0127aa994140058e1fa", "answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what country was John Lofting born?", "id": "56dfe0127aa994140058e1fb", "answers": [{"text": "Netherlands", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the death year of John Lofting?", "id": "56dfe0127aa994140058e1fc", "answers": [{"text": "1742", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was John Lofting born?", "id": "56dfe0127aa994140058e1fd", "answers": [{"text": "1659", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first beer pump known in England is believed to have been invented by John Lofting (b. Netherlands 1659-d. Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) an inventor, manufacturer and merchant of London."}], ["Sebuah \"pub negara\" mengikut tradisi adalah rumah awam luar bandar. Walau bagaimanapun, budaya khas di sekeliling pub negara, yang berfungsi sebagai pusat sosial untuk sebuah kampung dan masyarakat luar bandar, telah berubah sejak tiga puluh tahun yang lalu. Pada masa lalu, banyak pub luar bandar memberikan peluang kepada rakyat negara untuk bertemu dan bertukar (seringnya tempatan) berita, sementara yang lain-terutama mereka yang jauh dari pusat-pusat perkampungan-ada untuk tujuan umum, sebelum kedatangan pengangkutan motor, melayani pelancong sebagai bimbingan penginapan. <> Apakah nama lain untuk rumah awam luar bandar? || pub negara <> Apakah fungsi pub negara jauh sebelum kebangkitan kenderaan bermotor? || menghidangkan pengembara sebagai penginapan pembinaan <> Selama tahun berapa fungsi tradisional pub negara telah berubah? || tiga puluh terakhir", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another name for a rural public house?", "id": "56dfe3a7231d4119001abe67", "answers": [{"text": "country pub", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was a function of distant country pubs before the rise of motor vehicles?", "id": "56dfe3a7231d4119001abe68", "answers": [{"text": "serving travellers as coaching inns", "answer_start": 479}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Over what period of years has the traditional function of country pubs been changing?", "id": "56dfe3a7231d4119001abe69", "answers": [{"text": "the last thirty", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A \"country pub\" by tradition is a rural public house. However, the distinctive culture surrounding country pubs, that of functioning as a social centre for a village and rural community, has been changing over the last thirty or so years. In the past, many rural pubs provided opportunities for country folk to meet and exchange (often local) news, while others\u2014especially those away from village centres\u2014existed for the general purpose, before the advent of motor transport, of serving travellers as coaching inns."}], ["Kili brewery adalah outlet terdekat untuk bir bir. Ini biasanya bilik atau bar di kilang bir itu sendiri, walaupun namanya boleh digunakan di pub terdekat. Istilah ini tidak digunakan untuk brewpub yang menyusun dan menjual birnya di premis yang sama. <> Apakah outlet paling dekat untuk bir yang dipanggil bir? || Ketuk brewery <> Jika ketuk bir tidak terletak di tempat pembuatan bir, di mana ia biasanya terletak? || pub terdekat <> Apa istilah untuk sebuah pub yang membuat bir dan menjual birnya sendiri? || brewpub", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the closest outlet for a brewery's beers called?", "id": "56dfe336231d4119001abe61", "answers": [{"text": "A brewery tap", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If the brewery tap is not located in the brewery, where is it usually located?", "id": "56dfe336231d4119001abe62", "answers": [{"text": "the nearest pub", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term for a pub that brews and sells its own beer?", "id": "56dfe336231d4119001abe63", "answers": [{"text": "brewpub", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A brewery tap is the nearest outlet for a brewery's beers. This is usually a room or bar in the brewery itself, though the name may be applied to the nearest pub. The term is not applied to a brewpub which brews and sells its beer on the same premises."}], ["Organisasi seperti Wetherspoons, Punch Taverns dan O'Neill dibentuk di UK berikutan Perintah Beer. A PubCo adalah syarikat yang terlibat dalam peruncitan tetapi bukan pembuatan minuman, sementara rantai Pub boleh dijalankan sama ada oleh PubCo atau oleh kilang bir. <> Bersama dengan Punch Taverns and Weatherspoons, apakah organisasi yang dibentuk sebagai hasil daripada Pesanan Beer? || O'Neill's <> Apakah nama syarikat yang dijual tetapi tidak mengeluarkan minuman? || PubCo <> Bersama dengan kilang bir, jenis syarikat boleh menjalankan rantaian pub? || PubCo <> Di negara apakah Punch Taverns ditubuhkan? || United Kingdom", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Punch Taverns and Weatherspoons, what was an organization formed as a result of the Beer Orders?", "id": "56dfe23b7aa994140058e217", "answers": [{"text": "O'Neill's", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of a company that retails but does not manufacture drinks?", "id": "56dfe23b7aa994140058e218", "answers": [{"text": "PubCo", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with breweries, what type of company may run a pub chain?", "id": "56dfe23b7aa994140058e219", "answers": [{"text": "PubCo", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what country was Punch Taverns established?", "id": "56dfe23b7aa994140058e21a", "answers": [{"text": "the UK", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Organisations such as Wetherspoons, Punch Taverns and O'Neill's were formed in the UK in the wake of the Beer Orders. A PubCo is a company involved in the retailing but not the manufacture of beverages, while a Pub chain may be run either by a PubCo or by a brewery."}], ["Pub di dalam rantaian biasanya akan mempunyai item yang sama, seperti kelengkapan, promosi, suasana dan pelbagai makanan dan minuman yang ditawarkan. Rantaian pub akan meletakkan dirinya di pasaran untuk penonton sasaran. Satu syarikat boleh menjalankan beberapa rantaian pub yang bertujuan untuk segmen pasaran yang berlainan. Pub untuk digunakan dalam rantai dibeli dan dijual dalam unit besar, sering dari kilang bir serantau yang kemudian ditutup. Pub yang baru diperolehi sering dinamakan semula oleh pemilik baru, dan ramai orang menyangkal kehilangan nama tradisional, terutama jika bir serantau kegemaran mereka hilang pada masa yang sama. <> Apabila sebuah pub dibeli oleh pemilik baru, apa yang sering berlaku kepada mereka? || dinamakan semula <> Apa yang sering berlaku kepada kilang bir serantau selepas mereka menjual pub mereka? || ditutup", {"qas": [{"question": "When a pub is bought by a new owner, what often happens to them?", "id": "56dfe2d27aa994140058e21f", "answers": [{"text": "renamed", "answer_start": 437}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What often happens to regional breweries after they sell their pubs?", "id": "56dfe2d27aa994140058e220", "answers": [{"text": "closed down", "answer_start": 394}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Pubs within a chain will usually have items in common, such as fittings, promotions, ambience and range of food and drink on offer. A pub chain will position itself in the marketplace for a target audience. One company may run several pub chains aimed at different segments of the market. Pubs for use in a chain are bought and sold in large units, often from regional breweries which are then closed down. Newly acquired pubs are often renamed by the new owners, and many people resent the loss of traditional names, especially if their favourite regional beer disappears at the same time."}], ["\"Bahwa majlis-majlis mereka telah diterima dengan sukacita untuk memberikan paten Surat kepada John Lofting dari London Merchant untuk Enjin Pencipta Baru untuk Pemadaman Kebakaran yang mengatakan Enjin telah menemui setiap galakan yang hebat. Patentee tersebut juga memproyeksikan Enjin Sangat Berguna untuk memulakan bir dan cecair lain yang akan menyampaikan dari 20 hingga 30 tong sejam yang benar-benar ditetapkan dengan Joints Brass dan Screws pada Kadar yang Nyaman. Mana-mana Orang yang mempunyai kesempatan untuk Enjin tersebut boleh memohon diri kepada Paten di rumahnya di dekat St Thomas Apostle London atau Encik Nicholas Wall di Workshoppe dekat Saddlers Wells di Islington atau kepada Mr. William Tillcar, Turner, ejennya di rumahnya di Woodtree bersebelahan dengan Sun Tavern London. \" <> Berapa banyak tong yang Lofting berjanji pam birnya akan menyampaikan setiap jam? || 20 hingga 30 <> Lokasi apakah John Lofting tinggal berdekatan? || St Thomas Apostle London <> Di London apa bandar Nicholas Wall tinggal? || Islington <> Apakah profesion William Tillcar? || Turner <> Apa tavern yang William Tillcar hidup bersebelahan? || Sun Tavern", {"qas": [{"question": "How many barrels did Lofting promise his beer pump would deliver hourly?", "id": "56dfe0ba231d4119001abe57", "answers": [{"text": "20 to 30", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What location did John Lofting live near?", "id": "56dfe0ba231d4119001abe58", "answers": [{"text": "St Thomas Apostle London", "answer_start": 549}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what London borough did Nicholas Wall reside?", "id": "56dfe0ba231d4119001abe59", "answers": [{"text": "Islington", "answer_start": 639}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was William Tillcar's profession?", "id": "56dfe0ba231d4119001abe5a", "answers": [{"text": "Turner", "answer_start": 676}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What tavern did William Tillcar live adjacent to?", "id": "56dfe0ba231d4119001abe5b", "answers": [{"text": "Sun Tavern", "answer_start": 736}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\"Whereas their Majesties have been Graciously Pleased to grant Letters patent to John Lofting of London Merchant for a New Invented Engine for Extinguishing Fires which said Engine have found every great encouragement. The said Patentee hath also projected a Very Useful Engine for starting of beer and other liquors which will deliver from 20 to 30 barrels an hour which are completely fixed with Brass Joints and Screws at Reasonable Rates. Any Person that hath occasion for the said Engines may apply themselves to the Patentee at his house near St Thomas Apostle London or to Mr. Nicholas Wall at the Workshoppe near Saddlers Wells at Islington or to Mr. William Tillcar, Turner, his agent at his house in Woodtree next door to the Sun Tavern London.\""}], ["Selepas pembangunan kilang bir London Porter yang besar pada abad ke-18, trend itu berkembang untuk pub menjadi rumah terikat yang hanya boleh menjual bir dari satu kilang bir (pub yang tidak terikat dengan cara ini dipanggil Rumah Percuma). Pengaturan yang biasa untuk rumah terikat ialah pub itu dimiliki oleh kilang bir tetapi disewakan kepada seorang individu (tuan tanah) yang menjalankannya sebagai perniagaan yang berasingan (walaupun dikontrak untuk membeli bir dari kilang bir). Satu lagi perkiraan yang biasa adalah (dan) untuk pemilik memiliki premis (sama ada pegangan bebas atau pajakan) secara bebas daripada bir, tetapi kemudian mengambil pinjaman gadai janji dari kilang bir, sama ada untuk membiayai pembelian pub pada mulanya, atau memperbaharuinya, dan diperlukan sebagai syarat pinjaman untuk mematuhi seri solusinya. <> Apa nama pub yang boleh menjual bir daripada lebih daripada satu kilang bir? || sebuah rumah Percuma <> Dalam abad apa kebiasaan timbul pub menjual bir dari hanya satu kilang bir? || 18 <> Apa nama individu persendirian yang menyewa sebuah pub yang dimiliki oleh kilang bir? || tuan tanah", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name for a pub that could sell beer from more than one brewery?", "id": "56dfe16f7aa994140058e207", "answers": [{"text": "a Free house", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did the habit arise of pubs selling beer from only one brewery?", "id": "56dfe16f7aa994140058e208", "answers": [{"text": "18th", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the private individual who rented out a pub owned by a brewery?", "id": "56dfe16f7aa994140058e209", "answers": [{"text": "landlord", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After the development of the large London Porter breweries in the 18th century, the trend grew for pubs to become tied houses which could only sell beer from one brewery (a pub not tied in this way was called a Free house). The usual arrangement for a tied house was that the pub was owned by the brewery but rented out to a private individual (landlord) who ran it as a separate business (even though contracted to buy the beer from the brewery). Another very common arrangement was (and is) for the landlord to own the premises (whether freehold or leasehold) independently of the brewer, but then to take a mortgage loan from a brewery, either to finance the purchase of the pub initially, or to refurbish it, and be required as a term of the loan to observe the solus tie."}], ["Trend pada akhir abad ke-20 adalah untuk pembuatan bir untuk menjalankan pub mereka secara langsung, menggunakan pengurus daripada penyewa. Kebanyakan kilang bir seperti kilang bir Shepherd Neame di Kent dan Young's dan Fuller di London, mengawal ratusan pub di rantau tertentu di UK, sementara beberapa orang, seperti Greene King, tersebar secara nasional. Tuan tanah sebuah pub terikat boleh menjadi pekerja kilang bir - yang dalam hal ini dia akan menjadi pengurus sebuah rumah yang diuruskan, atau penyewa yang bekerja sendiri yang telah memasuki perjanjian sewa dengan kilang bir, keadaan yang adalah kewajipan undang-undang (dasi perdagangan) hanya untuk membeli bir bir itu. Pemilihan bir terutamanya terhad kepada bir yang disedut oleh syarikat itu. The Beer Orders, yang diluluskan pada tahun 1989, bertujuan untuk mendapatkan rumah terikat untuk menawarkan sekurang-kurangnya satu bir alternatif, yang dikenali sebagai bir tetamu, dari kilang bir lain. Undang-undang ini sekarang telah dimansuhkan tetapi ketika berkuat kuasa, ia telah mengubah secara dramatis industri. Sesetengah pub masih menawarkan pilihan tetamu yang sentiasa berubah. <> Apakah kilang bir terkenal di Kent yang memiliki ratusan pub? || Gembala Neame <> Apakah kilang bir London mempunyai banyak pub? || </ B> </ b> <b> Apa itu contoh bir yang memiliki pub di seluruh Britain? || Greene King <> Apa undang-undang yang diperlukan bahawa pub menawarkan sekurang-kurangnya satu bir dari kilang bir itu tidak terikat? || The Beer Orders <> Dalam tahun apakah pesanan Beer telah diluluskan? || 1989", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a notable brewery in Kent that owns hundreds of pubs?", "id": "56dfe1e57aa994140058e20d", "answers": [{"text": "Shepherd Neame", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What London breweries each own many pubs?", "id": "56dfe1e57aa994140058e20e", "answers": [{"text": "Young's and Fuller's", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of a brewer that owns pubs throughout Britain?", "id": "56dfe1e57aa994140058e20f", "answers": [{"text": "Greene King", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What law required that a pub offer at least one beer from a brewery it wasn't tied to?", "id": "56dfe1e57aa994140058e210", "answers": [{"text": "The Beer Orders", "answer_start": 718}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year were the Beer Orders passed?", "id": "56dfe1e57aa994140058e211", "answers": [{"text": "1989", "answer_start": 745}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A trend in the late 20th century was for breweries to run their pubs directly, using managers rather than tenants. Most such breweries, such as the regional brewery Shepherd Neame in Kent and Young's and Fuller's in London, control hundreds of pubs in a particular region of the UK, while a few, such as Greene King, are spread nationally. The landlord of a tied pub may be an employee of the brewery\u2014in which case he/she would be a manager of a managed house, or a self-employed tenant who has entered into a lease agreement with a brewery, a condition of which is the legal obligation (trade tie) only to purchase that brewery's beer. The beer selection is mainly limited to beers brewed by that particular company. The Beer Orders, passed in 1989, were aimed at getting tied houses to offer at least one alternative beer, known as a guest beer, from another brewery. This law has now been repealed but while in force it dramatically altered the industry. Some pubs still offer a regularly changing selection of guest beers."}], ["Seperti kebanyakan pub berabad-abad lamanya, banyak pelanggan awal mereka tidak dapat membaca, dan tanda-tanda bergambar dapat diiktiraf apabila surat dan perkataan tidak dapat dibaca. <> Apakah tanda-tanda jenis pub yang berguna kepada pelanggan buta huruf? || tanda bergambar", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of pub signs were useful to an illiterate clientele?", "id": "56dfe8087aa994140058e24f", "answers": [{"text": "pictorial signs", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As many pubs are centuries old, many of their early customers were unable to read, and pictorial signs could be readily recognised when lettering and words could not be read."}], ["Kebanyakan pub Inggeris masih mempunyai tanda dihiasi yang menggantung di atas pintu mereka, dan ini mengekalkan fungsi asal mereka yang membolehkan pengenalpastian pub. Tanda-tanda pub hari ini hampir selalu menanggung nama pub, baik dalam kata-kata dan dalam perwakilan bergambar. Pub negara yang lebih jauh sering mempunyai tanda berdiri sendiri yang mengarahkan bakal pelanggan ke pintu mereka. <> Apa yang digantung hari ini di kebanyakan pintu pub Inggeris? || tanda-tanda dihiasi <> Apa maklumat yang hampir selalu disenaraikan di tanda pub? || nama pub <> Tujuan apa tanda-tanda yang berdiri sendiri untuk pub negara? || mengarahkan bakal pelanggan ke pintu mereka", {"qas": [{"question": "What hangs today over most British pub doors?", "id": "56dfe78e7aa994140058e249", "answers": [{"text": "decorated signs", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What piece of information is almost always listed on a pub sign?", "id": "56dfe78e7aa994140058e24a", "answers": [{"text": "the name of the pub", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What purpose do stand-alone signs serve for country pubs?", "id": "56dfe78e7aa994140058e24b", "answers": [{"text": "directing potential customers to their door", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Most British pubs still have decorated signs hanging over their doors, and these retain their original function of enabling the identification of the pub. Today's pub signs almost always bear the name of the pub, both in words and in pictorial representation. The more remote country pubs often have stand-alone signs directing potential customers to their door."}], ["Faktor lain yang penting adalah bahawa pada Zaman Pertengahan sebahagian besar penduduk akan buta huruf dan gambar pada tanda lebih berguna daripada kata-kata sebagai cara mengenal pasti rumah orang ramai. Oleh sebab itu, seringkali tidak ada alasan untuk menulis nama penubuhan pada tanda dan penginapan yang dibuka tanpa nama bertulis rasmi, nama yang diperoleh kemudian dari ilustrasi pada tanda pub itu. <> Dalam apa tempoh sejarah adalah sebahagian besar penduduk yang buta huruf? || Zaman Pertengahan <> Dari mana pub-pub tanpa nama-nama bertulis berasal dari nama mereka? || ilustrasi pada tanda pub", {"qas": [{"question": "In what historical period was a large portion of the population illiterate?", "id": "56dfe625231d4119001abe71", "answers": [{"text": "the Middle Ages", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From where did pubs without written names derive their names?", "id": "56dfe625231d4119001abe72", "answers": [{"text": "the illustration on the pub's sign", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Another important factor was that during the Middle Ages a large proportion of the population would have been illiterate and so pictures on a sign were more useful than words as a means of identifying a public house. For this reason there was often no reason to write the establishment's name on the sign and inns opened without a formal written name, the name being derived later from the illustration on the pub's sign."}], ["Walau bagaimanapun, dalam tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini, banyak pub negara sama ada tertutup, atau telah ditukar kepada tujuan perusahaan untuk menyediakan kemudahan tempat duduk untuk pengambilan makanan, dan bukan tempat untuk ahli-ahli mesyuarat masyarakat tempatan dan minum secara konvensional. <> Apa fungsi moden pub negara? || menyediakan kemudahan tempat duduk untuk penggunaan makanan <> Bersama dengan mesyuarat masyarakat, apakah tujuan tradisional pub negara? || minum", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a frequent modern function of country pubs?", "id": "56dfe3f5231d4119001abe6d", "answers": [{"text": "providing seating facilities for the consumption of food", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with community meetings, what was the traditional purpose of country pubs?", "id": "56dfe3f5231d4119001abe6e", "answers": [{"text": "drinking", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In more recent years, however, many country pubs have either closed down, or have been converted to establishments intent on providing seating facilities for the consumption of food, rather than a venue for members of the local community meeting and convivially drinking."}], ["Pub yang menampung pelanggan niche, seperti peminat sukan atau orang yang mempunyai kebangsaan tertentu dikenali sebagai pub tema. Contoh pub tema termasuk bar sukan, pub rock, pub biker, pub Goth, pub jalur, bar gay, bar karaoke dan pub Ireland. <> Apakah istilah selimut untuk pub yang, misalnya, memenuhi peminat sukan? || pub tema <> Apakah satu contoh pub tema yang memenuhi keperluan rakyat yang tertentu? || Pub Ireland <> Apakah satu contoh pub tema yang memenuhi keperluan orang yang mempunyai minat muzik tertentu? || pub rock <> Apa jenis pub tema yang mungkin akan menonjolkan penari telanjang? || strip pub <> Dalam apa jenis pub tema bolehkah seseorang mencari pengunjung menyanyi dengan iringan muzik? || bar karaoke", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a blanket term for pubs that, for example, cater to sports fans?", "id": "56dfe4617aa994140058e223", "answers": [{"text": "theme pubs", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of a theme pub that caters to people of a certain nationality?", "id": "56dfe4617aa994140058e224", "answers": [{"text": "Irish pubs", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of a theme pub that caters to people with certain musical interests?", "id": "56dfe4617aa994140058e225", "answers": [{"text": "rock pubs", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of theme pub would be likely to feature strippers?", "id": "56dfe4617aa994140058e226", "answers": [{"text": "strip pubs", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what sort of theme pub could one find visitors singing with musical accompaniment?", "id": "56dfe4617aa994140058e227", "answers": [{"text": "karaoke bars", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Pubs that cater for a niche clientele, such as sports fans or people of certain nationalities are known as theme pubs. Examples of theme pubs include sports bars, rock pubs, biker pubs, Goth pubs, strip pubs, gay bars, karaoke bars and Irish pubs."}], ["Subjek lain yang meminjamkan diri kepada penggambaran visual termasuk nama pertempuran (contohnya Trafalgar), penjelajah, tokoh terkenal, penemuan, wira sukan dan ahli keluarga diraja. Beberapa tanda pub adalah dalam bentuk bergambar atau rebus. Contohnya, sebuah pub di Crowborough, East Sussex yang dipanggil The Crow and Gate mempunyai imej gagak dengan gerbang sebagai sayap. <> Apa contoh pertempuran yang mungkin memberi pinjaman kepada nama pub? || Trafalgar <> Apa bandar yang terdapat di Crow and Gate? || Crowborough <> Daerah apa yang menjadi rumah kepada The Crow and Gate? || East Sussex <> Ahli keluarga yang kadang-kadang digunakan sebagai nama pub? || diraja", {"qas": [{"question": "What was an example of a battle that might lend itself to a pub name?", "id": "56dfe7397aa994140058e241", "answers": [{"text": "Trafalgar", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What town is The Crow and Gate located in?", "id": "56dfe7397aa994140058e242", "answers": [{"text": "Crowborough", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What county is home to The Crow and Gate?", "id": "56dfe7397aa994140058e243", "answers": [{"text": "East Sussex", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Members of what family were sometimes used as pub names?", "id": "56dfe7397aa994140058e244", "answers": [{"text": "royal", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Other subjects that lent themselves to visual depiction included the name of battles (e.g. Trafalgar), explorers, local notables, discoveries, sporting heroes and members of the royal family. Some pub signs are in the form of a pictorial pun or rebus. For example, a pub in Crowborough, East Sussex called The Crow and Gate has an image of a crow with gates as wings."}], ["Nama pub digunakan untuk mengenal pasti dan membezakan setiap pub. Nama-nama moden kadang-kadang menjadi pemasaran atau percubaan untuk mewujudkan \"kesedaran jenama\", sering menggunakan tema komik yang dianggap tidak dapat dilupakan, Slug dan Lettuce untuk rantaian pub menjadi contoh. Walau bagaimanapun, asal-usul menarik tidak terhad kepada nama lama atau tradisional. Nama-nama dan asal-usul mereka boleh dibahagikan kepada beberapa kategori yang agak kecil. <> Apakah contoh nama yang tidak dapat dilupakan untuk rantaian pub? || Slug dan Lettuce <> Apa jenis tema yang diingati untuk nama pub moden? || komik <> Apa maksud nama pub? || untuk mengenal pasti dan membezakan setiap pub", {"qas": [{"question": "What is an example of a memorable name for a pub chain?", "id": "56dfe7dc231d4119001abe75", "answers": [{"text": "Slug and Lettuce", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of theme is thought memorable for modern pub names?", "id": "56dfe7dc231d4119001abe76", "answers": [{"text": "comic", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the purpose of a pub name?", "id": "56dfe7dc231d4119001abe77", "answers": [{"text": "to identify and differentiate each pub", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Pub names are used to identify and differentiate each pub. Modern names are sometimes a marketing ploy or attempt to create \"brand awareness\", frequently using a comic theme thought to be memorable, Slug and Lettuce for a pub chain being an example. Interesting origins are not confined to old or traditional names, however. Names and their origins can be broken up into a relatively small number of categories."}], ["Pub sering mempunyai nama tradisional. Nama biasa ialah \"Marquis of Granby\". Pub ini dinamakan selepas John Manners, Marquess of Granby, yang merupakan anak kepada John Manners, Duke of Rutland dan seorang jeneral di Tentera British abad ke-18. Beliau memperlihatkan kebimbangan yang besar terhadap kesejahteraan orang-orangnya, dan pada persaraan mereka, menyediakan dana untuk banyak mereka untuk menubuhkan bar, yang kemudiannya dinamakan selepasnya. Semua pub yang diberikan lesen mereka pada tahun 1780 dipanggil Royal George [rujukan?], Selepas Raja George III, dan ulang tahun kedua puluh penobatannya. <> Selepas siapa yang bernama Marquis dari pub Granby? || John Practices, Marquess of Granby <> Siapa yang menjadi bapa John Manners, Marquess of Granby? || John Pratama, Duke ke-3 Rutland <> Apakah pangkat tentera Duke Rutland ke-3? || umum <> Dalam abad apa Duke of Rutland hidup? || 18th <> Apa pub yang dilesenkan pada tahun 1780 dinamakan? || Royal George", {"qas": [{"question": "After whom was the Marquis of Granby pub named?", "id": "56dfe86b7aa994140058e251", "answers": [{"text": "John Manners, Marquess of Granby", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the father of John Manners, Marquess of Granby?", "id": "56dfe86b7aa994140058e252", "answers": [{"text": "John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the military rank of the 3rd Duke of Rutland?", "id": "56dfe86b7aa994140058e253", "answers": [{"text": "general", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did the 3rd Duke of Rutland live?", "id": "56dfe86b7aa994140058e254", "answers": [{"text": "18th", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were pubs licensed in 1780 named?", "id": "56dfe86b7aa994140058e255", "answers": [{"text": "the Royal George", "answer_start": 465}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Pubs often have traditional names. A common name is the \"Marquis of Granby\". These pubs were named after John Manners, Marquess of Granby, who was the son of John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland and a general in the 18th century British Army. He showed a great concern for the welfare of his men, and on their retirement, provided funds for many of them to establish taverns, which were subsequently named after him. All pubs granted their licence in 1780 were called the Royal George[citation needed], after King George III, and the twentieth anniversary of his coronation."}], ["Pada 1393 King Richard II memaksa tuan-tuan tanah untuk mendirikan tanda-tanda di luar premis mereka. Undang-undang itu menyatakan \"Barangsiapa yang membuat minuman keras di kota itu dengan niat untuk menjualnya harus menggantungkan tanda, kalau tidak ia akan kehilangannya.\" Ini adalah untuk membuat alehouses mudah dilihat untuk lulus pemeriksa, tukang masak ale, yang akan menentukan kualiti yang mereka berikan. Bapa William Shakespeare, John Shakespeare, adalah seorang pemeriksa seperti itu. <> Yang raja memerlukan tuan-tuan tanah untuk menyiarkan tanda jika mereka ingin menjual ale? || Richard II <> Dalam tahun apakah raja menghendaki penjual ale menyiarkan papan tanda tentang kesakitan pelucuthakan? || 1393 <> Apakah nama pertama ayah William Shakespeare? || John <> Apakah profesion John Shakespeare? || pemeriksa <> Jika penjual ale menolak untuk menyiarkan suatu tanda, apakah hukuman yang akan dia terima? || kehilangan haknya", {"qas": [{"question": "Which monarch required landlords to post a sign if they wanted to sell ale?", "id": "56dfe4e97aa994140058e22d", "answers": [{"text": "Richard II", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the king demand ale-sellers post signage on pain of forfeiture?", "id": "56dfe4e97aa994140058e22e", "answers": [{"text": "1393", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was William Shakespeare's father's first name?", "id": "56dfe4e97aa994140058e22f", "answers": [{"text": "John", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was John Shakespeare's profession?", "id": "56dfe4e97aa994140058e230", "answers": [{"text": "inspectors", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If an ale-seller refused to post a sign, what punishment would he receive?", "id": "56dfe4e97aa994140058e231", "answers": [{"text": "forfeit his ale", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1393 King Richard II compelled landlords to erect signs outside their premises. The legislation stated \"Whosoever shall brew ale in the town with intention of selling it must hang out a sign, otherwise he shall forfeit his ale.\" This was to make alehouses easily visible to passing inspectors, borough ale tasters, who would decide the quality of the ale they provided. William Shakespeare's father, John Shakespeare, was one such inspector."}], ["Tanda-tanda awal sering tidak dicat tetapi terdiri, contohnya, peralatan yang berkaitan dengan proses pembuatan bir seperti tandan hop atau alat pembuatan bir, yang digantung di atas pintu pub. Dalam sesetengah kes julukan tempatan, istilah pertanian dan pun digunakan. Acara tempatan sering diperingati dalam tanda-tanda pub. Simbol-simbol semulajadi atau keagamaan yang mudah seperti 'The Sun', 'The Star' dan 'The Cross' dimasukkan ke dalam tanda-tanda pub, kadang-kadang disesuaikan untuk memasukkan elemen-elemen heraldia (contohnya lengan) tanah di mana pub berdiri. Sesetengah pub mempunyai tulisan Latin. <> Inskripsi dari bahasa apa kadangkala terdapat tanda-tanda pub? || Latin <> Bersama dengan The Star dan The Sun, apakah simbol tipikal yang digunakan pada tanda pub? || The Cross <> Apa grafik yang dimiliki oleh tuan tempatan kadang kala dimasukkan pada tanda pub? || Kotak tangan <> Apa tumbuhan yang kadang-kadang dipaparkan pada tanda-tanda pub? || hops <> Kutub lokal pub sering berkaitan dengan profesion apa? || berkebun", {"qas": [{"question": "Inscriptions from what language were sometimes present on pub signs?", "id": "56dfe6cc7aa994140058e237", "answers": [{"text": "Latin", "answer_start": 617}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with The Star and The Sun, what was a typical symbol used on a pub sign?", "id": "56dfe6cc7aa994140058e238", "answers": [{"text": "The Cross", "answer_start": 404}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What graphic belonging to the local lord was sometimes incorporated on the pub sign?", "id": "56dfe6cc7aa994140058e239", "answers": [{"text": "the coat of arms", "answer_start": 519}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What plants were sometimes featured on pub signs?", "id": "56dfe6cc7aa994140058e23a", "answers": [{"text": "hops", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Local pub nicknames were often related to what profession?", "id": "56dfe6cc7aa994140058e23b", "answers": [{"text": "farming", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The earliest signs were often not painted but consisted, for example, of paraphernalia connected with the brewing process such as bunches of hops or brewing implements, which were suspended above the door of the pub. In some cases local nicknames, farming terms and puns were used. Local events were often commemorated in pub signs. Simple natural or religious symbols such as 'The Sun', 'The Star' and 'The Cross' were incorporated into pub signs, sometimes being adapted to incorporate elements of the heraldry (e.g. the coat of arms) of the local lords who owned the lands upon which the pub stood. Some pubs have Latin inscriptions."}], ["Pub boleh menjadi tempat untuk lagu pub dan muzik secara langsung. Pada tahun 1970-an pub menyediakan saluran untuk beberapa band, seperti Kilburn dan Roads Tinggi, Dr. Feelgood dan The Kursaal Flyers, yang membentuk genre muzik yang digelar Pub rock yang merupakan pendahulu kepada muzik Punk. <> Dr. Feelgood dan Kursaal Flyers adalah contoh band dari genre muzik apa? || Pub rock <> Apakah genre muzik yang dipengaruhi oleh pub rock? || Muzik Punk <> Dalam sedekad apa itu popular rock Pub? || tahun 1970-an", {"qas": [{"question": "Dr. Feelgood and the Kursaal Flyers are examples of bands from what genre of music?", "id": "56dfea72231d4119001abe7f", "answers": [{"text": "Pub rock", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre of music was influenced by pub rock?", "id": "56dfea72231d4119001abe80", "answers": [{"text": "Punk music", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what decade was Pub rock popular?", "id": "56dfea72231d4119001abe81", "answers": [{"text": "the 1970s", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Pubs may be venues for pub songs and live music. During the 1970s pubs provided an outlet for a number of bands, such as Kilburn and the High Roads, Dr. Feelgood and The Kursaal Flyers, who formed a musical genre called Pub rock that was a precursor to Punk music."}], ["Sejak tahun 1990-an makanan telah menjadi sebahagian yang lebih penting dari perdagangan pub, dan hari ini kebanyakan pub menyajikan makan tengah hari dan makan malam di meja sebagai tambahan kepada (atau bukan) makanan ringan yang dimakan di bar. Mereka mungkin mempunyai ruang makan berasingan. Sesetengah pub menyajikan makanan untuk standard yang lebih tinggi, untuk dipadankan dengan piawaian restoran yang baik; ini kadang-kadang disebut sebagai gastropubs. <> Semasa dekad apa makanan menjadi aspek penting dalam perniagaan pub? || 1990-an <> Bersama dengan makan malam, makanan apa yang sering dikunjungi oleh pub moden? || makan tengahari <> Apakah istilah untuk pub yang menyajikan makanan yang berkualiti restoran? || gastropubs <> Selain daripada bar, dalam apa bilik yang boleh menjadi pelanggan pub makan? || ruang makan", {"qas": [{"question": "During what decade did food become an important aspect of a pub's business?", "id": "56dfec9f231d4119001abe9d", "answers": [{"text": "the 1990s", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with dinners, what meals do modern pubs often serve?", "id": "56dfec9f231d4119001abe9e", "answers": [{"text": "lunches", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a term for pubs that serve restaurant-quality food?", "id": "56dfec9f231d4119001abe9f", "answers": [{"text": "gastropubs", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Other than the bar, in what room might patrons of a pub eat?", "id": "56dfec9f231d4119001abea0", "answers": [{"text": "dining room", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Since the 1990s food has become a more important part of a pub's trade, and today most pubs serve lunches and dinners at the table in addition to (or instead of) snacks consumed at the bar. They may have a separate dining room. Some pubs serve meals to a higher standard, to match good restaurant standards; these are sometimes termed gastropubs."}], ["Banyak nama untuk pub yang kelihatan tidak masuk akal mungkin berasal dari rasuah slogan lama atau frasa seperti \"The Bag o'Nails\" (Bacchanals), \"Kambing dan Kompas\" (God Encompasseth Us), \"The Cat and the Riddle\" (Chaton Fid\u00e8le: Kitten Setia) dan \"The Bull and Bush\", yang kononnya meraikan kemenangan Henry VIII di \"Boulogne Bouche\" atau Pelabuhan Boulogne-sur-Mer. <> The pub \"The Bag o'Nails\" adalah rasuah perkataan apa? || Bacchanals <> Frasa apa yang \"Kambing dan Kompas\" rasuah? || Tuhan Menguasai Kami <> Apa maksud Chaton Fid\u00e8le dalam bahasa Inggeris? || Kitten Setia <> Lokasi apa yang dirujuk Boulogne Bouche? || Pelabuhan Boulogne-sur-Mer <> Yang memenangi kemenangan di Pelabuhan Boulogne-sur-Mer? || Henry VIII", {"qas": [{"question": "The pub \"The Bag o'Nails\" was a corruption of what word?", "id": "56dfe8c67aa994140058e25b", "answers": [{"text": "Bacchanals", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What phrase was \"The Goat and Compasses\" a corruption of?", "id": "56dfe8c67aa994140058e25c", "answers": [{"text": "God Encompasseth Us", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Chaton Fid\u00e8le mean in English?", "id": "56dfe8c67aa994140058e25d", "answers": [{"text": "Faithful Kitten", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What location does Boulogne Bouche refer to?", "id": "56dfe8c67aa994140058e25e", "answers": [{"text": "Boulogne-sur-Mer Harbour", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who won a victory at Boulogne-sur-Mer Harbour?", "id": "56dfe8c67aa994140058e25f", "answers": [{"text": "Henry VIII", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many names for pubs that appear nonsensical may have come from corruptions of old slogans or phrases, such as \"The Bag o'Nails\" (Bacchanals), \"The Goat and Compasses\" (God Encompasseth Us), \"The Cat and the Fiddle\" (Chaton Fid\u00e8le: Faithful Kitten) and \"The Bull and Bush\", which purportedly celebrates the victory of Henry VIII at \"Boulogne Bouche\" or Boulogne-sur-Mer Harbour."}], ["Sesetengah pub di UK juga mempunyai pasukan bola sepak yang terdiri daripada pelanggan tetap. Kebanyakan pasukan ini berada dalam liga yang bermain perlawanan pada hari Ahad, dengan itu istilah \"Liga Bola Sepak Ahad\". Bowling ditemui bersamaan dengan pub di beberapa bahagian negara dan pasukan tempatan akan bermain perlawanan menentang pasukan yang dijemput dari tempat lain di bowling green pub. <> Apakah istilah untuk bola sepak berasaskan pub yang sering dimainkan pada hari Ahad? || Bola Sepak Liga Ahad <> Sukan apa yang dimainkan di atas hijau bowling pub? || Bowling", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the term for pub-based football that is often played on Sundays?", "id": "56dfea2b231d4119001abe7b", "answers": [{"text": "Sunday League Football", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sport is played on a pub's bowling green?", "id": "56dfea2b231d4119001abe7c", "answers": [{"text": "Bowling", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some pubs in the UK also have football teams composed of regular customers. Many of these teams are in leagues that play matches on Sundays, hence the term \"Sunday League Football\". Bowling is found in association with pubs in some parts of the country and the local team will play matches against teams invited from elsewhere on the pub's bowling green."}], ["Gastropub memberi tumpuan kepada makanan yang berkualiti. Nama ini adalah portmanteau pub dan gastronomi dan dicipta pada tahun 1991 apabila David Eyre dan Mike Belben mengambil alih pub The Eagle di Clerkenwell, London. Konsep restoran di pub menghidupkan semula budaya pub dan makan malam Inggeris, walaupun kadang-kadang menarik kritikan untuk berpotensi menghapuskan karakter pub tradisional. <> Apa dua kata adalah 'gastropub' portanteau? || pub dan gastronomi <> Dalam tahun apakah istilah gastropub dicipta? || 1991 <> Bersama dengan David Eyre, yang mengambil alih pub Eagle? || Mike Belben <> Di mana bandar adalah pub Eagle yang terletak? || London <> Di mana kawasan London adalah pub Eagle yang terletak? || Clerkenwell", {"qas": [{"question": "What two words is 'gastropub' a portanteau of?", "id": "56dfecfb231d4119001abea5", "answers": [{"text": "pub and gastronomy", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the term gastropub invented?", "id": "56dfecfb231d4119001abea6", "answers": [{"text": "1991", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with David Eyre, who took over the Eagle pub?", "id": "56dfecfb231d4119001abea7", "answers": [{"text": "Mike Belben", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city is the Eagle pub located?", "id": "56dfecfb231d4119001abea8", "answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what area of London is the Eagle pub located?", "id": "56dfecfb231d4119001abea9", "answers": [{"text": "Clerkenwell", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A gastropub concentrates on quality food. The name is a portmanteau of pub and gastronomy and was coined in 1991 when David Eyre and Mike Belben took over The Eagle pub in Clerkenwell, London. The concept of a restaurant in a pub reinvigorated both pub culture and British dining, though has occasionally attracted criticism for potentially removing the character of traditional pubs."}], ["Pada tahun 1950-an sesetengah pub British akan menawarkan \"pai dan satu liter\", dengan stik individu dan ale pai panas yang dibuat dengan mudah di premis oleh isteri pemilik semasa waktu pembukaan waktu makan tengah hari. Makan siang pembajak menjadi popular pada akhir tahun 1960-an. Pada akhir 1960-an \"ayam dalam bakul\", sebahagian daripada ayam panggang dengan kerepek, berkhidmat di serbet, dalam keranjang rotan menjadi popular kerana kemudahannya. <> Selama beberapa dekade apakah beberapa pub British memberikan \"pai dan satu liter\"? || 1950-an <> Dalam apa dekadkah makan tengah hari tukang pucuk sering dimakan di pub? || 1960-an <> Apa dekad yang melihat populariti \"ayam dalam bakul\"? || 1960-an <> Apakah \"ayam dalam bakul\" berkhidmat? || bakul rotan <> Bersama dengan ayam, makanan apa yang dimasukkan dalam \"ayam dalam bakul\"? || kerepek", {"qas": [{"question": "During what decade did some British pubs provide \"a pie and a pint\"?", "id": "56dfeb4f231d4119001abe8d", "answers": [{"text": "1950s", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what decade was the ploughman's lunch often consumed in pubs?", "id": "56dfeb4f231d4119001abe8e", "answers": [{"text": "1960s", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What decade saw the popularity of \"chicken in a basket\"?", "id": "56dfeb4f231d4119001abe8f", "answers": [{"text": "1960s", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was \"chicken in a basket\" served in?", "id": "56dfeb4f231d4119001abe90", "answers": [{"text": "a wicker basket", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with chicken, what food was included in \"chicken in a basket\"?", "id": "56dfeb4f231d4119001abe91", "answers": [{"text": "chips", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 1950s some British pubs would offer \"a pie and a pint\", with hot individual steak and ale pies made easily on the premises by the proprietor's wife during the lunchtime opening hours. The ploughman's lunch became popular in the late 1960s. In the late 1960s \"chicken in a basket\", a portion of roast chicken with chips, served on a napkin, in a wicker basket became popular due to its convenience."}], ["Semakin banyak permainan yang lebih moden seperti permainan video dan mesin slot disediakan. Pub mengadakan acara khas, dari pertandingan permainan yang disebutkan di atas hingga malam karaoke hingga kuiz pub. Sesetengah memainkan muzik pop dan hip-hop (bar tarian), atau menunjukkan persatuan bola sepak dan ragbi di televisyen skrin besar (bar sukan). Hentakan salji dan Bat dan perangkap juga popular di pub di selatan London. <> Bersama dengan mesin slot, apakah permainan moden yang semakin terdapat di pub? || permainan video <> Apakah pub yang memainkan muzik pop dan hip-hop dipanggil? || bar tarian <> Pada pub macam mana bolehkah anda menonton kesatuan ragbi di televisyen? || bar sukan <> Bersama dengan Bat dan perangkap, apa permainan yang popular di pub London Selatan? || Sambungkan", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with slot machines, what is a modern game that is increasingly present in pubs?", "id": "56dfe9e07aa994140058e26f", "answers": [{"text": "video games", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a pub that plays pop and hip-hop music called?", "id": "56dfe9e07aa994140058e270", "answers": [{"text": "dance bar", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what sort of pub can you watch rugby union on television?", "id": "56dfe9e07aa994140058e271", "answers": [{"text": "sports bar", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Bat and trap, what game is popular in south London pubs?", "id": "56dfe9e07aa994140058e272", "answers": [{"text": "Shove ha'penny", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Increasingly, more modern games such as video games and slot machines are provided. Pubs hold special events, from tournaments of the aforementioned games to karaoke nights to pub quizzes. Some play pop music and hip-hop (dance bar), or show football and rugby union on big screen televisions (sports bar). Shove ha'penny and Bat and trap were also popular in pubs south of London."}], ["Kualiti menurun tetapi variasi meningkat dengan pengenalan ketuhar gelombang mikro dan makanan beku. \"Pub grub\" diperluaskan untuk memasukkan barangan makanan British seperti stik dan pai ale, pai gembala, ikan dan kerepek, bangers dan mash, panggang Ahad, makan tengah hari tukang puyuh, dan pastie. Di samping itu, hidangan seperti burger, sayap ayam, lasagne dan cili con carne sering dihidangkan. Sesetengah pub menawarkan makanan ringan panas dan sejuk percuma kepada pelanggan pada waktu makan tengah hari Ahad, untuk mengelakkan mereka lapar dan pergi untuk makan tengah hari di rumah. <> Apakah makanan seperti ikan dan kentang goreng dan sayap ayam dipanggil apabila mereka dihidangkan di sebuah pub? || Pub grub <> Pada hari apa pubs kadang-kadang menawarkan makanan ringan percuma? || Ahad <> Apa budaya masakan makan tengah hari tukang makan sebahagian? || Inggeris", {"qas": [{"question": "What are foods like fish and chips and chicken wings called when they're served at a pub?", "id": "56dfec1b231d4119001abe97", "answers": [{"text": "Pub grub", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day do pubs sometimes offer free snacks?", "id": "56dfec1b231d4119001abe98", "answers": [{"text": "Sunday", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What culture's cuisine is ploughman's lunch a part of?", "id": "56dfec1b231d4119001abe99", "answers": [{"text": "British", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Quality dropped but variety increased with the introduction of microwave ovens and freezer food. \"Pub grub\" expanded to include British food items such as steak and ale pie, shepherd's pie, fish and chips, bangers and mash, Sunday roast, ploughman's lunch, and pasties. In addition, dishes such as burgers, chicken wings, lasagne and chilli con carne are often served. Some pubs offer elaborate hot and cold snacks free to customers at Sunday lunchtimes, to prevent them getting hungry and leaving for their lunch at home."}], ["Banyak pub yang mendirikan pertubuhan, dan penekanan sedikit diberikan pada hidangan makanan, selain daripada sandwic dan \"snek bar\", seperti goresan daging babi, telur jeruk, kerepek asin dan kacang yang membantu meningkatkan penjualan bir. Di South East England (terutamanya London) adalah perkara biasa hingga saat ini untuk penjual yang menjual kerang, whelks, kerang, dan kerang lainnya untuk dijual kepada pelanggan pada waktu petang dan pada waktu tutup. Ramai gerai kerang mudah alih akan ditubuhkan berhampiran pub, sebuah amalan yang berterusan di East End London. Jika tidak, kerang jeruk dan kerang boleh ditawarkan oleh pub dalam balang atau paket. <> Pork goreng, telur jeruk dan keripik asin adalah contoh jenis makanan apa? || bar snek <> Di London, apa vendor makanan yang sering dijumpai berhampiran pub? || gerai kerang mudah alih <> Dalam apa bahagian di London boleh gerai kerang mudah alih masih boleh didapati hari ini? || East End <> Makanan laut apa yang sering boleh dibeli di balang di pub? || kerang jeruk dan kerang", {"qas": [{"question": "Pork scratchings, pickled eggs and salted crisps are examples of what type of food?", "id": "56dfead8231d4119001abe85", "answers": [{"text": "bar snacks", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In London, what food vendors could often be found near pubs?", "id": "56dfead8231d4119001abe86", "answers": [{"text": "mobile shellfish stalls", "answer_start": 445}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what section of London can mobile shellfish stalls still be found today?", "id": "56dfead8231d4119001abe87", "answers": [{"text": "East End", "answer_start": 531}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What seafood can often be purchased in jars at pubs?", "id": "56dfead8231d4119001abe88", "answers": [{"text": "pickled cockles and mussels", "answer_start": 552}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many pubs were drinking establishments, and little emphasis was placed on the serving of food, other than sandwiches and \"bar snacks\", such as pork scratchings, pickled eggs, salted crisps and peanuts which helped to increase beer sales. In South East England (especially London) it was common until recent times for vendors selling cockles, whelks, mussels, and other shellfish to sell to customers during the evening and at closing time. Many mobile shellfish stalls would set up near pubs, a practice that continues in London's East End. Otherwise, pickled cockles and mussels may be offered by the pub in jars or packets."}], ["Permainan tradisional dimainkan di pub, dari dart yang terkenal, skittles, domino, kad dan bar biliard, kepada makcik Bibi Sally yang lebih jelas, Morris Sembilan Lelaki dan menelefon banteng. Dalam pertaruhan UK secara sah terhad kepada permainan tertentu seperti cribbage atau domino, dimainkan untuk kepentingan kecil. Dalam beberapa dekad kebelakangan ini permainan kolam (kedua-dua versi Inggeris dan Amerika) telah meningkat dalam populariti serta permainan berasaskan meja lain seperti snooker atau Table Football menjadi biasa. <> Apa permainan yang dimainkan di kedua-dua Britain dan Amerika telah menjadi semakin popular di pub? || Kolam <> Bersama dengan Mak Cik Sally dan menelepon banteng, apakah salah satu permainan tradisional yang tidak jelas dimainkan di pub? || Sembilan Lelaki Morris <> Bersama dart, skittles, domino dan bar billiard, apakah permainan pub yang terkenal? || kad <> Bersama dengan domino, pada permainan pub apa yang boleh anda taruhan secara sah di United Kingdom? || cribbage <> Apa versi bola sepak berasaskan meja adalah permainan pub yang semakin popular? || Jadual Bola Sepak", {"qas": [{"question": "What game played in both Britain and America has become increasingly popular in pubs?", "id": "56dfe9737aa994140058e265", "answers": [{"text": "pool", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Aunt Sally and ringing the bull, what is one of the obscure traditional games played in pubs?", "id": "56dfe9737aa994140058e266", "answers": [{"text": "Nine Men's Morris", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with darts, skittles, dominoes and bar billiards, what is a well-known pub game?", "id": "56dfe9737aa994140058e267", "answers": [{"text": "cards", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with dominoes, on what pub game can you legally bet in the United Kingdom?", "id": "56dfe9737aa994140058e268", "answers": [{"text": "cribbage", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What table-based version of soccer is an increasingly popular pub game?", "id": "56dfe9737aa994140058e269", "answers": [{"text": "Table Football", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Traditional games are played in pubs, ranging from the well-known darts, skittles, dominoes, cards and bar billiards, to the more obscure Aunt Sally, Nine Men's Morris and ringing the bull. In the UK betting is legally limited to certain games such as cribbage or dominoes, played for small stakes. In recent decades the game of pool (both the British and American versions) has increased in popularity as well as other table based games such as snooker or Table Football becoming common."}], ["Terdapat bukti arkeologi bahawa bahagian-bahagian asas The Old Ferryboat Inn di Holywell boleh tarikh ke AD 460, dan ada bukti ale yang disampaikan seawal AD 560. <> Di mana The Old Ferryboat Inn terletak? || Holywell <> Seberapa jauh kembali pondasi penginapan Old Ferryboat Inn? || 460 <> Bilakah pertama kali berkhidmat di tapak The Old Ferryboat Inn? || 560", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is The Old Ferryboat Inn located?", "id": "56dfeec77aa994140058e28b", "answers": [{"text": "Holywell", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How far back does the foundation of The Old Ferryboat Inn date?", "id": "56dfeec77aa994140058e28c", "answers": [{"text": "460", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was ale first served at the site of The Old Ferryboat Inn?", "id": "56dfeec77aa994140058e28d", "answers": [{"text": "560", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There is archaeological evidence that parts of the foundations of The Old Ferryboat Inn in Holywell may date to AD 460, and there is evidence of ale being served as early as AD 560."}], ["Pekan Stalybridge di Cheshire difikirkan mempunyai pub dengan kedua-dua nama terpanjang dan terpendek di United Kingdom - The 13th Cheshire Rifleman Corps Inn dan Inn Q. <> Bandar apakah Q Inn terletak? || Stalybridge <> Daerah mana yang menjadi rumah kepada The 13th Cheshire Rifleman Corps Inn? || Cheshire <> Apa pub mempunyai nama terpendek di United Kingdom? || Q Inn <> Apakah pub dengan nama terpanjang di UK? || The 13th Cheshire Rifleman Corps Inn <> Daerah mana yang terletak di Stalybridge? || Cheshire", {"qas": [{"question": "What town is the Q Inn located in?", "id": "56dfef72231d4119001abeb9", "answers": [{"text": "Stalybridge", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What county is home to The Old 13th Cheshire Rifleman Corps Inn?", "id": "56dfef72231d4119001abeba", "answers": [{"text": "Cheshire", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What pub has the shortest name in the United Kingdom?", "id": "56dfef72231d4119001abebb", "answers": [{"text": "the Q Inn", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the pub with the longest name in the UK?", "id": "56dfef72231d4119001abebc", "answers": [{"text": "The Old 13th Cheshire Rifleman Corps Inn", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What county is Stalybridge in?", "id": "56dfef72231d4119001abebd", "answers": [{"text": "Cheshire", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The town of Stalybridge in Cheshire is thought to have the pubs with both the longest and shortest names in the United Kingdom \u2014 The Old 13th Cheshire Rifleman Corps Inn and the Q Inn."}], ["Projek Hilang Pub menyenaraikan 28,095 pub tertutup pada 21 April 2015, dengan gambar ramai. Pada tahun 2015 kadar penutupan pub adalah di bawah pengawasan Parlimen di UK, dengan janji undang-undang untuk memperbaiki hubungan antara pemilik dan penyewa. <> Berapa banyak pub ditutup Adakah Katalog Projek Hilang Pubs? || 28,095 <> Dalam tahun apakah Parlimen menyiasat kekerapan penutupan pub? || 2015 <> Apa yang telah dijanjikan oleh Parlimen sebagai akibat peningkatan penutupan pub? || undang-undang untuk meningkatkan hubungan antara pemilik dan penyewa", {"qas": [{"question": "How many closed pubs did The Lost Pubs Project catalog?", "id": "56dff050231d4119001abecb", "answers": [{"text": "28,095", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Parliament inquire into the frequency of pub closures?", "id": "56dff050231d4119001abecc", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Parliament promise to pass as a result of increased pub closures?", "id": "56dff050231d4119001abecd", "answers": [{"text": "legislation to improve relations between owners and tenants", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Lost Pubs Project listed 28,095 closed pubs on 21 April 2015, with photographs of many. In 2015 the rate of pub closures came under the scrutiny of Parliament in the UK, with a promise of legislation to improve relations between owners and tenants."}], ["Bilangan pub di UK telah menurun tahun ke tahun, sekurang-kurangnya sejak tahun 1982. Pelbagai alasan dikemukakan untuk ini, seperti kegagalan beberapa pertubuhan untuk memenuhi keperluan pelanggan. Orang lain mendakwa pengharaman merokok tahun 2007, persaingan sengit dari gastro pub, ketersediaan alkohol murah di pasar raya atau iklim ekonomi umum sama ada untuk dipersalahkan, atau faktor-faktor penurunan. Perubahan dalam demografi mungkin merupakan faktor tambahan. <> Bilakah larangan merokok diluluskan di United Kingdom? || 2007 <> Dalam tahun berapakah bilangan pub United Kingdom pada mulanya mula menurun? || 1982 <> Pertandingan dari apa bentuk penubuhan baru yang kadang-kadang dipersalahkan kerana penurunan pub? || gastro-pub <> Apa perniagaan yang menjual alkohol murah kadang-kadang telah dipegang untuk mengakibatkan penurunan pub? || pasar raya", {"qas": [{"question": "When was a smoking ban passed in the United Kingdom?", "id": "56dfefe9231d4119001abec3", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the number of United Kingdom pubs generally start to decline?", "id": "56dfefe9231d4119001abec4", "answers": [{"text": "1982", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Competition from what new form of establishment is sometimes blamed for the decline of pubs?", "id": "56dfefe9231d4119001abec5", "answers": [{"text": "gastro-pubs", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What business that sells cheap alcohol has sometimes been held to have resulted in the decline of pubs?", "id": "56dfefe9231d4119001abec6", "answers": [{"text": "supermarkets", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The number of pubs in the UK has declined year on year, at least since 1982. Various reasons are put forward for this, such as the failure of some establishments to keep up with customer requirements. Others claim the smoking ban of 2007, intense competition from gastro-pubs, the availability of cheap alcohol in supermarkets or the general economic climate are either to blame, or are factors in the decline. Changes in demographics may be an additional factor."}], ["The Bingley Arms, Bardsey, Yorkshire, dituntut sehingga 905 AD. Ye Olde Salutation Inn di Nottingham bermula dari tahun 1240, walaupun bangunan itu berfungsi sebagai penyamakan dan kediaman peribadi sebelum menjadi sebuah penginapan sebelum Perang Saudara Inggeris. Adam dan Hawa di Norwich pertama kali dicatatkan pada tahun 1249, ketika ia merupakan sebuah gudang untuk pekerja membina Katedral Norwich yang berdekatan. Ye Olde Man & Scythe di Bolton, Lancashire, disebut namanya dalam piagam 1251, tetapi bangunan sekarang bertarikh 1631. Ruang bawah tanah adalah satu-satunya bahagian yang masih hidup dari struktur yang lebih lama. <> Bilakah tuntutan Bingley Arms telah diasaskan? || 905 <> Dalam apa daerah yang terdapat Bingley Arms? || Yorkshire <> Bilakah bangunan perumahan Ye Olde Salutation Inn tarikh kembali? || 1240 <> Di mana Ye Olde Salutation Inn terletak? || Nottingham <> Bilakah bangunan perumahan Ye Olde Man & Scythe tarikh dari? || 1631", {"qas": [{"question": "When does The Bingley Arms claim to have been founded?", "id": "56dfef297aa994140058e291", "answers": [{"text": "905", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what county is the Bingley Arms located?", "id": "56dfef297aa994140058e292", "answers": [{"text": "Yorkshire", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When does the building housing Ye Olde Salutation Inn date back to?", "id": "56dfef297aa994140058e293", "answers": [{"text": "1240", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Ye Olde Salutation Inn located?", "id": "56dfef297aa994140058e294", "answers": [{"text": "Nottingham", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When does the building housing Ye Olde Man & Scythe date from?", "id": "56dfef297aa994140058e295", "answers": [{"text": "1631", "answer_start": 506}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Bingley Arms, Bardsey, Yorkshire, is claimed to date to 905 AD. Ye Olde Salutation Inn in Nottingham dates from 1240, although the building served as a tannery and a private residence before becoming an inn sometime before the English Civil War. The Adam and Eve in Norwich was first recorded in 1249, when it was an alehouse for the workers constructing nearby Norwich Cathedral. Ye Olde Man & Scythe in Bolton, Lancashire, is mentioned by name in a charter of 1251, but the current building is dated 1631. Its cellars are the only surviving part of the older structure."}], ["CAMRA mengekalkan \"Inventori Kebangsaan\" ketidaktentuan sejarah dan pub-arkitek dan hiasan yang terkenal. National Trust memiliki tiga puluh enam rumah awam yang bersejarah termasuk George Inn, Southwark, London dan The Crown Liquor Saloon, Belfast, Ireland Utara. <> Berapa banyak pub yang mempunyai National Trust sendiri? || Tiga puluh enam <> Di bandar apa terletak George Inn? || London <> Apa bandar adalah rumah kepada The Crown Liquor Saloon? || Belfast <> Apa bahagian United Kingdom terletak di Belfast? || Ireland Utara <> Badan apa yang mengekalkan Inventori Kebangsaan pub terkenal? || CAMRA", {"qas": [{"question": "How many pubs does the National Trust own?", "id": "56dfed637aa994140058e277", "answers": [{"text": "thirty-six", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city is the George Inn located?", "id": "56dfed637aa994140058e278", "answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city is home to The Crown Liquor Saloon?", "id": "56dfed637aa994140058e279", "answers": [{"text": "Belfast", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of the United Kingdom is Belfast located in?", "id": "56dfed637aa994140058e27a", "answers": [{"text": "Northern Ireland", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body maintains a National Inventory of notable pubs?", "id": "56dfed637aa994140058e27b", "answers": [{"text": "CAMRA", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "CAMRA maintains a \"National Inventory\" of historical notability and of architecturally and decoratively notable pubs. The National Trust owns thirty-six public houses of historic interest including the George Inn, Southwark, London and The Crown Liquor Saloon, Belfast, Northern Ireland."}], ["Banyak pub di London diketahui telah digunakan oleh orang terkenal, tetapi dalam beberapa kes, seperti persatuan antara Samuel Johnson dan Ye Olde Cheshire Keju, ini spekulatif, berdasarkan sedikit lebih daripada fakta bahawa orang itu diketahui mempunyai tinggal berdekatan. Walau bagaimanapun, Charles Dickens dikenali telah melawat Keju Cheshire, Prospek Whitby, Ye Olde Cock Tavern dan banyak lagi. Samuel Pepys juga dikaitkan dengan Prospek Whitby dan Cock Tavern. <> Apa pub dikaitkan dengan Samuel Johnson, mungkin salah? || Keju Ye Olde Cheshire <> Bersama dengan Prospek Whitby, pub apa yang dikatakan Samuel Pepys? || The Cock Tavern <> Apa penulis diketahui untuk melawat Keju Cheshire dan Prospek Whitby? || Charles Dickens <> Bersama dengan Prospek Whitby dan Keju Cheshire, apa pub melawat Dickens? || Ye Olde Cock Tavern", {"qas": [{"question": "What pub was associated with Samuel Johnson, perhaps erroneously?", "id": "56dff154231d4119001abedb", "answers": [{"text": "Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Prospect of Whitby, what pub was Samuel Pepys associated with?", "id": "56dff154231d4119001abedc", "answers": [{"text": "the Cock Tavern", "answer_start": 462}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What writer was known to visit both the Cheshire Cheese and the Prospect of Whitby?", "id": "56dff154231d4119001abedd", "answers": [{"text": "Charles Dickens", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Prospect of Whitby and the Cheshire Cheese, what pub did Dickens visit?", "id": "56dff154231d4119001abede", "answers": [{"text": "Ye Olde Cock Tavern", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many of London's pubs are known to have been used by famous people, but in some cases, such as the association between Samuel Johnson and Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese, this is speculative, based on little more than the fact that the person is known to have lived nearby. However, Charles Dickens is known to have visited the Cheshire Cheese, the Prospect of Whitby, Ye Olde Cock Tavern and many others. Samuel Pepys is also associated with the Prospect of Whitby and the Cock Tavern."}], ["Pub tertinggi di United Kingdom ialah Tan Hill Inn, Yorkshire, pada 1,732 kaki (528 m) di atas paras laut. Pub terpencil di tanah besar British adalah The Old Forge di kampung Inverie, Lochaber, Scotland. Tidak ada akses jalan dan ia hanya boleh dicapai dengan berjalan kaki sejauh 18 batu (29 km) di atas gunung, atau lintasan laut sejauh 7 batu (11 km). Begitu juga, The Berney Arms di Norfolk tidak mempunyai akses jalan. Ia boleh dicapai dengan berjalan kaki atau dengan bot, dan dengan kereta api kerana ia disampaikan oleh stesen kereta api Berney Arms yang berdekatan, yang juga tidak mempunyai akses jalan dan tidak menyediakan penyelesaian lain. <> Apa pub di England adalah yang tertinggi di atas paras laut? || Tan Hill Inn <> Di mana daerah Tan Hill Inn terletak? || Yorkshire <> Berapa meter di atas paras laut adalah Tan Hill Inn? || 528 <> Dalam penyelesaian apa pub ini dikenali sebagai The Old Forge yang terletak? || Inverie <> Di negara manakah United Kingdom adalah pub Old Forge yang terletak? || Scotland", {"qas": [{"question": "What pub in England is the highest above sea level?", "id": "56dfeddd7aa994140058e281", "answers": [{"text": "the Tan Hill Inn", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what county is the Tan Hill Inn located?", "id": "56dfeddd7aa994140058e282", "answers": [{"text": "Yorkshire", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many meters above sea level is the Tan Hill Inn?", "id": "56dfeddd7aa994140058e283", "answers": [{"text": "528", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what settlement is the pub known as The Old Forge located?", "id": "56dfeddd7aa994140058e284", "answers": [{"text": "Inverie", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what country of the United Kingdom is the Old Forge pub located?", "id": "56dfeddd7aa994140058e285", "answers": [{"text": "Scotland", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The highest pub in the United Kingdom is the Tan Hill Inn, Yorkshire, at 1,732 feet (528 m) above sea level. The remotest pub on the British mainland is The Old Forge in the village of Inverie, Lochaber, Scotland. There is no road access and it may only be reached by an 18-mile (29 km) walk over mountains, or a 7-mile (11 km) sea crossing. Likewise, The Berney Arms in Norfolk has no road access. It may be reached by foot or by boat, and by train as it is served by the nearby Berney Arms railway station, which likewise has no road access and serves no other settlement."}], ["Pemandu jalan raya Dick Turpin menggunakan Swan Inn di Woughton-on-the-Green di Buckinghamshire sebagai pangkalannya. Pada tahun 1920-an, John Fothergill (1876-1957) adalah pemilik penginapan Spread Eagle di Thame, Berkshire, dan menerbitkan autobiografinya: Diary of Innereper (London: Chatto & Windus, 1931). Selama penghuniannya yang idiosintesa banyak orang terkenal datang, seperti H. G. Wells. Presiden Amerika Syarikat, George W. Bush telah memenuhi cita-cita seumur hidupnya untuk melawat 'pub tulen' sejati semasa lawatan kenegaraan November 2003 ke Inggeris ketika dia makan tengah hari dan satu pintar bukan alkohol (Bush menjadi seorang pengetengah) dengan Perdana Menteri Britain Tony Blair di pub Dun Cow di Sedgefield, County Durham di kawasan rumah Blair. Terdapat kira-kira 53,500 rumah awam pada tahun 2009 di United Kingdom. Nombor ini telah menurun setiap tahun, sehingga hampir separuh dari kampung kecil tidak lagi mempunyai pub tempatan. <> Siapa yang berasaskan Swan Inn? || Dick Turpin <> Di mana daerah Swan Inn terletak? || Buckinghamshire <> Apa nama pemilik penginapan di Spread Eagle pada tahun 1920-an? || John Fothergill <> Pada tahun apakah ada Diary of Innkeeper's yang diterbitkan? || 1931 <> Apakah rumah penerbitan yang diterbitkan Diary's Innkeeper's? || Chatto & Windus", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was based out of the Swan Inn?", "id": "56dff0b1231d4119001abed1", "answers": [{"text": "Dick Turpin", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what county was the Swan Inn located?", "id": "56dff0b1231d4119001abed2", "answers": [{"text": "Buckinghamshire", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the innkeeper at the Spread Eagle in the 1920s?", "id": "56dff0b1231d4119001abed3", "answers": [{"text": "John Fothergill", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was An Innkeeper's Diary published?", "id": "56dff0b1231d4119001abed4", "answers": [{"text": "1931", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What publishing house published An Innkeeper's Diary?", "id": "56dff0b1231d4119001abed5", "answers": [{"text": "Chatto & Windus", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The highwayman Dick Turpin used the Swan Inn at Woughton-on-the-Green in Buckinghamshire as his base. In the 1920s John Fothergill (1876\u20131957) was the innkeeper of the Spread Eagle in Thame, Berkshire, and published his autobiography: An Innkeeper's Diary (London: Chatto & Windus, 1931). During his idiosyncratic occupancy many famous people came to stay, such as H. G. Wells. United States president George W. Bush fulfilled his lifetime ambition of visiting a 'genuine British pub' during his November 2003 state visit to the UK when he had lunch and a pint of non-alcoholic lager (Bush being a teetotaler) with British Prime Minister Tony Blair at the Dun Cow pub in Sedgefield, County Durham in Blair's home constituency. There were approximately 53,500 public houses in 2009 in the United Kingdom. This number has been declining every year, so that nearly half of the smaller villages no longer have a local pub."}], ["Beberapa pub mendakwa sebagai penubuhan tertua yang masih hidup di United Kingdom, walaupun dalam beberapa kes bangunan asal telah dirobohkan dan digantikan di laman yang sama. Lain-lain bangunan kuno yang dilihat menggunakan selain pub sebagai sejarah mereka. Ye Olde Fighting Cocks di St Albans, Hertfordshire, memegang Rekod Dunia Guinness untuk pub tertua di England, kerana ia adalah struktur abad ke-11 di laman web abad ke-8. Perjalanan Ye Olde ke Yerusalem di Nottingham dikatakan sebagai \"penginapan tertua di England\". Ia mempunyai tarikh yang dikemukakan 1189, berdasarkan fakta yang dibina di tapak rumah bir Nottingham Castle; bangunan sekarang bermula dari sekitar 1650. Begitu juga, The Nags Head di Burntwood, Staffordshire hanya bermula pada abad ke-16, tetapi terdapat sebuah pub di laman web sejak sekurang-kurangnya 1086, seperti yang disebutkan dalam Buku Domesday. <> Apa pub memegang Rekod Dunia Guinness sebagai yang tertua di England? || Ye Olde Fighting Cocks <> Dalam abad berapa bangunan yang diduduki Ye Olde Fighting Cocks dibina? || Ke-11 <> Di mana Ye Olde Trip ke Yerusalem terletak? || Nottingham <> Kapan Ye Olde Trip ke Yerusalem mendakwa telah ditubuhkan? || 1189 <> Bilakah sebuah pub didokumenkan seperti yang terdapat pada tapak semasa di Nags Head? || 1086", {"qas": [{"question": "What pub holds the Guinness World Record as the oldest in England?", "id": "56dfee94231d4119001abeaf", "answers": [{"text": "Ye Olde Fighting Cocks", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century was the building occupied by Ye Olde Fighting Cocks built?", "id": "56dfee94231d4119001abeb0", "answers": [{"text": "11th", "answer_start": 396}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem located?", "id": "56dfee94231d4119001abeb1", "answers": [{"text": "Nottingham", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When does Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem claim to have been founded?", "id": "56dfee94231d4119001abeb2", "answers": [{"text": "1189", "answer_start": 554}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was a pub documented as existing on the current site of the Nags Head?", "id": "56dfee94231d4119001abeb3", "answers": [{"text": "1086", "answer_start": 830}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A number of pubs claim to be the oldest surviving establishment in the United Kingdom, although in several cases original buildings have been demolished and replaced on the same site. Others are ancient buildings that saw uses other than as a pub during their history. Ye Olde Fighting Cocks in St Albans, Hertfordshire, holds the Guinness World Record for the oldest pub in England, as it is an 11th-century structure on an 8th-century site. Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem in Nottingham is claimed to be the \"oldest inn in England\". It has a claimed date of 1189, based on the fact it is constructed on the site of the Nottingham Castle brewhouse; the present building dates from around 1650. Likewise, The Nags Head in Burntwood, Staffordshire only dates back to the 16th century, but there has been a pub on the site since at least 1086, as it is mentioned in the Domesday Book."}], ["Walaupun pub \"British\" yang ditemui di luar Britain dan bekas tanah jajahannya sering dijadikan bar kerana sedikit pub pub asal, beberapa pub \"benar\" boleh didapati di seluruh dunia. <> Apakah klasifikasi yang lebih tepat untuk pub-pub \"British\" yang terdapat di luar Britain? || bar bertema", {"qas": [{"question": "What would be a more accurate classification for many \"British\" pubs found outside Britain?", "id": "56dff407231d4119001abef7", "answers": [{"text": "themed bars", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although \"British\" pubs found outside of Britain and its former colonies are often themed bars owing little to the original British pub, a number of \"true\" pubs may be found around the world."}], ["Malaikat itu, Islington adalah bekas penginapan latihan, yang pertama di laluan ke utara dari London, di mana Thomas Paine dipercayai telah menulis banyak The Rights of Man. Ia disebut oleh Charles Dickens, menjadi Rumah Corner Lyons, dan kini merupakan Bank Koperasi. <> Di pub apakah Thomas Paine menulis Hak-Hak Manusia? || The Angel <> Di mana daerah London adalah The Angel terletak? || Islington <> Apa yang disebut penulis The Angel pub dalam tulisannya? || Charles Dickens <> Apakah status pub malaikat sekarang? || sebuah Bank Koperasi <> Sebelum menjadi sebuah pub, apakah yang dilakukan oleh Malaikat itu? || sebuah penginapan latihan", {"qas": [{"question": "At what pub did Thomas Paine write The Rights of Man?", "id": "56dff3097aa994140058e2af", "answers": [{"text": "The Angel", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what district of London is The Angel located?", "id": "56dff3097aa994140058e2b0", "answers": [{"text": "Islington", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What writer mentioned The Angel pub in his writings?", "id": "56dff3097aa994140058e2b1", "answers": [{"text": "Charles Dickens", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the present status of the Angel pub?", "id": "56dff3097aa994140058e2b2", "answers": [{"text": "a Co-operative Bank", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Prior to becoming a pub, what did the Angel serve as?", "id": "56dff3097aa994140058e2b3", "answers": [{"text": "a coaching inn", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Angel, Islington was formerly a coaching inn, the first on the route northwards out of London, where Thomas Paine is believed to have written much of The Rights of Man. It was mentioned by Charles Dickens, became a Lyons Corner House, and is now a Co-operative Bank."}], ["Opera sabun utama di televisyen Inggeris masing-masing mempunyai sebuah pub, dan pub ini telah menjadi nama isi rumah. The Rovers Return adalah pub di Coronation Street, siaran sabun British di ITV. The Queen Vic (pendek untuk Queen Victoria) adalah pub di EastEnders, sabun utama di BBC One dan Woolpack di ITV's Emmerdale. Set ketiga-tiga opera sabun televisyen utama telah dikunjungi oleh beberapa ahli keluarga diraja, termasuk Ratu Elizabeth II. Pusat setiap lawatan adalah lawatan ke Rovers, Queen Vic, atau Woolpack yang akan ditawarkan minuman. The Bull di BBC Radio 4 sabun opera The Archers adalah titik pertemuan penting. <> Apa pub yang terdapat di Street Coronation opera sabun Inggeris? || The Rovers Return <> Apa pub yang dipaparkan di EastEnders? || The Queen Vic <> Apakah saluran yang disiarkan di EastEnders? || BBC One <> Saluran apa yang menjadi rumah kepada opera sabun Emmerdale? || ITV <> Apa pub yang dipaparkan di Emmerdale? || Woolpack", {"qas": [{"question": "What pub is feature on the British soap opera Coronation Street?", "id": "56dff3c2231d4119001abeed", "answers": [{"text": "The Rovers Return", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What pub is featured on EastEnders?", "id": "56dff3c2231d4119001abeee", "answers": [{"text": "The Queen Vic", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What channel is EastEnders broadcast on?", "id": "56dff3c2231d4119001abeef", "answers": [{"text": "BBC One", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What channel is home to the soap opera Emmerdale?", "id": "56dff3c2231d4119001abef0", "answers": [{"text": "ITV", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What pub is featured on Emmerdale?", "id": "56dff3c2231d4119001abef1", "answers": [{"text": "the Woolpack", "answer_start": 295}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The major soap operas on British television each feature a pub, and these pubs have become household names. The Rovers Return is the pub in Coronation Street, the British soap broadcast on ITV. The Queen Vic (short for the Queen Victoria) is the pub in EastEnders, the major soap on BBC One and the Woolpack in ITV's Emmerdale. The sets of each of the three major television soap operas have been visited by some of the members of the royal family, including Queen Elizabeth II. The centrepiece of each visit was a trip into the Rovers, the Queen Vic, or the Woolpack to be offered a drink. The Bull in the BBC Radio 4 soap opera The Archers is an important meeting point."}], ["The Eagle dan Anak dan Anak Domba dan Bendera, Oxford, adalah tempat mesyuarat tetap Inklings, kumpulan penulis yang termasuk J. R. R. Tolkien dan C. S. Lewis. The Eagle di Cambridge adalah di mana Francis Crick mengganggu waktu makan tengah hari pelanggan pada 28 Februari 1953 untuk mengumumkan bahawa dia dan James Watson telah \"menemukan rahsia kehidupan\" selepas mereka telah membuat cadangan mereka untuk struktur DNA. Anekdot itu berkaitan dalam buku The Double Helix dalam buku Watson. dan diperingati dengan plak biru di dinding luar. <> Bersama dengan Eagle dan Anak, di pub apa yang dilakukan oleh Inklings secara berkala? || Domba dan Bendera <> Dimana Eagle dan Anak terletak? || Oxford <> Bersama dengan J. R. R. Tolkien, yang merupakan ahli yang dikenali sebagai Inklings? || C. S. Lewis <> Di mana pub Eagle terletak? || Cambridge <> Pada apa tarikh Francis Crick mengumumkan kepada penonton pub-penonton bahawa dia telah menemui DNA? || 28 Februari 1953", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with the Eagle and Child, at what pub did the Inklings regularly meet?", "id": "56dff36d7aa994140058e2b9", "answers": [{"text": "the Lamb and Flag", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Eagle and Child located?", "id": "56dff36d7aa994140058e2ba", "answers": [{"text": "Oxford", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with J. R. R. Tolkien, who was a noted member of the Inklings?", "id": "56dff36d7aa994140058e2bb", "answers": [{"text": "C. S. Lewis", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Eagle pub located?", "id": "56dff36d7aa994140058e2bc", "answers": [{"text": "Cambridge", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did Francis Crick announce to an audience of pub-goers that he had discovered DNA?", "id": "56dff36d7aa994140058e2bd", "answers": [{"text": "28 February 1953", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Eagle and Child and the Lamb and Flag, Oxford, were regular meeting places of the Inklings, a writers' group which included J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis. The Eagle in Cambridge is where Francis Crick interrupted patrons' lunchtime on 28 February 1953 to announce that he and James Watson had \"discovered the secret of life\" after they had come up with their proposal for the structure of DNA. The anecdote is related in Watson's book The Double Helix. and commemorated with a blue plaque on the outside wall."}], ["Singa Merah di Dataran Parlimen dekat dengan Istana Westminster dan akibatnya digunakan oleh wartawan politik dan anggota parlimen. Pub ini dilengkapi dengan loceng Bahagian yang memanggil Ahli Parlimen kembali ke ruang apabila mereka dikehendaki mengambil bahagian dalam undi. Punch Bowl, Mayfair pada satu masa bersama bersama Madonna dan Guy Ritchie. Rumah awam Coleherne di Earls Court adalah pub gay terkenal dari tahun 1950-an. Ia menarik ramai pelanggan yang terkenal, seperti Freddie Mercury, Kenny Everett dan Rudolph Nureyev. Ia digunakan oleh pembunuh bersiri Colin Ireland untuk mengambil mangsa. <> Di manakah terletak Singa Merah? || Dataran Parlimen <> Ciri-ciri utama yang terdapat pada Red Lion mencerminkan sambungan parlimennya? || Belahan Bahagian <> Siapa yang memegang Punch Bowl dengan Guy Ritchie? || Madonna <> Di mana daerah London adalah Punch Bowl yang terletak? || Mayfair <> Apa pub dilawat oleh Freddie Mercury? || The Coleherne", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the Red Lion located?", "id": "56dff2277aa994140058e29b", "answers": [{"text": "Parliament Square", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What notable feature of the Red Lion reflects its parliamentary connection?", "id": "56dff2277aa994140058e29c", "answers": [{"text": "a Division bell", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who owned the Punch Bowl with Guy Ritchie?", "id": "56dff2277aa994140058e29d", "answers": [{"text": "Madonna", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what district of London was the Punch Bowl located?", "id": "56dff2277aa994140058e29e", "answers": [{"text": "Mayfair", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What pub was visited by Freddie Mercury?", "id": "56dff2277aa994140058e29f", "answers": [{"text": "The Coleherne", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Red Lion in Parliament Square is close to the Palace of Westminster and is consequently used by political journalists and members of parliament. The pub is equipped with a Division bell that summons MPs back to the chamber when they are required to take part in a vote. The Punch Bowl, Mayfair was at one time jointly owned by Madonna and Guy Ritchie. The Coleherne public house in Earls Court was a well-known gay pub from the 1950s. It attracted many well-known patrons, such as Freddie Mercury, Kenny Everett and Rudolph Nureyev. It was used by the serial-killer Colin Ireland to pick up victims."}], ["Di Denmark-sebuah negara, seperti Britain, dengan tradisi pembuatan bir yang panjang-sebilangan pub telah dibuka yang menghalangi \"menyerang\", dan yang menumpukan kepada perniagaan menyediakan bir berhati-hati, sering tidak bergantung kepada mana-mana kilang bir atau rantaian tertentu, dalam persekitaran yang tidak biasa kepada seorang pub-goer British. Sesetengah import British cask ale, bukan bir dalam kegs, untuk memberikan pengalaman sebenar sebenar ale kepada pelanggan mereka. Ini minat Denmark yang baru ditubuhkan dalam bir cask British dan tradisi pub British dicerminkan oleh fakta bahawa kira-kira 56 bir cask British didapati di Festival Beer Eropah 2008 di Copenhagen, yang dihadiri oleh lebih daripada 20,000 orang. <> Apa negara benua Eropah mempunyai pub yang akan biasa dengan orang Inggeris? || Denmark <> Berapa banyak bir cask British hadir di Pesta Beer Eropah 2008? || 56 <> Di kota apakah Festival Beer Eropah 2008 berlaku? || Copenhagen <> Berapa banyak orang yang melawat Festival Bir Eropah 2008? || 20,000", {"qas": [{"question": "What continental European country has pubs that would be familiar to a Briton?", "id": "56dff46f231d4119001abef9", "answers": [{"text": "Denmark", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many British cask beers were present at the 2008 European Beer Festival?", "id": "56dff46f231d4119001abefa", "answers": [{"text": "56", "answer_start": 577}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city did the 2008 European Beer Festival take place?", "id": "56dff46f231d4119001abefb", "answers": [{"text": "Copenhagen", "answer_start": 652}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many people visited the 2008 European Beer Festival?", "id": "56dff46f231d4119001abefc", "answers": [{"text": "20,000", "answer_start": 696}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Denmark\u2014a country, like Britain, with a long tradition of brewing\u2014a number of pubs have opened which eschew \"theming\", and which instead focus on the business of providing carefully conditioned beer, often independent of any particular brewery or chain, in an environment which would not be unfamiliar to a British pub-goer. Some import British cask ale, rather than beer in kegs, to provide the full British real ale experience to their customers. This newly established Danish interest in British cask beer and the British pub tradition is reflected by the fact that some 56 British cask beers were available at the 2008 European Beer Festival in Copenhagen, which was attended by more than 20,000 people."}], ["Pada tahun 1966 The Begging Blind di Whitechapel menjadi terkenal sebagai tempat kejadian pembunuhan yang dilakukan oleh gangster Ronnie Kray. The Ten Bells dikaitkan dengan beberapa mangsa Jack the Ripper. Pada tahun 1955, Ruth Ellis, wanita terakhir yang disiarkan di United Kingdom, menembak David Blakely ketika dia muncul dari The Magdala di South Hill Park, Hampstead, lubang peluru masih dapat dilihat di dinding di luar. Dikatakan bahawa Vladimir Lenin dan seorang muda Joseph Stalin bertemu di pub Mahkota dan Anchor (kini dikenali sebagai The Tavern Crown) di Clerkenwell Green ketika yang terakhir melawat London pada 1903. <> Pada pub apa yang Ronnie Kray membunuh seseorang pada tahun 1966 ? || The Blind Beggar <> Apa pub dikaitkan dengan beberapa mangsa Jack the Ripper? || The Ten Bells <> Di luar pub apa David Blakely ditembak? || The Magdala <> Apakah nama sekarang bekas Mahkota dan Anchor? || The Crown Tavern <> Dalam tahun apakah Joseph Stalin melawat London? || 1903", {"qas": [{"question": "At what pub did Ronnie Kray kill someone in 1966?", "id": "56dff2937aa994140058e2a5", "answers": [{"text": "The Blind Beggar", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What pub is associated with some of Jack the Ripper's victims?", "id": "56dff2937aa994140058e2a6", "answers": [{"text": "The Ten Bells", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Outside what pub was David Blakely shot?", "id": "56dff2937aa994140058e2a7", "answers": [{"text": "The Magdala", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the present name of the former Crown and Anchor?", "id": "56dff2937aa994140058e2a8", "answers": [{"text": "The Crown Tavern", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Joseph Stalin visit London?", "id": "56dff2937aa994140058e2a9", "answers": [{"text": "1903", "answer_start": 579}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1966 The Blind Beggar in Whitechapel became infamous as the scene of a murder committed by gangster Ronnie Kray. The Ten Bells is associated with several of the victims of Jack the Ripper. In 1955, Ruth Ellis, the last woman executed in the United Kingdom, shot David Blakely as he emerged from The Magdala in South Hill Park, Hampstead, the bullet holes can still be seen in the walls outside. It is said that Vladimir Lenin and a young Joseph Stalin met in the Crown and Anchor pub (now known as The Crown Tavern) on Clerkenwell Green when the latter was visiting London in 1903."}], ["Di Ireland, pub terkenal dengan suasana mereka atau \"craic\". Di Ireland, sebuah pub dirujuk sebagai mengajar t\u00e1bhairne (\"tavernhouse\") atau mengajar \u00f3il (\"drinkinghouse\"). Muzik langsung, sama ada sesi muzik Ireland tradisional atau jenis muzik popular moden, sering dipaparkan di pub Ireland. Pub di Ireland Utara sebahagian besarnya sama dengan rakan-rakan mereka di Republik Ireland kecuali kurangnya pekerdih semangat. Kesan sampingan \"Masalah\" ialah kekurangan industri pelancongan bermakna perkadaran bar tradisional yang lebih tinggi telah terselamat daripada penambahan borong dalaman pub Ireland dalam 'gaya bahasa Inggeris' pada tahun 1950-an dan 1960-an. New Zealand menganjurkan beberapa pub Ireland. <> Apakah istilah Irlandia asli untuk suasana pub? || craic <> Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan t\u00e1bhairne dalam bahasa Inggeris? || tavernhouse <> Apakah istilah Irish bermaksud \"rumah minum\"? || ajarlah <> Vis-\u00e0-vis pub di Ireland, apa ciri pub di Ireland Utara kekurangan? || penjual semangat <> Apa negara di luar Ireland yang dikenali kerana mempunyai pub Ireland? || New Zealand", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the native Irish term for a pub's atmosphere?", "id": "56dff532231d4119001abf01", "answers": [{"text": "craic", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does teach t\u00e1bhairne mean in English?", "id": "56dff532231d4119001abf02", "answers": [{"text": "tavernhouse", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Irish term means \"drinkinghouse\"?", "id": "56dff532231d4119001abf03", "answers": [{"text": "teach \u00f3il", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Vis-\u00e0-vis pubs in Ireland, what feature do pubs in Northern Ireland lack?", "id": "56dff532231d4119001abf04", "answers": [{"text": "spirit grocers", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country outside Ireland is known for having Irish pubs?", "id": "56dff532231d4119001abf05", "answers": [{"text": "New Zealand", "answer_start": 664}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Ireland, pubs are known for their atmosphere or \"craic\". In Irish, a pub is referred to as teach t\u00e1bhairne (\"tavernhouse\") or teach \u00f3il (\"drinkinghouse\"). Live music, either sessions of traditional Irish music or varieties of modern popular music, is frequently featured in the pubs of Ireland. Pubs in Northern Ireland are largely identical to their counterparts in the Republic of Ireland except for the lack of spirit grocers. A side effect of \"The Troubles\" was that the lack of a tourist industry meant that a higher proportion of traditional bars have survived the wholesale refitting of Irish pub interiors in the 'English style' in the 1950s and 1960s. New Zealand sports a number of Irish pubs."}], ["Istilah yang paling popular di Kanada yang berbahasa Inggeris yang digunakan untuk penubuhan minuman adalah \"kedai\", sehingga tahun 1970 ketika istilah \"bar\" menjadi meluas seperti di Amerika Syarikat. Pada tahun 1800 istilah yang digunakan adalah \"rumah awam\" seperti di England tetapi \"budaya pub\" tidak menyebar ke Kanada. Trend pub \"mencari\" palsu yang dimulakan pada tahun 1990-an, dibina ke dalam stor depan yang sedia ada, seperti bar biasa. Kebanyakan universiti di Kanada mempunyai pub kampus yang menjadi pusat kehidupan pelajar, kerana ia akan menjadi bentuk buruk hanya untuk memberi alkohol kepada pelajar tanpa menyediakan beberapa jenis makanan asas. Selalunya pub ini dikendalikan oleh kesatuan pelajar. Konsep gastropub telah ditangkap, kerana pengaruh British tradisional dapat dijumpai di banyak masakan Kanada. Sekarang ada pub di bandar-bandar besar Kanada yang memenuhi keperluan sesiapa yang berminat dalam persekitaran minuman jenis \"pub\". [Secara tradisinya, apakah istilah popular untuk pertubuhan minum dalam bahasa Inggeris yang berbahasa Inggeris? || tavern <> Dalam apa dekad apa \"bar\" menjadi istilah popular untuk penubuhan minuman dalam bahasa Inggeris yang berbahasa Inggeris? || 1970-an <> Pada abad ke-19, istilah apa yang digunakan dalam bahasa Inggeris yang berbahasa Inggeris untuk menggambarkan sebuah pertubuhan minuman? || rumah awam <> Badan apa yang kerap menjalankan pub di kampus universiti Kanada? || kesatuan pelajar <> Dalam dekad apa yang dapat seseorang mencari trend pub \"berbahasa Inggeris\" di Kanada? || 1990-an", {"qas": [{"question": "Traditionally, what was the popular term for a drinking establishment in English-speaking Canada?", "id": "56dff5ca231d4119001abf0b", "answers": [{"text": "tavern", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what decade did \"bar\" become the popular term for a drinking establishment in English-speaking Canada?", "id": "56dff5ca231d4119001abf0c", "answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the 19th century, what term was used in English-speaking Canada to describe a drinking establishment?", "id": "56dff5ca231d4119001abf0d", "answers": [{"text": "public house", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body often runs pubs on the campuses of Canadian universities?", "id": "56dff5ca231d4119001abf0e", "answers": [{"text": "the student's union", "answer_start": 598}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what decade could one find an \"English looking\" pub trend in Canada?", "id": "56dff5ca231d4119001abf0f", "answers": [{"text": "1990s", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The most popular term in English-speaking Canada used for a drinking establishment was \"tavern\", until the 1970s when the term \"bar\" became widespread as in the United States. In the 1800s the term used was \"public house\" as in England but \"pub culture\" did not spread to Canada. A fake \"English looking\" pub trend started in the 1990s, built into existing storefronts, like regular bars. Most universities in Canada have campus pubs which are central to student life, as it would be bad form just to serve alcohol to students without providing some type of basic food. Often these pubs are run by the student's union. The gastropub concept has caught on, as traditional British influences are to be found in many Canadian dishes. There are now pubs in the large cities of Canada that cater to anyone interested in a \"pub\" type drinking environment.[citation needed]"}], ["The Fitzroy Tavern adalah sebuah pub yang terletak di 16 Charlotte Street di daerah Fitzrovia, yang mana ia memberikan namanya. Ia menjadi terkenal (atau menurut orang lain, terkenal) dalam tempoh 1920-an hingga pertengahan 1950-an sebagai tempat pertemuan bagi banyak artis, intelektual dan bohemian London seperti Dylan Thomas, Augustus John, dan George Orwell. Beberapa pertubuhan di Soho, London, mempunyai persatuan dengan tokoh sastera dan seni pasca perang yang terkenal, termasuk Rukun Hercules, Bilik Koloni dan Jurulatih dan Kuda. The Canonbury Tavern, Canonbury, adalah prototaip untuk pub Inggeris Orwell, The Moon Under Water. <> Apakah alamat jalan The Fitzroy Tavern? || 16 Charlotte Street <> Di mana daerah London adalah The Fitzroy Tavern terletak? || Fitzrovia <> Di mana daerah London adalah Pilar Hercules terletak? || Soho <> Apa pub kehidupan sebenar menyediakan model untuk Orwell's The Moon Under Water? || The Canonbury Tavern <> Di mana daerah London adalah The Canonbury Tavern terletak? || Canonbury", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the street address of The Fitzroy Tavern?", "id": "56dff1be231d4119001abee3", "answers": [{"text": "16 Charlotte Street", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what district of London is The Fitzroy Tavern located?", "id": "56dff1be231d4119001abee4", "answers": [{"text": "Fitzrovia", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what district of London is Pillars of Hercules located?", "id": "56dff1be231d4119001abee5", "answers": [{"text": "Soho", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What real-life pub provided the model for Orwell's The Moon Under Water?", "id": "56dff1be231d4119001abee6", "answers": [{"text": "The Canonbury Tavern", "answer_start": 544}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what district of London is The Canonbury Tavern located?", "id": "56dff1be231d4119001abee7", "answers": [{"text": "Canonbury", "answer_start": 548}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Fitzroy Tavern is a pub situated at 16 Charlotte Street in the Fitzrovia district, to which it gives its name. It became famous (or according to others, infamous) during a period spanning the 1920s to the mid-1950s as a meeting place for many of London's artists, intellectuals and bohemians such as Dylan Thomas, Augustus John, and George Orwell. Several establishments in Soho, London, have associations with well-known, post-war literary and artistic figures, including the Pillars of Hercules, The Colony Room and the Coach and Horses. The Canonbury Tavern, Canonbury, was the prototype for Orwell's ideal English pub, The Moon Under Water."}]], [["Pada 12 Mac 2015, FCC mengeluarkan butiran khusus mengenai peraturan netraliti bersih. Pada 13 April 2015, FCC menerbitkan peraturan terakhir mengenai peraturan \"Net Neutrality\" yang baru. <> Bilakah FCC menerbitkan peraturan akhir mengenai peraturan netraliti bersih? || 13 April 2015 <> Kapan ringkasan am mengenai netraliti bersih dikeluarkan? || <> Bilakah draf pertama peraturan netraliti bersih diterbitkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the FCC publish its final rule on net neutrality regulations?", "id": "56dfbcec231d4119001abd54", "answers": [{"text": "13 April 2015", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "12 March 2015", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When was a general summary of net neutrality released?", "id": "5a10d23306e79900185c340d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "13 April 2015,", "answer_start": 88}], "question": "When was the first draft of the net neutrality regulations published?", "id": "5a10d23306e79900185c340e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On 12 March 2015, the FCC released the specific details of the net neutrality rules. On 13 April 2015, the FCC published the final rule on its new \"Net Neutrality\" regulations."}], ["Perkhidmatan Internet yang biasanya disediakan oleh ISP termasuk akses Internet, transit Internet, pendaftaran nama domain, web hosting, perkhidmatan Usenet, dan colocation. <> Jenis organisasi yang menyediakan akses internet? || ISP <> Apakah beberapa perkhidmatan yang disediakan oleh ISP? || Akses internet, transit Internet, pendaftaran nama domain, web hosting, perkhidmatan Usenet, dan colocation <> Apa jenis organisasi menghalang akses Internet || <> Apakah beberapa perkhidmatan yang tidak disediakan oleh ISP? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of organization provides internet access?", "id": "56dfb9837aa994140058e083", "answers": [{"text": "ISPs", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some services provided by an isp?", "id": "56dfb9837aa994140058e084", "answers": [{"text": "Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ISPs", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "What kind of organization blocks Internet access", "id": "5a10c42a06e79900185c33e7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation", "answer_start": 53}], "question": "What are some services not provided by an ISP?", "id": "5a10c42a06e79900185c33e8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Internet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation."}], ["Bagi pelanggan yang mempunyai keperluan yang lebih mencabar (seperti perniagaan sederhana hingga besar atau ISP lain) boleh menggunakan DSL kelajuan tinggi (seperti talian pelanggan digital berkelajuan tinggi tunggal), Ethernet, metropolitan Ethernet, gigabit Ethernet, Relay Frame , Antara Muka Kadar Utama ISDN, ATM (Mod Pindahan Asynchronous) dan rangkaian optik segerak (SONET). <> Jenis pelanggan apa yang biasanya akan mempunyai keperluan yang lebih mencabar? || perniagaan sederhana hingga besar, atau ISP lain <> apa yang ada di sekeliling untuk penyedia internet? || Mod Pindahan Asynchronous <> apakah kelajuan tinggi dsl digunakan? || pelanggan dengan keperluan yang lebih tinggi <> apa itu SONET? || rangkaian optik segerak <> Apa yang tersedia untuk pelanggan dengan keperluan yang kurang mencabar? || <> Apa singkatan untuk mod pemindahan segerak || <> Apakah singkatan untuk rangkaian optik asynchronous ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of customers would typically have more demanding requirements? ", "id": "56dfbe7c231d4119001abd70", "answers": [{"text": "medium-to-large businesses, or other ISPs", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what does atm stand for in relation to internet providers? ", "id": "56dfbe7c231d4119001abd71", "answers": [{"text": "Asynchronous Transfer Mode", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what is high-speed dsl used for? ", "id": "56dfbe7c231d4119001abd72", "answers": [{"text": "customers with more demanding requirements", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what is SONET? ", "id": "56dfbe7c231d4119001abd73", "answers": [{"text": "synchronous optical networking", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "higher-speed DSL", "answer_start": 107}], "question": "What is available to customers with less demanding requirements?", "id": "5a10d9ce06e79900185c341f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ATM", "answer_start": 275}], "question": "What's the abbreviation for synchronous transfer mode", "id": "5a10d9ce06e79900185c3420", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "SONET", "answer_start": 344}], "question": "What are the abbreviations for asynchronous optical networking", "id": "5a10d9ce06e79900185c3421", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "For customers with more demanding requirements (such as medium-to-large businesses, or other ISPs) can use higher-speed DSL (such as single-pair high-speed digital subscriber line), Ethernet, metropolitan Ethernet, gigabit Ethernet, Frame Relay, ISDN Primary Rate Interface, ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) and synchronous optical networking (SONET)."}], ["Pada tahun 1989, ISP pertama ditubuhkan di Australia dan Amerika Syarikat. Di Brookline, Massachusetts, The World menjadi ISP komersil pertama di AS. Pelanggan pertamanya dihidangkan pada November 1989. <> Di mana isp pertama ditubuhkan? || Australia dan Amerika Syarikat <> di mana isp komersial pertama di kami terletak? || Brookline, Massachusetts <> ketika adalah pelanggan komersial pertama yang berkhidmat? || November 1989 <> apabila isp komersial pertama ditubuhkan? || 1989 <> apa nama isp komersil pertama di dalam kita? || Dunia <> Di manakah ISP pertama S ditubuhkan pada tahun 1999? || <> Apa yang ditubuhkan di Boston Massachusetts? || <> Apakah nama ISP swasta yang pertama? || <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh dunia pada tahun 1999? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where were the first isps established?", "id": "56dfba8b7aa994140058e0a1", "answers": [{"text": "Australia and the United States", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "where was the first commercial isp in the us located? ", "id": "56dfba8b7aa994140058e0a2", "answers": [{"text": "Brookline, Massachusetts", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "when was the first commercial isp customer served?", "id": "56dfba8b7aa994140058e0a3", "answers": [{"text": "November 1989", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "when were the first commercial isps established?", "id": "56dfba8b7aa994140058e0a4", "answers": [{"text": "1989", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what was the name of the first commercial isp in the us?", "id": "56dfba8b7aa994140058e0a5", "answers": [{"text": "The World", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Australia and the United States", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "Where was the first ISP S established in 1999?", "id": "5a10c96506e79900185c33f3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the first commercial ISP", "answer_start": 123}], "question": "What was established in Boston Massachusetts?", "id": "5a10c96506e79900185c33f4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The World", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "What was the name of the first private ISP?", "id": "5a10c96506e79900185c33f5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Its first customer was served", "answer_start": 159}], "question": "What did the world do in 1999?", "id": "5a10c96506e79900185c33f6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989."}], ["Pembekal perkhidmatan Internet (ISP) adalah organisasi yang menyediakan perkhidmatan untuk mengakses, menggunakan, Internet. Penyedia perkhidmatan Internet boleh dianjurkan dalam pelbagai bentuk, seperti komersial, milik komuniti, bukan keuntungan, atau sebaliknya. <> Apakah ISP berdiri? || Pembekal khidmat Internet <> apa yang dilakukan oleh ISP? || menyediakan perkhidmatan untuk mengakses, menggunakan, Internet <> Apa bentuk yang boleh dianjurkan oleh ISP? || komersial, milik komuniti, bukan keuntungan, atau sebaliknya milik swasta <> Apakah inisial untuk proksi perkhidmatan Internet? || <> Pembekal perkhidmatan apa jenis yang sentiasa penyedia komersial? || <> Apa jenis organisasi yang semuanya untuk keuntungan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does ISP stand for?", "id": "56dfb9227aa994140058e079", "answers": [{"text": "Internet service provider", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what does an isp do?", "id": "56dfb9227aa994140058e07a", "answers": [{"text": "provides services for accessing, using, the Internet", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What forms can an isp be organized in?", "id": "56dfb9227aa994140058e07b", "answers": [{"text": "commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ISP", "answer_start": 30}], "question": "What are the initials for an Internet service proxy?", "id": "5a10c34906e79900185c33e1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Internet", "answer_start": 113}], "question": "What kind of service providers are always commercial providers?", "id": "5a10c34906e79900185c33e2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Internet service provider", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "What kind of organization are all for profit?", "id": "5a10c34906e79900185c33e3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned."}], ["ISP menyediakan akses Internet, menggunakan pelbagai teknologi untuk menyambungkan pengguna ke rangkaian mereka. Teknologi yang sedia ada terdiri daripada modem komputer dengan pengganding akustik ke talian telefon, ke kabel televisyen (CATV), Ethernet wayarles (wi-fi), dan optik gentian. <> Apa yang disediakan oleh ISP? || Akses internet <> bagaimana isps menyediakan akses internet? || pelbagai teknologi untuk menyambungkan pengguna ke rangkaian mereka <> apakah satu jenis teknologi yang digunakan untuk menyambung ke internet? || kabel televisyen (CATV) <> jenis teknologi yang digunakan untuk menyambung ke internet secara wayarles? || tanpa wayar Ethernet (wi-fi) <> apakah teknologi terdahulu yang digunakan untuk menyambung ke internet? || talian telefon <> Siapa yang menyediakan Internet? || <> Teknologi lama apa yang tidak dapat digunakan untuk menyambung ke Internet? || <> Teknologi apa yang digunakan untuk menyambungkan Internet melalui wayar? || <> Komputer motherboard digunakan untuk melakukan apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What do ISPs provide?", "id": "56dfbd5e231d4119001abd57", "answers": [{"text": "Internet access", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "how do isps provide internet access?", "id": "56dfbd5e231d4119001abd58", "answers": [{"text": "a range of technologies to connect users to their network", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what is one type of technology used to connect to the internet? ", "id": "56dfbd5e231d4119001abd59", "answers": [{"text": "television cable (CATV)", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what type of technology is used to connect to the internet wirelessly? ", "id": "56dfbd5e231d4119001abd5a", "answers": [{"text": "wireless Ethernet (wi-fi)", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what was an earlier technology used to connect to the internet? ", "id": "56dfbd5e231d4119001abd5b", "answers": [{"text": "telephone lines", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ISPs", "answer_start": 1}], "question": "Who provides the Internet?", "id": "5a10d81806e79900185c3411", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "telephone lines", "answer_start": 182}], "question": "What old technology was unable to be used to connect to the Internet?", "id": "5a10d81806e79900185c3412", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "wireless Ethernet (wi-fi), and fiber optics", "answer_start": 227}], "question": "What technology is used to connect the Internet through wires?", "id": "5a10d81806e79900185c3413", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "connect users to their network", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "Computer motherboards are used to do what?", "id": "5a10d81806e79900185c3414", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": " ISPs provide Internet access, employing a range of technologies to connect users to their network. Available technologies have ranged from computer modems with acoustic couplers to telephone lines, to television cable (CATV), wireless Ethernet (wi-fi), and fiber optics."}], ["Bagi pengguna dan perniagaan kecil, pilihan tradisional termasuk wayar tembaga untuk menyediakan dial-up, DSL, biasanya talian pelanggan digital asimetrik (ADSL), modem kabel atau Rangkaian Digital Perkhidmatan Bersepadu (ISDN) (biasanya antara muka kadar asas). Menggunakan optik gentian untuk pengguna akhir dipanggil Fiber To The Home atau nama-nama yang serupa. <> apakah pilihan tradisional yang tersedia untuk pengguna dan perniagaan kecil? || wayar tembaga untuk menyediakan dial-up, DSL, biasanya talian pelanggan digital asimetrik (ADSL), modem kabel atau Rangkaian Digital Perkhidmatan Bersepadu (ISDN) (biasanya antara muka kadar asas) <> apa yang dipanggil apabila gentian optik digunakan untuk pengguna akhir ? || Fiber To The Home <> yang disampaikan oleh dial-up, dsl, adsl, modem kabel, atau isdns? || pengguna dan perniagaan kecil <> Apa pilihan yang tersedia untuk perniagaan besar? || <> Apa yang menggunakan serat optik untuk penyedia yang dipanggil? || <> Apa pilihan moden yang tersedia untuk pengguna dan perniagaan kecil? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "what traditional options were available for users and small businesses? ", "id": "56dfbdc9231d4119001abd61", "answers": [{"text": "copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface)", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what is it called when fiber-optics are used for end users?", "id": "56dfbdc9231d4119001abd62", "answers": [{"text": "Fiber To The Home", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "who is served by dial-up, dsl, adsl, cable modems, or isdns?", "id": "56dfbdc9231d4119001abd63", "answers": [{"text": "users and small businesses", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "copper wires to provide dial-up", "answer_start": 60}], "question": "What options were available to large businesses?", "id": "5a10d8b706e79900185c3419", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Fiber To The Home", "answer_start": 285}], "question": "What is using fiber optics to providers called?", "id": "5a10d8b706e79900185c341a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)", "answer_start": 60}], "question": "What modern options are available to users and small businesses?", "id": "5a10d8b706e79900185c341b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "For users and small businesses, traditional options include copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface). Using fiber-optics to end users is called Fiber To The Home or similar names."}], ["Pada 26 Februari 2015, FCC memutuskan untuk memihak kepada neutraliti bersih dengan menggunakan Title II (pembawa umum) Akta Komunikasi 1934 dan Seksyen 706 dalam Akta Telekomunikasi 1996 ke Internet. Pengerusi FCC Tom Wheeler berkomentar, \"Ini bukan rancangan untuk mengawal Internet daripada Pindaan Pertama adalah rancangan untuk mengatur kebebasan bersuara. Kedua-duanya mempunyai konsep yang sama.\" <> Bilakah peraturan FCC mengenai neturality bersih? || Februari 2015 <> Bagaimana peraturan FCC mengenai netraliti bersih? || menyokong <> apa yang FCC mengamalkan untuk internet? || Tajuk II (pembawa umum) Akta Komunikasi 1934 <> apakah pindaan yang dibuat pengerusi FCC membandingkan keputusan ini? || Pindaan Pertama <> apa yang dikatakan pengerusi FCC kedua-dua internet dan pindaan pertama untuk? || ucapan bebas <> Siapa yang memutuskan terhadap berkecuali pada bulan Februari 2015? || <> Apa yang perlu ditanyakan apakah peraturan FCC terhadap? || <> Siapa yang membandingkan ketetapannya ke pindaan keempat? || <> Akta telekomunikasi tahun 1934 dan Internet dibandingkan dengan apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the FCC rule on net neturality?", "id": "56dfbc1d7aa994140058e0bd", "answers": [{"text": "February 2015", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did the FCC rule on net neutrality?", "id": "56dfbc1d7aa994140058e0be", "answers": [{"text": "in favor", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what did the FCC adopt for the internet? ", "id": "56dfbc1d7aa994140058e0bf", "answers": [{"text": "Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what amendment did the chairman of the FCC compare this ruling to? ", "id": "56dfbc1d7aa994140058e0c0", "answers": [{"text": "the First Amendment", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what did the FCC chairman say both the internet and the first amendment stand for?", "id": "56dfbc1d7aa994140058e0c1", "answers": [{"text": "free speech", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "FCC", "answer_start": 25}], "question": "Who ruled against neutrality in February 2015?", "id": "5a10d1d006e79900185c3405", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Communications Act of 1934 and Section 706 in the Telecommunications act of 1996", "answer_start": 103}], "question": "What to ask did FCC rule against?", "id": "5a10d1d006e79900185c3406", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The FCC Chairman, Tom Wheeler,", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "Who compared his ruling to the fourth amendment?", "id": "5a10d1d006e79900185c3407", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "free speech.", "answer_start": 343}], "question": "The telecommunication act of 1934 and the Internet were compared to what?", "id": "5a10d1d006e79900185c3408", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On 26 February 2015, the FCC ruled in favor of net neutrality by adopting Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 and Section 706 in the Telecommunications act of 1996 to the Internet. The FCC Chairman, Tom Wheeler, commented, \"This is no more a plan to regulate the Internet than the First Amendment is a plan to regulate free speech. They both stand for the same concept.\""}], ["Internet telah dibangunkan sebagai rangkaian antara makmal penyelidikan kerajaan dan jabatan universiti yang mengambil bahagian. Menjelang akhir 1980-an, satu proses telah dilaksanakan ke arah orang awam, penggunaan Internet secara komersil. Sekatan yang selebihnya telah dikeluarkan pada tahun 1995, 4 tahun selepas pengenalan World Wide Web. <> Mengapa internet berkembang? || rangkaian antara makmal penyelidikan kerajaan dan jabatan-jabatan universiti yang berpartisipasi <> ketika internet berkembang? || 1980-an apa yang berlaku kepada internet pada akhir 1980-an? || satu proses telah disediakan ke arah orang awam, kegunaan komersil Internet <> Bilakah sekatan yang tersisa di internet dikeluarkan? || 1995 <> berapa lama selepas pengenalan web seluruh dunia pada tahun 1995? || 4 tahun <> Apa yang telah dibangunkan sebagai cara untuk pelbagai universiti untuk berkomunikasi antara satu sama lain? || <> Proses apa yang telah ditetapkan pada awal 1980-an? || <> Bilakah Internet lebih terhad? || <> Apa yang berlaku empat tahun selepas diperkenalkannya World Wide Web? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Why was the internet developed?", "id": "56dfba2a7aa994140058e097", "answers": [{"text": "a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "when was the internet developed?", "id": "56dfba2a7aa994140058e098", "answers": [{"text": "1980s", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what happened to the internet in the late 1980s?", "id": "56dfba2a7aa994140058e099", "answers": [{"text": "a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were remaining restrictions on the internet removed?", "id": "56dfba2a7aa994140058e09a", "answers": [{"text": "1995", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "how long after the introduction of the world wide web was 1995?", "id": "56dfba2a7aa994140058e09b", "answers": [{"text": "4 years", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Internet", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What was developed as a way for various universities to communicate with each other?", "id": "5a10c72c06e79900185c33eb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet", "answer_start": 149}], "question": "What process was set up by the early 1980s?", "id": "5a10c72c06e79900185c33ec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1995", "answer_start": 265}], "question": "When was the Internet further restricted?", "id": "5a10c72c06e79900185c33ed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The remaining restrictions were removed", "answer_start": 222}], "question": "What happened four years after the introduction of the World Wide Web?", "id": "5a10c72c06e79900185c33ee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web."}], ["Pada 23 April 2014, Suruhanjaya Komunikasi Persekutuan A.S. (FCC) dilaporkan sedang menimbangkan satu peraturan baru yang akan membenarkan ISP menawarkan penyedia kandungan dengan lebih pantas untuk menghantar kandungan, sekali gus membalikkan kedudukan netraliti bersih mereka sebelum ini. Penyelesaian yang mungkin untuk kebimbangan netraliti bersih mungkin jalur lebar perbandaran, menurut Profesor Susan Crawford, pakar undang-undang dan teknologi di Harvard Law School. Pada 15 Mei 2014, FCC memutuskan untuk mempertimbangkan dua pilihan mengenai perkhidmatan Internet: pertama, membenarkan laluan jalur lebar yang pantas dan perlahan, dengan itu menjejaskan netraliti bersih; dan kedua, mengklasifikasikan jalur lebar sebagai perkhidmatan telekomunikasi, dengan itu memelihara netraliti bersih. Pada 10 November 2014, Presiden Barack Obama mengesyorkan agar FCC mengklasifikasikan semula perkhidmatan Internet jalur lebar sebagai perkhidmatan telekomunikasi untuk mengekalkan neutraliti bersih. Pada 16 Januari 2015, Republikan mempersembahkan undang-undang, dalam bentuk rang undang-undang draf perbincangan Kongres A.S., yang membuat konsesi untuk berkecuali bersih tetapi melarang FCC daripada mencapai matlamat atau membuat peraturan lain yang memberi kesan kepada penyedia perkhidmatan Internet. Pada 31 Januari 2015, AP News melaporkan bahawa FCC akan mempersembahkan tanggapan pemohon (\"dengan beberapa kaitan\") Tajuk II (pembawa umum) Akta Komunikasi 1934 ke internet dalam undi yang dijangkakan pada 26 Februari 2015. Penggunaan tanggapan ini akan mengklasifikasikan semula perkhidmatan internet dari salah satu maklumat kepada salah satu telekomunikasi dan, menurut Tom Wheeler, pengerusi FCC, memastikan netraliti bersih. FCC dijangka menguatkuasakan neutral net dalam undiannya, menurut New York Times. <> Apa yang tidak akan berkemungkinan netraliti bersih? || ISP untuk menawarkan penyedia kandungan trek yang lebih pantas untuk menghantar kandungan <> apa yang mungkin menjadi penyelesaian kepada masalah netraliti bersih? || broadband perbandaran <> bagaimana presiden obama mengesyorkan untuk mengklasifikasikan internet? || perkhidmatan telekomunikasi <> apa yang dipilih oleh fcc untuk digunakan di internet? || Tajuk II (pengangkut umum) <> apa yang akan dikelaskan sebagai internet berasaskan tajuk ii? || telekomunikasi <> Apakah pelaksanaan permit netraliti bersih? || <> Apakah netraliti bersih penyelesaiannya? || <> Apa yang dikatakan profesor sekolah undang-undang mempertimbangkan pilihan mengenai perkhidmatan Internet? || <> Apa yang ada di Demokrat pada 2015 || <> Apa yang FCC dijangka menentang dengan undiannya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What would the absence of net neutrality permit? ", "id": "56dfbb8c231d4119001abd3b", "answers": [{"text": "ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what may possibly be a solution to net neutrality concerns? ", "id": "56dfbb8c231d4119001abd3c", "answers": [{"text": "municipal broadband", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "how did president obama recommend to classify the internet? ", "id": "56dfbb8c231d4119001abd3d", "answers": [{"text": "a telecommunications service", "answer_start": 788}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what did the fcc choose to apply to the internet? ", "id": "56dfbb8c231d4119001abd3e", "answers": [{"text": "Title II (common carrier)", "answer_start": 1240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what would the internet be classified as based on title ii? ", "id": "56dfbb8c231d4119001abd3f", "answers": [{"text": "telecommunications", "answer_start": 790}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content", "answer_start": 126}], "question": "What did the implementation of net neutrality permit?", "id": "5a10d02306e79900185c33fb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "municipal broadband", "answer_start": 298}], "question": "What was net neutrality a solution to?", "id": "5a10d02306e79900185c33fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Professor Susan Crawford", "answer_start": 332}], "question": "What yell Law school professor considered to options regarding Internet service?", "id": "5a10d02306e79900185c33fd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill", "answer_start": 924}], "question": "What did the Democrats present in 2015", "id": "5a10d02306e79900185c33fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "net neutrality", "answer_start": 1577}], "question": "What is the FCC expected to oppose with its vote?", "id": "5a10d02306e79900185c33ff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying (\"with some caveats\") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times."}], ["Perkakasan, perisian dan spesifikasi rantaian, serta kepakaran kakitangan pengurusan rangkaian adalah penting dalam memastikan data mengikuti laluan yang paling berkesan, dan sambungan hulu bekerja dengan pasti. Satu tradeoff antara kos dan kecekapan mungkin. [Rujukan?] <> Adakah tradeoff antara kecekapan dan kos mungkin? || Perdagangan antara kos dan kecekapan mungkin <> Apakah jenis laluan yang mengikuti data? || laluan yang paling berkesan <> Apa perdagangan tidak boleh dilakukan? || <> Apa yang mengikuti laluan paling tidak cekap? || <> Apa kerja yang tidak boleh dipercayai? || <> Apa yang memastikan sambungan hulu tidak boleh dipercayai? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Is a tradeoff between efficiency and cost possible? ", "id": "56dfc4e0231d4119001abdd8", "answers": [{"text": "A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of route does data follow? ", "id": "56dfc4e0231d4119001abdd9", "answers": [{"text": "the most efficient route", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "between cost and efficiency", "answer_start": 225}], "question": "What trade-off is not possible?", "id": "5a10e91306e79900185c346d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "data", "answer_start": 135}], "question": "What follows most inefficient route?", "id": "5a10e91306e79900185c346e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "upstream connections", "answer_start": 178}], "question": "What works unreliably?", "id": "5a10e91306e79900185c346f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Network hardware, software and specifications", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What ensures upstream connections are not reliable?", "id": "5a10e91306e79900185c3470", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably. A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible.[citation needed]"}], ["Pembekal peti mel adalah sebuah organisasi yang menyediakan perkhidmatan untuk hosting domain mel elektronik dengan akses ke penyimpanan untuk peti mel. Ia menyediakan pelayan e-mel untuk menghantar, menerima, menerima, dan menyimpan e-mel untuk pengguna akhir atau organisasi lain. <> Apakah pembekal peti mel? || sebuah organisasi yang menyediakan perkhidmatan untuk hosting domain mel elektronik dengan akses kepada penyimpanan untuk peti mel <> Apakah organisasi yang menyediakan hosting domain mel elektronik? || Pembekal peti mel <> apakah tujuan pembekal peti mel? || Ia menyediakan pelayan e-mel untuk menghantar, menerima, menerima, dan menyimpan e-mel <> bagaimana pengguna menyimpan mel elektronik? || Pembekal peti mel <> Apakah pembekal perkhidmatan mel Internet? || <> Perkhidmatan dalam talian apa tidak menyediakan storan? || <> Siapa yang membolehkan orang menghantar tetapi tidak menerima mel di kedai? || <> Siapa yang mencipta domain lelaki? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a mailbox provider? ", "id": "56dfbedb7aa994140058e0e9", "answers": [{"text": "an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an organization that provides hosting of electronic mail domains? ", "id": "56dfbedb7aa994140058e0ea", "answers": [{"text": "A mailbox provider", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what is the purpose of a mailbox provider? ", "id": "56dfbedb7aa994140058e0eb", "answers": [{"text": "It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "how does a user store electronic mail?", "id": "56dfbedb7aa994140058e0ed", "answers": [{"text": "A mailbox provider", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "What is an Internet mail service provider?", "id": "5a10dac206e79900185c3425", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "electronic mail", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "What online service does not provide storage?", "id": "5a10dac206e79900185c3426", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mailbox provider", "answer_start": 2}], "question": "Who allows people to send but not accept in-store mail?", "id": "5a10dac206e79900185c3427", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mailbox provider", "answer_start": 2}], "question": "Who invented male domains?", "id": "5a10dac206e79900185c3428", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A mailbox provider is an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes. It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email for end users or other organizations."}], ["ISP maya (VISP) adalah operasi yang membeli perkhidmatan dari ISP lain, kadang-kadang dipanggil ISP borong dalam konteks ini, yang membolehkan pelanggan VISP mengakses Internet menggunakan perkhidmatan dan infrastruktur yang dimiliki dan dikendalikan oleh ISP borong. VISP menyerupai pengendali rangkaian maya mudah alih dan pembawa pertukaran tempatan yang kompetitif untuk komunikasi suara. <> Apakah VISP? || ISP maya <> Apa yang menyerupai VISP? || pengendali rangkaian maya mudah alih <> Apa perkhidmatan pembelian jarak jauh? || ISP borong <> Siapa yang melakukan perkhidmatan pembelian ISP? || <> Siapa yang membeli perkhidmatan ISP borong dari? || <> Apakah pengendali rangkaian maya menyerupai? || <> Bagaimana pelanggan VISP mengakses Internet? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a VISP?", "id": "56dfc2de231d4119001abdaf", "answers": [{"text": "virtual ISP", "answer_start": 2}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do VISPs resemble? ", "id": "56dfc2de231d4119001abdb1", "answers": [{"text": "mobile virtual network operators", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do visps purchase services from? ", "id": "56dfc2de231d4119001abdb2", "answers": [{"text": "a wholesale ISP", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "A virtual ISP", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who does an ISP purchase services from?", "id": "5a10e2b206e79900185c344b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "VISP", "answer_start": 15}], "question": "Who do wholesale ISP purchased services from?", "id": "5a10e2b206e79900185c344c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "VISPs", "answer_start": 260}], "question": "What do virtual network operators resemble?", "id": "5a10e2b206e79900185c344d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP", "answer_start": 185}], "question": "How do VISP's customers access the Internet?", "id": "5a10e2b206e79900185c344e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services from another ISP, sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. VISPs resemble mobile virtual network operators and competitive local exchange carriers for voice communications."}], ["Perkhidmatan hosting internet menyediakan e-mel, hosting web, atau perkhidmatan penyimpanan dalam talian. Perkhidmatan lain termasuk pelayan maya, perkhidmatan awan atau operasi pelayan fizikal. <> Apa perkhidmatan web hosting menyediakan? || e-mel, hosting web, atau perkhidmatan storan dalam talian <> Siapa yang menyediakan perkhidmatan pelayan maya? || Perkhidmatan hosting internet <> yang menyediakan perkhidmatan awan? || Perkhidmatan hosting internet <> protokol hosting internet menyediakan apa? || <> Siapa yang menyediakan pelayan fizikal kepada pelanggan || <> Siapa yang menyediakan perkhidmatan storan luar talian ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What do internet hosting services provide? ", "id": "56dfc016231d4119001abd8d", "answers": [{"text": "email, web-hosting, or online storage services", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who provides a virtual server service?", "id": "56dfc016231d4119001abd8e", "answers": [{"text": "Internet hosting services", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "who provides cloud services?", "id": "56dfc016231d4119001abd8f", "answers": [{"text": "Internet hosting services", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "email, web-hosting, or online storage services.", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "Internet hosting protocols provide what?", "id": "5a10dd9906e79900185c3435", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Internet hosting services", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who provides physical servers to customers", "id": "5a10dd9906e79900185c3436", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Internet hosting services", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who provides off-line storage services", "id": "5a10dd9906e79900185c3437", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Internet hosting services provide email, web-hosting, or online storage services. Other services include virtual server, cloud services, or physical server operation."}], ["Sama seperti pelanggan mereka membayar mereka untuk akses Internet, ISP sendiri membayar ISP hulu untuk akses Internet. ISP hulu biasanya mempunyai rangkaian yang lebih besar daripada ISP yang berkontrak atau dapat menyediakan ISP yang berkontrak dengan akses ke bahagian Internet yang ISP kontrak dengan sendirinya tidak mempunyai akses kepada. <> Siapa yang membayar ISP untuk akses internet? || ISP hulu <> Mengapa ISP perlu membayar ISP hulu? || ISP hulu biasanya mempunyai rangkaian yang lebih besar daripada ISP yang berkontrak <> Apakah ISP hulu menyediakan ISP? || akses ke bahagian Internet yang ISP kontrak sendiri tidak mempunyai akses kepada <> apa yang biasanya mempunyai rangkaian yang lebih besar, ISP pelanggan atau ISP huluan? || ISP hulu <> Apa yang ISP membayar pelanggan? || <> Apa yang biasanya mempunyai rangkaian kecil daripada ISP yang berkontrak? || <> Apa yang disediakan ISP hulu untuk pelanggan? || <> Apakah ISP yang berkontrak mempunyai akses ke ISP hulu itu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who does an ISP pay for internet access?", "id": "56dfc0ae231d4119001abd95", "answers": [{"text": "upstream ISPs", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why does an ISP need to pay an upstream ISP?", "id": "56dfc0ae231d4119001abd96", "answers": [{"text": "An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does an upstream ISP provide for an ISP?", "id": "56dfc0ae231d4119001abd97", "answers": [{"text": "access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what usually has a larger network, the ISP of the customer or the upstream ISP?", "id": "56dfc0ae231d4119001abd99", "answers": [{"text": "upstream ISPs", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Internet access", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "What do ISPs pay customers for?", "id": "5a10dee906e79900185c343b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "An upstream ISP", "answer_start": 109}], "question": "What usually has a small network than a contracting ISP?", "id": "5a10dee906e79900185c343c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Internet access", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "What does an upstream ISP provide for customers?", "id": "5a10dee906e79900185c343d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "parts of the Internet", "answer_start": 236}], "question": "What does the contracting ISP have access to that the upstream ISP does not?", "id": "5a10dee906e79900185c343e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Just as their customers pay them for Internet access, ISPs themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access. An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP or is able to provide the contracting ISP with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to."}], ["ISP percuma adalah penyedia perkhidmatan Internet yang menyediakan perkhidmatan secara percuma. Banyak ISP percuma memaparkan iklan semasa pengguna disambungkan; seperti televisyen komersial, dalam erti kata mereka menjual perhatian pengguna kepada pengiklan. ISP percuma lain, kadang kala dipanggil freenets, dijalankan secara bukan keuntungan, biasanya dengan kakitangan sukarelawan. [ISP diperlukan] <> Apakah ISP percuma? || Penyedia perkhidmatan Internet yang menyediakan perkhidmatan secara percuma <> Apa yang dipaparkan ISP percuma sebagai pertukaran untuk perkhidmatan? || iklan <> Apakah ISP percuma sama? || televisyen komersial <> Bagaimana freenets dijalankan? || atas dasar bukan untung <> Jenis ISP apa jenis pembatasan? || <> Siapa yang menerima sumbangan dan bukannya mengecaj untuk perkhidmatan? || <> Apakah jenis televisyen ISP percuma seperti? || <> Apa yang dipanggil ISP untuk keuntungan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are free ISPs?", "id": "56dfc3487aa994140058e167", "answers": [{"text": "Internet service providers that provide service free of charge", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do free ISPs display in exchange for service?", "id": "56dfc3487aa994140058e168", "answers": [{"text": "advertisements", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are free ISPs similar to? ", "id": "56dfc3487aa994140058e169", "answers": [{"text": "commercial television", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are freenets run? ", "id": "56dfc3487aa994140058e16b", "answers": [{"text": "on a nonprofit basis", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Free ISPs", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What type of ISPs are free of restrictions?", "id": "5a10e3cc06e79900185c3453", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Free ISPs", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who accepts donations instead of charging for services?", "id": "5a10e3cc06e79900185c3454", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "commercial television,", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "What kind of television are free ISPs like?", "id": "5a10e3cc06e79900185c3455", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "freenets", "answer_start": 275}], "question": "What are for-profit ISPs called?", "id": "5a10e3cc06e79900185c3456", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Free ISPs are Internet service providers that provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the user's attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, sometimes called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usually with volunteer staff.[citation needed]"}], ["ISP boleh terlibat dalam pengintipan, di mana beberapa ISP saling menghubungkan pada titik peering atau titik pertukaran Internet (IXs), membolehkan routing data antara setiap rangkaian, tanpa mengenakan satu sama lain untuk data yang dihantar data yang sebaliknya akan melalui ISP hulu ketiga, menanggung caj dari ISP hulu. <> Apa pengintipan? || pelbagai ISP sambungkan pada mata peering atau mata pertukaran Internet <> Apa yang membolehkan peering? || routing data antara setiap rangkaian, tanpa mengecas satu sama lain untuk data dihantar <> Mengapa mengintip digunakan? || data yang sebaliknya telah melalui ISP hulu ketiga, menanggung caj dari ISP hulu <> Apakah IX? || Titik pertukaran Internet <> Di manakah beberapa ISP bersambung? || mata peering atau mata pertukaran Internet <> Siapa yang tidak boleh terlibat dalam pengintipan? || <> Rangkaian yang berbeza mengenakan satu sama lain untuk apa? || <> Apa yang akan terjadi dengan data yang melalui ISP hulu ketiga? || <> Tidak ada apa yang dikenakan ISP lebih banyak wang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is peering? ", "id": "56dfc460231d4119001abdc3", "answers": [{"text": "multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does peering allow? ", "id": "56dfc460231d4119001abdc4", "answers": [{"text": "routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why is peering used? ", "id": "56dfc460231d4119001abdc5", "answers": [{"text": "data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are IXs? ", "id": "56dfc460231d4119001abdc6", "answers": [{"text": "Internet exchange points", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do multiple ISPs connect? ", "id": "56dfc460231d4119001abdc7", "answers": [{"text": "peering points or Internet exchange points", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ISPs", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who may not engage in peering?", "id": "5a10e82f06e79900185c3465", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "data transmitted", "answer_start": 198}], "question": "Different networks charge each other for what?", "id": "5a10e82f06e79900185c3466", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "charges from the upstream ISP.", "answer_start": 293}], "question": "What would've been incurred by data passing through a third upstream ISP?", "id": "5a10e82f06e79900185c3467", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "peering points", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "Nothing to what costs ISPs more money?", "id": "5a10e82f06e79900185c3468", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted\u2014data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP."}], ["Dalam kes yang paling mudah, sambungan tunggal ditubuhkan kepada ISP hulu dan digunakan untuk menghantar data ke atau dari kawasan Internet di luar rangkaian rumah; mod perhubungan ini sering dilaraskan beberapa kali sehingga mencapai pembawa tier 1. Pada hakikatnya, keadaan itu sering lebih kompleks. ISP dengan lebih dari satu titik kehadiran (PoP) mungkin mempunyai sambungan berasingan ke ISP hulu pada pelbagai PoP, atau mereka mungkin pelanggan pelbagai ISP hulu dan mungkin mempunyai sambungan ke setiap satu daripada mereka pada satu atau lebih titik kehadiran. ISP Transit menyediakan lebar jalur lebar yang besar untuk menghubungkan hosting ISP dan akses ISP. <> Apakah kes paling mudah ISP menggunakan ISP hulu? || menghantar data ke atau dari kawasan Internet di luar rangkaian rumah <> apa yang disediakan oleh ISP transit? || jumlah jalur lebar yang besar untuk menyambungkan hosting ISP dan akses ISP <> Cara interconnection sering dikalir beberapa kali sehingga mencapai apa? || pembawa tier 1 <> Apa itu PoP? || titik kehadiran <> Apa yang menyediakan jalur lebar untuk menyambung hosting ISP dan akses ISP? || ISP Transit <> Siapa menyediakan jumlah jalur lebar yang minimum untuk menyambungkan ISP? || <> Apa gunanya protokol disingkat sebagai? || <> Apa yang mempunyai sambungan yang sama dengan ISP hulu? || <> Apa yang menghantar Internet ke dalam rumah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the simplest case of an ISP using an upstream ISP? ", "id": "56dfc22f7aa994140058e13f", "answers": [{"text": "transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what do transit ISPs provide? ", "id": "56dfc22f7aa994140058e140", "answers": [{"text": "large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs and access ISPs", "answer_start": 573}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching what?", "id": "56dfc22f7aa994140058e141", "answers": [{"text": "a tier 1 carrier", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a PoP?", "id": "56dfc22f7aa994140058e142", "answers": [{"text": "point of presence", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What provides bandwidth for the connecting of hosting ISPs and access ISPs?", "id": "56dfc22f7aa994140058e143", "answers": [{"text": "Transit ISPs", "answer_start": 552}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Transit ISPs", "answer_start": 552}], "question": "Who provides minimal amounts of bandwidth for connecting ISPs?", "id": "5a10e0bf06e79900185c3443", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "PoP", "answer_start": 350}], "question": "What is a point of protocol abbreviated as?", "id": "5a10e0bf06e79900185c3444", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ISPs with more than one point of presence", "answer_start": 307}], "question": "What has the same connection to an upstream ISP?", "id": "5a10e0bf06e79900185c3445", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "upstream ISP", "answer_start": 63}], "question": "What transmits Internet within the home?", "id": "5a10e0bf06e79900185c3446", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with more than one point of presence (PoP) may have separate connections to an upstream ISP at multiple PoPs, or they may be customers of multiple upstream ISPs and may have connections to each one of them at one or more point of presence. Transit ISPs provide large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs and access ISPs."}], ["Pembekal khidmat Internet tanpa wayar (WISP) adalah pembekal khidmat Internet dengan rangkaian berdasarkan rangkaian tanpa wayar. Teknologi boleh merangkumi rangkaian wayarles wayarles Wi-Fi biasa atau peralatan proprietari yang direka untuk beroperasi lebih dari 900 GHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, dan 5.8 GHz terbuka atau frekuensi berlesen seperti 2.5 GHz (EBS / BRS) 3.65 GHz (NN) dan dalam jalur UHF (termasuk band frekuensi MMDS) dan LMDS. [Rujukan?] <> Apa itu WISP? || penyedia khidmat Internet tanpa wayar <> Teknologi apa yang menjadi sebahagian daripada WISP? || rangkaian wayarles tanpa wayar Wi-Fi biasa, atau peralatan proprietari <> Apakah beberapa kumpulan yang Wi-Fi boleh beroperasi? || Band 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, dan 5.8 GHz <> Apakah rangkaian penyedia perkhidmatan tanpa wayar internet berdasarkan? || rangkaian tanpa wayar <> Apakah pembekal khidmat Internet berwayar? || <> Rangkaian apa sahaja yang tidak biasa digunakan untuk WISPs || <> Apa yang mengendalikan frekuensi tanpa izin? || <> Apa yang direka untuk beroperasi di bawah buka 900 MHz || <> W ISP tidak beroperasi dalam band apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a WISP? ", "id": "56dfc3c77aa994140058e171", "answers": [{"text": "wireless Internet service provider", "answer_start": 2}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What technology is part of a WISP?", "id": "56dfc3c77aa994140058e172", "answers": [{"text": "commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some bands that Wi-Fi can operate over? ", "id": "56dfc3c77aa994140058e173", "answers": [{"text": "900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a wireless internet service provider's network based on?", "id": "56dfc3c77aa994140058e174", "answers": [{"text": "wireless networking", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "What is a wired Internet service provider?", "id": "5a10e4ae06e79900185c345b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking", "answer_start": 156}], "question": "What kind of uncommon networking is used for WISPs", "id": "5a10e4ae06e79900185c345c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "WISP", "answer_start": 38}], "question": "What operates unlicensed frequencies?", "id": "5a10e4ae06e79900185c345d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "proprietary equipment", "answer_start": 191}], "question": "What is designed to operate under open 900 MHz", "id": "5a10e4ae06e79900185c345e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "UHF band", "answer_start": 375}], "question": "W ISP do not operate in what band?", "id": "5a10e4ae06e79900185c345f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequencies such as 2.5 GHz (EBS/BRS), 3.65 GHz (NN) and in the UHF band (including the MMDS frequency band) and LMDS.[citation needed]"}], ["Pembekal peti mel banyak juga penyedia akses, sementara yang lain tidak (mis., Yahoo! Mail, Outlook.com, Gmail, AOL Mail, kotak Po). Takrif yang diberikan dalam RFC 6650 merangkumi perkhidmatan hosting e-mel, serta jabatan-jabatan syarikat, universiti, organisasi, kumpulan, dan individu yang berkaitan yang menguruskan pelayan mel mereka sendiri. Tugas tersebut biasanya dilakukan dengan melaksanakan Protokol Pemindahan Suara Mudah (SMTP) dan kemungkinan menyediakan akses ke mesej melalui Protokol Akses Pesan Internet (IMAP), Protokol Pos Pejabat, Webmail, atau protokol proprietari. <> Apakah SMTP? || Protokol Pemindahan Mel Mudah <> Apakah IMAP? || Protokol Akses Mesej Internet <> Bagaimana akses kepada mel yang disediakan? || melaksanakan Protokol Pemindahan Suara Mudah (SMTP) dan mungkin memberikan akses kepada mesej melalui Protokol Akses Mesej Internet (IMAP), Protokol Pos Pejabat, Webmail, atau protokol proprietari. <> apa yang paling penyedia peti mel juga? || penyedia akses <> yang mungkin mengawal pelayan mel mereka sendiri? || syarikat, universiti, organisasi, kumpulan, dan individu <> Semua pembekal peti mel juga apa? || <> Apakah contoh penyedia akses? || <> Apa yang digunakan oleh organisasi yang bergantung pada orang lain untuk menyediakan perkhidmatan mel? || <> Bagaimana lelaki tradisional disediakan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is SMTP?", "id": "56dfbf91231d4119001abd83", "answers": [{"text": "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is IMAP?", "id": "56dfbf91231d4119001abd84", "answers": [{"text": "Internet Message Access Protocol", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is access to mail provided? ", "id": "56dfbf91231d4119001abd85", "answers": [{"text": "implementing Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and possibly providing access to messages through Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), the Post Office Protocol, Webmail, or a proprietary protocol.", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what are most mailbox providers as well? ", "id": "56dfbf91231d4119001abd86", "answers": [{"text": "access providers", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "who possibly controls their own mail servers? ", "id": "56dfbf91231d4119001abd87", "answers": [{"text": "companies, universities, organizations, groups, and individuals", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "also access providers,", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "All mailbox providers were also what?", "id": "5a10dce006e79900185c342d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Yahoo! Mail, Outlook.com, Gmail, AOL Mail, Po box", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "What are examples of access providers?", "id": "5a10dce006e79900185c342e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", "answer_start": 390}], "question": "What is used by organizations that depend on others to provide mail services?", "id": "5a10dce006e79900185c342f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Post Office Protocol", "answer_start": 518}], "question": "How is traditional male provided?", "id": "5a10dce006e79900185c3430", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Many mailbox providers are also access providers, while others are not (e.g., Yahoo! Mail, Outlook.com, Gmail, AOL Mail, Po box). The definition given in RFC 6650 covers email hosting services, as well as the relevant department of companies, universities, organizations, groups, and individuals that manage their mail servers themselves. The task is typically accomplished by implementing Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and possibly providing access to messages through Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), the Post Office Protocol, Webmail, or a proprietary protocol."}], ["Pembekal perkhidmatan Internet di banyak negara dikehendaki secara sah (mis., Melalui Bantuan Komunikasi untuk Akta Penguatkuasaan Undang-undang (CALEA) di A.S.) untuk membenarkan agensi penguatkuasa undang-undang memantau sesetengah atau semua maklumat yang dihantar oleh ISP. Tambahan pula, di beberapa negara ISP tertakluk kepada pemantauan oleh agensi-agensi perisikan. Di A.S., sebuah program Agensi Keselamatan Negara kontroversial yang dikenali sebagai PRISM menyediakan pemantauan luas trafik pengguna Internet dan telah menimbulkan kebimbangan mengenai potensi pelanggaran perlindungan privasi dalam Keempat Pindaan kepada Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat. ISP moden mengintegrasikan pelbagai pengawasan dan peralatan mengangkut paket ke dalam rangkaian mereka, yang kemudian memberi data kepada rangkaian penguatkuasaan undang-undang / risikan (seperti DCSNet di Amerika Syarikat, atau SORM di Rusia) yang membolehkan pemantauan trafik Internet dalam masa nyata . <> Apakah ISP tertakluk kepada pemantauan di beberapa negara? || agensi perisikan <> Apa yang kontroversial N.S.A. program yang digunakan di A.S.? || PRISM <> Apa PRISM lakukan? || menyediakan pemantauan luas trafik pengguna Internet <> Apa yang disatukan ISP ke dalam rangkaian mereka untuk memberikan maklumat kepada agensi risikan? || pelbagai pengawasan dan peralatan menghidu paket <> Apa yang dilakukan DCSnet di Amerika Syarikat dan SORM di Rusia? || membolehkan pemantauan trafik Internet dalam masa nyata <> Apakah ISP tidak diperlukan secara sah? || <> Apa PRISM ini menghentikan agensi keselamatan negara untuk dilakukan? || <> Yang objek ke PRISM || <> Apa yang ISP dihapus dari rangkaian mereka untuk menghalang agensi perisikan? || <> Apa yang dikatakan ramai yang melanggar Amaran Pertama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are ISPs subject to monitoring by in some countries? ", "id": "56dfc592231d4119001abddd", "answers": [{"text": "intelligence agencies", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the controversial N.S.A. program used in the U.S.?", "id": "56dfc592231d4119001abdde", "answers": [{"text": "PRISM", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does PRISM do? ", "id": "56dfc592231d4119001abddf", "answers": [{"text": "provides for broad monitoring of Internet users traffic", "answer_start": 413}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do ISPs integrate into their network to provide information to intelligence agencies? ", "id": "56dfc592231d4119001abde0", "answers": [{"text": "a wide array of surveillance and packet sniffing equipment", "answer_start": 627}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do DCSnet in the US and SORM in Russia do? ", "id": "56dfc592231d4119001abde1", "answers": [{"text": "allowing monitoring of Internet traffic in real time", "answer_start": 831}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP", "answer_start": 151}], "question": "What are ISPs not legally required to do?", "id": "5a10eb6d06e79900185c3475", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "broad monitoring of Internet users traffic", "answer_start": 426}], "question": "What this PRISM stopped the national security agency for doing?", "id": "5a10eb6d06e79900185c3476", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "National Security Agency", "answer_start": 365}], "question": "Who objects to PRISM", "id": "5a10eb6d06e79900185c3477", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a wide array of surveillance and packet sniffing equipment", "answer_start": 627}], "question": "What do ISPs remove from their networks to discourage intelligence agencies?", "id": "5a10eb6d06e79900185c3478", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "broad monitoring of Internet users traffic", "answer_start": 426}], "question": "What do many people say violates the First Amendment?", "id": "5a10eb6d06e79900185c3479", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelligence agencies. In the U.S., a controversial National Security Agency program known as PRISM provides for broad monitoring of Internet users traffic and has raised concerns about potential violation of the privacy protections in the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Modern ISPs integrate a wide array of surveillance and packet sniffing equipment into their networks, which then feeds the data to law-enforcement/intelligence networks (such as DCSNet in the United States, or SORM in Russia) allowing monitoring of Internet traffic in real time."}]], [["Komik Amerika maju dari majalah seperti Puck, Judge, and Life. Kejayaan suplemen humor bergambar di New York World dan kemudian New York American, terutama Outcault's The Yellow Kid, membawa kepada perkembangan jalur komik akhbar. Jalur awal Ahad adalah halaman penuh dan sering berwarna. Antara 1896 dan 1901 kartunis bereksperimen dengan pergerakan, pergerakan, dan belon ucapan. <> Yang manakah makanan tambahan komik berjaya? || New York World <> Strip mana yang mempunyai kejayaan yang baik sebagai jalur komik? || Outcault's The Yellow Kid <> Yang outlet gagal komik suplemen? || <> Alasan mana yang membuat suplemen berita berjaya? || <> Yang outlet tidak komik suplemen mencari kejayaan? || <> Strip mana yang tidak berjaya sebagai jalur komik? || <> Strip mana yang mempunyai kejayaan yang baik sebagai artikel berita? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which outlet did comic supplements find success in?", "id": "56e02060231d4119001abf3e", "answers": [{"text": "New York World", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which strip had a good deal of success as a comic strip?", "id": "56e02060231d4119001abf3f", "answers": [{"text": "Outcault's The Yellow Kid", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "New York World", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "Which outlet did comic supplements fail in?", "id": "5acf7cec77cf76001a684f4a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "New York World", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "Which outlet did news supplements find success in?", "id": "5acf7cec77cf76001a684f4b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "New York World", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "Which outlet didn't comic supplements find success in?", "id": "5acf7cec77cf76001a684f4c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Outcault's The Yellow Kid", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "Which strip had no success as a comic strip?", "id": "5acf7cec77cf76001a684f4d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Outcault's The Yellow Kid", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "Which strip had a good deal of success as a news article?", "id": "5acf7cec77cf76001a684f4e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "American comics developed out of such magazines as Puck, Judge, and Life. The success of illustrated humour supplements in the New York World and later the New York American, particularly Outcault's The Yellow Kid, led to the development of newspaper comic strips. Early Sunday strips were full-page and often in colour. Between 1896 and 1901 cartoonists experimented with sequentiality, movement, and speech balloons."}], ["Berkala humor yang digambarkan popular pada abad ke-19 Britain, yang paling awal adalah The Glasgow Looking Glass yang berpanjangan pada 1825. Yang paling popular adalah Punch, yang mempopulerkan kartun istilah untuk karikatur lucu. Kadang-kadang kartun dalam majalah-majalah ini muncul dalam urutan; watak Ally Sloper dipaparkan dalam jalur komik bersiri terawal ketika watak itu mula dimuatkan dalam majalah mingguannya sendiri pada tahun 1884. <> Apakah yang pertama diterangkan humor berkala di Britain pada abad ke-19? || The Glasgow Looking Glass <> Kapan The Glasgow Looking Glass bermula? || 1825 <> Di Britain, apa yang paling disukai bergaris humor berkala? || Punch <> Yang watak komik mana yang pertama muncul dalam majalah mingguan? || Ally Sloper <> Bilakah Ally Sloper muncul dahulu? || 1884 <> Apakah yang terakhir diterangkan humor berkala di Britain pada abad ke-19? || <> Kapan The Glasgow Looking Glass berakhir? || <> Di Britain, apa yang paling suka suka humor bergambar berkala? || <> Yang watak komik mana yang terakhir muncul dalam majalah mingguan? || <> Bilakah Ally Sloper terakhir muncul? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the first illustrated humor periodical in Britain during the 19th century?", "id": "56e01d2f231d4119001abf33", "answers": [{"text": "The Glasgow Looking Glass", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did The Glasgow Looking Glass begin?", "id": "56e01d2f231d4119001abf34", "answers": [{"text": "1825", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Britain, what was the most liked illustrated humor periodical?", "id": "56e01d2f231d4119001abf35", "answers": [{"text": "Punch", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which comic character was the first to appear in a weekly magazine?", "id": "56e01d2f231d4119001abf36", "answers": [{"text": "Ally Sloper", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Ally Sloper first appear?", "id": "56e01d2f231d4119001abf37", "answers": [{"text": "1884", "answer_start": 446}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Glasgow Looking Glass", "answer_start": 111}], "question": "What was the last illustrated humor periodical in Britain during the 19th century?", "id": "5acf6e3a77cf76001a684e20", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1825", "answer_start": 140}], "question": "When did The Glasgow Looking Glass end?", "id": "5acf6e3a77cf76001a684e21", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Punch", "answer_start": 167}], "question": "In Britain, what was the least liked illustrated humor periodical?", "id": "5acf6e3a77cf76001a684e22", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ally Sloper", "answer_start": 320}], "question": "Which comic character was the last to appear in a weekly magazine?", "id": "5acf6e3a77cf76001a684e23", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1884", "answer_start": 446}], "question": "When did Ally Sloper last appear?", "id": "5acf6e3a77cf76001a684e24", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Illustrated humour periodicals were popular in 19th-century Britain, the earliest of which was the short-lived The Glasgow Looking Glass in 1825. The most popular was Punch, which popularized the term cartoon for its humorous caricatures. On occasion the cartoons in these magazines appeared in sequences; the character Ally Sloper featured in the earliest serialized comic strip when the character began to feature in its own weekly magazine in 1884."}], ["Dari tahun 1980-an, kepekaan arus perdana telah dipertimbangkan semula dan siri menjadi kurang biasa kerana jumlah majalah komik menurun dan banyak komik mula diterbitkan secara langsung sebagai album. Penerbit yang lebih kecil seperti L'Association yang menerbitkan karya-karya yang lebih lama dalam format bukan tradisional oleh pencipta auteur-istic juga menjadi biasa. Sejak tahun 1990-an, penggabungan mengakibatkan lebih sedikit penerbit yang besar, sementara penerbit yang lebih kecil berkembang. Penjualan secara keseluruhan terus berkembang meskipun arah aliran ke pasaran cetak menyusut. <> Serialisasi komik menjadi kurang popular ketika? || 1980-an <> Bagaimana komik yang diterbitkan ketika bersiri menjadi kurang biasa? || sebagai album <> Penerbit kecil mana yang diterbitkan dalam format yang tidak tradisional? || L'Association <> Komik terus berkembang tanpa menghiraukan penurunan pasaran apa? || pasaran cetak <> Serialisasi komik menjadi lebih popular ketika? || <> Serialisasi akhbar menjadi kurang popular ketika? || <> Bagaimana komik yang diterbitkan apabila bersiri menjadi lebih biasa? || <> Penerbit utama mana yang diterbitkan dalam format yang tidak tradisional? || <> Komik terus merosot tanpa menghiraukan pasaran apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Serialization of comics became less popular when?", "id": "56e02a437aa994140058e2dd", "answers": [{"text": "1980s", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How were comics published when serialization became less common?", "id": "56e02a437aa994140058e2de", "answers": [{"text": "as albums", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which small publisher published in formats that were not traditional?", "id": "56e02a437aa994140058e2df", "answers": [{"text": "L'Association", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Comics continue to thrive regardless of the decrease in what market?", "id": "56e02a437aa994140058e2e1", "answers": [{"text": "print market", "answer_start": 507}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1980s", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "Serialization of comics became more popular when?", "id": "5acf875d77cf76001a685102", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1980s", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "Serialization of newspapers became less popular when?", "id": "5acf875d77cf76001a685103", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "albums", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "How were comics published when serialization became more common?", "id": "5acf875d77cf76001a685104", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "L'Association", "answer_start": 223}], "question": "Which major publisher published in formats that were not traditional?", "id": "5acf875d77cf76001a685105", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "print market", "answer_start": 507}], "question": "Comics continue to decline regardless of the decrease in what market?", "id": "5acf875d77cf76001a685106", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "From the 1980s, mainstream sensibilities were reasserted and serialization became less common as the number of comics magazines decreased and many comics began to be published directly as albums. Smaller publishers such as L'Association that published longer works in non-traditional formats by auteur-istic creators also became common. Since the 1990s, mergers resulted in fewer large publishers, while smaller publishers proliferated. Sales overall continued to grow despite the trend towards a shrinking print market."}], ["Jalur harian yang lebih pendek, hitam dan putih mula muncul pada awal abad ke-20, dan menjadi mantap dalam akhbar selepas kejayaan pada tahun 1907 oleh Bud Fisher's Mutt dan Jeff. Strip humor didominasi pada mulanya, dan pada tahun 1920an dan 1930an jalur dengan cerita yang berterusan dalam genre seperti pengembaraan dan drama juga menjadi popular. Buku-buku nipis yang dipanggil buku-buku komik muncul pada tahun 1930-an, pada mulanya mencetak semula komik akhbar akhbar; menjelang akhir dekad, kandungan asal mula menguasai. Kejayaan pada 1938 Komik Tindakan dan wira utama Superman menandakan permulaan Zaman Emas Buku Komik, di mana genre superhero itu menonjol. <> Apa comic strip yang Bud Fisher berjaya dengan? || Mutt dan Jeff <> Bilakah Mutt dan Jeff muncul? || 1907 <> Bilakah buku-buku komik membuat penampilan? || 1930-an <> Buku komik mana yang berjaya dengan superhero pertamanya pada tahun 1938? || Komik Tindakan <> Apa komik strip yang dilakukan Bud Fisher gagal? || <> Apakah ruangan berita Bud Fisher berjaya? || <> Bilakah Mutt dan Jeff berakhir? || <> Bilakah buku berita membuat penampilan? || <> Buku komik mana gagal dengan superhero pertamanya pada tahun 1938? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What comic strip did Bud Fisher have success with?", "id": "56e020e2231d4119001abf47", "answers": [{"text": "Mutt and Jeff", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Mutt and Jeff appear?", "id": "56e020e2231d4119001abf49", "answers": [{"text": "1907", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did comic books make an appearance?", "id": "56e020e2231d4119001abf4a", "answers": [{"text": "1930s", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which comic book had success with its first superhero in 1938?", "id": "56e020e2231d4119001abf4b", "answers": [{"text": "Action Comics", "answer_start": 517}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mutt and Jeff", "answer_start": 160}], "question": "What comic strip did Bud Fisher fail with?", "id": "5acf7d5e77cf76001a684f66", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mutt and Jeff", "answer_start": 160}], "question": "What news column did Bud Fisher have success with?", "id": "5acf7d5e77cf76001a684f67", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1907", "answer_start": 139}], "question": "When did Mutt and Jeff end?", "id": "5acf7d5e77cf76001a684f68", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1930s", "answer_start": 233}], "question": "When did news books make an appearance?", "id": "5acf7d5e77cf76001a684f69", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Action Comics", "answer_start": 517}], "question": "Which comic book failed with its first superhero in 1938?", "id": "5acf7d5e77cf76001a684f6a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century, and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fisher's Mutt and Jeff. Humour strips predominated at first, and in the 1920s and 1930s strips with continuing stories in genres such as adventure and drama also became popular. Thin periodicals called comic books appeared in the 1930s, at first reprinting newspaper comic strips; by the end of the decade, original content began to dominate. The success in 1938 of Action Comics and its lead hero Superman marked the beginning of the Golden Age of Comic Books, in which the superhero genre was prominent."}], ["Di luar genealogi ini, para ahli teori dan ahli sejarah komik telah melihat duluan bagi komik dalam lukisan gua Lascaux di Perancis (beberapa di antaranya kelihatan sebagai urutan kronologi gambar), hieroglif Mesir, Tiang Trajan di Rom, Norman Bayeux Tapestry abad ke-11, 1370 bois Protat kayu, abad ke-15 Ars moriendi dan buku-buku blok, Judul terakhir Michelangelo di Kapel Sistina, dan ukiran berurutan abad ke-17 William Hogarth, antara lain. [b] <> Di Perancis, apa yang ditemui oleh ahli sejarah mereka menganggap sebagai preseden untuk komik? || Lukisan gua Lascaux <> Apa karya Michelangelo yang dianggap ahli sejarah dianggap sebagai preseden untuk komik? || Penghakiman Terakhir di Sistine Chapel <> Di Mesir, ahli sejarah menganggap apa yang menjadi contoh komik? || hieroglyphs <> Di Rom, apa yang dikatakan para ahli sejarah sebagai preseden untuk komik? || Trajan's Column <> Di Perancis, apa ahli sejarah mendapati bahawa mereka menganggap tidak relevan untuk komik? || <> Apakah karya Michelangelo yang dilakukan oleh ahli sejarah dianggap tidak relevan untuk komik? || <> Apa karya Donatello yang ahli sejarah dianggap sebagai preseden untuk komik? || <> Di Mesir, ahli sejarah menganggap apa yang tidak relevan untuk komik? || <> Di Rom, apa yang dikatakan para saintis sebagai preseden untuk komik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In France, what did historians find that they consider a precedent for comics?", "id": "56e01bf5231d4119001abf29", "answers": [{"text": "Lascaux cave paintings", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Michelangelo work do historians consider to be a precedent for comics?", "id": "56e01bf5231d4119001abf2a", "answers": [{"text": "The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Egypt, historians consider what to be a precedent for comics?", "id": "56e01bf5231d4119001abf2b", "answers": [{"text": "hieroglyphs", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Rome, what do historians consider to be a precedent for comics?", "id": "56e01bf5231d4119001abf2c", "answers": [{"text": "Trajan's Column", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lascaux cave paintings", "answer_start": 101}], "question": "In France, what did historians find that they consider a irrelevant for comics?", "id": "5acf6dbd77cf76001a684e0c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel", "answer_start": 378}], "question": "What Michelangelo work do historians consider to be irrelevant for comics?", "id": "5acf6dbd77cf76001a684e0d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel", "answer_start": 378}], "question": "What Donatello work do historians consider to be a precedent for comics?", "id": "5acf6dbd77cf76001a684e0e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hieroglyphs", "answer_start": 207}], "question": "In Egypt, historians consider what to be irrelevant for comics?", "id": "5acf6dbd77cf76001a684e0f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Trajan's Column", "answer_start": 220}], "question": "In Rome, what do scientists consider to be a precedent for comics?", "id": "5acf6dbd77cf76001a684e10", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Outside of these genealogies, comics theorists and historians have seen precedents for comics in the Lascaux cave paintings in France (some of which appear to be chronological sequences of images), Egyptian hieroglyphs, Trajan's Column in Rome, the 11th-century Norman Bayeux Tapestry, the 1370 bois Protat woodcut, the 15th-century Ars moriendi and block books, Michelangelo's The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel, and William Hogarth's 17th-century sequential engravings, amongst others.[b]"}], ["Populariti buku komik superhero merosot berikutan Perang Dunia II, sementara jualan buku komik terus meningkat apabila genre-genre lain berkembang seperti cinta, barat, jenayah, seram, dan humor. Berikutan puncak penjualan pada awal 1950-an, kandungan buku-buku komik (terutamanya jenayah dan seram) tertakluk kepada pengawasan dari kumpulan induk dan agensi-agensi kerajaan, yang berakhir dengan perbicaraan Senat yang membawa kepada penubuhan Badan Kawalan Automatik Kod Komik . Kod ini telah dipersalahkan untuk menangkis pertumbuhan komik Amerika dan mengekalkan statusnya yang rendah dalam masyarakat Amerika untuk kebanyakan baki abad ini. Superheroes menubuhkan semula genre buku komik yang paling menonjol pada awal 1960-an. Comix bawah tanah mencabar Kod dan pembaca dengan kandungan orang dewasa, kontroversi pada akhir 1960-an dan awal 1970-an. Underground ini melahirkan pergerakan komik alternatif pada tahun 1980-an dan kandungannya yang eksperimental yang matang dalam genre non-superhero. <> Antara genre buku komik yang mempunyai kepentingan orang tua? || jenayah dan kengerian <> Kumpulan mana yang dicipta selepas pendengaran Senat mengenai kandungan buku komik? || Komik Code Authority <> Bilakah wira super menjadi popular sekali lagi dalam buku-buku komik? || 1960-an <> Bilakah pergerakan komik alternatif bermula? || 1980-an <> Genre buku komik mana yang mempunyai anak? || <> Antara genre buku komik yang mempunyai minat ibu bapa? || <> Kumpulan mana yang dibubarkan selepas pendengaran Senat mengenai kandungan buku komik? || <> Bilakah wira super kehilangan populariti lagi dalam buku-buku komik? || <> Bilakah pergerakan komik alternatif berakhir? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which genre of comic books had parents concerned?", "id": "56e02191231d4119001abf52", "answers": [{"text": "crime and horror", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which group was created after a Senate hearing on comic books content?", "id": "56e02191231d4119001abf53", "answers": [{"text": "Comics Code Authority", "answer_start": 447}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did super heroes become popular again in comic books?", "id": "56e02191231d4119001abf54", "answers": [{"text": "1960s", "answer_start": 741}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the alternative comics movement begin?", "id": "56e02191231d4119001abf55", "answers": [{"text": "1980s", "answer_start": 938}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "crime and horror", "answer_start": 286}], "question": "Which genre of comic books had children concerned?", "id": "5acf7f8777cf76001a684fc0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "crime and horror", "answer_start": 286}], "question": "Which genre of comic books had parents excited?", "id": "5acf7f8777cf76001a684fc1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Comics Code Authority", "answer_start": 447}], "question": "Which group was disbanded after a Senate hearing on comic books content?", "id": "5acf7f8777cf76001a684fc2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1960s", "answer_start": 741}], "question": "When did super heroes lose popularity again in comic books?", "id": "5acf7f8777cf76001a684fc3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1980s", "answer_start": 938}], "question": "When did the alternative comics movement end?", "id": "5acf7f8777cf76001a684fc4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The popularity of superhero comic books declined following World War II, while comic book sales continued to increase as other genres proliferated, such as romance, westerns, crime, horror, and humour. Following a sales peak in the early 1950s, the content of comic books (particularly crime and horror) was subjected to scrutiny from parent groups and government agencies, which culminated in Senate hearings that led to the establishment of the Comics Code Authority self-censoring body. The Code has been blamed for stunting the growth of American comics and maintaining its low status in American society for much of the remainder of the century. Superheroes re-established themselves as the most prominent comic book genre by the early 1960s. Underground comix challenged the Code and readers with adult, countercultural content in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The underground gave birth to the alternative comics movement in the 1980s and its mature, often experimental content in non-superhero genres."}], ["Komik istilah Inggeris digunakan sebagai kata nama tunggal apabila merujuk kepada medium dan jamak apabila merujuk kepada contoh tertentu, seperti jalur individu atau buku komik. Walaupun istilah itu berasal dari kerja lucu (atau komik) yang didominasi dalam komik akhbar awal Amerika, ia menjadi standard juga untuk kerja-kerja yang tidak lucu. Adalah umum dalam bahasa Inggeris untuk merujuk kepada komik-komik budaya yang berbeza dengan istilah-istilah yang digunakan dalam bahasa asalnya, seperti manga untuk komik Jepun, atau pelukis untuk komik bahasa Perancis. Tiada konsensus di kalangan ahli teori dan ahli sejarah tentang definisi komik; ada yang menekankan gabungan imej dan teks, beberapa jujukan atau hubungan imej lain, dan aspek-aspek sejarah lain seperti pembiakan jisim atau penggunaan aksara berulang. Peningkatan penyebaran konsep yang berbeza dari budaya dan era komik yang berbeza telah membuat definisi lebih sukar. <> Komik Perancis juga dikenali sebagai apa? || bandes dessin\u00e9es <> Bilakah istilah komik dianggap tunggal dan bukan jamak? || apabila ia merujuk kepada medium <> Aspek sejarah pengikatan boleh digunakan untuk reproduksi massa atau apa? || aksara berulang <> Sesetengah pakar percaya komik adalah gabungan dari apa dua perkara? || imej dan teks <> Apakah komik Jepun dipanggil? || manga <> Komik Perancis tidak dikenali sebagai apa? || <> Kapan komik istilah dianggap berbilang daripada jamak? || <> Aspek kartun yang tidak bersejarah boleh digunakan untuk reproduksi massa atau apa? || <> Tidak ada pakar percaya komik adalah gabungan dari dua perkara? || <> Apakah komik Jepun tidak pernah dipanggil? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "French comics are also known as what?", "id": "56e014a37aa994140058e2c3", "answers": [{"text": "bandes dessin\u00e9es", "answer_start": 499}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When is the term comics considered singular rather than plural?", "id": "56e014a37aa994140058e2c4", "answers": [{"text": "when it refers to the medium", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The historical aspect of cartooning can be applied to mass reproduction or what?", "id": "56e014a37aa994140058e2c5", "answers": [{"text": "recurring characters", "answer_start": 792}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some experts believe comics is a combination of what two things?", "id": "56e014a37aa994140058e2c6", "answers": [{"text": "images and text", "answer_start": 660}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are Japanese comics called?", "id": "56e014a37aa994140058e2c7", "answers": [{"text": "manga", "answer_start": 469}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "bandes dessin\u00e9es", "answer_start": 499}], "question": "French comics are not known as what?", "id": "5acf6cc177cf76001a684dee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "when it refers to the medium", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "When is the term comics considered multiple rather than plural?", "id": "5acf6cc177cf76001a684def", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "recurring characters", "answer_start": 792}], "question": "The non-historical aspect of cartooning can be applied to mass reproduction or what?", "id": "5acf6cc177cf76001a684df0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "images and text", "answer_start": 660}], "question": "No experts believe comics is a combination of what two things?", "id": "5acf6cc177cf76001a684df1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "manga", "answer_start": 469}], "question": "What are Japanese comics never called?", "id": "5acf6cc177cf76001a684df2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also for non-humorous works. It is common in English to refer to the comics of different cultures by the terms used in their original languages, such as manga for Japanese comics, or bandes dessin\u00e9es for French-language comics. There is no consensus amongst theorists and historians on a definition of comics; some emphasize the combination of images and text, some sequentiality or other image relations, and others historical aspects such as mass reproduction or the use of recurring characters. The increasing cross-pollination of concepts from different comics cultures and eras has further made definition difficult."}], ["Komik adalah medium yang digunakan untuk menyatakan idea dengan imej, sering digabungkan dengan teks atau maklumat visual lain. Komik sering mengambil bentuk juxtaposed panel gambar. Selalunya peranti tekstual seperti belon ucapan, kapsyen, dan onomatopoeia menunjukkan dialog, narasi, kesan bunyi, atau maklumat lain. Saiz dan susunan panel menyumbang kepada pacing naratif. Kartun dan bentuk ilustrasi yang serupa adalah cara membuat imej yang paling biasa dalam komik; fumetti adalah bentuk yang menggunakan imej fotografi. Bentuk komik biasa termasuk jalur komik, kartun editorial dan gag, dan buku komik. Sejak akhir abad ke-20, jumlah terikat seperti novel-novel grafik, album komik, dan tangk\u014dbon telah menjadi semakin umum, dan laman web dalam talian telah berkembang pada abad ke-21. <> Mana bentuk komik yang melibatkan penggunaan gambar fotografi? || fumetti <> Selain onomatopoeia dan kapsyen, apa yang boleh digunakan untuk menunjukkan dialog dalam komik? || belon ucapan <> Apa jenis komik yang telah diambil pada abad ke-21? || laman web dalam talian <> Pelbagai saiz serta bagaimana panel disusun membantu dengan aspek komik apa? || pacing naratif <> Komik mana yang melibatkan penggunaan imej autografi? || <> Selain onomatopoeia dan kapsyen, apa yang tidak boleh digunakan untuk menunjukkan dialog dalam komik? || <> Selain onomatopoeia dan kapsyen, apa yang boleh digunakan untuk menunjukkan dialog dalam komik? || <> Apa jenis komik telah diambil pada abad ke-20? || <> Pelbagai saiz serta bagaimana panel disusun tidak membantu dengan aspek komik apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which form of comics entails the use of photographic images?", "id": "56e01244231d4119001abf16", "answers": [{"text": "fumetti", "answer_start": 484}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to onomatopoeia and captions, what can be used to show the dialogue in comics?", "id": "56e01244231d4119001abf17", "answers": [{"text": "speech balloons", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of comic has taken off in the 21st century?", "id": "56e01244231d4119001abf18", "answers": [{"text": "online webcomics", "answer_start": 756}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The various sizes as well as how panels are arranged help with what aspect of comics?", "id": "56e01244231d4119001abf19", "answers": [{"text": "narrative pacing", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fumetti", "answer_start": 484}], "question": "Which form of comics entails the use of autographic images?", "id": "5acf6bcf77cf76001a684dd0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "speech balloons", "answer_start": 215}], "question": "In addition to onomatopoeia and captions, what can't be used to show the dialogue in comics?", "id": "5acf6bcf77cf76001a684dd1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "speech balloons", "answer_start": 215}], "question": "In addition to onomatopoeia and captions, what can be used to show the non-dialogue in comics?", "id": "5acf6bcf77cf76001a684dd2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "online webcomics", "answer_start": 756}], "question": "What type of comic has taken off in the 20th century?", "id": "5acf6bcf77cf76001a684dd3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "narrative pacing", "answer_start": 371}], "question": "The various sizes as well as how panels are arranged don't help with what aspect of comics?", "id": "5acf6bcf77cf76001a684dd4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Comics are a medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information. Comics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images. Often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other information. Size and arrangement of panels contribute to narrative pacing. Cartooning and similar forms of illustration are the most common image-making means in comics; fumetti is a form which uses photographic images. Common forms of comics include comic strips, editorial and gag cartoons, and comic books. Since the late 20th century, bound volumes such as graphic novels, comics albums, and tank\u014dbon have become increasingly common, and online webcomics have proliferated in the 21st century."}], ["Tradisi komik Eropah, Amerika, dan Jepun telah mengikuti jalan yang berlainan. Eropah telah melihat tradisi mereka bermula dari Swiss Rodolphe T\u00f6pffer dari awal tahun 1827 dan orang Amerika telah melihat asal-usul mereka di jalur akhbar 1890s Richard F. Outcault The Yellow Kid, walaupun banyak orang Amerika telah mengenali keutamaan T\u00f6pffer. Jepun mempunyai prasejarah panjang kartun dan komik satiris yang membawa kepada era Perang Dunia II. Seniman ukiyo-e Hokusai mempopularkan istilah Jepun untuk komik dan kartun, manga, pada awal abad ke-19. Dalam zaman pasca perang, komik-komik Jepun moden mula berkembang ketika Osamu Tezuka menghasilkan karya yang produktif. Menjelang akhir abad ke-20, ketiga-tiga tradisi ini menumpukan kepada trend ke arah komik buku panjang: album komik di Eropah, tank\u014dbon [a] di Jepun, dan novel grafik di negara berbahasa Inggeris. <> Siapa yang paling terkenal kerana pencipta komik pertama di Eropah? || Rodolphe T\u00f6pffer <> Siapa yang dianggap sebagai pencipta komik pertama di Amerika? || Richard F. Outcault <> Bilakah Outcault's The Yellow Kid muncul di akhbar? || 1890s <> Apa gaya komik Jepun mempunyai sejarah yang panjang sebelum Perang Dunia II? || satirical <> Siapa yang paling terkenal kerana pencipta komik terakhir di Eropah? || <> Siapa yang paling kurang dikenali sebagai pencipta komik pertama di Eropah? || <> Siapa yang dianggap sebagai pencipta komik terakhir di Amerika? || <> Bilakah Kid's Yellow Outcault muncul dalam buku? || <> Apa gaya komik Jepun mempunyai sejarah yang panjang sebelum Perang Dunia I? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is best known for being the first comics creator in Europe?", "id": "56e01a8f7aa994140058e2cd", "answers": [{"text": "Rodolphe T\u00f6pffer", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is considered to be the first comic creator in America?", "id": "56e01a8f7aa994140058e2ce", "answers": [{"text": "Richard F. Outcault", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Outcault's The Yellow Kid appear in newspapers?", "id": "56e01a8f7aa994140058e2cf", "answers": [{"text": "1890s", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What style of comics did Japan have a long history with prior to World War II?", "id": "56e01a8f7aa994140058e2d0", "answers": [{"text": "satirical", "answer_start": 395}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Rodolphe T\u00f6pffer", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "Who is best known for being the last comics creator in Europe?", "id": "5acf6d3877cf76001a684e02", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Rodolphe T\u00f6pffer", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "Who is least known for being the first comics creator in Europe?", "id": "5acf6d3877cf76001a684e03", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Richard F. Outcault", "answer_start": 237}], "question": "Who is considered to be the last comic creator in America?", "id": "5acf6d3877cf76001a684e04", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1890s", "answer_start": 259}], "question": "When did Outcault's The Yellow Kid appear in books?", "id": "5acf6d3877cf76001a684e05", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "satirical", "answer_start": 395}], "question": "What style of comics did Japan have a long history with prior to World War I?", "id": "5acf6d3877cf76001a684e06", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The European, American, and Japanese comics traditions have followed different paths. Europeans have seen their tradition as beginning with the Swiss Rodolphe T\u00f6pffer from as early as 1827 and Americans have seen the origin of theirs in Richard F. Outcault's 1890s newspaper strip The Yellow Kid, though many Americans have come to recognize T\u00f6pffer's precedence. Japan had a long prehistory of satirical cartoons and comics leading up to the World War II era. The ukiyo-e artist Hokusai popularized the Japanese term for comics and cartooning, manga, in the early 19th century. In the post-war era modern Japanese comics began to flourish when Osamu Tezuka produced a prolific body of work. Towards the close of the 20th century, these three traditions converged in a trend towards book-length comics: the comics album in Europe, the tank\u014dbon[a] in Japan, and the graphic novel in the English-speaking countries."}], ["Sejarah komik telah mengikuti jalan yang berbeza dalam budaya yang berbeza. Para ilmuwan telah membuat pra sejarah sejak lukisan gua Lascaux. Pada pertengahan abad ke-20, komik berkembang terutama di Amerika Syarikat, Eropah barat (terutama di Perancis dan Belgium), dan Jepun. Sejarah komik Eropah sering dikesan untuk jalur kartun Rodolphe T\u00f6pffer pada tahun 1830-an, dan menjadi popular berikutan kejayaan pada tahun 1930-an jalur dan buku-buku seperti The Adventures of Tintin. Komik Amerika muncul sebagai media massa pada awal abad ke-20 dengan munculnya komik akhbar akhbar; Buku komik gaya-majalah diikuti pada tahun 1930-an, di mana genre superhero menjadi terkenal selepas Superman muncul pada tahun 1938. Sejarah komik Jepun dan kartun (manga) mencadangkan asal-usul sejak awal abad ke-12. Jalur komik moden muncul di Jepun pada awal abad ke-20, dan hasil majalah dan buku komik berkembang dengan pesat dalam era pasca Perang Dunia II dengan popularitas kartunis seperti Osamu Tezuka. Komik telah mempunyai reputasi rendah untuk kebanyakan sejarahnya, tetapi menjelang penghujung abad ke-20 mula mendapat sambutan yang lebih baik dengan orang awam dan akademik. <> Bilakah Rodolphe T\u00f6pffer membuat kartun? || 1830s <> Yang superhero muncul dalam komik pada tahun 1938? || Superman <> Apakah kartun Jepun yang dikenali? || manga <> Bilakah Rodolphe T\u00f6pffer mencipta berita? || <> Yang superhero muncul dalam komik pada tahun 1983? || <> Antihero mana yang muncul dalam komik pada tahun 1938? || <> Apakah kartun Cina dikenali sebagai? || <> Apakah kartun Jepun tidak dikenali? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Rodolphe T\u00f6pffer create cartoons?", "id": "56e01379231d4119001abf20", "answers": [{"text": "1830s", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which superhero appeared in comics in 1938?", "id": "56e01379231d4119001abf22", "answers": [{"text": "Superman", "answer_start": 711}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Japanese cartooning known as?", "id": "56e01379231d4119001abf23", "answers": [{"text": "manga", "answer_start": 783}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1830s", "answer_start": 384}], "question": "When did Rodolphe T\u00f6pffer create news?", "id": "5acf6c2d77cf76001a684dda", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Superman", "answer_start": 711}], "question": "Which superhero appeared in comics in 1983?", "id": "5acf6c2d77cf76001a684ddb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Superman", "answer_start": 711}], "question": "Which antihero appeared in comics in 1938?", "id": "5acf6c2d77cf76001a684ddc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "manga", "answer_start": 783}], "question": "What is Chinese cartooning known as?", "id": "5acf6c2d77cf76001a684ddd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "manga", "answer_start": 783}], "question": "What is Japanese cartooning not known as?", "id": "5acf6c2d77cf76001a684dde", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European comics is often traced to Rodolphe T\u00f6pffer's cartoon strips of the 1830s, and became popular following the success in the 1930s of strips and books such as The Adventures of Tintin. American comics emerged as a mass medium in the early 20th century with the advent of newspaper comic strips; magazine-style comic books followed in the 1930s, in which the superhero genre became prominent after Superman appeared in 1938. Histories of Japanese comics and cartooning (manga) propose origins as early as the 12th century. Modern comic strips emerged in Japan in the early 20th century, and the output of comics magazines and books rapidly expanded in the post-World War II era with the popularity of cartoonists such as Osamu Tezuka. Comics has had a lowbrow reputation for much of its history, but towards the end of the 20th century began to find greater acceptance with the public and in academia."}], ["Format berkala komik khusus sangat berbeza dalam budaya yang berbeza. Buku komik, terutamanya format Amerika, adalah majalah berkala yang biasanya diterbitkan dalam warna. Komik Eropah dan Jepun sering berseri di majalah-bulanan atau mingguan di Eropah, dan biasanya hitam dan putih dan mingguan di Jepun. Majalah komik Jepun biasanya berlari ke ratusan halaman. <> Di mana komik bersiri di Jepun biasanya muncul? || majalah <> Seberapa sering komik bersiri Eropah dalam majalah? || bulanan atau mingguan <> Berapa kerap komik bersiri biasanya muncul dalam majalah Jepun? || mingguan <> Berapa lama majalah tipikal komik Jepun? || beratus-ratus halaman <> Di mana komik bukan bersiri di Jepun biasanya muncul? || <> Di mana komik bersiri di Jepun secara gejala muncul? || <> Berapa kerap komik bersiri Amerika dalam majalah? || <> Berapa sering komik bersiri biasanya muncul dalam majalah Cina? || <> Berapa lama majalah komik Jepun atipikal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where do serialized comics in Japan typically appear?", "id": "56e02e6e231d4119001abf9a", "answers": [{"text": "magazines", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How often are European serialized comics in magazines?", "id": "56e02e6e231d4119001abf9b", "answers": [{"text": "monthly or weekly", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How often do serialized comics typically appear in Japanese magazines?", "id": "56e02e6e231d4119001abf9c", "answers": [{"text": "weekly", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long is the typical Japanese comic magazine?", "id": "56e02e6e231d4119001abf9d", "answers": [{"text": "hundreds of pages", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "magazines", "answer_start": 226}], "question": "Where do non-serialized comics in Japan typically appear?", "id": "5acf8c8477cf76001a6851d0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "magazines", "answer_start": 226}], "question": "Where do serialized comics in Japan atypically appear?", "id": "5acf8c8477cf76001a6851d1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "monthly or weekly", "answer_start": 236}], "question": "How often are American serialized comics in magazines?", "id": "5acf8c8477cf76001a6851d2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "weekly", "answer_start": 297}], "question": "How often do serialized comics typically appear in Chinese magazines?", "id": "5acf8c8477cf76001a6851d3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hundreds of pages", "answer_start": 356}], "question": "How long is the atypical Japanese comic magazine?", "id": "5acf8c8477cf76001a6851d4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Specialized comics periodicals formats vary greatly in different cultures. Comic books, primarily an American format, are thin periodicals usually published in colour. European and Japanese comics are frequently serialized in magazines\u2014monthly or weekly in Europe, and usually black-and-white and weekly in Japan. Japanese comics magazine typically run to hundreds of pages."}], ["Komik dan kartun Jepun (manga), [g] mempunyai sejarah yang telah dilihat sebagai watak antropomorfik pada abad ke-13 hingga ke-13 Ch\u014dj\u016b-jinbutsu-giga, buku-buku gambar toba-e abad ke-17 dan kiby\u014dshi , dan cetakan kayu seperti ukiyo-e yang popular antara abad ke-17 dan ke-20. Kiby\u014dshi mengandungi contoh gambar berurutan, garis pergerakan, dan kesan bunyi. <> Apa gambar buku dari asal-usul manga menunjukkan abad ke-17? || buku-buku gambar toba-e dan kiby\u014dshi <> Apa sajak ukiyo-e? || prints woodblock <> Apa gambar buku dari asal manga menunjukkan abad ke-16? || <> Apa gambar akhbar dari abad ke-17 menunjukkan manga? || <> Apa gambar buku dari abad ke-17 tidak menunjukkan asal-usul manga? || <> Apa ukiyo-e bukan contoh? || <> apa yang tidak menjadi popular antara abad ke-17 dan ke-20? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What picture books from the 17th century show manga origins?", "id": "56e02acd231d4119001abf6d", "answers": [{"text": "toba-e and kiby\u014dshi picture books", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is ukiyo-e an example of?", "id": "56e02acd231d4119001abf6e", "answers": [{"text": "woodblock prints", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "toba-e and kiby\u014dshi picture books", "answer_start": 185}], "question": "What picture books from the 16th century show manga origins?", "id": "5acf87db77cf76001a685126", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "toba-e and kiby\u014dshi picture books", "answer_start": 185}], "question": "What picture newspapers from the 17th century show manga origins?", "id": "5acf87db77cf76001a685127", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "toba-e and kiby\u014dshi picture books", "answer_start": 185}], "question": "What picture books from the 17th century don't show manga origins?", "id": "5acf87db77cf76001a685128", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "popular between the 17th and 20th centuries", "answer_start": 268}], "question": "What is ukiyo-e not an example of?", "id": "5acf87db77cf76001a685129", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ukiyo-e", "answer_start": 249}], "question": "what didn't become popular between the 17th and 20th centuries?", "id": "5acf87db77cf76001a68512a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Japanese comics and cartooning (manga),[g] have a history that has been seen as far back as the anthropomorphic characters in the 12th-to-13th-century Ch\u014dj\u016b-jinbutsu-giga, 17th-century toba-e and kiby\u014dshi picture books, and woodblock prints such as ukiyo-e which were popular between the 17th and 20th centuries. The kiby\u014dshi contained examples of sequential images, movement lines, and sound effects."}], ["Jalur komik biasanya pendek, komik multipanel yang secara tradisinya paling umum muncul di akhbar. Di AS, jalur harian biasanya menduduki satu peringkat, manakala jalur Minggu telah diberi pelbagai peringkat. Pada awal abad ke-20, jalur harian biasanya berwarna hitam dan putih dan biasanya biasanya berwarna dan sering menduduki halaman penuh. <> Di manakah komik biasanya muncul? || akhbar <> Di mana komik tidak pernah muncul? || <> Negara mana yang membuat jalur mingguan biasanya menduduki satu peringkat? || <> Negara mana yang membuat jalur setiap hari secara kasar menduduki satu peringkat? || <> Apa negara jalur harian biasanya menduduki dua tingkat? || <> manakala jalur Sabtu telah diberikan berapa peringkat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where do comics usually appear?", "id": "56e02db6231d4119001abf8f", "answers": [{"text": "newspapers", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "newspapers", "answer_start": 97}], "question": "Where do comics never appear?", "id": "5acf8b4b77cf76001a685196", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "US", "answer_start": 116}], "question": "What country do weekly strips have normally occupied a single tier?", "id": "5acf8b4b77cf76001a685197", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "US", "answer_start": 116}], "question": "What country do daily strips have abnormally occupied a single tier?", "id": "5acf8b4b77cf76001a685198", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "US", "answer_start": 116}], "question": "What country do daily strips have normally occupied a double tier?", "id": "5acf8b4b77cf76001a685199", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "multiple", "answer_start": 207}], "question": "while Saturday strips have been given how many tiers?", "id": "5acf8b4b77cf76001a68519a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Comic strips are generally short, multipanel comics that traditionally most commonly appeared in newspapers. In the US, daily strips have normally occupied a single tier, while Sunday strips have been given multiple tiers. In the early 20th century, daily strips were typically in black-and-white and Sundays were usually in colour and often occupied a full page."}], ["Pemain francophone Swiss Rodolphe T\u00f6pffer menghasilkan komik jalur bermula pada tahun 1827, dan menerbitkan teori-teori di sebalik bentuknya. Kartun muncul secara meluas dalam akhbar dan majalah dari abad ke-19. Kejayaan Zig et Puce pada tahun 1925 mempopularkan penggunaan belon ucapan di komik Eropah, dan kemudian komik Franco-Belgia mula menguasai. Pengembaraan Tintin, dengan gaya garis jelasnya, pertama kali bersambung dalam suplemen komik akhbar yang bermula pada tahun 1929, dan menjadi ikon komik Franco-Belgia. <> Siapa yang mula menghasilkan jalur komik dan teori tentangnya pada tahun 1827? || Rodolphe T\u00f6pffer <> Berapa abad telah komik dalam pengeluaran yang luas? || 19th <> Apa kartun 1925 membuat buih ucapan popular? || Zig et Puce <> Apa komik mula menguasai Eropah? || Franco-Belgian <> Bilakah \"The Adventures of Tintin\" bersiri? || 1929 <> Siapa yang mula menghasilkan jalur komik dan teori mengenai mereka pada tahun 1872? || <> Berapa abad telah komik dalam pengeluaran tempatan? || <> Apa 1925 kartun membuat buih ucapan tidak popular? || <> Bilakah \"The Adventures of Tintin\" tidak disusun? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who started producing comic strips and theories about them in 1827?", "id": "56e031847aa994140058e33f", "answers": [{"text": "Rodolphe T\u00f6pffer", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What century had comics in wide production?", "id": "56e031847aa994140058e340", "answers": [{"text": "19th", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What 1925 cartoon made speech bubbles popular?", "id": "56e031847aa994140058e341", "answers": [{"text": "Zig et Puce", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What comics began to dominate in Europe?", "id": "56e031847aa994140058e342", "answers": [{"text": "Franco-Belgian", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was \"The Adventures of Tintin\" serialized?", "id": "56e031847aa994140058e343", "answers": [{"text": "1929", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Rodolphe T\u00f6pffer", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "Who started producing comic strips and theories about them in 1872?", "id": "5acf824377cf76001a685046", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "19th", "answer_start": 182}], "question": "What century had comics in local production?", "id": "5acf824377cf76001a685047", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zig et Puce", "answer_start": 211}], "question": "What 1925 cartoon made speech bubbles unpopular?", "id": "5acf824377cf76001a685048", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1929", "answer_start": 472}], "question": "When was \"The Adventures of Tintin\" unserialized?", "id": "5acf824377cf76001a68504a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The francophone Swiss Rodolphe T\u00f6pffer produced comic strips beginning in 1827, and published theories behind the form. Cartoons appeared widely in newspapers and magazines from the 19th century. The success of Zig et Puce in 1925 popularized the use of speech balloons in European comics, after which Franco-Belgian comics began to dominate. The Adventures of Tintin, with its signature clear line style, was first serialized in newspaper comics supplements beginning in 1929, and became an icon of Franco-Belgian comics."}], ["Komik di AS mempunyai reputasi rendah yang berpunca dari akarnya dalam budaya massa; elit budaya kadang-kadang melihat budaya popular sebagai budaya dan masyarakat yang mengancam. Pada separuh akhir abad ke-20, budaya popular memenangkan penerimaan yang lebih besar, dan garis antara budaya tinggi dan rendah mula kabur. Namun, komik terus menjadi stigma, kerana medium itu dilihat sebagai hiburan untuk kanak-kanak dan buta huruf. <> Apa komik ada di Amerika Syarikat kerana akar budaya? || reputasi rendah <> Siapa sangka budaya pop adalah risiko? || elit budaya <> Apa yang dianggap hanya baik untuk kanak-kanak dan mereka yang tidak dapat membaca atau menulis? || Komik <> Apa komik ada di Amerika Syarikat kerana akar sukan? || <> Apa komik tidak ada di Amerika Syarikat kerana akar budaya? || <> Siapa sangka budaya pop tidak berisiko? || <> Apa yang dikatakan buruk bagi kanak-kanak dan mereka yang tidak dapat membaca atau menulis? || <> Apa yang dianggap baik untuk kanak-kanak dan mereka yang boleh membaca atau menulis? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What did comics have in the United States because of cultural roots?", "id": "56e03088231d4119001abfa3", "answers": [{"text": "lowbrow reputation", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who thought pop culture was a risk?", "id": "56e03088231d4119001abfa4", "answers": [{"text": "cultural elites", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was thought to be only good for children and those who could not read or write?", "id": "56e03088231d4119001abfa6", "answers": [{"text": "Comics", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lowbrow reputation", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "What did comics have in the United States because of sports roots?", "id": "5acf7fe177cf76001a684fdc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lowbrow reputation", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "What did comics not have in the United States because of cultural roots?", "id": "5acf7fe177cf76001a684fdd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cultural elites", "answer_start": 87}], "question": "Who thought pop culture wasn't at risk?", "id": "5acf7fe177cf76001a684fde", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Comics", "answer_start": 307}], "question": "What was thought to be bad for children and those who could not read or write?", "id": "5acf7fe177cf76001a684fdf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Comics", "answer_start": 307}], "question": "What was thought to be only good for children and those who could read or write?", "id": "5acf7fe177cf76001a684fe0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Comics in the US has had a lowbrow reputation stemming from its roots in mass culture; cultural elites sometimes saw popular culture as threatening culture and society. In the latter half of the 20th century, popular culture won greater acceptance, and the lines between high and low culture began to blur. Comics nevertheless continued to be stigmatized, as the medium was seen as entertainment for children and illiterates."}], ["Kartun kesenian dan editorial biasanya terdiri daripada satu panel tunggal, selalunya memasukkan kapsyen atau belon ucapan. Takrif komik yang menekankan urutan biasanya tidak memasukkan kartun, panel, dan lain-lain; mereka boleh dimasukkan dalam definisi yang menekankan gabungan perkataan dan imej. Kartun-kartun gag mula mula berkembang di broadsheets yang diterbitkan di Eropah pada abad ke-18 dan ke-19, dan istilah \"kartun\" [h] mula digunakan untuk menggambarkan mereka pada tahun 1843 dalam majalah humor British Punch. <> Di manakah kartun gagak mula-mula membuat penampilan? || Eropah <> Bilakah ilustrasi panel satu gag yang dikenali sebagai kartun? || 1843 <> Dalam penerbitannya apakah kartun yang pertama digunakan untuk menggambarkan ilustrasi panel tunggal gag? || Punch <> Di manakah kartun tarian terakhir membuat penampilan? || <> Di mana kartun yang serius mula-mula membuat penampilan? || <> Bilakah ilustrasi panel yang serius dikenali sebagai kartun? || <> Bilakah ilustrasi satu panel gag yang dikenali sebagai komik? || <> Dalam penerbitannya apakah kartun yang terakhir digunakan untuk menggambarkan ilustrasi panel tunggal gag? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did gag cartoons first make an appearance?", "id": "56e02fd17aa994140058e323", "answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did gag single-panel illustrations become known as cartoons?", "id": "56e02fd17aa994140058e324", "answers": [{"text": "1843", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which publication was cartoon first used to describe gag single-panel illustrations?", "id": "56e02fd17aa994140058e325", "answers": [{"text": "Punch", "answer_start": 513}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 377}], "question": "Where did gag cartoons last make an appearance?", "id": "5acf8d6477cf76001a68520a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 377}], "question": "Where did serious cartoons first make an appearance?", "id": "5acf8d6477cf76001a68520b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1843", "answer_start": 477}], "question": "When did serious single-panel illustrations become known as cartoons?", "id": "5acf8d6477cf76001a68520c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1843", "answer_start": 477}], "question": "When did gag single-panel illustrations become known as comics?", "id": "5acf8d6477cf76001a68520d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Punch", "answer_start": 513}], "question": "In which publication was cartoon last used to describe gag single-panel illustrations?", "id": "5acf8d6477cf76001a68520e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Gag and editorial cartoons usually consist of a single panel, often incorporating a caption or speech balloon. Definitions of comics which emphasize sequence usually exclude gag, editorial, and other single-panel cartoons; they can be included in definitions that emphasize the combination of word and image. Gag cartoons first began to proliferate in broadsheets published in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, and the term \"cartoon\"[h] was first used to describe them in 1843 in the British humour magazine Punch."}], ["Majalah-majalah yang digambarkan untuk ekspatriat Barat memperkenalkan kartun satir gaya Barat ke Jepun pada akhir abad ke-19. Penerbitan baru dalam gaya Barat dan Jepun menjadi popular, dan pada akhir tahun 1890an, suplemen komik ala gaya Amerika mula muncul di Jepun, serta beberapa komik Amerika. 1900 menyaksikan debut Manga Jiji dalam akhbar Jiji Shinp\u014d-penggunaan pertama perkataan \"manga\" dalam pengertian modennya, dan di mana, pada tahun 1902, Rakuten Kitazawa memulakan jalur komik Jepun yang pertama. Pada tahun 1930-an, jalur komik telah disiarkan dalam majalah bulanan kanak-kanak perempuan dan kanak-kanak lelaki bulanan dan dikumpulkan ke dalam jumlah kekunci keras. <> Bilakah suplemen komik mula muncul di Jepun? || 1890s <> Siapa yang memperkenalkan jalur satir ke Jepun? || Ekspatriat Barat <> Kapan debut Jiji Manga? || 1900 <> Siapa yang memulakan komik Jepun pertama di zaman moden? || Rakuten Kitazawa <> Ketika komik mulai muncul dalam volume pengumpulan hardback? || 1930-an <> Bilakah makanan tambahan komik berhenti muncul di Jepun? || <> Bilakah suplemen komik mula muncul di China? || <> Siapa yang tidak pernah memperkenalkan jalur satir ke Jepun? || <> Bilakah Manga Jiji berakhir? || <> Siapa yang memulakan komik Jepun terakhir di zaman moden? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did comic supplements start showing up in Japan?", "id": "56e02b8d231d4119001abf75", "answers": [{"text": "1890s", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who introduced satirical strips to Japan?", "id": "56e02b8d231d4119001abf76", "answers": [{"text": "Western expatriates", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Jiji Manga debut?", "id": "56e02b8d231d4119001abf77", "answers": [{"text": "1900", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who started the first Japanese comic strip in modern times?", "id": "56e02b8d231d4119001abf78", "answers": [{"text": "Rakuten Kitazawa", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did comic strips start appearing in hardback collection volumes?", "id": "56e02b8d231d4119001abf79", "answers": [{"text": "1930s", "answer_start": 546}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1890s", "answer_start": 220}], "question": "When did comic supplements stop showing up in Japan?", "id": "5acf88c177cf76001a68514a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1890s", "answer_start": 220}], "question": "When did comic supplements start showing up in China?", "id": "5acf88c177cf76001a68514b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Western expatriates", "answer_start": 26}], "question": "Who never introduced satirical strips to Japan?", "id": "5acf88c177cf76001a68514c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1900", "answer_start": 336}], "question": "When did Jiji Manga end?", "id": "5acf88c177cf76001a68514d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Rakuten Kitazawa", "answer_start": 477}], "question": "Who started the last Japanese comic strip in modern times?", "id": "5acf88c177cf76001a68514e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Illustrated magazines for Western expatriates introduced Western-style satirical cartoons to Japan in the late 19th century. New publications in both the Western and Japanese styles became popular, and at the end of the 1890s, American-style newspaper comics supplements began to appear in Japan, as well as some American comic strips. 1900 saw the debut of the Jiji Manga in the Jiji Shinp\u014d newspaper\u2014the first use of the word \"manga\" in its modern sense, and where, in 1902, Rakuten Kitazawa began the first modern Japanese comic strip. By the 1930s, comic strips were serialized in large-circulation monthly girls' and boys' magazine and collected into hardback volumes."}], ["Komik panjang buku mengambil pelbagai bentuk dalam budaya yang berbeza. Album komik Eropah paling banyak dicetak dalam saiz warna A4. Di negara-negara berbahasa Inggeris, jumlah komik terikat dipanggil novel-novel grafik dan boleh didapati dalam pelbagai format. Walaupun menggabungkan istilah \"novel\" -a istilah yang biasanya dikaitkan dengan fiksyen- \"novel grafis\" juga merujuk kepada bukan fiksyen dan koleksi kerja pendek. Komik Jepun dikumpulkan dalam jumlah yang dipanggil tank\u014dbon berikutan penyerahan majalah. <> Apakah batas-batas komik yang dipanggil di Amerika? || novel grafis <> Apakah nama yang diberikan kepada jilid komik Jepun? || tank\u014dbon <> Apa jenis kerja novel yang biasanya ditujukan kepada? || fiksyen <> Istilah apa yang boleh bermakna sekeping non-fiksyen koleksi kepingan pendek? || novel grafis <> Apakah batas-batas akhbar yang dipanggil di Amerika? || <> Apakah nama yang tidak diberikan kepada jilid komik Jepun? || <> Apa jenis permainan novel yang biasanya ditujukan kepada? || <> Istilah apa yang boleh bermakna sekeping fiksyen koleksi kepingan pendek? || <> Istilah apa yang boleh bermakna sekeping non-fiksyen koleksi keping panjang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are bounds volumes of comics called in America?", "id": "56e02f3b7aa994140058e30d", "answers": [{"text": "graphic novels", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name given to Japanese comics volumes?", "id": "56e02f3b7aa994140058e30f", "answers": [{"text": "tank\u014dbon", "answer_start": 460}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of work is the word novel generally geared towards?", "id": "56e02f3b7aa994140058e310", "answers": [{"text": "fiction", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term can mean a non-fiction piece of a collection of short pieces?", "id": "56e02f3b7aa994140058e311", "answers": [{"text": "graphic novels", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "graphic novels", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "What are bounds volumes of newspapers called in America?", "id": "5acf8d1977cf76001a6851ec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "tank\u014dbon", "answer_start": 460}], "question": "What is the name not given to Japanese comics volumes?", "id": "5acf8d1977cf76001a6851ed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fiction", "answer_start": 329}], "question": "What type of play is the word novel generally geared towards?", "id": "5acf8d1977cf76001a6851ee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "graphic novel", "answer_start": 338}], "question": "What term can mean a fiction piece of a collection of short pieces?", "id": "5acf8d1977cf76001a6851ef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "graphic novel", "answer_start": 338}], "question": "What term can mean a non-fiction piece of a collection of long pieces?", "id": "5acf8d1977cf76001a6851f0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Book-length comics take different forms in different cultures. European comics albums are most commonly printed in A4-size colour volumes. In English-speaking countries, bound volumes of comics are called graphic novels and are available in various formats. Despite incorporating the term \"novel\"\u2014a term normally associated with fiction\u2014\"graphic novel\" also refers to non-fiction and collections of short works. Japanese comics are collected in volumes called tank\u014dbon following magazine serialization."}], ["Komik-komik panjang novel-grafik mula mendapat perhatian selepas Will Eisner mempopularkan istilah itu dengan bukunya A Contract with God (1978). Istilah ini menjadi terkenal dengan orang ramai selepas kejayaan komersil Maus, Watchmen, dan The Dark Knight Returns pada pertengahan 1980-an. Pada abad ke-21 novel-novel grafis telah ditubuhkan di kedai-kedai buku arus perdana dan perpustakaan dan laman web menjadi biasa. <> Apakah komik yang selagi buku dipanggil? || novel grafis <> Siapa yang membantu \"novel grafik\" mendapat perhatian orang ramai? || Adakah Eisner <> Berapa dekadkah istilah \"novel grafik\" menjadi terkenal oleh orang ramai? || 1980-an <> Selain novel-novel grafik dicetak di kedai, apa yang menjadi popular dalam talian? || Webcomics <> Populariti Watchmen, The Dark Knight Returns dan apa komik lain membantu mempopularkan \"novel grafik\" sebagai istilah? || Maus <> Apakah komik yang sesingkat dengan buku yang dipanggil? || <> Siapa membantu \"novel grafik\" kehilangan perhatian orang ramai? || <> Apa dekad apa istilah \"novel grafik\" menjadi kurang dikenali oleh orang awam? || <> Selain novel grafik dicetak di kedai, apa yang menjadi popular di luar talian? || <> Kehilangan populariti para Watchmen, The Dark Knight Returns dan apa komik lain yang membantu mempopularkan \"novel grafis\" sebagai istilah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a comic that is as long as a book called?", "id": "56e03125231d4119001abfab", "answers": [{"text": "graphic novel", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who helped \"graphic novel\" get public attention?", "id": "56e03125231d4119001abfac", "answers": [{"text": "Will Eisner", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What decade did the term \"graphic novel\" become well known by the public?", "id": "56e03125231d4119001abfad", "answers": [{"text": "1980s", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to printed graphic novels in stores, what became popular online?", "id": "56e03125231d4119001abfae", "answers": [{"text": "webcomics", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The popularity of the Watchmen, The Dark Knight Returns and what other comic helped popularize \"graphic novel\" as a term?", "id": "56e03125231d4119001abfaf", "answers": [{"text": "Maus", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "graphic novel", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What is a comic that is as short as a book called?", "id": "5acf804277cf76001a684ff0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Will Eisner", "answer_start": 67}], "question": "Who helped \"graphic novel\" lose public attention?", "id": "5acf804277cf76001a684ff1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mid-1980s", "answer_start": 270}], "question": "What decade did the term \"graphic novel\" become lesser known by the public?", "id": "5acf804277cf76001a684ff2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "webcomics", "answer_start": 378}], "question": "In addition to printed graphic novels in stores, what became popular offline?", "id": "5acf804277cf76001a684ff3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Maus", "answer_start": 219}], "question": "The loss in popularity of the Watchmen, The Dark Knight Returns and what other comic helped popularize \"graphic novel\" as a term?", "id": "5acf804277cf76001a684ff4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The graphic novel\u2014book-length comics\u2014began to gain attention after Will Eisner popularized the term with his book A Contract with God (1978). The term became widely known with the public after the commercial success of Maus, Watchmen, and The Dark Knight Returns in the mid-1980s. In the 21st century graphic novels became established in mainstream bookstores and libraries and webcomics became common."}], ["Masa moden komik di Jepun bermula selepas Perang Dunia II, digerakkan oleh kejayaan komik bersiri Osamu Tezuka yang terkenal dan komik strip Sazae-san. Genre dan khalayak yang mempelbagaikan beberapa dekad berikut. Kisah biasanya berseri di majalah yang sering beratus-ratus muka surat tebal dan mungkin lebih daripada selusin cerita; mereka kemudiannya disusun dalam buku format-tank\u014dbon. Pada pergantian abad ke-20 dan ke-21, hampir seperempat daripada semua bahan bercetak di Jepun adalah komik. terjemahan menjadi sangat popular di pasaran luar negara-dalam beberapa kes menyamai atau melampaui penjualan komik domestik. <> Apa jalur komik yang dibuat oleh Osamu Tezuka? || Sazae-san <> Di mana komik jalur komik pertama bersiri? || majalah <> Apa yang dianggap sebagai permulaan komik moden di Jepun? || selepas Perang Dunia II <> Strip komik mana yang telah berakhir oleh Osamu Tezuka? || <> Apa komik jalur tidak dibuat oleh Osamu Tezuka? || <> Di manakah cerita jalur komik tidak pernah berseri? || <> Apa yang dianggap sebagai akhir komik moden di Jepun? || <> Apa yang dianggap sebagai permulaan komik purba di Jepun? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What comic strip was created by Osamu Tezuka?", "id": "56e02d07231d4119001abf7f", "answers": [{"text": "Sazae-san", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were comic strip stories first serialized?", "id": "56e02d07231d4119001abf81", "answers": [{"text": "magazines", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is considered the start of the modern comics in Japan?", "id": "56e02d07231d4119001abf82", "answers": [{"text": "after World War II", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sazae-san", "answer_start": 159}], "question": "What comic strip was ended by Osamu Tezuka?", "id": "5acf8a5777cf76001a68517c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sazae-san", "answer_start": 159}], "question": "What comic strip wasn't created by Osamu Tezuka?", "id": "5acf8a5777cf76001a68517d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "magazines", "answer_start": 271}], "question": "Where were comic strip stories never serialized?", "id": "5acf8a5777cf76001a68517e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "after World War II", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "What is considered the end of the modern comics in Japan?", "id": "5acf8a5777cf76001a68517f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "after World War II", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "What is considered the start of the ancient comics in Japan?", "id": "5acf8a5777cf76001a685180", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The modern era of comics in Japan began after World War II, propelled by the success of the serialized comics of the prolific Osamu Tezuka and the comic strip Sazae-san. Genres and audiences diversified over the following decades. Stories are usually first serialized in magazines which are often hundreds of pages thick and may over a dozen stories; they are later compiled in tank\u014dbon-format books. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, nearly a quarter of all printed material in Japan was comics. translations became extremely popular in foreign markets\u2014in some cases equaling or surpassing the sales of domestic comics."}], ["Sesetengah menganggap papan cerita dan novel tanpa perkataan menjadi komik. Studio filem, terutamanya dalam animasi, sering menggunakan urutan imej sebagai panduan untuk urutan filem. Papan cerita ini tidak dimaksudkan sebagai produk akhir dan jarang dilihat oleh orang awam. Novel Wordless adalah buku-buku yang menggunakan urutan imej tak bertulis untuk menyampaikan naratif. <> Papan cerita dan apa yang dianggap sebagai komik oleh beberapa? || Novel Wordless <> Storyboard digunakan banyak oleh apa? || Studio filem <> Papan cerita tidak dianggap apa? || produk akhir <> Siapa yang tidak sering melihat papan cerita yang digunakan dalam membuat filem? || orang awam <> Buku dengan gambar tanpa kapsyen yang memberitahu cerita dipanggil apa? || Novel Wordless <> Storyboard dan apa yang dianggap komik oleh semua? || <> Papan cerita tidak banyak digunakan oleh apa? || <> Skrip banyak digunakan oleh apa? || <> Papan cerita dipertimbangkan apa? || <> Sebuah buku tanpa gambar tanpa kapsyen yang memberitahu cerita dipanggil apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Storyboards and what are thought to be comics by some?", "id": "56e0388a231d4119001abfdd", "answers": [{"text": "Wordless novels", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Storyboards are used a lot by what?", "id": "56e0388a231d4119001abfde", "answers": [{"text": "Film studios", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Storyboards are not considered what?", "id": "56e0388a231d4119001abfdf", "answers": [{"text": "an end product", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does not often see storyboards used in film making?", "id": "56e0388a231d4119001abfe0", "answers": [{"text": "the public", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A book with pictures with no captions that tell a story are called what?", "id": "56e0388a231d4119001abfe1", "answers": [{"text": "Wordless novels", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wordless novels", "answer_start": 247}], "question": "Storyboards and what are thought to be comics by all?", "id": "5acf8e0f77cf76001a685232", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Film studios", "answer_start": 60}], "question": "Storyboards are not used a lot by what?", "id": "5acf8e0f77cf76001a685233", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Film studios", "answer_start": 60}], "question": "Scripts are used a lot by what?", "id": "5acf8e0f77cf76001a685234", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "an end product", "answer_start": 197}], "question": "Storyboards are considered what?", "id": "5acf8e0f77cf76001a685235", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wordless novels", "answer_start": 247}], "question": "A book without pictures with no captions that tell a story are called what?", "id": "5acf8e0f77cf76001a685236", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some consider storyboards and wordless novels to be comics. Film studios, especially in animation, often use sequences of images as guides for film sequences. These storyboards are not intended as an end product and are rarely seen by the public. Wordless novels are books which use sequences of captionless images to deliver a narrative."}], ["Pada tahun 1960-an, istilah bandes dessin\u00e9es (\"jalur dilukis\") telah digunakan secara meluas dalam bahasa Perancis untuk menandakan medium. Kartunis mula membuat komik untuk penonton yang matang, dan istilah \"Artis Kesembilan\" [e] dicipta, sebagai komik mula menarik perhatian umum dan akademik sebagai bentuk seni. Satu kumpulan termasuk Ren\u00e9 Goscinny dan Albert Uderzo mengasaskan majalah Pilote pada tahun 1959 untuk memberi artis lebih banyak kebebasan untuk kerja mereka. Goscinny dan Uderzo The Adventures of Asterix muncul di dalamnya dan terus menjadi siri komik bahasa Perancis yang paling laris. Dari tahun 1960, Hara-Kiri yang melanggar satir dan tabu menentang undang-undang penapisan dalam semangat kultur yang membawa kepada peristiwa Mei 1968. <> Komik untuk orang dewasa mula dipanggil apa? || Seni Kesembilan <> Tahun berapa Pilote bermula? || 1959 <> Apa yang menjadi komik terbaik dalam bahasa Perancis? || Petualangan Asterix <> Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh pelukis tidak? || <> Komik untuk kanak-kanak mula dipanggil apa? || <> Tahun apa Pilote berakhir? || <> Apa yang menjadi komik terbaik dalam bahasa Inggeris? || <> Apa yang menjadi komik penjual rendah dalam bahasa Perancis? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Comics for adults began to be called what?", "id": "56e032247aa994140058e34b", "answers": [{"text": "Ninth Art", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Pilote begin?", "id": "56e032247aa994140058e34c", "answers": [{"text": "1959", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What became a best-seller comic in the French language?", "id": "56e032247aa994140058e34d", "answers": [{"text": "Adventures of Asterix", "answer_start": 437}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "drawn strips", "answer_start": 42}], "question": "What does bandes dessin\u00e9es not mean?", "id": "5acf864b77cf76001a6850d0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ninth Art", "answer_start": 178}], "question": "Comics for kids began to be called what?", "id": "5acf864b77cf76001a6850d1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1959", "answer_start": 357}], "question": "What year did Pilote end?", "id": "5acf864b77cf76001a6850d2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Adventures of Asterix", "answer_start": 437}], "question": "What became a best-seller comic in the English language?", "id": "5acf864b77cf76001a6850d3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Adventures of Asterix", "answer_start": 437}], "question": "What became a low-seller comic in the French language?", "id": "5acf864b77cf76001a6850d4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the 1960s, the term bandes dessin\u00e9es (\"drawn strips\") came into wide use in French to denote the medium. Cartoonists began creating comics for mature audiences, and the term \"Ninth Art\"[e] was coined, as comics began to attract public and academic attention as an artform. A group including Ren\u00e9 Goscinny and Albert Uderzo founded the magazine Pilote in 1959 to give artists greater freedom over their work. Goscinny and Uderzo's The Adventures of Asterix appeared in it and went on to become the best-selling French-language comics series. From 1960, the satirical and taboo-breaking Hara-Kiri defied censorship laws in the countercultural spirit that led to the May 1968 events."}], ["Webcomics adalah komik yang boleh didapati di internet. Mereka dapat menjangkau khalayak yang besar, dan pembaca baru biasanya boleh mengakses ansuran yang diarsipkan. Webcomics boleh menggunakan kanvas tak terbatas yang bermaksud mereka tidak dikekang oleh saiz atau dimensi halaman. <> Komik apa yang ada di Internet? || Webcomics <> Webcomics menjangkau khalayak yang besar dan baru apa? || pembaca <> Dengan webcomics, pembaca mempunyai akses kepada apa? || ansuran yang diarkib <> Tidak ditahan oleh had saiz, webcomics dikatakan mempunyai apa? || kanvas tak terbatas <> Komik apa yang tidak di Internet? || <> Webcomics menjangkau khalayak kecil dan baru apa? || <> Webcomics menjangkau khalayak yang besar dan lama apa? || <> Dengan webcomics, pembaca tidak mempunyai akses kepada apa? || <> Dipegang oleh had saiz, webcomics dikatakan mempunyai apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What comics are on the Internet?", "id": "56e038497aa994140058e3a5", "answers": [{"text": "Webcomics", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Webcomics reach large audiences and new what?", "id": "56e038497aa994140058e3a6", "answers": [{"text": "readers", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With webcomics, readers have access to what?", "id": "56e038497aa994140058e3a7", "answers": [{"text": "archived installments", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Not held back by size limits, webcomics are said to have a what?", "id": "56e038497aa994140058e3a8", "answers": [{"text": "infinite canvas", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Webcomics", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What comics aren't on the Internet?", "id": "5acf8dae77cf76001a685228", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "readers", "answer_start": 105}], "question": "Webcomics reach small audiences and new what?", "id": "5acf8dae77cf76001a685229", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "readers", "answer_start": 105}], "question": "Webcomics reach large audiences and old what?", "id": "5acf8dae77cf76001a68522a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "archived installments", "answer_start": 132}], "question": "With webcomics, readers have no access to what?", "id": "5acf8dae77cf76001a68522b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "infinite canvas", "answer_start": 184}], "question": "Held back by size limits, webcomics are said to have a what?", "id": "5acf8dae77cf76001a68522c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Webcomics are comics that are available on the internet. They are able to reach large audiences, and new readers usually can access archived installments. Webcomics can make use of an infinite canvas\u2014meaning they are not constrained by size or dimensions of a page."}], ["Kajian lintas-budaya komik adalah rumit oleh perbezaan besar makna dan skop kata-kata untuk \"komik\" dalam bahasa yang berbeza. Istilah Perancis untuk komik, band-band yang dipakai (\"strip\") menekankan penggabungan gambar-gambar yang ditarik sebagai faktor penentu, yang dapat membayangkan pengecualian komik fotografi walaupun. Istilah manga digunakan dalam bahasa Jepun untuk menunjukkan semua bentuk komik, kartun, dan karikatur. <> Kata apa yang digunakan di Perancis untuk komik? || bandes dessin\u00e9es <> Kata apa yang digunakan di Jepun untuk komik? || manga <> Apa arti makanan? || strip yang dilukis <> Apakah faktor muktamad dari bandes yang digunakan? || gambar yang ditarik <> Kata apa yang ditolak di Perancis untuk komik? || <> Kata apa yang digunakan di Perancis untuk komedi? || <> Kata apa yang tidak digunakan di Jepun untuk komik? || <> Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan ketidakseimbangan? || <> Apakah faktor-faktor yang tidak pasti pada pesakit? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What word is used in France for comics?", "id": "56e035be7aa994140058e385", "answers": [{"text": "bandes dessin\u00e9es", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What word is used in Japan for comics?", "id": "56e035be7aa994140058e386", "answers": [{"text": "manga", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does bandes dessin\u00e9es mean?", "id": "56e035be7aa994140058e388", "answers": [{"text": "drawn strip", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the definitive factor of bandes dessin\u00e9es?", "id": "56e035be7aa994140058e389", "answers": [{"text": "drawn images", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "bandes dessin\u00e9es", "answer_start": 169}], "question": "What word is rejected in France for comics?", "id": "5acf91a777cf76001a6852ae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "bandes dessin\u00e9es", "answer_start": 169}], "question": "What word is used in France for comedies?", "id": "5acf91a777cf76001a6852af", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "manga", "answer_start": 337}], "question": "What word isn't used in Japan for comics?", "id": "5acf91a777cf76001a6852b0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "drawn strip", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "What doesn't bandes dessin\u00e9es mean?", "id": "5acf91a777cf76001a6852b1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "drawn images", "answer_start": 234}], "question": "What is the non-definitive factor of bandes dessin\u00e9es?", "id": "5acf91a777cf76001a6852b2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Cross-cultural study of comics is complicated by the great difference in meaning and scope of the words for \"comics\" in different languages. The French term for comics, bandes dessin\u00e9es (\"drawn strip\") emphasizes the juxtaposition of drawn images as a defining factor, which can imply the exclusion of even photographic comics. The term manga is used in Japanese to indicate all forms of comics, cartooning, and caricature."}], ["Berikutan kejayaan Le Journal de Mickey (1934-44), majalah komik yang berdedikasi dan album komik penuh warna menjadi saluran utama untuk komik pada pertengahan abad ke-20. Seperti di AS, pada masa itu komik dilihat sebagai kanak-kanak dan ancaman kepada budaya dan celik huruf; pengulas menyatakan bahawa \"tidak ada yang menanggung analisis serius sedikit\", [c] dan komik itu adalah \"sabotaj semua kesenian dan semua literatur\". [d] <> Di Amerika Syarikat pada pertengahan komik abad ke-20 dilihat sebagai risiko kepada budaya dan apa? || melek huruf <> Apa yang dilihat sebagai \"kanak-kanak\" di Amerika Syarikat? || komik <> Komik dipetik sebagai sabotaj seni dan apa? || kesusasteraan <> Di Amerika Syarikat di tengah-tengah komik abad ke-19 dilihat sebagai risiko kebudayaan dan apa? || <> Di Amerika Syarikat di tengah-tengah komik abad ke-20 dilihat sebagai kebanggaan untuk budaya dan apa? || <> Apa yang dilihat sebagai pembacaan canggih di Amerika Syarikat? || <> Komik dipetik sebagai produk seni dan apa? || <> Komik dipetik sebagai sabotaj menulis dan apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In the United States in the middle of the 20th century comics were seen as a risk to culture and what?", "id": "56e031db231d4119001abfb7", "answers": [{"text": "literacy", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was seen as \"infantile\" in the United States?", "id": "56e031db231d4119001abfb8", "answers": [{"text": "comics", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Comics were quoted as a sabotage of art and what?", "id": "56e031db231d4119001abfb9", "answers": [{"text": "literature", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "literacy", "answer_start": 260}], "question": "In the United States in the middle of the 19th century comics were seen as a risk to culture and what?", "id": "5acf860877cf76001a6850b2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "literacy", "answer_start": 260}], "question": "In the United States in the middle of the 20th century comics were seen as a boon to culture and what?", "id": "5acf860877cf76001a6850b3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "comics", "answer_start": 202}], "question": "What was seen as sophisticated reading in the United States?", "id": "5acf860877cf76001a6850b4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "literature", "answer_start": 402}], "question": "Comics were quoted as a product of art and what?", "id": "5acf860877cf76001a6850b5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "literature", "answer_start": 402}], "question": "Comics were quoted as a sabotage of writing and what?", "id": "5acf860877cf76001a6850b6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Following the success of Le Journal de Mickey (1934\u201344), dedicated comics magazines and full-colour comics albums became the primary outlet for comics in the mid-20th century. As in the US, at the time comics were seen as infantile and a threat to culture and literacy; commentators stated that \"none bear up to the slightest serious analysis\",[c] and that comics were \"the sabotage of all art and all literature\".[d]"}], ["Kekecewaan dengan penapisan dan gangguan editorial menyebabkan kumpulan kartunis Pilote menemui orang dewasa yang hanya L'\u00c9cho des savanes pada tahun 1972. Komik berorientasikan dewasa dan eksperimen berkembang pada tahun 1970an, seperti dalam fiksyen sains eksperimen M\u0153bius dan yang lain dalam Pembuat M\u00e9tal, walaupun penerbit utama mengambil alih penerbitan komik-komik dewasa prestij. <> Pilot kartun kecewa dengan penapisan dan apa? || campur tangan editorial <> Bilakah L'\u00c9cho des savanes bermula? || 1972 <> Mlekal adalah genre apa? || fiksyen sains <> Format apa komik dewasa mula diterbitkan? || prestige <> Pilot kartun gembira dengan penapisan dan apa? || <> Pilot pembaca kecewa dengan penapisan dan apa? || <> Bilakah L'\u00c9cho des savanes berakhir? || <> Molekal bukanlah genre apa? || <> Format apa komik kanak-kanak mula disiarkan dalam? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Pilote cartoonists were upset with censorship and what?", "id": "56e032687aa994140058e353", "answers": [{"text": "editorial interference", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was L'\u00c9cho des savanes begun?", "id": "56e032687aa994140058e354", "answers": [{"text": "1972", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "M\u00e9tal hurlant was of what genre?", "id": "56e032687aa994140058e356", "answers": [{"text": "science fiction", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What format did adult comics begin to be published in?", "id": "56e032687aa994140058e357", "answers": [{"text": "prestige", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "editorial interference", "answer_start": 32}], "question": "Pilote cartoonists were happy with censorship and what?", "id": "5acf86e977cf76001a6850ee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "editorial interference", "answer_start": 32}], "question": "Pilote readers were upset with censorship and what?", "id": "5acf86e977cf76001a6850ef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1972", "answer_start": 139}], "question": "When was L'\u00c9cho des savanes ended?", "id": "5acf86e977cf76001a6850f0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "science fiction", "answer_start": 237}], "question": "M\u00e9tal hurlant wasn't of what genre?", "id": "5acf86e977cf76001a6850f1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prestige", "answer_start": 338}], "question": "What format did child comics begin to be published in?", "id": "5acf86e977cf76001a6850f2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Frustration with censorship and editorial interference led to a group of Pilote cartoonists to found the adults-only L'\u00c9cho des savanes in 1972. Adult-oriented and experimental comics flourished in the 1970s, such as in the experimental science fiction of M\u0153bius and others in M\u00e9tal hurlant, even mainstream publishers took to publishing prestige-format adult comics."}], ["Sama seperti masalah mendefinisikan sastera dan filem, tidak ada konsensus yang telah dicapai pada definisi medium komik, dan percubaan definisi dan deskripsi telah menjadi mangsa banyak pengecualian. Teorists seperti T\u00f6pffer, R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner, David Carrier, Alain Rey, dan Lawrence Grove menekankan gabungan teks dan imej, walaupun terdapat contoh komik pantomim yang menonjol sepanjang sejarahnya. Pengkritik lain, seperti Thierry Groensteen dan Scott McCloud, telah menekankan keutamaan urutan imej. Menjelang akhir kurun ke-20, penemuan budaya yang berbeza antara tradisi komik masing-masing, penemuan semula komik awal yang terlupa, dan munculnya bentuk-bentuk baru membuat komik yang menentukan tugas yang lebih rumit. <> Apa yang belum dicapai sejauh menentukan komik yang berkenaan? || konsensus <> R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner dan lain-lain dianggap sebagai komik apa? || Para ahli teori <> Apakah terdapat contoh-contoh penting dalam sejarah komik? || komik pantomim <> Komik-komik komik, seperti McCloud, menegaskan bahawa urutan apa yang harus menjadi utama? || imej <> Berapa lama abad yang lalu melupakan bentuk-bentuk komik yang ditemui semula? || 20 <> Apa yang telah dicapai sejauh menentukan komik? || <> R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner dan yang lain tidak dianggap komik apa? || <> Apa yang tidak terdapat dalam contoh komik dalam sejarah komik? || <> Pengkritik komik, seperti McCloud, menekankan urutan urutan apa yang harus sekunder? || <> Berapa abad yang telah teringat kembali bentuk-bentuk komik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What has not been reached as far as defining comics is concerned?", "id": "56e038cc7aa994140058e3b5", "answers": [{"text": "consensus", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner and others are considered to be comic what?", "id": "56e038cc7aa994140058e3b6", "answers": [{"text": "Theorists", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are there prominent examples of in comic history?", "id": "56e038cc7aa994140058e3b7", "answers": [{"text": "pantomime comics", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Comic critics, such as McCloud, stressed that sequences of what should be primary?", "id": "56e038cc7aa994140058e3b8", "answers": [{"text": "images", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What century had forgotten comic forms rediscovered?", "id": "56e038cc7aa994140058e3b9", "answers": [{"text": "20th", "answer_start": 572}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "consensus", "answer_start": 60}], "question": "What has been reached as far as defining comics is concerned?", "id": "5acf8e7077cf76001a685258", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Theorists", "answer_start": 209}], "question": "R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner and others are not considered to be comic what?", "id": "5acf8e7077cf76001a685259", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pantomime comics", "answer_start": 393}], "question": "What aren't there prominent examples of in comic history?", "id": "5acf8e7077cf76001a68525a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "images", "answer_start": 539}], "question": "Comic critics, such as McCloud, stressed that sequences of what should be secondary?", "id": "5acf8e7077cf76001a68525b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "20th", "answer_start": 572}], "question": "What century had remembered comic forms rediscovered?", "id": "5acf8e7077cf76001a68525c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Similar to the problems of defining literature and film, no consensus has been reached on a definition of the comics medium, and attempted definitions and descriptions have fallen prey to numerous exceptions. Theorists such as T\u00f6pffer, R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner, David Carrier, Alain Rey, and Lawrence Grove emphasize the combination of text and images, though there are prominent examples of pantomime comics throughout its history. Other critics, such as Thierry Groensteen and Scott McCloud, have emphasized the primacy of sequences of images. Towards the close of the 20th century, different cultures' discoveries of each other's comics traditions, the rediscovery of forgotten early comics forms, and the rise of new forms made defining comics a more complicated task."}], ["Kisah-kisah sejarah manga cenderung untuk memfokuskan sama ada pada sejarah baru-baru ini, selepas pasca Perang Dunia II, atau pada percubaan untuk menunjukkan akar yang mendalam pada masa lalu, seperti gulungan gambar Ch\u014dj\u016b-jinbutsu-giga abad ke-12 dan ke-13, atau awal 19 -Curu Hokusai Manga. Tinjauan sejarah pertama komik Jepun pertama ialah Nihon Manga-Shi [i] pada tahun 1924. Seekor kritik Jepun pasca perang kebanyakannya adalah sifat politik sayap kiri hingga penerbitan 1986 untuk Mango Modern Tomofusa Kure: Gambar Lengkap, [ j] yang menekankan politik memihak kepada aspek formal, seperti struktur dan \"tatabahasa\" komik. Bidang kajian manga meningkat dengan cepat, dengan banyak buku mengenai subjek yang muncul pada tahun 1990-an. Teori-teori manga formal telah menumpukan kepada membangunkan \"teori ekspresi manga\", [k] dengan penekanan pada hubungan spatial dalam struktur imej pada halaman, membezakan medium dari filem atau kesusasteraan, di mana aliran waktu adalah pengaturcaraan dasar elemen. Kursus komik belajar telah berkembang di universiti-universiti Jepun, dan Masyarakat Jepun untuk Pengajian dalam Kartun dan Komik (ja) [l] ditubuhkan pada tahun 2001 untuk mempromosikan biasiswa komik. Penerbitan Manga Frederik L. Schodt! Manga! Dunia Komik Jepun pada tahun 1983 menyebabkan penyebaran penggunaan manga perkataan di luar Jepun bermaksud \"komik Jepun\" atau \"komik gaya Jepun\". <> Gambaran keseluruhan sejarah apakah yang dibuat oleh Seiki Hosokibara? || Nihon Manga-Shi <> Kapan Hosokibara mencipta Nihon Manga-Shi? || 1924 <> Apa yang telah dicipta pada tahun 2001 untuk memberi beasiswa komik pelajar? || Masyarakat Jepun untuk Pengajian dalam Kartun dan Komik <> Yang membantu seluruh dunia menggunakan manga perkataan di luar sempadan Jepun? || Frederik L. Schodt <> Apakah penerbitan yang Schodt bertanggungjawab? || Manga! Manga! Dunia Komik Jepun <> Gambaran keseluruhan sejarah apakah yang disangkal oleh Seiki Hosokibara? || <> Bilakah Hosokibara menolak Nihon Manga-Shi? || <> Apa yang telah dimansuhkan pada tahun 2001 untuk memberi biasiswa pelajar komik? || <> Siapa yang membantu seluruh dunia menggunakan manga perkataan di dalam sempadan Jepun? || <> Apakah penerbitan yang Schodt tidak bertanggungjawab? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which historical overview did Seiki Hosokibara create?", "id": "56e033fc7aa994140058e35d", "answers": [{"text": "Nihon Manga-Shi", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Hosokibara create Nihon Manga-Shi?", "id": "56e033fc7aa994140058e35e", "answers": [{"text": "1924", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was created in 2001 to give students comic scholarships?", "id": "56e033fc7aa994140058e35f", "answers": [{"text": "Japan Society for Studies in Cartoon and Comics", "answer_start": 1079}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who helped the rest of the world use the word manga outside of Japan's borders?", "id": "56e033fc7aa994140058e360", "answers": [{"text": "Frederik L. Schodt", "answer_start": 1209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What publication is Schodt responsible for?", "id": "56e033fc7aa994140058e361", "answers": [{"text": "Manga! Manga! The World of Japanese Comics", "answer_start": 1230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nihon Manga-Shi", "answer_start": 336}], "question": "Which historical overview did Seiki Hosokibara reject?", "id": "5acf90a577cf76001a685292", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1924", "answer_start": 358}], "question": "When did Hosokibara reject Nihon Manga-Shi?", "id": "5acf90a577cf76001a685293", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Japan Society for Studies in Cartoon and Comics", "answer_start": 1079}], "question": "What was abolished in 2001 to give students comic scholarships?", "id": "5acf90a577cf76001a685294", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Frederik L. Schodt", "answer_start": 1209}], "question": "Who helped the rest of the world use the word manga inside of Japan's borders?", "id": "5acf90a577cf76001a685295", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Manga! Manga! The World of Japanese Comics", "answer_start": 1230}], "question": "What publication is Schodt not responsible for?", "id": "5acf90a577cf76001a685296", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Historical narratives of manga tend to focus either on its recent, post-WWII history, or on attempts to demonstrates deep roots in the past, such as to the Ch\u014dj\u016b-jinbutsu-giga picture scroll of the 12th and 13th centuries, or the early 19th-century Hokusai Manga. The first historical overview of Japanese comics was Seiki Hosokibara's Nihon Manga-Shi[i] in 1924. Early post-war Japanese criticism was mostly of a left-wing political nature until the 1986 publication for Tomofusa Kure's Modern Manga: The Complete Picture,[j] which de-emphasized politics in favour of formal aspects, such as structure and a \"grammar\" of comics. The field of manga studies increased rapidly, with numerous books on the subject appearing in the 1990s. Formal theories of manga have focused on developing a \"manga expression theory\",[k] with emphasis on spatial relationships in the structure of images on the page, distinguishing the medium from film or literature, in which the flow of time is the basic organizing element. Comics studies courses have proliferated at Japanese universities, and Japan Society for Studies in Cartoon and Comics (ja)[l] was established in 2001 to promote comics scholarship. The publication of Frederik L. Schodt's Manga! Manga! The World of Japanese Comics in 1983 led to the spread of use of the word manga outside Japan to mean \"Japanese comics\" or \"Japanese-style comics\"."}], ["Kajian komik Eropah bermula dengan teori T\u00f6pffer mengenai karya sendiri pada tahun 1840-an, yang menekankan peralihan panel dan kombinasi visual-verbal. Tiada kemajuan selanjutnya dibuat sehingga tahun 1970-an. Pierre Fresnault-Deruelle kemudian mengambil pendekatan semiotika untuk mengkaji komik, menganalisis hubungan imej teks, hubungan imej peringkat halaman, dan kecenderungan imej, atau apa yang Scott McCloud kemudian menggelar \"penutupan\". Pada tahun 1987, Henri Vanlier memperkenalkan istilah multikadre, atau \"multiframe\", untuk merujuk kepada komik sebagai halaman sebagai unit semantik. Menjelang tahun 1990-an, para ahli teori seperti Beno\u00eet Peeters dan Thierry Groensteen mengalihkan perhatian kepada pilihan kreatif artis-artis seniman. Thierry Smolderen dan Harry Morgan telah mengadakan pandangan relativistik mengenai definisi komik, sebuah medium yang telah mengambil pelbagai, bentuk yang sama sekali berlaku dalam sejarahnya. Morgan melihat komik sebagai subset dari \"les litt\u00e9ratures dessin\u00e9es\" (atau \"literatur yang ditarik\"). Teori Perancis telah datang untuk memberikan perhatian khusus kepada halaman, dengan perbezaan dari teori-teori Amerika seperti McCloud yang memberi tumpuan kepada peralihan panel-ke-panel. Sejak pertengahan tahun 2000-an, Neil Cohn telah mula menganalisis bagaimana komik difahami menggunakan alat-alat dari sains kognitif, memperluas teori dengan menggunakan eksperimen psikologi dan neurosains yang sebenar. Kerja-kerja ini telah mendakwa bahawa imej-imej yang berurutan dan susun atur halaman kedua-duanya menggunakan \"tatabahasa\" terikat yang berasingan untuk difahami yang melampaui peralihan panel-ke-panel dan perbezaan kategori jenis susun atur, dan pemahaman otak komik adalah serupa dengan pemahaman domain lain, seperti bahasa dan muzik. <> Pada tahun 1840-an, T\u00f6pffer menulis teori tentang pekerjaannya? || Nya sendiri <> Siapa yang memperkenalkan istilah \"multiframe\"? || Henri Vanlier <> Siapa yang menggunakan kaedah semiotik untuk mengkaji komik pada tahun 1970-an? || Pierre Fresnault-Deruelle <> Siapa yang menggunakan sains kognitif untuk belajar bagaimana orang memahami komik? || Neil Cohn <> Pada tahun 1940-an, T\u00f6pffer menulis teori tentang pekerjaannya? || <> Siapa yang menolak istilah \"multiframe\"? || <> Siapa yang tidak pernah menggunakan kaedah semiotik untuk mengkaji komik pada tahun 1970an || <> Siapa yang menggunakan kaedah semiotik untuk mengkaji komik pada tahun 1980an || <> Siapa yang menggunakan sains kognitif untuk mempelajari bagaimana anjing memahami komik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In the 1840s, T\u00f6pffer wrote theories about whose work?", "id": "56e039097aa994140058e3bf", "answers": [{"text": "his own", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who introduced the term \"multiframe\"?", "id": "56e039097aa994140058e3c0", "answers": [{"text": "Henri Vanlier", "answer_start": 423}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who used a semiotics method to study comics in the 1970s?", "id": "56e039097aa994140058e3c2", "answers": [{"text": "Pierre Fresnault-Deruelle", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who used cognitive science to learn how people understand comics?", "id": "56e039097aa994140058e3c3", "answers": [{"text": "Neil Cohn", "answer_start": 1096}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "his own", "answer_start": 57}], "question": "In the 1940s, T\u00f6pffer wrote theories about whose work?", "id": "5acf902777cf76001a685288", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Henri Vanlier", "answer_start": 423}], "question": "Who rejected the term \"multiframe\"?", "id": "5acf902777cf76001a685289", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pierre Fresnault-Deruelle", "answer_start": 200}], "question": "Who never used a semiotics method to study comics in the 1970s", "id": "5acf902777cf76001a68528a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pierre Fresnault-Deruelle", "answer_start": 200}], "question": "Who used a semiotics method to study comics in the 1980s", "id": "5acf902777cf76001a68528b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Neil Cohn", "answer_start": 1096}], "question": "Who used cognitive science to learn how dogs understand comics?", "id": "5acf902777cf76001a68528c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "European comics studies began with T\u00f6pffer's theories of his own work in the 1840s, which emphasized panel transitions and the visual\u2013verbal combination. No further progress was made until the 1970s. Pierre Fresnault-Deruelle then took a semiotics approach to the study of comics, analyzing text\u2013image relations, page-level image relations, and image discontinuities, or what Scott McCloud later dubbed \"closure\". In 1987, Henri Vanlier introduced the term multicadre, or \"multiframe\", to refer to the comics a page as a semantic unit. By the 1990s, theorists such as Beno\u00eet Peeters and Thierry Groensteen turned attention to artists' po\u00efetic creative choices. Thierry Smolderen and Harry Morgan have held relativistic views of the definition of comics, a medium that has taken various, equally valid forms over its history. Morgan sees comics as a subset of \"les litt\u00e9ratures dessin\u00e9es\" (or \"drawn literatures\"). French theory has come to give special attention to the page, in distinction from American theories such as McCloud's which focus on panel-to-panel transitions. Since the mid-2000s, Neil Cohn has begun analyzing how comics are understood using tools from cognitive science, extending beyond theory by using actual psychological and neuroscience experiments. This work has argued that sequential images and page layouts both use separate rule-bound \"grammars\" to be understood that extend beyond panel-to-panel transitions and categorical distinctions of types of layouts, and that the brain's comprehension of comics is similar to comprehending other domains, such as language and music."}], ["Coulton Waugh mencuba sejarah komprehensif pertama komik Amerika dengan The Comics (1947). Akan Komik Eisner dan Seni Sequential (1985) dan Scott McCloud's Memahami Komik (1993) adalah percubaan awal dalam Bahasa Inggeris untuk merumuskan kajian komik. The Aesthetics of Comics (2000) David Carrier adalah rawatan penuh komik pertama dari perspektif falsafah. Percubaan Amerika yang terkenal dengan definisi komik termasuk Eisner's, McCloud's, dan Harvey's. Eisner menggambarkan apa yang dipanggil \"seni berturut-turut\" sebagai \"susunan gambar atau imej dan kata-kata untuk menceritakan kisah atau menyusun idea\"; Scott McCloud mendefinisikan komik \"menggabungkan gambar bergambar dan lain-lain dalam urutan yang disengajakan, bertujuan untuk menyampaikan maklumat dan / atau menghasilkan tindak balas estetik di penonton\", definisi yang sangat formal yang memisahkan komik dari ramalan sejarah dan kebudayaannya. R. C. Harvey ditakrifkan sebagai komik \"naratif bergambar atau eksposisi di mana kata-kata (sering ditulis di dalam kawasan gambar dalam belon ucapan) biasanya menyumbang kepada makna gambar dan sebaliknya\". Setiap definisi mempunyai pengkritiknya. Harvey melihat definisi McCloud sebagai tidak termasuk kartun panel tunggal, dan menentang unsur-unsur lisan yang menekankan McCloud, menegaskan \"ciri penting komik adalah penggabungan kandungan lisan\". Aaron Meskin menyaksikan teori McCloud sebagai percubaan tiruan untuk mengesahkan tempat komik dalam sejarah seni. <> Siapa yang menyusun sejarah komik Amerika pada tahun 1947? || Coulton Waugh <> Apa nama kerja Waugh? || The Comics <> Who created a book about komiks dari sudut pandangan falsafah? || David Carrier <> Apa buku yang dibuat Will Eisner pada tahun 1985? || Comics and Sequential Art <> Siapa yang menyusun sejarah komik Amerika pada tahun 1974? || <> Siapa yang tidak menyusun sejarah komik Amerika pada tahun 1947? || <> Apa yang bukan nama kerja Waugh? || <> Siapa yang membuat buku tentang komik dari sudut pandangan biografi? || <> Apa buku yang dibuat oleh Will Eisner pada tahun 1958? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who put together a history of American comics in 1947?", "id": "56e0353d7aa994140058e371", "answers": [{"text": "Coulton Waugh", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Waugh's work?", "id": "56e0353d7aa994140058e372", "answers": [{"text": "The Comics", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created a book about comics from a philosophical point of view?", "id": "56e0353d7aa994140058e373", "answers": [{"text": "David Carrier", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What book did Will Eisner create in 1985?", "id": "56e0353d7aa994140058e375", "answers": [{"text": "Comics and Sequential Art", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Coulton Waugh", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who put together a history of American comics in 1974?", "id": "5acf915177cf76001a6852a4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Coulton Waugh", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who didn't put together a history of American comics in 1947?", "id": "5acf915177cf76001a6852a5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Comics", "answer_start": 80}], "question": "What wasn't the name of Waugh's work?", "id": "5acf915177cf76001a6852a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "David Carrier", "answer_start": 259}], "question": "Who created a book about comics from a biographical point of view?", "id": "5acf915177cf76001a6852a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Comics and Sequential Art", "answer_start": 113}], "question": "What book did Will Eisner create in 1958?", "id": "5acf915177cf76001a6852a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Coulton Waugh attempted the first comprehensive history of American comics with The Comics (1947). Will Eisner's Comics and Sequential Art (1985) and Scott McCloud's Understanding Comics (1993) were early attempts in English to formalize the study of comics. David Carrier's The Aesthetics of Comics (2000) was the first full-length treatment of comics from a philosophical perspective. Prominent American attempts at definitions of comics include Eisner's, McCloud's, and Harvey's. Eisner described what he called \"sequential art\" as \"the arrangement of pictures or images and words to narrate a story or dramatize an idea\"; Scott McCloud defined comics \"juxtaposed pictorial and other images in deliberate sequence, intended to convey information and/or to produce an aesthetic response in the viewer\", a strictly formal definition which detached comics from its historical and cultural trappings. R. C. Harvey defined comics as \"pictorial narratives or expositions in which words (often lettered into the picture area within speech balloons) usually contribute to the meaning of the pictures and vice versa\". Each definition has had its detractors. Harvey saw McCloud's definition as excluding single-panel cartoons, and objected to McCloud's de-emphasizing verbal elements, insisting \"the essential characteristic of comics is the incorporation of verbal content\". Aaron Meskin saw McCloud's theories as an artificial attempt to legitimize the place of comics in art history."}], ["Cartooning paling kerap digunakan dalam membuat komik, secara tradisinya menggunakan dakwat (terutamanya dakwat India) dengan dip pen atau berus dakwat; media campuran dan teknologi digital telah menjadi biasa. Teknik kartun seperti garis gerak dan simbol abstrak sering digunakan. <> Apa jenis dakwat yang sering digunakan dalam membuat komik? || India dakwat <> Kaedah apa yang kebanyakan digunakan dalam membuat komik? || Cartooning <> Media bercampur dan apa lagi yang menjadi popular untuk membuat komik? || teknologi digital <> Alur pergerakan dan apa yang sering digunakan dalam komik? || simbol abstrak <> Jenis tinta apa yang tidak pernah digunakan dalam membuat komik? || <> Apa jenis dakwat yang sering digunakan dalam membuat komedi? || <> Kaedah apa yang paling kurang digunakan dalam membuat komik? || <> Media bercampur dan apa lagi yang tidak popular untuk membuat komik? || <> Garis pergerakan dan apa yang tidak pernah digunakan dalam komik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of ink is often used in making comics?", "id": "56e03cc27aa994140058e3f7", "answers": [{"text": "India ink", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What method is mostly used in making comics?", "id": "56e03cc27aa994140058e3f8", "answers": [{"text": "Cartooning", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Mixed media and what else are becoming popular for making comics?", "id": "56e03cc27aa994140058e3f9", "answers": [{"text": "digital technology", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Motion lines and what are often used in comics?", "id": "56e03cc27aa994140058e3fa", "answers": [{"text": "abstract symbols", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "India ink", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "What type of ink is never used in making comics?", "id": "5acf940d77cf76001a685324", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "India ink", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "What type of ink is often used in making comedies?", "id": "5acf940d77cf76001a685325", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cartooning", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What method is least used in making comics?", "id": "5acf940d77cf76001a685326", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "digital technology", "answer_start": 146}], "question": "Mixed media and what else are becoming unpopular for making comics?", "id": "5acf940d77cf76001a685327", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "abstract symbols", "answer_start": 232}], "question": "Motion lines and what are never used in comics?", "id": "5acf940d77cf76001a685328", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Cartooning is most frequently used in making comics, traditionally using ink (especially India ink) with dip pens or ink brushes; mixed media and digital technology have become common. Cartooning techniques such as motion lines and abstract symbols are often employed."}], ["Istilah komik merujuk kepada medium komik apabila digunakan sebagai kata nama tak terhitung dan dengan demikian mengambil bentuk tunggal: \"komik adalah medium\" daripada \"komik adalah medium\". Apabila komik muncul sebagai kata nama yang boleh dinilaikan ia merujuk kepada contoh medium, seperti jalur komik individu atau buku komik: \"Komik Tom berada di ruangan bawah tanah.\" <> Istilah komedi merujuk kepada apa? || <> Komik istilah tidak merujuk kepada apa? || <> Apabila komik muncul sebagai kata kerja yang boleh dihitung ia merujuk kepada apa? || <> Apabila komedi muncul sebagai kata nama yang boleh dinilaikan ia merujuk kepada apa? || <> Apabila komik tidak muncul sebagai kata nama yang boleh dinilaikan ia merujuk kepada apa? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "comics medium", "answer_start": 30}], "question": "The term comedies refers to what?", "id": "5acf92b877cf76001a6852e8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "comics medium", "answer_start": 30}], "question": "The term comics doesn't refer to what?", "id": "5acf92b877cf76001a6852e9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "instances of the medium", "answer_start": 214}], "question": "When comic appears as a countable verb it refers to what?", "id": "5acf92b877cf76001a6852ea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "instances of the medium", "answer_start": 214}], "question": "When comedies appears as a countable noun it refers to what?", "id": "5acf92b877cf76001a6852eb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "instances of the medium", "answer_start": 214}], "question": "When comic doesn't appear as a countable noun it refers to what?", "id": "5acf92b877cf76001a6852ec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The term comics refers to the comics medium when used as an uncountable noun and thus takes the singular: \"comics is a medium\" rather than \"comics are a medium\". When comic appears as a countable noun it refers to instances of the medium, such as individual comic strips or comic books: \"Tom's comics are in the basement.\""}], ["Teks sering dimasukkan ke dalam komik melalui belon ucapan, kapsyen, dan kesan bunyi. Belon ucapan menunjukkan dialog (atau berfikir, dalam hal belon pemikiran), dengan ekor menunjuk pada penceramah masing-masing. Kapsyen boleh memberi suara kepada narator, menyampaikan dialog atau pemikiran watak, atau menunjukkan tempat atau masa. Belon ucapan sendiri sangat dikaitkan dengan komik, supaya penambahan satu pada imej cukup untuk mengubah imej menjadi komik. Kesan bunyi meniru bunyi tanpa suara secara tekstual menggunakan suara-kata onomatopoeia. <> Apa hubungan dengan komik yang kuat? || Belon ucapan <> Kehadiran belon ucapan tunggal dalam imej menjadikannya apa? || komik <> Apakah jenis perkataan yang digunakan untuk melakukan kesan bunyi dalam komik? || onomatopoeia <> Apa hubungan dengan komik lemah? || <> Apa pemisahan dengan komik yang kuat? || <> Kehadiran belon ucapan ganda dalam imej menjadikannya apa? || <> Kehadiran belon ucapan tunggal dalam imej menjadikannya apa? || <> Jenis perkataan apa yang digunakan untuk melakukan kesan perkataan dalam komik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What association with comics is strong?", "id": "56e03c7e231d4119001ac00b", "answers": [{"text": "Speech balloons", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The presence of a single speech balloon in an image turns it into what?", "id": "56e03c7e231d4119001ac00c", "answers": [{"text": "comics", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of words are used to do sound effects in comics?", "id": "56e03c7e231d4119001ac00d", "answers": [{"text": "onomatopoeia", "answer_start": 536}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Speech balloons", "answer_start": 332}], "question": "What association with comics is weak?", "id": "5acf93b577cf76001a685306", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Speech balloons", "answer_start": 332}], "question": "What disassociation with comics is strong?", "id": "5acf93b577cf76001a685307", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "comics", "answer_start": 475}], "question": "The presence of a double speech balloon in an image turns it into what?", "id": "5acf93b577cf76001a685308", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "comics", "answer_start": 475}], "question": "The non-presence of a single speech balloon in an image turns it into what?", "id": "5acf93b577cf76001a685309", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "onomatopoeia", "answer_start": 536}], "question": "What type of words are used to do word effects in comics?", "id": "5acf93b577cf76001a68530a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Text is frequently incorporated into comics via speech balloons, captions, and sound effects. Speech balloons indicate dialogue (or thought, in the case of thought balloons), with tails pointing at their respective speakers. Captions can give voice to a narrator, convey characters' dialogue or thoughts, or indicate place or time. Speech balloons themselves are strongly associated with comics, such that the addition of one to an image is sufficient to turn the image into comics. Sound effects mimic non-vocal sounds textually using onomatopoeia sound-words."}], ["Banyak budaya telah mengambil kata-kata mereka untuk komik dari bahasa Inggeris, termasuk Rusia (Rusia: Komik, komiks) dan Jerman (komik). Begitu juga, istilah Cina manhua dan manhwa Korea berasal dari watak-watak Cina yang mana istilah manga Jepun ditulis. <> Apa perkataan Rusia digunakan untuk komik? || komiks <> Apa perkataan Jerman digunakan untuk komik? || komik <> Apa perkataan Cina berasal dari manga perkataan Jepun? || manhua <> Apa perkataan Korea berasal dari perkataan Jepun untuk manga? || manhwa <> Apa perkataan Rusia tidak digunakan untuk komik? || <> Apa perkataan Prussian digunakan untuk komik? || <> Apa perkataan Jerman tidak digunakan untuk komik? || <> Apa perkataan Cina tidak berasal dari manga perkataan Jepun? || <> Apa perkataan Korea tidak berasal dari perkataan Jepun untuk manga? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What Russian word is used for comics?", "id": "56e039947aa994140058e3d3", "answers": [{"text": "komiks", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What German word is used for comics?", "id": "56e039947aa994140058e3d4", "answers": [{"text": "comics", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Chinese word was derived from the Japanese word manga?", "id": "56e039947aa994140058e3d5", "answers": [{"text": "manhua", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Korean word was derived from the Japanese word for manga?", "id": "56e039947aa994140058e3d6", "answers": [{"text": "manhwa", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "komiks", "answer_start": 98}], "question": "What Russian word isn't used for comics?", "id": "5acf95a777cf76001a685380", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0441, komiks", "answer_start": 90}], "question": "What Prussian word is used for comics?", "id": "5acf95a777cf76001a685381", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "comic", "answer_start": 118}], "question": "What German word isn't used for comics?", "id": "5acf95a777cf76001a685382", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "manhua", "answer_start": 154}], "question": "What Chinese word wasn't derived from the Japanese word manga?", "id": "5acf95a777cf76001a685383", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "manhwa", "answer_start": 176}], "question": "What Korean word wasn't derived from the Japanese word for manga?", "id": "5acf95a777cf76001a685384", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Many cultures have taken their words for comics from English, including Russian (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0441, komiks) and German (comic). Similarly, the Chinese term manhua and the Korean manhwa derive from the Chinese characters with which the Japanese term manga is written."}], ["Panel adalah imej individu yang mengandungi segmen tindakan, sering dikelilingi oleh sempadan. Momen utama dalam naratif dipecahkan ke dalam panel melalui proses yang disebut encapsulation. Pembaca meletakkan kepingan bersama menerusi proses penutupan dengan menggunakan pengetahuan latar belakang dan pemahaman hubungan panel untuk menggabungkan panel secara mental ke dalam peristiwa. Saiz, bentuk, dan susunan panel masing-masing memberi kesan kepada masa dan pacing naratif. Kandungan panel mungkin tidak segerak, dengan peristiwa yang digambarkan dalam imej yang sama tidak semestinya berlaku pada masa yang sama. <> Apakah imej individu dengan tindakan yang dipanggil dalam komik? || Panel <> Naratif diletakkan di dalam panel menggunakan apa? || enkapsulasi <> Siapa yang meletakkan panel bersama menggunakan penutupan? || Pembaca <> Masa dan kadar komik dibuat dengan menyesuaikan saiz, bentuk dan apa panel? || susunan <> Apabila panel komik mempunyai peristiwa yang tidak pada masa yang sama panel dianggap sebagai apa? || asynchronous <> Apakah pelbagai imej dengan tindakan yang dipanggil dalam komik? || <> Naratif tidak dimasukkan ke dalam panel menggunakan apa? || <> Siapa yang memisahkan panel menggunakan penutupan? || <> Masa dan kadar komik dibuat dengan tidak menyesuaikan saiz, bentuk dan panel apa? || <> Apabila panel komik mempunyai peristiwa yang pada masa yang sama panel dianggap sebagai apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the individual images with action called in comics?", "id": "56e03c3c7aa994140058e3ed", "answers": [{"text": "Panels", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Narrative is placed into panels using what?", "id": "56e03c3c7aa994140058e3ee", "answers": [{"text": "encapsulation", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who puts the panels together using closure?", "id": "56e03c3c7aa994140058e3ef", "answers": [{"text": "The reader", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Timing and pace of comics is made by adjusting size, shape and what of panels?", "id": "56e03c3c7aa994140058e3f0", "answers": [{"text": "arrangement", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When a comic panel has events that are not at the same time the panel is considered to be what?", "id": "56e03c3c7aa994140058e3f1", "answers": [{"text": "asynchronous", "answer_start": 483}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Panels", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What are the multiple images with action called in comics?", "id": "5acf933f77cf76001a6852f2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "encapsulation", "answer_start": 169}], "question": "Narrative isn't placed into panels using what?", "id": "5acf933f77cf76001a6852f3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The reader", "answer_start": 184}], "question": "Who takes the panels apart using closure?", "id": "5acf933f77cf76001a6852f4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "arrangement", "answer_start": 378}], "question": "Timing and pace of comics is made by not adjusting size, shape and what of panels?", "id": "5acf933f77cf76001a6852f5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "asynchronous", "answer_start": 483}], "question": "When a comic panel has events that are at the same time the panel is considered to be what?", "id": "5acf933f77cf76001a6852f6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Panels are individual images containing a segment of action, often surrounded by a border. Prime moments in a narrative are broken down into panels via a process called encapsulation. The reader puts the pieces together via the process of closure by using background knowledge and an understanding of panel relations to combine panels mentally into events. The size, shape, and arrangement of panels each affect the timing and pacing of the narrative. The contents of a panel may be asynchronous, with events depicted in the same image not necessarily occurring at the same time."}], ["Walaupun komik seringkali kerja pencipta tunggal, buruh membuatnya sering dibahagikan antara beberapa pakar. Mungkin terdapat penulis dan seniman yang tersendiri, dan para artis boleh mengkhususkan diri di bahagian karya seni seperti watak atau latar belakang, seperti biasa di Jepang. Terutama dalam buku-buku komik superhero Amerika, seni itu boleh dibahagikan antara penciller, yang memaparkan karya seni dalam pensil; seorang inker, yang menamatkan karya seni dalam dakwat; penukar warna; dan surat, yang menambah kapsyen dan belon ucapan. <> Walaupun satu orang biasanya mencipta komik, biasanya terdapat sejumlah yang terlibat dalam merancangnya? || pakar <> Apa yang dipanggil orang yang melakukan kerja pensil awal untuk karya seni? || penciller <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh inker? || menyelesaikan karya seni dalam dakwat <> Walaupun satu orang selalu mencipta komik, biasanya ada sejumlah yang terlibat dalam merancangnya? || <> Apa yang dipanggil orang yang tidak melakukan kerja pensil awal untuk karya seni itu? || <> Apa yang dipanggil orang yang melakukan pena permulaan untuk karya seni? || <> Apa yang dilakukan penaut? || <> Apa yang tidak inker lakukan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Though one person typically creates the comic, there are usually a number of what involved in actually designing it?", "id": "56e03b7f7aa994140058e3e4", "answers": [{"text": "specialists", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a person called who does the initial pencil work for the artwork?", "id": "56e03b7f7aa994140058e3e5", "answers": [{"text": "penciller", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does an inker do?", "id": "56e03b7f7aa994140058e3e6", "answers": [{"text": "finishes the artwork in ink", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "specialists", "answer_start": 121}], "question": "Though one person always creates the comic, there are usually a number of what involved in actually designing it?", "id": "5acf950277cf76001a685352", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "penciller", "answer_start": 367}], "question": "What is a person called who doesn't do the initial pencil work for the artwork?", "id": "5acf950277cf76001a685353", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "penciller", "answer_start": 367}], "question": "What is a person called who does the initial pen work for the artwork?", "id": "5acf950277cf76001a685354", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "finishes the artwork in ink", "answer_start": 428}], "question": "What does an linker do?", "id": "5acf950277cf76001a685355", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "finishes the artwork in ink", "answer_start": 428}], "question": "What doesn't an inker do?", "id": "5acf950277cf76001a685356", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "While comics are often the work of a single creator, the labour of making them is frequently divided between a number of specialists. There may be separate writers and artists, and artists may specialize in parts of the artwork such as characters or backgrounds, as is common in Japan. Particularly in American superhero comic books, the art may be divided between a penciller, who lays out the artwork in pencil; an inker, who finishes the artwork in ink; a colourist; and a letterer, who adds the captions and speech balloons."}], ["Komik istilah Inggeris berasal dari kerja lucu (atau \"komik\") yang didominasi di komik akhbar awal Amerika; Penggunaan istilah ini menjadi standard bagi kerja-kerja yang tidak lucu juga. Istilah \"buku komik\" mempunyai sejarah yang sama membingungkan: mereka sering tidak lucu; dan tidak pula buku-buku biasa, tetapi agak berkala. Adalah umum dalam bahasa Inggeris untuk merujuk kepada komik-komik budaya yang berbeza dengan istilah-istilah yang digunakan dalam bahasa asalnya, seperti manga untuk komik Jepun, atau pelukis untuk komik Franco-Belgian-bahasa Perancis. <> Kata komik berasal dari kepingan lucu yang dijumpai di mana? || Strip komik akhbar <> Komik digunakan untuk apa jenis kerja lain selain kerja lucu? || bukan comorous <> Buku komik adalah jenis buku apa? || berkala <> Apakah istilah Inggeris menggunakan komik dari Jepun? || manga <> Apakah istilah Inggeris menggunakan komik yang keluar dari Belgium? || bandes dessin\u00e9es <> Komik perkataan berasal dari kepingan yang tidak diketahui di mana? || <> Comic digunakan untuk apa jenis pekerjaan yang lain terutama kerja lucu? || <> Buku komik bukanlah jenis buku apa? || <> Apakah istilah Perancis menggunakan komik itu keluar dari Jepun? || <> Apakah istilah Inggeris menggunakan komik yang tidak keluar dari bahasa Belgia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The word comic comes from the humorous pieces found where?", "id": "56e03ae1231d4119001abfff", "answers": [{"text": "newspaper comic strips", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Comic is used for what other kind of work other than humorous works?", "id": "56e03ae1231d4119001ac000", "answers": [{"text": "non-humorous", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Comic books are what type of books?", "id": "56e03ae1231d4119001ac001", "answers": [{"text": "periodicals", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term that the English use for the comics out of Japan?", "id": "56e03ae1231d4119001ac002", "answers": [{"text": "manga", "answer_start": 466}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term that the English use for the comics that come out of Belgian?", "id": "56e03ae1231d4119001ac003", "answers": [{"text": "bandes dessin\u00e9es", "answer_start": 496}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "newspaper comic strips", "answer_start": 105}], "question": "The word comic comes from the nonhumorous pieces found where?", "id": "5acf955a77cf76001a68536c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "non-humorous", "answer_start": 171}], "question": "Comic is used for what other kind of work especially humorous works?", "id": "5acf955a77cf76001a68536d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "periodicals", "answer_start": 329}], "question": "Comic books aren't what type of books?", "id": "5acf955a77cf76001a68536e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "manga", "answer_start": 466}], "question": "What is the term that the French use for the comics out of Japan?", "id": "5acf955a77cf76001a68536f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "bandes dessin\u00e9es", "answer_start": 496}], "question": "What is the term that the English use for the comics that don't come out of Belgian?", "id": "5acf955a77cf76001a685370", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The English term comics derives from the humorous (or \"comic\") work which predominated in early American newspaper comic strips; usage of the term has become standard for non-humorous works as well. The term \"comic book\" has a similarly confusing history: they are most often not humorous; nor are they regular books, but rather periodicals. It is common in English to refer to the comics of different cultures by the terms used in their original languages, such as manga for Japanese comics, or bandes dessin\u00e9es for French-language Franco-Belgian comics."}]], [["Republik Belanda secara rasmi membuat tuntutan ke Saint Helena pada tahun 1633, walaupun tidak ada bukti bahawa mereka pernah menduduki, menjajah atau memperkuatnya. Menjelang tahun 1651, Belanda telah meninggalkan pulau itu memihak kepada koloni mereka di Cape of Good Hope. <> Yang mendakwa Saint Helena pada tahun 1633? || The Dutch Republic <> Tahun apakah Belanda meninggalkan pulau itu? || 1651 <> Tanah jajahan mana yang ditinggalkan Belanda untuk pulau tersebut? || Cape of Good Hope.", {"qas": [{"question": "Who claimed Saint Helena in 1633?", "id": "56e02d8d231d4119001abf89", "answers": [{"text": "The Dutch Republic", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the Dutch abandon the island?", "id": "56e02d8d231d4119001abf8a", "answers": [{"text": "1651", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which colony did the Dutch abandon the island for?", "id": "56e02d8d231d4119001abf8b", "answers": [{"text": "Cape of Good Hope.", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Dutch Republic formally made claim to Saint Helena in 1633, although there is no evidence that they ever occupied, colonised or fortified it. By 1651, the Dutch had mainly abandoned the island in favour of their colony at the Cape of Good Hope."}], ["Antara 1791 dan 1833, Saint Helena menjadi tapak siri eksperimen dalam pemuliharaan, penanaman semula hutan dan percubaan untuk meningkatkan hujan secara buatan. Campur tangan lingkungan ini berkait rapat dengan konseptualisasi proses perubahan lingkungan dan membantu membentuk akar lingkungan. <> Akar apa yang ditubuhkan di Saint Helena? || alam sekitar <> Apa yang dilakukan saintis untuk menaikkan secara artifisial di Saint Helena? || hujan <> Intervensi alam sekitar dikaitkan dengan konseptualisasi proses apa? || perubahan alam sekitar", {"qas": [{"question": "The roots of what were established on Saint Helena?", "id": "56e029737aa994140058e2d7", "answers": [{"text": "environmentalism", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did scientists attempt to boost artificially on Saint Helena?", "id": "56e029737aa994140058e2d8", "answers": [{"text": "rainfall", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The environmental intervention was linked to the conceptualization of what process?", "id": "56e029737aa994140058e2d9", "answers": [{"text": "environmental change", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Between 1791 and 1833, Saint Helena became the site of a series of experiments in conservation, reforestation and attempts to boost rainfall artificially. This environmental intervention was closely linked to the conceptualisation of the processes of environmental change and helped establish the roots of environmentalism."}], ["Pulau ini tidak didiami apabila ditemui oleh orang Portugis pada tahun 1502. Salah satu pulau terpencil di dunia, adalah selama berabad-abad persinggahan penting bagi kapal-kapal berlayar ke Eropah dari Asia dan Afrika Selatan. Napoleon telah dipenjarakan di dalam pengasingan oleh British, seperti Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo (untuk mengetuai pasukan Zulu melawan pemerintahan British) dan lebih daripada 5,000 Boers diambil tahanan semasa Perang Boer Kedua. <> Bilakah pulau itu ditemui? || 1502 <> Berapa banyak Boers telah ditawan semasa Perang Boer Kedua? || lebih daripada 5,000 <> Mengapa Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo dipenjarakan di pulau itu? || memimpin tentera Zulu melawan pemerintahan British", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the island discovered?", "id": "56e0285a231d4119001abf63", "answers": [{"text": "1502", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Boers were taken prisoner during the Second Boer War?", "id": "56e0285a231d4119001abf64", "answers": [{"text": "more than 5,000", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why was Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo imprisoned on the island?", "id": "56e0285a231d4119001abf66", "answers": [{"text": "leading a Zulu army against British rule", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The island was uninhabited when discovered by the Portuguese in 1502. One of the most remote islands in the world, it was for centuries an important stopover for ships sailing to Europe from Asia and South Africa. Napoleon was imprisoned there in exile by the British, as were Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo (for leading a Zulu army against British rule) and more than 5,000 Boers taken prisoner during the Second Boer War."}], ["Orang Portugis mendapati pulau ini tidak berpenghuni, dengan banyaknya pokok dan air tawar. Mereka mengimport ternakan, pokok buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran, dan membina sebuah gereja dan satu atau dua buah rumah. Walaupun mereka tidak membentuk penempatan yang tetap, pulau itu merupakan titik pertemuan penting dan sumber makanan untuk kapal-kapal yang bergerak dari Asia ke Eropah, dan sering pelaut marin ditinggalkan di pulau itu untuk pulih, sebelum mengambil laluan kapal seterusnya untuk memanggil pulau itu . <> Apa pulau itu mempunyai banyak apabila ditemui? || pokok-pokok dan air tawar. <> Apa yang diimport oleh peneroka pulau itu? || ternakan, pokok buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran <> Apakah jenis bangunan yang dibina oleh peneroka? || sebuah gereja dan satu atau dua buah rumah. <> Siapa yang ditinggalkan di pulau itu untuk pulih ketika sakit? || pelaut <> Apa pulau itu menjadi sumber untuk kapal-kapal yang bergerak dari Asia ke Eropah? || makanan", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the island have an abundance of when discovered?", "id": "56e02b8a7aa994140058e2ef", "answers": [{"text": "trees and fresh water.", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was imported by the settlers of the island?", "id": "56e02b8a7aa994140058e2f0", "answers": [{"text": "livestock, fruit trees and vegetables", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of buildings were built by the settlers?", "id": "56e02b8a7aa994140058e2f1", "answers": [{"text": "a chapel and one or two houses.", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was left on the island to recover when sick?", "id": "56e02b8a7aa994140058e2f2", "answers": [{"text": "mariners", "answer_start": 354}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the island a source of for ships travelling from Asia to Europe?", "id": "56e02b8a7aa994140058e2f3", "answers": [{"text": "food", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Portuguese found the island uninhabited, with an abundance of trees and fresh water. They imported livestock, fruit trees and vegetables, and built a chapel and one or two houses. Though they formed no permanent settlement, the island was an important rendezvous point and source of food for ships travelling from Asia to Europe, and frequently sick mariners were left on the island to recover, before taking passage on the next ship to call on the island."}], ["Pada tahun 1657, Oliver Cromwell memberikan syarikat Hindia Timur Inggeris sebuah piagam untuk memerintah Saint Helena dan pada tahun berikutnya syarikat itu memutuskan untuk mengukuhkan pulau itu dan menjajahnya dengan penanam. Gabenor pertama, Kapten John Dutton, tiba pada tahun 1659, menjadikan Saint Helena sebagai salah satu koloni tertua Britain di luar Amerika Utara dan Caribbean. Benteng dan rumah dibina. Selepas pemulihan monarki Inggeris pada 1660, Syarikat India Timur menerima piagam kerajaan yang memberikan hak tunggal untuk menguatkan dan menjajah pulau itu. Kubu itu dinamakan semula sebagai James Fort dan kota Jamestown, untuk menghormati Duke of York, kemudian James II dari England. <> Siapa yang telah diberikan piagam untuk memerintah Saint Helena? || Syarikat India East India <> Yang memberikan syarikat Inggeris Timur untuk memerintah pulau itu? || Oliver Cromwell <> Siapa gubernur Saint Helena yang pertama? || Kapten John Dutton <> Tahun berapa gubernur pertama tiba di Saint Helena? || 1659 <> Siapa yang mempunyai hak tunggal untuk menguatkan dan menjajah pulau itu? || Syarikat India Timur", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was granted a charter to govern Saint Helena?", "id": "56e02e807aa994140058e303", "answers": [{"text": "the English East India Company", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who granted the English East company a character to govern the island?", "id": "56e02e807aa994140058e304", "answers": [{"text": "Oliver Cromwell", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first governor of Saint Helena?", "id": "56e02e807aa994140058e305", "answers": [{"text": "Captain John Dutton", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the first governor arrive to Saint Helena?", "id": "56e02e807aa994140058e306", "answers": [{"text": "1659", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who had the sole right to fortify and colonize the island?", "id": "56e02e807aa994140058e307", "answers": [{"text": "East India Company", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1657, Oliver Cromwell granted the English East India Company a charter to govern Saint Helena and the following year the company decided to fortify the island and colonise it with planters. The first governor, Captain John Dutton, arrived in 1659, making Saint Helena one of Britain's oldest colonies outside North America and the Caribbean. A fort and houses were built. After the Restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, the East India Company received a royal charter giving it the sole right to fortify and colonise the island. The fort was renamed James Fort and the town Jamestown, in honour of the Duke of York, later James II of England."}], ["Bahasa Inggeris Sir Francis Drake mungkin terletak di pulau itu pada perlawanan akhir pengembaraannya di dunia (1577-1580). Lawatan selanjutnya oleh penjelajah bahasa Inggeris yang lain diikuti, dan, apabila lokasi Saint Helena diketahui lebih luas, kapal perang Inggeris mula menunggu di kawasan itu untuk menyerang tuan rumah Portugis India dalam perjalanan pulang. Dalam membangunkan perdagangan Timur Jauh mereka, Belanda juga mula sering ke pulau itu. Portugis dan Sepanyol tidak lama lagi menyerah secara berkala di pulau itu, sebahagiannya kerana mereka menggunakan pelabuhan di sepanjang pantai Afrika Barat, tetapi juga kerana serangan ke atas kapal mereka, penodaan ikon kapel dan agama mereka, pemusnahan ternakan dan pemusnahan ladang oleh pelayar Belanda dan Inggeris. <> Siapa yang mungkin berada di pulau itu dalam perjalanan terakhir mereka dalam perjalanan pengembaraan mereka? || Bahasa Inggeris Sir Francis Drake Apa yang menyerang kapal perang Inggeris di pulau itu? || Caracas Portugis India <> Siapa yang mengembangkan perdagangan timur jauh dan mula sering pulau itu? || Belanda <> Siapa yang menyerahkan panggilan di pulau itu kerana serangan terhadap penghantaran mereka? || Portugis dan Sepanyol", {"qas": [{"question": "Who probably located the island on their final leg of their circumnavigation trip?", "id": "56e02cb57aa994140058e2f9", "answers": [{"text": "Englishman Sir Francis Drake", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did English ships of war attack on the island?", "id": "56e02cb57aa994140058e2fb", "answers": [{"text": "Portuguese India carracks", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who developed a far east trade and began to frequent the island?", "id": "56e02cb57aa994140058e2fc", "answers": [{"text": "the Dutch", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who gave up calling at the island due to attacks on their shipping?", "id": "56e02cb57aa994140058e2fd", "answers": [{"text": "The Portuguese and Spanish", "answer_start": 423}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Englishman Sir Francis Drake probably located the island on the final leg of his circumnavigation of the world (1577\u20131580). Further visits by other English explorers followed, and, once Saint Helena\u2019s location was more widely known, English ships of war began to lie in wait in the area to attack Portuguese India carracks on their way home. In developing their Far East trade, the Dutch also began to frequent the island. The Portuguese and Spanish soon gave up regularly calling at the island, partly because they used ports along the West African coast, but also because of attacks on their shipping, the desecration of their chapel and religious icons, destruction of their livestock and destruction of plantations by Dutch and English sailors."}], ["Gabenor abad ke-18 cuba menangani masalah pulau itu dengan melaksanakan perladangan pokok, memperbaiki kubu-kubu, menghapuskan rasuah, membina sebuah hospital, menangani pengabaian tanaman dan ternakan, mengawal penggunaan alkohol dan memperkenalkan reformasi undang-undang. Dari sekitar 1770, pulau ini menikmati tempoh kemakmuran yang panjang. Kapten James Cook melawat pulau itu pada tahun 1775 pada perlawanan terakhir pelayaran kedua dunia. Gereja St. James didirikan di Jamestown pada tahun 1774 dan pada 1791-92 Plantation House dibina, dan sejak itu menjadi kediaman rasmi Gabenor. <> Bilakah Pulau mula mengalami tempoh kemakmuran? || 1770 <> Kapten mana yang melawat pulau itu pada tahun 1775 semasa perjalanan mereka di seluruh dunia? || James Cook <> Apa gereja didirikan di Jamestown pada tahun 1774? || Gereja St. James <> Apakah kediaman rasmi gabenor? || Rumah Perladangan", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Island start to experience a period of prosperity?", "id": "56e030597aa994140058e32b", "answers": [{"text": "1770", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What captain visited the island in 1775 on their trip around the world?", "id": "56e030597aa994140058e32c", "answers": [{"text": "James Cook", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What church was erected in Jamestown in 1774?", "id": "56e030597aa994140058e32d", "answers": [{"text": "St. James' Church", "answer_start": 456}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the official residence of the governor?", "id": "56e030597aa994140058e32e", "answers": [{"text": "Plantation House", "answer_start": 522}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "18th century governors tried to tackle the island's problems by implementing tree plantation, improving fortifications, eliminating corruption, building a hospital, tackling the neglect of crops and livestock, controlling the consumption of alcohol and introducing legal reforms. From about 1770, the island enjoyed a lengthy period of prosperity. Captain James Cook visited the island in 1775 on the final leg of his second circumnavigation of the world. St. James' Church was erected in Jamestown in 1774 and in 1791\u201392 Plantation House was built, and has since been the official residence of the Governor."}], ["Antara Januari dan Mei 1673, Syarikat Hindia Belanda Belanda secara paksa mengambil pulau itu, sebelum bala bantuan Inggeris memulihkan kawalan Inggeris India. Syarikat itu mengalami kesulitan menarik pendatang baru, dan sentimen kerusuhan dan pemberontakan yang diancam di kalangan penduduk. Masalah ekologi, termasuk penebangan hutan, hakisan tanah, vermin dan kemarau, mengetuai Gabenor Isaac Pyke untuk mencadangkan pada tahun 1715 bahawa penduduk berpindah ke Mauritius, tetapi ini tidak berlaku dan syarikat terus memberi subsidi kepada masyarakat kerana lokasi strategik pulau itu. Banci pada tahun 1723 mencatatkan 1,110 orang, termasuk 610 budak. <> Apakah syarikat Inggeris East India mempunyai kesukaran untuk menarik? || pendatang baru <> Masalah apa yang membawa kepada cadangan untuk memindahkan penduduk? || Masalah ekologi <> Apakah nama gabenor yang mencadangkan penempatan penduduk Saint Helena? || Ishak Pyke <> Apakah lokasi yang dicadangkan penduduk juga dipindahkan? || Mauritius <> Berapa ramai budak di pulau itu pada tahun 1723? || 610", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the English East India Company have difficulty attracting?", "id": "56e02f6f7aa994140058e317", "answers": [{"text": "new immigrants", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What problems lead to a suggesting to relocate the population?", "id": "56e02f6f7aa994140058e318", "answers": [{"text": "Ecological problems", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the governor who suggested relocating the population of Saint Helena?", "id": "56e02f6f7aa994140058e319", "answers": [{"text": "Isaac Pyke", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the location that was suggested the population be moved too?", "id": "56e02f6f7aa994140058e31a", "answers": [{"text": "Mauritius", "answer_start": 448}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many slaves were on the island in 1723?", "id": "56e02f6f7aa994140058e31b", "answers": [{"text": "610", "answer_start": 634}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Between January and May 1673, the Dutch East India Company forcibly took the island, before English reinforcements restored English East India Company control. The company experienced difficulty attracting new immigrants, and sentiments of unrest and rebellion fomented among the inhabitants. Ecological problems, including deforestation, soil erosion, vermin and drought, led Governor Isaac Pyke to suggest in 1715 that the population be moved to Mauritius, but this was not acted upon and the company continued to subsidise the community because of the island's strategic location. A census in 1723 recorded 1,110 people, including 610 slaves."}], ["Saint Helena adalah sebuah pulau tropika gunung berapi di Lautan Atlantik Selatan, 4,000 kilometer (2,500 mi) di timur Rio de Janeiro dan 1,950 kilometer (1,210 mi) di barat Sungai Cunene, yang menandakan sempadan antara Namibia dan Angola di Afrika barat daya. Ia adalah sebahagian daripada Wilayah Saint Helena, Ascension dan Tristan da Cunha. Saint Helena mengukur kira-kira 16 hingga 8 kilometer (10 hingga 5 mi) dan mempunyai populasi 4,255 (banci 2008). Ia dinamakan sempena Saint Helena of Constantinople. <> Apakah pulau tropika Saint Helena dinamakan? || Saint Helena of Constantinople <> Apa lautan Saint Helena terletak? || Lautan Atlantik Selatan <> Apakah populasi Saint Helena? || 4,255 <> Berapa besar pulau tropika Saint Helena? || 16 oleh 8 kilometer", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Saint Helena tropical island named after?", "id": "56e02701231d4119001abf5b", "answers": [{"text": "Saint Helena of Constantinople", "answer_start": 509}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ocean is Saint Helena located in?", "id": "56e02701231d4119001abf5c", "answers": [{"text": "South Atlantic Ocean", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the population of Saint Helena?", "id": "56e02701231d4119001abf5d", "answers": [{"text": "4,255", "answer_start": 469}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How big is Saint Helena tropical Island?", "id": "56e02701231d4119001abf5e", "answers": [{"text": "16 by 8 kilometres", "answer_start": 413}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Saint Helena (/\u02ccse\u026ant h\u0259\u02c8li\u02d0n\u0259/ SAYNT-h\u0259-LEE-n\u0259) is a volcanic tropical island in the South Atlantic Ocean, 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) east of Rio de Janeiro and 1,950 kilometres (1,210 mi) west of the Cunene River, which marks the border between Namibia and Angola in southwestern Africa. It is part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. Saint Helena measures about 16 by 8 kilometres (10 by 5 mi) and has a population of 4,255 (2008 census). It was named after Saint Helena of Constantinople."}], ["Kebanyakan akaun bersejarah menyatakan bahawa pulau itu ditemui pada 21 Mei 1502 oleh navigator Galicia Jo\u00e3o da Nova yang berlayar di perkhidmatan Portugal, dan dia menamakannya \"Santa Helena\" selepas Helena dari Constantinople. Teori lain berpendapat bahawa pulau yang ditemui oleh da Nova sebenarnya Tristan da Cunha, 2,430 kilometer (1,510 mi) ke selatan, dan Saint Helena ditemui oleh beberapa kapal yang melekat pada skuadron ekspedisi Est\u00eav\u00e3o da Gama pada 30 Julai 1503 (seperti yang dilaporkan dalam akaun petugas Thom\u00e9 Lopes). Walau bagaimanapun, kertas kerja yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2015 mengkaji semula tarikh penemuan dan memecat 18 Ogos sebagai terlambat untuk da Nova untuk membuat penemuan dan kemudian kembali ke Lisbon pada 11 September 1502, sama ada dia belayar dari St Helena atau Tristan da Cunha. Ia menunjukkan bahawa 21 Mei mungkin adalah Protestan daripada Hari Raya Katolik atau Ortodoks, yang pertama kali disebutkan pada tahun 1596 oleh Jan Huyghen van Linschoten, yang mungkin tersilap kerana pulau itu ditemui beberapa dekad sebelum Reformasi dan permulaan Protestantisme. Tarikh penemuan alternatif pada 3 Mei, hari perayaan Katolik untuk mencari Salib Benar oleh Saint Helena di Yerusalem, yang dipetik oleh Odoardo Duarte Lopes dan Sir Thomas Herbert disarankan sebagai sejarah yang lebih dipercayai. <> Apa tarikh yang ditemui di pulau itu? || 21 Mei 1502 <> Navigator apa yang menemui pulau itu? || Jo\u00e3o da Nova <> Negara apakah Jo\u00e3o da Nova melakukan perkhidmatan? || Portugal <> Siapakah orang yang bernama Saint Helena? || Helena dari Constantinople", {"qas": [{"question": "What date was the island discovered on?", "id": "56e02aba7aa994140058e2e7", "answers": [{"text": "21 May 1502", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What navigator discovered the island?", "id": "56e02aba7aa994140058e2e8", "answers": [{"text": "Jo\u00e3o da Nova", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country was Jo\u00e3o da Nova doing service for?", "id": "56e02aba7aa994140058e2e9", "answers": [{"text": "Portugal", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What person is Saint Helena Island named after?", "id": "56e02aba7aa994140058e2ea", "answers": [{"text": "Helena of Constantinople", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Most historical accounts state that the island was discovered on 21 May 1502 by the Galician navigator Jo\u00e3o da Nova sailing at the service of Portugal, and that he named it \"Santa Helena\" after Helena of Constantinople. Another theory holds that the island found by da Nova was actually Tristan da Cunha, 2,430 kilometres (1,510 mi) to the south, and that Saint Helena was discovered by some of the ships attached to the squadron of Est\u00eav\u00e3o da Gama expedition on 30 July 1503 (as reported in the account of clerk Thom\u00e9 Lopes). However, a paper published in 2015 reviewed the discovery date and dismissed the 18 August as too late for da Nova to make a discovery and then return to Lisbon by 11 September 1502, whether he sailed from St Helena or Tristan da Cunha. It demonstrates the 21 May is probably a Protestant rather than Catholic or Orthodox feast-day, first quoted in 1596 by Jan Huyghen van Linschoten, who was probably mistaken because the island was discovered several decades before the Reformation and start of Protestantism. The alternative discovery date of 3 May, the Catholic feast-day for the finding of the True Cross by Saint Helena in Jerusalem, quoted by Odoardo Duarte Lopes and Sir Thomas Herbert is suggested as being historically more credible."}], ["Pada tahun 1840, stesen tentera laut British ditubuhkan untuk menindas perdagangan hamba Afrika berasaskan pulau itu, dan antara 1840 dan 1849 lebih 15,000 budak yang dibebaskan, yang dikenali sebagai \"Orang Afrika Terbebas\", mendarat di sana. <> Siapa yang menubuhkan stesen tentera laut untuk mengurangkan perdagangan hamba Afrika di pulau itu pada tahun 1840? || British <> Antara 1840 dan 1849 berapa ramai budak yang dibebaskan mendarat di pulau itu? || Lebih 15,000 <> Apa yang disebut budak yang dibebaskan? || Orang yang dibebaskan", {"qas": [{"question": "Who established a naval station to cut down on African slave trade on the island in 1840?", "id": "56e039be231d4119001abff1", "answers": [{"text": "British", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Between 1840 and 1849 how many freed slaves landed on the island?", "id": "56e039be231d4119001abff2", "answers": [{"text": "over 15,000", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the freed slaves known as?", "id": "56e039be231d4119001abff3", "answers": [{"text": "Liberated Africans", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1840, a British naval station established to suppress the African slave trade was based on the island, and between 1840 and 1849 over 15,000 freed slaves, known as \"Liberated Africans\", were landed there."}], ["Disebabkan pujian Napoleon terhadap kopi Saint Helena semasa pengasingan di pulau itu, produk itu menikmati populariti ringkas di Paris pada tahun-tahun selepas kematiannya. <> Produk apa Saint Helena dipuji oleh Napoleon? || Kopi <> Di mana kopi Saint Helena menjadi popular selepas kematian Napoleon? || Paris <> Produk apa yang popular di Paris selepas kematian Napoloen? || kopi", {"qas": [{"question": "Which product of Saint Helena was praised by Napoleon?", "id": "56e037e17aa994140058e39f", "answers": [{"text": "coffee", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Saint Helena's coffee get popular after Napoleon's death?", "id": "56e037e17aa994140058e3a0", "answers": [{"text": "Paris", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What product got popular in Paris after Napoloen's death?", "id": "56e037e17aa994140058e3a1", "answers": [{"text": "coffee", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Owing to Napoleon's praise of Saint Helena\u2019s coffee during his exile on the island, the product enjoyed a brief popularity in Paris in the years after his death."}], ["Walaupun pengimportan budak ke St Helena telah diharamkan pada tahun 1792, pembebasan bertahap lebih dari 800 budak pemastautin tidak berlaku sehingga 1827, yang masih enam tahun sebelum Parlimen British meluluskan perundangan untuk mengharamkan perhambaan di koloni. <> Bilakah pengimportan budak diharamkan di Saint Helena? || 1792 <> Pemberontakan hamba Saint Helena tidak berlaku sehingga tahun apa? || 1827 <> Siapa yang mengharamkan perhambaan di koloni mereka? || Parlimen Britain <> Berapa banyak hamba akhirnya dibebaskan di Saint Helena? || 800", {"qas": [{"question": "When was importation of slaves banned in Saint Helena?", "id": "56e038637aa994140058e3ad", "answers": [{"text": "1792", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The emancipation of the slaves of Saint Helena did not take place until what year?", "id": "56e038637aa994140058e3ae", "answers": [{"text": "1827", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who banned slavery in their colonies?", "id": "56e038637aa994140058e3af", "answers": [{"text": "British Parliament", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Over how many slaves ended up getting emancipated on Saint Helena?", "id": "56e038637aa994140058e3b0", "answers": [{"text": "800", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although the importation of slaves to St Helena had been banned in 1792, the phased emancipation of over 800 resident slaves did not take place until 1827, which was still some six years before the British Parliament passed legislation to ban slavery in the colonies."}], ["Pada tahun 1815, kerajaan British memilih Saint Helena sebagai tempat penahanan Napoleon Bonaparte. Dia dibawa ke pulau itu pada Oktober 1815. Napoleon tinggal di paviliun Briars atas dasar rumah keluarga Balcombe sehingga kediamannya tetap, Longwood House, selesai pada Disember 1815. Napoleon meninggal dunia pada 5 Mei 1821. <> The British kerajaan menahan siapa di Saint Helena? || Napoleon Bonaparte <> Tahun apa Napoleon Bonaparte dibawa ke pulau itu? || 1815 <> Di manakah Napoleon Bonaparte tinggal sehingga dia menemui kediaman tetap? || Briars pavilion <> Apa yang akhirnya menjadi kediaman tetap Napoleon Bonaparte? || Longwood House <> Tahun apa Napoleon Bonaparte lenyap? || 1821", {"qas": [{"question": "The British government detained who in Saint Helena?", "id": "56e036337aa994140058e38f", "answers": [{"text": "Napoleon Bonaparte", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Napoleon Bonaparte taken to the island?", "id": "56e036337aa994140058e390", "answers": [{"text": "1815", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Napoleon Bonaparte stay until he found permanent residence?", "id": "56e036337aa994140058e391", "answers": [{"text": "Briars pavilion", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ended up being the permanent residence of Napoleon Bonaparte?", "id": "56e036337aa994140058e392", "answers": [{"text": "Longwood House", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Napoleon Bonaparte pass away?", "id": "56e036337aa994140058e393", "answers": [{"text": "1821", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1815, the British government selected Saint Helena as the place of detention of Napoleon Bonaparte. He was taken to the island in October 1815. Napoleon stayed at the Briars pavilion on the grounds of the Balcombe family's home until his permanent residence, Longwood House, was completed in December 1815. Napoleon died there on 5 May 1821."}], ["Pengimportan budak menjadi tidak sah pada tahun 1792. Gubernur Robert Patton (1802-1807) mencadangkan agar pekerja import Cina mengupayakan tenaga kerja luar bandar. Buruh coolie tiba pada tahun 1810, dan angka mereka mencapai 600 pada tahun 1818. Banyak yang dibenarkan tinggal, dan keturunan mereka menjadi terintegrasi ke dalam populasi. Banci tahun 1814 mencatatkan 3,507 orang di pulau itu. <> Apa yang dibuat menyalahi undang-undang pada tahun 1792? || pengimportan budak <> Tahun berapakah pekerja Coolie tiba? || 1810 <> Berapa ramai pekerja keren di pulau itu pada tahun 1818? || 600 <> Apa populasi pulau pada tahun 1814? || 3,507", {"qas": [{"question": "What was made illegal in 1792?", "id": "56e0359f231d4119001abfc9", "answers": [{"text": "importation of slaves", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Coolie labourers arrive?", "id": "56e0359f231d4119001abfcb", "answers": [{"text": "1810", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many coolie labourers were on the island by 1818?", "id": "56e0359f231d4119001abfcc", "answers": [{"text": "600", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the population of the island in 1814?", "id": "56e0359f231d4119001abfcd", "answers": [{"text": "3,507", "answer_start": 362}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The importation of slaves was made illegal in 1792. Governor Robert Patton (1802\u20131807) recommended that the company import Chinese labour to supplement the rural workforce. The coolie labourers arrived in 1810, and their numbers reached 600 by 1818. Many were allowed to stay, and their descendents became integrated into the population. An 1814 census recorded 3,507 people on the island."}], ["Pada tahun 1858, Maharaja Perancis Napoleon III berjaya memperoleh miliknya, atas nama kerajaan Perancis, Longwood House dan tanah di sekelilingnya, kediaman terakhir Napoleon I (yang meninggal dunia pada 1821). Ia masih milik Perancis, ditadbir oleh wakil Perancis dan di bawah kuasa Kementerian Luar Negeri Perancis. <> Maharaja Perancis mana yang mendapat milik rumah Longwood dan tanah di sekelilingnya? || Napoleon III <> Tahun berapakah Kaisar Perancis Napoleon III mengendalikan rumah Longwood? || 1858 <> Siapa penduduk terakhir rumah Longwood sebelum Napoleon III mengambilnya? || Napoleon I <> Siapa yang mempunyai kuasa di rumah Longwood? || Kementerian Luar Negeri Perancis", {"qas": [{"question": "Which french emperor gained possession of Longwood house and the land surrounding it?", "id": "56e03a4d231d4119001abff7", "answers": [{"text": "Napoleon III", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the French Emperor Napoleon III take control of Longwood house?", "id": "56e03a4d231d4119001abff8", "answers": [{"text": "1858", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the last resident of Longwood house before Napoleon III took it over?", "id": "56e03a4d231d4119001abff9", "answers": [{"text": "Napoleon I", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has authority over Longwood house?", "id": "56e03a4d231d4119001abffa", "answers": [{"text": "French Ministry of Foreign Affairs", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1858, the French emperor Napoleon III successfully gained the possession, in the name of the French government, of Longwood House and the lands around it, last residence of Napoleon I (who died there in 1821). It is still French property, administered by a French representative and under the authority of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs."}], ["Selepas kematian Napoleon, beribu-ribu pelawat sementara ditarik balik dan Syarikat Hindia Timur meneruskan kawalan sepenuhnya ke Saint Helena. Antara tahun 1815 dan 1830, EIC telah disediakan untuk kerajaan pulau paket kuda St Helena, yang membuat pelbagai perjalanan setiap tahun antara pulau dan Cape yang membawa penumpang kedua-dua cara, dan bekalan wain dan peruntukan kembali ke pulau itu. <> Siapa yang menguasai pulau itu selepas kematian Napoleon? || Syarikat India Timur <> EIC membuat apa yang ada kepada kerajaan pulau antara 1815 dan 1830? || packet schooner St Helena <> The packet schooner St Helena membawa bekalan apa ke pulau itu? || wain dan peruntukan", {"qas": [{"question": "Who took full control of the island after Napoleon's death?", "id": "56e036e0231d4119001abfd3", "answers": [{"text": "East India Company", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The EIC made what available to the government of the island between 1815 and 1830?", "id": "56e036e0231d4119001abfd4", "answers": [{"text": "the packet schooner St Helena", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The packet schooner St Helena brought supplies of what to the island?", "id": "56e036e0231d4119001abfd5", "answers": [{"text": "wine and provisions", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After Napoleon's death, the thousands of temporary visitors were soon withdrawn and the East India Company resumed full control of Saint Helena. Between 1815 and 1830, the EIC made available to the government of the island the packet schooner St Helena, which made multiple trips per year between the island and the Cape carrying passengers both ways, and supplies of wine and provisions back to the island."}], ["Selepas meninggalkan University of Oxford, pada tahun 1676, Edmond Halley melawat Saint Helena dan menubuhkan sebuah teleskop astronomi dengan teleskop udara 7.3 meter panjang (24 kaki) dengan niat belajar bintang dari Hemisfera Selatan. Tapak teleskop ini terletak berhampiran dengan Gereja Saint Mathew di Hutt's Gate, di daerah Longwood. Bukit 680 meter (2,230 kaki) di sana dinamakan untuknya dan dipanggil Halley's Mount. <> Siapa yang menubuhkan sebuah pemerhatian astronomi di Saint Helena? || Edmond Halley <> Apa universiti yang didatangi oleh Edmond Halley? || University of Oxford <> Berapa kaki teleskop yang ditubuhkan di dalam pemerhatian? || 24 <> Daerah mana yang ditubuhkan oleh teleskop? || Daerah Longwood <> Apakah hemisfera bintang Edmond Halley ingin belajar dengan teleskop? || Selatan", {"qas": [{"question": "Who set up an astronomical observatory on Saint Helena?", "id": "56e031357aa994140058e335", "answers": [{"text": "Edmond Halley", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What university did Edmond Halley attend?", "id": "56e031357aa994140058e336", "answers": [{"text": "University of Oxford", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many feet was the telescope that was set up in the observatory?", "id": "56e031357aa994140058e337", "answers": [{"text": "24", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What district is the telescope set up in?", "id": "56e031357aa994140058e338", "answers": [{"text": "Longwood district", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What hemisphere of stars did Edmond Halley want to study with the telescope?", "id": "56e031357aa994140058e339", "answers": [{"text": "Southern", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On leaving the University of Oxford, in 1676, Edmond Halley visited Saint Helena and set up an astronomical observatory with a 7.3-metre-long (24 ft) aerial telescope with the intention of studying stars from the Southern Hemisphere. The site of this telescope is near Saint Mathew's Church in Hutt's Gate, in the Longwood district. The 680-metre (2,230 ft) high hill there is named for him and is called Halley's Mount."}], ["Sepanjang tempoh ini, Saint Helena merupakan pelabuhan penting bagi Syarikat India Timur. Indiamen Timur akan berhenti di sana pada perjalanan pulang ke British India dan China. Di kapal Saint Helena boleh menambah bekalan air dan peruntukan, dan semasa masa perang, membentuk konvoi yang akan berlayar di bawah perlindungan kapal Tentera Laut Diraja. Kapal Kapten James Cook HMS Endeavor berlabuh dan disalurkan semula di luar pantai St Helena pada Mei 1771, apabila dia kembali dari penemuan Eropah di pantai timur Australia dan penemuan semula New Zealand. <> Saint Helena merupakan pelabuhan penting di mana syarikat itu? || Syarikat India Timur <> Apa kapal yang diisi semula di Saint Helena? || air dan peruntukan <> Apa kapal yang dimiliki oleh Kapten James? || HMS Endeavor <> Apa kapal yang disalurkan semula di Pulau pada Mei 1771? || HMS Endeavour <> Kapal konvoi angkatan laut yang dilindungi? || Royal", {"qas": [{"question": "Saint Helena was an important port of which company?", "id": "56e03502231d4119001abfbf", "answers": [{"text": "East India Company", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did ships replenish at Saint Helena?", "id": "56e03502231d4119001abfc0", "answers": [{"text": "water and provisions", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What vessel was owned by Captain James?", "id": "56e03502231d4119001abfc1", "answers": [{"text": "HMS Endeavour", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What vessel resupplied at the Island in May 1771?", "id": "56e03502231d4119001abfc2", "answers": [{"text": "HMS Endeavour", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Vessels of what navy protected convoys?", "id": "56e03502231d4119001abfc3", "answers": [{"text": "Royal", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Throughout this period, Saint Helena was an important port of call of the East India Company. East Indiamen would stop there on the return leg of their voyages to British India and China. At Saint Helena ships could replenish supplies of water and provisions, and during war time, form convoys that would sail under the protection of vessels of the Royal Navy. Captain James Cook's vessel HMS Endeavour anchored and resupplied off the coast of St Helena in May 1771, on her return from the European discovery of the east coast of Australia and rediscovery of New Zealand."}], ["Di bawah peruntukan Akta India 1833, kawalan Saint Helena telah diluluskan dari Syarikat India Timur kepada Mahkota British, menjadi koloni mahkota. Pemotongan kos pentadbiran seterusnya mencetuskan permulaan penurunan populasi jangka panjang di mana mereka yang mampu berbuat demikian cenderung meninggalkan pulau itu untuk mendapatkan peluang yang lebih baik di tempat lain. Separuh kedua abad ke-19 menyaksikan kedatangan kapal-kapal stim tidak bergantung pada angin perdagangan, dan juga pengalihan perdagangan Timur Jauh dari lorong perkapalan Atlantik Selatan tradisional ke laluan melalui Laut Merah (yang, sebelum bangunan Terusan Suez, melibatkan bahagian darat pendek). Faktor-faktor ini menyumbang kepada penurunan bilangan kapal yang memanggil di pulau itu dari 1,100 pada tahun 1855 kepada hanya 288 pada tahun 1889. Apa tindakan yang memberi kawalan kepada Saint Helena kepada Mahkota British? || 1833 India Act <> Siapa yang mengalihkan kawalan Saint Helena kepada Mahkota British? || Syarikat India Timur <> Pada separuh akhir abad ke-19 apa kapal menjadi berleluasa yang tidak bergantung kepada angin perdagangan? || kapal wap <> Berapa banyak kapal yang pergi ke pulau itu pada tahun 1855? || 1,100 <> Pada tahun 1889 berapa kapal telah pergi ke pulau itu? || 288", {"qas": [{"question": "What act gave control of Saint Helena to the British Crown?", "id": "56e03942231d4119001abfe7", "answers": [{"text": "1833 India Act", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who turned over control of Saint Helena to the British Crown?", "id": "56e03942231d4119001abfe8", "answers": [{"text": "East India Company", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the latter half of the 19th century what ships became prevalent that weren't dependent on trade winds?", "id": "56e03942231d4119001abfe9", "answers": [{"text": "steam ships", "answer_start": 404}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many ships were going to the island in 1855?", "id": "56e03942231d4119001abfea", "answers": [{"text": "1,100", "answer_start": 744}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By 1889 how many ships were going to the island?", "id": "56e03942231d4119001abfeb", "answers": [{"text": "288", "answer_start": 766}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Under the provisions of the 1833 India Act, control of Saint Helena was passed from the East India Company to the British Crown, becoming a crown colony. Subsequent administrative cost-cutting triggered the start of a long-term population decline whereby those who could afford to do so tended to leave the island for better opportunities elsewhere. The latter half of the 19th century saw the advent of steam ships not reliant on trade winds, as well as the diversion of Far East trade away from the traditional South Atlantic shipping lanes to a route via the Red Sea (which, prior to the building of the Suez Canal, involved a short overland section). These factors contributed to a decline in the number of ships calling at the island from 1,100 in 1855 to only 288 in 1889."}], ["Pada tahun 1989, Prince Andrew melancarkan penggantian RMS St Helena untuk berkhidmat di pulau itu; kapal itu dibina khas untuk laluan Cardiff-Cape Town dan mempunyai susun atur kargo / penumpang campuran. <> Tahun apa pengganti RMS St Helena dilancarkan? || 1989 <> Siapa yang melancarkan penggantian RMS St Helena? || Putera Andrew <> Jalan apa jalan penggantian RMS St Helena? || Laluan Cardiff-Cape Town <> Susun atur apa jenis RMS St Helena? || susun atur kargo / penumpang campuran.", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was the replacement for the RMS St Helena launched?", "id": "56e064667aa994140058e441", "answers": [{"text": "1989", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who launched the replacement RMS St Helena?", "id": "56e064667aa994140058e442", "answers": [{"text": "Prince Andrew", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What route was the replacement RMS St Helena built for?", "id": "56e064667aa994140058e443", "answers": [{"text": "Cardiff\u2013Cape Town route", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of layout did the RMS St Helena have?", "id": "56e064667aa994140058e444", "answers": [{"text": "a mixed cargo/passenger layout.", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1989, Prince Andrew launched the replacement RMS St Helena to serve the island; the vessel was specially built for the Cardiff\u2013Cape Town route and features a mixed cargo/passenger layout."}], ["Dari 1958, barisan perkapalan Union Castle secara beransur-ansur mengurangkan panggilan perkhidmatannya ke pulau itu. Curnow Shipping, yang berpangkalan di Avonmouth, menggantikan perkhidmatan surat-menyurat Union-Castle Line pada tahun 1977, menggunakan RMS (Royal Mail Ship) St Helena. <> Tahun berapa kapal penghantaran kapal Union perlahan-lahan mulai mengurangkan panggilan perkhidmatan mereka ke pulau itu? || 1958 <> Syarikat perkapalan mana yang menggantikan perkhidmatan surat-mel Union-Castle Line? || Penghantaran Curnow <> Berapa tahun muat surat mel Union-Castle Line? || 1977", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did the Union Castle shipping line slowly start to reduce their service calls to the island?", "id": "56e063197aa994140058e439", "answers": [{"text": "1958", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which shipping company replaced Union-Castle Line mailship service?", "id": "56e063197aa994140058e43a", "answers": [{"text": "Curnow Shipping", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Union-Castle Line mailship replaced?", "id": "56e063197aa994140058e43b", "answers": [{"text": "1977", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From 1958, the Union Castle shipping line gradually reduced its service calls to the island. Curnow Shipping, based in Avonmouth, replaced the Union-Castle Line mailship service in 1977, using the RMS (Royal Mail Ship) St Helena."}], ["Pada 11 April 1898, Joshua Slocum, Amerika Syarikat, pada pusingan solo terkenal dan epik pelayaran dunia tiba di Jamestown. Beliau berangkat pada 20 April 1898 untuk laluan terakhirnya yang dilanjutkan dengan sambutan dari gubernur, Tuan Yang Terutama Sir R A Standale, menyampaikan dua ceramah mengenai pelayarannya dan telah dijemput ke Longwood oleh ejen Konsular Perancis. <> Siapa yang tiba di Jamestown semasa pusingan solo mereka pelayaran dunia? || Joshua Slocum <> Bilakah Joshua Slocum tiba di Jamestown? || 11 April 1898 <> Bilakah Joshua Slocum berlepas dari Jamestown untuk meneruskan perjalanannya? || 20 April 1898 <> Siapa yang menyampaikan dua ceramah mengenai pelayaran mereka? || Sir R A Standale", {"qas": [{"question": "Who arrived in Jamestown during their solo round the world voyage?", "id": "56e03aed7aa994140058e3db", "answers": [{"text": "Joshua Slocum", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Joshua Slocum arrive in Jamestown?", "id": "56e03aed7aa994140058e3dc", "answers": [{"text": "11 April 1898", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Joshua Slocum depart from Jamestown to continue his trip?", "id": "56e03aed7aa994140058e3dd", "answers": [{"text": "20 April 1898", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who presented two lectures on their voyage?", "id": "56e03aed7aa994140058e3de", "answers": [{"text": "Sir R A Standale", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 11 April 1898 American Joshua Slocum, on his famous and epic solo round the world voyage arrived at Jamestown. He departed on 20 April 1898 for the final leg of his circumnavigation having been extended hospitality from the governor, his Excellency Sir R A Standale, presented two lectures on his voyage and been invited to Longwood by the French Consular agent."}], ["Kerajaan UK telah membelanjakan \u00a3 250 juta dalam pembinaan lapangan terbang pulau itu. Dijangka beroperasi sepenuhnya pada awal 2016, ia dijangka membantu pulau itu untuk mencapai kecekapan diri sendiri dan menggalakkan pembangunan ekonomi, mengurangkan pergantungan kepada bantuan kerajaan British. Lapangan terbang itu juga dijangka memulakan industri pelancongan, dengan sehingga 30,000 pengunjung dijangka setiap tahun. Pada Ogos, tiket penerbangan ditangguhkan sehingga syarikat penerbangan boleh ditetapkan dengan tegas. <> Berapa banyak wang yang dibelanjakan untuk pembinaan lapangan terbang pulau itu? || 250 juta <> Kerajaan mana yang membina lapangan terbang pulau itu? || Kerajaan UK <> Bilakah lapangan terbang dijangka berfungsi sepenuhnya? || awal 2016 <> Industri mana yang mana lapangan terbang sepatutnya membantu apabila ia selesai? || pelancongan <> Berapa banyak pelancong dijangka setiap tahun terima kasih kepada lapangan terbang? || sehingga 30,000", {"qas": [{"question": "How much money was spent on construction of the island's airport?", "id": "56e065a0231d4119001ac08d", "answers": [{"text": "250 million", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which government built the island's airport?", "id": "56e065a0231d4119001ac08e", "answers": [{"text": "UK government", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the airport expected to be fully functional?", "id": "56e065a0231d4119001ac08f", "answers": [{"text": "early 2016", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which industry is the airport supposed to help when it becomes complete?", "id": "56e065a0231d4119001ac090", "answers": [{"text": "tourism", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many tourists are expected annually thanks to the airport?", "id": "56e065a0231d4119001ac091", "answers": [{"text": "up to 30,000", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The UK government has spent \u00a3250 million in the construction of the island's airport. Expected to be fully operational early 2016, it is expected to help the island towards self-sufficiency and encourage economic development, reducing dependence on British government aid. The airport is also expected to kick start the tourism industry, with up to 30,000 visitors expected annually. As of August, 2015 ticketing was postponed until an airline could be firmly designated."}], ["Akta Kewarganegaraan British 1981 mengklasifikasikan Saint Helena dan koloni-koloni Mahkota yang lain sebagai Wilayah Terjadilah British. Penduduk pulau itu kehilangan hak tinggal di Britain. Untuk 20 tahun yang akan datang, ramai yang dapat mencari pekerjaan dengan gaji rendah dengan kerajaan pulau itu, dan pekerjaan hanya tersedia di luar Saint Helena berada di Kepulauan Falkland dan Pulau Ascension. Jabatan Pengembangan dan Perencanaan Ekonomi, yang masih beroperasi, dibentuk pada tahun 1988 untuk menyumbang kepada peningkatan taraf hidup rakyat Saint Helena. <> Hak apa yang telah hilang oleh warganegara pulau disebabkan oleh perbuatan itu? || hak tinggal di Britain <> Jabatan apa yang dibentuk untuk membantu meningkatkan taraf hidup penduduk di Saint Helena? || Jabatan Pembangunan dan Perancangan Ekonomi <> Tahun apakah dibentuk oleh Jabatan Pembangunan dan Perancangan Ekonomi? || 1988 <> Di mana satu-satunya kerja di luar Saint Helena terletak? || Kepulauan Falkland dan Pulau Ascension", {"qas": [{"question": "What right was lost by the citizen of the islands due to the act?", "id": "56e063ea231d4119001ac07e", "answers": [{"text": "right of abode in Britain", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What department was formed to help raise the living standards of the citizens in Saint Helena?", "id": "56e063ea231d4119001ac07f", "answers": [{"text": "The Development and Economic Planning Department", "answer_start": 365}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the Development and Economic Planning Department formed?", "id": "56e063ea231d4119001ac080", "answers": [{"text": "1988", "answer_start": 451}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the only work outside of Saint Helena located?", "id": "56e063ea231d4119001ac081", "answers": [{"text": "Falkland Islands and Ascension Island", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The British Nationality Act 1981 reclassified Saint Helena and the other Crown colonies as British Dependent Territories. The islanders lost their right of abode in Britain. For the next 20 years, many could find only low-paid work with the island government, and the only available employment outside Saint Helena was on the Falkland Islands and Ascension Island. The Development and Economic Planning Department, which still operates, was formed in 1988 to contribute to raising the living standards of the people of Saint Helena."}], ["Perlembagaan Saint Helena berkuatkuasa pada tahun 1989 dan dengan syarat bahawa pulau itu akan ditadbir oleh Gabenor dan Panglima Besar, dan Majlis Eksekutif dan Perwakilan yang dipilih. Pada tahun 2002, Akta British Overseas Territory 2002 memberikan kewarganegaraan penuh British kepada penduduk pulau itu, dan dinamakan semula Wilayah Terjadinya (termasuk Saint Helena) Wilayah British Luar Negeri. Pada tahun 2009, Saint Helena dan dua wilayahnya menerima status yang sama di bawah perlembagaan baru, dan Wilayah Luar Negara British dinamakan semula Saint Helena, Ascension dan Tristan da Cunha. <> Tahun apakah Perlembagaan Saint Helena secara rasminya berkuatkuasa? || 1989 <> Pada tahun 2002 apakah tindakan yang diberikan kewarganegaraan British penuh kepada penduduk pulau? || Akta Wilayah Luar Negara British 2002 <> Apakah wilayah-wilayah yang bergantung kepada namanya diganti? || British Overseas Territories", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did the Saint Helena Constitution officially take effect?", "id": "56e06509231d4119001ac087", "answers": [{"text": "1989", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2002 what act granted full British citizenship to the citizens of the islands?", "id": "56e06509231d4119001ac088", "answers": [{"text": "British Overseas Territories Act 2002", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the dependent territories renamed to?", "id": "56e06509231d4119001ac089", "answers": [{"text": "British Overseas Territories", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Saint Helena Constitution took effect in 1989 and provided that the island would be governed by a Governor and Commander-in-Chief, and an elected Executive and Legislative Council. In 2002, the British Overseas Territories Act 2002 granted full British citizenship to the islanders, and renamed the Dependent Territories (including Saint Helena) the British Overseas Territories. In 2009, Saint Helena and its two territories received equal status under a new constitution, and the British Overseas Territory was renamed Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha."}], ["Dalam tempoh ini, pulau ini menikmati peningkatan pendapatan melalui penjualan flaks, dengan harga meningkat pada tahun 1951. Walau bagaimanapun, industri itu merosot kerana kos pengangkutan dan persaingan daripada serat sintetik. Keputusan oleh Pejabat Pos British untuk menggunakan serat sintetik untuk beg suratnya adalah satu lagi tamparan, yang menyumbang kepada penutupan kilang raksasa pulau pada tahun 1965. <> Apa yang dijual oleh Pulau untuk peningkatan pendapatan dalam tempoh ini? || flax <> Apa tahun puncak puncak flaks? || 1951 <> Pejabat Pos British menggunakan apa jenis serat yang menyakitkan industri rami? || serat sintetik <> Berapa tahun kilang flaks Pulau ditutup? || 1965", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the Island sell for increased revenue during this period?", "id": "56e0628c231d4119001ac075", "answers": [{"text": "flax", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did flax prices peak?", "id": "56e0628c231d4119001ac076", "answers": [{"text": "1951", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The British Post Offices decision to use what kind of fibres hurt the flax industry?", "id": "56e0628c231d4119001ac077", "answers": [{"text": "synthetic fibres", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the Island's flax mills close?", "id": "56e0628c231d4119001ac078", "answers": [{"text": "1965", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During this period, the island enjoyed increased revenues through the sale of flax, with prices peaking in 1951. However, the industry declined because of transportation costs and competition from synthetic fibres. The decision by the British Post Office to use synthetic fibres for its mailbags was a further blow, contributing to the closure of the island's flax mills in 1965."}], ["Serat pembuatan industri tempatan dari flora New Zealand berjaya ditubuhkan semula pada tahun 1907 dan menghasilkan pendapatan yang cukup besar semasa Perang Dunia Pertama. Pulau Ascension dijadikan pergantungan Saint Helena pada tahun 1922, dan Tristan da Cunha diikuti pada tahun 1938. Semasa Perang Dunia Kedua, Amerika Syarikat membina lapangan terbang Wideawake di Ascension pada tahun 1942, tetapi tidak ada penggunaan tentera dibuat dari Saint Helena. <> Apa negara industri tempatan yang mengeluarkan serat mendapatkan flaks mereka? || New Zealand <> Pulau apa yang dijadikan pergantungan Saint Helena pada tahun 1922? || Pulau Ascension <> Apakah nama lapangan terbang Amerika Syarikat yang dibina di Pulau Ascension? || Lapangan terbang Wideawake <> Tahun apakah Wideawake Airport dibina? || 1942", {"qas": [{"question": "What country does the local industry that manufactures fibre get their flax from?", "id": "56e061f87aa994140058e429", "answers": [{"text": "New Zealand", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What island was made a dependency of Saint Helena in 1922?", "id": "56e061f87aa994140058e42a", "answers": [{"text": "Ascension Island", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the airport the United States built on Ascension Island?", "id": "56e061f87aa994140058e42b", "answers": [{"text": "Wideawake airport", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Wideawake Airport built?", "id": "56e061f87aa994140058e42c", "answers": [{"text": "1942", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A local industry manufacturing fibre from New Zealand flax was successfully reestablished in 1907 and generated considerable income during the First World War. Ascension Island was made a dependency of Saint Helena in 1922, and Tristan da Cunha followed in 1938. During the Second World War, the United States built Wideawake airport on Ascension in 1942, but no military use was made of Saint Helena."}], ["Terletak di Lautan Atlantik Selatan di Mid-Atlantic Ridge, lebih daripada 2,000 kilometer (1,200 mi) dari daratan utama yang terdekat, Saint Helena adalah salah satu tempat terpencil di dunia. Pelabuhan terdekat di benua ini adalah Namibe di selatan Angola, dan lapangan terbang antarabangsa terdekat Lapangan Terbang Quatro de Fevereiro dari ibu kota Angola di Luanda; sambungan ke Cape Town di Afrika Selatan digunakan untuk kebanyakan keperluan penghantaran, seperti bot mel yang melayani pulau itu, RMS St Helena. Pulau ini dikaitkan dengan dua pulau terpencil lain di selatan Atlantik, juga wilayah British: Pulau Ascension kira-kira 1,300 kilometer (810 mi) kerana barat laut di lebih banyak perairan khatulistiwa dan Tristan da Cunha, yang berada di luar kawasan tropika 2,430 kilometer (1,510 mi) ke selatan. Pulau ini terletak di Hemisfera Barat dan mempunyai bujur yang sama seperti Cornwall di United Kingdom. Walaupun lokasi terpencil, ia dikelaskan sebagai di Afrika Barat oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. <> Apa pelabuhan terdekat ke Saint Helena? || Namibe <> Apa lapangan terbang antarabangsa terdekat ke Saint Helena dipanggil? || Lapangan Terbang Quatro de Fevereiro <> Apakah bot mel yang melayani pulau itu? || RMS St Helena <> Apa hemisfera terletak di pulau itu? || Barat <> Kawasan apa yang diklasifikasikan sebagai pulau oleh PBB? || Afrika Barat", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the nearest port to Saint Helena?", "id": "56e066467aa994140058e449", "answers": [{"text": "Namibe", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the closest international airport to Saint Helena called?", "id": "56e066467aa994140058e44a", "answers": [{"text": "the Quatro de Fevereiro Airport", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the mail boat that serves the island called?", "id": "56e066467aa994140058e44b", "answers": [{"text": "RMS St Helena", "answer_start": 481}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What hemisphere is the island located in?", "id": "56e066467aa994140058e44c", "answers": [{"text": "Western", "answer_start": 822}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What area is the island classified as being in by the United Nations?", "id": "56e066467aa994140058e44d", "answers": [{"text": "West Africa", "answer_start": 961}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Located in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, more than 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) from the nearest major landmass, Saint Helena is one of the most remote places in the world. The nearest port on the continent is Namibe in southern Angola, and the nearest international airport the Quatro de Fevereiro Airport of Angola's capital Luanda; connections to Cape Town in South Africa are used for most shipping needs, such as the mail boat that serves the island, the RMS St Helena. The island is associated with two other isolated islands in the southern Atlantic, also British territories: Ascension Island about 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) due northwest in more equatorial waters and Tristan da Cunha, which is well outside the tropics 2,430 kilometres (1,510 mi) to the south. The island is situated in the Western Hemisphere and has the same longitude as Cornwall in the United Kingdom. Despite its remote location, it is classified as being in West Africa by the United Nations."}], ["Pulau Saint Helena mempunyai kawasan seluas 122 km2 (47 batu persegi), dan terdiri sebahagian besarnya daripada rupa bumi yang berceranggah asal gunung berapi (letusan gunung berapi terakhir berlaku kira-kira 7 juta tahun yang lalu). Kawasan pantai diliputi dalam batu gunung berapi dan lebih panas dan kering daripada pusat. Titik tertinggi pulau ini ialah Diana's Peak pada 818 m (2,684 kaki). Pada tahun 1996 ia menjadi taman nasional pertama di pulau itu. Banyak pulau tersebut diliputi oleh New Zealand flaks, warisan bekas industri, tetapi ada beberapa pokok asal ditambah dengan perladangan, termasuk projek Millennium Hutan yang ditubuhkan pada 2002 untuk menanam semula sebahagian daripada yang hilang Great Wood dan kini yang dikendalikan oleh Saint Helena National Trust. Apabila pulau itu ditemui, ia dipenuhi dengan tumbuh-tumbuhan asli yang unik, termasuk spesies pokok kubis yang luar biasa. Pedalaman pulau itu mestilah hutan tropika yang padat tetapi kawasan pesisir mungkin juga agak hijau. Landskap moden adalah sangat berbeza, dengan batu yang terdedah meluas di kawasan-kawasan yang lebih rendah, walaupun pedalaman ia adalah hijau, terutamanya kerana tumbuh-tumbuhan diperkenalkan. Tiada mamalia darat asli, tetapi lembu, kucing, anjing, keledai, kambing, tikus, arnab, tikus dan biri-biri telah diperkenalkan, dan spesies terjejas teruk akibat. Perubahan dramatik dalam landskap mesti dikaitkan dengan perkenalan ini. Hasilnya, pokok tali (Acalypha rubrinervis) dan zaitun St Helena (Nesiota elliptica) kini pupus, dan banyak tumbuhan endemik lain diancam kepupusan. <> Berapa batu persegi ialah Saint Helena? || 47 <> Apa jenis batu yang kawasan pesisir Saint Helena dilindungi? || gunung berapi <> Berapa kaki tinggi tertinggi di Saint Helena? || 2,684 <> Tahun apa Puncak Diana secara rasminya menjadi taman negeri? || 1996 <> Apa yang dibentuk pada tahun 2002 untuk menanam semula bahagian kayu yang hebat? || Projek Millennium Forest", {"qas": [{"question": "How many square miles is Saint Helena?", "id": "56e06714231d4119001ac09f", "answers": [{"text": "47", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of rock are coastal regions of Saint Helena covered with?", "id": "56e06714231d4119001ac0a0", "answers": [{"text": "volcanic", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many feet high is the highest peak of Saint Helena?", "id": "56e06714231d4119001ac0a1", "answers": [{"text": "2,684", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Diana's Peak officially become a state park?", "id": "56e06714231d4119001ac0a2", "answers": [{"text": "1996", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was formed in 2002 to replant parts of the great wood?", "id": "56e06714231d4119001ac0a3", "answers": [{"text": "Millennium Forest project", "answer_start": 559}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The island of Saint Helena has a total area of 122 km2 (47 sq mi), and is composed largely of rugged terrain of volcanic origin (the last volcanic eruptions occurred about 7 million years ago). Coastal areas are covered in volcanic rock and warmer and drier than the centre. The highest point of the island is Diana's Peak at 818 m (2,684 ft). In 1996 it became the island's first national park. Much of the island is covered by New Zealand flax, a legacy of former industry, but there are some original trees augmented by plantations, including those of the Millennium Forest project which was established in 2002 to replant part of the lost Great Wood and is now managed by the Saint Helena National Trust. When the island was discovered, it was covered with unique indigenous vegetation, including a remarkable cabbage tree species. The island's hinterland must have been a dense tropical forest but the coastal areas were probably also quite green. The modern landscape is very different, with widespread bare rock in the lower areas, although inland it is green, mainly due to introduced vegetation. There are no native land mammals, but cattle, cats, dogs, donkeys, goats, mice, rabbits, rats and sheep have been introduced, and native species have been adversely affected as a result. The dramatic change in landscape must be attributed to these introductions. As a result, the string tree (Acalypha rubrinervis) and the St Helena olive (Nesiota elliptica) are now extinct, and many of the other endemic plants are threatened with extinction."}], ["Burung kebangsaan Saint Helena adalah plover Saint Helena, yang dikenali sebagai burung pelaut. Ia kelihatan pada lambang Saint Helena dan pada bendera. <> Apakah burung negara Saint Helena? || Saint Helena plover <> Apakah Plover dikenali sebagai tempatan? || wirebird", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the national bird of Saint Helena?", "id": "56e067e7231d4119001ac0af", "answers": [{"text": "the Saint Helena plover", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Plover known locally as?", "id": "56e067e7231d4119001ac0b0", "answers": [{"text": "wirebird", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The national bird of Saint Helena is the Saint Helena plover, known locally as the wirebird. It appears on the coat of arms of Saint Helena and on the flag."}], ["Saint Helena dibahagikan kepada lapan daerah, masing-masing dengan pusat komuniti. Daerah-daerah juga berfungsi sebagai subdivisi statistik. Pulau ini adalah kawasan pemilihan tunggal dan memilih dua belas wakil kepada Majlis Perundangan lima belas. <> Berapa banyak daerah adalah pulau Saint Helena dibahagikan kepada? || lapan <> Apakah daerah-daerah itu juga berfungsi? || subdivisi statistik", {"qas": [{"question": "How many districts is the island of Saint Helena divided into?", "id": "56e068fb7aa994140058e45d", "answers": [{"text": "eight", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do the districts also serve as?", "id": "56e068fb7aa994140058e45e", "answers": [{"text": "statistical subdivisions", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Saint Helena is divided into eight districts, each with a community centre. The districts also serve as statistical subdivisions. The island is a single electoral area and elects twelve representatives to the Legislative Council of fifteen."}], ["Buruh Cina yang diimport tiba pada tahun 1810, mencapai puncak 618 pada tahun 1818, selepas angka itu berkurangan. Hanya beberapa lelaki yang lebih tua yang tinggal selepas Mahkota British mengambil alih kerajaan pulau itu dari Syarikat India Timur pada tahun 1834. Majoriti dihantar kembali ke China, walaupun rekod di Cape mencadangkan bahawa mereka tidak pernah mendapat lebih jauh daripada Cape Town. Terdapat juga beberapa orang laskar India yang bekerja di bawah tuan pelabuhan. <> Bilakah pekerja China yang diimport tiba? || 1810 <> Berapa banyak buruh Cina yang diimport berada di puncak pengimportan? || 618 <> Berapa tahunkah pengimportan pekerja Buruh China? || 1818", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Imported Chinese labor arrive?", "id": "56e06a5e231d4119001ac0d7", "answers": [{"text": "1810", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many imported Chinese laborers were there at the peak of importation?", "id": "56e06a5e231d4119001ac0d8", "answers": [{"text": "618", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did importation of Chinese Laborers peak?", "id": "56e06a5e231d4119001ac0d9", "answers": [{"text": "1818", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Imported Chinese labourers arrived in 1810, reaching a peak of 618 in 1818, after which numbers were reduced. Only a few older men remained after the British Crown took over the government of the island from the East India Company in 1834. The majority were sent back to China, although records in the Cape suggest that they never got any farther than Cape Town. There were also a very few Indian lascars who worked under the harbour master."}], ["Kebanyakan penduduk tergolong dalam Perjumpaan Anglikan dan merupakan ahli keuskupan St Helena, yang mempunyai uskupnya sendiri dan termasuk Pulau Ascension. Ulang tahun Keuskupan Keuskupan ke-150 disambut pada bulan Jun 2009. <> Apa komuniti yang paling ramai penduduk pulau itu? || Anglican <> Bilakah ulang tahun ke-150 keuskupan yang disambut? || Jun 2009 <> Bukan sahaja kebanyakan penduduk pulau komunis Anglikan, tapi apa lagi? || Keuskupan St Helena <> Keuskupan Saint Helena mempunyai apa itu sendiri? || uskup", {"qas": [{"question": "What communion do most residents of the island belong to?", "id": "56e06be17aa994140058e48b", "answers": [{"text": "Anglican", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the 150th anniversary of the diocese celebrated?", "id": "56e06be17aa994140058e48c", "answers": [{"text": "June 2009", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Not only are most residents of the island members of the Anglican communion, but what else?", "id": "56e06be17aa994140058e48d", "answers": [{"text": "the Diocese of St Helena", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Diocese of Saint Helena has it's own what?", "id": "56e06be17aa994140058e48e", "answers": [{"text": "bishop", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Most residents belong to the Anglican Communion and are members of the Diocese of St Helena, which has its own bishop and includes Ascension Island. The 150th anniversary of the diocese was celebrated in June 2009."}], ["Warga Saint Helena memegang kewarganegaraan Wilayah Luar Negara British. Pada 21 Mei 2002, kewarganegaraan British sepenuhnya telah dipulihkan oleh Akta Wilayah Luar Negara British 2002. Lihat juga undang-undang kewarganegaraan British. <> Kewarganegaraan jenis apakah yang dilakukan penduduk Saint Helena? || Kewarganegaraan Wilayah Luar Negara British <> Pada tarikh apakah kewarganegaraan penuh British dipulihkan kepada penduduk pulau itu? || 21 Mei 2002 <> Apa tindakan memulihkan kewarganegaraan penuh British terhadap penduduk Saint Helena? || Akta Wilayah Luar Negara British 2002", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of citizenship do the citizens of Saint Helena hold?", "id": "56e06abd7aa994140058e47d", "answers": [{"text": "British Overseas Territories citizenship", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was full British citizenship restored to the citizens of the island?", "id": "56e06abd7aa994140058e47e", "answers": [{"text": "21 May 2002", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What act restored the full British citizenship of the citizens of Saint Helena?", "id": "56e06abd7aa994140058e47f", "answers": [{"text": "British Overseas Territories Act 2002", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The citizens of Saint Helena hold British Overseas Territories citizenship. On 21 May 2002, full British citizenship was restored by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002. See also British nationality law."}], ["Pada tahun 1840, St Helena menjadi stesen penyediaan untuk Skuadron Afrika Barat Britania, menghalang perbudakan ke Brazil (terutamanya), dan beribu-ribu hamba dibebaskan di pulau itu. Ini semua orang Afrika, dan kira-kira 500 tinggal sementara selebihnya dihantar ke Hindia Barat dan Cape Town, dan akhirnya ke Sierra Leone. <> Pada tahun 1840 apakah yang menjadi Saint Helena? || sebuah stesen penyediaan <> Apa skuadron adalah stesen penyediaan untuk Saint Helena? || British West Africa Squadron <> Apa negara yang melakukan Skuadron British West Africa menghalang budak daripada dihantar ke? || Brazil <> Berapa ramai budak yang tinggal di pulau itu selepas dibebaskan? || 500 <> Berapa ramai budak yang dibebaskan dari pulau itu? || beribu-ribu", {"qas": [{"question": "In 1840 what did Saint Helena become?", "id": "56e06a027aa994140058e46f", "answers": [{"text": "a provisioning station", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What squadron was Saint Helena a provisioning station for?", "id": "56e06a027aa994140058e470", "answers": [{"text": "British West Africa Squadron", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country did the British West Africa Squadron prevent slaves from being sent to?", "id": "56e06a027aa994140058e471", "answers": [{"text": "Brazil", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many slaves ended up staying on the island after being freed?", "id": "56e06a027aa994140058e472", "answers": [{"text": "500", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many slaves were freed from the island?", "id": "56e06a027aa994140058e473", "answers": [{"text": "many thousands", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1840, St Helena became a provisioning station for the British West Africa Squadron, preventing slavery to Brazil (mainly), and many thousands of slaves were freed on the island. These were all African, and about 500 stayed while the rest were sent on to the West Indies and Cape Town, and eventually to Sierra Leone."}], ["Semasa tempoh pengangguran, terdapat pola pergerakan panjang dari pulau sejak zaman pasca Napoleon. Majoriti \"Orang Suci\" berhijrah ke UK, Afrika Selatan dan pada awal tahun, Australia. Penduduknya semakin menurun sejak akhir tahun 1980-an dan turun dari 5,157 pada tahun 1998 hingga 4,255 pada tahun 2008. Pada masa lalu, pergerakan emigrasi telah dicirikan oleh orang-orang muda yang tidak berpengalaman meninggalkan untuk bekerja pada kontrak jangka panjang di Ascension dan Kepulauan Falkland, tetapi sejak \"Orang Suci\" telah dianugerahkan kewarganegaraan Inggeris pada tahun 2002, penghijrahan ke UK oleh pelbagai golongan upah yang lebih luas telah mempercepatkan kerana prospek upah yang lebih tinggi dan prospek perkembangan yang lebih baik. <> Apakah terdapat corak panjang dari pulau yang bermula semasa tempoh Napoleon? || emigrasi <> Bilakah penduduk pulau mula semakin menurun? || lewat tahun 1980an <> Apa faktor besar dalam emigrasi ke UK? || prospek upah yang lebih tinggi", {"qas": [{"question": "What was there a long pattern of from the island starting during the post Napoleonic period?", "id": "56e06b557aa994140058e483", "answers": [{"text": "emigration", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the population of the island start to steadily decline?", "id": "56e06b557aa994140058e484", "answers": [{"text": "late 1980s", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was a big factor in emmigration to the UK?", "id": "56e06b557aa994140058e486", "answers": [{"text": "prospect of higher wages", "answer_start": 632}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During periods of unemployment, there has been a long pattern of emigration from the island since the post-Napoleonic period. The majority of \"Saints\" emigrated to the UK, South Africa and in the early years, Australia. The population has steadily declined since the late 1980s and has dropped from 5,157 at the 1998 census to 4,255 in 2008. In the past emigration was characterised by young unaccompanied persons leaving to work on long-term contracts on Ascension and the Falkland Islands, but since \"Saints\" were re-awarded UK citizenship in 2002, emigration to the UK by a wider range of wage-earners has accelerated due to the prospect of higher wages and better progression prospects."}], ["Terdapat beberapa batu dan pulau di luar pantai termasuk: Castle Rock, Speery Island, Needle, Lower Black Rock, Upper Black Rock (Selatan), Pulau Burung (Barat Daya), Black Rock, Pulau Lembah Thompson, Pulau Puncak, Pulau Telur , Pengetua Lady, Lighter Rock (Barat), Long Ledge (Northwest), Pulau Shore, Pulau George, Pulau Rough Rock, Flat Rock (Timur), Buoys, Pulau Sandy Bay, Chimney, Pulau Burung Putih dan Frightus Rock ), yang semuanya berada dalam jarak satu kilometer (0.62 batu) dari pantai. <> Seberapa dekat roket dan islet di luar pantai? || satu kilometer <> Arah mana dari pulau itu adalah Upper Black Rock yang terletak? || Selatan <> Arah yang mana dari pulau ini ialah Pulau Burung? || Barat daya <> Arah yang mana dari pulau itu adalah Lighter Rock? || Barat <> Arah yang mana dari pulau ini ialah Frightus Rock? || Tenggara", {"qas": [{"question": "How close are the rockets and islets off the coast?", "id": "56e067a27aa994140058e453", "answers": [{"text": "one kilometre", "answer_start": 475}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which direction from the island is Upper Black Rock located?", "id": "56e067a27aa994140058e454", "answers": [{"text": "South", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which direction from the island is Bird Island located?", "id": "56e067a27aa994140058e455", "answers": [{"text": "Southwest", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which direction from the island is Lighter Rock located?", "id": "56e067a27aa994140058e456", "answers": [{"text": "West", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which direction from the island is Frightus Rock located?", "id": "56e067a27aa994140058e457", "answers": [{"text": "Southeast", "answer_start": 439}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are several rocks and islets off the coast, including: Castle Rock, Speery Island, the Needle, Lower Black Rock, Upper Black Rock (South), Bird Island (Southwest), Black Rock, Thompson's Valley Island, Peaked Island, Egg Island, Lady's Chair, Lighter Rock (West), Long Ledge (Northwest), Shore Island, George Island, Rough Rock Island, Flat Rock (East), the Buoys, Sandy Bay Island, the Chimney, White Bird Island and Frightus Rock (Southeast), all of which are within one kilometre (0.62 miles) of the shore."}], ["Iklim Saint Helena adalah tropika, laut dan ringan, marah oleh Benguela Current dan angin perdagangan yang meletup hampir berterusan. Iklim berbeza-beza di seluruh pulau. Suhu di Jamestown, di tepi pantai utara, berkisar antara 21-28 \u00b0 C (70-82 \u00b0 F) pada musim panas (Januari hingga April) dan 17-24 \u00b0 C (63-75 \u00b0 F) semasa selebihnya tahun. Suhu di kawasan tengah rata-rata, 5-6 \u00b0 C (9.0-10.8 \u00b0 F) lebih rendah. Jamestown juga mempunyai hujan tahunan yang sangat rendah, manakala 750-1,000 mm (30-39 in) jatuh setiap tahun di tanah yang lebih tinggi dan pantai selatan, di mana ia juga kelihatan lebih awali. Terdapat stesen rakaman cuaca di daerah Longwood dan Blue Hill. <> Apa yang menjejaskan alam sekitar Saint Helena? || Benguela Current <> Rata-rata, berapa suhu yang lebih rendah di kawasan pusat di celcius? || 5-6", {"qas": [{"question": "What current affects the environment of Saint Helena?", "id": "56e0689b231d4119001ac0bb", "answers": [{"text": "Benguela Current", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On average, how much lower are the temperatures in the central areas in celsius?", "id": "56e0689b231d4119001ac0be", "answers": [{"text": "5\u20136", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The climate of Saint Helena is tropical, marine and mild, tempered by the Benguela Current and trade winds that blow almost continuously. The climate varies noticeably across the island. Temperatures in Jamestown, on the north leeward shore, range between 21\u201328 \u00b0C (70\u201382 \u00b0F) in the summer (January to April) and 17\u201324 \u00b0C (63\u201375 \u00b0F) during the remainder of the year. The temperatures in the central areas are, on average, 5\u20136 \u00b0C (9.0\u201310.8 \u00b0F) lower. Jamestown also has a very low annual rainfall, while 750\u20131,000 mm (30\u201339 in) falls per year on the higher ground and the south coast, where it is also noticeably cloudier. There are weather recording stations in the Longwood and Blue Hill districts."}], ["Saint Helena pertama kali diselesaikan oleh bahasa Inggeris pada tahun 1659, dan pulau ini mempunyai populasi kira-kira 4,250 penduduk, terutamanya turun dari orang-orang dari Britain - peneroka (\"penanam\") dan askar - dan hamba yang dibawa ke sana dari permulaan penyelesaian - pada mulanya dari Afrika (Kepulauan Cape Verde, Gold Coast dan pantai barat Afrika disebut dalam rekod awal), kemudian India dan Madagascar. Akhirnya penanam merasakan terdapat terlalu banyak budak dan tidak lagi diimport selepas 1792. <> Bilakah Saint Helena pertama diselesaikan? || 1659 <> Apa populasi pulau itu pada 1659 || 4,250 <> Di manakah hamba mula dibawa ke pulau itu? || Afrika <> Kemudian, apa dua lokasi yang dibawa hamba? || India dan Madagaskar <Tahun manakah penduduknya memutuskan ada terlalu banyak budak? || 1792", {"qas": [{"question": "When was Saint Helena first settled?", "id": "56e06979231d4119001ac0c7", "answers": [{"text": "1659", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the population of the island in 1659", "id": "56e06979231d4119001ac0c8", "answers": [{"text": "4,250", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were slaves initially brought from to the island?", "id": "56e06979231d4119001ac0c9", "answers": [{"text": "Africa", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Later on, what two locations were slaves brought from?", "id": "56e06979231d4119001ac0ca", "answers": [{"text": "India and Madagascar", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which year did the inhabitants decide there were too many slaves?", "id": "56e06979231d4119001ac0cb", "answers": [{"text": "1792", "answer_start": 496}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Saint Helena was first settled by the English in 1659, and the island has a population of about 4,250 inhabitants, mainly descended from people from Britain \u2013 settlers (\"planters\") and soldiers \u2013 and slaves who were brought there from the beginning of settlement \u2013 initially from Africa (the Cape Verde Islands, Gold Coast and west coast of Africa are mentioned in early records), then India and Madagascar. Eventually the planters felt there were too many slaves and no more were imported after 1792."}], ["Industri pelancongan banyak didasarkan pada promosi pidana Napoleon. Padang golf juga ada dan kemungkinan untuk pelancongan sukan yang hebat. Tiga hotel beroperasi di pulau itu tetapi ketibaan pelancong secara langsung dikaitkan dengan jadual ketibaan dan keberangkatan RMS St Helena. Sebanyak 3,200 pelawat jangka pendek tiba di pulau itu pada tahun 2013. <> Apa industri pelancongan yang kebanyakannya berasaskan? || promosi penganiayaan Napoleon <> Apa jenis pelancongan memancing yang berlaku di pulau itu? || sportfishing <> Berapa banyak hotel di pulau itu? || 3 <> Pelancongan sepenuhnya berdasarkan apa yang tiba di pulau itu? || RMS St Helena", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the tourist industry mostly based around?", "id": "56e0716c231d4119001ac149", "answers": [{"text": "the promotion of Napoleon's imprisonment", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of fishing tourism occurs on the island?", "id": "56e0716c231d4119001ac14a", "answers": [{"text": "sportfishing", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many hotels are on the island?", "id": "56e0716c231d4119001ac14b", "answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tourism is completely based on what arriving to the island?", "id": "56e0716c231d4119001ac14d", "answers": [{"text": "the RMS St Helena", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The tourist industry is heavily based on the promotion of Napoleon's imprisonment. A golf course also exists and the possibility for sportfishing tourism is great. Three hotels operate on the island but the arrival of tourists is directly linked to the arrival and departure schedule of the RMS St Helena. Some 3,200 short-term visitors arrived on the island in 2013."}], ["Walau bagaimanapun, kepelbagaian biologi St Helena juga termasuk vertebrata marin, invertebrat (air tawar, daratan dan marin), kulat (termasuk spesies pembentuk lichen), tumbuhan bukan vaskular, rumpai laut dan kumpulan biologi yang lain. Sehingga kini, sangat sedikit diketahui tentang ini, walaupun lebih daripada 200 kulat membentuk lichen telah direkodkan, termasuk 9 endemik, menunjukkan bahawa banyak penemuan penting masih dibuat. <> Berapa banyak lichen membentuk kulat telah direkodkan di pulau itu? || lebih daripada 200 <> Berapa banyak spesies endemik kulat telah ditemui? || 9 <> Apakah jenis invertebrata yang terdapat di pulau itu? || air tawar, daratan dan marin", {"qas": [{"question": "How many lichen forming fungi have been recorded on the island?", "id": "56e07080231d4119001ac131", "answers": [{"text": "more than 200", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many endemic species of fungi have been found?", "id": "56e07080231d4119001ac132", "answers": [{"text": "9", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of invertebrates have been found on the island?", "id": "56e07080231d4119001ac133", "answers": [{"text": "freshwater, terrestrial and marine", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "St Helena's biodiversity, however, also includes marine vertebrates, invertebrates (freshwater, terrestrial and marine), fungi (including lichen-forming species), non-vascular plants, seaweeds and other biological groups. To date, very little is known about these, although more than 200 lichen-forming fungi have been recorded, including 9 endemics, suggesting that many significant discoveries remain to be made."}], ["Pada 2012, kerajaan St. Helena membiayai penubuhan Pelan Tindakan Hak Asasi Manusia St Helena 2012-2015. Kerja sedang dilakukan di bawah pelan tindakan ini, termasuk penerbitan artikel peningkatan kesedaran di akhbar tempatan, memberikan sokongan kepada orang awam dengan pertanyaan hak asasi manusia, dan memperluaskan beberapa Konvensyen PBB mengenai hak asasi manusia ke St. Helena. <> Apa yang dilakukan kerajaan dana Saint Helena pada tahun 2012? || Pelan Tindakan Hak Asasi Manusia St. Helena 2012-2015 <> Apakah artikel yang diterbitkan untuk membantu pelan ini? || artikel peningkatan kesedaran <> Bagaimana sokongan untuk orang awam diberikan? || dengan pertanyaan hak asasi manusia", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the government of Saint Helena fund in 2012?", "id": "56e06ed17aa994140058e4b3", "answers": [{"text": "St. Helena Human Rights Action Plan 2012-2015", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of articles were published to help this plan?", "id": "56e06ed17aa994140058e4b4", "answers": [{"text": "awareness-raising articles", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How was support for members of the public given?", "id": "56e06ed17aa994140058e4b5", "answers": [{"text": "with human rights queries", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2012, the government of St. Helena funded the creation of the St. Helena Human Rights Action Plan 2012-2015. Work is being done under this action plan, including publishing awareness-raising articles in local newspapers, providing support for members of the public with human rights queries, and extending several UN Conventions on human rights to St. Helena."}], ["Dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini, terdapat laporan penderaan kanak-kanak di St Helena. Pejabat Luar dan Komanwel Britain (FCO) telah dituduh berbohong kepada Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu mengenai penderaan kanak-kanak di St Helena untuk menutup tuduhan, termasuk kes-kes seorang pegawai polis yang merogol seorang gadis berusia empat tahun dan seorang pegawai polis yang rosak seorang kanak-kanak berumur dua tahun. <> Apa yang lebih jelas dilaporkan pada tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini di Saint Helena? || laporan penderaan kanak-kanak <> Siapa yang telah dituduh berbohong mengenai isu penyalahgunaan kanak-kanak Saint Helena? || Pejabat Luar Negara dan Komanwel Britain <> Siapa yang telah Pejabat Luar dan Komanwel Britain dituduh berbohong terhadap penderaan kanak-kanak? || Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu", {"qas": [{"question": "What has been more prominently reported in recent years in Saint Helena?", "id": "56e06f74231d4119001ac11d", "answers": [{"text": "reports of child abuse", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has been accused of lying about the child abuse issue of Saint Helena?", "id": "56e06f74231d4119001ac11e", "answers": [{"text": "Britain\u2019s Foreign and Commonwealth Office", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has Britain\u2019s Foreign and Commonwealth Office been accused of lying to about child abuse?", "id": "56e06f74231d4119001ac11f", "answers": [{"text": "the United Nations", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In recent years[when?], there have been reports of child abuse in St Helena. Britain\u2019s Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) has been accused of lying to the United Nations about child abuse in St Helena to cover up allegations, including cases of a police officer having raped a four-year-old girl and of a police officer having mutilated a two-year-old."}], ["Kuasa eksekutif di Saint Helena terletak pada Queen Elizabeth II dan dilaksanakan atas namanya oleh Gabenor Saint Helena. Gabenor dilantik oleh Ratu atas nasihat pemerintah British. Pertahanan dan Hal Ehwal Luar Negeri tetap menjadi tanggungjawab United Kingdom. <> Siapa yang mempunyai kuasa eksekutif di Saint Helena? || Ratu Elizabeth II <> Siapa yang menjalankan kewenangan bagi pihak ratu di Saint Helena? || Gabenor <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab untuk Pertahanan dan Luar Negeri? || United Kingdom", {"qas": [{"question": "Who has executive authority in Saint Helena?", "id": "56e06cf57aa994140058e497", "answers": [{"text": "Queen Elizabeth II", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who exercises the authority on behalf of the queen in Saint Helena?", "id": "56e06cf57aa994140058e498", "answers": [{"text": "the Governor", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is responsible for Defence and Foreign Affairs?", "id": "56e06cf57aa994140058e49a", "answers": [{"text": "the United Kingdom", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Executive authority in Saint Helena is vested in Queen Elizabeth II and is exercised on her behalf by the Governor of Saint Helena. The Governor is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the British government. Defence and Foreign Affairs remain the responsibility of the United Kingdom."}], ["Pulau ini mempunyai ekonomi monocrop hingga tahun 1966, berdasarkan penanaman dan pemprosesan rami New Zealand untuk tali dan tali. Ekonomi St Helena kini lemah, dan hampir sepenuhnya dikekalkan oleh bantuan dari kerajaan British. Sektor awam menguasai ekonomi, mencakupi kira-kira 50% daripada keluaran dalam negara kasar. Inflasi telah berjalan pada kadar 4% pada tahun 2005. Terdapat kenaikan kos bahan api, kuasa dan semua barangan yang diimport. <> Apa jenis tanaman ekonomi yang asalnya Pulau? || monocrop <> Berapa tahun perubahan ekonomi tanaman? || 1966 <> Apa yang dihasilkan semasa Pulau itu monocrop? || flax <> Ekonomi Saint Helena sekarang hampir sepenuhnya dikekalkan oleh apa? || bantuan daripada kerajaan Britain <> Berapa banyak% pengeluaran yang dimiliki oleh sektor awam? || 50%", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of crop economy did the Island originally have?", "id": "56e070fd231d4119001ac137", "answers": [{"text": "monocrop", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the crop economy change?", "id": "56e070fd231d4119001ac138", "answers": [{"text": "1966", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was produced during the time the Island was monocrop?", "id": "56e070fd231d4119001ac139", "answers": [{"text": "flax", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Saint Helena's economy is now almost completely sustained by what?", "id": "56e070fd231d4119001ac13a", "answers": [{"text": "aid from the British government", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much % of production does the public sector cover?", "id": "56e070fd231d4119001ac13b", "answers": [{"text": "50%", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The island had a monocrop economy until 1966, based on the cultivation and processing of New Zealand flax for rope and string. St Helena's economy is now weak, and is almost entirely sustained by aid from the British government. The public sector dominates the economy, accounting for about 50% of gross domestic product. Inflation was running at 4% in 2005. There have been increases in the cost of fuel, power and all imported goods."}], ["St Helena telah lama dikenali dengan proporsi burung endemik dan tumbuhan vaskular yang tinggi. Kawasan dataran tinggi mengandungi sebahagian besar daripada 400 spesies endemik yang diiktiraf setakat ini. Kebanyakan pulau telah dikenalpasti oleh BirdLife International sebagai penting untuk pemuliharaan burung, terutamanya endemik Saint Helena plover atau wirebird, dan bagi burung laut pembiakan di pulau-pulau kecil dan susunan pantai, di tenggara-timur dan selatan-barat Kawasan Burung Penting . Atas dasar endemik ini dan pelbagai habitat yang luar biasa, Saint Helena berada pada senarai tentatif United Kingdom untuk Tapak Warisan Dunia UNESCO masa depan. <> Saint Helena mempunyai proporsi yang tinggi dari jenis burung apa? || endemik <> Apakah jenis tumbuh-tumbuhan yang biasa di Saint Helena? || vaskular <> Apa organisasi yang dikenal pasti Saint Helena sebagai penting untuk pemuliharaan burung? || BirdLife International <> Saint Helena berada di senarai United Kingdom untuk masa depan apa? || Tapak Warisan Dunia UNESCO", {"qas": [{"question": "Saint Helena has a high proportion of what kind of birds?", "id": "56e07007231d4119001ac127", "answers": [{"text": "endemic", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of plants are common on Saint Helena?", "id": "56e07007231d4119001ac128", "answers": [{"text": "vascular", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization identified Saint Helena as important for bird conservation?", "id": "56e07007231d4119001ac12a", "answers": [{"text": "BirdLife International", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": " Saint Helena is on the United Kingdom's list for future what?", "id": "56e07007231d4119001ac12b", "answers": [{"text": "UNESCO World Heritage Sites", "answer_start": 589}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "St Helena has long been known for its high proportion of endemic birds and vascular plants. The highland areas contain most of the 400 endemic species recognised to date. Much of the island has been identified by BirdLife International as being important for bird conservation, especially the endemic Saint Helena plover or wirebird, and for seabirds breeding on the offshore islets and stacks, in the north-east and the south-west Important Bird Areas. On the basis of these endemics and an exceptional range of habitats, Saint Helena is on the United Kingdom's tentative list for future UNESCO World Heritage Sites."}], ["Denominasi Kristian lain di pulau itu termasuk: Katolik Roman (sejak 1852), Salvation Army (sejak tahun 1884), Baptist (sejak 1845) dan, pada masa yang lebih baru, Adventist Seventh-day (sejak 1949), Apostolik Baru dan Saksi- yang satu dalam 35 penduduk adalah ahli, nisbah tertinggi mana-mana negara). Umat Katolik dipelihara secara berkala oleh Misi sui iuris Saint Helena, Ascension dan Tristan da Cunha, yang mana pejabat tinggi gerejanya terletak pada Prefektur Apostolik Kepulauan Falkland. <> Bilakah Roman Katolik mula muncul di pulau itu? || 1852 <> Tahun berapakah Salvation Army muncul di Saint Helenas? || 1884 <> Bilakah Baptis datang ke pulau itu? || 1845 <> Berapa banyak Saksi di Johovah berada di pulau itu? || 35 <> Bilakah Adventist Ketujuh tiba di pulau itu? || 1949", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Roman Catholics start to appear on the island?", "id": "56e06c87231d4119001ac0f3", "answers": [{"text": "1852", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the Salvation Army show up on Saint Helenas?", "id": "56e06c87231d4119001ac0f4", "answers": [{"text": "1884", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Baptists come to the island?", "id": "56e06c87231d4119001ac0f5", "answers": [{"text": "1845", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Johovah's Witnesses were on the island?", "id": "56e06c87231d4119001ac0f6", "answers": [{"text": "35", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Seventh-day Adventist arrive on the island?", "id": "56e06c87231d4119001ac0f7", "answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Other Christian denominations on the island include: Roman Catholic (since 1852), Salvation Army (since 1884), Baptist (since 1845) and, in more recent times, Seventh-day Adventist (since 1949), New Apostolic and Jehovah's Witnesses (of which one in 35 residents is a member, the highest ratio of any country). The Catholics are pastorally served by the Mission sui iuris of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, whose office of ecclesiastical superior is vested in the Apostolic Prefecture of the Falkland Islands."}], ["Seorang pengulas telah memerhatikan bahawa, walaupun pengangguran yang tinggi akibat kehilangan pasport penuh pada 1981-2002, tahap kesetiaan kepada monarki British oleh penduduk St Helena mungkin tidak melebihi mana-mana bahagian dunia. Raja George VI adalah satu-satunya raja yang memerintah untuk melawat pulau itu. Ini pada tahun 1947 ketika Raja, disertai oleh Ratu Elizabeth (kemudian Ibu Ratu), Putri Elizabeth (kemudian Ratu Elizabeth II) dan Putri Margaret pergi ke Afrika Selatan. Prince Philip tiba di St Helena pada tahun 1957 dan kemudian anaknya Prince Andrew melawat sebagai anggota angkatan tentera pada tahun 1984 dan kakaknya Princess Royal tiba pada tahun 2002. <> Apa yang menyebabkan pengangguran yang tinggi di pulau itu? || kehilangan pasport penuh <> Siapa satu-satunya Raja yang memerintah untuk melawat pulau itu? || Raja George VI <> Tahun berapakah Raja George VI melawat pulau itu? || 1947 <> Bilakah Putera Phillip tiba di Saint Helena? || 1957 <> Prince Andrews, anak putera Phillip melawat tahun berapa? || 1984", {"qas": [{"question": "What caused high unemployment on the island?", "id": "56e06e4a7aa994140058e4a9", "answers": [{"text": "loss of full passports", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the only reigning Monarch to have visited the island?", "id": "56e06e4a7aa994140058e4aa", "answers": [{"text": "King George VI", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did King George VI visit the island?", "id": "56e06e4a7aa994140058e4ab", "answers": [{"text": "1947", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Prince Phillip arrive in Saint Helena?", "id": "56e06e4a7aa994140058e4ac", "answers": [{"text": "1957", "answer_start": 563}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Prince Andrews, son of Prince Phillip visited in what year?", "id": "56e06e4a7aa994140058e4ad", "answers": [{"text": "1984", "answer_start": 642}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One commentator has observed that, notwithstanding the high unemployment resulting from the loss of full passports during 1981\u20132002, the level of loyalty to the British monarchy by the St Helena population is probably not exceeded in any other part of the world. King George VI is the only reigning monarch to have visited the island. This was in 1947 when the King, accompanied by Queen Elizabeth (later the Queen Mother), Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II) and Princess Margaret were travelling to South Africa. Prince Philip arrived at St Helena in 1957 and then his son Prince Andrew visited as a member of the armed forces in 1984 and his sister the Princess Royal arrived in 2002."}], ["Terdapat lima belas tempat duduk di Dewan Perwakilan Saint Helena, badan legislatif unicameral, sebagai tambahan kepada Speaker dan Wakil Pembicara. Dua belas daripada lima belas ahli dipilih dalam pemilihan yang diadakan setiap empat tahun. Tiga orang pegawai ex officio adalah Ketua Setiausaha, Setiausaha Kewangan dan Peguam Negara. Majlis Eksekutif dipengerusikan oleh Gabenor, dan terdiri daripada tiga orang pegawai ex officio dan lima anggota Dewan Undangan yang dipilih oleh Gubernur. Tiada Ketua Menteri yang dipilih, dan Gabenor bertindak sebagai ketua kerajaan. Pada Januari 2013 dicadangkan bahawa Majlis Eksekutif akan diketuai oleh \"Ketua Majlis\" yang akan dipilih oleh ahli-ahli Majlis Undangan dan akan menamakan ahli-ahli Majlis Eksekutif yang lain. Cadangan-cadangan ini dimasukkan ke dalam referendum pada 23 Mac 2013 di mana mereka dikalahkan oleh 158 undi kepada 42 pada pemilihan 10%. <> Berapa banyak kerusi yang ada di Majlis Perundangan Saint Helena? || 15 <> Siapa yang mengetuai majlis eksekutif? || Gabenor <> Kepala pemerintahan di pulau itu siapa? || Gabenor <> Bilakah cadangan untuk Ketua Majlis ditunda? || 23 Mac 2013", {"qas": [{"question": "How many seats are in the Legislative Council of Saint Helena?", "id": "56e06db77aa994140058e49f", "answers": [{"text": "15", "answer_start": 885}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who presides over the executive council?", "id": "56e06db77aa994140058e4a1", "answers": [{"text": "the Governor", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The head of government on the island is who?", "id": "56e06db77aa994140058e4a2", "answers": [{"text": "the Governor", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were proposals for a Chief Councillor put on hold?", "id": "56e06db77aa994140058e4a3", "answers": [{"text": "23 March 2013", "answer_start": 843}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are fifteen seats in the Legislative Council of Saint Helena, a unicameral legislature, in addition to a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker. Twelve of the fifteen members are elected in elections held every four years. The three ex officio members are the Chief Secretary, Financial Secretary and Attorney General. The Executive Council is presided over by the Governor, and consists of three ex officio officers and five elected members of the Legislative Council appointed by the Governor. There is no elected Chief Minister, and the Governor acts as the head of government. In January 2013 it was proposed that the Executive Council would be led by a \"Chief Councillor\" who would be elected by the members of the Legislative Council and would nominate the other members of the Executive Council. These proposals were put to a referendum on 23 March 2013 where they were defeated by 158 votes to 42 on a 10% turnout."}], ["Saint Helena adalah salah satu pulau terpencil di dunia, mempunyai satu lapangan terbang komersial dalam pembinaan, dan perjalanan ke pulau itu hanya dengan kapal. Lapangan terbang tentera yang besar terletak di Pulau Ascension, dengan dua penerbangan Jumaat ke RAF Brize Norton, England (mulai dari September 2010). Penerbangan RAF ini menawarkan bilangan kerusi terhad kepada orang awam. <> Berapa banyak lapangan terbang komersial sedang dibina di Saint Helena? || 1 <> Apakah satu-satunya kaedah perjalanan yang sedia ada ke Saint Helena? || kapal <> Sebuah lapangan terbang besar terletak di bahagian pulau apa? || Pulau Ascension <> Penerbangan macam apa yang ditawarkan kepada orang awam yang terhad? || Penerbangan RAF", {"qas": [{"question": "How many commercial airports are under construction in Saint Helena?", "id": "56e079df231d4119001ac19f", "answers": [{"text": "1", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the only method of travel currently available to Saint Helena?", "id": "56e079df231d4119001ac1a0", "answers": [{"text": "ship", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A large airfield is located on what portion of the island?", "id": "56e079df231d4119001ac1a1", "answers": [{"text": "Ascension Island", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of flights are offered to limited civilians?", "id": "56e079df231d4119001ac1a2", "answers": [{"text": "RAF flights", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Saint Helena is one of the most remote islands in the world, has one commercial airport under construction, and travel to the island is by ship only. A large military airfield is located on Ascension Island, with two Friday flights to RAF Brize Norton, England (as from September 2010). These RAF flights offer a limited number of seats to civilians."}], ["Pada tahun 1821, Saul Sulaiman mengeluarkan 70,560 token tembaga yang bernilai satu setengah bayar di St Helena oleh Solomon, Dickson dan Taylor - mungkin rakan London - yang diedarkan bersama dengan duit syiling tempatan Syarikat Timur sehingga Crown mengambil alih pulau itu pada 1836. Koin kekal sedia untuk pengumpul. <> Berapa banyak tanda-tanda tembaga dikeluarkan pada tahun 1821? || 70,560 <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan token tembaga pada tahun 1821? || Saul Sulaiman <> Berapa nilai setiap tanda tembaga? || satu setengah <> Bilakah Mahkota mengambil alih pulau itu? || 1836", {"qas": [{"question": "How many copper tokens were Issued in 1821?", "id": "56e078cb7aa994140058e531", "answers": [{"text": "70,560", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who issued the copper tokens in 1821?", "id": "56e078cb7aa994140058e532", "answers": [{"text": "Saul Solomon", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much was each copper token worth?", "id": "56e078cb7aa994140058e533", "answers": [{"text": "a halfpenny", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Crown take over the island?", "id": "56e078cb7aa994140058e534", "answers": [{"text": "1836", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1821, Saul Solomon issued a 70,560 copper tokens worth a halfpenny each Payable at St Helena by Solomon, Dickson and Taylor \u2013 presumably London partners \u2013 that circulated alongside the East India Company's local coinage until the Crown took over the island in 1836. The coin remains readily available to collectors."}], ["Keputusan kaji selidik rumah mencadangkan peratusan isi rumah yang membelanjakan kurang daripada \u00a3 20 seminggu pada asas per kapita jatuh dari 27% hingga 8% antara 2000 dan 2004, menyiratkan kemerosotan pendapatan kemiskinan. Walau bagaimanapun, 22% penduduk mendakwa manfaat keselamatan sosial pada tahun 2006/7, kebanyakannya berumur lebih dari 60 tahun, sebuah sektor yang mewakili 20% penduduk. <> Berapa% isi rumah menghabiskan kurang dari \u00a3 20 setiap minggu pada tahun 2004 || 8% <> Berapa% daripada populasi yang menuntut manfaat keselamatan sosial pada 2006/7? || 22 <> Berapakah jumlah penduduk melebihi 60 tahun? || 20%", {"qas": [{"question": "What % of households were spending less than \u00a320 per week in 2004", "id": "56e0785c7aa994140058e52b", "answers": [{"text": "8%", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What % of the population claimed social security benefits in 2006/7?", "id": "56e0785c7aa994140058e52c", "answers": [{"text": "22", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of the population is over age 60?", "id": "56e0785c7aa994140058e52d", "answers": [{"text": "20%", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Household survey results suggest the percentage of households spending less than \u00a320 per week on a per capita basis fell from 27% to 8% between 2000 and 2004, implying a decline in income poverty. Nevertheless, 22% of the population claimed social security benefit in 2006/7, most of them aged over 60, a sector that represents 20% of the population."}], ["Saint Helena menghasilkan apa yang dikatakan kopi paling mahal di dunia. Ia juga menghasilkan dan mengeksport Tungi Spirit, yang diperbuat daripada buah pir berduri atau kaktus, Opuntia ficus-indica (\"Tungi\" adalah nama St Helenian tempatan untuk tumbuhan). Pulau Ascension, Tristan da Cunha dan Saint Helena semuanya mengeluarkan setem pos mereka sendiri yang memberikan pendapatan yang besar. <> Apa Saint Helena mempunyai yang paling mahal? || kopi <> Apakah Tungi Spirit terbuat dari? || Opuntia ficus-indica <> Pulau Ascension, Tristan da Cunha dan Saint Helena semua mengeluarkan apa yang mereka sendiri? || setem pos", {"qas": [{"question": "What does Saint Helena have the most expensive of?", "id": "56e071ca231d4119001ac153", "answers": [{"text": "coffee", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Tungi Spirit made out of?", "id": "56e071ca231d4119001ac154", "answers": [{"text": "Opuntia ficus-indica", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Ascension Island, Tristan da Cunha and Saint Helena all issue their own what?", "id": "56e071ca231d4119001ac155", "answers": [{"text": "postage stamps", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Saint Helena produces what is said to be the most expensive coffee in the world. It also produces and exports Tungi Spirit, made from the fruit of the prickly or cactus pears, Opuntia ficus-indica (\"Tungi\" is the local St Helenian name for the plant). Ascension Island, Tristan da Cunha and Saint Helena all issue their own postage stamps which provide a significant income."}], ["Kapal RMS Saint Helena berjalan antara St Helena dan Cape Town dalam perjalanan selama 5 hari, juga melawat Pulau Ascension dan Walvis Bay, dan kadang-kadang mengembara ke utara ke Tenerife dan Portland, Inggeris. Ia berlabuh di James Bay, St Helena kira-kira tiga puluh kali setahun. RMS Saint Helena adalah untuk pembatalan pada tahun 2010. Walau bagaimanapun, hayat perkhidmatannya telah dilanjutkan selama-lamanya sehingga lapangan terbang selesai. <> Apa kapal yang berjalan antara Saint Helena dan bandar Cape pada pelayaran 5 hari? || RMS Saint Helena <> Tahun apakah RMS Saint Helena sepatutnya dibatalkan? || 2010 <> Apa yang perlu diselesaikan sebelum RMS Saint Helena boleh dibatalkan? || Lapangan kapal terbang", {"qas": [{"question": "What ship runs between Saint Helena and Cape town on 5 day voyages?", "id": "56e07a52231d4119001ac1a7", "answers": [{"text": "RMS Saint Helena", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the RMS Saint Helena supposed to be decommissioned?", "id": "56e07a52231d4119001ac1a9", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What needs to be completed before the RMS Saint Helena can be decommissioned?", "id": "56e07a52231d4119001ac1aa", "answers": [{"text": "the airport", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The ship RMS Saint Helena runs between St Helena and Cape Town on a 5-day voyage, also visiting Ascension Island and Walvis Bay, and occasionally voyaging north to Tenerife and Portland, UK. It berths in James Bay, St Helena approximately thirty times per year. The RMS Saint Helena was due for decommissioning in 2010. However, its service life has been extended indefinitely until the airport is completed."}], ["Hari ini Saint Helena mempunyai mata wang sendiri, pound Saint Helena, yang bersamaan dengan paun sterling. Kerajaan Saint Helena menghasilkan duit syiling sendiri dan wang kertas. Bank of Saint Helena ditubuhkan di Saint Helena dan Pulau Ascension pada tahun 2004. Ia mempunyai cawangan di Jamestown di Saint Helena, dan Georgetown, Pulau Ascension dan mengambil alih perniagaan bank simpanan kerajaan St. Helena dan Ascension Island Savings Bank. <> Apakah mata wang Saint Helena? || Pound Saint Helena <> Kerajaan Saint Helena menghasilkan sendiri apa? || duit syiling dan wang kertas <> Berapa tahun bangun Bank Saint Helena? || 2004 <> Pound Saint Helena bersamaan dengan apa mata wang lain? || Paun Sterling", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Saint Helena currency?", "id": "56e079637aa994140058e539", "answers": [{"text": "the Saint Helena pound", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The government of Saint Helena produces it's own what?", "id": "56e079637aa994140058e53a", "answers": [{"text": "coinage and banknotes", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the Bank of Saint Helena established?", "id": "56e079637aa994140058e53b", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Saint Helena pound is at parity with what other currency?", "id": "56e079637aa994140058e53c", "answers": [{"text": "pound sterling", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Today Saint Helena has its own currency, the Saint Helena pound, which is at parity with the pound sterling. The government of Saint Helena produces its own coinage and banknotes. The Bank of Saint Helena was established on Saint Helena and Ascension Island in 2004. It has branches in Jamestown on Saint Helena, and Georgetown, Ascension Island and it took over the business of the St. Helena government savings bank and Ascension Island Savings Bank."}], ["Perbelanjaan awam naik dari \u00a3 10 juta pada 2001-02 kepada \u00a3 12 juta pada tahun 2005-06 hingga \u00a3 28 juta pada 2012-13. Sumbangan bantuan belanjawan UK kepada jumlah perbelanjaan kerajaan SHG meningkat dari \u00a3 4.6 juta kepada \u00a3 6.4 juta hingga \u00a3 12.1 juta dalam tempoh yang sama. Upah dan gaji mewakili kira-kira 38% daripada perbelanjaan berulang. <> Berapakah perbelanjaan awam di pulau itu pada tahun 2001-2002? || \u00a3 10 juta <> Dengan perbelanjaan awam 2005-06 telah meningkat kepada apa? || \u00a3 12 juta <> Pada 2012-2013, perbelanjaan awam adalah apa? || \u00a3 28m <> Bantuan UK telah meningkat kepada berapa banyak dalam tempoh yang sama? || \u00a3 12.1 juta <> Upah dan gaji mewakili berapa% perbelanjaan pulau itu? || 38%", {"qas": [{"question": "How much was public expenditure on the island in 2001-2002?", "id": "56e07321231d4119001ac163", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a310 million", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By 2005-06 public expenditure had risen to what?", "id": "56e07321231d4119001ac164", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a312 million", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2012-2013, public expenditure was what?", "id": "56e07321231d4119001ac165", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a328m", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "UK aid had risen to how much in the same period?", "id": "56e07321231d4119001ac166", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a312.1 million", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": " Wages and salaries represent how much % of the island's expenditure?", "id": "56e07321231d4119001ac167", "answers": [{"text": "38%", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Public expenditure rose from \u00a310 million in 2001-02 to \u00a312 million in 2005-06 to \u00a328m in 2012-13. The contribution of UK budgetary aid to total SHG government expenditure rose from \u00a34.6 million in to \u00a36.4 million to \u00a312.1 million over the same period. Wages and salaries represent about 38% of recurrent expenditure."}], ["Disebut harga pada tahun 2002 yang tetap, KDNK jatuh daripada \u00a3 12 juta pada tahun 1999-2000 kepada \u00a3 11 juta pada tahun 2005-06. Import kebanyakannya dari UK dan Afrika Selatan dan berjumlah \u00a3 6.4 juta pada 2004-05 (disebutkan pada asas FOB). Eksport lebih kecil, berjumlah \u00a3 0.2 juta pada 2004-05. Eksport terutamanya ikan dan kopi; Penjualan Philatelic adalah \u00a3 0.06 juta pada 2004-05. Bilangan pelancong yang terhad menghabiskan kira-kira \u00a3 0.4 juta pada 2004-05, yang mewakili sumbangan kepada KDNK sebanyak 3%. <> Apakah KDNK pulau itu pada tahun 1999-2000? || \u00a3 12 juta <> Menjelang tahun 2006 KDNK telah jatuh ke apa? || \u00a3 11 juta <> Import ke pulau kebanyakannya berlaku dari negara apa? || UK dan Afrika Selatan <> Apa eksport utama pulau itu? || ikan dan kopi <> Pelancong menghabiskan berapa banyak di tahun 2004-05? || \u00a3 0.4 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the GDP of the island in 1999-2000?", "id": "56e0724a231d4119001ac159", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a312 million", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By 2006 the GDP had dropped to what?", "id": "56e0724a231d4119001ac15a", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a311 million", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Imports to the island mostly occur from what countries?", "id": "56e0724a231d4119001ac15b", "answers": [{"text": "the UK and South Africa", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the main exports of the island?", "id": "56e0724a231d4119001ac15c", "answers": [{"text": "fish and coffee", "answer_start": 295}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tourists spent how much in  2004-05?", "id": "56e0724a231d4119001ac15d", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a30.4 million", "answer_start": 412}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Quoted at constant 2002 prices, GDP fell from \u00a312 million in 1999-2000 to \u00a311 million in 2005-06. Imports are mainly from the UK and South Africa and amounted to \u00a36.4 million in 2004-05 (quoted on an FOB basis). Exports are much smaller, amounting to \u00a30.2 million in 2004-05. Exports are mainly fish and coffee; Philatelic sales were \u00a30.06 million in 2004-05. The limited number of visiting tourists spent about \u00a30.4 million in 2004-05, representing a contribution to GDP of 3%."}], ["Selepas satu desas-desus dan perundingan yang panjang, kerajaan British mengumumkan rancangan untuk membina sebuah lapangan terbang di Saint Helena pada Mac 2005. Lapangan terbang itu dijangka siap pada tahun 2010. Namun penawar yang diluluskan, firma Itali Impregilo, tidak dipilih hingga 2008 , dan kemudian projek itu ditunda pada bulan November 2008, diduga disebabkan oleh tekanan kewangan baru yang dibawa oleh krisis Kewangan 2007-2010. Menjelang Januari 2009, pembinaan tidak dimulakan dan tiada kontrak akhir ditandatangani. Gabenor Andrew Gurr berlepas ke London dalam usaha untuk mempercepat proses dan menyelesaikan masalah. <> Bilakah pembinaan lapangan terbang di Saint Helena diumumkan? || Mac 2005 <> Lapangan terbang dijangka siap pada tahun berapa? || 2010 <> Siapa pembida yang diluluskan untuk lapangan terbang? || Impregilo <> Gabenor mana yang berangkat ke London untuk cuba mempercepat pembinaan lapangan terbang? || Andrew Gurr", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the construction of an airport in Saint Helena announced?", "id": "56e07af7231d4119001ac1af", "answers": [{"text": "March 2005", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The airport was expected to be completed by what year?", "id": "56e07af7231d4119001ac1b0", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the approved bidder for the airport?", "id": "56e07af7231d4119001ac1b1", "answers": [{"text": "Impregilo", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which governor departed to London to try to speed up the construction of the airport?", "id": "56e07af7231d4119001ac1b2", "answers": [{"text": "Andrew Gurr", "answer_start": 517}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After a long period of rumour and consultation, the British government announced plans to construct an airport in Saint Helena in March 2005. The airport was expected to be completed by 2010. However an approved bidder, the Italian firm Impregilo, was not chosen until 2008, and then the project was put on hold in November 2008, allegedly due to new financial pressures brought on by the Financial crisis of 2007\u20132010. By January 2009, construction had not commenced and no final contracts had been signed. Governor Andrew Gurr departed for London in an attempt to speed up the process and solve the problems."}], ["Tahap pengangguran rendah (31 individu pada tahun 2013, berbanding dengan 50 pada tahun 2004 dan 342 pada tahun 1998). Pekerjaan didominasi oleh sektor awam, jumlah jawatan kerajaan telah jatuh dari 1,142 pada tahun 2006 kepada lebih 800 pada 2013. Sektor swasta St Helena mempekerjakan kira-kira 45% tenaga kerja yang bekerja dan sebahagian besarnya didominasi oleh perniagaan kecil dan mikro dengan 218 perniagaan swasta yang menggunakan 886 pada tahun 2004. <> Berapa banyak orang yang menganggur di pulau itu pada tahun 2013? || 31 <> Pekerjaan di pulau itu didominasi oleh sektor apa? || awam <> Pada tahun 2013 bilangan pekerjaan kerajaan adalah apa? || 800 <> Berapa% orang yang bekerja di sektor swasta di Saint Helena? || 45 <> Berapa banyak pekerja perniagaan swasta di Saint Helena? || 218", {"qas": [{"question": "How many individuals were unemployed on the island in 2013?", "id": "56e077e77aa994140058e521", "answers": [{"text": "31", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Employment on the island is dominated by what sector?", "id": "56e077e77aa994140058e522", "answers": [{"text": "public", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2013 the number of government jobs was what?", "id": "56e077e77aa994140058e523", "answers": [{"text": "800", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What % of people are employed in the private sector in Saint Helena?", "id": "56e077e77aa994140058e524", "answers": [{"text": "45", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many private businesses employee people on Saint Helena?", "id": "56e077e77aa994140058e525", "answers": [{"text": "218", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Unemployment levels are low (31 individuals in 2013, compared to 50 in 2004 and 342 in 1998). Employment is dominated by the public sector, the number of government positions has fallen from 1,142 in 2006 to just over 800 in 2013. St Helena\u2019s private sector employs approximately 45% of the employed labour force and is largely dominated by small and micro businesses with 218 private businesses employing 886 in 2004."}], ["Pendaratan helikopter pertama di lapangan terbang baru telah dijalankan oleh Wildcat HMA.2 ZZ377 dari 825 Skuadron 201 Penerbangan, memulakan lawatan ke HMS Lancaster pada 23 Oktober 2015. <> Siapa yang melakukan pendaratan helikopter pertama di lapangan terbang? || Wildcat HMA.2 ZZ377 <> Di manakah helikopter memulakan lawatan? || HMS Lancaster <> Bilakah pesawat terbang melawat HMS Lancaster? || 23 Oktober 2015", {"qas": [{"question": "Who conducted the first helicopter landing at the airfield?", "id": "56e07c3b231d4119001ac1c7", "answers": [{"text": "Wildcat HMA.2 ZZ377", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the helicopter embark on visiting?", "id": "56e07c3b231d4119001ac1c8", "answers": [{"text": "HMS Lancaster", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the aircraft visit HMS Lancaster?", "id": "56e07c3b231d4119001ac1c9", "answers": [{"text": "23 October 2015", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first helicopter landing at the new airfield was conducted by the Wildcat HMA.2 ZZ377 from 825 Squadron 201 Flight, embarked on visiting HMS Lancaster on 23 October 2015."}], ["Minibus menawarkan perkhidmatan asas untuk membawa orang di sekitar Saint Helena, dengan kebanyakan perkhidmatan yang direka untuk membawa orang ke Jamestown selama beberapa jam pada hari kerja untuk menjalankan perniagaan mereka. Sewa kereta disediakan untuk pelawat. <> Kenderaan macam apa yang menawarkan pengangkutan asas kepada orang-orang di Saint Helena? || Minibus <> Di manakah perjalanan bas mini? || Jamestown <> Pada hari berapa minibus membawa orang ke Jamestown? || hari bekerja", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of vehicle offers basic transportation to people in Saint Helena?", "id": "56e07ca67aa994140058e563", "answers": [{"text": "A minibus", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the minibus travel to?", "id": "56e07ca67aa994140058e564", "answers": [{"text": "Jamestown", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what days does the minibus take people into Jamestown?", "id": "56e07ca67aa994140058e566", "answers": [{"text": "weekdays", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A minibus offers a basic service to carry people around Saint Helena, with most services designed to take people into Jamestown for a few hours on weekdays to conduct their business. Car hire is available for visitors."}], ["St Helena Online adalah perkhidmatan berita internet bukan untuk keuntungan yang dikendalikan oleh UK oleh bekas wartawan cetak dan BBC, bekerja sama dengan Saint FM dan St Helena Independent. <> Siapa yang menjalankan Saint Helena dalam talian? || seorang bekas wartawan dan wartawan BBC <> Siapa yang bekerjasama dengan Saint Helena dalam talian? || Saint FM dan St Helena Independent", {"qas": [{"question": "Who runs Saint Helena online?", "id": "56e07ea2231d4119001ac1eb", "answers": [{"text": "a former print and BBC journalist", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is partnered with Saint Helena online?", "id": "56e07ea2231d4119001ac1ec", "answers": [{"text": "Saint FM and the St Helena Independent", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "St Helena Online is a not-for-profit internet news service run from the UK by a former print and BBC journalist, working in partnership with Saint FM and the St Helena Independent."}], ["Sure South Atlantic Ltd (\"Sure\") menawarkan televisyen untuk pulau itu melalui saluran analog 17 terestrial UHF, yang menawarkan gabungan pengaturcaraan British, AS, dan Afrika Selatan. Saluran adalah dari DSTV dan termasuk saluran Mnet, SuperSport dan BBC. Isyarat umpan, dari MultiChoice DStv di Afrika Selatan, diterima oleh hidangan satelit di Beacon Bryant dari Intelsat 7 di band Ku. <> Apa yang ditawarkan Sure South Atlantic LTD? || televisyen <> Berapa banyak saluran UHF terrestrial analog pasti Sure South Atlantic LTD? || 17 <> Apakah isyarat umpan Sure South Atlantic diterima oleh? || hidangan satelit", {"qas": [{"question": "What does Sure South Atlantic LTD offer?", "id": "56e07f157aa994140058e57f", "answers": [{"text": "television", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many analogue terrestrial UHF channels does Sure South Atlantic LTD have?", "id": "56e07f157aa994140058e580", "answers": [{"text": "17", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the feed signal of Sure South Atlantic received by?", "id": "56e07f157aa994140058e582", "answers": [{"text": "a satellite dish", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Sure South Atlantic Ltd (\"Sure\") offers television for the island via 17 analogue terrestrial UHF channels, offering a mix of British, US, and South African programming. The channels are from DSTV and include Mnet, SuperSport and BBC channels. The feed signal, from MultiChoice DStv in South Africa, is received by a satellite dish at Bryant's Beacon from Intelsat 7 in the Ku band."}], ["Saint FM menyediakan perkhidmatan radio tempatan untuk pulau itu yang juga boleh didapati di radio internet dan disampaikan di Pulau Ascension. Stesen itu bukanlah kerajaan yang dibiayai. Ia dilancarkan pada Januari 2005 dan ditutup pada 21 Disember 2012. Ia menyiarkan berita, ciri dan muzik dengan kerjasama akhbar kakaknya, St Helena Independent (yang berterusan). <> Apa tarikh radio Saint FM dilancarkan? || Januari 2005 <> Apa tarikh radio Saint FM ditutup? || 21 Disember 2012 <> Akhbar mana yang merupakan syarikat saudara radio Saint FM? || St Helena Independent", {"qas": [{"question": "What date was Saint FM radio launched?", "id": "56e07dac231d4119001ac1d8", "answers": [{"text": "January 2005", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What date was Saint FM radio closed?", "id": "56e07dac231d4119001ac1d9", "answers": [{"text": "21 December 2012", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which newspaper is the sister company of Saint FM radio?", "id": "56e07dac231d4119001ac1da", "answers": [{"text": "St Helena Independent", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Saint FM provided a local radio service for the island which was also available on internet radio and relayed in Ascension Island. The station was not government funded. It was launched in January 2005 and closed on 21 December 2012. It broadcast news, features and music in collaboration with its sister newspaper, the St Helena Independent (which continues)."}], ["Pesawat pertama, Beechcraft Afrika Selatan, King Air 200, mendarat di lapangan terbang baru pada 15 September 2015, sebelum melakukan beberapa siri penerbangan untuk menapis peralatan navigasi radio lapangan terbang. <> Pesawat macam mana yang pertama mendarat di lapangan terbang baru? || Afrika Selatan Beechcraft King Air 200 <> Apa tarikh pesawat terbang di lapangan terbang baru? || 15 September 2015 <> Apa yang mereka kalibrasi melalui penerbangan ujian di lapangan terbang? || peralatan navigasi radio lapangan terbang.", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of aircraft was the first to land at the new airport?", "id": "56e07be97aa994140058e55d", "answers": [{"text": "South African Beechcraft King Air 200", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What date did the aircraft land at the new airport?", "id": "56e07be97aa994140058e55e", "answers": [{"text": "15 September 2015", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are they calibrating via test flights at the airport?", "id": "56e07be97aa994140058e55f", "answers": [{"text": "the airport's radio navigation equipment.", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first aircraft, a South African Beechcraft King Air 200, landed at the new airport on 15 September 2015, prior to conducting a series of flights to calibrate the airport's radio navigation equipment."}], ["SURE menyediakan perkhidmatan telekomunikasi di wilayah itu melalui rangkaian telefon berasaskan tembaga digital termasuk perkhidmatan jalur lebar ADSL. Pada bulan Ogos 2011 pautan optik gentian pertama telah dipasang di pulau itu, yang menghubungkan antena televisyen yang menerima di Bryant's Beacon ke Pusat Teknikal Kabel & Tanpa Wayar di Briars. <> SURE menyediakan apa jenis perkhidmatan ke wilayah itu? || telekomunikasi <> Rangkaian apa jenis SELESAI menyediakan perkhidmatan itu? || rangkaian telefon berasaskan tembaga digital <> Bilakah rangkaian gentian optik pertama dipasang? || Ogos 2011", {"qas": [{"question": "SURE provides what kind of service to the territory?", "id": "56e07f7e231d4119001ac1f1", "answers": [{"text": "telecommunications", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of network does SURE provide it's service from?", "id": "56e07f7e231d4119001ac1f2", "answers": [{"text": "digital copper-based telephone network", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the first fibre-optic network installed?", "id": "56e07f7e231d4119001ac1f3", "answers": [{"text": "August 2011", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "SURE provide the telecommunications service in the territory through a digital copper-based telephone network including ADSL-broadband service. In August 2011 the first fibre-optic link has been installed on the island, which connects the television receive antennas at Bryant's Beacon to the Cable & Wireless Technical Centre in the Briars."}], ["Radio FM Saint FM mengambil alih saluran radio yang dikosongkan oleh Saint FM dan dilancarkan pada 10 Mac 2013. Stesen ini beroperasi sebagai syarikat terhad oleh jaminan yang dimiliki oleh ahli-ahlinya dan didaftarkan sebagai Persatuan penjanaan dana. Keahlian terbuka kepada semua orang, dan memberi akses kepada aliran audio langsung. <> Syarikat mana yang mengambil alih saluran yang dikosongkan oleh Saint FM? || Radio Komuniti Saint FM <> Apa tarikh pelancaran Radio Komuniti Saint FM? || 10 Mac 2013 <> Orang macam apa yang boleh menyertai Komuniti Radio Saint Fm? || semua orang", {"qas": [{"question": "Which company took over the channels vacated by Saint FM?", "id": "56e07e3f231d4119001ac1df", "answers": [{"text": "Saint FM Community Radio", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What date did Saint FM Community Radio launch?", "id": "56e07e3f231d4119001ac1e0", "answers": [{"text": "10 March 2013", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of people can join Saint Fm Radio Community?", "id": "56e07e3f231d4119001ac1e2", "answers": [{"text": "everyone", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Saint FM Community Radio took over the radio channels vacated by Saint FM and launched on 10 March 2013. The station operates as a limited-by-guarantee company owned by its members and is registered as a fund-raising Association. Membership is open to everyone, and grants access to a live audio stream."}], ["Pada 22 Julai 2010, kerajaan British bersetuju untuk membantu membayar lapangan terbang baru menggunakan wang pembayar cukai. Pada bulan November 2011 perjanjian baru antara kerajaan British dan syarikat kejuruteraan awam Afrika Selatan Basil Read ditandatangani dan lapangan terbang itu dijadualkan dibuka pada Februari 2016, dengan penerbangan ke dan dari Afrika Selatan dan Inggeris. Pada Mac 2015 syarikat penerbangan Afrika Selatan Comair menjadi penawar pilihan untuk menyediakan perkhidmatan udara mingguan antara pulau dan Johannesburg, bermula dari tahun 2016. <> Bilakah kerajaan British bersetuju untuk membantu membayar lapangan terbang baru di Saint Helena? || 22 Julai 2010 <> Mana syarikat Afrika Selatan yang membantu untuk membina lapangan terbang? || Basil Baca <> Tarikh pembukaan lapangan terbang baru adalah bila? || Februari 2016 <> Negara mana yang akan dapat terbang ke Saint Helena menggunakan lapangan terbang? || Afrika Selatan dan UK <> Penerbangan mana yang akan menyediakan perkhidmatan mingguan ke Saint Helena? || Comair", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the British government agree to help pay for the new airport in Saint Helena?", "id": "56e07b95231d4119001ac1b9", "answers": [{"text": "22 July 2010", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which south african company is helping to engineer the airport? ", "id": "56e07b95231d4119001ac1ba", "answers": [{"text": "Basil Read", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The new airport opening date is when?", "id": "56e07b95231d4119001ac1bb", "answers": [{"text": "February 2016", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which countries will be able to fly to Saint Helena using the airport?", "id": "56e07b95231d4119001ac1bc", "answers": [{"text": "South Africa and the UK", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which airline will provide weekly service to Saint Helena?", "id": "56e07b95231d4119001ac1bd", "answers": [{"text": "Comair", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 22 July 2010, the British government agreed to help pay for the new airport using taxpayer money. In November 2011 a new deal between the British government and South African civil engineering company Basil Read was signed and the airport was scheduled to open in February 2016, with flights to and from South Africa and the UK. In March 2015 South African airline Comair became the preferred bidder to provide weekly air service between the island and Johannesburg, starting from 2016."}], ["Radio St Helena, yang memulakan operasi pada Hari Krismas 1967, menyediakan perkhidmatan radio tempatan yang mempunyai jarak kira-kira 100 km (62 batu) dari pulau itu, dan juga menyiarkan secara antarabangsa di radio gelombang pendek (11092.5 kHz) pada satu hari setahun. Stesen ini menyampaikan berita, ciri-ciri dan muzik dengan kerjasama akhbar kakaknya, St Helena Herald. Ia ditutup pada 25 Disember 2012 untuk memberi laluan kepada perkhidmatan tiga saluran FM yang baru, yang juga dibiayai oleh Kerajaan St. Helena dan dikendalikan oleh Perkhidmatan Media Atlantik Selatan (sebelum ini St. Helena Broadcasting (Guarantee Corporation)). <> Pada hari apakah Radio Saint Helena mula beroperasi? || Hari Krismas 1967 <> Apakah rangkaian Radio Saint Helena dalam batu? || 62 <> Berapa hari setahun dalam siaran Radio Saint Helena di peringkat antarabangsa? || 1 <> Apa khabar akhbar Radio Saint Helena berkolaborasi? || St Helena Herald <> Hari apakah Radio Saint Helena ditutup? || 25 Disember 2012", {"qas": [{"question": "What day did Radio Saint Helena start operations?", "id": "56e07d387aa994140058e56b", "answers": [{"text": "Christmas Day 1967", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the range of Radio Saint Helena in miles?", "id": "56e07d387aa994140058e56c", "answers": [{"text": "62", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many days a year was Radio Saint Helena broadcast internationally?", "id": "56e07d387aa994140058e56d", "answers": [{"text": "1", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What newspaper did Radio Saint Helena collaborate with?", "id": "56e07d387aa994140058e56e", "answers": [{"text": "St Helena Herald", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What day was Saint Helena Radio shut down?", "id": "56e07d387aa994140058e56f", "answers": [{"text": "25 December 2012", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Radio St Helena, which started operations on Christmas Day 1967, provided a local radio service that had a range of about 100 km (62 mi) from the island, and also broadcast internationally on shortwave radio (11092.5 kHz) on one day a year. The station presented news, features and music in collaboration with its sister newspaper, the St Helena Herald. It closed on 25 December 2012 to make way for a new three-channel FM service, also funded by St. Helena Government and run by the South Atlantic Media Services (formerly St. Helena Broadcasting (Guarantee) Corporation)."}], ["Pulau ini mempunyai dua surat khabar tempatan, yang kedua-duanya terdapat di Internet. St Helena Independent telah diterbitkan sejak November 2005. Surat khabar Sentinel diperkenalkan pada tahun 2012. <> Berapa banyak akhbar tempatan yang ada di pulau ini? || dua <> Di mana kedua-dua surat khabar ada? || Internet <> Sejak bila St Helena Independent telah diterbitkan? || November 2005 <> Bilakah kiriman Sentinel diperkenalkan? || 2012", {"qas": [{"question": "How many local newspapers does the island have?", "id": "56e0838f231d4119001ac231", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are both newspapers available?", "id": "56e0838f231d4119001ac232", "answers": [{"text": "the Internet", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Since when has the St Helena Independent been published?", "id": "56e0838f231d4119001ac233", "answers": [{"text": "November 2005", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Sentinel Newspaper introduced?", "id": "56e0838f231d4119001ac234", "answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The island has two local newspapers, both of which are available on the Internet. The St Helena Independent has been published since November 2005. The Sentinel newspaper was introduced in 2012."}], ["Kurikulum kebangsaan UK disesuaikan untuk kegunaan tempatan. Pelbagai kelayakan ditawarkan - dari GCSE, A / S dan A2, hingga Aras 3 Diploma dan kelayakan VRQ: <> Apa kurikulum yang dilakukan oleh pulau itu? || Kurikulum kebangsaan UK <> Apakah kelayakan yang ditawarkan? || GCSE, A / S dan A2, hingga Aras 3 Diploma dan kelayakan VRQ", {"qas": [{"question": "What curriculum does the island adapt?", "id": "56e084e27aa994140058e59f", "answers": [{"text": "The UK national curriculum", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the qualifications offered?", "id": "56e084e27aa994140058e5a1", "answers": [{"text": "GCSE, A/S and A2, to Level 3 Diplomas and VRQ qualifications", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The UK national curriculum is adapted for local use. A range of qualifications are offered \u2013 from GCSE, A/S and A2, to Level 3 Diplomas and VRQ qualifications:"}], ["Direktorat Pendidikan dan Pekerjaan juga menawarkan program untuk pelajar yang mempunyai keperluan khusus, latihan vokasional, pendidikan dewasa, kelas petang, dan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Pulau ini mempunyai perpustakaan awam (yang tertua di Hemisfera Selatan) dan perkhidmatan perpustakaan bergerak yang mengendalikan kawasan luar bandar mingguan. <> Bilakah perkhidmatan perpustakaan mudah alih beroperasi? || mingguan <> Siapa yang menyediakan program kepada pelajar dengan keperluan khas? || Direktorat Pendidikan dan Pekerjaan", {"qas": [{"question": "When does the mobile library service operate?", "id": "56e0848f231d4119001ac245", "answers": [{"text": "weekly", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who provides programs to students with special needs?", "id": "56e0848f231d4119001ac246", "answers": [{"text": "The Education and Employment Directorate", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Education and Employment Directorate also offers programmes for students with special needs, vocational training, adult education, evening classes, and distance learning. The island has a public library (the oldest in the Southern Hemisphere) and a mobile library service which operates weekly rural areas."}], ["Saint Helena mempunyai sambungan internet 10 / 3.6 Mbit / s melalui Intelsat 707 yang disediakan oleh SURE. Melayani penduduk lebih daripada 4,000, pautan satelit tunggal ini dianggap tidak mencukupi dari segi lebar jalur. <> Apa kelajuan akses internet Saint Helena? || 10 / 3.6 Mbit / s <> Apakah perkhidmatan internet yang disediakan? || Intelsat 707 <> Siapa yang menyediakan perkhidmatan internet di Saint Helena? || SURE <> jenis penduduk apa SURE service? || lebih daripada 4,000 <> Berapa banyak satelit yang menyediakan pautan ke internet? || 1", {"qas": [{"question": "What speed is Saint Helena internet access?", "id": "56e080dc231d4119001ac209", "answers": [{"text": "10/3.6 Mbit/s", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the internet service provided through?", "id": "56e080dc231d4119001ac20a", "answers": [{"text": "Intelsat 707", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who provides the internet service in Saint Helena?", "id": "56e080dc231d4119001ac20b", "answers": [{"text": "SURE", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of population does SURE service?", "id": "56e080dc231d4119001ac20c", "answers": [{"text": "more than 4,000", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many satellites provide the link to the internet?", "id": "56e080dc231d4119001ac20d", "answers": [{"text": "1", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Saint Helena has a 10/3.6 Mbit/s internet link via Intelsat 707 provided by SURE. Serving a population of more than 4,000, this single satellite link is considered inadequate in terms of bandwidth."}], ["Sukan yang dimainkan di pulau itu termasuk bola sepak, kriket, bola tampar, tenis, golf, motocross, sukan menembak dan kapal layar. Saint Helena telah menghantar pasukan ke beberapa Sukan Komanwel. Saint Helena adalah ahli Persatuan Sukan Pulau Antarabangsa. Pasukan kriket Saint Helena membuat debutnya dalam kriket antarabangsa di Divisi Tiga rantau Afrika di World Cricket League pada tahun 2011. <> Saint Helena adalah ahli persatuan apa? || Persatuan Sukan Pulau Antarabangsa <> Di mana pasukan kriket Saint Helena membuat kemunculannya dalam kriket antarabangsa? || Bahagian Tiga rantau Afrika Liga Cricket Dunia <> Bilakah pasukan kriket Saint Helena membuat kemunculannya dalam kriket antarabangsa? || 2011", {"qas": [{"question": "Saint Helena is a member of what kind of association?", "id": "56e0856a7aa994140058e5a6", "answers": [{"text": "International Island Games Association", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Saint Helena cricket team make it's debut in international cricket?", "id": "56e0856a7aa994140058e5a7", "answers": [{"text": "Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Saint Helena cricket team make it's debut in international cricket?", "id": "56e0856a7aa994140058e5a8", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 398}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Sports played on the island include football, cricket, volleyball, tennis, golf, motocross, shooting sports and yachting. Saint Helena has sent teams to a number of Commonwealth Games. Saint Helena is a member of the International Island Games Association. The Saint Helena cricket team made its debut in international cricket in Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League in 2011."}], ["Pendidikan adalah percuma dan wajib di antara umur 5 dan 16 Pulau ini mempunyai tiga sekolah rendah untuk murid berumur 4 hingga 11 tahun: Harford, Pilling, dan St Paul. Sekolah Prince Andrew menyediakan pendidikan menengah untuk pelajar berumur 11 hingga 18 tahun. Pada awal tahun akademik 2009-10, 230 pelajar telah mendaftar di sekolah rendah dan 286 di sekolah menengah. <> Berapa banyak sekolah rendah mempunyai pulau itu? || 3 <> Apakah 3 sekolah rendah dipanggil? || Harford, Pilling, dan St Paul <> Apa nama sekolah menengah untuk pulau itu? || Sekolah Putera Andrew <> Berapa banyak pelajar yang mendaftar di sekolah rendah pada tahun 2010? || 230", {"qas": [{"question": "How many primary schools does the island have?", "id": "56e0840c231d4119001ac23a", "answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the 3 primary schools called?", "id": "56e0840c231d4119001ac23b", "answers": [{"text": "Harford, Pilling, and St Paul\u2019s", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the secondary school for the island?", "id": "56e0840c231d4119001ac23c", "answers": [{"text": "Prince Andrew School", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many students were enrolled in primary school in 2010?", "id": "56e0840c231d4119001ac23d", "answers": [{"text": "230", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Education is free and compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16  The island has three primary schools for students of age 4 to 11: Harford, Pilling, and St Paul\u2019s. Prince Andrew School provides secondary education for students aged 11 to 18. At the beginning of the academic year 2009-10, 230 students were enrolled in primary school and 286 in secondary school."}], ["Perkhidmatan jalur lebar ADSL disediakan dengan kelajuan maksimum sehingga 1536 KBit / s hilir dan 512 KBit / s hulu ditawarkan pada tahap kontrak dari lite \u00a3 16 sebulan untuk emas + pada \u00a3 190 sebulan. Terdapat beberapa hotspot WiFi awam di Jamestown, yang juga dikendalikan oleh SURE (dahulunya Cable & Wireless). <> Jenis perkhidmatan jalur lebar apa yang disediakan di pulau itu? || ADSL <> Apakah kelajuan maksimum perkhidmatan jalur lebar? || 1536 KBit / s hilir dan 512 KBit / s hulu <> Apakah harga lite perkhidmatan jalur lebar? || \u00a3 16 per bulan <> Apakah harga emas perkhidmatan jalur lebar? || \u00a3 190 sebulan <> Lokasi apa yang ada beberapa tempat wifi awam yang tersedia untuk umum? || Jamestown", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of broadband service is provided on the island?", "id": "56e0815f231d4119001ac21d", "answers": [{"text": "ADSL", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the maximum speed of the broadband service?", "id": "56e0815f231d4119001ac21e", "answers": [{"text": "1536 KBit/s downstream and 512 KBit/s upstream", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the lite price of the broadband service?", "id": "56e0815f231d4119001ac21f", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a316 per month", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the gold price of the broadband service?", "id": "56e0815f231d4119001ac220", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a3190 per month", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What location has a few public wifi spots available to the public?", "id": "56e0815f231d4119001ac221", "answers": [{"text": "Jamestown", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "ADSL-broadband service is provided with maximum speeds of up to 1536 KBit/s downstream and 512 KBit/s upstream offered on contract levels from lite \u00a316 per month to gold+ at \u00a3190 per month. There are a few public WiFi hotspots in Jamestown, which are also being operated by SURE (formerly Cable & Wireless)."}], ["Stesen satelit satelit dengan hidangan satelit 7.6 meter (25 kaki) dipasang pada tahun 1989 di The Briars adalah satu-satunya sambungan antarabangsa yang menyediakan sambungan satelit melalui Intelsat 707 ke pulau Ascension dan United Kingdom. Oleh kerana semua telefon antarabangsa dan komunikasi internet bergantung kepada hubungan satelit tunggal ini, perkhidmatan internet dan telefon adalah tertakluk kepada gangguan matahari. <> Seberapa besar hidangan satelit di stesen tanah satelit di kaki? || 25 <> Bilakah dipasang satah satelit? || 1989 <> Di manakah hidangan satelit dipasang? || The Briars <> Kedua-dua telefon dan perkhidmatan internet tertakluk kepada apa? || pemadaman matahari", {"qas": [{"question": "How big is the satellite dish at the satellite ground station in feet?", "id": "56e07ffe231d4119001ac1f7", "answers": [{"text": "25", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the satellite dish installed?", "id": "56e07ffe231d4119001ac1f8", "answers": [{"text": "1989", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the satellite dish installed?", "id": "56e07ffe231d4119001ac1f9", "answers": [{"text": "The Briars", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Both telephone and internet services are subject to what?", "id": "56e07ffe231d4119001ac1fa", "answers": [{"text": "sun outages", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A satellite ground station with a 7.6-metre (25 ft) satellite dish installed in 1989 at The Briars is the only international connection providing satellite links through Intelsat 707 to Ascension island and the United Kingdom. Since all international telephone and internet communications are relying on this single satellite link both internet and telephone service are subject to sun outages."}], ["Saint Helena mempunyai kod panggilan antarabangsa +290 yang, sejak tahun 2006, saham Tristan da Cunha. Nombor telefon Saint Helena berubah daripada 4 hingga 5 digit pada 1 Oktober 2013 dengan prefixed dengan angka \"2\", iaitu 2xxxx, dengan 5xxxx jarak yang dikhaskan untuk penomboran bergerak, dan 8xxx digunakan untuk nombor Tristan da Cunha (ini masih ditunjukkan sebagai 4 digit). <> Apakah kod panggilan antarabangsa untuk Saint Helena? || +290 <> Siapa yang berkongsi kod panggilan +290 dengan Saint Helena? || Tristan da Cunha <> Berapa angka digit Saint Helena menukar nombor telefon mereka? || 5 <> Bilakah Saint Helena menukar jumlah digit dalam nombor telefon mereka? || 1 Oktober 2013 <> Berapa digit nombor telefon Saint Helena yang diawali dengan? || 2", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the international calling code for Saint Helena?", "id": "56e08070231d4119001ac1ff", "answers": [{"text": "+290", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who shares the calling code +290 with Saint Helena?", "id": "56e08070231d4119001ac200", "answers": [{"text": "Tristan da Cunha", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many digits did Saint Helena change their phone numbers to?", "id": "56e08070231d4119001ac201", "answers": [{"text": "5", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Saint Helena change the amount of digits in their phone numbers?", "id": "56e08070231d4119001ac202", "answers": [{"text": "1 October 2013", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What digit are Saint Helena phone numbers prefixed with?", "id": "56e08070231d4119001ac203", "answers": [{"text": "2", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Saint Helena has the international calling code +290 which, since 2006, Tristan da Cunha shares. Saint Helena telephone numbers changed from 4 to 5 digits on 1 October 2013 by being prefixed with the digit \"2\", i.e. 2xxxx, with the range 5xxxx being reserved for mobile numbering, and 8xxx being used for Tristan da Cunha numbers (these still shown as 4 digits)."}], ["Atlantic Express Selatan, kabel komunikasi kapal selam 10,000 km (6,214 mi) menghubungkan Afrika ke Amerika Selatan, yang dikendalikan oleh penyedia optik gentian bawah laut eFive, akan melepasi St Helena secara relatifnya. Tidak ada rancangan untuk mendarat kabel dan memasang stesen pendaratan di darat, yang dapat membekalkan penduduk St Helena dengan lebar jalur yang mencukupi untuk memanfaatkan sepenuhnya manfaat Persatuan Maklumat hari ini. Pada bulan Januari 2012, sekumpulan penyokong petisyen kerajaan Inggeris untuk memenuhi kos pendaratan kabel di St Helena. Pada 6 Oktober 2012, eFive bersetuju untuk mengarahkan semula kabel melalui St. Helena selepas kempen melobi yang berjaya oleh A Human Right, sebuah NGA yang berpangkalan di San Francisco yang menjalankan inisiatif untuk memastikan semua orang disambungkan ke Internet. Pulau-pulau telah meminta bantuan Jabatan Pembangunan Antarabangsa dan Pejabat Luar dan Komanwel UK untuk membiayai \u00a3 10m yang diperlukan untuk menjembatani sambungan dari kotak simpang tempatan ke kabel ke pulau itu. Kerajaan UK telah mengumumkan bahawa kajian terhadap ekonomi pulau itu diperlukan sebelum pembiayaan tersebut akan dipersetujui. <> Berapa lama Express Atlantic Selatan dalam batu? || 6,214 <> Siapa yang menjalankan Express Atlantik Selatan? || eFive <> Pada tarikh apa eFive mengumumkan mereka akan mengarahkan kabel melalui Saint Helena? || 6 Oktober 2012 <> Siapa yang melobi untuk laluan balik kabel ke South Helena? || Hak Asasi Manusia", {"qas": [{"question": "How long is the South Atlantic Express in miles?", "id": "56e08343231d4119001ac227", "answers": [{"text": "6,214", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who runs the South Atlantic Express?", "id": "56e08343231d4119001ac229", "answers": [{"text": "eFive", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did eFive announce they would reroute the cable through Saint Helena?", "id": "56e08343231d4119001ac22a", "answers": [{"text": "6 October 2012", "answer_start": 536}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who lobbied for the cable reroute into South Helena?", "id": "56e08343231d4119001ac22b", "answers": [{"text": "A Human Right", "answer_start": 645}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The South Atlantic Express, a 10,000 km (6,214 mi) submarine communications cable connecting Africa to South America, run by the undersea fibre optic provider eFive, will pass St Helena relatively closely. There were no plans to land the cable and install a landing station ashore, which could supply St Helena's population with sufficient bandwidth to fully leverage the benefits of today's Information Society. In January 2012, a group of supporters petitioned the UK government to meet the cost of landing the cable at St Helena. On 6 October 2012, eFive agreed to reroute the cable through St. Helena after a successful lobbying campaign by A Human Right, a San Francisco-based NGA working on initiatives to ensure all people are connected to the Internet. Islanders have sought the assistance of the UK Department for International Development and Foreign and Commonwealth Office in funding the \u00a310m required to bridge the connection from a local junction box on the cable to the island. The UK Government have announced that a review of the island's economy would be required before such funding would be agreed to."}], ["Piala Gubernur adalah perlumbaan kapal layar antara pulau Cape Town dan Saint Helena, diadakan setiap dua tahun pada bulan Disember / Januari; Acara yang paling baru-baru ini adalah pada bulan Disember 2010. Di Jamestown, masa yang ditetapkan akan berlangsung Ladang Jacob setiap tahun, dengan orang yang datang dari seluruh dunia untuk mengambil bahagian. <> Di manakah cawan Gubernur mengambil tempat? || antara Cape Town dan pulau Saint Helena, <> Berapa bulankah cawan Gabenor berlaku? || Disember / Januari <> Bilakah cawan Gubernur paling terkini berlaku? || Disember 2010", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does the Governor's cup take place? ", "id": "56e085d7231d4119001ac25a", "answers": [{"text": "between Cape Town and Saint Helena island,", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What months does the Governor's cup take place?", "id": "56e085d7231d4119001ac25c", "answers": [{"text": "December/January", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the most recent Governor's cup take place?", "id": "56e085d7231d4119001ac25d", "answers": [{"text": "December 2010", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Governor's Cup is a yacht race between Cape Town and Saint Helena island, held every two years in December/January; the most recent event was in December 2010. In Jamestown a timed run takes place up Jacob's Ladder every year, with people coming from all over the world to take part."}], ["Terdapat kumpulan pengakap dan membimbing di Saint Helena dan Pulau Ascension. Pengakap telah ditubuhkan di Pulau Saint Helena pada tahun 1912. Tuhan dan Lady Baden-Powell melawat Pengakap di Saint Helena pada perjalanan pulang dari lawatan 1937 mereka ke Afrika. Lawatan itu diterangkan dalam buku Lord Baden-Powell yang bertajuk Pengembaraan Afrika. <> Apakah jenis kumpulan yang ada di Saint Helena dan Pulau Ascension? || pengakap dan membimbing <> Bilakah Pengakap ditubuhkan di Saint Helena? || 1912 <> Siapa yang melawat pengakap apabila mereka kembali dari lawatan ke Afrika pada tahun 1937? || Tuhan dan Lady Baden-Powell <> Buku apa yang menggambarkan kunjungan Tuhan dan Lady Baden-Powel? || Pengembaraan Afrika", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of groups are on Saint Helena and Ascension Island?", "id": "56e08645231d4119001ac263", "answers": [{"text": "scouting and guiding", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Scouting established on Saint Helena?", "id": "56e08645231d4119001ac264", "answers": [{"text": "1912", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who visited the scouts on their return from the tour of Africa in 1937?", "id": "56e08645231d4119001ac265", "answers": [{"text": "Lord and Lady Baden-Powell", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What book describes Lord and Lady Baden-Powel's visit?", "id": "56e08645231d4119001ac266", "answers": [{"text": "African Adventures", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are scouting and guiding groups on Saint Helena and Ascension Island. Scouting was established on Saint Helena island in 1912. Lord and Lady Baden-Powell visited the Scouts on Saint Helena on the return from their 1937 tour of Africa. The visit is described in Lord Baden-Powell's book entitled African Adventures."}]], [["Konsonan yang diiringi tidak selalu diikuti oleh suara vokal atau suara lain yang disuarakan. Sebagai contoh, di Armenia Timur, aspirasi adalah kontrasif walaupun perkataan-akhirnya, dan konsonan-konsonan yang diucapkan berlaku dalam kelompok konsonan. Dalam Wahgi, konsonan hanya disukai dalam kedudukan terakhir. <> Dalam bahasa Armenia Timur, konsonan-konsonan yang dicetuskan berlaku dalam apa? || cluster konsonan <> Di mana konsonan dipanggil hanya dalam kedudukan terakhir? || Wahgi <> Konsonan yang tidak dipadamkan tidak selalu diikuti oleh apa? || <> Dalam bahasa mana yang dimaksudkan sebagai tidak jelas? || <> Dalam bahasa apakah konsonan yang dipanggil hanya dalam permulaan? || <> Apa yang berlaku dalam kluster bunyi? || <> Apa yang tidak selalu diikuti dengan vokal atau bunyi unvoiced? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In Eastern Armenian, aspirated consonants occur in what?", "id": "56e047177aa994140058e41c", "answers": [{"text": "consonant clusters", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are consonants aspirated in just the final position?", "id": "56e047177aa994140058e41d", "answers": [{"text": "Wahgi", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "vowels or other voiced sounds", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "Unaspirated consonants are not always followed by what?", "id": "5acd1e2007355d001abf35b0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Eastern Armenian", "answer_start": 95}], "question": "In what language is unaspiration contrastive?", "id": "5acd1e2007355d001abf35b1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wahgi", "answer_start": 215}], "question": "In what language are consonants aspirated only in start position?", "id": "5acd1e2007355d001abf35b2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "aspirated consonants", "answer_start": 162}], "question": "What occurs in sound clusters?", "id": "5acd1e2007355d001abf35b3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Aspirated consonants", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is not always followed by vowels or unvoiced sounds?", "id": "5acd1e2007355d001abf35b4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Aspirated consonants are not always followed by vowels or other voiced sounds. For example, in Eastern Armenian, aspiration is contrastive even word-finally, and aspirated consonants occur in consonant clusters. In Wahgi, consonants are aspirated only in final position."}], ["Konsonan yang telah difahami ditandai dengan meletakkan huruf pengubah aspirasi sebelum simbol konsonan: \u27e8\u02b0p\u27e9 mewakili berhenti bilabial yang telah dipasangkan. <> Konsonan yang telah disebutkan sudah ditandakan bagaimana? || meletakkan huruf pengubah aspirasi sebelum simbol konsonan <> Apa yang mewakili berhenti bilabial yang telah diputuskan? || \u27e8\u02b0p\u27e9 <> Simbol-simbol yang telah diasah ditandakan bagaimana? || <> Apa yang mewakili berhenti bilabial yang tidak diingini? || <> Apa yang mewakili surat pengubah aspirasi? || <> Apa yang mewakili permulaan bilabial yang telah difilterkan? || <> Konsonan yang tidak difahami ditanda bagaimana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "A preaspirated consonant is marked how?", "id": "56e0455c231d4119001ac023", "answers": [{"text": "placing the aspiration modifier letter before the consonant symbol", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What represents a preaspirated bilabial stop?", "id": "56e0455c231d4119001ac024", "answers": [{"text": "\u27e8\u02b0p\u27e9", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "by placing the aspiration modifier letter before the consonant symbol", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "Preaspirated symbols are marked how?", "id": "5acd1a5007355d001abf3506", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u27e8\u02b0p\u27e9", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "What represents the unaspirated bilabial stop?", "id": "5acd1a5007355d001abf3507", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u27e8\u02b0p\u27e9", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "What represents the aspiration modifier letter?", "id": "5acd1a5007355d001abf3508", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u27e8\u02b0p\u27e9", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "What represents the preaspirated bilabial start?", "id": "5acd1a5007355d001abf3509", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "by placing the aspiration modifier letter before the consonant symbol", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "Unaspirated consonants are marked how?", "id": "5acd1a5007355d001abf350a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Preaspirated consonants are marked by placing the aspiration modifier letter before the consonant symbol: \u27e8\u02b0p\u27e9 represents the preaspirated bilabial stop."}], ["Konsonan yang disuarakan jarang sekali disedari. Simbol-simbol untuk konsonan disuarakan diikuti oleh \u27e8\u25cc\u02b0\u27e9, seperti \u27e8b\u02b0\u27e9, biasanya mewakili konsonan dengan pelepasan bersuara keras (lihat di bawah). Dalam tradisi tatabahasa bahasa Sanskrit, konsonan yang dipanggil dipanggil bersuara bersuara tanpa suara dan konsonan yang bersuara yang disebutkan bersuara dipanggil bersuara. <> Apa yang tidak sering disedut? || Konsonan yang disuarakan <> Simbol yang diikuti oleh b \u02b0 mungkin bermaksud konsonan mempunyai jenis pelepasan apa? || breathy <> Konsonan yang disuarakan bersuara adalah jenis apa? || simbol bersuara jarang disebut? || <> Simbol untuk konsonan yang tidak bersuara adalah bahasa yang tipikal dalam bahasa apa? || <> Konsonan yang tidak dipanggil dipanggil apa? || <> Simbol untuk siaran bersuara biasanya mewakili apa? || <> Konsonan-konsonan yang dihidupkan dengan nyenyak disebut apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is not often aspirated?", "id": "56e043c67aa994140058e40f", "answers": [{"text": "Voiced consonants", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The symbol followed by b\u02b0 would likely mean the consonant has what type of release?", "id": "56e043c67aa994140058e410", "answers": [{"text": "breathy", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Voiced aspirated consonants are what type?", "id": "56e043c67aa994140058e412", "answers": [{"text": "breathy-voiced", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "aspirated", "answer_start": 38}], "question": "Voiced symbols are seldom what?", "id": "5acd18c407355d001abf349a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sanskrit", "answer_start": 215}], "question": "Symbols for voiceless consonants are typical in what language?", "id": "5acd18c407355d001abf349b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "voiceless aspirated", "answer_start": 257}], "question": "Unaspirated consonants are called what?", "id": "5acd18c407355d001abf349c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "consonants with breathy voiced release", "answer_start": 131}], "question": "Symbols for voiced releases typically represent what?", "id": "5acd18c407355d001abf349d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "voiced aspirated", "answer_start": 319}], "question": "Breathy-voiced aspirated consonants are called what?", "id": "5acd18c407355d001abf349e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Voiced consonants are seldom actually aspirated. Symbols for voiced consonants followed by \u27e8\u25cc\u02b0\u27e9, such as \u27e8b\u02b0\u27e9, typically represent consonants with breathy voiced release (see below). In the grammatical tradition of Sanskrit, aspirated consonants are called voiceless aspirated, and breathy-voiced consonants are called voiced aspirated."}], ["Konsonan yang tidak dipadamkan atau tenuis kadang-kala ditandakan dengan huruf pengubah untuk kegagalan \u27e8\u25cc\u02ed\u27e9, tanda yang sama superscript: \u27e8t\u02ed\u27e9. Biasanya, bagaimanapun, konsonan yang tidak diingini dibiarkan tanpa tanda: \u27e8t\u27e9. <> Bagaimana konsonan yang tidak diingini atau tenuis kadangkala ditandakan untuk mengelirukan? || dengan huruf pengubah <> Apakah simbol yang sama dengan superscript? || \u27e8T\u02ed\u27e9 <> Kebanyakannya, konsonan yang tidak diingini adalah apa? || kiri tidak ditandai <> Bagaimana konsonan yang tidak diingini tidak lagi ditandakan? || \u27e8T\u27e9 <> Konsonan aspirasi atau tenuis kadang-kadang ditandakan bagaimana? || <> Bagaimana tanda-tanda consonants yang ditandai? || <> Bagaimanakah konsonan yang disedut biasanya dibiarkan? || <> Apa yang kadangkala ditandai dengan huruf pengubah untuk aspirasi? || <> Simbol yang tidak berpusat atau tenuis kadangkala ditandakan dengan huruf mana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How are unaspirated or tenuis consonants sometimes marked for unaspiration?", "id": "56e045d2231d4119001ac027", "answers": [{"text": "with the modifier letter", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the superscript equal sign?", "id": "56e045d2231d4119001ac028", "answers": [{"text": "\u27e8t\u02ed\u27e9", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Most often, unaspirated consonants are what?", "id": "56e045d2231d4119001ac029", "answers": [{"text": "left unmarked", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are unaspirated consonants left unmarked?", "id": "56e045d2231d4119001ac02a", "answers": [{"text": "\u27e8t\u27e9", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "with the modifier letter for unaspiration", "answer_start": 57}], "question": "Aspirated or tenuis consonants are occasionally marked how?", "id": "5acd1baa07355d001abf3560", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u27e8t\u27e9", "answer_start": 197}], "question": "How are aspirated consonants marked?", "id": "5acd1baa07355d001abf3561", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "unmarked", "answer_start": 187}], "question": "How are aspirated consonants usually left?", "id": "5acd1baa07355d001abf3562", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Unaspirated or tenuis consonants", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is occasionally marked with the modifier letter for aspiration?", "id": "5acd1baa07355d001abf3563", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u27e8\u25cc\u02ed\u27e9", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "Unspirated or tenuis symbols are occasionally marked with which letter?", "id": "5acd1baa07355d001abf3564", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Unaspirated or tenuis consonants are occasionally marked with the modifier letter for unaspiration \u27e8\u25cc\u02ed\u27e9, a superscript equal sign: \u27e8t\u02ed\u27e9. Usually, however, unaspirated consonants are left unmarked: \u27e8t\u27e9."}], ["Secara fonetik dalam beberapa bahasa, seperti Navajo, aspirasi berhenti cenderung direalisasikan sebagai aliran udara velar tanpa suara; aspirasi africates direalisasikan sebagai panjang lanjutan dari frication. <> Aspirasi berhenti dilihat sebagai aliran udara velar tanpa suara dalam beberapa bahasa, seperti apa? || Navajo <> Di Navajo, aspirasi africates boleh dilihat sebagai apa? || panjang yang dilanjutkan frication <> Apa yang direalisasikan sebagai panjang lanjutan aliran udara? || <> Dalam bahasa mana yang tidak henti-henti berhenti cenderung direalisasikan sebagai aliran udara velar tanpa suara? || <> Apa yang direalisasikan sebagai aliran udara velar yang disuarakan? || <> Dalam bahasa apakah yang tidak ada suara udara velar yang tidak bersuara tidak wujud? || <> Aspirasi aliran udara direalisasikan sebagai apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Aspiration of stops is seen as voiceless velar airflow in some languages, such as what?", "id": "56e046bc7aa994140058e417", "answers": [{"text": "Navajo", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Navajo, the aspiration of affricates can be seen as what?", "id": "56e046bc7aa994140058e418", "answers": [{"text": "an extended length of the frication", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "aspiration of affricates", "answer_start": 117}], "question": "What is realized as an extended length of the airflow?", "id": "5acd1d7207355d001abf3592", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Navajo", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "In what language does the unaspiration of stops tend to be realized as voiceless velar airflow?", "id": "5acd1d7207355d001abf3593", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "aspiration of stops", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "What is realized as voiced velar airflow?", "id": "5acd1d7207355d001abf3594", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Navajo", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "In what language does voiceless velar airflow not exist?", "id": "5acd1d7207355d001abf3595", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "an extended length of the frication", "answer_start": 157}], "question": "Aspiration of airflow is realized as what?", "id": "5acd1d7207355d001abf3596", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Phonetically in some languages, such as Navajo, aspiration of stops tends to be realised as voiceless velar airflow; aspiration of affricates is realised as an extended length of the frication."}], ["Konsonan yang berwibawa dihasilkan dengan lipatan vokal terbuka (merebak) dan tidak bergetar, dan konsonan yang disuarakan dihasilkan apabila lipatan vokal ditutup secara fraksional dan bergetar (suara modal). Aspirasi bersuara berlaku apabila pita vokal tetap terbuka selepas konsonan dilepaskan. Cara yang mudah untuk mengukur ini adalah dengan memperhatikan masa permulaan suara konsonan, kerana menyuarakan vokal berikut tidak dapat dimulakan sehinggalah tali vokal rapat. <> Apa yang dicipta apabila lipatan vokal tersebar dan tidak bergetar? || Konsonan yang berwibawa <> Apa yang dicipta apabila lipatan vokal agak tertutup dan bergetar? || Konsonan yang disuarakan <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila kord vokal seseorang tetap terbuka selepas konsonan? || Aspirasi bersuara <> Konsonan yang disuarakan dihasilkan apabila apa yang dibuka? || <> Bagaimana anda mengukur aspirasi yang disuarakan? || <> Apabila lipatan vokal bergetar, apa yang dihasilkan? || <> Apa yang tidak boleh bermula sehingga selepas tali vokal dibuka? || <> Apa yang dihasilkan apabila lipatan vokal terbuka dan bergetar? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is created when the vocal folds are spread and do not vibrate?", "id": "56e04669231d4119001ac02f", "answers": [{"text": "Voiceless consonants", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is created when vocal folds are slightly closed and vibrate?", "id": "56e04669231d4119001ac030", "answers": [{"text": "voiced consonants", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is it called when a person's vocal cords stay open after a consonant?", "id": "56e04669231d4119001ac031", "answers": [{"text": "Voiceless aspiration", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the vocal folds", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "Voiced consonants are produced when what opens?", "id": "5acd1c7207355d001abf3574", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "by noting the consonant's voice-onset time", "answer_start": 320}], "question": "How would you measure voiced aspiration?", "id": "5acd1c7207355d001abf3575", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Voiceless consonants", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "When the vocal folds are vibrating, what is produced?", "id": "5acd1c7207355d001abf3576", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the voicing of a following vowel", "answer_start": 367}], "question": "What can not begin until after the vocal cords open?", "id": "5acd1c7207355d001abf3577", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "voiced consonants", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "What is produced when the vocal folds are open and vibrating?", "id": "5acd1c7207355d001abf3578", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Voiceless consonants are produced with the vocal folds open (spread) and not vibrating, and voiced consonants are produced when the vocal folds are fractionally closed and vibrating (modal voice). Voiceless aspiration occurs when the vocal cords remain open after a consonant is released. An easy way to measure this is by noting the consonant's voice-onset time, as the voicing of a following vowel cannot begin until the vocal cords close."}], ["Dalam fonetik, aspirasi adalah nafas kuat yang mengiringi sama ada pelepasan atau, dalam kes preaspiration, penutupan beberapa obstruen. Dalam bahasa Inggeris, konsonan yang dipakai adalah alofon dalam pengedaran pelengkap dengan rakan-rakan yang tidak diingini mereka, tetapi dalam beberapa bahasa lain, terutamanya bahasa India dan Asia Timur, perbezaannya adalah kontrasif. <> Aspirasi dan preaspiration digunakan dalam apa? || fonetik <> Konsonan yang dirasai adalah dalam bahasa Inggeris? || allophones <> Apakah dua jenis bahasa di mana perbezaannya adalah kontrasif? || India dan Asia Timur <> Apa yang membuatkan nafas kuat? || <> Apa kata konsonan dalam bahasa Asia? || <> Allophones sama dalam apa dua bahasa? || <> Apa yang mengiringi pembukaan beberapa obstruen? || <> Apa yang menggunakan nafas yang lemah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Aspiration and preaspiration are used in what?", "id": "56e03fd2231d4119001ac013", "answers": [{"text": "phonetics", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aspirated consonants are what in English?", "id": "56e03fd2231d4119001ac014", "answers": [{"text": "allophones", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two language types where the difference is contrastive?", "id": "56e03fd2231d4119001ac015", "answers": [{"text": "Indian and East Asian", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "preaspiration", "answer_start": 110}], "question": "What creates a strong burst of breath?", "id": "5acd155207355d001abf33d4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "allophones", "answer_start": 194}], "question": "What are aspirated consonants in the Asian language?", "id": "5acd155207355d001abf33d5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Indian and East Asian", "answer_start": 314}], "question": "Allophones are similar in what two languages?", "id": "5acd155207355d001abf33d6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the strong burst of breath", "answer_start": 28}], "question": "What accompanies the opening of some obstruents?", "id": "5acd155207355d001abf33d7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "aspiration", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "What uses a weak burst of breath?", "id": "5acd155207355d001abf33d8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents. In English, aspirated consonants are allophones in complementary distribution with their unaspirated counterparts, but in some other languages, notably most Indian and East Asian languages, the difference is contrastive."}], ["Untuk merasakan atau melihat perbezaan antara bunyi yang disedut dan yang tidak diingini, seseorang boleh meletakkan tangan atau lilin yang menyala di hadapan mulut seseorang, dan mengatakan pin [p\u02b0\u026an] dan kemudian berputar [sp\u026an]. Orang harus merasakan sedih udara atau melihat kerlipan nyala lilin dengan pin yang tidak mendapat spin. Dalam kebanyakan dialek bahasa Inggeris, konsonan permulaan dicetuskan dalam pin dan tidak dipusingkan di putaran. <> Dengan kata apa yang anda perlu melihat lilin atau lilin udara? || pin <> Dalam bahasa Inggeris konsonan pertama dalam \"pin\" adalah apa? || Apabila disedut <> Bilakah seseorang meletakkan tangan atau lilin yang menyala di depan mata seseorang? || <> Dalam apa dialek apakah konsonan permulaan tidak boleh dipasangkan dalam pin dan dicetuskan dalam spin? || <> Kata mana yang akan disedapkan dalam kebanyakan dialek bahasa Inggeris? || <> Apa yang akan anda lihat apabila anda menggunakan tangan anda untuk melihat perbezaan di antara bunyi yang disedut dan tidak diingini? || <> Apa yang anda akan lakukan untuk melihat persamaan antara bunyi yang disedut dan tidak dipusingkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "With what word should you see a candle flicker or feel a puff of air?", "id": "56e040b27aa994140058e401", "answers": [{"text": "pin", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In English the first consonant in \"pin\" is what?", "id": "56e040b27aa994140058e402", "answers": [{"text": "aspirated", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "To feel or see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "When should one put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's eyes?", "id": "5acd16d407355d001abf342c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 309}], "question": "In what dialect would the initial consonant be unaspriated in pin and aspirated in spin?", "id": "5acd16d407355d001abf342d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "spin", "answer_start": 379}], "question": "Which word would be aspirated in most English dialects?", "id": "5acd16d407355d001abf342e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a flicker of the candle flame", "answer_start": 217}], "question": "What would you see when you use your hand to see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds?", "id": "5acd16d407355d001abf342f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's mouth, and say pin [p\u02b0\u026an] and then spin [sp\u026an]", "answer_start": 80}], "question": "What would you do to see the similarities between aspirated and unaspirated sounds?", "id": "5acd16d407355d001abf3430", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "To feel or see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds, one can put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's mouth, and say pin [p\u02b0\u026an] and then spin [sp\u026an]. One should either feel a puff of air or see a flicker of the candle flame with pin that one does not get with spin. In most dialects of English, the initial consonant is aspirated in pin and unaspirated in spin."}], ["Dalam Alphabet Fonetik Antarabangsa (IPA), konsonan yang disandarkan ditulis menggunakan simbol untuk konsonan yang tidak bersuara diikuti dengan huruf pengubah aspirasi \u27e8\u25cc\u02b0\u27e9, suatu bentuk superskrip simbol untuk fruktif glokal yang tidak bersuara \u27e8harus. Sebagai contoh, \u27e8pintang mewakili berhenti bilabial tanpa suara, dan \u27e8p\u02b0\u27e9 mewakili berhenti bilabial yang disedut. <> Apa yang dikatakan IPA? || Alphabet Fonetik Antarabangsa <> Konsonan IPA tertulis menggunakan simbol untuk apa? || konsonan tanpa suara <> Pengubah ubah apa yang menunjukkan perhentian bilabial tanpa suara? || p <> p\u02b0 mewakili apa? || hentakan bilabial disumbat <> Apa yang dianggap sebagai konsonan yang tidak diingini? || <> Pengubahsuaian aspirasi diwakili oleh apa? || <> Konsonan yang tidak berwibawa dipelajari oleh apa? || <> Frikatif glottal yang disuarakan ditunjukkan dengan huruf apa? || <> Perhentian bilabial yang tidak diasah diwakili oleh surat apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does IPA stand for?", "id": "56e042487aa994140058e407", "answers": [{"text": "International Phonetic Alphabet", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Written IPA consonants use symbols for what?", "id": "56e042487aa994140058e408", "answers": [{"text": "voiceless consonants", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What modifier indicates a voiceless bilabial stop?", "id": "56e042487aa994140058e409", "answers": [{"text": "p", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "p\u02b0 represents what?", "id": "56e042487aa994140058e40a", "answers": [{"text": "aspirated bilabial stop", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "voiceless consonants", "answer_start": 101}], "question": "What is considered an unaspirated consonant?", "id": "5acd17e507355d001abf346c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "symbols", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "Aspiration modifiers are represented by what?", "id": "5acd17e507355d001abf346d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "aspiration modifier letter", "answer_start": 138}], "question": "Voiceless consonants are prefaced by what?", "id": "5acd17e507355d001abf346e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "h", "answer_start": 241}], "question": "The voiced glottal fricative is indicated by what letter?", "id": "5acd17e507355d001abf346f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "p\u02b0", "answer_start": 308}], "question": "The unaspirated bilabial stop is represented by what letter?", "id": "5acd17e507355d001abf3470", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), aspirated consonants are written using the symbols for voiceless consonants followed by the aspiration modifier letter \u27e8\u25cc\u02b0\u27e9, a superscript form of the symbol for the voiceless glottal fricative \u27e8h\u27e9. For instance, \u27e8p\u27e9 represents the voiceless bilabial stop, and \u27e8p\u02b0\u27e9 represents the aspirated bilabial stop."}], ["Tiada simbol IPA khusus untuk darjah aspirasi dan biasanya hanya dua darjah ditandai: \u27e8k\u27e9 yang tidak diingini dan aspirasi \u27e8k\u02b0\u27e9. Simbol lama untuk aspirasi cahaya adalah \u27e8'\u27e9, tetapi ini sekarang sudah usang. Surat pengubahsuaian aspirasi mungkin berganda untuk menunjukkan aspirasi yang kuat atau panjang. Oleh itu, kedua-dua tahap aspirasi di Korea berhenti kadang-kadang diterangkan \u27e8k\u02b0 k\u02b0\u02b0\u27e9 atau \u27e8k'\u27e9 dan \u27e8k\u02b0\u27e9, tetapi mereka biasanya ditranskripsikan [k] dan [k\u02b0], dengan butiran masa permulaan suara diberikan secara berangka. <> Tiada simbol IPA untuk apa? || derajat aspirasi <> Apa yang boleh digandakan untuk menunjukkan aspirasi yang panjang? || pengubahsuaian aspirasi <> Bahasa apa, mengikut teks, mungkin perlu berhenti dua untuk menunjukkan panjang aspirasi? || Korea <> Bagaimana butiran masa permulaan suara biasanya dibentangkan? || secara berangka <> Yang mana dua simbol IPA ditanda? || <> Dua tahap aspirasi dalam bahasa Inggeris berhenti disalin sebagai apa? || <> Butiran simbol-simbol suara diberikan bagaimana? || <> Yang surat lama untuk aspirasi cahaya sekarang sudah usang? || <> Surat pengubahsuaian aspirasi mungkin tiga kali ganda untuk menunjukkan apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "There are no IPA symbols for what?", "id": "56e044e9231d4119001ac019", "answers": [{"text": "degrees of aspiration", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What may be doubled to indicate a long aspiration?", "id": "56e044e9231d4119001ac01b", "answers": [{"text": "aspiration modifier", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language, according to the text, may need double stops to indicate aspiration length?", "id": "56e044e9231d4119001ac01c", "answers": [{"text": "Korean", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are voice-onset time details usually presented?", "id": "56e044e9231d4119001ac01d", "answers": [{"text": "numerically", "answer_start": 502}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "unaspirated \u27e8k\u27e9 and aspirated \u27e8k\u02b0\u27e9", "answer_start": 104}], "question": "Which two IPA symbols are marked?", "id": "5acd19b407355d001abf34de", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u27e8k\u02b0 k\u02b0\u02b0\u27e9 or \u27e8k\u02bb\u27e9 and \u27e8k\u02b0\u27e9", "answer_start": 385}], "question": "The two degrees of aspiration in English stops are transcribed as what?", "id": "5acd19b407355d001abf34df", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "numerically", "answer_start": 502}], "question": "The details of voice-onset symbols are given how?", "id": "5acd19b407355d001abf34e0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u27e8\u02bb\u27e9", "answer_start": 179}], "question": "Which old letter for light aspiration is now obsolete?", "id": "5acd19b407355d001abf34e1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "especially strong or long aspiration", "answer_start": 268}], "question": "The aspiration modifier letter may be tripled to indicate what?", "id": "5acd19b407355d001abf34e2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There are no dedicated IPA symbols for degrees of aspiration and typically only two degrees are marked: unaspirated \u27e8k\u27e9 and aspirated \u27e8k\u02b0\u27e9. An old symbol for light aspiration was \u27e8\u02bb\u27e9, but this is now obsolete. The aspiration modifier letter may be doubled to indicate especially strong or long aspiration. Hence, the two degrees of aspiration in Korean stops are sometimes transcribed \u27e8k\u02b0 k\u02b0\u02b0\u27e9 or \u27e8k\u02bb\u27e9 and \u27e8k\u02b0\u27e9, but they are usually transcribed [k] and [k\u02b0], with the details of voice-onset time given numerically."}], ["Aspirasi mempunyai makna yang berbeza-beza dalam pelbagai bahasa. Ia sama ada alofonik atau fonemik, dan boleh dianalisis sebagai kluster konsonan yang mendasari. <> Apa maksud yang berbeza dalam pelbagai bahasa? || Aspirasi <> Apa bentuk dua bentuk aspirasi? || alofonik atau fonemik <> Apa yang boleh dianalisis sebagai cluster simbol yang mendasari? || <> Aspirasi boleh berbeza di mana dua bahasa? || <> Pemusnahan mempunyai pelbagai kepentingan dalam apa? || <> Apa yang boleh dianalisis sebagai cluster fonem yang mendasari? || <> Apakah alofonik atau cluster? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What has a different significance in various languages?", "id": "56e06a517aa994140058e479", "answers": [{"text": "Aspiration", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two forms can aspiration be in?", "id": "56e06a517aa994140058e47a", "answers": [{"text": "allophonic or phonemic", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Aspiration", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What may be analyzed as an underlying symbol cluster?", "id": "5acd25e607355d001abf36d0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "allophonic or phonemic", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "Aspiration can differ in which two languages?", "id": "5acd25e607355d001abf36d1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "different languages", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "Unaspiration has varying significance in what?", "id": "5acd25e607355d001abf36d2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Aspiration", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What may be analyzed as an underlying phonemic cluster?", "id": "5acd25e607355d001abf36d3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Aspiration", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is either allophonic or a cluster?", "id": "5acd25e607355d001abf36d4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster."}], ["Dalam sesetengah bahasa, seperti bahasa Inggeris, aspirasi adalah alofonik. Menghentikan dibezakan terutamanya dengan menyuarakan, dan perhentian tanpa suara kadang-kadang disedarkan, sementara berhenti bersuara biasanya tidak diingini. <> Aspirasi adalah apa, dalam bahasa Inggeris dan beberapa bahasa lain? || allophonic <> Bagaimana berhenti dibezakan? || bersuara <> Berhenti tanpa suara adalah pada masa apa? || dihasut <> Perhentian bersuara adalah yang paling sering? || tidak dihiraukan <> Dalam bahasa apa yang diaspora alofonik? || <> Bahasa yang tidak bersuara kadang-kadang apa? || <> Simbol dibezakan terutamanya oleh apa? || <> Nafas bersuara biasanya apa? || <> Apa yang kadang-kadang alofonik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Aspiration is what, in English and some other languages?", "id": "56e06ab2231d4119001ac0dd", "answers": [{"text": "allophonic", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are stops distinguished?", "id": "56e06ab2231d4119001ac0de", "answers": [{"text": "voicing", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Voiceless stops are at times what?", "id": "56e06ab2231d4119001ac0df", "answers": [{"text": "aspirated", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Voiced stops are most often what?", "id": "56e06ab2231d4119001ac0e0", "answers": [{"text": "unaspirated", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "In what language in unaspiration allophonic?", "id": "5acd269407355d001abf36e2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "aspirated", "answer_start": 142}], "question": "Voiceless languages are sometimes what?", "id": "5acd269407355d001abf36e3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "voicing", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "Symbols are distinguished primarily by what?", "id": "5acd269407355d001abf36e4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "unaspirated", "answer_start": 184}], "question": "Voiced breaths are usually what?", "id": "5acd269407355d001abf36e5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "voiceless stops", "answer_start": 112}], "question": "What are sometimes allophonic?", "id": "5acd269407355d001abf36e6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated."}], ["Walaupun obstruen yang paling dicetuskan dalam bahasa dunia adalah berhenti dan melegakan, fricative aspirated seperti [s\u02b0], [f\u02b0] atau [\u0255\u02b0] telah didokumentasikan dalam bahasa Korea, dalam beberapa bahasa Tibeto-Burman, dalam beberapa bahasa Oto-Manguean, dan dalam bahasa Siouan Ofo. Sesetengah bahasa, seperti Choni Tibet, mempunyai sehingga empat fricative aspirated aspirated [\u02b0] [\u0255\u02b0], [\u0282\u02b0] dan [x\u02b0]. <> Berapa banyak fricative yang disedut kontras yang dilakukan oleh Choni Tibet? || sehingga empat <> Frikatif yang tidak dipetik telah didokumenkan di mana bahasa? || <> Bahasa manakah yang mempunyai sehingga lima fricative berasaskan kontrasif? || <> Kebanyakan obstruen yang tidak diingini adalah apa? || <> Bahasa Siouan Ofo mempunyai berapa banyak fricatives bercampur bersuara? || <> Choni Tibet mempunyai berapa banyak fricative yang tidak diingini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many contrastive aspirated fricatives does Choni Tibetan have?", "id": "56e06908231d4119001ac0c4", "answers": [{"text": "up to four", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Korean", "answer_start": 157}], "question": "Unaspirated fricatives have been documented in which language?", "id": "5acd233607355d001abf366a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Choni Tibetan", "answer_start": 287}], "question": "Which language has up to five contrastive aspirated fricatives?", "id": "5acd233607355d001abf366b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "stops and affricates", "answer_start": 63}], "question": "Most unaspirated obstruents are what?", "id": "5acd233607355d001abf366c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "up to four", "answer_start": 307}], "question": "The Siouan language Ofo has how many contrastive aspirated fricatives?", "id": "5acd233607355d001abf366d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "up to four", "answer_start": 307}], "question": "Choni Tibetan has how many unaspirated fricatives?", "id": "5acd233607355d001abf366e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Although most aspirated obstruents in the world's language are stops and affricates, aspirated fricatives such as [s\u02b0], [f\u02b0] or [\u0255\u02b0] have been documented in Korean, in a few Tibeto-Burman languages, in some Oto-Manguean languages, and in the Siouan language Ofo. Some languages, such as Choni Tibetan, have up to four contrastive aspirated fricatives [s\u02b0] [\u0255\u02b0], [\u0282\u02b0] and [x\u02b0]."}], ["Aspirasi berbeza dengan tempat artikulasi. Bahasa Sepanyol tanpa suara berhenti / pt k / mempunyai masa suara (VOT) kira-kira 5, 10, dan 30 milisaat, sedangkan bahasa Inggeris yang disedut / p t k / mempunyai VOT sekitar 60, 70, dan 80 ms. Masa permulaan suara di Korea telah diukur pada 20, 25, dan 50 ms untuk / p t k / dan 90, 95, dan 125 untuk / p\u02b0 t\u02b0 k\u02b0 /. <> Aspirasi berubah dengan apa? || tempat artikulasi <> Masa permulaan suara dalam ukuran Armenia pada 20, 25, dan apa? || <> Pemusnahan berbeza-beza dengan apa? || <> Bahasa yang manakah di 60, 70, dan 50 ms? || <> Waktu tutup suara Sepanyol adalah apa? || <> Perhentian Bahasa Sepanyol yang bersuara? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Aspiration alters with what?", "id": "56e048cf231d4119001ac039", "answers": [{"text": "place of articulation", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "50 ms", "answer_start": 281}], "question": "Voice-onset times in Armenian measure at 20, 25, and what?", "id": "5acd1ffd07355d001abf35d6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "place of articulation", "answer_start": 23}], "question": "Unaspiration varies with what?", "id": "5acd1ffd07355d001abf35d7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 157}], "question": "Which language measures at 60, 70, and 50 ms?", "id": "5acd1ffd07355d001abf35d8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "5, 10, and 30 milliseconds", "answer_start": 121}], "question": "The Spanish voice-closing times are what?", "id": "5acd1ffd07355d001abf35d9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "/p t k/", "answer_start": 74}], "question": "The Spanish voiced stops are?", "id": "5acd1ffd07355d001abf35da", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Aspiration varies with place of articulation. The Spanish voiceless stops /p t k/ have voice-onset times (VOTs) of about 5, 10, and 30 milliseconds, whereas English aspirated /p t k/ have VOTs of about 60, 70, and 80 ms. Voice-onset time in Korean has been measured at 20, 25, and 50 ms for /p t k/ and 90, 95, and 125 for /p\u02b0 t\u02b0 k\u02b0/."}], ["Perhentian awal juga berlaku di kebanyakan bahasa Sami; contohnya, di Sami Utara, berhenti dan tidak menafikan fonem / p /, / t /, / ts /, / t\u0283 /, / k / diucapkan terlebih dahulu ([\u02b0p], [\u02b0t] [\u02b0ts], [\u02b0t\u0283] , [\u02b0k]) apabila berlaku pada kedudukan medial atau akhir. <> Bahasa lidah Sami juga mempunyai apa? || Perhentian awal yang diketuai <> Bahasa lidah Sami yang mana telah berhenti tanpa henti dan menafsirkan fonem yang dinyatakan sebelum ini? || Sami Utara <> Perhentian yang tidak diingini berlaku di mana bahasa-bahasa? || <> Apa yang berlaku di medial atau kedudukan permulaan? || <> Berhenti menyuarakan dan menafsirkan fonem berlaku dalam kedudukan apa? || <> Apa yang disebut dengan tidak diingini? || <> Dalam Sami Selatan apa yang diucapkan sebelum ini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The Sami tongue also has what?", "id": "56e06851231d4119001ac0b5", "answers": [{"text": "Preaspirated stops", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Sami tongue has unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes pronounced preaspirated?", "id": "56e06851231d4119001ac0b6", "answers": [{"text": "North Sami", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "most Sami", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "Unaspirated stops occur in which languages?", "id": "5acd225107355d001abf3630", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "What occurs in the medial or start position?", "id": "5acd225107355d001abf3631", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "medial or final", "answer_start": 228}], "question": "The voiced stop and affricate phonemes occur in what position?", "id": "5acd225107355d001abf3632", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "What are pronounced unaspirated?", "id": "5acd225107355d001abf3633", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "In South Sami what are pronounced preaspirated?", "id": "5acd225107355d001abf3634", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /t\u0283/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([\u02b0p], [\u02b0t] [\u02b0ts], [\u02b0t\u0283], [\u02b0k]) when they occur in medial or final position."}], ["Bahasa Iceland dan Faroe mempunyai preaspirated [\u02b0p \u02b0t \u02b0k]; sesetengah ulama menafsirkannya sebagai cluster konsonan juga. Dalam bahasa Iceland, preaspirated berhenti bertentangan dengan hentian dua kali dan hentian tunggal: <> Apa dua bahasa yang disebutkan telah dibuat awal [\u02b0p \u02b0t \u02b0k]? || Bahasa Iceland dan Faroe <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh para ulama yang telah dipanggil [\u02b0p \u02b0t \u02b0k] juga? || cluster consonant <> Apa yang dihuraikan berhenti sebaliknya di dalam bahasa Iceland? || berhenti dua dan hentian tunggal <> Apa yang bertentangan dengan triple dan hentian tunggal? || <> Bahasa Iceland dan Bahasa Inggeris telah menghuraikan apa? || <> Aspirasi berhenti berbeza dengan apa? || <> Dalam bahasa Faroe, yang dihuraikan berhenti bertentangan dengan apa? || <> Simbol simbol wujud di mana dua bahasa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What two languages mentioned have have preaspirated [\u02b0p \u02b0t \u02b0k]?", "id": "56e06783231d4119001ac0a9", "answers": [{"text": "Icelandic and Faroese", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do scholars say the preaspirated [\u02b0p \u02b0t \u02b0k] are too?", "id": "56e06783231d4119001ac0aa", "answers": [{"text": "consonant clusters", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do preaspirated stops contrast with in Icelandic?", "id": "56e06783231d4119001ac0ab", "answers": [{"text": "double stops and single stops", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "preaspirated", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "What stops contrast with triple and single stops?", "id": "5acd219c07355d001abf3612", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "[\u02b0p \u02b0t \u02b0k]", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "Icelandic and English have preaspirated what?", "id": "5acd219c07355d001abf3613", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "double stops and single stops", "answer_start": 160}], "question": "Aspirated stops contrast with what?", "id": "5acd219c07355d001abf3614", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "double stops and single stops", "answer_start": 160}], "question": "In Faroese, preaspirated stops contrast with what?", "id": "5acd219c07355d001abf3615", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Icelandic and Faroese", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Symbol clusters exists in which two languages?", "id": "5acd219c07355d001abf3616", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Icelandic and Faroese have preaspirated [\u02b0p \u02b0t \u02b0k]; some scholars interpret these as consonant clusters as well. In Icelandic, preaspirated stops contrast with double stops and single stops:"}], ["Konsonan yang disuarakan bersuara sejati, berbanding dengan suara-suara konsonan seperti bb, [db], [\u0261\u02b1] yang lazim dalam bahasa India, sangat jarang berlaku. Mereka telah didokumentasikan dalam Kelabit Taa, dan bahasa Kx'a. Dilaporkan berhenti, mengejutkan dan klik disuarakan bersuara adalah [b\u0361p\u02b0, d\u0361t\u02b0, d\u0361ts\u02b0, d\u0361t\u0283\u02b0, \u0261\u0361k\u02b0, \u0262\u0361q\u02b0, \u1da2\u0298\u02b0, \u1da2|\u02b0, \u1da2\u01c1\u02b0, \u1da2!\u02b0, \u1da2\u01c2\u02b0]. <> Bahasa India biasanya merungut konsonan bukannya apa? || Konsonan yang disuarakan bersuara sejati <> Konsonan yang disandarkan benar dipertimbangkan apa? || jarang <> Konsonan yang disemai benar telah dijumpai di Kelabit Taa dan apa lagi? || Bahasa Kx'a <> Adakah konsonan-konsonan tanpa suara yang tidak dipusingkan biasa atau jarang berlaku? || <> Apa yang biasa dalam bahasa Inggeris? || <> Konsonan muram tidak biasa di mana bahasa mana negara? || <> Apa yang telah didokumentasikan dalam Kelabit Taa, dan bahasa Kx'a? || <> Konsonan suara yang disuarakan benar adalah umum di negara mana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Indian languages commonly have murmured consonants instead of what?", "id": "56e069f0231d4119001ac0d1", "answers": [{"text": "True aspirated voiced consonants", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "True aspirated consonants are considered what?", "id": "56e069f0231d4119001ac0d2", "answers": [{"text": "rare", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "True aspirated consonants have been found in Kelabit Taa and what else?", "id": "56e069f0231d4119001ac0d3", "answers": [{"text": "Kx'a languages", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "rare", "answer_start": 170}], "question": "Are truly unaspirated voiceless consonants common or rare?", "id": "5acd242407355d001abf3690", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "True aspirated voiced consonants", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is common in the language of English?", "id": "5acd242407355d001abf3691", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "India", "answer_start": 149}], "question": "Murmured consonants are uncommon in which language of which country?", "id": "5acd242407355d001abf3692", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Reported aspirated voiced stops", "answer_start": 242}], "question": "What has been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages?", "id": "5acd242407355d001abf3693", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "India", "answer_start": 149}], "question": "True aspirated voice consonants are common in which country?", "id": "5acd242407355d001abf3694", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [b\u02b1], [d\u02b1], [\u0261\u02b1] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare. They have been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages. Reported aspirated voiced stops, affricates and clicks are [b\u0361p\u02b0, d\u0361t\u02b0, d\u0361ts\u02b0, d\u0361t\u0283\u02b0, \u0261\u0361k\u02b0, \u0262\u0361q\u02b0, \u1da2\u0298\u02b0, \u1da2\u01c0\u02b0, \u1da2\u01c1\u02b0, \u1da2\u01c3\u02b0, \u1da2\u01c2\u02b0]."}], ["Apabila konsonan yang disukai dilipat ganda atau digumam, perhentian itu diadakan lebih lama dan kemudian mempunyai pelepasan yang disedut. Sengkapan aspirasi terdiri daripada pelepasan berhenti, frikatif, dan disedut. Subliskan aspirasi dua kali ganda mempunyai pegangan yang lebih lama di bahagian berhenti dan kemudian mempunyai pelepasan yang terdiri daripada fricative dan aspirasi. <> Apa yang berlaku apabila konsonan yang didesakkan digandakan atau digemari? || hentian itu diadakan lebih lama dan kemudian mempunyai pelepasan yang disedut. <> Apa yang terdiri daripada pelepasan stop, fricative, dan aspirated? || Suatu aspirated aspricate <> Apa yang berlaku apabila konsonan yang disuntik tiga kali ganda atau bercambah? || <> Apa yang mempunyai pembebasan fricative dan unaspiration? || <> Konsonan yang tidak diasah terdiri daripada apa? || <> Apa yang merangkumi pelepasan berhenti, frikatif, dan tidak diingini? || <> Menggubur aspirasi tiga kali ganda apa lagi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What happens when an aspirated consonant is doubled or geminated?", "id": "56e06606231d4119001ac097", "answers": [{"text": "the stop is held longer and then has an aspirated release.", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is comprised of a stop, fricative, and aspirated release?", "id": "56e06606231d4119001ac098", "answers": [{"text": "An aspirated affricate", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the stop is held longer and then has an aspirated release", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "What happens when aspirated consonants are tripled or germinated?", "id": "5acd20ca07355d001abf35f4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "A doubled aspirated affricate", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "What has a release of the fricative and unaspiration?", "id": "5acd20ca07355d001abf35f5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a stop, fricative, and aspirated release", "answer_start": 146}], "question": "An unaspirated consonant consists of what?", "id": "5acd20ca07355d001abf35f6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "An aspirated affricate", "answer_start": 111}], "question": "What consists of a stop, fricative, and unaspirated release?", "id": "5acd20ca07355d001abf35f7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hold in the stop portion", "answer_start": 231}], "question": "A tripled aspirated affricate has a longer what?", "id": "5acd20ca07355d001abf35f8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "When aspirated consonants are doubled or geminated, the stop is held longer and then has an aspirated release. An aspirated affricate consists of a stop, fricative, and aspirated release. A doubled aspirated affricate has a longer hold in the stop portion and then has a release consisting of the fricative and aspiration."}], ["Armenia dan Kantonis mempunyai aspirasi yang berterusan selagi orang-orang berhenti di England, sebagai tambahan kepada perhentian yang tidak diingini. Korea telah berhenti berhenti bercampur-campur yang jatuh di antara berhenti Armenia dan Kantonis yang berhenti diusir dan dihasut serta perhentian kuat yang aspirasi berlangsung lebih lama daripada bahasa Armenia atau Kantonis. (Lihat masa permulaan suara.) <> Selain bertahan selama berhenti aspirasi bahasa Inggeris, aspirasi Armenia dan Kantonis selagi apa yang berlaku? || hentikan yang tidak diingatkan <> Bahasa apa yang mempunyai aspirasi yang bertahan selagi Korea dihentikan? || <> Yang aspirasi yang lebih panjang daripada yang Armenia atau Korea? || <> Yang berhenti adalah lebih pendek daripada bahasa Armenia atau Kantonis? || <> Korea mempunyai apa-apa berhenti berhenti yang tidak diingini? || <> Armenia dihentikan berhenti lebih lama daripada yang mana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "As well as lasting as long as an English aspirated stop, the Armenian and Cantonese aspiration lasts as long as what?", "id": "56e047997aa994140058e422", "answers": [{"text": "unaspirated stops", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Armenian and Cantonese", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What languages have aspiration that lasts about as long as Korean aspirated stops?", "id": "5acd1f4407355d001abf35c4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 67}], "question": "Whose aspiration lasts longer than that of Armenian or Korean?", "id": "5acd1f4407355d001abf35c5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Korean", "answer_start": 126}], "question": "Whose stops are shorter than that of Armenian or Cantonese?", "id": "5acd1f4407355d001abf35c6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lightly", "answer_start": 137}], "question": "Korean has what kind of unaspirated stops?", "id": "5acd1f4407355d001abf35c7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cantonese", "answer_start": 329}], "question": "Armenian unaspirated stops last longer than whose?", "id": "5acd1f4407355d001abf35c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Armenian and Cantonese have aspiration that lasts about as long as English aspirated stops, in addition to unaspirated stops. Korean has lightly aspirated stops that fall between the Armenian and Cantonese unaspirated and aspirated stops as well as strongly aspirated stops whose aspiration lasts longer than that of Armenian or Cantonese. (See voice-onset time.)"}], ["Mereka tidak dihirup untuk hampir semua penceramah apabila segera mengikuti kata-kata awal, seperti dalam tumpahan, masih, kemahiran. Selepas di tempat lain dalam perkataan mereka biasanya tidak dihirup juga, kecuali kadang-kadang dalam kata-kata majmuk. Apabila konsonan-konsonan dalam kluster seperti st dianalisis sebagai kepunyaan morphemes (heteromorphemic) yang berbeza, berhenti adalah aspirasi, tetapi apabila mereka dianalisis sebagai kepunyaan satu morpema, berhenti itu tidak dihirup. [Rujukan?] Sebagai contoh, ] kerana ia tidak dianalisis sebagai dua morphemes, tetapi distaste mempunyai tengah [t\u02b0] yang disedut kerana ia dianalisis sebagai rasa tidak- dan rasa perkataan mempunyai inis awal. <> Apabila mengikuti perkataan seperti tumpahan, apakah itu untuk kebanyakan pembesar suara? || tidak dihirup <> Jika huruf s adalah tempat yang berlainan dalam kata itu, ia adalah tipikal yang tidak diketengahkan kecuali perkataan itu apa? || kata-kata majmuk <> Jika ada kumpulan seperti st dan ia tergolong dalam morfem yang berbeza, berhenti itu apa? || aspirated <> Jika st milik satu morfem, maka berhenti itu apa? || Tidak dipusingkan <> Apa yang tidak dipungut kerana ia tidak dianalisis sebagai tiga morfem? || <> Kata-kata awal yang dicetuskan untuk hampir semua penceramah? || <> Bilakah konsonan tidak dipetik? || <> Distaste mempunyai sebab tengah yang tidak diingini? || <> Selepas di tempat lain dalam perkataan mereka biasanya apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When following a word such as spill, they are what for most speakers?", "id": "56e06b78231d4119001ac0e5", "answers": [{"text": "unaspirated", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If the letter s is a different place in the word, it is typical unaspirated unless the word is what?", "id": "56e06b78231d4119001ac0e6", "answers": [{"text": "compound words", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If there is a cluster such as st and it belongs to different morphemes, the stop is what?", "id": "56e06b78231d4119001ac0e7", "answers": [{"text": "aspirated", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If the st belongs to one morpheme, then the stop is what?", "id": "56e06b78231d4119001ac0e8", "answers": [{"text": "unaspirated", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "distend", "answer_start": 464}], "question": "What is unaspirated since it is not analyzed as three morphemes?", "id": "5acd27b607355d001abf3724", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "s", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "What word-initial is aspirated for almost all speakers?", "id": "5acd27b607355d001abf3725", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes", "answer_start": 221}], "question": "When is the consonant unaspirated?", "id": "5acd27b607355d001abf3726", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t", "answer_start": 577}], "question": "Distaste has an unaspirated middle why?", "id": "5acd27b607355d001abf3727", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "unaspirated", "answer_start": 164}], "question": "After a k elsewhere in a word they are normally what?", "id": "5acd27b607355d001abf3728", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [t\u02b0] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t."}], ["Armenia Barat mempunyai perbezaan dua arah antara yang disedut dan menyuarakan: / t\u02b0 d /. Western Armenian aspirated / t\u02b0 / sepadan dengan bahasa Armenia Timur yang disedut / t / dan disuarakan / d /, dan Barat menyuarakan / d / sepadan dengan Eastern voiceless / t /. <> Bahasa apa yang mempunyai perbezaan dua arah antara yang disedut dan disuarakan? || Armenia Barat <> Armenia Barat / t\u02b0 / membandingkan dengan bahasa Armenia timur / t / dan apa? || / d / <> Bahasa Armenia Barat menyuarakan / d / membandingkan dengan suara orang Armenia Timur apa? || / t / <> Armenia Barat mempunyai perbezaan tiga arah antara apa? || <> Armenia Barat yang bercita-cita sesuai dengan Amerika Timur apa? || <> Barat menyuarakan / d / sepadan dengan Timur menyuarakan apa? || <> Armenia Timur mempunyai perbezaan dua arah antara apa? || <> Western voiceless / d / sepadan dengan apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What language has two-way distinctions between aspirated and voiced?", "id": "56e070687aa994140058e4c3", "answers": [{"text": "Western Armenian", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Western Armenian /t\u02b0/ compares to eastern Armenian /t\u02b0/ and what?", "id": "56e070687aa994140058e4c4", "answers": [{"text": "/d/", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Western Armenian voiced /d/ compares to the Eastern Armenian voiceless what?", "id": "56e070687aa994140058e4c5", "answers": [{"text": "/t/", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "aspirated and voiced", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "Western Armenian has a three-way distinction between what?", "id": "5acd2cd607355d001abf37d8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "aspirated /t\u02b0/ and voiced /d/", "answer_start": 145}], "question": "Western Armenian aspirated corresponds to Eastern American what?", "id": "5acd2cd607355d001abf37d9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "/t/", "answer_start": 232}], "question": "Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiced what?", "id": "5acd2cd607355d001abf37da", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "aspirated and voiced", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "Eastern Armenian has a two-way distinction between what?", "id": "5acd2cd607355d001abf37db", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Eastern voiceless /t/", "answer_start": 214}], "question": "Western voiceless /d/ corresponds to what?", "id": "5acd2cd607355d001abf37dc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Western Armenian has a two-way distinction between aspirated and voiced: /t\u02b0 d/. Western Armenian aspirated /t\u02b0/ corresponds to Eastern Armenian aspirated /t\u02b0/ and voiced /d/, and Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiceless /t/."}], ["Beberapa bahasa Dravidian, seperti Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, dan Kannada, mempunyai perbezaan antara disuarakan dan tidak bersuara, disedut dan tidak dihirup hanya dalam kata-kata pinjaman dari bahasa Indo-Aryan. Dalam kata-kata Dravidian asli, tidak ada perbezaan di antara kategori-kategori ini dan perhentian-kecilan adalah kurang jelas untuk menyuarakan dan mencipta aspirasi. <> Telegu, Kannada dan lain-lain dianggap sebagai bahasa apa? || Dravidian <> Apa yang tidak ada perbezaan antara kategori yang disuarakan, tidak bersuara, disedut dan tidak dihirup? || kata-kata Dravidian asli <> Dalam perkataan bahasa Inggeris asli, tidak ada perbezaan antara apa? || <> Apa yang digunakan hanya dalam kata-kata pinjaman dari bahasa Sepanyol? || <> Apa yang kurang jelas untuk menyuarakan dan unaspiratoin? || <> Terdapat banyak perbezaan kategori dalam bahasa apa? || <> Semua bahasa Dravidian mempunyai perbezaan antara apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Telegu, Kannada and others are considered to be some of the what languages?", "id": "56e06eee231d4119001ac117", "answers": [{"text": "Dravidian", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has no distinction between the categories  of voiced, voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated?", "id": "56e06eee231d4119001ac119", "answers": [{"text": "native Dravidian words", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration", "answer_start": 259}], "question": "In native English words, there is no distinction between what?", "id": "5acd2c2e07355d001abf37bc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "What is used only in loanwords from Spanish languages?", "id": "5acd2c2e07355d001abf37bd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "stops", "answer_start": 280}], "question": "What is underspecified for voicing and unaspiratoin?", "id": "5acd2c2e07355d001abf37be", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "native Dravidian", "answer_start": 203}], "question": "There are many category distinctions in what language?", "id": "5acd2c2e07355d001abf37bf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated", "answer_start": 107}], "question": "All of the Dravidian languages have a distinction between what?", "id": "5acd2c2e07355d001abf37c0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration."}], ["Dialek Yunani Kuno yang lain, Ionic, Doric, Aeolic, dan Arcadocypriot, mungkin mempunyai perbezaan tiga arah yang sama pada satu titik, tetapi Doric nampaknya mempunyai fricative di tempat / t\u02b0 / dalam tempoh Klasik, dan Ionik dan Dialek Aeolic kadang-kadang hilang aspirasi (psilosis). <> Dialek seperti Aeolic dan Doric mempunyai berapa banyak perbezaan yang sama pada satu ketika dalam masa? || tiga <> Yang dua dialek hilang aspirasi pada masa-masa? || Ionic dan Aeolic <> Daripada / t\u02b0 /, apa yang dialek Doric telah wujud semasa tempoh Klasik? || fricative <> Apa dialek purba mempunyai perbezaan dua arah yang sama pada satu titik? || <> Apa dialek mempunyai frikatif dalam zaman Moden? || <> Yang empat dialek kadang-kadang hilang aspirasi? || <> Yang dua dialek kadang-kadang mendapat aspirasi? || <> Apa yang dipanggil aspirasi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Dialects such as Aeolic and Doric had how many distinctions that were the same at one point in time?", "id": "56e073267aa994140058e4d9", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two dialects lost aspiration at times?", "id": "56e073267aa994140058e4da", "answers": [{"text": "Ionic and Aeolic", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Rather than /t\u02b0/, what did the Doric dialect have in place during the Classical period?", "id": "56e073267aa994140058e4db", "answers": [{"text": "fricative", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Greek", "answer_start": 18}], "question": "What ancient dialects had the same two-way distinction at one point?", "id": "5acd2f5307355d001abf383e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Doric", "answer_start": 135}], "question": "What dialect had a fricative in the Modern period?", "id": "5acd2f5307355d001abf383f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ionic, Doric, Aeolic, and Arcadocypriot", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "Which four dialects sometimes lost aspiration?", "id": "5acd2f5307355d001abf3840", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ionic and Aeolic", "answer_start": 221}], "question": "Which two dialects sometime gained aspiration?", "id": "5acd2f5307355d001abf3841", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "psilosis", "answer_start": 274}], "question": "What was gained aspiration called?", "id": "5acd2f5307355d001abf3842", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The other Ancient Greek dialects, Ionic, Doric, Aeolic, and Arcadocypriot, likely had the same three-way distinction at one point, but Doric seems to have had a fricative in place of /t\u02b0/ in the Classical period, and the Ionic and Aeolic dialects sometimes lost aspiration (psilosis)."}], ["Banyak bahasa Indo-Aryan telah dihentikan berhenti. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, dan Gujarati mempunyai perbezaan empat hala dalam penghentian: suara tanpa suara, aspirasi, bersuara, dan bernafas bersuara atau bersuara, seperti / p p / b b /. Punjabi telah kehilangan konsonan yang bernafas, yang mengakibatkan sistem nada, dan oleh itu mempunyai perbezaan antara tidak bersuara, disedut, dan disuarakan: / p p / b /. <> Berapa banyak perbezaan dalam berhenti melakukan bahasa seperti Bengali dan Hindi? || empat <> Apa istilah lain untuk disuarakan suara? || breathy-voiced <> Perbezaan mana yang telah hilang Punjabi? || konsonan yang bernafas bersuara <> Bahasa apa yang telah berhenti terhenti? || <> Sanskrit mempunyai perbezaan tiga arah dalam apa? || <> Apa yang telah mendapat konsonan yang bernapas? || <> Apa yang berlaku menyebabkan sistem yang tidak menentu? || <> Apakah satu contoh perbezaan dua hala dalam perhentian? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many distinctions in stops do languages like Bengali and Hindi have?", "id": "56e06dca231d4119001ac10d", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another term for voice-aspirated?", "id": "56e06dca231d4119001ac10f", "answers": [{"text": "breathy-voiced", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which distinction has Punjabi lost?", "id": "56e06dca231d4119001ac111", "answers": [{"text": "breathy-voiced consonants", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Indo-Aryan languages", "answer_start": 5}], "question": "What languages have unaspirated stops?", "id": "5acd2b2a07355d001abf379e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "stops", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "Sanskrit has a three-way distinction in what?", "id": "5acd2b2a07355d001abf379f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Punjabi", "answer_start": 225}], "question": "What has gained breathy-voiced consonants?", "id": "5acd2b2a07355d001abf37a0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants", "answer_start": 225}], "question": "What happened to result in a toneless system?", "id": "5acd2b2a07355d001abf37a1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "/p p\u02b0 b b\u02b1/", "answer_start": 212}], "question": "What is an example of a two-way distinction in stops?", "id": "5acd2b2a07355d001abf37a2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p p\u02b0 b b\u02b1/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p p\u02b0 b/."}], ["Terdapat aspirasi berhenti di tiga tempat artikulasi: labial, coronal, dan velar / p\u02b0 t\u02b0 k\u02b0 /. Greek awal, yang diwakili oleh Mycenaean Greek, mungkin mempunyai velar labialized aspirated stop / k\u02b7\u02b0 /, yang kemudiannya menjadi labial, coronal, atau velar bergantung kepada dialek dan persekitaran fonetik. <> Apakah perwakilan untuk tiga tempat artikulasi? || / p\u02b0 t\u02b0 k\u02b0 / <> Bahasa Yunani terdahulu diwakili oleh apa? || Mycenaean Greek <> Apakah berhenti adalah labial, coronal atau velar bergantung pada dua perkara? || dialek dan persekitaran fonetik <> Stop yang tidak diingatkan di mana tiga tempat artikulasi? || <> Awal Greece diwakili oleh apa? || <> Apa yang mungkin telah dihentikan berhenti velar? || <> Tiga tempat artikulasi adalah labial, kortikal dan apa? || <> Velar labialized yang tidak dihentikan berhenti diwakili oleh apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the representation for the three places of articulation?", "id": "56e072b57aa994140058e4d2", "answers": [{"text": "/p\u02b0 t\u02b0 k\u02b0/", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Earlier Greek was represented by what?", "id": "56e072b57aa994140058e4d3", "answers": [{"text": "Mycenaean Greek", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whether a stop was labial, coronal or velar depended on what two things?", "id": "56e072b57aa994140058e4d4", "answers": [{"text": "dialect and phonetic environment", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "labial, coronal, and velar", "answer_start": 60}], "question": "Unaspirated stops were at which three places of articulation?", "id": "5acd2e8e07355d001abf381a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mycenaean Greek", "answer_start": 129}], "question": "Early Greece was represented by what?", "id": "5acd2e8e07355d001abf381b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Earlier Greek", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "What likely had a velar unaspirated stop?", "id": "5acd2e8e07355d001abf381c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "velar", "answer_start": 81}], "question": "The three places of articulation are the labial, cortical and what?", "id": "5acd2e8e07355d001abf381d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "/k\u02b7\u02b0/", "answer_start": 191}], "question": "The labialized velar unaspirated stop is represented by what?", "id": "5acd2e8e07355d001abf381e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There were aspirated stops at three places of articulation: labial, coronal, and velar /p\u02b0 t\u02b0 k\u02b0/. Earlier Greek, represented by Mycenaean Greek, likely had a labialized velar aspirated stop /k\u02b7\u02b0/, which later became labial, coronal, or velar depending on dialect and phonetic environment."}], ["Dalam banyak bahasa, seperti bahasa Armenia, Korea, Thai, Indo-Aryan, bahasa Dravidian, Bahasa Iceland, Bahasa Yunani Kuno, dan jenis konsonan Cina, tenuis dan aspirasi adalah fonemik. Konsonan yang tidak dipadamkan seperti [p\u02ed s\u02ed] dan konsonan yang disukai seperti [p\u02b0 \u02b0p s\u02b0] adalah fonem yang berasingan, dan perkataan dibezakan oleh sama ada mereka mempunyai satu atau yang lain. <> Dalam bahasa seperti Thai dan Iceland, konsonan tenuis dan aspirasi adalah apa? || phonemic <> [p\u02ed s\u02ed] dan [p\u02b0 \u02b0p s\u02b0] memisahkan apa? || phonemes <> Dalam bahasa Armenia, tenuis dan perhentian yang tidak diingini adalah apa? || <> Apa yang membentuk gabungan fonem? || <> Kalimat dibezakan oleh apa? || <> Dalam bahasa Inggeris, konsonan tenuis dan aspirasi adalah apa? || <> Contoh perhentian yang tidak diingini adalah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In languages like Thai and Icelandic, tenuis and aspirated consonants are what?", "id": "56e06bd2231d4119001ac0ed", "answers": [{"text": "phonemic", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "[p\u02ed s\u02ed] and [p\u02b0 \u02b0p s\u02b0] are separate what?", "id": "56e06bd2231d4119001ac0ee", "answers": [{"text": "phonemes", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "phonemic", "answer_start": 186}], "question": "In the Armenian language, tenuis and unaspirated stops are what?", "id": "5acd287307355d001abf3736", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Unaspirated consonants like [p\u02ed s\u02ed] and aspirated consonants like [p\u02b0 \u02b0p s\u02b0]", "answer_start": 196}], "question": "What makes up combined phonemes?", "id": "5acd287307355d001abf3737", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "whether they have one or the other", "answer_start": 327}], "question": "Sentences are distinguished by what?", "id": "5acd287307355d001abf3738", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "phonemic", "answer_start": 186}], "question": "In the English language, tenuis and aspirated consonants are what?", "id": "5acd287307355d001abf3739", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "[p\u02ed s\u02ed]", "answer_start": 224}], "question": "An example of an unaspirated stop is?", "id": "5acd287307355d001abf373a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p\u02ed s\u02ed] and aspirated consonants like [p\u02b0 \u02b0p s\u02b0] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other."}], ["Wu Cina mempunyai perbezaan tiga hala dalam perhentian dan africates: / p p\u02b0 b /. Sebagai tambahan kepada konsonan yang disedut dan tidak dipusingkan, terdapat beberapa siri konsonan yang berlumpur, seperti / b /. Ini diucapkan dengan suara yang kendur atau bernafas: iaitu, mereka lemah bersuara. Konsonan-konsonan lumpur sebagai permulaan menyebabkan suku kata diucapkan dengan nada rendah atau cahaya (\u967d y\u00e1ng) nada. <> Apa yang mempunyai perbezaan tiga arah dalam hal berhenti dan mengejutkan? || Wu Chinese <> Apakah perbezaan sebenar untuk Wu Chinese? || / p p\u02b0 b / <> Apakah / b / perwakilan, sebagai tambahan kepada konsonan yang disemirai dan tidak diingini? || Konsonan lumpur <> Apa jenis suara yang dilabelkan dengan berlumpur? || kendur atau nafas <> Wu Cina mempunyai perbezaan empat hala dalam apa? || <> Apa yang disuarakan dengan kuat? || <> Apa yang menyebabkan suku kata diucapkan dengan nada tinggi atau nada cahaya? || <> Apakah contoh konsonan pernafasan? || <> Apa yang menyebabkan berhenti diucapkan dengan nada rendah atau nada cahaya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What has a three-way distinction in regards to stops and affricates?", "id": "56e06d44231d4119001ac103", "answers": [{"text": "Wu Chinese", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the actual distinction for Wu Chinese?", "id": "56e06d44231d4119001ac104", "answers": [{"text": "/p p\u02b0 b/", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is /b/ representative of, in addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants?", "id": "56e06d44231d4119001ac105", "answers": [{"text": "Muddy consonants", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of voice are muddy consonants pronounced with?", "id": "56e06d44231d4119001ac106", "answers": [{"text": "slack or breathy", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "stops and affricates", "answer_start": 42}], "question": "Wu Chinese has a four-way distinction in what?", "id": "5acd2a8c07355d001abf378c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "muddy consonants", "answer_start": 148}], "question": "What is strongly voiced?", "id": "5acd2a8c07355d001abf378d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Muddy consonants", "answer_start": 259}], "question": "What causes a syllable to be pronounced with high pitch or light tone?", "id": "5acd2a8c07355d001abf378e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "/b/", "answer_start": 171}], "question": "What is an example of a breathy consonant?", "id": "5acd2a8c07355d001abf378f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "muddy consonants", "answer_start": 148}], "question": "What causes a stop to be pronounced with low pitch or light tone?", "id": "5acd2a8c07355d001abf3790", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p p\u02b0 b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (\u967d y\u00e1ng) tone."}], ["Di dalam bahasa Denmark dan kebanyakan bahasa selatan Jerman, konsonan-konsonan \"lenis\" disalin untuk sebab-sebab sejarah sebagai \u27e8b d \u0261\u27e9 dibezakan dari rakan-rakan tanggungan mereka \u27e8p t k\u27e9, terutamanya dalam kekurangan aspirasi mereka. <> Bagaimana konsonan lenis dibezakan dari konsonan fort? || kekurangan aspirasi mereka <> Jika lenis adalah \u27e8b d \u0261\u27e9, apakah rakan-rakan fortis? || \u27e8P t k\u27e9 <> Apa yang sering disalin untuk sebab-sebab berangka? || <> Dalam Bahasa Inggeris, konsonan \"lenis\" tahu apa yang sebenarnya? || <> Konsonan \"lenis\" dibezakan dari rakan sejawatan moden mereka dengan apa? || <> Fortis rakan-rakan dikenali sebagai apa dalam bahasa Sepanyol? || <> Fortis rakan-rakan diterjemahkan seperti apa dalam bahasa Cina? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How are lenis consonants distinguished from fortis consonants?", "id": "56e06c697aa994140058e493", "answers": [{"text": "their lack of aspiration", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If the lenis are \u27e8b d \u0261\u27e9, what are the fortis counterparts?", "id": "56e06c697aa994140058e494", "answers": [{"text": "\u27e8p t k\u27e9", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the \"lenis\" consonants", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "What is often transcribed for numerical reasons?", "id": "5acd293a07355d001abf3754", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u27e8b d \u0261\u27e9", "answer_start": 110}], "question": "In English, \"lenis\" consonants are know as what?", "id": "5acd293a07355d001abf3755", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "their lack of aspiration", "answer_start": 186}], "question": "The \"lenis\" consonants are distinguished from their modern counterparts by what?", "id": "5acd293a07355d001abf3756", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u27e8p t k\u27e9", "answer_start": 167}], "question": "Fortis counterparts are known as what in the Spanish language?", "id": "5acd293a07355d001abf3757", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lack of aspiration", "answer_start": 192}], "question": "Fortis counterparts are translated as what in the Chinese language?", "id": "5acd293a07355d001abf3758", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the \"lenis\" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as \u27e8b d \u0261\u27e9 are distinguished from their fortis counterparts \u27e8p t k\u27e9, mainly in their lack of aspiration."}], ["Sesetengah bentuk bahasa Yunani sebelum tempoh Yunani Koine dibina semula sebagai dihentikan berhenti. Dialek Attic Klasik Greek Purba mempunyai perbezaan tiga hala dalam perhentian seperti Armenia Timur: / t t / d /. Perhentian ini dipanggil \u03c8\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac, \u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ad\u03b1, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \"nipis, tebal, tengah\" oleh tatabahasa Koine Greek. <> Awal Yunani (sebelum Koine) telah redone dengan apa? || perhentian aspirasi. <> Apakah dialek Yunani mempunyai tiga arah pembezaan seperti Armenia Timur? || Attic Klasik <> Siapa yang menyebut dialek Attic Klasik berhenti dengan tiga perbezaan? || Tatabahasa Yunani <> Pembezaan dua arah dalam perhentian dipanggil apa? || <> Beberapa bentuk bahasa Inggeris dibina semula sebagai apa? || <> Bahasa Armenia mana yang mempunyai perbezaan dua arah dalam perhentian? || <> Dialek Artik Klasik milik negara mana? || <> Bahasa manakah yang dibina semula sebagai henti yang tidak diingini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Early Greek (before Koine) have been redone with what?", "id": "56e072537aa994140058e4c9", "answers": [{"text": "aspirated stops.", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Greek dialect had three-way stop distinction like Eastern Armenian?", "id": "56e072537aa994140058e4ca", "answers": [{"text": "Classical Attic", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who referred to the Classical Attic dialect stops by the three distinctions?", "id": "56e072537aa994140058e4cc", "answers": [{"text": "Greek grammarians", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u03c8\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac", "answer_start": 234}], "question": "A two-way distinction in stops was called what?", "id": "5acd2d8007355d001abf37f4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "having aspirated stops", "answer_start": 71}], "question": "Some forms of English are reconstructed as what?", "id": "5acd2d8007355d001abf37f5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Eastern Armenian", "answer_start": 182}], "question": "Which Armenian language had a two-way distinction in stops?", "id": "5acd2d8007355d001abf37f6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ancient Greek", "answer_start": 126}], "question": "The Classical Arctic dialect belonged to which country?", "id": "5acd2d8007355d001abf37f7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Some forms of Greek", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Which languages are reconstructed as having unaspirated stops?", "id": "5acd2d8007355d001abf37f8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some forms of Greek before the Koine Greek period are reconstructed as having aspirated stops. The Classical Attic dialect of Ancient Greek had a three-way distinction in stops like Eastern Armenian: /t t\u02b0 d/. These stops were called \u03c8\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac, \u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ad\u03b1, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \"thin, thick, middle\" by Koine Greek grammarians."}], ["Standard Cina (Mandarin) telah berhenti dan mengejutkan dibezakan oleh aspirasi: misalnya, / t t\u02b0 /, / t\u0361s t\u0361s\u02b0 /. Dalam pinyin, berhenti tenuis ditulis dengan huruf yang mewakili konsonan bersuara dalam bahasa Inggeris, dan dihentikan berhenti dengan huruf yang mewakili konsonan yang tidak bersuara. Oleh itu d mewakili / t /, dan t mewakili / t\u02b0 /. <> Mandarin telah berhenti dan melayan yang dibezakan oleh apa? || aspirasi <> Tenuis berhenti mempunyai huruf yang mewakili konsonan bahasa Inggeris yang disuarakan dalam apa? || pinyin <> Apa jenis berhenti di pinyin ditulis dengan huruf yang mewakili konsonan yang tidak bersuara? || hentikan dihasut <> Bahasa Inggeris telah berhenti dan mengejutkan dibezakan oleh apa? || <> Dalam pinyin, konsonan tenuis ditulis bagaimana? || <> Dalam pinyin, hentian yang tidak diasah ditulis bagaimana? || <> Apa yang ditulis dengan huruf yang mewakili konsonan yang disuarakan? || <> Apa yang mewakili d? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Mandarin has stops and affricates that are distinguished by what?", "id": "56e06cd3231d4119001ac0fd", "answers": [{"text": "aspiration", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tenuis stops have letters that are representative of English voiced consonant in what?", "id": "56e06cd3231d4119001ac0fe", "answers": [{"text": "pinyin", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of stops in pinyin are written with letters that representative of voiceless consonants?", "id": "56e06cd3231d4119001ac0ff", "answers": [{"text": "aspirated stops", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "aspiration", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "The English language has stops and affricates distinguished by what?", "id": "5acd29d707355d001abf3768", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "with letters that represent voiced consonants in English", "answer_start": 152}], "question": "In pinyin, tenuis consonants are written how?", "id": "5acd29d707355d001abf3769", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "with letters that represent voiceless consonants", "answer_start": 230}], "question": "In pinyin, unaspirated stops are written how?", "id": "5acd29d707355d001abf376a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "aspirated stops", "answer_start": 214}], "question": "What is written with letter that represent voiced consonants?", "id": "5acd29d707355d001abf376b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "/t/", "answer_start": 298}], "question": "What represents d?", "id": "5acd29d707355d001abf376c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t t\u02b0/, /t\u0361s t\u0361s\u02b0/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /t\u02b0/."}], ["Istilah aspirasi kadang-kadang merujuk kepada perubahan bunyi debukalisasi, di mana konsonan digenapkan (lemah) untuk menjadi berhenti glottal atau fricative [\u0294 h \u0266]. <> Aspirasi boleh merujuk kepada perubahan bunyi apa? || debukalisasi <> Debuccalization adalah apabila konsonan lemah menjadi apa? || hentikan glottal atau fricative <> Apa istilah lain untuk konsonan yang lemah? || lenited <> istilah jangka hayat kadang-kadang merujuk kepada apa? || <> Bilakah konsonan diperkuatkan untuk menjadi berhenti glottal atau fricative? || <> Apa yang kadang-kadang disebut sebagai perubahan vokal debukalisasi? || <> Apa yang kadang-kadang menjadi penghentian global atau frikatif? || <> Apabila bunyi dinyalakan menjadi apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Aspiration may refer to a sound change of what?", "id": "56e074547aa994140058e4fd", "answers": [{"text": "debuccalization", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Debuccalization is when consonants are weakened to become what?", "id": "56e074547aa994140058e4fe", "answers": [{"text": "glottal stop or fricative", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another term for a consonant being weakened?", "id": "56e074547aa994140058e4ff", "answers": [{"text": "lenited", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the sound change of debuccalization", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "The term unaspiration sometimes refers to what?", "id": "5acd312807355d001abf38ac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the sound change of debuccalization", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "When is a consonant strengthened to become a glottal stop or fricative?", "id": "5acd312807355d001abf38ad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "aspiration", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "What is sometime referred to as the vocal change of debuccalization?", "id": "5acd312807355d001abf38ae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a consonant", "answer_start": 86}], "question": "What sometimes becomes a global stop or fricative?", "id": "5acd312807355d001abf38af", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a glottal stop or fricative", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "When a sound is lenited it becomes what?", "id": "5acd312807355d001abf38b0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The term aspiration sometimes refers to the sound change of debuccalization, in which a consonant is lenited (weakened) to become a glottal stop or fricative [\u0294 h \u0266]."}], ["Kemudian, semasa tempoh Yunani Koine, berhenti dan yang tidak bersuara berhenti / t / d / dari Attic Greek lenited kepada fricative bersuara dan bersuara, menghasilkan / \u03b8 \u00f0 / dalam Abad Pertengahan dan Modern Greek. <> Attic Greek lenited to what? || frikatif tanpa suara dan bersuara <> Attic Greek yang ditimbulkan menghasilkan / \u03b8 \u00f0 / dalam apa tempoh? || Greek Abad Pertengahan dan Moden <> Arctic Greek menghasilkan apa versi bahasa Yunani yang lain? || <> Semasa tempoh apa yang tidak dipusingkan dan tidak bersuara berhenti bersambung dengan frikatif tanpa suara dan bersuara? || <> Apa yang mewakili terhenti dan tidak bersuara berhenti? || <> Arctic Greek lenited kepada apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Attic Greek lenited to what?", "id": "56e073d0231d4119001ac177", "answers": [{"text": "voiceless and voiced fricatives", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The lenited Attic Greek yielded /\u03b8 \u00f0/ in what periods?", "id": "56e073d0231d4119001ac179", "answers": [{"text": "Medieval and Modern Greek", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Medieval and Modern Greek", "answer_start": 156}], "question": "Arctic Greek yielded what other versions of the Greek language?", "id": "5acd307e07355d001abf3878", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Koine Greek period", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "During what period did unaspirated and voiceless stops lenited to voiceless and voiced fricatives?", "id": "5acd307e07355d001abf3879", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "/t\u02b0 d/", "answer_start": 72}], "question": "What represents unaspirated and voiceless stops?", "id": "5acd307e07355d001abf387a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "voiceless and voiced fricatives", "answer_start": 105}], "question": "Arctic Greek lenited to what?", "id": "5acd307e07355d001abf387b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Later, during the Koine Greek period, the aspirated and voiceless stops /t\u02b0 d/ of Attic Greek lenited to voiceless and voiced fricatives, yielding /\u03b8 \u00f0/ in Medieval and Modern Greek."}], ["Sesetengah ahli bahasa mengehadkan subjek double-dot \u27e8\u25cc\u0324\u27e9 kepada sonorants yang merungut, seperti vokal dan nasal, yang merungut sepanjang tempoh mereka, dan menggunakan cangkerang superscript \u27e8\u25cc\u02b1\u27e9 untuk pelepasan obstruen yang bersuara. <> Apa yang dibataskan oleh beberapa ahli bahasa dubuk double-dot \u27e8\u25cc\u0324\u27e9? || merenung sonorants <> Apa itu, menurut teks, merungut untuk tempoh mereka? || vokal dan nasal <> Apa yang menggunakan \u27e8\u25cc\u02b1\u27e9? || pembebasan obstruen yang bersuara. <> Sesetengah ahli bahasa mengehadkan apa yang menjadi penunjuk suara yang kuat? || <> Apa pemikiran merungut sebahagian daripada tempoh mereka? || <> Apa yang mewakili dot dua titik-aitch? || <> Apa yang digunakan untuk pembebasan obstruen yang kuat? || <> Semua ahli bahasa mengehadkan double-dot subscript kepada apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What do some linguists restrict the double-dot subscript \u27e8\u25cc\u0324\u27e9 to?", "id": "56e0769d7aa994140058e513", "answers": [{"text": "murmured sonorants", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are, according to the text, murmured for their duration?", "id": "56e0769d7aa994140058e514", "answers": [{"text": "vowels and nasals", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What uses the \u27e8\u25cc\u02b1\u27e9?", "id": "56e0769d7aa994140058e515", "answers": [{"text": "breathy-voiced release of obstruents.", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the double-dot subscript \u27e8\u25cc\u0324\u27e9", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "Some linguists restrict what to loud sonorants?", "id": "5acd331807355d001abf390e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "murmured sonorants, such as vowels and nasals", "answer_start": 57}], "question": "What are murmured thought part of their duration?", "id": "5acd331807355d001abf390f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u27e8\u25cc\u02b1\u27e9", "answer_start": 185}], "question": "What represents the double-dot hook-aitch?", "id": "5acd331807355d001abf3910", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the superscript hook-aitch", "answer_start": 158}], "question": "What is used for the loud-voiced release of obstruents?", "id": "5acd331807355d001abf3911", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "murmured sonorants", "answer_start": 57}], "question": "All linguists restrict the double-dot subscript to what?", "id": "5acd331807355d001abf3912", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some linguists restrict the double-dot subscript \u27e8\u25cc\u0324\u27e9 to murmured sonorants, such as vowels and nasals, which are murmured throughout their duration, and use the superscript hook-aitch \u27e8\u25cc\u02b1\u27e9 for the breathy-voiced release of obstruents."}], ["Konsonan yang dipanggil yang disuarakan bersuara hampir selalu diucapkan bukan dengan suara nafas, jenis fonasi atau getaran lipatan vokal. Huruf pengubah \u27e8\u25cc\u02b0\u27e9 selepas konsonan yang disuarakan sebenarnya mewakili perhentian gigi mulut atau muram, seperti \"berhenti bersuara\" bilabial berhenti \u27e8b\u02b0\u27e9 dalam bahasa Indo-Aryan. Oleh itu, konsonan ini lebih tepat ditranskripsikan sebagai \u27e8b\u0324\u27e9, dengan diacritic untuk suara pernafasan, atau dengan huruf pengubah \u27e8b\u02b1\u27e9, suatu bentuk superskrip simbol untuk fruktif glokal yang disuarakan \u27e8\u0266\u27e9. <> Apakah suara bernafas? || satu jenis fonasi atau getaran lipatan vokal <> The \u27e8b\u02b0\u27e9 dalam bahasa Indo-Aryan lebih baik disalin bagaimana untuk suara bernafas? || \u27e8B\u0324\u27e9, dengan diacritic <> Apakah bentuk simbol superskrip untuk fricative glottal yang tidak bersuara? || <> Konsonan yang tidak diketengahkan hampir selalu pronouced bagaimana? || <> Apa yang menyebabkan getaran bergumul tali vokal? || <> Apa yang mewakili berhenti gigi bersuara atau mulut yang kuat? || <> Apa yang mewakili \"panggilan suara\" bilabial berhenti dalam bahasa Inggeris? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is breathy voice?", "id": "56e075f87aa994140058e509", "answers": [{"text": "a type of phonation or vibration of the vocal folds", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The \u27e8b\u02b0\u27e9 in the Indo-Aryan languages is better transcribed how for breathy voice?", "id": "56e075f87aa994140058e50d", "answers": [{"text": "\u27e8b\u0324\u27e9, with the diacritic", "answer_start": 398}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u27e8b\u02b1\u27e9", "answer_start": 470}], "question": "What is the superscript form of the symbol for the voiceless glottal fricative?", "id": "5acd324a07355d001abf38dc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "with breathy voice", "answer_start": 75}], "question": "Unaspirated consonants are nearly always pronouced how?", "id": "5acd324a07355d001abf38dd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "aspirated consonants", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "What causes a murmured vibration of the vocal cords?", "id": "5acd324a07355d001abf38de", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The modifier letter \u27e8\u25cc\u02b0\u27e9", "answer_start": 148}], "question": "What represents a strong voiced or breathy dental stop?", "id": "5acd324a07355d001abf38df", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u27e8b\u02b0\u27e9", "answer_start": 305}], "question": "What represents the \"voice aspirated\" bilabial stop in the English language?", "id": "5acd324a07355d001abf38e0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "So-called voiced aspirated consonants are nearly always pronounced instead with breathy voice, a type of phonation or vibration of the vocal folds. The modifier letter \u27e8\u25cc\u02b0\u27e9 after a voiced consonant actually represents a breathy-voiced or murmured dental stop, as with the \"voiced aspirated\" bilabial stop \u27e8b\u02b0\u27e9 in the Indo-Aryan languages. This consonant is therefore more accurately transcribed as \u27e8b\u0324\u27e9, with the diacritic for breathy voice, or with the modifier letter \u27e8b\u02b1\u27e9, a superscript form of the symbol for the voiced glottal fricative \u27e8\u0266\u27e9."}]], [["Gas hidrogen (dihydrogen atau hidrogen molekul) sangat mudah terbakar dan akan terbakar di udara pada kepekatan yang sangat luas antara 4% dan 75% mengikut jumlah. Entalpi pembakaran untuk hidrogen adalah -286 kJ / mol: <> Untuk hidrogen apakah entalpi pembakaran? || 286 kJ / mol <> Apakah dua bentuk gas hidrogen? || dihydrogen atau molekul hidrogen <> Unsur mana yang mempunyai entalpi pembakaran pada -286 kJ / mol? || Hidrogen", {"qas": [{"question": "For hydrogen what is the enthalpy of combustion?", "id": "56e07476231d4119001ac17f", "answers": [{"text": "286 kJ/mol", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two forms of hydrogen gas?", "id": "56e07476231d4119001ac180", "answers": [{"text": "dihydrogen or molecular hydrogen", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which element has a enthalpy of combustion at \u2212286 kJ/mol?", "id": "56e07476231d4119001ac181", "answers": [{"text": "Hydrogen", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hydrogen gas (dihydrogen or molecular hydrogen) is highly flammable and will burn in air at a very wide range of concentrations between 4% and 75% by volume. The enthalpy of combustion for hydrogen is \u2212286 kJ/mol:"}], ["H2 bertindak balas dengan setiap elemen pengoksidaan. Hidrogen boleh bertindak secara spontan dan ganas pada suhu bilik dengan klorin dan fluorin untuk membentuk hidrogen halida, hidrogen klorida dan hidrogen fluorida, yang juga asid berbahaya. <> Apakah dua asid berbahaya yang lain? || hidrogen klorida dan hidrogen fluorida <> Suhu apa tindak balas hidrogen dengan unsur-unsur ini? || suhu bilik", {"qas": [{"question": "What are two other dangerous acids?", "id": "56e0758e7aa994140058e503", "answers": [{"text": "hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What temperature does hydrogen react with these elements?", "id": "56e0758e7aa994140058e505", "answers": [{"text": "room temperature", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "H2 reacts with every oxidizing element. Hydrogen can react spontaneously and violently at room temperature with chlorine and fluorine to form the corresponding hydrogen halides, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride, which are also potentially dangerous acids."}], ["Penerangan lebih tepat mengenai atom hidrogen berasal dari rawatan mekanik murni kuantum yang menggunakan persamaan Schr\u00f6dinger, persamaan Dirac atau bahkan formulasi integral jalan Feynman untuk mengira ketumpatan kebarangkalian elektron di sekitar proton. Rawatan yang paling rumit membolehkan kesan relatif relativiti khas dan polarisasi vakum. Dalam rawatan mekanik kuantum, elektron dalam atom hidrogen keadaan tanah tidak mempunyai momentum sudut sama sekali-ilustrasi bagaimana konsep \"orbit planet\" mengenai gerakan elektron berbeza dari realiti. <> Pergerakan apa jenis elektron tidak mempunyai keadaan dasar? || sudut", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of movement does the electron not have in ground state?", "id": "56e081487aa994140058e588", "answers": [{"text": "angular", "answer_start": 463}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A more accurate description of the hydrogen atom comes from a purely quantum mechanical treatment that uses the Schr\u00f6dinger equation, Dirac equation or even the Feynman path integral formulation to calculate the probability density of the electron around the proton. The most complicated treatments allow for the small effects of special relativity and vacuum polarization. In the quantum mechanical treatment, the electron in a ground state hydrogen atom has no angular momentum at all\u2014an illustration of how the \"planetary orbit\" conception of electron motion differs from reality."}], ["Tahap tenaga hidrogen dapat dikira secara tepat dengan menggunakan model Bohr atom, yang mengkonseptualisasikan elektron sebagai \"mengorbit\" proton dengan analogi dengan orbit Bumi Matahari. Walau bagaimanapun, daya elektromagnetik menarik elektron dan proton kepada satu sama lain, manakala planet dan objek angkasa tertarik satu sama lain dengan graviti. Kerana discretization momentum sudut yang diumulasi dalam mekanika kuantum awal oleh Bohr, elektron dalam model Bohr hanya dapat menempati beberapa jarak yang dibenarkan dari proton, dan karenanya hanya tenaga tertentu yang dibenarkan. <> Model id apa yang digunakan untuk mengira tahap tenaga hidrogen? || Model Bohr <> Apa yang menarik planet dan benda angkasa? || graviti <> Apa daya elektromagnetik menarik satu sama lain? || elektron dan proton", {"qas": [{"question": "What model id used to calculate energy levels of hydrogen?", "id": "56e077207aa994140058e519", "answers": [{"text": "Bohr model", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What attracts planets and celestial items?", "id": "56e077207aa994140058e51a", "answers": [{"text": "gravity", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the electromagnetic force attract to one another?", "id": "56e077207aa994140058e51b", "answers": [{"text": "electrons and protons", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The energy levels of hydrogen can be calculated fairly accurately using the Bohr model of the atom, which conceptualizes the electron as \"orbiting\" the proton in analogy to the Earth's orbit of the Sun. However, the electromagnetic force attracts electrons and protons to one another, while planets and celestial objects are attracted to each other by gravity. Because of the discretization of angular momentum postulated in early quantum mechanics by Bohr, the electron in the Bohr model can only occupy certain allowed distances from the proton, and therefore only certain allowed energies."}], ["Gas hidrogen dihasilkan secara buatan pertama pada awal abad ke-16, melalui pencampuran logam dengan asid. Pada 1766-81, Henry Cavendish adalah yang pertama mengakui bahawa gas hidrogen adalah bahan diskret, dan ia menghasilkan air apabila dibakar, suatu harta yang kemudiannya memberikan namanya: dalam bahasa Yunani, hidrogen bermaksud \"bekas air\". <> Bilakah gas hidrogen dihasilkan secara buatan buat kali pertama? || Awal abad ke-16 <> Siapa yang mula-mula menyedari bahawa hidrogen adalah bahan diskret? || Henry Cavendish <> Apabila ia dibakar apa yang dilakukan oleh hidrogen? || air <> Apakah terjemahan Greek untuk hidrogen? || bekas air", {"qas": [{"question": "When was hydrogen gas artificially produced for the first time?", "id": "56e073a47aa994140058e4df", "answers": [{"text": "early 16th century", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who first recognized that hydrogen was a discrete substance?", "id": "56e073a47aa994140058e4e1", "answers": [{"text": "Henry Cavendish", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When it is burned what does hydrogen make?", "id": "56e073a47aa994140058e4e2", "answers": [{"text": "water", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Greek translation for hydrogen?", "id": "56e073a47aa994140058e4e3", "answers": [{"text": "water-former", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hydrogen gas was first artificially produced in the early 16th century, via the mixing of metals with acids. In 1766\u201381, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize that hydrogen gas was a discrete substance, and that it produces water when burned, a property which later gave it its name: in Greek, hydrogen means \"water-former\"."}], ["Pengeluaran perindustrian adalah terutamanya dari pembaharuan stim gas asli, dan kurang daripada kaedah penghasilan hidrogen yang lebih intensif seperti elektrolisis air. Kebanyakan hidrogen digunakan berhampiran tapak pengeluarannya, dengan dua kegunaan terbesar iaitu pemprosesan bahan api fosil (contohnya, hidrokrak) dan pengeluaran ammonia, kebanyakannya untuk pasaran baja. Hidrogen adalah keprihatinan dalam metalurgi kerana ia boleh merangkumi banyak logam, merumitkan reka bentuk saluran paip dan tangki simpanan. <> Apa pasaran utama yang menggunakan pengeluaran ammonia? || pasaran baja <> Nama proses yang menggunakan bahan api fosil bersama dengan hidrogen. || hidrocracking", {"qas": [{"question": "What market primarily uses ammonia production?", "id": "56e074137aa994140058e4f5", "answers": [{"text": "the fertilizer market", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Name a process that uses fossil fuels along with hydrogen.", "id": "56e074137aa994140058e4f7", "answers": [{"text": "hydrocracking", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Industrial production is mainly from the steam reforming of natural gas, and less often from more energy-intensive hydrogen production methods like the electrolysis of water. Most hydrogen is employed near its production site, with the two largest uses being fossil fuel processing (e.g., hydrocracking) and ammonia production, mostly for the fertilizer market. Hydrogen is a concern in metallurgy as it can embrittle many metals, complicating the design of pipelines and storage tanks."}], ["Hidrogen adalah unsur kimia dengan simbol kimia H dan nombor atom 1. Dengan berat atom 7000100794000000000 \u2660 1.00794 u, hidrogen adalah unsur paling ringan pada jadual berkala. Bentuk monatomanya (H) adalah bahan kimia yang paling banyak di alam semesta, yang membentuk kira-kira 75% daripada semua jisim baryonik. [Nota 1] Bintang tidak tersisa kebanyakannya terdiri daripada hidrogen dalam keadaan plasmanya. Isotop hidrogen yang paling biasa, yang dinamakan protium (nama yang jarang digunakan, simbol 1H), mempunyai satu proton dan tiada neutron. <> Apakah simbol kimia hidrogen? || H <> Apakah nombor atom yang digunakan untuk hidrogen? || 1 <> Apakah berat atom untuk hidrogen? || 7000100794000000000 \u2660 1.00794 u <> Unsur apa yang dianggap paling ringan? || Hidrogen", {"qas": [{"question": "What is hydrogens chemical symbol?", "id": "56e0711b231d4119001ac141", "answers": [{"text": "H", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the atomic number used for hydrogen?", "id": "56e0711b231d4119001ac142", "answers": [{"text": "1", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the atomic weight for hydrogen?", "id": "56e0711b231d4119001ac143", "answers": [{"text": "7000100794000000000\u26601.00794 u", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What element is considered the lightest?", "id": "56e0711b231d4119001ac144", "answers": [{"text": "Hydrogen", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hydrogen is a chemical element with chemical symbol H and atomic number 1. With an atomic weight of 7000100794000000000\u26601.00794 u, hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table. Its monatomic form (H) is the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass.[note 1] Non-remnant stars are mainly composed of hydrogen in its plasma state. The most common isotope of hydrogen, termed protium (name rarely used, symbol 1H), has one proton and no neutrons."}], ["Gas hidrogen membentuk campuran letupan dengan udara jika ia adalah 4-74% pekat dan dengan klorin jika ia adalah 5-95% tertumpu. Campuran boleh dinyalakan oleh percikan api, panas atau cahaya matahari. Suhu hidrogen autoignition, suhu pencucuhan spontan di udara, ialah 500 \u00b0 C (932 \u00b0 F). Api hidrogen-oksigen tulen memancarkan cahaya ultraviolet dan dengan campuran oksigen yang tinggi hampir tidak dapat dilihat dengan mata kasar, seperti yang digambarkan oleh plume pengsan Enjin Utama Shuttle Space berbanding dengan plume yang sangat kelihatan dari Space Shuttle Rocket Booster Booster. Pengesanan kebocoran hidrogen membakar mungkin memerlukan pengesan api; kebocoran tersebut boleh menjadi sangat berbahaya. Api hidrogen dalam keadaan lain adalah biru, menyerupai nyalaan gas asli biru. Kemusnahan kapal udara Hindenburg merupakan contoh pembakaran hidrogen; punca itu diperdebatkan, tetapi nyalaan oren yang terlihat adalah hasil dari campuran hidrogen yang kaya dengan oksigen yang digabungkan dengan senyawa karbon dari kulit airship. <> Apa jenis cahaya yang membuat hidrogen oksigen membuat api? || cahaya ultraviolet <> Apa yang menyebabkan Hindenburg meletup? || pembakaran hidrogen", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of light do hydrogen-oxygen flames make?", "id": "56e074de231d4119001ac18a", "answers": [{"text": "ultraviolet light", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What caused  the Hindenburg to explode?", "id": "56e074de231d4119001ac18b", "answers": [{"text": "hydrogen combustion", "answer_start": 801}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hydrogen gas forms explosive mixtures with air if it is 4\u201374% concentrated and with chlorine if it is 5\u201395% concentrated. The mixtures may be ignited by spark, heat or sunlight. The hydrogen autoignition temperature, the temperature of spontaneous ignition in air, is 500 \u00b0C (932 \u00b0F). Pure hydrogen-oxygen flames emit ultraviolet light and with high oxygen mix are nearly invisible to the naked eye, as illustrated by the faint plume of the Space Shuttle Main Engine compared to the highly visible plume of a Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster. The detection of a burning hydrogen leak may require a flame detector; such leaks can be very dangerous. Hydrogen flames in other conditions are blue, resembling blue natural gas flames. The destruction of the Hindenburg airship was an infamous example of hydrogen combustion; the cause is debated, but the visible orange flames were the result of a rich mixture of hydrogen to oxygen combined with carbon compounds from the airship skin."}], ["Terdapat dua isomer spin berbeza molekul hidrogen diatomik yang berbeza dengan spin relatif nukleusnya. Dalam bentuk ortohidrogen, putaran dua proton selari dan membentuk keadaan triplet dengan nombor kuantum putaran molekul 1 (1/2 + 1/2); dalam bentuk parahidrogen putaran adalah antiparallel dan membentuk singlet dengan nombor kuantum putaran molekul sebanyak 0 (1/2-1/2). Pada suhu dan tekanan standard, gas hidrogen mengandungi kira-kira 25% daripada bentuk borang dan 75% daripada bentuk orto, yang juga dikenali sebagai \"bentuk normal\". Nisbah keseimbangan ortohydrogen hingga parahidrogen bergantung pada suhu, tetapi karena bentuk orto adalah keadaan teruja dan mempunyai tenaga yang lebih tinggi daripada bentuk para, itu tidak stabil dan tidak dapat disucikan. Pada suhu yang sangat rendah, keadaan keseimbangan disusun hampir secara eksklusif dari bentuk para. Sifat-sifat terma cair dan fasa gas parahidrogen tulen berbeza dengan ketara daripada bentuk normal kerana perbezaan kapasiti haba putaran, seperti yang dibincangkan dengan lebih lengkap dalam isomer spin hidrogen. Pembezaan ortho / para juga berlaku di dalam molekul yang mengandungi hidrogen atau kumpulan berfungsi seperti air dan metilena, tetapi tidak begitu penting untuk sifat habanya. <> Berapa banyak isomer spin yang berbeza wujud? || 2 <> Apakah keadaan proton ketika dalam bentuk ortohydrogen? || keadaan triplet <> Apabila gas hidrogen berada dalam suhu dan tekanan standard, bentuk apa yang dipertimbangkan dalam> || normal <> Berapa peratus daripada bentuk yang mengandungi gas hidrogen? || 25% <> Sebanyak peratus daripada bentuk orto mengandungi gas hidrogen? || 75%", {"qas": [{"question": "How many different spin isomers exist?", "id": "56e087957aa994140058e5c1", "answers": [{"text": "2", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What state are the protons in when in the orthohydrogen form?", "id": "56e087957aa994140058e5c2", "answers": [{"text": "triplet state", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When hydrogen gas is in standard temperature and pressure, what form is it considered in>", "id": "56e087957aa994140058e5c3", "answers": [{"text": "normal", "answer_start": 524}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percent of para form does hydrogen gas contain?", "id": "56e087957aa994140058e5c4", "answers": [{"text": "25%", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percent of ortho form does hydrogen gas contain?", "id": "56e087957aa994140058e5c5", "answers": [{"text": "75%", "answer_start": 482}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There exist two different spin isomers of hydrogen diatomic molecules that differ by the relative spin of their nuclei. In the orthohydrogen form, the spins of the two protons are parallel and form a triplet state with a molecular spin quantum number of 1 (1\u20442+1\u20442); in the parahydrogen form the spins are antiparallel and form a singlet with a molecular spin quantum number of 0 (1\u20442\u20131\u20442). At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen gas contains about 25% of the para form and 75% of the ortho form, also known as the \"normal form\". The equilibrium ratio of orthohydrogen to parahydrogen depends on temperature, but because the ortho form is an excited state and has a higher energy than the para form, it is unstable and cannot be purified. At very low temperatures, the equilibrium state is composed almost exclusively of the para form. The liquid and gas phase thermal properties of pure parahydrogen differ significantly from those of the normal form because of differences in rotational heat capacities, as discussed more fully in spin isomers of hydrogen. The ortho/para distinction also occurs in other hydrogen-containing molecules or functional groups, such as water and methylene, but is of little significance for their thermal properties."}], ["Kemunculan pertama hidrogen atom yang pertama berlaku semasa zaman rekombinasi. Pada suhu dan tekanan standard, hidrogen adalah gas diatomik yang tidak mudah terbakar, tanpa asap, tidak berbau, tidak mudah tercemar dengan formula molekul H2. Oleh sebab hidrogen mudah membentuk sebatian kovalen dengan unsur-unsur yang bukan logam, kebanyakan hidrogen di Bumi wujud dalam bentuk molekul seperti dalam bentuk air atau sebatian organik. Hidrogen memainkan peranan yang sangat penting dalam tindak balas asid-as kerana banyak tindak balas asid melibatkan pertukaran proton antara molekul larut. Dalam sebatian ionik, hidrogen boleh mengambil bentuk cas negatif (iaitu, anion) apabila ia dikenal sebagai hidrida, atau sebagai spesies yang dikenakan secara positif (iaitu, kation) yang dilambangkan oleh simbol H +. Kation hidrogen ditulis seperti yang terdiri daripada proton kosong, tetapi dalam kenyataannya, kation hidrogen dalam sebatian ionik sentiasa lebih kompleks daripada spesies yang akan dicadangkan. Sebagai satu-satunya atom neutral yang mana persamaan Schr\u00f6dinger dapat diselesaikan secara analitik, kajian tentang tenaga dan ikatan atom hidrogen telah memainkan peranan utama dalam pembangunan mekanik kuantum. <> Bentuk apa yang anda boleh cari hidrogen di Bumi? || molekul <> Apakah molekul make-up hidrogen? || H2 <> Apakah tiga sifat hidrogen pada suhu normal dan tekanan normal? || tidak berwarna, tidak berbau, tawar <> Apakah caj yang ditunjukkan oleh hidrogen dalam sebatian ionik apabila ia dikenali sebagai hidrida? || negatif <> Bidang pengajian apa hidrogen dan sifatnya memainkan peranan utama dalam pembangunan? || mekanik kuantum", {"qas": [{"question": "What form can you find hydrogen is on Earth?", "id": "56e0733b231d4119001ac16d", "answers": [{"text": "molecular", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the molecular make-up of hydrogen?", "id": "56e0733b231d4119001ac16e", "answers": [{"text": "H2", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are three properties of hydrogen at normal temperature and normal pressure?", "id": "56e0733b231d4119001ac16f", "answers": [{"text": "colorless, odorless, tasteless", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What charge does hydrogen display in ionic compounds when it is called a hydride?", "id": "56e0733b231d4119001ac170", "answers": [{"text": "negative", "answer_start": 656}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What field of study has hydrogen and it's properties played a key role in development?", "id": "56e0733b231d4119001ac171", "answers": [{"text": "quantum mechanics", "answer_start": 1159}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The universal emergence of atomic hydrogen first occurred during the recombination epoch. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, nonmetallic, highly combustible diatomic gas with the molecular formula H2. Since hydrogen readily forms covalent compounds with most non-metallic elements, most of the hydrogen on Earth exists in molecular forms such as in the form of water or organic compounds. Hydrogen plays a particularly important role in acid\u2013base reactions as many acid-base reactions involve the exchange of protons between soluble molecules. In ionic compounds, hydrogen can take the form of a negative charge (i.e., anion) when it is known as a hydride, or as a positively charged (i.e., cation) species denoted by the symbol H+. The hydrogen cation is written as though composed of a bare proton, but in reality, hydrogen cations in ionic compounds are always more complex species than that would suggest. As the only neutral atom for which the Schr\u00f6dinger equation can be solved analytically, study of the energetics and bonding of the hydrogen atom has played a key role in the development of quantum mechanics."}], ["Walaupun eksotik di Bumi, salah satu ion yang paling biasa di alam semesta ialah H +\n3 ion, dikenali sebagai hidrogen molekul protonasi atau kation trihidrogen. <> Hidrogen molekul jenis apa yang diketahui oleh H + 3? || protonated <> Apa jenis kation yang dikenali sebagai H + 3? || kation trihidrogen", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of molecular hydrogen is the H+3 knows as?", "id": "56e0afa2231d4119001ac354", "answers": [{"text": "protonated", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of cation is the H+3 knowns as?", "id": "56e0afa2231d4119001ac355", "answers": [{"text": "trihydrogen cation", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although exotic on Earth, one of the most common ions in the universe is the H+\n3 ion, known as protonated molecular hydrogen or the trihydrogen cation."}], ["Walaupun hidrida boleh dibentuk dengan hampir semua elemen kumpulan utama, bilangan dan kombinasi sebatian mungkin berbeza secara meluas; Sebagai contoh, terdapat lebih daripada 100 hydride borane binari yang diketahui, tetapi hanya satu hidrida aluminium binari. Indium hidrida perduaan belum dikenal pasti, walaupun terdapat kompleks yang lebih besar. <> Berapa banyak hidrida borane binari yang diketahui? || lebih dari 100 <> Berapa banyak hidrida aluminium binari yang ada? || 1", {"qas": [{"question": "How many binary borane hydrides are known?", "id": "56e0914c7aa994140058e5f7", "answers": [{"text": "over 100", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many binary aluminum hydrides are there?", "id": "56e0914c7aa994140058e5f8", "answers": [{"text": "1", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although hydrides can be formed with almost all main-group elements, the number and combination of possible compounds varies widely; for example, there are over 100 binary borane hydrides known, but only one binary aluminium hydride. Binary indium hydride has not yet been identified, although larger complexes exist."}], ["Dalam kimia bukan organik, hidrida juga boleh berfungsi sebagai ligan bridging yang menghubungkan dua pusat logam dalam kompleks koordinasi. Fungsi ini sangat lazim digunakan dalam kumpulan 13 elemen, terutamanya dalam boranes (hydrides boron) dan kompleks aluminium, serta dalam karboran berkumpulan. <> Apa kimia hidrida berfungsi sebagai ligan bridging? || kimia tak organik <> Apakah hidrida yang menghubungkan ligan yang menghubungkan? || menghubungkan dua pusat logam <> Kumpulan apa yang membosankan ligan yang paling biasa? || kumpulan 13", {"qas": [{"question": "What chemistry do hydrides serve as bridging ligands?", "id": "56e092177aa994140058e5fd", "answers": [{"text": "inorganic chemistry", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do hydrides that are bridging ligands link up?", "id": "56e092177aa994140058e5fe", "answers": [{"text": "link two metal centers", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group is briging ligands most common in?", "id": "56e092177aa994140058e5ff", "answers": [{"text": "group 13", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In inorganic chemistry, hydrides can also serve as bridging ligands that link two metal centers in a coordination complex. This function is particularly common in group 13 elements, especially in boranes (boron hydrides) and aluminium complexes, as well as in clustered carboranes."}], ["Pengoksidaan hidrogen menghilangkan elektronnya dan memberikan H +, yang tidak mengandungi elektron dan nukleus yang biasanya terdiri daripada satu proton. Itulah sebabnya H + sering dipanggil proton. Spesies ini adalah pusat perbincangan asid. Di bawah teori Bronsted-Lowry, asid adalah penderma proton, manakala asasnya adalah penerima proton. <> Apabila hidrogen mengoksida, apa yang dibuang? || elektron <> Apabila hidrogen mengoksida, apa yang akhirnya memberi? || H + <> Teori apa yang mencadangkan bahawa asid adalah penderma proton? || Bronsted-Lowry", {"qas": [{"question": "When hydrogen oxidates, what is it removing?", "id": "56e09c507aa994140058e64d", "answers": [{"text": "electrons", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When hydrogen oxidates, what does it end up giving?", "id": "56e09c507aa994140058e64e", "answers": [{"text": "H+", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What theory suggests that acids are proton donors?", "id": "56e09c507aa994140058e651", "answers": [{"text": "Bronsted-Lowry", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Oxidation of hydrogen removes its electron and gives H+, which contains no electrons and a nucleus which is usually composed of one proton. That is why H+ is often called a proton. This species is central to discussion of acids. Under the Bronsted-Lowry theory, acids are proton donors, while bases are proton acceptors."}], ["Untuk mengelakkan implikasi \"proton diselesaikan\" dalam larutan, penyelesaian berair berasid kadang-kadang dianggap mengandungi spesies kurang fiksyen, yang disebut \"ion hidronium\" (H\n3O +). Walau bagaimanapun, walaupun dalam kes ini, kation hidrogen yang diselaraskan lebih realistik dikandung sebagai terorganisir ke dalam kluster yang membentuk spesies lebih dekat dengan H\n9O +\n4. Ion oksonium yang lain didapati apabila air dalam larutan berasid dengan pelarut lain. <> Di manakah ion oxonium dapat dijumpai? || dalam larutan berasid dengan pelarut lain <> Apa istilah lain ialah proton yang diselaraskan dirujuk sebagai? || ion hidronium", {"qas": [{"question": "Where can oxonium ions be found?", "id": "56e0af0c231d4119001ac34d", "answers": [{"text": "in acidic solution with other solvents", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other term is a solvated protons referred as?", "id": "56e0af0c231d4119001ac34e", "answers": [{"text": "hydronium ion", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "To avoid the implication of the naked \"solvated proton\" in solution, acidic aqueous solutions are sometimes considered to contain a less unlikely fictitious species, termed the \"hydronium ion\" (H\n3O+). However, even in this case, such solvated hydrogen cations are more realistically conceived as being organized into clusters that form species closer to H\n9O+\n4. Other oxonium ions are found when water is in acidic solution with other solvents."}], ["Proton kosong, H +, tidak boleh wujud dalam penyelesaian atau dalam kristal ionik, kerana tarikannya yang tidak boleh dihalang kepada atom atau molekul lain dengan elektron. Kecuali pada suhu tinggi yang dikaitkan dengan plasmas, proton tersebut tidak dapat dikeluarkan dari awan elektron atom dan molekul, dan akan tetap melekat padanya. Walau bagaimanapun, istilah 'proton' kadang-kadang digunakan secara longgar dan metafora untuk merujuk kepada hidrogen positif atau hidrogen kationik yang melekat pada spesies lain dengan cara ini, dan oleh itu dilambangkan \"H +\" tanpa sebarang implikasi bahawa mana-mana proton tunggal wujud secara bebas sebagai spesies. <> Apa istilah lain untuk proton kosong? || H +", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another term for a bare proton?", "id": "56e09d01231d4119001ac2d3", "answers": [{"text": "H+", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A bare proton, H+, cannot exist in solution or in ionic crystals, because of its unstoppable attraction to other atoms or molecules with electrons. Except at the high temperatures associated with plasmas, such protons cannot be removed from the electron clouds of atoms and molecules, and will remain attached to them. However, the term 'proton' is sometimes used loosely and metaphorically to refer to positively charged or cationic hydrogen attached to other species in this fashion, and as such is denoted \"H+\" without any implication that any single protons exist freely as a species."}], ["Sebatian hidrogen sering dipanggil hydrides, istilah yang digunakan dengan agak longgar. Istilah \"hidrida\" menunjukkan bahawa atom H telah memperolehi karakter negatif atau anionik, yang ditandakan sebagai H-, dan digunakan apabila hidrogen membentuk sebatian dengan elemen yang lebih elektropositif. Kewujudan anion hidrida yang dicadangkan oleh Gilbert N. Lewis pada tahun 1916 untuk hydrides seperti I dan II garam, ditunjukkan oleh Moers pada tahun 1920 oleh elektrolisis litium hidrida lebur (LiH), menghasilkan kuantiti stoikiometri hidrogen di anod. Untuk hidrida selain daripada kumpulan I dan II logam, istilah ini agak mengelirukan, memandangkan elektronegativiti rendah hidrogen. Pengecualian dalam hidrida kumpulan II adalah BeH\n2, iaitu polimer. Dalam hidrida aluminium lithium, AlH-\n4 anion membawa pusat-pusat hidrolik yang kuat ke Al (III). <> Siapa yang mencadangkan anion hidrida wujud? Watak adakah atom H mempunyai hidrida? || Gilbert N. Lewis <> Apakah kumpulan hidrida yang BEH dianggap polimer? || kumpulan II", {"qas": [{"question": " Who suggested that hydride anions existed?character does the H atom have in a hydride?", "id": "56e090e27aa994140058e5ee", "answers": [{"text": "Gilbert N. Lewis", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group of hydrides is BEH considered polymeric?", "id": "56e090e27aa994140058e5f0", "answers": [{"text": "group II", "answer_start": 672}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Compounds of hydrogen are often called hydrides, a term that is used fairly loosely. The term \"hydride\" suggests that the H atom has acquired a negative or anionic character, denoted H\u2212, and is used when hydrogen forms a compound with a more electropositive element. The existence of the hydride anion, suggested by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1916 for group I and II salt-like hydrides, was demonstrated by Moers in 1920 by the electrolysis of molten lithium hydride (LiH), producing a stoichiometry quantity of hydrogen at the anode. For hydrides other than group I and II metals, the term is quite misleading, considering the low electronegativity of hydrogen. An exception in group II hydrides is BeH\n2, which is polymeric. In lithium aluminium hydride, the AlH\u2212\n4 anion carries hydridic centers firmly attached to the Al(III)."}], ["Interconversion yang tidak terurut antara para dan ortho H2 bertambah dengan peningkatan suhu; dengan itu, kembungnya dengan cepat H2 mengandungi sejumlah besar bentuk orto bertenaga tinggi yang menukarkan bentuknya secara perlahan. Nisbah ortho / para dalam H2 yang terkondensasi adalah pertimbangan penting dalam penyediaan dan penyimpanan hidrogen cair: penukaran dari ortho kepada para adalah eksotermik dan menghasilkan haba yang mencukupi untuk menguap beberapa cecair hidrogen, yang mengakibatkan kehilangan bahan cecair. Pemangkin untuk interconversion ortho, seperti ferida oksida, karbon diaktifkan, asbestin platina, logam nadir bumi, sebatian uranium, oksida kromik, atau sebatian nikel, digunakan semasa penyejukan hidrogen. <> Apakah beberapa pemangkin yang digunakan dalam penyejukan hidrogen || ferida oksida, karbon aktif, asbestin platina, logam nadir bumi, sebatian uranium, oksida kromik, atau sebatian nikel", {"qas": [{"question": "What are some catalysts used in hydrogen cooling", "id": "56e088e17aa994140058e5ce", "answers": [{"text": "ferric oxide, activated carbon, platinized asbestos, rare earth metals, uranium compounds, chromic oxide, or some nickel compounds", "answer_start": 549}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The uncatalyzed interconversion between para and ortho H2 increases with increasing temperature; thus rapidly condensed H2 contains large quantities of the high-energy ortho form that converts to the para form very slowly. The ortho/para ratio in condensed H2 is an important consideration in the preparation and storage of liquid hydrogen: the conversion from ortho to para is exothermic and produces enough heat to evaporate some of the hydrogen liquid, leading to loss of liquefied material. Catalysts for the ortho-para interconversion, such as ferric oxide, activated carbon, platinized asbestos, rare earth metals, uranium compounds, chromic oxide, or some nickel compounds, are used during hydrogen cooling."}], ["Walaupun H2 tidak begitu reaktif di bawah keadaan standard, ia membentuk sebatian dengan kebanyakan elemen. Hidrogen boleh membentuk sebatian dengan unsur-unsur yang lebih elektronegatif, seperti halogen (mis., F, Cl, Br, I), atau oksigen; dalam sebatian hidrogen ini mengambil satu charge positif separa. Apabila terikat kepada fluorin, oksigen, atau nitrogen, hidrogen boleh mengambil bahagian dalam bentuk ikatan non-kovalen kekuatan sederhana dengan molekul serupa yang lain di antara hidrogen mereka yang dipanggil ikatan hidrogen, yang penting untuk kestabilan molekul biologi banyak. Hidrogen juga membentuk sebatian dengan unsur-unsur elektronegatif yang kurang, seperti logam dan metaloid, di mana ia memerlukan caj negatif separa. Sebatian ini sering dikenali sebagai hidrida. <> Apakah indera hidrogen mengambil apabila dicampur dengan zarah elektronegatif? || caj positif <> Apa jenis caj yang dikenakan hidrogen apabila digabungkan dengan logam? || negatif <> Apabila hidrogen membentuk dengan logam, apakah sebatian dipanggil? || hidrida <> Adakah H2 reaktif dalam keadaan standard? || tidak", {"qas": [{"question": "What ind of charge does hydrogen take when mixed with electronegative particles?", "id": "56e08a18231d4119001ac290", "answers": [{"text": "positive charge", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of charge does hydrogen take when combined with a metal?", "id": "56e08a18231d4119001ac291", "answers": [{"text": "negative", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When hydrogen forms with a metal, what is the compound called?", "id": "56e08a18231d4119001ac292", "answers": [{"text": "hydrides", "answer_start": 734}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is H2 reactive in standard conditions?", "id": "56e08a18231d4119001ac293", "answers": [{"text": "not", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "While H2 is not very reactive under standard conditions, it does form compounds with most elements. Hydrogen can form compounds with elements that are more electronegative, such as halogens (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I), or oxygen; in these compounds hydrogen takes on a partial positive charge. When bonded to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen, hydrogen can participate in a form of medium-strength noncovalent bonding with other similar molecules between their hydrogens called hydrogen bonding, which is critical to the stability of many biological molecules. Hydrogen also forms compounds with less electronegative elements, such as the metals and metalloids, in which it takes on a partial negative charge. These compounds are often known as hydrides."}], ["Hidrogen membentuk sebilangan besar sebatian dengan karbon yang dipanggil hidrokarbon, dan pelbagai yang lebih tegar dengan heteroatom yang, kerana persatuan umum mereka dengan benda hidup, dipanggil sebatian organik. Kajian sifat mereka dikenali sebagai kimia organik dan kajian mereka dalam konteks organisma hidup dikenali sebagai biokimia. Dengan beberapa definisi, sebatian \"organik\" hanya diperlukan untuk mengandungi karbon. Walau bagaimanapun, kebanyakannya juga mengandungi hidrogen, dan kerana ia adalah ikatan karbon-hidrogen yang memberikan sebatian ini kepada kebanyakan ciri-ciri kimia tertentu, ikatan karbon-hidrogen diperlukan dalam beberapa definisi perkataan \"organik\" dalam kimia. Berjuta-juta hidrokarbon diketahui, dan ia biasanya dibentuk oleh laluan sintetik rumit, yang jarang melibatkan hidrogen asas. <> Apakah bentuk hidrogen dan karbon yang dipanggil? || hidrokarbon <> Apakah bentuk hidrogen dan heteroatom dipanggil? || sebatian organik <> Apakah kajian sifat-sifat sebatian organik yang dikenali sebagai? || kimia organik <> Apakah kajian tentang organisma hidup yang dikenali sebagai? || biokimia <> Sebatian organik hanya diperlukan untuk menganggap apa? || karbon", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the form of hydrogen and carbon called?", "id": "56e08b457aa994140058e5e3", "answers": [{"text": "hydrocarbons", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the form of hydrogen and heteroatoms called?", "id": "56e08b457aa994140058e5e4", "answers": [{"text": "organic compounds", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the study of organic compounds properties known as?", "id": "56e08b457aa994140058e5e5", "answers": [{"text": "organic chemistry", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the study of living organisms known as?", "id": "56e08b457aa994140058e5e6", "answers": [{"text": "biochemistry", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Organic compounds are only required to conatin what?", "id": "56e08b457aa994140058e5e7", "answers": [{"text": "carbon", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hydrogen forms a vast array of compounds with carbon called the hydrocarbons, and an even vaster array with heteroatoms that, because of their general association with living things, are called organic compounds. The study of their properties is known as organic chemistry and their study in the context of living organisms is known as biochemistry. By some definitions, \"organic\" compounds are only required to contain carbon. However, most of them also contain hydrogen, and because it is the carbon-hydrogen bond which gives this class of compounds most of its particular chemical characteristics, carbon-hydrogen bonds are required in some definitions of the word \"organic\" in chemistry. Millions of hydrocarbons are known, and they are usually formed by complicated synthetic pathways, which seldom involve elementary hydrogen."}], ["Lavoisier menghasilkan hidrogen untuk eksperimennya mengenai pemuliharaan besar-besaran dengan bertindak balas fluks stim dengan besi metalik melalui tiub besi pijar yang dipanaskan dalam api. Pengoksidaan anaerobik besi oleh proton air pada suhu tinggi boleh diwakili secara skematik oleh set tindak balas berikut: <> Bagaimana Lavoisier menghasilkan hidrogen untuk eksperimennya? || merespons aliran wap dengan besi metalik melalui tiub besi pijar yang dipanaskan dalam api", {"qas": [{"question": "How did Lavoisier produce hydrogen for his experiments?", "id": "56e16aa1cd28a01900c678c7", "answers": [{"text": "reacting a flux of steam with metallic iron through an incandescent iron tube heated in a fire", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Lavoisier produced hydrogen for his experiments on mass conservation by reacting a flux of steam with metallic iron through an incandescent iron tube heated in a fire. Anaerobic oxidation of iron by the protons of water at high temperature can be schematically represented by the set of following reactions:"}], ["Hidrogen mempunyai tiga isotop yang semulajadi, dilambangkan 1H, 2H dan 3H. Nukleus lain yang sangat tidak stabil (4H hingga 7H) telah disintesis dalam makmal tetapi tidak diamati. <> Berapa banyak isotop semulajadi yang mempunyai hidrogen> || 3H <> Apakah nama isotop-isotop ini? || dilambangkan 1H, 2H dan 3H <> Yang isotop mempunyai nukleus yang tidak stabil? || 4H hingga 7H", {"qas": [{"question": "How many natural isotopes does hydrogen have>", "id": "56e0b0667aa994140058e6a5", "answers": [{"text": "3H", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the names of these isotopes?", "id": "56e0b0667aa994140058e6a6", "answers": [{"text": "denoted 1H, 2H and 3H", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which isotopes have unstable nuclei?", "id": "56e0b0667aa994140058e6a7", "answers": [{"text": "4H to 7H", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes, denoted 1H, 2H and 3H. Other, highly unstable nuclei (4H to 7H) have been synthesized in the laboratory but not observed in nature."}], ["Pada tahun yang sama turbogenerator sejuk hidrogen yang pertama telah berkhidmat dengan hidrogen gas sebagai penyejuk di pemutar dan stator pada tahun 1937 di Dayton, Ohio, oleh Dayton Power & Light Co .; kerana kekonduksian haba gas hidrogen, ini adalah jenis yang paling biasa dalam bidangnya hari ini. <> Dalam tahun apakah hidrogen pertama yang disejukkan oleh turbogenerator masuk ke perkhidmatan? || 1937 <> Apakah keadaan Dayton Power dan syarikat ringan yang terletak? || Ohio", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the first hydrogen cooled turbogenerator go into service?", "id": "56e170cfcd28a01900c67937", "answers": [{"text": "1937", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What state is the Dayton Power and light Company located?", "id": "56e170cfcd28a01900c67939", "answers": [{"text": "Ohio", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the same year the first hydrogen-cooled turbogenerator went into service with gaseous hydrogen as a coolant in the rotor and the stator in 1937 at Dayton, Ohio, by the Dayton Power & Light Co.; because of the thermal conductivity of hydrogen gas, this is the most common type in its field today."}], ["Bateri hidrogen nikel digunakan untuk kali pertama pada tahun 1977 di atas kapal Navigasi Tentera Laut A.S. satelit-2 (NTS-2). Sebagai contoh, ISS, Mars Odyssey dan Juruukur Global Mars dilengkapi dengan bateri nikel-hidrogen. Di bahagian gelap orbitnya, Teleskop Angkasa Hubble juga dikuasakan oleh bateri nikel-hidrogen, yang akhirnya digantikan pada Mei 2009, lebih daripada 19 tahun selepas pelancaran, dan 13 tahun ke atas reka bentuk kehidupan mereka. <> Tahun apa bateri hidrogen nikel yang pertama digunakan? || 1977 <> Pada tahun apakah teleskop angkasa lepas akhirnya mendapat bateri hidrogen nikel? || 2009", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was the first nickel hydrogen battery used?", "id": "56e176a2cd28a01900c6797b", "answers": [{"text": "1977", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the hubble space telescope finally get the nickel hydrogen battery?", "id": "56e176a2cd28a01900c6797e", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The nickel hydrogen battery was used for the first time in 1977 aboard the U.S. Navy's Navigation technology satellite-2 (NTS-2). For example, the ISS, Mars Odyssey and the Mars Global Surveyor are equipped with nickel-hydrogen batteries. In the dark part of its orbit, the Hubble Space Telescope is also powered by nickel-hydrogen batteries, which were finally replaced in May 2009, more than 19 years after launch, and 13 years over their design life."}], ["Hidrogen telah dicairkan untuk kali pertama oleh James Dewar pada tahun 1898 dengan menggunakan penyejukan regeneratif dan ciptaannya, flask vakum. Dia menghasilkan hidrogen pepejal pada tahun hadapan. Deuterium ditemui pada Disember 1931 oleh Harold Urey, dan tritium telah disediakan pada tahun 1934 oleh Ernest Rutherford, Mark Oliphant, dan Paul Harteck. Air berat, yang terdiri daripada deuterium di tempat hidrogen biasa, ditemui oleh kumpulan Urey pada tahun 1932. Fran\u00e7ois Isaac de Rivaz membina enjin de Rivaz yang pertama, enjin pembakaran dalaman yang dikuasai oleh campuran hidrogen dan oksigen pada tahun 1806. Edward Daniel Clarke mencipta blowpipe gas hidrogen pada tahun 1819. Lampu D\u00f6bereiner dan pusat perhatian dicipta pada 1823. <> Siapa yang pertama membubarkan hidrogen? || James Dewar <> Pada tahun apakah James Dewar pertama membubarkan hidrogen? || 1898 <> Tahun apakah Deuterium ditemui? || 1931 <> Siapa yang pertama menemui deuterium? || Harold Urey <> Tahun apa tritium ditemui? || 1934", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the first to liquidize hydrogen?", "id": "56e16b59cd28a01900c678dd", "answers": [{"text": "James Dewar", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year Did James Dewar first liquidize hydrogen?", "id": "56e16b59cd28a01900c678de", "answers": [{"text": "1898", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Deuterium discovered?", "id": "56e16b59cd28a01900c678df", "answers": [{"text": "1931", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first to discover deuterium?", "id": "56e16b59cd28a01900c678e0", "answers": [{"text": "Harold Urey", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was tritium discovered?", "id": "56e16b59cd28a01900c678e1", "answers": [{"text": "1934", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hydrogen was liquefied for the first time by James Dewar in 1898 by using regenerative cooling and his invention, the vacuum flask. He produced solid hydrogen the next year. Deuterium was discovered in December 1931 by Harold Urey, and tritium was prepared in 1934 by Ernest Rutherford, Mark Oliphant, and Paul Harteck. Heavy water, which consists of deuterium in the place of regular hydrogen, was discovered by Urey's group in 1932. Fran\u00e7ois Isaac de Rivaz built the first de Rivaz engine, an internal combustion engine powered by a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in 1806. Edward Daniel Clarke invented the hydrogen gas blowpipe in 1819. The D\u00f6bereiner's lamp and limelight were invented in 1823."}], ["Kerana struktur atom mudahnya, hanya terdiri daripada proton dan elektron, atom hidrogen, bersama-sama dengan spektrum cahaya yang dihasilkan daripadanya atau diserap olehnya, telah menjadi pusat perkembangan teori struktur atom. Selanjutnya kesederhanaan molekul hidrogen dan kation yang sama H +\n2 membenarkan pemahaman yang lebih lengkap tentang sifat ikatan kimia, yang diikuti tidak lama selepas rawatan mekanik kuantum atom hidrogen telah dibangunkan pada pertengahan 1920-an. <> Apakah atom hidrogen yang terdiri daripada? || proton dan elektron <> Teori apa yang atom hidrogen sebahagian besar? || struktur atom <> Bilakah rawatan mekanik kuantum atom hidrogen dikembangkan? || 1920-an", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the hydrogen atom made up of?", "id": "56e17de1e3433e1400422f78", "answers": [{"text": "a proton and an electron", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What theory is the hydrogen atom a big part of?", "id": "56e17de1e3433e1400422f79", "answers": [{"text": "atomic structure", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the quantum mechanical treatment of the hydrogen atom developed?", "id": "56e17de1e3433e1400422f7a", "answers": [{"text": "1920s", "answer_start": 526}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Because of its simple atomic structure, consisting only of a proton and an electron, the hydrogen atom, together with the spectrum of light produced from it or absorbed by it, has been central to the development of the theory of atomic structure. Furthermore, the corresponding simplicity of the hydrogen molecule and the corresponding cation H+\n2 allowed fuller understanding of the nature of the chemical bond, which followed shortly after the quantum mechanical treatment of the hydrogen atom had been developed in the mid-1920s."}], ["Hidrogen adalah satu-satunya unsur yang mempunyai nama yang berlainan untuk isotopnya yang biasa digunakan hari ini. Semasa kajian awal radioaktif, pelbagai isotop radioaktif berat diberi nama mereka sendiri, tetapi namanya tidak lagi digunakan, kecuali deuterium dan tritium. Simbol-simbol D dan T (bukan 2H dan 3H) kadang-kadang digunakan untuk deuterium dan tritium, tetapi simbol yang sesuai untuk protium, P, sudah digunakan untuk fosforus dan oleh itu tidak tersedia untuk protium. Dalam garis panduan nomenclatifnya, Kesatuan Antarabangsa Kimia Murni dan Terapan membolehkan mana-mana D, T, 2H, dan 3H digunakan, walaupun 2H dan 3H lebih disukai. <> Unsur manakah yang mempunyai nama yang berbeza untuk isotopnya? || Hidrogen <> Apakah dua nama sahaja yang masih digunakan untuk isotop radioaktif? || deuterium dan tritium <> Apakah simbol yang digunakan untuk deuterium dan tritium? || D dan T <> Apakah simbol P mewakili? || fosforus <> Apakah simbol pilihan untuk deuterium dan tritium? || 2H dan 3H", {"qas": [{"question": "Which element is the only that has different names for its isotopes?", "id": "56e0b2127aa994140058e6ad", "answers": [{"text": "Hydrogen", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the only two names still used for radioactive isotopes?", "id": "56e0b2127aa994140058e6ae", "answers": [{"text": "deuterium and tritium", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the symbols used for deuterium and tritium?", "id": "56e0b2127aa994140058e6af", "answers": [{"text": "D and T", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the symbol P represent?", "id": "56e0b2127aa994140058e6b0", "answers": [{"text": "phosphorus", "answer_start": 421}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the preferred symbols for deuterium and tritium?", "id": "56e0b2127aa994140058e6b1", "answers": [{"text": "2H and 3H", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hydrogen is the only element that has different names for its isotopes in common use today. During the early study of radioactivity, various heavy radioactive isotopes were given their own names, but such names are no longer used, except for deuterium and tritium. The symbols D and T (instead of 2H and 3H) are sometimes used for deuterium and tritium, but the corresponding symbol for protium, P, is already in use for phosphorus and thus is not available for protium. In its nomenclatural guidelines, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry allows any of D, T, 2H, and 3H to be used, although 2H and 3H are preferred."}], ["Persimpangan transatlantik tanpa henti pertama dibuat oleh pesawat British R34 pada tahun 1919. Perkhidmatan penumpang tetap diteruskan pada tahun 1920-an dan penemuan rizab helium di Amerika Syarikat menjanjikan peningkatan keselamatan, tetapi kerajaan Amerika Syarikat enggan menjual gas untuk tujuan ini . Oleh itu, H2 digunakan dalam kapal udara Hindenburg, yang telah musnah dalam api tengah di New Jersey pada 6 Mei 1937. Insiden tersebut disiarkan secara langsung di radio dan difilemkan. Pencucuhan hidrogen bocor secara meluas dianggap sebagai penyebabnya, tetapi kemudian penyiasatan menunjuk kepada penyalaan salutan fabrik aluminized oleh elektrik statik. Tetapi kerosakan terhadap reputasi hidrogen sebagai gas mengangkat telah dilakukan. <> Siapa yang membuat persimpangan transatlantik tanpa henti pertama? || British <> Tahun apakah ini dilakukan? || 1919 <> Tahun apakah airship itu hancur? || 1937 <> Kota apa kapal ketika ia terbakar? || Jersi baru", {"qas": [{"question": "Who made the first non stop transatlantic crossing?", "id": "56e16ce5cd28a01900c67907", "answers": [{"text": "the British", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was this done?", "id": "56e16ce5cd28a01900c67908", "answers": [{"text": "1919", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the airship get destroyed?", "id": "56e16ce5cd28a01900c6790a", "answers": [{"text": "1937", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city was the ship over when it caught fire?", "id": "56e16ce5cd28a01900c6790b", "answers": [{"text": "New Jersey", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first non-stop transatlantic crossing was made by the British airship R34 in 1919. Regular passenger service resumed in the 1920s and the discovery of helium reserves in the United States promised increased safety, but the U.S. government refused to sell the gas for this purpose. Therefore, H2 was used in the Hindenburg airship, which was destroyed in a midair fire over New Jersey on 6 May 1937. The incident was broadcast live on radio and filmed. Ignition of leaking hydrogen is widely assumed to be the cause, but later investigations pointed to the ignition of the aluminized fabric coating by static electricity. But the damage to hydrogen's reputation as a lifting gas was already done."}], ["Belon yang dipenuhi hidrogen pertama dicipta oleh Jacques Charles pada tahun 1783. Hidrogen membekalkan lif untuk bentuk perjalanan udara pertama yang dapat dipercaya berikutan penemuan 1852 penapis air hidrogen pertama oleh Henri Giffard. Kira-kira Jerman Ferdinand von Zeppelin mempromosikan gagasan kapal udara tegar yang ditarik oleh hidrogen yang kemudiannya dipanggil Zeppelin; yang pertama di mana penerbangan sulung pada tahun 1900. Penerbangan yang dijadualkan secara rutin bermula pada tahun 1910 dan oleh pecahnya Perang Dunia I pada bulan Ogos 1914, mereka telah membawa 35,000 penumpang tanpa insiden yang serius. Airships yang ditarik hidrogen digunakan sebagai platform pemerhatian dan pengebom semasa perang. <> Siapa yang mencipta belon yang diisi hidrogen? || Jacques Charles <> Berapa tahun belon hidrogen yang diisi? || 1783 <> apakah hidrogen mengangkat pesawat udara? || Zeppelins <> Dalam tahun apakah zeppelin pertama membuat penerbangan? || 1900", {"qas": [{"question": "Who invented the hydrogen filled balloons?", "id": "56e16c1ae3433e1400422efa", "answers": [{"text": "Jacques Charles", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was hydrogen filled balloons invented?", "id": "56e16c1ae3433e1400422efb", "answers": [{"text": "1783", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what were the hydrogen lifted airships called?", "id": "56e16c1ae3433e1400422efd", "answers": [{"text": "Zeppelins", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the first zeppelin make flight?", "id": "56e16c1ae3433e1400422efe", "answers": [{"text": "1900", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first hydrogen-filled balloon was invented by Jacques Charles in 1783. Hydrogen provided the lift for the first reliable form of air-travel following the 1852 invention of the first hydrogen-lifted airship by Henri Giffard. German count Ferdinand von Zeppelin promoted the idea of rigid airships lifted by hydrogen that later were called Zeppelins; the first of which had its maiden flight in 1900. Regularly scheduled flights started in 1910 and by the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, they had carried 35,000 passengers without a serious incident. Hydrogen-lifted airships were used as observation platforms and bombers during the war."}], ["Pada tahun 1671, Robert Boyle menemui dan menggambarkan tindak balas antara pemfailan besi dan asid cair, yang mengakibatkan pengeluaran gas hidrogen. Pada 1766, Henry Cavendish adalah yang pertama mengenali gas hidrogen sebagai bahan diskret, dengan menamakan gas dari reaksi asid logam \"udara yang mudah terbakar\". Dia menduga bahawa \"udara yang mudah terbakar\" sebenarnya sama dengan bahan hipotesis yang disebut \"phlogiston\" dan mencari lagi pada tahun 1781 bahawa gas menghasilkan air apabila dibakar. Dia biasanya diberi kredit untuk penemuannya sebagai unsur. Pada tahun 1783, Antoine Lavoisier memberikan nama hidrogen tersebut (dari bahasa Yunani \u1f51\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf-hydro yang bermaksud \"air\" dan gen gen-\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 yang bermaksud \"pencipta\") ketika dia dan Laplace menghasilkan semula hasil Cavendish bahawa air dihasilkan ketika hidrogen terbakar. <> Tahun apakah penemuan gas hidrogen? || 1671 <> Siapa yang menemui gas Hidrogen? || Robert Boyle <> Siapa yang mengakui gas hidrogen sebagai bahan bijaksana? || Henry Cavendish <> Dalam tahun berapakah Henry Cavendish mengiktiraf gas hidrogen sebagai bahan bijaksana? || 1766 <> Apakah gas menghasilkan apabila terbakar? || air", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was the discovery of hydrogen gas?", "id": "56e16a26e3433e1400422ed6", "answers": [{"text": "1671", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who discovered Hydrogen gas?", "id": "56e16a26e3433e1400422ed7", "answers": [{"text": "Robert Boyle", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who recognized hydrogen gas as a discreet substance?", "id": "56e16a26e3433e1400422ed8", "answers": [{"text": "Henry Cavendish", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Henry Cavendish recognize hydrogen gas as a discreet substance?", "id": "56e16a26e3433e1400422ed9", "answers": [{"text": "1766", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does gas produce when burned?", "id": "56e16a26e3433e1400422eda", "answers": [{"text": "water", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1671, Robert Boyle discovered and described the reaction between iron filings and dilute acids, which results in the production of hydrogen gas. In 1766, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize hydrogen gas as a discrete substance, by naming the gas from a metal-acid reaction \"flammable air\". He speculated that \"flammable air\" was in fact identical to the hypothetical substance called \"phlogiston\" and further finding in 1781 that the gas produces water when burned. He is usually given credit for its discovery as an element. In 1783, Antoine Lavoisier gave the element the name hydrogen (from the Greek \u1f51\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf- hydro meaning \"water\" and -\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 genes meaning \"creator\") when he and Laplace reproduced Cavendish's finding that water is produced when hydrogen is burned."}], ["H\n2 dihasilkan dalam makmal kimia dan biologi, selalunya sebagai hasil sampingan daripada tindak balas lain; dalam industri untuk penghidrogenan substrat tak tepu; dan bersifat sebagai cara mengusir mengurangkan kesamaan dalam tindak balas biokimia. <> Bagaimana alam menghasilkan H2? || mengusir mengurangkan kesamaan dalam reaksi biokimia <> Bagaimana makmal membuat H2? || hasil daripada tindak balas lain", {"qas": [{"question": "How does nature produce H2?", "id": "56e196cfcd28a01900c679f0", "answers": [{"text": "expelling reducing equivalents in biochemical reactions", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do labs produce H2?", "id": "56e196cfcd28a01900c679f1", "answers": [{"text": "by-product of other reactions", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "H\n2 is produced in chemistry and biology laboratories, often as a by-product of other reactions; in industry for the hydrogenation of unsaturated substrates; and in nature as a means of expelling reducing equivalents in biochemical reactions."}], ["Hidrogen boleh disediakan dalam beberapa cara yang berbeza, tetapi secara ekonomi, proses yang paling penting melibatkan penyingkiran hidrogen daripada hidrokarbon. Hidrogen pukal komersil biasanya dihasilkan oleh pembentukan stim gas asli. Pada suhu tinggi (1000-1400 K, 700-1100 \u00b0 C atau 1300-2000 \u00b0 F), stim (wap air) bertindak balas dengan metana untuk menghasilkan karbon monoksida dan H\n2. <> Cara paling ekonomik untuk mempersiapkan hidrogen melibatkan membuangnya dari apa? || hidrokarbon <> Suhu apa yang diperlukan untuk stim bertindak balas dengan metana? || 1000-1400 K, 700-1100 \u00b0 C atau 1300-2000 \u00b0 F", {"qas": [{"question": "The most economical way to prepare hydrogen involves removing it from what?", "id": "56e1993fcd28a01900c67a1c", "answers": [{"text": "hydrocarbons", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What temperature is needed for steam to react with methane?", "id": "56e1993fcd28a01900c67a1e", "answers": [{"text": "1000\u20131400 K, 700\u20131100 \u00b0C or 1300\u20132000 \u00b0F", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hydrogen can be prepared in several different ways, but economically the most important processes involve removal of hydrogen from hydrocarbons. Commercial bulk hydrogen is usually produced by the steam reforming of natural gas. At high temperatures (1000\u20131400 K, 700\u20131100 \u00b0C or 1300\u20132000 \u00b0F), steam (water vapor) reacts with methane to yield carbon monoxide and H\n2."}], ["Tindak balas ini disukai pada tekanan rendah tetapi tetap dilakukan pada tekanan tinggi (2.0 MPa, 20 atm atau 600 inHg). Ini kerana tekanan tinggi H\n2 adalah produk yang paling berpotensi dan sistem pembersihan tekanan Adsorption Swap (PSA) berfungsi dengan lebih baik pada tekanan yang lebih tinggi. Campuran produk ini dikenali sebagai \"gas sintesis\" kerana ia sering digunakan secara langsung untuk menghasilkan metanol dan sebatian yang berkaitan. Hidrokarbon selain metana boleh digunakan untuk menghasilkan gas sintesis dengan nisbah produk yang berbeza-beza. Salah satu daripada banyak komplikasi teknologi yang sangat dioptimumkan ini ialah pembentukan kok atau karbon: <> Pada tekanan apa PSA berfungsi dengan baik? || Tekanan tinggi <> Apakah gas sintesis yang digunakan? || pengeluaran methanol <> Selain metana, apa lagi yang boleh digunakan untuk menghasilkan gas sintesis? || Hidrokarbon", {"qas": [{"question": "At what pressure does PSA work best in?", "id": "56e19ab0e3433e1400423000", "answers": [{"text": "high pressures", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is synthesis gas used for?", "id": "56e19ab0e3433e1400423001", "answers": [{"text": "production of methanol", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides methane, what else can be used to produce synthesis gas?", "id": "56e19ab0e3433e1400423002", "answers": [{"text": "Hydrocarbons", "answer_start": 412}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "This reaction is favored at low pressures but is nonetheless conducted at high pressures (2.0  MPa, 20 atm or 600 inHg). This is because high-pressure H\n2 is the most marketable product and Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) purification systems work better at higher pressures. The product mixture is known as \"synthesis gas\" because it is often used directly for the production of methanol and related compounds. Hydrocarbons other than methane can be used to produce synthesis gas with varying product ratios. One of the many complications to this highly optimized technology is the formation of coke or carbon:"}], ["Satu aloi aluminium dan galium dalam bentuk pelet yang ditambah kepada air boleh digunakan untuk menghasilkan hidrogen. Proses ini juga menghasilkan alumina, tetapi galaksi mahal, yang menghalang pembentukan kulit oksida pada pelet, boleh digunakan semula. Ini mempunyai implikasi yang berpotensi penting untuk ekonomi hidrogen, kerana hidrogen boleh dihasilkan di lokasi dan tidak perlu diangkut. <> Apabila anda menggabungkan aloi alluminum dan gallium ke air, apa yang anda dapat? || hidrogen <> Apa lagi yang dapat dihasilkan? || alumina <> Apa yang boleh digunakan semula selepas pembentukan? || galium mahal", {"qas": [{"question": "When you combine an alloy of alluminum and gallium to water, what do you get?", "id": "56e19878cd28a01900c67a14", "answers": [{"text": "hydrogen", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What else can it produce?", "id": "56e19878cd28a01900c67a15", "answers": [{"text": "alumina", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can be reused after the formation?", "id": "56e19878cd28a01900c67a16", "answers": [{"text": "the expensive gallium", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "An alloy of aluminium and gallium in pellet form added to water can be used to generate hydrogen. The process also produces alumina, but the expensive gallium, which prevents the formation of an oxide skin on the pellets, can be re-used. This has important potential implications for a hydrogen economy, as hydrogen can be produced on-site and does not need to be transported."}], ["Hidrogen, sebagai atom H, adalah unsur kimia yang paling melimpah di alam semesta, yang membentuk 75% daripada bahan biasa oleh jisim dan lebih dari 90% oleh bilangan atom (kebanyakan jisim alam semesta, bagaimanapun, tidak dalam bentuk bahan jenis elemen kimia, tetapi sebaliknya dianggap sebagai wujud sebagai bentuk massa yang tidak dapat dikesan seperti bahan gelap dan tenaga gelap). Unsur ini ditemui dalam banyak bintang dan planet gergasi gas. Awan molekul H2 dikaitkan dengan pembentukan bintang. Hidrogen memainkan peranan penting dalam menggerakkan bintang melalui reaksi proton-proton dan gabungan nuklear CNO. <> Sebanyak peratus bahan biasa ialah hidrogen? || 75% <> Apakah peratus atom adalah hidrogen? || 90% <> Apa 2 bentuk jisim yang kebanyakan alam semesta terdiri daripada? || perkara gelap dan tenaga gelap <> Awan H2 membentuk apa? || bintang", {"qas": [{"question": "What percent of normal matter is hydrogen?", "id": "56e1934be3433e1400422fd2", "answers": [{"text": "75%", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percent of atoms is hydrogen?", "id": "56e1934be3433e1400422fd3", "answers": [{"text": "90%", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What 2 forms of mass is most of the universe consisted of?", "id": "56e1934be3433e1400422fd4", "answers": [{"text": "dark matter and dark energy", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Clouds of H2 form what?", "id": "56e1934be3433e1400422fd6", "answers": [{"text": "stars", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hydrogen, as atomic H, is the most abundant chemical element in the universe, making up 75% of normal matter by mass and over 90% by number of atoms (most of the mass of the universe, however, is not in the form of chemical-element type matter, but rather is postulated to occur as yet-undetected forms of mass such as dark matter and dark energy). This element is found in great abundance in stars and gas giant planets. Molecular clouds of H2 are associated with star formation. Hydrogen plays a vital role in powering stars through the proton-proton reaction and the CNO cycle nuclear fusion."}], ["Di bawah keadaan biasa di Bumi, hidrogen unsur wujud sebagai gas diatomik, H2. Walau bagaimanapun, gas hidrogen sangat jarang berlaku di atmosfer bumi (1 ppm dengan jumlah) kerana berat ringannya, yang membolehkan ia melepaskan diri dari graviti bumi lebih mudah daripada gas yang lebih berat. Walau bagaimanapun, hidrogen adalah unsur ketiga paling banyak di permukaan Bumi, kebanyakannya dalam bentuk sebatian kimia seperti hidrokarbon dan air. Gas hidrogen dihasilkan oleh beberapa bakteria dan alga dan komponen semulajadi flatus, seperti metana, sendiri sumber hidrogen yang semakin penting. <> Berapa banyak hidrogen di permukaan bumi? || ketiga paling banyak yang menghasilkan gas hidrogen? || bakteria dan alga", {"qas": [{"question": "How abundant is hydrogen on the earths surface?", "id": "56e1954fcd28a01900c679dd", "answers": [{"text": "third most abundant", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what produces hydrogen gas?", "id": "56e1954fcd28a01900c679df", "answers": [{"text": "bacteria and algae", "answer_start": 458}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Under ordinary conditions on Earth, elemental hydrogen exists as the diatomic gas, H2. However, hydrogen gas is very rare in the Earth's atmosphere (1 ppm by volume) because of its light weight, which enables it to escape from Earth's gravity more easily than heavier gases. However, hydrogen is the third most abundant element on the Earth's surface, mostly in the form of chemical compounds such as hydrocarbons and water. Hydrogen gas is produced by some bacteria and algae and is a natural component of flatus, as is methane, itself a hydrogen source of increasing importance."}], ["Elektrolisis air adalah kaedah mudah menghasilkan hidrogen. Arus voltan rendah dijalankan melalui air, dan bentuk oksigen gas di anoda manakala bentuk hidrogen gas di katoda. Biasanya katod dibuat daripada platinum atau logam lengai yang lain apabila menghasilkan hidrogen untuk penyimpanan. Walau bagaimanapun, jika gas dibakar di tempat, oksigen adalah wajar untuk membantu pembakaran, dan kedua-dua elektrod akan dibuat daripada logam lengai. (Besi, misalnya, akan mengoksidakan, dan dengan itu mengurangkan jumlah oksigen yang diberikan.) Kecekapan maksimum teori (elektrik yang digunakan berbanding nilai energik hidrogen yang dihasilkan) berada di lingkungan 80-94%. <> Apakah cara mudah untuk menghasilkan hidrogen? || elektrolisis air <> Di manakah bentuk oksigen gas di? || anoda <> Di manakah bentuk hidrogen gas di? || katod", {"qas": [{"question": "What is an easy way to produce hydrogen?", "id": "56e197a3cd28a01900c67a00", "answers": [{"text": "electrolysis of water", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the gaseous oxygen form at?", "id": "56e197a3cd28a01900c67a02", "answers": [{"text": "anode", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the gaseous hydrogen form at?", "id": "56e197a3cd28a01900c67a03", "answers": [{"text": "cathode", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The electrolysis of water is a simple method of producing hydrogen. A low voltage current is run through the water, and gaseous oxygen forms at the anode while gaseous hydrogen forms at the cathode. Typically the cathode is made from platinum or another inert metal when producing hydrogen for storage. If, however, the gas is to be burnt on site, oxygen is desirable to assist the combustion, and so both electrodes would be made from inert metals. (Iron, for instance, would oxidize, and thus decrease the amount of oxygen given off.) The theoretical maximum efficiency (electricity used vs. energetic value of hydrogen produced) is in the range 80\u201394%."}], ["Bentuk molekul dipanggil hydrogen molekul protonasi (H +\n3) terdapat dalam medium interstellar, di mana ia dihasilkan oleh ionisasi hidrogen molekul dari sinar kosmik. Ion yang dikenakan ini juga telah diperhatikan di atasan atas planet Musytari. Ionnya agak stabil dalam persekitaran ruang angkasa kerana suhu dan kepadatan rendah. H +\n3 adalah salah satu ion yang paling banyak di Universe, dan ia memainkan peranan penting dalam kimia antara interstellar. Hidrogen triatomik hidrogen H3 hanya boleh wujud dalam bentuk yang teruja dan tidak stabil. Sebaliknya, ion molekul hidrogen positif (H +\n2) adalah molekul yang jarang berlaku di alam semesta. <> Apakah bentuk molekul yang terdapat dalam medium interstellar? || hidrogen molekul protonasi <> Apa yang menjana hidrogen molekul protonasi? || pengionan hidrogen molekul dari sinaran kosmik <> Pada planet apa yang anda dapati hidrogen molekul protonasi? || Musytari <> Bagaimana cara hidrogen triatomik Neutral ada? || bentuk teruja", {"qas": [{"question": "What molecular form is found in the interstellar medium?", "id": "56e1963acd28a01900c679e5", "answers": [{"text": "protonated molecular hydrogen", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What generates protonated molecular hydrogen?", "id": "56e1963acd28a01900c679e7", "answers": [{"text": "ionization of molecular hydrogen from cosmic rays", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what planet can you find  protonated molecular hydrogen?", "id": "56e1963acd28a01900c679e8", "answers": [{"text": "Jupiter", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what way can Neutral triatomic hydrogen exist?", "id": "56e1963acd28a01900c679e9", "answers": [{"text": "excited form", "answer_start": 543}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A molecular form called protonated molecular hydrogen (H+\n3) is found in the interstellar medium, where it is generated by ionization of molecular hydrogen from cosmic rays. This charged ion has also been observed in the upper atmosphere of the planet Jupiter. The ion is relatively stable in the environment of outer space due to the low temperature and density. H+\n3 is one of the most abundant ions in the Universe, and it plays a notable role in the chemistry of the interstellar medium. Neutral triatomic hydrogen H3 can only exist in an excited form and is unstable. By contrast, the positive hydrogen molecular ion (H+\n2) is a rare molecule in the universe."}], ["Salah satu kesan kuantum pertama yang secara nyata dapat diperhatikan (tetapi tidak difahami pada masa itu) adalah pemerhatian Maxwell yang melibatkan hidrogen, setengah abad sebelum teori mekanik kuantum penuh tiba. Maxwell mengamati bahawa kapasiti haba spesifik H2 tidak dapat dipertimbangkan meninggalkan dari gas diatomik di bawah suhu bilik dan mula semakin menyerupai gas monatom pada suhu kriogenik. Menurut teori kuantum, tingkah laku ini timbul dari jarak tahap tenaga putaran (quantized) yang sangat luas di H2 kerana jisim yang rendah. Tahap jarak yang meluas ini menghalang pemisahan yang sama dengan tenaga panas ke dalam gerakan putaran dalam hidrogen pada suhu rendah. Gas-gas diatomik yang terdiri daripada atom-atom yang lebih berat tidak mempunyai tahap jarak yang jauh dan tidak mempamerkan kesan yang sama. <> Siapa yang mengamati kapasiti haba spesifik H2? || Maxwell <> Apa yang menyebabkan H2 menyerupai gas monatomik? || jarak dari tahap tenaga putaran (quantized) <> Teori apa yang menyokong ini? || teori kuantum", {"qas": [{"question": "Who observed the specific heat capacity of H2?", "id": "56e17f00e3433e1400422f86", "answers": [{"text": "Maxwell", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What cause H2 to resemble monatomic gas?", "id": "56e17f00e3433e1400422f87", "answers": [{"text": "spacing of the (quantized) rotational energy levels", "answer_start": 473}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What theory supports this?", "id": "56e17f00e3433e1400422f88", "answers": [{"text": "quantum theory", "answer_start": 427}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One of the first quantum effects to be explicitly noticed (but not understood at the time) was a Maxwell observation involving hydrogen, half a century before full quantum mechanical theory arrived. Maxwell observed that the specific heat capacity of H2 unaccountably departs from that of a diatomic gas below room temperature and begins to increasingly resemble that of a monatomic gas at cryogenic temperatures. According to quantum theory, this behavior arises from the spacing of the (quantized) rotational energy levels, which are particularly wide-spaced in H2 because of its low mass. These widely spaced levels inhibit equal partition of heat energy into rotational motion in hydrogen at low temperatures. Diatomic gases composed of heavier atoms do not have such widely spaced levels and do not exhibit the same effect."}], ["Sepanjang alam semesta, hidrogen kebanyakannya terdapat di negara-negara atom dan plasma yang sifatnya agak berbeza daripada hidrogen molekul. Sebagai plasma, elektron hidrogen dan proton tidak terikat bersama, mengakibatkan kekonduksian elektrik yang sangat tinggi dan emisiti yang tinggi (menghasilkan cahaya dari Matahari dan bintang-bintang lain). Zarah yang dikenakan sangat dipengaruhi oleh medan magnet dan elektrik. Sebagai contoh, dalam angin suria mereka berinteraksi dengan magnetosfer bumi yang menimbulkan arus Birkeland dan aurora. Hidrogen didapati dalam keadaan atom neutral dalam medium interstellar. Jumlah besar hidrogen neutral yang terdapat dalam sistem Lyman-alfa yang terendam dianggap menguasai ketumpatan baryonik kosmologi alam semesta hingga redshift z = 4. <> Dalam keadaan apa hidrogen yang kebanyakannya terdapat di alam semesta? || atom dan plasma <> Hidrogens elektron dan proton tidak terikat bersama dalam keadaan apa? || plasma <> dalam medium interstellar, keadaan apakah hidrogen? || keadaan atom neutral <> Hidrogen neutral yang terdapat dalam sistem Lyman-alpha yang mengalir menguasai apa? || kepadatan baryonic kosmologi alam Semesta", {"qas": [{"question": "In what states is hydrogen mostly found in the universe?", "id": "56e1944ae3433e1400422fdc", "answers": [{"text": "atomic and plasma", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Hydrogens electron and proton are not bound together in what state?", "id": "56e1944ae3433e1400422fdd", "answers": [{"text": "plasma", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "in the interstellar medium, what state is hydrogen in?", "id": "56e1944ae3433e1400422fdf", "answers": [{"text": "neutral atomic state", "answer_start": 559}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The neutral hydrogen found in the damped Lyman-alpha systems dominates what?", "id": "56e1944ae3433e1400422fe0", "answers": [{"text": "cosmological baryonic density of the Universe", "answer_start": 712}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Throughout the universe, hydrogen is mostly found in the atomic and plasma states whose properties are quite different from molecular hydrogen. As a plasma, hydrogen's electron and proton are not bound together, resulting in very high electrical conductivity and high emissivity (producing the light from the Sun and other stars). The charged particles are highly influenced by magnetic and electric fields. For example, in the solar wind they interact with the Earth's magnetosphere giving rise to Birkeland currents and the aurora. Hydrogen is found in the neutral atomic state in the interstellar medium. The large amount of neutral hydrogen found in the damped Lyman-alpha systems is thought to dominate the cosmological baryonic density of the Universe up to redshift z=4."}], ["Daripada semua gas yang terbentuk dalam transformer kuasa, hidrogen adalah yang paling biasa dan dihasilkan di bawah keadaan yang paling salah; Oleh itu, pembentukan hidrogen adalah petunjuk awal masalah serius dalam kitaran hayat pengubah. <> Apakah gas yang paling biasa terdapat dalam pengubah kuasa? || hidrogen", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the most common gas found in power tranformers?", "id": "56e19edbe3433e140042303e", "answers": [{"text": "hydrogen", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From all the fault gases formed in power transformers, hydrogen is the most common and is generated under most fault conditions; thus, formation of hydrogen is an early indication of serious problems in the transformer's life cycle."}], ["Oleh itu, pembaharuan wap biasanya menggunakan lebihan H\n2O. Hidrogen tambahan boleh diperolehi dari stim dengan menggunakan karbon monoksida melalui tindak balas gas air, terutamanya dengan pemangkin oksida besi. Tindak balas ini juga merupakan sumber perindustrian karbon dioksida: <> Bagaimana ia dapat pulih melalui stim? || penggunaan karbon monoksida melalui tindak balas gas air", {"qas": [{"question": "How can it be recovered through steam?", "id": "56e19b21e3433e140042300a", "answers": [{"text": "use of carbon monoxide through the water gas shift reaction", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Consequently, steam reforming typically employs an excess of H\n2O. Additional hydrogen can be recovered from the steam by use of carbon monoxide through the water gas shift reaction, especially with an iron oxide catalyst. This reaction is also a common industrial source of carbon dioxide:"}], ["Pada gilirannya, di bawah keadaan anaerobik, hidroksida ferus (Fe (OH)\n2) boleh dioksidakan oleh proton air untuk membentuk magnetit dan hidrogen molekul. Proses ini dijelaskan oleh reaksi Schikorr: <> Di bawah keadaan apa yang boleh ferrous hidroksida dioksidakan? || anaerobik <> Apa bentuk proses ini? || magnetit dan hidrogen molekul <> Apakah reaksi yang menggambarkan proses ini? || Reaksi Schikorr", {"qas": [{"question": "Under what condition can ferrous hydroxide be oxidized?", "id": "56e19d84e3433e140042302e", "answers": [{"text": "anaerobic", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does this process form?", "id": "56e19d84e3433e140042302f", "answers": [{"text": "magnetite and molecular hydrogen", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What reaction describes this process?", "id": "56e19d84e3433e1400423030", "answers": [{"text": "Schikorr reaction", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In its turn, under anaerobic conditions, the ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH)\n2 ) can be oxidized by the protons of water to form magnetite and molecular hydrogen. This process is described by the Schikorr reaction:"}], ["Hidrogen kadang kala dihasilkan dan digunakan dalam proses perindustrian yang sama, tanpa dipisahkan. Dalam proses Haber untuk pengeluaran ammonia, hidrogen dihasilkan daripada gas asli. Elektrolisis air garam untuk menghasilkan klorin juga menghasilkan hidrogen sebagai produk bersama. <> Apabila hidrogen dihasilkan daripada gas asli, apa yang dihasilkannya? || ammonia <> Bagaimana hidrogen dihasilkan sebagai produk bersama? || Elektrolisis air garam menghasilkan klorin", {"qas": [{"question": "When hydrogen is generated from natural gas, what des it produce?", "id": "56e19ba6e3433e1400423011", "answers": [{"text": "ammonia", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is hydrogen produced as a co product?", "id": "56e19ba6e3433e1400423012", "answers": [{"text": "Electrolysis of brine to yield chlorine", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hydrogen is sometimes produced and consumed in the same industrial process, without being separated. In the Haber process for the production of ammonia, hydrogen is generated from natural gas. Electrolysis of brine to yield chlorine also produces hydrogen as a co-product."}], ["Di bawah keadaan anaerobik, aloi besi dan keluli perlahan dioksidakan oleh proton air yang berkurang dikurangkan dalam hidrogen molekul (H\n2). Karat besi anaerobik membawa terlebih dahulu kepada pembentukan ferrous hidroksida (karat hijau) dan dapat dijelaskan oleh reaksi berikut: <> Keadaan apa yang menjadi besi dan aloi keluli perlahan teroksida? || anaerobik <> Apa kaustilan anaerobik besi memimpin? || pembentukan ferrous hidroksida <> Apakah nama lain untuk pembentukan ferrous hidroksida? || karat hijau", {"qas": [{"question": "What condition is iron and steel alloys slowly oxidized?", "id": "56e19cebe3433e1400423028", "answers": [{"text": "anaerobic", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the anaerobic corrosion of iron lead to?", "id": "56e19cebe3433e1400423029", "answers": [{"text": "formation of ferrous hydroxide", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for formation of ferrous hydroxide?", "id": "56e19cebe3433e140042302a", "answers": [{"text": "green rust", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Under anaerobic conditions, iron and steel alloys are slowly oxidized by the protons of water concomitantly reduced in molecular hydrogen (H\n2). The anaerobic corrosion of iron leads first to the formation of ferrous hydroxide (green rust) and can be described by the following reaction:"}], ["Selain penggunaannya sebagai reaktan, H\n2 mempunyai aplikasi yang luas dalam fizik dan kejuruteraan. Ia digunakan sebagai gas perisai dalam kaedah kimpalan seperti kimpalan hidrogen atom. H2 digunakan sebagai penyejuk pemutar di penjana elektrik di stesen janakuasa, kerana ia mempunyai kekonduksian haba yang paling tinggi dari mana-mana gas. Liquid H2 digunakan dalam penyelidikan kriogenik, termasuk kajian superkonduktiviti. Kerana H\n2 adalah lebih ringan daripada udara, yang mempunyai sedikit lebih daripada 1/14 ketumpatan udara, ia pernah digunakan secara meluas sebagai gas angkat dalam belon dan kapal udara. <> Di mana lagi digunakan H2? || dalam fizik dan kejuruteraan <> Bagaimana H2 digunakan dalam penjana elektrik di stesen janakuasa? || sebagai penyejuk rotor <> Mengapa ia digunakan sebagai penyejuk pemutar? || ia mempunyai kekonduksian terma yang paling tinggi dari mana-mana gas <> Apakah penyelidikan menggunakan cecair H2? || cryogenic", {"qas": [{"question": "Where else is H2 applied?", "id": "56e1a28ee3433e140042304c", "answers": [{"text": "in physics and engineering", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is H2 used in electrical generators at power stations?", "id": "56e1a28ee3433e140042304e", "answers": [{"text": "as the rotor coolant", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why is it used as the rotor coolant?", "id": "56e1a28ee3433e140042304f", "answers": [{"text": "it has the highest thermal conductivity of any gas", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What research uses liquid H2?", "id": "56e1a28ee3433e1400423050", "answers": [{"text": "cryogenic", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Apart from its use as a reactant, H\n2 has wide applications in physics and engineering. It is used as a shielding gas in welding methods such as atomic hydrogen welding. H2 is used as the rotor coolant in electrical generators at power stations, because it has the highest thermal conductivity of any gas. Liquid H2 is used in cryogenic research, including superconductivity studies. Because H\n2 is lighter than air, having a little more than 1\u204414 of the density of air, it was once widely used as a lifting gas in balloons and airships."}], ["Jumlah besar H\n2 diperlukan dalam industri petroleum dan kimia. Permohonan terbesar H\n2 adalah untuk pemprosesan (\"meningkatkan\") bahan api fosil, dan dalam pengeluaran ammonia. Pengguna utama H\n2 dalam loji petrokimia termasuk hydrodealkylation, hydrodesulfurization, dan hydrocracking. H\n2 mempunyai beberapa kegunaan penting lain. H\n2 digunakan sebagai agen hidrogenasi, terutamanya dalam meningkatkan tahap ketepuan lemak tak tepu dan minyak (didapati dalam barang-barang seperti marjerin), dan dalam pengeluaran metanol. Begitu juga dengan sumber hidrogen dalam pembuatan asid hidroklorik. H\n2 juga digunakan sebagai agen pengurangan bijih metalik. <> Di manakah jumlah H2 yang besar diperlukan? || industri petroleum dan kimia <> Apakah pengguna H2 dalam loji petrokimia? || hydrodealkylation, hydrodesulfurization, dan hydrocracking", {"qas": [{"question": "Where are large quantities of H2 needed?", "id": "56e19fb6cd28a01900c67a26", "answers": [{"text": "petroleum and chemical industries", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the consumers of H2 in petrochemical plant?", "id": "56e19fb6cd28a01900c67a28", "answers": [{"text": "hydrodealkylation, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrocracking", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Large quantities of H\n2 are needed in the petroleum and chemical industries. The largest application of H\n2 is for the processing (\"upgrading\") of fossil fuels, and in the production of ammonia. The key consumers of H\n2 in the petrochemical plant include hydrodealkylation, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrocracking. H\n2 has several other important uses. H\n2 is used as a hydrogenating agent, particularly in increasing the level of saturation of unsaturated fats and oils (found in items such as margarine), and in the production of methanol. It is similarly the source of hydrogen in the manufacture of hydrochloric acid. H\n2 is also used as a reducing agent of metallic ores."}], ["Dalam ketiadaan oksigen atmosfera (O\n2), dalam keadaan geologi yang mendalam jauh dari atmosfer Bumi, hidrogen (H\n2) dihasilkan semasa proses serpentinization oleh pengoksidaan anaerobik oleh proton air (H +) dari silikat (Fe2 +) hadir dalam kisi kristal fayalite (Fe\n2SiO\n4, olivine iron-endmember). Reaksi yang sepadan dengan pembentukan magnetit (Fe\n3O\n4), kuarza (SiO\n2) dan hidrogen (H\n2) adalah berikut: <> Bagaimana hidrogen dihasilkan apabila tiada oksigen atmosfera? || serpentinization oleh pengoksidaan anaerobik <> Di manakah anda mendapati silikat? || kekisi kristal dari fayalite", {"qas": [{"question": "How is hydrogen produced when there is no atmospheric oxygen?", "id": "56e19e9ccd28a01900c67a22", "answers": [{"text": "serpentinization by the anaerobic oxidation", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do you find silicate?", "id": "56e19e9ccd28a01900c67a23", "answers": [{"text": "crystal lattice of the fayalite", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the absence of atmospheric oxygen (O\n2), in deep geological conditions prevailing far away from Earth atmosphere, hydrogen (H\n2) is produced during the process of serpentinization by the anaerobic oxidation by the water protons (H+) of the ferrous (Fe2+) silicate present in the crystal lattice of the fayalite (Fe\n2SiO\n4, the olivine iron-endmember). The corresponding reaction leading to the formation of magnetite (Fe\n3O\n4), quartz (SiO\n2) and hydrogen (H\n2) is the following:"}], ["Hidrogen sangat larut dalam banyak nadir bumi dan logam peralihan dan larut dalam kedua-dua nanocrystalline dan logam amorf. Kelarutan dalam hidrogen dalam logam dipengaruhi oleh gangguan atau kekotoran setempat dalam kekisi kristal. Sifat-sifat ini boleh berguna apabila hidrogen disucikan dengan laluan melalui cakera palladium panas, tetapi kelarutan tinggi gas adalah masalah metalurgi, menyumbang kepada kerapuhan banyak logam, merumitkan reka bentuk saluran paip dan tangki simpanan. <> Di mana hidrogen sangat larut? || nadir bumi dan logam peralihan <> Di mana anda boleh mencari hidrogen larut? || logam nanocrystalline dan amorfus <> Apa pengaruh kelarutan dalam hidrogen dalam logam? || herotan tempatan atau kekotoran dalam kisi kristal <> Kapan ini berguna? || apabila hidrogen dibersihkan oleh laluan melalui cakera palladium panas <> Bilakah ia merosakkan? || Kelarutan tinggi gas adalah masalah metalurgi, yang menyumbang kepada kerapuhan banyak logam, merumitkan reka bentuk saluran paip dan tangki simpanan", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is hydrogen highly soluble?", "id": "56e1a1e1cd28a01900c67a36", "answers": [{"text": "rare earth and transition metals", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where can you find soluble hydrogen?", "id": "56e1a1e1cd28a01900c67a37", "answers": [{"text": "nanocrystalline and amorphous metals", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What influences hydrogens solubility in metals?", "id": "56e1a1e1cd28a01900c67a38", "answers": [{"text": "local distortions or impurities in the crystal lattice", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When are these useful?", "id": "56e1a1e1cd28a01900c67a39", "answers": [{"text": "when hydrogen is purified by passage through hot palladium disks", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When is it damaging?", "id": "56e1a1e1cd28a01900c67a3a", "answers": [{"text": "gas's high solubility is a metallurgical problem, contributing to the embrittlement of many metals, complicating the design of pipelines and storage tanks", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hydrogen is highly soluble in many rare earth and transition metals and is soluble in both nanocrystalline and amorphous metals. Hydrogen solubility in metals is influenced by local distortions or impurities in the crystal lattice. These properties may be useful when hydrogen is purified by passage through hot palladium disks, but the gas's high solubility is a metallurgical problem, contributing to the embrittlement of many metals, complicating the design of pipelines and storage tanks."}], ["Terdapat lebih daripada 200 kitaran termokimia yang boleh digunakan untuk pemisahan air, sekitar sedozen kitaran ini seperti kitaran oksida besi, kitaran oksida cerium (IV) oksida-cerium (III), kitaran zink oksida zink, sulfur-iodin kitaran, kitaran tembaga-klorin dan kitaran sulfur hibrid berada di bawah penyelidikan dan dalam fasa ujian untuk menghasilkan hidrogen dan oksigen dari air dan haba tanpa menggunakan elektrik. Sejumlah makmal (termasuk di Perancis, Jerman, Greece, Jepun, dan Amerika Syarikat) sedang membangunkan kaedah termokimia untuk menghasilkan hidrogen dari tenaga solar dan air. <> Apakah cyclerles termokimia dalam fasa ujian? || menghasilkan hidrogen dan oksigen dari air dan haba tanpa menggunakan elektrik <> Apakah makmal yang cuba menghasilkan hidrogen dari? || tenaga suria dan air <> Negara apa yang sedang menguji ini? || Perancis, Jerman, Greece, Jepun, dan Amerika Syarikat", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the thermochemical cycyles in a testing phase for?", "id": "56e19c6ee3433e1400423021", "answers": [{"text": "produce hydrogen and oxygen from water and heat without using electricity", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are labs trying to produce hydrogen from?", "id": "56e19c6ee3433e1400423022", "answers": [{"text": "solar energy and water", "answer_start": 543}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What countries are testing this?", "id": "56e19c6ee3433e1400423023", "answers": [{"text": "France, Germany, Greece, Japan, and the USA", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are more than 200 thermochemical cycles which can be used for water splitting, around a dozen of these cycles such as the iron oxide cycle, cerium(IV) oxide\u2013cerium(III) oxide cycle, zinc zinc-oxide cycle, sulfur-iodine cycle, copper-chlorine cycle and hybrid sulfur cycle are under research and in testing phase to produce hydrogen and oxygen from water and heat without using electricity. A number of laboratories (including in France, Germany, Greece, Japan, and the USA) are developing thermochemical methods to produce hydrogen from solar energy and water."}], ["Malah mentafsirkan data hidrogen (termasuk data keselamatan) dikelirukan oleh beberapa fenomena. Banyak sifat fizikal dan kimia hidrogen bergantung kepada nisbah parahidrogen / orthohydrogen (ia sering mengambil masa beberapa hari atau minggu pada suhu tertentu untuk mencapai nisbah keseimbangan, yang mana data biasanya diberikan). Parameter peletupan hidrogen, seperti tekanan dan suhu letupan kritikal, sangat bergantung kepada geometri kontena. <> Apakah sifat fizikal dan kimia hidrogen bergantung? || nisbah parahidrogen / ortohydrogen <> Berapa lama masa yang diperlukan untuk mencapai nisbah keseimbangan? || hari atau minggu <> Apakah parameter peletupan hidrogen bergantung? || geometri kontena", {"qas": [{"question": "What do physical and chemical properties of hydrogen depend on?", "id": "56e1a8b5e3433e140042308e", "answers": [{"text": "the parahydrogen/orthohydrogen ratio", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long can it take to reach the equilibrium ratio?", "id": "56e1a8b5e3433e140042308f", "answers": [{"text": "days or weeks", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do Hydrogen detonation parameters depend on?", "id": "56e1a8b5e3433e1400423090", "answers": [{"text": "container geometry", "answer_start": 429}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Even interpreting the hydrogen data (including safety data) is confounded by a number of phenomena. Many physical and chemical properties of hydrogen depend on the parahydrogen/orthohydrogen ratio (it often takes days or weeks at a given temperature to reach the equilibrium ratio, for which the data is usually given). Hydrogen detonation parameters, such as critical detonation pressure and temperature, strongly depend on the container geometry."}], ["Dalam aplikasi yang lebih baru-baru ini, hidrogen digunakan secara murni atau bercampur dengan nitrogen (kadang-kadang dipanggil membentuk gas) sebagai gas pengesan untuk pengesanan kebocoran minit. Aplikasi boleh didapati dalam industri automotif, kimia, penjanaan kuasa, aeroangkasa, dan telekomunikasi. Hidrogen adalah bahan tambahan makanan yang dibenarkan (E 949) yang membolehkan pengujian kebocoran pakej makanan di antara ciri-ciri anti-pengoksidaan yang lain. <> Kenapa seseorang menggunakan hidrogen bercampur dengan nitrogen? || sebagai gas pengesan untuk pengesanan kebocoran minit <> Industri apa yang boleh anda cari aplikasi ini? || automotif, kimia, penjanaan kuasa, aeroangkasa, dan telekomunikasi <> Bagaimana hidrogen digunakan sebagai makanan tambahan? || membolehkan ujian kebocoran pakej makanan", {"qas": [{"question": "Why would one use hydrogen mixed with nitrogen?", "id": "56e1a30ee3433e1400423056", "answers": [{"text": "as a tracer gas for minute leak detection", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What industries can you find these applications?", "id": "56e1a30ee3433e1400423057", "answers": [{"text": "automotive, chemical, power generation, aerospace, and telecommunications", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is hydrogen used as a food additive?", "id": "56e1a30ee3433e1400423058", "answers": [{"text": "allows food package leak testing", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In more recent applications, hydrogen is used pure or mixed with nitrogen (sometimes called forming gas) as a tracer gas for minute leak detection. Applications can be found in the automotive, chemical, power generation, aerospace, and telecommunications industries. Hydrogen is an authorized food additive (E 949) that allows food package leak testing among other anti-oxidizing properties."}], ["Isotop-isotop yang lebih jarang daripada hidrogen juga mempunyai aplikasi tertentu. Deuterium (hidrogen-2) digunakan dalam aplikasi pembelahan nuklear sebagai moderator untuk memperlahankan neutron, dan dalam tindak balas gabungan nuklear. Sebatian deuterium mempunyai aplikasi dalam kimia dan biologi dalam kajian kesan-kesan isotop reaksi. Tritium (hidrogen-3), yang dihasilkan dalam reaktor nuklear, digunakan dalam pengeluaran bom hidrogen, sebagai label isotop dalam biosains, dan sebagai sumber radiasi dalam cat bercahaya. <> Apakah isotop digunakan dalam pembelahan nuklear? || Deuterium <> Di mana tritium dihasilkan? || reaktor nuklear <> Apakah tritium digunakan? || pengeluaran bom hidrogen, sebagai label isotop dalam biosains, dan sebagai sumber radiasi dalam cat bercahaya", {"qas": [{"question": "What isotope is used in nuclear fission?", "id": "56e1a3b2cd28a01900c67a40", "answers": [{"text": "Deuterium", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is tritium produced?", "id": "56e1a3b2cd28a01900c67a42", "answers": [{"text": "nuclear reactors", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is tritium used for?", "id": "56e1a3b2cd28a01900c67a43", "answers": [{"text": "production of hydrogen bombs, as an isotopic label in the biosciences, and as a radiation source in luminous paints", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hydrogen's rarer isotopes also each have specific applications. Deuterium (hydrogen-2) is used in nuclear fission applications as a moderator to slow neutrons, and in nuclear fusion reactions. Deuterium compounds have applications in chemistry and biology in studies of reaction isotope effects. Tritium (hydrogen-3), produced in nuclear reactors, is used in the production of hydrogen bombs, as an isotopic label in the biosciences, and as a radiation source in luminous paints."}], ["Hidrogen menimbulkan banyak bahaya kepada keselamatan manusia, dari letupan dan kebakaran yang berpotensi apabila bercampur dengan udara menjadi asfakonia dalam bentuk bebas oksigen yang tulen. Di samping itu, hidrogen cecair adalah cryogen dan membahayakan bahaya (seperti frostbite) yang berkaitan dengan cecair yang sangat sejuk. Hidrogen larut dalam banyak logam, dan, sebagai tambahan kepada bocor, mungkin mempunyai kesan buruk ke atasnya, seperti penghancuran hidrogen, yang membawa kepada retakan dan letupan. Gas hidrogen yang bocor ke udara luaran boleh menyala secara spontan. Selain itu, kebakaran hidrogen, semasa menjadi sangat panas, hampir tidak kelihatan, dan dengan itu boleh membawa kepada kebakaran yang tidak disengajakan. <> Apa ancaman yang boleh menyebabkan hidrogen untuk manusia? || peledakan berpotensi dan kebakaran apabila dicampur dengan udara menjadi asfakuranya dalam bentuk yang tulen, tanpa oksigen <> Apa yang boleh menyebabkan hidrogen menghalang? || retak dan letupan", {"qas": [{"question": "What threats can hydrogen cause to human saftey?", "id": "56e1a815e3433e1400423086", "answers": [{"text": "potential detonations and fires when mixed with air to being an asphyxiant in its pure, oxygen-free form", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can hydrogen embrittlement lead to?", "id": "56e1a815e3433e1400423088", "answers": [{"text": "cracks and explosions", "answer_start": 426}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hydrogen poses a number of hazards to human safety, from potential detonations and fires when mixed with air to being an asphyxiant in its pure, oxygen-free form. In addition, liquid hydrogen is a cryogen and presents dangers (such as frostbite) associated with very cold liquids. Hydrogen dissolves in many metals, and, in addition to leaking out, may have adverse effects on them, such as hydrogen embrittlement, leading to cracks and explosions. Hydrogen gas leaking into external air may spontaneously ignite. Moreover, hydrogen fire, while being extremely hot, is almost invisible, and thus can lead to accidental burns."}], ["Hidrogen biasanya digunakan di stesen janakuasa sebagai penyejuk dalam penjana kerana beberapa sifat yang menguntungkan yang merupakan hasil langsung daripada molekul diatom cahayanya. Ini termasuk ketumpatan rendah, kelikatan rendah, dan haba spesifik yang tertinggi dan kekonduksian haba semua gas. <> Bagaimana hidrogen digunakan di stesen janakuasa? || sebagai penyejuk dalam penjana <> Mengapa ia digunakan sebagai penyejuk? || sifat yang menguntungkan yang merupakan hasil langsung dari molekul diatom cahayanya <> Apa sifat-sifat ini? || ketumpatan rendah, kelikatan rendah, dan haba spesifik yang tertinggi dan kekonduksian terma semua gas", {"qas": [{"question": "How is hydrogen used at power stations?", "id": "56e1a41ee3433e1400423070", "answers": [{"text": "as a coolant in generators", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why is it used as a coolant?", "id": "56e1a41ee3433e1400423071", "answers": [{"text": "favorable properties that are a direct result of its light diatomic molecules", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are these properties?", "id": "56e1a41ee3433e1400423072", "answers": [{"text": "low density, low viscosity, and the highest specific heat and thermal conductivity of all gases", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hydrogen is commonly used in power stations as a coolant in generators due to a number of favorable properties that are a direct result of its light diatomic molecules. These include low density, low viscosity, and the highest specific heat and thermal conductivity of all gases."}], ["Hidrogen digunakan untuk menembusi ikatan silikat amorf dan tembaga amorf yang pecah (\"menggantung\") yang membantu menstabilkan sifat bahan. Ia juga merupakan penderma elektron yang berpotensi dalam pelbagai bahan oksida, termasuk ZnO, SnO2, CdO, MgO, ZrO2, HfO2, La2O3, Y2O3, TiO2, SrTiO3, LaAlO3, SiO2, Al2O3, ZrSiO4, HfSiO4, dan SrZrO3. <> Kenapa hidrogen digunakan? || untuk menyerap ikatan silikon amorfus dan \"amaranth\" yang dapat membantu menstabilkan sifat bahan <> Bagaimana hidrogen digunakan dalam bahan oksida? || penyumbang elektron berpotensi <> Apakah bahan oksida menggunakan hidrogen sebagai penderma elektron? || ZnO, SnO2, CdO, MgO, ZrO2, HfO2, La2O3, Y2O3, TiO2, SrTiO3, LaAlO3, SiO2, Al2O3, ZrSiO4, HfSiO4, dan SrZrO3", {"qas": [{"question": "Why is hydrogen employed?", "id": "56e1a620cd28a01900c67a5a", "answers": [{"text": "to saturate broken (\"dangling\") bonds of amorphous silicon and amorphous carbon that helps stabilizing material properties", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is hydrogen used in oxide materials?", "id": "56e1a620cd28a01900c67a5b", "answers": [{"text": "a potential electron donor", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What oxide materials use hydrogen as an electron donor?", "id": "56e1a620cd28a01900c67a5c", "answers": [{"text": "ZnO, SnO2, CdO, MgO, ZrO2, HfO2, La2O3, Y2O3, TiO2, SrTiO3, LaAlO3, SiO2, Al2O3, ZrSiO4, HfSiO4, and SrZrO3", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hydrogen is employed to saturate broken (\"dangling\") bonds of amorphous silicon and amorphous carbon that helps stabilizing material properties. It is also a potential electron donor in various oxide materials, including ZnO, SnO2, CdO, MgO, ZrO2, HfO2, La2O3, Y2O3, TiO2, SrTiO3, LaAlO3, SiO2, Al2O3, ZrSiO4, HfSiO4, and SrZrO3."}], ["Hidrogen bukan sumber tenaga, kecuali dalam konteks hipotetis loji kuasa gabungan nuklear komersial menggunakan deuterium atau tritium, sebuah teknologi yang kini jauh dari pembangunan. Tenaga Matahari berasal dari gabungan hidrogen nuklear, tetapi proses ini sukar dicapai dengan mudah di Bumi. Hidrogen Elemental dari sumber solar, biologi, atau elektrik memerlukan lebih banyak tenaga untuk menjadikannya daripada diperoleh dengan membakarnya, jadi dalam keadaan ini hidrogen berfungsi sebagai pembawa tenaga, seperti bateri. Hidrogen boleh didapati dari sumber fosil (seperti metana), tetapi sumber-sumber ini tidak dapat dikekalkan. <> Adakah Hidrogen dianggap sumber tenaga? || tidak <> Di manakah matahari mendapat tenaganya? || fusi hidrogen nuklear <> Bagaimana fungsi hidrogen apabila terbakar? || pembawa tenaga", {"qas": [{"question": "Is Hydrogen considered an energy resource?", "id": "56e1a498e3433e1400423076", "answers": [{"text": "not", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the sun get its energy from?", "id": "56e1a498e3433e1400423077", "answers": [{"text": "nuclear fusion of hydrogen", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does hydrogen function when it s burned?", "id": "56e1a498e3433e1400423078", "answers": [{"text": "energy carrier", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hydrogen is not an energy resource, except in the hypothetical context of commercial nuclear fusion power plants using deuterium or tritium, a technology presently far from development. The Sun's energy comes from nuclear fusion of hydrogen, but this process is difficult to achieve controllably on Earth. Elemental hydrogen from solar, biological, or electrical sources require more energy to make it than is obtained by burning it, so in these cases hydrogen functions as an energy carrier, like a battery. Hydrogen may be obtained from fossil sources (such as methane), but these sources are unsustainable."}], ["Pemisahan air, di mana air terurai ke dalam proton, elektron, dan oksigen komponennya, berlaku dalam tindak balas cahaya dalam semua organisme fotosintesis. Beberapa organisma sedemikian, termasuk alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii dan cyanobacteria, telah berkembang langkah kedua dalam reaksi gelap di mana proton dan elektron dikurangkan menjadi gas H2 oleh hidrogenase khusus dalam kloroplas. Usaha telah dilakukan untuk memodifikasi hidrogenase cyanobacterial secara genetik untuk menyatukan gas H2 secara efisien walaupun dengan kehadiran oksigen. Usaha juga telah dilakukan dengan alga diubah suai secara genetik dalam bioreaktor. <> Apakah penguraian air ke dalam komponennya? || Pemisahan air <> Di mana pecahan air berlaku? || dalam tindak balas cahaya dalam semua organisma fotosintesis <> Apakah organisme boleh membentuk gas H2? || alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii dan cyanobacteria <> Bagaimana gas ini terbentuk? || oleh hydrogenases khusus dalam kloroplas", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the decomposition of water into its components called?", "id": "56e1a770e3433e140042307e", "answers": [{"text": "Water splitting", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does water splitting occur?", "id": "56e1a770e3433e140042307f", "answers": [{"text": "in the light reactions in all photosynthetic organisms", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organisms can form H2 gas?", "id": "56e1a770e3433e1400423080", "answers": [{"text": "alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and cyanobacteria", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are these gases formed?", "id": "56e1a770e3433e1400423081", "answers": [{"text": "by specialized hydrogenases in the chloroplast", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Water splitting, in which water is decomposed into its component protons, electrons, and oxygen, occurs in the light reactions in all photosynthetic organisms. Some such organisms, including the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and cyanobacteria, have evolved a second step in the dark reactions in which protons and electrons are reduced to form H2 gas by specialized hydrogenases in the chloroplast. Efforts have been undertaken to genetically modify cyanobacterial hydrogenases to efficiently synthesize H2 gas even in the presence of oxygen. Efforts have also been undertaken with genetically modified alga in a bioreactor."}], ["H2 adalah produk daripada beberapa jenis metabolisme anaerobik dan dihasilkan oleh beberapa mikroorganisma, biasanya melalui reaksi yang dikatalisis oleh enzim besi atau nikel yang dipanggil hidrogenase. Enzim-enzim ini memangkinkan tindak balas redoks yang boleh diterbalikkan di antara H2 dan komponennya dua proton dan dua elektron. Penciptaan gas hidrogen berlaku dalam pemindahan mengurangkan kesamaan yang dihasilkan semasa penapaian piruvat kepada air. Kitaran semula jadi pengeluaran hidrogen dan penggunaan oleh organisma dipanggil kitaran hidrogen. <> Apakah enzim yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan H2? || hidrogenases <> Bilakah gas hidrogen berlaku? || dalam pemindahan mengurangkan kesamaan yang dihasilkan semasa penapaian piruvat kepada air <> Apakah kitaran semula jadi pengeluaran dan penggunaan hidrogen oleh organisma dipanggil? || kitaran hidrogen", {"qas": [{"question": "What enzymes are used to produce H2?", "id": "56e1a6d1cd28a01900c67a60", "answers": [{"text": "hydrogenases", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When does hydrogen gas occur?", "id": "56e1a6d1cd28a01900c67a62", "answers": [{"text": "in the transfer of reducing equivalents produced during pyruvate fermentation to water", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the natural cycle of hydrogen production and consumption by organisms called?", "id": "56e1a6d1cd28a01900c67a63", "answers": [{"text": "hydrogen cycle", "answer_start": 505}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "H2 is a product of some types of anaerobic metabolism and is produced by several microorganisms, usually via reactions catalyzed by iron- or nickel-containing enzymes called hydrogenases. These enzymes catalyze the reversible redox reaction between H2 and its component two protons and two electrons. Creation of hydrogen gas occurs in the transfer of reducing equivalents produced during pyruvate fermentation to water. The natural cycle of hydrogen production and consumption by organisms is called the hydrogen cycle."}], ["Ketumpatan tenaga per unit isipadu hidrogen cair dan gas hidrogen termampat pada tekanan praktikal adalah jauh lebih rendah daripada sumber bahan bakar tradisional, walaupun kepadatan tenaga per unit jisim bahan api lebih tinggi. Walau bagaimanapun, hidrogen unsur telah dibincangkan secara meluas dalam konteks tenaga, sebagai kemungkinan pembawa tenaga pada skala ekonomi. Sebagai contoh, CO\n2 pengasingan yang diikuti oleh penangkapan dan penyimpanan karbon boleh dilakukan pada titik H\n2 pengeluaran dari bahan api fosil. Hidrogen yang digunakan dalam pengangkutan akan dibakar dengan agak bersih, dengan beberapa pelepasan NOx, tetapi tanpa pelepasan karbon. Walau bagaimanapun, kos infrastruktur yang dikaitkan dengan penukaran sepenuhnya kepada ekonomi hidrogen akan menjadi besar. Sel bahan api boleh menukar hidrogen dan oksigen secara langsung ke elektrik dengan lebih cekap daripada enjin pembakaran dalaman. <> Apakah bentuk hidrogen telah dibincangkan sebagai bahan api untuk bahan bakar? || elemental", {"qas": [{"question": "What form of hydrogen has been discussed as a ussage for fuel?", "id": "56e1a588cd28a01900c67a53", "answers": [{"text": "elemental", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The energy density per unit volume of both liquid hydrogen and compressed hydrogen gas at any practicable pressure is significantly less than that of traditional fuel sources, although the energy density per unit fuel mass is higher. Nevertheless, elemental hydrogen has been widely discussed in the context of energy, as a possible future carrier of energy on an economy-wide scale. For example, CO\n2 sequestration followed by carbon capture and storage could be conducted at the point of H\n2 production from fossil fuels. Hydrogen used in transportation would burn relatively cleanly, with some NOx emissions, but without carbon emissions. However, the infrastructure costs associated with full conversion to a hydrogen economy would be substantial. Fuel cells can convert hydrogen and oxygen directly to electricity more efficiently than internal combustion engines."}]], [["Profesor Amerika Robert H. Goddard telah bekerja untuk membangun roket padat bahan api sejak 1914, dan menunjukkan roket medan perang ringan ke US Army Signal Corps hanya lima hari sebelum penandatanganan gencatan senjata yang mengakhiri Perang Dunia I. Dia juga mula mengembangkan cairan -beta roket pada tahun 1921; namun dia tidak dianggap serius oleh orang ramai, dan tidak ditaja oleh kerajaan sebagai sebahagian daripada usaha pembangunan roket selepas WW II. Von Braun, sendiri yang diilhamkan oleh karya Goddard, telah diganggu oleh ini ketika ditanya oleh para penasihat Amerika, bertanya kepada mereka, \"Kenapa kamu tidak meminta Dr Goddard?\" [Profesor yang diperlukan] <> Apa profesor mula bekerja padat bahan bakar roket sejak tahun 1914? || Robert H. Goddard <> Roket berbahan bakar cair telah dibangunkan pada tahun berapa? || 1921", {"qas": [{"question": "What professor began working on solid-fuel rockets since 1914?", "id": "56e07bc7231d4119001ac1c3", "answers": [{"text": "Robert H. Goddard", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Liquid-fueled rockets were developed in what year?", "id": "56e07bc7231d4119001ac1c4", "answers": [{"text": "1921", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The American professor Robert H. Goddard had worked on developing solid-fuel rockets since 1914, and demonstrated a light battlefield rocket to the US Army Signal Corps only five days before the signing of the armistice that ended World War I. He also started developing liquid-fueled rockets in 1921; yet he had not been taken seriously by the public, and was not sponsored by the government as part of the post-WW II rocket development effort. Von Braun, himself inspired by Goddard's work, was bemused by this when debriefed by his American handlers, asking them, \"Why didn't you just ask Dr. Goddard?\"[citation needed]"}], ["Pada akhir perang, pasukan perisikan saintifik Amerika, British, dan Soviet bersaing untuk menguasai jurutera roket Jerman bersama roket Jerman sendiri dan reka bentuk di mana mereka berasaskan. Setiap sekutu sekutu menawan bahagian ahli pasukan roket Jerman yang ada, tetapi Amerika Syarikat mendapat manfaat paling banyak dengan Paperclip Operasi, merekrut von Braun dan kebanyakan pasukan kejuruteraannya, yang kemudian membantu membangunkan peluru berpandu Amerika dan program penerokaan ruang angkasa. Amerika Syarikat juga memperoleh sebilangan besar roket V2 yang lengkap. <> Operasi tentera apa yang membolehkan Amerika Syarikat untuk merekrut jurutera Jerman, Von Braun? || Papan Kekunci Operasi <> AS telah menangkap apa jenis peluru berpandu semasa Paperclip Operasi? || Roket V2", {"qas": [{"question": "What military operation allowed the US to recruit the German engineer, Von Braun?", "id": "56e07a467aa994140058e549", "answers": [{"text": "Operation Paperclip", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The US had captured what type of missiles during Operation Paperclip?", "id": "56e07a467aa994140058e54a", "answers": [{"text": "V2 rockets", "answer_start": 551}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At war's end, American, British, and Soviet scientific intelligence teams competed to capture Germany's rocket engineers along with the German rockets themselves and the designs on which they were based. Each of the Allies captured a share of the available members of the German rocket team, but the United States benefited the most with Operation Paperclip, recruiting von Braun and most of his engineering team, who later helped develop the American missile and space exploration programs. The United States also acquired a large number of complete V2 rockets."}], ["Perlumbaan Angkasa boleh mengesan asal-usulnya ke Jerman, bermula pada tahun 1930-an dan berterusan semasa Perang Dunia II apabila Jerman Nazi menyelidik dan membina peluru berpandu balistik. Bermula pada awal tahun 1930-an, semasa peringkat terakhir Republik Weimar, jurutera-jurutera aeroangkasa Jerman mencuba roket yang berasaskan cecair, dengan matlamat bahawa suatu hari nanti mereka mampu mencapai ketinggian yang tinggi dan melintasi jarak jauh. Ketua Cawangan Ballistics dan Munitions Tentera Jerman, Leftenan Kolonel Karl Emil Becker, mengumpulkan sekumpulan jurutera kecil termasuk Walter Dornberger dan Leo Zanssen, untuk mengetahui cara menggunakan roket sebagai artileri jarak jauh untuk mendapatkan Perjanjian larangan Versailles terhadap penyelidikan dan pembangunan meriam jarak jauh. Wernher von Braun, seorang kejujuran kejuruteraan muda, telah direkrut oleh Becker dan Dornberger untuk menyertai program rahsia tentera mereka di Kummersdorf-West pada tahun 1932. Von Braun telah bermimpi tentang menakluk ruang luar dengan roket, dan pada mulanya tidak melihat nilai ketenteraan dalam teknologi peluru berpandu . <> Perang yang mana dalam sejarah membuat Perlumbaan Angkasa mula berakar? || Perang Dunia II <> Pemasangan tentera rahsia bermula di Kummersdorf-West dalam tahun berapa? || 1932", {"qas": [{"question": "Which war in history did the Space Race begin to take root?", "id": "56e0796b231d4119001ac197", "answers": [{"text": "World War II", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A secretive army installation began in Kummersdorf-West in what year?", "id": "56e0796b231d4119001ac199", "answers": [{"text": "1932", "answer_start": 918}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Space Race can trace its origins to Germany, beginning in the 1930s and continuing during World War II when Nazi Germany researched and built operational ballistic missiles. Starting in the early 1930s, during the last stages of the Weimar Republic, German aerospace engineers experimented with liquid-fueled rockets, with the goal that one day they would be capable of reaching high altitudes and traversing long distances. The head of the German Army's Ballistics and Munitions Branch, Lieutenant Colonel Karl Emil Becker, gathered a small team of engineers that included Walter Dornberger and Leo Zanssen, to figure out how to use rockets as long-range artillery in order to get around the Treaty of Versailles' ban on research and development of long-range cannons. Wernher von Braun, a young engineering prodigy, was recruited by Becker and Dornberger to join their secret army program at Kummersdorf-West in 1932. Von Braun had dreams about conquering outer space with rockets, and did not initially see the military value in missile technology."}], ["Von Braun dan pasukannya dihantar ke White Sands Proving Ground Tentera Amerika Syarikat, yang terletak di New Mexico, pada tahun 1945. Mereka mula menyusun V2 yang ditangkap dan memulakan program melancarkannya dan mengarahkan jurutera Amerika dalam operasi mereka. Ujian ini membawa kepada roket pertama untuk mengambil gambar dari luar angkasa, dan roket dua peringkat pertama, gabungan WAC Corporal-V2, pada tahun 1949. Pasukan roket Jerman telah berpindah dari Fort Bliss ke Redstone Arsenal yang baru, yang terletak di Huntsville, Alabama, pada tahun 1950. Dari sini, von Braun dan pasukannya akan membangunkan roket balistik jarak jauh operasi pertama Angkatan Darat, roket Redstone, yang, dalam versi yang sedikit diubahsuai, melancarkan satelit pertama Amerika dan Mercury pertama misi ruang. Ia menjadi asas bagi keluarga roket Jupiter dan Saturnus. <> White Sands Proving Ground Tentera Amerika Syarikat terletak di mana? || New Mexico <> Von Braun dan rakan-rakannya dihantar ke White Sands Proving Ground Tentara Amerika Syarikat dalam tahun berapa? || 1945 <> Roket dua peringkat pertama telah dibangunkan pada tahun berapa? || 1949 <> Redstone Arsenal baru Angkatan Darat terletak di bandar dan negara mana? || Huntsville, Alabama <> Berapa tahun pasukan roket Jerman berpindah ke Alabama? || 1950", {"qas": [{"question": "The  United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground is located where?", "id": "56e084b77aa994140058e595", "answers": [{"text": "New Mexico", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Von Braun and his associates were sent to  United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground in what year?", "id": "56e084b77aa994140058e596", "answers": [{"text": "1945", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first two-stage rocket was developed in what year?", "id": "56e084b77aa994140058e597", "answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 394}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Army's new Redstone Arsenal is located in what city and state?", "id": "56e084b77aa994140058e598", "answers": [{"text": "Huntsville, Alabama", "answer_start": 496}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the German rocket team moved to Alabama?", "id": "56e084b77aa994140058e599", "answers": [{"text": "1950", "answer_start": 520}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Von Braun and his team were sent to the United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground, located in New Mexico, in 1945. They set about assembling the captured V2s and began a program of launching them and instructing American engineers in their operation. These tests led to the first rocket to take photos from outer space, and the first two-stage rocket, the WAC Corporal-V2 combination, in 1949. The German rocket team was moved from Fort Bliss to the Army's new Redstone Arsenal, located in Huntsville, Alabama, in 1950. From here, von Braun and his team would develop the Army's first operational medium-range ballistic missile, the Redstone rocket, that would, in slightly modified versions, launch both America's first satellite, and the first piloted Mercury space missions. It became the basis for both the Jupiter and Saturn family of rockets."}], ["Bagi pihaknya, Kesatuan Soviet menganggap ketakutan serangan. Setelah mengalami sekurang-kurangnya 27 juta korban semasa Perang Dunia II selepas diserang oleh Nazi Jerman pada tahun 1941, Soviet Union berhati-hati terhadap bekas sekutunya, Amerika Syarikat, yang hingga akhir 1949 menjadi pemilik tunggal senjata atom. Amerika Syarikat telah menggunakan senjata ini secara beroperasi semasa Perang Dunia II, dan ia dapat menggunakannya sekali lagi menentang Kesatuan Soviet, meletakkan limbah kota dan pusat-pusat tentera. Memandangkan Amerika mempunyai kuasa udara yang jauh lebih besar daripada Kesatuan Soviet, dan Amerika Syarikat mengekalkan pangkalan udara pendahuluan berhampiran wilayah Soviet, pada tahun 1947 Stalin memerintahkan pembangunan peluru berpandu balistik antar benua (ICBMs) untuk menentang ancaman Amerika yang dianggap. <> Berapa banyak korban dalam Kesatuan Soviet semasa Perang Dunia Kedua? || 27 juta <> Kesatuan Soviet mula-mula diserang oleh Nazi yang menguasai Jerman pada tahun berapa? || 1941 <> Hingga tahun apa, adakah AS merupakan pemilik tunggal bom atom? || 1949 <> Pada tahun apakah Stalin memerintahkan pembangunan ICBMs? || 1947 <> Apa jenis angkatan tentera Amerika Syarikat memiliki armada yang lebih besar daripada Uni Soviet? || tentera Udara", {"qas": [{"question": "How many casualties did the Soviet Union have during WWII?", "id": "56e08680231d4119001ac26b", "answers": [{"text": "27 million", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Soviet Union was first invaded by Nazi controlled Germany in what year?", "id": "56e08680231d4119001ac26c", "answers": [{"text": "1941", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Until what year, was the US the sole possessor of the atomic bomb?", "id": "56e08680231d4119001ac26d", "answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Stalin order the development of ICBMs?", "id": "56e08680231d4119001ac26e", "answers": [{"text": "1947", "answer_start": 624}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of military force did the US possess a much larger fleet than the Soviet Union?", "id": "56e08680231d4119001ac26f", "answers": [{"text": "air force", "answer_start": 514}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "For its part, the Soviet Union harbored fears of invasion. Having suffered at least 27 million casualties during World War II after being invaded by Nazi Germany in 1941, the Soviet Union was wary of its former ally, the United States, which until late 1949 was the sole possessor of atomic weapons. The United States had used these weapons operationally during World War II, and it could use them again against the Soviet Union, laying waste its cities and military centers. Since the Americans had a much larger air force than the Soviet Union, and the United States maintained advance air bases near Soviet territory, in 1947 Stalin ordered the development of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) in order to counter the perceived American threat."}], ["Selepas hampir setahun di kawasan sekitar Peenem\u00fcnde, pegawai Soviet memindahkan sebahagian besar pakar roket Jerman yang ditangkap ke Pulau Gorodomlya di Lake Seliger, kira-kira 240 kilometer (150 mi) barat laut Moscow. Mereka tidak dibenarkan menyertai reka bentuk peluru berpandu Soviet, tetapi digunakan sebagai perunding pemecah masalah kepada jurutera Soviet. Mereka membantu dalam bidang berikut: penciptaan versi Soviet dari A-4; bekerja pada \"skim organisasi\"; penyelidikan dalam meningkatkan enjin utama A-4; pembangunan enjin 100 tan; bantuan dalam \"susun atur\" bilik pengeluaran tumbuhan; dan penyediaan raket roket menggunakan komponen Jerman. Dengan bantuan mereka, terutamanya kumpulan Helmut Groettrup, Korolev terbalikkan kejuruteraan A-4 dan membina roketnya sendiri, R-1, pada tahun 1948. Kemudian, beliau mengembangkan reka bentuknya yang tersendiri, walaupun banyak reka bentuk ini dipengaruhi oleh reka bentuk G4-R10 Kumpulan Groettrup dari 1949. Orang Jerman akhirnya dipulangkan pada tahun 1951-53. <> Tahun apa roket R1 dilahirkan? || 1948", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was the R1 rocket born?", "id": "56e07b847aa994140058e559", "answers": [{"text": "1948", "answer_start": 792}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After almost a year in the area around Peenem\u00fcnde, Soviet officials moved most of the captured German rocket specialists to Gorodomlya Island on Lake Seliger, about 240 kilometers (150 mi) northwest of Moscow. They were not allowed to participate in Soviet missile design, but were used as problem-solving consultants to the Soviet engineers. They helped in the following areas: the creation of a Soviet version of the A-4; work on \"organizational schemes\"; research in improving the A-4 main engine; development of a 100-ton engine; assistance in the \"layout\" of plant production rooms; and preparation of rocket assembly using German components. With their help, particularly Helmut Groettrup's group, Korolev reverse-engineered the A-4 and built his own version of the rocket, the R-1, in 1948. Later, he developed his own distinct designs, though many of these designs were influenced by the Groettrup Group's G4-R10 design from 1949. The Germans were eventually repatriated in 1951\u201353."}], ["Pusat roket Jerman di Peenem\u00fcnde terletak di bahagian timur Jerman, yang menjadi zon pendudukan Soviet. Mengenai perintah Stalin, Kesatuan Soviet menghantar jurutera roket yang terbaik ke rantau ini untuk melihat apa yang mereka dapat menyelamatkan sistem senjata masa depan. Jurutera roket Soviet diketuai oleh Sergei Korolev. Beliau telah terlibat dalam kelab-kelab ruang angkasa dan reka bentuk roket awal Soviet pada tahun 1930-an, tetapi ditangkap pada tahun 1938 semasa Pembersihan Besar Joseph Stalin dan dipenjarakan selama enam tahun di Siberia. Selepas perang, beliau menjadi jurutera roket dan kapal angkasa lepas USSR, pada dasarnya rakan sejawat Soviet kepada von Braun. Identiti beliau disimpan rahsia negeri sepanjang Perang Dingin, dan dia dikenali secara umum hanya sebagai \"Ketua Pereka.\" Di Barat, namanya hanya dinyatakan secara rasmi ketika dia meninggal dunia pada tahun 1966. <> Pusat roket Jerman terletak di kota apa? || Peenem\u00fcnde <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab terhadap pasukan jurutera roket Soviet yang pergi ke Jerman? || Sergei Korolev <> Tahun apakah Sergei Korolev ditangkap? || 1938 <> Sergei Korolev meninggal dalam tahun berapa? || 1966 Selepas perang, Sergei Korolev dikenali di bawah tajuk apa? || Jurutera roket dan kapal angkasa lepas USSR", {"qas": [{"question": "The German rocket center was located in what city?", "id": "56e07b187aa994140058e54d", "answers": [{"text": "Peenem\u00fcnde", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was in charge of the Soviet rocket engineer team that went into Germany?", "id": "56e07b187aa994140058e54e", "answers": [{"text": "Sergei Korolev", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Sergei Korolev arrested?", "id": "56e07b187aa994140058e54f", "answers": [{"text": "1938", "answer_start": 426}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Sergei Korolev died in what year?", "id": "56e07b187aa994140058e550", "answers": [{"text": "1966", "answer_start": 820}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After the war, Sergei Korolev was known under what title?", "id": "56e07b187aa994140058e551", "answers": [{"text": "USSR's chief rocket and spacecraft engineer", "answer_start": 536}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The German rocket center in Peenem\u00fcnde was located in the eastern part of Germany, which became the Soviet zone of occupation. On Stalin's orders, the Soviet Union sent its best rocket engineers to this region to see what they could salvage for future weapons systems. The Soviet rocket engineers were led by Sergei Korolev. He had been involved in space clubs and early Soviet rocket design in the 1930s, but was arrested in 1938 during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge and imprisoned for six years in Siberia. After the war, he became the USSR's chief rocket and spacecraft engineer, essentially the Soviet counterpart to von Braun. His identity was kept a state secret throughout the Cold War, and he was identified publicly only as \"the Chief Designer.\" In the West, his name was only officially revealed when he died in 1966."}], ["Ringkasnya, Perang Dingin boleh dilihat sebagai ungkapan perjuangan ideologi antara komunisme dan kapitalisme. Amerika Syarikat menghadapi ketidakpastian baru bermula pada September 1949, ketika ia kehilangan monopoli pada bom atom. Agensi-agensi perisikan Amerika mendapati bahawa Kesatuan Soviet telah meletupkan bom atomnya yang pertama, sehingga Amerika Serikat berpotensi dapat menghadapi perang nuklir masa depan yang, untuk pertama kalinya, mungkin menghancurkan kota-kotanya. Memandangkan bahaya baru ini, Amerika Syarikat mengambil bahagian dalam perlumbaan senjata dengan Kesatuan Soviet yang termasuk pembangunan bom hidrogen, serta pelombong strategik antara benua dan peluru berpandu balistik antar benua (ICBM) yang mampu menyampaikan senjata nuklear. Ketakutan baru terhadap komunisme dan para simpatisannya menyapu Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 1950-an, yang akhirnya menjadi McCarthyisme paranoid. Dengan komunisme yang tersebar di China, Korea, dan Eropah Timur, rakyat Amerika berasa sangat terancam bahawa budaya popular dan politik menganggap \"pemburu sihir\" meluas untuk mendedahkan pengintip komunis. Sebahagian reaksi Amerika terhadap ujian bom atom dan atom Soviet termasuk mempertahankan Angkatan Udara yang besar, di bawah kendali Komando Udara Strategis (SAC). SAC menggunakan pengebom strategik antar benua, serta pengebom sederhana yang berpusat dekat ruang udara Soviet (di Eropah barat dan Turki) yang mampu menyampaikan muatan nuklear. <> Tahun berapa AS kehilangan monopoli terhadap bom atom? || 1949 <> Jenis bom pertama kali dibangunkan semasa Perang Dingin? || bom hidrogen <> ICBMs adalah singkatan untuk apa? || pelombong strategik antar benua dan peluru berpandu balistik antara benua <> SAC adalah singkatan untuk apa daya AS? || Perintah Udara Strategik <> Selama apa dekad, adakah ketakutan terhadap komunisme mengawasi AS? || 1950-an", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did the US lose its monopoly to the atomic bomb?", "id": "56e08587231d4119001ac24f", "answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of bomb was first developed during the Cold War?", "id": "56e08587231d4119001ac250", "answers": [{"text": "the hydrogen bomb", "answer_start": 605}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "ICBMs is an abbreviation for what?", "id": "56e08587231d4119001ac251", "answers": [{"text": "intercontinental strategic bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles", "answer_start": 635}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The SAC is an abbreviation for what US force?", "id": "56e08587231d4119001ac252", "answers": [{"text": "Strategic Air Command", "answer_start": 1220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what decade, did a fear of communism oversweep the US?", "id": "56e08587231d4119001ac253", "answers": [{"text": "1950s", "answer_start": 837}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In simple terms, the Cold War could be viewed as an expression of the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism. The United States faced a new uncertainty beginning in September 1949, when it lost its monopoly on the atomic bomb. American intelligence agencies discovered that the Soviet Union had exploded its first atomic bomb, with the consequence that the United States potentially could face a future nuclear war that, for the first time, might devastate its cities. Given this new danger, the United States participated in an arms race with the Soviet Union that included development of the hydrogen bomb, as well as intercontinental strategic bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) capable of delivering nuclear weapons. A new fear of communism and its sympathizers swept the United States during the 1950s, which devolved into paranoid McCarthyism. With communism spreading in China, Korea, and Eastern Europe, Americans came to feel so threatened that popular and political culture condoned extensive \"witch-hunts\" to expose communist spies. Part of the American reaction to the Soviet atomic and hydrogen bomb tests included maintaining a large Air Force, under the control of the Strategic Air Command (SAC). SAC employed intercontinental strategic bombers, as well as medium-bombers based close to Soviet airspace (in western Europe and in Turkey) that were capable of delivering nuclear payloads."}], ["Semasa Perang Dunia Kedua, Ketua Dornberger adalah ketua tentera program roket tentera, Zanssen menjadi komandan pusat roket pejuang peenem\u00fcnde, dan von Braun adalah pengarah teknikal program peluru berpandu balistik. Mereka akan memimpin pasukan yang membina roket Agregat-4 (A-4), yang menjadi kenderaan pertama untuk mencapai ruang luar angkasa semasa program penerbangan uji pada tahun 1942 dan 1943. Menjelang tahun 1943, Jerman memulakan pengeluaran besar-besaran A-4 Vergeltungswaffe 2 (\"Vengeance Weapon\" 2, atau lebih biasa, V2), sebuah peluru berpandu balistik dengan jarak 320 kilometer (200 mi) yang membawa 1,130 kilogram (2,490 lb) pada kepala atap 4,000 kilometer sejam (2,500 mph). Kelajuan supersoniknya bermakna tiada pertahanan terhadapnya, dan pengesanan radar memberi sedikit amaran. Jerman menggunakan senjata itu untuk membombardir selatan England dan bahagian-bahagian Eropah Barat yang dibebaskan dari Sekutu dari 1944 hingga 1945. Selepas perang, V-2 menjadi asas kepada reka bentuk roket Amerika dan Soviet awal. <> Semasa Perang Dunia II, yang bertanggungjawab terhadap program roket tentera Jerman? || General Dornberger <> Apa objek pertama yang masuk ke dalam ruang? || Agregat-4 (A-4) roket <> Bilakah roket Agregat-4 (A-4) mencapai ruang? || 1942 dan 1943", {"qas": [{"question": "During WWII, who was in charge of the German army's rocket program?", "id": "56e079e87aa994140058e541", "answers": [{"text": "General Dornberger", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first object to enter space?", "id": "56e079e87aa994140058e542", "answers": [{"text": "Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket reach space?", "id": "56e079e87aa994140058e543", "answers": [{"text": "1942 and 1943", "answer_start": 395}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the Second World War, General Dornberger was the military head of the army's rocket program, Zanssen became the commandant of the Peenem\u00fcnde army rocket centre, and von Braun was the technical director of the ballistic missile program. They would lead the team that built the Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket, which became the first vehicle to reach outer space during its test flight program in 1942 and 1943. By 1943, Germany began mass-producing the A-4 as the Vergeltungswaffe 2 (\"Vengeance Weapon\" 2, or more commonly, V2), a ballistic missile with a 320 kilometers (200 mi) range carrying a 1,130 kilograms (2,490 lb) warhead at 4,000 kilometers per hour (2,500 mph). Its supersonic speed meant there was no defense against it, and radar detection provided little warning. Germany used the weapon to bombard southern England and parts of Allied-liberated western Europe from 1944 until 1945. After the war, the V-2 became the basis of early American and Soviet rocket designs."}], ["Perlumbaan Angkasa adalah pertandingan abad ke-20 antara dua saingan Perang Dingin, Kesatuan Soviet (USSR) dan Amerika Syarikat (AS), untuk keupayaan dalam kemampuan spaceflight. Ia mempunyai asal-usul dalam perlumbaan senjata nuklear berasaskan peluru berpandu antara kedua-dua negara yang berlaku selepas Perang Dunia II, yang membolehkan teknologi dan kakitangan roket Jerman ditangkap. Keunggulan teknologi yang diperlukan untuk keunggulan sedemikian dilihat sebagai perlu bagi keselamatan negara, dan simbol keunggulan ideologi. Perlumbaan Angkasa menimbulkan usaha perintis untuk melancarkan satelit buatan, kuar angkasa tanpa kuasa pada Bulan, Venus, dan Marikh, dan angkasa lepas angkasa manusia di orbit Bumi rendah dan Bulan. Pertandingan ini bermula pada 2 Ogos 1955, apabila Kesatuan Soviet memberi respons kepada pengumuman Amerika Syarikat empat hari sebelum itu untuk melancarkan satelit buatan untuk Tahun Geofizik Antarabangsa, dengan menyatakan mereka juga akan melancarkan satelit \"dalam masa terdekat\". Kesatuan Soviet mengalahkan AS untuk ini, dengan 4 Oktober 1957 mengorbit Sputnik 1, dan kemudian mengalahkan AS ke manusia pertama di angkasa, Yuri Gagarin, pada 12 April 1961. Space Race memuncak pada 20 Julai, 1969 AS pendaratan manusia pertama di Bulan dengan Apollo 11. USSR cuba tetapi gagal misi lunar berawak, dan akhirnya dibatalkan mereka dan tertumpu pada stesen angkasa bumi orbit. Tempoh d\u00e9tente diikuti dengan perjanjian April 1972 mengenai projek ujian Apollo-Soyuz, yang dijalankan pada bulan Julai 1975 di orbit bumi kru angkasawan AS dengan kru angkasawan Soviet. <> Pada tarikh apakah Perlumbaan Angkasa bermula? || 2 Ogos 1955 <> Sputnik 1 mula mengorbit pada tarikh apa? || 4 Oktober 1957 <> Siapa yang pertama di angkasa? || Yuri Gagarin <> Apa tarikh manusia pertama mencapai ruang? || 12 April 1961", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date did the Space Race begin?", "id": "56e073cb7aa994140058e4ea", "answers": [{"text": "August 2, 1955", "answer_start": 702}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Sputnik 1 started orbiting on what date?", "id": "56e073cb7aa994140058e4eb", "answers": [{"text": "October 4, 1957", "answer_start": 990}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first person in space?", "id": "56e073cb7aa994140058e4ec", "answers": [{"text": "Yuri Gagarin", "answer_start": 1080}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the date that the first human reached space?", "id": "56e073cb7aa994140058e4ed", "answers": [{"text": "April 12, 1961", "answer_start": 1097}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, enabled by captured German rocket technology and personnel. The technological superiority required for such supremacy was seen as necessary for national security, and symbolic of ideological superiority. The Space Race spawned pioneering efforts to launch artificial satellites, unmanned space probes of the Moon, Venus, and Mars, and human spaceflight in low Earth orbit and to the Moon. The competition began on August 2, 1955, when the Soviet Union responded to the US announcement four days earlier of intent to launch artificial satellites for the International Geophysical Year, by declaring they would also launch a satellite \"in the near future\". The Soviet Union beat the US to this, with the October 4, 1957 orbiting of Sputnik 1, and later beat the US to the first human in space, Yuri Gagarin, on April 12, 1961. The Space Race peaked with the July 20, 1969 US landing of the first humans on the Moon with Apollo 11. The USSR tried but failed manned lunar missions, and eventually cancelled them and concentrated on Earth orbital space stations. A period of d\u00e9tente followed with the April 1972 agreement on a co-operative Apollo\u2013Soyuz Test Project, resulting in the July 1975 rendezvous in Earth orbit of a US astronaut crew with a Soviet cosmonaut crew."}], ["Pada 21 Oktober 1959, Eisenhower meluluskan pemindahan aktiviti yang berkaitan dengan Angkatan tentera kepada NASA. Pada 1 Julai 1960, Redstone Arsenal menjadi Pusat Penerbangan Angkasa George C. Marshall NASA, dengan von Braun sebagai pengarah pertama. Perkembangan keluarga roket Saturnus, yang apabila matang, akhirnya akan memberikan pariti Amerika Syarikat dengan Soviet dari segi kemampuan mengangkat, dengan itu dipindahkan ke NASA. <> The Redstone Arsenal menjadi George C. Marshall Space Flight Centre ketika? || 1 Julai 1960 <> Siapa pengarah pertama yang mengendalikan George C. Marshall Space Flight Center? || von Braun", {"qas": [{"question": "The Redstone Arsenal became the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center when?", "id": "56e0e9887aa994140058e7ab", "answers": [{"text": "July 1, 1960", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first director in charge of the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center?", "id": "56e0e9887aa994140058e7ac", "answers": [{"text": "von Braun", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On October 21, 1959, Eisenhower approved the transfer of the Army's remaining space-related activities to NASA. On July 1, 1960, the Redstone Arsenal became NASA's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, with von Braun as its first director. Development of the Saturn rocket family, which when mature, would finally give the US parity with the Soviets in terms of lifting capability, was thus transferred to NASA."}], ["Pada tahun 1958, Korolev menaikkan R-7 untuk dapat melancarkan muatan 400 kilogram (880 lb) ke Bulan. Tiga percubaan rahsia 1958 untuk melancarkan probe pengesan Luna E-1-kelas gagal. Percubaan keempat, Luna 1, dilancarkan dengan jayanya pada 2 Januari 1959, tetapi melepaskan Bulan. Percubaan kelima pada 18 Jun juga gagal dilancarkan. Luna 2 390 kilogram (860 lb) berjaya memberi kesan pada Bulan pada 14 September 1959. Luna 3 278.5 kilogram (614 lb) berjaya terbang oleh Bulan dan menghantar gambar jauhnya pada 6 Oktober 1959. < > Berapa banyak percubaan ke Bulan yang membuat probe Luna E-1-kelas gagal sebelum berjaya dilancarkan? || 4 <> Siasatan pertama yang mendarat di Bulan berada pada tahun berapa? || 1959 <> Yang mana siasatan Luna berjaya memotret bahagian belakang Bulan? || Luna 3", {"qas": [{"question": "How many attempts to the Moon did Luna E-1-class probes fail before successfully launching?", "id": "56e0ea497aa994140058e7af", "answers": [{"text": "4", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first probe to land on the Moon was in what year?", "id": "56e0ea497aa994140058e7b0", "answers": [{"text": "1959", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Luna probe successfully photographed the back side of the Moon?", "id": "56e0ea497aa994140058e7b2", "answers": [{"text": "Luna 3", "answer_start": 434}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1958, Korolev upgraded the R-7 to be able to launch a 400-kilogram (880 lb) payload to the Moon. Three secret 1958 attempts to launch Luna E-1-class impactor probes failed. The fourth attempt, Luna 1, launched successfully on January 2, 1959, but missed the Moon. The fifth attempt on June 18 also failed at launch. The 390-kilogram (860 lb) Luna 2 successfully impacted the Moon on September 14, 1959. The 278.5-kilogram (614 lb) Luna 3 successfully flew by the Moon and sent back pictures of its far side on October 6, 1959."}], ["Pada 2 April 1958, Presiden Eisenhower bertindak balas kepada ruang angkasa Soviet dalam melancarkan satelit pertama, dengan mengesyorkan kepada Kongres Amerika Syarikat bahawa sebuah agensi awam ditubuhkan untuk mengarahkan aktiviti angkasa bukan militer. Kongres, yang diketuai oleh Pemimpin Majoriti Senat Lyndon B. Johnson, bertindak balas dengan meluluskan Akta Aeronautik dan Angkasa Negara, yang mana Eisenhower menandatangani undang-undang pada 29 Julai 1958. Undang-undang ini menjadikan Jawatankuasa Penasihat Kebangsaan mengenai Aeronautik memasuki Pentadbiran Aeronautik dan Angkasa Negara NASA). Ia juga mewujudkan Jawatankuasa Perhubungan Awam-Tentera, dipengerusikan oleh Presiden, yang bertanggungjawab menyelaraskan program angkasa awam dan tentera negara. <> Siapa Pemimpin Majoriti Senat pada tahun 1958? || Lyndon B. Johnson Akta Akta Aeronautik dan Angkasa telah ditubuhkan pada tahun berapa? || 1958 <> Apa yang dipanggil NASA sebelum ia menjadi NASA? || Jawatankuasa Penasihat Kebangsaan mengenai Aeronautika <> Satelit pertama AS dilancarkan pada tarikh apa? || 2 April 1958", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the Senate's Majority Leader in 1958?", "id": "56e0e93d7aa994140058e7a1", "answers": [{"text": "Lyndon B. Johnson", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The National Aeronautics and Space Act was established in what year?", "id": "56e0e93d7aa994140058e7a2", "answers": [{"text": "1958", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was NASA called before it became NASA?", "id": "56e0e93d7aa994140058e7a3", "answers": [{"text": "National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics", "answer_start": 410}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first US satellite was launched on what date?", "id": "56e0e93d7aa994140058e7a4", "answers": [{"text": "April 2, 1958", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On April 2, 1958, President Eisenhower reacted to the Soviet space lead in launching the first satellite, by recommending to the US Congress that a civilian agency be established to direct nonmilitary space activities. Congress, led by Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, responded by passing the National Aeronautics and Space Act, which Eisenhower signed into law on July 29, 1958. This law turned the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics into the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It also created a Civilian-Military Liaison Committee, chaired by the President, responsible for coordinating the nation's civilian and military space programs."}], ["AS bertindak balas terhadap program Luna dengan memulakan program Ranger pada tahun 1959, yang dikendalikan oleh Makmal Jet Propulsion NASA. Blok I Ranger 1 dan Ranger 2 mengalami kegagalan pelancaran Atlas-Agena pada bulan Ogos dan November 1961. Blok II Ranger 3 727 pon (330 kg) dilancarkan dengan jayanya pada 26 Januari 1962, tetapi terlepas Bulan. Ranger 4 730-pound (330 kg) menjadi kapal angkasa AS yang pertama untuk mencapai Bulan, namun panel solar dan sistem navigasinya gagal mendekati Bulan dan ia memberi kesan kepada pihak yang jauh tanpa mengembalikan data saintifik. Ranger 5 berlari keluar dari kuasa dan melepaskan Bulan sebanyak 725 kilometer (391 nmi) pada 21 Oktober 1962. Misi Ranger yang pertama berjaya ialah Blok III Ranger 7 806-pound (366 kg) yang dipengaruhi pada 31 Julai 1964. < > Program Ranger dari tahun 1959 diuruskan oleh organisasi apa? || Makmal Propulsion Jet NASA <> Pesawat kapal angkasa yang pertama untuk membuatnya ke Bulan adalah apa? || Ranger 4 <> Misi Ranger pertama yang tidak gagal ialah yang mana? || Blok III Ranger 7 <> Misi Blok III Ranger 7 berjaya mencapai bulan pada tarikh apa? || 31 Julai 1964 <> Apa program yang membawa kepada penubuhan program Ranger? || Luna", {"qas": [{"question": "The Ranger program from 1959 was managed by what organization?", "id": "56e0eaeb7aa994140058e7b9", "answers": [{"text": "NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first spacecraft to make it to the Moon was what?", "id": "56e0eaeb7aa994140058e7ba", "answers": [{"text": "Ranger 4", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first Ranger mission that didn't fail was which one?", "id": "56e0eaeb7aa994140058e7bb", "answers": [{"text": "Block III Ranger 7", "answer_start": 703}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Block III Ranger 7 mission successfully reached the moon on what date?", "id": "56e0eaeb7aa994140058e7bc", "answers": [{"text": "July 31, 1964", "answer_start": 740}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What program led to the establishment of the Ranger program?", "id": "56e0eaeb7aa994140058e7bd", "answers": [{"text": "Luna", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The US reacted to the Luna program by embarking on the Ranger program in 1959, managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Block I Ranger 1 and Ranger 2 suffered Atlas-Agena launch failures in August and November 1961. The 727-pound (330 kg) Block II Ranger 3 launched successfully on January 26, 1962, but missed the Moon. The 730-pound (330 kg) Ranger 4 became the first US spacecraft to reach the Moon, but its solar panels and navigational system failed near the Moon and it impacted the far side without returning any scientific data. Ranger 5 ran out of power and missed the Moon by 725 kilometers (391 nmi) on October 21, 1962. The first successful Ranger mission was the 806-pound (366 kg) Block III Ranger 7 which impacted on July 31, 1964."}], ["Pada tahun 1953, Korolev telah diberi peluang untuk membangunkan roket R-7 Semyorka, yang mewakili kemajuan utama dari reka bentuk Jerman. Walaupun sesetengah komponennya (terutamanya penggalak) masih menyerupai Jerman G-4, roket baru itu merangkumi reka bentuk berperingkat, sistem kawalan yang sepenuhnya baru, dan bahan bakar baru. Ia telah berjaya diuji pada 21 Ogos 1957 dan menjadi ICBM beroperasi sepenuhnya pada bulan berikutnya. Ia kemudian akan digunakan untuk melancarkan satelit pertama ke ruang angkasa, dan derivatif akan melancarkan semua kapal angkasa Soviet yang ditembak. <> Siapa yang mula membangun roket Semyorka R-7? || Roket Korolev <> R-7 Semyorka menyerupai roket yang lain? || Jerman G-4 <> Bilakah roket R-7 Semyorka berjaya diuji? || 21 Ogos 1957 <> Satelit pertama dilancarkan ke angkasa menggunakan roket apa? || R-7 roket Semyorka", {"qas": [{"question": "Who began developing the  R-7 Semyorka rocket?", "id": "56e087477aa994140058e5b8", "answers": [{"text": "Korolev", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": " R-7 Semyorka rocket resembled closely to what other missile?", "id": "56e087477aa994140058e5b9", "answers": [{"text": "German G-4", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the R-7 Semyorka rocket tested successfully?", "id": "56e087477aa994140058e5ba", "answers": [{"text": "August 21, 1957", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first satellite launched into space used what rocket?", "id": "56e087477aa994140058e5bb", "answers": [{"text": "R-7 Semyorka rocket", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1953, Korolev was given the go-ahead to develop the R-7 Semyorka rocket, which represented a major advance from the German design. Although some of its components (notably boosters) still resembled the German G-4, the new rocket incorporated staged design, a completely new control system, and a new fuel. It was successfully tested on August 21, 1957 and became the world's first fully operational ICBM the following month. It would later be used to launch the first satellite into space, and derivatives would launch all piloted Soviet spacecraft."}], ["Amerika Syarikat mempunyai beberapa program roket yang dibahagikan di antara cabang yang berlainan dari perkhidmatan bersenjata Amerika, yang bermaksud bahawa setiap pasukan mengembangkan program ICBM mereka sendiri. Tentera Udara memulakan penyelidikan ICBM pada tahun 1945 dengan MX-774. Walau bagaimanapun, pembiayaannya dibatalkan dan hanya tiga pelancaran sebahagian besar berjaya dijalankan pada tahun 1947. Pada tahun 1950, von Braun mula menguji keluarga roket PGM-11 Redstone di Cape Canaveral. Pada tahun 1951, Tentera Udara memulakan program ICBM yang baru dipanggil MX-1593, dan pada tahun 1955 program ini menerima pembiayaan utama. Program MX-1593 bertukar menjadi Atlas-A, dengan pelancaran sulungnya yang berlaku pada 11 Jun 1957, menjadi ICBM Amerika pertama yang berjaya. Versi yang dinaik tarafnya, roket Atlas-D, kemudiannya berfungsi sebagai ICBM nuklear operasi dan sebagai kenderaan peluncuran orbit untuk Projek Mercury dan Kendaraan Sasaran Agena yang terpencil yang digunakan dalam Projek Gemini. <> Tentera Udara AS memulakan penyelidikan ICBM dalam tahun berapa? || 1945 <> Roket jenis apa yang pertama kali diteliti oleh Tentera Udara? || MX-774 <> MX-774 telah diuji dalam tahun berapa? || 1947 <> Tentera Udara PGM-11 keluarga roket Redstone diuji di mana? || Cape Canaveral <> The Atlas-A pertama dilancarkan pada tarikh apa? || 11 Jun 1957", {"qas": [{"question": "The US Air Force began research of ICBMs in what year?", "id": "56e087e6231d4119001ac275", "answers": [{"text": "1945", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of rocket was first researched by the Air Force?", "id": "56e087e6231d4119001ac276", "answers": [{"text": "MX-774", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The MX-774 was tested in what year?", "id": "56e087e6231d4119001ac277", "answers": [{"text": "1947", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Air Force PGM-11 Redstone rocket family was tested where?", "id": "56e087e6231d4119001ac278", "answers": [{"text": "Cape Canaveral", "answer_start": 423}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Atlas-A first launched on what date?", "id": "56e087e6231d4119001ac279", "answers": [{"text": "June 11, 1957", "answer_start": 648}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The United States had multiple rocket programs divided among the different branches of the American armed services, which meant that each force developed its own ICBM program. The Air Force initiated ICBM research in 1945 with the MX-774. However, its funding was cancelled and only three partially successful launches were conducted in 1947. In 1950, von Braun began testing the Air Force PGM-11 Redstone rocket family at Cape Canaveral. In 1951, the Air Force began a new ICBM program called MX-1593, and by 1955 this program was receiving top-priority funding. The MX-1593 program evolved to become the Atlas-A, with its maiden launch occurring June 11, 1957, becoming the first successful American ICBM. Its upgraded version, the Atlas-D rocket, would later serve as an operational nuclear ICBM and as the orbital launch vehicle for Project Mercury and the remote-controlled Agena Target Vehicle used in Project Gemini."}], ["Pada mulanya, Presiden Eisenhower bimbang bahawa sebuah satelit yang melepasi negara di lebih dari 100 kilometer (62 batu) mungkin boleh dianggap sebagai melanggar ruang udara berdaulat negara. Dia khawatir bahawa Kesatuan Soviet akan menuduh orang Amerika melakukan penipuan yang menyalahi undang-undang, dengan itu menjaringkan kemenangan propaganda atas perbelanjaannya. Eisenhower dan penasihatnya percaya bahawa kedaulatan ruang udara negara tidak meluas ke luar angkasa, diiktiraf sebagai garis K\u00e1rm\u00e1n, dan dia menggunakan pelancaran Tahun Geofizik Antarabangsa 1957-58 untuk menubuhkan prinsip ini dalam undang-undang antarabangsa. Eisenhower juga takut bahawa dia boleh menyebabkan insiden antarabangsa dan dipanggil \"pemanis\" jika dia menggunakan peluru berpandu ketenteraan sebagai peluncur. Oleh itu, beliau memilih roket Vanguard Makmal Penyelidikan Tentera Laut yang belum pernah dicuba, yang merupakan penggalak penyelidikan sahaja. Ini bermakna bahawa pasukan von Braun tidak dibenarkan meletakkan satelit ke orbit dengan roket Jupiter-C mereka, kerana ia digunakan sebagai kenderaan tentera masa depan. Pada 20 September 1956, von Braun dan pasukannya melancarkan Jupiter-C yang mampu meletakkan satelit ke orbit, tetapi pelancaran itu hanya digunakan sebagai ujian suborbital teknologi penyalaan kerucut hidung. <> Jupiter-C dilancarkan oleh Von Braum pada tarikh apa? || 20 September 1956", {"qas": [{"question": "A Jupiter-C was launched by Von Braum on what date?", "id": "56e0893c7aa994140058e5d5", "answers": [{"text": "September 20, 1956", "answer_start": 1012}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Initially, President Eisenhower was worried that a satellite passing above a nation at over 100 kilometers (62 mi), might be construed as violating that nation's sovereign airspace. He was concerned that the Soviet Union would accuse the Americans of an illegal overflight, thereby scoring a propaganda victory at his expense. Eisenhower and his advisors believed that a nation's airspace sovereignty did not extend into outer space, acknowledged as the K\u00e1rm\u00e1n line, and he used the 1957\u201358 International Geophysical Year launches to establish this principle in international law. Eisenhower also feared that he might cause an international incident and be called a \"warmonger\" if he were to use military missiles as launchers. Therefore, he selected the untried Naval Research Laboratory's Vanguard rocket, which was a research-only booster. This meant that von Braun's team was not allowed to put a satellite into orbit with their Jupiter-C rocket, because of its intended use as a future military vehicle. On September 20, 1956, von Braun and his team did launch a Jupiter-C that was capable of putting a satellite into orbit, but the launch was used only as a suborbital test of nose cone reentry technology."}], ["Pada 31 Januari 1958, hampir empat bulan selepas pelancaran Sputnik 1, von Braun dan Amerika Syarikat berjaya melancarkan satelit pertamanya di roket empat peringkat Juno I yang berasal dari peluru berpandu Redstone Angkatan Darat AS, di Cape Canaveral. Explorer satelit 1 adalah 30.8 paun (14.0 kg) secara massal. Ia membawa tolok mikrometeorit dan tiub Geiger-M\u00fcller. Ia melalu masuk dan keluar dari bumi yang merangkumi tali pinggang radiasi dengan orbit 194-by-1,368-nautical mile (360 by 2,534 km), oleh itu menembusi kapasiti tiub dan membuktikan apa yang Dr. James Van Allen, seorang saintis angkasa di University of Iowa, mempunyai teori. Sabuk itu, yang dinamakan tali pinggang radiasi Van Allen, adalah zon berbentuk donat intensiti sinaran tinggi di sekitar Bumi di atas khatulistiwa magnetik. Van Allen juga merupakan orang yang merancang dan membina instrumen satelit Explorer 1. Satelit sebenarnya mengukur tiga fenomena: sinar kosmik dan tahap radiasi, suhu dalam kapal angkasa, dan kekerapan perlanggaran dengan mikrometeorit. Satelit tidak mempunyai ingatan untuk menyimpan data, oleh itu ia mesti dihantar secara berterusan. Dua bulan kemudian pada bulan Mac 1958, satelit kedua dihantar ke orbit dengan instrumen sinar kosmik ditambah. <> Satelit AS pertama yang dilancarkan tanpa kegagalan adalah pada tarikh apa? || 31 Januari 1958 <> The Explorer mengumpulkan apa 3 ukuran? || sinaran kosmik dan tahap radiasi, suhu dalam kapal angkasa, dan kekerapan perlanggaran dengan mikrometeorit", {"qas": [{"question": "The first US satellite to launch without failure was on what date?", "id": "56e0e8b47aa994140058e79b", "answers": [{"text": "January 31, 1958", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Explorer gathered what 3 measurements?", "id": "56e0e8b47aa994140058e79d", "answers": [{"text": "cosmic ray and radiation levels, the temperature in the spacecraft, and the frequency of collisions with micrometeorites", "answer_start": 916}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On January 31, 1958, nearly four months after the launch of Sputnik 1, von Braun and the United States successfully launched its first satellite on a four-stage Juno I rocket derived from the US Army's Redstone missile, at Cape Canaveral. The satellite Explorer 1 was 30.8 pounds (14.0 kg) in mass. It carried a micrometeorite gauge and a Geiger-M\u00fcller tube. It passed in and out of the Earth-encompassing radiation belt with its 194-by-1,368-nautical-mile (360 by 2,534 km) orbit, therefore saturating the tube's capacity and proving what Dr. James Van Allen, a space scientist at the University of Iowa, had theorized. The belt, named the Van Allen radiation belt, is a doughnut-shaped zone of high-level radiation intensity around the Earth above the magnetic equator. Van Allen was also the man who designed and built the satellite instrumentation of Explorer 1. The satellite actually measured three phenomena: cosmic ray and radiation levels, the temperature in the spacecraft, and the frequency of collisions with micrometeorites. The satellite had no memory for data storage, therefore it had to transmit continuously. Two months later in March 1958, a second satellite was sent into orbit with augmented cosmic ray instruments."}], ["Pada tahun 1955, dengan kedua-dua Amerika Syarikat dan Soviet Union membina peluru berpandu balistik yang boleh digunakan untuk melancarkan objek ke ruang angkasa, \"garis permulaan\" ditarik untuk Perlumbaan Angkasa. Dalam pengumuman terpisah, hanya empat hari, kedua-dua negara secara terbuka mengumumkan bahawa mereka akan melancarkan satelit buatan Bumi pada tahun 1957 atau 1958. Pada 29 Julai 1955, James C. Hagerty, presiden setiausaha akhbar Dwight D. Eisenhower, mengumumkan bahawa Amerika Syarikat untuk melancarkan \"satelit bumi mengelilingi kecil\" antara 1 Julai 1957 dan 31 Disember 1958, sebagai sebahagian daripada sumbangan mereka kepada Tahun Geofizik Antarabangsa (IGY). Empat hari kemudian, pada Kongres Persekutuan Astronautikal Keenam di Copenhagen, saintis Leonid I. Sedov bercakap kepada wartawan antarabangsa di kedutaan Soviet, dan mengumumkan niat negaranya untuk melancarkan satelit juga dalam \"masa terdekat\". Pada 30 Ogos 1955, Korolev berjaya mendapatkan Akademi Sains Soviet untuk mencipta sebuah suruhanjaya yang bertujuan untuk mengalahkan Amerika ke orbit Bumi: ini adalah tarikh mula de facto untuk Perlumbaan Angkasa. Majlis Menteri-menteri Kesatuan Soviet memulakan dasar memperlakukan pembangunan ruang angkasa sebagai rahasia negara rahasia. <> Siapa presiden akhbar Dwight D. Eisenhower? || James C. Hagerty <> Tarikh permulaan untuk Perlumbaan Angkasa adalah tarikh yang mana? || 30 Ogos 1955", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was president Dwight D. Eisenhower's press secretary?", "id": "56e088c6231d4119001ac280", "answers": [{"text": "James C. Hagerty", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The starting date for the Space Race was which date?", "id": "56e088c6231d4119001ac281", "answers": [{"text": "August 30, 1955", "answer_start": 902}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1955, with both the United States and the Soviet Union building ballistic missiles that could be utilized to launch objects into space, the \"starting line\" was drawn for the Space Race. In separate announcements, just four days apart, both nations publicly announced that they would launch artificial Earth satellites by 1957 or 1958. On July 29, 1955, James C. Hagerty, president Dwight D. Eisenhower's press secretary, announced that the United States intended to launch \"small Earth circling satellites\" between July 1, 1957, and December 31, 1958, as part of their contribution to the International Geophysical Year (IGY). Four days later, at the Sixth Congress of International Astronautical Federation in Copenhagen, scientist Leonid I. Sedov spoke to international reporters at the Soviet embassy, and announced his country's intention to launch a satellite as well, in the \"near future\". On August 30, 1955, Korolev managed to get the Soviet Academy of Sciences to create a commission whose purpose was to beat the Americans into Earth orbit: this was the de facto start date for the Space Race. The Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union began a policy of treating development of its space program as a classified state secret."}], ["Kejayaan Soviet menyebabkan kontroversi awam di Amerika Syarikat, dan Eisenhower mengarahkan projek roket dan satelit awam, Vanguard, untuk meningkatkan jadual waktu dan melancarkan satelitnya lebih awal daripada yang dirancang awal. Kegagalan pelancaran Projek Vanguard 6 Disember 1957 berlaku di Stesen Tentera Udara Cape Canaveral di Florida, disiarkan secara langsung di hadapan penonton televisyen AS. Ia merupakan kegagalan besar, meletup beberapa saat selepas pelancaran, dan ia menjadi jenaka antarabangsa. Satelit ini muncul dalam surat khabar di bawah nama Flopnik, Stayputnik, Kaputnik, dan Dudnik. Di Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu, perwakilan Rusia menawarkan bantuan perwakilan A.S. \"di bawah program bantuan teknikal Soviet untuk negara-negara maju.\" Hanya selepas kegagalan orang ramai ini, pasukan Redstone von Braun dapat melancarkan roket Jupiter-C mereka secepat mungkin. Di Britain, sekutu Perang Dingin Barat di Amerika Syarikat, tindak balas itu bercampur-campur: beberapa ahli penduduk meraikan fakta bahawa Soviet telah mencapai ruang pertama, sementara yang lain takut potensi yang merosakkan yang mungkin membawa penggunaan kapal angkasa. <> Projek roket dan satelit awam di AS dipanggil apa? || Vanguard <> Pelancaran Projek Vanguard gagal pada tarikh apa? || 6 Disember 195 <> Stesen Tentera Udara Cape Canaveral terletak di negeri apakah? || Florida <> sebagai tindak balas kepada pelancaran gagal Projek Vanguard, apakah roket Soviet Union dilancarkan? || Roket Jupiter-C", {"qas": [{"question": "The civilian rocket and satellite project in the US was called what?", "id": "56e0bc7b231d4119001ac363", "answers": [{"text": "Vanguard", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Project Vanguard launch failed on what date?", "id": "56e0bc7b231d4119001ac364", "answers": [{"text": "December 6, 195", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Cape Canaveral Air Force Station is located in what state?", "id": "56e0bc7b231d4119001ac365", "answers": [{"text": "Florida", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "in response to Project Vanguard's failed launch, what was the rocket the Soviet Union launched?", "id": "56e0bc7b231d4119001ac366", "answers": [{"text": "Jupiter-C rocket", "answer_start": 854}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Soviet success caused public controversy in the United States, and Eisenhower ordered the civilian rocket and satellite project, Vanguard, to move up its timetable and launch its satellite much sooner than originally planned. The December 6, 1957 Project Vanguard launch failure occurred at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, broadcast live in front of a US television audience. It was a monumental failure, exploding a few seconds after launch, and it became an international joke. The satellite appeared in newspapers under the names Flopnik, Stayputnik, Kaputnik, and Dudnik. In the United Nations, the Russian delegate offered the U.S. representative aid \"under the Soviet program of technical assistance to backwards nations.\" Only in the wake of this very public failure did von Braun's Redstone team get the go-ahead to launch their Jupiter-C rocket as soon as they could. In Britain, the USA's Western Cold War ally, the reaction was mixed: some members of the population celebrated the fact that the Soviets had reached space first, while others feared the destructive potential that military uses of spacecraft might bring."}], ["Kennedy akhirnya memutuskan untuk meneruskan apa yang menjadi program Apollo, dan pada 25 Mei mengambil kesempatan untuk meminta sokongan Kongres dalam ucapan Perang Dingin bertajuk \"Mesej Khas tentang Keperluan Kebangsaan yang Segera\". Teks penuh <> Pertuturan oleh Kennedy, \"Mesej Khas tentang Keperluan Kebangsaan yang Segera\" telah dihantar pada tarikh apa? || 25 Mei", {"qas": [{"question": "The speech by Kennedy, \"Special Message on Urgent National Needs\" was delivered on what date?", "id": "56e0f2ae231d4119001ac4be", "answers": [{"text": "May 25", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Kennedy ultimately decided to pursue what became the Apollo program, and on May 25 took the opportunity to ask for Congressional support in a Cold War speech titled \"Special Message on Urgent National Needs\". Full text "}], ["Beliau membenarkan program itu dari segi kepentingannya kepada keselamatan negara, dan tumpuan tenaga negara ke atas bidang sains dan sosial yang lain. Beliau telah mengumpulkan sokongan popular untuk program itu dalam ucapan \"Kami memilih untuk pergi ke Bulan\", pada 12 September 1962, sebelum orang ramai di Stadion Rice University, di Houston, Texas, berhampiran tapak pembinaan Pusat Angkasa Kapal Angkasa Manned kemudahan. Teks penuh <> \"Kami memilih untuk pergi ke Bulan\" ucapan diberikan di lokasi apa di Texas? || Stadium Universiti Rice", {"qas": [{"question": "\"We choose to go to the Moon\" speech was given at what location in Texas?", "id": "56e0f3a5231d4119001ac4d2", "answers": [{"text": "Rice University Stadium", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "He justified the program in terms of its importance to national security, and its focus of the nation's energies on other scientific and social fields. He rallied popular support for the program in his \"We choose to go to the Moon\" speech, on September 12, 1962, before a large crowd at Rice University Stadium, in Houston, Texas, near the construction site of the new Manned Spacecraft Center facility. Full text "}], ["Amerika Syarikat melancarkan tiga lagi penerbangan Merkuri selepas Glenn's: Aurora 7 pada 24 Mei 1962 menggulung tiga orbit Glenn; Sigma 7 pada 3 Oktober 1962, enam orbit; dan Iman 7 pada 15 Mei 1963, 22 orbit (32.4 jam), keupayaan maksimum kapal angkasa. NASA pada mulanya bertujuan untuk melancarkan satu lagi misi, memanjangkan ketahanan kapal angkasa hingga tiga hari, tetapi kerana ini tidak akan mengalahkan rekod Soviet, ia diputuskan sebaliknya untuk menumpukan pada pembangunan Project Gemini. <> Berapa banyak lagi misi Merkuri yang ada selepas John Glenn? || 3", {"qas": [{"question": "How many more Mercury missions were there after John Glenn's?", "id": "56e0f5587aa994140058e81b", "answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The United States launched three more Mercury flights after Glenn's: Aurora 7 on May 24, 1962 duplicated Glenn's three orbits; Sigma 7 on October 3, 1962, six orbits; and Faith 7 on May 15, 1963, 22 orbits (32.4 hours), the maximum capability of the spacecraft. NASA at first intended to launch one more mission, extending the spacecraft's endurance to three days, but since this would not beat the Soviet record, it was decided instead to concentrate on developing Project Gemini."}], ["Gagarin menjadi wira negara Kesatuan Soviet dan Blok Timur, dan selebriti dunia. Moscow dan bandar-bandar lain di USSR mengadakan demonstrasi besar-besaran, skala yang kedua hanya untuk Parade Kemenangan Perang Dunia II tahun 1945. 12 April diisytiharkan Hari Kosmonotika di USSR, dan dirayakan hari ini di Rusia sebagai salah satu \" Tarikh Peringatan Rusia. \" Pada tahun 2011, ia diisytiharkan Hari Antarabangsa Penerbangan Angkasa Manusia oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. <> April 12, di USSR, apakah hari istimewa? || Hari Kosmonik <> Tahun apakah telah ditetapkan sebagai Hari Antarabangsa Penerbangan Angkasa Manusia oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu? || 2011", {"qas": [{"question": "April 12, in the USSR, is what special day?", "id": "56e0ebdb231d4119001ac44a", "answers": [{"text": "Cosmonautics Day", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was established as the International Day of Human Space Flight by the United Nations?", "id": "56e0ebdb231d4119001ac44b", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Gagarin became a national hero of the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, and a worldwide celebrity. Moscow and other cities in the USSR held mass demonstrations, the scale of which was second only to the World War II Victory Parade of 1945. April 12 was declared Cosmonautics Day in the USSR, and is celebrated today in Russia as one of the official \"Commemorative Dates of Russia.\" In 2011, it was declared the International Day of Human Space Flight by the United Nations."}], ["Penerbangan Gagarin berubah ini; kini Kennedy merasakan penghinaan dan ketakutan pada orang awam Amerika atas kepimpinan Soviet. Beliau memo memo bertarikh 20 April 1961, kepada Naib Presiden Lyndon B. Johnson, memintanya untuk melihat keadaan ruang angkasa Amerika, dan masuk ke program yang boleh menawarkan kesempatan untuk mengejar NASA. Kedua-dua pilihan utama pada masa itu seolah-olah, sama ada penubuhan sebuah stesen angkasa orbit Bumi, atau pendaratan di Bulan. Johnson pada gilirannya berunding dengan von Braun, yang menjawab soalan Kennedy berdasarkan anggarannya untuk mengangkat roket AS dan Soviet. Berdasarkan hal ini, Johnson menanggapi Kennedy, menyimpulkan bahwa lebih banyak diperlukan untuk mencapai posisi kepemimpinan, dan mengusulkan agar pendaratan Bulan berkebun cukup jauh di masa depan bahwa AS memiliki peluang berjuang untuk mencapainya terlebih dahulu. <> Presiden Kennedy mengirim surat pada 20 April 1961 kepada siapa tentang program ruang angkasa AS? || Naib Presiden Lyndon B. Johnson", {"qas": [{"question": "President Kennedy sent a letter on April 20, 1961 to who about the US's space program?", "id": "56e0f281231d4119001ac4bc", "answers": [{"text": "Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Gagarin's flight changed this; now Kennedy sensed the humiliation and fear on the part of the American public over the Soviet lead. He sent a memo dated April 20, 1961, to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, asking him to look into the state of America's space program, and into programs that could offer NASA the opportunity to catch up. The two major options at the time seemed to be, either establishment of an Earth orbital space station, or a manned landing on the Moon. Johnson in turn consulted with von Braun, who answered Kennedy's questions based on his estimates of US and Soviet rocket lifting capability. Based on this, Johnson responded to Kennedy, concluding that much more was needed to reach a position of leadership, and recommending that the manned Moon landing was far enough in the future that the US had a fighting chance to achieve it first."}], ["Tiga minggu kemudian, pada 5 Mei 1961, Alan Shepard menjadi orang Amerika yang pertama di ruang angkasa, yang dilancarkan dalam lintasan balistik di Mercury-Redstone 3, dalam sebuah kapal angkasa yang bernama Freedom 7. Walaupun ia tidak mencapai orbit seperti Gagarin, ia adalah orang pertama menjalankan kawalan manual terhadap sikap kapal angkasa dan perletakan retro-roket. Setelah kembali berjaya, Shepard disambut sebagai pahlawan nasional, dihormati dengan perarakan di Washington, New York dan Los Angeles, dan menerima Pingat Perkhidmatan Distinguished NASA dari Presiden John F. Kennedy. <> Amerika pertama yang mengembara ke angkasa adalah siapa? || Alan Shepard <> Ketika Alan Shepard tiba di ruang angkasa? || 5 Mei 1961 <> Angkasawan yang membawa Alan Shepard dinamakan apa? || Kebebasan 7 <> Orang pertama yang mempunyai kawalan untuk memandu kapal angkasa mereka adalah siapa? || Alan Shepard <> Yang presiden memberi Alan Shepard Pingat Perkhidmatan Distinguished NASA? || John F. Kennedy", {"qas": [{"question": "The first American to travel into space was whom?", "id": "56e0f229231d4119001ac4b2", "answers": [{"text": "Alan Shepard", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Alan Shepard first arrive in space?", "id": "56e0f229231d4119001ac4b3", "answers": [{"text": "May 5, 1961", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The spaceship that carried Alan Shepard was named what?", "id": "56e0f229231d4119001ac4b4", "answers": [{"text": "Freedom 7", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first person to have control over driving their spacecraft was whom?", "id": "56e0f229231d4119001ac4b5", "answers": [{"text": "Alan Shepard", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which president awarded Alan Shepard the NASA Distinguished Service Medal?", "id": "56e0f229231d4119001ac4b6", "answers": [{"text": "John F. Kennedy", "answer_start": 530}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Three weeks later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, launched in a ballistic trajectory on Mercury-Redstone 3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. Though he did not achieve orbit like Gagarin, he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft's attitude and retro-rocket firing. After his successful return, Shepard was celebrated as a national hero, honored with parades in Washington, New York and Los Angeles, and received the NASA Distinguished Service Medal from President John F. Kennedy."}], ["Gherman Titov menjadi angkasawan pertama Soviet untuk menjalankan kawalan manual pada karyanya Vostok 2 pada 6 Ogos 1961. Kesatuan Soviet menunjukkan pemulihan pad pelancaran 24 jam dan keupayaan untuk melancarkan dua kapal angkasa lepas, Vostok 3 dan Vostok 4, pada dasarnya sama orbit, pada 11 dan 12 Ogos 1962. Kedua-dua kapal angkasa itu berada dalam jarak kira-kira 6.5 kilometer (4.0 mi) antara satu sama lain, cukup dekat untuk komunikasi radio. Vostok 4 juga menetapkan rekod hampir empat hari di ruang angkasa. Walaupun kedua-dua orbit kraf itu adalah hampir sama mungkin dengan ketepatan sistem panduan roket pelancaran, variasi yang sedikit masih wujud yang menarik kedua-dua kraf pada mulanya hampir satu sama lain sebagai 6.5 kilometer (3.5 batu nautika), maka setakat ini sebagai 2,850 kilometer (1,540 batu nautika). Tidak ada roket manuver di Vostok untuk membenarkan ruang pertemuan, yang diperlukan untuk menyimpan dua kapal angkasa dengan jarak yang terkawal. <> Orang pertama dari USSR mengendalikan kapal angkasa mereka sendiri? || Gherman Titov <> Gherman Titov dari USSR melancarkan kapal angkasa sendiri pada tarikh apa? || 6 Ogos 1961 <> Komunikasi radio mungkin antara dua ruang angkasa pada 11 dan 12 Ogos 1962? || Vostok 3 dan Vostok 4", {"qas": [{"question": "What first person from the USSR controlled their own spacecraft?", "id": "56e0f6177aa994140058e829", "answers": [{"text": "Gherman Titov", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Gherman Titov from the USSR drove his own spacecraft on what date?", "id": "56e0f6177aa994140058e82a", "answers": [{"text": "August 6, 1961", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Radio communication was possible between which two spacecrafts in August 11 and 12, 1962?", "id": "56e0f6177aa994140058e82c", "answers": [{"text": "Vostok 3 and Vostok 4", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Gherman Titov became the first Soviet cosmonaut to exercise manual control of his Vostok 2 craft on August 6, 1961. The Soviet Union demonstrated 24-hour launch pad turnaround and the capability to launch two piloted spacecraft, Vostok 3 and Vostok 4, in essentially identical orbits, on August 11 and 12, 1962. The two spacecraft came within approximately 6.5 kilometers (4.0 mi) of one another, close enough for radio communication. Vostok 4 also set a record of nearly four days in space. Though the two craft's orbits were as nearly identical as possible given the accuracy of the launch rocket's guidance system, slight variations still existed which drew the two craft at first as close to each other as 6.5 kilometers (3.5 nautical miles), then as far apart as 2,850 kilometers (1,540 nautical miles). There were no maneuvering rockets on the Vostok to permit space rendezvous, required to keep two spacecraft a controlled distance apart."}], ["American Virgil \"Gus\" Grissom mengulangi penerbangan suborbital Shepard di Liberty Bell 7 pada 21 Julai 1961. Hampir setahun selepas Kesatuan Soviet meletakkan manusia ke orbit, angkasawan John Glenn menjadi orang Amerika pertama yang mengorbit Bumi, pada 20 Februari 1962 Misi Mercury-Atlas 6 melengkapkan tiga orbit dalam kapal angkasa Persahabatan 7, dan disemburkan dengan selamat di Lautan Atlantik, selepas reentri tegang, disebabkan oleh apa yang palsu muncul dari data telemetri sebagai perisai panas yang longgar. Sebagai orang Amerika pertama di orbit, Glenn menjadi wira negara, dan menerima perarakan tape-pita di New York City, mengingatkannya kepada Charles Lindbergh. Pada 23 Februari 1962, Presiden Kennedy mengantarnya dalam perarakan di Stesen Tentera Udara Cape Canaveral, di mana beliau menganugerahkan Glenn dengan pingat perkhidmatan NASA. <> Amerika pertama yang mengelilingi planet ini siapa? || John Glenn <> Bilakah John Glenn mengorbit Bumi? || 20 Februari 1962 <> Di mana John Glenn mendarat di Bumi selepas kembali dari orbit? || Lautan Atlantik <> Ruang angkasa John Glenn dinamakan apa saja ketika dia mengorbit Bumi? || Persahabatan 7", {"qas": [{"question": "The first American to orbit around the planet was whom?", "id": "56e0f4db7aa994140058e811", "answers": [{"text": "John Glenn", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did John Glenn orbit the Earth?", "id": "56e0f4db7aa994140058e812", "answers": [{"text": "February 20, 1962", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did John Glenn land on Earth after coming back from orbit?", "id": "56e0f4db7aa994140058e813", "answers": [{"text": "Atlantic Ocean", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "John Glenn's spaceship was named what when he orbited the Earth?", "id": "56e0f4db7aa994140058e815", "answers": [{"text": "Friendship 7", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "American Virgil \"Gus\" Grissom repeated Shepard's suborbital flight in Liberty Bell 7 on July 21, 1961. Almost a year after the Soviet Union put a human into orbit, astronaut John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth, on February 20, 1962. His Mercury-Atlas 6 mission completed three orbits in the Friendship 7 spacecraft, and splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean, after a tense reentry, due to what falsely appeared from the telemetry data to be a loose heat-shield. As the first American in orbit, Glenn became a national hero, and received a ticker-tape parade in New York City, reminiscent of that given for Charles Lindbergh. On February 23, 1962, President Kennedy escorted him in a parade at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, where he awarded Glenn with the NASA service medal."}], ["Angkatan Udara AS telah membangunkan program untuk melancarkan lelaki pertama di ruang angkasa, bernama Man in Space Soonest. Program ini mengkaji beberapa jenis kenderaan angkasa satu jenis, menetap pada kapsul masuk semula balistik yang dilancarkan pada peluru berpandu Atlas terbitan, dan memilih sekumpulan sembilan juruterbang calon. Selepas penciptaan NASA, program itu dipindahkan ke agensi awam dan ditukar nama kepada Project Mercury pada 26 November 1958. NASA memilih kumpulan baru angkasawan (dari bahasa Yunani untuk \"pelayar bintang\") calon dari Tentera Laut, Tentera Udara dan juruterbang uji marin , dan menyempitkannya ke kumpulan tujuh untuk program tersebut. Reka bentuk kapsul dan latihan angkasawan mulai segera, bekerja menuju penerbangan suborbital awal di rudal Redstone, diikuti dengan penerbangan orbit di Atlas. Setiap siri penerbangan mula-mula bermula tanpa pemandu, kemudian membawa primata, maka akhirnya lelaki. <> Man di Space Soonest adalah sebuah program di mana organisasi? || Angkatan Udara AS <> Man di Space Soonest telah ditubuhkan semula pada 26 November 1958? || Mercury Projek", {"qas": [{"question": "Man in Space Soonest was a program by which organization?", "id": "56e0f1b27aa994140058e7e5", "answers": [{"text": "US Air Force", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Man in Space Soonest was reestablished as what in November 26, 1958?", "id": "56e0f1b27aa994140058e7e6", "answers": [{"text": "Project Mercury", "answer_start": 401}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The US Air Force had been developing a program to launch the first man in space, named Man in Space Soonest. This program studied several different types of one-man space vehicles, settling on a ballistic re-entry capsule launched on a derivative Atlas missile, and selecting a group of nine candidate pilots. After NASA's creation, the program was transferred over to the civilian agency and renamed Project Mercury on November 26, 1958. NASA selected a new group of astronaut (from the Greek for \"star sailor\") candidates from Navy, Air Force and Marine test pilots, and narrowed this down to a group of seven for the program. Capsule design and astronaut training began immediately, working toward preliminary suborbital flights on the Redstone missile, followed by orbital flights on the Atlas. Each flight series would first start unmanned, then carry a primate, then finally men."}], ["Menjelang 1959, pemerhati Amerika percaya bahawa Kesatuan Soviet akan menjadi yang pertama untuk mendapatkan manusia ke angkasa, kerana masa yang diperlukan untuk mempersiapkan pelancaran pertama Mercury. Pada 12 April 1961, USSR mengejutkan dunia sekali lagi dengan melancarkan Yuri Gagarin menjadi satu orbit di sekeliling Bumi dalam kraf yang mereka panggil Vostok 1. Mereka menggelar Gagarin angkasawan pertama, secara kasar diterjemahkan dari bahasa Rusia dan Yunani sebagai \"kelasi alam semesta \". Walaupun dia mempunyai keupayaan untuk mengambil alih kawalan manual kapal angkasanya dalam keadaan kecemasan dengan membuka sampul surat yang terdapat di dalam kabin yang mengandungi kod yang boleh ditetik ke dalam komputer, ia diterbangkan dalam mod automatik sebagai langkah berjaga-jaga; sains perubatan pada masa itu tidak tahu apa yang akan berlaku kepada manusia dalam ruang angkasa tanpa berat. Vostok 1 mengorbit Bumi selama 108 minit dan membuat peninjauan semula ke atas Kesatuan Soviet, dengan Gagarin mengeluarkan dari kapal angkasa pada 7,000 meter (23,000 kaki), dan mendarat dengan payung terjun. Fed\u00e9ration A\u00e9ronautique Internationale (Persekutuan Penerbangan Aeronautik Antarabangsa) mengiktiraf Gagarin dengan penerbangan ruang angkasa manusia pertama di dunia, walaupun peraturan kelayakan mereka untuk rekod penerbangan pada masa itu memerlukan juruterbang untuk berlepas dan mendarat dengan kraf mereka. Atas sebab ini, Kesatuan Soviet tidak lagi menyerahkan penyerahan FAI mereka bahawa Gagarin tidak mendarat dengan kapsulnya. Apabila FAI memfailkan penerbangan Vostok Gherman Titov yang kedua pada bulan Ogos 1961 mendedahkan teknik pendaratan lusuh, jawatankuasa FAI memutuskan untuk menyiasat, dan membuat kesimpulan bahawa pencapaian teknologi pesawat angkasa manusia terletak pada peluncuran selamat, mengorbit, dan kembali, dan bukannya pendaratan, dan dengan itu menyemak peraturan mereka dengan sewajarnya, memastikan rekod Gagarin dan Titov tetap utuh. <> Negara mana yang berjaya melancarkan orang pertama ke angkasa pada tahun 1961? || USSR <> Kapal pertama untuk membawa manusia melalui angkasa dipanggil apa? || Vostok 1 <> Berapa lama Yuri Gagarin mengorbit bumi di kapal angkasa? || 108 minit", {"qas": [{"question": "Which country succesfully launched the first person into space in 1961?", "id": "56e0eb947aa994140058e7c3", "answers": [{"text": "the USSR", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first ship to carry a human through space was called what?", "id": "56e0eb947aa994140058e7c4", "answers": [{"text": "Vostok 1", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did Yuri Gagarin orbit the earth in the spacecraft?", "id": "56e0eb947aa994140058e7c5", "answers": [{"text": "108 minutes", "answer_start": 812}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By 1959, American observers believed that the Soviet Union would be the first to get a human into space, because of the time needed to prepare for Mercury's first launch. On April 12, 1961, the USSR surprised the world again by launching Yuri Gagarin into a single orbit around the Earth in a craft they called Vostok 1. They dubbed Gagarin the first cosmonaut, roughly translated from Russian and Greek as \"sailor of the universe\". Although he had the ability to take over manual control of his spacecraft in an emergency by opening an envelope he had in the cabin that contained a code that could be typed into the computer, it was flown in an automatic mode as a precaution; medical science at that time did not know what would happen to a human in the weightlessness of space. Vostok 1 orbited the Earth for 108 minutes and made its reentry over the Soviet Union, with Gagarin ejecting from the spacecraft at 7,000 meters (23,000 ft), and landing by parachute. The F\u00e9d\u00e9ration A\u00e9ronautique Internationale (International Federation of Aeronautics) credited Gagarin with the world's first human space flight, although their qualifying rules for aeronautical records at the time required pilots to take off and land with their craft. For this reason, the Soviet Union omitted from their FAI submission the fact that Gagarin did not land with his capsule. When the FAI filing for Gherman Titov's second Vostok flight in August 1961 disclosed the ejection landing technique, the FAI committee decided to investigate, and concluded that the technological accomplishment of human spaceflight lay in the safe launch, orbiting, and return, rather than the manner of landing, and so revised their rules accordingly, keeping Gagarin's and Titov's records intact."}], ["Kebanyakan juruterbang baru pada misi awal akan memerintahkan misi kemudian. Dengan cara ini, Project Gemini membina pengalaman spaceflight untuk kumpulan angkasawan yang akan dipilih untuk terbang misi bulan Apollo. <> Projek Gemini membantu merekrut orang yang berpengalaman untuk misi bulan lunar yang akan datang? || Apollo", {"qas": [{"question": "Project Gemini helped recruit experienced people for which upcoming lunar missions?", "id": "56e0fa807aa994140058e861", "answers": [{"text": "Apollo", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Most of the novice pilots on the early missions would command the later missions. In this way, Project Gemini built up spaceflight experience for the pool of astronauts who would be chosen to fly the Apollo lunar missions."}], ["Sebagai Presiden, Johnson terus menerus mengejar program Gemini dan Apollo, mempromosikan mereka sebagai warisan Kennedy kepada masyarakat Amerika. Satu minggu selepas kematian Kennedy, beliau mengeluarkan perintah eksekutif yang menamakan semula Cape Canaveral dan kemudahan pelancaran Apollo selepas Kennedy. <> Apakah dua lokasi di Florida dinamakan semula selepas Kennedy oleh Presiden Johnson? || Cape Canaveral dan kemudahan pelancaran Apollo <> Yang dua program ruang telah banyak digunakan oleh Presiden Johnson? || Gemini dan Apollo", {"qas": [{"question": "What two locations in Florida were renamed after Kennedy by President Johnson?", "id": "56e0f7ab7aa994140058e841", "answers": [{"text": "Cape Canaveral and Apollo launch facilities", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two space programs were heavily worked on by President Johnson?", "id": "56e0f7ab7aa994140058e842", "answers": [{"text": "Gemini and Apollo", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As President, Johnson steadfastly pursued the Gemini and Apollo programs, promoting them as Kennedy's legacy to the American public. One week after Kennedy's death, he issued an executive order renaming the Cape Canaveral and Apollo launch facilities after Kennedy."}], ["Fokus kepada komitmen untuk pendaratan Bulan, pada bulan Januari 1962 AS mengumumkan Projek Gemini, kapal angkasa dua orang yang akan menyokong Apollo tiga orang kemudian dengan mengembangkan teknologi spaceflight utama ruang pertemuan dan dok dua kapal, tempoh penerbangan panjang yang mencukupi untuk mensimulasikan pergi ke Bulan dan belakang, dan aktiviti luar kenderaan untuk mencapai kerja yang berguna di luar kapal angkasa. <> Tahun apakah projek Gemini disahkan? || 1962 <> Berapa banyak orang yang boleh membawa projek Gemini itu? || 2", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was the Gemini project confirmed?", "id": "56e0f816231d4119001ac510", "answers": [{"text": "1962", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people could the Gemini project carry?", "id": "56e0f816231d4119001ac511", "answers": [{"text": "2", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Focused by the commitment to a Moon landing, in January 1962 the US announced Project Gemini, a two-man spacecraft that would support the later three-man Apollo by developing the key spaceflight technologies of space rendezvous and docking of two craft, flight durations of sufficient length to simulate going to the Moon and back, and extra-vehicular activity to accomplish useful work outside the spacecraft."}], ["Pada 2 Oktober 1997, dilaporkan bahawa anak Khrushchev Sergei mendakwa Khrushchev bersedia untuk menerima cadangan Kennedy pada masa pembunuhan Kennedy pada 22 November 1963. Dalam beberapa minggu ke depan ia dilaporkan menyimpulkan bahawa kedua-dua negara mungkin menyadari manfaat kos dan teknologi keuntungan daripada usaha sama, dan memutuskan untuk menerima tawaran Kennedy berdasarkan ukuran hubungan pada tahun-tahun mereka sebagai pemimpin dua kuasa besar di dunia, tetapi mengubah fikirannya dan menurunkan idea itu kerana dia tidak mempunyai kepercayaan yang sama untuk pengganti Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson. <> Presiden Kennedy terbunuh ketika? || 22 November 1963 <> Bagaimana Presiden AS Kennedy mati? || pembunuhan", {"qas": [{"question": "President Kennedy was killed when?", "id": "56e0f770231d4119001ac500", "answers": [{"text": "November 22, 1963", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did US President Kennedy die?", "id": "56e0f770231d4119001ac501", "answers": [{"text": "assassination", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On October 2, 1997, it was reported that Khrushchev's son Sergei claimed Khrushchev was poised to accept Kennedy's proposal at the time of Kennedy's assassination on November 22, 1963. During the next few weeks he reportedly concluded that both nations might realize cost benefits and technological gains from a joint venture, and decided to accept Kennedy's offer based on a measure of rapport during their years as leaders of the world's two superpowers, but changed his mind and dropped the idea since he did not have the same trust for Kennedy's successor, Lyndon Johnson."}], ["Pada 20 September 1963, dalam ucapan di hadapan Perhimpunan Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu, Presiden Kennedy mencadangkan bahawa Amerika Syarikat dan Kesatuan Soviet bergabung dalam usaha untuk mencapai Bulan. Perdana Menteri Soviet Nikita Khrushchev pada mulanya menolak cadangan Kennedy. <> Bilakah Presiden AS John F. Kennedy, dalam ucapan, bercadang untuk bergabung dengan pasukan untuk menjangkau bulan dengan USSR? || 20 September 1963", {"qas": [{"question": "When did US President John F. Kennedy, in a speech, propose to join forces to reach the moon with the USSR?", "id": "56e0f6f47aa994140058e83f", "answers": [{"text": "September 20, 1963", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On September 20, 1963, in a speech before the United Nations General Assembly, President Kennedy proposed that the United States and the Soviet Union join forces in their efforts to reach the Moon. Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev initially rejected Kennedy's proposal."}], ["The Soviet menyimpan butiran dan penampilan sebenar kapsul kapsul Vostok sehingga Pameran Ekonomi Moscow 1965, di mana ia mula-mula dipamerkan tanpa kon hidung aerodinamik yang menyembunyikan kapsul sfera. \"Kapal angkasa Vostok\" mula-mula dipamerkan pada pertunjukan udara Tushino pada bulan Julai 1961, yang dipasang di peringkat ketiga kereta peluncurannya, dengan kerucut hidung di tempatnya. Bahagian ekor dengan lapan sirip juga ditambah, dalam percubaan yang jelas untuk mengelirukan pemerhati barat. Bahagian ekor palsu juga muncul pada setem peringatan rasmi dan dokumentari. <> Pada apa acara pertama kapal angkasa Vostok dipamerkan kepada orang ramai? || Julai 1961 rancangan udara Tushino", {"qas": [{"question": "At what event was the Vostok spaceship first displayed to the public ?", "id": "56e0f6c27aa994140058e83d", "answers": [{"text": "July 1961 Tushino air show", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Soviets kept the details and true appearance of the Vostok capsule secret until the April 1965 Moscow Economic Exhibition, where it was first displayed without its aerodynamic nose cone concealing the spherical capsule. The \"Vostok spaceship\" had been first displayed at the July 1961 Tushino air show, mounted on its launch vehicle's third stage, with the nose cone in place. A tail section with eight fins was also added, in an apparent attempt to confuse western observers. This spurious tail section also appeared on official commemorative stamps and a documentary."}], ["Kesatuan Soviet menggandakan prestasi dua pelancarannya dengan Vostok 5 dan Vostok 6 (16 Jun 1963). Kali ini mereka melancarkan wanita pertama (juga orang awam yang pertama), Valentina Tereshkova, ke ruang angkasa di Vostok 6. Pelancaran seorang wanita dilaporkan gagasan Korolev, dan ia dicapai semata-mata untuk nilai propaganda. Tereshkova adalah salah satu daripada korps kecil angkasawan wanita yang menjadi ahli parachutis amatur, tetapi Tereshkova adalah satu-satunya yang terbang. USSR tidak lagi membuka korps angkasawannya ke wanita hingga 1980, dua tahun selepas Amerika Syarikat membuka korps angkasawannya kepada wanita. <> Wanita pertama yang pergi ke angkasa adalah siapa? || Valentina Tereshkova <> Apa kapal angkasa yang membawa Valentina Tereshkova, wanita pertama di angkasa? || Vostok 6 <> Wanita pertama yang dilancarkan ke ruang angkasa adalah pada tarikh apa? || 16 Jun 1963 <> Wanita pertama yang pergi ke angkasa adalah dari negara mana? || USSR", {"qas": [{"question": "The first woman that went into space was whom?", "id": "56e0f68f7aa994140058e833", "answers": [{"text": "Valentina Tereshkova", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What spacecraft carried  Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space?", "id": "56e0f68f7aa994140058e834", "answers": [{"text": "Vostok 6", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first woman to launch into space was on what date?", "id": "56e0f68f7aa994140058e836", "answers": [{"text": "June 16, 1963", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first woman to go into space was from which country?", "id": "56e0f68f7aa994140058e837", "answers": [{"text": "The USSR", "answer_start": 436}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Soviet Union duplicated its dual-launch feat with Vostok 5 and Vostok 6 (June 16, 1963). This time they launched the first woman (also the first civilian), Valentina Tereshkova, into space on Vostok 6. Launching a woman was reportedly Korolev's idea, and it was accomplished purely for propaganda value. Tereshkova was one of a small corps of female cosmonauts who were amateur parachutists, but Tereshkova was the only one to fly. The USSR didn't again open its cosmonaut corps to women until 1980, two years after the United States opened its astronaut corps to women."}], ["Antara 14-16 Oktober 1964, Leonid Brezhnev dan kader kecil pegawai tinggi Parti Komunis berpangkat tinggi, menggulingkan Khrushchev sebagai pemimpin kerajaan Soviet sehari selepas Voskhod 1 mendarat, dalam apa yang disebut \"konspirasi Rabu\". Pemimpin politik baru, bersama dengan Korolev, mengakhiri program Voskhod yang bermasalah dengan teknologi, membatalkan Voskhod 3 dan 4, yang berada dalam tahap perancangan, dan mula menumpukan perhatian pada perlumbaan ke Bulan. Voskhod 2 akan menjadi pencapaian akhir Korolev sebelum kematiannya pada 14 Januari 1966, kerana ia akan menjadi yang terakhir dari banyak ruang pertama yang menunjukkan dominasi USSR dalam teknologi angkasa lepas pada awal 1960-an. Menurut sejarawan Asif Siddiqi, pencapaian Korolev menandakan \"kemuncak program ruang angkasa Soviet, yang belum pernah dicapai sejak itu.\" Akan ada jeda selama dua tahun di dalam penerbangan angkasa Soviet manakala pengganti Voskhod, kapal angkasa Soyuz, direka dan dibangunkan. <> Korolev meninggal pada tarikh apa? || 14 Januari 1966", {"qas": [{"question": "Korolev died on what date?", "id": "56e0f9d7231d4119001ac51c", "answers": [{"text": "January 14, 1966", "answer_start": 523}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Between October 14\u201316, 1964, Leonid Brezhnev and a small cadre of high-ranking Communist Party officials, deposed Khrushchev as Soviet government leader a day after Voskhod 1 landed, in what was called the \"Wednesday conspiracy\". The new political leaders, along with Korolev, ended the technologically troublesome Voskhod program, cancelling Voskhod 3 and 4, which were in the planning stages, and started concentrating on the race to the Moon. Voskhod 2 would end up being Korolev's final achievement before his death on January 14, 1966, as it would become the last of the many space firsts that demonstrated the USSR's domination in spacecraft technology during the early 1960s. According to historian Asif Siddiqi, Korolev's accomplishments marked \"the absolute zenith of the Soviet space program, one never, ever attained since.\" There would be a two-year pause in Soviet piloted space flights while Voskhod's replacement, the Soyuz spacecraft, was designed and developed."}], ["Kemajuan yang lebih besar dalam program angkasa Soviet pada masa itu membolehkan program ruang angkasa mereka untuk mencapai permulaan yang penting, termasuk EVA \"spacewalk\" pertama dan misi pertama yang dilakukan oleh kru dalam lengan baju. Gemini mengambil masa setahun lebih lama dari yang dirancang untuk mencapai penerbangan pertamanya, yang membolehkan Soviet mencapai yang pertama, melancarkan Voskhod 1 pada 12 Oktober 1964, kapal angkasa pertama dengan kru tiga angkasawan. USSR mencontohkan satu lagi pencapaian teknologi semasa misi ini: ia adalah penerbangan angkasa pertama di mana angkasawan dilakukan dalam persekitaran baju-lengan. Walau bagaimanapun, terbang tanpa spacesuits tidak disebabkan oleh peningkatan keselamatan dalam sistem persekitaran kapal angkasa Soviet; malah inovasi ini dicapai kerana ruang kabin terhad kraf tidak membenarkan ruang angkasa. Terbang tanpa spacesuits mendedahkan kosmonot kepada risiko yang ketara sekiranya berlaku kemurungan kabin yang mungkin membawa maut. Pencapaian ini tidak akan berulang sehingga Modul Perintah Apollo AS terbang pada tahun 1968; misi kemudian ini direka dari awal untuk selamat mengangkut tiga angkasawan dalam persekitaran baju-lengan ketika di angkasa. <> Pada tarikh apakah kru angkasawan tiga lelaki pertama berjaya? || 12 Oktober 1964 <> Penerbangan pertama dalam kapal angkasa yang tidak dibenarkan untuk dipakai di dalamnya adalah? || Voskhod 1 <> Modul Perintah Apollo AS terbang tanpa spacesuits pada tahun berapa? || 1968", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the first successful three man astronaut crew?", "id": "56e0f975231d4119001ac516", "answers": [{"text": "October 12, 1964", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first flight in a spacecraft that allowed no suits to be worn inside was was?", "id": "56e0f975231d4119001ac517", "answers": [{"text": "Voskhod 1", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The US Apollo Command Module flew without spacesuits in what year?", "id": "56e0f975231d4119001ac518", "answers": [{"text": "1968", "answer_start": 1029}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The greater advances of the Soviet space program at the time allowed their space program to achieve other significant firsts, including the first EVA \"spacewalk\" and the first mission performed by a crew in shirt-sleeves. Gemini took a year longer than planned to accomplish its first flight, allowing the Soviets to achieve another first, launching Voskhod 1 on October 12, 1964, the first spacecraft with a three-cosmonaut crew. The USSR touted another technological achievement during this mission: it was the first space flight during which cosmonauts performed in a shirt-sleeve-environment. However, flying without spacesuits was not due to safety improvements in the Soviet spacecraft's environmental systems; rather this innovation was accomplished because the craft's limited cabin space did not allow for spacesuits. Flying without spacesuits exposed the cosmonauts to significant risk in the event of potentially fatal cabin depressurization. This feat would not be repeated until the US Apollo Command Module flew in 1968; this later mission was designed from the outset to safely transport three astronauts in a shirt-sleeve environment while in space."}], ["Pada 18 Mac 1965, kira-kira seminggu sebelum Amerika Syarikat pertama yang dipelopori Projek Gemini terbang, USSR mempercepatkan persaingan dengan melancarkan misi Voskhod 2 angkasawan dengan Pavel Belyayev dan Alexey Leonov. Pengubahsuaian reka bentuk Voskhod 2 termasuk penambahan airlock kembung untuk membolehkan aktiviti extravehular (EVA), juga dikenali sebagai spacewalk, sambil mengekalkan kabin bertekanan supaya elektronik kapsul tidak akan terlalu panas. Leonov melakukan EVA pertama sebagai sebahagian daripada misi. Kematian tidak dapat dihindari apabila ruang angkasa Leonov berkembang dalam ruang kosong, menghalangnya masuk semula ke dalam ruang udara. Untuk mengatasinya, beliau terpaksa mengurangkan sebahagian daripada ruang angkasa ke tahap yang berpotensi berbahaya. Dia berjaya memasuki semula kapal dengan selamat, tetapi dia dan Belyayev menghadapi cabaran lagi apabila kawalan atmosfera kapal terbang membanjiri kabin dengan oksigen tulen yang 45%, yang harus diturunkan ke tahap yang boleh diterima sebelum masuk semula. Semakan itu melibatkan dua lagi cabaran: penembakan retrorocket yang tidak tepat pada masanya menyebabkan Voskhod 2 mendarat 386 kilometer (240 mi) dari kawasan sasaran yang ditetapkan, bandar Perm; dan kegagalan petak peralatan untuk melepaskan dari alat keturunan menyebabkan kapal angkasa menjadi tidak stabil semasa reentri. <> The Voskhod 2 yang membawa dua manusia dilancarkan pada tarikh apa? || 18 Mac 1965 <> Siapa yang pertama mengambil spacewalk? || Alexey Leonov <> Yang mana dua penghuni Voskhod 2 hampir terbunuh? || Alexey Leonov", {"qas": [{"question": "The Voskhod 2 carrying two humans was launched on what date?", "id": "56e0fa4e231d4119001ac51e", "answers": [{"text": "March 18, 1965", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first person to take a spacewalk?", "id": "56e0fa4e231d4119001ac51f", "answers": [{"text": "Alexey Leonov", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of two Voskhod 2's occupants was almost killed?", "id": "56e0fa4e231d4119001ac520", "answers": [{"text": "Alexey Leonov", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On March 18, 1965, about a week before the first American piloted Project Gemini space flight, the USSR accelerated the competition, by launching the two-cosmonaut Voskhod 2 mission with Pavel Belyayev and Alexey Leonov. Voskhod 2's design modifications included the addition of an inflatable airlock to allow for extravehicular activity (EVA), also known as a spacewalk, while keeping the cabin pressurized so that the capsule's electronics wouldn't overheat. Leonov performed the first-ever EVA as part of the mission. A fatality was narrowly avoided when Leonov's spacesuit expanded in the vacuum of space, preventing him from re-entering the airlock. In order to overcome this, he had to partially depressurize his spacesuit to a potentially dangerous level. He succeeded in safely re-entering the ship, but he and Belyayev faced further challenges when the spacecraft's atmospheric controls flooded the cabin with 45% pure oxygen, which had to be lowered to acceptable levels before re-entry. The reentry involved two more challenges: an improperly timed retrorocket firing caused the Voskhod 2 to land 386 kilometers (240 mi) off its designated target area, the town of Perm; and the instrument compartment's failure to detach from the descent apparatus caused the spacecraft to become unstable during reentry."}], ["PBB akhirnya mencipta Perjanjian tentang Prinsip-prinsip yang Mengatur Kegiatan Negara-Negara di Eksplorasi dan Penggunaan Ruang Luar, termasuk Bulan dan Badan-badan Surgawi yang lain, yang ditandatangani oleh Amerika Serikat, USSR, dan United Kingdom pada 27 Januari 1967 dan berkuatkuasa pada 10 Oktober yang berikut. <> Perjanjian mengenai Prinsip-prinsip yang Mengendalikan Kegiatan Negara dalam Eksplorasi dan Penggunaan Ruang Luar telah ditandatangani oleh tiga negara pada tarikh apa? || 27 Januari 1967", {"qas": [{"question": "The Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space was signed by three countries on what date?", "id": "56e0fd56231d4119001ac552", "answers": [{"text": "January 27, 1967", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The UN ultimately created a Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, which was signed by the United States, USSR, and the United Kingdom on January 27, 1967 and went into force the following October 10."}], ["Amerika Syarikat dan USSR telah mengadakan perbincangan mengenai penggunaan ruang yang damai seawal tahun 1958, yang mempersembahkan isu-isu perdebatan ke Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu, yang membentuk sebuah Jawatankuasa Penggunaan Keamanan Luar Angkasa di 1959. <> Jawatankuasa Penggunaan Keamanan Luar Ruang ditubuhkan pada tahun berapa? || 1959 <> Jawatankuasa mengenai Penggunaan Angkasa Luar Lapar telah diwujudkan oleh organisasi yang mana pada tahun 1959? || Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu", {"qas": [{"question": "The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was established in what year?", "id": "56e0fbf67aa994140058e873", "answers": [{"text": "1959", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was created by what organization in 1959?", "id": "56e0fbf67aa994140058e874", "answers": [{"text": "United Nations", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The US and USSR began discussions on the peaceful uses of space as early as 1958, presenting issues for debate to the United Nations, which created a Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space in 1959."}], ["Program pendaratan lunar Korolev telah ditetapkan N1 / L3, untuk kapal angkasa N1 dan kapal angkasa Soyuz 7K-L3 yang lebih canggih, juga dikenali sebagai modul orbital lunar (\"Lunniy Orbitalny Korabl\", LOK), dengan kru dua. Pendarat lunar yang berasingan (\"Lunniy Korabl\", LK), akan membawa seorang angkasawan tunggal ke permukaan bulan. <> \"Lunniy Korabl\" atau \"LK\" akan membawa berapa ramai orang? || N1", {"qas": [{"question": "The \"Lunniy Korabl\" or \"LK\" would carry how many people?", "id": "56e0fba6231d4119001ac53b", "answers": [{"text": "N1", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Korolev's lunar landing program was designated N1/L3, for its N1 superbooster and a more advanced Soyuz 7K-L3 spacecraft, also known as the lunar orbital module (\"Lunniy Orbitalny Korabl\", LOK), with a crew of two. A separate lunar lander (\"Lunniy Korabl\", LK), would carry a single cosmonaut to the lunar surface."}], ["Pada tahun 1967, kedua-dua negara menghadapi cabaran yang serius yang membawa program mereka menjadi halangan sementara. Kedua-duanya bergegas ke kelajuan penuh ke arah penerbangan pertama dari Apollo dan Soyuz, tanpa memberi perhatian sewajarnya kepada masalah reka bentuk dan pembuatan yang semakin meningkat. Keputusan terbukti membawa maut kepada kedua-dua kru perintis. <> Kedua-dua awak terbunuh di mana muatan kapal angkasa pada tahun 1967? || Apollo dan Soyuz", {"qas": [{"question": "Both crews were killed on which spacecraft missions in 1967?", "id": "56e0fd867aa994140058e889", "answers": [{"text": "Apollo and Soyuz", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1967, both nations faced serious challenges that brought their programs to temporary halts. Both had been rushing at full-speed toward the first piloted flights of Apollo and Soyuz, without paying due diligence to growing design and manufacturing problems. The results proved fatal to both pioneering crews."}], ["Amerika Syarikat pulih dari api Apollo 1, memperbaiki kelemahan maut dalam versi modul perintah Blok II yang lebih baik. Amerika Syarikat meneruskan dengan pelancaran ujian unpiloted kenderaan pelancar Saturn V (Apollo 4 dan Apollo 6) dan Modul Lunar (Apollo 5) pada separuh kedua tahun 1967 dan awal 1968. Misi Apollo 1 untuk memeriksa Modul Perintah / Perkhidmatan Apollo di orbit Bumi dicapai oleh anak-anak kapal Grissom yang diarahkan oleh Walter Schirra pada Apollo 7, yang dilancarkan pada 11 Oktober 1968. Misi sebelas hari itu adalah kejayaan total, kerana kapal angkasa melakukan misi yang hampir sempurna, membuka jalan bagi Amerika Syarikat untuk meneruskan jadual misi lunarnya. <> Apollo 7 dilancarkan dari Bumi pada tarikh apa? || 11 Oktober 1968 <> Siapa yang mengendalikan misi Apollo 7? || Walter Schirra", {"qas": [{"question": "Apollo 7 launched from Earth on what date?", "id": "56e0ff55e3433e1400422a7c", "answers": [{"text": "October 11, 1968", "answer_start": 486}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was in charge of the Apollo 7 mission on board?", "id": "56e0ff55e3433e1400422a7d", "answers": [{"text": "Walter Schirra", "answer_start": 446}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The United States recovered from the Apollo 1 fire, fixing the fatal flaws in an improved version of the Block II command module. The US proceeded with unpiloted test launches of the Saturn V launch vehicle (Apollo 4 and Apollo 6) and the Lunar Module (Apollo 5) during the latter half of 1967 and early 1968. Apollo 1's mission to check out the Apollo Command/Service Module in Earth orbit was accomplished by Grissom's backup crew commanded by Walter Schirra on Apollo 7, launched on October 11, 1968. The eleven-day mission was a total success, as the spacecraft performed a virtually flawless mission, paving the way for the United States to continue with its lunar mission schedule."}], ["Program circumlunar (Zond), yang dicipta oleh biro reka bentuk Vladimir Chelomey, OKB-52, adalah untuk terbang dua angkasawan dalam Soyuz 7K-L1 yang dilancarkan, dilancarkan oleh roket Proton UR-500 Chelomey. Zond mengorbankan jumlah kabin yang boleh dihuni untuk peralatan, dengan meninggalkan modul orbit modul Soyuz. Chelomey mendapat pujian dengan Khruschev dengan menggaji anggota keluarganya. <> Siapa yang membuat program circumlunar dipanggil Zond? || Vladimir Chelomey <> Jenis kerajinan yang mana dua angkasawan terbang semasa Zond? || Soyuz 7K-L1", {"qas": [{"question": "Who created the circumlunar program called Zond?", "id": "56e0fb41231d4119001ac52c", "answers": [{"text": "Vladimir Chelomey", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which type of craft were two astronauts to fly in during Zond?", "id": "56e0fb41231d4119001ac52d", "answers": [{"text": "Soyuz 7K-L1", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The circumlunar program (Zond), created by Vladimir Chelomey's design bureau OKB-52, was to fly two cosmonauts in a stripped-down Soyuz 7K-L1, launched by Chelomey's Proton UR-500 rocket. The Zond sacrificed habitable cabin volume for equipment, by omitting the Soyuz orbital module. Chelomey gained favor with Khruschev by employing members of his family."}], ["Kesatuan Soviet juga menetapkan masalah payung terjun dan kawalan dengan Soyuz, dan misi ujian berikutnya Soyuz 3 telah dilancarkan pada 26 Oktober 1968. Matlamatnya adalah untuk menyelesaikan misi pertemuan dan doktrin Komarov dengan tanpa pemeriksaan Soyuz 2. Pengawal tanah membawa dua kraf dalam jarak 200 meter (660 kaki) antara satu sama lain, maka angkasawan Georgy Beregovoy mengambil alih. Dia mencapai sasaran sejauh 40 meter (130 kaki), tetapi tidak dapat berlabuh sebelum membelanjakan 90 peratus bahan bakarnya, disebabkan kesilapan mengetepikan pesawat angkasa ke orientasi yang salah dan memaksa Soyuz 2 untuk secara automatik berpaling dari arahnya mendekati kraf. Docking kapal pertama Soviet akhirnya direalisasikan pada Januari 1969 oleh misi Soyuz 4 dan Soyuz 5. Ia adalah kapal terbang kapal terbang pertama yang pertama, dan pemindahan kru pertama dari satu kenderaan angkasa ke kapal lain. <> The Soyuz 3 memulakan misi ke angkasa pada tarikh apa? || 26 Oktober 1968 <> Kapan pasukan pertama berjaya mengepalai kru dua lelaki? || Januari 1969 <> Yang mana dua misi angkasa yang pertama berjaya menyelam satu sama lain? || Soyuz 4 dan Soyuz 5", {"qas": [{"question": "The Soyuz 3 began its mission to space on what date?", "id": "56e10477e3433e1400422ac4", "answers": [{"text": "October 26, 1968", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the first successful docking of a two man space crew?", "id": "56e10477e3433e1400422ac5", "answers": [{"text": "January 1969", "answer_start": 709}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two space missions were the first to successfully dock each other?", "id": "56e10477e3433e1400422ac6", "answers": [{"text": "Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5", "answer_start": 729}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Soviet Union also fixed the parachute and control problems with Soyuz, and the next piloted mission Soyuz 3 was launched on October 26, 1968. The goal was to complete Komarov's rendezvous and docking mission with the un-piloted Soyuz 2. Ground controllers brought the two craft to within 200 meters (660 ft) of each other, then cosmonaut Georgy Beregovoy took control. He got within 40 meters (130 ft) of his target, but was unable to dock before expending 90 percent of his maneuvering fuel, due to a piloting error that put his spacecraft into the wrong orientation and forced Soyuz 2 to automatically turn away from his approaching craft. The first docking of Soviet spacecraft was finally realised in January 1969 by the Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 missions. It was the first-ever docking of two manned spacecraft, and the first transfer of crew from one space vehicle to another."}], ["Pada 10 Mei 1962, Naib Presiden Johnson mengetengahkan Persidangan Kebangsaan Kedua mengenai Penggunaan Angkasa Aman yang menyatakan bahawa Amerika Syarikat dan USSR menyokong resolusi yang diluluskan oleh Jawatankuasa Politik Perhimpunan Agung PBB pada bulan Disember 1962, yang bukan hanya menggesa negara anggota untuk \"memperluaskan undang-undang undang-undang antarabangsa ke luar angkasa,\" tetapi juga bekerja sama dalam penerokaannya. Berikutan ketetapan resolusi ini, Kennedy memulakan komunikasinya yang mencadangkan program ruang Amerika / Soviet yang koperatif. <> Masalah telah diselesaikan oleh siapa ketika AS dan USSR menyokong program ruang koperasi? || Jawatankuasa Politik Perhimpunan Agung PBB <> Program ruang koperasi telah diluluskan pada tarikh apa? || Disember 1962", {"qas": [{"question": "A problem was resolved by whom when both the US and the USSR supported a cooperative space program?", "id": "56e0fcef231d4119001ac548", "answers": [{"text": "Political Committee of the UN General Assembly", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The cooperative space program was passed on what date?", "id": "56e0fcef231d4119001ac549", "answers": [{"text": "December 1962", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On May 10, 1962, Vice President Johnson addressed the Second National Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Space revealing that the United States and the USSR both supported a resolution passed by the Political Committee of the UN General Assembly on December 1962, which not only urged member nations to \"extend the rules of international law to outer space,\" but to also cooperate in its exploration. Following the passing of this resolution, Kennedy commenced his communications proposing a cooperative American/Soviet space program."}], ["Sementara itu, Kesatuan Soviet mengalami masalah sendiri dengan pembangunan Soyuz. Jurutera melaporkan 200 kerosakan reka bentuk kepada pemimpin parti, tetapi keprihatinan mereka \"ditindas oleh tekanan politik untuk satu siri ruang angkasa untuk menandakan ulang tahun ulang tahun Lenin.\" [Rujukan?] Pada 24 April 1967, juruterbang tunggal Soyuz 1, Vladimir Komarov, menjadi pesawat pertama dalam penerbangan. Misi itu dirancang untuk menjadi ujian tiga hari, termasuk penyambungan Soviet yang pertama dengan Soyuz 2 yang tidak dipisahkan, tetapi misi itu dilanda masalah. Awalnya, kraf Komarov tidak mempunyai kuasa elektrik yang mencukupi kerana hanya satu daripada dua panel solar yang digunakan. Kemudian sistem kawalan sikap automatik mula tidak berfungsi dan akhirnya gagal sepenuhnya, mengakibatkan kraf berputar liar. Komarov dapat menghentikan putaran dengan sistem manual, yang hanya sebahagiannya berkesan. Pengawal penerbangan membatalkan misinya selepas hanya satu hari. Semasa kemasukan semula kecemasan, kesalahan dalam sistem payung terjun yang mendarat menyebabkan pelantar utama gagal, dan pelongsor rizab menjadi kusut dengan pelongsor drogu; Komarov dibunuh dengan kesan. Memperbaiki kerosakan kapal angkasa menyebabkan kelewatan lapan belas bulan sebelum penerbangan Soyuz dijangka dapat disambung semula. <> Siapa yang dikreditkan dengan kematian ruang dalam penerbangan pertama? || Vladimir Komarov <> Bilakah Vladimir Komarov mati akibat kesan dari kemalangan kapal angkasa? || 24 April 1967", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the person credited with the first in-flight space death?", "id": "56e0fedde3433e1400422a74", "answers": [{"text": "Vladimir Komarov", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Vladimir Komarov die on impact from his spacecraft crash?", "id": "56e0fedde3433e1400422a76", "answers": [{"text": "April 24, 1967", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Meanwhile, the Soviet Union was having its own problems with Soyuz development. Engineers reported 200 design faults to party leaders, but their concerns \"were overruled by political pressures for a series of space feats to mark the anniversary of Lenin's birthday.\"[citation needed] On April 24, 1967, the single pilot of Soyuz 1, Vladimir Komarov, became the first in-flight spaceflight fatality. The mission was planned to be a three-day test, to include the first Soviet docking with an unpiloted Soyuz 2, but the mission was plagued with problems. Early on, Komarov's craft lacked sufficient electrical power because only one of two solar panels had deployed. Then the automatic attitude control system began malfunctioning and eventually failed completely, resulting in the craft spinning wildly. Komarov was able to stop the spin with the manual system, which was only partially effective. The flight controllers aborted his mission after only one day. During the emergency re-entry, a fault in the landing parachute system caused the primary chute to fail, and the reserve chute became tangled with the drogue chute; Komarov was killed on impact. Fixing the spacecraft faults caused an eighteen-month delay before piloted Soyuz flights could resume."}], ["Pada 27 Januari 1967, pada hari yang sama US dan USSR menandatangani Perjanjian Luar Angkasa, kru misi Apollo yang pertama, Command Pilot Virgil \"Gus\" Grissom, Pilot Kanan Edward H. White, dan Pilot Roger Chaffee, terbunuh dalam kebakaran yang melanda kabin kapal angkasa mereka semasa ujian tanah, kurang dari sebulan sebelum pelancaran Februari 21 yang dirancang. Lembaga siasatan menentukan kebakaran mungkin disebabkan oleh percikan elektrik, dan dengan cepat berkembang dari kawalan, diberi oleh suasana oksigen tulen kapal angkasa. Pelarian krew telah dibuat mustahil oleh ketidakupayaan untuk membuka penutup penetasan pintu palam terhadap tekanan dalaman yang lebih besar daripada atmosfera. Lembaga juga mendapati kekurangan reka bentuk dan pembinaan di kapal angkasa, dan kegagalan prosedur, termasuk kegagalan untuk menghargai bahaya suasana oksigen tulen, serta prosedur keselamatan yang tidak mencukupi. Kesemua kelemahan ini perlu diperbetulkan dalam tempoh dua puluh dua bulan yang akan datang sehingga penerbangan pertama ditembak boleh dibuat. Mercury dan Gemini veteran Grissom telah dipilih sebagai pilihan Deke Slayton, Pengarah Operasi Pengangkut Penerbangan NASA, untuk membuat pendaratan pilot pertama. <> Perjanjian Luar Angkasa telah ditandatangani oleh AS dan USSR pada tarikh apa? || 27 Januari 1967 <> Apakah punca kebakaran yang membunuh semua orang dalam misi Apollo pertama sebelum dilancarkan? || percikan elektrik <> Siapa tiga orang yang mati dalam misi Apollo pertama sebelum dilancarkan? || Pilot Perintah Virgil \"Gus\" Grissom, Pilot Kanan Edward H. White, dan Pilot Roger Chaffee", {"qas": [{"question": "The Outer Space Treaty was signed by the US and the USSR on what date?", "id": "56e0fe47cd28a01900c673f1", "answers": [{"text": "January 27, 1967", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the cause of the fire that killed everyone on the first Apollo mission before launch?", "id": "56e0fe47cd28a01900c673f4", "answers": [{"text": "electrical spark", "answer_start": 429}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were the three people who died on the first Apollo mission before launch?", "id": "56e0fe47cd28a01900c673f5", "answers": [{"text": "Command Pilot Virgil \"Gus\" Grissom, Senior Pilot Edward H. White, and Pilot Roger Chaffee", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On January 27, 1967, the same day the US and USSR signed the Outer Space Treaty, the crew of the first manned Apollo mission, Command Pilot Virgil \"Gus\" Grissom, Senior Pilot Edward H. White, and Pilot Roger Chaffee, were killed in a fire that swept through their spacecraft cabin during a ground test, less than a month before the planned February 21 launch. An investigative board determined the fire was probably caused by an electrical spark, and quickly grew out of control, fed by the spacecraft's pure oxygen atmosphere. Crew escape was made impossible by inability to open the plug door hatch cover against the greater-than-atmospheric internal pressure. The board also found design and construction flaws in the spacecraft, and procedural failings, including failure to appreciate the hazard of the pure-oxygen atmosphere, as well as inadequate safety procedures. All these flaws had to be corrected over the next twenty-two months until the first piloted flight could be made. Mercury and Gemini veteran Grissom had been a favored choice of Deke Slayton, NASA's Director of Flight Crew Operations, to make the first piloted landing."}], ["Tidak diketahui oleh rakyat Amerika, program Moon Soviet berada dalam masalah yang mendalam. Selepas dua kegagalan pelancaran roket N1 pada tahun 1969, rancangan Soviet untuk pendaratan berulang ditangguhkan. Letupan pelancaran pad N-1 pada 3 Julai 1969 adalah satu kemunculan yang ketara. Roket memukul pad selepas penutupan enjin, memusnahkan dirinya dan kemudahan pelancaran. Tanpa roket N-1, USSR tidak dapat menghantar muatan yang cukup besar ke Bulan untuk mendarat manusia dan mengembalikannya dengan selamat. <> The Soviet, N1 Rocket meletup dan dimusnahkan pada tarikh apa? || 3 Julai 1969", {"qas": [{"question": "The Soviet, N1 Rocket exploded and was destroyed on what date?", "id": "56e106e0cd28a01900c6745d", "answers": [{"text": "July 3, 1969", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Unknown to the Americans, the Soviet Moon program was in deep trouble. After two successive launch failures of the N1 rocket in 1969, Soviet plans for a piloted landing suffered delay. The launch pad explosion of the N-1 on July 3, 1969 was a significant setback. The rocket hit the pad after an engine shutdown, destroying itself and the launch facility. Without the N-1 rocket, the USSR could not send a large enough payload to the Moon to land a human and return him safely."}], ["Apollo 11 meninggalkan orbit lunar dan kembali ke Bumi, mendarat dengan selamat di Lautan Pasifik pada 24 Julai 1969. Apabila kapal angkasa memercikkan, 2,982 hari berlalu sejak komitmen Kennedy untuk mendarat seorang lelaki di Bulan dan kembali dengan selamat ke bumi sebelum penghujung dekad; misi itu selesai dengan 161 hari untuk ganti. Dengan penyelesaian selamat misi Apollo 11, Amerika memenangi perlumbaan ke Bulan. <> Bilakah misi Apollo 11 kembali ke Bumi? || 24 Julai 1969 <> Di manakah tanah misi Apollo 11 kembali ke Bumi? || lautan Pasifik", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Apollo 11 mission land back on Earth?", "id": "56e108fce3433e1400422b14", "answers": [{"text": "July 24, 1969", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Apollo 11 mission land back on Earth?", "id": "56e108fce3433e1400422b15", "answers": [{"text": "Pacific Ocean", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Apollo 11 left lunar orbit and returned to Earth, landing safely in the Pacific Ocean on July 24, 1969. When the spacecraft splashed down, 2,982 days had passed since Kennedy's commitment to landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth before the end of the decade; the mission was completed with 161 days to spare. With the safe completion of the Apollo 11 mission, the Americans won the race to the Moon."}], ["Apollo 11 telah disediakan dengan matlamat pendaratan Julai di Laut Ketenangan. Krew yang dipilih pada bulan Januari 1969 terdiri daripada komander (CDR) Neil Armstrong, Pilot Modul Perintah (CMP) Michael Collins, dan Pilot Module Lunar (LMP) Edwin \"Buzz\" Aldrin. Mereka dilatih untuk misi sehingga sebelum hari pelancaran sebenar. Pada 16 Julai 1969, tepat pada pukul 9:32 pagi EDT, roket Saturn V, AS-506, ditarik dari Kompleks Pelancaran Pusat Kennedy 39 di Florida. <> Apollo 11 misi adalah untuk mendarat di mana di Bulan? || Laut Ketenangan <> Bilakah pelancaran misi Apollo 11? || 16 Julai 1969 <> Apa negeri yang dilancarkan roket Saturnus dari? || Florida <> Bilakah krew dipilih untuk menyertai misi Apollo 11? || Januari 1969", {"qas": [{"question": "Apollo 11 mission was to land where on the Moon?", "id": "56e1077ecd28a01900c67469", "answers": [{"text": "Sea of Tranquility", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Apollo 11 mission launch?", "id": "56e1077ecd28a01900c6746b", "answers": [{"text": "July 16, 1969", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What state did the Saturn V rocket launch from?", "id": "56e1077ecd28a01900c6746c", "answers": [{"text": "Florida", "answer_start": 456}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the crew chosen to participate on the Apollo 11 mission?", "id": "56e1077ecd28a01900c6746d", "answers": [{"text": "January 1969", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Apollo 11 was prepared with the goal of a July landing in the Sea of Tranquility. The crew, selected in January 1969, consisted of commander (CDR) Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot (CMP) Michael Collins, and Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) Edwin \"Buzz\" Aldrin. They trained for the mission until just before the actual launch day. On July 16, 1969, at exactly 9:32 am EDT, the Saturn V rocket, AS-506, lifted off from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 in Florida."}], ["Langkah pertama disaksikan oleh sekurang-kurangnya seperlima penduduk Bumi, atau kira-kira 723 juta orang. Kata-kata pertamanya ketika dia melepaskan kaki kaki LM adalah, \"Itu satu langkah kecil untuk seorang, satu lompatan gergasi untuk manusia.\" Aldrin menyertai beliau di permukaan hampir 20 minit kemudian. Secara keseluruhannya, mereka hanya menghabiskan masa kurang dari dua dan satu perempat jam di luar kerajinan mereka. Keesokan harinya, mereka melakukan pelancaran pertama dari badan angkasa yang lain, dan bertemu kembali dengan Columbia. <> Berapa ramai orang melihat langkah pertama ke Bulan? || 723 juta <> Bilakah mereka melancarkan dari Bulan untuk menyambung semula ke Columbia? || Keesokan harinya", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people saw the first step onto the Moon?", "id": "56e10894e3433e1400422b04", "answers": [{"text": "723 million", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did they launch from the Moon to reattach to the Columbia?", "id": "56e10894e3433e1400422b07", "answers": [{"text": "The next day", "answer_start": 379}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first step was witnessed by at least one-fifth of the population of Earth, or about 723 million people. His first words when he stepped off the LM's landing footpad were, \"That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.\" Aldrin joined him on the surface almost 20 minutes later. Altogether, they spent just under two and one-quarter hours outside their craft. The next day, they performed the first launch from another celestial body, and rendezvoused back with Columbia."}], ["Modul Lunar Amerika akhirnya siap untuk penerbangan ujian uji coba yang berjaya di orbit Bumi rendah pada Apollo 9 pada bulan Mac 1969. Misi berikutnya, Apollo 10, mengadakan \"latihan latihan\" untuk pendaratan pertama pada bulan Mei 1969, terbang LM di bulan lunar orbit seawal 47,400 kaki (14.4 km) di atas permukaan, titik di mana keturunan berkuasa ke permukaan akan bermula. Dengan LM terbukti berfungsi dengan baik, langkah seterusnya adalah untuk mencuba pendaratan sebenar. <> Seberapa dekat dengan tanah Modul Lunar pada bulan Mei 1969 semasa ujian pendaratannya? || 47,400 kaki <> Modul Lunar menyelesaikan orbit bumi rendah pertama pada tarikh apa? || Mac 1969", {"qas": [{"question": "How close to the ground was the Lunar Module in May 1969 during its landing test?", "id": "56e1069ce3433e1400422aec", "answers": [{"text": "47,400 feet", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Lunar Module completed its first low Earth orbit on what date?", "id": "56e1069ce3433e1400422aed", "answers": [{"text": "March 1969", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The American Lunar Module was finally ready for a successful piloted test flight in low Earth orbit on Apollo 9 in March 1969. The next mission, Apollo 10, conducted a \"dress rehearsal\" for the first landing in May 1969, flying the LM in lunar orbit as close as 47,400 feet (14.4 km) above the surface, the point where the powered descent to the surface would begin. With the LM proven to work well, the next step was to attempt the actual landing."}], ["Kapal angkasa Zond Soviet belum lagi bersedia untuk misi circumlunar yang dipandu pada tahun 1968, selepas lima ujian yang tidak berjaya dan melancarkan ujian automatik yang berjaya: Cosmos 146 pada 10 Mac 1967; Cosmos 154 pada 8 April 1967; Zond 1967A 27 September 1967; Zond 1967B pada 22 November 1967. Zond 4 dilancarkan pada 2 Mac 1968, dan berjaya membuat penerbangan circumlunar. Selepas penerbangan berjaya di sekitar Bulan, Zond 4 menghadapi masalah dengan rejim buminya pada 9 Mac, dan diperintahkan dimusnahkan oleh caj ledakan 15,000 meter (49,000 kaki) di Teluk Guinea. Pengumuman rasmi Soviet mengatakan bahawa Zond 4 adalah penerbangan ujian automatik yang berakhir dengan kemusnahannya yang disengajakan, disebabkan oleh trajektori pemulihan yang memposisikannya di Lautan Atlantik dan bukan di atas USSR. <> Di mana Zond 4 berakhir apabila ia dihancurkan oleh ledakan? || Teluk Guinea", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was the Zond 4 over when it was destroyed by an explosion?", "id": "56e104dfcd28a01900c67447", "answers": [{"text": "Gulf of Guinea", "answer_start": 558}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Soviet Zond spacecraft was not yet ready for piloted circumlunar missions in 1968, after five unsuccessful and partially successful automated test launches: Cosmos 146 on March 10, 1967; Cosmos 154 on April 8, 1967; Zond 1967A September 27, 1967; Zond 1967B on November 22, 1967. Zond 4 was launched on March 2, 1968, and successfully made a circumlunar flight. After its successful flight around the Moon, Zond 4 encountered problems with its Earth reentry on March 9, and was ordered destroyed by an explosive charge 15,000 meters (49,000 ft) over the Gulf of Guinea. The Soviet official announcement said that Zond 4 was an automated test flight which ended with its intentional destruction, due to its recovery trajectory positioning it over the Atlantic Ocean instead of over the USSR."}], ["Perjalanan ke Bulan mengambil masa lebih dari tiga hari. Selepas mencapai orbit, Armstrong dan Aldrin dipindahkan ke Modul Lunar, bernama Eagle, dan selepas pemeriksaan gear pendaratan oleh Collins yang tinggal di Modul Perintah / Perkhidmatan Columbia, memulakan keturunan mereka. Selepas mengatasi beberapa penggera beban komputer yang disebabkan oleh suis antena yang tersisa dalam kedudukan yang salah, dan kesilapan turun sedikit, Armstrong mengambil kawalan penerbangan manual kira-kira 180 meter (590 kaki), dan menuntun Modul Lunar ke tempat pendaratan yang selamat pada 20 : 18: 04 UTC, 20 Julai 1969 (3:17:04 pm CDT). Manusia pertama di Bulan akan menunggu enam jam lagi sebelum mereka keluar dari kerajinan mereka. Pada jam 02:56 UTC, 21 Julai (9:56 pm CDT 20 Julai), Armstrong menjadi manusia pertama yang menginjakkan kaki di Bulan. <> Berapa lama perjalanan ke Bulan yang terakhir untuk kru Apollo 11? || tiga hari <> Modul Lunar Apollo 11 dinamakan selepas haiwan apa? || Eagle <> Siapa manusia pertama yang mengambil langkah pada Bulan? || Armstrong <> Pada masa di mana Bumi melakukan langkah pertama Armstrong ke Bulan? || 9:56 pm CDT 20 Julai", {"qas": [{"question": "How long did the trip to the Moon last for the crew of the Apollo 11?", "id": "56e107fecd28a01900c67473", "answers": [{"text": "three days", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Lunar Module of the Apollo 11 was named after what animal?", "id": "56e107fecd28a01900c67474", "answers": [{"text": "Eagle", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first human to take a step on the Moon?", "id": "56e107fecd28a01900c67475", "answers": [{"text": "Armstrong", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what time on Earth did Armstrong first step onto the Moon?", "id": "56e107fecd28a01900c67476", "answers": [{"text": "9:56 pm CDT July 20", "answer_start": 688}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The trip to the Moon took just over three days. After achieving orbit, Armstrong and Aldrin transferred into the Lunar Module, named Eagle, and after a landing gear inspection by Collins remaining in the Command/Service Module Columbia, began their descent. After overcoming several computer overload alarms caused by an antenna switch left in the wrong position, and a slight downrange error, Armstrong took over manual flight control at about 180 meters (590 ft), and guided the Lunar Module to a safe landing spot at 20:18:04 UTC, July 20, 1969 (3:17:04 pm CDT). The first humans on the Moon would wait another six hours before they ventured out of their craft. At 02:56 UTC, July 21 (9:56 pm CDT July 20), Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the Moon."}], ["Pada 21 Disember 1968, Frank Borman, James Lovell, dan William Anders menjadi manusia pertama yang menaiki roket Saturn V ke ruang angkasa di Apollo 8. Mereka juga menjadi yang pertama meninggalkan orbit bumi rendah dan pergi ke badan angkasa yang lain, dan memasuki orbit bulan pada 24 Disember. Mereka membuat sepuluh orbit dalam masa dua puluh jam, dan menyiarkan satu daripada siaran TV yang paling ditonton dalam sejarah, dengan program Krismas mereka dari orbit bulan, yang disimpulkan dengan bacaan dari Kitab Kejadian Alkitab. Dua setengah jam selepas siaran, mereka menembak enjin mereka untuk melakukan suntikan trans-Bumi pertama untuk meninggalkan orbit bulan dan kembali ke Bumi. Apollo 8 dengan selamat mendarat di lautan Pasifik pada 27 Disember, dalam fasa pertama dan pemulihan subuh NASA. <> Yang mana tiga orang yang pertama menaiki roket Saturnus V ke angkasa? || Frank Borman, James Lovell, dan William Anders <> Apa tarikh Frank Borman, James Lovell, dan William Anders meninggalkan Bumi dalam misi Apollo 8? || 21 Disember 1968 <> Semasa percutian apa, adalah siaran misi Apollo 8 dari orbit? || Hawa Krismas <> Di manakah laut yang melakukan tanah misi Apolo 8? || Pasifik", {"qas": [{"question": "Which three people were the first to ride the Saturn V rocket into space?", "id": "56e1063ecd28a01900c67453", "answers": [{"text": "Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What date did Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders leave Earth on the Apollo 8 mission?", "id": "56e1063ecd28a01900c67454", "answers": [{"text": "December 21, 1968", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what holiday, was the Apollo 8 mission broadcast from orbit?", "id": "56e1063ecd28a01900c67456", "answers": [{"text": "Christmas Eve", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which ocean did the Apolo 8 mission land in?", "id": "56e1063ecd28a01900c67457", "answers": [{"text": "Pacific", "answer_start": 676}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On December 21, 1968, Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders became the first humans to ride the Saturn V rocket into space on Apollo 8. They also became the first to leave low-Earth orbit and go to another celestial body, and entered lunar orbit on December 24. They made ten orbits in twenty hours, and transmitted one of the most watched TV broadcasts in history, with their Christmas Eve program from lunar orbit, that concluded with a reading from the biblical Book of Genesis. Two and a half hours after the broadcast, they fired their engine to perform the first trans-Earth injection to leave lunar orbit and return to the Earth. Apollo 8 safely landed in the Pacific ocean on December 27, in NASA's first dawn splashdown and recovery."}], ["Pendaratan pertama diikuti oleh pendaratan yang tepat pada Apollo 12 pada bulan November 1969. NASA telah mencapai matlamat pendaratan pertamanya dengan cukup kapal angkasa Apollo dan peluncur Saturn V yang tersisa untuk lapan pendaratan lunar selepas Apollo 20, menjalankan misi ketahanan dan mengangkut kru pendaratan di Lunar Roving Vehicles pada lima tahun lepas. Mereka juga merancang Program Aplikasi Apollo untuk membangunkan bengkel orbit Bumi yang lebih lama (kemudian dinamakan Skylab) untuk dibina di orbit dari peringkat atas S-IVB yang dibelanjakan, menggunakan beberapa pelancaran kenderaan pelancaran Saturn IB yang lebih kecil. Tetapi perancang tidak lama lagi membuat keputusan ini dapat dilakukan dengan lebih cekap dengan menggunakan dua tahap hidup Saturnus V untuk melancarkan bengkel yang dibuat dari S-IVB (yang juga peringkat ketiga Saturnus V), yang segera dikeluarkan Apollo 20. Belt Pemotongan bajet yang mengetatkan segera membawa NASA untuk memotong Apollo 18 dan 19 juga, tetapi mengekalkan tiga misi yang dilanjutkan / Lunar Rover. Apollo 13 menemui kegagalan kapal angkasa dalam penerbangan dan terpaksa menangguhkan pendaratan lunarnya pada bulan April 1970, kembali krew mereka dengan selamat tetapi buat sementara waktu meletakkan semula program itu. Ia dilanjutkan dengan empat pendaratan yang berjaya di Apollo 14 (Februari 1971), Apollo 15 (Julai 1971), Apollo 16 (April 1972), dan Apollo 17 (Disember 1972). <> Bilakah pendaratan kedua pada Bulan berjaya? || November 1969 <> Bilakah tanah misi Apollo 14 berjaya? || Februari 1971 <> Apollo 15 mendarat di Bulan pada tarikh apa? || Julai 1971 <> Pada tarikh apakah Apollo 16 berjaya mendarat di Bulan? || April 1972 <> Apollo 17 mendarat di Bulan pada tarikh mana? || Disember 1972", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the second landing on the Moon successful?", "id": "56e10a04cd28a01900c674a1", "answers": [{"text": "November 1969", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Apollo 14 mission land successfully?", "id": "56e10a04cd28a01900c674a2", "answers": [{"text": "February 1971", "answer_start": 1195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Apollo 15 landed on the Moon on what date?", "id": "56e10a04cd28a01900c674a3", "answers": [{"text": "July 1971", "answer_start": 1222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was the Apollo 16 successful on landing on the Moon?", "id": "56e10a04cd28a01900c674a4", "answers": [{"text": "April 1972", "answer_start": 1245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Apollo 17 landed on the Moon on which date?", "id": "56e10a04cd28a01900c674a5", "answers": [{"text": "December 1972", "answer_start": 1273}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first landing was followed by another, precision landing on Apollo 12 in November 1969. NASA had achieved its first landing goal with enough Apollo spacecraft and Saturn V launchers left for eight follow-on lunar landings through Apollo 20, conducting extended-endurance missions and transporting the landing crews in Lunar Roving Vehicles on the last five. They also planned an Apollo Applications Program to develop a longer-duration Earth orbital workshop (later named Skylab) to be constructed in orbit from a spent S-IVB upper stage, using several launches of the smaller Saturn IB launch vehicle. But planners soon decided this could be done more efficiently by using the two live stages of a Saturn V to launch the workshop pre-fabricated from an S-IVB (which was also the Saturn V third stage), which immediately removed Apollo 20. Belt-tightening budget cuts soon led NASA to cut Apollo 18 and 19 as well, but keep three extended/Lunar Rover missions. Apollo 13 encountered an in-flight spacecraft failure and had to abort its lunar landing in April 1970, returning its crew safely but temporarily grounding the program again. It resumed with four successful landings on Apollo 14 (February 1971), Apollo 15 (July 1971), Apollo 16 (April 1972), and Apollo 17 (December 1972)."}], ["Pada musim panas tahun 1968, program Apollo melanda satu lagi masalah: Modul Lunar yang diberi penarafan pertama (LM) tidak bersedia untuk ujian orbit pada masa pelancaran Disember 1968. Perancang NASA mengatasi cabaran ini dengan mengubah pesanan penerbangan misi, menunda penerbangan LM pertama sehingga Mac 1969, dan menghantar Apollo 8 ke orbit bulan tanpa LM pada bulan Disember. Misi ini sebahagiannya didorong oleh khabar angin perisikan bahawa Kesatuan Soviet mungkin bersedia untuk penerbangan Zond yang dijelajah pada akhir 1968. Pada bulan September 1968, Zond 5 membuat penerbangan berliku-liku dengan kura-kura di atas kapal dan kembali ke Bumi, mencapai pendaratan pertama air yang berjaya program angkasa Soviet di Lautan Hindi. Ia juga menakutkan perancang NASA, kerana ia mengambil masa beberapa hari untuk mengetahui bahawa ia hanya penerbangan automatik, tidak dipandu, kerana rakaman suara dihantar dari kerajinan ke Bulan. Pada 10 November 1968, satu lagi penerbangan ujian automatik, Zond 6 dilancarkan, tetapi kali ini mengalami kesulitan dalam penambahan bumi, dan menindih dan menggunakan parasutnya terlalu awal, menyebabkan ia jatuh ke tanah hanya 16 kilometer (9.9 mi) dari mana ia telah dilancarkan enam hari lebih awal. Ternyata tidak ada kemungkinan penerbangan circumlunar Soviet yang dipandu pada tahun 1968, disebabkan oleh kebolehpercayaan Zonds. <> Pendaratan pertama yang berjaya di Lautan Hindi oleh Soviet adalah ketika? || 1968 <> Apakah binatang yang dibawa ke atas Zond 5? || kura-kura <> Modul Lunar pertama telah ditangguhkan ke tarikh apa? || Mac 1969", {"qas": [{"question": "The first successful water landing in the Indian Ocean by the Soviets was was when?", "id": "56e10565e3433e1400422ade", "answers": [{"text": "1968", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What animal was carried aboard the  Zond 5?", "id": "56e10565e3433e1400422adf", "answers": [{"text": "tortoises", "answer_start": 552}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first Lunar Module was delayed to what date?", "id": "56e10565e3433e1400422ae0", "answers": [{"text": "March 1969", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the summer of 1968, the Apollo program hit another snag: the first pilot-rated Lunar Module (LM) was not ready for orbital tests in time for a December 1968 launch. NASA planners overcame this challenge by changing the mission flight order, delaying the first LM flight until March 1969, and sending Apollo 8 into lunar orbit without the LM in December. This mission was in part motivated by intelligence rumors the Soviet Union might be ready for a piloted Zond flight during late 1968. In September 1968, Zond 5 made a circumlunar flight with tortoises on board and returned to Earth, accomplishing the first successful water landing of the Soviet space program in the Indian Ocean. It also scared NASA planners, as it took them several days to figure out that it was only an automated flight, not piloted, because voice recordings were transmitted from the craft en route to the Moon. On November 10, 1968 another automated test flight, Zond 6 was launched, but this time encountered difficulties in its Earth reentry, and depressurized and deployed its parachute too early, causing it to crash-land only 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) from where it had been launched six days earlier. It turned out there was no chance of a piloted Soviet circumlunar flight during 1968, due to the unreliability of the Zonds."}], ["Sementara itu, USSR terus berusaha untuk menyempurnakan roket N1 mereka, akhirnya membatalkannya pada tahun 1976, selepas dua lagi kegagalan pelancaran pada tahun 1971 dan 1972. <Tahun manakah USSR membatalkan program roket N1 setelah dua kegagalan yang tidak dilancarkan? || 1976", {"qas": [{"question": "Which year did the USSR cancel the N1 rocket program after two failures that didn't launch?", "id": "56e10a3be3433e1400422b22", "answers": [{"text": "1976", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Meanwhile, the USSR continued briefly trying to perfect their N1 rocket, finally canceling it in 1976, after two more launch failures in 1971 and 1972."}], ["Pada bulan Mei 1972, Presiden Richard M. Nixon dan Perdana Menteri Soviet Leonid Brezhnev merundingkan pembubaran hubungan yang dikenali sebagai detente, mewujudkan \"cair\" sementara dalam Perang Dingin. Dengan semangat kesukanan yang baik, masa seolah-olah sesuai untuk kerjasama daripada persaingan, dan tanggapan tentang \"perlumbaan\" yang berterusan mula mereda. <> Yang mana dua pemimpin dunia mempunyai rundingan yang melepaskan Perang Dingin? || Richard M. Nixon dan Perdana Menteri Soviet Leonid Brezhnev <> Kapan Presiden Nixon dan Brezhnev dari USSR menamatkan Perang Dingin? || Mei 1972", {"qas": [{"question": "Which two world leaders had negotiations that relieved the Cold War?", "id": "56e11109cd28a01900c6753b", "answers": [{"text": "Richard M. Nixon and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did President Nixon and Brezhnev of the USSR end the Cold War?", "id": "56e11109cd28a01900c6753c", "answers": [{"text": "May 1972", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In May 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev negotiated an easing of relations known as detente, creating a temporary \"thaw\" in the Cold War. In the spirit of good sportsmanship, the time seemed right for cooperation rather than competition, and the notion of a continuing \"race\" began to subside."}], ["Misi bersama bermula ketika Soyuz 19 pertama kali dilancarkan pada 15 Julai 1975 pada 12:20 UTC, dan kraf Apollo dilancarkan dengan mod dok yang enam setengah jam kemudian. Kedua-dua kraf itu diperkenalkan dan berlabuh pada 17 Julai di 16:19 UTC. Ketiga-tiga angkasawan itu menjalankan eksperimen bersama dengan dua angkasawan, dan anak-anak kapal itu berjabat tangan, menukarkan hadiah, dan melawat kraf masing-masing. <> Soyuz 19 lepas dari Bumi pada tarikh apa? || 15 Julai 1975", {"qas": [{"question": "Soyuz 19 took off from Earth on what date?", "id": "56e111cecd28a01900c67543", "answers": [{"text": "July 15, 1975", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The joint mission began when Soyuz 19 was first launched on July 15, 1975 at 12:20 UTC, and the Apollo craft was launched with the docking module six and a half hours later. The two craft rendezvoused and docked on July 17 at 16:19 UTC. The three astronauts conducted joint experiments with the two cosmonauts, and the crew shook hands, exchanged gifts, and visited each other's craft."}], ["Keluarga roket Russia R-7, yang melancarkan Sputnik pertama pada permulaan perlumbaan angkasa, masih digunakan hari ini. Ia menyediakan Stesen Angkasa Antarabangsa (ISS) sebagai pelancar bagi kapal angkasa Soyuz dan Kemajuan. Ia juga feri kedua-dua krew Rusia dan Amerika ke dan dari stesen. <> Roket Rusia mana yang membawa penumpang ke dan dari Stesen Angkasa Antarabangsa? || Roket R-7", {"qas": [{"question": "Which Russian rocket carries passengers to and from the International Space Station?", "id": "56e11243e3433e1400422b9e", "answers": [{"text": "R-7 rocket", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Russian R-7 rocket family, which launched the first Sputnik at the beginning of the space race, is still in use today. It services the International Space Station (ISS) as the launcher for both the Soyuz and Progress spacecraft. It also ferries both Russian and American crews to and from the station."}], ["Keprihatinan Amerika bahawa mereka telah jatuh di belakang Kesatuan Soviet dalam perlumbaan ke ruang angkasa yang dipimpin dengan cepat untuk ditolak oleh legislator dan pendidik untuk penekanan lebih besar pada matematika dan sains fizikal di sekolah-sekolah Amerika. Akta Pendidikan Pertahanan Nasional Amerika 1958 meningkatkan pendanaan untuk matlamat ini dari pendidikan kanak-kanak melalui peringkat pascasarjana. <> Akta Pendidikan Pertahanan Nasional Amerika Syarikat ditubuhkan pada tahun berapa? || 1958", {"qas": [{"question": "The United States' National Defense Education Act was established in what year?", "id": "56e11280e3433e1400422ba0", "answers": [{"text": "1958", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "American concerns that they had fallen behind the Soviet Union in the race to space led quickly to a push by legislators and educators for greater emphasis on mathematics and the physical sciences in American schools. The United States' National Defense Education Act of 1958 increased funding for these goals from childhood education through the post-graduate level."}], ["Pada tahun 1970-an, Amerika Syarikat mula membangun generasi baharu kapal angkasa orbital yang boleh digunakan semula yang dikenali sebagai Shuttle Angkasa, dan melancarkan pelbagai probe tanpa pemandu. USSR terus mengembangkan teknologi stesen angkasa dengan program Salyut dan Mir ('Peace' atau 'Dunia', bergantung pada konteks) stesen angkasa, yang disokong oleh kapal angkasa Soyuz. Mereka membangunkan ruang angkasa besar mereka sendiri di bawah program Buran. Bagaimanapun, USSR dibubarkan pada tahun 1991 dan jenazah program angkasanya diedarkan kepada pelbagai negara di Eropah Timur. Amerika Syarikat dan Rusia akan bekerjasama dalam ruang dengan Program Shuttle-Mir, dan sekali lagi dengan Stesen Angkasa Antarabangsa. <> Berapa tahunkah USSR dibubarkan? || 1991", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did the USSR disband?", "id": "56e11222e3433e1400422b9a", "answers": [{"text": "1991", "answer_start": 447}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 1970s, the United States began developing a new generation of reusable orbital spacecraft known as the Space Shuttle, and launched a range of unmanned probes. The USSR continued to develop space station technology with the Salyut program and Mir ('Peace' or 'World', depending on the context) space station, supported by Soyuz spacecraft. They developed their own large space shuttle under the Buran program. However, the USSR dissolved in 1991 and the remains of its space program were distributed to various Eastern European countries. The United States and Russia would work together in space with the Shuttle\u2013Mir Program, and again with the International Space Station."}], ["Kedua-dua negara merancang misi bersama untuk mengangkut kraf AS Apollo terakhir dengan Soyuz, dikenali sebagai Projek Ujian Apollo-Soyuz (ASTP). Untuk mempersiapkan, AS mencipta modul dok untuk Apollo yang sesuai dengan sistem dok Soviet, yang membolehkan salah satu kerajinan mereka untuk berlabuh dengan mana-mana pihak lain (mis. Soyuz / Soyuz serta Soyuz / Salyut). Modul ini juga perlu sebagai airlock untuk membolehkan para lelaki untuk melawat kraf masing-masing, yang mempunyai atmosfera kabin yang tidak sesuai. USSR menggunakan misi Soyuz 16 pada bulan Disember 1974 untuk mempersiapkan ASTP. <> ASTP bermaksud apa? || Projek Ujian Apollo-Soyuz <> Yang misi Soyuz pada bulan Disember 1974 digunakan untuk ASTP? || 16", {"qas": [{"question": "ASTP stands for what?", "id": "56e11166cd28a01900c6753f", "answers": [{"text": "Apollo-Soyuz Test Project", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Soyuz mission in December 1974 was to be used for the ASTP?", "id": "56e11166cd28a01900c67540", "answers": [{"text": "16", "answer_start": 502}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The two nations planned a joint mission to dock the last US Apollo craft with a Soyuz, known as the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). To prepare, the US designed a docking module for the Apollo that was compatible with the Soviet docking system, which allowed any of their craft to dock with any other (e.g. Soyuz/Soyuz as well as Soyuz/Salyut). The module was also necessary as an airlock to allow the men to visit each other's craft, which had incompatible cabin atmospheres. The USSR used the Soyuz 16 mission in December 1974 to prepare for ASTP."}], ["Amerika Syarikat melancarkan workstation orbital Skylab 1 pada 14 Mei 1973. Ia menimbang 169,950 pound (77,090 kg), adalah 58 meter (18 m) panjang dengan garis pusat 21.7 kaki (6.6 m), dengan jumlah penduduk 10,000 kaki kubik (280 m3). Skylab rosak semasa pendakian ke orbit, kehilangan salah satu panel suria dan perisai haba meteoroid. Misi yang diurus semula kemudiannya membaiki stesen itu, dan kru misi terakhir, Skylab 4, menetapkan rekod ketahanan Angkasa Space dengan 84 hari di orbit ketika misi berakhir pada 8 Februari 1974. Skylab tinggal di orbit lima tahun lagi sebelum memasuki atmosfer bumi Lautan Hindi dan Australia Barat pada 11 Julai 1979. <> Skylab 1 dilancarkan pada tarikh tersebut? || 14 Mei 1973 <> Berapakah beratnya Skylab 1? || 169,950 pound <> Bilakah Skylab 1 akhirnya kembali ke Bumi? || 11 Julai 1979", {"qas": [{"question": "The Skylab 1 was launched on which date?", "id": "56e1108ce3433e1400422b7c", "answers": [{"text": "May 14, 1973", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did the Skylab 1 weigh?", "id": "56e1108ce3433e1400422b7d", "answers": [{"text": "169,950 pounds", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Skylab 1 finally come back to Earth?", "id": "56e1108ce3433e1400422b7f", "answers": [{"text": "July 11, 1979", "answer_start": 660}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The United States launched the orbital workstation Skylab 1 on May 14, 1973. It weighed 169,950 pounds (77,090 kg), was 58 feet (18 m) long by 21.7 feet (6.6 m) in diameter, with a habitable volume of 10,000 cubic feet (280 m3). Skylab was damaged during the ascent to orbit, losing one of its solar panels and a meteoroid thermal shield. Subsequent manned missions repaired the station, and the final mission's crew, Skylab 4, set the Space Race endurance record with 84 days in orbit when the mission ended on February 8, 1974. Skylab stayed in orbit another five years before reentering the Earth's atmosphere over the Indian Ocean and Western Australia on July 11, 1979."}], ["Orbit Salyut 1 telah meningkat untuk mengelakkan kemasukan semula pramatang, namun penerbangan lanjut yang ditarik balik ditunda sementara Soyuz telah direka bentuk semula untuk memperbaiki masalah keselamatan yang baru. Stesen ini memasuki suasana bumi pada 11 Oktober, selepas 175 hari di orbit. USSR cuba melancarkan stesen bertaraf Salyut yang kedua yang ditunjuk Durable Orbital Station-2 (DOS-2) pada 29 Julai 1972, tetapi kegagalan roket menyebabkan ia gagal mencapai orbit. Selepas kegagalan DOS-2, USSR cuba melancarkan empat lagi stesen kelas Salyut menjelang tahun 1975, dengan kegagalan lain disebabkan oleh letupan peringkat roket akhir, yang meranapkan stesen dengan serpihan supaya ia tidak akan memegang tekanan. Walaupun semua Salut dipersembahkan kepada orang awam sebagai makmal saintifik bukan militari, sesetengahnya sebenarnya merangkumi stesen pengintai Almaz tentera. <> Stesen, Salyut 1, kembali ke Bumi pada tarikh mana? || 11 Oktober <> Berapa lama stesen, Salyut 1, tinggal di orbit? || 175 hari <> Kenapa Orbital Station 2-Tahan Lama tidak mencapai orbit? || kegagalan roket", {"qas": [{"question": "The station, Salyut 1, came back to Earth on which date?", "id": "56e10ff6e3433e1400422b70", "answers": [{"text": "October 11", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did the station, Salyut 1, stay in orbit?", "id": "56e10ff6e3433e1400422b71", "answers": [{"text": "175 days", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did The Durable Orbital Station-2 not reach orbit?", "id": "56e10ff6e3433e1400422b72", "answers": [{"text": "rocket failure", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Salyut 1's orbit was increased to prevent premature reentry, but further piloted flights were delayed while the Soyuz was redesigned to fix the new safety problem. The station re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on October 11, after 175 days in orbit. The USSR attempted to launch a second Salyut-class station designated Durable Orbital Station-2 (DOS-2) on July 29, 1972, but a rocket failure caused it to fail to achieve orbit. After the DOS-2 failure, the USSR attempted to launch four more Salyut-class stations through 1975, with another failure due to an explosion of the final rocket stage, which punctured the station with shrapnel so that it wouldn't hold pressure. While all of the Salyuts were presented to the public as non-military scientific laboratories, some of them were actually covers for the military Almaz reconnaissance stations."}], ["Setelah kehilangan perlumbaan ke Bulan, USSR memutuskan untuk menumpukan perhatian kepada stesen angkasa orbit. Semasa 1969 dan 1970, mereka melancarkan enam lagi penerbangan Soyuz selepas Soyuz 3, kemudian melancarkan stesen angkasa pertama, makmal Salyut 1 yang direka oleh Kerim Kerimov, pada 19 April 1971. Tiga hari kemudian, anak kapal Soyuz 10 cuba berlabuh dengannya , tetapi gagal mencapai sambungan yang selamat untuk memasuki stesen dengan selamat. Para kru Soyuz 11 Vladislav Volkov, Georgi Dobrovolski dan Viktor Patsayev berjaya berlabuh pada 7 Jun, dan menyelesaikan rekod 22 hari. Para kru menjadi mangsa kematian dalam penerbangan kedua ketika mereka masuk semula pada 30 Jun. Mereka asphyxiated apabila kabin kapal angkasa mereka kehilangan semua tekanan, tidak lama selepas undocking. Bencana itu dipersalahkan pada injap tekanan kabin yang rosak, yang membenarkan semua udara melepaskan diri ke ruang angkasa. Krew tidak memakai jas tekanan dan tidak mempunyai peluang untuk terus hidup apabila kebocoran berlaku. <> USSR melancarkan stesen angkasa pertama mereka pada tarikh apa? || 19 April 1971 <> Siapa yang membentuk kru Soyuz 11? || Vladislav Volkov, Georgi Dobrovolski dan Viktor Patsayev", {"qas": [{"question": "The USSR launched their first space station on what date?", "id": "56e10bf4cd28a01900c674c3", "answers": [{"text": "April 19, 1971", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who made up the crew of the Soyuz 11?", "id": "56e10bf4cd28a01900c674c4", "answers": [{"text": "Vladislav Volkov, Georgi Dobrovolski and Viktor Patsayev", "answer_start": 438}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Having lost the race to the Moon, the USSR decided to concentrate on orbital space stations. During 1969 and 1970, they launched six more Soyuz flights after Soyuz 3, then launched the first space station, the Salyut 1 laboratory designed by Kerim Kerimov, on April 19, 1971. Three days later, the Soyuz 10 crew attempted to dock with it, but failed to achieve a secure enough connection to safely enter the station. The Soyuz 11 crew of Vladislav Volkov, Georgi Dobrovolski and Viktor Patsayev successfully docked on June 7, and completed a record 22-day stay. The crew became the second in-flight space fatality during their reentry on June 30. They were asphyxiated when their spacecraft's cabin lost all pressure, shortly after undocking. The disaster was blamed on a faulty cabin pressure valve, that allowed all the air to vent into space. The crew was not wearing pressure suits and had no chance of survival once the leak occurred."}]], [["Safari Apple mempunyai pelancaran beta pertamanya pada Januari 2003; pada April 2011, ia mempunyai bahagian dominan pelayaran web berasaskan Apple, yang menyumbang lebih dari 7% daripada keseluruhan pasaran pelayar. <> Bilakah pelepasan beta pertama untuk Safari? || Januari 2003 <> Siapa yang membuat Safari? || Apple <> Kapan Apple diasaskan? || <> Bilakah web pelayar menjadi aktif? || <> Bilakah pasaran pelayar menjadi dominan dalam perisian? || <> Berapa banyak perisian yang dikeluarkan oleh Safari pada bulan Januari 2003? || <> Bilakah seluruh pasaran pelayar memulakan pelepasan perisian beta? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the first beta release for Safari?", "id": "56e0cc407aa994140058e711", "answers": [{"text": "January 2003", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created Safari?", "id": "56e0cc407aa994140058e712", "answers": [{"text": "Apple", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "January 2003", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "When was Apple founded?", "id": "5a4d37147a6c4c001a2bbc52", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "January 2003", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "When did web browsers become active?", "id": "5a4d37147a6c4c001a2bbc53", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "as of April 2011", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "When did the browser market become dominant in software?", "id": "5a4d37147a6c4c001a2bbc54", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "just over 7%", "answer_start": 145}], "question": "How much software was released by Safari in January 2003?", "id": "5a4d37147a6c4c001a2bbc55", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "January 2003", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "When did the entire browser market begin beta release of software?", "id": "5a4d37147a6c4c001a2bbc56", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Apple's Safari had its first beta release in January 2003; as of April 2011, it had a dominant share of Apple-based web browsing, accounting for just over 7% of the entire browser market."}], ["Microsoft bertindak balas dengan Internet Explorer pada tahun 1995, juga sangat dipengaruhi oleh Mosaic, yang memulakan perang pelayar pertama di industri ini. Dibundel dengan Windows, Internet Explorer mendapat dominasi di pasaran pelayar web; Pengambilan penggunaan Internet Explorer memuncak pada lebih dari 95% pada tahun 2002. <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan pelayar Internet Explorer? || Microsoft <> Bilakah Microsoft melepaskan Internet Explorer? || 1995 <> Pembebasan Internet Explorer memulakan apa yang pertama? || perang pelayar <> Apa yang digabungkan dengan Internet Explorer? || Windows <> Bilakah Microsoft melepaskan Mosaic? || <> Apa yang dibebaskan oleh Microsoft terhadap penyebab Mosaic? || <> Apakah Mosaic dibundel dengan? || <> Apa keuntungan Mosaic selepas ia dibebaskan oleh Microsoft? || <> Dengan apa peratusan yang digunakan oleh Mosaic pada tahun 1995? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who released the Internet Explorer browser?", "id": "56e0cae4231d4119001ac3a1", "answers": [{"text": "Microsoft", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Microsoft release Internet Explorer?", "id": "56e0cae4231d4119001ac3a2", "answers": [{"text": "1995", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The release of Internet Explorer started the first what?", "id": "56e0cae4231d4119001ac3a3", "answers": [{"text": "browser war", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was bundled with Internet Explorer?", "id": "56e0cae4231d4119001ac3a4", "answers": [{"text": "Windows", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1995", "answer_start": 50}], "question": "When did Microsoft release Mosaic?", "id": "5a4d33057a6c4c001a2bbc34", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the industry's first browser war", "answer_start": 102}], "question": "What did Microsoft releasing Mosaic cause?", "id": "5a4d33057a6c4c001a2bbc35", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Windows", "answer_start": 149}], "question": "What was Mosaic bundled with?", "id": "5a4d33057a6c4c001a2bbc36", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dominance in the web browser market", "answer_start": 183}], "question": "What did Mosaic gain after it was released by Microsoft?", "id": "5a4d33057a6c4c001a2bbc37", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "over 95%", "answer_start": 260}], "question": "By what percentage was Mosaic being used in 1995?", "id": "5a4d33057a6c4c001a2bbc38", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Microsoft responded with its Internet Explorer in 1995, also heavily influenced by Mosaic, initiating the industry's first browser war. Bundled with Windows, Internet Explorer gained dominance in the web browser market; Internet Explorer usage share peaked at over 95% by 2002."}], ["Walaupun penyemak imbas terutamanya bertujuan untuk menggunakan World Wide Web, mereka juga boleh digunakan untuk mengakses maklumat yang disediakan oleh pelayan web dalam rangkaian peribadi atau fail dalam sistem fail. <> Fungsi utama pelayar adalah untuk menggunakan apa? || World Wide Web <> Sebagai tambahan kepada mengakses Internet, pelayar juga boleh mengakses maklumat yang ditempatkan di sana oleh server web dalam apa? || rangkaian peribadi <> Penyemak imbas juga boleh mengakses fail di mana? || sistem fail <> Apa yang boleh diakses maklumat apabila digunakan? || <> Apakah rangkaian peribadi yang dimaksudkan untuk digunakan? || <> Di mana pelayar berada? || <> Di mana penyemak imbas supaya anda boleh menemuinya kemudian? || <> Fungsi utama sistem fail adalah menggunakan apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The primary function of a browser is to use what?", "id": "56e0c956231d4119001ac391", "answers": [{"text": "the World Wide Web", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to accessing the Internet, browsers can also access info that is put there by web servers in what?", "id": "56e0c956231d4119001ac392", "answers": [{"text": "private networks", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A browser can also access files where?", "id": "56e0c956231d4119001ac393", "answers": [{"text": "file systems", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "file systems", "answer_start": 168}], "question": "What can information access when used?", "id": "5a4d2f747a6c4c001a2bbc16", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the World Wide Web", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "What are private networks primarily intended to use?", "id": "5a4d2f747a6c4c001a2bbc17", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in private networks", "answer_start": 136}], "question": "Where are browsers located?", "id": "5a4d2f747a6c4c001a2bbc18", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in file systems", "answer_start": 165}], "question": "Where is a browser so you are able to find it later?", "id": "5a4d2f747a6c4c001a2bbc19", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the World Wide Web", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "The primary function of file systems is to use what?", "id": "5a4d2f747a6c4c001a2bbc1a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web, they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems."}], ["Penyemak imbas web pertama dicipta pada tahun 1990 oleh Sir Tim Berners-Lee. Berners-Lee adalah pengarah World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), yang menyelia pembangunan berterusan Web, dan juga pengasas World Wide Web Foundation. Penyemak imbasnya dipanggil WorldWideWeb dan kemudian dinamakan semula Nexus. <> Kapan penyemak imbas pertama dibuat? || 1990 <> Siapa yang mencipta pelayar pertama? || Sir Tim Berners-Lee <> Apakah Berners-Lee seorang pengarah? || World Wide Web Consortium <> Organisasi apa yang dibuat oleh Berners-Lee? || Yayasan Web Wide World <> Bilakah Sir Tim Berners Le mencipta WWW? || <> Apa yang kemudian ditukar nama W3C? || <> Apa yang ditadbir WordWideweb? || <> Kumpulan apa yang dimulakan oleh Nexus? || <> Apa yang telah dibuat oleh Nexus pada tahun 1990? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the first browser created?", "id": "56e0c9b7231d4119001ac397", "answers": [{"text": "1990", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who invented the first browser?", "id": "56e0c9b7231d4119001ac398", "answers": [{"text": "Sir Tim Berners-Lee", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Berners-Lee a director of?", "id": "56e0c9b7231d4119001ac399", "answers": [{"text": "the World Wide Web Consortium", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization did Berners-Lee create?", "id": "56e0c9b7231d4119001ac39b", "answers": [{"text": "World Wide Web Foundation", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1990", "answer_start": 38}], "question": "When did Sir Tim Berners Le invent the WWW?", "id": "5a4d305c7a6c4c001a2bbc20", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nexus", "answer_start": 295}], "question": "What was the W3C later renamed?", "id": "5a4d305c7a6c4c001a2bbc21", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Web's continued development", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "What does WordWideweb oversee?", "id": "5a4d305c7a6c4c001a2bbc22", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the World Wide Web Foundation", "answer_start": 210}], "question": "What group did Nexus start?", "id": "5a4d305c7a6c4c001a2bbc23", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The first web browser", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What did Nexus invent in 1990?", "id": "5a4d305c7a6c4c001a2bbc24", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The first web browser was invented in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee. Berners-Lee is the director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which oversees the Web's continued development, and is also the founder of the World Wide Web Foundation. His browser was called WorldWideWeb and later renamed Nexus."}], ["Opera memulakan kerjaya pada tahun 1996; ia tidak pernah mencapai penggunaan yang meluas, yang mempunyai penggunaan penggunaan pelayar kurang daripada 2% pada Februari 2012 mengikut Aplikasi Bersih. Versi Opera-mininya mempunyai bahagian tambahan, pada bulan April 2011 berjumlah 1.1% daripada keseluruhan penggunaan penyemak imbas, tetapi memberi tumpuan kepada pasaran pelayar web telefon mudah alih yang sedang berkembang pesat, yang diprapasang pada lebih daripada 40 juta telefon. Ia juga boleh didapati di beberapa sistem tertanam yang lain, termasuk konsol permainan video Wii Nintendo. <> Opera diperkenalkan pada tahun berapa? || 1996 <> Apa yang menyumbang 1.1% penggunaan pelayar pada bulan April 2011? || Versi Opera-mini <> Opera memberi tumpuan kepada pasaran yang semakin cepat berkembang? || penyemak imbas web telefon bimbit <> Opera juga boleh didapati di mana konsol permainan video? || Wii Nintendo <> Apa program yang memulakan kerjaya pada bulan Februari 2012? || <> Bilakah Nintendo Wii diperkenalkan? || <> Apa pasaran Nintendo memberi tumpuan kepada memperluaskan penggunaannya? || <> Bagaimana penggunaan Nintendo Wii telah ditunjukkan dari masa ke masa? || <> Berapa banyak konsol permainan yang telah dijual oleh Nintendo? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Opera was introduced in what year?", "id": "56e0cb867aa994140058e6fd", "answers": [{"text": "1996", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What accounted for 1.1% of browser use in April 2011?", "id": "56e0cb867aa994140058e6ff", "answers": [{"text": "Opera-mini version", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Opera focused on which quickly growing market?", "id": "56e0cb867aa994140058e700", "answers": [{"text": "mobile phone web browser", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Opera is also available on which video game console?", "id": "56e0cb867aa994140058e701", "answers": [{"text": "Nintendo's Wii", "answer_start": 431}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Opera", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What program debuted in February 2012?", "id": "5a4d341a7a6c4c001a2bbc3e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in 1996", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "When was the Nintendo Wii introduced?", "id": "5a4d341a7a6c4c001a2bbc3f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the fast-growing mobile phone web browser market", "answer_start": 269}], "question": "What market did Nintendo focus on to expand its use?", "id": "5a4d341a7a6c4c001a2bbc40", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "it has never achieved widespread use", "answer_start": 23}], "question": "How has usage of the Nintendo Wii been shown over time?", "id": "5a4d341a7a6c4c001a2bbc41", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "over 40 million", "answer_start": 341}], "question": "How many game consoles has Nintendo sold?", "id": "5a4d341a7a6c4c001a2bbc42", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Opera debuted in 1996; it has never achieved widespread use, having less than 2% browser usage share as of February 2012 according to Net Applications. Its Opera-mini version has an additive share, in April 2011 amounting to 1.1% of overall browser use, but focused on the fast-growing mobile phone web browser market, being preinstalled on over 40 million phones. It is also available on several other embedded systems, including Nintendo's Wii video game console."}], ["Pelayar web (biasanya dirujuk sebagai penyemak imbas) adalah aplikasi perisian untuk mendapatkan semula, menyampaikan, dan melintasi sumber maklumat di World Wide Web. Sumber maklumat dikenal pasti oleh Pengenal Sumber Uniform (URI / URL) dan boleh menjadi halaman web, imej, video atau kandungan lain. Hyperlink yang terdapat di sumber membolehkan pengguna mudah menavigasi penyemak imbas mereka kepada sumber yang berkaitan. <> Apa yang orang biasanya memanggil penyemak imbas web? || pelayar <> Platform apa yang digunakan pelayar? || World Wide Web <> Apa maksud URL? || Pengenal Sumber Uniform <> Apa yang membolehkan seseorang mengarahkan penyemak imbas mereka ke sumber? || Hyperlinks <> Apakah definisi World Wide Web? || <> Apa yang membantu mengenal pasti WWW? || <> Apa contoh WWW? || <> Apakah kandungan dalam aplikasi membantu pengguna lakukan? || <> Apakah sesuatu yang mengenal pasti bagaimana video dimainkan dalam aplikasi perisian? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What do people typically call a web browser?", "id": "56e0c8ed7aa994140058e6e9", "answers": [{"text": "browser", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What platform is a browser used on?", "id": "56e0c8ed7aa994140058e6ea", "answers": [{"text": "World Wide Web", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does URL mean?", "id": "56e0c8ed7aa994140058e6eb", "answers": [{"text": "Uniform Resource Identifier", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What allows a person to direct their browser to a resource?", "id": "56e0c8ed7aa994140058e6ed", "answers": [{"text": "Hyperlinks", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources", "answer_start": 53}], "question": "What is the definition of the World Wide Web?", "id": "5a4d2cb47a6c4c001a2bbc0c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI/URL)", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "What helps identify the WWW?", "id": "5a4d2cb47a6c4c001a2bbc0d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a web page, image, video or other piece of content", "answer_start": 256}], "question": "What are examples of the WWW?", "id": "5a4d2cb47a6c4c001a2bbc0e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "easily to navigate their browsers to related resources", "answer_start": 353}], "question": "What does content present in applications help users do?", "id": "5a4d2cb47a6c4c001a2bbc0f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Uniform Resource Identifier (URI/URL)", "answer_start": 207}], "question": "What is something that identifies how a video plays in a software application?", "id": "5a4d2cb47a6c4c001a2bbc10", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI/URL) and may be a web page, image, video or other piece of content. Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources."}], ["Sebaliknya, Internet Explorer dibundel dengan sistem operasi Windows (dan juga boleh didownload percuma), oleh itu ia dibiayai sebahagiannya oleh penjualan Windows kepada pengeluar komputer dan terus kepada pengguna. Internet Explorer juga digunakan untuk Mac. Kemungkinan besar bahawa melepaskan IE untuk Mac adalah sebahagian daripada strategi keseluruhan Microsoft untuk memerangi ancaman terhadap dominasi platform quasi-monopoli - ancaman seperti standard web dan Java - dengan membuat beberapa pemaju web, atau sekurang-kurangnya pengurus mereka, mengandaikan bahawa terdapat \"tidak perlu\" untuk berkembang untuk apa-apa selain Internet Explorer. Dalam hal ini, IE mungkin telah menyumbang kepada jualan aplikasi Windows dan Microsoft dengan cara yang lain, melalui \"lock-in\" ke pelayar Microsoft. <> Apa yang dibundel secara percuma dengan Windows OS? || Internet Explorer <> Internet Explorer sebahagiannya dibiayai dalam dua cara? || jualan Windows ke pengeluar komputer dan terus kepada pengguna <> Apa OS lain yang boleh menggunakan Internet Explorer? || Mac <> Apa program dibundel percuma dengan Java? || <> Apa yang membantu sebahagiannya membiayai Java? || <> Untuk apa OS adalah Java yang dahulunya tersedia? || <> Mengapa Java tersedia untuk Mac? || <> Dalam apa cara lain apakah Java menyumbang kepada Windows dan jualan aplikasi Microsoft? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was bundled for free with the Windows OS?", "id": "56e0cdc37aa994140058e721", "answers": [{"text": "Internet Explorer", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Internet Explorer was partially funded in what two ways?", "id": "56e0cdc37aa994140058e722", "answers": [{"text": "sales of Windows to computer manufacturers and direct to users", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other OS could use Internet Explorer?", "id": "56e0cdc37aa994140058e723", "answers": [{"text": "Mac", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Internet Explorer", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What program was bundled free with Java?", "id": "5a4d39a27a6c4c001a2bbc66", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the sales of Windows to computer manufacturers and direct to users", "answer_start": 161}], "question": "What helped to partly fund Java?", "id": "5a4d39a27a6c4c001a2bbc67", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Mac", "answer_start": 277}], "question": "For what OS was Java formerly available for?", "id": "5a4d39a27a6c4c001a2bbc68", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "was part of Microsoft's overall strategy to fight threats to its quasi-monopoly platform dominance", "answer_start": 329}], "question": "Why was Java available for the Mac?", "id": "5a4d39a27a6c4c001a2bbc69", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "through \"lock-in\" to Microsoft's browser", "answer_start": 717}], "question": "In what other way did Java contribute to Windows and Microsoft application sales?", "id": "5a4d39a27a6c4c001a2bbc6a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Internet Explorer, on the other hand, was bundled free with the Windows operating system (and was also downloadable free), and therefore it was funded partly by the sales of Windows to computer manufacturers and direct to users. Internet Explorer also used to be available for the Mac. It is likely that releasing IE for the Mac was part of Microsoft's overall strategy to fight threats to its quasi-monopoly platform dominance - threats such as web standards and Java - by making some web developers, or at least their managers, assume that there was \"no need\" to develop for anything other than Internet Explorer. In this respect, IE may have contributed to Windows and Microsoft applications sales in another way, through \"lock-in\" to Microsoft's browser."}], ["Pada tahun 1998, Netscape melancarkan apa yang menjadi Yayasan Mozilla dalam usaha untuk menghasilkan pelayar yang kompetitif menggunakan model perisian sumber terbuka. Penyemak imbas itu akhirnya berubah menjadi Firefox, yang membangunkan penghormatan yang sewajarnya semasa masih dalam tahap beta pembangunan; sejurus selepas pelepasan Firefox 1.0 pada akhir 2004, Firefox (semua versi) menyumbang 7% penggunaan penyemak imbas. Sehingga Ogos 2011, Firefox mempunyai bahagian penggunaan sebanyak 28%. <> Apa yang dilancarkan Netscape pada tahun 1998? || Mozilla Foundation <> Netscape mahu mempunyai penyemak imbas yang kompetitif menggunakan apa? || model perisian sumber terbuka <> Apakah pelayar yang dihasilkan untuk Yayasan Mozilla? || Firefox <> Bilakah Firefox dibebaskan? || 2004 terlambat <> Apa yang dilancarkan Firefox pada tahun 1998? || <> Berapa banyak bahagian penggunaan Netscape pada tahun 1998? || <> Pada titik apakah perisian open source mendapat populariti? || <> Model perisian apa yang dikeluarkan pada tahun 1998? || <> Sebanyak peratus daripada model sumber terbuka yang dilakukan Netscape tidak lama selepas pelepasan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What did Netscape launch in 1998?", "id": "56e0cbfe7aa994140058e707", "answers": [{"text": "Mozilla Foundation", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Netscape wanted to have a competitive browser using what?", "id": "56e0cbfe7aa994140058e708", "answers": [{"text": "open source software model", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the resulting browser for the Mozilla Foundation?", "id": "56e0cbfe7aa994140058e709", "answers": [{"text": "Firefox", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Firefox released?", "id": "56e0cbfe7aa994140058e70a", "answers": [{"text": "late 2004", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Mozilla Foundation", "answer_start": 46}], "question": "What did Firefox launch in 1998?", "id": "5a4d35d47a6c4c001a2bbc48", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "28%", "answer_start": 435}], "question": "How much usage share did Netscape have in 1998?", "id": "5a4d35d47a6c4c001a2bbc49", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "while still in the beta stage of development", "answer_start": 245}], "question": "At what point did open source software gain popularity?", "id": "5a4d35d47a6c4c001a2bbc4a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Firefox 1.0", "answer_start": 320}], "question": "What software model was released in 1998?", "id": "5a4d35d47a6c4c001a2bbc4b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "7%", "answer_start": 383}], "question": "What percentage of the open source model did Netscape have shortly after release?", "id": "5a4d35d47a6c4c001a2bbc4c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1998, Netscape launched what was to become the Mozilla Foundation in an attempt to produce a competitive browser using the open source software model. That browser would eventually evolve into Firefox, which developed a respectable following while still in the beta stage of development; shortly after the release of Firefox 1.0 in late 2004, Firefox (all versions) accounted for 7% of browser use. As of August 2011, Firefox has a 28% usage share."}], ["Peserta utama yang paling baru ke pasaran penyemak imbas adalah Chrome, yang pertama dikeluarkan pada bulan September 2008. Pengambilan Chrome telah meningkat dengan ketara setiap tahun, dengan menggandakan bahagian penggunaannya dari 8% hingga 16% menjelang Ogos 2011. Peningkatan ini kelihatannya sebahagian besarnya dengan mengorbankan Internet Explorer, yang bahagiannya cenderung berkurangan dari bulan ke bulan. Pada bulan Disember 2011, Chrome mengatasi Internet Explorer 8 sebagai pelayar web yang paling banyak digunakan tetapi masih mempunyai penggunaan yang lebih rendah daripada semua versi gabungan Internet Explorer. Pangkalan pengguna Chrome terus berkembang dan pada bulan Mei 2012, penggunaan Chrome melepasi penggunaan semua versi gabungan Internet Explorer. Menjelang April 2014, penggunaan Chrome telah mencapai 45%. <> Penyemak imbas mana yang terbaru untuk memasuki bidang? || Chrome <> Bilakah Chrome dikeluarkan? || September 2008 <> Apabila penggunaan Chrome bertambah, penggunaan pelayar terus menurun? || Internet Explorer <> Bilakah Chrome menjadi lebih digunakan daripada semua versi Internet Explorer? || Mei 2012 <> Dalam tahun apakah Internet Explorer dikeluarkan? || <> Dengan berapa IE lakukan dua kali ganda penggunaannya? || <> Bilakah Internet Explorer 8 mengatasi Chrome sebagai penyemak imbas yang lebih popular? || <> Apakah peningkatan IE dalam peratusan penggunaan pada bulan Ogos 2011? || <> Bilakah penggunaan IE melebihi semua versi Chrome yang digabungkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which browser is the newest to enter the field?", "id": "56e0ccb3231d4119001ac3b5", "answers": [{"text": "Chrome", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Chrome released?", "id": "56e0ccb3231d4119001ac3b6", "answers": [{"text": "September 2008", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As Chrome usage increases, which browser usage has continued to decrease?", "id": "56e0ccb3231d4119001ac3b7", "answers": [{"text": "Internet Explorer", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Chrome become more used than all versions of Internet Explorer?", "id": "56e0ccb3231d4119001ac3b8", "answers": [{"text": "May 2012", "answer_start": 551}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "September 2008", "answer_start": 81}], "question": "In what year was Internet Explorer released?", "id": "5a4d38437a6c4c001a2bbc5c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "from 8% to 16%", "answer_start": 184}], "question": "By how much did IE double its usage share?", "id": "5a4d38437a6c4c001a2bbc5d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December 2011", "answer_start": 345}], "question": "When did Internet Explorer 8 overtake Chrome as the more popular browser?", "id": "5a4d38437a6c4c001a2bbc5e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "45%", "answer_start": 678}], "question": "What was IE's increase in usage percentage in August 2011?", "id": "5a4d38437a6c4c001a2bbc5f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in May 2012", "answer_start": 548}], "question": "When did the usage of IE surpass all versions of Chrome combined?", "id": "5a4d38437a6c4c001a2bbc60", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The most recent major entrant to the browser market is Chrome, first released in September 2008. Chrome's take-up has increased significantly year by year, by doubling its usage share from 8% to 16% by August 2011. This increase seems largely to be at the expense of Internet Explorer, whose share has tended to decrease from month to month. In December 2011, Chrome overtook Internet Explorer 8 as the most widely used web browser but still had lower usage than all versions of Internet Explorer combined. Chrome's user-base continued to grow and in May 2012, Chrome's usage passed the usage of all versions of Internet Explorer combined. By April 2014, Chrome's usage had hit 45%."}], ["Pada tahun 1993, perisian penyemak imbas telah diperkenalkan lagi oleh Marc Andreessen dengan pembebasan Mosaic, \"pelayar popular pertama di dunia\", yang menjadikan sistem World Wide Web mudah digunakan dan lebih mudah diakses oleh orang biasa. Pelayar Andreesen mencetuskan boom internet pada tahun 1990-an. Pengenalan Mosaic pada tahun 1993 - salah satu penyemak imbas web grafik pertama - membawa kepada letupan dalam penggunaan web. Andreessen, ketua pasukan Mosaic di National Center for Applications Supercomputing (NCSA), tidak lama lagi memulakan syarikatnya sendiri, bernama Netscape, dan melepaskan Netscape Navigator yang dipengaruhi oleh Mosaic pada tahun 1994, yang dengan cepat menjadi penyemak imbas paling popular di dunia, menyumbang 90 % semua penggunaan web pada puncaknya (lihat bahagian penggunaan penyemak imbas web). <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan Mosaic? || Marc Andreessen <> Bilakah Mosaic dibebaskan? || 1993 <> Ketika Andreessen meninggalkan perusahaan yang ia kerjakan, apa perusahaan baru yang dimilikinya? || Netscape <> Pelayar apa yang dibebaskan Andreessen pada tahun 1994? || Netscape Navigator <> Apa yang dibebaskan oleh World Wide Web pada tahun 1990-an? || <> Apakah pelepasan Mosaic pada tahun 1994 oleh NCSA mengetuai? || <> Syarikat apa yang dimulakan oleh Mosaic? || <> Bilakah NCSA Navigator dikeluarkan oleh Mosaic? || <> Sebanyak peratus penggunaan web Mosaic pada puncaknya pada tahun 1993? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who released Mosaic?", "id": "56e0ca827aa994140058e6f3", "answers": [{"text": "Marc Andreessen", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Mosaic released?", "id": "56e0ca827aa994140058e6f4", "answers": [{"text": "1993", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When Andreessen left the company he worked for, what new company did he start?", "id": "56e0ca827aa994140058e6f5", "answers": [{"text": "Netscape", "answer_start": 532}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What browser did Andreessen release in 1994?", "id": "56e0ca827aa994140058e6f6", "answers": [{"text": "Netscape Navigator", "answer_start": 577}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mosaic", "answer_start": 87}], "question": "What did the World Wide Web help release in the 1990's?", "id": "5a4d32477a6c4c001a2bbc2a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "led to an explosion in web use", "answer_start": 363}], "question": "What did the release of Mosaic in 1994 by NCSA lead to?", "id": "5a4d32477a6c4c001a2bbc2b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Netscape", "answer_start": 532}], "question": "What company was started by Mosaic?", "id": "5a4d32477a6c4c001a2bbc2c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1994", "answer_start": 599}], "question": "When was the NCSA Navigator released by Mosaic?", "id": "5a4d32477a6c4c001a2bbc2d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "90%", "answer_start": 675}], "question": "What percentage of web use did Mosaic have at its peak in 1993?", "id": "5a4d32477a6c4c001a2bbc2e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1993, browser software was further innovated by Marc Andreessen with the release of Mosaic, \"the world's first popular browser\", which made the World Wide Web system easy to use and more accessible to the average person. Andreesen's browser sparked the internet boom of the 1990s. The introduction of Mosaic in 1993 \u2013 one of the first graphical web browsers \u2013 led to an explosion in web use. Andreessen, the leader of the Mosaic team at National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), soon started his own company, named Netscape, and released the Mosaic-influenced Netscape Navigator in 1994, which quickly became the world's most popular browser, accounting for 90% of all web use at its peak (see usage share of web browsers)."}], ["Pelanjutan penyemak imbas adalah program komputer yang memanjangkan fungsi penyemak imbas web. Setiap pelayar web utama menyokong perkembangan pelanjutan penyemak imbas. <> Program komputer yang meneruskan fungsi penyemak imbas dipanggil apa? || pelanjutan penyemak imbas <> Apa yang memanjangkan perkembangan fungsi komputer? || <> Mengapa komputer membuat sambungan penyemak imbas? || <> Apa yang membuat sokongan program komputer? || <> Apakah setiap program komputer menyokong? || <> Apa yang berlaku apabila program komputer dibuat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "A computer program that continues the functionality of a browser is called what?", "id": "56e0d451231d4119001ac404", "answers": [{"text": "browser extension", "answer_start": 2}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "A browser extension", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What extends development of computer functionality?", "id": "5a4d7cd3755ab9001a10f405", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "extends the functionality of a web browser", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "Why does a computer create a browser extension?", "id": "5a4d7cd3755ab9001a10f406", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the development of browser extensions", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "What does making a computer program support?", "id": "5a4d7cd3755ab9001a10f407", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the development of browser extensions", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "What does every computer program support?", "id": "5a4d7cd3755ab9001a10f408", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "extends the functionality of a web browser", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "What happens when a computer program is created?", "id": "5a4d7cd3755ab9001a10f409", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A browser extension is a computer program that extends the functionality of a web browser. Every major web browser supports the development of browser extensions."}], ["Semua pelayar web utama membolehkan pengguna membuka sumber maklumat yang banyak pada masa yang sama, sama ada dalam tetingkap pelayar yang berbeza atau dalam tab yang berbeza pada tetingkap yang sama. Pelayar utama juga termasuk penyekat pop timbul untuk menghalang tingkap yang tidak diingini daripada \"muncul\" tanpa kebenaran pengguna. <> Apa yang tidak membenarkan tingkap muncul tanpa persetujuan? || penyekat pop timbul <> Apa yang dibenarkan oleh penyekat pop timbul di dalam tetingkap? || <> Apa yang boleh dibuka tanpa persetujuan pengguna dalam tetingkap? || <> Di mana tetingkap yang tidak dikehendaki dibuka dalam penyemak imbas? || <> Di manakah pelayar membenarkan pop timbul untuk dibuka? || <> Apakah sumber maklumat yang boleh muncul dalam tetingkap? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does not allow windows to pop up without consent?", "id": "56e0d3c97aa994140058e760", "answers": [{"text": "pop-up blockers", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the user to open multiple information resources at the same time", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "What do all pop-up blockers allow in a window?", "id": "5a4d522e755ab9001a10f3b7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "multiple information resources", "answer_start": 46}], "question": "What can be open without the user's consent in a window?", "id": "5a4d522e755ab9001a10f3b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in different tabs of the same window", "answer_start": 134}], "question": "Where do unwanted windows open in a browser?", "id": "5a4d522e755ab9001a10f3b9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "either in different browser windows or in different tabs of the same window", "answer_start": 95}], "question": "Where do browsers allow pop-ups to open?", "id": "5a4d522e755ab9001a10f3ba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "unwanted windows", "answer_start": 227}], "question": "What do information resources allow to pop-up in a window?", "id": "5a4d522e755ab9001a10f3bb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "All major web browsers allow the user to open multiple information resources at the same time, either in different browser windows or in different tabs of the same window. Major browsers also include pop-up blockers to prevent unwanted windows from \"popping up\" without the user's consent."}], ["Safari dan Safari Mudah Alih juga disertakan dengan OS X dan iOS masing-masing, oleh itu, mereka pada asalnya dibiayai oleh penjualan komputer Apple dan peranti mudah alih, dan menjadi sebahagian daripada pengalaman Apple keseluruhan kepada pelanggan. <> Pelayar apa yang disertakan secara automatik dengan OS X? || Safari <> Apakah peranti mudah alih disertakan? || <> Apa jualan komputer Apple dibiayai oleh? || <> Apakah Apple mula dibiayai? || <> Apakah pelanggan Apple memberikan kepada Apple? || <> Apa yang OS X dan OS saya sediakan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What browser was automatically included with OS X?", "id": "56e0cf39231d4119001ac3cf", "answers": [{"text": "Safari", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "OS X and iOS", "answer_start": 60}], "question": "What are mobile devices included with?", "id": "5a4d3d877a6c4c001a2bbc7a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Safari and Mobile Safari", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What were sales of Apple computers funded by?", "id": "5a4d3d877a6c4c001a2bbc7b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sales of Apple computers and mobile devices", "answer_start": 133}], "question": "What was Apple originally funded by?", "id": "5a4d3d877a6c4c001a2bbc7c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sales of Apple computers and mobile devices", "answer_start": 133}], "question": "What did Apple customers provide to Apple?", "id": "5a4d3d877a6c4c001a2bbc7d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "part of the overall Apple experience to customers", "answer_start": 189}], "question": "What do the OS X and i OS provide?", "id": "5a4d3d877a6c4c001a2bbc7e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Safari and Mobile Safari were likewise always included with OS X and iOS respectively, so, similarly, they were originally funded by sales of Apple computers and mobile devices, and formed part of the overall Apple experience to customers."}], ["Tujuan utama penyemak imbas web adalah untuk membawa sumber maklumat kepada pengguna (\"mendapatkan semula\" atau \"pengambilan\"), membolehkan mereka melihat maklumat (\"paparan\", \"rendering\"), dan kemudian mengakses maklumat lain (\"navigasi\" , \"pautan berikut\"). <> Apa gunanya penyemak imbas utama? || untuk membawa sumber maklumat kepada pengguna <> Apakah tujuan utama komputer yang mempunyai akses? || <> Bagaimana fungsi rendering paparan? || <> Bagaimana OS mengakses maklumat lain? || <> Apa yang membolehkan OS melihat maklumat? || <> Apa yang membolehkan OS mencari maklumat lain? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the main use of a browser?", "id": "56e0d09f7aa994140058e73f", "answers": [{"text": "to bring information resources to the user", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to bring information resources to the user", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "What is the primary purpose of a computer having access?", "id": "5a4d43c77a6c4c001a2bbc8e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "bring information resources to the user", "answer_start": 43}], "question": "How does display rendering function?", "id": "5a4d43c77a6c4c001a2bbc8f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"retrieval\" or \"fetching\"", "answer_start": 84}], "question": "How does an OS access other information?", "id": "5a4d43c77a6c4c001a2bbc90", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"display\", \"rendering\"", "answer_start": 151}], "question": "What lets an OS see information?", "id": "5a4d43c77a6c4c001a2bbc91", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"navigation\"", "answer_start": 211}], "question": "What lets an OS find other information?", "id": "5a4d43c77a6c4c001a2bbc92", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The primary purpose of a web browser is to bring information resources to the user (\"retrieval\" or \"fetching\"), allowing them to view the information (\"display\", \"rendering\"), and then access other information (\"navigation\", \"following links\")."}], ["Sumber maklumat mungkin mengandungi hiperpautan kepada sumber maklumat lain. Setiap pautan mengandungi URI sumber untuk pergi ke. Apabila pautan diklik, pelayar menavigasi ke sumber yang ditunjukkan oleh URI sasaran pautan, dan proses membawa kandungan kepada pengguna bermula lagi. <> Apa sumber yang boleh disambungkan ke sumber lain? || hyperlink <> Bagaimana pengguna membaca URI? || <> Mengapa komputer membuat hiperpautan? || <> Apa yang berlaku apabila hyperlink dibuat? || <> Apa yang membuatkan komputer mengambil masa yang lama untuk mencari maklumat? || <> Apa yang berlaku apabila pengguna tidak dapat mencari maklumat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What can resources have to connect to other resources?", "id": "56e0d2b2231d4119001ac3f0", "answers": [{"text": "hyperlinks", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the browser navigates to the resource indicated by the link's target URI", "answer_start": 152}], "question": "How does a user read URI?", "id": "5a4d4d807a6c4c001a2bbcac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "bringing content to the user", "answer_start": 245}], "question": "Why does a computer create hyperlinks?", "id": "5a4d4d807a6c4c001a2bbcad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the browser navigates to the resource indicated by the link's target URI", "answer_start": 152}], "question": "What happens when a hyperlink is created?", "id": "5a4d4d807a6c4c001a2bbcae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the browser navigates to the resource indicated by the link's target URI", "answer_start": 152}], "question": "What makes a computer take longer to find information?", "id": "5a4d4d807a6c4c001a2bbcaf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the process of bringing content to the user begins again", "answer_start": 230}], "question": "What happens when a user can't find information?", "id": "5a4d4d807a6c4c001a2bbcb0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Information resources may contain hyperlinks to other information resources. Each link contains the URI of a resource to go to. When a link is clicked, the browser navigates to the resource indicated by the link's target URI, and the process of bringing content to the user begins again."}], ["Pelayar web yang ada mempunyai ciri-ciri dari antara muka pengguna yang berasaskan teks dengan sokongan tulang terdedah untuk HTML untuk antaramuka pengguna yang kaya yang menyokong pelbagai format dan protokol fail. Pelayar yang termasuk komponen tambahan untuk menyokong e-mel, berita Usenet, dan Internet Relay Chat (IRC), kadang-kadang disebut sebagai \"suite Internet\" bukan hanya \"pelayar web\". <> Ciri-ciri pada penyemak imbas boleh berkisar dari minimum dengan sedikit sokongan kepada apa? || antaramuka pengguna yang kaya <> Apabila penyemak imbas termasuk banyak tambahan, boleh dirujuk sebagai apa? || Suite-suite internet <> Apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh IRC? || Sembang Relay Internet <> Apakah beberapa ciri yang mempunyai IRC? || <> Apa yang kadang-kadang dirujuk sebagai IRC? || <> Apakah beberapa ciri HTML? || <> Apakah beberapa ciri tambahan yang disertakan dalam IRC? || <> Apa juga e-mel yang menyokong? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Features on a browser can range from minimal with little support to what?", "id": "56e0d358231d4119001ac3f6", "answers": [{"text": "rich user interfaces", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When a browser includes a lot of extras, it can be referred to as what?", "id": "56e0d358231d4119001ac3f7", "answers": [{"text": "Internet suites", "answer_start": 334}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does IRC stand for?", "id": "56e0d358231d4119001ac3f8", "answers": [{"text": "Internet Relay Chat", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "minimal, text-based user interfaces with bare-bones support for HTML", "answer_start": 46}], "question": "What are some features that IRC has?", "id": "5a4d4f407a6c4c001a2bbcb6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"Internet suites\"", "answer_start": 333}], "question": "What are IRC's sometimes referred to as?", "id": "5a4d4f407a6c4c001a2bbcb7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "rich user interfaces supporting a wide variety of file formats and protocols", "answer_start": 118}], "question": "What are some features of HTML?", "id": "5a4d4f407a6c4c001a2bbcb8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "e-mail, Usenet news", "answer_start": 252}], "question": "What are some extra features included in IRC?", "id": "5a4d4f407a6c4c001a2bbcb9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a wide variety of file formats and protocols", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "What does e-mail also support?", "id": "5a4d4f407a6c4c001a2bbcba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Available web browsers range in features from minimal, text-based user interfaces with bare-bones support for HTML to rich user interfaces supporting a wide variety of file formats and protocols. Browsers which include additional components to support e-mail, Usenet news, and Internet Relay Chat (IRC), are sometimes referred to as \"Internet suites\" rather than merely \"web browsers\"."}], ["Pada bulan Januari 2009, Suruhanjaya Eropah mengumumkan bahawa ia akan menyiasat penggabungan Internet Explorer dengan sistem operasi Windows dari Microsoft, mengatakan \"Microsoft mengikat Internet Explorer ke sistem operasi Windows membahayakan persaingan antara pelayar web, melemahkan inovasi produk dan akhirnya mengurangkan pilihan pengguna. \" Microsoft Corp v Commission <> Siapa yang menyiasat penggabungan pelayar IE dengan Windows OS? || Suruhanjaya Eropah <> Bilakah Suruhanjaya Eropah mengatakan mereka akan menyiasat penggabungan itu? || Januari 2009 <> Suruhanjaya merasakan bahawa penyambungan penyemak imbas dengan komputer Windows merosakkan apa? || persaingan di antara penyemak imbas web <> Suruhanjaya merasakan bahawa penggabungan itu menjejaskan apa? || inovasi produk <> Apa yang akan disiasat oleh Microsoft pada bulan Januari 2009? || <> Pada tahun apakah Microsoft menyiasat Suruhanjaya Eropah? || <> Apakah Suruhanjaya merosakkan mengikut Microsoft? || <> Apa yang dikurangkan oleh Suruhanjaya mengikut Microsoft? || <> Tindakan apa yang dirugikan oleh Suruhanjaya menurut Microsoft? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who investigated the bundling of the IE browser with Windows OS?", "id": "56e0ced77aa994140058e72b", "answers": [{"text": "the European Commission", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the European Commission say they would investigate the bundling?", "id": "56e0ced77aa994140058e72c", "answers": [{"text": "January 2009", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Commission felt that bundling the browser with Windows computers harmed what?", "id": "56e0ced77aa994140058e72d", "answers": [{"text": "competition between web browsers", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Commission felt that the bundling undermined what?", "id": "56e0ced77aa994140058e72e", "answers": [{"text": "product innovation", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the bundling of Internet Explorer with Windows operating systems", "answer_start": 72}], "question": "What would Microsoft investigate in January 2009?", "id": "5a4d3a917a6c4c001a2bbc70", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "In January 2009", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "In what year was Microsoft investigating the European Commission?", "id": "5a4d3a917a6c4c001a2bbc71", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "product innovation", "answer_start": 283}], "question": "What did the Commission undermine according to Microsoft?", "id": "5a4d3a917a6c4c001a2bbc72", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "consumer choice", "answer_start": 325}], "question": "What was reduced by the Commission according to Microsoft?", "id": "5a4d3a917a6c4c001a2bbc73", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "competition between web browsers", "answer_start": 238}], "question": "What action is harmed by the Commision according to Microsoft?", "id": "5a4d3a917a6c4c001a2bbc74", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In January 2009, the European Commission announced it would investigate the bundling of Internet Explorer with Windows operating systems from Microsoft, saying \"Microsoft's tying of Internet Explorer to the Windows operating system harms competition between web browsers, undermines product innovation and ultimately reduces consumer choice.\" Microsoft Corp v Commission"}], ["Dalam kes http, https, fail, dan lain-lain, sebaik sahaja sumber telah diambil, penyemak imbas web akan memaparkannya. HTML dan kandungan yang berkaitan (fail imej, maklumat pemformatan seperti CSS, dll.) Diteruskan ke enjin susun atur pelayar untuk diubah dari markup ke dokumen interaktif, proses yang dikenali sebagai \"rendering\". Selain dari HTML, pelayar web umumnya boleh memaparkan apa-apa jenis kandungan yang boleh menjadi sebahagian daripada laman web. Kebanyakan pelayar boleh memaparkan imej, audio, video, dan fail XML, dan selalunya mempunyai pemalam untuk menyokong aplikasi Flash dan applet Java. Setelah menemui fail jenis yang tidak disokong atau fail yang ditetapkan untuk dimuat turun daripada dipaparkan, penyemak imbas meminta pengguna untuk menyimpan fail ke cakera. <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila kandungan diubah dari markup ke dokumen interaktif? || rendering <> Pelayar biasanya mempunyai pemalam untuk menyokong apa? || Aplikasi Flash dan aplet Java <> Browser telah anda simpan ke cakera supaya mereka dapat menyokong apa? || <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila sumber diubah daripada tidak disokong untuk dimuat turun? || <> Apa file boleh dipaparkan apabila fail tidak disokong? || <> Apa kandungan yang tidak disokong yang boleh memaparkan sumber yang merupakan sebahagian daripada halaman web? || <> Proses apa yang berlaku kepada pemalam yang disimpan pada cakera? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is it called when content is changed from markup to an interactive document?", "id": "56e0d21b7aa994140058e74f", "answers": [{"text": "rendering", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Browsers typically have plug-ins to support what?", "id": "56e0d21b7aa994140058e750", "answers": [{"text": "Flash applications and Java applets", "answer_start": 533}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Flash applications and Java applets", "answer_start": 533}], "question": "Browsers have you save to disk so they can support what?", "id": "5a4d48dd7a6c4c001a2bbca2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"rendering\"", "answer_start": 318}], "question": "What is it called when resources are changed from being unsupported to being downloaded?", "id": "5a4d48dd7a6c4c001a2bbca3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "http, https, file, and others", "answer_start": 15}], "question": "What files can be displayed when a file is unsupported?", "id": "5a4d48dd7a6c4c001a2bbca4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "any kind", "answer_start": 383}], "question": "What unsupported content can resources display that is part of a webpage?", "id": "5a4d48dd7a6c4c001a2bbca5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "passed to the browser's layout engine to be transformed from markup to an interactive document", "answer_start": 203}], "question": "What process happens to plug-ins saved to disk?", "id": "5a4d48dd7a6c4c001a2bbca6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the case of http, https, file, and others, once the resource has been retrieved the web browser will display it. HTML and associated content (image files, formatting information such as CSS, etc.) is passed to the browser's layout engine to be transformed from markup to an interactive document, a process known as \"rendering\". Aside from HTML, web browsers can generally display any kind of content that can be part of a web page. Most browsers can display images, audio, video, and XML files, and often have plug-ins to support Flash applications and Java applets. Upon encountering a file of an unsupported type or a file that is set up to be downloaded rather than displayed, the browser prompts the user to save the file to disk."}], ["Proses ini bermula apabila input pengguna Uniform Resource Locator (URL), misalnya http://en.wikipedia.org/, ke dalam penyemak imbas. Awalan URL, Pengenalpastian Sumber Seragam atau URI, menentukan bagaimana URL akan ditafsirkan. URI yang paling biasa digunakan bermula dengan http: dan mengenal pasti sumber yang akan diambil melalui Protokol Pemindahan Hypertext (HTTP). Ramai penyemak imbas juga menyokong pelbagai awalan lain, seperti https: untuk HTTPS, ftp: untuk Protokol Pemindahan Fail dan fail: untuk fail tempatan. Awalan bahawa penyemak imbas web tidak dapat dikendalikan secara langsung sering diserahkan kepada aplikasi lain sepenuhnya. Sebagai contoh, mailto: URI biasanya diluluskan kepada aplikasi e-mel lalai pengguna, dan berita: URI dihantar kepada pembaca berita berita lalai pengguna. <> Apakah URL berdiri? || Penyedia Sumber Seragam <> Apakah faktor menentukan bagaimana URL akan ditafsirkan? || Awalan URL <> Apa yang dimaksudkan untuk http? || Protokol Pindah Hypertext <> Apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh ftp? || Protokol Pemindahan Fail <> Berita: awalan diberikan kepada pengguna apa? || pembaca berita kumpulan lalai <> Apakah awalan pembaca kumpulan berita lalai menentukan? || <> Apakah bentuk fail tempatan yang paling biasa bermula dengan? || <> Apa yang dikenal pasti pelayar biasa? || <> Apa yang berlaku kepada pembaca berita kumpulan penyemak imbas web tidak boleh mengendalikan secara langsung? || <> Di mana ftp diluluskan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does URL stand for?", "id": "56e0d133231d4119001ac3dc", "answers": [{"text": "Uniform Resource Locator", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the determining factor in how a URL will be interpreted?", "id": "56e0d133231d4119001ac3dd", "answers": [{"text": "The prefix of the URL", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does http stand for?", "id": "56e0d133231d4119001ac3de", "answers": [{"text": "Hypertext Transfer Protocol", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does ftp stand for?", "id": "56e0d133231d4119001ac3df", "answers": [{"text": "File Transfer Protocol", "answer_start": 473}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A news: prefix is given to the user's what?", "id": "56e0d133231d4119001ac3e0", "answers": [{"text": "default newsgroup reader", "answer_start": 758}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "how the URL will be interpreted", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "What does the prefix of the default newsgroup reader determine?", "id": "5a4d45dd7a6c4c001a2bbc98", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "http:", "answer_start": 285}], "question": "What does the most common form of local file start with?", "id": "5a4d45dd7a6c4c001a2bbc99", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a resource to be retrieved over the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)", "answer_start": 306}], "question": "What does a common browser identify?", "id": "5a4d45dd7a6c4c001a2bbc9a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "often handed off to another application entirely", "answer_start": 581}], "question": "What happens to newsgroup readers the web browser can't handle directly?", "id": "5a4d45dd7a6c4c001a2bbc9b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the user's default e-mail application", "answer_start": 679}], "question": "Where are ftp's passed on to?", "id": "5a4d45dd7a6c4c001a2bbc9c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "This process begins when the user inputs a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), for example http://en.wikipedia.org/, into the browser. The prefix of the URL, the Uniform Resource Identifier or URI, determines how the URL will be interpreted. The most commonly used kind of URI starts with http: and identifies a resource to be retrieved over the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Many browsers also support a variety of other prefixes, such as https: for HTTPS, ftp: for the File Transfer Protocol, and file: for local files. Prefixes that the web browser cannot directly handle are often handed off to another application entirely. For example, mailto: URIs are usually passed to the user's default e-mail application, and news: URIs are passed to the user's default newsgroup reader."}], ["Hari ini, kebanyakan pelayar web komersial dibayar oleh syarikat enjin carian untuk membuat lalai enjin mereka, atau memasukkannya sebagai pilihan lain. Sebagai contoh, Google membayar Mozilla, pembuat Firefox, untuk menjadikan Google Search enjin carian lalai di Firefox. Mozilla membuat wang yang cukup dari perjanjian ini bahawa ia tidak perlu mengenakan bayaran kepada pengguna untuk Firefox. Di samping itu, Carian Google juga (seperti yang dijangkakan) enjin carian lalai di Google Chrome. Pengguna yang mencari tapak web atau item di Internet akan dibawa ke halaman hasil carian Google, meningkatkan hasil iklan dan pembangunan dana di Google dan Google Chrome. <> Syarikat manakah yang membayar Firefox untuk membuat enjin carian mereka lalai pada penyemak imbas mereka? || Google <> Apa penyemak imbas lain yang mempunyai Google sebagai enjin carian lalai? || Chrome <> Peningkatan dana hasil, sebagai tambahan kepada Google? || Google Chrome <> Mengapa penyemak imbas web membayar syarikat enjin carian? || <> Mengapa Mozilla membayar Google? || <> Apa yang membolehkan Google tidak mengecas pengguna untuk menggunakan Chrome? || <> Apa yang meningkatkan pendapatan iklan untuk Firefox? || <> Apa pembangunan dana di Mozilla? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which company pays Firefox to make their search engine the default on their browser?", "id": "56e0cfce7aa994140058e735", "answers": [{"text": "Google", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other browser has Google as the default search engine?", "id": "56e0cfce7aa994140058e737", "answers": [{"text": "Chrome", "answer_start": 442}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The increased revenue funds what, in addition to Google?", "id": "56e0cfce7aa994140058e739", "answers": [{"text": "Google Chrome", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to make their engine default", "answer_start": 72}], "question": "Why do web browsers pay search engine companies?", "id": "5a4d40ce7a6c4c001a2bbc84", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to make Google Search the default search engine", "answer_start": 196}], "question": "Why does Mozilla pay Google?", "id": "5a4d40ce7a6c4c001a2bbc85", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "enough money from this deal", "answer_start": 270}], "question": "What lets Google not charge users for using Chrome?", "id": "5a4d40ce7a6c4c001a2bbc86", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Users searching for websites or items on the Internet would be led to Google's search results page", "answer_start": 450}], "question": "What increases ad revenue for Firefox?", "id": "5a4d40ce7a6c4c001a2bbc87", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "increasing ad revenue", "answer_start": 550}], "question": "What funds development at Mozilla?", "id": "5a4d40ce7a6c4c001a2bbc88", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Today, most commercial web browsers are paid by search engine companies to make their engine default, or to include them as another option. For example, Google pays Mozilla, the maker of Firefox, to make Google Search the default search engine in Firefox. Mozilla makes enough money from this deal that it does not need to charge users for Firefox. In addition, Google Search is also (as one would expect) the default search engine in Google Chrome. Users searching for websites or items on the Internet would be led to Google's search results page, increasing ad revenue and which funds development at Google and of Google Chrome."}], ["Pelayar web terdiri daripada antara muka pengguna, enjin susun atur, enjin rendering, penterjemah JavaScript, backend UI, komponen rangkaian dan komponen ketekunan data. Komponen-komponen ini mencapai fungsi yang berbeza dari pelayar web dan bersama-sama menyediakan semua keupayaan penyemak imbas web. <> Antara muka pengguna, backend UI, enjin susun atur dan lain-lain adalah sebahagian daripada apa? || Pelayar web <> Enjin susun atur, enjin rendering, antara muka pengguna dan lain-lain adalah komponen yang menawarkan pelayar web yang berbeza? || fungsi <> Apakah dua perkara yang membentuk backend UI? || <> Apa yang dicapai penerjemah JavaScript dalam enjin susun atur? || <> Apakah enjin rendering dan antara muka pengguna membuat apabila hanya digunakan antara satu sama lain? || <> Apa bahagian enjin susun atur membentuk komponen ketekunan data? || <> Apa antara muka pengguna mencapai ketika bahagian belakang UI? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "A user interface, UI backend, layout engine and other things are part of what?", "id": "56e0d5d6231d4119001ac41c", "answers": [{"text": "Web browsers", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The layout engine, rendering engine, user interface and other things are components that offer different what of web browsers?", "id": "56e0d5d6231d4119001ac41d", "answers": [{"text": "functionalities", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "user interface, layout engine", "answer_start": 26}], "question": "What are two things that make up a UI backend?", "id": "5a4d7eb1755ab9001a10f40f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "different functionalities of a web browser", "answer_start": 189}], "question": "What does a JavaScript interpreter achieve in a layout engine?", "id": "5a4d7eb1755ab9001a10f410", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "all capabilities of a web browser", "answer_start": 253}], "question": "What do a rendering engine and a user interface create when only used with each other?", "id": "5a4d7eb1755ab9001a10f411", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a user interface, layout engine, rendering engine, JavaScript interpreter, UI backend, networking component", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "What parts of a layout engine make up a data persistence component?", "id": "5a4d7eb1755ab9001a10f412", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "different functionalities", "answer_start": 189}], "question": "What does a user interface achieve when part of a UI backend?", "id": "5a4d7eb1755ab9001a10f413", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Web browsers consist of a user interface, layout engine, rendering engine, JavaScript interpreter, UI backend, networking component and data persistence component. These components achieve different functionalities of a web browser and together provide all capabilities of a web browser."}], ["Kebanyakan pelayar menyokong HTTP Secure dan menawarkan cara yang cepat dan mudah untuk memadamkan cache web, sejarah muat turun, bentuk dan sejarah carian, kuki, dan sejarah penyemakan imbas. Untuk perbandingan kelemahan keselamatan pelayar semasa, lihat perbandingan penyemak imbas web. <> HTTP Secure disokong oleh apa? || Kebanyakan penyemak imbas <> Cache, sejarah muat turun, kuki, pelayaran dan apa lagi yang boleh dipadamkan dengan pantas dalam pelayar? || borang dan sejarah carian <> Perbandingan penyemak imbas mesti dilihat untuk mengetahui apa? || kelemahan keselamatan semasa <> Apa yang paling menyokong cookies? || <> Apa yang membandingkan paparan sejarah pelayaran tentang komputer anda? || <> Apakah perbandingan penyemak imbas web menawarkan anda dengan pantas? || <> Bagaimana anda tahu jika cache web anda selamat? || <> Apa yang paling menyokong perbandingan pelayar web? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "HTTP Secure is supported by what?", "id": "56e0d5117aa994140058e763", "answers": [{"text": "Most browsers", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Cache, download history, cookies, browsing and what else can be quickly deleted in browsers?", "id": "56e0d5117aa994140058e764", "answers": [{"text": "form and search history", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A comparison of browser must be seen to know what?", "id": "56e0d5117aa994140058e765", "answers": [{"text": "current security vulnerabilities", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "HTTP Secure", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "What do most cookies support?", "id": "5a4d569d755ab9001a10f3cb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "current security vulnerabilities", "answer_start": 187}], "question": "What does comparing browsing history show about your computer?", "id": "5a4d569d755ab9001a10f3cc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "delete the web cache, download history, form and search history, cookies, and browsing history", "answer_start": 67}], "question": "What does comparison of web browsers offer you to do quickly?", "id": "5a4d569d755ab9001a10f3cd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "see comparison of web browsers", "answer_start": 233}], "question": "How do you know if your web cache is secure?", "id": "5a4d569d755ab9001a10f3ce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "HTTP Secure", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "What do most web browser comparisons support?", "id": "5a4d569d755ab9001a10f3cf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Most browsers support HTTP Secure and offer quick and easy ways to delete the web cache, download history, form and search history, cookies, and browsing history. For a comparison of the current security vulnerabilities of browsers, see comparison of web browsers."}], ["Penyemak imbas web awal hanya menyokong versi HTML yang sangat mudah. Perkembangan pesat pelayar web proprietari membawa kepada pembangunan dialek HTML yang tidak standard, yang membawa kepada masalah-masalah yang mempunyai interoperabilitas. Pelayar web moden menyokong gabungan HTML dan XHTML berasaskan piawaian dan de facto, yang harus diberikan dengan cara yang sama oleh semua pelayar. <> Perkembangan pantas jenis penyemak imbas yang membawa kepada dialek HTML yang tidak standard? || penyemak imbas web proprietari <> Dialog bukan standard yang membawa kepada apa? || masalah dengan interoperability <> Sokongan standard pelayar moden dan defacto apa? || HTML dan XHTML <> HTML dan XHTML seharusnya apa yang dilakukan oleh semua pelayar? || diberikan dengan cara yang sama <> Apa sokongan XHTML awal? || <> Apa perkembangan pesat penyemak imbas web moden? || <> Masalah apa yang timbul selepas pembangunan penyemak imbas web moden? || <> Bagaimanakah dialek tidak standard diperlakukan oleh semua penyemak imbas? || <> Apakah dua perkara yang menyokong versi HTML mudah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Quick development of what kind of browsers led to non-standard HTML dialects?", "id": "56e0d561231d4119001ac413", "answers": [{"text": "proprietary web browsers", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Non-standard dialects led to what?", "id": "56e0d561231d4119001ac414", "answers": [{"text": "problems with interoperability", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Modern browser support standards-based and defacto what?", "id": "56e0d561231d4119001ac415", "answers": [{"text": "HTML and XHTML", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "HTML and XHTML should be what by all browsers?", "id": "56e0d561231d4119001ac416", "answers": [{"text": "rendered in the same way", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a very simple version of HTML", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "What did early XHTML support?", "id": "5a4d7b69755ab9001a10f3fb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the development of non-standard dialects of HTML", "answer_start": 122}], "question": "What did the rapid development of modern web browsers lead to?", "id": "5a4d7b69755ab9001a10f3fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "problems with interoperability", "answer_start": 183}], "question": "What problems arose after the development of modern web browsers?", "id": "5a4d7b69755ab9001a10f3fd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "rendered in the same way", "answer_start": 321}], "question": "How should non-standard dialects be treated by all browsers?", "id": "5a4d7b69755ab9001a10f3fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a combination of standards-based and de facto HTML and XHTML", "answer_start": 243}], "question": "What are two things that a simple HTML version supports?", "id": "5a4d7b69755ab9001a10f3ff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Early web browsers supported only a very simple version of HTML. The rapid development of proprietary web browsers led to the development of non-standard dialects of HTML, leading to problems with interoperability. Modern web browsers support a combination of standards-based and de facto HTML and XHTML, which should be rendered in the same way by all browsers."}], ["Kebanyakan penyemak imbas web boleh memaparkan senarai halaman web yang telah ditandai pengguna supaya pengguna dapat dengan cepat kembali kepada mereka. Penanda halaman juga dipanggil \"Kegemaran\" dalam Internet Explorer. Di samping itu, semua pelayar web utama mempunyai beberapa bentuk aggregator suapan web terbina dalam. Di Firefox, suapan web diformatkan sebagai \"penanda buku langsung\" dan berkelakuan seperti folder penanda yang sepadan dengan penyertaan terbaru dalam suapan. Di Opera, pembaca suapan yang lebih tradisional disertakan yang menyimpan dan memaparkan kandungan suapan. <> Senarai laman web pengguna yang boleh mengklik untuk kembali menjadi mudah adalah apa yang dilakukan oleh pengguna? || bookmarked> Apa itu \"bookmark\" yang dipanggil di Internet Explorer? || Kegemaran <> Peranti teratas mempunyai terbina dalam apa? || agregator suapan <> Firefox suapan web sebagai apa? || penanda buku langsung <> Pembaca suapan Opera lebih lagi apa? || tradisional <> Apa penanda buku hidup yang dipanggil di Opera? || <> Apa yang dibina untuk semua penanda buku? || <> Bagaimana penanda halaman berperilaku di IE? || <> Bagaimana agregator suapan diformatkan seperti di Opera? || <> Apakah jenis halaman web yang dimasukkan dalam IE? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "A list of websites a user can click to get back to easy have been what by the user?", "id": "56e0d4e1231d4119001ac408", "answers": [{"text": "bookmarked", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are \"bookmarks\" called in Internet Explorer?", "id": "56e0d4e1231d4119001ac409", "answers": [{"text": "Favorites", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The top browsers have a built-in what?", "id": "56e0d4e1231d4119001ac40a", "answers": [{"text": "feed aggregator", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Firefox does web feeds as what?", "id": "56e0d4e1231d4119001ac40b", "answers": [{"text": "live bookmarks", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Opera feed reader is more what?", "id": "56e0d4e1231d4119001ac40c", "answers": [{"text": "traditional", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"Favorites\"", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "What are live bookmarks called in Opera?", "id": "5a4d552d755ab9001a10f3c1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "some form of built-in web feed aggregator", "answer_start": 225}], "question": "What is built in to all bookmarks?", "id": "5a4d552d755ab9001a10f3c2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "like a folder of bookmarks corresponding to recent entries in the feed", "answer_start": 335}], "question": "How do bookmarks behave in IE?", "id": "5a4d552d755ab9001a10f3c3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"live bookmarks\"", "answer_start": 307}], "question": "How are feed aggregators formatted as in Opera?", "id": "5a4d552d755ab9001a10f3c4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a more traditional feed reader is included", "answer_start": 417}], "question": "What kind of web pages are included in IE?", "id": "5a4d552d755ab9001a10f3c5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Most web browsers can display a list of web pages that the user has bookmarked so that the user can quickly return to them. Bookmarks are also called \"Favorites\" in Internet Explorer. In addition, all major web browsers have some form of built-in web feed aggregator. In Firefox, web feeds are formatted as \"live bookmarks\" and behave like a folder of bookmarks corresponding to recent entries in the feed. In Opera, a more traditional feed reader is included which stores and displays the contents of the feed."}]], [["Satelit pertama, BeiDou-1A, dilancarkan pada 30 Oktober 2000, diikuti oleh BeiDou-1B pada 20 Disember 2000. Satelit ketiga, BeiDou-1C (satelit cadangan) telah diletakkan di orbit pada 25 Mei 2003. Pelancaran yang berjaya dari BeiDou-1C juga bermaksud penubuhan sistem navigasi BeiDou-1. <> Apakah nama satelit pertama yang dilancarkan untuk sistem ini? || BeiDou-1A <> Bilakah BeiDou-1A dilancarkan? || 20 Disember 2000 <> Apakah nama satelit ketiga yang dilancarkan untuk sistem ini? || BeiDou-1C <> Apakah tujuan melancarkan satelit BeiDou-1C? || satelit cadangan <> Bilakah satelit BeiDou-1C dilancarkan? || 25 Mei 2003 <> Apa nama satelit kelapan yang dilancarkan untuk sistem ini? || <> Bilakah BeiDou-1D dilancarkan? || <> Apakah nama kapal selam ketiga yang dilancarkan untuk sistem ini? || <> Bilakah roket BeiDou-1C dilancarkan? || <> Pelancaran BeiDou-1E yang tidak berjaya berlaku ketika? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the first satellite launched for the system?", "id": "56e0fdc8231d4119001ac558", "answers": [{"text": "BeiDou-1A", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was BeiDou-1A launched?", "id": "56e0fdc8231d4119001ac559", "answers": [{"text": "20 December 2000", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the third satellite launched for the system?", "id": "56e0fdc8231d4119001ac55a", "answers": [{"text": "BeiDou-1C", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the purpose of launching the BeiDou-1C satellite?", "id": "56e0fdc8231d4119001ac55b", "answers": [{"text": "a backup satellite", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the BeiDou-1C satellite launched?", "id": "56e0fdc8231d4119001ac55c", "answers": [{"text": "25 May 2003", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BeiDou-1A", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "What was the name of the eighth satellite launched for the system?", "id": "5acd353307355d001abf3950", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "30 October 2000", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "When was BeiDou-1D launched?", "id": "5acd353307355d001abf3951", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BeiDou-1C", "answer_start": 129}], "question": "What was the name of the third submarine launched for the system?", "id": "5acd353307355d001abf3952", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "25 May 2003", "answer_start": 183}], "question": "When was the BeiDou-1C rocket launched?", "id": "5acd353307355d001abf3953", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "30 October 2000", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "The unsuccessful launch of BeiDou-1E happened when?", "id": "5acd353307355d001abf3954", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The first satellite, BeiDou-1A, was launched on 30 October 2000, followed by BeiDou-1B on 20 December 2000. The third satellite, BeiDou-1C (a backup satellite), was put into orbit on 25 May 2003. The successful launch of BeiDou-1C also meant the establishment of the BeiDou-1 navigation system."}], ["Pada 2 November 2006, China mengumumkan bahawa dari 2008 BeiDou akan menawarkan perkhidmatan terbuka dengan ketepatan 10 meter, pemasaan 0.2 mikrosecond dan kelajuan 0.2 meter / saat. [Rujukan?] Bilakah China mengumumkan rancangan perkhidmatan untuk Sistem BeiDou? || 2 November 2006 <> Apakah pelbagai ketepatan yang dijanjikan China untuk ditawarkan pada tahun 2008 dengan sistem BeiDou? || 10 meter <> Apakah masa dan kelajuan yang dijanjikan China untuk ditawarkan pada tahun 2008 dengan sistem BeiDou? || masa 0.2 mikrosecond, dan kelajuan 0.2 meter / saat <> China akan menawarkan perkhidmatan tertutup dengan ketepatan apa? || <> Jepun mengumumkan pada 2 November 2006? || <> Jepun menjanjikan kelajuan masa apa dengan perkhidmatan terbuka? || <> Jepun menjanjikan kelajuan apa dengan perkhidmatan terbuka? || <> China mengumumkan apa yang pada 22 November 2006? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did China announce service plans for the BeiDou system?", "id": "56e10245e3433e1400422a96", "answers": [{"text": "2 November 2006", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the accuracy range that China promised to offer in 2008 with the BeiDou system?", "id": "56e10245e3433e1400422a97", "answers": [{"text": "10 meters", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the timing and speed that China promised to offer in 2008 with the BeiDou system?", "id": "56e10245e3433e1400422a98", "answers": [{"text": "timing of 0.2 microseconds, and speed of 0.2 meters/second", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10 meters", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "China would offer a closed service with an accuracy of what?", "id": "5acd35ea07355d001abf3964", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "open service with an accuracy of 10 meters, timing of 0.2 microseconds, and speed of 0.2 meters/second", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "Japan announced what on November 2nd, 2006? ", "id": "5acd35ea07355d001abf3965", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "0.2 microseconds", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "Japan promised a timing speed of what with its open service?", "id": "5acd35ea07355d001abf3966", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "0.2 meters/second.", "answer_start": 158}], "question": "Japan promised a speed of what with its open service?", "id": "5acd35ea07355d001abf3967", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "open service with an accuracy of 10 meters, timing of 0.2 microseconds, and speed of 0.2 meters/second", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "China announced what on November 22nd, 2006? ", "id": "5acd35ea07355d001abf3968", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On 2 November 2006, China announced that from 2008 BeiDou would offer an open service with an accuracy of 10 meters, timing of 0.2 microseconds, and speed of 0.2 meters/second.[citation needed]"}], ["Menurut China setiap hari. Lima belas tahun selepas sistem satelit dilancarkan, ia kini menjana $ 31.5 bilion untuk syarikat-syarikat utama seperti China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, dan China North Industries Group Corp. <Berapa lama dahulu Sistem BeiDou Satellite pertama dilancarkan ? || Lima belas tahun <> Berapa banyak pendapatan untuk syarikat yang dihasilkan oleh sistem BDS? || $ 31.5 bilion <> Apa beberapa syarikat yang mendapat keuntungan dari sistem BDS? || China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, dan China North Industries Group Corp. <Berapa lama dahulu Sistem BlueDynamite Satellite pertama dilancarkan? || <> Berapakah pendapatan bagi syarikat yang dihasilkan oleh sistem ABC? || <> Apa beberapa syarikat yang mengalami kerugian daripada sistem BDS? || <> 17 tahun selepas ia dilancarkan, berapa sistem satelit menjana keuntungan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How long ago was the BeiDou Satellite System first launched?", "id": "56e0fb457aa994140058e863", "answers": [{"text": "Fifteen years", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much revenue for companies is generated by the BDS system?", "id": "56e0fb457aa994140058e864", "answers": [{"text": "$31.5 billion", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some companies that profit from the BDS system?", "id": "56e0fb457aa994140058e865", "answers": [{"text": "China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp.", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Fifteen years", "answer_start": 26}], "question": "How long ago was the BlueDynamite Satellite System first launched?", "id": "5acd331d07355d001abf3920", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "$31.5 billion", "answer_start": 102}], "question": "How much revenue for companies is generated by the ABC system?", "id": "5acd331d07355d001abf3921", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp.", "answer_start": 144}], "question": "What are some companies that experience losses from the BDS system?", "id": "5acd331d07355d001abf3922", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "$31.5 billion", "answer_start": 102}], "question": "17 years after it's launch, how much does the satellite system generate in profit?", "id": "5acd331d07355d001abf3923", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to China daily. Fifteen years after the satellite system was launched, it is now generating $31.5 billion for major companies such as China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp."}], ["Pada pertengahan 2015, China memulakan pembentukan sistem BeiDou generasi ketiga (BDS-3) dalam rajah liputan global. Satelit BDS-3 pertama dilancarkan pada 30 September 2015. Sehingga Mac 2016, 4 satelit pengesahan satelit BDS-3 telah dilancarkan. <> Bilakah China mula membina sistem BeiDou yang ketiga? || pertengahan 2015 <> Apakah sistem BeiDou yang ketiga dipanggil? || BDS-3 <> Bilakah satelit BDS-3 yang pertama dilancarkan? || 30 September 2015 <> Berapa banyak satelit BDS-3 yang telah dilancarkan? || 4 <> Sistem mana yang China mula membina pada bulan Mac 2017? || <> Satelit mana yang pertama kali dilancarkan pada 27 September 2015? || <> Pada bulan mana pada 2016 ada 17 satelit BDS-3 di orbit? || <> Bilakah Afrika mula membina sistem BeiDou yang ketiga? || <> Berapa banyak satelit BDS-20 yang telah dilancarkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did China begin constructing the third BeiDou system?", "id": "56e0f2db231d4119001ac4c0", "answers": [{"text": "mid 2015", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the third BeiDou system called?", "id": "56e0f2db231d4119001ac4c1", "answers": [{"text": "BDS-3", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the first BDS-3 satellite launched?", "id": "56e0f2db231d4119001ac4c2", "answers": [{"text": "30 September 2015", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many BDS-3 satellites have been launched?", "id": "56e0f2db231d4119001ac4c3", "answers": [{"text": "4", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BDS-3", "answer_start": 79}], "question": "Which system did China start building in March of 2017?", "id": "5acd32be07355d001abf38f0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BDS-3 satellite", "answer_start": 134}], "question": "Which satellite was first launched on September 27th, 2015?", "id": "5acd32be07355d001abf38f1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "March", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "As of which month during 2016 were there 17 BDS-3 satellites in orbit?", "id": "5acd32be07355d001abf38f2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mid 2015", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did Africa begin constructing the third BeiDou system?", "id": "5acd32be07355d001abf38f3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "4", "answer_start": 200}], "question": "How many BDS-20 satellites have been launched?", "id": "5acd32be07355d001abf38f4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In-mid 2015, China started the build-up of the third generation BeiDou system (BDS-3) in the global coverage constellation. The first BDS-3 satellite was launched 30 September 2015. As of March 2016, 4 BDS-3 in-orbit validation satellites have been launched."}], ["Pada bulan Februari 2007, satelit keempat dan terakhir sistem BeiDou-1, BeiDou-1D (kadang-kadang dipanggil BeiDou-2A, berfungsi sebagai satelit sandaran), dihantar ke ruang angkasa. Dilaporkan bahawa satelit telah mengalami kerosakan sistem kawalan tetapi kemudian dipulihkan sepenuhnya. <> Bilakah satelit keempat untuk sistem BeiDou-1 dilancarkan? || Februari 2007 <> Apakah nama satelit BeiDou-1 keempat? || BeiDou-1D <> Apa yang dipanggil kadang-kadang satelit BeiDou-1D? || BeiDou-2A <> Apakah maksud satelit BeiDou-1D? || berfungsi sebagai satelit sandaran <> Apa yang berlaku kepada satelit BeiDou-1D yang perlu dibaiki? || satu kerosakan sistem kawalan <> Di mana bulan 2007 adalah satelit kelima untuk sistem BeiDou-1 yang dilancarkan? || <> Apakah nama rasmi satelit BeiDou-2 kelima? || <> Satelit yang berfungsi sebagai satelit front-end? || <> Satelit mana yang kadang-kadang dipanggil BeiDou-2C? || <> Menurut laporan, satelit mempunyai masalah dengan sistem apa dan tidak pernah dipulihkan sepenuhnya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the fourth satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?", "id": "56e1030ae3433e1400422a9c", "answers": [{"text": "February 2007", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the fourth BeiDou-1 satellite?", "id": "56e1030ae3433e1400422a9d", "answers": [{"text": "BeiDou-1D", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the BeiDou-1D satellite sometimes called?", "id": "56e1030ae3433e1400422a9e", "answers": [{"text": "BeiDou-2A", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the purpose of the BeiDou-1D satellite?", "id": "56e1030ae3433e1400422a9f", "answers": [{"text": "serving as a backup satellite", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened to the BeiDou-1D satellite that needed to be repaired?", "id": "56e1030ae3433e1400422aa0", "answers": [{"text": "a control system malfunction", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "February", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "In which month of 2007 was the fifth satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?", "id": "5acd36d207355d001abf396e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BeiDou-1D", "answer_start": 72}], "question": "What is the official name of the fifth BeiDou-2 satellite?", "id": "5acd36d207355d001abf396f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BeiDou-1D", "answer_start": 72}], "question": "Which satellite serves as a front-end satellite?", "id": "5acd36d207355d001abf3970", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BeiDou-1D", "answer_start": 72}], "question": "Which satellite is sometimes called BeiDou-2C?", "id": "5acd36d207355d001abf3971", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "control system", "answer_start": 222}], "question": "According to reports, the satellite had issues with what system and was never fully restored?", "id": "5acd36d207355d001abf3972", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In February 2007, the fourth and last satellite of the BeiDou-1 system, BeiDou-1D (sometimes called BeiDou-2A, serving as a backup satellite), was sent up into space. It was reported that the satellite had suffered from a control system malfunction but was then fully restored."}], ["Idea asal sistem navigasi satelit China disusun oleh Chen Fangyun dan rakan-rakannya pada tahun 1980-an. Menurut Pentadbiran Angkasa Negara China, pembangunan sistem itu akan dijalankan dalam tiga langkah: <> Siapa yang pertama kali datang dengan idea untuk sistem navigasi satelit China? || Chen Fangyun dan rakan-rakannya <> Ketika Chen Fangyun datang dengan idea untuk sistem navigasi satelit? || pada 1980-an <> Pentadbiran Angkasa Negara China berkata sistem navigasi satelit akan dibangunkan dalam berapa banyak langkah? || tiga <> Siapa yang pertama kali datang dengan idea untuk sistem navigasi satelit Jepun? || <> Bilakah Chen Fangyun datang dengan idea untuk sistem navigasi laut? || <> Pentadbiran Angkasa Negara Amerika berkata sistem navigasi satelit akan dibangunkan dalam berapa banyak langkah? || <> Apa idea Chen Fangyun muncul pada tahun 1924? || <> Siapa kata sistem itu akan dibangunkan dalam empat langkah total? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who first came up with the idea for a Chinese satellite navigation system?", "id": "56e0fd33231d4119001ac54c", "answers": [{"text": "Chen Fangyun and his colleagues", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Chen Fangyun come up with the idea for a satellite navigation system?", "id": "56e0fd33231d4119001ac54d", "answers": [{"text": "in the 1980s", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The China National Space Administration said the satellite navigation system would be developed in how many steps?", "id": "56e0fd33231d4119001ac54e", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Chen Fangyun and his colleagues", "answer_start": 76}], "question": "Who first came up with the idea for a Japanese satellite navigation system?", "id": "5acd345807355d001abf3946", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1980s", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "When did Chen Fangyun come up with the idea for an ocean navigation system?", "id": "5acd345807355d001abf3947", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 230}], "question": "The American National Space Administration said the satellite navigation system would be developed in how many steps?", "id": "5acd345807355d001abf3948", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "satellite navigation system", "answer_start": 31}], "question": "What idea did Chen Fangyun come up with in 1924?", "id": "5acd345807355d001abf3949", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "China National Space Administration", "answer_start": 139}], "question": "Who said the system would be developed in four total steps?", "id": "5acd345807355d001abf394a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The original idea of a Chinese satellite navigation system was conceived by Chen Fangyun and his colleagues in the 1980s. According to the China National Space Administration, the development of the system would be carried out in three steps:"}], ["Nama bahasa Inggeris rasmi sistem ialah BeiDou Sistem Navigasi Satelit. Ia dinamakan sempena buruj Big Dipper, yang dikenali dalam bahasa Cina sebagai B\u011bid\u01d2u. Nama ini secara harfiah bermaksud \"Utara Dipper\", nama yang diberikan oleh ahli astronomi China kuno kepada tujuh bintang paling terang dari Ursa Major buruj. Secara sejarah, set bintang ini digunakan dalam navigasi untuk mencari Polaris Bintang Utara. Oleh itu, nama BeiDou juga berfungsi sebagai metafora untuk tujuan sistem navigasi satelit. <> Apakah Sistem Satelit Navigasi BeiDou dinamakan selepas? || buruj Big Dipper <> Apakah buruj Big Dipper yang disebut dalam bahasa Cina? || B\u011bid\u01d2u <> Apa B\u011bid\u01d2u diterjemahkan sebagai? || Utara Dipper <> Yang menamakan konstelasi B\u011bid\u01d2u? || ahli astronomi Cina kuno <> Apa yang digunakan oleh buruj B\u011bid\u01d2u? || untuk mencari North Star Polaris <> Sistem Satelit mana yang dinamakan selepas Little Dipper? || <> Apakah buruj Big Dipper yang dikenali dalam bahasa Jepun? || <> Apa yang diterjemahkan Yu\u00e8li\u00e0ng sebagai? || <> Apakah buruj Little Dipper digunakan? || <> Ahli antropologi purba menamakan konstelasi apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System named after?", "id": "56e0fca4231d4119001ac53e", "answers": [{"text": "the Big Dipper constellation", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Big Dipper constellation known as in Chinese?", "id": "56e0fca4231d4119001ac53f", "answers": [{"text": "B\u011bid\u01d2u", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does B\u011bid\u01d2u translate as?", "id": "56e0fca4231d4119001ac540", "answers": [{"text": "Northern Dipper", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who named the constellation B\u011bid\u01d2u?", "id": "56e0fca4231d4119001ac541", "answers": [{"text": "ancient Chinese astronomers", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the B\u011bid\u01d2u constellation used for?", "id": "56e0fca4231d4119001ac542", "answers": [{"text": "to locate the North Star Polaris", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BeiDou Navigation Satellite System", "answer_start": 43}], "question": "Which Satellite System is named after the Little Dipper?", "id": "5acd33c007355d001abf3932", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "B\u011bid\u01d2u", "answer_start": 156}], "question": "What is the Big Dipper constellation known as in Japanese?", "id": "5acd33c007355d001abf3933", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Northern Dipper", "answer_start": 190}], "question": "What does Yu\u00e8li\u00e0ng translate as?", "id": "5acd33c007355d001abf3934", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to locate the North Star Polaris", "answer_start": 371}], "question": "What was the Little Dipper constellation used for?", "id": "5acd33c007355d001abf3935", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "B\u011bid\u01d2u", "answer_start": 156}], "question": "Ancient anthropologists named the constellation what?", "id": "5acd33c007355d001abf3936", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The official English name of the system is BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. It is named after the Big Dipper constellation, which is known in Chinese as B\u011bid\u01d2u. The name literally means \"Northern Dipper\", the name given by ancient Chinese astronomers to the seven brightest stars of the Ursa Major constellation. Historically, this set of stars was used in navigation to locate the North Star Polaris. As such, the name BeiDou also serves as a metaphor for the purpose of the satellite navigation system."}], ["Sistem Satelit Navigasi BeiDou (BDS, memudahkan bahasa Cina: \u5317\u6597 \u536b\u661f \u5bfc\u822a \u7cfb\u7edf; bahasa Cina tradisional: \u5317\u6597 \u885b\u661f \u5c0e\u822a \u7cfb\u7d71; pinyin: B\u011bid\u01d2u w\u00e8ix\u012bng d\u01ceoh\u00e1ng x\u00ect\u01d2ng) adalah sistem navigasi satelit Cina. Ia terdiri daripada dua buruj satelit berasingan - sistem ujian terhad yang telah beroperasi sejak tahun 2000, dan sistem navigasi global skala penuh yang sedang dalam pembinaan. <> Apakah Sistem Satelit Navigasi BeiDou? || sistem navigasi satelit Cina <> Berapa banyak bintang satelit yang mempunyai Sistem Satelit Navigasi BeiDou? || dua buruj satelit yang berasingan <> Apakah dua buruj satelit? || sistem ujian terhad yang telah beroperasi sejak 2000 dan sistem navigasi global skala penuh <> Berapa lamakah sistem ujian terhad telah beroperasi? || sejak 2000 <> Bagaimana Sistem Satelit Navigasi BeiDou ditulis dalam bahasa Cina tradisional? ||\u5317\u6597 \u885b\u661f \u5c0e\u822a \u7cfb\u7d71 <> Apakah Sistem Satelit Terhad Terbatas? || <> Sistem Satelit Navigasi BeiDou terdiri daripada 3 yang berasingan? || <> Sistem jenis apa yang telah beroperasi sejak 2010? || <> Sistem manakah yang tidak lagi dalam pembinaan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System?", "id": "56e0ebae7aa994140058e7cb", "answers": [{"text": "a Chinese satellite navigation system", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many satellite constellations does the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System have?", "id": "56e0ebae7aa994140058e7cc", "answers": [{"text": "two separate satellite constellations", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the two satellite constellations?", "id": "56e0ebae7aa994140058e7cd", "answers": [{"text": "a limited test system that has been operating since 2000, and a full-scale global navigation system", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long has the limited test system been operating?", "id": "56e0ebae7aa994140058e7ce", "answers": [{"text": "since 2000", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System written in traditional Chinese?", "id": "56e0ebae7aa994140058e7cf", "answers": [{"text": "\u5317\u6597\u885b\u661f\u5c0e\u822a\u7cfb\u7d71", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Chinese satellite navigation system", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "What is the Limited Navigation Satellite System?", "id": "5acd2f4507355d001abf3836", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "satellite constellations", "answer_start": 215}], "question": "The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System consists of 3 separate what? ", "id": "5acd2f4507355d001abf3837", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "limited test system", "answer_start": 244}], "question": "What type of system has been operating since 2010?", "id": "5acd2f4507355d001abf3838", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a full-scale global navigation system", "answer_start": 304}], "question": "Which system is no longer under construction?", "id": "5acd2f4507355d001abf3839", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS, simplified Chinese: \u5317\u6597\u536b\u661f\u5bfc\u822a\u7cfb\u7edf; traditional Chinese: \u5317\u6597\u885b\u661f\u5c0e\u822a\u7cfb\u7d71; pinyin: B\u011bid\u01d2u w\u00e8ix\u012bng d\u01ceoh\u00e1ng x\u00ect\u01d2ng) is a Chinese satellite navigation system. It consists of two separate satellite constellations \u2013 a limited test system that has been operating since 2000, and a full-scale global navigation system that is currently under construction."}], ["Sistem BeiDou pertama, secara rasmi dipanggil BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System (bahasa Cina: \u5317\u6597 \u536b\u661f \u5bfc\u822a \u8bd5\u9a8c \u7cfb\u7edf; bahasa Cina tradisional: \u5317\u6597 \u885b\u661f \u5bfc\u822a \u8a66\u9a57 \u7cfb\u7d71; pinyin: B\u011bid\u01d2u w\u00e8ix\u012bng d\u01ceoh\u00e1ng sh\u00ecy\u00e0n x\u00ect\u01d2ng) dan juga dikenali sebagai BeiDou-1, terdiri dari tiga satelit dan menawarkan liputan terhad dan aplikasi. Ia telah menawarkan perkhidmatan navigasi, terutamanya untuk pelanggan di China dan kawasan jiran, sejak tahun 2000. <> Apa sistem BeiDou yang pertama dipanggil? || BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System <> Siapa yang BeiDou-1 beroperasi? || terutamanya untuk pelanggan di China dan kawasan berdekatan <> Apakah nama lain untuk Sistem Eksperimen Navigasi Satelit BeiDou? || BeiDou-1 <> Berapa banyak satelit yang ada di BeiDou-1? || tiga <> Berapa lamakah BeiDou-1 beroperasi? || sejak 2000 <> Sistem mana yang telah menawarkan perkhidmatan kepada pelanggan di China sejak tahun 1997? || <> Sistem apa yang dikenali juga sebagai BeiDou-2? || <> BeiDou-1 terdiri daripada 7 satelit dan menawarkan apa? || <> Sistem apa yang menawarkan perkhidmatan kepada pelanggan di dalam dan di sekitar Peru? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the first BeiDou system called?", "id": "56e0ec76231d4119001ac44e", "answers": [{"text": "the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does the BeiDou-1 operate for?", "id": "56e0ec76231d4119001ac44f", "answers": [{"text": "mainly for customers in China and neighboring regions", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System?", "id": "56e0ec76231d4119001ac450", "answers": [{"text": "BeiDou-1", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many satellites does the BeiDou-1 have?", "id": "56e0ec76231d4119001ac451", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long has the BeiDou-1 been operating?", "id": "56e0ec76231d4119001ac452", "answers": [{"text": "since 2000", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BeiDou", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "Which system has been offering services to customers in China since 1997?", "id": "5acd303507355d001abf3870", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System", "answer_start": 43}], "question": "What system is also known as BeiDou-2?", "id": "5acd303507355d001abf3871", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "limited coverage and applications.", "answer_start": 275}], "question": "BeiDou-1 consists of 7 satellites and offers what? ", "id": "5acd303507355d001abf3872", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BeiDou-1", "answer_start": 225}], "question": "What system offers services to customers in and around Peru?", "id": "5acd303507355d001abf3873", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The first BeiDou system, officially called the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System (simplified Chinese: \u5317\u6597\u536b\u661f\u5bfc\u822a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7cfb\u7edf; traditional Chinese: \u5317\u6597\u885b\u661f\u5c0e\u822a\u8a66\u9a57\u7cfb\u7d71; pinyin: B\u011bid\u01d2u w\u00e8ix\u012bng d\u01ceoh\u00e1ng sh\u00ecy\u00e0n x\u00ect\u01d2ng) and also known as BeiDou-1, consists of three satellites and offers limited coverage and applications. It has been offering navigation services, mainly for customers in China and neighboring regions, since 2000."}], ["Generasi kedua sistem, yang secara rasmi dikenali sebagai BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) dan juga dikenali sebagai COMPASS atau BeiDou-2, akan menjadi sistem navigasi satelit global yang terdiri daripada 35 satelit, dan sedang dibina pada Januari 2015 [update] . Ia beroperasi di China pada bulan Disember 2011, dengan 10 satelit digunakan, dan mula menawarkan perkhidmatan kepada pelanggan di rantau Asia-Pasifik pada bulan Disember 2012. Ia dirancang untuk memulakan melayani pelanggan global setelah siap pada tahun 2020. <> Apa itu nama generasi kedua BDS? || BeiDou Sistem Satelit Navigasi <> Apakah nama lain untuk Sistem Satelit Navigasi BeiDou? || COMPASS atau BeiDou-2 <> Berapa banyak satelit yang akan mempunyai BeiDou-2? || 35 <> Bilakah BeiDou-2 memulakan pembinaan? || Januari 2015 <> Bilakah BeiDou-2 mula beroperasi? || Disember 2011 <> Sistem mana yang sedang dibina sehingga Mei 2017? || <> Sistem manakah yang juga dikenali sebagai COMPANION atau BeiDou-23? || <> Sistem mana yang telah beroperasi di China sejak Disember 2012? || <> BeiDou-1 mempunyai berapa banyak satelit yang digunakan? || <> BeiDou-2 mula menawarkan perkhidmatan kepada pelanggan di Amerika Selatan dalam tahun berapa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the second generation of BDS?", "id": "56e0f1b0231d4119001ac48a", "answers": [{"text": "BeiDou Navigation Satellite System", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System?", "id": "56e0f1b0231d4119001ac48b", "answers": [{"text": "COMPASS or BeiDou-2", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many satellites will the BeiDou-2 have?", "id": "56e0f1b0231d4119001ac48c", "answers": [{"text": "35", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the BeiDou-2 begin construction?", "id": "56e0f1b0231d4119001ac48d", "answers": [{"text": "January 2015", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the BeiDou-2 begin operating?", "id": "56e0f1b0231d4119001ac48e", "answers": [{"text": "December 2011", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BeiDou Navigation Satellite System", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "Which system is under construction until May 2017? ", "id": "5acd30f207355d001abf389a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BeiDou Navigation Satellite System", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "Which system is also known as COMPANION or BeiDou-23?", "id": "5acd30f207355d001abf389b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BeiDou Navigation Satellite System", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "Which system has been operating in China since December 2012?", "id": "5acd30f207355d001abf389c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 321}], "question": "BeiDou-1 has how many satellites in use?", "id": "5acd30f207355d001abf389d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 423}], "question": "BeiDou-2 began offering services to customers in South America in what year?", "id": "5acd30f207355d001abf389e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The second generation of the system, officially called the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and also known as COMPASS or BeiDou-2, will be a global satellite navigation system consisting of 35 satellites, and is under construction as of January 2015[update]. It became operational in China in December 2011, with 10 satellites in use, and began offering services to customers in the Asia-Pacific region in December 2012. It is planned to begin serving global customers upon its completion in 2020."}], ["Menurut Sun Jiadong, ketua pereka sistem navigasi, \"Banyak organisasi telah menggunakan sistem kami untuk seketika, dan mereka sangat menyukainya.\" <> Siapa pereka utama sistem navigasi BeiDou? || Sun Jiadong <> Apa yang Sun Sun mengatakan mengenai sistem navigasi BeiDou? || \"Banyak organisasi telah menggunakan sistem kami seketika, dan mereka sangat menyukainya.\" <> Siapa Sun Jiadong? || pereka utama sistem navigasi <> Siapa yang mengatakan bahawa banyak organisasi tidak suka sistem itu? || <> Moon Jiadong mengatakan bahawa banyak organisasi telah melakukan apa? || <> Menurut Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif, bagaimana banyak organisasi merasa tentang sistem ini? || <> Siapa yang dipetik sebagai berkata tidak banyak organisasi telah menggunakan sistem ini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is the chief designer of the BeiDou navigation system?", "id": "56e10a27cd28a01900c674ab", "answers": [{"text": "Sun Jiadong", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Sun Jiadong have to say about the BeiDou navigation system?", "id": "56e10a27cd28a01900c674ac", "answers": [{"text": "\"Many organizations have been using our system for a while, and they like it very much.\"", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is Sun Jiadong?", "id": "56e10a27cd28a01900c674ad", "answers": [{"text": "the chief designer of the navigation system", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sun Jiadong", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "Who says that many organizations dislike the system?", "id": "5acd440307355d001abf3b32", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "using our system for a while,", "answer_start": 101}], "question": "Moon Jiadong says that many organizations have been doing what?", "id": "5acd440307355d001abf3b33", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "they like it very much", "answer_start": 135}], "question": "According to the CEO, how do many organizations feel about the system?", "id": "5acd440307355d001abf3b34", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sun Jiadong", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "Who is quoted as saying not many organizations have used the system?", "id": "5acd440307355d001abf3b35", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to Sun Jiadong, the chief designer of the navigation system, \"Many organizations have been using our system for a while, and they like it very much.\""}], ["Satelit pertama, BeiDou-1A, dilancarkan pada 31 Oktober 2000. Satelit kedua, BeiDou-1B, telah berjaya dilancarkan pada 21 Disember 2000. Satelit operasi terakhir buruj, BeiDou-1C, dilancarkan pada 25 Mei , 2003. <> Bilakah satelit pertama untuk sistem BeiDou-1 dilancarkan? || 31 Oktober 2000 <> Apakah satelit pertama yang dipanggil sistem BeiDou-1? || BeiDou-1A <> Bilakah satelit kedua untuk sistem BeiDou-1 dilancarkan? || 21 Disember 2000 <> Apakah satelit kedua untuk sistem BeiDou-1 yang dipanggil? || BeiDou-1B <> Bilakah satelit terakhir untuk sistem BeiDou-1 dilancarkan? || 25 Mei 2003 <> Pada tahun apakah satelit kelima dan akhir dilancarkan? || <> Dalam bulan apakah satelit yang keempat dan terakhir dilancarkan? || <> Pada tahun apakah satelit pertama, BeiDou-1C, dilancarkan? || <> Pada bulan apakah satelit pertama, BeiDou-1X, dilancarkan? || <> Satelit kedua dinamakan BeiDou-12b dan dilancarkan pada bulan Disember tahun berapa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the first satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?", "id": "56e10745cd28a01900c6745f", "answers": [{"text": "October 31, 2000", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first satellite for the BeiDou-1 system called?", "id": "56e10745cd28a01900c67460", "answers": [{"text": "BeiDou-1A", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the second satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?", "id": "56e10745cd28a01900c67461", "answers": [{"text": "December 21, 2000", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the second satellite for the BeiDou-1 system called?", "id": "56e10745cd28a01900c67462", "answers": [{"text": "BeiDou-1B", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the last satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?", "id": "56e10745cd28a01900c67463", "answers": [{"text": "May 25, 2003", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 235}], "question": "In what year was the fifth and final satellite launched? ", "id": "5acd3f4f07355d001abf3a38", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "May", "answer_start": 227}], "question": "In what month was the fourth and final satellite launched?", "id": "5acd3f4f07355d001abf3a39", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2000", "answer_start": 60}], "question": "In what year was the first satellite, BeiDou-1C, launched?", "id": "5acd3f4f07355d001abf3a3a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "October", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "In what month was the first satellite, BeiDou-1X, launched?", "id": "5acd3f4f07355d001abf3a3b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2000", "answer_start": 141}], "question": "The second satellite was named BeiDou-12b and was launched in December of what year?", "id": "5acd3f4f07355d001abf3a3c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The first satellite, BeiDou-1A, was launched on October 31, 2000. The second satellite, BeiDou-1B, was successfully launched on December 21, 2000. The last operational satellite of the constellation, BeiDou-1C, was launched on May 25, 2003."}], ["Pada tahun 2007, rasmi agensi berita Xinhua melaporkan bahawa resolusi sistem BeiDou adalah setinggi 0.5 meter. Dengan terminal pengguna yang sedia ada ternyata ketepatan yang dikalibrasi adalah 20m (100m, tidak teralibrasi). <> Pada tahun 2007, apakah resolusi dilaporkan mengenai sistem BeiDou? || setinggi 0.5 meter <> Apakah ketepatan yang dikalibkan oleh sistem BeiDou? || 20m <> Apakah ketepatan yang tidak teralibrasi sistem BeiDou? || 100m <> Siapa yang melaporkan resolusi sistem BeiDou pada tahun 2007? || rasmi Xinhua News Agency <> Menurut agensi berita mana resolusi BeiDou setinggi? 7 meter? || <> Pada tahun 2008, Agensi Berita XinHuang melaporkan resolusi Sistem BeiDou sebagai tinggi? || <> Tidak ada terminal, tetapi ketepatan penentukuran masih apa? || <> Mengikut agensi berita mana yang merupakan resolusi monitor BeiDou-1X setinggi .08 meter? || <> Apakah ketepatan yang tidak teralibrasi daripada sistem generasi kedua BeiDou? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In 2007, what was the reported resolution of the BeiDou system?", "id": "56e108e7cd28a01900c67487", "answers": [{"text": "as high as 0.5 metres", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the calibrated accuracy of the BeiDou system?", "id": "56e108e7cd28a01900c67488", "answers": [{"text": "20m", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the uncalibrated accuracy of the BeiDou system?", "id": "56e108e7cd28a01900c67489", "answers": [{"text": "100m", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who reported the resolution of the BeiDou system in 2007?", "id": "56e108e7cd28a01900c6748a", "answers": [{"text": "the official Xinhua News Agency", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Xinhua News Agency", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "According to which news agency was the BeiDou resolution as high as .7 metres?", "id": "5acd414c07355d001abf3a92", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "0.5 metres", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "In 2008, the XinHuang News Agency reported the resolution of the BeiDou System as how high?", "id": "5acd414c07355d001abf3a93", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "20m", "answer_start": 194}], "question": "There are no terminals, but the calibration accuracy is still what? ", "id": "5acd414c07355d001abf3a94", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Xinhua News Agency", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "According to which news agency was the BeiDou-1X monitor resolution as high as .08 metres?", "id": "5acd414c07355d001abf3a95", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "100m", "answer_start": 199}], "question": "What is the uncalibrated accuracy of the BeiDou second generation system?", "id": "5acd414c07355d001abf3a96", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2007, the official Xinhua News Agency reported that the resolution of the BeiDou system was as high as 0.5 metres. With the existing user terminals it appears that the calibrated accuracy is 20m (100m, uncalibrated)."}], ["BeiDou-2 (dahulunya dikenali sebagai COMPASS) bukanlah pelanjutan kepada BeiDou-1 yang lebih tua, tetapi menggantikannya secara terang-terangan. Sistem baru ini akan menjadi sebuah konstelasi 35 satelit, termasuk 5 satelit orbit geostasioner untuk keserasian ke belakang dengan BeiDou-1, dan 30 satelit tidak geostationary (27 dalam orbit Bumi sederhana dan 3 dalam orbit geosynchronous condong), yang akan menawarkan liputan lengkap dari dunia. <> Apakah sistem BeiDou-2 yang sebelum ini dikenali sebagai? || COMPASS <> Bagaimana mungkin satelit mempunyai sistem BeiDou-2? || 35 <> Berapa satelit orbit geostasioner akan sistem BeiDou-2? || 5 <> Berapa satelit orbit tidak geostasioner akan sistem BeiDou-2? || 30 <> Apakah maksud satelit orbit geostasioner dalam sistem BeiDou-2? || untuk keserasian ke belakang dengan BeiDou-1 <> Apakah BeiDou-3 dahulunya dikenali sebagai? || <> MAPS adalah nama bekas satelit mana? || <> Sistem mana yang akan terdiri daripada 40 satelit? || <> Sistem lama akan terdiri daripada berapa satelit satelit bukan geostationary? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the BeiDou-2 system previously known as?", "id": "56e10ac2cd28a01900c674b9", "answers": [{"text": "COMPASS", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How may satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?", "id": "56e10ac2cd28a01900c674ba", "answers": [{"text": "35", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many geostationary orbit satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?", "id": "56e10ac2cd28a01900c674bb", "answers": [{"text": "5", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many non-geostationary orbit satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?", "id": "56e10ac2cd28a01900c674bc", "answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the purpose of the geostationary orbit satellites in the BeiDou-2 system?", "id": "56e10ac2cd28a01900c674bd", "answers": [{"text": "for backward compatibility with BeiDou-1", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "COMPASS", "answer_start": 28}], "question": "What was BeiDou-3 formerly known as?", "id": "5acd449507355d001abf3b56", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BeiDou-2", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "MAPS is the former name of which satellite?", "id": "5acd449507355d001abf3b57", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The new system", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "Which system will consist of 40 satellites? ", "id": "5acd449507355d001abf3b58", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 265}], "question": "The old system will consist of how many non-geostationary satellites satellites?", "id": "5acd449507355d001abf3b59", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "BeiDou-2 (formerly known as COMPASS) is not an extension to the older BeiDou-1, but rather supersedes it outright. The new system will be a constellation of 35 satellites, which include 5 geostationary orbit satellites for backward compatibility with BeiDou-1, and 30 non-geostationary satellites (27 in medium Earth orbit and 3 in inclined geosynchronous orbit), that will offer complete coverage of the globe."}], ["BeiDou-1 adalah sistem navigasi wilayah eksperimen, yang terdiri daripada empat satelit (tiga satelit kerja dan satu satelit sandaran). Satelit itu sendiri berdasarkan satelit komunikasi satelit DFH-3 Cina dan mempunyai berat peluncuran 1,000 kilogram (2,200 pound) setiap satu. <> Apakah BeiDou-1? || sistem navigasi serantau eksperimen <> The BeiDou-1 terdiri dari bagaimana mungkin satelit? || empat <> Berapa banyak satelit dalam sistem BeiDou-1 yang digunakan untuk membuat sandaran? || satu <> Apakah satelit sistem BeiDou-1 berdasarkan? || satelit komunikasi geostasioner Cina DFH-3 <> Berapakah satelit setiap untuk sistem BeiDou-1? || 1,000 kilogram (2,200 kilogram) setiap satu <> Sistem navigasi mana yang serantau dan terdiri daripada lima satelit? || <> Berat pelancaran apa yang melebihi 3,000 paun? || <> BeiDou-1 terdiri daripada empat satelit kerja dan berapa banyak sandaran? || <> BeiDou-1 terdiri daripada empat satelit sandaran dan berapa satelit berfungsi? || <> Sistem pelayaran yang mana kebangsaan dan terdiri daripada empat satelit? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the BeiDou-1?", "id": "56e105afcd28a01900c67449", "answers": [{"text": "an experimental regional navigation system", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The BeiDou-1 is made up of how may satellites?", "id": "56e105afcd28a01900c6744a", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many satellites in the BeiDou-1 system is used for back up?", "id": "56e105afcd28a01900c6744b", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the BeiDou-1 system satellites based on?", "id": "56e105afcd28a01900c6744c", "answers": [{"text": "the Chinese DFH-3 geostationary communications satellite", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did each satellite for the BeiDou-1 system weigh?", "id": "56e105afcd28a01900c6744d", "answers": [{"text": "1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) each", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BeiDou-1", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Which navigational system is regional and consists of five satellites? ", "id": "5acd3c4d07355d001abf39b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "satellites", "answer_start": 147}], "question": "The launch weight of what was over 3,000 pounds? ", "id": "5acd3c4d07355d001abf39b9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 120}], "question": "BeiDou-1 consists of four working satellites and how many backups?", "id": "5acd3c4d07355d001abf39ba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 91}], "question": "BeiDou-1 consists of four backup satellites and how many working satellites?", "id": "5acd3c4d07355d001abf39bb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BeiDou-1", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Which navigational system is national and consists of four satellites? ", "id": "5acd3c4d07355d001abf39bc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "BeiDou-1 is an experimental regional navigation system, which consists of four satellites (three working satellites and one backup satellite). The satellites themselves were based on the Chinese DFH-3 geostationary communications satellite and had a launch weight of 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) each."}], ["Pada tahun 2008, kos terminal BeiDou-1 sekitar CN \u00a5 20,000RMB (US $ 2,929), hampir 10 kali harga terminal GPS kontemporari. Harga terminal dijelaskan kerana kos mikrochips yang diimport. Di China ELEXCON Fair High Tech November 2009 di Shenzhen, sebuah terminal BeiDou berharga CN \u00a5 3,000RMB dibentangkan. <> Berapakah kos terminal terminal BeiDou-1 pada tahun 2008? || sekitar CN \u00a5 20,000RMB (US $ 2,929) <> Berapa lagi kos terminal BeiDou-1 daripada terminal GPS semasa? || hampir 10 kali harga <> Mengapa terminal tanah BeiDou-1 begitu mahal? || kerana kos mikrochip yang diimport <> Di manakah pameran ELEXCON yang diadakan pada tahun 2009? || Shenzhen <> Apa yang telah dibentangkan di pameran ELEXCON pada tahun 2009? || sebuah terminal BeiDou berharga CN \u00a5 3,000RMB <> Pada tahun apakah harga terminal terminal BeiDou-1 $ 250 USD? || <> Harga pelabuhan adalah hasil dari kos apa? || <> Harga apa yang disebabkan oleh cip makro yang diimport? || <> Harga apa yang hasil daripada harga motherboard? || <> Di mana ada terminal berharga CNY2,000RMB? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How much did a BeiDou-1 ground terminal cost in 2008?", "id": "56e109accd28a01900c67497", "answers": [{"text": "around CN\u00a520,000RMB (US$2,929)", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much more did a BeiDou-1 ground terminal cost than a current GPS terminal?", "id": "56e109accd28a01900c67498", "answers": [{"text": "almost 10 times the price", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why is a BeiDou-1 ground terminal so expensive?", "id": "56e109accd28a01900c67499", "answers": [{"text": "due to the cost of imported microchips", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the ELEXCON fair held in 2009?", "id": "56e109accd28a01900c6749a", "answers": [{"text": "Shenzhen", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was presented at the ELEXCON fair in 2009?", "id": "56e109accd28a01900c6749b", "answers": [{"text": "a BeiDou terminal priced at CN\u00a53,000RMB", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "In what year was the price of a BeiDou-1 ground terminal $250 USD?", "id": "5acd427007355d001abf3ad4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "imported microchips", "answer_start": 200}], "question": "The price of the port was a result of the cost of what?", "id": "5acd427007355d001abf3ad5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "terminals", "answer_start": 148}], "question": "The price of what was a result of imported macro chips?", "id": "5acd427007355d001abf3ad6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "terminals", "answer_start": 148}], "question": "The price of what was a result of the price of motherboards?", "id": "5acd427007355d001abf3ad7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "China High-Tech Fair ELEXCON", "answer_start": 228}], "question": "Where was there a terminal priced over CNY2,000RMB?", "id": "5acd427007355d001abf3ad8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2008, a BeiDou-1 ground terminal cost around CN\u00a520,000RMB (US$2,929), almost 10 times the price of a contemporary GPS terminal. The price of the terminals was explained as being due to the cost of imported microchips. At the China High-Tech Fair ELEXCON of November 2009 in Shenzhen, a BeiDou terminal priced at CN\u00a53,000RMB was presented."}], ["Isyarat ranging adalah berdasarkan kepada prinsip CDMA dan mempunyai struktur yang kompleks seperti Galileo atau GPS moden. Sama seperti GNSS yang lain, akan ada dua tahap perkhidmatan kedudukan: terbuka dan terhad (ketenteraan). Perkhidmatan awam hendaklah tersedia secara global kepada pengguna umum. Apabila semua sistem GNSS yang dirancang pada masa ini digunakan, pengguna akan mendapat manfaat daripada penggunaan keseluruhan konstelasi 75+ satelit, yang akan meningkatkan dengan ketara semua aspek kedudukan, terutamanya ketersediaan isyarat dalam kanun bandar yang dipanggil. Pereka umum sistem navigasi COMPASS adalah Sun Jiadong, yang juga pereka umum pendahulunya, sistem navigasi BeiDou asal. <> Apakah isyarat antara sistem BeiDou berdasarkan? || prinsip CDMA <> Apakah tahap kedudukan yang akan ditawarkan oleh sistem BeiDou? || terbuka dan terhad (tentera) <> Di manakah perkhidmatan awam untuk sistem BeiDou boleh didapati? || secara global kepada pengguna umum <> Siapa yang merancang sistem navigasi COMPASS? || Sun Jiadong <> Berapa banyak satelit yang akan digunakan oleh sistem navigasi COMPASS? || 75+ satelit <> Isyarat manakah berdasarkan prinsip ABCD? || <> Isyarat ranging mempunyai struktur mudah dan berdasarkan prinsip mana? || <> Isyarat ranging, berdasarkan prinsip Galileo, mempunyai jenis struktur apa? || <> Siapa yang merancang sistem perdagangan antarabangsa COMPASS? || <> Sistem mana yang menjadi pendahulu sistem GNSS? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the ranging signals of the BeiDou system based on?", "id": "56e10dbdcd28a01900c674e1", "answers": [{"text": "the CDMA principle", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What positioning levels will the BeiDou system offer?", "id": "56e10dbdcd28a01900c674e2", "answers": [{"text": "open and restricted (military)", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where will the public service for the BeiDou system be available?", "id": "56e10dbdcd28a01900c674e3", "answers": [{"text": "globally to general users", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who designed the COMPASS navigation system?", "id": "56e10dbdcd28a01900c674e4", "answers": [{"text": "Sun Jiadong", "answer_start": 617}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many satellites will the COMPASS navigation system use?", "id": "56e10dbdcd28a01900c674e5", "answers": [{"text": "75+ satellites", "answer_start": 412}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ranging signals", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Which signals are based on the ABCD principle? ", "id": "5acd455207355d001abf3b88", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CDMA principle", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "The ranging signals have a simple structure and are based on which principle? ", "id": "5acd455207355d001abf3b89", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "complex", "answer_start": 61}], "question": "The ranging signals, based on the Galileo principle, have what type of structure?", "id": "5acd455207355d001abf3b8a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sun Jiadong", "answer_start": 617}], "question": "Who designed the COMPASS international trade system? ", "id": "5acd455207355d001abf3b8b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BeiDou navigation system", "answer_start": 696}], "question": "Which system is the predecessor of the GNSS system?", "id": "5acd455207355d001abf3b8c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The ranging signals are based on the CDMA principle and have complex structure typical of Galileo or modernized GPS. Similar to the other GNSS, there will be two levels of positioning service: open and restricted (military). The public service shall be available globally to general users. When all the currently planned GNSS systems are deployed, the users will benefit from the use of a total constellation of 75+ satellites, which will significantly improve all the aspects of positioning, especially availability of the signals in so-called urban canyons. The general designer of the COMPASS navigation system is Sun Jiadong, who is also the general designer of its predecessor, the original BeiDou navigation system."}], ["Tidak seperti GPS Amerika, Rusia GLONASS, dan sistem Galileo Eropah, yang menggunakan satelit orbit bumi sederhana, BeiDou-1 menggunakan satelit dalam orbit geostasioner. Ini bermakna bahawa sistem itu tidak memerlukan buruj satelit yang besar, tetapi ia juga menghadkan perlindungan ke kawasan-kawasan di Bumi di mana satelit dapat dilihat. Kawasan yang boleh diservis adalah dari longitud 70 \u00b0 E hingga 140 \u00b0 E dan dari latitud 5 \u00b0 N hingga 55 \u00b0 N. Kekerapan sistem ialah 2491.75 MHz. <> Jenis satelit apa yang digunakan oleh sistem GPS Amerika? || satelit orbit bumi sederhana <> Apakah jenis satelit yang menggunakan sistem BeiDou-1? || satelit di orbit geostationary <> Apakah tujuan sistem BeiDou-1 menggunakan stallit dalam orbit geostationary? || sistem tidak memerlukan buruj besar satelit <> Kawasan perkhidmatan apa yang diliputi oleh sistem BeiDou-1? || dari bujur 70 \u00b0 E hingga 140 \u00b0 E dan dari latitud 5 \u00b0 N hingga 55 \u00b0 N <> Apakah kekerapan sistem BeiDou-1? || 2491.75 MHz <> BeiDou-1, bersama dengan GPS Amerika, menggunakan jenis satelit mana? || <> BeiDou-1, bersama dengan GLONASS Rusia, menggunakan jenis satelit mana? || <> BeiDou-1, bersama dengan sistem Galileo Eropah, menggunakan jenis satelit mana? || <> Yang mana frekuensi sistem kenderaan? || <> Walaupun, BeiDou-1 menggunakan satelit orbit bumi sederhana, sistem GPS Amerika menggunakan jenis yang mana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of satellites does the American GPS system use?", "id": "56e106b3e3433e1400422af0", "answers": [{"text": "medium Earth orbit satellites", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of satellites does the BeiDou-1 system use?", "id": "56e106b3e3433e1400422af1", "answers": [{"text": "satellites in geostationary orbit", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the purpose of the BeiDou-1 system using stallites in geostationary orbit?", "id": "56e106b3e3433e1400422af2", "answers": [{"text": "the system does not require a large constellation of satellites", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What service area is covered by the BeiDou-1 system?", "id": "56e106b3e3433e1400422af3", "answers": [{"text": "from longitude 70\u00b0E to 140\u00b0E and from latitude 5\u00b0N to 55\u00b0N", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the frequency of the BeiDou-1 system?", "id": "56e106b3e3433e1400422af4", "answers": [{"text": "2491.75 MHz", "answer_start": 449}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "medium Earth orbit satellites", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "BeiDou-1, along with American GPS, use which type of satellites? ", "id": "5acd3eef07355d001abf3a24", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "medium Earth orbit satellites", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "BeiDou-1, along with Russian GLONASS, use which type of satellites? ", "id": "5acd3eef07355d001abf3a25", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "medium Earth orbit satellites", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "BeiDou-1, along with European Galileo systems, use which type of satellites? ", "id": "5acd3eef07355d001abf3a26", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2491.75 MHz", "answer_start": 449}], "question": "Which is a frequency of the vehicular system?", "id": "5acd3eef07355d001abf3a27", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "satellites in geostationary orbit.", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "Although, BeiDou-1 uses medium Earth orbit satellites, American GPS systems use which kind?", "id": "5acd3eef07355d001abf3a28", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Unlike the American GPS, Russian GLONASS, and European Galileo systems, which use medium Earth orbit satellites, BeiDou-1 uses satellites in geostationary orbit. This means that the system does not require a large constellation of satellites, but it also limits the coverage to areas on Earth where the satellites are visible. The area that can be serviced is from longitude 70\u00b0E to 140\u00b0E and from latitude 5\u00b0N to 55\u00b0N. A frequency of the system is 2491.75 MHz."}], ["Pada bulan April 2007, satelit pertama BeiDou-2, iaitu Compass-M1 (untuk mengesahkan frekuensi untuk buruj BeiDou-2) telah berjaya dimasukkan ke orbitnya. Kompas-G2 satelit konstelasi kedua BeiDou-2 dilancarkan pada 15 April 2009. Pada 15 Januari 2010, laman web rasmi Sistem Satelit Navigasi BeiDou pergi dalam talian, dan satelit ketiga sistem (Compass-G1) dibawa ke orbitnya oleh roket Long March 3C pada 17 Januari 2010. Pada 2 Jun 2010, satelit keempat dilancarkan berjaya ke orbit. Orbiter kelima dilancarkan ke angkasa dari Pusat Pelancaran Satelit Xichang oleh roket LM-3I pada 1 Ogos 2010. Tiga bulan kemudian, pada 1 November 2010, satelit keenam telah dihantar ke orbit oleh LM-3C. Satelit lain, satelit Beidou-2 / Compass IGSO-5 (satelit orbit geosynchronous), dilancarkan dari Pusat Pelancaran Satelit Xichang oleh Long March-3A pada 1 Disember 2011 (UTC). <> Bilakah satelit pertama untuk sistem BeiDou-2 dilancarkan? || April 2007 <> Apakah satelit pertama yang dipanggil sistem BeiDou-2? || Compass-M1 <> Bilakah satelit kedua untuk sistem BeiDou-2 dilancarkan? || 15 April 2009 <> Bilakah satelit ketiga untuk sistem BeiDou-2 dilancarkan? || 17 Januari 2010 <> BeiDou-X diletakkan di orbit selama bulan 2007? || <> BeiDou-z diletakkan di orbit selama bulan 2007? || <> BeiDou-Y33 diletakkan di orbit sepanjang bulan 2007? || <> BeiJang-X diletakkan di orbit selama bulan 2007? || <> SweiDou-X diletakkan di orbit semasa bulan 2007? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the first satellite for the BeiDou-2 system launched?", "id": "56e103f6e3433e1400422ab0", "answers": [{"text": "April 2007", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the the first satellite for the BeiDou-2 system called?", "id": "56e103f6e3433e1400422ab1", "answers": [{"text": "Compass-M1", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the second satellite for the BeiDou-2 system launched?", "id": "56e103f6e3433e1400422ab3", "answers": [{"text": "15 April 2009", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the third satellite for the BeiDou-2 system launched?", "id": "56e103f6e3433e1400422ab4", "answers": [{"text": "17 January 2010", "answer_start": 452}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "April", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "BeiDou-X was put into orbit during which month of 2007?", "id": "5acd3a1e07355d001abf3990", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "August", "answer_start": 655}], "question": "BeiDou-z was put into orbit during which month of 2007?", "id": "5acd3a1e07355d001abf3991", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "April", "answer_start": 242}], "question": "BeiDou-Y33 was put into orbit during which month of 2007?", "id": "5acd3a1e07355d001abf3992", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "January", "answer_start": 455}], "question": "BeiJang-X was put into orbit during which month of 2007?", "id": "5acd3a1e07355d001abf3993", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "November", "answer_start": 693}], "question": "SweiDou-X was put into orbit during which month of 2007?", "id": "5acd3a1e07355d001abf3994", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In April 2007, the first satellite of BeiDou-2, namely Compass-M1 (to validate frequencies for the BeiDou-2 constellation) was successfully put into its working orbit. The second BeiDou-2 constellation satellite Compass-G2 was launched on 15 April 2009. On 15 January 2010, the official website of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System went online, and the system's third satellite (Compass-G1) was carried into its orbit by a Long March 3C rocket on 17 January 2010. On 2 June 2010, the fourth satellite was launched successfully into orbit. The fifth orbiter was launched into space from Xichang Satellite Launch Center by an LM-3I carrier rocket on 1 August 2010. Three months later, on 1 November 2010, the sixth satellite was sent into orbit by LM-3C. Another satellite, the Beidou-2/Compass IGSO-5 (fifth inclined geosynchonous orbit) satellite, was launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center by a Long March-3A on 1 December 2011 (UTC)."}], ["Pada bulan September 2003, China berhasrat untuk menyertai projek sistem kedudukan Galileo Eropah dan akan melabur \u20ac 230 juta (USD296 juta, GBP160 juta) di Galileo dalam beberapa tahun akan datang. Pada masa itu, dipercayai bahawa sistem navigasi \"BeiDou\" China hanya akan digunakan oleh angkatan bersenjata. Pada bulan Oktober 2004, China secara rasmi menyertai projek Galileo dengan menandatangani Perjanjian Kerjasama di Program Galileo antara \"Gabungan Bersama Galileo\" (GJU) dan \"Pusat Sensasi Jauh Nasional\" (NRSCC). Berdasarkan Perjanjian Kerjasama Sino-Eropah mengenai program Galileo, China Galileo Industries (CGI), kontraktor utama penglibatan China dalam program Galileo, ditubuhkan pada Disember 2004. Menjelang April 2006, sebelas projek kerjasama dalam rangka Galileo telah ditandatangani antara China dan EU. Walau bagaimanapun, laporan China Selatan Morning Post yang berpangkalan di Hong Kong melaporkan pada Januari 2008 bahawa China tidak puas dengan peranannya dalam projek Galileo dan untuk bersaing dengan Galileo di pasaran Asia. <> Berapakah jumlah pelaburan China dalam sistem sistem kedudukan Galileo Eropah? || \u20ac 230 juta (USD296 juta, GBP160 juta) <> Pada tahun 2003, apakah tujuan rancangan sistem navigasi BeiDou? || hanya digunakan oleh angkatan bersenjata <> Bilakah China menyertai projek Galileo? || Oktober 2004 <> Bilakah Cina Galileo Industries (CGI) diasaskan? || Disember 2004 <> Siapa kata pada tahun 2008 bahawa China tidak puas dengan penglibatannya dalam projek Galileo? || China Selatan Pagi Selatan yang berpangkalan di Hong Kong <> Pada Januari 2015, China bersedia untuk melabur berapa banyak di Galileo selama tahun-tahun berikutnya? || <> Berapa juta USD bersamaan dengan 160 juta rupee? || <> Perjanjian mana yang ditandatangani Jepun untuk menyertai projek Galileo secara rasmi? || <> Program mana yang dikatakan CGI diasaskan pada tahun 2008? || <> Menjelang April 2006, berapa banyak projek kerjasama antara Jepun dan EU telah ditandatangani? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How much was China going to invest in the European Galileo positioning system project?", "id": "56e10514e3433e1400422ad4", "answers": [{"text": "\u20ac230 million (USD296 million, GBP160 million)", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2003, what was the planned purpose of the BeiDou navigation system?", "id": "56e10514e3433e1400422ad5", "answers": [{"text": "only be used by its armed forces", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did China join the Galileo project?", "id": "56e10514e3433e1400422ad6", "answers": [{"text": "October 2004", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was China Galileo Industries (CGI) founded?", "id": "56e10514e3433e1400422ad7", "answers": [{"text": "December 2004", "answer_start": 722}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said in 2008 that China was unsatisfied with its involvement in the Galileo project?", "id": "56e10514e3433e1400422ad8", "answers": [{"text": "the Hong Kong-based South China Morning Post", "answer_start": 856}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u20ac230 million", "answer_start": 108}], "question": "In January 2015, China was set to invest how much in Galileo over the following years?", "id": "5acd3b1f07355d001abf39a4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "USD296 million", "answer_start": 122}], "question": "How many million USD is equivalent to 160 million rupees? ", "id": "5acd3b1f07355d001abf39a5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Agreement on the Cooperation in the Galileo Program", "answer_start": 380}], "question": "Which agreement did Japan sign to join the Galileo project officially?", "id": "5acd3b1f07355d001abf39a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sino-European Cooperation Agreement on Galileo program", "answer_start": 550}], "question": "Which program says CGI founded in 2008? ", "id": "5acd3b1f07355d001abf39a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "eleven", "answer_start": 752}], "question": "By April of 2006, how many cooperation projects between Japan and EU had been signed?", "id": "5acd3b1f07355d001abf39a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In September 2003, China intended to join the European Galileo positioning system project and was to invest \u20ac230 million (USD296 million, GBP160 million) in Galileo over the next few years. At the time, it was believed that China's \"BeiDou\" navigation system would then only be used by its armed forces. In October 2004, China officially joined the Galileo project by signing the Agreement on the Cooperation in the Galileo Program between the \"Galileo Joint Undertaking\" (GJU) and the \"National Remote Sensing Centre of China\" (NRSCC). Based on the Sino-European Cooperation Agreement on Galileo program, China Galileo Industries (CGI), the prime contractor of the China\u2019s involvement in Galileo programs, was founded in December 2004. By April 2006, eleven cooperation projects within the Galileo framework had been signed between China and EU. However, the Hong Kong-based South China Morning Post reported in January 2008 that China was unsatisfied with its role in the Galileo project and was to compete with Galileo in the Asian market."}], ["Sistem BeiDou-2 mula menawarkan perkhidmatan untuk rantau Asia Pasifik pada bulan Disember 2012. Pada masa ini, sistem ini dapat menyediakan data kedudukan antara longitud 55 \u00b0 E hingga 180 \u00b0 E dan dari latitud 55 \u00b0 S hingga 55 \u00b0 N. <> Bilakah sistem BeiDou-2 mula menawarkan perkhidmatan? || Disember 2012 <> Di mana sistem BeiDou-2 mula menawarkan perkhidmatan pada tahun 2012? || rantau Asia-Pasifik <> Pada masa sistem BeiDou-2 mula menawarkan perkhidmatan, apakah data kedudukan sistem yang dapat diberikan? || antara bujur 55 \u00b0 E hingga 180 \u00b0 E dan dari latitud 55 \u00b0 S hingga 55 \u00b0 N <> Semasa bulan 2015, apakah sistem BeiDou-3 mula menawarkan perkhidmatan ke Jepun? || <> Pada bulan Oktober berapa tahun apakah perkhidmatan untuk rantau Asia Pasifik bermula? || <> Sistem ini dapat memberikan data kedudukan antara 55 E hingga 180 E bujur dan ______ latitud? || <> Sistem ini dapat memberikan data kedudukan antara 55 S hingga 55 N latitud dan ______ longitud? || <> Di manakah sistem BeiDou-X mula menawarkan perkhidmatan pada bulan Disember 2012? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the BeiDou-2 system start offering services?", "id": "56e11c2bcd28a01900c675e1", "answers": [{"text": "December 2012", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the BeiDou-2 system start offering services in 2012?", "id": "56e11c2bcd28a01900c675e2", "answers": [{"text": "the Asia-Pacific region", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At the time when BeiDou-2 system began offering services, what was the positioning data the system was able to provide?", "id": "56e11c2bcd28a01900c675e3", "answers": [{"text": "between longitude 55\u00b0E to 180\u00b0E and from latitude 55\u00b0S to 55\u00b0N", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December", "answer_start": 75}], "question": "During which month of 2015 did the BeiDou-3 system begin offering services to Japan?", "id": "5acd4e4b07355d001abf3c98", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 84}], "question": "In October of what year did services for the Asia-Pacific region begin?", "id": "5acd4e4b07355d001abf3c99", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "55\u00b0S to 55\u00b0N", "answer_start": 196}], "question": "The system was able to provide positioning data between 55 E to 180 E longitude and ______ latitude? ", "id": "5acd4e4b07355d001abf3c9a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "55\u00b0E to 180\u00b0E", "answer_start": 164}], "question": "The system was able to provide positioning data between 55 S to 55 N latitude and ______ longitude?", "id": "5acd4e4b07355d001abf3c9b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Asia-Pacific region", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "Where did the BeiDou-X system begin offering services in December of 2012?", "id": "5acd4e4b07355d001abf3c9c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The BeiDou-2 system began offering services for the Asia-Pacific region in December 2012. At this time, the system could provide positioning data between longitude 55\u00b0E to 180\u00b0E and from latitude 55\u00b0S to 55\u00b0N."}], ["Ciri-ciri isyarat \"I\" pada E2 dan E5B secara amnya sama dengan kod awam awam (L1-CA dan L2C), tetapi isyarat Compass mempunyai kuasa yang lebih besar. Notasi isyarat Compass yang digunakan dalam halaman ini mengikut penamaan jalur frekuensi dan bersetuju dengan notasi yang digunakan dalam kesusasteraan Amerika mengenai subjek itu, tetapi notasi yang digunakan oleh orang Cina nampaknya berbeza dan disebut dalam barisan pertama jadual. <> Apakah perbezaan antara isyarat \"I\" pada E2 dan E5B dan kod awam dari GPS (L1-CA dan L2C)? || Isyarat kompas mempunyai kuasa yang lebih besar <> Ciri-ciri isyarat mana yang biasanya serupa dengan kod-kod ketenteraan peribadi GPS? || <> Isyarat kompas diketahui kurang? || <> Notasi Jepun boleh dijumpai di mana baris di atas meja? || <> Walaupun notasi Cina sama, boleh dijumpai di baris mana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the difference between the \"I\" signals on E2 and E5B and the civilian codes of GPS (L1-CA and L2C)?", "id": "56e11abce3433e1400422bf8", "answers": [{"text": "Compass signals have somewhat greater power", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"I\" signals on E2 and E5B", "answer_start": 23}], "question": "Which signals characteristics are usually similar to private military codes of GPS?", "id": "5acd4cd507355d001abf3c68", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "power", "answer_start": 159}], "question": "Compass signals are known to have lesser what?", "id": "5acd4cd507355d001abf3c69", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "first", "answer_start": 415}], "question": "The Japanese notation can be found in which row on the table?", "id": "5acd4cd507355d001abf3c6a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "first", "answer_start": 415}], "question": "Even though the Chinese notation is the same, it can be found on which row of the table?", "id": "5acd4cd507355d001abf3c6b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Characteristics of the \"I\" signals on E2 and E5B are generally similar to the civilian codes of GPS (L1-CA and L2C), but Compass signals have somewhat greater power. The notation of Compass signals used in this page follows the naming of the frequency bands and agrees with the notation used in the American literature on the subject, but the notation used by the Chinese seems to be different and is quoted in the first row of the table."}], ["Pada bulan Disember 2011, Xinhua menyatakan bahawa \"[t] struktur asas sistem Beidou kini telah ditubuhkan, dan para jurutera kini sedang menjalankan ujian dan penilaian sistem yang komprehensif. Sistem ini akan menyediakan perkhidmatan ujian, kedudukan dan navigasi untuk China dan kawasan jiran sebelum akhir tahun ini, menurut pihak berkuasa. \" Sistem ini beroperasi di rantau China pada bulan yang sama. Sistem navigasi global sepatutnya selesai pada tahun 2020. Sehingga Disember 2012, 16 satelit untuk BeiDou-2 telah dilancarkan, 14 daripada mereka dalam perkhidmatan. <> Bilakah sistem Beidou mula beroperasi di China? || Disember 2011 <> Bilakah dianggarkan bahawa sistem navigasi global akan selesai? || menjelang 2020 <Sehingga Disember 2012, berapa satelit telah dilancarkan untuk sistem BeiDou-2? || 16 <> Daripada 16 satelit yang dilancarkan untuk sistem BeiDou-2, berapa yang beroperasi? || 14 <> Semasa bulan 2012 apakah sistem ini mula beroperasi di China? || <> Pada bulan Jun tahun berapa sistem mula beroperasi di China? || <> Dalam bulan berapa sistem mula beroperasi di Jepun? || <> Dalam tahun berapa sistem mula beroperasi di Jepun? || <> Berapa banyak satelit telah dilancarkan pada November 2013? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Beidou system begin operating in China?", "id": "56e11d89e3433e1400422c20", "answers": [{"text": "December 2011", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When is it projected that the global navigation system will be finished?", "id": "56e11d89e3433e1400422c21", "answers": [{"text": "by 2020", "answer_start": 471}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of December 2012, how many satellites had been launched for the BeiDou-2 system?", "id": "56e11d89e3433e1400422c22", "answers": [{"text": "16", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of the 16 satellites launched for the BeiDou-2 system, how many are operational?", "id": "56e11d89e3433e1400422c23", "answers": [{"text": "14", "answer_start": 548}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "During which month of 2012 did the system begin operations in China?", "id": "5acd4eab07355d001abf3cac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "During June of what year did the system begin operations in China?", "id": "5acd4eab07355d001abf3cad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "In what month did the system begin operations in Japan?", "id": "5acd4eab07355d001abf3cae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "In what year did the system begin operations in Japan?", "id": "5acd4eab07355d001abf3caf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "16 satellites", "answer_start": 501}], "question": "How many satellites have been launched as of November, 2013?", "id": "5acd4eab07355d001abf3cb0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In December 2011, Xinhua stated that \"[t]he basic structure of the Beidou system has now been established, and engineers are now conducting comprehensive system test and evaluation. The system will provide test-run services of positioning, navigation and time for China and the neighboring areas before the end of this year, according to the authorities.\" The system became operational in the China region that same month. The global navigation system should be finished by 2020. As of December 2012, 16 satellites for BeiDou-2 have been launched, 14 of them are in service."}], ["Walaupun sedikit diumumkan secara rasmi oleh pihak berkuasa China mengenai isyarat sistem baru, pelancaran satelit COMPASS pertama yang dibenarkan penyelidik bebas bukan sahaja untuk mengkaji ciri-ciri umum isyarat, tetapi juga untuk membina penerima COMPASS. <> Berapa banyak maklumat mengenai sistem COMPASS yang dilepaskan oleh pihak berkuasa China? || sedikit diumumkan secara rasmi <> Apa satu perkara yang melancarkan satelit COMPASS pertama yang membolehkan penyelidik lakukan? || untuk mengkaji ciri-ciri umum isyarat <> Apakah perkara lain yang melancarkan satelit COMPASS pertama yang membolehkan para penyelidik lakukan? || untuk membina penerima COMPASS <> Berapa banyak maklumat mengenai isyarat sistem baru yang dikeluarkan oleh pihak berkuasa Jepun? || <> Jenis penerima apa yang membina penyelidik FBI? || <> Pelancaran satelit COMPASS yang ketiga membolehkan penyelidik melakukan apa? || <> Berapa banyak maklumat yang diberitahu pihak berkuasa Taiwan mengenai isyarat sistem lama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How much information about the COMPASS system did Chinese authorities release?", "id": "56e113edcd28a01900c67569", "answers": [{"text": "little was officially announced", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one thing launching the first COMPASS satellite enable researchers to do?", "id": "56e113edcd28a01900c6756a", "answers": [{"text": "to study general characteristics of the signals", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another thing launching the first COMPASS satellite enable researchers to do?", "id": "56e113edcd28a01900c6756b", "answers": [{"text": "to build a COMPASS receiver", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "little", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "How much information  about the new system's signals was released by Japanese authorities? ", "id": "5acd475b07355d001abf3be8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "COMPASS receiver", "answer_start": 255}], "question": "What type of receiver did FBI researchers build?", "id": "5acd475b07355d001abf3be9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "general characteristics of the signals, but even to build a COMPASS receiver", "answer_start": 195}], "question": "The launch of the third COMPASS satellite allowed for researchers to do what?", "id": "5acd475b07355d001abf3bea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "little", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "How much information did Taiwanese authorities announce about the old system's signals?", "id": "5acd475b07355d001abf3beb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Although little was officially announced by Chinese authorities about the signals of the new system, the launch of the first COMPASS satellite permitted independent researchers not only to study general characteristics of the signals, but even to build a COMPASS receiver."}], ["Kompas-M1 adalah satelit eksperimental yang dilancarkan untuk ujian dan pengesahan isyarat dan untuk pemfailan kekerapan pada 14 April 2007. Peranan Compass-M1 untuk Compass adalah serupa dengan peranan satelit GIOVE untuk sistem Galileo. Orbit Compass-M1 hampir bulat, mempunyai ketinggian 21,150 km dan kecenderungan 55,5 darjah. <> Bilakah satelit Compass-M1 dilancarkan? || 14 April 2007 <> Apakah maksud satelit Compass-M1? || untuk ujian isyarat dan pengesahan dan untuk pemfailan kekerapan <> Tujuan satelit Compass-M1 adalah sama dengan tujuan apa satelit lain? || satelit GIOVE untuk sistem Galileo <> Apakah ketinggian satelit Compass-M1? || 21,150 km <> Apakah kecenderungan satelit Compass-M1? || 55.5 darjah <> Compass-L1 ialah satelit eksperimen yang dilancarkan pada bulan bulan 2007? || <> Compass-L1 adalah satelit eksperimen yang dilancarkan pada tahun mana? || <> Compass-L1 adalah satelit percubaan dilancarkan pada hari apa? || <> Apa peranan satelit ialah Compass-L3 yang serupa? || <> Kompas M-1 mempunyai orbit persegi dan ketinggian berapa KM? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Compass-M1 satellite launched?", "id": "56e1161ccd28a01900c67579", "answers": [{"text": "14 April 2007", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the purpose of the Compass-M1 satellite?", "id": "56e1161ccd28a01900c6757a", "answers": [{"text": "for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The purpose of the Compass-M1 satellite is similar to the purpose of what other satellite?", "id": "56e1161ccd28a01900c6757b", "answers": [{"text": "the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the altitude of the Compass-M1 satellite?", "id": "56e1161ccd28a01900c6757c", "answers": [{"text": "21,150 km", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the inclination of the Compass-M1 satellite?", "id": "56e1161ccd28a01900c6757d", "answers": [{"text": "55.5 degrees", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "April", "answer_start": 118}], "question": "Compass-L1 is an experimental satellite launched during which month of 2007?", "id": "5acd4a1c07355d001abf3c14", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "Compass-L1 is an experimental satellite launched during which year?", "id": "5acd4a1c07355d001abf3c15", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "14 April 2007", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "Compass-L1 is an experimental satellite launched on what day?", "id": "5acd4a1c07355d001abf3c16", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "GIOVE satellites", "answer_start": 195}], "question": "What satellites role is the Compass-L3 similar to?", "id": "5acd4a1c07355d001abf3c17", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "21,150", "answer_start": 299}], "question": "Compass M-1 has a square orbit and an altitude of how many KM?", "id": "5acd4a1c07355d001abf3c18", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Compass-M1 is an experimental satellite launched for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing on 14 April 2007. The role of Compass-M1 for Compass is similar to the role of the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system. The orbit of Compass-M1 is nearly circular, has an altitude of 21,150 km and an inclination of 55.5 degrees."}], ["Pada bulan Disember 2011, sistem itu mula beroperasi secara percubaan. Ia telah mula menyediakan navigasi, kedudukan dan data masa ke China dan kawasan jiran secara percuma dari 27 Disember. Semasa percubaan ini, Compass akan menawarkan ketepatan kedudukan dalam jarak 25 meter, tetapi ketepatannya akan bertambah apabila lebih banyak satelit dilancarkan. Apabila pelancaran rasmi sistem itu, ia berjanji untuk menawarkan maklumat umum pengguna kedudukan tepat ke 10 m yang terdekat, mengukur kelajuan dalam 0.2 m sesaat, dan memberi isyarat untuk penyegerakan jam tepat kepada 0.02 microseconds. <> Bilakah sistem Kompas mula beroperasi pada asas percubaan? || Disember 2011 <> Bilakah sistem Kompas mula menawarkan navigasi, kedudukan dan data masa ke China dan lokasi berdekatan? || 27 Disember <> Apa yang akan meningkatkan ketepatan kedudukan sistem Kompas? || sebagai lebih banyak satelit dilancarkan <> Semasa pelancaran, sistem Compass, apakah ketepatan lokasi yang dijanjikan kepada pengguna? || tepat untuk 10 m terdekat <> Selepas pelancaran, sistem Compass, apakah kelajuan yang dijanjikan kepada pengguna? || dalam masa 0.2 m sesaat <> Semasa bulan 2013 apakah sistem memulakan operasi percubaan? || <> Dalam tahun apakah sistem selesai menjalankan percubaan? || <> Sistem mula mengecas China dan kawasan sekitarnya dalam bulan apa? || <> Semasa tempoh percubaan, dalam berapa meter meter ketepatan kedudukan sistem NSEW? || <> Selepas pelancaran rasmi, sistem itu menolak untuk menawarkan maklumat kedudukan pelanggan yang tepat kepada yang terdekat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Compass system begin operation on a trial bases?", "id": "56e11bbce3433e1400422c0e", "answers": [{"text": "December 2011", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Compass system begin offering navigation, positioning and timing data to China and nearby locations?", "id": "56e11bbce3433e1400422c0f", "answers": [{"text": "27 December", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What will improve the positioning accuracy of the Compass system?", "id": "56e11bbce3433e1400422c10", "answers": [{"text": "as more satellites are launched", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Upon launching, the Compass system, what was the location accuracy promised to users?", "id": "56e11bbce3433e1400422c11", "answers": [{"text": "accurate to the nearest 10 m", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Upon launching, the Compass system, what was the speed promised to users?", "id": "56e11bbce3433e1400422c12", "answers": [{"text": "within 0.2 m per second", "answer_start": 480}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "During which month of 2013 did the system begin a trial operation?", "id": "5acd4db307355d001abf3c84", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "In what year did the system finish its trial run?", "id": "5acd4db307355d001abf3c85", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December", "answer_start": 184}], "question": "The system began charging China and surrounding areas in what month?", "id": "5acd4db307355d001abf3c86", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "25", "answer_start": 267}], "question": "During the trial period, within how many meters was the NSEW system's positioning accuracy?", "id": "5acd4db307355d001abf3c87", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10 m", "answer_start": 459}], "question": "After official launch, the system declined to offer customers positioning information accurate to the nearest what?", "id": "5acd4db307355d001abf3c88", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In December 2011, the system went into operation on a trial basis. It has started providing navigation, positioning and timing data to China and the neighbouring area for free from 27 December. During this trial run, Compass will offer positioning accuracy to within 25 meters, but the precision will improve as more satellites are launched. Upon the system's official launch, it pledged to offer general users positioning information accurate to the nearest 10 m, measure speeds within 0.2 m per second, and provide signals for clock synchronisation accurate to 0.02 microseconds."}], ["Kompas-M1 menghantar dalam 3 kumpulan: E2, E5B, dan E6. Dalam setiap jalur frekuensi dua sub-isyarat yang koheren telah dikesan dengan peralihan fasa 90 darjah (dalam kuadratur). Komponen isyarat ini selanjutnya dirujuk sebagai \"I\" dan \"Q\". Komponen \"I\" mempunyai kod yang lebih pendek dan kemungkinan akan digunakan untuk perkhidmatan terbuka. Komponen \"Q\" mempunyai kod yang lebih panjang, lebih banyak gangguan yang bersifat resistif, dan mungkin dimaksudkan untuk perkhidmatan terhad. Modulasi IQ telah menjadi kaedah dalam modulasi digital berwayar dan tanpa wayar sejak isyarat pembawa morset 100 tahun lalu. <> Band frekuensi apa yang dilakukan oleh Compass-M1? || E2, E5B, dan E6 <> Apakah peralihan fasa sub-isyarat yang dikesan dalam setiap jalur frekuensi yang digunakan oleh Compass-M1? || 90 darjah (dalam kuadratur) <> Apakah dua sub-isyarat dalam setiap jalur frekuensi disebut sebagai? || \"I\" dan \"Q\" <> Apakah maksud \"komponen\" saya? || mungkin dimaksudkan untuk perkhidmatan terbuka <> Apakah tujuan yang dimaksudkan untuk komponen \"Q\"? || mungkin dimaksudkan untuk perkhidmatan terhad <> Dalam berapa banyak band yang menghantar Nerf-M1 dalam? || <> Band apa yang dilakukan oleh Compass-M3? || <> Berapa banyak sub-isyarat yang koheren telah dikesan di setiap orbit? || <> Komponen mana yang mempunyai kod lebih pendek dan kemungkinan besar untuk perkhidmatan terhad? || <> Modulasi IQ telah menjadi satu-satunya kaedah dalam teknologi berwayar sejak berapa tahun yang lalu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What frequency bands does Compass-M1 transmit in?", "id": "56e11911e3433e1400422bd4", "answers": [{"text": "E2, E5B, and E6", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the phase shift of the sub-signals detected in each frequency band used by  Compass-M1?", "id": "56e11911e3433e1400422bd5", "answers": [{"text": "90 degrees (in quadrature)", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the two sub-signals in each frequency band referred to as?", "id": "56e11911e3433e1400422bd6", "answers": [{"text": "\"I\" and \"Q\"", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the intended purpose of the \"I\" component?", "id": "56e11911e3433e1400422bd7", "answers": [{"text": "likely to be intended for the open service", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the intended purpose of the \"Q\" component?", "id": "56e11911e3433e1400422bd8", "answers": [{"text": "probably intended for the restricted service", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "In how many bands does Nerf-M1 transmit in?", "id": "5acd4b5007355d001abf3c38", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "E2, E5B, and E6", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "What bands does Compass-M3 transmit in?", "id": "5acd4b5007355d001abf3c39", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "How many coherent sub-signals have been detected in each orbit?", "id": "5acd4b5007355d001abf3c3a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Q\" components", "answer_start": 326}], "question": "Which components have much shorter codes and are most likely intended for the restricted service?", "id": "5acd4b5007355d001abf3c3b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "100", "answer_start": 563}], "question": "IQ modulation has been the only method in wired technology since how many years ago?", "id": "5acd4b5007355d001abf3c3c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Compass-M1 transmits in 3 bands: E2, E5B, and E6. In each frequency band two coherent sub-signals have been detected with a phase shift of 90 degrees (in quadrature). These signal components are further referred to as \"I\" and \"Q\". The \"I\" components have shorter codes and are likely to be intended for the open service. The \"Q\" components have much longer codes, are more interference resistive, and are probably intended for the restricted service. IQ modulation has been the method in both wired and wireless digital modulation since morsetting carrier signal 100 years ago."}], ["Penyiasatan isyarat yang dihantar bermula selepas pelancaran Compass-M1 pada 14 April 2007. Tidak lama selepas bulan Jun 2007, para jurutera di CNES melaporkan spektrum dan struktur isyarat. Sebulan kemudian, penyelidik dari Universiti Stanford melaporkan penyahkodan penuh komponen isyarat \"I\". Pengetahuan mengenai kod tersebut membenarkan sekumpulan jurutera di Septentrio untuk membina penerima COMPASS dan melaporkan pengesanan dan ciri-ciri multipathan isyarat \"I\" pada E2 dan E5B. <> Bilakah penyiasatan isyarat yang dihantar oleh Compass-M1 bermula? || sejurus selepas pelancaran Compass-M1 pada 14 April 2007 <> Apa yang dilakukan jurutera di laporan CNES pada bulan Jun 2007? || spektrum dan struktur isyarat <> Siapa yang melaporkan penyahkod lengkap komponen isyarat \"I\"? || penyelidik dari Stanford University <> Siapa yang membina penerima COMPASS? || sekumpulan jurutera di Septentrio <> Apakah maksud membina penerima COMPASS? || laporan pengesanan dan multipath ciri isyarat \"I\" pada E2 dan E5B <> Dalam bulan apa tahun 2008 adalah Compass-M1 dilancarkan? || <> Pada bulan Mac berapa tahun yang dilancarkan Compass-M1? || <> Penyelidik Universiti Yale mendekodkan apa? || <> Mengetahui kod yang membenarkan para penyelidik Stanford membina penerima yang mana? || <> Mengetahui kod yang membenarkan penyelidik Stanford untuk membina penerima NERF dan melaporkan apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the investigation of the signals transmitted by Compass -M1 begin?", "id": "56e11a26e3433e1400422be6", "answers": [{"text": "immediately after the launch of Compass -M1 on 14 April 2007", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did engineers at CNES report in June 2007?", "id": "56e11a26e3433e1400422be7", "answers": [{"text": "the spectrum and structure of the signals", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who reported the complete decoding of the \u201cI\u201d signals components?", "id": "56e11a26e3433e1400422be8", "answers": [{"text": "researchers from Stanford University", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who built the COMPASS receiver?", "id": "56e11a26e3433e1400422be9", "answers": [{"text": "a group of engineers at Septentrio", "answer_start": 359}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the purpose of building the COMPASS receiver?", "id": "56e11a26e3433e1400422bea", "answers": [{"text": "report tracking and multipath characteristics of the \u201cI\u201d signals on E2 and E5B", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "April", "answer_start": 103}], "question": "In what month of 2008 was Compass-M1 launched?", "id": "5acd4be307355d001abf3c4c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 109}], "question": "In March of what year was Compass-M1 launched?", "id": "5acd4be307355d001abf3c4d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u201cI\u201d signals components", "answer_start": 300}], "question": "Yale University researchers decoded what?", "id": "5acd4be307355d001abf3c4e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "COMPASS receiver", "answer_start": 407}], "question": "Knowing the codes allowed Stanford researchers to build which receiver? ", "id": "5acd4be307355d001abf3c4f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "tracking and multipath characteristics of the \u201cI\u201d signals on E2 and E5B", "answer_start": 435}], "question": "Knowing the codes allowed Stanford researchers to build the NERF receiver and report what? ", "id": "5acd4be307355d001abf3c50", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The investigation of the transmitted signals started immediately after the launch of Compass -M1 on 14 April 2007. Soon after in June 2007, engineers at CNES reported the spectrum and structure of the signals. A month later, researchers from Stanford University reported the complete decoding of the \u201cI\u201d signals components. The knowledge of the codes allowed a group of engineers at Septentrio to build the COMPASS receiver and report tracking and multipath characteristics of the \u201cI\u201d signals on E2 and E5B."}], ["Terdapat dua tahap perkhidmatan yang disediakan - perkhidmatan percuma kepada orang awam dan perkhidmatan berlesen kepada kerajaan dan tentera China. Perkhidmatan awam percuma mempunyai ketepatan pengesanan lokasi 10 meter, menyelaraskan jam dengan ketepatan 10 nanodetik, dan langkah-langkah kelajuan hingga 0.2 m / s. Perkhidmatan tentera terhad yang mempunyai ketepatan lokasi 10 sentimeter, boleh digunakan untuk komunikasi, dan akan membekalkan maklumat mengenai status sistem kepada pengguna. Setakat ini, perkhidmatan tentera hanya diberikan kepada Tentera Pembebasan Rakyat dan kepada Tentera Pakistan. <> Jenis perkhidmatan apa yang akan ditawarkan oleh sistem BeiDou? || perkhidmatan percuma kepada orang awam dan perkhidmatan berlesen kepada kerajaan dan tentera China <> Apakah pelbagai ketepatan untuk perkhidmatan percuma yang ditawarkan kepada orang awam? || Ketepatan pengesanan lokasi 10 meter <> Berapakah ketepatan ketepatan untuk perkhidmatan berlesen yang digunakan oleh kerajaan dan tentera China? || 10 sentimeter <> Sehingga sekarang, siapa yang menggunakan perkhidmatan ketenteraan berlesen? || Tentera Pembebasan Rakyat dan Tentera Pakistan <> Apa gunanya perkhidmatan ketenteraan berlesen boleh digunakan? || komunikasi <> Selain perkhidmatan yang dikenakan kepada orang awam, apakah tahap perkhidmatan lain yang disediakan? || <> Selain dari perkhidmatan berlesen kepada penduduk Jepun, apakah tahap perkhidmatan yang disediakan? || <> Perkhidmatan awam yang dibayar menawarkan ciri-ciri mana? || <> Perkhidmatan yang dilesenkan kepada kerajaan Jepun mempunyai ketepatan lokasi apa? || <> Perkhidmatan awam yang dibayar mempunyai ketepatan pengesanan lokasi berapa meter? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What types of services will be offered by the BeiDou system?", "id": "56e10ed0cd28a01900c674f5", "answers": [{"text": "a free service to civilians and licensed service to the Chinese government and military", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the range of accuracy for the free service offered to civilians?", "id": "56e10ed0cd28a01900c674f6", "answers": [{"text": "10-meter location-tracking accuracy", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the range of accuracy for the licensed service used by Chinese government and military?", "id": "56e10ed0cd28a01900c674f7", "answers": [{"text": "10 centimetres", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of right now, who uses the licensed military service?", "id": "56e10ed0cd28a01900c674f8", "answers": [{"text": "the People's Liberation Army and to the Military of Pakistan", "answer_start": 522}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is something the licensed military service can be used for?", "id": "56e10ed0cd28a01900c674f9", "answers": [{"text": "communication", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "licensed service to the Chinese government", "answer_start": 75}], "question": "Aside from the charged service to civilians, what is the other level of service provided?", "id": "5acd460607355d001abf3ba4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "free service to civilians", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "Aside from the licensed service to Japanese civilians, what is the other level of service provided?", "id": "5acd460607355d001abf3ba5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10-meter location-tracking accuracy, synchronizes clocks with an accuracy of 10 nanoseconds, and measures speeds to within 0.2 m/s.", "answer_start": 164}], "question": "The paid civilian service offers which features? ", "id": "5acd460607355d001abf3ba6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10 centimetres", "answer_start": 355}], "question": "The service licensed to Japanese government has a location accuracy of what?", "id": "5acd460607355d001abf3ba7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 164}], "question": "The paid civilian service has a location tracking accuracy of how many meters?", "id": "5acd460607355d001abf3ba8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There are two levels of service provided \u2014 a free service to civilians and licensed service to the Chinese government and military. The free civilian service has a 10-meter location-tracking accuracy, synchronizes clocks with an accuracy of 10 nanoseconds, and measures speeds to within 0.2 m/s. The restricted military service has a location accuracy of 10 centimetres, can be used for communication, and will supply information about the system status to the user. To date, the military service has been granted only to the People's Liberation Army and to the Military of Pakistan."}], ["Frekuensi untuk COMPASS diperuntukkan dalam empat kumpulan: E1, E2, E5B, dan E6 dan bertindih dengan Galileo. Fakta tumpang-tindih boleh menjadi mudah dari sudut pandangan reka bentuk penerima, tetapi sebaliknya menimbulkan masalah campur tangan antara sistem, terutamanya dalam kumpulan E1 dan E2, yang diperuntukkan untuk perkhidmatan yang diatur oleh publik di Galileo. Walau bagaimanapun, di bawah dasar Kesatuan Telekomunikasi Antarabangsa (ITU), negara pertama untuk memulakan penyiaran dalam kekerapan tertentu akan mempunyai keutamaan frekuensi tersebut, dan mana-mana pengguna berikutnya akan diminta untuk mendapatkan kebenaran sebelum menggunakan kekerapan itu, dan jika tidak memastikan bahawa siaran mereka tidak mengganggu siaran negara asal. Sekarang ia muncul bahawa satelit COMPASS Cina akan mula memancarkan dalam kumpulan E1, E2, E5B, dan E6 sebelum satelit Galileo di Eropah dan dengan demikian mempunyai hak utama untuk julat frekuensi ini. <> Berapa banyak frekuensi yang digunakan oleh sistem COMPASS? || empat band <> Apakah empat jalur frekuensi yang digunakan oleh sistem COMPASS yang dipanggil? || E1, E2, E5B, dan E6 <> Aliran frekuensi mana yang paling mungkin menyebabkan masalah campur tangan antara sistem dengan sistem Galileo? || E1 dan E2 <> Band mana yang digunakan oleh sistem Galileo untuk perkhidmatan awam mereka? || E1 dan E2 <> Menurut dasar Kesatuan Telekomunikasi Antarabangsa (ITU), siapa yang diberi keutamaan lebih tinggi pada jalur frekuensi tertentu? || negara pertama untuk memulakan penyiaran dalam Frekuensi tertentu <> Frekuensi untuk bertindih COMPASS dengan Kejadian dan diperuntukkan dalam berapa banyak band? || <> Negara-negara mana satelit akan menghantar di E3 sebelum satelit Galileo? || <> Negara-negara mana satelit akan menghantar di E3 sebelum satelit COMPASS? || <> Frekuensi untuk NASA diperuntukkan dalam berapa banyak band? || <> Selain dari B3, E1 dan E34, apakah frekuensi lain yang digunakan oleh COMPASS? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many frequencies does the COMPASS system use?", "id": "56e10feecd28a01900c67513", "answers": [{"text": "four bands", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the four bands of frequencies used by the COMPASS system called?", "id": "56e10feecd28a01900c67514", "answers": [{"text": "E1, E2, E5B, and E6", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which frequency bands are most likely to cause issues of inter-system interference with the Galileo system?", "id": "56e10feecd28a01900c67515", "answers": [{"text": "E1 and E2", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which bands are used by the Galileo system for their public service?", "id": "56e10feecd28a01900c67516", "answers": [{"text": "E1 and E2", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to International Telecommunication Union (ITU) policies, who is given higher priority to a specific frequency band?", "id": "56e10feecd28a01900c67517", "answers": [{"text": "the first nation to start broadcasting in a specific frequency", "answer_start": 426}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 41}], "question": "Frequencies for COMPASS overlap with Genesis and are allocated in how many bands?", "id": "5acd46c207355d001abf3bc2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Chinese", "answer_start": 740}], "question": "Which countries satellites will transmit in E3 before Galileo satellites?", "id": "5acd46c207355d001abf3bc3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Chinese", "answer_start": 740}], "question": "Which countries satellites will transmit in E3 before COMPASS satellites?", "id": "5acd46c207355d001abf3bc4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 41}], "question": "Frequencies for NASA are allocated in how many bands?", "id": "5acd46c207355d001abf3bc5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "E6", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "Aside from B3, E1 and E34, what is the other band of frequency used by COMPASS?", "id": "5acd46c207355d001abf3bc6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Frequencies for COMPASS are allocated in four bands: E1, E2, E5B, and E6 and overlap with Galileo. The fact of overlapping could be convenient from the point of view of the receiver design, but on the other hand raises the issues of inter-system interference, especially within E1 and E2 bands, which are allocated for Galileo's publicly regulated service. However, under International Telecommunication Union (ITU) policies, the first nation to start broadcasting in a specific frequency will have priority to that frequency, and any subsequent users will be required to obtain permission prior to using that frequency, and otherwise ensure that their broadcasts do not interfere with the original nation's broadcasts. It now appears that Chinese COMPASS satellites will start transmitting in the E1, E2, E5B, and E6 bands before Europe's Galileo satellites and thus have primary rights to these frequency ranges."}], ["Pada tahun 2015, sistem ini memulakan peralihan ke arah liputan global dengan pelancaran pertama satelit generasi baru, dan ke-17 dalam sistem baru. <> Bilakah sistem BeiDou mula beralih ke liputan global? || 2015 <> Bagaimana sistem BeiDou mula beralih kepada liputan global? || dengan pelancaran pertama satelit generasi baru <> Selama tahun apa sistem mula transformasi ke arah melayani China sahaja? || <> Apakah sistem pertama kali dilancarkan pada tahun 2013? || <> Pada tahun 2007, sistem mula berubah ke arah menyediakan jenis perlindungan apa? || <> Sistem ini mula beralih ke liputan nasional pada tahun mana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the BeiDou system begin transitioning to global coverage?", "id": "56e11f7bcd28a01900c6760d", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did the BeiDou system begin transitioning to global coverage?", "id": "56e11f7bcd28a01900c6760e", "answers": [{"text": "with the first launch of a new-generation of satellites", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "During what year did the system begin transformation towards serving China only?", "id": "5acd4fd107355d001abf3cca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "new-generation of satellites", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "What did the system first launch in 2013?", "id": "5acd4fd107355d001abf3ccb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "global", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "In 2007, the system began transforming towards providing what type of coverage?", "id": "5acd4fd107355d001abf3ccc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "The system began its transition towards national coverage during which year?", "id": "5acd4fd107355d001abf3ccd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2015, the system began its transition towards global coverage with the first launch of a new-generation of satellites, and the 17th one within the new system."}], ["Ketiga satelit terbaru ini akan bersama-sama menjalani ujian sistem penandaan navigasi dan sambungan antara satelit baru, dan mula menyediakan perkhidmatan navigasi apabila bersedia. <> Apa yang akan disediakan oleh tiga satelit terkini selepas ujian? || perkhidmatan navigasi <> Ujian apa jenis akan dilakukan pada tiga satelit terbaru? || pengujian sistem navigasi isyarat baru dan pautan antara satelit <> Berapa banyak satelit yang akan digunakan untuk menguji sistem isyarat navigasi baru? || tiga <> Empat satelit terbaru akan menjalani apa? || <> Satelit-satelit akan secara individu menjalani ujian terhadap sistem lama apa? || <> Tiga terminal terbaru akan mula menyediakan jenis perkhidmatan apabila siap? || <> Berapa banyak satelit akan menjalani ujian berasingan untuk unit isyarat baru? || <> Berapa banyak terminal akan menjalani ujian terhadap sistem baru? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What will the three latest satellites provide after testing?", "id": "56e12219e3433e1400422c58", "answers": [{"text": "navigation services", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of testing will be performed on the three latest satellites?", "id": "56e12219e3433e1400422c59", "answers": [{"text": "testing of a new system of navigation signaling and inter-satellite links", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many satellites will be used to test a new system of navigation signaling?", "id": "56e12219e3433e1400422c5a", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "testing of a new system of navigation signaling and inter-satellite links", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "Four of the newest satellites will undergo what?", "id": "5acd514807355d001abf3d0c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "navigation signaling and inter-satellite links", "answer_start": 76}], "question": "The satellites will individually undergo testing of an old system of what?", "id": "5acd514807355d001abf3d0d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "navigation services", "answer_start": 144}], "question": "The three newest terminals will start providing what type of services when ready?", "id": "5acd514807355d001abf3d0e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "How many satellites will undergo separate testing for new signaling units?", "id": "5acd514807355d001abf3d0f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "How many terminals will be undergo testing of the new system?", "id": "5acd514807355d001abf3d10", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The three latest satellites will jointly undergo testing of a new system of navigation signaling and inter-satellite links, and start providing navigation services when ready."}], ["Satelit pertama sistem generasi kedua, Compass-M1 dilancarkan pada tahun 2007. Ia diikuti oleh sembilan satelit lagi sepanjang 2009-2011, mencapai liputan serantau yang berfungsi. Sebanyak 16 satelit telah dilancarkan semasa fasa ini. <> Bilakah satelit Compass-M1 dilancarkan? || 2007 <> Berapa banyak satelit yang dilancarkan dari 2009-2011? || sembilan <> Apa yang dicapai dengan melancarkan 9 satelit tambahan dari 2009-2011? || liputan serantau berfungsi <> Berapa banyak satelit yang dilancarkan sejak tahun 2007? || 16 <> Bilakah satelit kedua sistem penjanaan pertama dilancarkan? || <> Bilakah satelit pertama generasi ketiga dilancarkan? || <> Berapa banyak satelit yang dikeluarkan dari orbit pada masa ini? || <> Berapa banyak satelit yang dilancarkan antara tahun 2005 dan 2007? || <> Apakah nama satelit generasi kedua sistem pertama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Compass-M1 satellite launced?", "id": "56e11e2fcd28a01900c675fb", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many satellites were launched from 2009-2011?", "id": "56e11e2fcd28a01900c675fc", "answers": [{"text": "nine", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was achieved by launching 9 additional satellites from 2009-2011?", "id": "56e11e2fcd28a01900c675fd", "answers": [{"text": "functional regional coverage", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many satellites were launched since 2007?", "id": "56e11e2fcd28a01900c675fe", "answers": [{"text": "16", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 80}], "question": "When was the second satellite of the first generation system launched? ", "id": "5acd4f4c07355d001abf3cc0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 80}], "question": "When was the first satellite of the third generation launched?", "id": "5acd4f4c07355d001abf3cc1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "16", "answer_start": 198}], "question": "How many satellites were removed from orbit during this time?", "id": "5acd4f4c07355d001abf3cc2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "nine", "answer_start": 113}], "question": "How many satellites were launched between 2005 and 2007?", "id": "5acd4f4c07355d001abf3cc3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Compass-M1", "answer_start": 53}], "question": "What is the name of the second generation satellite of the first system?", "id": "5acd4f4c07355d001abf3cc4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The first satellite of the second-generation system, Compass-M1 was launched in 2007. It was followed by further nine satellites during 2009-2011, achieving functional regional coverage. A total of 16 satellites were launched during this phase."}], ["Pada 25 Julai 2015, satelit satelit ke-18 dan ke-19 telah berjaya dilancarkan dari Pusat Pelancaran Satelit Xichang, menandakan kali pertama bagi China untuk melancarkan dua satelit sekali gus di atas roket pembawa Long March 3B / Expedition-1. Expedition-1 adalah peringkat atas bebas yang mampu menyampaikan satu atau lebih kapal angkasa ke orbit yang berbeza. <> Bilakah satelit ke-18 dan ke-19 untuk sistem BeiDou dilancarkan? || 25 Julai, 2015 <> Di manakah satelit 18 dan 19 untuk sistem BeiDou dilancarkan? || Pusat Pelancaran Satelit Xichang <> Apakah satelit 18 dan 19 untuk sistem BeiDou yang dilancarkan? || Long March 3B / Expedition-1 carrier rocket <> Apa ekspedisi-1? || peringkat atas bebas yang mampu menyampaikan satu atau lebih kapal angkasa ke orbit yang berbeza <> Selama bulan 2007 adalah satelit ke-18 yang dilancarkan? || <> Selama bulan 2017 adalah satelit ke-19 yang dilancarkan? || <> Di manakah tahun ke-20 satelit dilancarkan? || <> Di manakah satelit ke-2 dan ke-3 dilancarkan? || <> Ini menandakan kali ketiga China melancarkan berapa banyak satelit sekaligus? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When were the 18th and 19th satellites for the BeiDou system launched?", "id": "56e1207fcd28a01900c6761f", "answers": [{"text": "July 25, 2015", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the 18th and 19th satellites for the BeiDou system launched from?", "id": "56e1207fcd28a01900c67620", "answers": [{"text": "the Xichang Satellite Launch Center", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the 18th and 19th satellites for the BeiDou system launched with?", "id": "56e1207fcd28a01900c67621", "answers": [{"text": "Long March 3B/Expedition-1 carrier rocket", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Expedition-1?", "id": "56e1207fcd28a01900c67622", "answers": [{"text": "an independent upper stage capable of delivering one or more spacecraft into different orbits", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "July", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "During which month of 2007 was the 18th satellite launched?", "id": "5acd507907355d001abf3cdc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "July", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "During which month of 2017 was the 19th satellite launched?", "id": "5acd507907355d001abf3cdd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "In which year was the 20th satellite launched?", "id": "5acd507907355d001abf3cde", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Xichang Satellite Launch Center", "answer_start": 83}], "question": "Where were the 2nd and 3rd satellites launched from?", "id": "5acd507907355d001abf3cdf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 159}], "question": "This marked the third time China launched how many satellites at once? ", "id": "5acd507907355d001abf3ce0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On July 25, 2015, the 18th and 19th satellites were successfully launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, marking the first time for China to launch two satellites at once on top of a Long March 3B/Expedition-1 carrier rocket. The Expedition-1 is an independent upper stage capable of delivering one or more spacecraft into different orbits."}]], [["Sejarah undang-undang undang-undang Latin boleh dibahagikan kepada empat tempoh: jus antiquum, jus novum, jus novissimum dan Code of Canon Law. Sehubungan dengan Kod ini, sejarah dapat dibahagikan kepada jus vetus (semua undang-undang sebelum Kod) dan jus novum (undang-undang Kod, atau jus codicis). <> Tempoh mana yang mengikuti jus antiquum? || jus novum <> Apakah era undang-undang kanun Latin yang paling baru? || Kod Kanon Kanon <> Apakah nama untuk masa sebelum Kod Kanon Kanonik? || jus vetus <> Berapa banyak tempoh undang-undang kanon Greek boleh dibahagikan kepada? || <> Apakah era anti jumlaus yang paling terkini? || <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh Jus novum sebelum ini? || <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh jus vetus? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which period followed the jus antiquum?", "id": "56e0f7c3231d4119001ac507", "answers": [{"text": "the jus novum", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the most recent era of Latin canon law?", "id": "56e0f7c3231d4119001ac509", "answers": [{"text": "the Code of Canon Law", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name for the time preceding the Code of Canon Law?", "id": "56e0f7c3231d4119001ac50a", "answers": [{"text": "the jus vetus", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "four periods", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "How many periods can Greek canon law be divided into?", "id": "5a21d1d58a6e4f001aa08f16", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Latin canon law", "answer_start": 15}], "question": "What is the jus antiquum the most recent era of?", "id": "5a21d1d58a6e4f001aa08f17", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Code", "answer_start": 231}], "question": "What did Jus novum precede?", "id": "5a21d1d58a6e4f001aa08f18", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Code", "answer_start": 231}], "question": "What did jus vetus follow?", "id": "5a21d1d58a6e4f001aa08f19", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The history of Latin canon law can be divided into four periods: the jus antiquum, the jus novum, the jus novissimum and the Code of Canon Law. In relation to the Code, history can be divided into the jus vetus (all law before the Code) and the jus novum (the law of the Code, or jus codicis)."}], ["Kanon Yunani / Bahasa Yunani Kuno: \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, Bahasa Arab Qanun / \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646, kaneh / \u05e7\u05e0\u05d4 Ibrani, \"lurus\"; peraturan, kod, standard, atau ukuran; makna akar dalam semua bahasa ini adalah \"reed\" (rujuk nenek moyang Romantik perkataan Inggeris \"tongkat\"). <> Apakah istilah Yunani untuk kanun? || kanon <> Apakah istilah Ibrani untuk kanon? || kaneh <> Apakah kanon makna istilah Arab? || Qanun <> Apakah takrif umum perkataan kanon seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam bahasa Yunani, bahasa Arab dan Ibrani? || Reed <> Yang istilah Inggeris berasal dari akar yang sama seperti kata-kata Yunani, Arab dan Ibrani untuk kanon? || tongkat <> Apakah kanon perkataan Ibrani untuk? || <> Apakah Kaneh perkataan Yunani untuk? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Greek term for canon?", "id": "56e0f150231d4119001ac480", "answers": [{"text": "kanon", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Hebrew term for canon?", "id": "56e0f150231d4119001ac481", "answers": [{"text": "kaneh", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Arabic term meaning canon?", "id": "56e0f150231d4119001ac482", "answers": [{"text": "Qanun", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the common definition of the word canon as it appears in Greek, Arabic and Hebrew?", "id": "56e0f150231d4119001ac483", "answers": [{"text": "reed", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which English term is derived from the same root as the Greek, Arabic and Hebrew words for canon?", "id": "56e0f150231d4119001ac484", "answers": [{"text": "cane", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "reed", "answer_start": 170}], "question": "What is kanon the Hebrew word for?", "id": "5a21ca7d8a6e4f001aa08ec8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "reed", "answer_start": 170}], "question": "What is Kaneh the Greek word for?", "id": "5a21ca7d8a6e4f001aa08ec9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Greek kanon / Ancient Greek: \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, Arabic Qanun / \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646, Hebrew kaneh / \u05e7\u05e0\u05d4, \"straight\"; a rule, code, standard, or measure; the root meaning in all these languages is \"reed\" (cf. the Romance-language ancestors of the English word \"cane\")."}], ["Di dalam Gereja Katolik, undang-undang kanon adalah sistem undang-undang dan prinsip-prinsip perundangan yang dibuat dan dikuatkuasakan oleh pihak berkuasa hierarki Gereja untuk mengawal selia organisasi dan kerajaan luarannya dan memerintahkan dan mengarahkan kegiatan Katolik ke arah misi Gereja. <> Siapa yang menguatkuasakan undang-undang kanon dalam Katolik? || pihak berkuasa hierarki Gereja <> Apakah nama pengumpulan peraturan rasmi dalam Katolik? || undang-undang kanon <> Apakah pengurusan undang-undang kanon bertujuan untuk mengawal selia? || organisasi luaran dan kerajaan <> Apa maksud undang-undang kanun berkenaan dengan ahli-ahli Gereja Katolik? || perintah dan mengarahkan kegiatan Katolik ke arah misi Gereja <> Dalam gereja apakah undang-undang kanon yang digunakan untuk mengatur organisasi-organisasi dalam negeri? || <> Apa misi undang-undang Canon ini secara langsung aktiviti semua orang Kristian ke arah? || <> Apakah nama koleksi peraturan tidak rasmi dalam Katolik? || <> Undang-undang apa yang dikuatkuasakan oleh gereja-gereja individu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who enforces canon law in Catholicism?", "id": "56e0f2d87aa994140058e7ff", "answers": [{"text": "the Church's hierarchical authorities", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name for the collection of formal rules in Catholicism?", "id": "56e0f2d87aa994140058e800", "answers": [{"text": "canon law", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does management of canon law aim to regulate?", "id": "56e0f2d87aa994140058e801", "answers": [{"text": "external organization and government", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is canon law's purpose with respect to members of the Catholic Church?", "id": "56e0f2d87aa994140058e802", "answers": [{"text": "order and direct the activities of Catholics toward the mission of the Church", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Catholic Church", "answer_start": 7}], "question": "In what church is canon law used to regulate internal organizations?", "id": "5a21cdcc8a6e4f001aa08ee0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the mission of the Church", "answer_start": 248}], "question": "What mission this Canon law directly activities of all Christians towards?", "id": "5a21cdcc8a6e4f001aa08ee1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "canon law", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "What is the name of the collection of informal rules in Catholicism?", "id": "5a21cdcc8a6e4f001aa08ee2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "canon law", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "What law is enforced by individual parishes?", "id": "5a21cdcc8a6e4f001aa08ee3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the Catholic Church, canon law is the system of laws and legal principles made and enforced by the Church's hierarchical authorities to regulate its external organization and government and to order and direct the activities of Catholics toward the mission of the Church."}], ["Undang-undang kanun Jemaat-jemaat Katolik Timur yang telah mengembangkan beberapa disiplin dan amalan yang berlainan, telah menjalani proses kodifikasinya sendiri, yang mengakibatkan Kod Kanon Jemaat-jemaat Timur yang diisytiharkan pada tahun 1990 oleh Paus Yohanes Paulus II. <> Dengan cara bagaimana sistem undang-undang Gereja Katolik Timur berbeza dari orang-orang di barat? || disiplin dan amalan yang berlainan <> Apa yang membawa kepada Kod Kanon Jemaat Timur? || proses pengkodan <> Bilakah undang-undang gereja Katolik Timur dipromosikan? || 1990 <> Yang menaja pengisytiharan undang-undang Gereja Katolik Timur? || Paus Yohanes Paulus II <> Apakah nama versi undang-undang rasmi yang memerintah Gereja Katolik Timur? || Kod Kanon Jemaat-jemaat Timur <> Apakah gereja Katolik Paskah dan Barat sama? || <> Bilakah kanon berkod dari gereja-gereja Barat diisytiharkan? || <> Siapa yang mengumumkan koduan kanon untuk gereja-gereja Barat? || <> Apakah versi undang-undang tidak rasmi di gereja Katolik Timur? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what ways did the Eastern Catholic Churches's legal systems vary from those of the west?", "id": "56e0f8717aa994140058e845", "answers": [{"text": "different disciplines and practices", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What led to the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches?", "id": "56e0f8717aa994140058e846", "answers": [{"text": "process of codification", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the law of the Eastern Catholic Churches promoted?", "id": "56e0f8717aa994140058e847", "answers": [{"text": "1990", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who sponsored the promulgation of Eastern Catholic Church laws?", "id": "56e0f8717aa994140058e848", "answers": [{"text": "Pope John Paul II", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the formal version of laws ruling the Eastern Catholic Churches?", "id": "56e0f8717aa994140058e849", "answers": [{"text": "the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "disciplines and practices", "answer_start": 83}], "question": "What did the Easter and Western Catholic church have in common?", "id": "5a21d27f8a6e4f001aa08f1e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1990", "answer_start": 224}], "question": "When was the coded canons of the Western churches promulgated?", "id": "5a21d27f8a6e4f001aa08f1f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pope John Paul II", "answer_start": 232}], "question": "Who promulgated the code of canons for the Western churches?", "id": "5a21d27f8a6e4f001aa08f20", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches", "answer_start": 170}], "question": "What was the informal version of laws the Eastern Catholic churches?", "id": "5a21d27f8a6e4f001aa08f21", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II."}], ["Undang-undang kanun gereja Roman Katolik juga termasuk lima ritus utama (gereja-gereja) gereja yang dalam kesatuan penuh dengan Gereja Katolik Romawi dan Paus Agung: <> Apa nama lain untuk koleksi gereja-gereja Katolik lain yang dipimpin oleh Paus Agung ? || upacara <> Berapa banyak upacara utama yang ada? || lima <> Siapakah pemimpin Gereja Roman Katolik? || The Pontifical Supreme <> Apa istilah yang menyentuh persimpangan upacara dengan Gereja Roman Katolik? || kesatuan penuh <> Yang denominasi mana yang dipimpin oleh Paus Agung? || Roman Katolik <> Berapa banyak hak ada gereja Katolik Timur yang bersih? || <> Apakah nama lain untuk pengumpulan gereja Katolik yang diketuai oleh Kolej Kardinal? || <> Berapa banyak hak bukan kesatuan penuh dengan Gereja Katolik Roman? || <> Siapa yang mengarahkan semua gereja Kristian? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another name for the collections of other Catholic churches led by the Supreme Pontiff?", "id": "56e0f3907aa994140058e807", "answers": [{"text": "rites", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many major rites exist?", "id": "56e0f3907aa994140058e808", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the leader of the Roman Catholic Church?", "id": "56e0f3907aa994140058e809", "answers": [{"text": "the Supreme Pontiff", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term characterizes the intersection of the rites with the Roman Catholic Church?", "id": "56e0f3907aa994140058e80a", "answers": [{"text": "full union", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which denomination is led by the Supreme Pontiff?", "id": "56e0f3907aa994140058e80b", "answers": [{"text": "Roman Catholic", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "How many rights are there net Eastern Catholic church?", "id": "5a21ce718a6e4f001aa08ef2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "rites", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "What is another name for the collection of Catholic churches led by the College of Cardinals?", "id": "5a21ce718a6e4f001aa08ef3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "How many rights are not a full union with the Roman Catholic Church?", "id": "5a21ce718a6e4f001aa08ef4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Supreme Pontiff", "answer_start": 154}], "question": "Who leads all Christian churches?", "id": "5a21ce718a6e4f001aa08ef5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff:"}], ["Gereja Katolik mempunyai apa yang didakwa sebagai sistem undang-undang tertua yang berterusan di Eropah Barat, jauh lebih lambat daripada undang-undang Rom tetapi meramalkan evolusi tradisi undang-undang sivil Eropah moden. Apa yang bermula dengan peraturan (\"canons\") yang diterima pakai oleh para Rasul di Majlis Baitulmuqaddis pada abad pertama telah berkembang menjadi sistem perundangan yang sangat rumit yang merangkumi bukan hanya norma-norma Perjanjian Baru, tetapi beberapa elemen dalam bahasa Ibrani (Perjanjian Lama) Tradisi undang-undang Rom, Visigothik, Saxon, dan Celtic. <> Apakah entiti itu percaya dirinya mempunyai mekanisme dalaman terpanjang undang-undang di Eropah Barat? || Gereja Katolik <> Apakah sistem undang-undang yang lebih tua daripada undang-undang Katolik? || Undang-undang Rom <> Apakah istilah untuk undang-undang yang dihasilkan di Majlis Baitulmuqaddis? || canon <> Bilakah Majlis Yerusalem diadakan? || abad pertama <> Selain daripada Perjanjian Lama dan Baru, yang budaya lain mempengaruhi kanun? || Rom, Visigothic, Saxon, dan Celtic <> Apa yang dikatakan Gereja Katolik yang tertua di dunia? || <> Apa undang-undang yang mendahului undang-undang Rom dan tradisi undang-undang sivil Eropah? || <> Apakah tradisi undang-undang tidak termasuk di dalam kanun awal? || <> Nasihat apa yang telah diadakan pada abad pertama SM ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What entity believes itself to have the longest standing internal mechanism of laws in Western Europe?", "id": "56e0f735231d4119001ac4f6", "answers": [{"text": "The Catholic Church", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a legal system older than Catholic law?", "id": "56e0f735231d4119001ac4f7", "answers": [{"text": "Roman law", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term for laws produced at the Council of Jerusalem?", "id": "56e0f735231d4119001ac4f8", "answers": [{"text": "canons", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Council of Jerusalem held?", "id": "56e0f735231d4119001ac4f9", "answers": [{"text": "first century", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Apart from the Old and New Testaments, which other cultures influenced canon?", "id": "56e0f735231d4119001ac4fa", "answers": [{"text": "Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic", "answer_start": 473}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "continuously functioning internal legal system", "answer_start": 57}], "question": "What does the Catholic Church claim to be the oldest of in the world?", "id": "5a21d0bb8a6e4f001aa08f04", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "canons", "answer_start": 242}], "question": "What laws predate both Roman law and European civil law traditions?", "id": "5a21d0bb8a6e4f001aa08f05", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hebrew (Old Testament), Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic legal traditions", "answer_start": 449}], "question": "What legal traditions were not included in early canons?", "id": "5a21d0bb8a6e4f001aa08f06", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Council of Jerusalem", "answer_start": 282}], "question": "What counsel was held in the first century BC", "id": "5a21d0bb8a6e4f001aa08f07", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions. What began with rules (\"canons\") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusalem in the first century has developed into a highly complex legal system encapsulating not just norms of the New Testament, but some elements of the Hebrew (Old Testament), Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic legal traditions."}], ["Dalam jemaat Romawi, undang-undang gereja yang positif sejagat, berdasarkan undang-undang ilahi dan semula jadi yang tidak berubah, atau undang-undang yang berubah-ubah dan semata-mata positif, memperoleh kuasa rasmi dan pengisytiharan dari jabatan pope, yang sebagai Pontiff Agung memiliki keseluruhan undang-undang, dan kuasa kehakiman dalam dirinya. Materi subjek sebenar kanon bukan sekadar doktrinal atau moral, tetapi semua-merangkumi keadaan manusia. <> Apakah sumber kekal undang-undang gereja yang positif? || Undang-undang ilahi dan alam semula jadi yang tidak berubah <> Apakah sumber-sumber kekal hukum gerejawi yang positif? || undang-undang yang berubah-ubah dan semata-mata positif <> Apa yang diberikan kepada undang-undang positif sejagat Gereja Roman Katolik oleh pemimpinnya? || kuasa rasmi dan pengumuman <> Apakah tajuk rasmi Paus? || Supreme Pontiff <> Apa tiga bahagian kuasa yang sering dijumpai di kerajaan memegang pope? || undang-undang, eksekutif, dan kehakiman <> Apakah sumber kekal hukum gereja yang positif di semua gereja Kristian? || <> Apakah sumber hukum gereja yang tidak kekal dalam semua gereja Kristian? || <> Apa yang semua pemimpin gereja memberi kepada undang-undang positif universal Gereja Katolik Roma? || <> Apakah gelaran rasmi semua Kardinal? || <> Apa tiga kuasa yang biasanya dijumpai di kerajaan dipegang oleh Paus dan Kolej Kardinal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the permanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law?", "id": "56e0f5fc231d4119001ac4da", "answers": [{"text": "immutable divine and natural law", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the impermanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law?", "id": "56e0f5fc231d4119001ac4db", "answers": [{"text": "changeable circumstantial and merely positive law", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is given to the universal positive law of the Roman Catholic Church by its leader?", "id": "56e0f5fc231d4119001ac4dc", "answers": [{"text": "formal authority and promulgation", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the pope's official title?", "id": "56e0f5fc231d4119001ac4dd", "answers": [{"text": "Supreme Pontiff", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What three divisions of power often found in government does the pope hold?", "id": "56e0f5fc231d4119001ac4de", "answers": [{"text": "legislative, executive, and judicial", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "immutable divine and natural law", "answer_start": 79}], "question": "What are the permanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law in all Christian churches?", "id": "5a21cf998a6e4f001aa08efa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "changeable circumstantial and merely positive law", "answer_start": 116}], "question": "What are the impermanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law in all Christian churches?", "id": "5a21cf998a6e4f001aa08efb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "formal authority and promulgation", "answer_start": 174}], "question": "What do all church leaders give to the universal positive law of the Roman Catholic Church?", "id": "5a21cf998a6e4f001aa08efc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Supreme Pontiff", "answer_start": 240}], "question": "What is the official title of all Cardinals?", "id": "5a21cf998a6e4f001aa08efd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "legislative, executive, and judicial power", "answer_start": 282}], "question": "What three powers usually found in government are held by the Pope and College of Cardinals?", "id": "5a21cf998a6e4f001aa08efe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the Roman Church, universal positive ecclesiastical laws, based upon either immutable divine and natural law, or changeable circumstantial and merely positive law, derive formal authority and promulgation from the office of pope, who as Supreme Pontiff possesses the totality of legislative, executive, and judicial power in his person. The actual subject material of the canons is not just doctrinal or moral in nature, but all-encompassing of the human condition."}], ["Ia adalah satu sistem undang-undang yang dibangunkan sepenuhnya, dengan semua elemen yang perlu: mahkamah, peguam, hakim, prinsip undang-undang undang-undang yang sepenuhnya dinyatakan tafsiran undang-undang, dan penalti pemaksaan, walaupun ia tidak mempunyai kuasa yang mengikat secara umum dalam bidang kuasa sekular. Ijazah akademik dalam undang-undang kanon adalah J.C.B. (Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus, Sarjana Muda Undang-undang Canon, biasanya diambil sebagai ijazah siswazah), J.C.L. (Juris Canonici Licentiatus, Licentiate of Canon Law) dan J.C.D. (Juris Canonici Doctor, Doktor Hukum Canon). Oleh kerana sifat khususnya, ijazah lanjutan dalam undang-undang atau teologi sivil adalah prasyarat biasa untuk mengkaji undang-undang kanon. <> Apakah peranan profesional daripada undang-undang sekular yang dilakukan oleh Gereja Katolik? || peguam, hakim <> Apa yang tidak terdapat dalam sistem undang-undang Katolik berbanding dengan undang-undang bukan agama? || daya ikatan mengikat <> Apakah J.C.B. berdiri untuk? || Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus <> Apakah setara bahasa Inggeris istilah yang disingkat oleh J.C.B.? || Sarjana Muda Undang-Undang Canon <> Apakah istilah Latin untuk Perisikan Undang-undang Kanon? || Juris Canonici Licentiatus <> Apa yang belum dibangunkan sepenuhnya di dalam Gereja Katolik? || <> Apakah jenis kuasa yang mengikat apakah Gereja Katolik yang tidak berada dalam bidang kuasa yang paling sekular? || <> Apakah salah satu darjah bukan akademik dalam undang-undang Canon? || <> Apa yang biasanya tidak dipersetujui untuk mengkaji undang-undang kanon? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What profesional roles from secular law does the Catholic Church also employ?", "id": "56e0f9657aa994140058e84f", "answers": [{"text": "lawyers, judges", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is not present in the Catholic legal system as compared with non-religious law?", "id": "56e0f9657aa994140058e850", "answers": [{"text": "civilly-binding force", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does J.C.B. stand for?", "id": "56e0f9657aa994140058e851", "answers": [{"text": "Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the English equivalent of the term abbreviated by J.C.B.?", "id": "56e0f9657aa994140058e852", "answers": [{"text": "Bachelor of Canon Law", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Latin term for Licentiate of Canon Law?", "id": "56e0f9657aa994140058e853", "answers": [{"text": "Juris Canonici Licentiatus", "answer_start": 406}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "legal system", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "What is not fully developed in the Catholic Church?", "id": "5a21d3708a6e4f001aa08f30", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "civilly-binding", "answer_start": 203}], "question": "What kind of binding forces does the Catholic Church have that are not in most secular jurisdictions?", "id": "5a21d3708a6e4f001aa08f31", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus, Bachelor of Canon Law,", "answer_start": 294}], "question": "What is one of the non-academic degrees in Canon law?", "id": "5a21d3708a6e4f001aa08f32", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "degrees in civil law or theology", "answer_start": 564}], "question": "What are usually not pre-request for studying canon law?", "id": "5a21d3708a6e4f001aa08f33", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus, Bachelor of Canon Law, normally taken as a graduate degree), J.C.L. (Juris Canonici Licentiatus, Licentiate of Canon Law) and the J.C.D. (Juris Canonici Doctor, Doctor of Canon Law). Because of its specialized nature, advanced degrees in civil law or theology are normal prerequisites for the study of canon law."}], ["The Origins Apostolik atau Ecclesiastical Canons of the Apostles of the Apostles yang sama adalah kumpulan dekrit eklesiastik purba (lapan puluh lima di Timur, lima puluh di Gereja Barat) mengenai pemerintah dan disiplin Gereja Kristian Awal, yang digabungkan dengan Perlembagaan Apostolik yang sebahagian daripada Bapa Ante-Nicene Pada abad keempat, Majlis Pertama Nicaea (325) memanggil langkah-langkah disiplin Gereja: istilah kanon, \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u1f60\u03bd, bermakna dalam bahasa Yunani, suatu peraturan. Terdapat perbezaan yang sangat awal antara peraturan-peraturan yang digubal oleh Gereja dan langkah-langkah perundangan yang diambil oleh Negara yang dipanggil leges, Latin untuk undang-undang. <> Berapa banyak kanun kuno yang wujud di Gereja Timur? || lapan puluh lima <> Berapa banyak kanon kuno yang ada di Gereja Barat? || lima puluh <> Apa istilah lain untuk Kisah Para Rasul? || Ecclesiastical Canons <> Bilakah Majlis Pertama Nicaea diadakan? || 325 <> Apakah definisi Yunani \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u1f60\u03bd? || peraturan <> Apa gereja Barat mempunyai lapan puluh lima? || <> Apa gereja Timur mempunyai lima puluh? || <> Apa yang terdiri daripada koleksi dekret dan meriam gerejawi? || <> Apa yang bapa Bapa Ante-Nicene memanggil meriam? || <> Apa Majlis bertemu pada tahun 325 SM? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many ancient canons exist in the Eastern Church?", "id": "56e0f1e7231d4119001ac4a8", "answers": [{"text": "eighty-five", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many ancient canons exist in the Western Church?", "id": "56e0f1e7231d4119001ac4a9", "answers": [{"text": "fifty", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another term for Apostolic Canons?", "id": "56e0f1e7231d4119001ac4aa", "answers": [{"text": "Ecclesiastical Canons", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the First Council of Nicaea held?", "id": "56e0f1e7231d4119001ac4ab", "answers": [{"text": "325", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Greek definition of \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u1f60\u03bd?", "id": "56e0f1e7231d4119001ac4ac", "answers": [{"text": "a rule", "answer_start": 489}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ecclesiastical decrees", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "What does the Western church have eighty-five of?", "id": "5a21cd298a6e4f001aa08ed6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ecclesiastical decrees", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "What does the Eastern church have fifty of?", "id": "5a21cd298a6e4f001aa08ed7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Apostolic Canons", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What is made up of a collection of ecclesiastical decrees and cannons?", "id": "5a21cd298a6e4f001aa08ed8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "disciplinary measures of the Church", "answer_start": 413}], "question": "What did the Ante-Nicene fathers call cannons?", "id": "5a21cd298a6e4f001aa08ed9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "First Council of Nicaea", "answer_start": 366}], "question": "What Council met in 325 BC?", "id": "5a21cd298a6e4f001aa08eda", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles is a collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees (eighty-five in the Eastern, fifty in the Western Church) concerning the government and discipline of the Early Christian Church, incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions which are part of the Ante-Nicene Fathers In the fourth century the First Council of Nicaea (325) calls canons the disciplinary measures of the Church: the term canon, \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u1f60\u03bd, means in Greek, a rule. There is a very early distinction between the rules enacted by the Church and the legislative measures taken by the State called leges, Latin for laws."}], ["Undang-undang Canon adalah badan undang-undang dan peraturan yang dibuat oleh kuasa gerejawi (kepemimpinan Gereja), untuk pemerintahan organisasi Kristen atau gereja dan anggotanya. Ia adalah undang-undang gereja dalaman yang mengawal Gereja Katolik (kedua-dua Gereja Latin dan Gereja Katolik Timur), gereja-gereja Ortodoks Timur dan Timur, dan gereja-gereja kebangsaan masing-masing dalam Perjumpaan Anglikan. Cara supaya undang-undang gereja sedemikian digubal, ditafsirkan dan kadang-kadang ditakrifkan secara meluas di antara tiga jenazah gereja ini. Dalam ketiga-tiga tradisi ini, kanon pada asalnya merupakan peraturan yang diterima pakai oleh majlis gereja; kanon ini membentuk dasar undang-undang kanon. <> Apakah nama peraturan yang dikeluarkan oleh ketua-ketua Gereja? || Undang-undang Canon <> Dalam apa jenis agama adalah undang-undang kanun yang terpakai? || Kristian <> Institusi mana yang membentuk Gereja Katolik? || Gereja Latin dan Gereja Katolik Timur <> Badan apa yang pertama bertanggungjawab untuk membuat kanon? || dewan gereja <> Apa undang-undang kanon terdiri daripada? || canons <> Apa nama aturan yang dibuat oleh orang awam gereja? || <> Gereja mana yang terdiri daripada gereja Katolik Latin dan Barat || <> Semua agama ditadbir oleh peraturan apa? || <> Apa yang asalnya diterima oleh Paus? || <> Sepanjang apa yang tiga badan adalah undang-undang kanon ditafsirkan dengan cara yang sama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name for the rules issued by the heads of the Church?", "id": "56e0f09d231d4119001ac476", "answers": [{"text": "Canon law", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what type of religion are canon laws applicable?", "id": "56e0f09d231d4119001ac477", "answers": [{"text": "Christian", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which institutions make up the Catholic Church?", "id": "56e0f09d231d4119001ac478", "answers": [{"text": "Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body was first responsible for creating canon?", "id": "56e0f09d231d4119001ac479", "answers": [{"text": "church council", "answer_start": 606}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does canon law consist of?", "id": "56e0f09d231d4119001ac47a", "answers": [{"text": "canons", "answer_start": 628}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Canon law", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is the name of rules made by lay people of the church?", "id": "5a21c9378a6e4f001aa08ebe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Catholic Church", "answer_start": 226}], "question": "What church is made up of the Latin and Western Catholic churches", "id": "5a21c9378a6e4f001aa08ebf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Canon law", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "All religions are governed by what rules?", "id": "5a21c9378a6e4f001aa08ec0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Canon law", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What was originally adopted by the Pope?", "id": "5a21c9378a6e4f001aa08ec1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches, and the individual national churches within the Anglican Communion", "answer_start": 293}], "question": "Throughout what three bodies is canon law interpreted the same way?", "id": "5a21c9378a6e4f001aa08ec2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church (both Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches), the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches, and the individual national churches within the Anglican Communion. The way that such church law is legislated, interpreted and at times adjudicated varies widely among these three bodies of churches. In all three traditions, a canon was originally a rule adopted by a church council; these canons formed the foundation of canon law."}], ["Gereja-gereja lain di Komuni Anglikan di seluruh dunia (mis., Gereja Episcopal di Amerika Syarikat, dan Gereja Anglikan Kanada) masih berfungsi di bawah sistem undang-undang kanun peribadi mereka sendiri. <> Apakah istilah untuk Gereja England dan jemaat yang sejajar dengannya? || Perjamuan Anglikan <> Apa contoh seorang anggota Komunikan Anglikan di Amerika? || Gereja Episcopal <> Apa contoh seorang anggota Komunikan Anglikan di Kanada? || Gereja Anglikan Kanada <> Apa gereja-gereja persekutuan Anglikan Komuni masih beroperasi? || sistem undang-undang kanon mereka sendiri <> Apa istilah untuk gereja England tetapi bukan gereja-gereja yang menyelaraskannya? || <> Apa gereja adalah Gereja Episcopal yang tidak bergabung dengannya? || <> Apa gereja-gereja tidak lagi beroperasi dengan undang-undang kanon peribadi mereka sendiri? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a term for the Church of England and churches that align with it?", "id": "56e1156fe3433e1400422bae", "answers": [{"text": "the Anglican Communion", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of a member of the Anglican Communion in America?", "id": "56e1156fe3433e1400422baf", "answers": [{"text": "the Episcopal Church", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of a member of the Anglican Communion in Canada?", "id": "56e1156fe3433e1400422bb0", "answers": [{"text": "the Anglican Church of Canada", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do extant churches of the Anglican Communion still operate with?", "id": "56e1156fe3433e1400422bb1", "answers": [{"text": "their own private systems of canon law", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Anglican Communion", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "What is a term for the church of England but not the churches that align with it?", "id": "5a21da318a6e4f001aa08f8c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Anglican Communion", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "What church is Episcopal Church not affiliated with?", "id": "5a21da318a6e4f001aa08f8d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Other churches in the Anglican Communion around the world", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What churches no longer operate with their own private system of canon law?", "id": "5a21da318a6e4f001aa08f8e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Other churches in the Anglican Communion around the world (e.g., the Episcopal Church in the United States, and the Anglican Church of Canada) still function under their own private systems of canon law."}], ["Di gereja Presbyterian dan Reformed, undang-undang kanon dikenali sebagai \"amalan dan prosedur\" atau \"perintah gereja\", dan termasuk undang-undang gereja berkenaan dengan kerajaan, disiplin, amalan undang-undang dan ibadat. <> Apakah dua istilah lain yang mungkin untuk undang-undang kanon di antara beberapa denominasi? || \"amalan dan prosedur\" atau \"perintah gereja\" <> Dalam apa jenis institusi adalah peraturan kanun yang dipanggil \"amalan dan prosedur\"? || Gereja-gereja Presbyterian dan Reformed <> Apa aspek pengurusan dilindungi oleh perintah gereja? || kerajaan <> Apakah aspek kebajikan yang dilindungi oleh amalan dan prosedur? || disiplin <> Apa aspek iman dilindungi oleh undang-undang kanon? || penyembahan <> Hukum Canon berbeza daripada apa yang terdapat dalam denominasi lain? || <> Apakah aspek pengurusan tidak dilindungi oleh perintah gereja? || <> Apakah aspek inti yang tidak dilindungi oleh amalan dan prosedur? || <> Apakah aspek iman tidak dilindungi oleh undang-undang kanon? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are two other possible terms for canon law among some denominations?", "id": "56e1170de3433e1400422bc0", "answers": [{"text": "\"practice and procedure\" or \"church order\"", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what types of institutions are canon rules called \"practice and procedure\"?", "id": "56e1170de3433e1400422bc1", "answers": [{"text": "Presbyterian and Reformed churches", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What aspect of management is covered by church order?", "id": "56e1170de3433e1400422bc2", "answers": [{"text": "government", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What aspect of decorum is covered by practice and procedure?", "id": "56e1170de3433e1400422bc3", "answers": [{"text": "discipline", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What aspect of faith is covered by canon law?", "id": "56e1170de3433e1400422bc4", "answers": [{"text": "worship", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "practice and procedure", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "Canon law is different from what in other denominations?", "id": "5a21db1e8a6e4f001aa08f9a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "government", "answer_start": 151}], "question": "What aspect of management is not covered by church order?", "id": "5a21db1e8a6e4f001aa08f9b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "discipline", "answer_start": 163}], "question": "What aspect of the core is not covered by practice and procedures?", "id": "5a21db1e8a6e4f001aa08f9c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "worship", "answer_start": 194}], "question": "What aspect of faith is not covered by canon law?", "id": "5a21db1e8a6e4f001aa08f9d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In Presbyterian and Reformed churches, canon law is known as \"practice and procedure\" or \"church order\", and includes the church's laws respecting its government, discipline, legal practice and worship."}], ["Teori Jurisprudential Canonical umumnya mengikuti prinsip falsafah undang-undang Aristoteles-Thomistic. Walaupun istilah \"undang-undang\" tidak ditakrifkan secara terang-terangan dalam Kod, Catechisme Gereja Katolik menyebut Aquinas dalam menentukan undang-undang sebagai \"... suatu peraturan sebab kebaikan bersama, yang diisytiharkan oleh orang yang bertanggungjawab terhadap komuniti \"dan mengubahnya sebagai\" ... peraturan kelakuan yang digubal oleh pihak berkuasa berwibawa demi kebaikan bersama. \" <> Sekolah pemikiran apa yang berfungsi sebagai model untuk teori kanon? || Aristoteles-Thomistic <> Filsuf mana yang dipetik oleh Catechism? || Aquinas <> Kata apa yang tidak diberikan secara khusus dalam Kod Gereja? || Undang-undang <> Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh Aquinas sebagai tujuan ke arah mana undang-undang berfungsi? || kebaikan umum <> Istilah apa yang menyatakan idea undang-undang yang berasal dari Aquinas seperti yang ditafsirkan oleh Catechism? || peraturan tingkah laku <> Apa yang umumnya mengikuti prinsip-prinsip Aristoteles dan Plato? || <> Falsafah mana yang memetik katekismus? || <> Istilah apa yang ditakrifkan secara jelas dalam kod? || <> Apa yang dikatakan Aquinas bekerja untuk kebaikan gereja? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What school of thought serves as a model for canon theory?", "id": "56e102b7cd28a01900c6742b", "answers": [{"text": "Aristotelian-Thomistic", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which philosopher is quoted by the Catechism?", "id": "56e102b7cd28a01900c6742c", "answers": [{"text": "Aquinas", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What word is not specifically given meaning in the Code of the Church?", "id": "56e102b7cd28a01900c6742d", "answers": [{"text": "law", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Aquinas define as the aim toward which law is working?", "id": "56e102b7cd28a01900c6742e", "answers": [{"text": "the common good", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term expresses the idea of law derived from Aquinas as interpreted by the Catechism?", "id": "56e102b7cd28a01900c6742f", "answers": [{"text": "a rule of conduct", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Canonical jurisprudential theory", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What generally follows the principles of Aristotle and Plato?", "id": "5a21d6a68a6e4f001aa08f52", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Aquinas", "answer_start": 215}], "question": "Which philosopher quoted the catechism?", "id": "5a21d6a68a6e4f001aa08f53", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "law", "answer_start": 126}], "question": "What term is explicitly defined in the code?", "id": "5a21d6a68a6e4f001aa08f54", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "an ordinance of reason", "answer_start": 246}], "question": "What does Aquinas say is working towards the good of the church?", "id": "5a21d6a68a6e4f001aa08f55", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Canonical jurisprudential theory generally follows the principles of Aristotelian-Thomistic legal philosophy. While the term \"law\" is never explicitly defined in the Code, the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as \"...an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated by the one who is in charge of the community\" and reformulates it as \"...a rule of conduct enacted by competent authority for the sake of the common good.\""}], ["Institusi dan praktik hukum kanon menyerupai perkembangan hukum di sebagian besar Eropa, dan akibatnya kedua hukum sipil modern dan hukum umum (sistem hukum) menanggung pengaruh hukum kanon. Edson Luiz Sampel, pakar Brazil dalam undang-undang kanon, mengatakan bahawa hukum kanun terkandung dalam genesis pelbagai institut undang-undang sivil, seperti undang-undang di benua Eropah dan negara-negara Amerika Latin. Sampel menjelaskan bahawa undang-undang kanon mempunyai pengaruh penting dalam masyarakat kontemporari. <> Apa undang-undang benua yang dibangunkan bersama dengan jemaat? || Eropah <> Di mana undang-undang jenis bolehkah unsur undang-undang kanon dilihat? || undang-undang sivil moden dan undang-undang umum <> Siapa menyatakan bahawa undang-undang Gereja boleh dilihat dalam pertumbuhan institusi undang-undang sivil? || Sampel Edson Luiz <> Apa dua wilayah yang disebut Sampel sebagai contoh pengaruh undang-undang kanon? || Eropah dan Amerika Latin <> Apakah tuntutan Sampel mempunyai kesan yang besar? || masyarakat kontemporari <> Undang-undang apa yang dipadankan dengan pembangunan undang-undang di Eropah dan Amerika Latin? || <> Apa yang dipengaruhi oleh undang-undang sivil dan undang-undang biasa? || <> Siapa kata bahawa undang-undang Canon mempunyai sedikit pengaruh dalam masyarakat kontemporari? || <> Apa yang terkandung dalam pelbagai institusi di Eropah dan Asia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What continent's laws developed alongside those of the Church?", "id": "56e101c8cd28a01900c67419", "answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which types of law can elements of canon law be seen?", "id": "56e101c8cd28a01900c6741a", "answers": [{"text": "modern civil law and common law", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who stated that Church law can be seen in the growth of civil law institutions?", "id": "56e101c8cd28a01900c6741b", "answers": [{"text": "Edson Luiz Sampel", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two regions does Sampel cite as examples of the influence of canon law?", "id": "56e101c8cd28a01900c6741c", "answers": [{"text": "Europe and Latin American", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Sampel claim had a great impact on?", "id": "56e101c8cd28a01900c6741d", "answers": [{"text": "contemporary society", "answer_start": 463}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "canon law", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "What law paralleled the legal development of Europe and Latin America?", "id": "5a21d5c18a6e4f001aa08f40", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "canon law", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "What was influenced by civil law and common law?", "id": "5a21d5c18a6e4f001aa08f41", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Edson Luiz Sampel", "answer_start": 199}], "question": "Who said that Canon law has little influence in contemporary society?", "id": "5a21d5c18a6e4f001aa08f42", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "canon law", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "What is contained in various institutions of Europe and Asia?", "id": "5a21d5c18a6e4f001aa08f43", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The institutions and practices of canon law paralleled the legal development of much of Europe, and consequently both modern civil law and common law (legal system) bear the influences of canon law. Edson Luiz Sampel, a Brazilian expert in canon law, says that canon law is contained in the genesis of various institutes of civil law, such as the law in continental Europe and Latin American countries. Sampel explains that canon law has significant influence in contemporary society."}], ["Kod Kanaan pertama, 1917, kebanyakannya untuk Roman Ritus, dengan permohonan terhad kepada Jemaat Timur. Selepas Majlis Vatikan Kedua, (1962 - 1965), edisi lain diterbitkan secara khusus untuk Ritus Rom pada tahun 1983. Paling baru-baru ini, 1990, Vatican menghasilkan Kod Kanon Jemaat Timur yang menjadi kod 1 Katolik Kanonik Timur Katolik . <> Bilakah kod Kanun asal Canon diterbitkan? || 1917 <> Untuk mana sebahagian daripada Gereja Katolik Roma adalah Kod pertama yang diterbitkan? || Ritus Rom <> Selama tahun apakah Majlis Vatikan Kedua diadakan? || 1962 - 1965 <> Untuk siapa edisi undang-undang kanun edisi baru yang dikeluarkan pada tahun 1983? || Roman Rite <> Bilakah kod pertama dihasilkan untuk Gereja-gereja Timur? || 1990 <> Apa yang diterbitkan sebelum tahun 1917? || <> Bilakah kod Hukum Canon ditulis untuk semua lima kadar? || <> Nasihat apa yang telah berakhir pada tahun 1962? || <> Apa yang diterbitkan secara khusus untuk hak Timur pada tahun 1983? || <> Bilakah undang-undang Kanun Katolik Timur diterbitkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the original Code of Canon Law published?", "id": "56e1040ecd28a01900c6743d", "answers": [{"text": "1917", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For which part of the Roman Catholic Church was the first Code published?", "id": "56e1040ecd28a01900c6743e", "answers": [{"text": "the Roman Rite", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what years was the Second Vatican Council held?", "id": "56e1040ecd28a01900c6743f", "answers": [{"text": "1962 - 1965", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For whom was a new edition of canon law released in 1983?", "id": "56e1040ecd28a01900c67440", "answers": [{"text": "the Roman Rite", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the first Code produced for Eastern Churches?", "id": "56e1040ecd28a01900c67441", "answers": [{"text": "1990", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "first Code of Canon Law", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What was published prior to 1917?", "id": "5a21d8428a6e4f001aa08f64", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1917", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "When was the code of Canon Law written for all five rates?", "id": "5a21d8428a6e4f001aa08f65", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Second Vatican Council", "answer_start": 122}], "question": "What counsel ended in 1962?", "id": "5a21d8428a6e4f001aa08f66", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "another edition", "answer_start": 165}], "question": "What was published specifically for the Eastern right in 1983?", "id": "5a21d8428a6e4f001aa08f67", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1990,", "answer_start": 251}], "question": "When was the second coat of Eastern Catholic canon law published?", "id": "5a21d8428a6e4f001aa08f68", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The first Code of Canon Law, 1917, was mostly for the Roman Rite, with limited application to the Eastern Churches. After the Second Vatican Council, (1962 - 1965), another edition was published specifically for the Roman Rite in 1983. Most recently, 1990, the Vatican produced the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches which became the 1st code of Eastern Catholic Canon Law."}], ["Kebanyakan gaya perundangan telah diadaptasi dari Kod Undang-undang Roman Justinian. Akibatnya, mahkamah-mahkamah gereja Rom cenderung untuk mengikuti gaya Undang-undang Rom di benua Eropah dengan beberapa variasi, yang menampilkan panel hakim-hakim sarjana dan bentuk penyiasatan yang dipanggil \"inquisitorial\", dari bahasa Latin \"inquirere\", untuk bertanya. Ini bertentangan dengan bentuk prosiding pembangkang yang terdapat dalam sistem undang-undang umum undang-undang Inggeris dan A.S., yang memaparkan perkara-perkara seperti juri dan hakim tunggal. <> Apa undang-undang kuno berkhidmat sebagai pendahulu kepada jenis undang-undang yang dilihat dalam Katolik Rom? || Undang-undang Hukum Rom Justinian <> Kata apa yang menyentuh jenis prosedur yang terdapat di mahkamah Amerika dan British? || adversarial <> Apa istilah yang mencirikan jenis prosedur yang digunakan dalam pengadilan Gereja Roman? || inquisitorial <> Apa maksud bahasa Inggeris? || untuk bertanya <> Apa yang disesuaikan dengan kod undang-undang Roman dari Julius Caesar? || <> Pengadilan apa yang mengikuti gaya bilik dan undang-undang yang terdapat di Eurasia? || <> Apakah sistem undang-undang lain yang mana mahkamah gerejawi berkongsi bentuk adversarial dengan? || <> Apakah hakim-hakim gereja mempunyai panel hakim? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What ancient law served as the precursor to the type of legislation seen in the Roman Catholics?", "id": "56e0fb7b231d4119001ac530", "answers": [{"text": "Roman Law Code of Justinian", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What word characterizes the type of procedure found in American and British courts?", "id": "56e0fb7b231d4119001ac531", "answers": [{"text": "adversarial", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term characterizes the type of procedure used in Roman Church courts?", "id": "56e0fb7b231d4119001ac532", "answers": [{"text": "inquisitorial", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the English meaning of inquirere?", "id": "56e0fb7b231d4119001ac533", "answers": [{"text": "to enquire", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "legislative style", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "What was adapted from the Roman law code of Julius Caesar?", "id": "5a21d4c68a6e4f001aa08f38", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ecclesiastical", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "What courts follow the room and law style found in Eurasia?", "id": "5a21d4c68a6e4f001aa08f39", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "common law system of English and U.S. law", "answer_start": 413}], "question": "What other law system do ecclesiastical courts share an adversarial form with?", "id": "5a21d4c68a6e4f001aa08f3a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "single judges", "answer_start": 497}], "question": "What do ecclesiastical courts have rather then collegiate panels of judges?", "id": "5a21d4c68a6e4f001aa08f3b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Much of the legislative style was adapted from the Roman Law Code of Justinian. As a result, Roman ecclesiastical courts tend to follow the Roman Law style of continental Europe with some variation, featuring collegiate panels of judges and an investigative form of proceeding, called \"inquisitorial\", from the Latin \"inquirere\", to enquire. This is in contrast to the adversarial form of proceeding found in the common law system of English and U.S. law, which features such things as juries and single judges."}], ["Pada masa ini, (2004), terdapat prinsip undang-undang kanon yang lazim bagi gereja-gereja dalam Komuni Anglikan; kewujudan mereka boleh ditubuhkan secara faktual; setiap wilayah atau gereja menyumbang melalui sistem perundangannya sendiri kepada prinsip-prinsip undang-undang kanon yang lazim dalam Komuni; Prinsip-prinsip ini mempunyai otoritas persuasif yang kuat dan merupakan asas bagi pemahaman diri masing-masing gereja-gereja Perjamuan; prinsip-prinsip ini mempunyai kekuatan hidup, dan mengandung kemungkinan untuk perkembangan selanjutnya; dan kewujudan prinsip-prinsip ini menunjukkan kesatuan dan mempromosikan perpaduan dalam Komunikan Anglikan. <> Sehingga tahun 2004, apa yang dikongsi oleh semua Gereja-gereja Komuni Anglikan? || prinsip undang-undang kanon <> Apa istilah yang mencirikan cara di mana kewujudan prinsip kanon boleh ditunjukkan? || Fakta <Melalui apa yang setiap anggota Komunikan Anglikan membuat sumbangan kepada undang-undang Gereja? || sistem perundangannya sendiri <> Gaya jenis apa yang boleh dikatakan prinsip kanonik dalam Komuni? || Hidup <> Apa yang menunjukkan prinsip-prinsip umum dan sokongan untuk gereja-gereja di dalamnya Komun? || perpaduan <> Pada tahun 2004 apa gereja-gereja Komuni Anglican tidak lagi dibagikan? || <> Undang-undang gereja Anglican menyumbang kepada apa untuk setiap anggotanya? || <> Apa yang tidak asas untuk pemahaman diri terhadap setiap gereja-gereja Perjamuan? || <> Apa yang ada menunjukkan prinsip individu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "As of 2004, what do all Anglican Communion Churches share?", "id": "56e11661e3433e1400422bb6", "answers": [{"text": "principles of canon law", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term characterizes the way in which the existence of canon principles can be shown?", "id": "56e11661e3433e1400422bb7", "answers": [{"text": "factually", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Through what does each member of the Anglican Communion make a contribution to Church law? ", "id": "56e11661e3433e1400422bb8", "answers": [{"text": "its own legal system", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of force could the canonical principles be said to have within the Communion?", "id": "56e11661e3433e1400422bb9", "answers": [{"text": "living", "answer_start": 442}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does having common principles show and support for churches int he Communion?", "id": "56e11661e3433e1400422bba", "answers": [{"text": "unity", "answer_start": 578}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "principles of canon law", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "As of 2004 what to Anglican Communion churches no longer share?", "id": "5a21dad08a6e4f001aa08f92", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "legal system", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "Anglican church law contributes to what for each of its members?", "id": "5a21dad08a6e4f001aa08f93", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "principles of canon law", "answer_start": 225}], "question": "What is not fundamental to self understanding of each of the churches of the Communion?", "id": "5a21dad08a6e4f001aa08f94", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "unity", "answer_start": 597}], "question": "What does having individual principle show?", "id": "5a21dad08a6e4f001aa08f95", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Currently, (2004), there are principles of canon law common to the churches within the Anglican Communion; their existence can be factually established; each province or church contributes through its own legal system to the principles of canon law common within the Communion; these principles have a strong persuasive authority and are fundamental to the self-understanding of each of the churches of the Communion; these principles have a living force, and contain in themselves the possibility of further development; and the existence of these principles both demonstrates unity and promotes unity within the Anglican Communion. "}], ["Di Gereja England, mahkamah gereja yang sebelum ini memutuskan banyak perkara seperti pertikaian yang berkaitan dengan perkahwinan, perceraian, kehendak, dan fitnah, masih mempunyai bidang kuasa beberapa hal yang berhubungan dengan gereja (mis. Disiplin pendeta, perubahan harta gereja, dan isu berkaitan dengan gereja-gereja). Status berasingan mereka bermula pada abad ke-12 ketika Norman memecah mereka dari daerah campuran sekular / agama dan gelanggang tempatan yang digunakan oleh Saxons. Berbeza dengan mahkamah-mahkamah lain England undang-undang yang digunakan dalam perkara-perkara gerejawi adalah sekurang-kurangnya sebagian sistem undang-undang sivil, bukan undang-undang umum, walaupun banyak ditadbir oleh undang-undang parlimen. Sejak Reformasi, mahkamah gereja di England telah menjadi mahkamah diraja. Pengajaran undang-undang kanon di Universiti Oxford dan Cambridge telah dibatalkan oleh Henry VIII; selepas itu pengamal di mahkamah gerejawi dilatih dalam undang-undang sivil, menerima ijazah Doktor Perundangan Sivil (D.C.L.) dari Oxford, atau seorang Doktor Perundangan (LL.D.) dari Cambridge. Peguam-peguam tersebut (dipanggil \"doktor\" dan \"orang awam\") berpusat di \"Doctors Commons\", beberapa jalan di selatan Katedral St Paul di London, di mana mereka memonopoli kes probet, pernikahan, dan adamiralty sehingga bidang kuasa mereka telah dikeluarkan ke undang-undang umum mahkamah pada pertengahan abad ke-19. <> Dalam institusi apakah yang dilakukan oleh gereja masih mempunyai fungsi yang relevan dalam masyarakat sekular? || Gereja England <> Dalam abad apa yang dipisahkan oleh Saxons dan Norman? || Ke-12 <> Apa jenis undang-undang yang tidak dijumpai dalam sistem gereja pada zaman moden? || undang-undang umum <> Di mana universiti adalah undang-undang undang-undang kanun dihapuskan? || Oxford dan Cambridge <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab melarang pendidikan undang-undang kanon dari Oxford dan Cambridge? || Henry VIII <> Di manakah gelanggang gereja tidak lagi berfungsi dalam masyarakat sekular? || <> Apa yang Norman berpecah dari pada 1200an? || <> Dalam satu negara adalah perkara-perkara gereja sebahagian daripada sistem undang-undang umum? || <> Apakah pengadilan gerejawi sebelum Reformasi di England? || <> Apa universiti menawarkan ijazah undang-undang Canon? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what institution do church courts still have relevant functions in secular society?", "id": "56e10f57cd28a01900c674ff", "answers": [{"text": "the Church of England", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did Saxons and Normans separate?", "id": "56e10f57cd28a01900c67500", "answers": [{"text": "12th", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of law is not found in ecclesiastical systems in the modern day?", "id": "56e10f57cd28a01900c67501", "answers": [{"text": "common law", "answer_start": 601}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At which universities were canon law degrees abolished?", "id": "56e10f57cd28a01900c67502", "answers": [{"text": "Oxford and Cambridge", "answer_start": 795}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was responsible for banning canon law education from Oxford and Cambridge?", "id": "56e10f57cd28a01900c67503", "answers": [{"text": "Henry VIII", "answer_start": 833}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Church of England", "answer_start": 7}], "question": "Where do church courts no longer function in secular society?", "id": "5a21d9c48a6e4f001aa08f82", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mixed secular/religious county and local courts used by the Saxons", "answer_start": 405}], "question": "What did the Normans split away from in the 1200s?", "id": "5a21d9c48a6e4f001aa08f83", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "England", "answer_start": 508}], "question": "In one country is ecclesiastical matters part of a common law system?", "id": "5a21d9c48a6e4f001aa08f84", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "royal courts", "answer_start": 732}], "question": "What were ecclesiastical courts prior to the Reformation in England?", "id": "5a21d9c48a6e4f001aa08f85", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universities of Oxford and Cambridge", "answer_start": 779}], "question": "What universities offer Canon law degrees?", "id": "5a21d9c48a6e4f001aa08f86", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the Church of England, the ecclesiastical courts that formerly decided many matters such as disputes relating to marriage, divorce, wills, and defamation, still have jurisdiction of certain church-related matters (e.g. discipline of clergy, alteration of church property, and issues related to churchyards). Their separate status dates back to the 12th century when the Normans split them off from the mixed secular/religious county and local courts used by the Saxons. In contrast to the other courts of England the law used in ecclesiastical matters is at least partially a civil law system, not common law, although heavily governed by parliamentary statutes. Since the Reformation, ecclesiastical courts in England have been royal courts. The teaching of canon law at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge was abrogated by Henry VIII; thereafter practitioners in the ecclesiastical courts were trained in civil law, receiving a Doctor of Civil Law (D.C.L.) degree from Oxford, or a Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) degree from Cambridge. Such lawyers (called \"doctors\" and \"civilians\") were centered at \"Doctors Commons\", a few streets south of St Paul's Cathedral in London, where they monopolized probate, matrimonial, and admiralty cases until their jurisdiction was removed to the common law courts in the mid-19th century."}], ["Undang-undang Gereja-gereja Katolik Timur dalam kesatuan penuh dengan Rom berada dalam keadaan yang sama dengan Gereja Latin atau Barat sebelum tahun 1917; lebih banyak kepelbagaian dalam undang-undang wujud di pelbagai jemaat Katolik Timur. Setiap orang mempunyai undang-undang istimewa sendiri, di mana adat masih memainkan peranan penting. Pada tahun 1929 Pius XI memaklumkan kepada Jemaat-jemaat Timur mengenai hasratnya untuk menguruskan Kod untuk seluruh Gereja Timur. Penerbitan Kod-kod ini untuk Jemaat-jemaat Timur mengenai undang-undang orang telah dibuat antara tahun 1949 hingga 1958 tetapi telah dimuktamadkan hampir 30 tahun kemudian. <> Sebelum tahun 1917, apa gereja berada dalam keadaan yang sama seperti Gereja-gereja Katolik Timur mengenai sistem perundangannya? || Gereja Latin atau Barat <> Apa yang berbeza mengenai Jemaat Timur berbanding dengan Barat? || lebih banyak kepelbagaian dalam undang-undang <> Apa yang menjadi faktor utama dalam undang-undang Gereja Timur? || adat <> Bilakah Pius XI mengumumkan matlamatnya untuk memodifikasi hukum semua jemaat Timur? || 1929 <> Dalam tempoh masa apakah kod-kod untuk Jemaat Timur disediakan, sebelum versi terakhir? || 1949 hingga 1958 <> Siapakah di negeri yang sama seperti gereja Latin selepas tahun 1917? || <> Apakah yang sama di gereja Timur dan Barat sebelum tahun 1917? || <> Bilakah Pius IX mengumumkan matlamatnya untuk memodifikasi hukum semua gereja di Timur? || <> Apa yang telah dimuktamadkan pada tahun 1958? || <> Apa yang masih menunggu untuk dimuktamadkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Prior to 1917, what church was in a similar situation as the Eastern Catholic Churches as regards its legal system?", "id": "56e1039be3433e1400422aa6", "answers": [{"text": "the Latin or Western Church", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was different about the Eastern Churches compared with the Western?", "id": "56e1039be3433e1400422aa7", "answers": [{"text": "more diversity in legislation", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was still a main factor in the Eastern Church laws?", "id": "56e1039be3433e1400422aa8", "answers": [{"text": "custom", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Pius XI announce his goal of codifying the law of all Eastern Churches?", "id": "56e1039be3433e1400422aa9", "answers": [{"text": "1929", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what time period were the Codes for Eastern Churches made available, prior to the final version?", "id": "56e1039be3433e1400422aaa", "answers": [{"text": "1949 through 1958", "answer_start": 528}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Eastern Catholic Churches", "answer_start": 15}], "question": "Who is in much the same state as the Latin church after 1917?", "id": "5a21d7a58a6e4f001aa08f5a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "diversity in legislation", "answer_start": 154}], "question": "What was the same in the Eastern and Western church prior to 1917?", "id": "5a21d7a58a6e4f001aa08f5b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1929", "answer_start": 310}], "question": "When did Pius IX announced his goal of codifying the law of all Eastern churches?", "id": "5a21d7a58a6e4f001aa08f5c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Codes for the Eastern Churches", "answer_start": 451}], "question": "What was finalized in 1958?", "id": "5a21d7a58a6e4f001aa08f5d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Codes for the Eastern Churches regarding the law of persons", "answer_start": 451}], "question": "What is still waiting to be finalized?", "id": "5a21d7a58a6e4f001aa08f5e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The law of the Eastern Catholic Churches in full union with Rome was in much the same state as that of the Latin or Western Church before 1917; much more diversity in legislation existed in the various Eastern Catholic Churches. Each had its own special law, in which custom still played an important part. In 1929 Pius XI informed the Eastern Churches of his intention to work out a Code for the whole of the Eastern Church. The publication of these Codes for the Eastern Churches regarding the law of persons was made between 1949 through 1958 but finalized nearly 30 years later."}], ["Orthodox berbahasa Yunani telah mengumpul kanon dan komentar kepada mereka dalam sebuah karya yang dikenali sebagai P\u0113d\u00e1lion (bahasa Yunani: \u03a0\u03b7\u03b4\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd, \"Rudder\"), yang dinamakan demikian kerana ia dimaksudkan untuk \"mengarahkan\" Gereja. Tradisi Kristian Ortodoks pada umumnya merawat kanoninya lebih sebagai garis panduan daripada undang-undang, para uskup menyesuaikannya dengan budaya dan keadaan tempatan yang lain. Sesetengah sarjana canon Ortodoks menunjukkan bahawa, mempunyai Majlis Ekumenikal (yang dibincangkan dalam bahasa Yunani) bermaksud untuk kanon untuk digunakan sebagai undang-undang, mereka akan menamakan mereka sebagai undang-undang / undang-undang daripada kan\u00f3nes / \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 (peraturan), tetapi hampir semua Ortodoks mematuhi mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, keputusan-keputusan dogma dari Majlis harus dipatuhi dan bukannya dianggap sebagai garis panduan, kerana ia adalah penting untuk perpaduan Gereja. <> Bahasa apa yang digunakan oleh ahli-ahli denominasi Ortodoks? || Greek <> Apakah unsur-unsur dalam P\u0113d\u00e1lion? || kanon dan ulasan ke atas mereka <> Apakah maksud P\u0113d\u00e1lion dalam bahasa Inggeris? || Rudder <> Pemimpin Ortodoks mana yang bebas menyesuaikan kanun seperti yang diperlukan? || uskup <> Kumpulan yang mana ahli ulama Ortodoks menunjukkan ketika mempertahankan cara mereka mentafsirkan kanun? || Konsili Ekumenikal <> Apa denominasi menggunakan bahasa Ibrani? || <> Apa tradisi merawat kanoninya lebih sebagai undang-undang? || <> Siapa yang percaya majlis-majlis ekumenikal yang dimaksudkan untuk meriam menjadi undang-undang? || <> Apakah keputusan majlis-majlis perlunya dianggap sebagai garis panduan? || <> Apa yang tidak dianggap penting untuk perpaduan gereja? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What language is used by members of the Orthodox denomination?", "id": "56e104b7e3433e1400422aca", "answers": [{"text": "Greek", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the constituents of the P\u0113d\u00e1lion?", "id": "56e104b7e3433e1400422acb", "answers": [{"text": "canons and commentaries upon them", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does P\u0113d\u00e1lion mean in English?", "id": "56e104b7e3433e1400422acc", "answers": [{"text": "Rudder", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Orthodox leaders are free to adapt canon as required?", "id": "56e104b7e3433e1400422acd", "answers": [{"text": "bishops", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which groups do Orthodox scholars point to when defending their way of interpreting canon?", "id": "56e104b7e3433e1400422ace", "answers": [{"text": "the Ecumenical Councils", "answer_start": 404}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Orthodox", "answer_start": 19}], "question": "What denomination uses Hebrew?", "id": "5a21d9038a6e4f001aa08f78", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Orthodox Christian", "answer_start": 194}], "question": "What tradition treats its canons more as laws?", "id": "5a21d9038a6e4f001aa08f79", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Orthodox canon scholars", "answer_start": 360}], "question": "Who believes the ecumenical councils intended the cannons to be laws?", "id": "5a21d9038a6e4f001aa08f7a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dogmatic", "answer_start": 627}], "question": "What decisions of the councils are to be treated as guidelines?", "id": "5a21d9038a6e4f001aa08f7b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dogmatic decisions", "answer_start": 627}], "question": "What are not considered essential for the church's unity?", "id": "5a21d9038a6e4f001aa08f7c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Greek-speaking Orthodox have collected canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the P\u0113d\u00e1lion (Greek: \u03a0\u03b7\u03b4\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd, \"Rudder\"), so named because it is meant to \"steer\" the Church. The Orthodox Christian tradition in general treats its canons more as guidelines than as laws, the bishops adjusting them to cultural and other local circumstances. Some Orthodox canon scholars point out that, had the Ecumenical Councils (which deliberated in Greek) meant for the canons to be used as laws, they would have called them n\u00f3moi/\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 (laws) rather than kan\u00f3nes/\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 (rules), but almost all Orthodox conform to them. The dogmatic decisions of the Councils, though, are to be obeyed rather than to be treated as guidelines, since they are essential for the Church's unity."}], ["Undang-undang kanun Rom telah dikritik oleh Presbyterians seawal 1572 dalam Perutusan kepada Parlimen. Penunjuk perasaan yang berpusat pada pertahanan standard yang undang-undang canon dapat dikekalkan selagi ia tidak bertentangan dengan undang-undang sivil. Menurut Polly Ha, Kerajaan Gereja Reformed menyangkal ini mendakwa para uskup telah menegakkan hukum kanon selama 1500 tahun. <> Apa kumpulan yang mengambil isu dengan kanon Rom? || The Presbyterians <> Pada tahun apa ada kritikan yang didokumenkan undang-undang gereja Rom oleh Presbyterians? || 1572 <> Kepada siapa yang mengadu Presbyterians pada tahun 1572? || Parlimen <> Berapa lamakah Gereja Reformasi menyatakan bahawa canon telah ditadbir oleh anggota gereja? || 1500 tahun <> Yang pegawai gereja mana yang bertanggungjawab terhadap pentadbiran undang-undang kanon? || uskup <> Kumpulan apa yang disokong meriam merayau? || <> Apa yang dikritik oleh Presbyterians pada abad kelima belas? || <> Yang mendakwa para uskup telah menegakkan hukum kanon selama 2000 tahun? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What group took issue with the Roman canons?", "id": "56e11801e3433e1400422bca", "answers": [{"text": "the Presbyterians", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was there documented criticism of Roman church law by Presbyterians?", "id": "56e11801e3433e1400422bcb", "answers": [{"text": "1572", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To whom did Presbyterians complain in 1572?", "id": "56e11801e3433e1400422bcc", "answers": [{"text": "Parliament", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For how long did the Reformed Church state that canon had been administered by members of the church?", "id": "56e11801e3433e1400422bcd", "answers": [{"text": "1500 years", "answer_start": 359}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which church officials were responsible for the administration of canon law?", "id": "56e11801e3433e1400422bce", "answers": [{"text": "bishops", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Presbyterians", "answer_start": 43}], "question": "What group supported roaming cannons?", "id": "5a21db808a6e4f001aa08fa2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Roman canon law", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What did the Presbyterians criticize in the fifteenth century?", "id": "5a21db808a6e4f001aa08fa3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Reformed Church Government", "answer_start": 260}], "question": "Who claimed the bishops have been enforcing canon law for 2000 years?", "id": "5a21db808a6e4f001aa08fa4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Roman canon law had been criticized by the Presbyterians as early as 1572 in the Admonition to Parliament. The protest centered on the standard defense that canon law could be retained so long as it did not contradict the civil law. According to Polly Ha, the Reformed Church Government refuted this claiming that the bishops had been enforcing canon law for 1500 years."}], ["Buku Concord adalah pernyataan doktrinal bersejarah Gereja Lutheran, yang terdiri dari sepuluh dokumen kepercayaan yang diakui sebagai berwibawa dalam Lutheranisme sejak abad ke-16. Walau bagaimanapun, Kitab Concord adalah dokumen pengakuan (menyatakan kepercayaan ortodoks) daripada buku peraturan atau disiplin gereja, seperti undang-undang kanon. Setiap gereja kebangsaan Lutheran menetapkan sistem perintah dan disiplin gereja sendiri, walaupun ini disebut sebagai \"kanon.\" <> Apakah koleksi dokumen-dokumen Lutheran yang asas? || Buku Concord <> Bermula pada abad apa yang Book of Concord merupakan bahagian tengah Gereja Lutheran? || 16th <> Apakah pernyataan macam apa itu Kitab Concord? || pengakuan <> Apa sistem perundangan pelbagai institusi Lutheran dipanggil? || canon <> Kepercayaan macam apa yang menjadi subjek dari Kitab Concord? || ortodoks <> Apa koleksi dokumen dokumentasi Gereja Katolik? || <> Buku apa yang telah diiktiraf sebagai berwibawa sejak tahun 1600-an? || <> Buku apa yang tidak mempunyai kepercayaan Ortodoks? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a fundamental collection of documents of the Lutherans?", "id": "56e1189acd28a01900c675a1", "answers": [{"text": "The Book of Concord", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beginning in what century was the Book of Concord a central part of the Lutheran Church?", "id": "56e1189acd28a01900c675a2", "answers": [{"text": "16th", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of statement is the Book of Concord?", "id": "56e1189acd28a01900c675a3", "answers": [{"text": "confessional", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the legislative systems of various Lutheran institutions called?", "id": "56e1189acd28a01900c675a4", "answers": [{"text": "canons", "answer_start": 460}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of belief is the subject of the Book of Concord?", "id": "56e1189acd28a01900c675a5", "answers": [{"text": "orthodox", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Book of Concord", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What is the fundamental collection of documents of the Catholic Church?", "id": "5a21dbd48a6e4f001aa08fa8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Book of Concord", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What book has been recognized as authoritative since the 1600s?", "id": "5a21dbd48a6e4f001aa08fa9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Book of Concord", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What book has not Orthodox beliefs?", "id": "5a21dbd48a6e4f001aa08faa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Book of Concord is the historic doctrinal statement of the Lutheran Church, consisting of ten credal documents recognized as authoritative in Lutheranism since the 16th century. However, the Book of Concord is a confessional document (stating orthodox belief) rather than a book of ecclesiastical rules or discipline, like canon law. Each Lutheran national church establishes its own system of church order and discipline, though these are referred to as \"canons.\""}]], [["Perkhidmatan Pos Somalia (Somalia Post) adalah perkhidmatan pos negara Kerajaan Persekutuan Somalia. Ia adalah sebahagian daripada Kementerian Penerangan, Pos dan Telekomunikasi. <> Apa nama perkhidmatan pos Somalia? || Somalia Post <> Apa nama perkhidmatan pos Negara Somalia? || Somalia Post <> Siapa perkhidmatan pos tempatan? || <> Siapa yang mengendalikan Kementerian Penerangan? || <> Apakah perkhidmatan pos Kerajaan Persekutuan Niger? || <> Berapa banyak bahagian Kementerian Penerangan, Pos, dan Telekomunikasi ada di sana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the Somali postal service?", "id": "56e1b959cd28a01900c67ad0", "answers": [{"text": "Somali Post", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the National postal service of Somalia?", "id": "56e1b959cd28a01900c67ad1", "answers": [{"text": "Somali Post", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Somali Post", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "Who is the local postal service?", "id": "5a54fd87134fea001a0e17ae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Somali Postal Service", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who runs the Ministry of Information?", "id": "5a54fd87134fea001a0e17af", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Somali Postal Service", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is the post service of the Federal Government of Niger?", "id": "5a54fd87134fea001a0e17b0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Somali Post", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "How many parts of the Ministry of Information, Posts, and Telecommunication are there?", "id": "5a54fd87134fea001a0e17b1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Somali Postal Service (Somali Post) is the national postal service of the Federal Government of Somalia. It is part of the Ministry of Information, Posts and Telecommunication."}], ["Pelaburan dalam industri telekom adalah salah satu tanda paling jelas bahawa ekonomi Somalia terus berkembang. Sektor ini menyediakan perkhidmatan komunikasi utama, dan dalam proses itu memudahkan penciptaan pekerjaan dan penjanaan pendapatan. <> Melabur dalam Industri apa yang menjadi tanda bahawa ekonomi Somalia terus bertambah baik? || industri telekomunikasi <> sektor apa yang menyediakan perkhidmatan komunikasi utama? || telecom <> Mengapa kerajaan tempatan melabur dalam telekom? || <> Berapa peratus daripada ekonomi Somalia adalah telekom? || <> Industri mana di Somalia tidak bertambah baik? || <> Apakah perkhidmatan komunikasi utama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Investing in what Industry is a sign that Somalia's economy is continuing to improve?", "id": "56e1b743cd28a01900c67ab6", "answers": [{"text": "telecom industry", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sector provides key communication services?", "id": "56e1b743cd28a01900c67ab7", "answers": [{"text": "telecom", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "facilitates job creation and income generation.", "answer_start": 191}], "question": "Why are local governments investing in telecom?", "id": "5a54fadd134fea001a0e179c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the clearest signs that Somalia's economy has continued to develop", "answer_start": 56}], "question": "What percentage of Somalia's economy is telecom?", "id": "5a54fadd134fea001a0e179d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Somalia's economy", "answer_start": 80}], "question": "Which industry in Somalia is not improving?", "id": "5a54fadd134fea001a0e179e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the telecom industry", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "What are key communication services?", "id": "5a54fadd134fea001a0e179f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Investment in the telecom industry is held to be one of the clearest signs that Somalia's economy has continued to develop. The sector provides key communication services, and in the process facilitates job creation and income generation."}], ["Pada 1 November 2013, perkhidmatan pos antarabangsa untuk Somalia secara rasmi disambung semula. Kesatuan Pos Universal kini membantu Perkhidmatan Pos Somalia untuk membangunkan kapasitinya, termasuk menyediakan bantuan teknikal dan peralatan pemprosesan mel dasar. <> Tahun apakah perkhidmatan pos di Somalia diteruskan? || 2013 <> Siapa yang membantu perkhidmatan Somalia Post mencapai kapasiti? || Universal Postal Union <> Apa jenis bantuan yang disediakan oleh kesatuan pos? || teknikal <> Apakah jenis peralatan yang disediakan oleh kesatuan pos? || peralatan pemprosesan mel dasar <> Bilakah perkhidmatan Pos Somalia mula dicipta? || <> Siapa Perkhidmatan Pos Somalia yang membantu? || <> Apakah jenis peralatan yang telah dimiliki Somalia? || <> Bilakah perkhidmatan pos negara Somalia dimulakan semula? || <> Di mana terletaknya Universal Postal Union? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did postal service in Somalia resume?", "id": "56e1bc7ae3433e140042310e", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is helping the Somali Postal service reach its capacity?", "id": "56e1bc7ae3433e140042310f", "answers": [{"text": "Universal Postal Union", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of assistance does the postal union provide?", "id": "56e1bc7ae3433e1400423110", "answers": [{"text": "technical", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of equipment does the postal union provide?", "id": "56e1bc7ae3433e1400423111", "answers": [{"text": "basic mail processing equipment", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "When was the Somalia Postal Service first created?", "id": "5a550073134fea001a0e17ca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Universal Postal Union", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "Who is the Somali Postal Service helping?", "id": "5a550073134fea001a0e17cb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "basic mail processing equipment.", "answer_start": 222}], "question": "What type of equipment did Somalia already have?", "id": "5a550073134fea001a0e17cc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "When did Somalia's national postal service restart?", "id": "5a550073134fea001a0e17cd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Somalia", "answer_start": 54}], "question": "Where is the Universal Postal Union located?", "id": "5a550073134fea001a0e17ce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On 1 November 2013, international postal services for Somalia officially resumed. The Universal Postal Union is now assisting the Somali Postal Service to develop its capacity, including providing technical assistance and basic mail processing equipment."}], ["Infrastruktur pos negara telah musnah sepenuhnya semasa perang saudara. Untuk mengisi kekosongan, Somali Post menandatangani perjanjian pada tahun 2003 dengan Emirates Post Emiriah Arab untuk memproses mel ke dan dari Somalia. Hub transit surat Emirates Post di Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Dubai kemudiannya digunakan untuk memajukan mel dari Somalia ke UAE dan pelbagai destinasi Barat, termasuk Itali, Belanda, United Kingdom, Sweden, Switzerland dan Kanada. <> Bilakah infrastruktur perkhidmatan pos dimusnahkan? || semasa perang saudara <> Lapangan terbang apa yang menjadi rumah kepada pusat pos pos Emirates? || Dubai International <> Apa Lapangan Terbang menghantar surat sebelum tahun 2003? || <> Mana negara Barat yang mana rakan kongsi Somalia dengan? || <> Negara mana yang pernah dilakukan oleh orang Somalia Post sebelum perang saudara? || <> Mengapa rakan kongsi Somalia Post dengan Negara Barat? || <> Di mana Hub Transit mel Somalia Post? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the infrastructure of the postal service destroyed?", "id": "56e1ba62cd28a01900c67aea", "answers": [{"text": "during the civil war", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What airport is home to the Emirates post mail hub?", "id": "56e1ba62cd28a01900c67aed", "answers": [{"text": "Dubai International", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Dubai International Airport", "answer_start": 273}], "question": "What Airport delivered the mail before 2003?", "id": "5a54fea0134fea001a0e17b6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Switzerland and Canada", "answer_start": 399}], "question": "Which Western country did Somalia partner with?", "id": "5a54fea0134fea001a0e17b7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United Arab Emirates", "answer_start": 160}], "question": "What country did the Somali Post parner with before the civil war?", "id": "5a54fea0134fea001a0e17b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The national postal infrastructure was completely destroyed during the civil war", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Why did Somalia Post partner with Western Countries?", "id": "5a54fea0134fea001a0e17b9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Dubai International Airport", "answer_start": 273}], "question": "Where is the Somalia Post mail transit Hub?", "id": "5a54fea0134fea001a0e17ba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The national postal infrastructure was completely destroyed during the civil war. In order to fill the vacuum, Somali Post signed an agreement in 2003 with the United Arab Emirates' Emirates Post to process mail to and from Somalia. Emirates Post's mail transit hub at the Dubai International Airport was then used to forward mail from Somalia to the UAE and various Western destinations, including Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Switzerland and Canada."}], ["Pada 22 Mac 2012, Kabinet Somali sebulat suara meluluskan Akta Komunikasi Kebangsaan, yang membuka jalan bagi penubuhan pengawal selia Komunikasi Kebangsaan dalam sektor penyiaran dan telekomunikasi. Rang undang-undang itu diluluskan berikutan perundingan antara wakil kerajaan dan pihak berkepentingan, komunikasi dan masyarakat awam. Menurut Kementerian Penerangan, Pos dan Telekomunikasi, Akta ini dijangka mewujudkan persekitaran yang kondusif untuk pelaburan dan kepastian yang diberikannya akan menggalakkan pembangunan infrastruktur yang lebih jauh, sehingga penyampaian perkhidmatan yang lebih efisien. <> Tahun apakah akta Komunikasi Nasional digubal? || 2012 <> Akta Apa yang membatalkan cara untuk Pengawal Komunikasi Nasional? || Akta Komunikasi Kebangsaan <> Apakah jenis pemangku kepentingan yang berunding mengenai rang undang-undang untuk membuat Akta Komunikasi Negara? || akademik dan masyarakat sivil <> Akta Komunikasi Kebangsaan dijangka mewujudkan dan menguntungkan bagi apa? || pelaburan <> Pembangunan infrastruktur yang berterusan menghasilkan lebih cekap apa? || penyampaian perkhidmatan <> Berapa ramai orang yang meluluskan Akta Komunikasi Negara? || <> Bilakah Pengawas Komunikasi Kebangsaan akan diletakkan? || <> Sektor apa yang tidak dipengaruhi oleh akta ini? || <> Pemangku kepentingan mana yang mana tidak dikonsultasikan? || <> Siapa Kabinet Somalia yang terdiri daripada? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was the national Communications act enacted?", "id": "56e1b8adcd28a01900c67ac6", "answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Act clears the way for a National Communications Regulator?", "id": "56e1b8adcd28a01900c67ac7", "answers": [{"text": "the National Communications Act", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What types of stakeholders consulted on the bill to enact the National Communications Act?", "id": "56e1b8adcd28a01900c67ac8", "answers": [{"text": "academic and civil society", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The National Communications Act is expected to create and invironment favorable for what?", "id": "56e1b8adcd28a01900c67ac9", "answers": [{"text": "investment", "answer_start": 494}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Continued infrastructure development results in more efficient what?", "id": "56e1b8adcd28a01900c67aca", "answers": [{"text": "service delivery", "answer_start": 615}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "unanimously", "answer_start": 38}], "question": "How many people approved the National Communications Act?", "id": "5a54fc09134fea001a0e17a4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "When will the National Communications Regulator be put into place?", "id": "5a54fc09134fea001a0e17a5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "broadcasting and telecommunications sectors", "answer_start": 180}], "question": "What sectors are unaffected by this act?", "id": "5a54fc09134fea001a0e17a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "academic and civil society", "answer_start": 324}], "question": "Which stakeholders were not consulted?", "id": "5a54fc09134fea001a0e17a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "government representatives and communications, academic and civil society stakeholders", "answer_start": 277}], "question": "Who is the Somali Cabinet made up of?", "id": "5a54fc09134fea001a0e17a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On March 22, 2012, the Somali Cabinet unanimously approved the National Communications Act, which paves the way for the establishment of a National Communications regulator in the broadcasting and telecommunications sectors. The bill was passed following consultations between government representatives and communications, academic and civil society stakeholders. According to the Ministry of Information, Posts and Telecommunication, the Act is expected to create an environment conducive to investment and the certainty it provides will encourage further infrastructural development, resulting in more efficient service delivery."}], ["Pada tahun 2008, Dahabshiil Group memperoleh saham majoriti di Somtel Network, firma telekomunikasi berasaskan Hargeisa yang mengkhusus dalam jalur lebar berkelajuan tinggi, internet mudah alih, perkhidmatan LTE, pemindahan wang bergerak dan perkhidmatan telefon mudah alih. Pengambilalihan itu menyediakan Dahabshiil dengan platform yang diperlukan untuk pengembangan selanjutnya ke dalam perbankan bergerak, industri pertumbuhan di sektor perbankan serantau. Pada 2014, tiga pengendali telekomunikasi terbesar di Somalia, Hormuud Telecom, NationLink dan Somtel, juga menandatangani perjanjian interkoneksi. Perjanjian koperasi akan melihat firma-firma menubuhkan Syarikat Telekomunikasi Somalia (STC), yang akan membolehkan pelanggan mudah alih mereka berkomunikasi di ketiga-tiga rangkaian tersebut. <> Tahun apa Dahabhiil memperoleh majoriti rangkaian Somtal? || 2008 <> Di mana rangkaian Somtal terletak? || Hargeisa <> Membeli Rangkaian Somtal membenarkan Dahabshiil mengembangkan apa jenis perbankan? || perbankan mudah alih <> STC bermaksud apa? || Syarikat Telekomunikasi Somalia <> STC membolehkan pelanggannya berkomunikasi merentas berapa rangkaian? || tiga <> Siapakah rakan kongsi Dahabshiil Group dalam Rangkaian Somtel? || <> Siapa yang mempunyai majoriti Rangkaian Somtel sebelum Dahabshiil? || <> Berapa banyak rangkaian pelanggan STC masih tidak mempunyai akses kepada? || <> Industri apa yang sedang berkembang dalam sektor perbankan negara? || <> Bilakah STC akan ditubuhkan sepenuhnya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did Dahabhiil acquire the majority of Somtal network?", "id": "56e1b646e3433e14004230cc", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Somtal network located?", "id": "56e1b646e3433e14004230cd", "answers": [{"text": "Hargeisa", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Buying Somtal Network allowed Dahabshiil to expand into what type of banking?", "id": "56e1b646e3433e14004230ce", "answers": [{"text": "mobile banking", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "STC stands for what?", "id": "56e1b646e3433e14004230cf", "answers": [{"text": "Somali Telecommunication Company", "answer_start": 590}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The STC allows its customers to communicate across how many networks?", "id": "56e1b646e3433e14004230d0", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hormuud Telecom, NationLink", "answer_start": 454}], "question": "Who is Dahabshiil Group's partner in the Somtel Network?", "id": "5a54f990134fea001a0e178a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hargeisa", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "Who owned the majority of Somtel Network before Dahabshiil?", "id": "5a54f990134fea001a0e178b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 694}], "question": "How many networks do STC customers still not have access to?", "id": "5a54f990134fea001a0e178c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mobile banking", "answer_start": 326}], "question": "What industry is growing in the national banking sector?", "id": "5a54f990134fea001a0e178d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 395}], "question": "When will the STC be fully established?", "id": "5a54f990134fea001a0e178e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion into mobile banking, a growth industry in the regional banking sector. In 2014, Somalia's three largest telecommunication operators, Hormuud Telecom, NationLink and Somtel, also signed an interconnection agreement. The cooperative deal will see the firms establish the Somali Telecommunication Company (STC), which will allow their mobile clients to communicate across the three networks."}], ["Pada masa yang sama, Kerajaan Persekutuan Peralihan Somalia memulakan persediaan untuk menghidupkan semula perkhidmatan pos negara. Pelan pembangunan semula kerajaan untuk Somalia Post disusun menjadi tiga Fasa yang tersebar dalam tempoh sepuluh tahun. Fasa I akan melihat pembinaan semula ibu pejabat pos dan Pejabat Pos Besar (GPO), serta penubuhan 16 pejabat cawangan di ibu negara dan 17 dalam pangkalan serantau. Sehingga Mac 2012, pihak berkuasa Somalia telah menetapkan semula keahlian Somalia dengan Universal Postal Union (UPU), dan mengambil bahagian sekali lagi dalam hal ehwal Kesatuan. Mereka juga telah memulihkan GPO di Mogadishu, dan melantik seorang Perunding Pos rasmi untuk memberikan nasihat profesional mengenai pengubahsuaian tersebut. Fasa II projek pemulihan melibatkan pembinaan 718 pos dari 2014 hingga 2016. Fasa III dijadualkan bermula pada 2017, dengan matlamat mewujudkan 897 saluran pos menjelang 2022. <> Berapa banyak fasa membentuk rancangan pembinaan semula untuk Somalia Post? || tiga <> Berapa tempoh masa pelan pembinaan semula untuk Somalia Post? || sepuluh tahun <> Berapa banyak pejabat cawangan akan dibina di ibu kota dalam fasa salah satu pelan pembangunan semula? || 16 <> Berapa banyak pejabat cawangan akan dijadikan pangkalan umum? || 17 <> Tahun berapa pihak berkuasa Somalia menyertai semula Universal Postal Union? || 2012 <> Bilakah Somalia mula-mula menyertai UPU? || <> Berapa tahun fasa pertama akan diambil? || <> Berapa banyak cabang yang akan dibina di Somalia pada Fasa II? || <> Berapa lama masa yang diperlukan untuk membina semula GPO? || <> Bilakah GPO di Mogadishu dibina semula? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many phases made up the reconstruction plan for the Somali Post?", "id": "56e1bbb8cd28a01900c67af2", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Over what period of time did the reconstruction plan for the Somali Post cover?", "id": "56e1bbb8cd28a01900c67af3", "answers": [{"text": "ten years", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many branch offices will be constructed in the capital in phase one of the reconstruction plan?", "id": "56e1bbb8cd28a01900c67af4", "answers": [{"text": "16", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many branch offices will be creted in general bases?", "id": "56e1bbb8cd28a01900c67af5", "answers": [{"text": "17", "answer_start": 410}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Somali authorities rejoin the Universal Postal Union?", "id": "56e1bbb8cd28a01900c67af6", "answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 444}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 444}], "question": "When did Somalia first join the UPU?", "id": "5a54ff94134fea001a0e17c0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ten years", "answer_start": 236}], "question": "How many years will the first phase take?", "id": "5a54ff94134fea001a0e17c1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "718 postal outlets", "answer_start": 817}], "question": "How many branches will Somalia construct in Phase II?", "id": "5a54ff94134fea001a0e17c2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "March 2012", "answer_start": 438}], "question": "How long will it take to rebuild the GPO?", "id": "5a54ff94134fea001a0e17c3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 841}], "question": "When was the GPO in Mogadishu rebuilt?", "id": "5a54ff94134fea001a0e17c4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Concurrently, the Somali Transitional Federal Government began preparations to revive the national postal service. The government's overall reconstruction plan for Somali Post is structured into three Phases spread out over a period of ten years. Phase I will see the reconstruction of the postal headquarters and General Post Office (GPO), as well as the establishment of 16 branch offices in the capital and 17 in regional bases. As of March 2012, the Somali authorities have re-established Somalia's membership with the Universal Postal Union (UPU), and taken part once again in the Union's affairs. They have also rehabilitated the GPO in Mogadishu, and appointed an official Postal Consultant to provide professional advice on the renovations. Phase II of the rehabilitation project involves the construction of 718 postal outlets from 2014 to 2016. Phase III is slated to begin in 2017, with the objective of creating 897 postal outlets by 2022."}], ["Selepas membentuk perkongsian dengan syarikat multinasional seperti Sprint, ITT dan Telenor, firma-firma ini kini menawarkan panggilan telefon paling murah dan jelas di Afrika. Syarikat-syarikat telekomunikasi Somalia ini juga menyediakan perkhidmatan kepada setiap bandar, bandar dan dusun di Somalia. Pada masa kini terdapat sekitar 25 garis utama bagi setiap 1,000 orang, dan ketersediaan saluran telefon tempatan (ketumpatan tele) lebih tinggi daripada negara tetangga; tiga kali lebih besar daripada di Ethiopia bersebelahan. Syarikat-syarikat telekomunikasi Somalia yang terkemuka termasuk Rangkaian Somtel, Golis Telecom Group, Hormuud Telecom, Somafone, Nationlink, Netco, Telcom dan Somalia Telecom Group. Hormuud Telecom sahaja melonjakkan kira-kira $ 40 juta setahun. Walaupun persaingan mereka, beberapa syarikat ini menandatangani perjanjian saling hubungan pada tahun 2005 yang membolehkan mereka menetapkan harga, mengekalkan dan memperluaskan rangkaian mereka, dan memastikan persaingan tidak dapat dikendalikan. <> Sprint, ITT, dan Telenor adalah contoh dari apa? || syarikat multinasional <> Siapa yang menyediakan perkhidmatan kepada setiap bandar, bandar, dan dusun di Somalia? || Syarikat telekomunikasi Somalia <> aproximately berapa banyak garis utama ada di setiap 1000 orang? || 25 <> apa perkataan lain untuk ketersediaan talian telefon? || tele-density <> Berapa Hormuud Telecom kasar setahun? || $ 40 juta <> Siapa yang menawarkan panggilan telefon paling mahal di Afrika? || <> Berapakah jumlah Somalia Telecom Group kasar setahun? || <> Syarikat manakah yang bersetuju dengan perjanjian yang akan membatasi persaingan? || <> Berapa lebih tinggi adalah teledensiti Somalia berbanding Niger? || <> Berapa peratus daripada telekomunikasi Somalia yang dibuat oleh Hormuud Telecom? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Sprint, ITT, and Telenor are examples of what?", "id": "56e1b4f3cd28a01900c67a98", "answers": [{"text": "multinational corporations", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who provides service to every City, town, and hamlet in Somalia?", "id": "56e1b4f3cd28a01900c67a99", "answers": [{"text": "Somali telecommunication companies", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "aproximately how many main lines are there per 1000 people?", "id": "56e1b4f3cd28a01900c67a9a", "answers": [{"text": "25", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what is another word for availability of telephone lines?", "id": "56e1b4f3cd28a01900c67a9b", "answers": [{"text": "tele-density", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much does Hormuud Telecom gross per year?", "id": "56e1b4f3cd28a01900c67a9c", "answers": [{"text": "$40 million", "answer_start": 683}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Somali telecommunication companies", "answer_start": 169}], "question": "Who offers the most expensive phone calls in Africa?", "id": "5a54e7bf134fea001a0e1768", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "$40 million", "answer_start": 683}], "question": "How much does the Somali Telecom Group gross per year?", "id": "5a54e7bf134fea001a0e1769", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Somtel Network, Golis Telecom Group, Hormuud Telecom, Somafone, Nationlink, Netco, Telcom and Somali Telecom Group", "answer_start": 531}], "question": "Which companies agreed to a deal that would limit competition?", "id": "5a54e7bf134fea001a0e176a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three times greater than in adjacent Ethiopia", "answer_start": 430}], "question": "How much higher is the Somalia teledensity compared to Niger?", "id": "5a54e7bf134fea001a0e176b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "$40 million", "answer_start": 683}], "question": "What percentage of the Somali telecommunications does Hormuud Telecom make up?", "id": "5a54e7bf134fea001a0e176c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "After forming partnerships with multinational corporations such as Sprint, ITT and Telenor, these firms now offer the cheapest and clearest phone calls in Africa. These Somali telecommunication companies also provide services to every city, town and hamlet in Somalia. There are presently around 25 mainlines per 1,000 persons, and the local availability of telephone lines (tele-density) is higher than in neighboring countries; three times greater than in adjacent Ethiopia. Prominent Somali telecommunications companies include Somtel Network, Golis Telecom Group, Hormuud Telecom, Somafone, Nationlink, Netco, Telcom and Somali Telecom Group. Hormuud Telecom alone grosses about $40 million a year. Despite their rivalry, several of these companies signed an interconnectivity deal in 2005 that allows them to set prices, maintain and expand their networks, and ensure that competition does not get out of control."}], ["Selepas permulaan perang saudara, pelbagai syarikat telekomunikasi baru mula berkembang di negara ini dan bersaing untuk menyediakan infrastruktur yang hilang. Somalia kini menawarkan beberapa perkhidmatan telekomunikasi dan internet yang paling maju dan kompetitif di dunia. Dibiayai oleh usahawan Somalia dan disokong oleh kepakaran dari China, Korea dan Eropah, firma telekomunikasi yang baru ini menawarkan perkhidmatan telefon bimbit dan internet yang berpatutan yang tidak terdapat di banyak bahagian lain benua. Pelanggan boleh melakukan pemindahan wang (seperti melalui Dahabshiil yang popular) dan aktiviti perbankan lain melalui telefon bimbit, serta dengan mudah mendapatkan akses Internet tanpa wayar. <> Siapa yang membiayai firma telekomunikasi baru di Somalia? || Usahawan Somalia <> China, Korea, dan Eropah meminjamkan apa yang harus dibuat kepada firma baru. || kepakaran <> Apa yang ditawarkan firma telekomunikasi baru di Somalia yang tidak tersedia di banyak bahagian lain benua? || telefon mudah alih yang berpatutan dan perkhidmatan internet <> Pemindahan wang dan internet tanpa wayar adalah dua perkara yang pelanggan boleh mencapai melalui apa? || telefon bimbit <> Apabila perang saudara bermula, banyak syarikat telekomunikasi yang dibuat untuk memberikan apa yang hilang? || infrastruktur <> Apa yang dibuat oleh usahawan Cina? || <Sebelum perang saudara, pekerjaan apa yang sedang dibuat? || <> Selain Somalia, negara mana yang mempunyai telekomunikasi terbaik? || <> Mengapa syarikat telekomunikasi Somalia begitu mahal? || <> Apa yang boleh dilakukan pelanggan dengan telefon mereka selain pemindahan wang dan aktiviti perbankan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who funded the new telecommunications firms in Somalia?", "id": "56e0f607231d4119001ac4e5", "answers": [{"text": "Somali entrepreneurs", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "China, Korea, and Europe lent what to the creation of the new firms.", "id": "56e0f607231d4119001ac4e6", "answers": [{"text": "expertise", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do the new telecommunications firms in Somalia offer that is not available in many other parts of the continent?", "id": "56e0f607231d4119001ac4e7", "answers": [{"text": "affordable mobile phone and internet services", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Money transfers and wireless internet are two things that customers can now accomplish via what?", "id": "56e0f607231d4119001ac4e8", "answers": [{"text": "mobile phones", "answer_start": 647}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When the civil war began, many telecomunications companies were created to provide missing what?", "id": "56e1b39fcd28a01900c67a84", "answers": [{"text": "infrastructure", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "telecommunications firms", "answer_start": 397}], "question": "What did Chinese entrepreneurs create?", "id": "5a54e6d8134fea001a0e175e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "new telecommunications companies", "answer_start": 42}], "question": "Before the civil war, what jobs were being created?", "id": "5a54e6d8134fea001a0e175f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "China, Korea and Europe", "answer_start": 358}], "question": "Besides Somalia, what country has the best telecommunications?", "id": "5a54e6d8134fea001a0e1760", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "internet services that are not available in many other parts of the continent", "answer_start": 456}], "question": "Why are the Somalian telecommunication companies so expensive?", "id": "5a54e6d8134fea001a0e1761", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Dahabshiil", "answer_start": 602}], "question": "What can customers do with their phones besides money transfers and banking activities?", "id": "5a54e6d8134fea001a0e1762", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "After the start of the civil war, various new telecommunications companies began to spring up in the country and competed to provide missing infrastructure. Somalia now offers some of the most technologically advanced and competitively priced telecommunications and internet services in the world. Funded by Somali entrepreneurs and backed by expertise from China, Korea and Europe, these nascent telecommunications firms offer affordable mobile phone and internet services that are not available in many other parts of the continent. Customers can conduct money transfers (such as through the popular Dahabshiil) and other banking activities via mobile phones, as well as easily gain wireless Internet access."}], ["Komunikasi di Somalia merangkumi perkhidmatan komunikasi dan keupayaan Somalia. Telekomunikasi, internet, radio, cetak, televisyen dan perkhidmatan pos di negara ini sebahagian besarnya tertumpu di sektor swasta. Beberapa firma telekom telah mula mengembangkan aktiviti mereka di luar negara. Kerajaan Persekutuan mengendalikan dua rangkaian radio dan televisyen rasmi, yang wujud bersama sejumlah stesen swasta dan asing. Media cetak di negara ini juga secara progresif memberi laluan kepada stesen radio berita dan portal dalam talian, kerana kesambungan internet dan peningkatan akses. Di samping itu, perkhidmatan pos negara dijadualkan dilancarkan semula secara rasmi pada tahun 2013 selepas ketiadaan yang lama. Pada tahun 2012, Akta Komunikasi Nasional juga diluluskan oleh ahli Kabinet, yang meletakkan asas bagi penubuhan pengatur komunikasi Kebangsaan dalam sektor penyiaran dan telekomunikasi. <> Berapa banyak rangkaian radio dan televisyen rasmi yang dilakukan kerajaan Somalia? || dua <> Adakah perkhidmatan komunikasi di Somalia terutamanya terletak di sektor awam atau swasta? || > Sebagai akses internet meningkat, media berita dan portal dalam talian menggantikan bentuk media apa? || Media cetakan <> Tahun apakah perkhidmatan pos negara Somalia dilancarkan semula? || 2013 <> Pada tahun 2012, akta apa yang telah diluluskan untuk menubuhkan pengawal selia Komunikasi Kebangsaan? || Akta Komunikasi Kebangsaan <> Adakah perkhidmatan komunikasi di Somalia kebanyakannya tertumpu di sektor awam atau swasta? || swasta <> Komunikasi di Somalia kebanyakannya tertumpu di sektor apa? || swasta <> Berapa banyak rangkaian rado dan TV rasmi yang dikendalikan oleh kerajaan Somalia? || dua <> jenis media apa yang berkurangan dan sambungan internet meningkat? || Media cetak <> Jenis media apa yang bertambah apabila sambungan internet dan peningkatan akses? || stesen radio dan portal dalam talian <> Tahun apakah perkhidmatan pos di Somalia ditetapkan untuk dilancarkan semula? || 2013 <> Berapa banyak rangkaian radio dan radio swasta dan asing yang dilakukan kerajaan Somalia? || <> Bilakah khidmat pos negara Somalia bermula? || <> Mengapa peningkatan aktiviti luar negara menyebabkan media cetak menurun? || <> Komunikasi apa yang menumpukan kepada sektor awam? || <> Bilakah Akta Komunikasi Negara dibongkar? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many official radio and television networks does the government of Somalia operate?", "id": "56e0f1cd231d4119001ac494", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Are communication services in Somalia mainly located in the public or private sector?", "id": "56e0f1cd231d4119001ac495", "answers": [{"text": "private", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As internet access increases, news media and online portals replace what form of media?", "id": "56e0f1cd231d4119001ac496", "answers": [{"text": "Print media", "answer_start": 443}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the national postal service of Somalia relaunched?", "id": "56e0f1cd231d4119001ac497", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 676}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2012, what act was approved to establish a National Communications regulator?", "id": "56e0f1cd231d4119001ac498", "answers": [{"text": "National Communications Act", "answer_start": 714}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Are communications services in Somalia mostly concentrated in the public or private sector?", "id": "56e10cc5cd28a01900c674cd", "answers": [{"text": "private", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Communications in Somalia are mostly concentrated in what sector?", "id": "56e1b286cd28a01900c67a7a", "answers": [{"text": "private", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many official rado iand TV networks does the governemt of Somalia run?", "id": "56e1b286cd28a01900c67a7b", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of media decreases and internet connectivity increases?", "id": "56e1b286cd28a01900c67a7c", "answers": [{"text": "Print media", "answer_start": 443}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What types of media increases as internet connectivity and access increases?", "id": "56e1b286cd28a01900c67a7d", "answers": [{"text": "radio stations and online portals", "answer_start": 511}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year is the postal service in Somalia set to relaunch?", "id": "56e1b286cd28a01900c67a7e", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 676}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 335}], "question": "How many private and foreign radio and television networks does the government of Somalia have?", "id": "5a54e4f7134fea001a0e1754", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 676}], "question": "When was the national postal service of Somalia first started?", "id": "5a54e4f7134fea001a0e1755", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "internet connectivity and access", "answer_start": 549}], "question": "Why is increasing overseas activities causing print media to decrease?", "id": "5a54e4f7134fea001a0e1756", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector.", "answer_start": 91}], "question": "What communication does the public sector concentrate in?", "id": "5a54e4f7134fea001a0e1757", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 706}], "question": "When was the National Communications Act dismantled?", "id": "5a54e4f7134fea001a0e1758", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal government operates two official radio and television networks, which exist alongside a number of private and foreign stations. Print media in the country is also progressively giving way to news radio stations and online portals, as internet connectivity and access increases. Additionally, the national postal service is slated to be officially relaunched in 2013 after a long absence. In 2012, a National Communications Act was also approved by Cabinet members, which lays the foundation for the establishment of a National Communications regulator in the broadcasting and telecommunications sectors."}], ["Menurut Pusat Undang-Undang dan Demokrasi (CLD) dan Pasukan Sokongan Maklumat Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu / Uni Afrika (IST), Somalia tidak mempunyai penghalang atau penapisan internet sistemik pada Disember 2012. Penerapan piawaian kandungan dalam talian juga tidak jelas. <> Apakah IST itu? || Pasukan Sokongan Maklumat <> Sehingga Disember 2012, Somalia tidak mempunyai sistematik apa? || penyekatan atau penapisan internet <> Apakah piawaian internet juga tidak jelas pada Disember 2012? || piawaian kandungan dalam talian <> Bilakah Somalia memulakan penapisan internet? || <> Siapa yang menulis piawaian kandungan Somalia? || <> Jenis penyekat internet apa yang digunakan oleh Somalia? || <> Bilakah IST memohon piawaian kandungan ke Somalia? || <> Bilakah Somalia berhenti menapis internet? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the IST?", "id": "56e1c422cd28a01900c67b51", "answers": [{"text": "Information Support Team", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of December 2012, Somalia did not have systematic what?", "id": "56e1c422cd28a01900c67b52", "answers": [{"text": "internet blocking or filtering", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What internet standards were also unlear as of December, 2012?", "id": "56e1c422cd28a01900c67b53", "answers": [{"text": "content standards online", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December 2012", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "When did Somalia begin internet filtering?", "id": "5a550f01134fea001a0e1888", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Centre for Law and Democracy (CLD) and the African Union/United Nations Information Support Team (IST)", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "Who wrote Somalia's content standards?", "id": "5a550f01134fea001a0e1889", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "systemic", "answer_start": 142}], "question": "What type of internet blocking did Somalia use?", "id": "5a550f01134fea001a0e188a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December 2012", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "When did the IST apply content standards to Somalia?", "id": "5a550f01134fea001a0e188b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 197}], "question": "When did Somalia stop filtering the internet?", "id": "5a550f01134fea001a0e188c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to the Centre for Law and Democracy (CLD) and the African Union/United Nations Information Support Team (IST), Somalia did not have systemic internet blocking or filtering as of December 2012. The application of content standards online was also unclear."}], ["Stesyen radio lain yang berpangkalan di Mogadishu merangkumi perbadanan Mustaqbal Media dan Shabelle Media Network, yang kemudiannya pada tahun 2010 menganugerahkan hadiah Media of the Year oleh organisasi kewartawanan yang berpangkalan di Paris, Reporters Without Borders (RSF). Secara keseluruhan, kira-kira satu gelombang pendek dan sepuluh stesen radio FM swasta disiarkan dari ibu negara, dengan beberapa stesen radio yang menyiarkan dari wilayah tengah dan selatan. <> Mustaqbal Media Corporation berdasarkan di mana? || Mogadishu <> Pada tahun berapa jaringan Shabelle Media menganugerahkan media hadiah tahun ini? || 2010 <> Berapa banyak stesen radio gelombang pendek disiarkan dari ibu negara? || satu <> yang memenangi anugerah 2009 untuk Media Tahun ini? || <> Berapa banyak stesen radio FM yang disiarkan di rantau pusat? || <> Apa hadiah yang menang RSF? || <> Bilakah stesen radio gelombang pendek dan FM mula menyiarkan? || <> Yang dua stesen gelombang pendek disiarkan dari ibu negara? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Mustaqbal Media Corporation is based where?", "id": "56e1bf20e3433e1400423120", "answers": [{"text": "Mogadishu", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Shabelle Media network awarded the media of the year prize?", "id": "56e1bf20e3433e1400423121", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many short wave radio stations broadcast from the capital?", "id": "56e1bf20e3433e1400423124", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Shabelle Media Network", "answer_start": 84}], "question": "Who won the 2009 award for Media of the Year?", "id": "5a5504a0134fea001a0e17e6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ten", "answer_start": 288}], "question": "How many FM radio stations broadcast in the central region?", "id": "5a5504a0134fea001a0e17e7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Media of the Year", "answer_start": 152}], "question": "What prize did RSF win?", "id": "5a5504a0134fea001a0e17e8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 135}], "question": "When did the short-wave and FM radio stations begin broadcasting?", "id": "5a5504a0134fea001a0e17e9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mustaqbal Media corporation and the Shabelle Media Network", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "Which two short-wave stations broadcast from the capital?", "id": "5a5504a0134fea001a0e17ea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Other radio stations based in Mogadishu include Mustaqbal Media corporation and the Shabelle Media Network, the latter of which was in 2010 awarded the Media of the Year prize by the Paris-based journalism organisation, Reporters Without Borders (RSF). In total, about one short-wave and ten private FM radio stations broadcast from the capital, with several radio stations broadcasting from the central and southern regions."}], ["Menurut Forum Ekonomi Somalia, jumlah pengguna internet di Somalia meningkat daripada hanya 200 pada tahun 2000 kepada 106,000 pengguna pada tahun 2011, dengan peratusan terus meningkat. Bilangan pelanggan mudah alih juga dijangka meningkat daripada 512,682 pada tahun 2008 kepada sekitar 6.1 juta menjelang 2015. <> Apakah pengguna internet pengguna internet Somalia pada tahun 2000? || 200 <> Berapakah bilangan pengguna internet pada tahun 2011? || 106,000 <> Berapa banyak pengguna internet di Somalia terus meningkat atau jatuh? || kenaikan <> Berapakah jumlah pelanggan mudah alih di Somalia pada tahun 2008? || 512,682 <> Berapa anggaran bilangan pelanggan mudah alih di Somalia pada tahun 2015? || 6.1 juta <> Dalam tahun apakah Somalia pertama kali mencapai 50,000 pengguna internet? || <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab untuk kebangkitan pengguna internet? || <> Bilakah Somalia mula-mula mendapatkan internet? || <> Mengapa bilangan pelanggan mudah alih meningkat lebih cepat daripada jumlah pengguna yang dihubungkan dengan internet? || <> Berapa banyak pengguna mudah alih yang ada di 2011? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the numbe rof Somali internet users in the year 2000?", "id": "56e1c5f1cd28a01900c67b60", "answers": [{"text": "200", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the number of internet users in the year 2011?", "id": "56e1c5f1cd28a01900c67b61", "answers": [{"text": "106,000", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Goes the number of internet users in Somalia continue to rise or fall?", "id": "56e1c5f1cd28a01900c67b62", "answers": [{"text": "rise", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the number of mobile subscribers in Somalia in 2008?", "id": "56e1c5f1cd28a01900c67b63", "answers": [{"text": "512,682", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the estimated number of mobile subscribers in Somalia in 2015?", "id": "56e1c5f1cd28a01900c67b64", "answers": [{"text": "6.1 million", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 261}], "question": "In what year did Somalia first reach 50,000 internet users?", "id": "5a5510d2134fea001a0e18b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Somali Economic Forum", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "Who is responsible for the rise in internet users?", "id": "5a5510d2134fea001a0e18b9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2000", "answer_start": 111}], "question": "When did Somalia first get the internet?", "id": "5a5510d2134fea001a0e18ba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the percentage continuing to rise.", "answer_start": 147}], "question": "Why is the number of mobile subscribers rising faster than the number of internet connected users?", "id": "5a5510d2134fea001a0e18bb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "106,000", "answer_start": 119}], "question": "How many mobile users were there in 2011?", "id": "5a5510d2134fea001a0e18bc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to the Somali Economic Forum, the number of internet users in Somalia rose from only 200 in the year 2000 to 106,000 users in 2011, with the percentage continuing to rise. The number of mobile subscribers is similarly expected to rise from 512,682 in 2008 to around 6.1 million by 2015."}], ["Persatuan Telekomunikasi Somalia (STA), organisasi pengawas yang mengawasi perkembangan kebijakan dan kerangka pengawasan sektor ICT Somalia, melaporkan pada tahun 2006 bahwa terdapat lebih dari setengah juta pengguna layanan internet di wilayah tersebut. Terdapat 22 ISP dan 234 kafe siber yang ditubuhkan, dengan kadar pertumbuhan tahunan sebanyak 15.6%. <> Apakah STA itu? || Persatuan Telekomunikasi Somalia <> Sektor mana yang mengawasi STC? || Sektor ICT <> Pada tahun 2006, yang melaporkan bahawa terdapat lebih dari setengah juta pengguna internet di dalam wilayah tersebut? || STA <> Berapa banyak ISP yang ditubuhkan berada dalam wilayah pada tahun 2006? || 22 <> Berapa banyak kafe siber yang menyerang wilayah itu pada tahun 2006? || 234 <> Berapa banyak ISP yang tidak ditubuhkan di Somalia pada tahun 2006? || <> Berapa banyak restoran mempunyai sambungan internet? || <> Bilakah STA ditubuhkan? || <> Apakah ICT? || <> Berapa peratus penduduknya mempunyai perkhidmatan internet? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the STA?", "id": "56e1c6d5cd28a01900c67b6a", "answers": [{"text": "Somali Telecommunication Association", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sector does the STC oversee?", "id": "56e1c6d5cd28a01900c67b6b", "answers": [{"text": "ICT sector", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2006, who reported that there were over half a million internet users within the territory?", "id": "56e1c6d5cd28a01900c67b6c", "answers": [{"text": "STA", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many established ISP were within the territory in 2006?", "id": "56e1c6d5cd28a01900c67b6d", "answers": [{"text": "22", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many cyber cafes were withing the territory in 2006?", "id": "56e1c6d5cd28a01900c67b6e", "answers": [{"text": "234", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "22", "answer_start": 277}], "question": "How many non-established ISPs were in Somalia in 2006?", "id": "5a5515e0134fea001a0e18f4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "234", "answer_start": 301}], "question": "How many restaurants had internet connectivity?", "id": "5a5515e0134fea001a0e18f5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 171}], "question": "When was STA founded?", "id": "5a5515e0134fea001a0e18f6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Somali Telecommunication Association", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What is the ICT?", "id": "5a5515e0134fea001a0e18f7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "15.6%", "answer_start": 348}], "question": "What percentage of the population had internet services?", "id": "5a5515e0134fea001a0e18f8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Somali Telecommunication Association (STA), a watchdog organization that oversees the policy development and regulatory framework of Somalia's ICT sector, reported in 2006 that there were over half a million users of internet services within the territory. There were also 22 established ISPs and 234 cyber cafes, with an annual growth rate of 15.6%."}], ["Rantau Puntland timur laut mempunyai sekitar enam stesen radio swasta, termasuk Radio Garowe, Radio Daljir, Radio Codka-Nabbada dan Radio Codka-Mudug. Radio Gaalkacyo, yang dahulunya dikenali sebagai Radio Free Somalia, beroperasi dari Galkayo di provinsi Mudug utara-tengah. Di samping itu, rantau Somaliland di barat laut mempunyai satu stesen radio yang dikendalikan kerajaan. <> Berapa banyak stesen radio swasta yang ada di rantau Puntland? || enam <> Apa nama bekas Radio Gaalkacyo? || Radio Percuma Somalia <> Di mana RAdio Gaalkacyo beroperasi? || Galkayo <> Wilayah apa yang terletak di Galkayo? || Wilayah Mudug <> Berapa banyak stesen radio yang dikendalikan kerajaan di rantau Somaliland? || satu <> Berapa banyak stesen radio yang ada di rantau tenggara? || <> Apakah nama stesen radio yang dikendalikan oleh kerajaan? || <> Berapa banyak stesen radio awam yang ada di timur laut Puntland? || <> Bilakah Radio Gaalkacyo menerima namanya yang baru? || <> Berapa banyak stesen radio kerajaan yang ada di Puntland? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "About how many private radio stations does the region of Puntland have?", "id": "56e1c042cd28a01900c67b22", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the former name of Radio Gaalkacyo?", "id": "56e1c042cd28a01900c67b23", "answers": [{"text": "Radio Free Somalia", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does RAdio Gaalkacyo operate from?", "id": "56e1c042cd28a01900c67b24", "answers": [{"text": "Galkayo", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What province is Galkayo located in?", "id": "56e1c042cd28a01900c67b25", "answers": [{"text": "Mudug province", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many government operated radio stations exist in the Somaliland region?", "id": "56e1c042cd28a01900c67b26", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "How many radio stations does the southeastern region have?", "id": "5a5505bb134fea001a0e1802", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Radio Gaalkacyo,", "answer_start": 153}], "question": "What is the name of the government-operated radio station?", "id": "5a5505bb134fea001a0e1803", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "six private radio stations", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "How many public radio stations does northeast Puntland have?", "id": "5a5505bb134fea001a0e1804", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "formerly known as Radio Free Somalia", "answer_start": 170}], "question": "When did Radio Gaalkacyo receive its new name?", "id": "5a5505bb134fea001a0e1805", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "one government-operated radio station", "answer_start": 324}], "question": "How many government radio stations does Puntland have?", "id": "5a5505bb134fea001a0e1806", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The northeastern Puntland region has around six private radio stations, including Radio Garowe, Radio Daljir, Radio Codka-Nabbada and Radio Codka-Mudug. Radio Gaalkacyo, formerly known as Radio Free Somalia, operates from Galkayo in the north-central Mudug province. Additionally, the Somaliland region in the northwest has one government-operated radio station."}], ["Di samping itu, Somalia mempunyai beberapa rangkaian televisyen swasta, termasuk Horn Cable Television dan Universal TV. Dua stesen TV tersebut menyiarkan semula Al-Jazeera dan CNN. Rangkaian Televisyen Timur dan SBC TV dari Bosaso, ibu kota komersial Puntland. Kawasan Puntland dan Somaliland masing-masing mempunyai satu saluran TV yang dikendalikan kerajaan, Puntland TV dan Radio dan Somaliland National TV, masing-masing. <> Horn Cable Television dan Universal TV adalah contoh dari apa? || rangkaian televisyen swasta <> Apa jenis pemula Tv memainkan semula AL = jazeera dan CNN? || rangkaian televisyen swasta <> Di manakah penyiaran SBC TV? || Bosaso <> Apakah modal komersial Puntland? || Bosaso <> Howmany saluran kawalan kerajaan melakukan kawasan Puntland dan Somaliland? || satu <> Berapa banyak rangkaian televisyen swasta yang ada di Somalia? || <> Apakah dua rangkaian televisyen awam? || <> Apa modal komersial Somalilnand? || <> Berapa banyak saluran TV yang dikendalikan kerajaan di Somalia? || <> Apakah stesen TV yang menyiarkan ABC? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Horn Cable Television and Universal TV are examples of what?", "id": "56e1c227cd28a01900c67b32", "answers": [{"text": "private television networks", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of Tv startions replay AL=jazeera and CNN?", "id": "56e1c227cd28a01900c67b33", "answers": [{"text": "private television networks", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does SBC TV broadcast from?", "id": "56e1c227cd28a01900c67b34", "answers": [{"text": "Bosaso", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the commercial capital of Puntland?", "id": "56e1c227cd28a01900c67b35", "answers": [{"text": "Bosaso", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Howmany governemnt run channels do Puntland and Somaliland regions have?", "id": "56e1c227cd28a01900c67b36", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Two", "answer_start": 113}], "question": "How many private television networks does Somalia have?", "id": "5a550d72134fea001a0e186a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Horn Cable Television and Universal TV", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "What are two public television networks?", "id": "5a550d72134fea001a0e186b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bosaso", "answer_start": 214}], "question": "What is the commercial capital of Somalilnand?", "id": "5a550d72134fea001a0e186c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 309}], "question": "How many government-run TV channels are there in Somalia?", "id": "5a550d72134fea001a0e186d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "private television networks", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "What TV station broadcasts ABC?", "id": "5a550d72134fea001a0e186e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Additionally, Somalia has several private television networks, including Horn Cable Television and Universal TV. Two such TV stations re-broadcast Al-Jazeera and CNN. Eastern Television Network and SBC TV air from Bosaso, the commercial capital of Puntland. The Puntland and Somaliland regions also each have one government-run TV channel, Puntland TV and Radio and Somaliland National TV, respectively."}], ["Terdapat beberapa agensi berita radio yang berpusat di Somalia. Ditubuhkan pada masa penjajahan, Radio Mogadishu pada mulanya menyiarkan berita di Somalia dan Itali. Stesen ini dimodernisasi dengan bantuan Rusia berikutan kemerdekaan pada tahun 1960, dan mula menawarkan perkhidmatan rumah di Somalia, Amharic dan Oromo. Setelah menutup operasi pada awal tahun 1990an akibat perang saudara, stesen itu secara rasminya dibuka semula pada awal tahun 2000 oleh Kerajaan Peralihan Negara. Pada akhir 2000-an, Radio Mogadishu juga melancarkan laman web pelengkap dengan nama yang sama, dengan berita di Somalia, bahasa Arab dan bahasa Inggeris. <> Bilakah Radio Mogadishu ditubuhkan? || semasa tempoh penjajahan <> Bahasa apa di Radio Mogadishu pada asalnya disiarkan? || Somalia dan Itali <> Apa bantuan negara membantu Radio Mogadishu memodenkan? || Bantuan Rusia <> Jenis perkhidmatan apa yang ditawarkan di Somalia, Amharic, dan Oromo? || perkhidmatan rumah <> Kapan tempoh kolonial? || <> Siapa yang mula-mula membuka Radio Mogadishu? || <> Bilakah kerajaan Negara Transisi berkuasa? || <> Berapakah jumlah berita internet yang terletak di Somalia? || <> Bilakah Radio Mogadishu mula menyiarkan dalam bahasa Itali sekali lagi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was Radio Mogadishu established?", "id": "56e1be09cd28a01900c67b04", "answers": [{"text": "during the colonial period", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What languages di Radio Mogadishu originally broadcast in?", "id": "56e1be09cd28a01900c67b05", "answers": [{"text": "Somali and Italian", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What countrys assistance helped Radio Mogadishu modernize?", "id": "56e1be09cd28a01900c67b06", "answers": [{"text": "Russian assistance", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of services were offered in Somali, Amharic, and Oromo?", "id": "56e1be09cd28a01900c67b07", "answers": [{"text": "home service", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1960", "answer_start": 252}], "question": "When was the colonial period?", "id": "5a550413134fea001a0e17dc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian assistance", "answer_start": 207}], "question": "Who originally opened Radio Mogadishu?", "id": "5a550413134fea001a0e17dd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "early 1990s", "answer_start": 357}], "question": "When was the Transitional National Government in power?", "id": "5a550413134fea001a0e17de", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "There are a number of radio news agencies", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is the total number of internet news located in Somalia?", "id": "5a550413134fea001a0e17df", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1960", "answer_start": 252}], "question": "When did Radio Mogadishu begin broadcasting in Italian again?", "id": "5a550413134fea001a0e17e0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There are a number of radio news agencies based in Somalia. Established during the colonial period, Radio Mogadishu initially broadcast news items in both Somali and Italian. The station was modernized with Russian assistance following independence in 1960, and began offering home service in Somali, Amharic and Oromo. After closing down operations in the early 1990s due to the civil war, the station was officially re-opened in the early 2000s by the Transitional National Government. In the late 2000s, Radio Mogadishu also launched a complementary website of the same name, with news items in Somali, Arabic and English."}], ["Somalia menubuhkan ISP pertama pada tahun 1999, salah satu negara terakhir di Afrika untuk mendapatkan sambungan ke Internet. Menurut sumber Imbangan sumber telekomunikasi, pertumbuhan dalam sambungan internet sejak itu telah berkembang dengan pesat, dengan sekitar 53% daripada keseluruhan negara yang dilindungi pada tahun 2009. Kedua-dua perniagaan internet dan teleponi telah menjadi antara perniagaan tempatan yang paling cepat berkembang. <> Berapa tahun ISP pertama ditubuhkan di Somalia? || 1999 <> Somalia adalah salah satu negara yang terakhir di benua apa yang dapat disambungkan ke internet? || Afrika <> Pada tahun 2009, berapa peratus penduduk Somalia mempunyai liputan internet? || 53% <> Perniagaan tempatan yang paling cepat berkembang di Somalia adalah jenis perniagaan apa? || perdagangan internet dan telephony <> Siapakah negara Afrika yang pertama untuk mendapatkan internet? || <> Tahun apa Somalia mencapai liputan internet sebanyak 70%? || <> Tindakan mana yang membawa ISP pertama ke Afrika? || <> Berapa peratus daripada modal Somalia mempunyai sambungan internet? || <> Apa perniagaan kebangsaan terbesar di Somalia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What years was the first ISP established in Somalia?", "id": "56e1c51ccd28a01900c67b58", "answers": [{"text": "1999", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Somalia was one of the last countries on what continent to get connected tothe internet?", "id": "56e1c51ccd28a01900c67b59", "answers": [{"text": "Africa", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2009, what percent of Somalia has internet coverage?", "id": "56e1c51ccd28a01900c67b5a", "answers": [{"text": "53%", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The quickest growing local businesses in Somalia are what types of businesses?", "id": "56e1c51ccd28a01900c67b5b", "answers": [{"text": "internet commerce and telephony", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Somalia", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who was the first African country to get internet?", "id": "5a550f98134fea001a0e1892", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 291}], "question": "What year did Somalia reach 70% internet coverage?", "id": "5a550f98134fea001a0e1893", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Balancing Act", "answer_start": 158}], "question": "Which act brought the first ISP to Africa?", "id": "5a550f98134fea001a0e1894", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "53%", "answer_start": 252}], "question": "What percentage of Somalia's capital has internet connection?", "id": "5a550f98134fea001a0e1895", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "internet commerce and telephony", "answer_start": 302}], "question": "What is Somalia's largest national business?", "id": "5a550f98134fea001a0e1896", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Somalia established its first ISP in 1999, one of the last countries in Africa to get connected to the Internet. According to the telecommunications resource Balancing Act, growth in internet connectivity has since then grown considerably, with around 53% of the entire nation covered as of 2009. Both internet commerce and telephony have consequently become among the quickest growing local businesses."}], ["Televisyen Kebangsaan Somalia yang berpangkalan di Mogadishu adalah penyiar perkhidmatan awam kebangsaan utama. Pada 18 Mac 2011, Kementerian Penerangan Kerajaan Persekutuan Transisi memulakan siaran eksperimen saluran TV baru. Setelah rutin selama 20 tahun, stesen itu tidak lama lagi dilancarkan semula secara rasmi pada 4 April 2011. SNTV menyiarkan 24 jam sehari, dan boleh dilihat di dalam Somalia dan di luar negara menerusi platform terestrial dan satelit. <> Stesen TV apa yang menjadi penyiar perkhidmatan awam utama di Somalia? || Televisyen Nasional Somalia <> Di mana terdapat Televisyen Negara Somalia? || Mogadishu <> Berapa tahunkah siaran eksperimen televisyen Negara Somalia bermula? || 2011 <> Bilakah Somalia Nation Television dilancarkan secara rasmi? || April 4, 2011 <> Howmany jam sehari penyiaran SNTV? || 24 <> Apakah penyiar antarabangsa utama Somalia? || <> Bilakah stesen televisyen Negara Somalia mula dilancarkan? || <> Berapa banyak penyiar perkhidmatan awam negara yang ada di Somalia? || <> Berapa hari seminggu dalam siaran SNTV? || <> Berapa lamakah penyiaran SNTV? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What TV station is the main public service broadcaster in Somalia?", "id": "56e1c12fe3433e140042312a", "answers": [{"text": "Somali National Television", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Somali National Television located?", "id": "56e1c12fe3433e140042312b", "answers": [{"text": "Mogadishu", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did experimental broadcasts of Somali National Television begin?", "id": "56e1c12fe3433e140042312c", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Somali Nation Television officially re-launched?", "id": "56e1c12fe3433e140042312d", "answers": [{"text": "April 4, 2011", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Howmany hours a day does SNTV broadcast?", "id": "56e1c12fe3433e140042312e", "answers": [{"text": "24", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Somali National Television", "answer_start": 20}], "question": "What is Somalia's main international broadcaster?", "id": "5a550cc6134fea001a0e1860", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "After a 20-year hiatus", "answer_start": 240}], "question": "When was the Somali National Television station first launched?", "id": "5a550cc6134fea001a0e1861", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Somali National Television", "answer_start": 20}], "question": "How many national public service broadcasters does Somalia have?", "id": "5a550cc6134fea001a0e1862", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "24 hours a day", "answer_start": 356}], "question": "How many days a week does SNTV broadcast?", "id": "5a550cc6134fea001a0e1863", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "20-year", "answer_start": 248}], "question": "How long has SNTV been broadcasting?", "id": "5a550cc6134fea001a0e1864", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Mogadishu-based Somali National Television is the principal national public service broadcaster. On March 18, 2011, the Ministry of Information of the Transitional Federal Government began experimental broadcasts of the new TV channel. After a 20-year hiatus, the station was shortly thereafter officially re-launched on April 4, 2011. SNTV broadcasts 24 hours a day, and can be viewed both within Somalia and abroad via terrestrial and satellite platforms."}], ["Pada awal 2000-an, media cetak di Somalia mencapai puncak aktiviti. Sekitar 50 akhbar telah diterbitkan di Mogadishu sahaja dalam tempoh ini, termasuk Qaran, Mogadishu Times, Sana'a, Shabelle Press, Ayaamaha, Mandeeq, Sky Sport, Matlamat, Negara, Dalka, Panorama, Aayaha Nolosha, Codka Xuriyada dan Xidigta Maanta. Pada tahun 2003, ketika kedai media elektronik baru mula berkembang, pengiklan semakin mula beralih dari iklan cetak ke iklan radio dan dalam talian untuk menjangkau lebih banyak pelanggan. Sebilangan broadsheets yang beredar kemudiannya menutup operasi, kerana mereka tidak dapat lagi menutup kos percetakan dalam menghadapi revolusi elektronik. Pada tahun 2012, Xog Do politik dan Xog Ogaal dan Horyaal Sports dilaporkan akhbar-akhbar terakhir yang dicetak di ibu negara. Menurut Issa Farah, bekas editor dengan broadsheet Dalka, penerbitan akhbar di Somalia mungkin mengalami kebangkitan semula jika National Printing Press Somalia dibuka semula dan sektor itu diberikan sokongan publik yang mencukupi. <> Dimana The Mogadishu Times diterbitkan? || Mogadishu <> Tahun berapa kedai media bebas mula berkembang? || 2003 <> Pengiklan beralih dari iklan cetak ke apa yang dapat menjangkau lebih banyak pelanggan? || radio dan iklan dalam talian <> Whos adalah bekas editor dengan The Delka Broadsheet? || Issa Farah <> Bilakah Reaksi Pencetakan Somalia Kebangsaan dibuka semula? || <> Berapa banyak akhbar yang diterbitkan di Somalia? || <> Mengapa pengiklan lebih suka iklan cetak? || <> Bilakah Xog Doon ditutup? || <> Bilakah Issa Farah berhenti bekerja untuk Dalka? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was The Mogadishu Times published?", "id": "56e1c348cd28a01900c67b3d", "answers": [{"text": "Mogadishu", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did free media outlets begin to expand?", "id": "56e1c348cd28a01900c67b3e", "answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 323}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Advertisers switched from print ads to what to reach more customers?", "id": "56e1c348cd28a01900c67b3f", "answers": [{"text": "radio and online commercials", "answer_start": 454}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whos is a former editor with The Delka Broadsheet?", "id": "56e1c348cd28a01900c67b40", "answers": [{"text": "Issa Farah", "answer_start": 839}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 323}], "question": "When is the National Somali Printing Press being reopened?", "id": "5a550e5e134fea001a0e1874", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Around 50", "answer_start": 71}], "question": "How many newspapers were published in Somalia?", "id": "5a550e5e134fea001a0e1875", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "adequate public support", "answer_start": 1038}], "question": "Why did advertisers prefer print ads?", "id": "5a550e5e134fea001a0e1876", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 694}], "question": "When did Xog Doon shut down?", "id": "5a550e5e134fea001a0e1877", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 694}], "question": "When did Issa Farah stop working for Dalka?", "id": "5a550e5e134fea001a0e1878", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the early 2000s, print media in Somalia reached a peak in activity. Around 50 newspapers were published in Mogadishu alone during this period, including Qaran, Mogadishu Times, Sana'a, Shabelle Press, Ayaamaha, Mandeeq, Sky Sport, Goal, The Nation, Dalka, Panorama, Aayaha Nolosha, Codka Xuriyada and Xidigta Maanta. In 2003, as new free electronic media outlets started to proliferate, advertisers increasingly began switching over from print ads to radio and online commercials in order to reach more customers. A number of the broadsheets in circulation subsequently closed down operations, as they were no longer able to cover printing costs in the face of the electronic revolution. In 2012, the political Xog Doon and Xog Ogaal and Horyaal Sports were reportedly the last remaining newspapers printed in the capital. According to Issa Farah, a former editor with the Dalka broadsheet, newspaper publishing in Somalia is likely to experience a resurgence if the National Somali Printing Press is re-opened and the sector is given adequate public support."}], ["Pada bulan Disember 2012, Hormuud Telecom melancarkan perkhidmatan Tri-Band 3G untuk pelanggan internet dan mudah alih. Yang pertama seumpamanya di negara ini, teknologi telekomunikasi mudah alih generasi ketiga ini menawarkan pengguna sambungan yang lebih cepat dan lebih selamat. <> Hormuud Telecom melancarkan perkhidmatan pada tahun 2012? || 3G Tri-Band <> Siapa perkhidmatan 3G? || internet dan pelanggan mudah alih <> jenis sambungan apa yang pertama seumpamanya di Somalia? || Tri-Band 3G <> Apakah jenis sambungan yang ditawarkan oleh Tri-Band 3G kepada pelanggannya? || lebih pantas dan lebih selamat <> apa 3G berdiri? || generasi ketiga <> Kapan telekomunikasi mudah alih generasi pertama dibebaskan? || <> Apa perkhidmatan mudah alih pertama Somalia? || <> Apa yang dikatakan Tri-Band? || <> Bilakah Hormuud Telecom ditubuhkan? || <> Siapa yang memiliki Hormuud Telecom? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Hormuud Telecom launched what service in 2012?", "id": "56e1cc2fcd28a01900c67bb6", "answers": [{"text": "Tri-Band 3G", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the 3G service for?", "id": "56e1cc2fcd28a01900c67bb7", "answers": [{"text": "internet and mobile clients", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what type of connection was the first of its kind in Somalia?", "id": "56e1cc2fcd28a01900c67bb8", "answers": [{"text": "Tri-Band 3G", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of connection does Tri-Band 3G offer its customers?", "id": "56e1cc2fcd28a01900c67bb9", "answers": [{"text": "faster and more secure", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what does 3G stand for?", "id": "56e1cc2fcd28a01900c67bba", "answers": [{"text": "third generation", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "When was the first generation mobile telecommunications released?", "id": "5a551d22134fea001a0e193a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tri-Band 3G", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "What was Somalia's first mobile service?", "id": "5a551d22134fea001a0e193b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "third generation", "answer_start": 143}], "question": "What does Tri-Band stand for?", "id": "5a551d22134fea001a0e193c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "When was Hormuud Telecom founded?", "id": "5a551d22134fea001a0e193d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "internet and mobile clients", "answer_start": 71}], "question": "Who owns Hormuud Telecom?", "id": "5a551d22134fea001a0e193e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In December 2012, Hormuud Telecom launched its Tri-Band 3G service for internet and mobile clients. The first of its kind in the country, this third generation mobile telecommunications technology offers users a faster and more secure connection."}], ["Perkhidmatan wayarles jalur lebar ditawarkan oleh kedua-dua dail dan tidak mendail ISP di bandar-bandar utama, seperti Mogadishu, Bosaso, Hargeisa, Galkayo dan Kismayo. Harga antara $ 150 hingga $ 300 sebulan untuk akses internet tanpa had, dengan kadar jalur lebar 64 kbit / s naik dan turun. Para pelanggan utama perkhidmatan tanpa wayar ini adalah institusi, korporat, dan PBB, NGO dan misi diplomatik. Mogadishu mempunyai pangkalan pelanggan terbesar di seluruh negara dan juga ibu pejabat perkhidmatan internet wayarles terbesar, antaranya ialah Dalkom (Wanaag HK), Orbit, Unitel dan Webtel. <> Mogadishu dan Bosaso apa yang ada di Somalia? || bandar utama <> Apa bandar di Soalia mempunyai nuber pelanggan yang terbesar? || Mogadishu <> Dimana ibu pejabat perkhidmatan internet wayarles terbesar? || Mogadishu <> Apa nama lain untuk Dalcom? || Wanaag HK <> Perkhidmatan tanpa wayar apa yang ditawarkan kepada bandar-bandar di pinggir bandar? || <> Apakah harga untuk akses internet terhad? || <> Berapa ramai pelanggan Mogadishu mempunyai tempatan? || <> Berapa banyak perkhidmatan internet tanpa wayar yang berpusat di Mogadishu? || <> Siapa yang tidak menggunakan perkhidmatan tanpa wayar? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Mogadishu and Bosaso are what in Somalia?", "id": "56e1c9a9cd28a01900c67b84", "answers": [{"text": "major cities", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city in Soalia has the largest nuber of subscribers?", "id": "56e1c9a9cd28a01900c67b86", "answers": [{"text": "Mogadishu", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the headquarters of the largest wireless internet services?", "id": "56e1c9a9cd28a01900c67b87", "answers": [{"text": "Mogadishu", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for Dalcom?", "id": "56e1c9a9cd28a01900c67b88", "answers": [{"text": "Wanaag HK", "answer_start": 548}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dial up and non-dial up", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "What wireless services were offered to cities on the outskirts?", "id": "5a5518a4134fea001a0e1912", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "$150 to $300", "answer_start": 173}], "question": "What was the price for limited internet access?", "id": "5a5518a4134fea001a0e1913", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the biggest subscriber base nationwide", "answer_start": 411}], "question": "How many subscribers did Mogadishu have locally?", "id": "5a5518a4134fea001a0e1914", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Dalkom (Wanaag HK), Orbit, Unitel and Webtel", "answer_start": 540}], "question": "How many wireless internet services did Mogadishu headquarter?", "id": "5a5518a4134fea001a0e1915", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "scholastic institutions, corporations, and UN, NGO and diplomatic missions", "answer_start": 321}], "question": "Who did not use the wireless services?", "id": "5a5518a4134fea001a0e1916", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Broadband wireless services were offered by both dial up and non-dial up ISPs in major cities, such as Mogadishu, Bosaso, Hargeisa, Galkayo and Kismayo. Pricing ranged from $150 to $300 a month for unlimited internet access, with bandwidth rates of 64 kbit/s up and down. The main patrons of these wireless services were scholastic institutions, corporations, and UN, NGO and diplomatic missions. Mogadishu had the biggest subscriber base nationwide and was also the headquarters of the largest wireless internet services, among which were Dalkom (Wanaag HK), Orbit, Unitel and Webtel."}], ["Sehingga tahun 2009, Internet melalui satelit mempunyai kadar pertumbuhan mantap sebanyak 10% hingga 15% setahun. Ini terutamanya dalam permintaan di kawasan terpencil yang tidak mempunyai perkhidmatan talian dailan atau tanpa wayar. Syarikat telekomunikasi tempatan Dalkom Somalia menyediakan internet melalui satelit, serta laluan premium untuk pengendali media dan penyedia kandungan, dan perkhidmatan gerbang suara antarabangsa untuk syarikat penerbangan global. Ia juga menawarkan jalur lebar yang murah melalui backbone internetnya, sedangkan jalur lebar biasanya menelan kos pelanggan dari $ 2,500 hingga $ 3,000 sebulan melalui penyedia jalur lebar antarabangsa utama. Pelanggan utama dari layanan satelit lokal ini adalah kafe internet, firma pemindahan wang dan syarikat lain, serta wakil masyarakat antarabangsa. Secara keseluruhan, terdapat lebih daripada 300 terminal satelit tempatan yang ada di negara ini, yang dikaitkan dengan teleport di Eropah dan Asia. Permintaan untuk perkhidmatan satelit secara beransur-ansur mula turun apabila akses wayarles jalur lebar meningkat. Walau bagaimanapun, ia meningkat di kawasan luar bandar, sebagai pangkalan pelanggan utama untuk perkhidmatan satelit memperluaskan operasi mereka ke kawasan yang lebih terpencil. <> Apa itu kadar pertumbuhan internet satelit pada tahun 2009? || 10% hingga 15% setahun <> Dalkom Somalia menyediakan internet lebih daripada apa? || satelit <> Siapakah salah satu pelanggan utama penyedia perkhidmatan satelit tempatan? || kafe internet <> Apabila akses jalur lebar meningkat, apa yang berlaku kepada permintaan untuk perkhidmatan satelit? || secara beransur-ansur mula jatuh <> Siapa yang menyediakan akses wayarles jalur lebar? || <> Apakah pembekal bandwidth kebangsaan? || <> Berapa banyak terminal yang dikaitkan dengan Amerika Utara? || <> Berapa banyak teleport ada di Eropah dan Asia? || <> Bilakah Dalkom Somalia mula menyediakan internet ke atas satelit? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What wsas the satellite internet growth rate as of 2009?", "id": "56e1cb2fcd28a01900c67ba2", "answers": [{"text": "10% to 15% per year", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dalkom Somalia provided internet over what?", "id": "56e1cb2fcd28a01900c67ba3", "answers": [{"text": "satellite", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were one of the main clients of the local satellite service providers?", "id": "56e1cb2fcd28a01900c67ba5", "answers": [{"text": "internet cafes", "answer_start": 662}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As broadband access rose, what happened to the demand for satellite services?", "id": "56e1cb2fcd28a01900c67ba6", "answers": [{"text": "gradually began to fall", "answer_start": 941}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Dalkom Somalia", "answer_start": 228}], "question": "Who provided broadband wireless access?", "id": "5a551bb5134fea001a0e1930", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "$2,500 to $3,000 per month", "answer_start": 526}], "question": "What did national bandwidth providers cost?", "id": "5a551bb5134fea001a0e1931", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "300", "answer_start": 798}], "question": "How many terminals linked to North America?", "id": "5a551bb5134fea001a0e1932", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "300", "answer_start": 798}], "question": "How many teleports were there in Europe and Asia?", "id": "5a551bb5134fea001a0e1933", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 6}], "question": "When did Dalkom Somalia begin providing internet over satellite?", "id": "5a551bb5134fea001a0e1934", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "As of 2009, Internet via satellite had a steady growth rate of 10% to 15% per year. It was particularly in demand in remote areas that did not have either dialup or wireless online services. The local telecommunications company Dalkom Somalia provided internet over satellite, as well as premium routes for media operators and content providers, and international voice gateway services for global carriers. It also offered inexpensive bandwidth through its internet backbone, whereas bandwidth ordinarily cost customers from $2,500 to $3,000 per month through the major international bandwidth providers. The main clients of these local satellite services were internet cafes, money transfer firms and other companies, as well as international community representatives. In total, there were over 300 local satellite terminals available aross the nation, which were linked to teleports in Europe and Asia. Demand for the satellite services gradually began to fall as broadband wireless access rose. However, it increased in rural areas, as the main client base for the satellite services extended their operations into more remote locales."}], ["Sehingga tahun 2009, perkhidmatan dail terus, satelit dan satelit disediakan. Mendail perkhidmatan internet di Somalia adalah antara yang paling pesat berkembang di benua itu, dengan kadar pertumbuhan tahunan tahunan lebih dari 12.5%. Peningkatan penggunaannya sebahagian besarnya disebabkan inisiatif dasar inovatif yang diguna pakai oleh pelbagai pengendali telekomunikasi Somali, termasuk panggilan dalaman tempatan percuma, kadar rata $ 10 sebulan untuk panggilan tanpa had, caj rendah $ 0.005 seminit untuk sambungan Internet, dan bayaran sambungan satu kali sebanyak $ 50. Syarikat Internet Global, firma yang dimiliki bersama oleh rangkaian telekomunikasi utama Somalia, Hormuud Telecom, Telcom Somalia dan Nationlink, adalah ISP terbesar di negara ini. Ia adalah pada masa itu satu-satunya penyedia perkhidmatan dial up di wilayah selatan-tengah Somalia. Di kawasan utara Puntland dan Somaliland, rangkaian dalam talian menawarkan perkhidmatan dail internet kepada kumpulan pelanggan mereka sendiri. Antara firma ini ialah Golis Telecom Somalia di timur laut dan Telesom di barat laut. <> Sehingga tahun apa perkhidmatan dial, perkhidmatan wayarles dan satelit disediakan? || 2009 <> Apakah kadar pertumbuhan darat Somalia pada tahun 2009? || 12.5% <> Apakah kadar rata sebulan untuk panggilan darat tanpa had di Somalia pada tahun 2009? || $ 10 setiap bulan <> Apa itu ISP terbesar Somalia pada tahun 2009? || Syarikat Internet Global <> Siapa satu-satunya penyedia perkhidmatan dial-up di wilayah Somalia Selatan SouthCentral pada tahun 2009? || Syarikat Internet Global <> Siapa penyedia ISP pertama di Somalia? || <> Seberapa cepat perkhidmatan wayarles yang berkembang di Somalia? || <> Yang operator telekomunikasi Somalia merangka dasar yang bertanggungjawab untuk pertumbuhan dial up? || <> Apakah ISP kedua terbesar di Somalia? || <> Berapakah jumlah operator telekomunikasi yang dikenakan untuk pesanan teks? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "As of what year were dial up, wireless , and satellite services available?", "id": "56e1c861cd28a01900c67b7a", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the landline growth rate of Somalia in 2009?", "id": "56e1c861cd28a01900c67b7b", "answers": [{"text": "12.5%", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the flat rate per month for unlimited landline calls in Somalia in the year 2009?", "id": "56e1c861cd28a01900c67b7c", "answers": [{"text": "$10 per month", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Somalias largest ISP in 2009?", "id": "56e1c861cd28a01900c67b7d", "answers": [{"text": "Global Internet Company", "answer_start": 510}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the only provider of dial up service in Somalias SouthCentral regions in 2009?", "id": "56e1c861cd28a01900c67b7e", "answers": [{"text": "Global Internet Company", "answer_start": 510}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Global Internet Company", "answer_start": 510}], "question": "Who was the first ISP provider in Somalia?", "id": "5a551746134fea001a0e1908", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "growth rate of over 12.5%", "answer_start": 179}], "question": "How quickly is the wireless service growing in Somalia?", "id": "5a551746134fea001a0e1909", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hormuud Telecom, Telcom Somalia and Nationlink", "answer_start": 603}], "question": "Which Somali telecom operators designed the policies responsible for dial up's growth?", "id": "5a551746134fea001a0e190a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Golis Telecom Somalia", "answer_start": 931}], "question": "What is Somalia's second largest ISP?", "id": "5a551746134fea001a0e190b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "$10 per month", "answer_start": 377}], "question": "How much did telecom operators charge for text messaging?", "id": "5a551746134fea001a0e190c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "As of 2009, dial up, wireless and satellite services were available. Dial up internet services in Somalia were among the fastest growing on the continent, with an annual landline growth rate of over 12.5%. The increase in usage was largely due to innovative policy initiatives adopted by the various Somali telecom operators, including free local in-town calls, a flat rate of $10 per month for unlimited calls, a low charge of $0.005 per minute for Internet connections, and a one-time connection fee of $50. Global Internet Company, a firm jointly owned by the major Somali telecommunication networks Hormuud Telecom, Telcom Somalia and Nationlink, was the country's largest ISP. It was at the time the only provider of dial up services in Somalia's south-central regions. In the northern Puntland and Somaliland regions, online networks offered internet dial up services to their own group of subscribers. Among these firms was Golis Telecom Somalia in the northeast and Telesom in the northwest."}], ["Pada bulan November 2013, Somalia menerima sambungan fiber optik pertama. Negara ini sebelum ini bergantung kepada hubungan satelit yang mahal kerana konflik sivil, yang membatasi penggunaan internet. Walau bagaimanapun, penduduk kini mempunyai akses ke kabel internet jalur lebar untuk kali pertama selepas perjanjian dicapai antara Hormuud Telecom dan Liquid Telecom. Perjanjian itu akan melihat pautan Liquid Telecom Hormuud ke rangkaian kabel darat 17,000 km (10,500 batu), yang akan memberikan kapasiti internet lebih cepat. Sambungan gentian optik juga akan menjadikan akses dalam talian lebih murah kepada pengguna purata. Ini seterusnya dijangka meningkatkan jumlah pengguna internet. Dalkom Somalia mencapai persetujuan yang sama dengan Syarikat Kabel Lautan India Barat (WIOCC) Ltd, yang memegang saham dalam. Berkuatkuasa pada suku pertama tahun 2014, perjanjian itu akan mewujudkan hubungan optik serat ke dan dari Somalia melalui kabel EASSy. Perkhidmatan baru dijangka dapat mengurangkan kos jalur lebar antarabangsa dan untuk mengoptimumkan prestasi yang lebih baik, dengan itu memperluas lagi akses internet. Dalkom Somalia sedang membina pusat data canggih 1,000 kilometer persegi di Mogadishu. Tapak ini akan memudahkan sambungan langsung ke rangkaian gentian optik antarabangsa dengan menyediakan peralatan untuk semua ISP dan syarikat telekomunikasi di ibu negara. <> Tahun berapakah Somalia menerima sambungan fiber optik pertama? || 2013 <> pada tahun 2013, satu perjanjian antara Hormuud Telecom dan Liquid Telecom memberikan penduduk akses kepada jenis penyedia kabel apa? || jalur lebar <> Berapa batu panjang adalah Rangkaian Telekom Cair? || 10,500 batu <> Bagaimana hubungan serat optik mempengaruhi harga untuk akses dalam talian untuk pengguna purata? || lebih murah <> Di mana Dalcom Somalia sedang membina pusat data 1000 batu persegi? || Mogadishu <> Bilakah Somalia mula-mula mendapatkan internet? || <> Berapa lama rangkaian kabel Hormuud? || <> Apakah kabel EASSy berdiri? || <> Bilakah Dalkom Somalia dan WIOCC memulakan perbincangan untuk kesepakatan mereka? || <> Di mana Hormuud Telecom membina pusat data 1000 kilometer persegi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did Somalia receive its first fiber optic connection?", "id": "56e1ce38e3433e14004231ae", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "in 2013, an agreement between Hormuud Telecom and Liquid Telecom provided residents access to what type of cable provider?", "id": "56e1ce38e3433e14004231af", "answers": [{"text": "broadband", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many miles long is Liquid Telecoms Network?", "id": "56e1ce38e3433e14004231b0", "answers": [{"text": "10,500 mile", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How will the fiber optic connection impact the price for online access for the average user?", "id": "56e1ce38e3433e14004231b1", "answers": [{"text": "more affordable", "answer_start": 552}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Dalcom Somalia currently building a 1000 square mile data center?", "id": "56e1ce38e3433e14004231b2", "answers": [{"text": "Mogadishu", "answer_start": 1166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "When did Somalia first get internet?", "id": "5a551e9d134fea001a0e1958", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "17,000 km (10,500 mile)", "answer_start": 396}], "question": "How long is Hormuud's cable network?", "id": "5a551e9d134fea001a0e1959", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "West Indian Ocean Cable Company", "answer_start": 716}], "question": "What does the EASSy cable stand for?", "id": "5a551e9d134fea001a0e195a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 818}], "question": "When did Dalkom Somalia and WIOCC begin talks for their deal?", "id": "5a551e9d134fea001a0e195b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mogadishu", "answer_start": 1166}], "question": "Where is Hormuud Telecom building a 1000 square mile data center?", "id": "5a551e9d134fea001a0e195c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In November 2013, Somalia received its first fiber optic connection. The country previously had to rely on expensive satellite links due to the civil conflict, which limited internet usage. However, residents now have access to broadband internet cable for the first time after an agreement reached between Hormuud Telecom and Liquid Telecom. The deal will see Liquid Telecom link Hormuud to its 17,000 km (10,500 mile) network of terrestrial cables, which will deliver faster internet capacity. The fiber optic connection will also make online access more affordable to the average user. This in turn is expected to further increase the number of internet users. Dalkom Somalia reached a similar agreement with the West Indian Ocean Cable Company (WIOCC) Ltd, which it holds shares in. Effective the first quarter of 2014, the deal will establish fiber optic connectivity to and from Somalia via the EASSy cable. The new services are expected to reduce the cost of international bandwidth and to better optimize performance, thereby further broadening internet access. Dalkom Somalia is concurrently constructing a 1,000 square mile state-of-the-art data center in Mogadishu. The site will facilitate direct connection into the international fiber optic network by hosting equipment for all of the capital's ISPs and telecommunication companies."}]], [["Sejak peralihan Sepanyol ke demokrasi (1975-1982), bahasa Catalan telah diiktiraf sebagai bahasa rasmi, bahasa pendidikan, dan bahasa media massa, yang semuanya telah menyumbang kepada peningkatan martabatnya. Tidak ada selari di Eropah seperti komuniti ucapan yang besar, dwibahasa, bukan negeri. <> Apa yang berlaku pada 1975-1982? || Peralihan bahasa Sepanyol ke demokrasi <> Apakah keadaan bahasa rasmi ini dilakukan untuk bahasa Catalan? || meningkat prestij <> Di mana tidak ada komuniti ucapan bukan negara ini? || Europe <> Selain menjadi bahasa rasmi dan bahasa pendidikan, apa yang lain menggunakan bahasa Catalan? || media massa", {"qas": [{"question": "What happened in 1975-1982?", "id": "56e10e25e3433e1400422b53", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish transition to democracy", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has this official language state done for Catalan?", "id": "56e10e25e3433e1400422b54", "answers": [{"text": "increased prestige", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is there nothing like this non-state speech community?", "id": "56e10e25e3433e1400422b55", "answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides being the official language and language of education, what other group uses Catalan?", "id": "56e10e25e3433e1400422b56", "answers": [{"text": "mass media", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975\u20131982), Catalan has been recognized as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media, all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. There is no parallel in Europe of such a large, bilingual, non-state speech community."}], ["The endonym diucapkan /k\u0259.t\u0259\u026ba/ dalam dialek bahasa Katalan Timur, dan /ka.ta\u026ba/ dalam dialek Barat. Dalam Komuniti Valencian, istilah valenci\u00e0 (/va.len.sia/) sering digunakan. Nama \"Catalan\" dan \"Valencian\" adalah dua nama untuk bahasa yang sama. Lihat juga status Valencian di bawah. <> Di mana Valencia digunakan bukannya Catalan? || Komuniti Valencia <> Apakah bahasa Catalonia dan Valencian nama? || bahasa yang sama <> Apa yang mempengaruhi sebutan yang berlainan dalam dua bidang pembicara Bahasa Catalan? || dialek", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is Valencia used instead of Catalan?", "id": "56e11a70cd28a01900c675bd", "answers": [{"text": "Valencian Community", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are Catalan and Valencian the names for?", "id": "56e11a70cd28a01900c675be", "answers": [{"text": "the same language", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What affect does  different pronunciations in the two areas of Catalan speakers produce?", "id": "56e11a70cd28a01900c675c1", "answers": [{"text": "dialects", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The endonym is pronounced /k\u0259.t\u0259\u02c8\u026ba/ in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and /ka.ta\u02c8\u026ba/ in the Western dialects. In the Valencian Community, the term valenci\u00e0 (/va.len.si\u02c8a/) is frequently used instead. The names \"Catalan\" and \"Valencian\" are two names for the same language. See also status of Valencian below."}], ["Dalam bahasa Inggeris, istilah yang merujuk kepada orang pertama kali muncul pada pertengahan abad ke-14 sebagai Catelaner, diikuti pada abad ke-15 sebagai Catellain (dari bahasa Perancis). Ia telah membuktikan nama bahasa sejak sekurang-kurangnya 1652. Bahasa Catalan boleh disebut sebagai / k\u00e6t\u0259l\u00e6n /, / k\u00e6t\u0259l\u00e6n / atau / k\u00e6t\u0259l\u0259n /. <> Bilakah Catalaner rujukan pertama muncul? || pertengahan abad ke-14 <> Apa yang dipanggil orang Catalan pada abad ke-15? || Catellain <> Bahasa apa yang menjadi sumber istilah Catellain? || Bahasa Perancis <> Apakah sumber bahasa istilah Catelaner? || Bahasa Inggeris <> Sejak tahun apakah istilah ini telah digunakan? || 1652", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the reference Catelaner first appear?", "id": "56e11807cd28a01900c6758d", "answers": [{"text": "mid 14th century", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a Catalan person called in the 15th century?", "id": "56e11807cd28a01900c6758e", "answers": [{"text": "Catellain", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language is the source of the term Catellain?", "id": "56e11807cd28a01900c6758f", "answers": [{"text": "French", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the language source of the term Catelaner?", "id": "56e11807cd28a01900c67590", "answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Since what year has this term been used?", "id": "56e11807cd28a01900c67591", "answers": [{"text": "1652", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In English, the term referring to a person first appears in the mid 14th century as Catelaner, followed in the 15th century as Catellain (from French). It is attested a language name since at least 1652. Catalan can be pronounced as /\u02c8k\u00e6t\u0259l\u00e6n/, /k\u00e6t\u0259\u02c8l\u00e6n/ or /\u02c8k\u00e6t\u0259l\u0259n/."}], ["Kata Catalan berasal dari wilayah Catalonia, sendiri etimologi yang dipertikaikan. Teori utama menunjukkan bahawa Catalunya (Latin Gathia Launia) berasal dari nama Gothia atau Gauthia (\"Tanah Goths\"), kerana asal-usul bahasa Catalan, para tuan dan orang ditemui pada bulan Mac Gothia, dari mana Gothland> Gothlandia > Gothalania> Catalonia berasal secara teoritis. <> Apakah derivatif Catalan? || Catalonia <> Apakah bahasa Latin untuk Calalunya? || Gathia Launia <> Di manakah orang Catalan berasal? || March of Gothia <> Apa perkataan akar dari mana Catalonia datang? || Gothia", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Catalan the derivitive of?", "id": "56e11684cd28a01900c67583", "answers": [{"text": "Catalonia", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Latin for Calalunya?", "id": "56e11684cd28a01900c67584", "answers": [{"text": "Gathia Launia", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Catalan  people originate?", "id": "56e11684cd28a01900c67586", "answers": [{"text": "March of Gothia", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the root word from which Catalonia comes?", "id": "56e11684cd28a01900c67587", "answers": [{"text": "Gothia", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The word Catalan derives from the territory of Catalonia, itself of disputed etymology. The main theory suggests that Catalunya (Latin Gathia Launia) derives from the name Gothia or Gauthia (\"Land of the Goths\"), since the origins of the Catalan counts, lords and people were found in the March of Gothia, whence Gothland > Gothlandia > Gothalania > Catalonia theoretically derived."}], ["Menurut Institut Statistik Catalonia pada tahun 2008 bahasa Catalan adalah yang kedua paling biasa digunakan di Catalonia, selepas bahasa Sepanyol, sebagai bahasa asli atau bahasa yang menentukan sendiri. The Generalitat of Catalunya membelanjakan sebahagian daripada bajet tahunannya untuk mempromosikan penggunaan Catalan di Catalonia dan di wilayah lain. <> Bahasa kedua yang paling sering digunakan ialah Catalonia? || Bahasa Catalan <> Apakah bahasa yang paling banyak digunakan di Catalonia? || Bahasa Sepanyol <> Apakah jenis penamaan bahasa Catalan di Catalonia? || Asli <> Kumpulan apa yang membelanjakan wang untuk mempromosikan bahasa itu? || The Generalitat of Catalunya <> Bahasa apa yang dipromosikan di Catalonia? || Catalan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the second most often spoken language is Catalonia?", "id": "56e109ffe3433e1400422b18", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the most used language in Catalonia?", "id": "56e109ffe3433e1400422b19", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the type designation of Catalan in Catalonia?", "id": "56e109ffe3433e1400422b1a", "answers": [{"text": "native", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group spends money to promote the language?", "id": "56e109ffe3433e1400422b1b", "answers": [{"text": "The Generalitat of Catalunya", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language is promoted in Catalonia?", "id": "56e109ffe3433e1400422b1c", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to the Statistical Institute of Catalonia in 2008 the Catalan language is the second most commonly used in Catalonia, after Spanish, as a native or self-defining language. The Generalitat of Catalunya spends part of its annual budget on the promotion of the use of Catalan in Catalonia and in other territories."}], ["Catalan berkongsi banyak ciri-ciri dengan bahasa-bahasa Romawi yang berdekatan. Walau bagaimanapun, walaupun kebanyakannya terletak di Semenanjung Iberia, bahasa Catalan berbeza dari Iberian Romance (seperti bahasa Sepanyol dan Portugis) dari segi perbendaharaan kata, sebutan, dan tatabahasa daripada bahasa Gallo-Romance (bahasa Occitan, Perancis, Gallo-Italic, dll. ). Persamaan ini paling terkenal dengan Occitan. <> Apakah bahasa Catalonia sama dengan bahasa-bahasa Romantik yang lain di kawasan yang sama? || banyak ciri <> Di mana terletak Catalonia? || Semenanjung Iberia <> Apa lagi bahasa Romantik Iberia yang terdapat di kawasan ini? || Bahasa Sepanyol dan Portugis <> Selain perbendaharaan kata dan tatabahasa, apa lagi perbezaan di antara bahasa kawasan serupa? || sebutan <> Apakah bahasa Latin yang serupa ini disebut? || Gallo-Romance", {"qas": [{"question": "What does Catalan have in common with other Romance languages in the same area?", "id": "56e11322cd28a01900c6755f", "answers": [{"text": "many traits", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Catalonia located?", "id": "56e11322cd28a01900c67560", "answers": [{"text": "Iberian Peninsula", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other Iberian Romance languages are found in this area?", "id": "56e11322cd28a01900c67561", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish and Portuguese", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides vocabulary and grammar, what other diffinence is there from other similar area languages?", "id": "56e11322cd28a01900c67562", "answers": [{"text": "pronunciation", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are these similar Latin derived languages called?", "id": "56e11322cd28a01900c67563", "answers": [{"text": "Gallo-Romance", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages. However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan differs more from Iberian Romance (such as Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar than from Gallo-Romance (Occitan, French, Gallo-Italic languages, etc.). These similarities are most notable with Occitan."}], ["Catalan mempunyai tatabahasa inflectional, dengan dua jantina (maskulin, feminin), dan dua nombor (tunggal, jamak). Kata-kata ganti juga diabaikan untuk kes, animasi [rujukan?] Dan kesopanan, dan boleh digabungkan dengan cara yang sangat kompleks. Kata kerja berpecah dalam beberapa paradigma dan dipengaruhi oleh orang, nombor, tegang, aspek, perasaan, dan jantina. Dari segi sebutan, bahasa Catalan mempunyai banyak perkataan yang berakhir dengan pelbagai konsonan dan beberapa kelompok konsonan, berbanding dengan banyak bahasa Romantik lain. <> Berapa banyak jantina yang ada di Catalan? || dua <> nombor apa bahasa Catalan? || tunggal, majmuk <> Apakah gaya tatabahasa yang Catalan ada? || inflectional <> Apa yang digunakan dalam bahasa Catalan sebagai ujung kata yang berbeza dari bahasa-bahasa Romantik yang serupa? || konsonan", {"qas": [{"question": "How many genders does Catalan have?", "id": "56e114eccd28a01900c6756f", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What numbers does Catalan have?", "id": "56e114eccd28a01900c67570", "answers": [{"text": "singular, plural", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What style of grammar does Catalan have?", "id": "56e114eccd28a01900c67571", "answers": [{"text": "inflectional", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is used in Catalan as word endings that is different from other similar Romance languages? ", "id": "56e114eccd28a01900c67573", "answers": [{"text": "consonants", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Catalan has an inflectional grammar, with two genders (masculine, feminine), and two numbers (singular, plural). Pronouns are also inflected for case, animacy[citation needed] and politeness, and can be combined in very complex ways. Verbs are split in several paradigms and are inflected for person, number, tense, aspect, mood, and gender. In terms of pronunciation, Catalan has many words ending in a wide variety of consonants and some consonant clusters, in contrast with many other Romance languages."}], ["Dialek bahasa Catalan agak seragam, dan saling difahami. Mereka dibahagikan kepada dua blok, Timur dan Barat, yang berbeza-beza dalam sebutan. Istilah \"Catalan\" dan \"Valencian\" (masing-masing digunakan di Catalonia dan Komuniti Valencia) adalah dua jenis bahasa yang sama. Terdapat dua institusi yang mengawal selia dua jenis standard, Pengajian Institut Catalan di Catalonia dan Akademi Bahasa Valencia di Valencian. <> Apakah pembahagian dialek bahasa Catalan? || Timur dan Barat <> Apakah perbezaan asas antara dialek? || sebutan <> Apa perbezaan antara Catalan dan Valencian? || jenis yang berlainan <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh Catalan dan Valencian? || bahasa yang sama <> Apakah bahasa Catalonia dan Valencian dianggap dalam bahasa? || dua jenis standard", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the division of Catalan dialects?", "id": "56e1108acd28a01900c67527", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern and Western", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the basic difference between the dialects?", "id": "56e1108acd28a01900c67528", "answers": [{"text": "pronunciation", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the differenctiation between Catalan and Valencian?", "id": "56e1108acd28a01900c67529", "answers": [{"text": "different varieties", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are Catalan and Valencian assumed to be?", "id": "56e1108acd28a01900c6752a", "answers": [{"text": "the same language", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are Catalan and Valencian considered to be in the language?", "id": "56e1108acd28a01900c6752b", "answers": [{"text": "two standard varieties", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Catalan dialects are relatively uniform, and are mutually intelligible. They are divided into two blocks, Eastern and Western, differing mostly in pronunciation. The terms \"Catalan\" and \"Valencian\" (respectively used in Catalonia and the Valencian Community) are two different varieties of the same language. There are two institutions regulating the two standard varieties, the Institute of Catalan Studies in Catalonia and the Valencian Academy of the Language in Valencia."}], ["Catalan berkembang dari Vulgar Latin di sekitar Pyrenees timur pada abad ke-9. Semasa Abad Pertengahan Rendah, ia melihat zaman keemasan sebagai bahasa sastera dan dominan Mahkota Aragon, dan digunakan secara meluas di seluruh Mediterranean. Kesatuan Aragon dengan wilayah-wilayah lain di Spanyol pada tahun 1479 menandakan permulaan penurunan bahasa. Pada 1659 Sepanyol menyerahkan Catalonia Utara ke Perancis, dan Catalan diharamkan di kedua-dua negeri pada awal abad ke-18. Sepanyol abad ke-19 menyaksikan kebangkitan semula kesusasteraan Katalan, yang berpunca daripada penyeragaman ortografi 1913, dan pengesahan bahasa semasa Republik Sepanyol Kedua (1931-39). Walau bagaimanapun, pemerintahan diktator Francois (1939-75) melarang bahasa itu lagi. <> Dari bahasa apa bahasa Catalan datang? || Vulgar Latin <> Di kawasan apa yang Catalan berkembang? || timur Pyrenees <> Kapan Catalan berkembang di Pyrenees Timur? || Abad ke-9 <> Bilakah Zaman Emas Catalan sebagai bahasa dominan? || Zaman Pertengahan Rendah <> Berapa tahun bermula penurunan bahasa Catalan sebagai bahasa utama? || 1479", {"qas": [{"question": "From what language did Catalan come?", "id": "56e10bc0e3433e1400422b2c", "answers": [{"text": "Vulgar Latin", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what area did Catalan develop?", "id": "56e10bc0e3433e1400422b2d", "answers": [{"text": "eastern Pyrenees", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Catalan develop in the Eastern Pyrenees?", "id": "56e10bc0e3433e1400422b2e", "answers": [{"text": "9th century", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Catalan's Golden Age as a dominant language?", "id": "56e10bc0e3433e1400422b2f", "answers": [{"text": "Low Middle Ages", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year started the decline of Catalan as a main language?", "id": "56e10bc0e3433e1400422b30", "answers": [{"text": "1479", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Catalan evolved from Vulgar Latin around the eastern Pyrenees in the 9th century. During the Low Middle Ages it saw a golden age as the literary and dominant language of the Crown of Aragon, and was widely used all over the Mediterranean. The union of Aragon with the other territories of Spain in 1479 marked the start of the decline of the language. In 1659 Spain ceded Northern Catalonia to France, and Catalan was banned in both states in the early 18th century. 19th-century Spain saw a Catalan literary revival, which culminated in the 1913 orthographic standardization, and the officialization of the language during the Second Spanish Republic (1931\u201339). However, the Francoist dictatorship (1939\u201375) banned the language again."}], ["Catalan (/ k\u00e6t\u0259l\u00e6n /; autonym: catal\u00e0 [k\u0259t\u0259la] atau [katala]) adalah bahasa Romantik yang dinamakan asal-usulnya di Catalonia, dalam bahasa Sepanyol timur laut dan bahagian Perancis yang bersebelahan. Ia adalah bahasa rasmi nasional dan satu-satunya Andorra, dan bahasa rasmi komuniti autonomi Sepanyol Catalonia, Kepulauan Balearic, dan Valencia (di mana bahasa itu dikenali sebagai Valencian, dan terdapat taraf serantau). Ia juga mempunyai status separa rasmi di bandar Alghero di pulau Itali di Sardinia. Ia juga diucapkan tanpa pengiktirafan rasmi di kalangan masyarakat autonomi Sepanyol di Aragon (La Franja) dan Murcia (Carche), dan di rantau Perancis bersejarah Roussillon / Catalonia Utara, kira-kira bersamaan dengan jabatan Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Orientales. <> Tempat mana yang dimaksudkan oleh Catalan? || Catalonia <> Bahasa jenis apa bahasa Catalan? || Bahasa cinta <> Apa yang dipanggil Catalan di Valencia? || Valencian <> Di mana Bahasa Catalan adalah bahasa rasmi sahaja? || Andorra", {"qas": [{"question": "What place is Catalan named for?", "id": "56e10842cd28a01900c6747d", "answers": [{"text": "Catalonia", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of language is Catalan?", "id": "56e10842cd28a01900c6747e", "answers": [{"text": "Romance language", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Catalan called in Valencia?", "id": "56e10842cd28a01900c6747f", "answers": [{"text": "Valencian", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Catalan the only official language?", "id": "56e10842cd28a01900c67481", "answers": [{"text": "Andorra", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Catalan (/\u02c8k\u00e6t\u0259l\u00e6n/; autonym: catal\u00e0 [k\u0259t\u0259\u02c8la] or [kata\u02c8la]) is a Romance language named for its origins in Catalonia, in what is northeastern Spain and adjoining parts of France. It is the national and only official language of Andorra, and a co-official language of the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and Valencia (where the language is known as Valencian, and there exist regional standards). It also has semi-official status in the city of Alghero on the Italian island of Sardinia. It is also spoken with no official recognition in parts of the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon (La Franja) and Murcia (Carche), and in the historic French region of Roussillon/Northern Catalonia, roughly equivalent to the department of Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Orientales."}], ["Tidak lama selepas Revolusi Perancis (1789), Republik Pertama Perancis melarang penggunaan rasmi, dan menggubal dasar-dasar yang membezakan, bahasa-bahasa tidak standard di Perancis (patois), seperti Catalan, Alsatian, Breton, Occitania, Flemish, dan Basque. <> Bilakah Perancis melarang Catalan? || 1789 <> Apakah pergolakan berlaku di Perancis sebelum larangan patois? || Revolusi Perancis <> Selain Catalan, Alsatian, dan Breton, apa lagi patois yang diharamkan? || Occitan, Flemish, dan Basque <> Apa bahasa non-bahasa Perancis dipanggil? || patois", {"qas": [{"question": "When did France outlaw Catalan?", "id": "56e13c8acd28a01900c676d9", "answers": [{"text": "1789", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What upheaval had occurred in France just before the prohibition of patois?", "id": "56e13c8acd28a01900c676da", "answers": [{"text": "French Revolution", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides Catalan, Alsatian, and Breton, what other patois were banned?", "id": "56e13c8acd28a01900c676dc", "answers": [{"text": "Occitan, Flemish, and Basque", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are French non standard languages called?", "id": "56e13c8acd28a01900c676dd", "answers": [{"text": "patois", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Shortly after the French Revolution (1789), the French First Republic prohibited official use of, and enacted discriminating policies against, the nonstandard languages of France (patois), such as Catalan, Alsatian, Breton, Occitan, Flemish, and Basque."}], ["Novel Martorell yang hebat dalam kisah Tirant lo Blanc (1490) menunjukkan peralihan dari nilai Medieval ke Renaissance, sesuatu yang dapat dilihat dalam karya Metge. Buku pertama yang dihasilkan dengan jenis alih di Semenanjung Iberia dicetak dalam bahasa Catalan. <> Siapa yang menulis Tirant lo Blanc? || Martorell <> Kisah macam apa itu Tirant lo Blanc? || chivalry <> Untuk apa kerja Matorell menunjukkan peralihan? || Nilai Renaissance <> Apa penulis lain menunjukkan peralihan kepada Renaissance? || Metge <> Dalam apa buku catalan pertama dicetak di Semenanjung Iberia? || jenis alih", {"qas": [{"question": "Who wrote Tirant lo Blanc?", "id": "56e1373de3433e1400422cbe", "answers": [{"text": "Martorell", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of tale was Tirant lo Blanc?", "id": "56e1373de3433e1400422cbf", "answers": [{"text": "chivalry", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what does Matorell's work show a transition?", "id": "56e1373de3433e1400422cc0", "answers": [{"text": "Renaissance values", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other writer showed a transition to the Renaissance? ", "id": "56e1373de3433e1400422cc1", "answers": [{"text": "Metge", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what was the first Catalan book printed on the Iberian Peninsula?", "id": "56e1373de3433e1400422cc2", "answers": [{"text": "movable type", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Martorell's outstanding novel of chivalry Tirant lo Blanc (1490) shows a transition from Medieval to Renaissance values, something that can also be seen in Metge's work. The first book produced with movable type in the Iberian Peninsula was printed in Catalan."}], ["Pada masa kini, Perancis hanya mengiktiraf Perancis sebagai bahasa rasmi. Walau bagaimanapun, pada 10 Disember 2007, Majlis Umum Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Orientales secara rasmi mengiktiraf bahasa Catalonia sebagai salah satu bahasa jabatan dan bertujuan untuk mempromosikannya lagi dalam kehidupan awam dan pendidikan. <> Apakah bahasa rasmi Perancis? || Perancis <> Di manakah Majlis Umum mahu mempromosikan Bahasa Catalan? || dalam kehidupan awam dan pendidikan <> Yang mengiktiraf bahasa Catalan sebagai bahasa jabatan? || Majlis Umum Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Orientales <> Bahasa apa yang dimaksudkan oleh Majlis Am untuk menggalakkan? || Catalan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the official language of France?", "id": "56e14538e3433e1400422d1e", "answers": [{"text": "French", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the General Council want to promote Catalan?", "id": "56e14538e3433e1400422d20", "answers": [{"text": "in public life and education", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who recognized Catalan as a departmental language?", "id": "56e14538e3433e1400422d21", "answers": [{"text": "General Council of the Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Orientales", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language does the General Council want to promote?", "id": "56e14538e3433e1400422d22", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nowadays, France only recognizes French as an official language. Nevertheless, on 10 December 2007, the General Council of the Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Orientales officially recognized Catalan as one of the languages of the department and seeks to further promote it in public life and education."}], ["Dengan Perjanjian Pyrenees (1659), Sepanyol menyerahkan bahagian utara Catalonia ke Perancis, dan tidak lama kemudian, varieti Catalan tempatan berada di bawah pengaruh Perancis, yang pada tahun 1700 menjadi bahasa resmi tunggal rantau ini. <> Bilakah Perjanjian Pyrenees? || 1659 <> Apa bahagian Catalonia yang diberikan Sepanyol kepada Perancis? || bahagian utara <> Mengapa Sepanyol memberikan sebahagian daripada Catalonia ke Perancis? || Perjanjian Bahasa Pyrenees <> Bahasa apa yang mula mempengaruhi bahasa Katalan? || Perancis <> Bilakah Perancis menjadi bahasa rasmi bahagian itu di Catalonia? || 1700", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Treaty of the Pyrenees?", "id": "56e13ab5e3433e1400422cdc", "answers": [{"text": "1659", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of Catalonia did Spain give to France?", "id": "56e13ab5e3433e1400422cdd", "answers": [{"text": "northern part", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did Spain give part of Catalonia to France?", "id": "56e13ab5e3433e1400422cde", "answers": [{"text": "Treaty of the Pyrenees", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language began to influence Catalan?", "id": "56e13ab5e3433e1400422cdf", "answers": [{"text": "French", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did French become the official language of that part of Catalonia?", "id": "56e13ab5e3433e1400422ce0", "answers": [{"text": "1700", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "With the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France, and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French, which in 1700 became the sole official language of the region."}], ["Dengan kesatuan mahkota Castille dan Aragon (1479), penggunaan bahasa Sepanyol secara beransur-ansur menjadi lebih berprestij. Bermula pada abad ke-16, kesusasteraan Catalan mengalami penurunan, bahasa itu berada di bawah pengaruh bahasa Sepanyol, dan kelas bandar dan sastra menjadi dua bahasa. <> Bilakah Castille dan Aragon bersatu? || 1479 <Selepas 1479, apa bahasa menjadi lebih bernilai? || Bahasa Sepanyol <> Bilakah kesusasteraan Catalan memulakan trend menurun? || Abad ke-16 <> Bahasa apa yang mula menggantikan bahasa Katalan? || Bahasa Sepanyol <> Pada masa ini kelas apa yang menjadi dwibahasa? || bandar dan sastera", {"qas": [{"question": "When were Castille and Aragon united?", "id": "56e1397fe3433e1400422cd2", "answers": [{"text": "1479", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After 1479, what language became more valued?", "id": "56e1397fe3433e1400422cd3", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Catalan literature begin a downward trend?", "id": "56e1397fe3433e1400422cd4", "answers": [{"text": "16th century", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language began to supersede Catalan?", "id": "56e1397fe3433e1400422cd5", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At this time what classes became bilingual?", "id": "56e1397fe3433e1400422cd6", "answers": [{"text": "urban and literary", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "With the union of the crowns of Castille and Aragon (1479), the use of Spanish gradually became more prestigious. Starting in the 16th century, Catalan literature experienced a decline, the language came under the influence of Spanish, and the urban and literary classes became bilingual."}], ["Berikutan penangkapan Algeria Perancis (1833), rantau itu menyaksikan beberapa gelombang penerjemah berbahasa Catalan. Orang dari wilayah Alacant Sepanyol menetap di sekitar Oran, sedangkan Algiers menerima imigresen dari Utara Catalonia dan Minorca. Ucapan mereka dikenali sebagai patuet. Menjelang tahun 1911, bilangan penceramah Catalan adalah sekitar 100,000. Selepas pengisytiharan kemerdekaan Algeria pada tahun 1962, hampir semua penceramah Catalan melarikan diri ke Catalonia Utara (sebagai Pieds-Noirs) atau Alacant. <> Bilakah Perancis mendapat Algeria? || 1833 <> Di manakah para imigran Algiers berasal? || Utara Catalonia dan Minorca <> Apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh keturunan imigran Katalan? || patuet <> Berapa banyak penutur bahasa Catalan tinggal di Algiers pada tahun 1911? || sekitar 100,000 <> Bilakah kebanyakan penceramah Catalan meninggalkan utara Catalonia? || 1962", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the French obtain Algeria?", "id": "56e13e81e3433e1400422cfa", "answers": [{"text": "1833", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Algiers immigrants come from?", "id": "56e13e81e3433e1400422cfb", "answers": [{"text": "Northern Catalonia and Minorca", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Catalan immigrant's speech called?", "id": "56e13e81e3433e1400422cfc", "answers": [{"text": "patuet", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Catalan speakers lived in Algiers by 1911?", "id": "56e13e81e3433e1400422cfd", "answers": [{"text": "around 100,000", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did most Catalan speakers leave northern Catalonia?", "id": "56e13e81e3433e1400422cfe", "answers": [{"text": "1962", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Following the French capture of Algeria (1833), that region saw several waves of Catalan-speaking settlers. People from the Spanish Alacant province settled around Oran, whereas Algiers received immigration from Northern Catalonia and Minorca. Their speech was known as patuet. By 1911, the number of Catalan speakers was around 100,000. After the declaration of independence of Algeria in 1962, almost all the Catalan speakers fled to Northern Catalonia (as Pieds-Noirs) or Alacant."}], ["Pada abad ke-11, dokumen-dokumen yang ditulis dalam bahasa Latin makaronik mula menunjukkan elemen Catalan, dengan teks-teks yang ditulis hampir sepenuhnya dalam Romantik yang muncul pada 1080. Catalan lama berkongsi banyak ciri dengan Gallo-Romance, menyimpang dari Occitan Lama antara abad ke-11 dan ke-14. <> Bilakah makaronik Latin mula menunjukkan tanda-tanda bahasa Catalan? || Abad ke-11 <> Bilakah teks mulai muncul semata-mata dalam Romantik? || oleh 1080 <> Untuk bahasa apa bahasa Catalan mempamerkan persamaan? || Gallo-Romance <> Apa bahasa Gallo-Romance lakukan Old Catalan berasingan? || Occitan Lama", {"qas": [{"question": "When did macaronic Latin start showing signs of Catalan?", "id": "56e12f03e3433e1400422c96", "answers": [{"text": "11th century", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did texts begin to appear solely in Romance?", "id": "56e12f03e3433e1400422c97", "answers": [{"text": "by 1080", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what language did Catalan display similarities?", "id": "56e12f03e3433e1400422c98", "answers": [{"text": "Gallo-Romance", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Gallo-Romance language did Old Catalan separate from?", "id": "56e12f03e3433e1400422c9a", "answers": [{"text": "Old Occitan", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 11th century, documents written in macaronic Latin begin to show Catalan elements, with texts written almost completely in Romance appearing by 1080. Old Catalan shared many features with Gallo-Romance, diverging from Old Occitan between the 11th and 14th centuries."}], ["Menjelang abad ke-9, bahasa Catalan telah berkembang dari bahasa Latin Vulgar di kedua-dua belah bahagian timur Pyrenees, serta wilayah wilayah Roman Hispania Tarraconensis di selatan. Dari kurun ke-8 dan seterusnya, kiraan Catalan meluaskan wilayah mereka ke arah selatan dan barat dengan perbelanjaan kaum muslimin, membawa bahasa mereka dengan mereka. Proses ini diberikan dorongan muktamad dengan pemisahan County Barcelona dari Empayar Carolingian pada tahun 988. <> Bahasa apa bahasa Katalan turun dari? || Vulgar Latin <> Ketika Catalan menutupi ujung timur Pyrenees? || Abad ke-9 <> Selain Pyrenees, kawasan apa yang Catalan ditutup pada abad ke-9? || Hispania Tarraconensis <> Yang meluaskan wilayah mereka dan penggunaan bahasa Catalan pada abad ke-8? || Catalan mengira <> Bilakah County Barcelona berpisah dari Empayar Carolengian? || 988", {"qas": [{"question": "What language did Catalan descend from?", "id": "56e129a7cd28a01900c6766f", "answers": [{"text": "Vulgar Latin", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When had Catalan covered the eastern end of the Pyrenees?", "id": "56e129a7cd28a01900c67670", "answers": [{"text": "9th century", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides the Pyrenees, what area had Catalan covered by the 9th century?", "id": "56e129a7cd28a01900c67671", "answers": [{"text": "Hispania Tarraconensis", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who broadened their territory and the use of Catalan in the 8th century?", "id": "56e129a7cd28a01900c67672", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan counts", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the County of Barcelona separate from the Carolengian Empire?", "id": "56e129a7cd28a01900c67673", "answers": [{"text": "988", "answer_start": 481}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south. From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the Muslims, bringing their language with them. This process was given definitive impetus with the separation of the County of Barcelona from the Carolingian Empire in 988."}], ["Pada abad ke-11 dan ke-12, penguasa Catalan berkembang ke utara sungai Ebro, dan pada abad ke-13 mereka menaklukkan Tanah Valencia dan Kepulauan Balearic. Bandar Alghero di Sardinia telah diisi semula dengan penceramah Catalan pada abad ke-14. Bahasa ini juga mencapai Murcia, yang menjadi bahasa Sepanyol pada abad ke-15. <> Bilakah pemerintah Katalan meluaskan wilayah mereka ke utara Sungai Ebro? || Abad ke-11 dan ke-12 <> Bilakah penguasa Catalan mengambil alih Valencia dan Kepulauan Balearic? || Abad ke-13 <> Apabila bahasa Catalan mencapai Sardinia? || Abad ke-14 <> Dimana bahasa Catalan dicapai pada abad ke-15? || Murcia <> Bilakah Murcia menjadi bahasa Sepanyol? || Abad ke-15", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Catalan rulers broaden their territory to north of the Ebro River?", "id": "56e132ebcd28a01900c67697", "answers": [{"text": "11th and 12th centuries", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Catalan rulers take over Valencia and the Balearic Islands?", "id": "56e132ebcd28a01900c67698", "answers": [{"text": "13th century", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When Catalan reach Sardinia?", "id": "56e132ebcd28a01900c67699", "answers": [{"text": "14th century", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Catalan language reach in the 15th century?", "id": "56e132ebcd28a01900c6769a", "answers": [{"text": "Murcia", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Murcia become Spanish speaking?", "id": "56e132ebcd28a01900c6769b", "answers": [{"text": "15th century", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the 11th and 12th centuries the Catalan rulers expanded up to north of the Ebro river, and in the 13th century they conquered the Land of Valencia and the Balearic Islands. The city of Alghero in Sardinia was repopulated with Catalan speakers in the 14th century. The language also reached Murcia, which became Spanish-speaking in the 15th century."}], ["Dalam Abad Pertengahan Rendah, bahasa Catalan mengalami zaman keemasan, mencapai kematangan kematangan dan kekayaan budaya. Contoh-contohnya termasuk kerja-kerja Polymath Majorcan Ramon Llull (1232-1315), Empat Great Chronicles (abad ke-13 dan ke-14), dan puisi puisi Valencian berpuncak di Ausi\u00e0s March (1397-1459). Menjelang abad ke-15, bandar Valencia telah menjadi pusat sosiokultural Mahkota Aragon, dan Catalan hadir di seluruh dunia Mediterranean. Dalam tempoh ini, Royal Chancery menyebarkan bahasa yang sangat standard. Catalan digunakan secara meluas sebagai bahasa rasmi di Sicily sehingga abad ke-15, dan di Sardinia sehingga ke-17. Dalam tempoh ini, bahasa itu adalah istilah Costa Carreras \"salah satu bahasa yang 'besar' Eropah abad pertengahan\". <> Bilakah zaman kegemilangan Catalan? || Zaman Pertengahan Rendah <> Di manakah pusat Mahkota Aragon? || kota Valencia <> Apakah bahasa rasmi Sicily sehingga abad ke-15? || Bahasa Catalan <> Sehingga abad yang mana bahasa Katalan digunakan sebagai bahasa rasmi di Sardinia? || 17th <> Yang memanggil bahasa Catalan salah satu bahasa yang hebat? || Costa Carreras", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the golden age of Catalan?", "id": "56e134e9cd28a01900c676ab", "answers": [{"text": "Low Middle Ages", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the center of the Crown of Aragon?", "id": "56e134e9cd28a01900c676ac", "answers": [{"text": "city of Valencia", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the official language of Sicily until the 15th century?", "id": "56e134e9cd28a01900c676ad", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Until what century was Catalan used as the official language in Sardinia?", "id": "56e134e9cd28a01900c676ae", "answers": [{"text": "17th", "answer_start": 657}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who called Catalan one of the great languages?", "id": "56e134e9cd28a01900c676af", "answers": [{"text": "Costa Carreras", "answer_start": 705}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the Low Middle Ages, Catalan went through a golden age, reaching a peak of maturity and cultural richness. Examples include the work of Majorcan polymath Ramon Llull (1232\u20131315), the Four Great Chronicles (13th\u201314th centuries), and the Valencian school of poetry culminating in Ausi\u00e0s March (1397\u20131459). By the 15th century, the city of Valencia had become the sociocultural center of the Crown of Aragon, and Catalan was present all over the Mediterranean world. During this period, the Royal Chancery propagated a highly standardized language. Catalan was widely used as an official language in Sicily until the 15th century, and in Sardinia until the 17th. During this period, the language was what Costa Carreras terms \"one of the 'great languages' of medieval Europe\"."}], ["Askripsi bahasa Catalan ke cabang bahasa Gallo-Romance Occitano-Romance tidak dikongsi oleh semua ahli bahasa dan ahli filologi, terutamanya di kalangan orang Sepanyol, seperti Ram\u00f3n Men\u00e9ndez Pidal. <> Kepada apa cawangan bahasa Gallo Romance yang Catalan dikaitkan? || Occitano-Romance <> Yang tidak setuju dengan meletakkan Catalan di cawangan Occitano-Romance? || ahli bahasa <> macam mana ahli bahasa tidak suka meletakkan bahasa Catalan dalam kategori Occitano-Romance? || Orang Sepanyol", {"qas": [{"question": "To what branch of Gallo-Romance languages is Catalan attributed?", "id": "56e1573fe3433e1400422ddf", "answers": [{"text": "Occitano-Romance", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who disagrees with putting Catalan in the Occitano-Romance branch?", "id": "56e1573fe3433e1400422de1", "answers": [{"text": "linguists", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of linguists do not like placing Catalan in the Occitano-Romance category?", "id": "56e1573fe3433e1400422de2", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish ones", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The ascription of Catalan to the Occitano-Romance branch of Gallo-Romance languages is not shared by all linguists and philologists, particularly among Spanish ones, such as Ram\u00f3n Men\u00e9ndez Pidal."}], ["Penurunan Catalan terus berleluasa pada abad ke-16 dan ke-17. Kekalahan Catalan dalam Perang Suara Sepanyol (1714) telah memulakan beberapa langkah yang memaksakan penggunaan bahasa Sepanyol dalam dokumentasi undang-undang. <> Apa yang merosot pada abad ke-16 dan ke-17? || Bahasa Catalan <> Di manakah bahasa Catalan mengalami kekalahan? || Perang Suara Sepanyol <> Kapan peperangan Pengganti Sepanyol? || 1714 <> Apa perang di 1714 mandat sebagai bahasa yang betul dalam dokumentasi? || Bahasa Sepanyol <> Siapa yang kalah dalam Perang Suara Sepanyol? || Catalan", {"qas": [{"question": "What declined in the 16th and 17th centuries?", "id": "56e14afacd28a01900c67751", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Catalan experience defeat?", "id": "56e14afacd28a01900c67752", "answers": [{"text": "War of Spanish Succession", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the war of Spanish Succession?", "id": "56e14afacd28a01900c67753", "answers": [{"text": "1714", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the war in 1714 mandate as the proper language in documentation?", "id": "56e14afacd28a01900c67754", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was defeated in the War of Spanish Succession?", "id": "56e14afacd28a01900c67755", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The decline of Catalan continued in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Catalan defeat in the War of Spanish Succession (1714) initiated a series of measures imposing the use of Spanish in legal documentation."}], ["Di wilayah Catalan Alicante digantikan oleh Sepanyol, dan di Alghero oleh Itali. Terdapat juga sikap diglossik yang berakar terhadap Catalan di Komuniti Valencia, Ibiza, dan sedikit lebih jauh, di seluruh pulau Balearic. <> Apakah bahasa Catalan digantikan oleh di Alicante? || Bahasa Sepanyol <> Apakah bahasa Catalan digantikan oleh di Alghero? || Itali <> Apakah sikap anti-Katalan di Valencia dan Ibiza? || Sikap diglossik berakar <> Apakah ungkapan lain untuk sikap dwibahasa? || sikap menggali <> Apakah Sepanyol menggantikan di wilayah Alicante? || Catalan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Catalan being supplanted by in Alicante?", "id": "56e154e5cd28a01900c677e5", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Catalan being replaced by in Alghero?", "id": "56e154e5cd28a01900c677e6", "answers": [{"text": "Italian", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the anti-Catalan attitudes in Valencia and Ibiza?", "id": "56e154e5cd28a01900c677e7", "answers": [{"text": "ingrained diglossic attitudes", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another expression for bilingual attitudes?", "id": "56e154e5cd28a01900c677e8", "answers": [{"text": "diglossic attitudes", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Spanish replacing in Alicante province?", "id": "56e154e5cd28a01900c677e9", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the Alicante province Catalan is being replaced by Spanish, and in Alghero by Italian. There are also well ingrained diglossic attitudes against Catalan in the Valencian Community, Ibiza, and to a lesser extent, in the rest of the Balearic islands."}], ["Menurut Ethnologue, persamaan leksikal antara bahasa Catalan dan bahasa Romantik lain adalah: 87% dengan bahasa Itali; 85% dengan bahasa Portugis; 80% dengan bahasa Sepanyol; 76% dengan Ladin; 75% dengan Sardinian; dan 73% dengan bahasa Romania. <> Apakah kesamaan antara Bahasa Catalan dan Bahasa Itali? || 87% <> Hoe serupa Bahasa Catalan ke Bahasa Portugis? || 85% <> Apakah hubungan peratus Bahasa Catalan ke Bahasa Sepanyol? || 80% <> Apakah persamaan hubungan dengan Ladin? || 76% <> Bagaimana berkaitan dengan Sardinia ke Catalan? || 75%", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the similarity between Catalan and Italian?", "id": "56e165e5e3433e1400422e88", "answers": [{"text": "87%", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Hoe similar is Catalan to Portuguese?", "id": "56e165e5e3433e1400422e89", "answers": [{"text": "85%", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the percent relationship of Catalan to Spanish?", "id": "56e165e5e3433e1400422e8a", "answers": [{"text": "80%", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the relationship similarity to Ladin?", "id": "56e165e5e3433e1400422e8b", "answers": [{"text": "76%", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How related is Sardinian to Catalan?", "id": "56e165e5e3433e1400422e8c", "answers": [{"text": "75%", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to Ethnologue, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese; 80% with Spanish; 76% with Ladin; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian."}], ["Di Andorra, bahasa Catalan selalu menjadi bahasa rasmi tunggal. Memandangkan pengisytiharan perlembagaan 1993, beberapa polisi Andorenisasi telah dikuatkuasakan, seperti pendidikan sederhana Catalan. <> Di mana bahasa Catalan selalu menjadi satu-satunya bahasa? || Andorra <> Bilakah perlembagaan Andorran dihasilkan? || 1993 <> Apa dasar yang dikuatkuasakan oleh Andorra? || Dasar Andorranization <> Apakah polisi sekolah Andorran? || Pendidikan bahasa Catalan <> Apa satu-satunya bahasa Andorra? || Catalan", {"qas": [{"question": "Where has Catalan always been the only language?", "id": "56e15083e3433e1400422daa", "answers": [{"text": "Andorra", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Andorran constitution produced?", "id": "56e15083e3433e1400422dab", "answers": [{"text": "1993", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What policies are the Andorrans enforcing?", "id": "56e15083e3433e1400422dac", "answers": [{"text": "Andorranization policies", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an Andorran school policy?", "id": "56e15083e3433e1400422dad", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan medium education", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the only language of Andorra?", "id": "56e15083e3433e1400422dae", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Andorra, Catalan has always been the sole official language. Since the promulgation of the 1993 constitution, several Andorranization policies have been enforced, like Catalan medium education."}], ["Bahasa Catalan mempunyai pelbagai persamaan dengan jenis linguistik yang terdapat dalam istilah bahasa Occitan (lihat juga perbezaan antara bahasa Occitan dan Catalan dan bahasa Gallo-Romance). Oleh itu, seperti yang diharapkan dari bahasa yang berkait rapat, bahasa Catalan hari ini berkongsi banyak ciri dengan bahasa-bahasa Romantik yang lain. <> Apakah jenis Catalan? || Bahasa Occitan <> Apakah tahap keserupaan dengan bahasa Occitan dan Gallo-Romance? || pelbagai peringkat <> Apa yang ada di samping darjah persamaan dengan Occitan? || perbezaan <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh Catalans dengan bahasa-bahasa Romantik yang lain? || banyak ciri-ciri <> Mengapa bahasa Catalonia berkongsi banyak ciri dengan bahasa-bahasa Romantik yang lain? || berkait rapat", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Catalan a variety of?", "id": "56e162f1e3433e1400422e4e", "answers": [{"text": "Occitan language", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the degrees of similarity with Occitan and Gallo-Romance languages?", "id": "56e162f1e3433e1400422e4f", "answers": [{"text": "varying degrees", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are there besides degrees of similarity with Occitan?", "id": "56e162f1e3433e1400422e50", "answers": [{"text": "differences", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Catalan share with other Romance languages?", "id": "56e162f1e3433e1400422e51", "answers": [{"text": "many traits", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why does Catalan share many traits with other Romance languages?", "id": "56e162f1e3433e1400422e52", "answers": [{"text": "closely related", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Catalan bears varying degrees of similarity to the linguistic varieties subsumed under the cover term Occitan language (see also differences between Occitan and Catalan and Gallo-Romance languages). Thus, as it should be expected from closely related languages, Catalan today shares many traits with other Romance languages."}], ["Catalan berkongsi ciri-ciri yang banyak dengan bahasa-bahasa Romawi yang berdekatan (Itali, Sardinia, Occitania, dan Sepanyol). Walau bagaimanapun, walaupun kebanyakannya terletak di Semenanjung Iberia, bahasa Catalan telah menandakan perbezaan dengan kumpulan Ibero-Romance (bahasa Sepanyol dan Portugis) dari segi sebutan, tatabahasa, dan terutama perbendaharaan kata; menunjukkan sebaliknya pertalian yang paling dekat dengan Occitan dan sedikitnya Gallo-Romance (Perancis, Franco-Proven\u00e7al, Gallo-Italian). <> Apa yang dikatakan Catalans dengan bahasa-bahasa Romantik berdekatan? || banyak ciri <> Di mana bahasa Catalan kebanyakannya terletak? || Semenanjung Iberia <> Sebutan apa yang Catalan berbeza daripada? || Ibero-Romance group <> Apakah contoh Ibero-Romance bahasa? || Bahasa Sepanyol dan Portugis <> Kepada kumpulan apa yang Catalan paling dekat? || Occitan", {"qas": [{"question": "What does Catalan share with nearby Romance languages?", "id": "56e16494e3433e1400422e74", "answers": [{"text": "many traits", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Catalan language mostly located?", "id": "56e16494e3433e1400422e75", "answers": [{"text": "Iberian Peninsula", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In pronunciation what is Catalan different from?", "id": "56e16494e3433e1400422e76", "answers": [{"text": "Ibero-Romance group", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are examples of Ibero-Romance languages?", "id": "56e16494e3433e1400422e77", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish and Portuguese", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what group is Catalan most closely related?", "id": "56e16494e3433e1400422e78", "answers": [{"text": "Occitan", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Catalan shares many traits with the other neighboring Romance languages (Italian, Sardinian, Occitan, and Spanish). However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan has marked differences with the Ibero-Romance group (Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of pronunciation, grammar, and especially vocabulary; showing instead its closest affinity with Occitan and to a lesser extent Gallo-Romance (French, Franco-Proven\u00e7al, Gallo-Italian)."}], ["Walau bagaimanapun, pada abad ke-19 menyaksikan kebangkitan kesusasteraan Katalan (Renaixen\u00e7a), yang terus berlanjut sampai sekarang. Tempoh ini bermula dengan Ode Aribau ke Tanah Air (1833); diikuti pada separuh kedua abad ke-19, dan awal 20 oleh karya Verdaguer (puisi), Oller (novel realis), dan Guimer\u00e0 (drama). <> Apa yang dihasilkan abad ke-19 dalam kesusasteraan Catalan? || kebangkitan <> Apa itu Renaixenca? || Kebangkitan sastera Katalan <> Bilakah Aribau menulis Ode ke Tanah Air? || 1833 <> Bilakah masa pemulihan ini bermula? || 1833 <> Dalam abad apakah Vedaguer, Oller, dan Guimera? || awal 20hb", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the 19th century produce in Catalan literature?", "id": "56e14cd0e3433e1400422d7e", "answers": [{"text": "revival", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Renaixenca?", "id": "56e14cd0e3433e1400422d7f", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan literary revival", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Aribau write Ode to the Homeland?", "id": "56e14cd0e3433e1400422d80", "answers": [{"text": "1833", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did this revival period begin?", "id": "56e14cd0e3433e1400422d81", "answers": [{"text": "1833", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did Vedaguer, Oller, and Guimera wrte?", "id": "56e14cd0e3433e1400422d82", "answers": [{"text": "early 20th", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In parallel, however, the 19th century saw a Catalan literary revival (Renaixen\u00e7a), which has continued up to the present day. This period starts with Aribau's Ode to the Homeland (1833); followed in the second half of the 19th century, and the early 20th by the work of Verdaguer (poetry), Oller (realist novel), and Guimer\u00e0 (drama)."}], ["Sebaliknya, terdapat beberapa proses peralihan bahasa yang sedang berlaku. Di Catalonia Utara, bahasa Catalan mengikuti trend yang sama dengan bahasa minoriti Perancis yang lain, dengan kebanyakan penutur aslinya berusia 60 tahun atau lebih tua (sehingga tahun 2004). Bahasa Catalan dipelajari sebagai bahasa asing sebanyak 30% daripada pelajar pendidikan rendah, dan sebanyak 15% dari sekolah menengah. Persatuan kebudayaan La Bressola mempromosikan rangkaian sekolah yang dikendalikan masyarakat yang terlibat dalam program perendaman bahasa Catalan. <> Peralihan macam apa yang berlaku di kawasan berbahasa Catalan? || proses peralihan bahasa <> Berapa lama kebanyakan penutur bahasa asli di utara Catalonia? || 60 atau lebih tua <> Bilakah ia menentukan bahawa kebanyakan penutur asli di Perancis adalah 60 atau lebih tua? || 2004 <> Berapa peratus daripada pelajar sekolah rendah belajar bahasa Catalan sebagai bahasa asing? || 30% <> Apa 15% pelajar sekolah menengah belajar sebagai bahasa asing? || Catalan", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of  shifts are taking place in Catalan speaking areas?", "id": "56e152ace3433e1400422dba", "answers": [{"text": "language shift processes", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old are most of the native language speakers in northern Catalonia?", "id": "56e152ace3433e1400422dbb", "answers": [{"text": "60 or older", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was it determined that most native speakers in France are 60 or older?", "id": "56e152ace3433e1400422dbc", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of primary students study Catalan as a foreign language?", "id": "56e152ace3433e1400422dbd", "answers": [{"text": "30%", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do 15% of secondary school students study as a foreign language?", "id": "56e152ace3433e1400422dbe", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On the other hand, there are several language shift processes currently taking place. In Northern Catalonia, Catalan has followed the same trend as the other minority languages of France, with most of its native speakers being 60 or older (as of 2004). Catalan is studied as a foreign language by 30% of the primary education students, and by 15% of the secondary. The cultural association La Bressola promotes a network of community-run schools engaged in Catalan language immersion programs."}], ["Sejak peralihan Sepanyol ke demokrasi (1975-1982), bahasa Catalan telah diinstitusikan sebagai bahasa rasmi, bahasa pendidikan, dan bahasa media massa; semuanya telah menyumbang kepada peningkatan prestijnya. Di Catalonia, tidak ada selari dengan komuniti ucapan yang besar, dwibahasa, Eropah, bukan negeri. Pengajaran bahasa Catalan adalah wajib di semua sekolah, tetapi adalah mungkin untuk menggunakan bahasa Sepanyol untuk belajar dalam sistem pendidikan awam Catalonia dalam dua situasi, jika guru yang diberikan kepada kelas memilih untuk menggunakan bahasa Spanyol, atau semasa proses pembelajaran satu atau beberapa pelajar yang baru tiba. Terdapat juga peralihan antara generasi ke arah Catalan. <> Sejak peralihan bahasa apakah yang telah diproklamasikan wajib di sekolah? || Bahasa Catalan <> Di mana pengajaran bahasa mandarin wajib? || di semua sekolah <> Sejak peralihan, apakah bahasa rasmi? || Bahasa Catalan <> Selain sebagai bahasa rasmi dan pendidikan, di mana lagi bahasa Catalan yang dipilih? || media massa", {"qas": [{"question": "Since the transition what language has been proclaimed mandatory in schools?", "id": "56e14ee1cd28a01900c67798", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the teaching of Catalan mandatory?", "id": "56e14ee1cd28a01900c67799", "answers": [{"text": "in all schools", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Since the transition, what is the official language?", "id": "56e14ee1cd28a01900c6779a", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides as an official  and an educational language, where else is Catalan the prefered language?", "id": "56e14ee1cd28a01900c6779b", "answers": [{"text": "mass media", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975\u20131982), Catalan has been institutionalizated as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. In Catalonia, there is no parallel of a large, bilingual, European, non-state speech community. The teaching of Catalan is mandatory in all schools, but it is possible to use Spanish for studying in the public education system of Catalonia in two situations, if the teacher assigned to a class chooses to use Spanish, or during the learning process of one or some recently arrived students.  There is also some intergenerational shift towards Catalan."}], ["Berbeza dengan bahasa-bahasa Romantik lain, bahasa Catalan mempunyai banyak kata monosilabik; dan yang berakhir dengan pelbagai konsonan dan beberapa kelompok konsonan. Juga, Catalan mempunyai penyisihan obstruktif terakhir, dengan itu memaparkan banyak gandingan seperti amic \"(teman lelaki\") vs amiga (\"teman wanita\"). <> Bagaimana bahasa Catalan berbeza dari bahasa-bahasa Romantik yang lain? || banyak kata-kata monosyllabic <> Apa jenis pengakhiran apa kata Catalan? || cluster consonant <> Apa jenis penyisihan akhir yang dimiliki bahasa? || obstruent <> Apa kata banyak perkataan? || gereja", {"qas": [{"question": "How is Catalan different from other Romance languages?", "id": "56e176e4cd28a01900c67983", "answers": [{"text": "many monosyllabic words", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other type of endings do Catalan words have?", "id": "56e176e4cd28a01900c67985", "answers": [{"text": "consonant clusters", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of final devoicing does the language have?", "id": "56e176e4cd28a01900c67986", "answers": [{"text": "obstruent", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do many words feature?", "id": "56e176e4cd28a01900c67987", "answers": [{"text": "couplets", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In contrast with other Romance languages, Catalan has many monosyllabic words; and those ending in a wide variety of consonants and some consonant clusters. Also, Catalan has final obstruent devoicing, thus featuring many couplets like amic \"(male friend\") vs. amiga (\"female friend\")."}], ["Terletak di antara dua blok linguistik besar (Ibero-Romance dan Gallo-Romance), Catalan mempunyai banyak pilihan leksikal yang unik, seperti enyorar \"untuk melepaskan seseorang\", apaivagar \"untuk menenangkan seseorang\", atau rebutjar \"menolak\". <> Apakah blok bahasa Catalan terletak di antara? || Ibero-Romance and Gallo-Romance <> Apa jenis pilihan linguistik yang ada di Catalan? || unik <> Apa jenis pilihan unik yang ada di Catalan? || leksikal <> Apakah bahasa Catalan boleh terlepas? || enyorar", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the linguistic blocks Catalan lies between?", "id": "56e170dbcd28a01900c67940", "answers": [{"text": "Ibero-Romance and Gallo-Romance", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of linguistic choices does Catalan have?", "id": "56e170dbcd28a01900c67941", "answers": [{"text": "unique", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of unique choices does Catalan have?", "id": "56e170dbcd28a01900c67942", "answers": [{"text": "lexical", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Catalan to miss somebody?", "id": "56e170dbcd28a01900c67943", "answers": [{"text": "enyorar", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Situated between two large linguistic blocks (Ibero-Romance and Gallo-Romance), Catalan has many unique lexical choices, such as enyorar \"to miss somebody\", apaivagar \"to calm down somebody\", or rebutjar \"reject\"."}], ["Catalan Tengah dianggap sebagai sebutan standard bahasa tersebut. Penerangan di bawah ini kebanyakannya untuk pelbagai ini. Untuk perbezaan sebutan dialek yang berlainan, lihat bahagian sebutan dialek dalam artikel ini. <> Apakah sebutan standard bahasa Catalan? || Catalan Tengah <> Apakah Catalan Tengah? || sebutan piawai <> Apakah perihalan untuk? || sebutan piawai <> Di manakah anda mencari sebutan dialek yang berbeza? || sebutan sebutan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the standard pronunciation of Catalan?", "id": "56e1784ee3433e1400422f66", "answers": [{"text": "Central Catalan", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Central Catalan?", "id": "56e1784ee3433e1400422f67", "answers": [{"text": "standard pronunciation", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the descriptions for?", "id": "56e1784ee3433e1400422f68", "answers": [{"text": "standard pronunciation", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do you look for the pronunciation of different dialects?", "id": "56e1784ee3433e1400422f69", "answers": [{"text": "section pronunciation", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language. The descriptions below are mostly for this variety. For the differences in pronunciation of the different dialects, see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article."}], ["Di Catalan Tengah, huruf vokal yang tidak ditekankan dapat dikurangkan kepada tiga: / a e \u025b /> [\u0259]; / o \u0254 u /> [u]; / i / tetap berbeza. Dialek lain mempunyai proses pengurangan vokal yang berbeza (lihat sebutan seksyen dialek dalam artikel ini). <> Berapa banyak dikurangkan yang tidak ditekan adalah huruf vokal yang ada di Catalan Tengah? || tiga <> vokal apa yang tetap berbeza? || / i / <> Apakah jenis proses vokal yang mempunyai dialek lain? || berbeza <> Di mana anda dapati pengurangan vokal dialektik? || sebutan sebutan", {"qas": [{"question": "How many  reduced unstressed are vowels are there in Central Catalan?", "id": "56e17b08cd28a01900c679ab", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What vowel stays distinct?", "id": "56e17b08cd28a01900c679ac", "answers": [{"text": "/i/", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of vowel processes do other dialects have?", "id": "56e17b08cd28a01900c679ad", "answers": [{"text": "different", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do you find dialectic vowel reductions?", "id": "56e17b08cd28a01900c679af", "answers": [{"text": "section pronunciation", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Central Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e \u025b/ > [\u0259]; /o \u0254 u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. The other dialects have different vowel reduction processes (see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article)."}], ["Catalan telah mewarisi sistem vokal tipikal Vulgar Latin, dengan tujuh fonem menekankan: / a \u025b e i \u0254 o u /, ciri umum dalam Rom Barat, kecuali bahasa Sepanyol. Balearic juga mempunyai contoh stres / \u0259 /. Dialek berbeza dalam tahap pengurangan vokal yang berbeza, dan kejadian pasangan / \u025b e /. <> Di manakah Catalan mendapatkan sistem vokalnya? || Vulgar Latin <> Berapa banyak fenomena yang ditekankan di sana? || tujuh <> Di mana ini ciri biasa? || Romantik Barat <> Apa pengecualian terhadap ciri umum ini? || Bahasa Sepanyol <> Apa yang berbeza dalam pengurangan vokal? || Dialek", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does Catalan get its vowel system?", "id": "56e17976e3433e1400422f6e", "answers": [{"text": "Vulgar Latin", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many stressed phenoms are there?", "id": "56e17976e3433e1400422f6f", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is this a common feature?", "id": "56e17976e3433e1400422f70", "answers": [{"text": "Western Romance", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the exception to this common characteristic?", "id": "56e17976e3433e1400422f71", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What differs in vowel reduction?", "id": "56e17976e3433e1400422f72", "answers": [{"text": "Dialects", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Catalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a \u025b e i \u0254 o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /\u0259/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the pair /\u025b e/."}], ["Wilayah-wilayah ini kadang-kadang disebut sebagai Pa\u00efsos Catalans (Negara Catalan), denominasi berdasarkan pertalian budaya dan warisan umum, yang juga mempunyai interpretasi politik berikutnya tetapi tidak ada status resmi. Pelbagai tafsiran istilah ini mungkin termasuk beberapa atau semua rantau ini. <> Apakah Paisos Catalans || Negara Catalan <> Apakah penentuan itu berdasarkan? || pertalian kebudayaan dan warisan yang sama <> Status apakah negara Catalan? || tiada status rasmi <> Apakah tafsiran istilah ini? || Pelbagai tafsiran <> Apakah istilah untuk Negara Catalan? || Pa\u00efsos Catalans", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the Paisos Catalans", "id": "56e17248cd28a01900c67949", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan Countries", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is that determination based on?", "id": "56e17248cd28a01900c6794a", "answers": [{"text": "cultural affinity and common heritage", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What status does Catalan Countries have?", "id": "56e17248cd28a01900c6794b", "answers": [{"text": "no official status", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the interpretation of the term?", "id": "56e17248cd28a01900c6794c", "answers": [{"text": "Various interpretations", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term for Catalan Countries?", "id": "56e17248cd28a01900c6794d", "answers": [{"text": "Pa\u00efsos Catalans", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "These territories are sometimes referred to as the Pa\u00efsos Catalans (Catalan Countries), a denomination based on cultural affinity and common heritage, that has also had a subsequent political interpretation but no official status. Various interpretations of the term may include some or all of these regions."}], ["Sepanjang sejarahnya, dan terutamanya semasa pemerintahan diktator Francois (1939-1975), bahasa Catalan sering direndahkan sebagai dialek bahasa Sepanyol semata-mata. Pandangan ini, berdasarkan pertimbangan politik dan ideologi, tidak mempunyai kesahan linguistik. Bahasa Sepanyol dan Bahasa Catalan mempunyai perbezaan penting dalam sistem bunyi, leksikon, dan tatabahasa mereka, meletakkan bahasa dalam beberapa hal lebih dekat dengan bahasa Occitan (dan Perancis). <> Apa yang sering dipertimbangkan oleh bahasa Catalan? || dialek Bahasa Sepanyol <> Semasa apa diktator dikatakan sebagai dialek? || Francoist", {"qas": [{"question": "What has Catalan often been considered?", "id": "56e167b2e3433e1400422ea6", "answers": [{"text": "dialect of Spanish", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what dictatorship was Catalan considered a dialect?", "id": "56e167b2e3433e1400422ea7", "answers": [{"text": "Francoist", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During much of its history, and especially during the Francoist dictatorship (1939\u20131975), the Catalan language has often been degraded as a mere dialect of Spanish. This view, based on political and ideological considerations, has no linguistic validity. Spanish and Catalan have important differences in their sound systems, lexicon, and grammatical features, placing the language in a number of respects closer to Occitan (and French). "}], ["Superstrat Jerman mempunyai hasil yang berbeza dalam Bahasa Sepanyol dan Catalan. Sebagai contoh, Catalan fang \"lumpur\" dan rostir \"untuk panggang\", berasal dari bahasa Jerman, kontras dengan bahasa Sepanyol dan asar, berasal dari bahasa Latin; manakala Catalan filosa \"roda berputar\" dan pol \"candi\", berasal dari bahasa Latin, berbeza dengan rueca dan sien Sepanyol, dari asal Jerman. <> Apakah asal bahasa unsur yang terdapat dalam bahasa Catalan dan bukan dalam bahasa Sepanyol? || Bahasa Jerman <> Apa asal-usul perkataan Sepanyol? || Asal Latin <> Apa yang mempunyai hasil yang berbeza dalam Bahasa Sepanyol dan Bahasa Catalan? || Superstrate Jerman", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the origin of language elements found in Catalan and not in Spanish?", "id": "56e16caee3433e1400422f04", "answers": [{"text": "Germanic", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the origin of some Spanish words?", "id": "56e16caee3433e1400422f05", "answers": [{"text": "Latin origin", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has different results in Spanish and Catalan?", "id": "56e16caee3433e1400422f06", "answers": [{"text": "Germanic superstrate", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Germanic superstrate has had different outcomes in Spanish and Catalan. For example, Catalan fang \"mud\" and rostir \"to roast\", of Germanic origin, contrast with Spanish lodo and asar, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan filosa \"spinning wheel\" and pols \"temple\", of Latin origin, contrast with Spanish rueca and sien, of Germanic origin."}], ["Terdapat bukti bahawa, sekurang-kurangnya dari a.d. Abad ke-2, perbendaharaan kata dan fonologi Roman Tarraconensis berbeza dari yang lain di Rom Hispania. Pembezaan telah timbul secara amnya kerana Sepanyol, Asturian, dan Galicia-Portugis berkongsi sesetengah persilangan periferal (Sepanyol hervir, Asturian / Portugis ferver vs Catalan bullir, Occitania bolir \"untuk mendidih\") dan regionalisme inovatif (Sp novillo, Ast nuviellu vs Cat torell , Oc taur\u00e8l \"bullock\"), manakala Catalan mempunyai sejarah bersama dengan teras inovatif Romance Barat, terutamanya Occitan. <> Kawasan mana yang berbeza dengan bahasa Roman Tarraconensis? || sisa Roman Hispania <> Apa cabang bahasa Catalan berkongsi sejarah dengan? || Bahasa Occitan <> Apa itu Occitan cabang? || Romantik Barat", {"qas": [{"question": "What area was Roman Tarraconensis language different from?", "id": "56e16b00cd28a01900c678d3", "answers": [{"text": "rest of Roman Hispania", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language branch did Catalan share a history with?", "id": "56e16b00cd28a01900c678d5", "answers": [{"text": "Occitan", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Occitan a branch of?", "id": "56e16b00cd28a01900c678d6", "answers": [{"text": "Western Romance", "answer_start": 507}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There is evidence that, at least from the a.d. 2nd century, the vocabulary and phonology of Roman Tarraconensis was different from the rest of Roman Hispania. Differentiation has arisen generally because Spanish, Asturian, and Galician-Portuguese share certain peripheral archaisms (Spanish hervir, Asturian/Portuguese ferver vs. Catalan bullir, Occitan bolir \"to boil\") and innovatory regionalisms (Sp novillo, Ast nuviellu vs. Cat torell, Oc taur\u00e8l \"bullock\"), while Catalan has a shared history with the Western Romance innovative core, especially Occitan."}], ["Begitu juga dengan perkataan pinjaman bahasa Arab. Oleh itu, Catalan alf\u00e0bia \"jar tembikar besar\" dan rajola \"jubin\", asal Arab, kontras dengan bahasa Sepanyol danjaja, teja, berasal dari bahasa Latin; manakala minyak \"Catalan\" minyak dan oliva \"zaitun\", berasal dari bahasa Latin, berbeza dengan bahasa Sepanyol dan aceituna. Walau bagaimanapun, unsur Arab dalam bahasa Sepanyol umumnya lebih umum. <> Unsur apa dalam bahasa Sepanyol lebih menonjol daripada dalam bahasa Catalan? || Unsur bahasa Arab <> Apa perkataan pinjaman bahasa yang terdapat dalam bahasa Sepanyol dan Bahasa Catalan? || Kata pinjaman bahasa Arab <> Di mana bahasa adalah unsur Arab yang menonjol lebih banyak? || Bahasa Sepanyol <> Di manakah perkataan alfabia berasal? || asal bahasa Arab <> Apa asalnya perkataan teja Sepanyol? || Asal Latin", {"qas": [{"question": "What element in Spanish is more prominent than in Catalan?", "id": "56e16f1dcd28a01900c67923", "answers": [{"text": "Arabic element", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language loanwords are found in both Spanish and Catalan?", "id": "56e16f1dcd28a01900c67924", "answers": [{"text": "Arabic loanwords", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which language is the Arabic element stand out more?", "id": "56e16f1dcd28a01900c67925", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the Catalan word alfabia come from?", "id": "56e16f1dcd28a01900c67926", "answers": [{"text": "of Arabic origin", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the origin of the Spanish word teja?", "id": "56e16f1dcd28a01900c67927", "answers": [{"text": "Latin origin", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The same happens with Arabic loanwords. Thus, Catalan alf\u00e0bia \"large earthenware jar\" and rajola \"tile\", of Arabic origin, contrast with Spanish tinaja and teja, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan oli \"oil\" and oliva \"olive\", of Latin origin, contrast with Spanish aceite and aceituna. However, the Arabic element in Spanish is generally much more prevalent."}], ["Catalan Barat terdiri daripada dua dialek Catalan Barat Laut dan Valencian; blok Timur terdiri daripada empat dialek: Catalan Tengah, Balearic, Rossellonese, dan Alguerese. Setiap dialek boleh dibahagikan lagi dalam beberapa subdialek. <> Apa dua dialek yang digunakan oleh Western Catalan? || Catalan Barat Laut dan Valencian <> Berapa banyak dialek di dalam kumpulan timur? || empat <> Untuk bahagian apa yang dikatakan oleh Catalan Tengah? || Blok Timur <> Apakah bahagian-bahagian lain boleh dibuat dialek? || subdialek <> Blok apa yang dimiliki oleh Catalan Barat Laut dan Valencian? || Catalan Barat", {"qas": [{"question": "What two dialects does Western Catalan include?", "id": "56e188e4cd28a01900c679bf", "answers": [{"text": "Northwestern Catalan and Valencian", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many dialects are in the eastern group?", "id": "56e188e4cd28a01900c679c0", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what division does Central Catalan belong?", "id": "56e188e4cd28a01900c679c1", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern block", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other divisions can be made of dialects?", "id": "56e188e4cd28a01900c679c2", "answers": [{"text": "subdialects", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What block does Northwestern Catalan and Valencian belong to?", "id": "56e188e4cd28a01900c679c3", "answers": [{"text": "Western Catalan", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Western Catalan comprises the two dialects of Northwestern Catalan and Valencian; the Eastern block comprises four dialects: Central Catalan, Balearic, Rossellonese, and Alguerese. Each dialect can be further subdivided in several subdialects."}], ["Catalan Tengah dianggap sebagai sebutan standard bahasa dan mempunyai bilangan penceramah tertinggi. Ia bercakap di kawasan padat penduduk di wilayah Barcelona, separuh timur wilayah Tarragona, dan kebanyakan wilayah Girona. <> Apa yang merangkumi sebutan standard Catalan? || Central Catalan <> Di mana penceramah paling ditemui? || Catalan Tengah <> Dalam kawasan yang padat penduduknya bercakap? || Wilayah Barcelona <> Apa bahagian wilayah Tarragona adalah bahasa Catalonia Tengah? || setengah timur", {"qas": [{"question": "What comprises the standard pronunciation of Catalan?", "id": "56e18a90e3433e1400422faa", "answers": [{"text": "Central Catalan", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are the most speakers found?", "id": "56e18a90e3433e1400422fab", "answers": [{"text": "Central Catalan", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what densely populated area is it spoken?", "id": "56e18a90e3433e1400422fac", "answers": [{"text": "Barcelona province", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of the province of Tarragona is Central Catalan spoken?", "id": "56e18a90e3433e1400422fae", "answers": [{"text": "eastern half", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language and has the highest number of speakers. It is spoken in the densely populated regions of the Barcelona province, the eastern half of the province of Tarragona, and most of the province of Girona."}], ["Di Catalan Timur (kecuali Majorcan), huruf vokal yang tidak ditekankan dapat dikurangkan kepada tiga: / a e \u025b /> [\u0259]; / o \u0254 u /> [u]; / i / tetap berbeza. Terdapat beberapa contoh unreduced [e], [o] dalam beberapa perkataan. Alguerese telah menurunkan [\u0259] ke [a]. <> Di mana vokal yang tidak ditekankan dapat dikurangkan menjadi tiga? || Bahasa Katalan Timur <> Apakah pengecualian untuk pengurangan ini? || Majorcan <> Vokal mana yang tetap berbeza? || / i /", {"qas": [{"question": "Where do unstressed vowels reduce to three?", "id": "56e18e18cd28a01900c679c9", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern Catalan", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the exception to this reduction?", "id": "56e18e18cd28a01900c679ca", "answers": [{"text": "Majorcan", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which vowel remains distinct?", "id": "56e18e18cd28a01900c679cb", "answers": [{"text": "/i/", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e \u025b/ > [\u0259]; /o \u0254 u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [\u0259] to [a]."}], ["Catalan dipecah dalam dua blok dialektal utama: Catalan Timur, dan Catalan Barat. Perbezaan utama terletak pada rawatan a dan a; yang telah digabungkan kepada / \u0259 / dalam dialek Timur, tetapi yang kekal berbeza sebagai / a / dan / e / dalam dialek Barat. Terdapat beberapa perbezaan lain dalam sebutan, morfologi lisan, dan perbendaharaan kata. <> Apakah perbezaan utama antara kedua blok? || rawatan yang tidak tertekan a dan e <> Bagaimana huruf a dan e dalam dialek barat? || berbeza <> Apa yang ada dan dilakukan di dialek timur? || digabungkan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the major difference between the two blocks?", "id": "56e18710cd28a01900c679b7", "answers": [{"text": "treatment of unstressed a and e", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are a and e in western dialects?", "id": "56e18710cd28a01900c679b8", "answers": [{"text": "distinct", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What have a and e done in eastern dialects?", "id": "56e18710cd28a01900c679b9", "answers": [{"text": "merged", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Catalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan. The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed a and e; which have merged to /\u0259/ in Eastern dialects, but which remain distinct as /a/ and /e/ in Western dialects. There are a few other differences in pronunciation, verbal morphology, and vocabulary."}], ["Central, Western, dan Balearic berbeza dalam kejadian leksikal yang ditekankan / e / dan / \u025b /. Biasanya, kata-kata dengan / \u025b / dalam Catalan Tengah bersesuaian dengan / \u0259 / dalam Balearic dan / e / dalam Bahasa Catalonia Barat. Kata-kata dengan / e / dalam Balearic hampir selalu mempunyai / e / dalam Bahasa Catalonia Tengah dan Barat. [Kabur] Akibatnya, Catalan Tengah mempunyai kejadian lebih tinggi / e /. <> Apa bentuk yang sama / e / sebagai Tengah dan Barat? || Balearic <> Vokal apa yang ada di Central mempunyai kejadian yang lebih besar? || / e / <> Apakah hasil dari / e / yang sama di Tengah, Barat dan Belearic? || insiden yang lebih tinggi", {"qas": [{"question": "What form has the same /e/ as Central and Western?", "id": "56e19514e3433e1400422fe7", "answers": [{"text": "Balearic", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What vowel does Central have a larger occurrence of?", "id": "56e19514e3433e1400422fe8", "answers": [{"text": "/e/", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the result of /e/ being the same in Central,  Western and Belearic?", "id": "56e19514e3433e1400422fe9", "answers": [{"text": "higher incidence", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Central, Western, and Balearic differ in the lexical incidence of stressed /e/ and /\u025b/. Usually, words with /\u025b/ in Central Catalan correspond to /\u0259/ in Balearic and /e/ in Western Catalan. Words with /e/ in Balearic almost always have /e/ in Central and Western Catalan as well.[vague] As a result, Central Catalan has a much higher incidence of /e/."}], ["Dalam Majorcan, huruf vokal yang tidak ditekankan menjadi empat: / a e \u025b / ikut corak pengurangan Catalan Timur; bagaimanapun / o \u0254 / mengurangkan ke [o], dengan / u / kekal berbeza, seperti dalam bahasa Katalan Barat. <> Dalam bahasa apakah huruf vokal yang tidak ditekankan menjadi empat? || Majorcan <> Apa corak pengurangan yang mengikuti beberapa huruf vokal? || Catalan Timur <> Apakah pola lain yang mengikuti ikatan vokal lain? || Bahasa Catalan Barat <> Surat apakah yang tersendiri? || / u / <> / u / baki tersendiri seperti apa bentuk bahasa Catalan? || Catalan Barat", {"qas": [{"question": "In what language do unstressed vowels reduce to four?", "id": "56e19028e3433e1400422fbe", "answers": [{"text": "Majorcan", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What reduction pattern do some vowels follow?", "id": "56e19028e3433e1400422fbf", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern Catalan", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other pattern do other vowels follow?", "id": "56e19028e3433e1400422fc0", "answers": [{"text": "Western Catalan", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What letter remains distinct?", "id": "56e19028e3433e1400422fc1", "answers": [{"text": "/u/", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "/u/ remaining distinct is like what form of Catalan?", "id": "56e19028e3433e1400422fc2", "answers": [{"text": "Western Catalan", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e \u025b/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o \u0254/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan."}], ["Catalan telah mewarisi sistem vokal tipikal Vulgar Latin, dengan tujuh fonem menekankan: / a \u025b e i \u0254 o u /, ciri umum dalam Rom Barat, kecuali bahasa Sepanyol. Balearic juga mempunyai contoh stres / \u0259 /. Dialek berbeza dalam tahap pengurangan vokal yang berbeza, dan kejadian pasangan / \u025b e /. <> Apakah sistem vokal Catalan? || Vulgar Latin <> Berapa banyak fonem ditekankan di Catalan? || tujuh <> Di manakah sistem ini biasa? || Romantik Barat <> Bahasa apa pengecualian? || Bahasa Sepanyol <> Apakah bentuk bahasa yang berbeza dalam pengurangan vokal? || Dialek", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the vowel system of Catalan?", "id": "56e18bfbe3433e1400422fb4", "answers": [{"text": "Vulgar Latin", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many stressed phonemes are there in Catalan?", "id": "56e18bfbe3433e1400422fb5", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is this system common?", "id": "56e18bfbe3433e1400422fb6", "answers": [{"text": "Western Romance", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language is the exception?", "id": "56e18bfbe3433e1400422fb7", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language form differs in the amount of vowel reduction?", "id": "56e18bfbe3433e1400422fb8", "answers": [{"text": "Dialects", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Catalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a \u025b e i \u0254 o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /\u0259/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the pair /\u025b e/."}], ["Dalam bahasa Katalan Barat, huruf vokal yang tidak ditekankan berkurang hingga lima: / e \u025b /> [e]; / o \u0254 /> [o]; / a u i / kekal berbeza. Corak pengurangan ini, yang diwarisi dari Proto-Romance, juga ditemui dalam bahasa Itali dan Portugis. Sesetengah dialek Barat hadir pengurangan atau harmoni vokal dalam beberapa kes. <> Apakah huruf vokal yang tidak ditekankan di Catalan Barat? || lima <> huruf mana yang tetap berbeza? || / a u i / <> Di manakah pola ini berasal? || Proto-Romance <> Dalam apa bahasa lain pola ini dijumpai? || Itali dan Portugis <> Apa yang kadang-kadang menawarkan dialek Barat? || pengurangan selanjutnya", {"qas": [{"question": "What do unstressed vowels reduce to in Western Catalan?", "id": "56e19227cd28a01900c679d1", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which letters remain distinct?", "id": "56e19227cd28a01900c679d2", "answers": [{"text": "/a u i/", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did this pattern come from?", "id": "56e19227cd28a01900c679d3", "answers": [{"text": "Proto-Romance", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what other languages is this pattern found?", "id": "56e19227cd28a01900c679d4", "answers": [{"text": "Italian and Portuguese", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do other Western dialects sometimes  offer?", "id": "56e19227cd28a01900c679d5", "answers": [{"text": "further reduction", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e \u025b/ > [e]; /o \u0254/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel harmony in some cases."}], ["Dialek-dialek bahasa Catalan mempunyai keseragaman relatif, terutama jika dibandingkan dengan bahasa-bahasa Romantik yang lain; kedua-dua dari segi perbendaharaan kata, semantik, sintaks, morfologi, dan fonologi. Kecerdasan bersama antara dialek adalah sangat tinggi, anggaran antara 90% hingga 95%. Satu-satunya pengecualian adalah dialek Alguerese idiosyncratic yang terpencil. <> Apakah ciri dialek bahasa Catalan? || keseragaman <> Sebagai perbandingan dengan apa yang disebut seragam dialek? || lain Bahasa Romantik <> Apa yang tinggi di kalangan dialek? || kecerdasan <> Apakah peratusan kecerdasan antara dialek? || 90% hingga 95% <> Apa dialek adalah pengecualian kepada kecerdasan? || Alguerese", {"qas": [{"question": "What do the dialects of Catalan feature?", "id": "56e180f5e3433e1400422f96", "answers": [{"text": "uniformity", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In comparison to what are the dialects uniform?", "id": "56e180f5e3433e1400422f97", "answers": [{"text": "other Romance languages", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is high among dialects?", "id": "56e180f5e3433e1400422f98", "answers": [{"text": "intelligibility", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the percentage of intelligibility between dialects?", "id": "56e180f5e3433e1400422f99", "answers": [{"text": "90% to 95%", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What dialect is the exception to intelligibility?", "id": "56e180f5e3433e1400422f9a", "answers": [{"text": "Alguerese", "answer_start": 334}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The dialects of the Catalan language feature a relative uniformity, especially when compared to other Romance languages; both in terms of vocabulary, semantics, syntax, morphology, and phonology. Mutual intelligibility between dialects is very high, estimates ranging from 90% to 95%. The only exception is the isolated idiosyncratic Alguerese dialect."}], ["Sosiolinguistik Catalan mengkaji keadaan bahasa Katalan di dunia dan pelbagai jenis yang diberikan oleh bahasa ini. Ia adalah subdisiplin subtitle filologi Catalan dan lain-lain kajian dan telah menjadi objektif untuk menganalisis hubungan antara bahasa Catalan, penceramah dan realiti rapat (termasuk salah satu bahasa lain yang bersentuhan). <> Bidang apa yang mempelajari penempatan Catalan di dunia? || Bahasa Katolik sosiolinguistik <> Apakah kajian tentang varieti pelbagai bahasa Catalan? || Bahasa Katolik sociolinguistics <> Apakah ini subdisiplin? || Catalan filologi <> Apa yang ingin dilakukan dengan bahasa, penceramah, dan realiti? || menganalisa hubungan <> Apa yang mempengaruhi di luar kajian ini? || bahasa lain dalam hubungan", {"qas": [{"question": "What field studies the placement of Catalan in the world?", "id": "56e17f5de3433e1400422f8c", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan sociolinguistics", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the study of the differenet varieties of Catalan?", "id": "56e17f5de3433e1400422f8d", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan sociolinguistics", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is this a subdiscipline of?", "id": "56e17f5de3433e1400422f8e", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan philology", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does it want to do with the language, the speakers, and reality?", "id": "56e17f5de3433e1400422f8f", "answers": [{"text": "analyse the relation", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What outside affects does this study include?", "id": "56e17f5de3433e1400422f90", "answers": [{"text": "other languages in contact", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Catalan sociolinguistics studies the situation of Catalan in the world and the different varieties that this language presents. It is a subdiscipline of Catalan philology and other affine studies and has as an objective to analyse the relation between the Catalan language, the speakers and the close reality (including the one of other languages in contact)."}], ["Dalam kata kerja, orang pertama yang hadir ke desinen indikatif adalah -e (verba konjugasi ke-2 dan ke-3), atau -o.\nCth. parle, tem, dihantar (Valencian); parlo, temo, sento (barat laut). Dalam kata kerja, orang pertama yang hadir dalam desinence menunjukkan adalah -o, -i atau \u2205 dalam semua konjugasi.\nCth. parlo (Tengah), parl (Balearic), parli (Utara), ('saya bercakap'). <> Bahasa apa yang parle atau tem? || Valencian <> Bahasa apa yang parlo atau temo? || Northwestern <> Bahasa apa yang dimaksudkan? || Balearic <> Apakah bentuk bahasa apakah parli? || Utara", {"qas": [{"question": "What language is parle or tem ?", "id": "56e197efcd28a01900c67a0b", "answers": [{"text": "Valencian", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language  is parlo or temo ?", "id": "56e197efcd28a01900c67a0c", "answers": [{"text": "Northwestern", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language is parl?", "id": "56e197efcd28a01900c67a0d", "answers": [{"text": "Balearic", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language form is parli?", "id": "56e197efcd28a01900c67a0e", "answers": [{"text": "Northern", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -e (\u2205 in verbs of the 2nd and 3rd conjugation), or -o.\nE.g. parle, tem, sent (Valencian); parlo, temo, sento (Northwestern). In verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -o, -i or \u2205 in all conjugations.\nE.g. parlo (Central), parl (Balearic), parli (Northern), ('I speak')."}], ["Ahli bahasa, termasuk para sarjana Valencian, berurusan dengan bahasa Catalan dan Valencian sebagai bahasa yang sama. Badan pengawalseliaan rasmi bahasa Komuniti Valencia, Akademi Bahasa Valencian (Acad\u00e8mia Valenciana de la Llengua, AVL) mengumumkan perpaduan linguistik antara varietas Valencian dan Catalan. <> Bagaimana pandangan ahli bahasa Catalan dan Valencian? || sebagai bahasa yang sama <> Bagaimana cendekiawan Valencian melihat Catalan dan Valencian? || sebagai bahasa yang sama <> Apakah badan pengatur rasmi Valencian? || Akademi Bahasa Valencia <> Yang mengatakan bahawa terdapat perpaduan bahasa antara Katalan dan Valencian? || Akademi bahasa Valencian", {"qas": [{"question": "How do linguists view Catalan and Valencian?", "id": "56e1b97fcd28a01900c67ad6", "answers": [{"text": "as the same language", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do Valencian scholars view Catalan and Valencian?", "id": "56e1b97fcd28a01900c67ad7", "answers": [{"text": "as the same language", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the official regulating body of  Valencian?", "id": "56e1b97fcd28a01900c67ad8", "answers": [{"text": "the Valencian Academy of Language", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who says that there is linguistic unity between Catalan and Valencian?", "id": "56e1b97fcd28a01900c67ad9", "answers": [{"text": "Valencian Academy of Language", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Linguists, including Valencian scholars, deal with Catalan and Valencian as the same language. The official regulating body of the language of the Valencian Community, the Valencian Academy of Language (Acad\u00e8mia Valenciana de la Llengua, AVL) declares the linguistic unity between Valencian and Catalan varieties."}], ["Standard Catalan, hampir diterima oleh semua penceramah, kebanyakannya didasarkan pada bahasa Katalan Timur, yang dialek paling banyak digunakan. Walau bagaimanapun, piawaian Valencia dan Balearics mengakui bentuk alternatif, kebanyakannya tradisional, yang tidak wujud di timur Catalonia. <> Apakah standard berdasarkan? || Catalan Timur <> Apakah bentuk yang dikecualikan oleh kebanyakan pembesar suara? || Standard Catalan <> Apa bentuk bahasa yang tidak digunakan di timur Catalonia? || yang tradisional", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Standard based on?", "id": "56e19df2e3433e1400423034", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern Catalan", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What form is excepted by most speakers?", "id": "56e19df2e3433e1400423035", "answers": [{"text": "Standard Catalan", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language forms are not now used in eastern Catalonia?", "id": "56e19df2e3433e1400423037", "answers": [{"text": "traditional ones", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Standard Catalan, virtually accepted by all speakers, is mostly based on Eastern Catalan, which is the most widely used dialect. Nevertheless, the standards of Valencia and the Balearics admit alternative forms, mostly traditional ones, which are not current in eastern Catalonia."}], ["Pada tahun 2011, kerajaan Aragon meluluskan keputusan untuk penubuhan pengatur bahasa baru bahasa Catalan di La Franja (kawasan Aragon yang dikatakan bahasa Catalan). Entitas baru, yang ditetapkan sebagai Acad\u00e8mia Aragonesa del Catal\u00e0, akan membolehkan pendidikan fakultatif dalam bahasa Catalan dan penyeragaman bahasa Catalan di La Franja. <> Di mana bahasa Catalan bercakap di Aragon? || La Franja <> Kapan kerajaan Aragon mendirikan pengawas bahasa? || 2011 <> Bahasa apa yang dimaksudkan pengawal selia untuk diseragamkan? || Bahasa Catalan <> Dimana bahasa yang dikawal terletak? || La Franja", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the Catalan speaking part of Aragon?", "id": "56e1b4decd28a01900c67a8e", "answers": [{"text": "La Franja", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the government of Aragon  degree the establishment of a language regulator?", "id": "56e1b4decd28a01900c67a8f", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language is the regulator meant to standardize?", "id": "56e1b4decd28a01900c67a91", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the language to be regulated located?", "id": "56e1b4decd28a01900c67a92", "answers": [{"text": "La Franja", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2011, the Aragonese government passed a decree for the establishment of a new language regulator of Catalan in La Franja (the so-called Catalan-speaking areas of Aragon). The new entity, designated as Acad\u00e8mia Aragonesa del Catal\u00e0, shall allow a facultative education in Catalan and a standardization of the Catalan language in La Franja."}], ["Di Kepulauan Balearic, piawaian IEC digunakan tetapi disesuaikan untuk dialek Balearic oleh seksyen filologi dari Universiti Kepulauan Balearic. Contohnya, IEC mengatakan bahawa menulis cantam adalah seperti cantem ('kami menyanyi') tetapi Universiti menyatakan bahawa bentuk keutamaan di Kepulauan Balearic mestilah \"cantam\" dalam semua bidang. Satu lagi ciri piawaian Balearic adalah tidak berkesudahan dalam indikator hadir tunggal orang tunggal: jo compr ('saya beli'), jo tem ('saya takut'), jo asrama ('saya tidur'). <> Di mana piawaian IEC digunakan? || Kepulauan Balearic <> Bagaimana standard digunakan di sana? || disesuaikan untuk dialek Balearic <> Apa ciri orang pertama yang tunggal dalam piawaian Balearic? || tidak berkesudahan", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is IEC's standard used?", "id": "56e1a3cbe3433e1400423066", "answers": [{"text": "the Balearic Islands", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is the standard used there?", "id": "56e1a3cbe3433e1400423067", "answers": [{"text": "adapted for the Balearic dialect", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a first person singular  feature of the Balearic standard?", "id": "56e1a3cbe3433e1400423069", "answers": [{"text": "non-ending", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the Balearic Islands, IEC's standard is used but adapted for the Balearic dialect by the University of the Balearic Islands's philological section. In this way, for instance, IEC says it is correct writing cantam as much as cantem ('we sing') but the University says that the priority form in the Balearic Islands must be \"cantam\" in all fields. Another feature of the Balearic standard is the non-ending in the 1st person singular present indicative: jo compr ('I buy'), jo tem ('I fear'), jo dorm ('I sleep')."}], ["Dalam kata nama dan kata sifat, penyelenggaraan / n / zaman kegemilangan zaman pertengahan dalam kata-kata proparoxytone.\nCth. lelaki lelaki, pemuda j\u00f3vens '. Dalam kata nama dan kata sifat, kehilangan / n / pada zaman kegemilangan zaman pertengahan dalam kata-kata proparoxytone.\nCth. rumah lelaki ', belia' belia '. <> Di manakah anda mendapati zaman kegemilangan zaman pertengahan? || kata nama dan kata sifat <> Surat apa yang hilang dalam beberapa perkataan? || / n / <> Apabila homens kehilangan / n /, apa kata itu? || rumah <> The jovens abad pertengahan menjadi apa perkataan? || joves <> Apa jenis kata plural hilang / n /? || proparoxytone", {"qas": [{"question": "Where do you find medieval plurals?", "id": "56e19a3ee3433e1400422ff6", "answers": [{"text": "nouns and adjectives", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What letter is lost in some words?", "id": "56e19a3ee3433e1400422ff7", "answers": [{"text": "/n/", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When homens loses /n/, it becomes what word?", "id": "56e19a3ee3433e1400422ff8", "answers": [{"text": "homes", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The medieval jovens becomes what what word?", "id": "56e19a3ee3433e1400422ff9", "answers": [{"text": "joves", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of plural words lose /n/?", "id": "56e19a3ee3433e1400422ffa", "answers": [{"text": "proparoxytone", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In nouns and adjectives, maintenance of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.\nE.g. h\u00f2mens 'men', j\u00f3vens 'youth'. In nouns and adjectives, loss of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.\nE.g. homes 'men', joves 'youth'."}], ["Walaupun perpaduan leksikal relatifnya, dua blok dialektal Catalan (Timur dan Barat) menunjukkan beberapa perbezaan dalam pilihan perkataan. Mana-mana perbezaan leksikal dalam mana-mana dua kumpulan boleh dijelaskan sebagai archaism. Juga, biasanya Catalan Tengah bertindak sebagai elemen inovatif. <> Apakah dua blok perbezaan paparan Catalan dalam? || pilihan perkataan <> Bagaimana anda dapat menjelaskan perbezaan dalam kumpulan bahasa? || sebagai archaism <> Apa bentuk inovatif? || Catalan Tengah <> Apakah dua blok Catalan? || Timur dan Barat <> Apa yang diterangkan oleh arkaisme? || penyelewengan leksikal", {"qas": [{"question": "What do the two blocks of Catalan display differences in?", "id": "56e19be4e3433e1400423016", "answers": [{"text": "word choices", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How can you explain differences in the language groups?", "id": "56e19be4e3433e1400423017", "answers": [{"text": "as an archaism", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What form is innovative?", "id": "56e19be4e3433e1400423018", "answers": [{"text": "Central Catalan", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the two blocks of Catalan?", "id": "56e19be4e3433e1400423019", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern and Western", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does an archaism explain?", "id": "56e19be4e3433e140042301a", "answers": [{"text": "lexical divergence", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Despite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central Catalan acts as an innovative element."}], ["Valencian diklasifikasikan sebagai dialek Barat, bersama dengan jenis barat laut yang dituturkan di Catalonia Barat (wilayah Lleida dan separuh barat Tarragona). Berbagai bentuk bahasa Catalan dan Valencian saling difahami (dari 90% hingga 95%) <> Bagaimana Valencian diklasifikasikan? || Dialek Barat <> Apa jenis Valencan digunakan di Western Catalonia? || jenis barat laut <> Di mana wilayah-wilayah di Lleida dan Tarragona? || Western Catalonia <> Apa bentuk yang saling difahami? || Catalan dan Valencian <> Berapakah peratusan kecerdasan antara Catalan dan Valencian? || 90% hingga 95%", {"qas": [{"question": "How is Valencian classified?", "id": "56e1b738cd28a01900c67aac", "answers": [{"text": "Western dialect", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of Valencan is spoken in Western Catalonia?", "id": "56e1b738cd28a01900c67aad", "answers": [{"text": "northwestern varieties", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are the provinces of Lleida and Tarragona?", "id": "56e1b738cd28a01900c67aae", "answers": [{"text": "Western Catalonia", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What forms are mutually intelligible?", "id": "56e1b738cd28a01900c67aaf", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan and Valencian", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the percentage of intelligibility between Catalan and Valencian?", "id": "56e1b738cd28a01900c67ab0", "answers": [{"text": "90% to 95%", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Valencian is classified as a Western dialect, along with the northwestern varieties spoken in Western Catalonia (provinces of Lleida and the western half of Tarragona). The various forms of Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible (ranging from 90% to 95%)"}], ["Di Alghero, IEC telah menyesuaikan standardnya kepada dialek Alguerese. Dalam piawaian ini, seseorang dapat mencari, di antara ciri-ciri lain: artikel yang pasti, bukan el, kata ganti kata dan penentu kata-kata istimewa, mia ('saya'), lo sou / la sua ('yours'), dan sebagainya, penggunaan -v- / v / dalam tegang tidak sempurna dalam semua konjugasi: cantava, creixiva, llegiva; penggunaan kata-kata kuno, kata-kata biasa di Alguerese: manco bukan menys ('kurang'), calqui u bukan alg\u00fa ('seseorang'), qual / quala bukan quin / quina ('mana'), dan sebagainya ; dan penyesuaian kata ganti yang lemah. <> Di mana IEC menyesuaikan piawainya kepada dialek Alguerese? || Alghero <> Apa artikel yang pasti ditemukan daripada el? || lo <> Apa yang digunakan untuk? || tdk sempurna <> Apa dialek menggunakan banyak kata-kata kuno? || Alguerese <> Apa jenis perangsang yang Alguerese disesuaikan? || kata ganti yang lemah", {"qas": [{"question": "Where has the IEC adapted its standard to the Alguerese dialect?", "id": "56e1b264e3433e14004230a6", "answers": [{"text": "Alghero", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What definite article is found rather than el?", "id": "56e1b264e3433e14004230a7", "answers": [{"text": "lo", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is -v- used for?", "id": "56e1b264e3433e14004230a8", "answers": [{"text": "imperfect tense", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What dialect employs many archaic words?", "id": "56e1b264e3433e14004230a9", "answers": [{"text": "Alguerese", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of pronouns has Alguerese adapted?", "id": "56e1b264e3433e14004230aa", "answers": [{"text": "weak pronouns", "answer_start": 584}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Alghero, the IEC has adapted its standard to the Alguerese dialect. In this standard one can find, among other features: the definite article lo instead of el, special possessive pronouns and determinants la mia ('mine'), lo sou/la sua ('his/her'), lo tou/la tua ('yours'), and so on, the use of -v- /v/ in the imperfect tense in all conjugations: cantava, creixiva, llegiva; the use of many archaic words, usual words in Alguerese: manco instead of menys ('less'), calqui u instead of alg\u00fa ('someone'), qual/quala instead of quin/quina ('which'), and so on; and the adaptation of weak pronouns."}], ["Perbezaan yang paling ketara antara kedua-dua piawai adalah beberapa tonik penekanan \u27e8e\u27e9, contohnya: franc\u00e8s, angl\u00e8s (IEC) - franc\u00e9s, angl\u00e9s (AVL). Walau bagaimanapun, piawaian AVL mengekalkan aksen kuburnya \u27e8\u00e8\u27e9, tanpa menyebut ini \u27e8e\u27e9 sebagai / \u025b /, dalam beberapa perkataan seperti: qu\u00e8 ('what'), atau Val\u00e8ncia. Divergensi lain termasuk penggunaan \u27e8tl\u27e9 (AVL) dalam beberapa perkataan dan bukannya \u27e8tll\u27e9 seperti dalam ametla / ametlla ('badam'), espatla / espatlla ('kembali'), penggunaan demonstrat elites (este ' , eixe 'itu') dalam tahap yang sama seperti yang diperkuatkan (aquest, aqueix) atau penggunaan banyak bentuk lisan yang lazim di Valencian, dan beberapa yang lazim di Barat Catalan juga, seperti suasana subjungtif atau konjugasi inchoatif dalam - ix- pada tahap yang sama seperti -eix- atau penggunaan keutamaan -e morpheme dalam 1 orang tunggal dalam indikatif sekarang (-a kata kerja): jo compre bukan jo compro ('Saya beli'). <> Apakah jo compro ditukar kepada? || jo compre <> Apakah bentuk Valencian biasa yang digunakan? || banyak bentuk lisan <> Apa bentuk yang juga lazim di seluruh bahasa Catalan Barat? || bentuk lisan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is jo compro changed to ?", "id": "56e1a1e0e3433e1400423044", "answers": [{"text": "jo compre", "answer_start": 830}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What common Valencian forms are used?", "id": "56e1a1e0e3433e1400423045", "answers": [{"text": "many verbal forms", "answer_start": 554}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What forms are also common in the rest of Western Catalan?", "id": "56e1a1e0e3433e1400423046", "answers": [{"text": "verbal forms", "answer_start": 559}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The most notable difference between both standards is some tonic \u27e8e\u27e9 accentuation, for instance: franc\u00e8s, angl\u00e8s (IEC) \u2013 franc\u00e9s, angl\u00e9s (AVL). Nevertheless, AVL's standard keeps the grave accent \u27e8\u00e8\u27e9, without pronouncing this \u27e8e\u27e9 as /\u025b/, in some words like: qu\u00e8 ('what'), or Val\u00e8ncia. Other divergences include the use of \u27e8tl\u27e9 (AVL) in some words instead of \u27e8tll\u27e9 like in ametla/ametlla ('almond'), espatla/espatlla ('back'), the use of elided demonstratives (este 'this', eixe 'that') in the same level as reinforced ones (aquest, aqueix) or the use of many verbal forms common in Valencian, and some of these common in the rest of Western Catalan too, like subjunctive mood or inchoative conjugation in -ix- at the same level as -eix- or the priority use of -e morpheme in 1st person singular in present indicative (-ar verbs): jo compre instead of jo compro ('I buy')."}], ["Dalam peredaran jantina, ciri yang paling ketara adalah (berbanding dengan Portugis, Sepanyol atau Itali), kehilangan akhiran maskulin tipikal -o. Oleh itu, penggantian -o / -a, telah digantikan oleh \u00f8 / -a. Terdapat hanya beberapa pengecualian, seperti minso / minsa (\"langka\"). Banyak perubahan morfologi yang tidak boleh diramal sepenuhnya, seperti: <> Apakah akhiran maskulin yang biasa? || -o", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the usual masculine suffix?", "id": "56e1cd44e3433e140042319d", "answers": [{"text": "-o", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In gender inflection, the most notable feature is (compared to Portuguese, Spanish or Italian), the loss of the typical masculine suffix -o. Thus, the alternance of -o/-a, has been replaced by \u00f8/-a. There are only a few exceptions, like minso/minsa (\"scarce\"). Many not completely predictable morphological alternations may occur, such as:"}], ["Walaupun perpaduan leksikal relatifnya, dua blok dialektal Catalan (Timur dan Barat) menunjukkan beberapa perbezaan dalam pilihan perkataan. Mana-mana perbezaan leksikal dalam mana-mana dua kumpulan boleh dijelaskan sebagai archaism. Juga, biasanya Catalan Tengah bertindak sebagai elemen inovatif. <> Seperti apa yang boleh ditunjukkan dalam kumpulan yang ditunjukkan? || sebagai archaism <> Bagaimana bahasa Catalonia tengah berkelakuan dengan kumpulan? || sebagai elemen inovatif <> Apakah dua kumpulan dialektik dalam bahasa Catalan? || Timur dan Barat <> Bahasa apa yang mempunyai perpaduan leksikal? || Catalan", {"qas": [{"question": "As what can divergence in the groups be shown?", "id": "56e1c3c0cd28a01900c67b47", "answers": [{"text": "as an archaism", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does central Catalan behave with the groups?", "id": "56e1c3c0cd28a01900c67b48", "answers": [{"text": "as an innovative element", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the two dialectical groups of Catalan?", "id": "56e1c3c0cd28a01900c67b49", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern and Western", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language has a lexical unity?", "id": "56e1c3c0cd28a01900c67b4a", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Despite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central Catalan acts as an innovative element."}], ["Terdapat kecenderungan untuk meninggalkan kata sifat tradisional jantina yang memihak kepada yang bertanda, sesuatu yang lazim di Occitania dan Perancis. Oleh itu, seseorang dapat menemui bulent / bullenta (\"mendidih\") berbanding dengan bulen / bulen tradisional. <> Bahasa apa yang mempunyai kecenderungan untuk kehilangan kata sifat yang tidak dapat dilihat oleh jantina? || Occitan dan Perancis <> Apakah ab contoh kata sifat bertanda jantina? || bullent / bullenta <> Apa bentuk tradisional kata sifat jantina yang tidak senonoh? || bullent / bullenta", {"qas": [{"question": "What languages have a tendency to lose gender-invariable adjectives?", "id": "56e1d349e3433e14004231c0", "answers": [{"text": "Occitan and French", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is ab example of a gender marked adjective?", "id": "56e1d349e3433e14004231c1", "answers": [{"text": "bullent/bullenta", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What would be the traditional form of a gender-invariable adjective?", "id": "56e1d349e3433e14004231c2", "answers": [{"text": "bullent/bullenta", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There is a tendency to abandon traditionally gender-invariable adjectives in favour of marked ones, something prevalent in Occitan and French. Thus, one can find bullent/bullenta (\"boiling\") in contrast with traditional bullent/bullent."}], ["Catalan mempunyai beberapa gandingan tambahan, seperti bahasa Itali dan Sepanyol, dan tidak seperti Perancis. Oleh itu, Catalan mempunyai noi / noia (\"budak\" / \"gadis\") dan hempedu / gallina (\"ayam\" / \"ayam\"), sedangkan Perancis mempunyai garlic / fille dan coq / poule. <> Kata apa jenis kata Catalan yang sedikit? || couplets supplie <> Bahasa apa yang mempunyai lebih banyak gandingan daripada bahasa Catalan? || Bahasa Perancis <> Bahasa apa yang serupa dengan bahasa Catalan dalam jumlah gandingan? || Bahasa Itali dan Bahasa Sepanyol <> Bahasa apa yang tidak seperti bahasa Catalan dalam gandaan penyediaan? || Perancis", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of words does Catalan have few of?", "id": "56e1d007e3433e14004231b8", "answers": [{"text": "suppletive couplets", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What languages have more couplets than Catalan?", "id": "56e1d007e3433e14004231b9", "answers": [{"text": "French", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What languages are  similar to Catalan in numbers of  couplets?", "id": "56e1d007e3433e14004231ba", "answers": [{"text": "Italian and Spanish", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language is not like Catalan in suppletive couplets?", "id": "56e1d007e3433e14004231bb", "answers": [{"text": "French", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Catalan has few suppletive couplets, like Italian and Spanish, and unlike French. Thus, Catalan has noi/noia (\"boy\"/\"girl\") and gall/gallina (\"cock\"/\"hen\"), whereas French has gar\u00e7on/fille and coq/poule."}], ["Pertembungan pendapat ini telah mencetuskan banyak kontroversi. Sebagai contoh, semasa merangka Perlembagaan Eropah pada tahun 2004, kerajaan Sepanyol membekalkan EU dengan terjemahan teks ke dalam bahasa Basque, Galician, Catalan, dan Valencian, tetapi yang kedua adalah sama. <> Apa yang telah menghasilkan banyak kontroversi? || pertembungan pendapat <> Bilakah EU mencipta Perlembagaan Eropah? || 2004 <> Siapa yang memberikan terjemahan EU Perlembagaan Eropah? || Kerajaan Sepanyol", {"qas": [{"question": "What has produced a great deal of controversy?", "id": "56e1c021cd28a01900c67b18", "answers": [{"text": "clash of opinions", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the EU create the European Constitution?", "id": "56e1c021cd28a01900c67b1b", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who gave the EU translations of the European Constitution?", "id": "56e1c021cd28a01900c67b1c", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish government", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "This clash of opinions has sparked much controversy. For example, during the drafting of the European Constitution in 2004, the Spanish government supplied the EU with translations of the text into Basque, Galician, Catalan, and Valencian, but the latter two were identical."}], ["Seperti bahasa lain, bahasa Catalan mempunyai senarai besar kata-kata yang dipelajari dari bahasa Yunani dan Latin. Proses ini bermula sangat awal, dan seseorang dapat mencari contoh-contoh seperti itu dalam karya Ramon Llull. Pada abad keempat belas dan kelima belas Catalan mempunyai beberapa kata-kata Yunani Gresik yang lebih tinggi daripada bahasa-bahasa Romantik yang lain, kerana dapat dibuktikan sebagai contoh dalam tulisan Ro\u00eds de Corella. <> Di manakah Catalan mendapat banyak perkataan yang dipelajari? || Yunani dan Latin <> Bilakah proses mendapatkan kata-kata dari bahasa Latin dan Greek bermula? || sangat awal <> Di mana kerja anda dapat mencari contoh perkataan yang diperoleh? || Ramon Llull <> Bilakah Catalan mempunyai lebih banyak kata-kata Greco-Latin daripada bahasa-bahasa Romantik yang lain? || abad keempat belas dan kelima belas <> Tulisan-tulisan yang mana merupakan contoh yang baik dalam bahasa Katalan? || Ro\u00eds de Corella", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does Catalan get a lot of its learned words?", "id": "56e1c818e3433e1400423174", "answers": [{"text": "Greek and Latin", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the process of acquiring words from Latin and Greek begin?", "id": "56e1c818e3433e1400423175", "answers": [{"text": "very early", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In whose work can you find examples of acquired words?", "id": "56e1c818e3433e1400423176", "answers": [{"text": "Ramon Llull", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Catalan have a greater number of Greco-Latin words than other Romance languages?", "id": "56e1c818e3433e1400423177", "answers": [{"text": "fourteenth and fifteenth centuries", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose writings are a good example of learned words in Catalan?", "id": "56e1c818e3433e1400423178", "answers": [{"text": "Ro\u00eds de Corella", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Like other languages, Catalan has a large list of learned words from Greek and Latin. This process started very early, and one can find such examples in Ramon Llull's work. On the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries Catalan had a number of Greco-Latin learned words much superior to other Romance languages, as it can be attested for example in Ro\u00eds de Corella's writings."}], ["Proses derivasi morfologi di Catalan mengikuti prinsip yang sama dengan bahasa-bahasa Romantik yang lain, di mana aglutinasi adalah biasa. Banyak kali beberapa afiks dilampirkan kepada lexeme yang sedia ada, dan beberapa penggantian bunyi boleh berlaku, contohnya elektro [\u0259l\u025bktrik] (\"elektrik\") berbanding electricitat [\u0259l\u0259ktrisitat]. Awalan biasanya ditambah dengan kata kerja, kerana seperti dalam preveure (\"foresee\"). <> Apa yang biasa dalam bahasa-bahasa Romantik? || aglutinasi <> Apa jenis derivasi dalam bahasa Catalan yang serupa dengan bahasa lain? || morfologi <> Apa perkataan tambahan yang biasanya ditambah kepada kata kerja? || Prefix <> Apa perubahan perkataan lain boleh terjadi dalam derivasi? || penggantian bunyi <> Apa perkataan suplemen boleh dipasang pada asas perkataan yang sedia ada? || melekat", {"qas": [{"question": "What is common in Romance languages?", "id": "56e1cac5cd28a01900c67b98", "answers": [{"text": "agglutination", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of derivation in Catalan is similar to other languages?", "id": "56e1cac5cd28a01900c67b99", "answers": [{"text": "morphological", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What word additive is usually added to verbs?", "id": "56e1cac5cd28a01900c67b9a", "answers": [{"text": "Prefixes", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other word changes can occur in derivations?", "id": "56e1cac5cd28a01900c67b9b", "answers": [{"text": "sound alternations", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What word supplement  can be put on an already existing word base?", "id": "56e1cac5cd28a01900c67b9c", "answers": [{"text": "affixes", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The process of morphological derivation in Catalan follows the same principles as the other Romance languages, where agglutination is common. Many times, several affixes are appended to a preexisting lexeme, and some sound alternations can occur, for example el\u00e8ctric [\u0259\u02c8l\u025bktrik] (\"electrical\") vs. electricitat [\u0259l\u0259ktrisi\u02c8tat]. Prefixes are usually appended to verbs, for as in preveure (\"foresee\")."}], ["Catalan Sastera membolehkan penggunaan kata-kata dari dialek yang berbeza, kecuali penggunaan yang sangat terhad. Walau bagaimanapun, dari abad ke-19 dan seterusnya, terdapat kecenderungan untuk memetik kata-kata dialek Utara yang merugikan orang lain, walaupun pada masa kini terdapat kebebasan pilihan yang lebih besar. <> Apa yang boleh menggunakan kata-kata dari dialek yang berbeza? || Literary Catalan <> Apakah jenis kata yang terkecuali daripada penggunaan sastera? || penggunaan terhad <> Bilakah pilihan menggunakan kata-kata dari dialek utara bermula? || Abad ke-19 <> Apa yang mempengaruhi apakah dialek utara ini mempunyai dialek lain? || merosakkan orang lain <> Apakah jenis pilihan yang ada sekarang dalam pilihan perkataan? || kebebasan pilihan yang lebih besar", {"qas": [{"question": "What can use words from different dialects?", "id": "56e1c607e3433e1400423160", "answers": [{"text": "Literary Catalan", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of words are excepted from literary use?", "id": "56e1c607e3433e1400423161", "answers": [{"text": "restricted use", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the preference of use of words from northern dialects begin?", "id": "56e1c607e3433e1400423162", "answers": [{"text": "19th century", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What affect did this favoring of northern dialects have on other dialects?", "id": "56e1c607e3433e1400423163", "answers": [{"text": "detriment of others", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of choice is now available in word choice?", "id": "56e1c607e3433e1400423164", "answers": [{"text": "greater freedom of choice", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Literary Catalan allows the use of words from different dialects, except those of very restricted use. However, from the 19th century onwards, there is a tendency of favoring words of Northern dialects in detriment of others, even though nowadays there is a greater freedom of choice."}], ["AVL, yang diwujudkan oleh Parlimen Valencian, bertanggungjawab mendikte peraturan rasmi yang mengawal penggunaan Valencian, dan piawaiannya adalah berdasarkan Norms of Castell\u00f3 (Normes de Castell\u00f3). Pada masa ini, semua orang yang menulis di Valencian menggunakan piawaian ini, kecuali Royal Akademi Budaya Valencian (Acad\u00e8mia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), yang menggunakan Valencian sebagai standard bebas. <> Siapa yang menubuhkan AVL? || Parlimen Valencian <> Lebih dari apa yang menjadikan peraturan AVL membuat peraturan? || penggunaan Valencian <> Apakah standard AVL berdasarkan? || Norma Castell\u00f3 <> Siapa yang menggunakan piawaian ini? || semua orang yang menulis <> Siapa yang dikecualikan daripada piawai dan menggunakan mereka sendiri? || Akademi Diraja Budaya Valencia", {"qas": [{"question": "Who established the AVL?", "id": "56e1bb90e3433e14004230fa", "answers": [{"text": "Valencian parliament", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Over what does the AVL  make rules governing?", "id": "56e1bb90e3433e14004230fb", "answers": [{"text": "use of Valencian", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the AVL standard based on?", "id": "56e1bb90e3433e14004230fc", "answers": [{"text": "Norms of Castell\u00f3", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who uses this standard?", "id": "56e1bb90e3433e14004230fd", "answers": [{"text": "everyone who writes", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is exempt from the standard and uses their own?", "id": "56e1bb90e3433e14004230fe", "answers": [{"text": "Royal Academy of Valencian Culture", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The AVL, created by the Valencian parliament, is in charge of dictating the official rules governing the use of Valencian, and its standard is based on the Norms of Castell\u00f3 (Normes de Castell\u00f3). Currently, everyone who writes in Valencian uses this standard, except the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acad\u00e8mia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian an independent standard."}], ["Walaupun kedudukan organisasi rasmi, pendapat pendapat yang dijalankan antara 2001 dan 2004 menunjukkan bahawa majoriti orang Valencian menganggap Valencian berbeza dari bahasa Catalan. Kedudukan ini dipromosikan oleh orang-orang yang tidak menggunakan Valencian secara teratur. Tambahan pula, data menunjukkan bahawa generasi muda yang berpendidikan di Valencia lebih cenderung untuk memegang pandangan ini. Seorang minoritas sarjana Valencian yang aktif dalam bidang selain bahasa linguistik mempertahankan kedudukan Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acad\u00e8mia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), yang menggunakan Valencian sebagai standar bebas dari bahasa Catalan. <> Apa yang kebanyakan orang Valencian fikir Valencian berkaitan dengan bahasa Catalan? || berbeza <> Bilakah tinjauan pendapat yang dibuat mengenai Valencian? || antara 2001 dan 2004 <> Siapa yang kurang percaya bahawa bahasa Catalan dan Valencian berbeza? || generasi muda <> Siapa yang menggunakan standard Valencian yang berasingan dari bahasa Catalan? || Akademi Diraja Budaya Valencian <> Berapa banyak sarjana luar linguistik bersetuju dengan Royal Academy? || Minoriti", {"qas": [{"question": "What do most Valencian people think Valencian is in regards to Catalan?", "id": "56e1be2acd28a01900c67b0e", "answers": [{"text": "different", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was an opinion poll done concerning Valencian?", "id": "56e1be2acd28a01900c67b0f", "answers": [{"text": "between 2001 and 2004", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is less likely to believe that Catalan and Valencian are different?", "id": "56e1be2acd28a01900c67b10", "answers": [{"text": "younger generations", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who uses a Valencian standard separate from Catalan?", "id": "56e1be2acd28a01900c67b11", "answers": [{"text": "Royal Academy of Valencian Culture", "answer_start": 488}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many scholars outside of linguistics agree with the Royal Academy?", "id": "56e1be2acd28a01900c67b12", "answers": [{"text": "A minority", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicates that younger generations educated in Valencian are much less likely to hold these views. A minority of Valencian scholars active in fields other than linguistics defends the position of the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acad\u00e8mia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian a standard independent from Catalan."}], ["Sistem lisan Catalan pada dasarnya adalah umum untuk semua Rom Barat, kecuali bahawa kebanyakan dialek telah menggantikan petunjuk sintetik yang sempurna dengan bentuk anar periphrastic (\"pergi\") + infinitif. <> Sistem apa yang biasa dengan Romantik Barat? || Sistem lisan Catalan <> Apa yang mempunyai banyak dialek diganti? || sintetik menunjukkan sempurna <> Apakah sistem verbal Catalan biasa? || semua Romantik Barat", {"qas": [{"question": "What system is common to Western Romance?", "id": "56e1eab7cd28a01900c67bf8", "answers": [{"text": "Catalan verbal system", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What have many dialects replaced?", "id": "56e1eab7cd28a01900c67bf9", "answers": [{"text": "synthetic indicative perfect", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Catalan verbal system common to?", "id": "56e1eab7cd28a01900c67bfb", "answers": [{"text": "all Western Romance", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Catalan verbal system is basically common to all Western Romance, except that most dialects have replaced the synthetic indicative perfect with a periphrastic form of anar (\"to go\") + infinitive."}], ["Di Sepanyol, setiap orang secara rasmi mempunyai dua nama keluarga, salah satunya adalah nama keluarga bapa pertama dan yang lain adalah nama keluarga pertama ibu. Undang-undang ini merenungkan kemungkinan bergabung dengan kedua-dua nama keluarga dengan konjungsi Catalan i (\"dan\"). <> Berapa banyak nama keluarga yang ada di semua orang di Sepanyol? || dua <> mana nama keluarga ayah mana yang digunakan? || pertama <> Apa yang dipikirkan oleh Sepanyol terhadap dua nama keluarga? || menyertai kedua-dua nama keluarga <> Apa konjungsi yang akan digunakan untuk menyertai nama keluarga seseorang? || dalam", {"qas": [{"question": "How many surnames does everyone in Spain have?", "id": "56e1edbee3433e1400423206", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which one of one's father's surnames is used?", "id": "56e1edbee3433e1400423207", "answers": [{"text": "first", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Spain thinking of doing to the two surnames?", "id": "56e1edbee3433e1400423209", "answers": [{"text": "joining both surnames", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What conjunction would be used to join a person's surnames?", "id": "56e1edbee3433e140042320a", "answers": [{"text": "in", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Spain, every person officially has two surnames, one of which is the father's first surname and the other is the mother's first surname. The law contemplates the possibility of joining both surnames with the Catalan conjunction i (\"and\")."}], ["Kata peribahasa Catalan menunjukkan perbezaan T-V, seperti semua bahasa Romantik lain (dan kebanyakan bahasa Eropah, tetapi bukan Bahasa Inggeris Moden). Ciri ini membayangkan penggunaan sebilangan kata ganti orang kedua untuk formaliti. <> Apakah perbezaan ini sama dengan? || semua bahasa Romantik lain <> Apa bahasa moden tidak mempunyai perbezaan T-Y? || Bahasa Inggeris <> Apakah ini bermakna penggunaan kumpulan kata ganti tambahan? || formaliti", {"qas": [{"question": "What is this distinction similar to?", "id": "56e1e388e3433e14004231e9", "answers": [{"text": "all other Romance languages", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What modern language does not have a T-Y distinction?", "id": "56e1e388e3433e14004231ea", "answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does this imply the use an extra group of pronouns for?", "id": "56e1e388e3433e14004231ec", "answers": [{"text": "formality", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Catalan pronouns exhibit T\u2013V distinction, like all other Romance languages (and most European languages, but not Modern English). This feature implies the use of a different set of second person pronouns for formality."}], ["Catalan Tengah telah meninggalkan pemilik yang hampir tidak tegas (mon, dsb.) Yang memihak kepada pembinaan artikel + bentuk tegas (el meu, dsb.), Ciri yang dikongsi bersama dengan bahasa Itali. <> Apa yang paling utama di Catalan Tengah ditinggalkan? || orang yang tidak tertekan <> Apa bahasa lain yang berkongsi jenis pembinaan ini? || Itali <> Apakah contoh artikel + penekanan? || el meu <> Apa contoh seseorang yang tidak tertekan? || mon", {"qas": [{"question": "What has Central Catalan mostly abandoned?", "id": "56e1e04dcd28a01900c67bda", "answers": [{"text": "unstressed possessives", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other language shares this type of construction?", "id": "56e1e04dcd28a01900c67bdc", "answers": [{"text": "Italian", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of an article +stressed forms?", "id": "56e1e04dcd28a01900c67bdd", "answers": [{"text": "el meu", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of an unstressed possessive?", "id": "56e1e04dcd28a01900c67bde", "answers": [{"text": "mon", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Central Catalan has abandoned almost completely unstressed possessives (mon, etc.) in favour of constructions of article + stressed forms (el meu, etc.), a feature shared with Italian."}], ["Morfologi kata ganti peribadi Katalan adalah rumit, khususnya dalam bentuk yang tidak ditekan, yang banyak (13 bentuk berbeza, berbanding 11 dalam bahasa Sepanyol atau 9 dalam bahasa Itali). Ciri-ciri termasuk ho neutral jantina dan tahap kebebasan yang hebat apabila menggabungkan kata ganti kata yang tidak tertekan yang berbeza (65 kombinasi). <> Berapa banyak bentuk kata ganti peribadi yang ada di Catalan? || 13 bentuk berbeza <> Berapa banyak kata ganti peribadi ada Bahasa Sepanyol? || 11 <> Berapa banyak kata ganti peribadi dalam bahasa Itali? || 9 <> Berapa banyak kombinasi yang berbeza kata ganti kata yang tidak ditekankan di sana? || 65", {"qas": [{"question": "How many forms of personal pronouns are there in Catalan?", "id": "56e1e199cd28a01900c67be4", "answers": [{"text": "13 distinct forms", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many personal pronouns are there is Spanish?", "id": "56e1e199cd28a01900c67be5", "answers": [{"text": "11", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the number of personal pronouns in Italian?", "id": "56e1e199cd28a01900c67be6", "answers": [{"text": "9", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many different combinations of unstressed pronouns are there?", "id": "56e1e199cd28a01900c67be7", "answers": [{"text": "65", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The morphology of Catalan personal pronouns is complex, specially in unstressed forms, which are numerous (13 distinct forms, compared to 11 in Spanish or 9 in Italian).  Features include the gender-neutral ho and the great degree of freedom when combining different unstressed pronouns (65 combinations)."}], ["Keterlambatan penentu adalah rumit, khususnya kerana bilangan elisi yang tinggi, tetapi mirip dengan bahasa-bahasa jiran. Catalan mempunyai lebih banyak kontraksi kata + preposisi daripada bahasa Sepanyol, seperti dels (\"daripada + [plural]\"), tetapi tidak sebanyak Itali (yang mempunyai sul, col, nel, dan sebagainya). <> Apakah sejumlah besar peninggalan membuat penentu? || kompleks <> Apa yang menyerupai bahasa jiran? || infleksi ketetapan <> Bahasa apa bahasa Catalan mempunyai lebih banyak kontraksi daripada? || Bahasa Sepanyol <> Catalan mempunyai pengecutan yang kurang daripada bahasa apa? || Bahasa Itali <> Apakah jenis perkataan yang ditambahkan pada penguncupan kata preposisi? || artikel", {"qas": [{"question": "What does the large number of omissions  make the determinatives?", "id": "56e1dec2e3433e14004231de", "answers": [{"text": "complex", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is much like the neighboring languages?", "id": "56e1dec2e3433e14004231df", "answers": [{"text": "inflection of determinatives", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language does Catalan have more contractions than?", "id": "56e1dec2e3433e14004231e0", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Catalan has less contractions than what language?", "id": "56e1dec2e3433e14004231e1", "answers": [{"text": "Italian", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of word is added to the contraction of the preposition?", "id": "56e1dec2e3433e14004231e2", "answers": [{"text": "article", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The inflection of determinatives is complex, specially because of the high number of elisions, but is similar to the neighboring languages. Catalan has more contractions of preposition + article than Spanish, like dels (\"of + the [plural]\"), but not as many as Italian (which has sul, col, nel, etc.)."}], ["Kata kerja katalan secara tradisional dibahagikan kepada tiga konjugasi, dengan tema vokal -a-, -e-, -i-, dua yang terakhir dibahagikan kepada dua subtipe. Bagaimanapun, bahagian ini kebanyakannya teori. Hanya konjugasi pertama pada masa kini adalah produktif (dengan kira-kira 3500 kata kerja biasa), manakala yang ketiga (subjenis servir, dengan kira-kira 700 kata kerja biasa) adalah semifroduktif. Kata kerja konjugasi kedua adalah kurang daripada 100, dan tidak mungkin untuk membuat yang baru, kecuali dengan pengkompaunan. <> Bagaimana bahasa verbal Catalan dikumpulkan? || ke dalam tiga konjugasi <> Konjugat mana yang mempunyai kira-kira 3500 kata kerja? || konjugasi pertama <> Berapa banyak kata kerja dalam konjugasi ketiga? || 700 <> Conjugation mana yang mempunyai kurang daripada 100 kata kerja? || kedua", {"qas": [{"question": "How are Catalan verbs grouped?", "id": "56e1ec35cd28a01900c67c00", "answers": [{"text": "into three conjugations", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which conjugation has about 3500 verbs?", "id": "56e1ec35cd28a01900c67c02", "answers": [{"text": "first conjugation", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many verbs are in the third conjugation?", "id": "56e1ec35cd28a01900c67c03", "answers": [{"text": "700", "answer_start": 323}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which conjugation has less than 100 verbs?", "id": "56e1ec35cd28a01900c67c04", "answers": [{"text": "second", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Catalan verbs are traditionally divided into three conjugations, with vowel themes -a-, -e-, -i-, the last two being split into two subtypes. However, this division is mostly theoretical. Only the first conjugation is nowadays productive (with about 3500 common verbs), whereas the third (the subtype of servir, with about 700 common verbs) is semiproductive. The verbs of the second conjugation are fewer than 100, and it is not possible to create new ones, except by compounding."}], ["Seperti semua bahasa Romantik, peredaran lisan Catalan lebih kompleks daripada nominal. Suffixation adalah omnipresent, sedangkan perubahan morfologi memainkan peranan sekunder. Alternatif vokal adalah aktif, serta infixation dan supplether. Walau bagaimanapun, ini tidak produktif seperti dalam bahasa Sepanyol, dan kebanyakannya terhad kepada kata kerja yang tidak teratur. <> Apakah peredaran lisan Catalan? || lebih rumit <> Apa yang memainkan peranan utama dalam bahasa Catalan? || Suffixation <> Apa yang memainkan bahagian menengah dalam bahasa Catalan? || Alternatif morfologi <> Bagaimana penggantian vokal dalam bahasa Catalan? || aktif", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Catalan verbal inflection ?", "id": "56e1e933cd28a01900c67bee", "answers": [{"text": "more complex", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What plays a primary part in Catalan?", "id": "56e1e933cd28a01900c67bf0", "answers": [{"text": "Suffixation", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What plays a secondary part in Catalan?", "id": "56e1e933cd28a01900c67bf1", "answers": [{"text": "morphological alternations", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are vowel alternances in Catalan?", "id": "56e1e933cd28a01900c67bf2", "answers": [{"text": "active", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal. Suffixation is omnipresent, whereas morphological alternations play a secondary role. Vowel alternances are active, as well as infixation and suppletion. However, these are not as productive as in Spanish, and are mostly restricted to irregular verbs."}], ["Seperti dalam bahasa-bahasa Rom Barat yang lain, ungkapan plural utama ialah sufiks -s, yang boleh menghasilkan perubahan morfologi yang serupa dengan yang terdapat dalam peredaran jantina, walaupun lebih jarang. Yang paling penting ialah penambahan -o sebelum kumpulan konsonan tertentu, fenomena fonetik yang tidak menjejaskan bentuk feminin: el pols / els polsos (\"denyutan\" / \"denyutan\") vs la pols / \"debu\" / \"debu\"). <> Apakah cara biasa untuk membuat jamak? || suffix -s <> Apa boleh penambahan suffix -s menghasilkan? || perubahan morfologi <> Kepada apa perubahan morfologi ini serupa? || kelainan jantina <> Apakah peralihan plural yang penting? || penambahan-", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the usual way to make a plural?", "id": "56e1dab2cd28a01900c67bc0", "answers": [{"text": "suffix -s", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can the addition of the suffix -s produce?", "id": "56e1dab2cd28a01900c67bc1", "answers": [{"text": "morphological alternations", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what are these morphological changes similar?", "id": "56e1dab2cd28a01900c67bc2", "answers": [{"text": "gender inflection", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an important plural alternation?", "id": "56e1dab2cd28a01900c67bc3", "answers": [{"text": "addition of -o-", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As in the other Western Romance languages, the main plural expression is the suffix -s, which may create morphological alternations similar to the ones found in gender inflection, albeit more rarely. The most important one is the addition of -o- before certain consonant groups, a phonetic phenomenon that does not affect feminine forms: el pols/els polsos (\"the pulse\"/\"the pulses\") vs. la pols/les pols (\"the dust\"/\"the dusts\")."}], ["Fleksibiliti ini membolehkan bahasa Catalonia menggunakan penyebaran secara ekstensif, lebih daripada bahasa Perancis atau Sepanyol. Oleh itu, bahasa Catalan boleh mempunyai m'hi recomanaren (\"mereka mengesyorkan saya kepadanya\"), sedangkan dalam bahasa Perancis seseorang mesti mengatakan ils m'ont recommand\u00e9 \u00e0 lui, dan bahasa Sepanyol saya recomendaron a \u00e9l. Ini membolehkan penempatan hampir apa-apa istilah nominal sebagai topik hukuman, tanpa perlu menggunakan suara pasif (seperti dalam bahasa Perancis atau bahasa Inggeris), atau mengenal pasti objek langsung dengan preposisi (seperti dalam bahasa Sepanyol). <> Bahasa apa yang menggunakan pengekalan dalam ayat kurang daripada bahasa Catalan? || Bahasa Perancis atau Bahasa Sepanyol <> Apa yang anda tidak perlu gunakan dalam bahasa Catalan? || suara pasif <> Bahasa apa yang menggunakan suara pasif lebih daripada bahasa Catalan? || Bahasa Perancis atau Bahasa Inggeris <> Kaedah apa yang digunakan Sepanyol untuk mengenal pasti objek itu? || preposisi", {"qas": [{"question": "What languages use extrapositioning in sentences less than Catalan? ", "id": "56e1e668e3433e14004231f2", "answers": [{"text": "French or Spanish", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do you not need to use in Catalan?", "id": "56e1e668e3433e14004231f4", "answers": [{"text": "passive voice", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What languages use the passive voice more than Catalan?", "id": "56e1e668e3433e14004231f5", "answers": [{"text": "French or English", "answer_start": 395}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What method does Spanish use to identify the object?", "id": "56e1e668e3433e14004231f6", "answers": [{"text": "preposition", "answer_start": 455}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "This flexibility allows Catalan to use extraposition extensively, much more than French or Spanish. Thus, Catalan can have m'hi recomanaren (\"they recommended me to him\"), whereas in French one must say ils m'ont recommand\u00e9 \u00e0 lui, and Spanish me recomendaron a \u00e9l. This allows the placement of almost any nominal term as a sentence topic, without having to use so often the passive voice (as in French or English), or identifying the direct object with a preposition (as in Spanish)."}]], [["Dalam tempoh ini, Boston berkembang dengan budaya, dikagumi untuk kehidupan sastera yang jarang dan tersohor, dengan ahli keluarga lama Boston-akhirnya menggelarkan Boston Brahmins-yang dianggap sebagai golongan elit sosial dan budaya negara. <> Apakah nama yang diberikan kepada keluarga Boston lama? || Boston Brahmins <> Siapa yang dikenali sebagai elit sosial negara? || Boston Brahmins <> Boston dikagumi untuk apa jenis kehidupan? || kehidupan sastera <> Boston membaikpulih budaya kerana apa yang murah hati? || naungan artistik", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name given to old Boston families?", "id": "56e1223ecd28a01900c67631", "answers": [{"text": "Boston Brahmins", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who came to be known as the nation's social elites?", "id": "56e1223ecd28a01900c67632", "answers": [{"text": "Boston Brahmins", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Boston was admired for what kind of life?", "id": "56e1223ecd28a01900c67633", "answers": [{"text": "literary life", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Boston improved culturally because of its generous what?", "id": "56e1223ecd28a01900c67634", "answers": [{"text": "artistic patronage", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During this period Boston flourished culturally as well, admired for its rarefied literary life and generous artistic patronage, with members of old Boston families\u2014eventually dubbed Boston Brahmins\u2014coming to be regarded as the nation's social and cultural elites."}], ["Penduduk awal di Boston mula-mula menelefon kawasan Trimountaine (selepas \"tiga gunung\" -nya hanya kesannya hari ini) tetapi kemudian menamakannya Boston selepas Boston, Lincolnshire, England, asal usul beberapa penjajah yang terkenal. Penamaan semula, pada 7 September 1630 (Gaya Lama), [b] oleh penjajah puritan dari England, yang telah berpindah dari Charlestown awal tahun itu untuk mencari air tawar. Pendudukan mereka pada mulanya terhad kepada Semenanjung Shawmut, pada masa itu dikelilingi oleh Massachusetts Bay dan Sungai Charles dan dihubungkan ke tanah besar dengan sempadan yang sempit. Semenanjung dikenali telah didiami seawal 5000 SM. <> Apakah peneroka awal Boston memanggil kawasan tersebut? || Trimountaine <> Apa maksud Trimountaine? || tiga gunung <> tahun berapa bandar itu dinamakan semula sebagai Boston? || 1630 <> Yang menamakan kota Boston? || Penjajah puritan dari England <> Apakah penjajah puritan yang mencari ketika mereka datang ke Boston? || air tawar", {"qas": [{"question": "What did Boston's early settlers call the area?", "id": "56e119bdcd28a01900c675ab", "answers": [{"text": "Trimountaine", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Trimountaine mean?", "id": "56e119bdcd28a01900c675ac", "answers": [{"text": "three mountains", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the city renamed Boston?", "id": "56e119bdcd28a01900c675ad", "answers": [{"text": "1630", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who named the city Boston?", "id": "56e119bdcd28a01900c675ae", "answers": [{"text": "Puritan colonists from England", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the puritan colonists searching for when they came to Boston?", "id": "56e119bdcd28a01900c675af", "answers": [{"text": "fresh water", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Boston's early European settlers had first called the area Trimountaine (after its \"three mountains\"\u2014only traces of which remain today) but later renamed it Boston after Boston, Lincolnshire, England, the origin of several prominent colonists. The renaming, on September 7, 1630 (Old Style),[b] was by Puritan colonists from England, who had moved over from Charlestown earlier that year in quest of fresh water. Their settlement was initially limited to the Shawmut Peninsula, at that time surrounded by the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River and connected to the mainland by a narrow isthmus. The peninsula is known to have been inhabited as early as 5000 BC."}], ["Pada tahun 1822, rakyat Boston mengundi untuk menukar nama rasmi dari \"Bandar Boston\" kepada \"City of Boston\", dan pada 4 Mac 1822, rakyat Boston menerima piagam yang menggabungkan Kota. Pada masa Boston disewa sebagai sebuah bandar, penduduknya adalah kira-kira 46.226, sementara kawasan bandar itu hanya 4.7 km persegi (12 km2). <> Apakah nama City of Boston sebelum ia adalah Bandar Boston? || Bandar Boston <> Tahun berapa adalah perubahan nama ke Kota Boston? || 1822 <> Boston telah disewa seperti pada 1822? || sebuah bandar <> Apakah populasi Boston pada tahun 1822? || kira-kira 46,226 <> Berapa batu persegi adalah bandar pada tahun 1822? || 4.7 batu persegi", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the City of Boston's name before it was the City of Boston?", "id": "56e12622e3433e1400422c72", "answers": [{"text": "the Town of Boston", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the name changes to the City of Boston?", "id": "56e12622e3433e1400422c73", "answers": [{"text": "1822", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Boston was chartered as what in 1822?", "id": "56e12622e3433e1400422c74", "answers": [{"text": "a city", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the population of Boston in 1822?", "id": "56e12622e3433e1400422c75", "answers": [{"text": "about 46,226", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many square miles was the city in 1822?", "id": "56e12622e3433e1400422c76", "answers": [{"text": "4.7 square miles", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1822, the citizens of Boston voted to change the official name from \"the Town of Boston\" to \"the City of Boston\", and on March 4, 1822, the people of Boston accepted the charter incorporating the City. At the time Boston was chartered as a city, the population was about 46,226, while the area of the city was only 4.7 square miles (12 km2)."}], ["Banyak peristiwa penting dalam Revolusi Amerika-Pembunuhan Boston, Parti Teh Boston, perjalanan tengah malam Paul Revere, pertempuran-pertempuran Lexington dan Concord dan Bunker Hill, Pengepungan Boston, dan banyak lagi-berlaku di atau berhampiran Boston. Selepas Revolusi, tradisi perairan panjang Boston membantu menjadikannya salah satu pelabuhan antarabangsa terkaya di dunia, dengan rum, ikan, garam, dan tembakau menjadi sangat penting. <> Boston menjadi salah satu pelabuhan antarabangsa terkaya setelah perang apa? || Revolusi Amerika <> Apa tradisi lama yang telah membantu menjadikan Boston sebuah pelabuhan kaya? || tradisi pelayaran <> Boston adalah lokasi banyak peristiwa penting perang apa? || Revolusi Amerika", {"qas": [{"question": "Boston became one of the wealthiest international ports after what war?", "id": "56e11e6fcd28a01900c67604", "answers": [{"text": "the American Revolution", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What long held tradition helped make Boston a wealthy port?", "id": "56e11e6fcd28a01900c67605", "answers": [{"text": "seafaring tradition", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Boston was the location of many important events of what war?", "id": "56e11e6fcd28a01900c67607", "answers": [{"text": "the American Revolution", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many of the crucial events of the American Revolution\u2014the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, Paul Revere's midnight ride, the battles of Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill, the Siege of Boston, and many others\u2014occurred in or near Boston. After the Revolution, Boston's long seafaring tradition helped make it one of the world's wealthiest international ports, with rum, fish, salt, and tobacco being particularly important."}], ["Boston adalah pelabuhan awal perdagangan hamba triwulanan Atlantik di jajahan New England, tetapi kemudiannya disusul oleh Salem, Massachusetts dan Newport, Rhode Island. Akhirnya Boston menjadi pusat gerakan penghapusan. Bandar ini sangat bereaksi terhadap Undang-undang Hamba Fugitive pada tahun 1850, yang menyumbang kepada percubaan Presiden Franklin Pierce untuk membuat contoh Boston selepas Kes Hamba Anthony Burns Fugitive. <> Boston diselesaikan oleh Salem, Massachusetts dalam jenis perdagangan apa? || perdagangan hamba <> Pergerakan apakah Boston menjadi pusat selepas ia menghentikan perdagangan hamba? || pergerakan penghancur <> Apa undang-undang yang melibatkan budak-budak yang bertindak balas dengan kuat kepada bandar? || Undang-undang Hamba Fugitive 1850 <> Presiden apa yang cuba membuat contoh keluar dari Boston kerana ia melihat pada Anthony Burns Fugitive Slave Case? || Franklin Pierce", {"qas": [{"question": "Boston was overtaken by Salem, Massachusetts in what type of trade? ", "id": "56e124adcd28a01900c67647", "answers": [{"text": "slave trade", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What movement did Boston become the center of after it stopped slave trade?", "id": "56e124adcd28a01900c67648", "answers": [{"text": "the abolitionist movement", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What law involving slaves did the city react strongly to?", "id": "56e124adcd28a01900c67649", "answers": [{"text": "the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What President attempted to make an example out of Boston due to it's view on the Anthony Burns Fugitive Slave Case?", "id": "56e124adcd28a01900c6764a", "answers": [{"text": "Franklin Pierce", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Boston was an early port of the Atlantic triangular slave trade in the New England colonies, but was soon overtaken by Salem, Massachusetts and Newport, Rhode Island. Eventually Boston became a center of the abolitionist movement. The city reacted strongly to the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, contributing to President Franklin Pierce's attempt to make an example of Boston after the Anthony Burns Fugitive Slave Case."}], ["Akta Embargo 1807, yang diguna pakai semasa Perang Napoleon, dan Perang 1812 secara signifikan menghalang aktiviti pelabuhan Boston. Walaupun perdagangan asing kembali selepas permusuhan ini, peniaga Boston telah menemui alternatif untuk pelaburan modal mereka dalam interim tersebut. Pembuatan menjadi komponen penting dalam ekonomi bandaraya, dan pada pertengahan abad ke-19, pembuatan industri bandar mengatasi perdagangan antarabangsa dalam kepentingan ekonomi. Sehingga awal abad ke-20, Boston menjadi salah satu pusat pembuatan terbesar di negara ini dan terkenal kerana industri pakaian dan industri barang-barang kulitnya. Sebuah rangkaian kecil sungai yang bersempadan dengan bandar dan menghubungkannya ke kawasan sekitar memudahkan penghantaran barang dan membawa kepada percambahan kilang dan kilang. Kemudian, rangkaian rel kereta api yang padat melambungkan industri dan perdagangan di rantau ini. <> Tindakan apa yang berlaku semasa peperangan Napoleon dan peperangan 1812? || Akta Embargo 1807 <> Tindakan apa yang ditebang di kawasan pelabuhan Boston? || Akta Embargo 1807 <> Apa yang menjadi bahagian penting dalam ekonomi bandar semasa Perang Napoleon dan perang 1812? || pembuatan <> Dalam abad apa manakah pembuatan lebih penting untuk Boston daripada perdagangan? || </ P> <p> Bilakah Boston berhenti dikenali kerana pengeluaran pakaian dan barang-barang kulit? || awal abad ke-20", {"qas": [{"question": "What act was put in place during the Napoleonic wars and the war of 1812?", "id": "56e120c3cd28a01900c67627", "answers": [{"text": "The Embargo Act of 1807", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What act cut down on Boston's harbor activity?", "id": "56e120c3cd28a01900c67628", "answers": [{"text": "The Embargo Act of 1807", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What became an important part of the city's economy during the Napoleonic Wars and the war of 1812?", "id": "56e120c3cd28a01900c67629", "answers": [{"text": "manufacturing", "answer_start": 394}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century was manufacturing more important to Boston than trade?", "id": "56e120c3cd28a01900c6762a", "answers": [{"text": "19th century", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Boston stop being known for it's garment production and leather goods?", "id": "56e120c3cd28a01900c6762b", "answers": [{"text": "the early 20th century", "answer_start": 467}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Embargo Act of 1807, adopted during the Napoleonic Wars, and the War of 1812 significantly curtailed Boston's harbor activity. Although foreign trade returned after these hostilities, Boston's merchants had found alternatives for their capital investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component of the city's economy, and by the mid-19th century, the city's industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance. Until the early 20th century, Boston remained one of the nation's largest manufacturing centers and was notable for its garment production and leather-goods industries. A network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region facilitated shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Later, a dense network of railroads furthered the region's industry and commerce."}], ["Salah satu bandar tertua di Amerika Syarikat, Boston diasaskan pada Semenanjung Shawmut pada tahun 1630 oleh peneroka Puritan dari England. Ia adalah kejadian beberapa peristiwa utama Revolusi Amerika, seperti Boston Massacre, Parti Teh Boston, Pertempuran Bunker Hill, dan Pengepungan Boston. Apabila kemerdekaan Amerika dari Great Britain, bandar ini terus menjadi pusat pelabuhan dan perkilangan penting, serta pusat pendidikan dan budaya. Melalui penambakan tanah dan pengambilan perbandaran, Boston telah berkembang di luar semenanjung asal. Sejarahnya yang kaya menarik ramai pelancong, dengan Dewan Faneuil sahaja menarik lebih dari 20 juta pengunjung setiap tahun. Banyak yang pertama di Boston termasuk sekolah awam pertama Amerika Syarikat, Boston Latin School (1635), dan sistem kereta bawah tanah pertama (1897). <> Tahun apakah Boston ditubuhkan? || 1630 <> Apakah nama semenanjung Boston ditubuhkan? || Semenanjung Shawmut <> Bostons kaya sejarah menarik banyak apa setiap tahun? || pelancong <> The Faneuil Hall menarik lebih banyak pelancong ke Boston setiap tahun? || 20 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was Boston founded?", "id": "56e114f2e3433e1400422ba4", "answers": [{"text": "1630", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the peninsula Boston was founded on?", "id": "56e114f2e3433e1400422ba6", "answers": [{"text": "the Shawmut Peninsula", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bostons rich history attracts many what each year?", "id": "56e114f2e3433e1400422ba7", "answers": [{"text": "tourists", "answer_start": 596}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Faneuil Hall draws over how many tourists to Boston each year?", "id": "56e114f2e3433e1400422ba8", "answers": [{"text": "20 million", "answer_start": 643}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One of the oldest cities in the United States, Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon American independence from Great Britain, the city continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub, as well as a center for education and culture. Through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public school, Boston Latin School (1635), and first subway system (1897)."}], ["Pada tahun 1629, gubernur Massachusetts Bay Colony, John Winthrop, memimpin menandatangani Perjanjian Cambridge, sebuah dokumen pengasas utama bandar. Etika puritan dan tumpuan mereka terhadap pendidikan mempengaruhi sejarah awal; Sekolah awam pertama di Amerika telah diasaskan di Boston pada tahun 1635. Dalam 130 tahun yang akan datang, bandar ini menyertai empat Perang Perancis dan India, sehingga British mengalahkan Perancis dan sekutu mereka di Amerika Utara. Boston adalah bandar terbesar di British North America sehingga Philadelphia semakin besar pada pertengahan abad ke-18. <> Tahun apakah Perjanjian Cambridge ditandatangani? || 1629 <> Sekolah awam Amerika yang pertama ditubuhkan di Boston dalam tahun berapa? || 1635 <> Siapa gubernur pertama Massachusetts? || John Winthrop <> Berapa banyak perbatasan Perancis dan India yang pernah menyertai Boston? || empat <> Yang mengetuai penandatanganan Perjanjian Cambridge? || John Winthrop", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was the Cambridge Agreement signed?", "id": "56e11b94cd28a01900c675cd", "answers": [{"text": "1629", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "America's first public school was founded in Boston in what year?", "id": "56e11b94cd28a01900c675ce", "answers": [{"text": "1635", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Massachusetts first governor?", "id": "56e11b94cd28a01900c675cf", "answers": [{"text": "John Winthrop", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many french and Indian wars did Boston participate in?", "id": "56e11b94cd28a01900c675d0", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement?", "id": "56e11b94cd28a01900c675d1", "answers": [{"text": "John Winthrop", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colony's first governor, John Winthrop, led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history; America's first public school was founded in Boston in 1635. Over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their native allies in North America. Boston was the largest town in British North America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid 18th century."}], ["Banyak universiti dan universiti di kawasan itu membuat Boston sebagai pusat pendidikan tinggi dan perubatan, dan bandar dianggap sebagai pemimpin dunia dalam inovasi. Pangkalan ekonomi Boston juga termasuk perkhidmatan kewangan, profesional dan perniagaan, bioteknologi, teknologi maklumat, dan aktiviti kerajaan. Isi rumah di bandar mendakwa kadar dermawan tertinggi di Amerika Syarikat; perniagaan dan institusi berada di kedudukan tertinggi di negara ini untuk kelestarian alam sekitar dan pelaburan. Bandar ini mempunyai salah satu kos paling tinggi tinggal di Amerika Syarikat, walaupun ia tetap tinggi pada kedudukan hidup dunia. <> Isi rumah di Boston mendakwa kadar purata tertinggi apa di Amerika Syarikat? || kedermawanan <> Bostons perniagaan peringkat atas di negara ini untuk apa? || kelestarian alam sekitar dan pelaburan <> Di manakah kedudukan Boston sejauh kos sara hidup di Amerika Syarikat? || Bandar ini mempunyai salah satu kos yang paling tinggi dalam hidup <> Bagaimana Boston berpartisipasi dalam kehidupan dunia? || tinggi <> Boston dikenali di peringkat antarabangsa untuk pendidikan dan perubatan kerana banyaknya? || kolej dan universiti", {"qas": [{"question": "Households in Boston claim the highest average rate of what in the United States?", "id": "56e1184ecd28a01900c67597", "answers": [{"text": "philanthropy", "answer_start": 380}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bostons businesses rank top in the country for what?", "id": "56e1184ecd28a01900c67598", "answers": [{"text": "environmental sustainability and investment", "answer_start": 483}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does Boston rank as far as cost of living in the United States?", "id": "56e1184ecd28a01900c67599", "answers": [{"text": "The city has one of the highest costs of living", "answer_start": 528}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does Boston rank on world livability?", "id": "56e1184ecd28a01900c6759a", "answers": [{"text": "high", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Boston is internationally known for education and medicine because of its many what?", "id": "56e1184ecd28a01900c6759b", "answers": [{"text": "colleges and universities", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The area's many colleges and universities make Boston an international center of higher education and medicine, and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation. Boston's economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, and government activities. Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States; businesses and institutions rank amongst the top in the country for environmental sustainability and investment. The city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States, though it remains high on world livability rankings."}], ["Boston (disebut i / b\u0252st\u0259n /) adalah ibu negara dan bandar terbesar di Komanwel Massachusetts di Amerika Syarikat. Boston juga berkhidmat sebagai kerusi daerah bersejarah County Suffolk sehingga Massachusetts dibubarkan kerajaan daerah pada tahun 1999. Bandaraya yang tepat meliputi 48 batu persegi (124 km2) dengan anggaran penduduk 655.884 pada tahun 2014, menjadikannya bandar terbesar di New England dan ke-24 bandar terbesar di Amerika Syarikat. Bandar ini merupakan jangkauan ekonomi dan budaya kawasan metropolitan yang lebih besar yang dipanggil Greater Boston, yang menempatkan 4.7 juta orang dan kawasan statistik metropolitan yang terbesar ke-10 di negara ini. Greater Boston sebagai kawasan komuter adalah rumah kepada 8.1 juta orang, menjadikannya kawasan statistik gabungan keenam terbesar di Amerika Syarikat. <> Yang manakah di Amerika Syarikat ialah Boston? || Massachusetts <> Berapa batu persegi adalah bandar yang sesuai Boston? || 48 <> Kawasan metropolitan besar Boston juga dipanggil apa? || Greater Boston <> Berapa anggaran penduduk Greater Boston? || 4.7 juta orang <> Apa modal dan bandar terbesar di Massachusetts? || Boston", {"qas": [{"question": "Which of the United States is Boston located in?", "id": "56e112eecd28a01900c67555", "answers": [{"text": "Massachusetts", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many square miles is the city proper of Boston?", "id": "56e112eecd28a01900c67556", "answers": [{"text": "48", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The large metropolitan area of Boston is also called what?", "id": "56e112eecd28a01900c67557", "answers": [{"text": "Greater Boston", "answer_start": 528}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the estimated population of Greater Boston?", "id": "56e112eecd28a01900c67558", "answers": [{"text": "4.7 million people", "answer_start": 552}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the capital and largest city in Massachusetts?", "id": "56e112eecd28a01900c67559", "answers": [{"text": "Boston", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Boston (pronounced i/\u02c8b\u0252st\u0259n/) is the capital and largest city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston also served as the historic county seat of Suffolk County until Massachusetts disbanded county government in 1999. The city proper covers 48 square miles (124 km2) with an estimated population of 655,884 in 2014, making it the largest city in New England and the 24th largest city in the United States. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called Greater Boston, home to 4.7 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan statistical area in the country. Greater Boston as a commuting region is home to 8.1 million people, making it the sixth-largest combined statistical area in the United States."}], ["Boston kadang-kadang dipanggil \"bandar kejiranan\" kerana kelebihan subseksyen yang pelbagai; Pejabat Pejabat Jiran Tetangga kerajaan telah secara rasmi menetapkan 23 kawasan kejiranan. <> Apa yang dipanggil Boston kadang-kadang? || bandar kejiranan <> Berapa banyak kawasan di Boston? || 23 kejiranan <> Apa pembahagian Kerajaan Bandar menetapkan 23 kawasan kejiranan? || Pejabat Perkhidmatan Kejiranan", {"qas": [{"question": "What s Boston sometimes called?", "id": "56e13568cd28a01900c676b5", "answers": [{"text": "city of neighborhoods", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many neighborhoods are in Boston?", "id": "56e13568cd28a01900c676b6", "answers": [{"text": "23 neighborhoods", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What division of the City Government designated the 23 neighborhoods?", "id": "56e13568cd28a01900c676b7", "answers": [{"text": "Office of Neighborhood Services", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Boston is sometimes called a \"city of neighborhoods\" because of the profusion of diverse subsections; the city government's Office of Neighborhood Services has officially designated 23 neighborhoods."}], ["Pada 15 April 2013, dua saudara Chechen Islam meledakkan dua bom berhampiran garisan penamat Marathon Boston, membunuh tiga orang dan mencederakan kira-kira 264. <> Pada tarikh apakah bom meletus di maraton Boston? || April 15, 2013 <> Pada titik Marathon apakah bom itu meletup? || berhampiran garisan penamat <> Berapa banyak kematian yang berlaku di maraton? || Tiga <> Berapa banyak orang yang cedera dalam letupan? || 264", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date did bombs go off at the Boston marathon?", "id": "56e1307acd28a01900c67683", "answers": [{"text": "April 15, 2013", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what point of the Marathon were the bombs exploded?", "id": "56e1307acd28a01900c67685", "answers": [{"text": "near the finish line", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many fatalities were there at the marathon?", "id": "56e1307acd28a01900c67686", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many people were injured in the explosion?", "id": "56e1307acd28a01900c67687", "answers": [{"text": "264", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On April 15, 2013, two Chechen Islamist brothers exploded two bombs near the finish line of the Boston Marathon, killing three people and injuring roughly 264."}], ["Menjelang awal abad ke-20, bandar telah merosot apabila kilang-kilang menjadi tua dan usang, dan perniagaan keluar dari rantau ini untuk buruh yang lebih murah di tempat lain. Boston bertindak balas dengan memulakan pelbagai projek pembaharuan bandar di bawah arahan Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA), yang ditubuhkan pada tahun 1957. Pada tahun 1958, BRA telah memulakan projek untuk memperbaiki kejiranan West End bersejarah. Pembongkaran yang luas ditemui dengan pembangkang awam yang meledak. <> Sepanjang abad berapa perniagaan keluar dari Boston untuk mencari pekerja murah? || Abad ke-20 <> Projek-projek untuk memperbaharui bandar telah diletakkan oleh apa? || Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA) <> Bagaimana rakyat Boston bertindak balas terhadap perobohan West End? || dengan pembangkang awam yang lantang.", {"qas": [{"question": "During what century did businesses move out of Boston to find cheaper labor?", "id": "56e12be3e3433e1400422c82", "answers": [{"text": "20th century", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Projects to renew the city were put into place by what?", "id": "56e12be3e3433e1400422c83", "answers": [{"text": "the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA)", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did the people of Boston react to the demolition of the West End?", "id": "56e12be3e3433e1400422c86", "answers": [{"text": "with vociferous public opposition.", "answer_start": 432}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By the early and mid-20th century, the city was in decline as factories became old and obsolete, and businesses moved out of the region for cheaper labor elsewhere. Boston responded by initiating various urban renewal projects under the direction of the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA), which was established in 1957. In 1958, BRA initiated a project to improve the historic West End neighborhood. Extensive demolition was met with vociferous public opposition."}], ["Boston mempunyai keluasan 89,6 mil persegi (232.1 km2) -48.4 batu persegi (125.4 km2) (54.0%) tanah dan 41.2 batu persegi (106.7 km2) (46.0%) air. Ketinggian rasmi kota, seperti diukur di Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Logan, adalah 19 kaki (5.8 m) di atas paras laut. Titik tertinggi di Boston ialah Bellevue Hill pada ketinggian sejauh 330 kaki (100 m), dan titik paling rendah berada di paras laut. Terletak di pesisir Lautan Atlantik, Boston adalah satu-satunya ibu negeri di Amerika Syarikat bersebelahan dengan pantai lautan. <> Apakah jumlah kawasan Boston? || 89.6 batu persegi <> Berapa persegi persegi tanah adalah Boston? || 48.4 mil persegi <> Berapa batu persegi air adalah Boston? || 41.2 batu persegi <> Berapa kaki di atas paras laut adalah Bandar Boston? || 19 kaki <> Boston adalah satu-satunya ibu negeri di Amerika Syarikat bersebelahan dengan apa jenis pantai? || pantai laut", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the total area of Boston?", "id": "56e131aecd28a01900c6768d", "answers": [{"text": "89.6 square miles", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many square miles of land is Boston?", "id": "56e131aecd28a01900c6768e", "answers": [{"text": "48.4 square miles", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many square miles of water is Boston?", "id": "56e131aecd28a01900c6768f", "answers": [{"text": "41.2 square miles", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many feet above sea level is the City of Boston?", "id": "56e131aecd28a01900c67690", "answers": [{"text": "19 ft", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Boston is the only state capital in the contiguous US to have what type of coastline?", "id": "56e131aecd28a01900c67691", "answers": [{"text": "oceanic coastline", "answer_start": 492}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Boston has an area of 89.6 square miles (232.1 km2)\u201448.4 square miles (125.4 km2) (54.0%) of land and 41.2 square miles (106.7 km2) (46.0%) of water. The city's official elevation, as measured at Logan International Airport, is 19 ft (5.8 m) above sea level. The highest point in Boston is Bellevue Hill at 330 feet (100 m) above sea level, and the lowest point is at sea level. Situated onshore of the Atlantic Ocean, Boston is the only state capital in the contiguous United States with an oceanic coastline."}], ["Boston dikelilingi oleh rantau \"Greater Boston\" dan bersempadan dengan bandar-bandar dan kota Winthrop, Revere, Chelsea, Everett, Somerville, Cambridge, Newton, Brookline, Needham, Dedham, Canton, Milton, dan Quincy. Sungai Charles memisahkan Boston dari Watertown dan majoriti Cambridge, dan jisim Boston dari kejiranan Charlestown sendiri. Di sebelah timur terletak Pelabuhan Boston dan Kawasan Rekreasi Nasional Pulau Boston (yang termasuk sebahagian wilayah bandar, khususnya Pulau Calf, Pulau Gallops, Pulau Besar Brewster, Pulau Hijau, Pulau Little Brewster, Pulau Little Calf, Long Island, Pulau Lovells , Pulau Brewster Tengah, Nixes Mate, Pulau Outer Brewster, Pulau Rainsford, Shag Rocks, Spectacle Island, The Graves, dan Pulau Thompson). Sungai Neponset membentuk sempadan antara kejiranan selatan Boston dan bandar Quincy dan bandar Milton. The Mystic River memisahkan Charlestown dari Chelsea dan Everett, dan Chelsea Creek dan Boston Harbor memisahkan East Boston dari Boston. <> Apakah nama kawasan yang mengelilingi Boston? || Greater Boston <> Sungai apa yang memisahkan Boston dari Charlestown? || Sungai Charles <> Berapa arah dari Boston ialah Pelabuhan Boston? || Di sebelah timur <> Pulau Calf dan Pulau Hijau dianggap sebahagian daripada Kawasan Rekreasi Negara? || Kawasan Rekreasi Kebangsaan Pulau Boston Harbour", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the region that surrounds Boston?", "id": "56e13485cd28a01900c676a1", "answers": [{"text": "Greater Boston", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What river seperates Boston from Charlestown?", "id": "56e13485cd28a01900c676a2", "answers": [{"text": "The Charles River", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What direction from Boston is Boston Harbor?", "id": "56e13485cd28a01900c676a3", "answers": [{"text": "To the east", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Calf Island and Green Island are considered part of what National Recreation Area?", "id": "56e13485cd28a01900c676a4", "answers": [{"text": "Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area", "answer_start": 412}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Boston is surrounded by the \"Greater Boston\" region and is contiguously bordered by the cities and towns of Winthrop, Revere, Chelsea, Everett, Somerville, Cambridge, Newton, Brookline, Needham, Dedham, Canton, Milton, and Quincy. The Charles River separates Boston from Watertown and the majority of Cambridge, and the mass of Boston from its own Charlestown neighborhood. To the east lie Boston Harbor and the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area (which includes part of the city's territory, specifically Calf Island, Gallops Island, Great Brewster Island, Green Island, Little Brewster Island, Little Calf Island, Long Island, Lovells Island, Middle Brewster Island, Nixes Mate, Outer Brewster Island, Rainsford Island, Shag Rocks, Spectacle Island, The Graves, and Thompson Island). The Neponset River forms the boundary between Boston's southern neighborhoods and the city of Quincy and the town of Milton. The Mystic River separates Charlestown from Chelsea and Everett, and Chelsea Creek and Boston Harbor separate East Boston from Boston proper."}], ["Boston adalah sebuah pusat intelektual, teknologi, dan politik tetapi telah kehilangan beberapa institusi serantau penting, termasuk pemerolehan The Boston Globe oleh The New York Times, dan kerugian kepada penggabungan dan pengambilalihan institusi kewangan tempatan seperti FleetBoston Financial, yang telah diperolehi oleh Bank of America yang berpangkalan di Charlotte pada tahun 2004. Kedai-kedai jabatan yang berpangkalan di Boston Jordan Marsh dan Filene telah kedua-duanya digabungkan ke dalam Macy's yang berpangkalan di Cincinnati. Boston telah mengalami gentrifikasi pada separuh kedua abad ke-20, dengan harga perumahan meningkat dengan ketara sejak tahun 1990-an. Perbelanjaan hidup telah meningkat, dan Boston mempunyai salah satu kos paling tinggi tinggal di Amerika Syarikat, dan menduduki tempat ke-129 kota utama paling mahal di dunia dalam kaji selidik 2011 sebanyak 214 bandar. Walaupun kos sara hidup, Boston berada di peringkat tinggi di peringkat penghayatan, ranking ke-36 di seluruh dunia dalam kualiti hidup pada tahun 2011 dalam tinjauan 221 bandar-bandar utama. <> The New York Times membeli apa khabar akhbar Boston yang terkenal? || The Boston Globe <> Siapa yang membeli FleetBoston Financial? || Bank of America <> Tahun apa Bank of America membeli FleetBoston Fonancial? || 2004 <> Dua kedai jabatan Boston bergabung untuk membentuk apa jabatan kedai berasaskan Cincinnati? || Macy's <> Apa jabatan kedai bergabung untuk membentuk Macy? || Jordan Marsh dan Filene", {"qas": [{"question": "The New York Times bought what famous Boston newspaper?", "id": "56e12f74e3433e1400422ca0", "answers": [{"text": "The Boston Globe", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who bought FleetBoston Financial?", "id": "56e12f74e3433e1400422ca1", "answers": [{"text": "Bank of America", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Bank of America buy FleetBoston Fonancial?", "id": "56e12f74e3433e1400422ca2", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Two Boston department stores merged to form what Cincinnati based department store?", "id": "56e12f74e3433e1400422ca3", "answers": [{"text": "Macy's", "answer_start": 455}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What department stores merged to form Macy's?", "id": "56e12f74e3433e1400422ca4", "answers": [{"text": "Jordan Marsh and Filene's", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Boston is an intellectual, technological, and political center but has lost some important regional institutions, including the acquisition of The Boston Globe by The New York Times, and the loss to mergers and acquisitions of local financial institutions such as FleetBoston Financial, which was acquired by Charlotte-based Bank of America in 2004. Boston-based department stores Jordan Marsh and Filene's have both been merged into the Cincinnati\u2013based Macy's. Boston has experienced gentrification in the latter half of the 20th century, with housing prices increasing sharply since the 1990s. Living expenses have risen, and Boston has one of the highest costs of living in the United States, and was ranked the 129th most expensive major city in the world in a 2011 survey of 214 cities. Despite cost of living issues, Boston ranks high on livability ratings, ranking 36th worldwide in quality of living in 2011 in a survey of 221 major cities."}], ["Pada tahun 1820-an, populasi Boston berkembang pesat, dan komposisi etnik di bandar berubah secara dramatik dengan gelombang pertama pendatang Eropah. Pendatang Ireland menguasai gelombang pertama pendatang baru dalam tempoh ini, terutama selepas Kelaparan Kentang Ireland; menjelang 1850, kira-kira 35,000 orang Ireland tinggal di Boston. Pada separuh akhir abad ke-19, bandar raya ini menyaksikan peningkatan bilangan orang Ireland, Jerman, Lubnan, Syria, Kanada, dan Yahudi Rusia dan Poland yang menetap di bandar. Menjelang akhir kurun ke-19, kawasan kejiranan teras Boston telah menjadi kawasan pendatang yang etnik-penduduk Itali mendiami North End, Ireland menguasai South Boston dan Charlestown, dan Yahudi Rusia tinggal di West End. Pendatang Ireland dan Itali membawa mereka Katolik Roman. Pada masa ini, umat Katolik membentuk komuniti agama terbesar di Boston, dan sejak awal abad ke-20, orang Ireland telah memainkan peranan utama dalam tokoh-tokoh politik Boston yang terkenal termasuk Kennedys, Tip O'Neill, dan John F. Fitzgerald. <> Bagaimana populasi Boston berubah pada tahun 1820? || Penduduk Boston berkembang pesat <> Ketibaan pendatang Europen yang pertama mengubah apa yang ada di Boston? || komposisi etnik di bandar <> Berapa anggaran penduduk Ireland yang tinggal di Boston pada tahun 1850? || kira-kira 35,000 <> Apa agama yang membawa imigran Ireland dan Itali membawa mereka ke Boston? || Katolik Roma <> Apakah kumpulan agama terbesar Bostons hari ini? || Katolik", {"qas": [{"question": "How did Boston's population change in the 1820's?", "id": "56e12827cd28a01900c67665", "answers": [{"text": "Boston's population grew rapidly", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first Europen immigrants arrival changed what in Boston?", "id": "56e12827cd28a01900c67666", "answers": [{"text": "the city's ethnic composition", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the estimated population of Irish people living in Boston in 1850?", "id": "56e12827cd28a01900c67667", "answers": [{"text": "about 35,000", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What religion did Irish and Italian immigrants bring with them to Boston?", "id": "56e12827cd28a01900c67668", "answers": [{"text": "Roman Catholicism", "answer_start": 771}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Bostons largest religious group today?", "id": "56e12827cd28a01900c67669", "answers": [{"text": "Catholics", "answer_start": 801}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 1820s, Boston's population grew rapidly, and the city's ethnic composition changed dramatically with the first wave of European immigrants. Irish immigrants dominated the first wave of newcomers during this period, especially following the Irish Potato Famine; by 1850, about 35,000 Irish lived in Boston. In the latter half of the 19th century, the city saw increasing numbers of Irish, Germans, Lebanese, Syrians, French Canadians, and Russian and Polish Jews settled in the city. By the end of the 19th century, Boston's core neighborhoods had become enclaves of ethnically distinct immigrants\u2014Italians inhabited the North End, Irish dominated South Boston and Charlestown, and Russian Jews lived in the West End. Irish and Italian immigrants brought with them Roman Catholicism. Currently, Catholics make up Boston's largest religious community, and since the early 20th century, the Irish have played a major role in Boston politics\u2014prominent figures include the Kennedys, Tip O'Neill, and John F. Fitzgerald."}], ["Antara tahun 1631 dan 1890, bandar ini melipatgandakan kawasannya melalui penambakan tanah dengan mengisi rumput, lumpur, dan jurang di antara dermaga di tepi pantai. Usaha penambakan terbesar berlaku pada abad ke-19; bermula pada 1807, mahkota Beacon Hill digunakan untuk mengisi kolam kilang seluas 50 hektar (20 ha) yang kemudian menjadi kawasan Haymarket Square. Rumah Negeri sekarang ini terletak di atas Bukit Beacon yang diturunkan. Projek-projek penangguhan di pertengahan abad mencipta bahagian penting di South End, West End, Daerah Kewangan, dan Chinatown. Selepas The Great Boston Fire pada tahun 1872, pekerja menggunakan runtuhan bangunan sebagai tapak pelupusan di sepanjang pusat bandar tepi pantai. Semasa pertengahan abad ke-19, para pekerja memenuhi hampir 600 ekar (2.4 km2) ladang rawa Charles River barat Boston Common dengan kerikil yang dibawa oleh kereta api dari bukit-bukit Needham Heights. Bandar raya ini menggabungkan bandar-bandar bersebelahan dengan Boston Selatan (1804), East Boston (1836), Roxbury (1868), Dorchester (termasuk hari ini Mattapan dan sebahagian daripada South Boston) (1870), Brighton (termasuk hari ini Allston) ), West Roxbury (termasuk hari ini Jamaica Plain and Roslindale) (1874), Charlestown (1874), dan Hyde Park (1912). Cadangan lain, untuk pencabulan Brookline, Cambridge, dan Chelsea, tidak berjaya. <> Apa yang digunakan untuk mengisi kolam kilang yang menjadi Square Haymarket? || mahkota Beacon Hill <> Apa yang duduk di Bukit Beacon hari ini? || State House <> Apakah bencana yang berlaku di Boston pada tahun 1872? || The Great Boston Fire of 1872 <> Apa reruntuhan dari Great Boston Fire yang digunakan? || sebagai tapak pelupusan di sepanjang kawasan tepi pantai di pusat bandar", {"qas": [{"question": "What was used to fill a mill pond that became the Haymarket Square?", "id": "56e12a32cd28a01900c67679", "answers": [{"text": "the crown of Beacon Hill", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sits on Beacon Hill today?", "id": "56e12a32cd28a01900c6767b", "answers": [{"text": "State House", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What famous disaster happened in Boston in 1872?", "id": "56e12a32cd28a01900c6767c", "answers": [{"text": "The Great Boston Fire of 1872", "answer_start": 577}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the rubble from the Great Boston Fire used for?", "id": "56e12a32cd28a01900c6767d", "answers": [{"text": "as landfill along the downtown waterfront", "answer_start": 637}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Between 1631 and 1890, the city tripled its area through land reclamation by filling in marshes, mud flats, and gaps between wharves along the waterfront. The largest reclamation efforts took place during the 19th century; beginning in 1807, the crown of Beacon Hill was used to fill in a 50-acre (20 ha) mill pond that later became the Haymarket Square area. The present-day State House sits atop this lowered Beacon Hill. Reclamation projects in the middle of the century created significant parts of the South End, the West End, the Financial District, and Chinatown. After The Great Boston Fire of 1872, workers used building rubble as landfill along the downtown waterfront. During the mid-to-late 19th century, workers filled almost 600 acres (2.4 km2) of brackish Charles River marshlands west of Boston Common with gravel brought by rail from the hills of Needham Heights. The city annexed the adjacent towns of South Boston (1804), East Boston (1836), Roxbury (1868), Dorchester (including present day Mattapan and a portion of South Boston) (1870), Brighton (including present day Allston) (1874), West Roxbury (including present day Jamaica Plain and Roslindale) (1874), Charlestown (1874), and Hyde Park (1912). Other proposals, for the annexation of Brookline, Cambridge, and Chelsea, were unsuccessful."}], ["BRA kemudiannya menilai kembali pendekatannya terhadap pembaharuan bandar dalam projek masa depannya, termasuk pembangunan Pusat Kerajaan. Pada tahun 1965, Pusat Kesihatan Komuniti pertama di Amerika Syarikat dibuka, Columbia Point Health Centre, di kejiranan Dorchester. Ia kebanyakannya berkhidmat di kompleks perumahan awam Point Point yang bersebelahan, yang dibina pada tahun 1953. Pusat kesihatan masih beroperasi dan didedikasikan semula pada tahun 1990 sebagai Pusat Kesihatan Komuniti Geiger-Gibson. Kompleks Columbia Point itu sendiri telah dibangunkan semula dan dirombak menjadi sebuah masyarakat berpenghasilan campuran yang dikenali sebagai Harbour Point Apartments dari tahun 1984 hingga 1990. Menjelang tahun 1970-an, ekonomi bandar itu melambung selepas 30 tahun mengalami kemelesetan ekonomi. Sejumlah besar naik tinggi telah dibina di Daerah Kewangan dan di Back Bay Boston sepanjang tempoh ini. Ledakan ini berterusan ke pertengahan 1980-an dan kemudian bermula lagi. Hospital seperti Massachusetts General Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, dan Brigham and Women's Hospital mengetuai negara dalam inovasi perubatan dan penjagaan pesakit. Sekolah seperti Boston College, Boston University, Harvard Medical School, Northeastern University, Institut Teknologi Wentworth, Berklee College of Music dan Boston Conservatory menarik pelajar ke kawasan tersebut. Walau bagaimanapun, bandar ini mengalami konflik yang bermula pada tahun 1974 semasa pemberhentian desegregasi, yang mengakibatkan pergolakan dan keganasan di sekolah-sekolah awam sepanjang pertengahan 1970-an. <> Tahun apakah pusat kesihatan komuniti pertama di AS dibuka? || 1965 <> Di mana terdapat Pusat Kesihatan Point Colombia? || kejiranan Dorchester <> Pada tahun 1990, Pusat Kesihatan Point Colombia telah diubah namanya? || Pusat Kesihatan Komuniti Geiger-Gibson", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did the first community health center in the US open?", "id": "56e12dc2e3433e1400422c8c", "answers": [{"text": "1965", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Colombia Point Health Center located?", "id": "56e12dc2e3433e1400422c8e", "answers": [{"text": "the Dorchester neighborhood", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1990, the Colombia Point Health Center was renamed what?", "id": "56e12dc2e3433e1400422c8f", "answers": [{"text": "Geiger-Gibson Community Health Center", "answer_start": 455}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The BRA subsequently reevaluated its approach to urban renewal in its future projects, including the construction of Government Center. In 1965, the first Community Health Center in the United States opened, the Columbia Point Health Center, in the Dorchester neighborhood. It mostly served the massive Columbia Point public housing complex adjoining it, which was built in 1953. The health center is still in operation and was rededicated in 1990 as the Geiger-Gibson Community Health Center. The Columbia Point complex itself was redeveloped and revitalized into a mixed-income community called Harbor Point Apartments from 1984 to 1990. By the 1970s, the city's economy boomed after 30 years of economic downturn. A large number of high rises were constructed in the Financial District and in Boston's Back Bay during this time period. This boom continued into the mid-1980s and later began again. Hospitals such as Massachusetts General Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Brigham and Women's Hospital lead the nation in medical innovation and patient care. Schools such as Boston College, Boston University, the Harvard Medical School, Northeastern University, Wentworth Institute of Technology, Berklee College of Music and Boston Conservatory attract students to the area. Nevertheless, the city experienced conflict starting in 1974 over desegregation busing, which resulted in unrest and violence around public schools throughout the mid-1970s."}], ["Lebih dari dua pertiga kawasan tanah moden di Boston tidak wujud apabila bandar itu diasaskan, tetapi dicipta melalui pengisian secara beransur-ansur kawasan pasang surut sekitar berabad-abad, terutamanya dengan bumi dari meratakan atau pengurangan tiga bukit asli Boston (\"Trimountain\", selepas mana Tremont Street dinamakan), dan dengan kerikil dibawa oleh kereta api dari Needham untuk mengisi Back Bay. Pusat bandaraya dan persekitaran terdekatnya sebahagian besarnya terdiri daripada bangunan batu rendah (sering Gaya Persekutuan dan Kebangkitan Yunani), yang diselaraskan dengan bangunan moden, terutamanya di Daerah Kewangan, Pusat Kerajaan, dan Boston Selatan. Back Bay termasuk banyak mercu tanda terkenal, seperti Perpustakaan Awam Boston, Pusat Sains Kristian, Copley Square, Newbury Street, dan dua bangunan tertinggi di New England-Menara John Hancock dan Pusat Prudential. Berhampiran Menara John Hancock adalah bangunan John Hancock yang lama dengan suar lampu yang terkenal, warna yang memproyeksikan cuaca. Kawasan komersil yang lebih kecil diselaraskan di antara kawasan rumah keluarga tunggal dan rumah berbilang keluarga kayu / bata. Daerah Bersejarah South End adalah kejiranan era kejatuhan Victorian yang terbesar di Amerika Syarikat. Geografi pusat bandar dan Selatan Boston amat dipengaruhi oleh Projek Arteri / Terowongan Pusat (dikenali secara tidak rasmi sebagai \"Big Dig\"), yang membolehkan penghapusan Pusat Arteri Pusat yang terungkap dan penggabungan ruang hijau dan kawasan terbuka baru. <> Berapa banyak kawasan tanah Bostons Dalam tidak wujud ketika bandar itu diasaskan? || Lebih daripada dua pertiga <> Kawasan tanah moden dicipta oleh pengisian secara beransur-ansur sekitar apa? || Kawasan pasang surut <> Tremont Street dinamakan sempena bukit asal di Boston? || Trimountain <> Kereta api yang penuh dengan kerikil datang dari Needham untuk mengisi apa? || Back Bay <> Perpustakaan Awam Boston terletak di bahagian bahagian Boston? || Back Bay", {"qas": [{"question": "How much of Inner Bostons land area did not exist when the city was founded?", "id": "56e136e7cd28a01900c676bb", "answers": [{"text": "More than two-thirds", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The modern land area was created by the gradual filling in of surrounding what?", "id": "56e136e7cd28a01900c676bc", "answers": [{"text": "tidal areas", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tremont Street is named after what original hill in Boston?", "id": "56e136e7cd28a01900c676bd", "answers": [{"text": "Trimountain", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A train full of gravel came from Needham to fill what?", "id": "56e136e7cd28a01900c676be", "answers": [{"text": "the Back Bay", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Boston Public Library is located in what part of Boston?", "id": "56e136e7cd28a01900c676bf", "answers": [{"text": "the Back Bay", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "More than two-thirds of inner Boston's modern land area did not exist when the city was founded, but was created via the gradual filling in of the surrounding tidal areas over the centuries, notably with earth from the leveling or lowering of Boston's three original hills (the \"Trimountain\", after which Tremont Street is named), and with gravel brought by train from Needham to fill the Back Bay. Downtown and its immediate surroundings consists largely of low-rise (often Federal style and Greek Revival) masonry buildings, interspersed with modern highrises, notably in the Financial District, Government Center, and South Boston. Back Bay includes many prominent landmarks, such as the Boston Public Library, Christian Science Center, Copley Square, Newbury Street, and New England's two tallest buildings\u2014the John Hancock Tower and the Prudential Center. Near the John Hancock Tower is the old John Hancock Building with its prominent illuminated beacon, the color of which forecasts the weather. Smaller commercial areas are interspersed among areas of single-family homes and wooden/brick multi-family row houses. The South End Historic District is the largest surviving contiguous Victorian-era neighborhood in the US. The geography of downtown and South Boston was particularly impacted by the Central Artery/Tunnel Project (known unofficially as the \"Big Dig\"), which allowed for the removal of the unsightly elevated Central Artery and the incorporation of new green spaces and open areas."}], ["Bandar ini mempunyai populasi Yahudi yang besar dengan anggaran 25,000 orang Yahudi di dalam bandar dan 227,000 di kawasan metro Boston; Bilangan jemaah di Boston dianggarkan pada 22. Masyarakat berdekatan Brookline dan Newton adalah kira-kira satu pertiga Yahudi. <> Berapa ramai orang Yahudi tinggal di Kota Boston? || 25,000 <> Berapa ramai orang Yahudi tinggal di kawasan Metro Metro? || 227,000 <> Berapa jumlah jemaah di Boston? || 22 <> Apa masyarakat adjascent juga memegang populasi Yahudi yang tinggi? || Brookline dan Newton <> Berapa anggaran peratusan populasi Brookline dan Newton yang orang Yahudi? || satu per tiga", {"qas": [{"question": "How many Jewish people live in the City of Boston?", "id": "56e142e6e3433e1400422d0e", "answers": [{"text": "25,000", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Jewish people live in the Boston Metro area?", "id": "56e142e6e3433e1400422d0f", "answers": [{"text": "227,000", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the total number of congregations in Boston?", "id": "56e142e6e3433e1400422d10", "answers": [{"text": "22", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What adjascent communities also hold a high Jewish population?", "id": "56e142e6e3433e1400422d11", "answers": [{"text": "Brookline and Newton", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the estimated percentage of the population of Brookline and newton that are jewish?", "id": "56e142e6e3433e1400422d12", "answers": [{"text": "one-third", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city has a sizable Jewish population with an estimated 25,000 Jews within the city and 227,000 within the Boston metro area; the number of congregations in Boston is estimated at 22. The adjacent communities of Brookline and Newton are both approximately one-third Jewish."}], ["Pendapatan median isi rumah di Boston adalah $ 51,739, sementara pendapatan median untuk keluarga adalah $ 61,035. Pekerja lelaki sepenuh masa sepanjang tahun mempunyai pendapatan median $ 52,544 berbanding $ 46,540 untuk pekerja wanita sepenuh masa sepanjang tahun. Pendapatan per kapita untuk bandar adalah $ 33,158. 21.4% penduduk dan 16.0% keluarga berada di bawah garis kemiskinan. Dari jumlah penduduk, 28.8% daripada mereka yang berusia di bawah 18 tahun dan 20.4% daripada mereka 65 dan lebih tua tinggal di bawah garis kemiskinan. <> Berapakah purata pendapatan isi rumah di Boston? || $ 51,739 <> Berapakah purata pendapatan keluarga di Boston? || $ 61,035 <> Berapa pendapatan purata bagi pekerja lelaki sepenuh masa? || $ 52,544 <> Berapakah pendapatan purata pekerja wanita sepenuh masa? || $ 46,540 <> Berapa peratus keluarga jatuh di bawah garis kemiskinan? || 16.0%", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the average household income in Boston?", "id": "56e13eb6cd28a01900c676ed", "answers": [{"text": "$51,739", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average family income in Boston?", "id": "56e13eb6cd28a01900c676ee", "answers": [{"text": "$61,035", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average income for a full time male worker?", "id": "56e13eb6cd28a01900c676ef", "answers": [{"text": "$52,544", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average income for a full time female worker?", "id": "56e13eb6cd28a01900c676f0", "answers": [{"text": "$46,540", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percent of families fall below the poverty line?", "id": "56e13eb6cd28a01900c676f1", "answers": [{"text": "16.0%", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The median household income in Boston was $51,739, while the median income for a family was $61,035. Full-time year-round male workers had a median income of $52,544 versus $46,540 for full-time year-round female workers. The per capita income for the city was $33,158. 21.4% of the population and 16.0% of families are below the poverty line. Of the total population, 28.8% of those under the age of 18 and 20.4% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line."}], ["Di bandar, penduduknya merebak dengan 21.9% pada usia 19 tahun dan di bawah, 14.3% daripada 20 kepada 24, 33.2% daripada 25 kepada 44, 20.4% daripada 45 kepada 64, dan 10.1% yang berumur 65 tahun ke atas . Umur median adalah 30.8 tahun. Bagi setiap 100 wanita, terdapat 92.0 jantan. Bagi setiap 100 wanita berumur 18 tahun ke atas, terdapat 89.9 lelaki. Terdapat 252,699 isi rumah, di mana 20.4% mempunyai kanak-kanak di bawah umur 18 tahun yang tinggal di dalamnya, 25.5% pasangan suami isteri yang tinggal bersama, 16.3% mempunyai isi rumah wanita tanpa suami hadir, dan 54.0% bukan ahli keluarga. 37.1% daripada semua isi rumah terdiri daripada individu dan 9.0% mempunyai seseorang yang tinggal bersendirian yang berumur 65 tahun ke atas. Saiz isi rumah purata ialah 2.26 dan saiz keluarga purata ialah 3.08. <> Berapakah peratusan penduduk Kota Bostons adalah 19 dan ke bawah? || 21.9% <> Apakah peratusan populasi City of Boston adalah 20 hingga 24? || 14.3% <> Berapakah peratusan populasi Kota Bostons adalah 25 hingga 44? || 33.2% <> Berapa peratus penduduk Kota Bostons adalah 45 hingga 64? || 20.4% <> Berapa peratus penduduk Kota Boston berumur lebih dari 65 tahun? || 10.1%", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of the City of Bostons population is 19 and under?", "id": "56e13daccd28a01900c676e3", "answers": [{"text": "21.9%", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the City of Boston's population is 20 to 24?", "id": "56e13daccd28a01900c676e4", "answers": [{"text": "14.3%", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the City of Bostons population is 25 to 44?", "id": "56e13daccd28a01900c676e5", "answers": [{"text": "33.2%", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the City of Bostons residents are 45 to 64?", "id": "56e13daccd28a01900c676e6", "answers": [{"text": "20.4%", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the City of Boston's residents are over 65?", "id": "56e13daccd28a01900c676e7", "answers": [{"text": "10.1%", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the city, the population was spread out with 21.9% at age 19 and under, 14.3% from 20 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.9 males. There were 252,699 households, of which 20.4% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 25.5% were married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 54.0% were non-families. 37.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 3.08."}], ["Pada tahun 2010, Boston dianggarkan mempunyai 617,594 penduduk (ketumpatan 12,200 orang / batu persegi, atau 4,700 / km2) yang tinggal di 272,481 unit rumah - peningkatan populasi sebanyak 5% pada tahun 2000. Bandar ini adalah bandar besar AS yang paling padat penduduk ketiga lebih daripada setengah juta penduduk. Sekitar 1.2 juta orang mungkin berada di sempadan Boston semasa waktu bekerja, dan sebanyak 2 juta semasa acara khas. Ini turun naik orang disebabkan oleh beratus-ratus ribu penduduk pinggir bandar yang pergi ke bandar untuk kerja, pendidikan, penjagaan kesihatan, dan acara istimewa. <> Mengenai apa yang penduduk Boston pada tahun 2010? || 617,594 <> Berapa banyak unit perumahan yang terdapat di Boston pada tahun 2010? || 272,481 <> Berapa ramai orang di Boston semasa waktu bekerja? || 1.2 juta <> Apa yang boleh dibaca penduduk Boston pada acara-acara khas? || 2 juta <> Apakah kepadatan penduduk Boston? || 12,200 orang / batu persegi", {"qas": [{"question": "About what was the population of Boston in 2010?", "id": "56e13c5ee3433e1400422cf0", "answers": [{"text": "617,594", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many housing units were there in Boston in 2010?", "id": "56e13c5ee3433e1400422cf1", "answers": [{"text": "272,481", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people are in Boston during work hours?", "id": "56e13c5ee3433e1400422cf2", "answers": [{"text": "1.2 million", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can the population of Boston rech during special events?", "id": "56e13c5ee3433e1400422cf3", "answers": [{"text": "2 million", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the density of Boston's population?", "id": "56e13c5ee3433e1400422cf4", "answers": [{"text": "12,200 persons/sq mile", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2010, Boston was estimated to have 617,594 residents (a density of 12,200 persons/sq mile, or 4,700/km2) living in 272,481 housing units\u2014 a 5% population increase over 2000. The city is the third most densely populated large U.S. city of over half a million residents. Some 1.2 million persons may be within Boston's boundaries during work hours, and as many as 2 million during special events. This fluctuation of people is caused by hundreds of thousands of suburban residents who travel to the city for work, education, health care, and special events."}], ["Lokasi pesisir Boston di Atlantik Utara menyederhanakan suhunya, tetapi menjadikan bandar ini sangat rawan terhadap sistem cuaca Nor'easter yang dapat menghasilkan banyak salji dan hujan. Bandar ini purata 43.8 inci (1,110 mm) curah hujan setahun, dengan 43.8 inci (111 cm) salji setiap musim. Salji meningkat secara dramatik apabila seseorang pergi ke pedalaman jauh dari bandar (terutamanya utara dan barat bandaraya) - dari pengaruh sederhana lautan. Kebanyakan salji berlaku dari bulan Disember hingga Mac, kerana kebanyakan tahun melihat salji yang tidak terukur pada bulan April dan November, dan salji jarang berlaku pada bulan Mei dan Oktober. Terdapat juga variasi tahun ke tahun dalam salji; Sebagai contoh, musim salji 2011-12 menyaksikan hanya 9.3 dalam (23.6 cm) salji yang terkumpul, tetapi musim sejuk sebelum ini, angka yang sama ialah 81.0 dalam (2.06 m). [d] <> Di pantai apa yang terletak di Boston? || Atlantik Utara <> Apakah jenis sistem cuaca di Boston dapat menghasilkan banyak salji dan hujan? || Nor'easter <> Berapa hujan purata di City of Boston setiap tahun? || 43.8 inci <> Berapa salji purata setiap tahun di Bandar Boston? || 43.8 inci <> Bilakah kebanyakan salji berlaku? || Disember hingga Mac", {"qas": [{"question": "On what coast is Boston located?", "id": "56e1399dcd28a01900c676cf", "answers": [{"text": "the North Atlantic", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of weather systems in Boston can produce much snow and rain?", "id": "56e1399dcd28a01900c676d0", "answers": [{"text": "Nor'easter", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average rainfall in the City of Boston per year?", "id": "56e1399dcd28a01900c676d1", "answers": [{"text": "43.8 inches", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average snowfall per year in the City of Boston?", "id": "56e1399dcd28a01900c676d2", "answers": [{"text": "43.8 inches", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When does most snowfall occur?", "id": "56e1399dcd28a01900c676d3", "answers": [{"text": "December through March", "answer_start": 473}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Boston's coastal location on the North Atlantic moderates its temperature, but makes the city very prone to Nor'easter weather systems that can produce much snow and rain. The city averages 43.8 inches (1,110 mm) of precipitation a year, with 43.8 inches (111 cm) of snowfall per season. Snowfall increases dramatically as one goes inland away from the city (especially north and west of the city)\u2014away from the moderating influence of the ocean. Most snowfall occurs from December through March, as most years see no measurable snow in April and November, and snow is rare in May and October. There is also high year-to-year variability in snowfall; for instance, the winter of 2011\u201312 saw only 9.3 in (23.6 cm) of accumulating snow, but the previous winter, the corresponding figure was 81.0 in (2.06 m).[d]"}], ["Bandar ini, terutamanya kejiranan Boston Timur, mempunyai komuniti Hispanik yang penting. Hispanik di Boston kebanyakannya di Puerto Rican (30,506 atau 4.9% daripada jumlah penduduk bandar), Dominican (25,648 atau 4.2% daripada jumlah penduduk bandar), Salvadoran (10,850 atau 1.8% penduduk bandar), Kolombia (6,649 atau 1.1% penduduk bandar), Mexico (5,961 atau 1.0% daripada jumlah penduduk bandar), dan Guatemala (4,451 atau 0.7% daripada jumlah penduduk bandar) berasal dari etnik. Apabila termasuk semua asal-usul kebangsaan Hispanik, mereka berjumlah 107,917. Di Greater Boston, angka-angka ini berkembang dengan ketara dengan Puerto Ricans berjumlah 175,000+, Dominicans 95,000+, Salvadorans 40,000+, Guatemala 31,000+, Mexico 25,000+, dan Colombians berjumlah 22,000+. <> Apa jiran yang mempunyai kadar herpanik yang tinggi? || kejiranan Boston Timur <> Berapa ramai ahli kacamata tinggal di Bandar Boston? || 107,917 <> Berapa ramai ahli sihir Puerto Rico tinggal di Boston? || 175,000+ <> Berapa ramai ahli kacamata Mexico tinggal di Boston? || 25,000+ <> Berapa banyak penduduk Colombia tinggal di Boston? || 22,000+", {"qas": [{"question": "What neighborhoos has a high rate of hispanics?", "id": "56e1441acd28a01900c67701", "answers": [{"text": "the East Boston neighborhood", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many hispanics live in the City of Boston?", "id": "56e1441acd28a01900c67702", "answers": [{"text": "107,917", "answer_start": 511}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Puerto Rican hispanics live in greater Boston?", "id": "56e1441acd28a01900c67703", "answers": [{"text": "175,000+", "answer_start": 601}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Mexican hispanics live in greater Boston?", "id": "56e1441acd28a01900c67704", "answers": [{"text": "25,000+", "answer_start": 682}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Colombians live in greater Boston?", "id": "56e1441acd28a01900c67705", "answers": [{"text": "22,000+", "answer_start": 716}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city, especially the East Boston neighborhood, has a significant Hispanic community. Hispanics in Boston are mostly of Puerto Rican (30,506 or 4.9% of total city population), Dominican (25,648 or 4.2% of total city population), Salvadoran (10,850 or 1.8% of city population), Colombian (6,649 or 1.1% of total city population), Mexican (5,961 or 1.0% of total city population), and Guatemalan (4,451 or 0.7% of total city population) ethnic origin. When including all Hispanic national origins, they number 107,917. In Greater Boston, these numbers grow significantly with Puerto Ricans numbering 175,000+, Dominicans 95,000+, Salvadorans 40,000+, Guatemalans 31,000+, Mexicans 25,000+, and Colombians numbering 22,000+."}], ["Orang-orang keturunan Ireland membentuk kumpulan etnik tunggal terbesar di bandar ini, membentuk 15.8% daripada penduduk, diikuti oleh orang Itali, menyumbang 8.3% daripada penduduk. Orang-orang dari keturunan India Barat dan Karibia adalah satu lagi kumpulan yang besar, pada 6.0%, kira-kira separuh daripada mereka adalah keturunan Haiti. Lebih 27,000 warga Amerika Tionghoa membuat rumah mereka di bandar Boston tepat pada tahun 2013, dan bandar ini menjadi tuan rumah Chinatown yang semakin meningkat yang menampung laluan bas milik China ke dan dari Chinatown, Manhattan. Sesetengah kejiranan, seperti Dorchester, telah menerima kemasukan orang-orang keturunan Vietnam dalam beberapa dekad kebelakangan ini. Kejiranan seperti Jamaica Plain dan Roslindale telah mengalami peningkatan jumlah orang Dominican Amerika. Bandaraya dan kawasan yang lebih luas juga mempunyai penduduk pendatang yang semakin meningkat di Asia Selatan, termasuk masyarakat India yang kesepuluh terbesar di negara ini. <> Apa orang membentuk kumpulan etnik terbesar di bandar? || Orang keturunan Ireland <> Berapa peratus daripada penduduk bandar ini adalah orang Ireland? || 15.8% <> Apakah kumpulan etnik kedua terbesar di bandar ini? || Bahasa Itali <> Berapa peratus daripada penduduk bandar itu adalah bahasa Itali? || 8.3% <> Berapa ramai warga Amerika tinggal di Boston City pada 2013? || Lebih 27,000", {"qas": [{"question": "What people form the largest ethnic group in the city?", "id": "56e141e2e3433e1400422d04", "answers": [{"text": "People of Irish descent", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the city's population is Irish?", "id": "56e141e2e3433e1400422d05", "answers": [{"text": "15.8%", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the second largest ethnic group in the city?", "id": "56e141e2e3433e1400422d06", "answers": [{"text": "Italians", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the citys population is italian?", "id": "56e141e2e3433e1400422d07", "answers": [{"text": "8.3%", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Chinese Americans lived in Boston City proper in 2013?", "id": "56e141e2e3433e1400422d08", "answers": [{"text": "Over 27,000", "answer_start": 295}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "People of Irish descent form the largest single ethnic group in the city, making up 15.8% of the population, followed by Italians, accounting for 8.3% of the population. People of West Indian and Caribbean ancestry are another sizable group, at 6.0%, about half of whom are of Haitian ancestry. Over 27,000 Chinese Americans made their home in Boston city proper in 2013, and the city hosts a growing Chinatown accommodating heavily traveled Chinese-owned bus lines to and from Chinatown, Manhattan. Some neighborhoods, such as Dorchester, have received an influx of people of Vietnamese ancestry in recent decades. Neighborhoods such as Jamaica Plain and Roslindale have experienced a growing number of Dominican Americans. The city and greater area also has a growing immigrant population of South Asians, including the tenth-largest Indian community in the country."}], ["Pada tahun 1950, putih mewakili 94.7% penduduk Boston. Dari tahun 1950-an hingga akhir abad ke-20, perkadaran putih bukan-Hispanik di bandar merosot; Pada tahun 2000, putih bukan-Hispanik membentuk 49.5% penduduk bandar, menjadikan bandar minoriti-minoriti buat kali pertama. Walau bagaimanapun, dalam tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini, bandar telah mengalami gentrifikasi yang ketara, di mana putih kaya telah berpindah ke kawasan bekas putih. Pada tahun 2006, Biro Banci Amerika Syarikat menganggarkan bahawa orang kulit putih yang bukan-Hispanik lagi membentuk majoriti yang sedikit. Tetapi pada 2010, sebahagiannya disebabkan oleh kemalangan perumahan, serta peningkatan usaha untuk menjadikan lebih banyak perumahan yang mampu dimiliki, populasi minoriti telah pulih. Ini mungkin juga berkaitan dengan penduduk Latin yang semakin meningkat dan lebih jelas mengenai statistik Banci Amerika Syarikat, yang menunjukkan penduduk Putih Bukan 47 peratus (beberapa laporan memberikan angka yang lebih rendah). <> Sebanyak peratus populasi Boston telah putih pada tahun 1950? || 94.7% <> Pada tahun 2000, apa yang orang perseorangan tidak berpanik dan putih? || 49.5% <> Berapa tahun minoriti menjadi majoriti penduduk buat kali pertama? || 2000 <> Dalam tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini, penduduk kampung telah mula bergerak di mana? || bekas kawasan tidak putih <> Tahun berapa putih bukan kulit putih sekali lagi menjadi majoriti penduduk? || 2006", {"qas": [{"question": "What percent of Boston's population was white in 1950?", "id": "56e140e5cd28a01900c676f7", "answers": [{"text": "94.7%", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2000, what percen tof the population were non hispanic and white?", "id": "56e140e5cd28a01900c676f8", "answers": [{"text": "49.5%", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did minorities become the majority of the population for the first time?", "id": "56e140e5cd28a01900c676f9", "answers": [{"text": "2000", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In recent years, the whote population has begun to move where?", "id": "56e140e5cd28a01900c676fa", "answers": [{"text": "formerly non-white areas", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did non hispanic whites once again become the majority of the population?", "id": "56e140e5cd28a01900c676fb", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 436}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1950, whites represented 94.7% of Boston's population. From the 1950s to the end of the 20th century, the proportion of non-Hispanic whites in the city declined; in 2000, non-Hispanic whites made up 49.5% of the city's population, making the city majority-minority for the first time. However, in recent years the city has experienced significant gentrification, in which affluent whites have moved into formerly non-white areas. In 2006, the US Census Bureau estimated that non-Hispanic whites again formed a slight majority. But as of 2010, in part due to the housing crash, as well as increased efforts to make more affordable housing more available, the minority population has rebounded. This may also have to do with an increased Latino population and more clarity surrounding US Census statistics, which indicate a Non-Hispanic White population of 47 percent (some reports give slightly lower figures)."}], ["Kabus agak biasa, terutamanya pada musim bunga dan awal musim panas, dan ribut tropika atau badai sekali-sekala boleh mengancam rantau ini, terutamanya pada akhir musim panas dan awal musim gugur. Oleh kerana keadaannya di sepanjang Atlantik Utara, bandar ini sering menerima angin laut, terutamanya pada musim bunga lewat, apabila suhu air masih agak sejuk dan suhu di pantai boleh melebihi 20 \u00b0 F (11 \u00b0 C) lebih sejuk daripada beberapa batu di pedalaman, kadang-kadang menjatuhkan jumlah itu berhampiran tengah hari. Badai petir berlaku dari Mei hingga September, yang kadang-kadang teruk dengan hujan besar, merusak angin dan hujan lebat. Walaupun pusat bandar Boston tidak pernah terkena tornado ganas, bandar itu sendiri telah mengalami banyak amaran angin puting beliung. Ribut merosakkan lebih kerap berlaku di kawasan utara, barat, dan barat laut bandaraya. Boston mempunyai iklim yang agak cerah untuk bandar pantai di latitudnya, dengan purata lebih 2,600 jam cahaya matahari setiap tahun. <> Semasa apa musim kabus biasa di Boston? || musim bunga dan awal musim panas <> Bila ribut tropika dan ribut taufan mengancam Boston? || akhir musim panas dan awal musim luruh <> angin laut berlaku pada musim apa? || musim luruh <> Berapa bulan ribut petir berlaku di Boston? || Mei hingga September <> Berapa jam purata cahaya matahari setiap tahun di Boston? || 2,600", {"qas": [{"question": "During what seasons is fog common in Boston?", "id": "56e13b0ae3433e1400422ce6", "answers": [{"text": "spring and early summer", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When can tropical storms and hurricanes threaten Boston?", "id": "56e13b0ae3433e1400422ce7", "answers": [{"text": "late summer and early autumn", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Sea breezes occur during what season?", "id": "56e13b0ae3433e1400422ce8", "answers": [{"text": "late spring", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What months do thunderstorms occur in Boston?", "id": "56e13b0ae3433e1400422ce9", "answers": [{"text": "May to September", "answer_start": 504}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average hours of sunshine per year in Boston?", "id": "56e13b0ae3433e1400422cea", "answers": [{"text": "2,600", "answer_start": 898}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Fog is fairly common, particularly in spring and early summer, and the occasional tropical storm or hurricane can threaten the region, especially in late summer and early autumn. Due to its situation along the North Atlantic, the city often receives sea breezes, especially in the late spring, when water temperatures are still quite cold and temperatures at the coast can be more than 20 \u00b0F (11 \u00b0C) colder than a few miles inland, sometimes dropping by that amount near midday. Thunderstorms occur from May to September, that are occasionally severe with large hail, damaging winds and heavy downpours. Although downtown Boston has never been struck by a violent tornado, the city itself has experienced many tornado warnings. Damaging storms are more common to areas north, west, and northwest of the city. Boston has a relatively sunny climate for a coastal city at its latitude, averaging over 2,600 hours of sunshine per annum."}], ["Boston mempunyai iklim kontinental dengan beberapa pengaruh maritim, dan menggunakan isotherm bulan paling panas (Januari) -3 \u00b0 C (27 \u00b0 F), bandar terletak dalam zon peralihan dari iklim subtropika lembap (K\u00f6ppen Cfa) ke iklim kontinental lembap (K\u00f6ppen Dfa), walaupun pinggir bandar utara dan barat bandaraya adalah lebih sejuk pada musim sejuk dan secara teguh jatuh di bawah pengkategorian kedua; bandar ini terletak pada peralihan antara zon ketahanan tumbuhan USDA 6b (kebanyakan kota) dan 7a (Downtown, Boston Selatan, dan kejiranan Boston Timur). Musim panas biasanya hangat hingga panas, hujan, dan lembap, sementara musim sejuk berayun antara tempoh hujan sejuk dan salji, dengan suhu sejuk. Musim bunga dan musim gugur biasanya ringan, dengan keadaan yang berbeza bergantung kepada arah angin dan kedudukan aliran jet. Corak angin yang melanda yang meniup di luar pantai meminimumkan pengaruh Lautan Atlantik. Bulan paling panas adalah bulan Julai, dengan suhu purata 73.4 \u00b0 F (23.0 \u00b0 C). Bulan paling sejuk ialah Januari, dengan purata 29.0 \u00b0 F (-1.7 \u00b0 C). Tempoh melebihi 90 \u00b0 F (32 \u00b0 C) pada musim panas dan di bawah beku pada musim sejuk adalah tidak biasa tetapi jarang diperluaskan, dengan kira-kira 13 dan 25 hari setiap tahun melihat masing-masing, masing-masing. Bacaan sub-0 \u00b0 F (-18 \u00b0 C) yang paling baru berlaku pada 14 Februari 2016 apabila suhu turun ke -9 \u00b0 F (-23 \u00b0 C), bacaan paling sejuk sejak tahun 1957. Selain itu, beberapa dekad boleh lulus antara pembacaan 100 \u00b0 F (38 \u00b0 C), dengan kejadian terkini pada 22 Julai 2011 ketika suhu mencapai 103 \u00b0 F (39 \u00b0 C). Tingkap purata bandar untuk suhu beku adalah 9 November hingga 5 April. [C] Rekod suhu rasmi berkisar antara -18 \u00b0 F (-28 \u00b0 C) pada 9 Februari 1934, sehingga 104 \u00b0 F (40 \u00b0 C) pada 4 Julai 1911; maksimum rekod sejuk harian adalah 2 \u00b0 F (-17 \u00b0 C) pada 30 Disember 1917, manakala, sebaliknya, rekod minimum harian hangat adalah 83 \u00b0 F (28 \u00b0 C) pada 2 Ogos 1975. Sebagian besar bandar terletak di zon ketahanan USDA? || 6b <> Apa yang meminimumkan pengaruh lautan Atlantik di cuaca Bostons? || Corak angin yang berlaku <> Apa bulan paling panas di Boston? || Julai <> Apa bulan paling sejuk di Boston? || Januari", {"qas": [{"question": "Most of the city lies in which USDA plant hardiness zone?", "id": "56e13873cd28a01900c676c6", "answers": [{"text": "6b", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What minimizes the influence of the Atlantic ocean on Bostons weather?", "id": "56e13873cd28a01900c676c7", "answers": [{"text": "Prevailing wind patterns", "answer_start": 797}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the hottest month in Boston?", "id": "56e13873cd28a01900c676c8", "answers": [{"text": "July", "answer_start": 908}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the coldest month in Boston?", "id": "56e13873cd28a01900c676c9", "answers": [{"text": "January", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Boston has a continental climate with some maritime influence, and using the \u22123 \u00b0C (27 \u00b0F) coldest month (January) isotherm, the city lies within the transition zone from a humid subtropical climate (K\u00f6ppen Cfa) to a humid continental climate (K\u00f6ppen Dfa), although the suburbs north and west of the city are significantly colder in winter and solidly fall under the latter categorization; the city lies at the transition between USDA plant hardiness zones 6b (most of the city) and 7a (Downtown, South Boston, and East Boston neighborhoods). Summers are typically warm to hot, rainy, and humid, while winters oscillate between periods of cold rain and snow, with cold temperatures. Spring and fall are usually mild, with varying conditions dependent on wind direction and jet stream positioning. Prevailing wind patterns that blow offshore minimize the influence of the Atlantic Ocean. The hottest month is July, with a mean temperature of 73.4 \u00b0F (23.0 \u00b0C). The coldest month is January, with a mean of 29.0 \u00b0F (\u22121.7 \u00b0C). Periods exceeding 90 \u00b0F (32 \u00b0C) in summer and below freezing in winter are not uncommon but rarely extended, with about 13 and 25 days per year seeing each, respectively. The most recent sub-0 \u00b0F (\u221218 \u00b0C) reading occurring on February 14, 2016 when the temperature dipped down to \u22129 \u00b0F (\u221223 \u00b0C), the coldest reading since 1957. In addition, several decades may pass between 100 \u00b0F (38 \u00b0C) readings, with the most recent such occurrence on July 22, 2011 when the temperature reached 103 \u00b0F (39 \u00b0C). The city's average window for freezing temperatures is November 9 through April 5.[c] Official temperature records have ranged from \u221218 \u00b0F (\u221228 \u00b0C) on February 9, 1934, up to 104 \u00b0F (40 \u00b0C) on July 4, 1911; the record cold daily maximum is 2 \u00b0F (\u221217 \u00b0C) on December 30, 1917, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 83 \u00b0F (28 \u00b0C) on August 2, 1975."}], ["Bandar ini dianggap sangat inovatif untuk pelbagai sebab, termasuk kehadiran akademia, akses kepada modal teroka, dan kehadiran banyak syarikat berteknologi tinggi. Koridor Route 128 dan Greater Boston terus menjadi pusat utama pelaburan modal teroka, dan teknologi tinggi kekal sebagai sektor penting. <> Bandar ini inovatif kerana ia mempunyai akses kepada jenis modal apa? || modal teroka <> Terdapat kehadiran tinggi apa jenis syarikat di bandar? || syarikat berteknologi tinggi <> Route 128 dan Greater Boston adalah pusat untuk jenis pelaburan apa? || pelaburan modal teroka <> Apa yang kekal sebagai sektor penting? || Teknologi tinggi", {"qas": [{"question": "The city is innovative becaus eit has access to what type of capital?", "id": "56e14ae1e3433e1400422d6c", "answers": [{"text": "venture capital", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "There is a  high presence of what type of company in the city?", "id": "56e14ae1e3433e1400422d6d", "answers": [{"text": "high-tech companies", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Route 128 and Greater Boston are centers for what type of investment?", "id": "56e14ae1e3433e1400422d6e", "answers": [{"text": "venture capital investment", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What remains an important sector?", "id": "56e14ae1e3433e1400422d6f", "answers": [{"text": "high technology", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city is considered highly innovative for a variety of reasons, including the presence of academia, access to venture capital, and the presence of many high-tech companies. The Route 128 corridor and Greater Boston continue to be a major center for venture capital investment, and high technology remains an important sector."}], ["Sekolah swasta yang lebih kecil termasuk Kolej Babson, Universiti Bentley, Kolej Senibina Boston, Kolej Emmanuel, Kolej Fisher, Institut Kesihatan Profesional MGH, Kolej Farmasi Massachusetts dan Sains Kesihatan, Kolej Simmons, Kolej Wellesley, Kolej Wheelock, Institut Teknologi Wentworth, New England Sekolah Undang-undang (yang mula ditubuhkan sebagai sekolah undang-undang perempuan pertama di Amerika), dan Emerson College. <> Babson College adalah jenis institusi apa? || Sekolah swasta yang lebih kecil <> Sekolah kecil swasta apa yang terletak di Boston? || New England School of Law <> Apakah nama Amerika pertama semua sekolah undang-undang perempuan? || New England School of Law", {"qas": [{"question": "Babson College is what type of institution?", "id": "56e150c4e3433e1400422db4", "answers": [{"text": "Smaller private schools", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What small private law school is located in Boston?", "id": "56e150c4e3433e1400422db5", "answers": [{"text": "New England School of Law", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Americas first all female law school?", "id": "56e150c4e3433e1400422db6", "answers": [{"text": "New England School of Law", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Smaller private schools include Babson College, Bentley University, Boston Architectural College, Emmanuel College, Fisher College, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Simmons College, Wellesley College, Wheelock College, Wentworth Institute of Technology, New England School of Law (originally established as America's first all female law school), and Emerson College."}], ["Sebuah bandaraya global, Boston ditempatkan di antara 30 bandar paling kuat di dunia yang berkuasa di dunia. Meliputi $ 363 bilion, kawasan metropolitan Greater Boston mempunyai ekonomi keenam terbesar di negara ini dan ke-12 terbesar di dunia. <> Kedudukan apa yang dipegang oleh Boston sejauh menjadi bandar yang berkuasa dari segi ekonomi di dunia? || antara 30 teratas <> Apakah ekonomi Boston? || $ 363 bilion <> Kedudukan apa di negara ini yang Greater Boston metro memegang sejauh ekonomi? || kedudukan keenam <> Apa kedudukan di dunia yang lebih besar memegang metro Boston sejauh ekonomi? || 12th terbesar", {"qas": [{"question": "What rank does Boston hold as far as being an economically powerful city in the world?", "id": "56e14848cd28a01900c67739", "answers": [{"text": "among the top 30", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the economy of Boston?", "id": "56e14848cd28a01900c6773a", "answers": [{"text": "$363 billion", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ranking in the country does Greater Boston metro hold as far as economy?", "id": "56e14848cd28a01900c6773b", "answers": [{"text": "sixth-largest", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ranking in the world does greater Boston metro hold as far as economy?", "id": "56e14848cd28a01900c6773c", "answers": [{"text": "12th-largest", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A global city, Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world. Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world."}], ["Pelancongan juga membentuk sebahagian besar ekonomi Boston, dengan 21.2 juta pelawat domestik dan antarabangsa menghabiskan $ 8.3 bilion pada tahun 2011; tidak termasuk pelawat dari Kanada dan Mexico, lebih daripada 1.4 juta pelancong antarabangsa melawat Boston pada tahun 2014, dengan orang-orang dari China dan United Kingdom mengetuai senarai itu. Status Boston sebagai ibu negeri serta rumah serantau agensi persekutuan telah menjadikan undang-undang dan kerajaan sebagai komponen utama ekonomi bandar. Bandar ini merupakan pelabuhan utama di sepanjang Pantai Timur Amerika Syarikat dan pelabuhan perindustrian dan perikanan yang paling lama dikendalikan di Hemisfera Barat. <> Sebilangan besar ekonomi Boston terdiri daripada apa? || Pelancongan <> Berapa ramai pelancong melawat Boston pada tahun 2011? || 21.2 juta <> Berapa ramai pelancong yang menginap di Boston pada tahun 2011? || $ 8.3 bilion <> Tahun berapakah bilangan Pelancong dari China dan UK atas senarai? || 2014", {"qas": [{"question": "A large part of Boston's economy is made up of what?", "id": "56e14c63e3433e1400422d74", "answers": [{"text": "Tourism", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many tourists visited Boston in 2011?", "id": "56e14c63e3433e1400422d75", "answers": [{"text": "21.2 million", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did tourists spend in Boston in 2011?", "id": "56e14c63e3433e1400422d76", "answers": [{"text": "$8.3 billion", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the number of Tourists from china and the UK top the list?", "id": "56e14c63e3433e1400422d77", "answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Tourism also composes a large part of Boston's economy, with 21.2 million domestic and international visitors spending $8.3 billion in 2011; excluding visitors from Canada and Mexico, over 1.4 million international tourists visited Boston in 2014, with those from China and the United Kingdom leading the list. Boston's status as a state capital as well as the regional home of federal agencies has rendered law and government to be another major component of the city's economy. The city is a major seaport along the United States' East Coast and the oldest continuously operated industrial and fishing port in the Western Hemisphere."}], ["Menurut satu kajian pada tahun 2014 oleh Pusat Penyelidikan Pew, 57% penduduk bandar mengenal pasti diri mereka sebagai orang Kristian, dengan 25% mengakui kehadiran di pelbagai jemaat yang boleh dianggap Protestan, dan 29% menganut kepercayaan Roman Katolik. sementara 33% menuntut tiada gabungan agama. Kajian yang sama mengatakan bahawa agama-agama lain (termasuk Yudaisme, Buddhisme, Islam, dan Hindu) secara kolektif membentuk sekitar 10% penduduk. <> Pada 2014, berapa peratus daripada bandar yang dikenal pasti sebagai Kristian? || 57% <> Pada 2014, berapa peratus daripada bandar yang dikenal pasti sebagai Protestan? || 25% <> Pada 2014, berapa peratus daripada City of Boston adalah Katolik? || 29% <> Pada tahun 2014, berapa peratus penduduk Bostons yang tidak mendakwa tergolong dalam agama? || 33% <> Pada tahun 2014, agama lain gila berapa peratus penduduk kota? || 10%", {"qas": [{"question": "In 2014, what percentage of the city identified as Christian?", "id": "56e145b6e3433e1400422d28", "answers": [{"text": "57%", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2014, what percentage of the city identified as Protestant?", "id": "56e145b6e3433e1400422d29", "answers": [{"text": "25%", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2014, what percent of the City of Boston was Catholic?", "id": "56e145b6e3433e1400422d2a", "answers": [{"text": "29%", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2014, what percentage of Bostons residents did not claim to belong to any religion?", "id": "56e145b6e3433e1400422d2b", "answers": [{"text": "33%", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2014, other religions mad eup what percentage of the citys population?", "id": "56e145b6e3433e1400422d2c", "answers": [{"text": "10%", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, 57% of the population of the city identified themselves as Christians, with 25% professing attendance at a variety of churches that could be considered Protestant, and 29% professing Roman Catholic beliefs. while 33% claim no religious affiliation. The same study says that other religions (including Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism) collectively make up about 10% of the population."}], ["Sekolah Awam Boston mendaftar 57,000 pelajar yang menghadiri 145 buah sekolah, termasuk Akademi Latin Boston yang terkenal, John D. O'Bryant School of Math & Science, dan Boston Latin School. Boston Latin School, ditubuhkan 1635, adalah sekolah menengah awam tertua di Amerika Syarikat; Boston juga mengendalikan sekolah menengah kedua tertua di Amerika Syarikat, dan sekolah rendah awam tertua. Pelajar sistem ini adalah 40% Hispanik atau Latino, 35% Hitam atau Afrika Amerika, 13% Putih, dan 9% Asia. Terdapat sekolah swasta, parochial, dan piagam juga, dan kira-kira 3,300 pelajar minoriti menghadiri sekolah pinggir bandar yang mengambil bahagian melalui Majlis Peluang Pendidikan Metropolitan. <> Berapa banyak pelajar di sekolah awam Boston? || 57,000 <> Berapa banyak sekolah di Boston? || 145 sekolah <> Apakah sekolah menengah awam tertua di Amerika Syarikat? || The Boston Latin School <> Berapa peratus daripada pelajar awam Bostons adalah orang Afrika Amerika? || 35%", {"qas": [{"question": "How many students are in Boston Public schools?", "id": "56e14eddcd28a01900c6778d", "answers": [{"text": "57,000", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many schools are in Boston?", "id": "56e14eddcd28a01900c6778e", "answers": [{"text": "145 schools", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the oldest public high school in the US?", "id": "56e14eddcd28a01900c6778f", "answers": [{"text": "The Boston Latin School", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Bostons public students are African American?", "id": "56e14eddcd28a01900c67791", "answers": [{"text": "35%", "answer_start": 438}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Boston Public Schools enrolls 57,000 students attending 145 schools, including the renowned Boston Latin Academy, John D. O'Bryant School of Math & Science, and Boston Latin School. The Boston Latin School, established 1635, is the oldest public high school in the US; Boston also operates the United States' second oldest public high school, and its oldest public elementary school. The system's students are 40% Hispanic or Latino, 35% Black or African American, 13% White, and 9% Asian. There are private, parochial, and charter schools as well, and approximately 3,300 minority students attend participating suburban schools through the Metropolitan Educational Opportunity Council."}], ["Setakat tahun 2010, Gereja Katolik mempunyai bilangan pengikut yang paling tinggi sebagai satu denominasi tunggal di kawasan Boston-Cambridge-Newton Metro, dengan lebih daripada dua juta ahli dan 339 gereja, diikuti oleh Gereja Episcopal dengan 58,000 penganut di 160 gereja. Gereja United Kristus mempunyai 55,000 ahli dan 213 gereja. UCC adalah pengganti tradisi keagamaan Puritan di bandar ini. Gereja Old South di Boston adalah salah satu jemaat tertua di Amerika Syarikat. Ia dianjurkan pada tahun 1669 oleh orang-orang yang bertentangan dari Gereja Pertama di Boston (1630). Ahli-ahli terdahulu termasuk Samuel Adams, William Dawes, Benjamin Franklin, Samuel Sewall, dan Phillis Wheatley. Pada 1773, Adams memberi isyarat dari Old South House Meeting yang memulakan Parti Teh Boston. <> Berapa ramai ahli yang menghadiri Gereja Katolik di kawasan Boston pada tahun 2010? || dua juta <> Berapa banyak gereja Katolik berada di kawasan Boston pada tahun 2010? || 339 <> Berapa banyak gereja Episcopal berada di kawasan Metro Boston pada tahun 2010? || 160 <> Apa gereja Boston adalah salah satu jemaat tertua di Amerika Syarikat? || Old South Church <> Tahun apa yang dianjurkan oleh Gereja Old South? || 1669", {"qas": [{"question": "How many member attended the Catholic Church in the Boston area in 2010?", "id": "56e14735cd28a01900c6771d", "answers": [{"text": "two million", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Catholic churches were in the Boston area in 2010?", "id": "56e14735cd28a01900c6771e", "answers": [{"text": "339", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Episcopal churches were in the Boston Metro area in 2010?", "id": "56e14735cd28a01900c6771f", "answers": [{"text": "160", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Boston church is one of the oldest congregations in the US?", "id": "56e14735cd28a01900c67720", "answers": [{"text": "Old South Church", "answer_start": 394}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Old South Church organized?", "id": "56e14735cd28a01900c67721", "answers": [{"text": "1669", "answer_start": 498}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As of 2010 the Catholic Church had the highest number of adherents as a single denomination in the Boston-Cambridge-Newton Metro area, with more than two million members and 339 churches, followed by the Episcopal Church with 58,000 adherents in 160 churches. The United Church of Christ had 55,000 members and 213 churches. The UCC is the successor of the city's Puritan religious traditions. Old South Church in Boston is one of the oldest congregations in the United States. It was organized in 1669 by dissenters from the First Church in Boston (1630). Notable past members include Samuel Adams, William Dawes, Benjamin Franklin, Samuel Sewall, and Phillis Wheatley. In 1773, Adams gave the signals from the Old South Meeting House that started the Boston Tea Party."}], ["Kolej dan universiti Boston mempunyai kesan yang signifikan terhadap ekonomi serantau. Boston menarik lebih daripada 350,000 pelajar kolej dari seluruh dunia, yang menyumbang lebih daripada $ 4.8 bilion setahun kepada ekonomi bandaraya. Sekolah-sekolah kawasan itu adalah majikan-majikan utama dan menarik industri-industri ke bandar dan kawasan sekitarnya. Bandar ini adalah rumah kepada beberapa syarikat teknologi dan merupakan hab bioteknologi, dengan penarafan Milken Institute Boston sebagai cluster sains hayat teratas di negara ini. Boston menerima jumlah pembiayaan tahunan mutlak tertinggi dari Institut Kesihatan Nasional di semua bandar di Amerika Syarikat. <> Berapa ramai pelajar kolej yang menarik di Boston? || lebih daripada 350,000 <> Pelajar dari seluruh dunia menyumbang berapa setahun untuk ekonomi Bostons? || $ 4.8 bilion <> Oleh kerana bilangan syarikat berteknologi, bandar adalah hub untuk apa? || bioteknologi <> Institut Milken mengumumkan Boston sebagai bahagian atas apa yang ada di negara ini? || cluster sains hayat <> Dari semua bandar di Amerika Syarikat, Boston menerima jumlah dana yang paling banyak dari mana? || Institut Kesihatan Nasional", {"qas": [{"question": "How many college students does Boston attract?", "id": "56e149c7cd28a01900c67741", "answers": [{"text": "more than 350,000", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Students from around the world contribute how much a year to Bostons economy?", "id": "56e149c7cd28a01900c67742", "answers": [{"text": "$4.8 billion", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Because of the number of tech companies, the city is a hub for what?", "id": "56e149c7cd28a01900c67743", "answers": [{"text": "biotechnology", "answer_start": 398}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Milken Institute rated Boston as the top what in the country?", "id": "56e149c7cd28a01900c67744", "answers": [{"text": "life sciences cluster", "answer_start": 464}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of all cities in the US, Boston received the highest amount of funding from where?", "id": "56e149c7cd28a01900c67745", "answers": [{"text": "the National Institutes of Health", "answer_start": 569}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Boston's colleges and universities have a significant effect on the regional economy. Boston attracts more than 350,000 college students from around the world, who contribute more than $4.8 billion annually to the city's economy. The area's schools are major employers and attract industries to the city and surrounding region. The city is home to a number of technology companies and is a hub for biotechnology, with the Milken Institute rating Boston as the top life sciences cluster in the country. Boston receives the highest absolute amount of annual funding from the National Institutes of Health of all cities in the United States."}], ["Sebahagian daripada universiti paling terkenal dan paling tinggi di dunia terletak di kawasan Boston. Empat anggota Persatuan Universiti Amerika berada di Greater Boston (lebih daripada kawasan metropolitan lain): Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston University, dan Brandeis University. Hospital, universiti, dan institusi penyelidikan di Greater Boston menerima lebih daripada $ 1.77 bilion dalam geran National Institutes of Health pada tahun 2013, lebih banyak wang daripada mana-mana kawasan metropolitan Amerika yang lain. Greater Boston mempunyai lebih daripada 100 kolej dan universiti, dengan 250,000 pelajar mendaftar di Boston dan Cambridge sahaja. Universiti swasta terbesarnya ialah Boston University (majikan keempat terbesar di bandar ini) dengan kampus utamanya di Commonwealth Avenue dan kampus perubatan di South End; Universiti Northeastern di kawasan Fenway; Universiti Suffolk berhampiran Beacon Hill, yang merangkumi sekolah undang-undang dan sekolah perniagaan; dan Boston College, yang mengatasi sempadan Boston (Brighton) -Newton. Universiti awam hanya Boston adalah Universiti Massachusetts Boston, di Columbia Point di Dorchester. Kolej Komuniti Roxbury dan Kolej Komuniti Bunker Hill adalah dua kolej komuniti awam di bandar ini. Secara kolektif, kolej dan universiti di Boston menguasai lebih daripada 42,600 orang, menyumbang hampir 7 peratus tenaga kerja di bandar ini. <> Berapa ramai ahli Persatuan Universiti Amerika di Boston? || empat <> Berapa banyak pelajar yang mendaftar di boston dan Cambridge? || 250,000 <> Siapakah majikan terbesar keempat bandar raya? || Universiti Boston", {"qas": [{"question": "How many member of the Association of American Universities are in Boston?", "id": "56e1500fcd28a01900c677a1", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 727}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many students are enrolled in boston and Cambridge?", "id": "56e1500fcd28a01900c677a4", "answers": [{"text": "250,000", "answer_start": 599}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the citys fourth largest employer?", "id": "56e1500fcd28a01900c677a5", "answers": [{"text": "Boston University", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some of the most renowned and highly ranked universities in the world are located in the Boston area. Four members of the Association of American Universities are in Greater Boston (more than any other metropolitan area): Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston University, and Brandeis University. Hospitals, universities, and research institutions in Greater Boston received more than $1.77 billion in National Institutes of Health grants in 2013, more money than any other American metropolitan area. Greater Boston has more than 100 colleges and universities, with 250,000 students enrolled in Boston and Cambridge alone. Its largest private universities include Boston University (the city's fourth-largest employer) with its main campus along Commonwealth Avenue and a medical campus in the South End; Northeastern University in the Fenway area; Suffolk University near Beacon Hill, which includes law school and business school; and Boston College, which straddles the Boston (Brighton)\u2013Newton border. Boston's only public university is the University of Massachusetts Boston, on Columbia Point in Dorchester. Roxbury Community College and Bunker Hill Community College are the city's two public community colleges. Altogether, Boston's colleges and universities employ over 42,600 people, accounting for nearly 7 percent of the city's workforce."}], ["Industri penting lain adalah perkhidmatan kewangan, terutamanya dana bersama dan insurans. Fidelity Investments yang berpangkalan di Boston membantu mempopularkan dana bersama pada 1980-an dan telah menjadikan Boston salah satu daripada bandar kewangan utama di Amerika Syarikat. Bandar ini adalah ibu pejabat Santander Bank, dan Boston adalah pusat bagi firma modal teroka. State Street Corporation, yang mengkhusus dalam perkhidmatan pengurusan dan penjagaan aset, berpusat di bandar. Boston adalah pusat percetakan dan penerbitan - Houghton Mifflin Harcourt beribu pejabat di bandar, bersama dengan Bedford-St. Martin's Press dan Beacon Press. Unit penerbitan Pearson PLC juga menggunakan beberapa ratus orang di Boston. Bandar ini adalah rumah kepada tiga pusat konvensyen utama-Pusat Konvensyen Hynes di Back Bay, dan Pusat Dagangan Dunia Seaport dan Pusat Konvensyen dan Pameran Boston di tepi pantai South Boston. General Electric Corporation mengumumkan pada Januari 2016 keputusannya untuk memindahkan ibu pejabat global syarikat ke Daerah Seaport di Boston, dari Fairfield, Connecticut, yang memetik faktor termasuk keunggulan Boston dalam bidang pendidikan tinggi. <> Reksa dana dan insurans adalah jenis industri apa? || perkhidmatan kewangan <> Apa syarikat pelaburan Boston membantu membuat reksa dana yang popular pada tahun 1980-an? || Pelaburan Fidelity <> Apa yang membantu menjadikan Boston salah satu daripada bandar kewangan teratas di AS? || Fidelity Investments <> Boston adalah pusat untuk apa jenis firma modal? || modal teroka <> Pada tahun 2016, GE Corporation memutuskan untuk memindahkan ibu pejabat global ke mana? || Daerah Seaport di Boston", {"qas": [{"question": "Mutual funds and insurance are what type of industry?", "id": "56e14e04cd28a01900c67779", "answers": [{"text": "financial services", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Boston investment firm helped make mutual funds popular in the 1980's?", "id": "56e14e04cd28a01900c6777a", "answers": [{"text": "Fidelity Investments", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What helped make Boston one of the top financial cities in the US?", "id": "56e14e04cd28a01900c6777b", "answers": [{"text": "Fidelity Investments", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Boston is the center for what type of capital firms?", "id": "56e14e04cd28a01900c6777c", "answers": [{"text": "venture capital", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2016, GE Corporation decided to move its global headquarters to where?", "id": "56e14e04cd28a01900c6777d", "answers": [{"text": "the Seaport District in Boston", "answer_start": 1019}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Other important industries are financial services, especially mutual funds and insurance. Boston-based Fidelity Investments helped popularize the mutual fund in the 1980s and has made Boston one of the top financial cities in the United States. The city is home to the headquarters of Santander Bank, and Boston is a center for venture capital firms. State Street Corporation, which specializes in asset management and custody services, is based in the city. Boston is a printing and publishing center \u2014 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt is headquartered within the city, along with Bedford-St. Martin's Press and Beacon Press. Pearson PLC publishing units also employ several hundred people in Boston. The city is home to three major convention centers\u2014the Hynes Convention Center in the Back Bay, and the Seaport World Trade Center and Boston Convention and Exhibition Center on the South Boston waterfront. The General Electric Corporation announced in January 2016 its decision to move the company's global headquarters to the Seaport District in Boston, from Fairfield, Connecticut, citing factors including Boston's preeminence in the realm of higher education."}], ["Pada tahun 2008, terdapat 62 pembunuhan yang dilaporkan. Melalui 20 Disember setiap 2014 dan 2015, Jabatan Polis Boston melaporkan 52 dan 39 pembunuhan. <> Berapa banyak pembunuhan yang dilaporkan berlaku pada tahun 2008? || 62 <> Berapa banyak pembunuhan di sana pada 2014? || 52 <> Berapa banyak pembunuhan di Boston pada 2015? || 39", {"qas": [{"question": "How many reported murders were there in 2008?", "id": "56e15477e3433e1400422dce", "answers": [{"text": "62", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many murders were there in 2014?", "id": "56e15477e3433e1400422dcf", "answers": [{"text": "52", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many murders were there in Boston in 2015?", "id": "56e15477e3433e1400422dd0", "answers": [{"text": "39", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2008, there were 62 reported homicides. Through December 20 each of 2014 and 2015, the Boston Police Department reported 52 and 39 homicides, respectively."}], ["Boston berkongsi banyak akar budaya dengan New England yang lebih besar, termasuk dialek aksen Timur New England yang tidak rapi dan dikenali sebagai Boston English, dan masakan serantau dengan penekanan yang besar terhadap makanan laut, garam, dan produk tenusu. Orang Ireland Ireland adalah pengaruh besar terhadap politik dan institusi agama Boston. Boston juga mempunyai kumpulan neologisme sendiri yang dikenali sebagai slang Boston. <> Boston adalah budaya yang sama dengan kawasan apa? || lebih besar New England <> Apakah aksen Boston dikenali? || Boston English <> Yang mempengaruhi politik dan agama Boston? || Orang Amerika Ireland <> Apakah neologisme Bostons lebih dikenali sebagai? || Boston slang <> Makanan dengan penekanan pada makanan laut, garam, dan susu adalah exaple dari apa? || masakan serantau", {"qas": [{"question": "Boston is culturally similar to what area?", "id": "56e15659e3433e1400422dd4", "answers": [{"text": "greater New England", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Boston accent known as?", "id": "56e15659e3433e1400422dd5", "answers": [{"text": "Boston English", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who influences Boston's politics and religion?", "id": "56e15659e3433e1400422dd6", "answers": [{"text": "Irish Americans", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are Bostons neologisms more commonly known as?", "id": "56e15659e3433e1400422dd7", "answers": [{"text": "Boston slang", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Food with an emphasis on seafood, salt, and dairy is an exaple of what?", "id": "56e15659e3433e1400422dd8", "answers": [{"text": "regional cuisine", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Boston shares many cultural roots with greater New England, including a dialect of the non-rhotic Eastern New England accent known as Boston English, and a regional cuisine with a large emphasis on seafood, salt, and dairy products. Irish Americans are a major influence on Boston's politics and religious institutions. Boston also has its own collection of neologisms known as Boston slang."}], ["Terdapat beberapa acara tahunan utama seperti First Night, yang berlaku pada Malam Tahun Baru, Festival Muzik Awal Boston, Festival Seni Boston tahunan di Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park, dan pesta musim panas Itali di North End yang menghormati orang suci Katolik. Bandar ini adalah tapak beberapa peristiwa semasa tempoh Keempat Bulan Julai. Mereka termasuk perayaan Harbourfest selama seminggu dan konsert Boston Pops disertai dengan bunga api di tepi Sungai Charles. <> Peristiwa apa berlaku pada Malam Tahun Baru? || Malam Pertama <> Di manakah perayaan Seni Boston tahunan? || Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park <> Di mana pesta musim panas Itali diadakan? || The North End <> Whos dihormati dalam Perayaan Summer Itali? || Katolik Katolik <> Berapa lama perayaan Harbour-Fest? || selama seminggu", {"qas": [{"question": "What event occurs on New Year's Eve?", "id": "56e15993cd28a01900c67803", "answers": [{"text": "First Night", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the annual Boston Arts festival?", "id": "56e15993cd28a01900c67804", "answers": [{"text": "Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are Italian Summer feasts held?", "id": "56e15993cd28a01900c67805", "answers": [{"text": "the North End", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whos is honored in the Italian Summer Feasts?", "id": "56e15993cd28a01900c67806", "answers": [{"text": "Catholic saints", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long are the Harbor-Fest festivities?", "id": "56e15993cd28a01900c67807", "answers": [{"text": "week-long", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are several major annual events such as First Night, which occurs on New Year's Eve, the Boston Early Music Festival, the annual Boston Arts Festival at Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park, and Italian summer feasts in the North End honoring Catholic saints. The city is the site of several events during the Fourth of July period. They include the week-long Harborfest festivities and a Boston Pops concert accompanied by fireworks on the banks of the Charles River."}], ["Metropolitan Boston adalah rumah kepada beberapa konservasi dan sekolah seni, termasuk Kolej Seni dan Rekaan Universiti Lesley, Kolej Seni Massachusetts, Sekolah Seni Halus, Institut Seni New England, Sekolah Seni dan Reka Bentuk New England (Universiti Suffolk ), Sekolah Muzik Longy Bard College, dan Konservatori New England (konservatori bebas tertua di Amerika Syarikat). Konservatori lain termasuk Konservatori Boston dan Berklee College of Music, yang menjadikan Boston sebagai bandar penting untuk muzik jazz. <> Wher e adalah Lesley University College of Art dan Desighn terletak? || Metropolitan Boston <> Apa nama lain untuk sekolah Seni dan Reka bentuk New Englans || Suffolk University <> Apa konservatori tertua di Amerika Syarikat? || Konservatori New England <> Kolej apa yang memainkan peranan penting dalam membuat Boston dikenali untuk Jazz? || Berklee College of Music", {"qas": [{"question": "Wher e is Lesley University College of Art and Desighn located?", "id": "56e151c2cd28a01900c677bf", "answers": [{"text": "Metropolitan Boston", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for New Englans school of Art and Design", "id": "56e151c2cd28a01900c677c0", "answers": [{"text": "Suffolk University", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the oldest independant conservatory in the US?", "id": "56e151c2cd28a01900c677c1", "answers": [{"text": "the New England Conservatory", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What college plays an important role in making Boston known for Jazz?", "id": "56e151c2cd28a01900c677c2", "answers": [{"text": "Berklee College of Music", "answer_start": 473}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Metropolitan Boston is home to several conservatories and art schools, including Lesley University College of Art and Design, Massachusetts College of Art, the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, New England Institute of Art, New England School of Art and Design (Suffolk University), Longy School of Music of Bard College, and the New England Conservatory (the oldest independent conservatory in the United States). Other conservatories include the Boston Conservatory and Berklee College of Music, which has made Boston an important city for jazz music."}], ["Seperti banyak bandar utama Amerika, Boston telah melihat pengurangan jenayah yang ganas sejak awal tahun 1990-an. Kadar jenayah yang rendah di Boston sejak tahun 1990-an dikreditkan kepada kerjasama Jabatan Polis Boston dengan kumpulan kejiranan dan paroki gereja untuk menghalang belia daripada menyertai geng, serta penglibatan dari Pejabat Peguam Negara dan Pejabat Peguam Negara. Ini membantu memimpin sebahagian daripada apa yang telah disebut sebagai \"Keajaiban Boston\". Pembunuhan di bandar itu menurun dari 152 pada tahun 1990 (untuk kadar pembunuhan 26.5 bagi setiap 100,000 orang) kepada hanya 31 orang bukan juvana pada tahun 1999 (untuk kadar pembunuhan 5.26 setiap 100,000). <> Sejak awal 1990-an, Boston telah mengalami kurang apa jenis kejahatan? || jenayah kekerasan <> Polis Boston dan kumpulan tempatan membuat usaha untuk mengatasi belia daripada melakukan apa? || menyertai geng <> Keajaiban Boston adalah nama pengurangan jenayah dari tahun 1990 hingga 1999? || Pembunuhan <> Apakah kadar pembunuhan di Boston pada tahun 1990? || 26.5 setiap 100,000", {"qas": [{"question": "Since the early 1990's, Boston has had less of what type of crime?", "id": "56e153fee3433e1400422dc4", "answers": [{"text": "violent crime", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Boston police and local groups make an effort toprevent youth from doing what?", "id": "56e153fee3433e1400422dc5", "answers": [{"text": "joining gangs", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Boston Miracle is the name for the reduction in what crime from 1990 to 1999?", "id": "56e153fee3433e1400422dc6", "answers": [{"text": "Murders", "answer_start": 458}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the murder rate in Boston in 1990?", "id": "56e153fee3433e1400422dc8", "answers": [{"text": "26.5 per 100,000", "answer_start": 525}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Like many major American cities, Boston has seen a great reduction in violent crime since the early 1990s. Boston's low crime rate since the 1990s has been credited to the Boston Police Department's collaboration with neighborhood groups and church parishes to prevent youths from joining gangs, as well as involvement from the United States Attorney and District Attorney's offices. This helped lead in part to what has been touted as the \"Boston Miracle\". Murders in the city dropped from 152 in 1990 (for a murder rate of 26.5 per 100,000 people) to just 31\u2014not one of them a juvenile\u2014in 1999 (for a murder rate of 5.26 per 100,000)."}], ["Boston telah menjadi pusat keagamaan yang terkenal dari hari-hari awalnya. Keuskupan Agung Katolik Roma dari Boston melayani hampir 300 gereja dan berpusat di Katedral Salib Suci (1875) di South End, sementara Keuskupan Episkopal Massachusetts, dengan Gereja Katedral St. Paul (1819) sebagai tempat duduk episkopal , berkhidmat hanya di bawah 200 jemaah. Unitarian Universalism mempunyai ibu pejabatnya di Beacon Hill. Para Ilmuwan Kristian beribu pejabat di Back Bay di Gereja Ibu (1894). Gereja gereja tertua di Boston adalah Gereja Pertama di Boston, yang ditubuhkan pada tahun 1630. Gereja Chapel, gereja Anglikan pertama di dunia, ditubuhkan pada tahun 1686 dan ditukar kepada Unitarianisme pada tahun 1785. Gereja-gereja lain termasuk Christ Church (lebih dikenali sebagai Old North Church, 1723) , bangunan gereja tertua di bandar, Gereja Trinity (1733), Gereja Park Street (1809), Gereja Lama Selatan (1874), Jubilee Christian Church dan Basilika dan Makam Our Lady of Perpetual Help pada Mission Hill (1878). <> Berapa lama Boston menjadi pusat keagamaan? || dari hari-hari terawal <> Berapa ramai umat Katolik Roma Katolik berada di Boston? || hampir 300 <> Di manakah Katedral Holy Cross terletak? || The South End <> Di manakah ibu pejabat bagi Para Ahli Sains Kristian? || Back Bay <> Apakah gereja Anglikan pertama di bandar ini? || Kapel Raja", {"qas": [{"question": "How long has Boston been a religious center?", "id": "56e15bbfe3433e1400422dfc", "answers": [{"text": "from its earliest days", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Roman Catholic parishes are in Boston?", "id": "56e15bbfe3433e1400422dfd", "answers": [{"text": "nearly 300", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Cathedral of the Holy Cross located?", "id": "56e15bbfe3433e1400422dfe", "answers": [{"text": "the South End", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the headquarters for the Christial Scientists?", "id": "56e15bbfe3433e1400422dff", "answers": [{"text": "Back Bay", "answer_start": 463}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the city's first Anglican church?", "id": "56e15bbfe3433e1400422e00", "answers": [{"text": "King's Chapel", "answer_start": 573}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Boston has been a noted religious center from its earliest days. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston serves nearly 300 parishes and is based in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross (1875) in the South End, while the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts, with the Cathedral Church of St. Paul (1819) as its episcopal seat, serves just under 200 congregations. Unitarian Universalism has its headquarters on Beacon Hill. The Christian Scientists are headquartered in Back Bay at the Mother Church (1894). The oldest church in Boston is First Church in Boston, founded in 1630. King's Chapel, the city's first Anglican church, was founded in 1686 and converted to Unitarianism in 1785. Other churches include Christ Church (better known as Old North Church, 1723), the oldest church building in the city, Trinity Church (1733), Park Street Church (1809), Old South Church (1874), Jubilee Christian Church and Basilica and Shrine of Our Lady of Perpetual Help on Mission Hill (1878)."}], ["Boston telah dipanggil \"Athens of America\" untuk budaya kesusasteraannya, memperoleh reputasi sebagai \"modal intelektual Amerika Syarikat.\" Pada abad kesembilan belas, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Margaret Fuller, James Russell Lowell, dan Henry Wadsworth Longfellow menulis di Boston. Beberapa orang menganggap Old Corner Bookstore, di mana para penulis ini bertemu dan dimana The Atlantic Monthly pertama kali diterbitkan, menjadi \"buaian kesusasteraan Amerika.\" Pada tahun 1852, Perpustakaan Awam Boston telah diasaskan sebagai perpustakaan bebas pertama di Amerika Syarikat. Terus terang hari ini terima kasih kepada banyak universiti di bandar dan Festival Buku Boston. <> Dikenali dengan budaya kesusasteraannya, Boston juga disebut apa? || Athens of America <> Apa abad Ralph Waldo Emerson menulis di? || abad kesembilan belas <> Apa nama kedai buku yang penulis jumpa? || Kedai Buku Lama Corner <> Di mana Atlantik Bulanan pertama kali diterbitkan? || Kedai Buku Lama Corner <> Tahun berapa adalah Perpustakaan Awam Boston ditubuhkan? || 1852", {"qas": [{"question": "Known for its literary culture, Boston has also been called what?", "id": "56e15767cd28a01900c677f9", "answers": [{"text": "Athens of America", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What century did Ralph Waldo Emerson write in?", "id": "56e15767cd28a01900c677fa", "answers": [{"text": "the nineteenth century", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the bookstore the authors met in?", "id": "56e15767cd28a01900c677fb", "answers": [{"text": "Old Corner Bookstore", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Atlantic Monthly first published?", "id": "56e15767cd28a01900c677fc", "answers": [{"text": "the Old Corner Bookstore", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the Boston Public Library founded?", "id": "56e15767cd28a01900c677fd", "answers": [{"text": "1852", "answer_start": 480}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Boston has been called the \"Athens of America\" for its literary culture, earning a reputation as \"the intellectual capital of the United States.\" In the nineteenth century, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Margaret Fuller, James Russell Lowell, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote in Boston. Some consider the Old Corner Bookstore, where these writers met and where The Atlantic Monthly was first published, to be \"cradle of American literature. In 1852, the Boston Public Library was founded as the first free library in the United States. Boston's literary culture continues today thanks to the city's many universities and the Boston Book Festival."}], ["Kerana peranan penting bandar di Revolusi Amerika, beberapa tapak bersejarah yang berkaitan dengan tempoh itu dipelihara sebagai sebahagian daripada Taman Sejarah Negara Boston. Ramai yang ditemui di sepanjang Freedom Trail, yang ditandakan dengan garis merah batu bata yang tertanam di dalam tanah. Bandar ini juga menjadi rumah kepada beberapa muzium seni, termasuk Muzium Seni Halus dan Muzium Isabella Stewart Gardner. Institut Seni Kontemporari terletak di bangunan kontemporari yang direka oleh Diller Scofidio + Renfro di Daerah Seaport. Kampus Universiti Massachusetts Boston di Columbia Point menempatkan Perpustakaan John F. Kennedy. Boston Athenaeum (salah sebuah perpustakaan bebas tertua di Amerika Syarikat), Muzium Kanak-kanak Boston, Bull & Finch Pub (bangunan yang terkenal dari pameran televisyen Cheers), Muzium Sains, dan New England Aquarium berada di dalam bandar. <> Apa yang dipelihara di Taman Sejarah negara Boston? || beberapa tapak bersejarah <> Apa yang ditandakan dengan garis batu bata merah di tanah? || The Freedom Trail <> Di mana institut seni kontemporari terletak? || di Daerah Seaport <> Apa salah satu perpustakaan tertua di AS? || The Boston Athenaeum <> Di mana New England Aquarium terletak? || dalam bandar", {"qas": [{"question": "What is preserved in the Boston national Historical Park?", "id": "56e15ab9e3433e1400422df2", "answers": [{"text": "several historic sites", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is marked by a line of red bricks in the ground?", "id": "56e15ab9e3433e1400422df3", "answers": [{"text": "the Freedom Trail", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the institute of contemporary Art located?", "id": "56e15ab9e3433e1400422df4", "answers": [{"text": "in the Seaport District", "answer_start": 507}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one of the oldest libraries in the US?", "id": "56e15ab9e3433e1400422df5", "answers": [{"text": "The Boston Athenaeum", "answer_start": 632}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the New England Aquarium located?", "id": "56e15ab9e3433e1400422df6", "answers": [{"text": "within the city", "answer_start": 871}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Because of the city's prominent role in the American Revolution, several historic sites relating to that period are preserved as part of the Boston National Historical Park. Many are found along the Freedom Trail, which is marked by a red line of bricks embedded in the ground. The city is also home to several art museums, including the Museum of Fine Arts and the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. The Institute of Contemporary Art is housed in a contemporary building designed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro in the Seaport District. The University of Massachusetts Boston campus on Columbia Point houses the John F. Kennedy Library. The Boston Athenaeum (one of the oldest independent libraries in the United States), Boston Children's Museum, Bull & Finch Pub (whose building is known from the television show Cheers), Museum of Science, and the New England Aquarium are within the city."}], ["Beberapa universiti yang terletak di luar Boston mempunyai kehadiran utama di bandar. Harvard University, institut pengajian tinggi tertua di negara ini berpusat di Sungai Charles di Cambridge tetapi mempunyai majoriti pegangan tanah dan jumlah aktiviti pendidikannya yang besar di Boston. Sekolah perniagaan, perubatan, pergigian dan kesihatan awam terletak di kawasan Allston dan Longwood di Boston. Harvard mempunyai rancangan untuk pengembangan tambahan ke Allston. Institut Teknologi Massachusetts (MIT), yang berasal dari Boston dan lama dikenali sebagai \"Boston Tech\", bergerak melintasi sungai ke Cambridge pada tahun 1916. Tufts University, yang kampus utamanya adalah utara bandar Somerville dan Medford, menempatkannya sekolah perubatan dan pergigian di Boston Chinatown di Pusat Perubatan Tufts, sebuah institusi perubatan akademik 451-katil yang merupakan rumah kepada hospital perkhidmatan penuh untuk orang dewasa dan Hospital Terapung untuk Kanak-kanak. <> Apa Univesity terletak di luar Boston masih memegang kehadiran yang besar di bandar? || Harvard University <> Apakah universiti tertua negara? || Harvard University <> Di mana rancangan Harvard berkembang? || Allston <> Apa yang dikenali sebagai MIT pada mulanya? || Boston Tech <> Pada tahun 1916, MIT bergerak melintasi sungai ke bandar apa? || Cambridge", {"qas": [{"question": "What Univesity located outside of Boston still holds a large presence in the city?", "id": "56e152d7cd28a01900c677c7", "answers": [{"text": "Harvard University", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the nations oldest college?", "id": "56e152d7cd28a01900c677c8", "answers": [{"text": "Harvard University", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does Harvard plan to expand to?", "id": "56e152d7cd28a01900c677c9", "answers": [{"text": "Allston", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was MIT originally known as?", "id": "56e152d7cd28a01900c677ca", "answers": [{"text": "Boston Tech", "answer_start": 581}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1916, MIT moved across the river to what city?", "id": "56e152d7cd28a01900c677cb", "answers": [{"text": "Cambridge", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Several universities located outside Boston have a major presence in the city. Harvard University, the nation's oldest institute of higher education, is centered across the Charles River in Cambridge but has the majority of its land holdings and a substantial amount of its educational activities in Boston. Its business, medical, dental, and public health schools are located in Boston's Allston and Longwood neighborhoods. Harvard has plans for additional expansion into Allston. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), which originated in Boston and was long known as \"Boston Tech\", moved across the river to Cambridge in 1916. Tufts University, whose main campus is north of the city in Somerville and Medford, locates its medical and dental school in Boston's Chinatown at Tufts Medical Center, a 451-bed academic medical institution that is home to both a full-service hospital for adults and the Floating Hospital for Children."}], ["Muzik dihargai di Boston. Orkestra Simfoni Boston adalah salah satu daripada \"Big Five,\" kumpulan orkestra Amerika yang terbesar, dan majalah muzik klasik Gramophone menyebutnya salah satu orkestra \"terbaik di dunia\". Symphony Hall (terletak di sebelah barat Back Bay) adalah rumah kepada Orkestra Simfoni Boston, (dan Orkestra Simfoni Pemuda Boston yang berkaitan, yang merupakan orkestra belia terbesar di negara ini) dan Boston Pops Orchestra. Akhbar British The Guardian memanggil Boston Symphony Hall \"salah satu tempat teratas untuk muzik klasik di dunia,\" sambil menambah bahawa \"Symphony Hall di Boston adalah di mana sains menjadi bahagian penting dalam reka bentuk dewan konsert.\" Konsert lain diadakan di Dewan Jordan Konservatori New England. Boston Ballet melakukan di Boston Opera House. Pertubuhan seni persembahan lain yang terletak di bandar itu termasuklah Syarikat Opera Lyric Boston, Opera Boston, Boston Baroque (orkestra Baroque kekal di Amerika Syarikat), dan Persatuan Handel dan Haydn (salah satu syarikat korden tertua di Amerika Syarikat) . Bandar ini adalah pusat muzik klasik kontemporari dengan beberapa kumpulan persembahan, beberapa di antaranya dikaitkan dengan konservatori dan universiti di bandar ini. Ini termasuk Projek Orkestra Modern Boston dan Boston Musica Viva. Beberapa teater terletak di atau berhampiran Teater Daerah di selatan Boston Common, termasuk Teater Cutler Majestic, Citi Performing Arts Center, Teater Kolonial, dan Teater Orpheum. <> The Boston Symphony Orchestra adalah ahli dari apa? || Big Five <> Apa majalah muzik klasik yang memanggil orkestra Symphony Boston salah satu orkestra terbaik dunia? || Gramophone <> Apa yang dipanggil orkestra Boston Symphony? || Symphony Hall <> Di mana Symphony Hall terletak? || barat Teluk Kembali <> Di mana Daerah teater terletak? || selatan Boston Common", {"qas": [{"question": "The Boston Symphony Orchestra is a member of what?", "id": "56e1586ee3433e1400422de8", "answers": [{"text": "Big Five", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What classical music magazine called the Boston Symphony orchestra one of the worlds best orchestras?", "id": "56e1586ee3433e1400422de9", "answers": [{"text": "Gramophone", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Boston Symphony orchestra call home?", "id": "56e1586ee3433e1400422dea", "answers": [{"text": "Symphony Hall", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Symphony Hall located?", "id": "56e1586ee3433e1400422deb", "answers": [{"text": "west of Back Bay", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the theater District located?", "id": "56e1586ee3433e1400422dec", "answers": [{"text": "south of Boston Common", "answer_start": 1364}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Music is cherished in Boston. The Boston Symphony Orchestra is one of the \"Big Five,\" a group of the greatest American orchestras, and the classical music magazine Gramophone called it one of the \"world's best\" orchestras. Symphony Hall (located west of Back Bay) is home to the Boston Symphony Orchestra, (and the related Boston Youth Symphony Orchestra, which is the largest youth orchestra in the nation) and the Boston Pops Orchestra. The British newspaper The Guardian called Boston Symphony Hall \"one of the top venues for classical music in the world,\" adding that \"Symphony Hall in Boston was where science became an essential part of concert hall design.\" Other concerts are held at the New England Conservatory's Jordan Hall. The Boston Ballet performs at the Boston Opera House. Other performing-arts organizations located in the city include the Boston Lyric Opera Company, Opera Boston, Boston Baroque (the first permanent Baroque orchestra in the US), and the Handel and Haydn Society (one of the oldest choral companies in the United States). The city is a center for contemporary classical music with a number of performing groups, several of which are associated with the city's conservatories and universities. These include the Boston Modern Orchestra Project and Boston Musica Viva. Several theaters are located in or near the Theater District south of Boston Common, including the Cutler Majestic Theatre, Citi Performing Arts Center, the Colonial Theater, and the Orpheum Theatre."}], ["Kualiti udara di Boston pada umumnya sangat baik: dalam tempoh sepuluh tahun 2004-2013, hanya ada 4 hari di mana udara tidak sihat untuk umum, menurut EPA. <> Bagaimana kualiti udara di Boston? || umumnya sangat baik <> Berapa hari antara 2004 dan 2013 adalah udara tidak sihat? || 4 hari <> Siapa yang menentukan bahawa kualiti udara tidak sihat pada mereka 4 hari? || EPA", {"qas": [{"question": "How is the air quality in Boston?", "id": "56e15c38e3433e1400422e06", "answers": [{"text": "generally very good", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many days between 2004 and 2013 was the air unhealthy?", "id": "56e15c38e3433e1400422e07", "answers": [{"text": "4 days", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who determined that the air quality was unhealthy on those 4 days?", "id": "56e15c38e3433e1400422e08", "answers": [{"text": "the EPA", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Air quality in Boston is generally very good: during the ten-year period 2004\u20132013, there were only 4 days in which the air was unhealthy for the general public, according to the EPA."}], ["Salah satu acara sukan paling terkenal di bandar ini adalah Boston Marathon, perlumbaan 26.2 batu (42.2 km) yang merupakan maraton tahunan tertua di dunia, dijalankan pada Hari Patriot pada bulan April. Pada 15 April 2013, dua letupan membunuh tiga orang dan beratus-ratus cedera di maraton. Satu lagi acara tahunan utama ialah Ketua Charles Regatta, yang diadakan pada bulan Oktober. <> Apa salah satu acara sukan paling terkenal di bandar ini? || Boston Marathon <> Bilakah ketua Charles Regatta diadakan? || Oktober <> Berapa banyak orang terbunuh dalam letupan di maraton Boston? || tiga", {"qas": [{"question": "What is one of the most famous sporting events in the city?", "id": "56e165afcd28a01900c67863", "answers": [{"text": "the Boston Marathon", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When is the head of Charles Regatta held?", "id": "56e165afcd28a01900c67866", "answers": [{"text": "October", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were killed in the explosions at the Boston marathon?", "id": "56e165afcd28a01900c67867", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One of the best known sporting events in the city is the Boston Marathon, the 26.2-mile (42.2 km) race which is the world's oldest annual marathon, run on Patriots' Day in April. On April 15, 2013, two explosions killed three people and injured hundreds at the marathon. Another major annual event is the Head of the Charles Regatta, held in October."}], ["TD Garden yang dahulunya dikenali sebagai FleetCenter dan dibina untuk menggantikan yang lama, sejak merobohkan Boston Garden, bersebelahan dengan Stesen Utara dan merupakan tempat dua pasukan liga utama: Boston Bruins dari Liga Hoki Nasional dan Boston Celtics Persatuan Bola Keranjang Kebangsaan. Gelanggang arena 18,624 untuk permainan bola keranjang dan 17,565 untuk permainan hoki ais. Bruins adalah ahli Amerika pertama Liga Hoki Kebangsaan dan francais asal Enam. Boston Celtics telah menubuhkan ahli Persatuan Bola Keranjang Amerika, salah satu daripada dua liga yang bergabung untuk membentuk NBA. Celtics mempunyai perbezaan memenangi lebih banyak kejohanan daripada mana-mana pasukan NBA lain, dengan tujuh belas. <> Apa nama bekas TD Gardens? || FleetCenter <> Apakah FleetCenter dibina untuk menggantikan? || Boston Garden <> Berapa banyak pasukan adalah taman TD di rumah? || dua <> Berapa ramai orang yang boleh duduk dalam permainan bola keranjang di TD Garden? || 18,624 <> Berapa ramai orang yang boleh duduk untuk permainan hoki ais di TD Garden? || 17,565", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the TD Gardens former name?", "id": "56e162a3e3433e1400422e44", "answers": [{"text": "the FleetCenter", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the FleetCenter built to replace?", "id": "56e162a3e3433e1400422e45", "answers": [{"text": "Boston Garden", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many teams is TD garden the home to?", "id": "56e162a3e3433e1400422e46", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people can be seated in a basketball game at TD Garden?", "id": "56e162a3e3433e1400422e47", "answers": [{"text": "18,624", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people can be seated for an ice hockey game at TD Garden?", "id": "56e162a3e3433e1400422e48", "answers": [{"text": "17,565", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The TD Garden, formerly called the FleetCenter and built to replace the old, since-demolished Boston Garden, is adjoined to North Station and is the home of two major league teams: the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League and the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association. The arena seats 18,624 for basketball games and 17,565 for ice hockey games. The Bruins were the first American member of the National Hockey League and an Original Six franchise. The Boston Celtics were founding members of the Basketball Association of America, one of the two leagues that merged to form the NBA. The Celtics have the distinction of having won more championships than any other NBA team, with seventeen."}], ["Inisiatif lain, yang disampaikan oleh almarhum Datuk Bandar Thomas Menino, adalah Renew Building Incentive Boston, yang mengurangkan kos hidup di bangunan yang dianggap cekap tenaga. Ini, seperti perkembangan perumahan hijau, memberikan orang-orang status sosioekonomi rendah peluang untuk mencari perumahan di masyarakat yang menyokong alam sekitar. Matlamat utama inisiatif ini adalah untuk mendapatkan 500 warga Boston untuk mengambil bahagian dalam penilaian tenaga dalam rumah. <> Whos adalah Datuk Bandar akhir Boston? || Thomas Menino <> Siapa yang datang dengan Pembaharuan Insentif Keseluruhan Boston? || Mayor Thomas Menino <> Insentif tersebut mengurangkan kos bangunan apa? || kos hidup <> Matlamatnya ialah untuk mendapatkan berapa ramai penduduk mendaftar? || 500 <> Berapakah kos program? || percuma", {"qas": [{"question": "Whos is the late Mayor of Boston?", "id": "56e15ea9cd28a01900c6781d", "answers": [{"text": "Thomas Menino", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who came up with the Renew Boston Whole Building Incentive?", "id": "56e15ea9cd28a01900c6781e", "answers": [{"text": "Mayor Thomas Menino", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The incentive reduced the cost of what in buildings?", "id": "56e15ea9cd28a01900c6781f", "answers": [{"text": "cost of living", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The goal is to get how  many residents to sign up?", "id": "56e15ea9cd28a01900c67820", "answers": [{"text": "500", "answer_start": 404}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much does the program cost?", "id": "56e15ea9cd28a01900c67821", "answers": [{"text": "free", "answer_start": 439}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Another initiative, presented by the late Mayor Thomas Menino, is the Renew Boston Whole Building Incentive, which reduces the cost of living in buildings that are deemed energy efficient. This, much like the green housing developments, gives people of low socioeconomic status an opportunity to find housing in communities that support the environment. The ultimate goal of this initiative is to enlist 500 Bostonians to participate in a free, in-home energy assessment."}], ["Boston mempunyai pasukan di empat liga sukan profesional Amerika Utara yang utama serta Major League Soccer, dan telah memenangi 36 kejuaraan dalam liga ini, Sehingga 2014 [update]. Ia adalah salah satu daripada enam bandar raya (bersama-sama dengan Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, New York dan Philadelphia) telah memenangi kejuaraan dalam keempat-empat sukan utama. Telah dicadangkan bahawa Boston adalah \"TitleTown, USA\" yang baru kerana pasukan sukan profesional di bandar telah memenangi sembilan kejohanan sejak tahun 2001: Patriots (2001, 2003, 2004, dan 2014), Red Sox (2004, 2007, dan 2013) , Celtics (2008), dan Bruins (2011). Cita-cita sukan ini menjadikan Boston pilihan Olimpik Amerika Syarikat untuk membida untuk mengadakan Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 2024, tetapi bandar itu memetik kebimbangan kewangan apabila ia menarik balik tawarannya pada 27 Julai 2015. <> Berapa banyak liga sukan Amerika Utara utama di sana? || empat <> Berapa banyak kejohanan telah memenangi Boston dalam liga ini? || 36 kejohanan <> Berapa banyak kejohanan yang memenangi liga sukan sejak 2001? || sembilan <> Mengapa bandar itu berpaling untuk menjadi tuan rumah 2024 Olimpik? || kebimbangan kewangan <> Bilakah Boston menarik balik tawaran untuk menganjurkan perlawanan Olimpik? || 27 Julai 2015", {"qas": [{"question": "How many major North American sports leagues are there?", "id": "56e160d2cd28a01900c6783b", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many championships has Boston won in these leagues?", "id": "56e160d2cd28a01900c6783c", "answers": [{"text": "36 championships", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many championships have the sports leagues won since 2001?", "id": "56e160d2cd28a01900c6783d", "answers": [{"text": "nine", "answer_start": 429}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did the city turn down the chance to host the 2024 Olympic games?", "id": "56e160d2cd28a01900c6783e", "answers": [{"text": "financial concerns", "answer_start": 712}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Boston withdraw its bid for hosting the Olympic games?", "id": "56e160d2cd28a01900c6783f", "answers": [{"text": "July 27, 2015", "answer_start": 759}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Boston has teams in the four major North American professional sports leagues plus Major League Soccer, and has won 36 championships in these leagues, As of 2014[update]. It is one of six cities (along with Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, New York and Philadelphia) to have won championships in all four major sports. It has been suggested that Boston is the new \"TitleTown, USA\", as the city's professional sports teams have won nine championships since 2001: Patriots (2001, 2003, 2004, and 2014), Red Sox (2004, 2007, and 2013), Celtics (2008), and Bruins (2011). This love of sports has made Boston the United States Olympic Committee's choice to bid to hold the 2024 Summer Olympic Games, but the city cited financial concerns when it withdrew its bid on July 27, 2015."}], ["Semasa mereka bermain di pinggir bandar Foxborough sejak 1971, New England Patriots dari Liga Bola Sepak Kebangsaan ditubuhkan pada tahun 1960 sebagai Boston Patriots, menukar nama mereka selepas berpindah. Pasukan ini memenangi Super Bowl selepas musim 2001, 2003, 2004, dan 2014. Mereka berkongsi Stadium Gillette dengan Revolusi New England Liga Utama Major. The Breakers Boston Wanita Professional Soccer, yang dibentuk pada tahun 2009, bermain di rumah mereka di Stadium Dilboy di Somerville. <> Apa liga buat patriot England yang baru? || Liga Bola Sepak Kebangsaan <> Tahun apakah patriot England yang baru ditubuhkan? || 1960 <> Apakah nama asli patriot England yang baru? || Boston Patriots <> Apabila mengamalkan patriot Boston menukar namanya? || selepas berpindah <> Apa stadium yang dimainkan oleh patriot? || Stadium Gillette", {"qas": [{"question": "What league do the new England patriots belong to?", "id": "56e163afe3433e1400422e62", "answers": [{"text": "the National Football League", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year were the new England patriots founded in?", "id": "56e163afe3433e1400422e63", "answers": [{"text": "1960", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the original name of the new England patriots?", "id": "56e163afe3433e1400422e64", "answers": [{"text": "Boston Patriots", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When dod the Boston patriots change their name?", "id": "56e163afe3433e1400422e65", "answers": [{"text": "after relocating", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What stadium do the patriots play in?", "id": "56e163afe3433e1400422e66", "answers": [{"text": "Gillette Stadium", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "While they have played in suburban Foxborough since 1971, the New England Patriots of the National Football League were founded in 1960 as the Boston Patriots, changing their name after relocating. The team won the Super Bowl after the 2001, 2003, 2004, and 2014 seasons. They share Gillette Stadium with the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer. The Boston Breakers of Women's Professional Soccer, which formed in 2009, play their home games at Dilboy Stadium in Somerville."}], ["Banyak kolej dan universiti di kawasan itu aktif dalam sukan kolej. Empat ahli NCAA Divisi saya bermain di bandar-Boston College, Boston University, Universiti Harvard, dan Universiti Northeastern. Daripada empat, hanya Kolej Boston menyertai bola sepak kolej di peringkat tertinggi, Bahagian Bola Sepak Bowl. Harvard menyertai tahap kedua tertinggi, Bahagian Kejuaraan Bola Sepak. <> Berapa banyak ahli NCAA Bahagian I yang bermain di Boston? || empat <> Kolej mana yang menyertai bola sepak kolej di peringkat tertinggi? || Boston College <> Apakah nama peringkat tertinggi bola sepak kolej? || Bahagian Bola Sepak Bowl <> Siapa yang menyertai tahap kedua bola sepak kolej? || Harvard <> Apa nama tingkat bola sepak perguruan tinggi kedua? || Subdivisi Kejohanan Bola Sepak", {"qas": [{"question": "How many NCAA Division I members play in Boston?", "id": "56e164bccd28a01900c67859", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which college participates in college football at the highest level?", "id": "56e164bccd28a01900c6785a", "answers": [{"text": "Boston College", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the highest level of college football?", "id": "56e164bccd28a01900c6785b", "answers": [{"text": "the Football Bowl Subdivision", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who participates in the second highest level of college football?", "id": "56e164bccd28a01900c6785c", "answers": [{"text": "Harvard", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the second highest level of college football?", "id": "56e164bccd28a01900c6785d", "answers": [{"text": "Football Championship Subdivision", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The area's many colleges and universities are active in college athletics. Four NCAA Division I members play in the city\u2014Boston College, Boston University, Harvard University, and Northeastern University. Of the four, only Boston College participates in college football at the highest level, the Football Bowl Subdivision. Harvard participates in the second-highest level, the Football Championship Subdivision."}], ["Banyak bangunan lama di kawasan tertentu Boston disokong oleh timbunan kayu yang didorong ke dalam kawasan itu; buasir ini tetap kukuh jika tenggelam di dalam air, tetapi tertakluk kepada reput kering jika terdedah kepada udara untuk jangka masa yang lama. Tahap air bawah tanah telah menurun, kepada pelbagai peringkat, di banyak kawasan di bandar, disebabkan sebahagiannya peningkatan jumlah air hujan yang dibuang terus ke pembentung bukannya diserap oleh tanah. Sebuah agensi bandaraya, Boston Groundwater Trust, menyelaras pemantauan tahap air bawah tanah di seluruh bandar melalui rangkaian telaga pengawasan awam dan swasta. Walau bagaimanapun, bekalan air minuman Boston, dari Quabbin dan Wachusett Reservoirs di barat, adalah salah satu daripada sangat sedikit di negara ini yang murni untuk memenuhi piawaian kualiti air persekutuan tanpa penapisan. <> Banyak bangunan lama yang disokong oleh apa? || buasir kayu <> buasir mula pecah jika terdedah kepada apa? || udara <> Apa yang berlaku kepada paras air bawah tanah? || menjatuhkan <> mana air bawah tanah pergi ke dalam tanah? || terus ke pembetung", {"qas": [{"question": "Lots of older buildings are supported by what?", "id": "56e15fabcd28a01900c67827", "answers": [{"text": "wooden piles", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The piles begin to rot if exposed to what?", "id": "56e15fabcd28a01900c67829", "answers": [{"text": "air", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has been happening to groundwater levels?", "id": "56e15fabcd28a01900c6782a", "answers": [{"text": "dropping", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the groundwater go instead of into the ground?", "id": "56e15fabcd28a01900c6782b", "answers": [{"text": "directly into sewers", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many older buildings in certain areas of Boston are supported by wooden piles driven into the area's fill; these piles remain sound if submerged in water, but are subject to dry rot if exposed to air for long periods. Groundwater levels have been dropping, to varying degrees, in many areas of the city, due in part to an increase in the amount of rainwater discharged directly into sewers rather than absorbed by the ground. A city agency, the Boston Groundwater Trust, coordinates monitoring of groundwater levels throughout the city via a network of public and private monitoring wells. However, Boston's drinking water supply, from the Quabbin and Wachusett Reservoirs to the west, is one of the very few in the country so pure as to satisfy federal water quality standards without filtration."}], ["Beberapa kemudahan tenaga bersih di Boston termasuk daerah hijau Allston, dengan tiga kemudahan perumahan yang sesuai dengan ekologi. Boston juga memecahkan pelbagai kemudahan perumahan yang mampu dimiliki hijau untuk membantu mengurangkan jejak karbon di bandar sementara serentak membuat inisiatif ini tersedia secara kewangan kepada penduduk yang lebih besar. Pelan iklim Boston dikemaskini setiap tiga tahun dan baru-baru ini diubah suai pada tahun 2013. Badan perundangan ini termasuk Ordinan Pelaporan dan Pendedahan Tenaga Bangunan, yang memerlukan bangunan bandar yang lebih besar untuk mendedahkan statistik penggunaan tenaga dan air tahunan mereka dan mengambil bahagian dalam penilaian tenaga setiap lima tahun. Statistik ini dijadikan awam oleh bandar raya, oleh itu meningkatkan insentif untuk bangunan menjadi lebih sedar alam sekitar. <> Daerah Allston Green adalah contoh apa? || kemudahan tenaga bersih <> Berapa banyak kemudahan perumahan hijau yang mengandungi kawasan hijau Allston? || tiga <> Berapa kerapkah rancangan iklim Boston dikemas kini? || setiap tiga tahun <> Bilakah kali terakhir pelan iklim diubahsuai? || pada tahun 2013", {"qas": [{"question": "Allston Green District is an example of what?", "id": "56e15da4cd28a01900c67815", "answers": [{"text": "cleaner energy facilities", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many green housing facilities does the Allston green District contain?", "id": "56e15da4cd28a01900c67816", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How often is Boston's climate plan updated?", "id": "56e15da4cd28a01900c67817", "answers": [{"text": "every three years", "answer_start": 392}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the last time the climate plan was modified?", "id": "56e15da4cd28a01900c67818", "answers": [{"text": "in 2013", "answer_start": 441}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some of the cleaner energy facilities in Boston include the Allston green district, with three ecologically compatible housing facilities. Boston is also breaking ground on multiple green affordable housing facilities to help reduce the carbon footprint of the city while simultaneously making these initiatives financially available to a greater population. Boston's climate plan is updated every three years and was most recently modified in 2013. This legislature includes the Building Energy Reporting and Disclosure Ordinance, which requires the city's larger buildings to disclose their yearly energy and water use statistics and partake in an energy assessment every five years. These statistics are made public by the city, thereby increasing incentives for buildings to be more environmentally conscious."}], ["The Red Sox Boston, seorang pengasas Liga Amerika Baseball Major League pada tahun 1901, bermain permainan di rumah mereka di Fenway Park, berhampiran Kenmore Square di bahagian Fenway di bandar. Dibina pada tahun 1912, ia adalah arena sukan tertua atau stadium yang digunakan secara aktif di Amerika Syarikat di antara empat liga sukan profesional Amerika yang utama, yang meliputi Major League Baseball, Liga Bola Sepak Kebangsaan, Persatuan Bola Keranjang Kebangsaan, dan Liga Hoki Kebangsaan. Boston adalah tapak permainan pertama Siri Dunia moden pertama, pada tahun 1903. Siri ini dimainkan antara AL Champion Boston Amerika dan juara NL Pittsburgh Pirates. Laporan berterusan bahawa pasukan itu diketahui pada tahun 1903 sebagai \"Jamaah Jamaah Boston\" nampaknya tidak berasas. Pasukan baseball profesional pertama di Boston ialah Red Stockings, salah satu daripada ahli piagam Persatuan Kebangsaan pada tahun 1871, dan Liga Kebangsaan pada tahun 1876. Pasukan itu bermain di bawah nama itu sehingga 1883, di bawah nama Beaneaters sehingga 1911, dan di bawah nama Braves dari tahun 1912 sehingga mereka berpindah ke Milwaukee selepas musim 1952. Sejak tahun 1966 mereka telah bermain di Atlanta sebagai Atlanta Braves. <> Siapa yang bermain permainan mereka di taman Fenway? || The Boston Red Sox <> Di mana Fenway park? || berhampiran Kenmore Square <> Tahun berapa adalah permainan pertama siri dunia pertama yang dimainkan? || 1903 <> Tahun apakah taman fenway dibina? || 1912 <> Apakah nama pasukan besbol Bostons yang pertama? || Stoking merah", {"qas": [{"question": "Who plays their games at Fenway park?", "id": "56e161bfcd28a01900c67845", "answers": [{"text": "The Boston Red Sox", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Fenway park?", "id": "56e161bfcd28a01900c67846", "answers": [{"text": "near Kenmore Square", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the first game of the first world series played?", "id": "56e161bfcd28a01900c67847", "answers": [{"text": "1903", "answer_start": 539}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was fenway Park built?", "id": "56e161bfcd28a01900c67848", "answers": [{"text": "1912", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Bostons first baseball team?", "id": "56e161bfcd28a01900c67849", "answers": [{"text": "Red Stockings", "answer_start": 798}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Boston Red Sox, a founding member of the American League of Major League Baseball in 1901, play their home games at Fenway Park, near Kenmore Square in the city's Fenway section. Built in 1912, it is the oldest sports arena or stadium in active use in the United States among the four major professional American sports leagues, encompassing Major League Baseball, the National Football League, National Basketball Association, and the National Hockey League. Boston was the site of the first game of the first modern World Series, in 1903. The series was played between the AL Champion Boston Americans and the NL champion Pittsburgh Pirates. Persistent reports that the team was known in 1903 as the \"Boston Pilgrims\" appear to be unfounded. Boston's first professional baseball team was the Red Stockings, one of the charter members of the National Association in 1871, and of the National League in 1876. The team played under that name until 1883, under the name Beaneaters until 1911, and under the name Braves from 1912 until they moved to Milwaukee after the 1952 season. Since 1966 they have played in Atlanta as the Atlanta Braves."}], ["Pelbagai penerbitan LGBT menyajikan komuniti LGBT (lesbian, gay, biseksual dan transgender) yang besar di bandar ini seperti The Rainbow Times, satu-satunya minoriti dan LGBT newsmagazine yang mempunyai lesbian. Ditubuhkan pada 2006, The Rainbow Times kini berpangkalan di Boston, tetapi melayani seluruh New England. <> Apakah nama kota hanya majalah LGBT yang mempunyai lesbian? || The Rainbow Times <> Tahun apa Rainbow Times ditubuhkan? || 2006 <> Lokasi apa yang dilayani oleh Rainbow Times? || semua New England <> Di manakah ibu pejabat untuk Rainbow Times? || Boston", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the citys only lesbian owned LGBT magazine?", "id": "56e16dafcd28a01900c67911", "answers": [{"text": "The Rainbow Times", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the Rainbow Times founded?", "id": "56e16dafcd28a01900c67912", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What locations does the Rainbow Times serve?", "id": "56e16dafcd28a01900c67913", "answers": [{"text": "all of New England", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the headquarters for the Rainbow Times?", "id": "56e16dafcd28a01900c67914", "answers": [{"text": "Boston", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Various LGBT publications serve the city's large LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) community such as The Rainbow Times, the only minority and lesbian-owned LGBT newsmagazine. Founded in 2006, The Rainbow Times is now based out of Boston, but serves all of New England."}], ["Penduduk Latin yang semakin meningkat di bandar ini telah menimbulkan beberapa akhbar berbahasa Sepanyol tempatan dan serantau. Ini termasuk El Planeta (yang dimiliki bekas penerbit The Boston Phoenix), El Mundo, dan La Semana. Siglo21, dengan pejabat utamanya di Lawrence berdekatan, juga diedarkan secara meluas. <> Di manakah pejabat utama Siglo21? || Lawrence <> Penerbit bekas phoenix Boston memiliki apa akhbar Sepanyol? || El Planeta", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the main office of Siglo21?", "id": "56e16cd4cd28a01900c67902", "answers": [{"text": "Lawrence", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The former publisher of the Boston phoenix owns what Spanish newspaper?", "id": "56e16cd4cd28a01900c67903", "answers": [{"text": "El Planeta", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city's growing Latino population has given rise to a number of local and regional Spanish-language newspapers. These include El Planeta (owned by the former publisher of The Boston Phoenix), El Mundo, and La Semana. Siglo21, with its main offices in nearby Lawrence, is also widely distributed."}], ["Bandar ini mempunyai beberapa kemudahan persekutuan, termasuk Bangunan Pejabat Federal John F. Kennedy, bangunan Thomas P. O'Neill Federal, Mahkamah Rayuan Amerika Syarikat untuk Litar Pertama, Mahkamah Daerah Amerika Syarikat untuk Daerah Massachusetts, dan Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. <> Di mana bangunan pejabat Persekutuan F kennedy terletak? || Bandar <> Apa pengadilan terletak di Boston? || Mahkamah Rayuan Amerika Syarikat untuk Litar Pertama <> Apakah nama bank terkenal yang terletak di Boston? || Federal Reserve Bank of Boston", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the John F kennedy Federal office building located?", "id": "56e16a12cd28a01900c678b7", "answers": [{"text": "The city", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What court is located in Boston?", "id": "56e16a12cd28a01900c678b8", "answers": [{"text": "the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the famous bank located in Boston?", "id": "56e16a12cd28a01900c678b9", "answers": [{"text": "Federal Reserve Bank of Boston", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city has several federal facilities, including the John F. Kennedy Federal Office Building, the Thomas P. O'Neill Federal Building, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston."}], ["Sistem taman Boston sangat terkenal di peringkat nasional. Dalam ranking ParkScore 2013, The Trust for Public Land melaporkan bahawa Boston terikat dengan Sacramento dan San Francisco kerana mempunyai sistem taman ketiga terbaik di antara 50 bandaraya AS yang paling ramai penduduknya. ParkScore menduduki sistem taman bandar dengan rumusan yang menganalisis saiz taman median di bandar, kawasan taman sebagai persentase kawasan bandar, peratus penduduk dalam setengah batu taman, perbelanjaan perkhidmatan taman per penduduk, dan jumlah taman permainan per 10,000 penduduk. <> Kedudukan apa yang ada di sistem taman Boston? || terbaik ketiga <> Siapa kedudukan sistem taman bandar? || ParkScore <> Parkscore mengarungi bilangan penduduk dalam jarak sejauh mana taman itu? || setengah batu", {"qas": [{"question": "What ranking does the Boston park system have?", "id": "56e16796cd28a01900c67881", "answers": [{"text": "third-best", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ranks city park systems?", "id": "56e16796cd28a01900c67882", "answers": [{"text": "ParkScore", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Parkscore ranks the number of resident within what distance of the park?", "id": "56e16796cd28a01900c67883", "answers": [{"text": "a half-mile", "answer_start": 404}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Boston's park system is well-reputed nationally. In its 2013 ParkScore ranking, The Trust for Public Land reported that Boston was tied with Sacramento and San Francisco for having the third-best park system among the 50 most populous US cities. ParkScore ranks city park systems by a formula that analyzes the city's median park size, park acres as percent of city area, the percent of residents within a half-mile of a park, spending of park services per resident, and the number of playgrounds per 10,000 residents."}], ["Di samping kerajaan bandar, banyak komisen dan pihak berkuasa negeri termasuk Jabatan Pemuliharaan dan Rekreasi Massachusetts, Suruhanjaya Kesihatan Awam Boston, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA), dan Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport) memainkan peranan dalam kehidupan rakyat Boston. Sebagai ibu kota Massachusetts, Boston memainkan peranan penting dalam politik negara. <> Apa modal di Massachusetts? || Boston <> Sebagai ibu negeri, Boston memainkan peranan besar dalam apa? || politik negeri <> Apa itu MWRA? || Pihak Berkuasa Sumber Air Massachusetts <> Apakah nama pihak berkuasa pelabuhan massa? || Massport", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the capital of Massachusetts?", "id": "56e16959cd28a01900c6789b", "answers": [{"text": "Boston", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As the state capital, Boston plays a large role in what?", "id": "56e16959cd28a01900c6789c", "answers": [{"text": "state politics", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the MWRA?", "id": "56e16959cd28a01900c6789d", "answers": [{"text": "Massachusetts Water Resources Authority", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the massachusetts port authority?", "id": "56e16959cd28a01900c6789e", "answers": [{"text": "Massport", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In addition to city government, numerous commissions and state authorities\u2014including the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, the Boston Public Health Commission, the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA), and the Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport)\u2014play a role in the life of Bostonians. As the capital of Massachusetts, Boston plays a major role in state politics."}], ["Federally, Boston berpecah di antara dua daerah kongres. Tiga perempat di utara adalah di daerah ke-7, diwakili oleh Mike Capuano sejak tahun 1998. Keempat keempat adalah di daerah ke-8, diwakili oleh Stephen Lynch. Kedua-duanya adalah Demokrat; seorang Republikan tidak mewakili sebahagian besar Boston di lebih daripada satu abad. Ahli kanan negeri Senat Amerika Syarikat adalah Demokrat Elizabeth Warren, yang pertama kali dipilih pada tahun 2012. Ahli junior negara Senat Amerika Syarikat adalah Demokrat Ed Markey, yang dipilih pada tahun 2013 untuk menggantikan John Kerry selepas pelantikan dan pengesahan Kerry sebagai United Setiausaha Negara Negeri. <> Boston dipisahkan antara berapa banyak daerah kongres? || dua <> Daerah apa yang terletak di utara 3/4 bandar? || daerah ke-7 <> yang mewakili daerah ke-7? || Mike Capuano <> Apa tahun yang dipilih oleh Capuano? || 1998 <> Daerah mana yang terletak di Fourth South of Boston? || daerah ke-8", {"qas": [{"question": "Boston is split between how many congressional districts?", "id": "56e16adecd28a01900c678c9", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What district is the North 3/4 of the city located in?", "id": "56e16adecd28a01900c678ca", "answers": [{"text": "the 7th district", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who represents the 7th district?", "id": "56e16adecd28a01900c678cb", "answers": [{"text": "Mike Capuano", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Capuano elected?", "id": "56e16adecd28a01900c678cc", "answers": [{"text": "1998", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What district is the South fourth of Boston located in?", "id": "56e16adecd28a01900c678cd", "answers": [{"text": "the 8th district", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Federally, Boston is split between two congressional districts. The northern three-fourths of the city is in the 7th district, represented by Mike Capuano since 1998. The southern fourth is in the 8th district, represented by Stephen Lynch. Both are Democrats; a Republican has not represented a significant portion of Boston in over a century. The state's senior member of the United States Senate is Democrat Elizabeth Warren, first elected in 2012. The state's junior member of the United States Senate is Democrat Ed Markey, who was elected in 2013 to succeed John Kerry after Kerry's appointment and confirmation as the United States Secretary of State."}], ["Boston adalah pasaran penyiaran terbesar di New England, dengan pasaran radio menjadi yang ke-11 terbesar di Amerika Syarikat. Beberapa stesen AM utama termasuk WRKO radio bicara, stesen sukan / talk WEEI, dan CBS Radio WBZ. WBZ (AM) menyiarkan format radio berita. Pelbagai format radio FM komersial berkhidmat di kawasan itu, seperti stesen NPR WBUR dan WGBH. Kolej dan stesen radio universiti termasuk WERS (Emerson), WHRB (Harvard), WUMB (UMass Boston), WMBR (MIT), WZBC (Boston College), WMFO (Tufts University) kampus dan web sahaja), WRBB (Northeastern University) dan WMLN-FM (Kolej Kari). <> Apakah kedudukan pasaran radio Bostons negara? || Ke-11 terbesar <> Apa stesen radio Bostom Am adalah stesen sukan dan ceramah? || WEEI <> Apakah nama stesen radio Boston Colleges? || WZBC <> Apakah nama stesen radio Harvards? || WHRB <> WBUR dan WGBH adalah exaples dari apa jenis stesen radio? || NPR", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the national ranking of Bostons radio market?", "id": "56e16ed3cd28a01900c67919", "answers": [{"text": "11th largest", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Bostom Am radio station is a sports and talk station?", "id": "56e16ed3cd28a01900c6791a", "answers": [{"text": "WEEI", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Boston Colleges radio station?", "id": "56e16ed3cd28a01900c6791b", "answers": [{"text": "WZBC", "answer_start": 464}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Harvards radio station?", "id": "56e16ed3cd28a01900c6791c", "answers": [{"text": "WHRB", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "WBUR and WGBH are exaples of what type of radio station?", "id": "56e16ed3cd28a01900c6791d", "answers": [{"text": "NPR", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Boston is the largest broadcasting market in New England, with the radio market being the 11th largest in the United States. Several major AM stations include talk radio WRKO, sports/talk station WEEI, and CBS Radio WBZ. WBZ (AM) broadcasts a news radio format. A variety of commercial FM radio formats serve the area, as do NPR stations WBUR and WGBH. College and university radio stations include WERS (Emerson), WHRB (Harvard), WUMB (UMass Boston), WMBR (MIT), WZBC (Boston College), WMFO (Tufts University), WBRS (Brandeis University), WTBU (Boston University, campus and web only), WRBB (Northeastern University) and WMLN-FM (Curry College)."}], ["Boston mempunyai sistem kerajaan majlis bandar yang kuat di mana Datuk Bandar (dipilih setiap tahun keempat) mempunyai kuasa eksekutif yang meluas. Marty Walsh menjadi Datuk Bandar pada bulan Januari 2014, tempoh dua puluh tahun yang lalu, pendahulu beliau, Thomas Menino yang pernah menjadi yang paling lama dalam sejarah bandar itu. Majlis Bandaraya Boston dipilih setiap dua tahun; terdapat sembilan kerusi daerah, dan empat kerusi di seluruh negara. Jawatankuasa Sekolah, yang mengawasi Sekolah Awam Boston, dilantik oleh Datuk Bandar. <> Berapa kerapkah pilihan raya untuk Datuk Bandar yang diadakan di Boston? || setiap tahun keempat <> Kuasa macam apa yang ada walikota? || kuasa eksekutif yang meluas <> Siapa yang menjadi Datuk Bandar pada januari, 2014? || Marty Walsh <> Siapa yang mengawasi Sekolah Awam Boston? || Jawatankuasa Sekolah", {"qas": [{"question": "How often are elections for mayor held in Boston?", "id": "56e1688fe3433e1400422eba", "answers": [{"text": "every fourth year", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of power does the mayor have?", "id": "56e1688fe3433e1400422ebb", "answers": [{"text": "extensive executive power", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who became Mayor in january, 2014?", "id": "56e1688fe3433e1400422ebc", "answers": [{"text": "Marty Walsh", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who oversees the Boston Public Schools?", "id": "56e1688fe3433e1400422ebe", "answers": [{"text": "The School Committee", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Boston has a strong mayor \u2013 council government system in which the mayor (elected every fourth year) has extensive executive power. Marty Walsh became Mayor in January 2014, his predecessor Thomas Menino's twenty-year tenure having been the longest in the city's history. The Boston City Council is elected every two years; there are nine district seats, and four citywide \"at-large\" seats. The School Committee, which oversees the Boston Public Schools, is appointed by the mayor."}], ["Boston Globe dan Boston Herald adalah dua akhbar harian utama di bandar ini. Bandar ini juga disiarkan oleh penerbitan lain seperti majalah Boston, The Notper Bostonian, DigBoston, dan edisi Boston Metro. Monitor Sains Kristian, yang beribu pejabat di Boston, adalah bekas akhbar harian di seluruh dunia tetapi menamatkan penerbitan edisi cetak harian pada tahun 2009, beralih ke penerbitan format majalah dalam talian dan mingguan yang berterusan. The Boston Globe juga melancarkan penerbitan remaja ke sekolah-sekolah awam di bandar raya, yang dipanggil Teens in Print atau T.i.P., yang ditulis oleh remaja di bandar dan dihantar setiap suku tahun dalam tahun sekolah. <> The Boston Globe dan penyingkiran Boston adalah dua dari Bostons apa? || akhbar harian <> Di mana ibu pejabat Pemantau Sains Christial? || Boston <> Bilakah Monitor Sains Kristian menamatkan akhbar cetak harian? || 2009 <> Berapa kerapkah monitor Sains Kristian menerbitkan majalah mereka? || mingguan <> Apakah nama kertas remaja yang diberikan Boston Globe ke sekolah? || Remaja di Cetak", {"qas": [{"question": "The Boston Globe and the Boston herals are two of Bostons what?", "id": "56e16bf1cd28a01900c678ed", "answers": [{"text": "daily newspapers", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Christial Science Monitor headquarters?", "id": "56e16bf1cd28a01900c678ee", "answers": [{"text": "Boston", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Christian Science Monitor end daily print newspapers?", "id": "56e16bf1cd28a01900c678ef", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How often does The Christian Science monitor publish their magazine?", "id": "56e16bf1cd28a01900c678f0", "answers": [{"text": "weekly", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the teen paper that the Boston Globe provides to schools?", "id": "56e16bf1cd28a01900c678f1", "answers": [{"text": "Teens in Print", "answer_start": 540}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Boston Globe and the Boston Herald are two of the city's major daily newspapers. The city is also served by other publications such as Boston magazine, The Improper Bostonian, DigBoston, and the Boston edition of Metro. The Christian Science Monitor, headquartered in Boston, was formerly a worldwide daily newspaper but ended publication of daily print editions in 2009, switching to continuous online and weekly magazine format publications. The Boston Globe also releases a teen publication to the city's public high schools, called Teens in Print or T.i.P., which is written by the city's teens and delivered quarterly within the school year."}], ["Boston Common, yang terletak berhampiran dengan Daerah Kewangan dan Beacon Hill, adalah taman awam tertua di Amerika Syarikat. Bersama Boston Public Garden yang berdekatan, ia adalah sebahagian daripada Kalung Emerald, rentetan taman yang direka oleh Frederick Law Olmsted untuk mengelilingi bandar. Kalung Emerald termasuk Jamaica Pond, badan air tawar terbesar di Boston, dan Taman Franklin, taman terbesar di bandar dan rumah Zoo Franklin Park. Satu lagi taman utama ialah Esplanade, yang terletak di sepanjang tebing Sungai Charles. The Hatch Shell, tempat konsert luar, terletak bersebelahan dengan Sungai Charles Esplanade. Taman-taman lain tersebar di seluruh bandar, dengan taman-taman utama dan pantai yang terletak berhampiran Pulau Castle; di Charlestown; dan sepanjang Dorchester, Boston Selatan, dan pantai timur Boston. <> Apakah taman awam tertua di AS? || Boston Common <> Di mana terletak Boston Common? || berhampiran Financial District dan Beacon Hill <> Apa yang bersebelahan dengan Boston Common? || Boston Public Garden <> Kalung Emerald adalah rentetan apa? || taman <> Siapa yang merangka kalung Emerald? || Frederick Law Olmsted", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the oldest public park in the US?", "id": "56e16690cd28a01900c6786d", "answers": [{"text": "Boston Common", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Boston Common located?", "id": "56e16690cd28a01900c6786e", "answers": [{"text": "near the Financial District and Beacon Hill", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is next to Boston Common?", "id": "56e16690cd28a01900c6786f", "answers": [{"text": "Boston Public Garden", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Emerald necklace is a string of what?", "id": "56e16690cd28a01900c67870", "answers": [{"text": "parks", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who designed the Emerald necklace?", "id": "56e16690cd28a01900c67871", "answers": [{"text": "Frederick Law Olmsted", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Boston Common, located near the Financial District and Beacon Hill, is the oldest public park in the United States. Along with the adjacent Boston Public Garden, it is part of the Emerald Necklace, a string of parks designed by Frederick Law Olmsted to encircle the city. The Emerald Necklace includes Jamaica Pond, Boston's largest body of freshwater, and Franklin Park, the city's largest park and home of the Franklin Park Zoo. Another major park is the Esplanade, located along the banks of the Charles River. The Hatch Shell, an outdoor concert venue, is located adjacent to the Charles River Esplanade. Other parks are scattered throughout the city, with the major parks and beaches located near Castle Island; in Charlestown; and along the Dorchester, South Boston, and East Boston shorelines."}], ["Jalan-jalan Downtown Boston berkembang secara organik, jadi mereka tidak membentuk grid yang dirancang, tidak seperti yang terdapat di Back Bay, East Boston, South End, dan Boston Selatan. Boston adalah terminal timur I-90, yang terletak di Massachusetts Massachusetts Turnpike. Bahagian tinggi Arteri Tengah, yang membawa sebahagian besar melalui lalu lintas di pusat bandar Boston, telah digantikan dengan Terowong O'Neill semasa Big Dig, yang telah siap sepenuhnya pada awal tahun 2006. <> Bagaimana jalan-jalan di pusat bandar Boston berkembang? || secara organik <> Boston berada di hujung Timur dari mana Interstate? || I-90 <> Berapa tahun terowong O'neill diletakkan? || 2006 <> Jalan-jalan Back bay berkembang menjadi apa? || grid yang dirancang", {"qas": [{"question": "How did the streets of downtown Boston grow?", "id": "56e1747fe3433e1400422f2e", "answers": [{"text": "organically", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Boston is at the East end of what Interstate?", "id": "56e1747fe3433e1400422f2f", "answers": [{"text": "I-90", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the O'neill tunnel put in place?", "id": "56e1747fe3433e1400422f30", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 466}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The streets of Back bay grew into a what?", "id": "56e1747fe3433e1400422f31", "answers": [{"text": "planned grid", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Downtown Boston's streets grew organically, so they do not form a planned grid, unlike those in later-developed Back Bay, East Boston, the South End, and South Boston. Boston is the eastern terminus of I-90, which in Massachusetts runs along the Massachusetts Turnpike. The elevated portion of the Central Artery, which carried most of the through traffic in downtown Boston, was replaced with the O'Neill Tunnel during the Big Dig, substantially completed in early 2006."}], ["Digelar \"The Walking City\", Boston menjadi tuan rumah lebih ramai penumpang pejalan kaki berbanding dengan bandar lain yang berpenduduk. Disebabkan faktor-faktor seperti kekompakan bandar dan penduduk pelajar yang besar, 13 peratus penduduk beroperasi dengan berjalan kaki, menjadikannya peratusan tertinggi pejalan kaki pejalan kaki di negara ini dari bandar utama Amerika. Pada tahun 2011, Walk Score menduduki Boston sebagai bandar paling banyak ketiga yang boleh dilalui di Amerika Syarikat. Sehingga 2015 [update], Skor Walk masih berada di Boston sebagai bandar Amerika paling ketiga yang boleh dilalui, dengan Score Walk of 80, Skor Transit 75, dan Skor Bike 70. <> Apa nama panggilan Bostons? || The Walking City <> Jenis-jenis penumpang apakah yang Mempunyai bandar yang banyak penduduknya? || pejalan kaki <> Berapa peratus penduduk Boston berangkat dengan berjalan? || 13 peratus <> Berapa tahun berjalan kaki peringkat Boston yang paling bandar paling mudah dilalui ketiga di AS? || 2015 <> Apakah skor berjalan yang diberikan kepada Boston? || 80", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Bostons nickname?", "id": "56e17753cd28a01900c6798d", "answers": [{"text": "The Walking City", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of commuters does Have than any other largely populated city?", "id": "56e17753cd28a01900c6798e", "answers": [{"text": "pedestrian", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percent of Boston's population commutes by walking?", "id": "56e17753cd28a01900c6798f", "answers": [{"text": "13 percent", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did walkscore rank Boston the third most walkable city in the US?", "id": "56e17753cd28a01900c67990", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 439}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the walk score given to Boston?", "id": "56e17753cd28a01900c67991", "answers": [{"text": "80", "answer_start": 540}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nicknamed \"The Walking City\", Boston hosts more pedestrian commuters than do other comparably populated cities. Owing to factors such as the compactness of the city and large student population, 13 percent of the population commutes by foot, making it the highest percentage of pedestrian commuters in the country out of the major American cities. In 2011, Walk Score ranked Boston the third most walkable city in the United States. As of 2015[update], Walk Score still ranks Boston as the third most walkable US city, with a Walk Score of 80, a Transit Score of 75, and a Bike Score of 70."}], ["Lapangan Terbang Logan, yang terletak di Boston Timur dan dikendalikan oleh Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport), adalah lapangan terbang utama Boston. Lapangan terbang umum berhampiran Lapangan Terbang Beverly Municipal di utara, Hanscom Field di barat, dan Lapangan Terbang Norwood Memorial di selatan. Massport juga mengendalikan beberapa kemudahan utama di Pelabuhan Boston, termasuk terminal dan kemudahan kapal pesiar untuk mengendalikan kargo pukal dan kontena di Boston Selatan, dan kemudahan lain di Charlestown dan Boston Timur. <> Lapangan terbang apa yang terletak di Boston Timur? || Lapangan Terbang Logan <> Siapa yang beroperasi Lapangan Terbang Logan? || Massport <> Apakah nama lapangan terbang Bostons utama? || Lapangan Terbang Logan <> Lapangan terbang apa yang mana Lapangan Terbang Logan Utara? || Lapangan Terbang Perbandaran Beverly <> Lapangan terbang apa yang ada di selatan Lapangan Terbang Logan? || Lapangan Terbang Norwood Memorial", {"qas": [{"question": "What Airport is located in East Boston?", "id": "56e173b5cd28a01900c6795d", "answers": [{"text": "Logan Airport", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who operates Logan Airport?", "id": "56e173b5cd28a01900c6795e", "answers": [{"text": "Massport", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Bostons main airport?", "id": "56e173b5cd28a01900c6795f", "answers": [{"text": "Logan Airport", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What airport is North of Logan Airport?", "id": "56e173b5cd28a01900c67960", "answers": [{"text": "Beverly Municipal Airport", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What airport is south of Logan Airport?", "id": "56e173b5cd28a01900c67961", "answers": [{"text": "Norwood Memorial Airport", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Logan Airport, located in East Boston and operated by the Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport), is Boston's principal airport. Nearby general aviation airports are Beverly Municipal Airport to the north, Hanscom Field to the west, and Norwood Memorial Airport to the south. Massport also operates several major facilities within the Port of Boston, including a cruise ship terminal and facilities to handle bulk and container cargo in South Boston, and other facilities in Charlestown and East Boston."}], ["Koridor Timur Laut Amtrak dan Chicago terletak di Stesen Selatan, yang berfungsi sebagai hab pengangkutan intermodal utama, dan berhenti di Back Bay. Keretapi Koridor Northeast yang cepat, yang berkhidmat di New York City, Washington, D.C., dan titik di antara, juga berhenti di Stesen Route 128 di pinggir pinggiran barat daya Boston. Sementara itu, perkhidmatan Downeaster Amtrak ke Maine berasal di Stesen Utara, walaupun kekurangan sambungan kereta api penumpang khusus di antara dua kereta api, selain daripada talian kereta bawah tanah \"T\". <> Di manakah koridor Northeast dan garis Timur Laut Amtrack bermula? || Stesen Selatan <> Di manakah koridor Northeast Koridor dan garis Chicago? || Back Bay <> Kereta api yang melayani Yourk dan Washington D.C juga berhenti di mana? || Route 128 Station <> Apa pinggir bandar Boston terletak di Route 128 Station? || barat daya <> Di mana perkhidmatan Downeaster bermula? || Stesen Utara", {"qas": [{"question": "Where do Amtrack's Northeast corridor and Chicago lines start?", "id": "56e1765fcd28a01900c67971", "answers": [{"text": "South Station", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do Amtrack's Northeast corridor and Chicago lines end?", "id": "56e1765fcd28a01900c67972", "answers": [{"text": "Back Bay", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Trains serving new Yourk and Washington D.C also stop where?", "id": "56e1765fcd28a01900c67973", "answers": [{"text": "Route 128 Station", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What suburbs of Boston is the Route 128 Station located in?", "id": "56e1765fcd28a01900c67974", "answers": [{"text": "southwestern", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the Downeaster service to maine start?", "id": "56e1765fcd28a01900c67975", "answers": [{"text": "North Station", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and Chicago lines originate at South Station, which serves as a major intermodal transportation hub, and stop at Back Bay. Fast Northeast Corridor trains, which serve New York City, Washington, D.C., and points in between, also stop at Route 128 Station in the southwestern suburbs of Boston. Meanwhile, Amtrak's Downeaster service to Maine originates at North Station, despite the current lack of a dedicated passenger rail link between the two railhubs, other than the \"T\" subway lines."}], ["Dengan hampir satu pertiga orang Boston menggunakan transit awam untuk berulang-alik ke tempat kerja, Boston mempunyai kadar transit awam kelima tertinggi di negara ini. Sistem kereta bawah tanah Boston, Massachusetts Bay Transport Authority (MBTA dikenali sebagai \"T\") mengendalikan sistem transit cepat bawah tanah tertua di Amerika, dan merupakan sistem transit cepat keempat di negara ini, dengan 65 km (105 km) trek pada empat baris. MBTA juga mengendalikan rangkaian keretapi bas dan komuter yang sibuk, dan pengangkutan air. <> Berapa ramai pengguna di Boston menggunakan pengangkutan awam? || hampir satu pertiga <> Di manakah kedudukan Boston secara nasional dari segi penggunaan pengangkutan awam? || kelima tertinggi <> Apa nama sistem kereta bawah tanah Bostons? || MBTA <> MBTA juga dikenali sebagai apa? || T <> Berapa lama sistem kereta bawah tanah bostons? || 65.5 batu", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people in Boston use public transportation?", "id": "56e1753fcd28a01900c67967", "answers": [{"text": "nearly a third", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does Boston rank nationally in terms of public transportation use?", "id": "56e1753fcd28a01900c67968", "answers": [{"text": "fifth-highest", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Bostons subway system?", "id": "56e1753fcd28a01900c67969", "answers": [{"text": "MBTA", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The MBTA is also known as the what?", "id": "56e1753fcd28a01900c6796a", "answers": [{"text": "T", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long is bostons subway system?", "id": "56e1753fcd28a01900c6796b", "answers": [{"text": "65.5 miles", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "With nearly a third of Bostonians using public transit for their commute to work, Boston has the fifth-highest rate of public transit usage in the country. Boston's subway system, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA\u2014known as the \"T\") operates the oldest underground rapid transit system in the Americas, and is the fourth-busiest rapid transit system in the country, with 65.5 miles (105 km) of track on four lines. The MBTA also operates busy bus and commuter rail networks, and water shuttles."}], ["Kawasan Perubatan dan Akademik Longwood, bersebelahan dengan daerah Fenway, adalah rumah bagi banyak kemudahan perubatan dan penyelidikan, termasuk Pusat Perubatan Deaconess Beth Israel, Brigham dan Hospital Wanita, Hospital Kanak-kanak Boston, Institut Kanser Dana-Farber, Sekolah Perubatan Harvard , Pusat Diabetes Joslin, dan Kolej Farmasi dan Sains Kesihatan Massachusetts. Kemudahan perubatan terkemuka, termasuk Hospital Besar Massachusetts, Rumah Sakit Mata dan Telinga Massachusetts dan Spaulding terletak di kawasan Beacon Hill. Pusat Perubatan St. Elizabeth berada di Brighton Centre di kejiranan Brighton di bandar ini. New England Baptist Hospital berada di Mission Hill. Bandar ini mempunyai pusat perubatan Hal Ehwal Veteran di kawasan Jamaica Plain dan West Roxbury. Suruhanjaya Kesihatan Awam Boston, agensi kerajaan Massachusetts, mengawasi kebimbangan kesihatan penduduk bandar. Boston EMS menyediakan perkhidmatan perubatan kecemasan pra-hospital kepada penduduk dan pelawat. <> Apakah kawasan perubatan dan akademik Longwood terletak di sebelah? || daerah Fenway <> Di mana terletak Massachusetts General Hospital? || kawasan Beacon Hill <> Di mana terletak pusat perubatan St. Elizabeth? || Brighton Centre <> Agensi apa yang mengawasi kebimbangan kesihatan untuk penduduk bandar? || Suruhanjaya Kesihatan Awam Boston", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Longwood medical and Academic Area located next to?", "id": "56e171d8e3433e1400422f1c", "answers": [{"text": "the Fenway district", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Massachusetts General Hospital located?", "id": "56e171d8e3433e1400422f1d", "answers": [{"text": "the Beacon Hill area", "answer_start": 543}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is St. Elizabeths medical center located?", "id": "56e171d8e3433e1400422f1e", "answers": [{"text": "Brighton Center", "answer_start": 602}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What agency oversees health concerns for city residents?", "id": "56e171d8e3433e1400422f1f", "answers": [{"text": "The Boston Public Health Commission", "answer_start": 803}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Longwood Medical and Academic Area, adjacent to the Fenway district, is home to a large number of medical and research facilities, including Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, and the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences. Prominent medical facilities, including Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital are located in the Beacon Hill area. St. Elizabeth's Medical Center is in Brighton Center of the city's Brighton neighborhood. New England Baptist Hospital is in Mission Hill. The city has Veterans Affairs medical centers in the Jamaica Plain and West Roxbury neighborhoods. The Boston Public Health Commission, an agency of the Massachusetts government, oversees health concerns for city residents. Boston EMS provides pre-hospital emergency medical services to residents and visitors."}], ["Antara 1999 dan 2006, majalah Bicycling bernama Boston tiga kali sebagai salah satu bandar terburuk di Amerika Syarikat untuk berbasikal; tidak kira, ia mempunyai salah satu daripada kadar perjalanan basikal yang paling tinggi. Pada tahun 2008, sebagai akibat daripada penambahbaikan yang dibuat untuk keadaan berbasikal di bandar, majalah yang sama meletakkan Boston pada \"Lima untuk Masa Depan\" senarai sebagai \"Masa Depan Terbaik Bandar\" untuk berbasikal, dan peratusan basikal Boston meningkat daripada 1% dalam 2000 hingga 2.1% pada tahun 2009. Program bikeshare yang dipanggil Hubway dilancarkan pada akhir Julai 2011, membalak lebih daripada 140,000 tunggangan sebelum musim pertama. Perbandaran jiran Cambridge, Somerville, dan Brookline menyertai program Hubway pada musim panas 2012. <> Berita berbasikal bernama Boston salah satu bandar terburuk di Amerika Syarikat untuk apa? || berbasikal <> Apa majalah yang meletakkan Boston pada senarai Masa Depan Terbaik City For Biking? || Majalah berbasikal <> Apakah nama program basikal di Boston? || Hubway <> Tahun apakah hubway dilancarkan? || 2011 <> Berapa banyak tunggangan yang dilakukan Hubway pada tahun pertama? || lebih daripada 140,000", {"qas": [{"question": "Bicycling magazine named Boston one of the worst cities in the US for what?", "id": "56e17841cd28a01900c67997", "answers": [{"text": "cycling", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What magazine put Boston on its Future best City For Biking list?", "id": "56e17841cd28a01900c67998", "answers": [{"text": "Bicycling magazine", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the bike share program in Boston?", "id": "56e17841cd28a01900c67999", "answers": [{"text": "Hubway", "answer_start": 484}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Hubway launch?", "id": "56e17841cd28a01900c6799a", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 513}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many rides did Hubway log in its first year?", "id": "56e17841cd28a01900c6799b", "answers": [{"text": "more than 140,000", "answer_start": 527}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Between 1999 and 2006, Bicycling magazine named Boston three times as one of the worst cities in the US for cycling; regardless, it has one of the highest rates of bicycle commuting. In 2008, as a consequence of improvements made to bicycling conditions within the city, the same magazine put Boston on its \"Five for the Future\" list as a \"Future Best City\" for biking, and Boston's bicycle commuting percentage increased from 1% in 2000 to 2.1% in 2009. The bikeshare program called Hubway launched in late July 2011, logging more than 140,000 rides before the close of its first season. The neighboring municipalities of Cambridge, Somerville, and Brookline joined the Hubway program in summer 2012."}], ["DMA televisyen Boston, yang juga termasuk Manchester, New Hampshire, adalah yang ke-8 terbesar di Amerika Syarikat. Bandar ini dihidangkan oleh stesen-stesen yang mewakili setiap rangkaian utama Amerika, termasuk WBZ-TV dan stesen kakaknya WSBK-TV (bekas CBS O & O, yang merupakan affiliate MyNetwork TV), WCVB-TV (ABC), WHDH (NBC) WFXT (Fox), dan WLVI (The CW). Bandar ini juga menjadi rumah kepada stesen PBS WGBH-TV, pengeluar utama program PBS, yang juga mengendalikan WGBX. Rangkaian televisyen bahasa Sepanyol, termasuk MundoFox (WFXZ-CD), Univision (WUNI), Telemundo (WNEU), dan Telefutura (WUTF-DT), mempunyai kehadiran di rantau ini, dengan WNEU dan WUTF berfungsi sebagai rangkaian milik- stesen yang dikendalikan. Kebanyakan stesen televisyen di kawasan itu mempunyai pemancar mereka di Needham dan Newton berhampiran di koridor Route 128. Stesen televisyen Six Boston dibawa oleh pembekal televisyen satelit Kanada Bell TV dan oleh penyedia televisyen kabel di Kanada. <> Kedudukan apa yang dimiliki oleh DMA televisyen Boston? || Ke-8 terbesar di Amerika Syarikat <> Apakah stesen kakak ke WBZ-TV? || WSBK-TV <> Apa stesen bandar PBS? || WGBH-TV <> MundoFox adalah contoh apa? || Rangkaian televisyen bahasa Sepanyol <> Di manakah kebanyakan pemancar stesen televisyen terletak? || Needham dan Newton", {"qas": [{"question": "What ranking does the Boston television DMA hold?", "id": "56e17077cd28a01900c6792d", "answers": [{"text": "8th largest in the United States", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the sister station to WBZ-TV?", "id": "56e17077cd28a01900c6792e", "answers": [{"text": "WSBK-TV", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the citys PBS station?", "id": "56e17077cd28a01900c6792f", "answers": [{"text": "WGBH-TV", "answer_start": 394}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "MundoFox is an example of what?", "id": "56e17077cd28a01900c67930", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish-language television networks", "answer_start": 463}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are most of the television stations transmitters located?", "id": "56e17077cd28a01900c67931", "answers": [{"text": "Needham and Newton", "answer_start": 764}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Boston television DMA, which also includes Manchester, New Hampshire, is the 8th largest in the United States. The city is served by stations representing every major American network, including WBZ-TV and its sister station WSBK-TV (the former a CBS O&O, the latter an MyNetwork TV affiliate), WCVB-TV (ABC), WHDH (NBC), WFXT (Fox), and WLVI (The CW). The city is also home to PBS station WGBH-TV, a major producer of PBS programs, which also operates WGBX. Spanish-language television networks, including MundoFox (WFXZ-CD), Univision (WUNI), Telemundo (WNEU), and Telefutura (WUTF-DT), have a presence in the region, with WNEU and WUTF serving as network owned-and-operated stations. Most of the area's television stations have their transmitters in nearby Needham and Newton along the Route 128 corridor. Six Boston television stations are carried by Canadian satellite television provider Bell TV and by cable television providers in Canada."}], ["Banyak kemudahan perubatan Boston dikaitkan dengan universiti. Kemudahan di Kawasan Perubatan dan Akademik Longwood dan di Massachusetts General Hospital bersekutu dengan Sekolah Perubatan Harvard. Pusat Perubatan Tufts (dahulunya Pusat Perubatan Tufts-New England), terletak di bahagian selatan kejiranan Chinatown, bergabung dengan Tufts University School of Medicine. Pusat Perubatan Boston, yang terletak di kawasan kejiranan South End, merupakan kemudahan pengajaran utama untuk Boston School of Medicine serta pusat trauma terbesar di kawasan Boston; ia dibentuk oleh penggabungan Hospital Universiti Boston dan Boston City Hospital, yang merupakan hospital perbandaran pertama di Amerika Syarikat. <> Banyak kemudahan perubatan Bostond dikaitkan dengan apa? || universiti <> Kawasan perubatan dan Akademik Longwood berafiliasi dengan sekolah perubatan apa? || Sekolah Perubatan Harvard <> Tufts- Pusat perubatan England baru diganti namanya? || Pusat Perubatan Tufts <> Kejiranan apa yang terletak di pusat perubatan Tufts? || Chinatown <> Apakah nama Hospital perbandaran pertama di Amerika Syarikat? || Hospital Boston City", {"qas": [{"question": "A lot of Bostond medical facilities are associated with what?", "id": "56e172f5cd28a01900c67953", "answers": [{"text": "universities", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Longwood medical and Academic Area is affiliated with what medical school?", "id": "56e172f5cd28a01900c67954", "answers": [{"text": "Harvard Medical School", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tufts- new England medical Center was renamed what?", "id": "56e172f5cd28a01900c67955", "answers": [{"text": "Tufts Medical Center", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What neighborhood is the Tufts medical Center located in?", "id": "56e172f5cd28a01900c67956", "answers": [{"text": "Chinatown", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the first municipal Hospital in the US?", "id": "56e172f5cd28a01900c67957", "answers": [{"text": "Boston City Hospital", "answer_start": 653}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many of Boston's medical facilities are associated with universities. The facilities in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area and in Massachusetts General Hospital are affiliated with Harvard Medical School. Tufts Medical Center (formerly Tufts-New England Medical Center), located in the southern portion of the Chinatown neighborhood, is affiliated with Tufts University School of Medicine. Boston Medical Center, located in the South End neighborhood, is the primary teaching facility for the Boston University School of Medicine as well as the largest trauma center in the Boston area; it was formed by the merger of Boston University Hospital and Boston City Hospital, which was the first municipal hospital in the United States."}]], [["Ia adalah studio filem utama tertua keempat, selepas studio Perancis terkenal Gaumont Film Company dan Path\u00e9, dan syarikat Danish Nordisk Film. <> Apakah kewarganegaraan Path\u00e9? || Perancis <> Bersama dengan Path\u00e9 dan Syarikat Filem Gaumont, apa studio filem utama yang lebih tua kemudian Universal Studios? || Syarikat Filem Nordisk <> Antara kajian filem utama, di manakah Universal Studios pangkat dari segi usia? || keempat <> Apa studio mengikuti Universal untuk menjadi yang tertua? || <> Siapa yang Syarikat Pathe Filem milik? || <> Siapa yang Syarikat Filem Denmark itu milik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the nationality of Path\u00e9?", "id": "56e14515e3433e1400422d18", "answers": [{"text": "French", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Path\u00e9 and the Gaumont Film Company, what major film studio is older then Universal Studios?", "id": "56e14515e3433e1400422d19", "answers": [{"text": "Nordisk Film company", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Among major film studies, where does Universal Studios rank in terms of age?", "id": "56e14515e3433e1400422d1a", "answers": [{"text": "fourth", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "French studios Gaumont Film Company and Path\u00e9, and the Danish Nordisk Film company.", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "What studios follow Universal for being the oldest?", "id": "5ad128e7645df0001a2d0ff0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "French", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "Who does the Pathe Film Company belong to?", "id": "5ad128e7645df0001a2d0ff1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nordisk", "answer_start": 132}], "question": "Who does the Danish Film Company belong to?", "id": "5ad128e7645df0001a2d0ff2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "It is the world's fourth oldest major film studio, after the renowned French studios Gaumont Film Company and Path\u00e9, and the Danish Nordisk Film company."}], ["Pada tahun-tahun awal, Universal mempunyai \"gambar bersih\" dasar. Walau bagaimanapun, menjelang April 1927, Carl Laemmle menganggap ini sebagai kesilapan kerana \"gambar yang tidak bersih\" dari studio lain telah menghasilkan lebih banyak keuntungan manakala Universal kehilangan wang. <> apakah dasar yang diikuti oleh Universal pada tahun-tahun awalnya? || \"gambar bersih\" <> Dengan apa bulan dan tahun apakah Laemmle menukar pendapatnya tentang \"gambar yang tidak bersih\"? || April 1927 <> Mengapa Laemmle menukar kedudukannya ke \"gambar yang tidak bersih\"? || Universal telah kehilangan wang <> Dasar apa yang ditubuhkan pada bulan April 1927? || <> Bilakah Carl Laemmle memutuskan untuk mewujudkan dasar gambar yang bersih? || <> Apa yang Carl Laemmle menganggap kesilapan pada tahun 1972? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "what was the policy that Universal followed in its early years?", "id": "56e14acbcd28a01900c6774b", "answers": [{"text": "\"clean picture\"", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what month and year did Laemmle change his opinion on \"unclean pictures\"?", "id": "56e14acbcd28a01900c6774c", "answers": [{"text": "April 1927", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did Laemmle change his position on \"unclean pictures\"?", "id": "56e14acbcd28a01900c6774d", "answers": [{"text": "Universal was losing money", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"clean picture\" policy", "answer_start": 36}], "question": "What policy was established in April 1927?", "id": "5ad13864645df0001a2d122c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "April 1927", "answer_start": 72}], "question": "When did Carl Laemmle decide to establish a clean picture policy?", "id": "5ad13864645df0001a2d122d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"clean picture\" policy", "answer_start": 36}], "question": "What did Carl Laemmle consider a mistake in 1972?", "id": "5ad13864645df0001a2d122e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the early years, Universal had a \"clean picture\" policy. However, by April 1927, Carl Laemmle considered this to be a mistake as \"unclean pictures\" from other studios were generating more profit while Universal was losing money."}], ["Pada tahun-tahun awal Universal mengeluarkan tiga jenama filem ciri - Red Feather, pengaturcara rendah anggaran; Bluebird, lebih banyak pengeluaran bercita-cita tinggi; dan Jewel, gambar gerak prestij mereka. Pengarah-pengarah termasuk Jack Conway, John Ford, Rex Ingram, Robert Z. Leonard, George Marshall dan Lois Weber, salah seorang dari beberapa wanita yang mengarahkan filem-filem di Hollywood. 13 <> Apa jenis filem yang dihasilkan oleh Red Feather? || pengaturcara anggaran rendah <> Jenis filem apa yang keluar dari Bluebird? || lebih banyak bercita-cita tinggi <> Apa gerakan gambar dibuat oleh Jewel? || gambar gerakan prestij <> Apa profesion George Marshall? || Para pengarah <> Siapakah salah seorang pengarah Hollywood wanita dalam era ini? || Lois Weber <> Siapa Red Bluebird jenama? || <> Apa itu Blue Feather jenama? || <> Apa itu Jewel Bird jenama? || <> Siapa wanita yang mengarahkan filem-filem di Hollywood? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What sort of films were produced by Red Feather?", "id": "56e14887e3433e1400422d4e", "answers": [{"text": "low-budget programmers", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of movies came out of Bluebird?", "id": "56e14887e3433e1400422d4f", "answers": [{"text": "more ambitious productions", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What motion pictures were made by Jewel?", "id": "56e14887e3433e1400422d50", "answers": [{"text": "prestige motion pictures", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the profession of George Marshall?", "id": "56e14887e3433e1400422d51", "answers": [{"text": "Directors", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was one of the few female Hollywood directors in this era?", "id": "56e14887e3433e1400422d52", "answers": [{"text": "Lois Weber", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "low-budget programmers", "answer_start": 83}], "question": "Who was Red Bluebird a brand for?", "id": "5ad12e9a645df0001a2d10c6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "more ambitious productions", "answer_start": 117}], "question": "What was Blue Feather a brand for?", "id": "5ad12e9a645df0001a2d10c7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prestige motion pictures", "answer_start": 162}], "question": "What was Jewel Bird a brand for?", "id": "5ad12e9a645df0001a2d10c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lois Weber", "answer_start": 282}], "question": "Who was the one woman directing films in Hollywood?", "id": "5ad12e9a645df0001a2d10c9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In its early years Universal released three brands of feature films \u2014 Red Feather, low-budget programmers; Bluebird, more ambitious productions; and Jewel, their prestige motion pictures. Directors included Jack Conway, John Ford, Rex Ingram, Robert Z. Leonard, George Marshall and Lois Weber, one of the few women directing films in Hollywood.:13"}], ["Pada 15 Mac, 1915,: 8 Laemmle membuka kemudahan pengeluaran gambar gerakan terbesar di dunia, Universal City Studios, di ladang penukaran 230-ekar (0.9-km\u00b2) di Cahuenga Pass dari Hollywood. Pengurusan studio menjadi aspek ketiga dalam operasi Universal, dengan studio itu diperbadankan sebagai organisasi anak syarikat yang berbeza. Tidak seperti mogul filem lain, Laemmle membuka studionya kepada pelancong. Universal menjadi studio terbesar di Hollywood, dan kekal selama sedekad. Walau bagaimanapun, ia mencari penonton kebanyakannya di bandar-bandar kecil, menghasilkan kebanyakan melodramas murah, barat dan siri. <> Pada tarikh apakah Universal City Studios dibuka? || 15 Mac 1915 <> Dalam kilometer persegi, apakah saiz Universal City Studios? || 0.9 <> Apakah ciri geografi yang dipisahkan Universal City Studios dari Hollywood? || Cahuenga Pass <> Apa studio Hollywood terbesar dalam tempoh ini? || Universal <> Apa yang dibuka pada 19 Mac 1915? || <> Siapa yang membuka Universal City Studios pada 19 Mac 1915? || <> Studio apa yang dibina di ladang penukaran 230-km\u00b2? || <> Siapa yang membuka studionya kepada pelancong seperti mogul filem lain? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date did Universal City Studios open?", "id": "56e1483acd28a01900c67731", "answers": [{"text": "March 15, 1915", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In square kilometers, what was the size of Universal City Studios?", "id": "56e1483acd28a01900c67732", "answers": [{"text": "0.9", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What geographical feature separated Universal City Studios from Hollywood?", "id": "56e1483acd28a01900c67733", "answers": [{"text": "Cahuenga Pass", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the biggest Hollywood studio during this period?", "id": "56e1483acd28a01900c67734", "answers": [{"text": "Universal", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal City Studios", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "What opened on March 19, 1915?", "id": "5ad12d31645df0001a2d109a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Laemmle", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "Who opened Universal City Studios on March 19, 1915?", "id": "5ad12d31645df0001a2d109b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal City Studios", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "What studio was built on a 230-km\u00b2 converted farm?", "id": "5ad12d31645df0001a2d109c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Laemmle", "answer_start": 362}], "question": "Who opened his studio to tourists like other movie moguls?", "id": "5ad12d31645df0001a2d109d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On March 15, 1915,:8 Laemmle opened the world's largest motion picture production facility, Universal City Studios, on a 230-acre (0.9-km\u00b2) converted farm just over the Cahuenga Pass from Hollywood. Studio management became the third facet of Universal's operations, with the studio incorporated as a distinct subsidiary organization. Unlike other movie moguls, Laemmle opened his studio to tourists. Universal became the largest studio in Hollywood, and remained so for a decade. However, it sought an audience mostly in small towns, producing mostly inexpensive melodramas, westerns and serials."}], ["Syarikat Pengilangan Filem Universal telah diperbadankan di New York pada 30 April 1912. Laemmle, yang muncul sebagai presiden pada bulan Julai 1912, merupakan tokoh utama dalam perkongsian dengan Dintenfass, Baumann, Kessel, Powers, Swanson, Horsley, dan Brulatour. Akhirnya semua akan dibeli oleh Laemmle. Studio Universal baru itu adalah sebuah syarikat yang berintegrasi secara vertikal, dengan tempat pengeluaran, pengedaran dan pameran filem semua dihubungkan dalam entiti korporat yang sama, elemen utama era sistem Studio. <> Pada tarikh apakah penggabungan Syarikat Pembuatan Filem Universal? || April 30, 1912 <> Dalam keadaan apa yang diperbadankan Syarikat Pembuatan Filem Universal? || New York <> Siapa presiden Syarikat Pembuatan Filem Universal sekitar Julai 1912? || Laemmle <> Apakah nasib rakan kongsi lain dari Syarikat Pengilangan Filem Universal? || dibeli oleh Laemmle <> Bersama dengan pameran dan pengedaran, perniagaan apa yang dilakukan Syarikat Pembuatan Filem Universal? || pengeluaran filem <> Apa yang diperbadankan di New York pada 30 April 1921? || <> Siapa yang muncul sebagai presiden pada bulan April 1912? || <> Di mana Universal Manufacturing Film Company diperbadankan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the incorporation of the Universal Film Manufacturing Company?", "id": "56e147e6cd28a01900c67727", "answers": [{"text": "April 30, 1912", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what state was the Universal Film Manufacturing Company incorporated?", "id": "56e147e6cd28a01900c67728", "answers": [{"text": "New York", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the president of the Universal Film Manufacturing Company circa July 1912?", "id": "56e147e6cd28a01900c67729", "answers": [{"text": "Laemmle", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the fate of the other partners of the Universal Film Manufacturing Company?", "id": "56e147e6cd28a01900c6772a", "answers": [{"text": "bought out by Laemmle", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with exhibition and distribution, what business did the Universal Film Manufacturing Company engage in?", "id": "56e147e6cd28a01900c6772b", "answers": [{"text": "movie production", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Universal Film Manufacturing Company", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What was incorporated in New York on April 30, 1921?", "id": "5ad12c1a645df0001a2d108a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Laemmle", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "Who emerged as president in April 1912?", "id": "5ad12c1a645df0001a2d108b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "New York", "answer_start": 61}], "question": "Where was the Universal Manufacturing Film Company incorporated? ", "id": "5ad12c1a645df0001a2d108c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Universal Film Manufacturing Company was incorporated in New York on April 30, 1912. Laemmle, who emerged as president in July 1912, was the primary figure in the partnership with Dintenfass, Baumann, Kessel, Powers, Swanson, Horsley, and Brulatour. Eventually all would be bought out by Laemmle. The new Universal studio was a vertically integrated company, with movie production, distribution and exhibition venues all linked in the same corporate entity, the central element of the Studio system era."}], ["Universal Studios Inc. (juga dikenali sebagai Universal Pictures) adalah sebuah studio filem Amerika, yang dimiliki oleh Comcast melalui anak syarikat milik penuhnya, NBCUniversal, dan merupakan salah satu studio film Hollywood \"Big Six\". Studio produksi di 100 Universal City Plaza Drive di Universal City, California. Pengedaran dan pejabat korporat lain berada di New York City. Universal Studios adalah ahli Persatuan Gambar Gerakan Amerika (MPAA). Universal didirikan pada tahun 1912 oleh Carl Laemmle dari Jerman, \"LEM-lee\", Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, dan Jules Brulatour. <> Apakah nama lain untuk Universal Studios Inc. || Universal Pictures <> Siapa pemilik Ultimate Universal Studios? || Comcast <> Apakah alamat jalan studio produksi Universal Studios? || 100 Universal City Plaza Drive <> Dalam apa bandar dan negeri studio pengeluarannya terletak? || Universal City, California <> Di mana bandar ada pejabat korporat Universal Studios? || New York City <> Apa yang MAAP tahan? || <> Apa yang ditubuhkan pada tahun 1921? || <> Siapa yang mengasaskan Universal Studios pada tahun 1921? || <> Siapa yang memiliki Comcast? || <> Di mana di Universal City terdapat pejabat korporat yang terletak? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another name for Universal Studios Inc.?", "id": "56e144b0cd28a01900c6770b", "answers": [{"text": "Universal Pictures", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the ultimate owner of Universal Studios?", "id": "56e144b0cd28a01900c6770c", "answers": [{"text": "Comcast", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the street address of Universal Studios' production studios?", "id": "56e144b0cd28a01900c6770d", "answers": [{"text": "100 Universal City Plaza Drive", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city and state are its production studios located?", "id": "56e144b0cd28a01900c6770e", "answers": [{"text": "Universal City, California", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city are Universal Studios' corporate offices located?", "id": "56e144b0cd28a01900c6770f", "answers": [{"text": "New York City", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Motion Picture Association of America", "answer_start": 395}], "question": "What does MAAP stand for?", "id": "5ad127e6645df0001a2d0fb0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal", "answer_start": 441}], "question": "What was founded in 1921?", "id": "5ad127e6645df0001a2d0fb1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Carl Laemmle (pronounced \"LEM-lee\"), Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, and Jules", "answer_start": 485}], "question": "Who founded Universal Studios in 1921?", "id": "5ad127e6645df0001a2d0fb2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "NBCUniversal", "answer_start": 139}], "question": "Who owns Comcast?", "id": "5ad127e6645df0001a2d0fb3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "100 Universal City Plaza Drive", "answer_start": 233}], "question": "Where in Universal City are the corporate offices located?", "id": "5ad127e6645df0001a2d0fb4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Universal Studios Inc. (also known as Universal Pictures) is an American film studio, owned by Comcast through its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal, and is one of Hollywood's \"Big Six\" film studios. Its production studios are at 100 Universal City Plaza Drive in Universal City, California. Distribution and other corporate offices are in New York City. Universal Studios is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA). Universal was founded in 1912 by the German Carl Laemmle (pronounced \"LEM-lee\"), Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, and Jules Brulatour."}], ["Pada tahun 1926, Universal membuka unit pengeluaran di Jerman, Deutsche Universal-Film AG, di bawah arahan Joe Pasternak. Unit ini menghasilkan tiga hingga empat filem setiap tahun sehingga tahun 1936, berpindah ke Hungary dan kemudian Austria dalam menghadapi dominasi Hitler yang menguasai Eropah tengah. Dengan kedatangan suara, produksi ini dibuat dalam bahasa Jerman atau, kadang-kadang, Hungary atau Poland. Di A.S., Universal Pictures tidak mengedarkan mana-mana filem anak-anak syarikat ini, tetapi sekurang-kurangnya sebahagian daripada mereka telah dipamerkan melalui pengedar filem lain yang lain, bebas, bahasa asing yang berpangkalan di New York, tanpa faedah daripada subtitle Bahasa Inggeris. Penganiayaan Nazi dan perubahan pemilikan bagi ibu bapa organisasi Universal Pictures menghasilkan pembubaran anak syarikat ini. <> Apakah nama unit pengeluaran Universal di Jerman? || Deutsche Universal-Film AG <> Siapa yang menjalankan unit pengeluaran Jerman Universal? || Joe Pasternak <> Dalam tahun apakah Deutsche Universal-Film AG terbuka? || 1926 <> Berapa banyak filem yang dilakukan anak syarikat Universal Jerman setiap tahun? || tiga hingga empat <> Bersama dengan Jerman dan Austria, di mana Deutsche Universal-Film AG pada satu masa berdasarkan? || Hungary <> Apa yang dibuka pada tahun 1962? || <> Siapa yang mengarahkan Deutsche AG Universal-Film? || <> Berapa banyak filem yang dihasilkan Deutsche Universal-Film AG pada tahun 1936? || <> Di mana Universal Pictures mengedarkan filem anak-anak syarikat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of Universal's German production unit?", "id": "56e14a14e3433e1400422d62", "answers": [{"text": "Deutsche Universal-Film AG", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ran Universal's German production unit?", "id": "56e14a14e3433e1400422d63", "answers": [{"text": "Joe Pasternak", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Deutsche Universal-Film AG open?", "id": "56e14a14e3433e1400422d64", "answers": [{"text": "1926", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many films did Universal's German subsidiary make yearly?", "id": "56e14a14e3433e1400422d65", "answers": [{"text": "three to four", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Germany and Austria, where was Deutsche Universal-Film AG at one time based?", "id": "56e14a14e3433e1400422d66", "answers": [{"text": "Hungary", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Deutsche Universal-Film AG", "answer_start": 56}], "question": "What opened in 1962?", "id": "5ad137f8645df0001a2d11fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Joe Pasternak", "answer_start": 107}], "question": "Who directed Deutsche AG Universal-Film?", "id": "5ad137f8645df0001a2d11fd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three to four", "answer_start": 141}], "question": "How many films did Deutsche Universal-Film AG produce in 1936?", "id": "5ad137f8645df0001a2d11fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "New York", "answer_start": 597}], "question": "Where did Universal Pictures distribute the subsidiary's films?", "id": "5ad137f8645df0001a2d11ff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1926, Universal opened a production unit in Germany, Deutsche Universal-Film AG, under the direction of Joe Pasternak. This unit produced three to four films per year until 1936, migrating to Hungary and then Austria in the face of Hitler's increasing domination of central Europe. With the advent of sound, these productions were made in the German language or, occasionally, Hungarian or Polish. In the U.S., Universal Pictures did not distribute any of this subsidiary's films, but at least some of them were exhibited through other, independent, foreign-language film distributors based in New York, without benefit of English subtitles. Nazi persecution and a change in ownership for the parent Universal Pictures organization resulted in the dissolution of this subsidiary."}], ["Tidak lama kemudian, Laemmle dan pemilik nickelodeon lain yang tidak puas hati memutuskan untuk mengelakkan membayar Edison dengan menghasilkan gambar mereka sendiri. Pada bulan Jun 1909, Laemmle memulakan Syarikat Filem Yankee dengan rakan-rakan Abe Stern dan Julius Stern. Syarikat itu dengan cepat berkembang menjadi Syarikat Pemindahan Bebas (IMP), dengan studio di Fort Lee, New Jersey, di mana banyak filem awal dalam industri filem pertama Amerika Syarikat dihasilkan pada awal abad ke-20. Laemmle memecah adat Edison kerana enggan memberikan kredit pengebilan dan skrin kepada penghibur. Dengan menamakan bintang-bintang filem, beliau menarik ramai pemain utama masa itu, menyumbang kepada penciptaan sistem bintang. Pada tahun 1910, beliau mempromosikan Florence Lawrence, yang dahulunya dikenali sebagai \"The Biograph Girl\", dan pelakon King Baggot, dalam apa yang mungkin menjadi contoh pertama studio menggunakan bintang dalam pemasarannya. <> Syarikat apa yang Laemmle dijumpai pada bulan Jun 1909? || Yankee Film Company <> Siapa rakan perniagaan Laemmle di Syarikat Filem Yankee? || Abe Stern dan Julius Stern <> Di mana bandar dan negeri adalah Syarikat Pemindah Gambar Bebas? || Fort Lee, New Jersey <> Apakah nama panggilan Florence Lawrence? || The Biograph Girl <> Apa pelakon yang Laemmle mempromosikan? || Raja Baggot <> Apa yang dilakukan Laemmle dan Edison? || <> Siapa yang memulakan Syarikat Filem Yankee pada tahun 1910? || <> Apa yang telah bermula pada bulan Jun 1910? || <> Apa itu Lawrence Florence dikenali? || <> Apakah IPM berdiri? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What company did Laemmle found in June 1909?", "id": "56e146bde3433e1400422d32", "answers": [{"text": "Yankee Film Company", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were Laemmle's business partners in the Yankee Film Company?", "id": "56e146bde3433e1400422d33", "answers": [{"text": "Abe Stern and Julius Stern", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city and state was the Independent Moving Pictures Company based?", "id": "56e146bde3433e1400422d34", "answers": [{"text": "Fort Lee, New Jersey", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was a nickname of Florence Lawrence?", "id": "56e146bde3433e1400422d35", "answers": [{"text": "The Biograph Girl", "answer_start": 727}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What actor did Laemmle promote?", "id": "56e146bde3433e1400422d36", "answers": [{"text": "King Baggot", "answer_start": 757}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "producing their own pictures", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "What did Laemmle and Edison decide to do?", "id": "5ad12b14645df0001a2d106c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Laemmle", "answer_start": 133}], "question": "Who started the Yankee Film Company in 1910?", "id": "5ad12b14645df0001a2d106d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Yankee Film Company", "answer_start": 153}], "question": "What was started in June 1910?", "id": "5ad12b14645df0001a2d106e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Biograph Girl", "answer_start": 727}], "question": "What was Lawrence Florence known as?", "id": "5ad12b14645df0001a2d106f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Independent Moving Pictures Company", "answer_start": 253}], "question": "What does IPM stand for?", "id": "5ad12b14645df0001a2d1070", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Soon, Laemmle and other disgruntled nickelodeon owners decided to avoid paying Edison by producing their own pictures. In June 1909, Laemmle started the Yankee Film Company with partners Abe Stern and Julius Stern. That company quickly evolved into the Independent Moving Pictures Company (IMP), with studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey, where many early films in America's first motion picture industry were produced in the early 20th century. Laemmle broke with Edison's custom of refusing to give billing and screen credits to performers. By naming the movie stars, he attracted many of the leading players of the time, contributing to the creation of the star system. In 1910, he promoted Florence Lawrence, formerly known as \"The Biograph Girl\", and actor King Baggot, in what may be the first instance of a studio using stars in its marketing."}], ["Universal Studios diasaskan oleh Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane [a] dan Jules Brulatour. Satu cerita mempunyai Laemmle menonton sebuah kotak pejabat selama berjam-jam, menghitung pelanggan dan menghitung taksiran hari itu. Dalam beberapa minggu perjalanannya di Chicago, Laemmle menyerahkan barangan kering untuk membeli beberapa nickelodeon pertama. Bagi Laemmle dan usahawan-usahawan lain yang lain, penciptaan pada tahun 1908 oleh Motion Picture Trust yang disokong oleh Edison bermakna pempamer dijangka membayar yuran untuk filem-filem yang dihasilkan oleh Trust yang mereka tunjukkan. Berdasarkan Latham Loop yang digunakan dalam kamera dan projektor, bersama-sama dengan paten lain, Amanah mengutip yuran ke atas semua aspek pengeluaran dan pameran filem, dan cuba menguatkuasakan monopoli pada pengedaran. <> Selepas perjalanan ke bandar apa yang dilakukan Carl Laemmle meninggalkan perniagaan barang kering? || Chicago <> Dalam tahun berapa adalah Motion Picture Trust dicipta? || 1908 <> Apa tokoh sejarah yang ketara terlibat dalam Motion Picture Trust? || Edison <> Untuk apa bahagian projektor filem bergerak yang Motion Picture Trust memegang paten? || Latham Loop <> yang mengasaskan Universal Studios di Chicago? || <> Apa yang telah dibuat pada tahun 1980? || <> Siapa yang menyokong gambar Motion Trust? || <> Siapa yang cuba menguatkuasakan monopoli pada kamera dan projektor? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "After a trip to what city did Carl Laemmle leave the dry goods business?", "id": "56e14623cd28a01900c67715", "answers": [{"text": "Chicago", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the Motion Picture Trust created?", "id": "56e14623cd28a01900c67716", "answers": [{"text": "1908", "answer_start": 448}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What notable historical figure was involved in the Motion Picture Trust?", "id": "56e14623cd28a01900c67717", "answers": [{"text": "Edison", "answer_start": 460}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what part of a motion picture projector did the Motion Picture Trust hold a patent?", "id": "56e14623cd28a01900c67718", "answers": [{"text": "the Latham Loop", "answer_start": 590}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane[a] and Jules Brulatour", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "Who founded Universal Studios in Chicago?", "id": "5ad129c4645df0001a2d1016", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Motion Picture Trust", "answer_start": 474}], "question": "What was created in 1980?", "id": "5ad129c4645df0001a2d1017", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Edison", "answer_start": 460}], "question": "Who back the Motion Trust Picture?", "id": "5ad129c4645df0001a2d1018", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Trust", "answer_start": 664}], "question": "Who attempted to enforce a monopoly on cameras and projectors?", "id": "5ad129c4645df0001a2d1019", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Universal Studios was founded by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane[a] and Jules Brulatour. One story has Laemmle watching a box office for hours, counting patrons and calculating the day's takings. Within weeks of his Chicago trip, Laemmle gave up dry goods to buy the first several nickelodeons. For Laemmle and other such entrepreneurs, the creation in 1908 of the Edison-backed Motion Picture Trust meant that exhibitors were expected to pay fees for Trust-produced films they showed. Based on the Latham Loop used in cameras and projectors, along with other patents, the Trust collected fees on all aspects of movie production and exhibition, and attempted to enforce a monopoly on distribution."}], ["Walaupun peranan Laemmle sebagai inovator, dia adalah ketua studio yang sangat berhati-hati. Tidak seperti pesaing Adolph Zukor, William Fox, dan Marcus Loew, Laemmle memilih untuk tidak mengembangkan rantaian teater. Dia juga membiayai semua filemnya sendiri, enggan mengambil hutang. Dasar ini hampir memusnahkan studio ketika pelakon pengarah Erich von Stroheim menegaskan nilai pengeluaran yang terlalu tinggi untuk filem-filemnya Blind Husbands (1919) dan Foolish Wives (1922), tetapi Universal cerdik mendapat pulangan pada beberapa perbelanjaan dengan melancarkan iklan sensasi kempen yang menarik penonton wayang. Pelakon watak Lon Chaney menjadi kad lukisan untuk Universal pada tahun 1920-an, muncul dengan mantap dalam drama. Dua hits terbesarnya untuk Universal ialah The Bunchback of Notre Dame (1923) dan The Phantom of the Opera (1925). Dalam tempoh ini, Laemmle mengamanahkan kebanyakan keputusan dasar pengeluaran kepada Irving Thalberg. Thalberg telah menjadi setiausaha peribadi Laemmle, dan Laemmle terkesan dengan pemerhatiannya tentang bagaimana studio dapat dikendalikan dengan cekap. Dipromosikan menjadi ketua studio, Thalberg telah memberikan sentuhan Universal kepada kelas, tetapi kepala produksi MGM Louis B. Mayer memikat Thalberg dari Universal dengan janji membayar lebih baik. Tanpa bimbingannya, Universal menjadi studio peringkat kedua, dan akan kekal selama beberapa dekad. <> Siapa yang mengarahkan Husbands Blind? || Erich von Stroheim <> Pada tahun apa yang diproduksi oleh Foolish Wives? || 1922 <> Siapa yang membintangi The Phantom of the Opera? || Lon Chaney <> Tahun berapa melihat versi filem The Bunchback of Notre Dame? || 1923 <> Siapa yang pernah menjadi setiausaha peribadi Laemmle? || Irving Thalberg <> Siapa lagi yang memutuskan untuk tidak mengembangkan rantaian teater dengan Laemmle? || <> Tahun berapakah suami Bongkol keluar? || <> Berapa tahun yang dilakukan oleh Wali Wives? || <> Siapa yang membintangi filem 1957 The Bunch of Notre Dame? || <> Siapa yang membintangi filem 1923 The Phantom of the Opera? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who directed Blind Husbands?", "id": "56e14927e3433e1400422d58", "answers": [{"text": "Erich von Stroheim", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Foolish Wives produced?", "id": "56e14927e3433e1400422d59", "answers": [{"text": "1922", "answer_start": 436}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who starred in The Phantom of the Opera?", "id": "56e14927e3433e1400422d5a", "answers": [{"text": "Lon Chaney", "answer_start": 591}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year saw a film version of The Hunchback of Notre Dame?", "id": "56e14927e3433e1400422d5b", "answers": [{"text": "1923", "answer_start": 751}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was at one time Laemmle's personal secretary?", "id": "56e14927e3433e1400422d5c", "answers": [{"text": "Irving Thalberg", "answer_start": 874}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Adolph Zukor, William Fox, and Marcus Loew", "answer_start": 97}], "question": "Who else decided not to develop a theater chain with Laemmle?", "id": "5ad1301e645df0001a2d10ec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1922", "answer_start": 436}], "question": "What year did Foolish Husbands come out?", "id": "5ad1301e645df0001a2d10ed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1919", "answer_start": 411}], "question": "What year did Blind Wives come out?", "id": "5ad1301e645df0001a2d10ee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lon Chaney", "answer_start": 591}], "question": "Who starred in the 1925 film The Hunchback of Notre Dame?", "id": "5ad1301e645df0001a2d10ef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lon Chaney", "answer_start": 591}], "question": "Who starred in the 1923 film The Phantom of the Opera?", "id": "5ad1301e645df0001a2d10f0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Despite Laemmle's role as an innovator, he was an extremely cautious studio chief. Unlike rivals Adolph Zukor, William Fox, and Marcus Loew, Laemmle chose not to develop a theater chain. He also financed all of his own films, refusing to take on debt. This policy nearly bankrupted the studio when actor-director Erich von Stroheim insisted on excessively lavish production values for his films Blind Husbands (1919) and Foolish Wives (1922), but Universal shrewdly gained a return on some of the expenditure by launching a sensational ad campaign that attracted moviegoers. Character actor Lon Chaney became a drawing card for Universal in the 1920s, appearing steadily in dramas. His two biggest hits for Universal were The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923) and The Phantom of the Opera (1925). During this period Laemmle entrusted most of the production policy decisions to Irving Thalberg. Thalberg had been Laemmle's personal secretary, and Laemmle was impressed by his cogent observations of how efficiently the studio could be operated. Promoted to studio chief, Thalberg was giving Universal's product a touch of class, but MGM's head of production Louis B. Mayer lured Thalberg away from Universal with a promise of better pay. Without his guidance Universal became a second-tier studio, and would remain so for several decades."}], ["Laemmle, Jr mencipta ceruk untuk studio itu, yang memulakan satu siri filem seram yang dilanjutkan ke tahun 1940-an, yang dikenali sebagai Universal Horror. Antaranya ialah Frankenstein (1931), Dracula (juga pada tahun 1931), The Mummy (1932) dan The Invisible Man (1933). Produk Laemmle yang lain dalam tempoh ini termasuk Imitation of Life (1934) dan My Man Godfrey (1936). <> Dalam tahun apakah Universal membuat versi filem Dracula? || 1931 <> Pada tahun manakah yang dibuat oleh Man Invisible? || 1933 <> Filem apa yang dihasilkan oleh Laemmle pada tahun 1934? || Imitasi Kehidupan <> Dalam tahun berapakah My Man Godfrey perdana? || 1936 <> Bilakah versi Universal Frankenstein dibuat? || 1931 <> Apa yang bermula pada 1940-an? || <> Tahun apakah Manusia Godfrey dibuat? || <> Apa tahun yang dibuat oleh Man Invisible saya? || <> Tahun apakah Dracula dibuat? || <> Tahun berapa Mummy dibuat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Universal make a film version of Dracula?", "id": "56e14edfe3433e1400422d88", "answers": [{"text": "1931", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was The Invisible Man made?", "id": "56e14edfe3433e1400422d89", "answers": [{"text": "1933", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What film was produced by Laemmle in 1934?", "id": "56e14edfe3433e1400422d8a", "answers": [{"text": "Imitation of Life", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did My Man Godfrey premiere?", "id": "56e14edfe3433e1400422d8b", "answers": [{"text": "1936", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Universal's version of Frankenstein made?", "id": "56e14edfe3433e1400422d8c", "answers": [{"text": "1931", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a series of horror films", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "What began in the 1940s?", "id": "5ad13e47645df0001a2d137a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1936", "answer_start": 353}], "question": "What year was The Man Godfrey made?", "id": "5ad13e47645df0001a2d137b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1933", "answer_start": 252}], "question": "What year was My Invisible Man made?", "id": "5ad13e47645df0001a2d137c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1931", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "What year was The Dracula made?", "id": "5ad13e47645df0001a2d137d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1932", "answer_start": 223}], "question": "What year was Mummy made?", "id": "5ad13e47645df0001a2d137e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Laemmle, Jr. created a niche for the studio, beginning a series of horror films which extended into the 1940s, affectionately dubbed Universal Horror. Among them are Frankenstein (1931), Dracula ( also in 1931), The Mummy (1932) and The Invisible Man (1933). Other Laemmle productions of this period include Imitation of Life (1934) and My Man Godfrey (1936)."}], ["Apabila Pasternak berhenti menghasilkan gambar-gambar Durbin, dan dia melangkah lebih banyak kepribadiannya dan memainkan peranan yang lebih dramatik, studio itu menandatangani Gloria Jean yang berusia 13 tahun untuk siri-siri muzik Pasternaknya dari tahun 1939; dia pergi ke bintang dengan Bing Crosby, W. C. Fields, dan Donald O'Connor. Filem Universal yang popular pada tahun 1930-an adalah Destry Rides Again (1939), yang dibintangi oleh James Stewart sebagai Destry dan Marlene Dietrich dalam peranannya selepas meninggalkan Paramount Studios. <> Berapa lama adalah Gloria Jean pada tahun 1939? || 13 <> Bersama Donald O'Connor dan Bing Crosby, dengan siapa bintang Gloria Jean? || Bing Crosby <> Siapa yang bermain Destry di Destry Rides Again? || James Stewart <Sebelum bekerja di Universal, studio apa yang digunakan Marlene Dietrich? || Paramount Studios <> Pada tahun apakah Destry Rides dihasilkan semula? || 1939 <> Tahun apakah studio menandatangani Gloria Durbin? || <> Apa yang berlaku di Gloria Durbin? || <> Siapakah bintang Gloria Durbin dengan? || <> Apa 1930 filem membintangi James Stewart? || <> Apa wanita yang membintangi filem 1930 Destry Rides Again? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How old was Gloria Jean in 1939?", "id": "56e15399cd28a01900c677db", "answers": [{"text": "13", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Donald O'Connor and Bing Crosby, with whom did Gloria Jean star?", "id": "56e15399cd28a01900c677dc", "answers": [{"text": "Bing Crosby", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who played Destry in Destry Rides Again?", "id": "56e15399cd28a01900c677dd", "answers": [{"text": "James Stewart", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Prior to working at Universal, what studio employed Marlene Dietrich?", "id": "56e15399cd28a01900c677de", "answers": [{"text": "Paramount Studios", "answer_start": 450}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Destry Rides again produced?", "id": "56e15399cd28a01900c677df", "answers": [{"text": "1939", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1939", "answer_start": 208}], "question": "What year did the studio sign Gloria Durbin?", "id": "5ad144d6645df0001a2d149c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "her own series of Pasternak musicals", "answer_start": 166}], "question": "What did Gloria Durbin star in?", "id": "5ad144d6645df0001a2d149d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bing Crosby, W. C. Fields, and Donald O'Connor", "answer_start": 239}], "question": "Who did Gloria Durbin star with?", "id": "5ad144d6645df0001a2d149e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Destry Rides Again", "answer_start": 334}], "question": "What 1930 film starred James Stewart?", "id": "5ad144d6645df0001a2d149f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Marlene Dietrich", "answer_start": 398}], "question": "What woman starred in the 1930 film Destry Rides Again?", "id": "5ad144d6645df0001a2d14a0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "When Pasternak stopped producing Durbin's pictures, and she outgrew her screen persona and pursued more dramatic roles, the studio signed 13-year-old Gloria Jean for her own series of Pasternak musicals from 1939; she went on to star with Bing Crosby, W. C. Fields, and Donald O'Connor. A popular Universal film of the late 1930s was Destry Rides Again (1939), starring James Stewart as Destry and Marlene Dietrich in her comeback role after leaving Paramount Studios."}], ["Pelayaran Universal ke dalam pengeluaran berkualiti tinggi menjejaskan penghujung era Laemmle di studio. Mengambil alih tugas untuk memodenkan dan menaik taraf sebuah konglomerat filem di kedalaman kemurungan adalah berisiko, dan untuk satu masa Universal menyelinap ke penerima. Rangkaian teater telah dibatalkan, tetapi Carl, Jr. memegang dengan cepat untuk operasi pengedaran, studio dan pengeluaran. <> Apa sebahagian daripada perniagaan Universal ditamatkan semasa kebankrapan? || Rangkaian teater <> Bersama dengan operasi pengedaran dan studio, apa bahagian Universal dikekalkan oleh Carl Laemmle, Jr semasa muflis? || operasi pengeluaran <> Apakah jenis konglomerat rantaian yang dibatalkan? || <> Apa yang dilakukan Carl Jr dengan cepat selain rantaian teater? || <> Berapa tempoh Universal bergerak ke dalam pengeluaran berkualiti tinggi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What part of Universal's business was terminated while it was in bankruptcy?", "id": "56e1506ee3433e1400422da6", "answers": [{"text": "The theater chain", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with distribution and studio operations, what part of Universal was retained by Carl Laemmle, Jr. during bankruptcy?", "id": "56e1506ee3433e1400422da7", "answers": [{"text": "production operations", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "theater", "answer_start": 265}], "question": "What type of chain conglomerate was scrapped?", "id": "5ad13f71645df0001a2d13aa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "distribution, studio and production operations", "answer_start": 320}], "question": "What did Carl Jr hold fast in addition to the theater chain?", "id": "5ad13f71645df0001a2d13ab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the depression", "answer_start": 183}], "question": "What period did Universal move into high-quality production in?", "id": "5ad13f71645df0001a2d13ac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Universal's forays into high-quality production spelled the end of the Laemmle era at the studio. Taking on the task of modernizing and upgrading a film conglomerate in the depths of the depression was risky, and for a time Universal slipped into receivership. The theater chain was scrapped, but Carl, Jr. held fast to distribution, studio and production operations."}], ["\"Junior\" Laemmle memujuk ayahnya untuk membawa Universal sehingga kini. Dia membeli dan membina teater, menukarkan studio untuk menghasilkan bunyi, dan membuat beberapa pengeluaran untuk pengeluaran berkualiti tinggi. Usaha awalnya termasuk versi perbualan baru dari Edna Ferber's Show Boat (1929), Broadway Musical yang mewah (1929) yang merangkumi urutan Technicolor; dan ciri-ciri muzik berwarna pertama (untuk Universal), King of Jazz (1930). Yang lebih serius Semua Tenang di Barisan Barat (1930), memenangi Oscar Picture Terbaik tahun itu. <> Apakah nama samaran Carl Laemmle Jr? || Junior <> Filem apa yang berdasarkan novel Edna Ferber? || Show Boat <> Dalam tahun apakah Broadway muzik dihasilkan? || 1929 <> Filem apa yang memenangi Anugerah Akademi 1930 untuk Gambar Terbaik? || Semua Tenang di Depan Barat <> Apa warna-warna muzik yang dibuat oleh Universal pada tahun 1930? || Raja Jazz <> Apa filem 1930 berdasarkan novel Edna Farber yang dihasilkan Universal? || <> Apa 1930 muzik yang dihasilkan oleh Universal? || <> Apa 1929 ciri-ciri muzik berwarna semua menghasilkan Universal? || <> Apa 1929 filem yang memenangi Tahun Terbaik Piture Oscar? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Carl Laemmle Jr.'s nickname?", "id": "56e14e56cd28a01900c67783", "answers": [{"text": "Junior", "answer_start": 1}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What movie was based on an Edna Ferber novel?", "id": "56e14e56cd28a01900c67784", "answers": [{"text": "Show Boat", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the musical Broadway produced?", "id": "56e14e56cd28a01900c67785", "answers": [{"text": "1929", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What movie won the 1930 Academy Award for Best Picture?", "id": "56e14e56cd28a01900c67786", "answers": [{"text": "All Quiet on the Western Front", "answer_start": 473}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What all-color musical did Universal make in 1930?", "id": "56e14e56cd28a01900c67787", "answers": [{"text": "King of Jazz", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Show Boat", "answer_start": 287}], "question": "What 1930 film based on Edna Farber's novel did Universal produce?", "id": "5ad13d69645df0001a2d1350", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Broadway", "answer_start": 324}], "question": "What 1930 musical did Universal produce?", "id": "5ad13d69645df0001a2d1351", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "King of Jazz", "answer_start": 435}], "question": "What 1929 all-color musical feature did Universal produce?", "id": "5ad13d69645df0001a2d1352", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "All Quiet on the Western Front", "answer_start": 473}], "question": "What 1929 film won its year's Best Piture Oscar?", "id": "5ad13d69645df0001a2d1353", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "\"Junior\" Laemmle persuaded his father to bring Universal up to date. He bought and built theaters, converted the studio to sound production, and made several forays into high-quality production. His early efforts included the critically mauled part-talkie version of Edna Ferber's novel Show Boat (1929), the lavish musical Broadway (1929) which included Technicolor sequences; and the first all-color musical feature (for Universal), King of Jazz (1930). The more serious All Quiet on the Western Front (1930), won its year's Best Picture Oscar."}], ["Pada tahun 2006, selepas hampir 80 tahun, NBC Universal menjual semua kartun Oswald yang dihasilkan Walt Disney, bersama-sama dengan hak-haknya sendiri, kembali ke Disney. Sebagai balasannya, Disney melepaskan pelumba ABC Al Michaels dari kontraknya supaya dia boleh bekerja pada NFL malam minggu NFL pakej bola sepak. Walau bagaimanapun, Universal mengekalkan pemilikan kartun Oswald yang dihasilkan untuk mereka oleh Walter Lantz dari tahun 1929 hingga 1943. <Siapa yang membeli kartun Oswald the Lucky Rabbit pada tahun 2006? || Disney <> Siapa penjual kartun Oswald tahun 2006? || NBC Universal <> Apa angka yang ketara bekerja sebagai sukan untuk ABC? || Al Michaels <> Siapa yang mula menghasilkan kartun Oswald untuk Universal pada tahun 1929? || Walter Lantz <> Pada tahun apakah Walter Lantz berhenti menghasilkan kartun Oswald untuk Universal? || 1943 <> Apa yang dijual oleh NBC Universal pada tahun 2008? || <> Apa yang dilakukan NBC Universal selepas 60 tahun? || <> Apa penyokong NBC melakukan pelepasan Disney daripada kontrak? || <> Apakah Universal mengekalkan pemilikan dari tahun 1923 hingga 1949? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who bought the Oswald the Lucky Rabbit cartoons in 2006?", "id": "56e14bdacd28a01900c67765", "answers": [{"text": "Disney", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was 2006 seller of the Oswald cartoons?", "id": "56e14bdacd28a01900c67766", "answers": [{"text": "NBC Universal", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What notable figure worked as a sportscaster for ABC?", "id": "56e14bdacd28a01900c67767", "answers": [{"text": "Al Michaels", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who began producing Oswald cartoons for Universal in 1929?", "id": "56e14bdacd28a01900c67768", "answers": [{"text": "Walter Lantz", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Walter Lantz cease producing Oswald cartoons for Universal?", "id": "56e14bdacd28a01900c67769", "answers": [{"text": "1943", "answer_start": 396}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Walt Disney-produced Oswald cartoons, along with the rights to the character himself", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "What did NBC Universal sell in 2008?", "id": "5ad13ae0645df0001a2d12e6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Walt Disney-produced Oswald cartoons, along with the rights to the character himself", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "What did NBC Universal do after 60 years?", "id": "5ad13ae0645df0001a2d12e7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Al Michaels", "answer_start": 201}], "question": "What NBC sportscaster did Disney release from contract?", "id": "5ad13ae0645df0001a2d12e8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Oswald cartoons produced for them by Walter Lantz", "answer_start": 333}], "question": "What did Universal retain ownership of from 1923 to 1949?", "id": "5ad13ae0645df0001a2d12e9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2006, after almost 80 years, NBC Universal sold all Walt Disney-produced Oswald cartoons, along with the rights to the character himself, back to Disney. In return, Disney released ABC sportscaster Al Michaels from his contract so he could work on NBC's Sunday night NFL football package. However, Universal retained ownership of Oswald cartoons produced for them by Walter Lantz from 1929 to 1943."}], ["Universal mempunyai hak untuk watak \"Oswald the Lucky Rabbit\", walaupun Walt Disney dan Ub Iwerks telah mencipta Oswald, dan filem mereka telah menikmati larian teater yang berjaya. Selepas Charles Mintz tidak berjaya menuntut Disney menerima bayaran yang lebih rendah untuk menghasilkan harta itu, Mintz menghasilkan filem-filem dengan kumpulan animatornya sendiri. Sebaliknya, Disney dan Iwerks mencipta Mickey Mouse yang pada tahun 1928 merenung dalam \"animasi\" pendek animasi yang pertama, Steamboat Willie. Masa ini dengan berkesan melancarkan Walt Disney Studios, sementara Universal menjadi pemain kecil dalam animasi filem. Universal kemudiannya memisahkan pautannya ke Mintz dan membentuk studio animasi dalamannya sendiri untuk menghasilkan kartun Oswald yang diketuai oleh Walter Lantz. <> Bersama dengan Walt Disney, yang menciptakan Oswald the Lucky Rabbit? || Ub Iwerks <> Yang mempunyai hak untuk Oswald? || Universal <> Siapa yang menghasilkan gambar Oswald the Lucky Rabbit? || Charles Mintz <> Apa watak yang dibuat oleh Walt Disney pada tahun 1928? || Mickey Mouse <> Apa animasi pertama yang pendek dengan bunyi disegerakkan? || Steamboat Willie <> Yang mempunyai hak untuk Oswald the Rabbit? || <> Siapa yang membuat Oswald dengan Ib Uwerks? || <> Siapa yang dicipta pada tahun 1829 oleh Disney dan Iwerks? || <> Apa animasi pendek pertama 1982? || <> Apakah Walt Disney pemain kecil? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Walt Disney, who created Oswald the Lucky Rabbit?", "id": "56e14b3bcd28a01900c6775b", "answers": [{"text": "Ub Iwerks", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who owned the rights to Oswald?", "id": "56e14b3bcd28a01900c6775c", "answers": [{"text": "Universal", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who produced an Oswald the Lucky Rabbit motion picture?", "id": "56e14b3bcd28a01900c6775d", "answers": [{"text": "Charles Mintz", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What character did Walt Disney create in 1928?", "id": "56e14b3bcd28a01900c6775e", "answers": [{"text": "Mickey Mouse", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first animated short with synchronized sound?", "id": "56e14b3bcd28a01900c6775f", "answers": [{"text": "Steamboat Willie", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who owned the rights to Oswald the Rabbit?", "id": "5ad139b1645df0001a2d1288", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Walt Disney", "answer_start": 80}], "question": "Who created Oswald with Ib Uwerks?", "id": "5ad139b1645df0001a2d1289", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mickey Mouse", "answer_start": 383}], "question": "Who was created in 1829 by Disney and Iwerks?", "id": "5ad139b1645df0001a2d128a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Steamboat Willie", "answer_start": 457}], "question": "What was the first 1982 animated short?", "id": "5ad139b1645df0001a2d128b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "film animation", "answer_start": 580}], "question": "What was Walt Disney a minor player in?", "id": "5ad139b1645df0001a2d128c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Universal owned the rights to the \"Oswald the Lucky Rabbit\" character, although Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks had created Oswald, and their films had enjoyed a successful theatrical run. After Charles Mintz had unsuccessfully demanded that Disney accept a lower fee for producing the property, Mintz produced the films with his own group of animators. Instead, Disney and Iwerks created Mickey Mouse who in 1928 stared in the first \"sync\" sound animated short, Steamboat Willie. This moment effectively launched Walt Disney Studios' foothold, while Universal became a minor player in film animation. Universal subsequently severed its link to Mintz and formed its own in-house animation studio to produce Oswald cartoons headed by Walter Lantz."}], ["Sementara itu, pengeluar Joe Pasternak, yang telah berjaya menghasilkan muzik ringan dengan sopranos muda untuk anak syarikat Universal Jerman, mengulangi formulanya di Amerika. Penyanyi remaja Deanna Durbin membintangi filem Amerika pertama Pasternak, Tiga Gadis Cerdas (1936). Filem ini telah melanda kotak-kotak dan dikatakan telah memulihkan kesolvenan studio. Kejayaan filem itu mengetuai Universal untuk menawarkan kontraknya, yang selama lima tahun pertama karirnya menghasilkan gambar yang paling berjaya. <> Siapa yang menghasilkan filem Three Smart Girls? || Joe Pasternak <> Siapa yang membintangi filem Three Smart Girls? || Deanna Durbin <> Pada tahun apakah tiga Gadis Cantik dibuat? || 1936 <Sebelum kerja di Amerika, di mana Joe Pasternak bekerja? || Anak syarikat Universal Jerman <> Apa jenis filem yang dihasilkan Joe Pasternak di Jerman? || muzik muzikal <> Filem apa yang dikeluarkan pada tahun 1963? || <> Siapa yang menghasilkan filem Three Smart Girls tahun 1963? || <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh bintang Deanna Pasternak? || <> Apa filem 1963 untuk studio itu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who produced the film Three Smart Girls?", "id": "56e1531ccd28a01900c677d1", "answers": [{"text": "Joe Pasternak", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who starred in the film Three Smart Girls?", "id": "56e1531ccd28a01900c677d2", "answers": [{"text": "Deanna Durbin", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Three Smart Girls made?", "id": "56e1531ccd28a01900c677d3", "answers": [{"text": "1936", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Prior to his work in America, where was Joe Pasternak employed?", "id": "56e1531ccd28a01900c677d4", "answers": [{"text": "Universal's German subsidiary", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of films did Joe Pasternak produce in Germany?", "id": "56e1531ccd28a01900c677d5", "answers": [{"text": "light musicals", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Three Smart Girls", "answer_start": 247}], "question": "What film was released in 1963?", "id": "5ad14404645df0001a2d1482", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Joe Pasternak", "answer_start": 20}], "question": "Who produced the 1963 film Three Smart Girls?", "id": "5ad14404645df0001a2d1483", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Three Smart Girls", "answer_start": 247}], "question": "What did Deanna Pasternak star in?", "id": "5ad14404645df0001a2d1484", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "restored the studio's solvency", "answer_start": 317}], "question": "What did the 1963 film to for the studio?", "id": "5ad14404645df0001a2d1485", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Meanwhile, producer Joe Pasternak, who had been successfully producing light musicals with young sopranos for Universal's German subsidiary, repeated his formula in America. Teenage singer Deanna Durbin starred in Pasternak's first American film, Three Smart Girls (1936). The film was a box-office hit and reputedly restored the studio's solvency. The success of the film led Universal to offer her a contract, which for the first five years of her career produced her most successful pictures."}], ["Universal's 1936 Show Boat (dibebaskan sedikit lebih sebulan kemudian) menjadi kejayaan yang kritikal dan kewangan, ia tidak mencukupi untuk menyelamatkan keterlibatan Laemmles dengan studio. Mereka dipisahkan dari syarikat yang mereka telah ditubuhkan. Kerana Laemmles secara peribadi mengawasi pengeluaran, Show Boat telah dibebaskan (walaupun pengambilalihan) dengan nama Carl Laemmle dan Carl Laemmle Jr pada kredit dan dalam kampanye iklan film. Standard Capital J. Cheever Cowdin telah mengambil alih sebagai presiden dan pengerusi lembaga pengarah, dan memulakan pemotongan teruk dalam belanjawan pengeluaran. Pergi adalah cita-cita besar, dan walaupun Universal mempunyai beberapa nama besar di bawah kontrak, mereka yang telah ditanam, seperti William Wyler dan Margaret Sullavan, pergi. <> Siapa yang menjadi presiden Universal selepas pengambilalihan Standard Capital? || J. Cheever Cowdin <> Apa bintang wanita yang ketara meninggalkan Universal selepas pengambilalihan Standard Capital? || Margaret Sullavan <> Siapa pengerusi Universal dewan pengarah selepas pengambilalihan Standard Captial? || J. Cheever Cowdin <> Bersama Margaret Sullavan, apa bakat filem yang ketara ditinggalkan Universal selepas pengambilalihan Standard Capital? || William Wyler <> Pada tahun apakah Show Boat dikeluarkan? || 1936 <> Siapa yang dipecat dari majlis peribadinya? || <> Apakah kedudukan J. Cowdin Cheever memegang? || <> Apakah kedudukan di papan yang dilakukan J. Cowdin Cheever mengambil alih? || <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh William Sullavan dan Margaret Wyler? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who became president of Universal after the Standard Capital takeover?", "id": "56e15143cd28a01900c677b5", "answers": [{"text": "J. Cheever Cowdin", "answer_start": 469}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What notable female star left Universal after the Standard Capital takeover?", "id": "56e15143cd28a01900c677b6", "answers": [{"text": "Margaret Sullavan", "answer_start": 745}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Universal's chairman of the board of directors after the Standard Captial takeover?", "id": "56e15143cd28a01900c677b7", "answers": [{"text": "J. Cheever Cowdin", "answer_start": 469}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Margaret Sullavan, what notable film talent left Universal after the Standard Capital takeover?", "id": "56e15143cd28a01900c677b8", "answers": [{"text": "William Wyler", "answer_start": 727}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Show Boat released?", "id": "56e15143cd28a01900c677b9", "answers": [{"text": "1936", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Laemmles", "answer_start": 253}], "question": "Who was ceremoniously removed from the company?", "id": "5ad14301645df0001a2d143e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "president", "answer_start": 505}], "question": "What position did J. Cowdin Cheever hold?", "id": "5ad14301645df0001a2d143f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "chairman of the board of directors", "answer_start": 519}], "question": "What position on the board did J. Cowdin Cheever take over?", "id": "5ad14301645df0001a2d1440", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "left", "answer_start": 764}], "question": "What did William Sullavan and Margaret Wyler do?", "id": "5ad14301645df0001a2d1441", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Universal's 1936 Show Boat (released a little over a month later) became a critical and financial success, it was not enough to save the Laemmles' involvement with the studio. They were unceremoniously removed from the company they had founded. Because the Laemmles personally oversaw production, Show Boat was released (despite the takeover) with Carl Laemmle and Carl Laemmle Jr.'s names on the credits and in the advertising campaign of the film. Standard Capital's J. Cheever Cowdin had taken over as president and chairman of the board of directors, and instituted severe cuts in production budgets. Gone were the big ambitions, and though Universal had a few big names under contract, those it had been cultivating, like William Wyler and Margaret Sullavan, left."}], ["Pada tahun 1928, Laemmle, Sr membuat anaknya, kepala, kepala Universal Pictures, Carl, sebagai hadiah hari jadi ke-21. Universal sudah mempunyai reputasi untuk nepotisme-pada satu-satu masa, 70 saudara Carl, Sr. yang diduga sedang dalam senarai gaji. Ramai daripada mereka adalah anak saudara, yang menyebabkan Carl, Sr dikenali di sekitar studio sebagai \"Uncle Carl.\" Ogden Nash terkenal dengan ucapan dalam sajak, \"Paman Carl Laemmle / Mempunyai faemmle yang sangat besar.\" Di antara saudara-saudara ini adalah pengarah / pengeluar pemenang Anugerah Academy William Wyler masa depan. <> Berapa banyak keluarga Carl Laemmle, Sr. yang bekerja untuk Universal pada tahun 1928? || 70 <> Apa nama panggilan Carl Laemmle, Sr. di Universal? || Paman Carl <> Penyair mana yang menulis sajak terkenal tentang Laemmle? || Ogden Nash <> Pada umur berapa Carl Laemmle, Jr menjadi presiden Universal? || 21 <> Apakah pengarah pemenang Anugerah Akademi adalah saudara Carl Laemmle? || William Wyler <> Siapa yang menjadi ketua Universal Pictures pada tahun 1921? || <> Berapa ramai saudara lelaki Laemmle Sr. berada di senarai gaji pada tahun 1928? || <> Apa yang dikatakan Nash Ogden tentang Uncle Carl? || <> Siapa yang Wyler William berkaitan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many of Carl Laemmle, Sr.'s relatives were working for Universal as of 1928?", "id": "56e14c5fcd28a01900c6776f", "answers": [{"text": "70", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Carl Laemmle, Sr.'s nickname at Universal?", "id": "56e14c5fcd28a01900c67770", "answers": [{"text": "Uncle Carl", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What poet wrote a notable rhyme about Laemmle?", "id": "56e14c5fcd28a01900c67771", "answers": [{"text": "Ogden Nash", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what age did Carl Laemmle, Jr. become president of Universal?", "id": "56e14c5fcd28a01900c67772", "answers": [{"text": "21", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Academy Award-winning director was a relative of Carl Laemmle's?", "id": "56e14c5fcd28a01900c67773", "answers": [{"text": "William Wyler", "answer_start": 478}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Carl, Jr.", "answer_start": 36}], "question": "Who become head of Universal Pictures in 1921?", "id": "5ad13bc6645df0001a2d130a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "70", "answer_start": 162}], "question": "How many relatives of Laemmle Sr. were on the payroll in 1928?", "id": "5ad13bc6645df0001a2d130b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"Uncle Carl Laemmle/Has a very large faemmle.\"", "answer_start": 358}], "question": "What did Nash Ogden say about Uncle Carl?", "id": "5ad13bc6645df0001a2d130c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Laemmle, Sr", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "Who was Wyler William related to?", "id": "5ad13bc6645df0001a2d130d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1928, Laemmle, Sr. made his son, Carl, Jr. head of Universal Pictures as a 21st birthday present. Universal already had a reputation for nepotism\u2014at one time, 70 of Carl, Sr.'s relatives were supposedly on the payroll. Many of them were nephews, resulting in Carl, Sr. being known around the studios as \"Uncle Carl.\" Ogden Nash famously quipped in rhyme, \"Uncle Carl Laemmle/Has a very large faemmle.\" Among these relatives was future Academy Award winning director/producer William Wyler."}], ["Akhir untuk Laemmles datang dengan versi Show Boat yang mewah (1936), pembuatan semula pengeluaran pengeluaran talkie yang lebih awal tahun 1929, dan dihasilkan sebagai filem berkualiti tinggi, lebih besar daripada sebagai gambar B. Filem baru ini menampilkan beberapa bintang dari versi panggung Broadway, yang mula dihasilkan pada akhir 1935, dan tidak seperti filem tahun 1929 berdasarkan muzik Broadway dan bukan novel. Kebiasaan belanja Carl, Jr. mengejutkan pemegang saham syarikat. Mereka tidak akan membenarkan pengeluaran bermula di Show Boat kecuali Laemmles memperoleh pinjaman. Universal terpaksa mencari pinjaman pengeluaran sebanyak $ 750,000 dari Standard Capital Corporation, yang menjanjikan kepentingan mengawal keluarga Laemmle di Universal sebagai cagaran. Ia adalah kali pertama Universal meminjam wang untuk pengeluaran dalam sejarah 26 tahun. Pengeluaran telah mencapai $ 300,000 lebih daripada belanjawan; Standard yang dipanggil dalam pinjaman, wang tunai Universal tidak dapat dibayar, Standard yang diarahkan dan dirampas kawalan studio pada 2 April 1936. <> Dalam tahun berapa adalah versi filem yang tidak disengajakan oleh Universal Show Boat dikeluarkan? || 1936 <> Pada tahun apakah Universal pernah membuat versi Show Boat? || 1929 <> Berapakah jumlah pinjaman pengeluaran Universal yang ingin melengkapkan Show Boat? || $ 750,000 <> Siapa yang memberi Universal pinjaman pengeluaran? || Standard Capital Corporation <> Bilakah Perbadanan Modal Standard mengawal Universal? || April 2, 1936 <> Siapa terpaksa mencari pinjaman $ 300,000? || <> Pengeluaran apa yang pergi ke $ 750,000 berbanding belanjawan? || <> Apakah Modal Standard Corporation mengeluarkan Universal? || <> Apa yang berlaku pada 2 April 1935? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was Universal's ill-fated film version of Show Boat released?", "id": "56e150d1cd28a01900c677ab", "answers": [{"text": "1936", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year had Universal previously made a version of Show Boat?", "id": "56e150d1cd28a01900c677ac", "answers": [{"text": "1929", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the amount of the production loan Universal sought to complete Show Boat?", "id": "56e150d1cd28a01900c677ad", "answers": [{"text": "$750,000", "answer_start": 570}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who granted Universal the production loan?", "id": "56e150d1cd28a01900c677ae", "answers": [{"text": "the Standard Capital Corporation", "answer_start": 600}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Standard Capital Corporation take control of Universal?", "id": "56e150d1cd28a01900c677af", "answers": [{"text": "April 2, 1936", "answer_start": 971}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal", "answer_start": 539}], "question": "Who was forced to seek a $300,000 loan?", "id": "5ad140ec645df0001a2d13dc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Show Boat", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "What production went $750,000 over budget?", "id": "5ad140ec645df0001a2d13dd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "production loan", "answer_start": 579}], "question": "What did Standard Corporation Capital issue Universal?", "id": "5ad140ec645df0001a2d13de", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Standard foreclosed and seized control of the studio", "answer_start": 915}], "question": "What happened on April 2, 1935?", "id": "5ad140ec645df0001a2d13df", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The end for the Laemmles came with a lavish version of Show Boat (1936), a remake of its earlier 1929 part-talkie production, and produced as a high-quality, big-budget film rather than as a B-picture. The new film featured several stars from the Broadway stage version, which began production in late 1935, and unlike the 1929 film was based on the Broadway musical rather than the novel. Carl, Jr.'s spending habits alarmed company stockholders. They would not allow production to start on Show Boat unless the Laemmles obtained a loan. Universal was forced to seek a $750,000 production loan from the Standard Capital Corporation, pledging the Laemmle family's controlling interest in Universal as collateral. It was the first time Universal had borrowed money for a production in its 26-year history. The production went $300,000 over budget; Standard called in the loan, cash-strapped Universal could not pay, Standard foreclosed and seized control of the studio on April 2, 1936."}], ["Walaupun Decca akan terus mengekalkan belanjawan gambar, ia disukai oleh perubahan keadaan dalam perniagaan filem, memandangkan studio lain membiarkan pelakon kontraknya berjalan selepas 1948 A.S. vs. Paramount Pictures, et al. keputusan. Pelakon utama semakin bebas bekerja di mana dan ketika mereka memilih, dan pada tahun 1950, wakil ejen MCA, Lew Wasserman membuat perjanjian dengan Universal untuk pelanggannya James Stewart yang akan mengubah peraturan perniagaan. Perjanjian Wasserman memberikan Stewart satu bahagian dalam keuntungan tiga gambar sebagai ganti gaji yang besar. Apabila salah satu daripada filem itu, Winchester '73, terbukti menjadi satu hit, pengaturan itu akan menjadi peraturan untuk banyak produksi masa depan di Universal, dan akhirnya di studio lain juga. <> Siapa yang menjadi agen bakat terkenal sekitar tahun 1950? || Lew Wasserman <> Bintang apa yang Lew Wasserman mewakili? || James Stewart <> Apa yang dipaparkan oleh aktor di Winchester '73? || James Stewart <> Apa keputusan undang-undang yang menyebabkan studio filem membiarkan pelakon kontrak mereka pergi? || A.S. vs. Paramount Pictures, et al. <> Apa keputusan mahkamah yang berlaku pada tahun 1950? || <> Siapa yang membuat perjanjian pada tahun 1948 dengan Universal untuk James Stewart? || <> Apa syarikat Lew Wasserman membuat perjanjian pada tahun 1948? || <> Siapa yang menjadi ejen MAC? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was a notable talent agent circa 1950?", "id": "56e1644ee3433e1400422e6c", "answers": [{"text": "Lew Wasserman", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What star did Lew Wasserman represent?", "id": "56e1644ee3433e1400422e6d", "answers": [{"text": "James Stewart", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What actor featured in Winchester '73?", "id": "56e1644ee3433e1400422e6e", "answers": [{"text": "James Stewart", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What legal decision resulted in movie studios letting their contract actors go?", "id": "56e1644ee3433e1400422e6f", "answers": [{"text": "U.S. vs. Paramount Pictures, et al.", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "U.S. vs. Paramount Pictures", "answer_start": 191}], "question": "What court decision happened in 1950?", "id": "5ad1518d645df0001a2d173e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lew Wasserman", "answer_start": 332}], "question": "Who made a deal in 1948 with Universal for James Stewart?", "id": "5ad1518d645df0001a2d173f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal", "answer_start": 363}], "question": "What company did Lew Wasserman make a deal with in 1948?", "id": "5ad1518d645df0001a2d1740", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lew Wasserman", "answer_start": 332}], "question": "Who was a MAC agent?", "id": "5ad1518d645df0001a2d1741", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Though Decca would continue to keep picture budgets lean, it was favored by changing circumstances in the film business, as other studios let their contract actors go in the wake of the 1948 U.S. vs. Paramount Pictures, et al. decision. Leading actors were increasingly free to work where and when they chose, and in 1950 MCA agent Lew Wasserman made a deal with Universal for his client James Stewart that would change the rules of the business. Wasserman's deal gave Stewart a share in the profits of three pictures in lieu of a large salary. When one of those films, Winchester '73, proved to be a hit, the arrangement would become the rule for many future productions at Universal, and eventually at other studios as well."}], ["Pada tahun 1950-an, Universal-International meneruskan siri filem Arabian Nights, yang banyak dibintangi oleh Tony Curtis. Studio ini juga berjaya dengan filem fiksyen sains dan sains yang dihasilkan oleh William Alland, dengan banyak yang diarahkan oleh Jack Arnold. Kejayaan lain adalah melodramas yang diarahkan oleh Douglas Sirk dan dihasilkan oleh Ross Hunter, walaupun untuk pengkritik filem mereka tidak begitu terfikir tentang pelepasan pertama seperti yang mereka telah menjadi. Antara bintang stabil Universal-International ialah Rock Hudson, Tony Curtis, Jeff Chandler, Audie Murphy, dan John Gavin. <> Siapa yang membuat banyak filem Universal-International's Arabian Nights menampilkan? || Tony Curtis <> Yang terutama menghasilkan filem fiksyen sains dan sains untuk Universal? || William Alland <> Apa pengarah sejagat dikenali dengan melodramasnya? || Douglas Sirk <> Siapa yang mengarahkan filem raksasa untuk Universal? || Jack Arnold <> Siapa yang menghasilkan melodramas untuk Universal? || Ross Hunter <> Apa filem yang pernah disiarkan oleh Tony Alland? || <> Apa jenis filem yang dihasilkan oleh William Curtis? || <> Apa jenis filem yang dihasilkan oleh Douglas Hunter dan Ross Sirk? || <> Apa syarikat yang membuat bintang Rock Hudson, Tony Chandler, dan Jeff Curtis bekerja? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did many of Universal-International's Arabian Nights films feature?", "id": "56e1636ce3433e1400422e58", "answers": [{"text": "Tony Curtis", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who notably produced monster and science fiction films for Universal?", "id": "56e1636ce3433e1400422e59", "answers": [{"text": "William Alland", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Universal director was known for his melodramas?", "id": "56e1636ce3433e1400422e5a", "answers": [{"text": "Douglas Sirk", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who directed monster movies for Universal?", "id": "56e1636ce3433e1400422e5b", "answers": [{"text": "Jack Arnold", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who produced melodramas for Universal?", "id": "56e1636ce3433e1400422e5c", "answers": [{"text": "Ross Hunter", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Arabian Nights", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "What series of films did Tony Alland star in?", "id": "5ad15058645df0001a2d171a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "monster and science fiction", "answer_start": 146}], "question": "What types of films did William Curtis produce?", "id": "5ad15058645df0001a2d171b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "melodramas", "answer_start": 268}], "question": "What type of films did Douglas Hunter and Ross Sirk produce?", "id": "5ad15058645df0001a2d171c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal-International", "answer_start": 442}], "question": "What company did stars Rock Hudson, Tony Chandler, and Jeff Curtis work for?", "id": "5ad15058645df0001a2d171d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the 1950s, Universal-International resumed their series of Arabian Nights films, many starring Tony Curtis. The studio also had a success with monster and science fiction films produced by William Alland, with many directed by Jack Arnold. Other successes were the melodramas directed by Douglas Sirk and produced by Ross Hunter, although for film critics they were not so well thought of on first release as they have since become. Among Universal-International's stable of stars were Rock Hudson, Tony Curtis, Jeff Chandler, Audie Murphy, and John Gavin."}], ["Universal jarang dapat menstabilkan bintangnya sendiri, dan sering meminjam bakat dari studio lain, atau mengupah pelakon bebas. Selain Stewart dan Dietrich, Margaret Sullavan, dan Bing Crosby adalah dua nama utama yang membuat beberapa gambar untuk Universal dalam tempoh ini. Beberapa bintang datang dari radio, termasuk Edgar Bergen, W. C. Fields, dan pasukan komedi Abbott dan Costello (Bud Abbott dan Lou Costello). Komedi ketenteraan Abbott dan Costello, Buck Privates (1941) memberikan bekas pelawak burlesque profil nasional dan antarabangsa. <> Apa dua pemain yang dikenali sebagai pasukan Abbott dan Costello? || Bud Abbott dan Lou Costello <> Apa komedi militer yang membintangi bintang Bud Abbott dan Lou Costello? || Buck Privates <> Bersama dengan Abbott dan Costello dan Edgar Bergen, apa bintang radio muncul dalam filem Universal? || W. C. Bidang <> Apa media hiburan Edgar Fields dan W.C. Bergen berasal? || <> Komedi apa yang keluar pada tahun 1914? || <> Siapa yang membintangi komedi Buck Privates 1914? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What two performers were known as the team Abbott and Costello?", "id": "56e15ca6cd28a01900c6780d", "answers": [{"text": "Bud Abbott and Lou Costello", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What military comedy did Bud Abbott and Lou Costello star in?", "id": "56e15ca6cd28a01900c6780e", "answers": [{"text": "Buck Privates", "answer_start": 471}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Abbott and Costello and Edgar Bergen, what radio star appeared in Universal films?", "id": "56e15ca6cd28a01900c6780f", "answers": [{"text": "W. C. Fields", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "radio", "answer_start": 314}], "question": "What entertainment medium did Edgar Fields and W.C. Bergen come from?", "id": "5ad14694645df0001a2d14fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Buck Privates", "answer_start": 471}], "question": "What comedy came out in 1914?", "id": "5ad14694645df0001a2d14ff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Abbott and Costello", "answer_start": 382}], "question": "Who starred in the 1914 Buck Privates comedy?", "id": "5ad14694645df0001a2d1500", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Universal could seldom afford its own stable of stars, and often borrowed talent from other studios, or hired freelance actors. In addition to Stewart and Dietrich, Margaret Sullavan, and Bing Crosby were two of the major names that made a couple of pictures for Universal during this period. Some stars came from radio, including Edgar Bergen, W. C. Fields, and the comedy team of Abbott and Costello (Bud Abbott and Lou Costello). Abbott and Costello's military comedy Buck Privates (1941) gave the former burlesque comedians a national and international profile."}], ["Menjelang akhir tahun 1950-an, perniagaan filem bergerak sekali lagi berubah. Gabungan pemecahan studio / teater-rantaian dan kebangkitan televisyen menyaksikan saiz khalayak yang dikurangkan untuk produksi pawagam. Perbadanan Muzik Amerika (MCA), yang kemudiannya menjadi agen bakat, juga menjadi pengeluar televisyen yang kuat, menyewa ruang di Republic Studios untuk anak syarikat Revue Productions. Selepas tempoh penutupan yang lengkap, Universal yang hampir-hampir bersetuju untuk menjual lot studio 360-ekar (1.5 km\u00b2) kepada MCA pada tahun 1958, untuk $ 11 juta, dinamakan semula Revue Studios. MCA memiliki banyak studio, tetapi tidak Universal Pictures, namun semakin berpengaruh terhadap produk Universal. Banyak studio telah dinaik taraf dan dimodenkan, sementara pelanggan MCA seperti Doris Day, Lana Turner, Cary Grant, dan pengarah Alfred Hitchcock telah menandatangani kontrak Universal Pictures. <> Apa akronim yang dikenali oleh Perbadanan Muzik Amerika? || MCA <> Di mana ruang sewa subsidiari Revue Productions MCA? || Republic Studios <> Dalam kilometer persegi, berapa besar yang Universal dijual kepada MCA? || 1.5 <> Pada tahun apakah Universal menjual lebih banyak 360 ekar kepada MCA? || 1958 <> Berapa banyak yang dibayar MCA untuk lot 360-hektar Universal? || $ 11 juta <> Apa yang bertanggungjawab untuk peningkatan penonton untuk produksi pawagam? || <> Apakah MAC berdiri? || <> Bilakah Universal menjual lot studio 1.5 hektar? || <> Berapa banyak yang dijual Universal untuk MAC? || <> Apa yang MAC tidak dimiliki selepas pembelian banyak? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What acronym was the Music Corporation of America known by?", "id": "56e1657ee3433e1400422e7e", "answers": [{"text": "MCA", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did MCA's Revue Productions subsidiary rent space?", "id": "56e1657ee3433e1400422e7f", "answers": [{"text": "Republic Studios", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In square kilometers, how large was the lot Universal sold to MCA?", "id": "56e1657ee3433e1400422e80", "answers": [{"text": "1.5", "answer_start": 484}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Universal sell its 360-acre lot to MCA?", "id": "56e1657ee3433e1400422e81", "answers": [{"text": "1958", "answer_start": 514}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did MCA pay for Universal's 360-acre lot?", "id": "56e1657ee3433e1400422e82", "answers": [{"text": "$11 million", "answer_start": 524}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The combination of the studio/theater-chain break-up and the rise of television", "answer_start": 67}], "question": "What was responsible for a rise in audience for cinema productions?", "id": "5ad152f1645df0001a2d176e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Music Corporation of America", "answer_start": 201}], "question": "What does MAC stand for?", "id": "5ad152f1645df0001a2d176f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1958", "answer_start": 514}], "question": "When did Universal sell its 1.5-acre studio lot?", "id": "5ad152f1645df0001a2d1770", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "$11 million", "answer_start": 524}], "question": "How much did Universal sell its lot to MAC for?", "id": "5ad152f1645df0001a2d1771", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal Pictures", "answer_start": 594}], "question": "What did MAC not own after the lot purchase?", "id": "5ad152f1645df0001a2d1772", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "By the late 1950s, the motion picture business was again changing. The combination of the studio/theater-chain break-up and the rise of television saw the reduced audience size for cinema productions. The Music Corporation of America (MCA), then predominately a talent agency, had also become a powerful television producer, renting space at Republic Studios for its Revue Productions subsidiary. After a period of complete shutdown, a moribund Universal agreed to sell its 360-acre (1.5 km\u00b2) studio lot to MCA in 1958, for $11 million, renamed Revue Studios. MCA owned the studio lot, but not Universal Pictures, yet was increasingly influential on Universal's product. The studio lot was upgraded and modernized, while MCA clients like Doris Day, Lana Turner, Cary Grant, and director Alfred Hitchcock were signed to Universal Pictures contracts."}], ["Pada awal tahun 1940-an, syarikat itu menumpukan perhatian kepada pengeluaran rendah-bajet yang utama syarikat itu: barat, melodramas, siri dan sekuel ke gambar seram studio, yang kini hanya gambar B sahaja. Studio ini memupuk banyak siri: The Dead End Kids dan Little Action Guys Guys feature and serials (1938-43); pengembaraan komik bayi Baby Sandy (1938-41); komedi dengan Hugh Herbert (1938-42) dan The Ritz Brothers (1940-43); muzikal dengan Robert Paige, Jane Frazee, Andrews Sisters, dan The Merry Macs (1938-45); dan barat dengan Tom Mix (1932-33), Buck Jones (1933-36), Bob Baker (1938-39), Johnny Mack Brown (1938-43); Rod Cameron (1944-45), dan Kirby Grant (1946-47). <> Semasa apa tempoh filem Little Tough Guys dihasilkan? || 1938-43 <> Berapa lama lagi filem Baby Sandy dibuat? || 1938-41 <> Dalam apa tempoh Universal menghasilkan komedi Hugh Herbert? || 1938-42 <> Bilakah Universal menjadikan Tom Mix barat? || 1932-33 <> Dalam apa rentangnya Universal menghasilkan barat dengan Kirby Grant? || 1946-47 <> Bilakah lelaki Dead End telah lari? || <> Bilakah Little Touch Kids berjalan? || <> Kapan komedi dengan Sandy Herbert dijalankan? || <> Siapa yang terbentuk dalam muzikal 1932-33? || <> Bilakah barat dengan Johnny Rod Brown berjalan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "During what period were the Little Tough Guys films produced?", "id": "56e156e7cd28a01900c677ef", "answers": [{"text": "1938\u201343", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Over what span were the Baby Sandy films made?", "id": "56e156e7cd28a01900c677f0", "answers": [{"text": "1938\u201341", "answer_start": 379}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what period did Universal produce Hugh Herbert comedies?", "id": "56e156e7cd28a01900c677f1", "answers": [{"text": "1938\u201342", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Universal make Tom Mix westerns?", "id": "56e156e7cd28a01900c677f2", "answers": [{"text": "1932\u201333", "answer_start": 578}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what span did Universal produce westerns with Kirby Grant?", "id": "56e156e7cd28a01900c677f3", "answers": [{"text": "1946\u201347", "answer_start": 700}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1938\u201343", "answer_start": 326}], "question": "When did The Dead End Guys run?", "id": "5ad145ef645df0001a2d14d6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1938\u201343", "answer_start": 326}], "question": "When did Little Touch Kids run?", "id": "5ad145ef645df0001a2d14d7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1938\u201342", "answer_start": 417}], "question": "When did comedies with Sandy Herbert run?", "id": "5ad145ef645df0001a2d14d8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Robert Paige, Jane Frazee, The Andrews Sisters, and The Merry Macs", "answer_start": 473}], "question": "Who preformed in the 1932-33 musicals?", "id": "5ad145ef645df0001a2d14d9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1938\u201343", "answer_start": 650}], "question": "When did westerns with Johnny Rod Brown run?", "id": "5ad145ef645df0001a2d14da", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "By the early 1940s, the company was concentrating on lower-budget productions that were the company's main staple: westerns, melodramas, serials and sequels to the studio's horror pictures, the latter now solely B pictures. The studio fostered many series: The Dead End Kids and Little Tough Guys action features and serials (1938\u201343); the comic adventures of infant Baby Sandy (1938\u201341); comedies with Hugh Herbert (1938\u201342) and The Ritz Brothers (1940\u201343); musicals with Robert Paige, Jane Frazee, The Andrews Sisters, and The Merry Macs (1938\u201345); and westerns with Tom Mix (1932\u201333), Buck Jones (1933\u201336), Bob Baker (1938\u201339), Johnny Mack Brown (1938\u201343); Rod Cameron (1944\u201345), and Kirby Grant (1946\u201347)."}], ["Sebagai produk utama Universal sentiasa filem bajet yang rendah, ia merupakan salah satu studio utama yang terakhir yang mempunyai kontrak dengan Technicolor. Studio ini tidak menggunakan proses Technicolor tiga jalur hingga Arabian Nights (1942), yang dibintangi oleh Jon Hall dan Maria Montez. Tahun berikutnya, Technicolor juga digunakan dalam pembuatan semula Universal pada tahun 1925 melodrama seram, Phantom of the Opera dengan Claude Rains dan Nelson Eddy. Dengan kejayaan kedua-dua gambar pertama mereka, jadual teratur bermutu tinggi, filem Technicolor diikuti. <> Apakah filem Universal pertama yang menggunakan proses tiga jalur Technicolor? || Arabian Malam <> Apakah aktris yang membintangi Arabian Malam? || Maria Montez <> Bersama Nelson Eddy, yang membintangi Phantom of the Opera? || Claude Rains <> Kapan pertama versi Universal dari Phantom of the Opera dibuat? || 1925 <> Pada tahun apakah yang dihasilkan Arab Night? || 1942 <> Siapa yang Universal terlebih dahulu mempunyai kontrak dengan? || <> Apa 1925 filem yang pertama yang menggunakan proses tiga jalur Technicolor? || <> Apa yang diperbuat semula menggunakan technicolor pada tahun 1942? || <> Siapa yang membintangi versi Phantom of the Opera 1942? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the first Universal film to use the three-strip Technicolor process?", "id": "56e1604bcd28a01900c67831", "answers": [{"text": "Arabian Nights", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What actress starred in Arabian Nights?", "id": "56e1604bcd28a01900c67832", "answers": [{"text": "Maria Montez", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Nelson Eddy, who starred in the Phantom of the Opera?", "id": "56e1604bcd28a01900c67833", "answers": [{"text": "Claude Rains", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Universal's first version of the Phantom of the Opera made?", "id": "56e1604bcd28a01900c67834", "answers": [{"text": "1925", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Arabian Nights produced?", "id": "56e1604bcd28a01900c67835", "answers": [{"text": "1942", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Technicolor", "answer_start": 122}], "question": "Who was Universal first to have a contract with?", "id": "5ad14ab5645df0001a2d15bc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Arabian Nights", "answer_start": 208}], "question": "What 1925 film was the first that made use of the three-strip Technicolor process?", "id": "5ad14ab5645df0001a2d15bd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Phantom of the Opera", "answer_start": 367}], "question": "What remake used technicolor in 1942?", "id": "5ad14ab5645df0001a2d15be", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Claude Rains and Nelson Eddy", "answer_start": 393}], "question": "Who starred in the 1942 version of Phantom of the Opera?", "id": "5ad14ab5645df0001a2d15bf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "As Universal's main product had always been low-budget film, it was one of the last major studios to have a contract with Technicolor. The studio did not make use of the three-strip Technicolor process until Arabian Nights (1942), starring Jon Hall and Maria Montez. The following year, Technicolor was also used in Universal's remake of their 1925 horror melodrama, Phantom of the Opera with Claude Rains and Nelson Eddy. With the success of their first two pictures, a regular schedule of high-budget, Technicolor films followed."}], ["Goetz menetapkan jadual bercita-cita tinggi. Universal-International menjadi bertanggungjawab untuk pengedaran Amerika Syarikat Production Rank, termasuk klasik seperti Harapan Besar David Lean (1946) dan Hamlet Laurence Olivier (1948). Memperluaskan skopnya dengan lebih lanjut, Universal-International merangkul bidang bukan teater yang lumayan, membeli saham majoriti dalam filem peniaga filem-filem Castle Films pada tahun 1947, dan mengambil alih syarikat itu sepenuhnya pada tahun 1951. Selama tiga dekad, Castle akan menawarkan \"sorotan \"gulungan dari pawagam filem Universal ke peminat dan pengumpul rumah. Goetz melesenkan pustaka filem pra-Universal-Antarabangsa Universal kepada Realart Pictures Jack Broeder untuk melancarkan semula pawagam tetapi Realart tidak dibenarkan untuk menunjukkan filem-filem di televisyen. <> Dalam tahun apakah Olivier versi Hamlet dibuat? || 1948 <> Siapa yang mengarahkan Harapan Besar 1946? || David Lean <> Pada tahun 1947, apa syarikat yang Universal membeli kepentingan? || Filem Istana <> Siapa yang mengendalikan Gambar Realart? || Jack Broeder <> Pada tahun apakah Universal-International mengambil alih filem-filem Castle? || 1951 <> Tahun apa Harapan Besar Laurence Olivier dihasilkan? || <> Tahun berapakah Hamlet David Lean dihasilkan? || <> Syarikat apa yang Universal-International membeli kepentingan utama pada tahun 1946? || <> Siapa yang mengambil alih Filem Filem pada tahun 1947? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was the Olivier version of Hamlet made?", "id": "56e16233e3433e1400422e3a", "answers": [{"text": "1948", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who directed 1946's Great Expectations?", "id": "56e16233e3433e1400422e3b", "answers": [{"text": "David Lean", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1947, what company did Universal buy a stake in?", "id": "56e16233e3433e1400422e3c", "answers": [{"text": "Castle Films", "answer_start": 398}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ran Realart Pictures?", "id": "56e16233e3433e1400422e3d", "answers": [{"text": "Jack Broeder", "answer_start": 668}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Universal-International take over Castle Films?", "id": "56e16233e3433e1400422e3e", "answers": [{"text": "1951", "answer_start": 460}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1946", "answer_start": 201}], "question": "What year was Laurence Olivier's Great Expectations produced?", "id": "5ad14d7a645df0001a2d16a4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1948", "answer_start": 238}], "question": "What year was David Lean's Hamlet produced?", "id": "5ad14d7a645df0001a2d16a5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Castle Films", "answer_start": 398}], "question": "What company did Universal-International buy a major stake in during 1946?", "id": "5ad14d7a645df0001a2d16a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal-International", "answer_start": 275}], "question": "Who took over Castle Films in 1947?", "id": "5ad14d7a645df0001a2d16a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Goetz set out an ambitious schedule. Universal-International became responsible for the American distribution of Rank's British productions, including such classics as David Lean's Great Expectations (1946) and Laurence Olivier's Hamlet (1948). Broadening its scope further, Universal-International branched out into the lucrative non-theatrical field, buying a majority stake in home-movie dealer Castle Films in 1947, and taking the company over entirely in 1951. For three decades, Castle would offer \"highlights\" reels from the Universal film library to home-movie enthusiasts and collectors. Goetz licensed Universal's pre\u2013Universal-International film library to Jack Broeder's Realart Pictures for cinema re-release but Realart was not allowed to show the films on television."}], ["Pada tahun 1945, usahawan British J. Arthur Rank, dengan harapan untuk mengembangkan kehadirannya di Amerika, telah dibeli menjadi penggabungan empat hala dengan Universal, syarikat bebas International Pictures, dan pengeluar Kenneth Young. Gabungan baru, United World Pictures, adalah kegagalan dan dibubarkan dalam masa satu tahun. Kedudukan dan Antarabangsa tetap berminat di Universal, namun, ia memuncak dalam penyusunan semula studio sebagai Universal-International. William Goetz, pengasas Antarabangsa, telah menjadi ketua pengeluaran di nama Universal-International Pictures Inc., yang juga berkhidmat sebagai anak syarikat import-eksport, dan pemegang hak cipta untuk filem lengan pengeluaran. Goetz, menantu Louis B. Mayer memutuskan untuk membawa \"prestij\" kepada syarikat baru itu. Dia menghentikan pengeluaran B-filem, siri-siri bajet rendah studio dan menyekat kitaran seram Universal dan \"Arabian Nights\". Pengedaran dan kawalan hak cipta kekal di bawah nama Universal Pictures Company Inc. <> Pada tahun apakah yang ditubuhkan United World Pictures? || 1945 <> Apa pengeluar terlibat dalam penubuhan United World Pictures? || Kenneth Young <> Berapa lama gambar United World Pictures lepas? || satu tahun <> Siapa ketua pengeluaran di Universal-International Pictures? || William Goetz <> Siapa mertua William Goetz? || Louis B. Mayer <> Siapa yang telah membeli penggabungan empat arah dengan Universal pada tahun 1954? || <> Bilakah Arthur J. Rank membeli dalam penggabungan empat arah? || <> Apa yang bergabung dengan Kenneth Young? || <> Kedudukan apa yang diberikan kepada William Mayer? || <> Apakah Louis B. Goetz menamakan semula United World Pictures sebagai? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was United World Pictures founded?", "id": "56e161c3e3433e1400422e30", "answers": [{"text": "1945", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What producer was involved in the founding of United World Pictures?", "id": "56e161c3e3433e1400422e31", "answers": [{"text": "Kenneth Young", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did United World Pictures last?", "id": "56e161c3e3433e1400422e32", "answers": [{"text": "one year", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the head of production at Universal-International Pictures?", "id": "56e161c3e3433e1400422e33", "answers": [{"text": "William Goetz", "answer_start": 438}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was William Goetz's father-in-law?", "id": "56e161c3e3433e1400422e34", "answers": [{"text": "Louis B. Mayer", "answer_start": 689}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "J. Arthur Rank", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "Who bought into a four-way merger with Universal in 1954?", "id": "5ad14c29645df0001a2d1642", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1945", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did Arthur J. Rank buy into a four-way merger?", "id": "5ad14c29645df0001a2d1643", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United World Pictures,", "answer_start": 229}], "question": "What combine did Kenneth Young found?", "id": "5ad14c29645df0001a2d1644", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "head of production", "answer_start": 490}], "question": "What position was given to William Mayer?", "id": "5ad14c29645df0001a2d1645", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal Pictures Company Inc.", "answer_start": 943}], "question": "What did Louis B. Goetz rename United World Pictures as?", "id": "5ad14c29645df0001a2d1646", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1945, the British entrepreneur J. Arthur Rank, hoping to expand his American presence, bought into a four-way merger with Universal, the independent company International Pictures, and producer Kenneth Young. The new combine, United World Pictures, was a failure and was dissolved within one year. Rank and International remained interested in Universal, however, culminating in the studio's reorganization as Universal-International. William Goetz, a founder of International, was made head of production at the renamed Universal-International Pictures Inc., which also served as an import-export subsidiary, and copyright holder for the production arm's films. Goetz, a son-in-law of Louis B. Mayer decided to bring \"prestige\" to the new company. He stopped the studio's low-budget production of B movies, serials and curtailed Universal's horror and \"Arabian Nights\" cycles. Distribution and copyright control remained under the name of Universal Pictures Company Inc."}], ["Dalam tahun-tahun perang Universal telah membuat perkiraan pengeluaran bersama dengan pengeluar Walter Wanger dan rakannya, pengarah Fritz Lang, yang memberi pinjaman kepada beberapa studio produksi prestise. Pangkalan khalayak teras Universal masih terdapat di teater filem kejiranan, dan studio terus menyenangkan orang ramai dengan filem rendah dan sederhana. Basil Rathbone dan Nigel Bruce dalam misteri Sherlock Holmes baru (1942-46), muzium remaja dengan Gloria Jean, Donald O'Connor, dan Peggy Ryan (1942-43), dan penyesuaian skrin radio Inner Sanctum Mysteries dengan Lon Chaney, Jr. (1943-45). Alfred Hitchcock juga dipinjam untuk dua filem dari Selznick International Pictures: Saboteur (1942) dan Shadow of a Doubt (1943). <> Siapakah rakan kongsi pengarah Walter Wanger? || Fritz Lang <> Dalam apa tempoh bintang Basil Rathbone dalam siri filem Sherlock Holmes? || 1942-46 <> Dalam tempoh berapakah versi filem Inner Sanctum Misteri muncul? || 1943-45 <> Apa studio Alfred Hitchcock biasanya berfungsi? || Selznick International Pictures <> Pada tahun apakah Shadow of a Doubt dihasilkan? || 1943 <> Yang bekerjasama dengan Walter Lang dan Fritz Wanger semasa tahun-tahun peperangan? || <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh Basil Bruce dan Nigel Rathbone? || <> Jenis pengeluaran apa yang dilakukan oleh bintang Gloria Ryan dan Peggy Jean? || <> Siapa yang dipinjam untuk dua filem dari Selznick Pictures International? || <> Siapa yang membintangi Inner Mysteries Sanctum? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the directorial partner of Walter Wanger?", "id": "56e15d98e3433e1400422e0c", "answers": [{"text": "Fritz Lang", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what period did Basil Rathbone star in a series of Sherlock Holmes films?", "id": "56e15d98e3433e1400422e0d", "answers": [{"text": "1942\u201346", "answer_start": 418}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what period did film versions of Inner Sanctum Mysteries appear?", "id": "56e15d98e3433e1400422e0e", "answers": [{"text": "1943\u201345", "answer_start": 586}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the studio that Alfred Hitchcock normally worked for?", "id": "56e15d98e3433e1400422e0f", "answers": [{"text": "Selznick International Pictures", "answer_start": 650}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Shadow of a Doubt produced?", "id": "56e15d98e3433e1400422e10", "answers": [{"text": "1943", "answer_start": 586}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "Who partnered with Walter Lang and Fritz Wanger during the war years?", "id": "5ad14958645df0001a2d1576", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sherlock Holmes", "answer_start": 391}], "question": "What did Basil Bruce and Nigel Rathbone star in?", "id": "5ad14958645df0001a2d1577", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "teenage musicals", "answer_start": 428}], "question": "What type of productions did Gloria Ryan and Peggy Jean star in?", "id": "5ad14958645df0001a2d1578", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Alfred Hitchcock", "answer_start": 596}], "question": "Who was borrowed for two films from Selznick Pictures International?", "id": "5ad14958645df0001a2d1579", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lon Chaney, Jr.", "answer_start": 569}], "question": "Who starred in Inner Mysteries Sanctum?", "id": "5ad14958645df0001a2d157a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During the war years Universal did have a co-production arrangement with producer Walter Wanger and his partner, director Fritz Lang, lending the studio some amount of prestige productions. Universal's core audience base was still found in the neighborhood movie theaters, and the studio continued to please the public with low- to medium-budget films. Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce in new Sherlock Holmes mysteries (1942\u201346), teenage musicals with Gloria Jean, Donald O'Connor, and Peggy Ryan (1942\u201343), and screen adaptations of radio's Inner Sanctum Mysteries with Lon Chaney, Jr. (1943\u201345). Alfred Hitchcock was also borrowed for two films from Selznick International Pictures: Saboteur (1942) and Shadow of a Doubt (1943)."}], ["Lengan produksi studio masih bergelut. Walaupun terdapat beberapa hits seperti The Killers (1946) dan The Naked City (1948), filem teater baru Universal-International sering bertemu dengan sambutan yang mengecewakan di box office. Menjelang akhir tahun 1940-an, Goetz telah keluar, dan studio itu kembali ke filem-filem bajet yang rendah. Francis yang murah (1950), filem pertama siri mengenai keldai bercakap dan Ma dan Pa Kettle (1949), sebahagian daripada siri, menjadi syarikat utama. Sekali lagi, filem-filem Abbott dan Costello, termasuk Abbott dan Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948), merupakan antara produksi paling hebat di studio. Tetapi pada masa ini Rank kehilangan minat dan menjual sahamnya kepada pelabur Milton Rackmil, yang Decca Records akan mengambil alih kawalan Universal pada tahun 1952. Selain Abbott dan Costello, studio itu mengekalkan studio kartun Walter Lantz, yang produknya dibebaskan dengan Universal- Filem antarabangsa. <> Pada tahun apakah The Killers dihasilkan? || 1946 <> Apa filem Universal-International mengenai keldai bercakap? || Francis <> Dalam apa tahun yang dibuat Ma dan Pa Kettle? || 1949 <> Apa filem Abbott dan Costello dikeluarkan pada tahun 1948? || Abbott dan Costello Bertemu Frankenstein <> Siapa yang membeli bahagian Rank of Universal-International? || Milton Rackmil <> Siapa yang meninggalkan Universal pada tahun 1940? || <> Tahun apakah Ma dan Pa Francis dibuat? || <> Apa tahun yang dibuat Kettle? || <> Apa 1952 filem Abbott dan Costello adalah pengeluaran terbaik? || <> Syarikat apa yang mengambil alih sepenuhnya Universal pada tahun 1948? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was The Killers produced?", "id": "56e162d3cd28a01900c6784f", "answers": [{"text": "1946", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Universal-International film was about a talking mule?", "id": "56e162d3cd28a01900c67850", "answers": [{"text": "Francis", "answer_start": 334}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Ma and Pa Kettle made?", "id": "56e162d3cd28a01900c67851", "answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Abbott and Costello film was released in 1948?", "id": "56e162d3cd28a01900c67852", "answers": [{"text": "Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein", "answer_start": 534}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who bought Rank's share of Universal-International?", "id": "56e162d3cd28a01900c67853", "answers": [{"text": "Milton Rackmil", "answer_start": 703}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Goetz", "answer_start": 258}], "question": "Who left Universal in 1940?", "id": "5ad14f4a645df0001a2d16fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 420}], "question": "What year was Ma and Pa Francis made?", "id": "5ad14f4a645df0001a2d16fd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1950", "answer_start": 343}], "question": "What year was Kettle made?", "id": "5ad14f4a645df0001a2d16fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein", "answer_start": 534}], "question": "What 1952 Abbott and Costello film was a top grossing production?", "id": "5ad14f4a645df0001a2d16ff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Decca Records", "answer_start": 725}], "question": "What company took full control of Universal in 1948?", "id": "5ad14f4a645df0001a2d1700", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The production arm of the studio still struggled. While there were to be a few hits like The Killers (1946) and The Naked City (1948), Universal-International's new theatrical films often met with disappointing response at the box office. By the late 1940s, Goetz was out, and the studio returned to low-budget films. The inexpensive Francis (1950), the first film of a series about a talking mule and Ma and Pa Kettle (1949), part of a series, became mainstays of the company. Once again, the films of Abbott and Costello, including Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948), were among the studio's top-grossing productions. But at this point Rank lost interest and sold his shares to the investor Milton Rackmil, whose Decca Records would take full control of Universal in 1952. Besides Abbott and Costello, the studio retained the Walter Lantz cartoon studio, whose product was released with Universal-International's films."}], ["Pada bulan Jun 2014, Universal Partnerships mengambil alih produk pengguna pelesenan untuk NBC dan Sprout dengan jangkaan bahawa semua pelesenan akhirnya akan berpusat di dalam NBCUniversal. Pada bulan Mei 2015, Gramercy Pictures dihidupkan semula oleh Ciri-ciri Fokus sebagai label genre, yang tertumpu kepada filem aksi, sci-fi, dan seram. <> Apa studio filem dibawa balik pada bulan Mei 2015? || Gramercy Pictures <> Apa pembahagian NBCUniversal dihidupkan semula Gramercy Pictures? || Ciri Fokus <> Apakah genre filem yang Gramercy akan bertanggungjawab untuk membuat? || tindakan, sci-fi, dan kengerian <> Tahun apa NBCUniversal mengambil alih Sprout? || <> Siapa yang memulihkan Ciri Fokus pada tahun 2015? || <> Apa yang berlaku pada bulan Jun 2015? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What film studio was brought back in May 2015?", "id": "56e16b3de3433e1400422ee9", "answers": [{"text": "Gramercy Pictures", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What division of NBCUniversal revived Gramercy Pictures?", "id": "56e16b3de3433e1400422eea", "answers": [{"text": "Focus Features", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre of films will Gramercy be responsible for creating?", "id": "56e16b3de3433e1400422eeb", "answers": [{"text": "action, sci-fi, and horror", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 8}], "question": "What year did NBCUniversal take over Sprout?", "id": "5ad164ac645df0001a2d198c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Gramercy Pictures", "answer_start": 196}], "question": "Who revived Focus Features in 2015?", "id": "5ad164ac645df0001a2d198d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Gramercy Pictures was revived by Focus Features", "answer_start": 196}], "question": "What happened in June 2015?", "id": "5ad164ac645df0001a2d198e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In June 2014, Universal Partnerships took over licensing consumer products for NBC and Sprout with expectation that all licensing would eventually be centralized within NBCUniversal. In May 2015, Gramercy Pictures was revived by Focus Features as a genre label, that concentrated on action, sci-fi, and horror films."}], ["Perjanjian pembiayaan filem pelbagai tahun Universal dengan Elliott Management tamat pada 2013. Pada bulan Julai 2013, Universal membuat perjanjian dengan Legendary Pictures untuk memasarkan, membiayai, dan mengedarkan filem Legendary selama lima tahun bermula pada 2014, tahun yang sama dengan Legendary Warner Bros. tamat tempoh. <> Perjanjian Universal dengan syarikat apa yang berakhir pada tahun 2013? || Pengurusan Elliott <> Dengan siapa Universal menandatangani perjanjian pemasaran dan pengedaran pada bulan Julai 2013? || Legenda Gambar <> Berapa tahun adalah berurusan dengan Legendary Pictures yang dimaksudkan untuk dijalankan? || lima tahun <> Pada tahun berapakah perjanjian Universal dengan Legendary Pictures bermula? || 2014 <> Bilakah perjanjian pembiayaan Elliott Management tamat tempoh? || <> Apa syarikat membuat perjanjian dengan Legendary Pictures pada bulan Julai 2014? || <> Apa dua syarikat mempunyai perjanjian yang tamat pada tahun 2013? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Universal's deal with what company ended in 2013?", "id": "56e16abbe3433e1400422ee0", "answers": [{"text": "Elliott Management", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With whom did Universal sign a marketing and distribution deal in July 2013?", "id": "56e16abbe3433e1400422ee1", "answers": [{"text": "Legendary Pictures", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many years is the deal with Legendary Pictures intended to run?", "id": "56e16abbe3433e1400422ee2", "answers": [{"text": "five years", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Universal's deal with Legendary Pictures begin?", "id": "56e16abbe3433e1400422ee3", "answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "When did Elliott Management's financing deal expire?", "id": "5ad16393645df0001a2d195c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal", "answer_start": 98}], "question": "What company made an agreement with Legendary Pictures in July 2014?", "id": "5ad16393645df0001a2d195d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Legendary's similar agreement with Warner Bros. expires", "answer_start": 253}], "question": "What two companies had a deal that expired in 2013?", "id": "5ad16393645df0001a2d195e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Universal's multi-year film financing deal with Elliott Management expired in 2013. In July 2013, Universal made an agreement with Legendary Pictures to market, co-finance, and distribute Legendary's films for five years starting in 2014, the year that Legendary's similar agreement with Warner Bros. expires."}], ["Ingin memperluaskan kehadiran siaran dan kabel syarikat, kepala MCA lama Lew Wasserman mencari rakan kongsi yang kaya. Beliau menjumpai pengeluar elektronik Jepun Matsushita Electric (sekarang dikenali sebagai Panasonic), yang bersetuju untuk memperoleh MCA untuk $ 6.6 bilion pada tahun 1990. Sementara itu, pada masa ini, anak syarikat pengeluaran telah dinamakan semula sebagai Universal Studios Inc., dan (pada tahun 1990) MCA mencipta MCA / Universal Home Video Inc. untuk industri jualan kaset VHS (kemudian DVD). <> Siapa ketua MCA pada tahun 1990? || Lew Wasserman <> Apakah nama syarikat sekarang yang dipanggil Matsushita Electric pada tahun 1990? || Panasonic <> Berapakah bayaran Matsushita Electric untuk MCA? || $ 6.6 bilion <> Dalam tahun apakah MCA / Universal Home Video Inc. dicipta? || 1990 <> Apa kewarganegaraan Matsushita Electric? || Jepun <> Syarikat apa yang membeli MAC sebanyak $ 6.6 bilion pada tahun 1990? || <> Apakah Panasonic dinamakan semula pada tahun 1990? || <> Apa itu Matsushita Electric dinamakan semula pada tahun 1990? || <> Apa syarikat membuat kaset VHS? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the head of MCA in 1990?", "id": "56e16883cd28a01900c67891", "answers": [{"text": "Lew Wasserman", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the current name of the company that was called Matsushita Electric in 1990?", "id": "56e16883cd28a01900c67892", "answers": [{"text": "Panasonic", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did Matsushita Electric pay for MCA?", "id": "56e16883cd28a01900c67893", "answers": [{"text": "$6.6 billion", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was MCA/Universal Home Video Inc. created?", "id": "56e16883cd28a01900c67894", "answers": [{"text": "1990", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the nationality of Matsushita Electric?", "id": "56e16883cd28a01900c67895", "answers": [{"text": "Japanese", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Panasonic", "answer_start": 196}], "question": "What company acquired MAC for $6.6 billion in 1990?", "id": "5ad15b81645df0001a2d189c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal Studios Inc", "answer_start": 329}], "question": "What was Panasonic renamed in 1990?", "id": "5ad15b81645df0001a2d189d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Panasonic", "answer_start": 196}], "question": "What was Matsushita Electric renamed in 1990?", "id": "5ad15b81645df0001a2d189e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "MCA", "answer_start": 367}], "question": "What company created the VHS cassette?", "id": "5ad15b81645df0001a2d189f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Anxious to expand the company's broadcast and cable presence, longtime MCA head Lew Wasserman sought a rich partner. He located Japanese electronics manufacturer Matsushita Electric (now known as Panasonic), which agreed to acquire MCA for $6.6 billion in 1990. Meanwhile, around this time, the production subsidiary was renamed Universal Studios Inc., and (in 1990) MCA created MCA/Universal Home Video Inc. for the VHS video cassette (later DVD) sales industry."}], ["Matsushita menyediakan penyusuan wang tunai, tetapi pertembungan budaya terlalu hebat untuk diatasi, dan lima tahun kemudian Matsushita menjual 80% saham MCA / Universal kepada pengedar minuman Seagram Kanada untuk $ 5.7 bilion. Seagram menjual pegangannya dalam DuPont untuk membiayai perkembangan ini dalam industri hiburan. Berharap untuk membina empayar hiburan di sekitar Universal, Seagram membeli PolyGram pada tahun 1999 dan hartanah hiburan lain, tetapi ciri-ciri keuntungan yang berubah-ubah Hollywood tidak menggantikan aliran pendapatan yang boleh dipercayai yang diperoleh daripada saham yang dipegang sebelumnya di DuPont. <> Berapa peratuskah MCA / Universal melakukan Matsushita Electric menjual lima tahun selepas memperoleh syarikat itu? || 80% <> Kepada siapa Matsushita menjual bahagian besar MCA / Universal? || Seagram <> Berapakah bayaran Seagram untuk membeli bahagian besar MCA / Universal? || $ 5.7 bilion <> Apa yang dijual Seagram untuk membiayai pembelian saham mereka di MCA / Universal? || kepentingannya dalam DuPont <> Apa syarikat yang membeli Seagram pada tahun 1999? || PolyGram <> Apa bahagian kepentingan MCA / Univeral ada dalam Matsushita? || <> Bagaimana MCA / Universal menjual kepentingan mereka? || <> Berapa banyakkah MCA / Universal menjual kepentingan mereka? || <> Apa tahun PolyGram membeli Seagram? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of MCA/Universal did Matsushita Electric sell five years after acquiring the company?", "id": "56e168ebe3433e1400422ec4", "answers": [{"text": "80%", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To whom did Matsushita sell a large share of MCA/Universal?", "id": "56e168ebe3433e1400422ec5", "answers": [{"text": "Seagram", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did Seagram pay to buy a large share of MCA/Universal?", "id": "56e168ebe3433e1400422ec6", "answers": [{"text": "$5.7 billion", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Seagram sell to finance their purchase of a share in MCA/Universal?", "id": "56e168ebe3433e1400422ec7", "answers": [{"text": "its stake in DuPont", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company did Seagram buy in 1999?", "id": "56e168ebe3433e1400422ec8", "answers": [{"text": "PolyGram", "answer_start": 380}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "80%", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "What percent stake did MCA/Univeral have in Matsushita?", "id": "5ad15e76645df0001a2d18e2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Seagram", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "How did MCA/Universal sell their stake to?", "id": "5ad15e76645df0001a2d18e3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "$5.7 billion", "answer_start": 200}], "question": "How much did MCA/Universal sell their stake for?", "id": "5ad15e76645df0001a2d18e4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1999", "answer_start": 392}], "question": "What year did PolyGram buy Seagram?", "id": "5ad15e76645df0001a2d18e5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Matsushita provided a cash infusion, but the clash of cultures was too great to overcome, and five years later Matsushita sold an 80% stake in MCA/Universal to Canadian drinks distributor Seagram for $5.7 billion. Seagram sold off its stake in DuPont to fund this expansion into the entertainment industry. Hoping to build an entertainment empire around Universal, Seagram bought PolyGram in 1999 and other entertainment properties, but the fluctuating profits characteristic of Hollywood were no substitute for the reliable income stream gained from the previously held shares in DuPont."}], ["Dibebani dengan hutang, pada tahun 2004 Vivendi Universal menjual 80% dari Vivendi Universal Entertainment (termasuk studio dan taman tema) kepada General Electric, ibu bapa NBC. The super-conglomerate media yang dihasilkan telah ditukar nama kepada NBCUniversal, sementara Universal Studios Inc. kekal sebagai nama anak syarikat pengeluaran. Selepas perjanjian itu, GE memiliki 80% daripada NBC Universal; Vivendi memegang baki 20%, dengan pilihan untuk menjual bahagiannya pada tahun 2006. GE membeli bahagian Vivendi di NBCU pada tahun 2011 dan seterusnya menjual 51% syarikat kepada Comcast penyedia kabel. Comcast menggabungkan bekas anak syarikat GE dengan aset pengaturcaraan televisyen kabel sendiri, mewujudkan NBCUniversal semasa. Berikutan kelulusan Suruhanjaya Komunikasi Persekutuan (FCC), perjanjian Comcast-GE ditutup pada 29 Jan 2011. Pada bulan Mac 2013, Comcast membeli baki 49% daripada NBCUniversal untuk $ 16.7 bilion. <> Siapa yang membeli 80% daripada Vivendi Universal Entertainment pada tahun 2004? || General Electric <> Berapa peratus daripada NBC Universal dimiliki oleh Vivendi sehingga 2011? || 20% <> Siapa yang membeli 51% daripada NBC Universal pada tahun 2011? || Comcast <> Dalam bulan dan tahun apakah Comcast membeli 49% daripada NBCUniversal? || Mac 2013 <> Berapakah bayaran Comcast untuk 49% daripada NBCUniversal pada tahun 2013? || $ 16.7 bilion <> Berapa peratuskah yang dijual oleh General Electric kepada Vivendi Universal? || <> Apakah NCBU berdiri? || <> Siapa yang membeli saham NFCU Vivendi pada tahun 2006? || <> Apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh CFC? || <> Siapa yang membeli 49% daripada NBCUniversal untuk $ 17.6 bilion? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who bought 80% of Vivendi Universal Entertainment in 2004?", "id": "56e169e1cd28a01900c678ad", "answers": [{"text": "General Electric", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of NBC Universal was owned by Vivendi until 2011?", "id": "56e169e1cd28a01900c678ae", "answers": [{"text": "20%", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who bought 51% of NBC Universal in 2011?", "id": "56e169e1cd28a01900c678af", "answers": [{"text": "Comcast", "answer_start": 528}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month and year did Comcast buy 49% of NBCUniversal?", "id": "56e169e1cd28a01900c678b0", "answers": [{"text": "March 2013", "answer_start": 773}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did Comcast pay for 49% of NBCUniversal in 2013?", "id": "56e169e1cd28a01900c678b1", "answers": [{"text": "$16.7 billion", "answer_start": 838}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "80%", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "What percentage did General Electric sell to Vivendi Universal?", "id": "5ad160e4645df0001a2d190e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "NBC Universal", "answer_start": 340}], "question": "What does NCBU stand for?", "id": "5ad160e4645df0001a2d190f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "GE", "answer_start": 429}], "question": "Who purchased Vivendi's share of NBCU in 2006?", "id": "5ad160e4645df0001a2d1910", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Federal Communications Commission", "answer_start": 672}], "question": "What does CFC stand for?", "id": "5ad160e4645df0001a2d1911", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Comcast", "answer_start": 785}], "question": "Who bought 49% of NBCUniversal for $17.6 billion?", "id": "5ad160e4645df0001a2d1912", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Burdened with debt, in 2004 Vivendi Universal sold 80% of Vivendi Universal Entertainment (including the studio and theme parks) to General Electric, parent of NBC. The resulting media super-conglomerate was renamed NBCUniversal, while Universal Studios Inc. remained the name of the production subsidiary. After that deal, GE owned 80% of NBC Universal; Vivendi held the remaining 20%, with an option to sell its share in 2006. GE purchased Vivendi's share in NBCU in 2011 and in turn sold 51% of the company to cable provider Comcast. Comcast merged the former GE subsidiary with its own cable-television programming assets, creating the current NBCUniversal. Following Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approval, the Comcast-GE deal was closed on Jan 29, 2011. In March 2013, Comcast bought the remaining 49% of NBCUniversal for $16.7 billion."}], ["Pengambil alihan Universal Pictures oleh MCA, Inc. berlaku pada pertengahan tahun 1962 sebagai sebahagian daripada penggabungan MCA-Decca Records. Syarikat itu kembali ke nama Universal Pictures. Sebagai isyarat akhir sebelum meninggalkan perniagaan agensi bakat, hampir setiap pelanggan MCA telah menandatangani kontrak Universal. Pada tahun 1964 MCA telah menubuhkan Universal City Studios, Inc., menggabungkan gambar-gambar gerakan dan lengan televisyen Universal Pictures Company dan Revue Productions (secara rasmi dinamakan semula sebagai Universal Television pada tahun 1966). Oleh itu, dengan MCA yang bertanggungjawab, Universal menjadi studio filem A-film, dengan pelakon dan pengarah terkemuka di bawah kontrak; menawarkan filem licin, komersial; dan sebuah anak syarikat pelancongan studio yang dilancarkan pada tahun 1964. Pengeluaran televisyen menghasilkan banyak hasil studio, dengan Universal sangat komited, khususnya, untuk menangani NBC (yang kemudian digabungkan dengan Universal untuk membentuk NBC Universal; lihat di bawah) menyediakan sehingga separuh daripada semua pertunjukan masa utama untuk beberapa musim. Satu inovasi dalam tempoh ini yang dimenangi oleh Universal adalah filem yang dibuat untuk televisyen. <> Dalam tahun apakah MCA mengambil alih Universal? || 1962 <> Apa syarikat membuat MCA pada tahun 1964? || Universal City Studios, Inc. <> Apakah nama baru diberikan kepada Revue Productions pada tahun 1966? || Universal Television <> Apakah syarikat yang dibentuk oleh penggabungan Universal dan NBC? || NBC Universal <> Bilakah Universal merasmikan anak syarikat studio lawatannya? || 1964 <> Apa yang dilakukan MAC, Inc. pada tahun 1962? || <> Apa nama syarikat itu kembali selepas pengambilalihan MAC? || <> Apa bentuk MCA pada tahun 1966? || <> Apakah Syarikat Universal Pictures dan Revue Productions dinamakan semula pada tahun 1966? || <> Rangkaian televisyen apa yang MCA kemudiannya bergabung? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did MCA take over Universal?", "id": "56e1664de3433e1400422e92", "answers": [{"text": "1962", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company did MCA create in 1964?", "id": "56e1664de3433e1400422e93", "answers": [{"text": "Universal City Studios, Inc.", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What new name was given to Revue Productions in 1966?", "id": "56e1664de3433e1400422e94", "answers": [{"text": "Universal Television", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the company formed by the merger of Universal and NBC?", "id": "56e1664de3433e1400422e95", "answers": [{"text": "NBC Universal", "answer_start": 883}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Universal inaugurate its studio tour subsidiary?", "id": "56e1664de3433e1400422e96", "answers": [{"text": "1964", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "takeover of Universal Pictures", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "What did MAC, Inc. do in 1962?", "id": "5ad15431645df0001a2d17a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal Pictures", "answer_start": 155}], "question": "What name did the company revert to after the MAC takeover?", "id": "5ad15431645df0001a2d17a9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal City Studios, Inc.", "answer_start": 319}], "question": "What did MCA form in 1966?", "id": "5ad15431645df0001a2d17aa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal Television", "answer_start": 472}], "question": "What was Universal Pictures Company and Revue Productions renamed in 1966?", "id": "5ad15431645df0001a2d17ab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "NBC", "answer_start": 836}], "question": "What television network did MCA later merge with?", "id": "5ad15431645df0001a2d17ac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The long-awaited takeover of Universal Pictures by MCA, Inc. happened in mid-1962 as part of the MCA-Decca Records merger. The company reverted in name to Universal Pictures. As a final gesture before leaving the talent agency business, virtually every MCA client was signed to a Universal contract. In 1964 MCA formed Universal City Studios, Inc., merging the motion pictures and television arms of Universal Pictures Company and Revue Productions (officially renamed as Universal Television in 1966). And so, with MCA in charge, Universal became a full-blown, A-film movie studio, with leading actors and directors under contract; offering slick, commercial films; and a studio tour subsidiary launched in 1964. Television production made up much of the studio's output, with Universal heavily committed, in particular, to deals with NBC (which later merged with Universal to form NBC Universal; see below) providing up to half of all prime time shows for several seasons. An innovation during this period championed by Universal was the made-for-television movie."}], ["Untuk mendapatkan wang, kepala Seagram Edgar Bronfman Jr. menjual pegangan televisyen Universal, termasuk rangkaian kabel Amerika Syarikat, kepada Barry Diller (sifat-sifat yang sama akan dibeli kemudian pada harga yang sangat melambung). Pada bulan Jun 2000, Seagram dijual kepada utiliti air Perancis dan syarikat media Vivendi, yang memiliki StudioCanal; konglomerat kemudiannya dikenali sebagai Vivendi Universal. Selepas itu, Universal Pictures memperoleh hak pengedaran Amerika Syarikat beberapa filem StudioCanal, seperti Mulholland Drive (yang menerima pencalonan Oscar) dan Ikhwan dari Wolf (yang menjadi filem berbahasa Perancis kedua tertinggi di Amerika Syarikat sejak 1980). Universal Pictures dan StudioCanal juga menghasilkan beberapa filem, seperti Cinta Sebenarnya (sebuah filem yang dianggarkan $ 40 juta yang akhirnya mencecah $ 246 juta di seluruh dunia). Pada akhir tahun 2000, Akademi Filem New York dibenarkan menggunakan backlot Universal Studios untuk projek filem pelajar dalam perkongsian tidak rasmi. <> Siapa ketua Seagram? || Edgar Bronfman Jr.> Siapa yang membeli rangkaian kabel Amerika Syarikat dari Seagram? || Barry Diller <> Siapa yang membeli Seagram pada Jun 2000? || Vivendi <> Apakah anggaran filem Cinta Sebenarnya? || $ 40 juta <> Apa filem StudioCanal yang menerima pencalonan Anugerah Akademi? || Mulholland Drive <> Apa syarikat Edgar Bronfman Jr menjual pegangan Seagram? || <> Siapa Seagram dijual pada bulan Jun 1980? || <> Apa 2000 filem yang berjumlah $ 246 juta? || <> Filem apa yang menyumbang sebanyak $ 264 juta? || <> Apakah Universal Studios yang dibenarkan untuk digunakan pada tahun 2000? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the head of Seagram?", "id": "56e16960cd28a01900c678a3", "answers": [{"text": "Edgar Bronfman Jr.", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who bought the USA cable network from Seagram?", "id": "56e16960cd28a01900c678a4", "answers": [{"text": "Barry Diller", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who bought Seagram in June 2000?", "id": "56e16960cd28a01900c678a5", "answers": [{"text": "Vivendi", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the budget of the film Love Actually?", "id": "56e16960cd28a01900c678a6", "answers": [{"text": "$40 million", "answer_start": 766}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What StudioCanal film received an Academy Award nomination?", "id": "56e16960cd28a01900c678a7", "answers": [{"text": "Mulholland Drive", "answer_start": 494}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal", "answer_start": 53}], "question": "What company did Edgar Bronfman Jr. sell Seagram's holdings to?", "id": "5ad15fb9645df0001a2d18f2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Vivendi", "answer_start": 283}], "question": "Who was Seagram sold to in June 1980?", "id": "5ad15fb9645df0001a2d18f3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Love Actually", "answer_start": 748}], "question": "What 2000 film grossed $246 million?", "id": "5ad15fb9645df0001a2d18f4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Love Actually", "answer_start": 748}], "question": "What film grossed $264 million?", "id": "5ad15fb9645df0001a2d18f5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "backlot", "answer_start": 924}], "question": "What was Universal Studios permitted to use in 2000?", "id": "5ad15fb9645df0001a2d18f6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "To raise money, Seagram head Edgar Bronfman Jr. sold Universal's television holdings, including cable network USA, to Barry Diller (these same properties would be bought back later at greatly inflated prices). In June 2000, Seagram was sold to French water utility and media company Vivendi, which owned StudioCanal; the conglomerate then became known as Vivendi Universal. Afterward, Universal Pictures acquired the United States distribution rights of several of StudioCanal's films, such as Mulholland Drive (which received an Oscar nomination) and Brotherhood of the Wolf (which became the second-highest-grossing French-language film in the United States since 1980). Universal Pictures and StudioCanal also co-produced several films, such as Love Actually (an $40 million-budgeted film that eventually grossed $246 million worldwide). In late 2000, the New York Film Academy was permitted to use the Universal Studios backlot for student film projects in an unofficial partnership."}], ["Pada masa ini, Hal B. Wallis, yang kemudiannya bekerja sebagai penerbit utama di Paramount, berpindah ke Universal, di mana beliau menghasilkan beberapa filem, di antaranya versi Maxwell Anderson dari Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), dan sama-sama mewah Mary, Queen of Scots (1971). Walaupun tidak dapat menuntut dakwaan kewangan yang besar, kedua-dua filem itu menerima nominasi Anugerah Akademi, dan Anne dinamakan sebagai Best Picture, Pelakon Terbaik (Richard Burton), Pelakon Terbaik (Genevi\u00e8ve Bujold) dan Pelakon Pembantu Terbaik (Anthony Quayle). Wallis bersara dari Universal setelah membuat filem Rooster Cogburn (1975), sekuel True Grit (1969), yang telah dihasilkan oleh Wallis di Paramount. Rooster Cogburn turut membintangi John Wayne, yang merangkul peranan memenangi Oscar dari filem sebelumnya, dan Katharine Hepburn, satu-satunya filem mereka bersama. Filem ini hanya kejayaan yang sederhana. <> Siapa yang menghasilkan Anne of The Thousand Days? || Hal B. Wallis <> Siapa yang menulis karya asal bahawa versi filem Anne of the Thousand Days didasarkan pada? || Maxwell Anderson <> Pada tahun apakah versi filem Mary, Ratu Scots dibuat? || 1971 <> Persembahan siapa di Anne of the Thousand Days meraih seorang pelakon terbaik? || Richard Burton <> Apakah nama sekuel kepada True Grit yang dihasilkan oleh Universal? || Rooster Cogburn <> Apa syarikat yang pernah bekerja B. Hal Wallis sebelum Universal? || <> Apa syarikat yang bekerja B. Hal Wallis bekerja selepas Paramount? || <> Tahun berapa bulan yang berlalu? || <> Berapa tahun Anne, Ratu Scots keluar? || <> Apa 1969 filem sekuel untuk Grit Benar? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who produced Anne of the Thousand Days?", "id": "56e166ffcd28a01900c67877", "answers": [{"text": "Hal B. Wallis", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the original work that the film version of Anne of the Thousand Days was based on?", "id": "56e166ffcd28a01900c67878", "answers": [{"text": "Maxwell Anderson", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the film version of Mary, Queen of Scots made?", "id": "56e166ffcd28a01900c67879", "answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose performance in Anne of the Thousand Days garnered a Best Actor nod?", "id": "56e166ffcd28a01900c6787a", "answers": [{"text": "Richard Burton", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the sequel to True Grit produced by Universal?", "id": "56e166ffcd28a01900c6787b", "answers": [{"text": "Rooster Cogburn", "answer_start": 581}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Paramount", "answer_start": 76}], "question": "What company did B. Hal Wallis work at before Universal?", "id": "5ad155de645df0001a2d17e2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal", "answer_start": 101}], "question": "What company did B. Hal Wallis work at after Paramount?", "id": "5ad155de645df0001a2d17e3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1969", "answer_start": 222}], "question": "What year did May of the Thousand Days come out?", "id": "5ad155de645df0001a2d17e4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 274}], "question": "What year did Anne, Queen of Scots come out?", "id": "5ad155de645df0001a2d17e5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Rooster Cogburn", "answer_start": 581}], "question": "What 1969 film was a sequel to True Grit?", "id": "5ad155de645df0001a2d17e6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "At this time, Hal B. Wallis, who had latterly worked as a major producer at Paramount, moved over to Universal, where he produced several films, among them a lavish version of Maxwell Anderson's Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), and the equally lavish Mary, Queen of Scots (1971). Though neither could claim to be a big financial hit, both films received Academy Award nominations, and Anne was nominated for Best Picture, Best Actor (Richard Burton), Best Actress (Genevi\u00e8ve Bujold), and Best Supporting Actor (Anthony Quayle). Wallis retired from Universal after making the film Rooster Cogburn (1975), a sequel to True Grit (1969), which Wallis had produced at Paramount. Rooster Cogburn co-starred John Wayne, reprising his Oscar-winning role from the earlier film, and Katharine Hepburn, their only film together. The film was only a moderate success."}], ["Pada akhir 2005, Paracount Pictures Viacom memperoleh DreamWorks SKG selepas rundingan pengambilalihan antara GE dan DreamWorks terhenti. Pengerusi lama lama, Stacey Snider, meninggalkan syarikat itu pada awal 2006 untuk mengetuai DreamWorks. Snider digantikan oleh Naib Pengerusi kemudian Marc Shmuger dan Ciri-ciri Fokus kepala David Linde. Pada 5 Oktober 2009, Marc Shmuger dan David Linde telah digulingkan dan kerja pengerusi bersama mereka yang disatukan di bawah bekas presiden pemasaran dan pengedaran di seluruh dunia, Adam Fogelson menjadi pengerusi tunggal. Donna Langley juga meningkat kepada pengerusi bersama. Pada tahun 2009, Stephanie Sperber menubuhkan Universal Partnerships & Licensing dalam Universal untuk membekalkan produk pengguna untuk Universal. Pada September 2013, Adam Fogelson digulingkan sebagai pengerusi bersama Universal Pictures, mempromosikan Donna Langley kepada pengerusi tunggal. Di samping itu, Pengerusi Antarabangsa NBCUniversal, Jeff Shell, akan dilantik sebagai Pengerusi Kumpulan Hiburan Filem yang baru diwujudkan. Ketua studio lama Ron Meyer akan melepaskan pengawasan studio film itu dan melantik Naib Pengerusi NBCUniversal, memberikan konsultasi kepada CEO Steve Burke atas semua operasi perusahaan itu. Meyers masih mengekalkan pengawasan Universal Parks and Resorts. <> Dalam tahun berapakah Paramount Pictures membeli DreamWorks? || 2005 <> Pengerusi Universal apa yang mengetuai DreamWorks pada 2006? || Stacey Snider <> Siapa yang menjadi pengerusi pada akhir tahun 2009? || Adam Fogelson <> Siapa pengasas Partnerships & Licensing Universal? || Stephanie Sperber <> Siapa yang menjadi pengerusi Universal Pictures pada bulan September 2013? || Donna Langley <> Apa syarikat yang memperoleh Viacom pada tahun 2005? || <> Apa syarikat yang meninggalkan Stacey Shmuger pada tahun 2006? || <> Apakah kedudukan Donna Sperber memegang? || <> Siapa yang digulingkan sebagai pengerusi bersama Universal Pictures pada Oktober 2013? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Paramount Pictures purchase DreamWorks?", "id": "56e16a5ecd28a01900c678bd", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Universal chairperson headed DreamWorks as of 2006?", "id": "56e16a5ecd28a01900c678be", "answers": [{"text": "Stacey Snider", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who became the chairperson in late 2009?", "id": "56e16a5ecd28a01900c678bf", "answers": [{"text": "Adam Fogelson", "answer_start": 488}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the founder of Universal Partnerships & Licensing?", "id": "56e16a5ecd28a01900c678c0", "answers": [{"text": "Stephanie Sperber", "answer_start": 592}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who became chairperson of Universal Pictures in September 2013?", "id": "56e16a5ecd28a01900c678c1", "answers": [{"text": "Donna Langley", "answer_start": 535}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "DreamWorks SKG", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "What company did Viacom acquire in 2005?", "id": "5ad1629f645df0001a2d194c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal", "answer_start": 125}], "question": "What company did Stacey Shmuger leave in 2006?", "id": "5ad1629f645df0001a2d194d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "co-chairperson", "answer_start": 567}], "question": "What position did Donna Sperber hold?", "id": "5ad1629f645df0001a2d194e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Adam Fogelson", "answer_start": 733}], "question": "Who was ousted as co-chairman of Universal Pictures in October 2013?", "id": "5ad1629f645df0001a2d194f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In late 2005, Viacom's Paramount Pictures acquired DreamWorks SKG after acquisition talks between GE and DreamWorks stalled. Universal's long time chairperson, Stacey Snider, left the company in early 2006 to head up DreamWorks. Snider was replaced by then-Vice Chairman Marc Shmuger and Focus Features head David Linde. On October 5, 2009, Marc Shmuger and David Linde were ousted and their co-chairperson jobs consolidated under former president of worldwide marketing and distribution Adam Fogelson becoming the single chairperson. Donna Langley was also upped to co-chairperson. In 2009, Stephanie Sperber founded Universal Partnerships & Licensing within Universal to license consumer products for Universal. In September 2013, Adam Fogelson was ousted as co-chairman of Universal Pictures, promoting Donna Langley to sole-chairman. In addition, NBCUniversal International Chairman, Jeff Shell, would be appointed as Chairman of the newly created Filmed Entertainment Group. Longtime studio head Ron Meyer would give up oversight of the film studio and appointed Vice Chairman of NBCUniversal, providing consultation to CEO Steve Burke on all of the company's operations. Meyers still retains oversight of Universal Parks and Resorts."}], ["Pada awal 1970-an, Universal bergabung dengan Paramount Pictures untuk membentuk Cinema International Corporation, yang mengagihkan filem oleh Paramount dan Universal di seluruh dunia. Walau bagaimanapun, Universal telah menghasilkan hits sekali-sekala, diantaranya Lapangan Terbang (1970), The Sting (1973), American Graffiti (juga 1973), Gempa Bumi (1974), dan kejayaan besar di pejabat box office yang memulihkan kekayaan syarikat: Jaws (1975) Universal selama dekad ini adalah studio televisyen. Apabila Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer membeli Artis Amerika pada tahun 1981, MGM tidak dapat keluar daripada usaha CIC untuk bergabung dengan United Artists di luar negara. Walau bagaimanapun, dengan pengeluaran filem masa depan dari kedua-dua nama yang dikeluarkan melalui plat MGM / UA Entertainment, CIC memutuskan untuk menggabungkan unit antarabangsa UA dengan MGM dan diperbaharui sebagai United International Pictures. Akan ada filem lain seperti E.T. Extra-Terrestrial (1982), Kembali ke Masa Depan (1985), Field of Dreams (1989), dan Jurassic Park (1993), tetapi perniagaan filem itu tidak dapat diprediksi secara kewangan. UIP mula mengedarkan filem-filem oleh DreamWorks studio pada awal tahun 1997, kerana hubungan dengan pengasasnya mempunyai Paramount, Universal, dan Amblin Entertainment. Pada tahun 2001, MGM melepaskan usaha UIP, dan menyertai lengan antarabangsa 20th Century Fox untuk mengendalikan pengedaran gelaran mereka hingga ke hari ini. <> Yang bermitra dengan Universal dalam penciptaan Cinema International Corporation? || Paramount Pictures <> Dalam tahun apakah filem yang dibuat oleh Lapangan Terbang? || 1970-an <> Apakah Universal hit filem yang dihasilkan pada tahun 1974? || Gempa Bumi <> Syarikat apa yang dibeli oleh MGM pada tahun 1981? || United Artists <> Bilakah United International Pictures mula mengedarkan filem untuk DreamWorks? || 1997 <> Apa syarikat yang membuat pasukan Universal pada tahun 1970? || <> Apa syarikat ditubuhkan pada tahun 1970? || <> Apakah MMG berdiri? || <> Siapa yang keluar dari usaha UIP pada tahun 2001? || <> Siapa yang menyertai UIP pada tahun 2001? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who partnered with Universal in the creation of Cinema International Corporation?", "id": "56e1680ae3433e1400422eb0", "answers": [{"text": "Paramount Pictures", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the film Airport made?", "id": "56e1680ae3433e1400422eb1", "answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Universal hit film was produced in 1974?", "id": "56e1680ae3433e1400422eb2", "answers": [{"text": "Earthquake", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company was purchased by MGM in 1981?", "id": "56e1680ae3433e1400422eb3", "answers": [{"text": "United Artists", "answer_start": 488}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did United International Pictures start distributing films for DreamWorks?", "id": "56e1680ae3433e1400422eb4", "answers": [{"text": "1997", "answer_start": 1078}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Paramount Pictures", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "What company did Universal team up with in 1970?", "id": "5ad15a25645df0001a2d1860", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cinema International Corporation", "answer_start": 72}], "question": "What company was formed in 1970?", "id": "5ad15a25645df0001a2d1861", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer", "answer_start": 458}], "question": "What does MMG stand for?", "id": "5ad15a25645df0001a2d1862", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "MGM", "answer_start": 1183}], "question": "Who dropped out of the UIP venture in 2001?", "id": "5ad15a25645df0001a2d1863", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "20th Century Fox", "answer_start": 1233}], "question": "Who did UIP join in 2001?", "id": "5ad15a25645df0001a2d1864", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the early 1970s, Universal teamed up with Paramount Pictures to form Cinema International Corporation, which distributed films by Paramount and Universal worldwide. Though Universal did produce occasional hits, among them Airport (1970), The Sting (1973), American Graffiti (also 1973), Earthquake (1974), and a big box-office success which restored the company's fortunes: Jaws (1975), Universal during the decade was primarily a television studio. When Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer purchased United Artists in 1981, MGM could not drop out of the CIC venture to merge with United Artists overseas operations. However, with future film productions from both names being released through the MGM/UA Entertainment plate, CIC decided to merge UA's international units with MGM and reformed as United International Pictures. There would be other film hits like E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), Back to the Future (1985), Field of Dreams (1989), and Jurassic Park (1993), but the film business was financially unpredictable. UIP began distributing films by start-up studio DreamWorks in 1997, due to connections the founders have with Paramount, Universal, and Amblin Entertainment. In 2001, MGM dropped out of the UIP venture, and went with 20th Century Fox's international arm to handle distribution of their titles to this day."}], ["Sehingga 2015, Universal adalah satu-satunya studio yang telah mengeluarkan filem tiga bilion dolar dalam satu tahun; perbezaan ini dicapai pada tahun 2015 dengan Furious 7, Dunia Jurassic dan Minions. <> Dalam tahun apakah Universal membebaskan filem tiga bilion dolar? || 2015 <> Bersama Dunia Jurassic dan Furious 7, filem bilion dolar yang dikeluarkan oleh Universal pada tahun 2015? || Minions <> Berapa banyak studio telah mengeluarkan filem tiga bilion dolar dalam satu tahun? || Universal adalah satu-satunya studio <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan filem tiga bilion dolar pada tahun 2017? || <> Filem apa yang dibuat tiga bilion dolar? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Universal release three billion-dollar films?", "id": "56e16ba5cd28a01900c678e7", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Jurassic World and Furious 7, what billion-dollar film was released by Universal in 2015?", "id": "56e16ba5cd28a01900c678e8", "answers": [{"text": "Minions", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many studios have released three billion-dollar films in one year?", "id": "56e16ba5cd28a01900c678e9", "answers": [{"text": "Universal is the only studio", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "Who released three billion-dollar films in 2017?", "id": "5ad16548645df0001a2d1992", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Furious 7, Jurassic World and Minions.", "answer_start": 141}], "question": "What movies made three billion dollars?", "id": "5ad16548645df0001a2d1993", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "As of 2015, Universal is the only studio to have released three billion-dollar films in one year; this distinction was achieved in 2015 with Furious 7, Jurassic World and Minions."}], ["Pada awal tahun 1950-an, Universal menubuhkan syarikat pengedarannya sendiri di Perancis, dan pada akhir 1960-an, syarikat itu juga memulakan syarikat produksi di Paris, Universal Productions France SA, walaupun kadang-kadang dikreditkan dengan nama syarikat pengedarannya, Universal Pictures France . Kecuali untuk kedua-dua filem pertama yang dihasilkan, skandal Le Claude Chabrol (tajuk Bahasa Inggeris The Champagne Murders) dan Romain Gary Les oiseaux vont mourir au P\u00e9rou (tajuk Bahasa Inggeris Burung di Peru), ia hanya terlibat dalam pengeluaran Perancis atau orang Eropah yang lain, yang paling ketara ialah Louis Malle's Lacombe, Lucien, Les Valseuses Bertrand Blier (Gelaran Bahasa Inggeris Going Places), dan Fred Zinnemann's The Day of the Jackal. Ia hanya melibatkan kira-kira 20 produksi filem Perancis. Pada awal 1970-an, unit ini telah dimasukkan ke dalam lengan Perancis Cinema International Corporation. <> Apa nama syarikat pengeluaran Universal yang berpusat di Paris? || Universal Productions France S.A. <> Apa nama syarikat pengedaran Perancis Universal? || Universal Pictures France <> Apakah judul Inggeris Le scandale? || The Murders of Champagne <> Who directed The Day of the Jackal? || Fred Zinnemann <> Filem apa yang dikenali dalam bahasa Inggeris sebagai Tempat Pergi? || Les Valseuses <> Di mana Universal menubuhkan syarikat pengedaran pada tahun 1950? || <> Di mana Universal menubuhkan sebuah syarikat pengeluaran pada tahun 1960? || <> Apa yang berlaku pada tahun 1970? || <> Apa nama syarikat yang ditubuhkan pada tahun 1960? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the Universal production company based in Paris?", "id": "56e16c15cd28a01900c678f7", "answers": [{"text": "Universal Productions France S.A.", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Universal's French distribution company?", "id": "56e16c15cd28a01900c678f8", "answers": [{"text": "Universal Pictures France", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the English title of Le scandale?", "id": "56e16c15cd28a01900c678f9", "answers": [{"text": "The Champagne Murders", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who directed The Day of the Jackal?", "id": "56e16c15cd28a01900c678fa", "answers": [{"text": "Fred Zinnemann", "answer_start": 672}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What film was known in English as Going Places?", "id": "56e16c15cd28a01900c678fb", "answers": [{"text": "Les Valseuses", "answer_start": 624}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 69}], "question": "Where did Universal set up a distribution company in 1950?", "id": "5ad165eb645df0001a2d19aa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Paris", "answer_start": 149}], "question": "Where did Universal set up a production company in 1960?", "id": "5ad165eb645df0001a2d19ab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the unit was incorporated into the French Cinema International Corporation arm", "answer_start": 798}], "question": "What happened in 1970?", "id": "5ad165eb645df0001a2d19ac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Universal Productions France S.A", "answer_start": 156}], "question": "What was the name of the company established in 1960?", "id": "5ad165eb645df0001a2d19ad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the early 1950s, Universal set up its own distribution company in France, and in the late 1960s, the company also started a production company in Paris, Universal Productions France S.A., although sometimes credited by the name of the distribution company, Universal Pictures France. Except for the two first films it produced, Claude Chabrol's Le scandale (English title The Champagne Murders) and Romain Gary's Les oiseaux vont mourir au P\u00e9rou (English title Birds in Peru), it was only involved in French or other European co-productions, the most noticeable ones being Louis Malle's Lacombe, Lucien, Bertrand Blier's Les Valseuses (English title Going Places), and Fred Zinnemann's The Day of the Jackal. It was only involved in approximately 20 French film productions. In the early 1970s, the unit was incorporated into the French Cinema International Corporation arm."}]], [["Bahasa Estonia telah dipengaruhi oleh Sweden, Jerman (awalnya Middle Low German, yang merupakan lingua franca dari Liga Hanseatic dan bercakap secara asli di wilayah-wilayah yang sekarang dikenali sebagai Estonia oleh komuniti pemburu yang besar di Jerman Baltik, kemudian Estonia juga dipengaruhi oleh Jerman biasa), dan Rusia, walaupun ia tidak berkaitan dengannya secara genetik. <> Siapa yang bercakap Jerman dalam apa yang dikenali sebagai Estonia? || Jerman Baltik <> Selain daripada bahasa Jerman yang standard apa bahasa Jerman mempengaruhi bahasa Estonia? || Middle Low German <> Baltic Germans berbicara bahasa mana? || <> Bahasa Jerman apa yang tidak mempengaruhi Estonia? || <> Di manakah bahasa Jerman Tengah Rendah hari ini? || <> Bahasa manakah bahasa Rusia tidak mempengaruhi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who spoke German in what came to be known as Estonia?", "id": "56e3a927e375b8140053a3df", "answers": [{"text": "Baltic Germans", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from standard German what German language influenced Estonian?", "id": "56e3a927e375b8140053a3e0", "answers": [{"text": "Middle Low German", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Swedish", "answer_start": 32}], "question": "Baltic Germans spoke which language? ", "id": "5acd27f807355d001abf372e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Swedish", "answer_start": 32}], "question": "What German language did not influence Estonian?", "id": "5acd27f807355d001abf372f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Estonia", "answer_start": 195}], "question": "Where is Middle Low German spoken today? ", "id": "5acd27f807355d001abf3730", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian", "answer_start": 314}], "question": "Which language did Russian not influence? ", "id": "5acd27f807355d001abf3731", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Estonian has been influenced by Swedish, German (initially Middle Low German, which was the lingua franca of the Hanseatic League and spoken natively in the territories of what is today known as Estonia by a sizeable burgher community of Baltic Germans, later Estonian was also influenced by standard German), and Russian, though it is not related to them genetically."}], ["Kedua-dua bahasa Estonia yang berbeza (kadang-kadang dipertimbangkan dialek), bahasa-bahasa Estonia Utara dan Selatan, didasarkan pada nenek moyang penghijrahan Estonians moden ke wilayah Estonia dalam sekurang-kurangnya dua gelombang yang berlainan, kedua-dua kumpulan bercakap agak berbeza vernaculars. Standard moden Estonia telah berkembang berdasarkan dialek Estonia Utara. <> Berapakah bilangan gelombang minimum yang melaluinya Estonia moden berhijrah ke Estonia? || dua <> Apakah nama dua bahasa Estonia yang berbeza? || Bahasa Estonia Utara dan Selatan <> Apakah bahasa Estonia Timur dan Barat berdasarkan? || <> Apa yang berkembang daripada dialek bahasa Estonia Timur? || <> Dua gelombang penghijrahan ke Estonia menceritakan jenis bahasa yang sama persisnya? || <> Berapakah bilangan maksimum gelombang yang melaluinya Estonians moden berhijrah ke Estonia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the minimum number of waves through which modern Estonians migrated into Estonia?", "id": "56e3bb5d39bdeb14003478d4", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the names of the two separate Estonian languages?", "id": "56e3bb5d39bdeb14003478d5", "answers": [{"text": "North and South Estonian languages", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the ancestors of modern Estonians' migration into the territory of Estonia", "answer_start": 134}], "question": "What are East and West Estonian languages based on?", "id": "5acd2d3c07355d001abf37ec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Modern standard Estonian", "answer_start": 306}], "question": "What evolved from Eastern Estonian dialect?", "id": "5acd2d3c07355d001abf37ed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Finnic vernaculars", "answer_start": 286}], "question": "The two waves of migration into Estonian spoke the exact same type of what language? ", "id": "5acd2d3c07355d001abf37ee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What was the maximum number of waves through which modern Estonians migrated into Estonia?", "id": "5acd2d3c07355d001abf37ef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The two different historical Estonian languages (sometimes considered dialects), the North and South Estonian languages, are based on the ancestors of modern Estonians' migration into the territory of Estonia in at least two different waves, both groups speaking considerably different Finnic vernaculars. Modern standard Estonian has evolved on the basis of the dialects of Northern Estonia."}], ["Estonian (eesti keel [e\u02d0sti ke\u02d0l] (mendengar)) adalah bahasa rasmi Estonia, yang dituturkan secara asli oleh kira-kira 1.1 juta orang di Estonia dan puluhan ribu dalam pelbagai masyarakat pendatang. Ia tergolong dalam cawangan Finnic dari keluarga bahasa Uralic. <> Negara apakah yang mempunyai bahasa rasmi Estonia? || Estonia <> Di Estonia berapa ramai orang berbahasa Estonia sebagai bahasa ibunda mereka || 1.1 juta <> Daripada apa bahasa keluarga Estonia adalah sebahagian daripada? || Uralic <> Di mana cawangan keluarga bahasa Uralic boleh didapati di Estonia? || Finnic <> Berapa anggaran penutur asli Estonia yang ada di Estonia? || sepuluh dalam seribu", {"qas": [{"question": "What country has Estonian as its official language?", "id": "56e3a635e375b8140053a3cc", "answers": [{"text": "Estonian", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Estonia how many people speak Estonian as their native language", "id": "56e3a636e375b8140053a3cd", "answers": [{"text": "1.1 million", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of what language family is Estonian a part of?", "id": "56e3a636e375b8140053a3ce", "answers": [{"text": "Uralic", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On which branch of Uralic language family can Estonian be found?", "id": "56e3a636e375b8140053a3cf", "answers": [{"text": "Finnic", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many estimated non native speakers of Estonian are there in Estonia?", "id": "56e3a636e375b8140053a3d0", "answers": [{"text": "tens of thousands", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Estonian (eesti keel [\u02c8e\u02d0sti \u02c8ke\u02d0l] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family."}], ["Penguasaan Estonia selepas Perang Salib Utara, dari abad ke-13 hingga 1918 oleh Denmark, Jerman, Sweden, dan Rusia menangguhkan literasi pribumi di Estonia [Kapan diperlukan] <> Bilakah Perang Salib Utara berlaku? || Abad ke-13 hingga 1918 <> Negara mana yang mengambil bahagian dalam Perang Salib Utara? || Denmark, Jerman, Sweden, dan Rusia <> Berikutan perang salib negara mana yang dikuasai? || Estonia <> Apa akibat salib salib yang menunda di Estonia? || literasi pribumi <> Bilakah tidak Perang Salib Utara berlaku? || <> Negara manakah yang tidak mengambil bahagian dalam Perang Salib Utara? || <> Berikutan perang salib yang negara tidak dikuasai? || <> Apa yang berlaku selepas Perang salib berakhir di Estonia? || <> Negara apakah yang terlibat dalam Perang Salib Timur? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Northern Crusades happen?", "id": "56e3bbe839bdeb14003478da", "answers": [{"text": "13th century to 1918", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which countries took part in the Northern Crusades?", "id": "56e3bbe839bdeb14003478db", "answers": [{"text": "Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Following the crusades which country was dominated?", "id": "56e3bbe839bdeb14003478dc", "answers": [{"text": "Estonia", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the aftermath of the crusades end up delaying in Estonia?", "id": "56e3bbe839bdeb14003478dd", "answers": [{"text": "indigenous literacy", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "13th century to 1918", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "When didn't the Northern Crusades happen?", "id": "5acd2d8207355d001abf37fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia", "answer_start": 88}], "question": " Which countries didn't take part in the Northern Crusades?", "id": "5acd2d8207355d001abf37ff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Estonia", "answer_start": 18}], "question": " Following the crusades which country was not dominated?", "id": "5acd2d8207355d001abf3800", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "indigenous literacy", "answer_start": 133}], "question": "What did the aftermath of the crusades end up beginning in Estonia?", "id": "5acd2d8207355d001abf3801", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Estonia", "answer_start": 18}], "question": "What country was involved in the Eastern Crusades?", "id": "5acd2d8207355d001abf3802", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia delayed indigenous literacy in Estonia.[citation needed]"}], ["Sampel terawal yang terhubung (utara) Estonia adalah yang disebut salat Kullamaa yang bertarikh 1524 dan 1528. Pada 1525 buku pertama yang diterbitkan dalam bahasa Estonia telah dicetak. Buku itu adalah manuskrip Lutheran, yang tidak pernah sampai kepada pembaca dan telah dimusnahkan sejurus selepas penerbitan. <> Apa buku bahasa Estonia pertama yang akan diterbitkan? || sebuah naskah Lutheran <> Bilakah doa-doa Kallamaa ditulis? || 1524 dan 1528 <> Apa nasib manuskrip Lutheran yang dicetak pada tahun 1525? || dimusnahkan <> Pada masa apakah kewujudannya adalah naskah Lutheran yang musnah? || sejurus selepas penerbitan <> Apakah buku bahasa Estonia terakhir yang akan diterbitkan? || <> Siapa yang menulis doa pertama? || <> Apakah nasib manuskrip Lutheran yang dicetak pada tahun 1524? || <> Pada manakah titik dalam kewujudannya adalah manuskrip Lutheran yang diterbitkan? || <> Apa manuskrip ditulis pada tahun 1528? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the first Estonian language book to be published?", "id": "56e3bd8e8c00841900fbaedb", "answers": [{"text": "a Lutheran manuscript", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the Kallamaa prayers written?", "id": "56e3bd8e8c00841900fbaedc", "answers": [{"text": "1524 and 1528", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the fate of the Lutheran manuscript printed in 1525?", "id": "56e3bd8e8c00841900fbaedd", "answers": [{"text": "destroyed", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what point in its existence was the Lutheran manuscript destroyed?", "id": "56e3bd8e8c00841900fbaede", "answers": [{"text": "immediately after publication", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lutheran manuscript", "answer_start": 206}], "question": " What was the last Estonian language book to be published?", "id": "5acd2f5507355d001abf3848", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kullamaa", "answer_start": 76}], "question": "Who wrote the first prayers? ", "id": "5acd2f5507355d001abf3849", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "destroyed", "answer_start": 266}], "question": " What was the fate of the Lutheran manuscript printed in 1524?", "id": "5acd2f5507355d001abf384a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "immediately", "answer_start": 276}], "question": "At what point in its existence was the Lutheran manuscript published?", "id": "5acd2f5507355d001abf384b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lutheran manuscript", "answer_start": 206}], "question": "What manuscript was written in 1528?", "id": "5acd2f5507355d001abf384c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication."}], ["Seperti Bahasa Finlandia dan Hungary, bahasa Estonia adalah bahasa aglutinatif, tetapi tidak seperti mereka, ia telah kehilangan keharmonian vokal, vokal depan yang berlaku secara eksklusif pada suku kata pertama atau tertekan, walaupun dalam teks lama keharmonian vokal masih dapat diakui. Tambahan pula, apokope bunyi akhir perkataan adalah luas dan telah menyumbang kepada pergeseran dari semata-mata agglutinative kepada bahasa fusional. [Rujukan?] Perintah perkataan asas adalah subjek-kata kerja-objek. <> Apa jenis harmoni yang telah hilang di Estonia? || vokal <> Ciri bahasa apakah yang dimiliki oleh Estonia, Finish dan Hungary? || agglutinative <> Dalam susunan apa perkataan yang dimasukkan dalam ayat dalam bahasa Estonia? || subjek-kata kerja-objek <> Apa jenis keharmonian yang ada di Estonia tidak hilang? || <> Ciri bahasa apa yang berbeza bahasa Estonia, Finish dan Hungary? || <> Dalam urutan apakah perkataan yang dimasukkan dalam ayat dalam bahasa Finland? || <> Dalam urutan apakah perkataan yang dimasukkan dalam ayat dalam bahasa Hungary? || <> Apa yang menjadikannya beralih daripada bahasa fusional kepada suatu agglutinative? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of harmony has Estonian lost?", "id": "56e3b0128c00841900fbaed5", "answers": [{"text": "vowel", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language feature does Estonian, Finish and Hungarian share? ", "id": "56e3b0128c00841900fbaed6", "answers": [{"text": "agglutinative", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what order are words put in sentences in the Estonian language?", "id": "56e3b0128c00841900fbaed7", "answers": [{"text": "subject\u2013verb\u2013object", "answer_start": 443}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "vowel", "answer_start": 221}], "question": " What kind of harmony has Estonian not lost?", "id": "5acd289107355d001abf3740", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "agglutinative", "answer_start": 51}], "question": " What language features do Estonian, Finish and Hungarian differ?", "id": "5acd289107355d001abf3741", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "subject\u2013verb\u2013object", "answer_start": 443}], "question": " In what order are words put in sentences in the Finnish language?", "id": "5acd289107355d001abf3742", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "subject\u2013verb\u2013object", "answer_start": 443}], "question": "In what order are words put in sentences in the Hungarian language?", "id": "5acd289107355d001abf3743", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the apocope", "answer_start": 273}], "question": "What made it shift from a fusional language to an agglutinative one?", "id": "5acd289107355d001abf3744", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Like Finnish and Hungarian, Estonian is a somewhat agglutinative language, but unlike them, it has lost vowel harmony, the front vowels occurring exclusively on the first or stressed syllable, although in older texts the vowel harmony can still be recognized. Furthermore, the apocope of word-final sounds is extensive and has contributed to a shift from a purely agglutinative to a fusional language.[citation needed] The basic word order is subject\u2013verb\u2013object."}], ["Bahasa Estonia milik cawangan Finnic bahasa Uralic, bersama dengan bahasa Finland, Karelian, dan bahasa-bahasa lain yang berdekatan. Bahasa Uralic tidak termasuk dalam bahasa Indo-Eropah. Estonia adalah berkaitan dengan bahasa Hungary dan Sami. <> Apa bahasa bahasa Uralic mengandungi bahasa Estonia? || Finnic <> Apakah dua bahasa lain dalam cawangan Finnic? || Finland, Karelian <> Apakah kumpulan bahasa Estonia bukan sebahagian daripada? || Bahasa Indo-Eropah <> Bahasa apa yang berkaitan dengan Estonia tetapi tidak? || Bahasa Hungary dan bahasa Sami <> Apa bahasa bahasa Uralic tidak mengandungi bahasa Estonia? || <> Apa cawangan bahasa Uralic tidak mengandungi bahasa Finland? || <> Apa cabang bahasa Uralic tidak mengandungi Karelian? || <> Bahasa apa yang sangat dekat dengan Estonia? || <> Bahasa apa yang tidak berkaitan dengan bahasa Estonia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What Uralic language branch contains Estonian?", "id": "56e3a830e375b8140053a3d6", "answers": [{"text": "Finnic", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two other languages in the Finnic branch?", "id": "56e3a830e375b8140053a3d7", "answers": [{"text": "Finnish, Karelian", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language group is Estonian not a part of?", "id": "56e3a830e375b8140053a3d8", "answers": [{"text": "Indo-European languages", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What languages are related to Estonian but not closely?", "id": "56e3a830e375b8140053a3d9", "answers": [{"text": "Hungarian and to the Sami languages", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Finnic", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "What Uralic language branch does not contain Estonian?", "id": "5acd277607355d001abf371a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Finnic", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "What Uralic language branch does not contain Finnish?", "id": "5acd277607355d001abf371b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Finnic", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "What Uralic language branch does not contain Karelian? ", "id": "5acd277607355d001abf371c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hungarian and to the Sami languages", "answer_start": 221}], "question": " What languages are very close to Estonian?", "id": "5acd277607355d001abf371d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hungarian and to the Sami languages", "answer_start": 221}], "question": "What languages are not related to Estonian?", "id": "5acd277607355d001abf371e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Estonian belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages, along with Finnish, Karelian, and other nearby languages. The Uralic languages do not belong to the Indo-European languages. Estonian is distantly related to Hungarian and to the Sami languages."}], ["Satu ciri tersendiri yang menyebabkan minat yang tinggi di kalangan ahli bahasa ialah apa yang secara tradisinya dilihat sebagai tiga darjah panjang fonemik: pendek, panjang, dan \"terlalu panjang\", seperti yang / s\u0251d\u0251 /, / s\u0251\u02d1d\u0251 / dan / s\u0251\u02d0d\u0251 / adalah berbeza. Sebenarnya, perbezaan ini tidak semata-mata dalam fonemik, dan mekanisme fonologi yang mendasari masih dipertikaikan. [Rujukan?] <> Siapa yang berminat dengan darjah panjang fonemik? || ahli bahasa <> Apakah tiga tahap darjah fonemik? || pendek, panjang, dan \"mengatasi\" <> Apa masalah pertikaian antara ahli bahasa mengenai perbezaan? || mekanisme fonologi yang mendasari <> Siapa yang tidak berminat dengan darjah panjang fonemik? || <> Apa yang bukan ciri tersendiri? || <> Bawah adalah tahap panjangnya? || <> Apakah tiga darjah lebar fonemik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is interested in the degrees of phonemic length?", "id": "56e3a745d654871900275377", "answers": [{"text": "linguists", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the phonemic length's three degrees?", "id": "56e3a745d654871900275378", "answers": [{"text": "short, long, and \"overlong\"", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a matter of dispute among linguists regarding the distinction?", "id": "56e3a745d654871900275379", "answers": [{"text": "the underlying phonological mechanism", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "linguists", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "Who isn't interested in the degrees of phonemic length?", "id": "5acd272207355d001abf36f4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "degrees of phonemic length", "answer_start": 122}], "question": "What is not a distinctive feature? ", "id": "5acd272207355d001abf36f5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "phonemic", "answer_start": 133}], "question": "Underlong is a degree of what length? ", "id": "5acd272207355d001abf36f6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "short, long, and \"overlong\"", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "What are the three degrees of phonemic width? ", "id": "5acd272207355d001abf36f7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "One distinctive feature that has caused a great amount of interest among linguists is what is traditionally seen as three degrees of phonemic length: short, long, and \"overlong\", such that /s\u0251d\u0251/, /s\u0251\u02d1d\u0251/ and /s\u0251\u02d0d\u0251/ are distinct. In actuality, the distinction is not purely in the phonemic length, and the underlying phonological mechanism is still disputed.[citation needed]"}], ["Buku Estonian yang masih ada adalah penterjemahan German-Estonian dari katekismus Lutheran dwibahasa oleh S. Wanradt dan J. Koell yang bertarikh 1535, semasa zaman Reformasi Protestan. Buku tatabahasa Estonia yang digunakan oleh para imam dicetak dalam bahasa Jerman pada tahun 1637. Perjanjian Baru diterjemahkan ke bahasa Estonia selatan pada tahun 1686 (bahasa Estonia Utara, 1715). Kedua bahasa itu bersatu berdasarkan bahasa Estonia utara oleh Anton thor Helle. <> Apa dua orang yang bertanggungjawab untuk buku yang masih ada dalam Bahasa Estonia? || S. Wanradt dan J. Koell <> Pada tahun berapa ditulis buku S. Wanradt dan J. Koell? || 1535 <> Apa jenis buku itu? || terjemahan dwibahasa Jerman-Estonia katekismus Lutheran <> Apa buku khusus untuk penggunaan imam yang dicetak dalam bahasa Estonia? || Buku tatabahasa Estonia <> Tahun berapa buku tatabahasa imam dimasukkan ke dalam cetakan? || 1637 <> Siapa yang menulis buku Estonian yang terakhir? || <> Buku apa yang diterbitkan di Estonia Timur pada tahun 1715? || <> Buku apa yang tidak digunakan oleh para imam pada tahun 1637? || <> Siapa yang menulis di Estonia Timur? || <> Siapa yang menulis buku tatabahasa pada tahun 1637? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What two people are responsible for the first still in existence book in the Estonian Language?", "id": "56e3c1098c00841900fbaee3", "answers": [{"text": "S. Wanradt and J. Koell", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was S. Wanradt and J. Koell's book written?", "id": "56e3c1098c00841900fbaee4", "answers": [{"text": "1535", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of book was it?", "id": "56e3c1098c00841900fbaee5", "answers": [{"text": "bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What book specifically for the use of priests was printed in Estonian?", "id": "56e3c1098c00841900fbaee6", "answers": [{"text": "An Estonian grammar book", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the priests' grammar book put into print?", "id": "56e3c1098c00841900fbaee7", "answers": [{"text": "1637", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "S. Wanradt and J. Koell", "answer_start": 103}], "question": "Who wrote the last Estonian book? ", "id": "5acd2fe907355d001abf3852", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The New Testament", "answer_start": 263}], "question": "What book was published in Eastern Estonia in 1715?", "id": "5acd2fe907355d001abf3853", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Estonian grammar book", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "What book was not used by priests in 1637?", "id": "5acd2fe907355d001abf3854", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Anton thor Helle.", "answer_start": 414}], "question": "Who wrote in Eastern Estonian? ", "id": "5acd2fe907355d001abf3855", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "S. Wanradt and J. Koell", "answer_start": 103}], "question": "Who wrote the grammar book in 1637? ", "id": "5acd2fe907355d001abf3856", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle."}], ["Rekod tertulis tertua bahasa Finnic dari Estonia dari abad ke-13. Asal Livoniae dalam Chronicle of Henry of Livonia mengandungi nama, kata-kata dan serpihan ayat bahasa Estonia. <> Seberapa jauh rekod bertulis pertama bahasa Finnic Estonia pergi? || Abad ke-13 <> Di mana boleh didapati nama tempat bahasa Estonia? || Berasal dari Livoniae <> Yang Chronicle mengandungi Livoniae yang Berasal? || Chronicle of Henry of Livonia <> Selain daripada nama-nama tempat apa lagi dari bahasa Estonia yang boleh didapati di Livoniae Asal dalam Chronicle of Henry of Livonia? || perkataan dan serpihan ayat. <> Di mana rekod nama tempat Estonia tidak dijumpai? || <> Yang mana Chronicle tidak mengandungi Livoniae Asal? || <> Apa abad terakhir untuk bahasa Finnic Estonia? || <> Bilakah rekod bertulis terkini Bahasa Finnic Estonia? || <> Dalam buku apakah nama, perkataan dan serpihan ayat tidak dimasukkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How far back do the first written records of Estonia's Finnic languages go?", "id": "56e3bca239bdeb14003478e2", "answers": [{"text": "13th century", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where can records of Estonian place names be found?", "id": "56e3bca239bdeb14003478e3", "answers": [{"text": "Originates Livoniae", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Chronicle contains the Originates Livoniae?", "id": "56e3bca239bdeb14003478e4", "answers": [{"text": "Chronicle of Henry of Livonia", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from place names what else from the Estonian language can be found in the Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia?", "id": "56e3bca239bdeb14003478e5", "answers": [{"text": "words and fragments of sentences.", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Originates Livoniae", "answer_start": 90}], "question": " Where can records of Estonian place names not be found?", "id": "5acd2dff07355d001abf3808", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Henry of Livonia", "answer_start": 126}], "question": "Which Chronicle does not contain the Originates Livoniae?", "id": "5acd2dff07355d001abf3809", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "13th century", "answer_start": 76}], "question": "What was the last century fo Estonia's Finnic language? ", "id": "5acd2dff07355d001abf380a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "13th century", "answer_start": 76}], "question": "When is the most recent written records of Finnic Languages of Estonia?", "id": "5acd2dff07355d001abf380b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Chronicle of Henry of Livonia", "answer_start": 113}], "question": "In what book were place names, words and fragments of sentences were not included?", "id": "5acd2dff07355d001abf380c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The oldest written records of the Finnic languages of Estonia date from the 13th century. Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences."}], ["Dari tahun 1525 hingga 1917, 14,503 tajuk diterbitkan dalam bahasa Estonia, berbanding dengan 23,868 tajuk yang diterbitkan antara tahun 1918 dan 1940. Pada tahun-tahun antara 1918 dan 1940 berapa banyak buku bahasa Estonia dicetak? || 23,868 <> Pada kira-kira empat abad sebelum tahun 1918 berapa banyak buku bahasa Estonia dicetak? || 14,503 <> Dalam bahasa apakah 14,503 buku diterbitkan sebelum tahun 1918? || Estonian <> Berapa banyak buku diterbitkan di Etonian sebelum 1525? || <> Berapa banyak buku Estonian diterbitkan selepas 1917 hingga hari ini? || <> Berapa banyak buku diterbitkan sebelum tahun 1918? || <> Berapa banyak buku diterbitkan selepas tahun 1940? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In the years between 1918 and 1940 how many Estonian language books were printed?", "id": "56e3c2db39bdeb14003478f4", "answers": [{"text": "23,868", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the roughly four centuries previous to 1918 how many Estonian language books were printed?", "id": "56e3c2db39bdeb14003478f5", "answers": [{"text": "14,503", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what language were 14,503 books published prior to 1918?", "id": "56e3c2db39bdeb14003478f6", "answers": [{"text": "Estonian", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "14,503", "answer_start": 18}], "question": "How many books were published in Etonian before 1525?", "id": "5acd312207355d001abf38a4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "14,503", "answer_start": 18}], "question": "How many Estonian books were published after 1917 through today?", "id": "5acd312207355d001abf38a5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "23,868", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "How many books were published before 1918?", "id": "5acd312207355d001abf38a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "23,868", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "How many books were published after 1940?", "id": "5acd312207355d001abf38a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "From 1525 to 1917 14,503 titles were published in Estonian, as opposed to the 23,868 titles which were published between 1918 and 1940.[citation needed]"}], ["Kembalinya pendatang Soviet ke negara asal mereka telah membawa proporsi Estonia di Estonia kembali di atas 70%. Dan sekali lagi seperti di Latvia, hari ini banyak daripada orang-orang bukan Estonia yang tersisa di Estonia telah mengadopsi bahasa Estonia; kira-kira 40% pada banci tahun 2000. <> Berikutan pemergian pendatang Soviet apa peratusan Estonia di Estonia? || di atas 70% <> Apabila pendatang Soviet menyertai Estonia, berapa orang Estonians tinggal di Estonia? || <> Berapa banyak orang Estonia yang asli menggunakan bahasa Estonia? || <> Berapa peratus daripada penduduk Estonia bercakap dalam bahasa Rusia pada tahun 2000? || <> Berapa peratus daripada Soviet yang bercakap Estonia? || <> Berapa peratus Latvians bercakap bahasa Rusia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Following the departure of the Soviet immigrants what was the percentage of Estonians in Estonia?", "id": "56e3c76639bdeb140034790e", "answers": [{"text": "above 70%", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "70%", "answer_start": 123}], "question": "When Soviet immigrants joined Estonia, how many Estonians lived in Estonia?", "id": "5acd3cb907355d001abf39cc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "40%", "answer_start": 245}], "question": "How many native Estonians adopted Estonian? ", "id": "5acd3cb907355d001abf39cd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "40%", "answer_start": 245}], "question": "What percentage of Estonians spoke Russian in 2000?", "id": "5acd3cb907355d001abf39ce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "40%", "answer_start": 245}], "question": "What percentage of Soviets spoke Estonian? ", "id": "5acd3cb907355d001abf39cf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "70%", "answer_start": 123}], "question": "What percentage of Latvians spoke Russian?  ", "id": "5acd3cb907355d001abf39d0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census."}], ["Kumpulan utara terdiri daripada keskmurre atau dialek tengah yang juga menjadi asas bagi bahasa standard, l\u00e4\u00e4nemurre atau dialek barat, kira-kira sama dengan L\u00e4\u00e4nemaa dan P\u00e4rnumaa, dialek saarte murre (Saaremaa dan Hiiumaa) dan idamurre atau timur dialek di pantai barat laut Lake Peipsi. <> Dialek apa juga dikenali sebagai dialek tengah? || keskmurre <> Apakah dialek dari Lake Peipsi? || dialek idamurre atau timur <> Apa dialek-dialek kumpulan utara yang dituturkan pada saarte murre? || Saaremaa dan Hiiumaa <> Apakah nama lain untuk dialek barat kumpulan utara Estonia? || l\u00e4\u00e4nemurre <> Dialek apa juga dikenali sebagai dialek tengah? || <> Apakah dialek dari kota Peipsi? || <> Apa dialek kumpulan selatan yang dituturkan pada saarte murre? || <> Apakah nama lain untuk dialek selatan Estonia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What dialect is also known as the central dialect?", "id": "56e428b08c00841900fbaf09", "answers": [{"text": "the keskmurre", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the dialect from Lake Peipsi?", "id": "56e428b08c00841900fbaf0a", "answers": [{"text": "the idamurre or eastern dialect", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What dialects of the northern group are spoken on the saarte murre?", "id": "56e428b08c00841900fbaf0b", "answers": [{"text": "Saaremaa and Hiiumaa", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for Estonian's northern group's western dialect?", "id": "56e428b08c00841900fbaf0c", "answers": [{"text": "the l\u00e4\u00e4nemurre", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "keskmurre", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "What dialect is also known as the middle dialect?", "id": "5acd3dc207355d001abf39f2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "idamurre", "answer_start": 265}], "question": " What is the dialect from the city of Peipsi?", "id": "5acd3dc207355d001abf39f3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Saaremaa and Hiiumaa", "answer_start": 236}], "question": "What dialects of the southern group are spoken on the saarte murre?", "id": "5acd3dc207355d001abf39f4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "l\u00e4\u00e4nemurre", "answer_start": 118}], "question": "What is another name for Estonian's southern dialect?", "id": "5acd3dc207355d001abf39f5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the l\u00e4\u00e4nemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to L\u00e4\u00e4nemaa and P\u00e4rnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi."}], ["Selepas Perang Kemerdekaan Estonia pada tahun 1919, bahasa Estonia menjadi bahasa negeri negara yang baru merdeka. Pada tahun 1945, 97.3% dari Estonia menganggap dirinya Estonia etnik dan bercakap bahasa itu. <> Tahun apakah Perang Kemerdekaan Estonia berlaku? || 1919 <> Selepas Estonia mencapai kemerdekaan apa yang dibuat bahasa negara mereka? || Estonia <> Berapa peratus daripada orang Estonians memikirkan diri mereka sebagai etnik Estonia pada tahun 1945? || 97.3% <> Bahasa apa yang digunakan oleh etnik Estonia? || Estonia <> Tahun apakah Estonia mempunyai perang saudara? || <> Berapa peratus daripada Estonia tidak bercakap Estonia pada tahun 1945? || <> Perang apa yang berlaku pada tahun 1945? || <> Bahasa apa yang enggan bercakap etnik Estonia? || <> Tahun apakah Estonia gagal mendapatkan kemerdekaan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did Estonia's War of Independence take place?", "id": "56e3c50e39bdeb1400347904", "answers": [{"text": "1919", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After Estonia achieved independence what was made their state language?", "id": "56e3c50e39bdeb1400347905", "answers": [{"text": "Estonian", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Estonians thought of themselves as ethnic Estonian's in 1945?", "id": "56e3c50f39bdeb1400347906", "answers": [{"text": "97.3%", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language was spoken by ethnic Estonians?", "id": "56e3c50f39bdeb1400347907", "answers": [{"text": "Estonian", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1919", "answer_start": 42}], "question": "What year did Estonia have a civil war? ", "id": "5acd31de07355d001abf38c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "97.3%", "answer_start": 139}], "question": "What percentage of Estonians did not speak Estonian in 1945?", "id": "5acd31de07355d001abf38c9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "War of Independence", "answer_start": 19}], "question": "What war took place in 1945?", "id": "5acd31de07355d001abf38ca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Estonian", "answer_start": 181}], "question": "What language did ethnic Estonians refuse to speak?", "id": "5acd31de07355d001abf38cb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1919", "answer_start": 42}], "question": "What year did Estonia fail at getting independence? ", "id": "5acd31de07355d001abf38cc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language."}], ["Dialek-dialek Estonia dibahagikan kepada dua kumpulan - dialek utara dan selatan, bersejarah yang dikaitkan dengan bandar-bandar di Tallinn di utara dan Tartu di selatan, di samping dialek kirderanniku yang berbeza, di timur laut Estonia di Estonia. <> Berapa banyak kumpulan dialek Bahasa Estonia ada di sana? || dua <> Apakah nama-nama kumpulan dialek Estonia? || dialek utara dan selatan <> Apakah bandar utara yang mana dialek utara dikaitkan? || Tallinn <> Dimana dialek kirderanniku diucapkan? || pantai timur laut Estonia <> Apakah bandar di mana bahasa dialek selatan diterjemahkan secara historis? || Tartu <> Apa bandar di utara Tallinn? || <> Apa bandar di selatan Tartu? || <> Apakah bandar di mana dialek timur diterjemahkan secara historis? || <> Dimana dialek kirderanniku tidak diucapkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many groups of Estonian dialects are there?", "id": "56e427248c00841900fbaeff", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the names of the Estonian dialect groups?", "id": "56e427248c00841900fbaf00", "answers": [{"text": "the northern and southern dialects", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the northern city to which the northern dialect is associated?", "id": "56e427248c00841900fbaf01", "answers": [{"text": "Tallinn", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the kirderanniku dialect spoken?", "id": "56e427248c00841900fbaf02", "answers": [{"text": "the northeastern coast of Estonia", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the city where the southern dialect was historically spoken?", "id": "56e427248c00841900fbaf03", "answers": [{"text": "Tartu", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tartu", "answer_start": 156}], "question": "What city is north of Tallinn? ", "id": "5acd3d4907355d001abf39ea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tallinn", "answer_start": 131}], "question": "What city is south of Tartu? ", "id": "5acd3d4907355d001abf39eb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tartu", "answer_start": 156}], "question": "What is the city where the eastern dialect was historically spoken?", "id": "5acd3d4907355d001abf39ec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "northeastern coast", "answer_start": 236}], "question": " Where is the kirderanniku dialect not spoken?", "id": "5acd3d4907355d001abf39ed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups \u2013 the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia."}], ["Kumpulan selatan (bahasa Estonia Selatan) terdiri daripada dialek Tartu, Mulgi, V\u00f5ru (V\u00f5ro) dan Setu (Seto). Ini kadang-kadang dianggap sama ada varian bahasa Estonia Selatan, atau bahasa yang berasingan sama sekali. Juga, Seto dan V\u00f5ro membezakan diri dari satu sama lain kurang oleh bahasa dan lebih oleh budaya mereka dan pengakuan Kristian masing-masing. <> Dialek apa yang terdiri daripada kumpulan selatan? || taktik Tartu, Mulgi, V\u00f5ru (V\u00f5ro) dan Setu (Seto) <> Lebih penting daripada aspek bahasa mereka bagaimana dialek Seto dan V\u00f5ro membezakan diri daripada satu sama lain? || budaya mereka <> Selain dianggap sebagai varian kumpulan selatan bahasa Estonia apa lagi yang dipanggil kadang-kadang dialek Tartu, Mulgi, V\u00f5ru (V\u00f5ro) dan Setu (Seto)? || bahasa yang berasingan sama sekali <> Apa agama dikaitkan dengan Seto dan V\u00f5ro? || Kristian <> Dialek apa tidak terdiri daripada kumpulan selatan? || <> Bagaimana pula dengan seto dan voro communties? || <> Agama apa yang ditolak oleh Seto dan V\u00f5ro? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What dialects comprise the southern group?", "id": "56e429db8c00841900fbaf11", "answers": [{"text": "the Tartu, Mulgi, V\u00f5ru (V\u00f5ro) and Setu (Seto) dialects", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "More importantly than their language aspect how do the Seto and V\u00f5ro dialects set themselves apart from each other?", "id": "56e429db8c00841900fbaf12", "answers": [{"text": "their culture", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from being thought of as variants of Estonian's southern group what else are the Tartu, Mulgi, V\u00f5ru (V\u00f5ro) and Setu (Seto) dialects sometimes considered?", "id": "56e429db8c00841900fbaf13", "answers": [{"text": "separate languages altogether", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What religion is associated with Seto and V\u00f5ro?", "id": "56e429db8c00841900fbaf14", "answers": [{"text": "Christian", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tartu, Mulgi, V\u00f5ru (V\u00f5ro) and Setu (Seto) dialects", "answer_start": 61}], "question": " What dialects do not comprise the southern group?", "id": "5acd3e2807355d001abf3a04", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "culture", "answer_start": 318}], "question": "How are the seto and voro communties similar?", "id": "5acd3e2807355d001abf3a05", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christian", "answer_start": 347}], "question": " What religion is rejected by the Seto and V\u00f5ro?", "id": "5acd3e2807355d001abf3a06", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, V\u00f5ru (V\u00f5ro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and V\u00f5ro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession."}], ["Semasa era Perestroika, Undang-undang mengenai Status Bahasa Estonia telah diterima pakai pada Januari 1989. Keruntuhan Kesatuan Soviet menyebabkan pemulihan kebebasan Republik Estonia. Estonia kembali menjadi satu-satunya bahasa negeri di Estonia yang dalam amalannya, penggunaan bahasa Estonia telah dipromosikan sementara penggunaan bahasa Rusia tidak digalakkan. <> Apakah peristiwa sejarah sekali lagi membebaskan Estonia? || runtuhnya Uni Soviet <> Berikutan kejatuhan Soviet apa yang menjadi satu-satunya bahasa Estonia rasmi? || Bahasa Estonia <> Bahasa apa yang tidak lagi dipromosikan sebagai salah satu bahasa utama Estonia? || Rusia <> Apa yang berlaku pada bulan Januari 1989? || Undang-undang mengenai Status Bahasa Estonia <> Apa peristiwa sejarah sekali lagi diperbudak Estonia? || <> Berikutan kenaikan Soviet apa yang menjadi satu-satunya bahasa Estonia rasmi? || <> Bahasa apa yang menjadi kurang popular sebelum keruntuhan Soviet? || <> Apa yang berlaku pada Februari 1989? || <> Bilakah Rusia digalakkan untuk digunakan di Estonia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What historical event once again freed Estonia?", "id": "56e3c6788c00841900fbaef7", "answers": [{"text": "collapse of the Soviet Union", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Following the Soviet collapse what became the only official Estonian Language?", "id": "56e3c6788c00841900fbaef8", "answers": [{"text": "Estonian", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language was no longer promoted as one of Estonia's main languages?", "id": "56e3c6788c00841900fbaef9", "answers": [{"text": "Russian", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What came into being in January 1989?", "id": "56e3c6788c00841900fbaefa", "answers": [{"text": "The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "collapse of the Soviet Union", "answer_start": 108}], "question": "What historical event once again enslaved Estonia?", "id": "5acd32ff07355d001abf38fa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Estonian", "answer_start": 298}], "question": "Following the Soviet rise what became the only official Estonian Language?", "id": "5acd32ff07355d001abf38fb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian", "answer_start": 337}], "question": "What language became less popular prior to the Soviet collapse? ", "id": "5acd32ff07355d001abf38fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language", "answer_start": 28}], "question": " What came into being in February 1989?", "id": "5acd32ff07355d001abf38fd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence", "answer_start": 144}], "question": "When was Russian encouraged to be used in Estonia?", "id": "5acd32ff07355d001abf38fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged."}], ["Tulisan-tulisan dalam bahasa Estonia menjadi signifikan hanya pada abad ke-19 dengan penyebaran ide-ide Zaman Pencerahan, semasa Tempoh Pencerahan Estophile (1750-1840). Walaupun orang-orang Jerman di Baltik pada masa yang sama menganggap masa depan Estonia sebagai gabungan dengan diri mereka sendiri, kelas berpendidikan Estophile mengagumi budaya kuno Estonia dan era kebebasan mereka sebelum penaklukan oleh Denmark dan Jerman pada abad ke-13. <> Apakah idea-idea Age yang membenarkan tulisan-tulisan Estonia untuk mendapatkan makna? || Age of Enlightenment <> Siapa yang fikir masa depan mereka akan disatu dengan Estonians? || Baltik Jerman <> Siapa yang kagum dengan kebudayaan Estonia kuno? || Kelas berpendidikan Estophile <> Yang menakluki Estonia kuno? || Danes dan Jerman <> Bilakah era kebebasan zaman kuno Estonia berakhir? || Abad ke-13 <> Apakah idea-idea Age yang tidak membenarkan karya-karya Estonian mendapat makna? || <> Siapa yang tidak mahu masa depan mereka disatu dengan Estonians? || <> Siapa yang tidak suka budaya Estonia purba? || <> Siapa yang menakluki Danes purba? || <> Siapa yang menakluki Jerman kuno? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What Age's ideas allowed Estonian writings to gain significance?", "id": "56e3c47839bdeb14003478fa", "answers": [{"text": "Age of Enlightenment", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who thought their future would be fused with Estonians?", "id": "56e3c47839bdeb14003478fb", "answers": [{"text": "Baltic Germans", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who had admiration for the ancient Estonian culture?", "id": "56e3c47839bdeb14003478fc", "answers": [{"text": "Estophile educated class", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who conquered the ancient Estonians?", "id": "56e3c47839bdeb14003478fd", "answers": [{"text": "Danes and Germans", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the ancient Estonian era of freedom come to an end?", "id": "56e3c47839bdeb14003478fe", "answers": [{"text": "13th century", "answer_start": 427}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Age of Enlightenment", "answer_start": 101}], "question": " What Age's ideas did not allow Estonian writings to gain significance?", "id": "5acd317907355d001abf38b6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Baltic Germans", "answer_start": 187}], "question": " Who did not want their future to be fused with Estonians?", "id": "5acd317907355d001abf38b7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Estophile educated class", "answer_start": 283}], "question": " Who had did not like the ancient Estonian culture?", "id": "5acd317907355d001abf38b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Estonians", "answer_start": 343}], "question": " Who conquered the ancient Danes?", "id": "5acd317907355d001abf38b9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Danes", "answer_start": 402}], "question": " Who conquered the ancient Germans?", "id": "5acd317907355d001abf38ba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750\u20131840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century."}], ["Kelahiran kesusasteraan Estonia asli adalah pada tahun 1810 hingga 1820 ketika puisi patriotik dan falsafah oleh Kristjan Jaak Peterson diterbitkan. Peterson, yang merupakan pelajar pertama di Universiti Jerman Dorpat yang kemudiannya mengakui asal-usulnya di Estonia, sering dianggap sebagai penyampai kesusasteraan kebangsaan Estonia dan dianggap sebagai pengasas puisi Estonia moden. Hari lahirnya pada 14 Mac dirayakan di Estonia sebagai Hari Ibu Ibu. Serpihan dari puisi Peterson \"Kuu\" mengungkapkan tuntutan yang menegaskan hak kelahiran bahasa Estonia: <> Apakah karya penyair Estonia yang dicetak dari 1810 hingga 1820? || Kristjan Jaak Peterson <> Apa subjek yang ditulis oleh puisi Kristjan Jaak Peterson? || patriotik dan falsafah <> Bilakah Peterson dilahirkan? || 14 Mac <> Apakah nama lain diberikan untuk ulang tahun Peterson? || Hari Ibu Ibu <> Apakah universiti yang hadir Peterson? || Bahasa Jerman-bahasa Dorpat <> Yang mana karya-karya penulis drama Estonia dicetak dari 1810 hingga 1820? || <> Subjek apa yang ditulis oleh novel Kristjan Jaak Peterson? || <> Hari kelahiran siapa pada 13 Mac? || <> Hari apa hari Bapa Lidah? || <> Apa universiti yang ditolak Peterson? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which Estonian poet's works were printed from 1810 to 1820?", "id": "56e3c21939bdeb14003478ea", "answers": [{"text": "Kristjan Jaak Peterson", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What subjects were Kristjan Jaak Peterson poems on?", "id": "56e3c21939bdeb14003478eb", "answers": [{"text": "patriotic and philosophical", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Peterson born?", "id": "56e3c21939bdeb14003478ec", "answers": [{"text": "March 14", "answer_start": 401}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name given for Peterson's birthday?", "id": "56e3c21939bdeb14003478ed", "answers": [{"text": "Mother Tongue Day", "answer_start": 442}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What university did Peterson attend?", "id": "56e3c21939bdeb14003478ee", "answers": [{"text": "German-language University of Dorpat", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kristjan Jaak Peterson", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "Which Estonian playwright works were printed from 1810 to 1820?", "id": "5acd30aa07355d001abf3890", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "patriotic and philosophical", "answer_start": 69}], "question": " What subjects were Kristjan Jaak Peterson novels on?", "id": "5acd30aa07355d001abf3891", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kristjan Jaak Peterson", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "Whose birthday is on March 13th? ", "id": "5acd30aa07355d001abf3892", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "March 14", "answer_start": 401}], "question": "What day is Father Tongue Day on?", "id": "5acd30aa07355d001abf3893", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "University of Dorpat", "answer_start": 209}], "question": " What university was Peterson rejected from?", "id": "5acd30aa07355d001abf3894", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem \"Kuu\" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:"}], ["Apabila Estonia diserang dan diduduki oleh Kesatuan Soviet dalam Perang Dunia II, status bahasa Estonia berubah menjadi yang pertama dari dua bahasa rasmi (bahasa Rusia yang lain). Seperti Latvia banyak pendatang memasuki Estonia di bawah semangat Soviet. Pada separuh kedua tahun 1970-an, tekanan bilingualisme (untuk Estonians) dipergiat, mengakibatkan pengetahuan meluas Rusia di seluruh negara. Bahasa Rusia dipanggil sebagai 'bahasa persahabatan bangsa' dan diajar kepada anak-anak Estonia, kadang-kadang seawal tadika. Walaupun pengajaran Bahasa Estonia kepada bukan-Estonia di sekolah adalah wajib, praktik pembelajaran bahasa sering dianggap tidak perlu. <> Apa yang berlaku di Estonia semasa Perang Dunia II? || menyerang dan menduduki <> Siapa yang menyerang Estonia? || Soviet Union <> Selepas pencerobohan Soviet apa bahasa lain menjadi bahasa rasmi kedua bahasa Estonia? || Rusia <> Apakah negara lain dengan corak imigresen yang sama untuk menyiarkan Estonia Estonia? || Latvia <> Apa yang menjadi lebih sengit pada tahun 1970-an di Estonia? || tekanan kedoktoran <> Apa negara yang tidak menduduki Estonia? || <> Apa yang berlaku di Estonia semasa WWI dari Kesatuan Soviet? || <> Apa yang menjadi lebih sengit pada awal 1970-an di Estonia? || <> Apakah bahasa ketiga Estonia? || <> Bahasa apa istilah \"bahasa bangsa musuh\"? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What happened to Estonia during WWII?", "id": "56e3c5ce8c00841900fbaeed", "answers": [{"text": "invaded and occupied", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who invaded Estonia?", "id": "56e3c5ce8c00841900fbaeee", "answers": [{"text": "Soviet Union", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After the Soviet invasion what other language became the second official Estonian language?", "id": "56e3c5ce8c00841900fbaeef", "answers": [{"text": "Russian", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was another country with similar immigration patterns to post Soviet Estonia?", "id": "56e3c5ce8c00841900fbaef0", "answers": [{"text": "Latvia", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What became more intense in the 1970's in Estonia?", "id": "56e3c5ce8c00841900fbaef1", "answers": [{"text": "pressure of bilingualism", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet Union", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "What country did not occupy Estonia? ", "id": "5acd328807355d001abf38e6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "invaded and occupied", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "What happened to Estonia during WWI from the Soviet Union?", "id": "5acd328807355d001abf38e7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pressure of bilingualism", "answer_start": 301}], "question": " What became more intense in the early 1970's in Estonia?", "id": "5acd328807355d001abf38e8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian", "answer_start": 392}], "question": "What is the third language of Estonia? ", "id": "5acd328807355d001abf38e9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian", "answer_start": 428}], "question": "What language was terms the \"language of enemy nations\"?", "id": "5acd328807355d001abf38ea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as \u2018the language of friendship of nations\u2019 and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary."}], ["Sistem lisan tidak mempunyai tegang masa depan yang tersendiri (tense sekarang berfungsi di sini) dan mempunyai bentuk khas untuk menyatakan tindakan yang dilakukan oleh subjek yang tidak ditentukan (yang \"tidak perseorangan\"). <> Dari sistem apa yang kekurangan tegang masa depan yang tersendiri? || sistem lisan <> Apa yang digunakan di tempat tegang masa depan? || sekarang tegang <> Apa gunanya Estonia untuk menunjukkan tindakan yang dilakukan oleh subjek yang belum ditetapkan? || bentuk khas <> Dari sistem apa yang menjadi tegang masa depan yang menonjol? || <> Apa yang digunakan di tempat tegang masa lalu? || <> Apa gunanya Estonia untuk menunjukkan tindakan yang dilakukan oleh subjek yang ditentukan? || <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh subjek yang belum ditentukan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "From what system is a distinctive future tense lacking?", "id": "56e432a68c00841900fbaf39", "answers": [{"text": "verbal system", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is used in place of the future tense?", "id": "56e432a68c00841900fbaf3a", "answers": [{"text": "present tense", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Estonian use to show actions performed by an undecided subject?", "id": "56e432a68c00841900fbaf3b", "answers": [{"text": "special forms", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "verbal system", "answer_start": 4}], "question": " From what system is a distinctive future tense prominent?", "id": "5acd43ca07355d001abf3b2a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "future tense", "answer_start": 38}], "question": "What is used in place of the past tense?", "id": "5acd43ca07355d001abf3b2b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "special forms", "answer_start": 96}], "question": "What does Estonian use to show actions performed by an determined subject?", "id": "5acd43ca07355d001abf3b2c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "impersonal", "answer_start": 174}], "question": "What is performed by the undetermined subject?", "id": "5acd43ca07355d001abf3b2d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The verbal system lacks a distinctive future tense (the present tense serves here) and features special forms to express an action performed by an undetermined subject (the \"impersonal\")."}], ["Secara tipikal, bahasa Estonia mewakili bentuk peralihan dari bahasa agglutinating ke bahasa fusional. Perintah perkataan kanonik adalah SVO (subject-verb-object). <> Apakah bentuk tipologi bahasa Estonia? || peralihan <> Apakah peralihan Estonia dari typology? || bahasa agglutinating <> Bentuk apa bentuk yang ditransmisikan ke Estonia? || bahasa fusional <> Bagaimana perkataan yang diperintahkan dalam bahasa Estonia secara kanonik? || subjek-kata kerja-objek <> Apa bentuk tatabahasa Estonia? || <> Bentuk apa bentuk bahasa Estonia yang bergerak dari? || <> Apakah urutan perkataan yang tidak betul dalam bahasa Estonia secara kanonik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the typological form of Estonian?", "id": "56e4300a8c00841900fbaf25", "answers": [{"text": "transitional", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Estonian typologically transitioning from?", "id": "56e4300a8c00841900fbaf26", "answers": [{"text": "an agglutinating language", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of form is Estonian transitioning into?", "id": "56e4300a8c00841900fbaf27", "answers": [{"text": "a fusional language", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are words ordered in Estonian canonically?", "id": "56e4300a8c00841900fbaf28", "answers": [{"text": "subject\u2013verb\u2013object", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "agglutinating language", "answer_start": 63}], "question": " What is not the typological form of Estonian?", "id": "5acd412607355d001abf3a8b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fusional language", "answer_start": 91}], "question": " What sort of form is Estonian moving away from into?", "id": "5acd412607355d001abf3a8c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "subject\u2013verb\u2013object", "answer_start": 143}], "question": "What is the incorrect order of words in Estonian canonically?", "id": "5acd412607355d001abf3a8d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject\u2013verb\u2013object)."}], ["Objek langsung kata kerja muncul sama ada dalam akusatif (untuk objek total) atau dalam partitif (untuk objek separa). Tuduhan bersamaan dengan genitif dalam bentuk tunggal dan dengan nominatif dalam bentuk jamak. Pembentangan vs perseorangan kes partitif objek yang digunakan dengan kata kerja transitif mewujudkan kontras telicity, seperti dalam bahasa Finland. Ini bersamaan kasar dengan pembangkang aspek yang sempurna dan tidak sempurna. <> Apa bahasa lain mempunyai kontras telicity? || Bahasa Finland <> Selain akusatif, di manakah objek langsung kata kerja dapat dijumpai? || partitif <> Apakah akusatif yang digunakan untuk? || jumlah objek <> Bahasa apa yang tidak mempunyai kontras telicity? || <> Di manakah objek langsung kata nama dijumpai? || <> Mengapa akusatif ditolak? || <> Apa contoh objek separa? || <> Apa kata nama transitif dibuat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What other language has a telicity contrast?", "id": "56e431f98c00841900fbaf33", "answers": [{"text": "Finnish", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from the accusative, where can the direct object of the verb be found?", "id": "56e431f98c00841900fbaf34", "answers": [{"text": "partitive", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the accusative used for?", "id": "56e431f98c00841900fbaf35", "answers": [{"text": "total objects", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Finnish", "answer_start": 342}], "question": "What language does not have a telicity contrast?", "id": "5acd435307355d001abf3b04", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "partitive", "answer_start": 235}], "question": "Where can the direct object of the noun be found?", "id": "5acd435307355d001abf3b05", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "total objects", "answer_start": 68}], "question": " Why is the accusative rejected?", "id": "5acd435307355d001abf3b06", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "imperfective aspect opposition", "answer_start": 400}], "question": "What is an example of a partial object?", "id": "5acd435307355d001abf3b07", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "telicity contrast", "answer_start": 312}], "question": "What does a transitive noun create?", "id": "5acd435307355d001abf3b08", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity contrast, just as in Finnish. This is a rough equivalent of the perfective vs. imperfective aspect opposition."}], ["Selalunya 'b' & 'p' boleh ditukar ganti, contohnya 'bagasi' menjadi 'pagas', 'lob' (membuang) menjadi 'loopima'. Huruf awal 'sering dijatuhkan, contohnya' skool 'menjadi' kool ',' bangku 'menjadi' alat '. <> Apa dua huruf yang boleh diganti dengan satu sama lain banyak masa dalam bahasa Estonia? || 'b' & 'p' <> Apa yang berlaku dalam banyak kes apabila perkataan bermula dengan 's'? || Huruf awal 'sering dijatuhkan <> Dalam contoh menggantikan' b 'dengan' p 'bagaimanakah' bagasi 'diucapkan? || pagas <> Apa dua huruf tidak boleh diganti dengan satu sama lain dalam bahasa Estonia? || <> Apa yang berlaku kepada huruf pertama apabila perkataan bermula dengan 'L'? || <> Dalam contoh penggantian 'dengan' g 'bagaimanakah' bagasi 'diucapkan? || <> Kata apa yang Alat menjadi apabila anda menggunakan peraturan yang boleh ditukar ganti? || <> Kata apa yang menjadi Loopima apabila anda menggugurkan surat yang sesuai? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What two letters can be replaced with each other a lot of the time in Estonian?", "id": "56e43b098c00841900fbaf49", "answers": [{"text": "'b' & 'p'", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happens in many cases when a word starts with an 's'?", "id": "56e43b098c00841900fbaf4a", "answers": [{"text": "The initial letter 's' is often dropped", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In an example of replacing 'b' with 'p' how is 'baggage' pronounced?", "id": "56e43b098c00841900fbaf4b", "answers": [{"text": "pagas", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "'b' & 'p'", "answer_start": 6}], "question": "What two letters can never be replaced with each other in Estonian?", "id": "5acd465c07355d001abf3bae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "often dropped", "answer_start": 138}], "question": " What happens to the first letter when a word starts with an 'L'?", "id": "5acd465c07355d001abf3baf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pagas", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "In an example of replacing 's' with 'g' how is 'baggage' pronounced?", "id": "5acd465c07355d001abf3bb0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "stool", "answer_start": 190}], "question": "What word does Tool become when you apply the interchangeable rule?", "id": "5acd465c07355d001abf3bb1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lob", "answer_start": 77}], "question": "What word does Loopima become when you drop the appropriate letter?", "id": "5acd465c07355d001abf3bb2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Often 'b' & 'p' are interchangeable, for example 'baggage' becomes 'pagas', 'lob' (to throw) becomes 'loopima'. The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'."}], ["Ortografi Estonian moden didasarkan pada Orthography yang lebih baru yang dicipta oleh Eduard Ahrens pada separuh kedua abad ke-19 berdasarkan ortografi Finland. Orthography Lama yang digantikannya dicipta pada abad ke-17 oleh Bengt Gottfried Forselius dan Johann Hornung berdasarkan ortografi Jerman standard. Penulisan terdahulu dalam bahasa Estonia telah dan besar menggunakan orthography ad hoc berdasarkan bahasa Latin dan Middle orthography rendah. Beberapa pengaruh ortografi Jerman standard - sebagai contoh, menulis 'W' / 'w' dan bukannya 'V' / 'v' bertahan dengan baik pada tahun 1930-an. <> Dalam apa Orthagraphy yang ortografi Estonian Moden mempunyai asasnya? || Orthography yang lebih baru <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab untuk penciptaan Orthografi yang Lebih Baru? || Eduard Ahrens <> Dalam abad apakah Orthografi yang lebih baru dicipta? || Abad ke-19 <> Sebelum Orthografi yang lebih baru apakah ortografi yang ada? || Orthography Lama <> Daripada apa ortografi negara lain yang telah Orthogram Lama mendapatkan asasnya? || ortografi Jerman standard <> Dalam apa Orthagraphy tidak ortografi Estonian Moden menolak? || <> Bilakah Eduard Ahrens dilahirkan? || <> Bilakah Eduard Ahrens mati? || <> Bilakah Orthografi Baru berakhir? || <> Bilakah ortografi Jerman berhenti berpengaruh? ||", {"qas": [{"question": " In what Orthagraphy does Modern Estonian orthography have its basis?", "id": "56e42e3739bdeb140034791c", "answers": [{"text": "Newer Orthography", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is responsible for the creation of the Newer Orthography?", "id": "56e42e3739bdeb140034791d", "answers": [{"text": "Eduard Ahrens", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century was the Newer Orthography created?", "id": "56e42e3739bdeb140034791e", "answers": [{"text": "19th century", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Previous to the Newer Orthography what orthography was in place?", "id": "56e42e3739bdeb140034791f", "answers": [{"text": "Older Orthography", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what other country's orthography did the Older Orthography get its basis?", "id": "56e42e3739bdeb1400347920", "answers": [{"text": "standard German orthography", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Newer Orthography", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "In what Orthagraphy does Modern Estonian orthography reject?", "id": "5acd401307355d001abf3a52", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "19th century", "answer_start": 113}], "question": "When was Eduard Ahrens born? ", "id": "5acd401307355d001abf3a53", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "19th century", "answer_start": 113}], "question": "When did Eduard Ahrens die?", "id": "5acd401307355d001abf3a54", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "19th century", "answer_start": 113}], "question": "When did Newer Orthography end? ", "id": "5acd401307355d001abf3a55", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1930s", "answer_start": 555}], "question": "When did German orthography stop being influential?", "id": "5acd401307355d001abf3a56", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writing in Estonian had by and large used an ad hoc orthography based on Latin and Middle Low German orthography. Some influences of the standard German orthography \u2014 for example, writing 'W'/'w' instead of 'V'/'v' persisted well into the 1930s."}], ["Walaupun bahasa Estonia dan Jerman berasal dari bahasa yang sangat berbeza, seseorang dapat mengenal pasti banyak perkataan serupa dalam Bahasa Estonia dan Bahasa Inggeris, contohnya. Ini terutamanya kerana bahasa Estonia telah meminjam hampir satu pertiga dari perbendaharaan kata mereka dari bahasa Jerman, terutamanya dari Low Saxon (Middle Low German) semasa tempoh pemerintahan Jerman, dan High German (termasuk bahasa Jerman). Peratusan perkataan pinjaman Saxon Rendah dan Tinggi Jerman boleh dianggarkan pada 22-25 peratus, dengan Low Saxon membentuk kira-kira 15 peratus. [Rujukan?] <> Dekat dengan 33 peratus perbendaharaan bahasa Estonia adalah kumpulan bahasa apa? || Bahasa Jermanik <> Apakah bahasa Jerman utama yang Estonia mendapat bahagian perbendaharaan kata Jerman? || Saxon Rendah <> Bilakah rendah Saxon membuat penampilannya sebagai sebahagian daripada bahasa Estonia? || semasa tempoh pemerintahan Jerman <> Dari apa bahasa Jermanik lain yang berbahasa Estonia membiak kosa kata mereka? || Bahasa Jerman Tinggi <> Standard German adalah sebahagian daripada bahasa Jermanik? || Bahasa Jerman Tinggi <> Bahasa apa bahasa Estonia mempunyai asal yang sangat dekat? || <> Bilakah Saxon Rendah berhenti menjadi sebahagian daripada bahasa Estonia? || <> Daripada bahasa bukan bahasa Jerman apakah bahasa Estonia berasal dari perbendaharaan kata? || <> Jerman bukan bahasa Jerman adalah sebahagian daripada bahasa Jermanik? || <> Kurang daripada 30 peratus perbendaharaan bahasa Estonia adalah milik kumpulan bahasa apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Close to 33 percent of Estonian's vocabulary belong to what group of languages?", "id": "56e43a6e8c00841900fbaf3f", "answers": [{"text": "Germanic languages", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the main Germanic language from which Estonia gets the Germanic portion of its vocabulary?", "id": "56e43a6e8c00841900fbaf40", "answers": [{"text": "Low Saxon", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Low Saxon make its appearance as part of the Estonian language?", "id": "56e43a6e8c00841900fbaf41", "answers": [{"text": "during the period of German rule", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what other Germanic language does Estonian derive its vocabulary?", "id": "56e43a6e8c00841900fbaf42", "answers": [{"text": "High German", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Standard German is part of what Germanic language?", "id": "56e43a6e8c00841900fbaf43", "answers": [{"text": "High German", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Germanic", "answer_start": 26}], "question": "What language does Estonian have very close origins with? ", "id": "5acd45d907355d001abf3b9a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "during the period of German rule", "answer_start": 313}], "question": "When did Low Saxon stop being part of the Estonian language?", "id": "5acd45d907355d001abf3b9b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 128}], "question": "From what non-Germanic language does Estonian derive its vocabulary?", "id": "5acd45d907355d001abf3b9c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "High German", "answer_start": 351}], "question": "Non-Standard German is part of what Germanic language?", "id": "5acd45d907355d001abf3b9d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Germanic languages", "answer_start": 26}], "question": "Less than 30 percent of Estonian's vocabulary belong to what group of languages?", "id": "5acd45d907355d001abf3b9e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during the period of German rule, and High German (including standard German). The percentage of Low Saxon and High German loanwords can be estimated at 22\u201325 percent, with Low Saxon making up about 15 percent.[citation needed]"}], ["Perlu diingat bahawa kata-kata dan nama bahasa Estonia yang dipetik dalam penerbitan antarabangsa dari sumber-sumber Soviet seringkali kembali transliterasi dari transliterasi Rusia. Contohnya adalah penggunaan \"ya\" untuk \"\u00e4\" (misalnya Pyarnu dan bukannya P\u00e4rnu), \"y\" bukan \"\u00f5\" (misalnya, Pylva bukan P\u00f5lva) dan \"yu\" bukan \"\u00fc\" daripada P\u00fcssi). Malah di Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, seseorang dapat mencari \"ostrov Khiuma\", di mana \"ostrov\" bermaksud \"pulau\" dalam bahasa Rusia dan \"Khiuma\" adalah transliterasi semula daripada Rusia dan bukannya \"Hiiumaa\" (Hiiumaa> \u0425\u0438\u0443\u043c\u0430 (a)> Khiuma). <> Dalam penerbitan antarabangsa Soviet apa transliterasi bahasa adalah kata-kata dan nama-nama bahasa Estonia yang sering kembali transliterasi dari? || Bahasa Rusia <> Apa ensiklopedia yang terkenal mengandungi transliterasi Bahasa Estonia kembali? || Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica <> Apakah transliterasi belakang Rusia dari Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica? || \"ostrov Khiuma\" <> Apa ensiklopedia yang terkenal mengandungi transliterasi Bahasa Estonia semula? || <> Apakah transliterasi Bahasa Estonia dari Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica? || <> Apakah terjemahan bahasa Estonia dari ostrov? || <> Apakah terjemahan bahasa Estonia dari Khiuma? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In Soviet international publications what language's transliteration are Estonian words and names often back-transliterations from?", "id": "56e42f658c00841900fbaf1f", "answers": [{"text": "Russian", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What famous encyclopedia contains a Russian back-transliteration of Estonian?", "id": "56e42f658c00841900fbaf20", "answers": [{"text": "Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Russian back-transliteration from Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica?", "id": "56e42f658c00841900fbaf21", "answers": [{"text": "\"ostrov Khiuma\"", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica", "answer_start": 360}], "question": "What famous encyclopedia contains a Estonian back-transliteration of Russian?", "id": "5acd40ec07355d001abf3a7a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ostrov Khiuma", "answer_start": 398}], "question": "What is the Estonian back-transliteration from Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica?", "id": "5acd40ec07355d001abf3a7b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "island", "answer_start": 436}], "question": "What is the Estonian translation of ostrov?", "id": "5acd40ec07355d001abf3a7c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hiiumaa", "answer_start": 517}], "question": "What is the Estonian translation of Khiuma?", "id": "5acd40ec07355d001abf3a7d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of \"ya\" for \"\u00e4\" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of P\u00e4rnu), \"y\" instead of \"\u00f5\" (e.g., Pylva instead of P\u00f5lva) and \"yu\" instead of \"\u00fc\" (e.g., Pyussi instead of P\u00fcssi). Even in the Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica one can find \"ostrov Khiuma\", where \"ostrov\" means \"island\" in Russian and \"Khiuma\" is back-transliteration from Russian instead of \"Hiiumaa\" (Hiiumaa > \u0425\u0438\u0439\u0443\u043c\u0430(\u0430) > Khiuma)."}], ["Seperti bahasa Finland, Estonia menggunakan skrip Latin sebagai asas untuk abjadnya, yang menambah huruf \u00e4, \u00f6, \u00fc, dan \u00f5, ditambah dengan penambahan kemudian \u0161 dan \u017e. Huruf c, q, w, x dan y adalah terhad kepada nama asal yang sesuai, dan f, z, \u0161, dan \u017e muncul dalam perkataan pinjaman dan nama asing sahaja. \u00d6 dan \u00fc diucapkan sama dengan kesamaan mereka dalam bahasa Sweden dan Jerman. Tidak seperti Jerman biasa tetapi seperti Finland dan Sweden (apabila diikuti oleh 'r'), \u00c4 disebut [\u00e6], seperti dalam bahasa Inggeris mat. Vokal \u00c4, \u00d6 dan \u00dc adalah fonem yang jelas dan wujud dalam bahasa Estonia, walaupun bentuk huruf berasal dari bahasa Jerman. Huruf \u00f5 menunjukan / \u0264 /, tidak dikelilingi / o /, atau vokal dekat belakang yang tidak dikelilingi. Ia hampir sama dengan Bulgarian / / \u0264\u031e / dan Vietnam \u01a1, dan digunakan untuk menyalin bahasa Rusia. <> Dari skrip apa bahasa Estonia mendapatkan abjadnya? || Latin <> Apakah bahasa lain yang menggunakan bahasa Latin untuk abjadnya? || Finland <> Dalam bahasa Estonia bagaimana huruf A diucapkan? || [\u00e6], seperti bahasa inggris mat <> Dari skrip apa bahasa Swedia dapat abjadnya? || <> Daripada skrip apa bahasa Jerman mendapat abjad? || <> Vokal apa yang tidak memisahkan fonem? || <> Surat apa yang tidak terhad kepada nama asal yang betul? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "From what script does the Estonian language get its alphabet?", "id": "56e42a7f8c00841900fbaf19", "answers": [{"text": "Latin", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another language that uses Latin for its alphabet?", "id": "56e42a7f8c00841900fbaf1a", "answers": [{"text": "Finnish", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the Estonian language how is the letter A pronounced?", "id": "56e42a7f8c00841900fbaf1b", "answers": [{"text": "[\u00e6], as in English mat", "answer_start": 463}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Latin", "answer_start": 35}], "question": " From what script does the Swedish language get its alphabet?", "id": "5acd3eba07355d001abf3a12", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Latin", "answer_start": 35}], "question": " From what script does the German language get its alphabet?", "id": "5acd3eba07355d001abf3a13", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u00c4, \u00d6 and \u00dc", "answer_start": 498}], "question": "What vowels are not separate phonemes?", "id": "5acd3eba07355d001abf3a14", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "c, q, w, x and y", "answer_start": 164}], "question": "What letters are not limited to proper names of foreign origin?", "id": "5acd3eba07355d001abf3a15", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters \u00e4, \u00f6, \u00fc, and \u00f5, plus the later additions \u0161 and \u017e. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, \u0161, and \u017e appear in loanwords and foreign names only. \u00d6 and \u00fc are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), \u00c4 is pronounced [\u00e6], as in English mat. The vowels \u00c4, \u00d6 and \u00dc are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter \u00f5 denotes /\u0264/, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian \u044a /\u0264\u031e/ and the Vietnamese \u01a1, and is used to transcribe the Russian \u044b."}], ["Dalam Bahasa Estonia, kata nama dan kata ganti tidak mempunyai jenis kelamin tatabahasa, tetapi kata nama dan kata sifat menurun dalam empat belas kes: nominatif, genitive, partitif, ilmiah, abstrak, abstrak, abstrak, abstrak, translatif, terminatif, dengan kes dan bilangan kata sifat (s) sentiasa bersetuju dengan kata nama (kecuali dalam terminatif, essif, abessive dan komitatif, di mana terdapat persetujuan hanya untuk nombor, kata sifat berada dalam bentuk genitif). Oleh itu, illustrated untuk kollane maja (\"rumah kuning\") adalah kollasesse majja (\"ke dalam rumah kuning\"), tetapi istilah itu adalah kollase majani (\"sejauh rumah kuning\"). Berkenaan dengan bahasa Proto-Finnic, elision telah berlaku; Oleh itu, penanda kes sebenar mungkin tidak hadir, tetapi batangnya ditukar, cf. maja - majja dan dialek Pohjanmaa dari maja - majahan Finland. <> Bahasa apa yang tidak mempunyai kata nama gender dan kata ganti? || Estonia <> Dalam kes nominal, genitive, partitif, ilatif, tidak senonoh, elatif, allatif, adjektif, ablatif, dan transliterasi yang selalu bersetuju dengan kata nama dalam bilangan dan kes? || kata sifat <> Bahasa apa bergantung kepada kata nama gender dan kata ganti? || <> Dalam kes nominatif apa yang tidak sependapat dengan kata nama dalam bilangan dan kes? || <> Apakah \"rumah kuning\" dalam Bahasa Finland? || <> Berapa banyak kes pada kata kerja menurun? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What language lacks gendered nouns and pronouns?", "id": "56e431558c00841900fbaf2e", "answers": [{"text": "Estonian", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative cases what always agrees with the noun in number and case?", "id": "56e431558c00841900fbaf2f", "answers": [{"text": "adjectives", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Estonian", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "What language relies on gendered nouns and pronouns?", "id": "5acd427d07355d001abf3ade", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "adjective", "answer_start": 300}], "question": "In nominative cases what never agrees with the noun in number and case?", "id": "5acd427d07355d001abf3adf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "kollane maja", "answer_start": 523}], "question": "What is \"a yellow house\" in Finnish? ", "id": "5acd427d07355d001abf3ae0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fourteen", "answer_start": 100}], "question": "How many cases to verbs decline?", "id": "5acd427d07355d001abf3ae1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always agreeing with that of the noun (except in the terminative, essive, abessive and comitative, where there is agreement only for the number, the adjective being in the genitive form). Thus the illative for kollane maja (\"a yellow house\") is kollasesse majja (\"into a yellow house\"), but the terminative is kollase majani (\"as far as a yellow house\"). With respect to the Proto-Finnic language, elision has occurred; thus, the actual case marker may be absent, but the stem is changed, cf. maja \u2013 majja and the Pohjanmaa dialect of Finnish maja \u2013 majahan."}], ["Walaupun ortografi Estonia biasanya dipandu oleh prinsip-prinsip fonemik, dengan setiap grapema sepadan dengan satu fonem, terdapat beberapa penyimpangan sejarah dan morfologi dari ini: contohnya pemeliharaan morfem dalam penguraian perkataan (menulis b, g, d di tempat-tempat di mana p, k, t diucapkan) dan dalam penggunaan 'i' dan 'j'. [klarifikasi diperlukan] Di mana ia sangat tidak praktikal atau mustahil untuk menaip \u0161 dan \u017e, mereka diganti dengan sh dan zh dalam beberapa teks bertulis, walaupun ini dianggap salah. Jika tidak, h dalam sh mewakili suatu glikal yang tidak bersuara, seperti dalam Pasha (pas-ha); ini juga berlaku untuk beberapa nama asing. <> Prinsip apa yang biasanya mengawal ortografi Estonia? || prinsip fonemik <> Kepada berapa banyak fonem yang masing-masing sesuai dengan grapheme? || satu <> Apakah jenis penyimpangan yang ada dari fonem tunggal untuk setiap prinsip umum graf? || beberapa penyimpangan bersejarah dan morfologi <> Pada masa-masa apakah \u0161 dan \u017e digantikan dengan sh dan zh? || Di mana ia sangat tidak praktikal atau mustahil untuk menaip \u0161 dan \u017e <> Apakah satu contoh perkataan yang mengandungi frikatif glottal tanpa suara? || Pasha (pas-ha) <> Prinsip apa yang tidak pernah mengawal ortografi Estonia? || <> Pada masa-masa apakah \u0161 dan \u017e diganti dengan ch dan zu? || <> Apakah contoh perkataan yang tidak mengandungi frasa yang tidak bersuara? || <> Nama-nama asing tidak dipertimbangkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What principles usually govern the Estonian orthography?", "id": "56e42c8439bdeb1400347912", "answers": [{"text": "phonemic principles", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To how many phoneme's does each grapheme correspond?", "id": "56e42c8439bdeb1400347913", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of deviations are there from the single phoneme to each grapheme general principle?", "id": "56e42c8439bdeb1400347914", "answers": [{"text": "some historical and morphological deviations", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what occasions are \u0161 and \u017e replaced with sh and zh?", "id": "56e42c8439bdeb1400347915", "answers": [{"text": "Where it is very impractical or impossible to type \u0161 and \u017e", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of a word containing a voiceless glottal fricative?", "id": "56e42c8439bdeb1400347916", "answers": [{"text": "Pasha (pas-ha)", "answer_start": 598}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "phonemic principles", "answer_start": 57}], "question": " What principles never govern the Estonian orthography?", "id": "5acd3fbb07355d001abf3a42", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Where it is very impractical or impossible to type \u0161 and \u017e", "answer_start": 369}], "question": "On what occasions are \u0161 and \u017e replaced with ch and zu?", "id": "5acd3fbb07355d001abf3a43", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pasha", "answer_start": 598}], "question": " What is an example of a word not containing a voiceless glottal fricative?", "id": "5acd3fbb07355d001abf3a44", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "voiceless glottal fricative", "answer_start": 563}], "question": "Foreign names are not considered what? ", "id": "5acd3fbb07355d001abf3a45", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and in the use of 'i' and 'j'.[clarification needed] Where it is very impractical or impossible to type \u0161 and \u017e, they are substituted with sh and zh in some written texts, although this is considered incorrect. Otherwise, the h in sh represents a voiceless glottal fricative, as in Pasha (pas-ha); this also applies to some foreign names."}], ["Perancang bahasa Estonia seperti Ado Grenzstein (seorang wartawan yang aktif di Estonia pada tahun 1870-an-90an) cuba menggunakan formasi ex nihilo, Ursch\u00f6pfung; iaitu mereka membuat kata-kata baru dari apa-apa. <> Siapa wartawan yang juga seorang perancang bahasa? || Ado Grenzstein <> Dalam berapa tahun Ado Grenzstein melakukan kewartawanan di Estonia? || 1870s-90s <> Apa istilah lain untuk membuat kata-kata dari apa-apa? || pembentukan ex nihilo <> Siapa dalam perancangan bahasa mereka cuba menggunakan teknik ex ex nihilo? || Ado Grenzstein <> Siapa wartawan itu enggan menjadi perancang bahasa? || <> Dalam berapa tahun Ado Grenzstein melakukan kewartawanan di Jerman? || <> Bilakah Ado Grenzstein dilahirkan? || <> Bilakah Ado Grenzstein mati? || <> Apa kata untuk membuat kata-kata baru daripada kata-kata yang lama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the journalist who was also a language planner?", "id": "56e43be78c00841900fbaf4f", "answers": [{"text": "Ado Grenzstein", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what years did Ado Grenzstein do journalism work in Estonia?", "id": "56e43be78c00841900fbaf50", "answers": [{"text": "1870s\u201390s", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another term for making up words from nothing?", "id": "56e43be78c00841900fbaf51", "answers": [{"text": "formation ex nihilo", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who in the course of their language planning attempted to use the formation ex nihilo technique?", "id": "56e43be78c00841900fbaf52", "answers": [{"text": "Ado Grenzstein", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ado Grenzstein", "answer_start": 35}], "question": " Who was the journalist refused to be a language planner?", "id": "5acd469e07355d001abf3bb8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1870s\u201390s", "answer_start": 89}], "question": " In what years did Ado Grenzstein do journalism work in Germany?", "id": "5acd469e07355d001abf3bb9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1870s", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "When was Ado Grenzstein born?", "id": "5acd469e07355d001abf3bba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1870s", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "When did Ado Grenzstein die?", "id": "5acd469e07355d001abf3bbb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ursch\u00f6pfung", "answer_start": 134}], "question": "What is the word for creating new words out of old words?", "id": "5acd469e07355d001abf3bbc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein (a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s\u201390s) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Ursch\u00f6pfung; i.e. they created new words out of nothing."}], ["Kebanyakan duit syiling yang telah dipertimbangkan (selalunya oleh Aavik sendiri) sebagai kata-kata yang dibuat oleh ex nihilo mungkin telah dipengaruhi oleh barang-barang leksikal asing, contohnya kata-kata dari Rusia, Jerman, Perancis, Finlandia, Inggeris dan Sweden. Aavik mempunyai pendidikan klasik yang luas dan tahu bahasa Yunani Kuno, Latin dan Perancis. Pertimbangkan kejahatan 'jenayah' berbanding kejahatan Inggeris atau tahunima 'untuk mengutuk, tidak setuju' tuomita Finland 'untuk mengutuk, untuk menilai' (Aavikisme ini muncul dalam kamus Aavik 1921). Kata-kata ini mungkin lebih baik dianggap sebagai manifestasi khas adaptasi morpho-phonemic dari item leksikal asing. <> Bahasa apa yang diketahui oleh Aavik? || Bahasa Yunani Kuno, Bahasa Latin dan Perancis <> Ketika kamus Aavik diterbitkan? || 1921 <> Apakah istilah lain untuk perkataan yang dibuat oleh Aavik? || Aavikisms <> Daripada dicipta daripada apa-apa istilah ex nihilo Aavik dianggap benar-benar mungkin telah dipengaruhi oleh apa? || barang leksikal asing <> Bahasa apa yang dibuat oleh Aavik? || <> Bila kamus Aavik dimusnahkan? || <> Apa istilah lain untuk perkataan Aavik dimusnahkan? || <> Syarat ex nihilo Aavik tidak dipengaruhi oleh apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What languages did Aavik know?", "id": "56e43df08c00841900fbaf61", "answers": [{"text": "Ancient Greek, Latin and French", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Aavik's dictionary published?", "id": "56e43df08c00841900fbaf62", "answers": [{"text": "1921", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another term for words created by Aavik?", "id": "56e43df08c00841900fbaf63", "answers": [{"text": "Aavikisms", "answer_start": 449}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Instead of being created from nothing Aavik's ex nihilo terms are thought to actually possibly have been influenced by what?", "id": "56e43df08c00841900fbaf64", "answers": [{"text": "foreign lexical items", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ancient Greek, Latin and French", "answer_start": 284}], "question": "What languages did Aavik create?", "id": "5acd477107355d001abf3bf0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1921", "answer_start": 477}], "question": " When was Aavik's dictionary destroyed?", "id": "5acd477107355d001abf3bf1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "morpho-phonemic", "answer_start": 563}], "question": " What is another term for words Aavik destroyed?", "id": "5acd477107355d001abf3bf2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "foreign lexical item", "answer_start": 595}], "question": "Aavik's ex nihilo terms were not influenced by what?", "id": "5acd477107355d001abf3bf3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Many of the coinages that have been considered (often by Aavik himself) as words concocted ex nihilo could well have been influenced by foreign lexical items, for example words from Russian, German, French, Finnish, English and Swedish. Aavik had a broad classical education and knew Ancient Greek, Latin and French. Consider roim \u2018crime\u2019 versus English crime or taunima \u2018to condemn, disapprove\u2019 versus Finnish tuomita \u2018to condemn, to judge\u2019 (these Aavikisms appear in Aavik\u2019s 1921 dictionary). These words might be better regarded as a peculiar manifestation of morpho-phonemic adaptation of a foreign lexical item."}], ["Pembuat bahasa Estonia yang paling terkenal, Johannes Aavik (1880-1973) menggunakan ciptaan ex nihilo (contohnya 'pembinaan bebas', Tauli 1977), bersama dengan sumber pengayaan leksikal lain seperti derivasi, komposisi dan perkataan pinjaman (sering dari Finland; cf. Saareste dan Raun 1965: 76). Dalam kamus Aavik (1921), yang menyenaraikan kira-kira 4000 perkataan, terdapat banyak kata yang (didakwa) dibuat ex nihilo, banyak yang digunakan bersama hari ini. Contoh adalah <> Daripada semua pembaharu Bahasa Estonia yang paling terkenal? || Johannes Aavik <> Apa tempoh masa di mana Johannes Aavik masih hidup? || 1880-1973 <> Apa teknik Aavic digunakan untuk membuat kata-kata bahasa Estonia daripada apa-apa? || ciptaan ex nihilo <> Dalam penerbitan apa bolehkah contoh-contoh kata ex nihilo dijumpai? || Kamus Aavik <> Berapa banyak perkataan yang dibuat oleh Aavik dalam kamusnya? || kira-kira 4000 <> Daripada semua pembaharu Bahasa Estonia yang paling kurang dikenali? || <> Apakah jangka masa di mana Johannes Aavik tinggal di Jerman? || <> Apakah teknik Aavic digunakan untuk membuat kata-kata bahasa Estonia daripada perkataan lama? || <> Dalam penerbitan apa contoh contoh kata ex nihilo dihapuskan? || <> Kamus apa yang ada di bawah 3000 perkataan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Of all of Estonian's language reformers who is the most well known?", "id": "56e43d238c00841900fbaf57", "answers": [{"text": "Johannes Aavik", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the period of time in which Johannes Aavik was alive?", "id": "56e43d238c00841900fbaf58", "answers": [{"text": "1880\u20131973", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the technique Aavic used to create Estonian words out of nothing?", "id": "56e43d238c00841900fbaf59", "answers": [{"text": "creations ex nihilo", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what publication can examples of ex nihilo words be found?", "id": "56e43d238c00841900fbaf5a", "answers": [{"text": "Aavik\u2019s dictionary", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many words did Aavik put in his dictionary?", "id": "56e43d238c00841900fbaf5b", "answers": [{"text": "approximately 4000", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Johannes Aavik", "answer_start": 38}], "question": "Of all of Estonian's language reformers who is the least well known?", "id": "5acd46eb07355d001abf3bd6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1880\u20131973", "answer_start": 54}], "question": " What was the period of time in which Johannes Aavik lived in Germany?", "id": "5acd46eb07355d001abf3bd7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Aavik\u2019s dictionary", "answer_start": 283}], "question": "What is the technique Aavic used to create Estonian words out of old words?", "id": "5acd46eb07355d001abf3bd8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Aavik\u2019s dictionary", "answer_start": 283}], "question": " In what publication were examples of ex nihilo words eliminated?", "id": "5acd46eb07355d001abf3bd9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Aavik\u2019s dictionary", "answer_start": 283}], "question": "What dictionary has under 3000 words?", "id": "5acd46eb07355d001abf3bda", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880\u20131973), used creations ex nihilo (cf. \u2018free constructions\u2019, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf. Saareste and Raun 1965: 76). In Aavik\u2019s dictionary (1921), which lists approximately 4000 words, there are many words which were (allegedly) created ex nihilo, many of which are in common use today. Examples are"}]], [["Kertas yang dikitar semula boleh dibuat dari 100% bahan kitar semula atau dicampur dengan pulpa dara, walaupun mereka (secara amnya) tidak kuat atau cerah seperti kertas yang dibuat dari yang terakhir. <> Kertas recylced boleh dibuat dengan jenis pulpa baru? || dara <> Apakah satu-satunya kertas kitar semula yang boleh dibuat? || <> Jenis kertas apa yang lebih cerah? || <> Jenis kertas apa yang umumnya lebih kuat? || <> Jenis kertas apa yang boleh dibuat daripada 10% bahan kitar semula? || <> Apakah bahan kitar semula yang dicampur dengan membuatnya? || <> Kertas recylced boleh dibuat dengan apa jenis pulpa lama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Recylced papers can be made with what new type of pulp?", "id": "56e7521e37bdd419002c3e69", "answers": [{"text": "virgin", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "100% recycled materials", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "What is the only thing recycled papers can be made from?", "id": "5ad4fb9a5b96ef001a10a878", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Recycled", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What type of paper is generally brighter?", "id": "5ad4fb9a5b96ef001a10a879", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Recycled", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What type of paper is generally stronger?", "id": "5ad4fb9a5b96ef001a10a87a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Recycled", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What type of paper can be made from 10% recycled materials?", "id": "5ad4fb9a5b96ef001a10a87b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "virgin pulp", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "What are recycled materials blended with to make latter?", "id": "5ad4fb9a5b96ef001a10a87c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "virgin", "answer_start": 73}], "question": " Recylced papers can be made with what old type of pulp?", "id": "5ad68e7b191832001aa7b1cb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Recycled papers can be made from 100% recycled materials or blended with virgin pulp, although they are (generally) not as strong nor as bright as papers made from the latter."}], ["Selain serat, pulpa mungkin mengandungi pengisi seperti kapur atau tanah liat china, yang meningkatkan ciri-cirinya untuk mencetak atau menulis. Aditif bagi tujuan ukuran boleh dicampurkan dengannya dan / atau digunakan di web kertas kemudian dalam proses pembuatan; tujuan ukuran tersebut adalah untuk menubuhkan tahap penyerapan permukaan yang betul untuk disesuaikan dengan dakwat atau cat. <> Apa jenis tanah liat meningkatkan ciri-ciri pulpa yang digunakan dalam pembuatan kertas? || tanah liat china <> Apa yang ditambahkan untuk tujuan saiz? || Aditif <> Apa selain tanah liat china digunakan sebagai pengisi? || kapur <> Pulpa hanya mengandungi gentian dan tidak apa? || <> Apakah kapur, tanah liat china dan pulpa sebagai contoh? || <> Bilakah aditif untuk tujuan pulpa bercampur? || <> Tujuan apa yang berfungsi untuk mengisi pengisi? || <> Apa jenis tanah liat yang merosakkan ciri-ciri pulpa yang digunakan dalam pembuatan kertas? || <> Apa yang selain tanah liat china tidak digunakan sebagai pengisi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of clay improves the characteristics of the pulps used in papermaking?", "id": "56e753fb37bdd419002c3e81", "answers": [{"text": "china clay", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is added for sizing purposes?", "id": "56e753fb37bdd419002c3e82", "answers": [{"text": "Additives", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What besides china clay is used as a filler?", "id": "56e753fb37bdd419002c3e84", "answers": [{"text": "chalk", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fillers", "answer_start": 38}], "question": "Pulps only contain fibers and never what?", "id": "5ad4fd665b96ef001a10a8a0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fillers", "answer_start": 38}], "question": "What are chalk, china clay and pulp an example of?", "id": "5ad4fd665b96ef001a10a8a1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "later in the manufacturing process", "answer_start": 217}], "question": "When are additives for pulp purposes mixed?", "id": "5ad4fd665b96ef001a10a8a2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "correct level of surface absorbency to suit ink or paint.", "answer_start": 300}], "question": "What purposes does sizing the filler serve?", "id": "5ad4fd665b96ef001a10a8a3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "china clay", "answer_start": 63}], "question": "What type of clay damages the characteristics of the pulps used in papermaking?", "id": "5ad68ea8191832001aa7b1cd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "chalk", "answer_start": 54}], "question": " What besides china clay is not used as a filler?", "id": "5ad68ea8191832001aa7b1ce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Besides the fibres, pulps may contain fillers such as chalk or china clay, which improve its characteristics for printing or writing. Additives for sizing purposes may be mixed with it and/or applied to the paper web later in the manufacturing process; the purpose of such sizing is to establish the correct level of surface absorbency to suit ink or paint."}], ["Kertas adalah bahan nipis yang dihasilkan dengan menekan bersama-sama serat lembab pulpa selulosa yang berasal dari kayu, kain atau rumput, dan mengeringkannya ke dalam lembaran yang fleksibel. Ia adalah bahan serba boleh dengan banyak kegunaan, termasuk penulisan, percetakan, pembungkusan, pembersihan, dan beberapa proses perindustrian dan pembinaan. <> Apakah sumber zarah dalam kertas? || kayu <> Apakah kegunaan umum untuk kertas? || menulis <> Apakah langkah terakhir dalam pengeluaran kertas? || pengeringan <> Apakah bahan tebal yang dihasilkan dengan menekan serat selulosa? || <> Daripada apa jenis serat yang dibuat kain? || <> Apa yang gagal menjadi bahan serba boleh dan mempunyai beberapa kegunaan? || <> Bagaimana penulisan dihasilkan? || <> Apakah sumber untuk zarah bukan dalam kertas? || <> Apakah kegunaan biasa untuk kertas? || <> Apakah langkah terakhir dalam pengeluaran kayu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a source for the particles in paper?", "id": "56e678026fe0821900b8ea3b", "answers": [{"text": "wood", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a common use for paper?", "id": "56e678026fe0821900b8ea3c", "answers": [{"text": "writing", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the last step in paper production?", "id": "56e678026fe0821900b8ea3e", "answers": [{"text": "drying", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Paper", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is a thick material produced by pressing cellulose fibers?", "id": "5ad4df9a5b96ef001a10a4fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cellulose pulp", "answer_start": 71}], "question": "From what type of fibers are rags made?", "id": "5ad4df9a5b96ef001a10a4ff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Paper", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What fails to be a versatile material and has few uses?", "id": "5ad4df9a5b96ef001a10a500", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "How is writing produced?", "id": "5ad4df9a5b96ef001a10a501", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "wood", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "What is a source for the non-particles in paper?", "id": "5ad68c9d191832001aa7b185", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "writing", "answer_start": 213}], "question": " What is an uncommon use for paper?", "id": "5ad68c9d191832001aa7b186", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "drying", "answer_start": 126}], "question": " What is the last step in wood production?", "id": "5ad68c9d191832001aa7b187", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets. It is a versatile material with many uses, including writing, printing, packaging, cleaning, and a number of industrial and construction processes."}], ["Terdapat tiga proses pemolesan kimia utama: proses sulfite bermula pada tahun 1840-an dan ia merupakan tahap yang paling ketara sebelum perang dunia kedua. Proses kraft, yang dicipta pada tahun 1870-an dan mula digunakan pada tahun 1890-an, kini merupakan strategi yang paling kerap dipraktikkan, salah satu kelebihannya ialah reaksi kimia dengan lignin, yang menghasilkan panas, yang dapat digunakan untuk menjalankan generator. Operasi pulping yang paling banyak menggunakan proses kraft adalah penyumbang bersih ke grid elektrik atau menggunakan elektrik untuk menjalankan kilang kertas bersebelahan. Kelebihan lain adalah bahawa proses ini pulih dan menggunakan semula semua reagen kimia anorganik. Pulpa Soda adalah satu lagi proses khas yang digunakan untuk jerami pulpa, bagas dan kayu keras dengan kandungan silikat yang tinggi. <> Berapa banyak proses pulping kimia yang ada? || tiga <> Apa dekad yang berlaku untuk proses sulfite? || 1840s <> Proses apa yang paling biasa digunakan? || Proses kraft <> Apakah proses lain yang digunakan untuk jerami pulpa dengan kandungan silikat yang tinggi? || Soda pulping <> Berapa banyak proses pulping mekanikal wujud? || <> Apakah satu proses khusus yang digunakan untuk kilang kertas pulpa? || <> Apakah proses khusus yang digunakan untuk kayu keras dengan kandungan silikat yang tinggi? || <> Apakah satu proses khusus yang digunakan untuk bagasse? || <> Dicipta pada tahun 1870-an, ketika pemurnian soda digunakan dahulu? || <> Berapa banyak proses pulping bukan kimia di sana? || <> Apa dekad apa proses dihentikan? || <> Proses apa yang paling tidak biasa digunakan? || <> Apakah satu lagi proses yang digunakan untuk jerami pulpa dengan kandungan silikat yang rendah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many chemical pulping processes are there?", "id": "56e74eaf00c9c71400d76f80", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What decade does the sulfite process date to?", "id": "56e74eaf00c9c71400d76f81", "answers": [{"text": "1840s", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What process is most commonly used?", "id": "56e74eaf00c9c71400d76f82", "answers": [{"text": "The kraft process", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another process used to pulp straws with high silicate content?", "id": "56e74eaf00c9c71400d76f84", "answers": [{"text": "Soda pulping", "answer_start": 632}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "How many mechanical pulping processes exist?", "id": "5ad4fa485b96ef001a10a850", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soda pulping", "answer_start": 632}], "question": "What is a specialty process used to pulp paper mills?", "id": "5ad4fa485b96ef001a10a851", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soda pulping", "answer_start": 632}], "question": "What is a specialty process used to hardwoods with high silicate content?", "id": "5ad4fa485b96ef001a10a852", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soda pulping", "answer_start": 632}], "question": "What is a specialty process used to bagasse ?", "id": "5ad4fa485b96ef001a10a853", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1890s", "answer_start": 223}], "question": "Invented in the 1870s, when was soda pulping first used?", "id": "5ad4fa485b96ef001a10a854", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "How many non-chemical pulping processes are there?", "id": "5ad68dfd191832001aa7b1b7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1840s", "answer_start": 87}], "question": " What decade did the sulfite process stop?", "id": "5ad68dfd191832001aa7b1b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The kraft process", "answer_start": 160}], "question": " What process is least commonly used?", "id": "5ad68dfd191832001aa7b1b9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soda pulping", "answer_start": 632}], "question": "What is another process used to pulp straws with low silicate content?", "id": "5ad68dfd191832001aa7b1ba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There are three main chemical pulping processes: the sulfite process dates back to the 1840s and it was the dominant method extent before the second world war. The kraft process, invented in the 1870s and first used in the 1890s, is now the most commonly practiced strategy, one of its advantages is the chemical reaction with lignin, that produces heat, which can be used to run a generator. Most pulping operations using the kraft process are net contributors to the electricity grid or use the electricity to run an adjacent paper mill. Another advantage is that this process recovers and reuses all inorganic chemical reagents. Soda pulping is another specialty process used to pulp straws, bagasse and hardwoods with high silicate content."}], ["Pengetahuan dan penggunaannya tersebar dari China melalui Timur Tengah ke abad pertengahan di Eropa pada abad ke-13, dimana kilang kertas berkuasa air pertama dibina. Kerana pengenalan kertas ke Barat melalui kota Baghdad, ia pertama kali dipanggil bagdatikos. Pada abad ke-19, pembuatan industri sangat menurunkan kosnya, yang membolehkan pertukaran maklumat secara besar-besaran dan menyumbang kepada perubahan budaya yang signifikan. Pada tahun 1844, pencipta Kanada Charles Fenerty dan Jerman F. G. Keller secara bebas membangunkan proses-proses untuk memulihkan serat kayu. <> Dalam abad apa proses paperma menyebar dari China ke Eropah? || 13th <Kota manakah di timur tengah melakukan proses papermaking ke Eropah? || Baghdad <> Apa nama proses yang berlaku di Baghdad? || bagdatikos <> Pada abad apakah prosesnya menjadi lebih murah daripada sebelumnya? || 19th <> Yang pencipta Kanada membantu F.G. Keller untuk membangunkan proses mereka sendiri? || Charles Fenerty <> Pada abad mana kilang kertas berkuasa minyak pertama dibina? || <> Pengetahuan dan penggunaan apa yang mengembara dari Timur Tengah ke China? || <> Apa yang sangat meningkatkan kos kertas pada abad ke-19? || <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh Charles Fenerty dan FG Keller untuk berkembang pada tahun 1844? || <> Apa yang telah dibangunkan oleh China pada tahun 1844? || <> Dalam abad apa proses paperma menyebar dari Perancis ke Eropah? || <> Di mana bandar tengah timur melakukan proses papermaking ke China? || <> Apa nama proses di China? || <> Di mana abad ini proses menjadi kurang murah daripada sebelumnya? || <> Yang pencipta Perancis membantu F.G. Keller untuk membangunkan proses mereka sendiri? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what century did the papermaking process spread from China to Europe?", "id": "56e74a8e00c9c71400d76f5b", "answers": [{"text": "13th", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which middle eastern city did the papermaking process to Europe from?", "id": "56e74a8e00c9c71400d76f5c", "answers": [{"text": "Baghdad", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What name did the process take on in Baghdad?", "id": "56e74a8e00c9c71400d76f5d", "answers": [{"text": "bagdatikos", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which century did the process become much cheaper than before?", "id": "56e74a8e00c9c71400d76f5e", "answers": [{"text": "19th", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Canadian inventor helped F.G. Keller to develop their own process?", "id": "56e74a8e00c9c71400d76f5f", "answers": [{"text": "Charles Fenerty", "answer_start": 452}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "13th century", "answer_start": 91}], "question": "In which century were the first oil powered paper mills built?", "id": "5ad4f8ac5b96ef001a10a820", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "paper", "answer_start": 135}], "question": "The knowledge and use of what traveled from the Middle East to China?", "id": "5ad4f8ac5b96ef001a10a821", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "industrial manufacture", "answer_start": 285}], "question": "What greatly increased the cost of paper in the 19th century?", "id": "5ad4f8ac5b96ef001a10a822", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "processes for pulping wood fibres.", "answer_start": 520}], "question": "What did Charles Fenerty and FG Keller work together to develop in 1844?", "id": "5ad4f8ac5b96ef001a10a823", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "processes for pulping wood fibres.", "answer_start": 520}], "question": "What was developed by China in 1844?", "id": "5ad4f8ac5b96ef001a10a824", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "13th", "answer_start": 91}], "question": "In what century did the papermaking process spread from France to Europe?", "id": "5ad68d38191832001aa7b19d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Baghdad", "answer_start": 223}], "question": "Which middle eastern city did the papermaking process to China from?", "id": "5ad68d38191832001aa7b19e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "bagdatikos", "answer_start": 252}], "question": " What name did the process take on in China?", "id": "5ad68d38191832001aa7b19f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "19th", "answer_start": 271}], "question": " In which century did the process become less cheaper than before?", "id": "5ad68d38191832001aa7b1a0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Charles Fenerty", "answer_start": 452}], "question": "Which French inventor helped F.G. Keller to develop their own process?", "id": "5ad68d38191832001aa7b1a1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Its knowledge and uses spread from China through the Middle East to medieval Europe in the 13th century, where the first water powered paper mills were built. Because of paper's introduction to the West through the city of Baghdad, it was first called bagdatikos. In the 19th century, industrial manufacture greatly lowered its cost, enabling mass exchange of information and contributing to significant cultural shifts. In 1844, the Canadian inventor Charles Fenerty and the German F. G. Keller independently developed processes for pulping wood fibres."}], ["Serpihan arkeologi tertua yang terdahulu untuk kertas moden, tarikh hingga abad ke-2 SM di China. Proses pembuatan kertas pulp diasaskan kepada Cai Lun, sida pengadilan Han Han, abad ke-2. Dengan kertas sebagai pengganti berkesan untuk sutera dalam banyak aplikasi, China boleh mengeksport sutera dalam kuantiti yang lebih besar, menyumbang kepada Zaman Emas. <> Siapa yang dikreditkan dengan proses pembuatan kertas? || Cai Lun <> Apa bahan yang diperbuat daripada kertas yang menggantikannya? || sutera <> Zaman manakah penciptaan proses pembuatan kertas menyumbang ke arah? || Zaman Emas <> Berapa abad adalah proses pembuatan kertas pertama yang dikaitkan? || 2nd <> Ke mana bolehkah serpihan sutera tertua dikesan? || <> Kepada siapa yang membuat proses pembuatan kertas sutera? || <> Apakah sutera yang pengganti berkesan dalam semua aplikasi? || <> Berapa umur China mengeksport pengeksportan sutera ke? || <> Apa yang China mengurangkan eksport semasa The Golden Age? || <> Siapa yang tidak disahkan dengan proses pembuatan kertas? || <> Apa bahan kertas yang tidak digantikan dengan ciptaannya? || <> Umur mana yang membuat proses pembuatan kertas tidak menyumbang? || <> Berapa abad apakah proses papermaking yang terakhir dikaitkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is credited with the papermaking process?", "id": "56e746fc00c9c71400d76f19", "answers": [{"text": "Cai Lun", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What material did paper replace upon its invention?", "id": "56e746fc00c9c71400d76f1b", "answers": [{"text": "silk", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Age did the invention of the papermaking process contribute towards?", "id": "56e746fc00c9c71400d76f1c", "answers": [{"text": "Golden Age", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What century is the first papermaking process attributed to?", "id": "56e746fc00c9c71400d76f1d", "answers": [{"text": "2nd", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2nd century BC in China", "answer_start": 98}], "question": "To where can the oldest known fragments of silk be traced?", "id": "5ad4f7315b96ef001a10a7e6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cai Lun", "answer_start": 167}], "question": "To whom is the silk paper making process ascribed?", "id": "5ad4f7315b96ef001a10a7e7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "paper", "answer_start": 216}], "question": "What is silk an effective substitute for in all applications?", "id": "5ad4f7315b96ef001a10a7e8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Golden Age", "answer_start": 343}], "question": "What age did China's decreased exportation of silk lead to?", "id": "5ad4f7315b96ef001a10a7e9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "silk", "answer_start": 299}], "question": "What did China decrease the export of during The Golden Age?", "id": "5ad4f7315b96ef001a10a7ea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cai Lun", "answer_start": 167}], "question": "Who is uncredited with the papermaking process?", "id": "5ad68d08191832001aa7b195", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "silk", "answer_start": 299}], "question": " What material did paper not replace upon its invention?", "id": "5ad68d08191832001aa7b196", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Golden Age", "answer_start": 343}], "question": " Which Age did the invention of the papermaking process not contribute towards?", "id": "5ad68d08191832001aa7b197", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2nd", "answer_start": 98}], "question": " What century is the last papermaking process attributed to?", "id": "5ad68d08191832001aa7b198", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The oldest known archaeological fragments of the immediate precursor to modern paper, date to the 2nd century BC in China. The pulp papermaking process is ascribed to Cai Lun, a 2nd-century AD Han court eunuch. With paper as an effective substitute for silk in many applications, China could export silk in greater quantity, contributing to a Golden Age."}], ["Proses papermaking pulpa dikatakan telah dikembangkan di China pada awal abad ke-2 Masihi, mungkin seawal tahun 105 Masehi, oleh pengadilan Han kasim Cai Lun, walaupun serpihan arkeologi paling awal dari kertas berasal dari abad ke-2 SM di China. Industri pulpa dan kertas moden adalah global, dengan China mengetuai pengeluarannya dan Amerika Syarikat di belakangnya. <> Bilakah proses papermaking pulpa dikembangkan? || Abad ke-2 AD <> Apa negara yang dibangunkan? || China <> Negara apa yang mengetuai pengeluaran kertas? || China <> Negara mana yang merupakan kertas kedua terbesar? || Amerika Syarikat <> Yang kesetiaan pengadilan dikaitkan dengan proses pembuatan kertas? || Cai Lun <> Bilakah proses pembuatan kertas pulpa dikatakan telah dibangunkan oleh pengadilan Han? || <> Amerika Syarikat adalah pemimpin di mana industri, yang China mengikuti di belakangnya? || <> Di mana proses pengadilan Han dikatakan telah dikembangkan? || <> Dari mana asalnya keratan pengadilan Han yang berasal? || <> Bilakah proses pembuatan kayu pulpa dikembangkan? || <> Negara apakah proses tidak dibangunkan? || <> Negara apa yang tidak mengetuai pengeluaran kertas? || <> Negara apakah keluaran terbesar kelima? || <> Yang bukan kesetiaan mana yang berkaitan dengan proses pembuatan kertas? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the pulp papermaking process developed?", "id": "56e7460a00c9c71400d76f0f", "answers": [{"text": "2nd century AD", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country was the process developed in?", "id": "56e7460a00c9c71400d76f10", "answers": [{"text": "China", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country is leading in production of paper?", "id": "56e7460a00c9c71400d76f11", "answers": [{"text": "China", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country is the second largest produced of paper?", "id": "56e7460a00c9c71400d76f12", "answers": [{"text": "United States", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which court eunuch was associated with the papermaking process?", "id": "56e7460a00c9c71400d76f13", "answers": [{"text": "Cai Lun", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "as early as the year 105 A.D.,", "answer_start": 111}], "question": "When is the pulp papermaking process said to have been developed by Han court?", "id": "5ad4e7325b96ef001a10a5d0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "modern pulp and paper industry", "answer_start": 276}], "question": "The United States is the leader of which industry, which China following right behind it?", "id": "5ad4e7325b96ef001a10a5d1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "China", "answer_start": 63}], "question": "Where is the Han court process said to have been developed?", "id": "5ad4e7325b96ef001a10a5d2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2nd century BC in China", "answer_start": 247}], "question": "From where do the earliest Han court fragments derive?", "id": "5ad4e7325b96ef001a10a5d3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2nd century AD,", "answer_start": 86}], "question": " When was the pulp wood making process developed?", "id": "5ad68cde191832001aa7b18b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "China", "answer_start": 63}], "question": " What country was the process not developed in?", "id": "5ad68cde191832001aa7b18c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "China", "answer_start": 63}], "question": " What country is not leading in production of paper?", "id": "5ad68cde191832001aa7b18d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United States", "answer_start": 360}], "question": " What country is the fifth largest produced of paper?", "id": "5ad68cde191832001aa7b18e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cai Lun", "answer_start": 166}], "question": "Which court non-eunuch was associated with the papermaking process?", "id": "5ad68cde191832001aa7b18f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The pulp papermaking process is said to have been developed in China during the early 2nd century AD, possibly as early as the year 105 A.D., by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2nd century BC in China. The modern pulp and paper industry is global, with China leading its production and the United States right behind it."}], ["Untuk membuat pulpa dari kayu, proses pulping kimia memisahkan lignin dari serat selulosa. Ini dicapai dengan membubarkan lignin dalam minuman keras memasak, supaya ia boleh dibasuh dari selulosa; ini mengekalkan panjang gentian selulosa. Kertas yang dibuat daripada pulpa kimia juga dikenali sebagai kertas bebas kayu-tidak boleh dikelirukan dengan kertas bebas pokok; Ini kerana mereka tidak mengandungi lignin, yang merosot dari masa ke masa. Pulpa juga boleh diluntur untuk menghasilkan kertas putih, tetapi ini menggunakan 5% serat; Proses pulpa kimia tidak digunakan untuk membuat kertas yang dibuat daripada kapas, yang sudah 90% selulosa. <> Apa yang dipisahkan daripada serat selulosa? || lignin <> Apa jenis kertas yang dibuat daripada pulpa kimia yang dikenali sebagai? || bebas kayu <> Berapa peratus daripada serat yang terbuang dalam proses pemutihan? || 5% <> Berapa peratus kapas kapas selulosa? || 90% <> Apa yang dipisahkan daripada pulpa untuk membuat kayu? || <> Apakah kayu yang dibubarkan untuk mendapatkan bersih dari selulosa? || <> Apa yang digabungkan dengan serat selulosa apabila membuat pulpa? || <> Apa yang digabungkan dengan lignin apabila membuat pulpa? || <> Apabila memisahkan lignin dari serat selulosa, apakah minyak masak yang dibubarkan? || <> Apa yang digabungkan dengan serat selulosa? || <> Jenis kertas apa yang diperbuat dari bahan kimia yang dikenal sebagai kayu? || <> Sebanyak peratus daripada gentian digunakan dalam proses pemutihan? || <> Berapa peratus kapas tidak selulosa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is separated from the cellulose fibres?", "id": "56e74d4a37bdd419002c3e3d", "answers": [{"text": "lignin", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of paper is paper made from chemical pulps known as?", "id": "56e74d4a37bdd419002c3e3e", "answers": [{"text": "wood-free", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of fibres are wasted in the bleaching process?", "id": "56e74d4a37bdd419002c3e40", "answers": [{"text": "5%", "answer_start": 503}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of cotton is cellulose?", "id": "56e74d4a37bdd419002c3e41", "answers": [{"text": "90%", "answer_start": 610}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lignin from cellulose fibres", "answer_start": 61}], "question": "What is separated from pulp to make wood?", "id": "5ad4f9d55b96ef001a10a83e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cooking liquor", "answer_start": 138}], "question": "What is wood dissolved in to get clean from cellulose?", "id": "5ad4f9d55b96ef001a10a83f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lignin", "answer_start": 61}], "question": "What is combined with cellulose fibers when making pulp?", "id": "5ad4f9d55b96ef001a10a840", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cellulose fibres", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "What is combined with lignin when making pulp?", "id": "5ad4f9d55b96ef001a10a841", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lignin", "answer_start": 126}], "question": "When separating lignin from cellulose fibers, what is cooking oil dissolved in?", "id": "5ad4f9d55b96ef001a10a842", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lignin", "answer_start": 61}], "question": "What is combined with the cellulose fibres?", "id": "5ad68dcd191832001aa7b1af", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "wood-free", "answer_start": 299}], "question": " What type of paper is wood made from chemical pulps known as?", "id": "5ad68dcd191832001aa7b1b0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "5%", "answer_start": 503}], "question": " What percentage of fibres are used in the bleaching process?", "id": "5ad68dcd191832001aa7b1b1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "90", "answer_start": 610}], "question": " What percentage of cotton is not cellulose?", "id": "5ad68dcd191832001aa7b1b2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "To make pulp from wood, a chemical pulping process separates lignin from cellulose fibres. This is accomplished by dissolving lignin in a cooking liquor, so that it may be washed from the cellulose; this preserves the length of the cellulose fibres. Paper made from chemical pulps are also known as wood-free papers\u2013not to be confused with tree-free paper; this is because they do not contain lignin, which deteriorates over time. The pulp can also be bleached to produce white paper, but this consumes 5% of the fibres; chemical pulping processes are not used to make paper made from cotton, which is already 90% cellulose."}], ["Terdapat dua pulpa mekanikal utama, satu termomekanik (TMP) dan pulpa tanah (GW). Dalam proses TMP, kayu dipotong dan kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam refiners pemanas yang besar, di mana cip dipulas dan ditukar menjadi serat antara dua cakera keluli. Dalam proses kayu, debarked log diletakkan ke dalam pengisar di mana mereka ditekan terhadap batu berputar untuk dijadikan serat. Pulping mekanikal tidak mengeluarkan lignin, jadi hasilnya sangat tinggi,> 95%, namun ia menyebabkan kertas itu dihasilkan untuk berubah menjadi kuning dan menjadi rapuh dari masa ke masa. Pulpa mekanikal mempunyai serat yang agak pendek, dengan itu menghasilkan kertas yang lemah. Walaupun jumlah tenaga elektrik yang banyak diperlukan untuk menghasilkan pulpa mekanikal, kosnya kurang daripada jenis kimia. <> Selain proses termomekanik, apakah proses yang digunakan untuk pulping? || pulpa kayu lapis <> Apakah ramuan utama dalam proses pokok? || debarked logs <> Kekuatan kertas apa yang dihasilkan oleh pulpa mekanikal? || lemah <> Di mana proses kayu tersumbat dan dimasukkan ke dalam refiners panas yang panas? || <> Dalam proses mana kerepeknya diubah menjadi serat antara tiga cakera keluli? || <> Apa yang dimasukkan ke dalam pulpa mekanikal semasa proses groundwood? || <> Di mana terdapat log log yang dimasukkan ke dalam proses TMP? || <> Apa log log yang ditindas untuk membuat pulpa? || <> Selain daripada proses thermomechanical, apakah proses yang tidak digunakan dalam pemolesan? || <> Apa ramuan utama dalam proses pokok? || <> Kekuatan kayu apa yang dihasilkan oleh pulpa mekanikal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Besides the thermomechanical process, what is a process used in pulping?", "id": "56e74f5300c9c71400d76f8a", "answers": [{"text": "groundwood pulp", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the main ingredient in the groundwood process?", "id": "56e74f5300c9c71400d76f8b", "answers": [{"text": "debarked logs", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What strength of paper is produced by mechanical pulps?", "id": "56e74f5300c9c71400d76f8c", "answers": [{"text": "weak", "answer_start": 615}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "TMP", "answer_start": 102}], "question": "In which process is wood chipped and fed into small steam heated refiners?", "id": "5ad4fac25b96ef001a10a864", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "TMP", "answer_start": 102}], "question": "In which process are the chips converted to fibers between three steel discs?", "id": "5ad4fac25b96ef001a10a865", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "debarked logs", "answer_start": 283}], "question": "What is fed into mechanical pulps during the groundwood process?", "id": "5ad4fac25b96ef001a10a866", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "grinders", "answer_start": 310}], "question": "Where are debarked logs fed into during the TMP process?", "id": "5ad4fac25b96ef001a10a867", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "rotating stones", "answer_start": 350}], "question": "What are debarked logs pressed against to make pulp?", "id": "5ad4fac25b96ef001a10a868", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "groundwood", "answer_start": 263}], "question": "Besides the thermomechanical process, what is a process not used in pulping?", "id": "5ad68e2e191832001aa7b1bf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "debarked logs", "answer_start": 283}], "question": " What is not the main ingredient in the groundwood process?", "id": "5ad68e2e191832001aa7b1c0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "weak", "answer_start": 615}], "question": " What strength of wood is produced by mechanical pulps?", "id": "5ad68e2e191832001aa7b1c1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There are two major mechanical pulps, the thermomechanical one (TMP) and groundwood pulp (GW). In the TMP process, wood is chipped and then fed into large steam heated refiners, where the chips are squeezed and converted to fibres between two steel discs. In the groundwood process, debarked logs are fed into grinders where they are pressed against rotating stones to be made into fibres. Mechanical pulping does not remove the lignin, so the yield is very high, >95%, however it causes the paper thus produced to turn yellow and become brittle over time. Mechanical pulps have rather short fibres, thus producing weak paper. Although large amounts of electrical energy are required to produce mechanical pulp, it costs less than the chemical kind."}], ["Perkataan \"kertas\" berasal secara etimologi dari bahasa Latin papyrus, yang berasal dari bahasa Yunani \u03c0\u03ac\u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 (papuros), perkataan untuk tumbuhan papirus Cyperus. Papirus adalah bahan kertas seperti tebal yang dihasilkan dari tumbuhan papirus Cyperus, yang digunakan di Mesir kuno dan budaya Mediterranean lain untuk menulis sebelum pengenalan kertas ke Timur Tengah dan Eropah. Walaupun makalah perkataan berasal dari etimologi dari papirus, kedua-duanya dihasilkan dengan sangat berbeza dan pembangunan yang pertama adalah berbeza daripada perkembangan kedua. Papirus adalah laminasi gentian tumbuhan semulajadi, sementara kertas dibuat dari serat yang sifatnya telah diubah oleh makerasi. <> Apa perkataan Latin berasal dari kertas? || Papyrus <> Bahasa apa yang berasal dari papirus? || Greek <> Proses apa yang mengubah sifat-sifat gentian yang digunakan dalam pembuatan kertas? || makeration <> Apa tumbuhan digunakan di Mesir untuk membuat papirus? || Cyperus <> Apa bahagian tumbuhan Cyperus digunakan dalam membuat papirus? || pith <> Di manakah perkataan papuros berasal? || <> Apakah perkataan untuk tumbuhan papirus Mediterranean? || <> Kertas dibangunkan secara identik dengan apa? || <> Kertas adalah laminasi serat tumbuhan semulajadi dan apakah papirus? || <> Papirus adalah serat yang telah diubah melalui makeration dan apakah kertas? || <> Apakah perkataan Latin adalah kertas yang tidak berasal? || <> Bahasa apa yang tidak berasal dari papirus? || <> Proses apa yang tidak mengubah sifat serat yang digunakan dalam pembuatan kertas? || <> Apa bahagian kayu Cyperus digunakan dalam membuat papirus? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What Latin word is paper derived from?", "id": "56e74b6037bdd419002c3e1f", "answers": [{"text": "Papyrus", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language is papyrus derived from?", "id": "56e74b6037bdd419002c3e20", "answers": [{"text": "Greek", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What process changes the properties of the fibres used in papermaking?", "id": "56e74b6037bdd419002c3e21", "answers": [{"text": "maceration", "answer_start": 695}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What plant was used in Egypt to make papyrus?", "id": "56e74b6037bdd419002c3e22", "answers": [{"text": "Cyperus", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of the Cyperus plant was used in making papyrus?", "id": "56e74b6037bdd419002c3e23", "answers": [{"text": "the pith", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Latin papyrus", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "Where does the word papuros come from?", "id": "5ad4f9295b96ef001a10a834", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "papuros", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "What is the word for the Mediterranean papyrus plant?", "id": "5ad4f9295b96ef001a10a835", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "papyrus", "answer_start": 440}], "question": "Paper is developed identically to what?", "id": "5ad4f9295b96ef001a10a836", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fibres whose properties have been changed by maceration.", "answer_start": 650}], "question": "Paper is a lamination of natural plant fibers and what is papyrus?", "id": "5ad4f9295b96ef001a10a837", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lamination of natural plant fibres", "answer_start": 581}], "question": "Papyrus are fibers who have been changed through maceration and what is paper?", "id": "5ad4f9295b96ef001a10a838", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Papyrus", "answer_start": 149}], "question": " What Latin word is paper not derived from?", "id": "5ad68d9c191832001aa7b1a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Greek", "answer_start": 84}], "question": " What language is papyrus not derived from?", "id": "5ad68d9c191832001aa7b1a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "maceration", "answer_start": 695}], "question": "What process doesn't change the properties of the fibres used in papermaking?", "id": "5ad68d9c191832001aa7b1a9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pith", "answer_start": 207}], "question": " What part of the Cyperus wood was used in making papyrus?", "id": "5ad68d9c191832001aa7b1aa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The word \"paper\" is etymologically derived from Latin papyrus, which comes from the Greek \u03c0\u03ac\u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 (papuros), the word for the Cyperus papyrus plant. Papyrus is a thick, paper-like material produced from the pith of the Cyperus papyrus plant, which was used in ancient Egypt and other Mediterranean cultures for writing before the introduction of paper into the Middle East and Europe. Although the word paper is etymologically derived from papyrus, the two are produced very differently and the development of the first is distinct from the development of the second. Papyrus is a lamination of natural plant fibres, while paper is manufactured from fibres whose properties have been changed by maceration."}], ["Sebahagian besar kertas komersil yang dijual di Amerika Utara dipotong kepada saiz kertas standard berdasarkan unit adat dan didefinisikan oleh panjang dan lebar selembar kertas. <> Kertas komersial biasanya ditakrifkan oleh apa? || panjang dan lebar <> Kebanyakan kertas komersil di Amerika Utara dipotong dengan cara apa? || saiz kertas standard <> Saiz kertas standard biasanya diterangkan dengan istilah apa? || panjang dan lebar <> Bagaimanakah kebanyakan kertas dijual di Amerika Selatan? || <> Bagaimana potongan kertas untuk dijual di Amerika Selatan? || <> Berdasarkan jenis unit yang dipotong Amerika Utara untuk dijual? || <> Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan panjang dan lembapan kertas? || <> Kertas komersial tidak lazim ditakrifkan oleh apa? || <> Kebanyakan kertas komersil di Amerika Selatan dipotong dengan cara apa? || <> Saiz kertas standard tidak pernah diterangkan dengan istilah apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Commercial paper is commonly defined by what?", "id": "56e7627c37bdd419002c3f1d", "answers": [{"text": "length and width", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Most commercial paper in North America is cut in what manner?", "id": "56e7627c37bdd419002c3f1e", "answers": [{"text": "standard paper sizes", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Standard paper sizes are usually described with what terms?", "id": "56e7627c37bdd419002c3f1f", "answers": [{"text": "length and width", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cut to standard paper sizes based on customary units and is defined by the length and width of a sheet of paper.", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "How is most paper sold in South America?", "id": "5ad507dc5b96ef001a10aa60", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "standard paper sizes based on customary units", "answer_start": 54}], "question": "How is paper cut for sale in South America?", "id": "5ad507dc5b96ef001a10aa61", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "customary", "answer_start": 84}], "question": "Based on what type of units is North America cut for sale?", "id": "5ad507dc5b96ef001a10aa62", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "standard paper sizes", "answer_start": 54}], "question": "What is defined by the length and moistness of paper?", "id": "5ad507dc5b96ef001a10aa63", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "length and width", "answer_start": 122}], "question": " Commercial paper is not commonly defined by what?", "id": "5ad69060191832001aa7b20f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "standard paper sizes", "answer_start": 54}], "question": " Most commercial paper in South America is cut in what manner?", "id": "5ad69060191832001aa7b210", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "length and width", "answer_start": 122}], "question": " Standard paper sizes are never described with what terms?", "id": "5ad69060191832001aa7b211", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Most commercial paper sold in North America is cut to standard paper sizes based on customary units and is defined by the length and width of a sheet of paper."}], ["Ketebalan kertas sering diukur oleh caliper, yang biasanya diberikan dalam seribu inci di Amerika Syarikat dan seribu mil di seluruh dunia. Kertas mungkin antara 0.07 dan 0.18 milimeter (0.0028 dan 0.0071 dalam) tebal. <> Alat apa yang sering digunakan dalam mengukur ketebalan kertas? || caliper <> Di Amerika Syarikat, unit apa yang digunakan ketika menyatakan pengukuran ketebalan kertas? || seribu inci <> Seseorang mengukur ketebalan kertas di UK mungkin menggunakan unit apa? || mm <> Sated in inches, apakah jenis ketebalan kertas yang biasa? || 0.0028 dan 0.0071 dalam <> Apa kebocoran kertas yang paling sering diukur oleh? || <> Apa yang sering diberikan dalam seratus inci satu inci? || <> Apa yang sering diberikan dalam seratus mm? || <> Di mana bahagian dunia mungkin kertas antara antara .07 dan .18 mm tebal? || <> Apakah berat kertas diukur oleh? || <> Alat apa yang sering digunakan dalam mengukur lebar kertas? || <> Di Amerika Syarikat, unit apa yang digunakan ketika menyatakan ukuran lebar kertas? || <> Seseorang mengukur ketebalan kertas di Amerika Syarikat mungkin menggunakan unit apa? || <> Siap dalam inci, apakah julat lebar kertas yang biasa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What tool is often used in measuring the thickness of paper?", "id": "56e75f4b37bdd419002c3f09", "answers": [{"text": "caliper", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the United States, what units are used when stating the measurements of paper thickness?", "id": "56e75f4b37bdd419002c3f0a", "answers": [{"text": "thousandths of an inch", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Someone measuring the thickness of paper in the UK is likely to use what unit?", "id": "56e75f4b37bdd419002c3f0b", "answers": [{"text": "mm", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Sated in inches, what is the common range of paper thickness?", "id": "56e75f4b37bdd419002c3f0d", "answers": [{"text": "0.0028 and 0.0071 in", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "caliper", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "What is the wetness of paper most often measured by?", "id": "5ad505735b96ef001a10aa06", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "caliper", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "What is often given in hundredths of an inch?", "id": "5ad505735b96ef001a10aa07", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "caliper", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "What is often given in hundredths of an mm?", "id": "5ad505735b96ef001a10aa08", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United States", "answer_start": 111}], "question": "In which part of the world maybe paper be between .07 and .18 mm thick?", "id": "5ad505735b96ef001a10aa09", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "caliper", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "What is the weight of paper measured by?", "id": "5ad505735b96ef001a10aa0a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "caliper", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "What tool is often used in measuring the width of paper?", "id": "5ad69003191832001aa7b1fb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "thousandths of an inch", "answer_start": 81}], "question": "In the United States, what units are used when stating the measurements of paper width?", "id": "5ad69003191832001aa7b1fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "millimetres", "answer_start": 213}], "question": "Someone measuring the thickness of paper in the US is likely to use what unit?", "id": "5ad69003191832001aa7b1fd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": ".0028 and 0.0071", "answer_start": 227}], "question": " Sated in inches, what is the common range of paper width?", "id": "5ad69003191832001aa7b1fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The thickness of paper is often measured by caliper, which is typically given in thousandths of an inch in the United States and in thousandths of a mm in the rest of the world. Paper may be between 0.07 and 0.18 millimetres (0.0028 and 0.0071 in) thick."}], ["Di Eropah dan kawasan lain menggunakan sistem ukuran kertas ISO 216, beratnya dinyatakan dalam gram per meter persegi (g / m2 atau biasanya hanya g) pada kertas. Kertas percetakan biasanya antara 60 g dan 120 g. Apa-apa yang lebih berat daripada 160 g dianggap sebagai kad. Oleh itu, berat ream bergantung kepada dimensi kertas dan ketebalannya. <> Sistem pengukuran ISO apa yang digunakan oleh Eropah? || ISO 216 <> Jika kertas lebih daripada 160g apa yang dianggap sebagai? || kad <> Selain ketebalan, apa sifat yang digunakan dalam menyatakan berat rami di Eropah? || Dimensi <> Di mana kelembapan kertas yang dinyatakan dalam gram per meter persegi? || <> Di mana ketebalan kertas dinyatakan dalam gram bagi setiap meter persegi? || <> Di mana kekeringan kertas dinyatakan dalam gram per meter persegi? || <> Apa yang lebih berat daripada 60g dipertimbangkan? || <> Apakah berat gram bergantung? || <> Apakah sistem pengukuran ISO menggunakan Asia? || <> Jika kertas melebihi 110g apa yang dianggap sebagai? || <> Selain ketebalan, apa sifat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan berat rami di Asia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What ISO sizing system does Europe use?", "id": "56e7621400c9c71400d77068", "answers": [{"text": "ISO 216", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If paper is over 160g what is it considered as?", "id": "56e7621400c9c71400d7706b", "answers": [{"text": "card", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides thickness, what attribute is used in stating the weight of a ream in Europe?", "id": "56e7621400c9c71400d7706c", "answers": [{"text": "dimensions", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "Where is the dampness of paper expressed in grammes per square meter?", "id": "5ad507845b96ef001a10aa42", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "Where is the thickness of paper expressed in grams per square meter?", "id": "5ad507845b96ef001a10aa43", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "Where is the dryness of paper expressed in grams per square meter?", "id": "5ad507845b96ef001a10aa44", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "card", "answer_start": 253}], "question": "What is anything heavier than 60g considered?", "id": "5ad507845b96ef001a10aa45", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dimensions of the paper and its thickness.", "answer_start": 305}], "question": "What does the weight of a gram depend on?", "id": "5ad507845b96ef001a10aa46", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ISO 216", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "What ISO sizing system does Asia use?", "id": "5ad69041191832001aa7b209", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "card", "answer_start": 253}], "question": " If paper is over 110g what is it considered as?", "id": "5ad69041191832001aa7b20a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dimensions", "answer_start": 305}], "question": "Besides thickness, what attribute is used in stating the weight of a ream in Asia?", "id": "5ad69041191832001aa7b20b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In Europe, and other regions using the ISO 216 paper sizing system, the weight is expressed in grammes per square metre (g/m2 or usually just g) of the paper. Printing paper is generally between 60 g and 120 g. Anything heavier than 160 g is considered card. The weight of a ream therefore depends on the dimensions of the paper and its thickness."}], ["Menekan helaian membuang air dengan paksa; sebaik sahaja air dipaksa dari lembaran, satu jenis khas yang dirasakan, yang tidak dapat dikelirukan dengan yang tradisional, digunakan untuk mengumpul air; sedangkan ketika membuat kertas dengan tangan, lembaran blotter digunakan sebaliknya. <> Bagaimana air dikeluarkan dengan kekerasan dari sekeping kertas? || Menekan <> Apa yang digunakan untuk mengumpul air yang diusir daripada menekan? || merasa <> Apa yang digunakan untuk mengumpul air apabila membuat kertas tangan? || Lembaran blotter <> Selain lembaran blotter, apa yang boleh digunakan untuk mengumpul air? || merasakan <> Bagaimana kuasa dikeluarkan dari helaian? || <> Setelah merasakan terpaksa dari lembaran, apa yang digunakan untuk mengumpul air? || <> Apa yang tidak pernah digunakan ketika membuat kertas dengan tangan? || <> Apa yang membuang blotter dari helai? || <> Bagaimanakah sejenis perasaan khas dikeluarkan dari helaian? || <> Bagaimana air dikeluarkan dengan kekerasan dari sekeping kayu? || <> Apa yang digunakan untuk mengumpul hujan yang dikeluarkan dari menekan? || <> Apa yang digunakan untuk mengumpul hujan apabila kertas membuat tangan? || <> Selain lembaran blotter, apa yang tidak boleh digunakan untuk mengumpul air? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How is the water removed by force from a sheet of paper?", "id": "56e758c700c9c71400d76fe4", "answers": [{"text": "Pressing", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is used to collect the water expelled from pressing?", "id": "56e758c700c9c71400d76fe5", "answers": [{"text": "felt", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is used to collect water when hand-making paper?", "id": "56e758c700c9c71400d76fe6", "answers": [{"text": "blotter sheet", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides a blotter sheet, what can be used to collect water?", "id": "56e758c700c9c71400d76fe7", "answers": [{"text": "felt", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pressing", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "How is the force removed from the sheet?", "id": "5ad4fdd25b96ef001a10a8a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "special kind of felt", "answer_start": 90}], "question": "Once the felt is forced from the sheet, what is used to collect the water?", "id": "5ad4fdd25b96ef001a10a8a9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "blotter sheet", "answer_start": 233}], "question": "What is never used when making paper by hand?", "id": "5ad4fdd25b96ef001a10a8aa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pressing", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What removes the blotter from the sheet?", "id": "5ad4fdd25b96ef001a10a8ab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "force", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "How is a special kind of felt removed from the sheet?", "id": "5ad4fdd25b96ef001a10a8ac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pressing", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "How is the water removed by force from a sheet of wood?", "id": "5ad68ece191832001aa7b1d1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "felt", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "What is used to collect the rain expelled from pressing?", "id": "5ad68ece191832001aa7b1d2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "blotter sheet", "answer_start": 233}], "question": " What is used to collect rain when hand-making paper?", "id": "5ad68ece191832001aa7b1d3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "felt", "answer_start": 106}], "question": " Besides a blotter sheet, what can not be used to collect water?", "id": "5ad68ece191832001aa7b1d4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Pressing the sheet removes the water by force; once the water is forced from the sheet, a special kind of felt, which is not to be confused with the traditional one, is used to collect the water; whereas when making paper by hand, a blotter sheet is used instead."}], ["Pengeringan melibatkan penggunaan udara dan / atau haba untuk mengeluarkan air dari kepingan kertas; pada hari-hari awal kertas membuat ini dilakukan dengan menggantung kepingan seperti dobi; dalam masa yang lebih moden pelbagai bentuk mekanikal pengeringan dipanaskan digunakan. Pada mesin kertas yang paling biasa adalah pengering panas boleh memanaskan pengering. Ini boleh mencapai suhu melebihi 200 \u00b0 F (93 \u00b0 C) dan digunakan dalam urutan panjang lebih daripada 40 tin; di mana haba yang dihasilkan olehnya mudah kering kertas hingga kurang daripada 6% kelembapan. <> Apakah komponen utama pengeringan kertas? || udara <> Dalam apa kandungan peratusan kandungan kelembapan adalah proses pembuatan kertas yang cuba dicapai pada akhirnya? || 6 <> Apa yang melibatkan penggunaan udara dan haba untuk menambah air ke kertas kertas? || <> Apabila pengeringan dilakukan dengan meletakkan lembaran di atas lantai? || <> Mana yang paling biasa di mesin kertas? || <> Apa yang digunakan dalam urutan pendek kurang daripada 40 kaleng? || <> Apa yang dapat mengeringkan kertas dengan kelembapan kurang daripada 200%? || <> Apa komponen utama pengeringan kertas? || <> Dan berapa peratus kandungan kelembapan adalah proses pembuatan kertas yang tidak cuba dicapai pada akhirnya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the main component of drying the paper?", "id": "56e759ac37bdd419002c3ebd", "answers": [{"text": "air", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what percentage moisture content is the papermaking process trying to achieve in the end?", "id": "56e759ac37bdd419002c3ec1", "answers": [{"text": "6", "answer_start": 479}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Drying", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What involves using air and heat to add water to the paper sheets?", "id": "5ad4fe6c5b96ef001a10a8c2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "earliest days of paper making", "answer_start": 84}], "question": "When was drying done by laying the sheets on the floor?", "id": "5ad4fe6c5b96ef001a10a8c3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "steam heated can dryer", "answer_start": 281}], "question": "Which is the least common on the paper machine?", "id": "5ad4fe6c5b96ef001a10a8c4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "steam heated can dryer.", "answer_start": 281}], "question": "What is used in short sequences of less than 40 cans?", "id": "5ad4fe6c5b96ef001a10a8c5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "heat", "answer_start": 418}], "question": "What is able to dry the paper to less than 200% moisture?", "id": "5ad4fe6c5b96ef001a10a8c6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "air", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "What is not the main component of drying the paper?", "id": "5ad68ee2191832001aa7b1d9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "6", "answer_start": 479}], "question": "At what percentage moisture content is the papermaking process not trying to achieve in the end?", "id": "5ad68ee2191832001aa7b1da", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Drying involves using air and/or heat to remove water from the paper sheets; in the earliest days of paper making this was done by hanging the sheets like laundry; in more modern times various forms of heated drying mechanisms are used. On the paper machine the most common is the steam heated can dryer. These can reach temperatures above 200 \u00b0F (93 \u00b0C) and are used in long sequences of more than 40 cans; where the heat produced by these can easily dry the paper to less than 6% moisture."}], ["Kertas itu kemudiannya disalurkan ke gulungan jika ia digunakan pada mesin percetakan web, atau dipotong ke lembaran untuk proses percetakan lain atau tujuan lain. Serat-serat di dalam kertas pada dasarnya berjalan di arah mesin. Lembaran biasanya dipotong \"bijirin panjang\", iaitu dengan bijian selari dengan dimensi yang lebih panjang daripada helaian. <> Apa alat digunakan untuk membawa kertas ke mesin percetakan web? || reels <> Dalam apa cara adalah lembaran biasanya dipotong? || gandum panjang <> Jika kertas itu tidak digunakan dalam proses percetakan web, apa yang dilakukan? || dipotong ke lembaran <> Apa kertas yang diberi makan kecuali jika ia akan digunakan di mesin cetak web? || <> Apakah kertas yang diajukan kecuali jika ia akan dipotong ke dalam kertas? || <> Di mana arah untuk gentian di dalam kertas bertentangan? || <> Apa yang biasanya dipotong dalam fesyen pendek? || <> Apa yang biasanya dipotong dengan bijirin yang berserenjang dengan dimensi yang lebih panjang daripada kepingan? || <> Apa alat tidak digunakan untuk membawa kertas ke mesin percetakan web? || <> Dalam apa cara lembaran tidak biasanya dipotong? || <> Jika kertas digunakan dalam proses percetakan web, apa yang dilakukan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What contraption is used to carry the paper to the web printing presses?", "id": "56e75c6637bdd419002c3ee3", "answers": [{"text": "reels", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what manner are sheets normally cut?", "id": "56e75c6637bdd419002c3ee4", "answers": [{"text": "long-grain", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If the paper is not to be used in the web printing process, what is done?", "id": "56e75c6637bdd419002c3ee6", "answers": [{"text": "cut into sheets", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "reels", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "What is the paper fed onto unless it is going to be used in web printing presses?", "id": "5ad5038d5b96ef001a10a998", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "reels", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "What is the paper fed onto unless it is going to be cut into sheets?", "id": "5ad5038d5b96ef001a10a999", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the machine direction", "answer_start": 186}], "question": "In which direction to the fibers in the paper run opposite of?", "id": "5ad5038d5b96ef001a10a99a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sheets", "answer_start": 209}], "question": "What is usually cut in a short-grain fashion?", "id": "5ad5038d5b96ef001a10a99b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sheets", "answer_start": 209}], "question": "What is usually cut with the grain perpendicular to the longer dimension of the sheet?", "id": "5ad5038d5b96ef001a10a99c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "reels", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "What contraption is not used to carry the paper to the web printing presses?", "id": "5ad68f33191832001aa7b1e5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "long-grain", "answer_start": 233}], "question": " In what manner are sheets not usually cut?", "id": "5ad68f33191832001aa7b1e6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cut into sheets", "answer_start": 81}], "question": "If the paper is to be used in the web printing process, what is done?", "id": "5ad68f33191832001aa7b1e7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The paper is then fed onto reels if it is to be used on web printing presses, or cut into sheets for other printing processes or other purposes. The fibres in the paper basically run in the machine direction. Sheets are usually cut \"long-grain\", i.e. with the grain parallel to the longer dimension of the sheet."}], ["Kertas kertas tidak menunjukkan \"meletakkan\", yang merupakan garis tetap kecil yang tertinggal di atas kertas apabila ia buatan tangan dalam acuan yang diperbuat daripada barisan wayar logam atau buluh. Laidlines sangat rapat bersama. Mereka berjalan tegak lurus dengan \"garis garisan\", yang mana lebih jauh. Kertas buatan tangan juga mempamerkan \"pinggir dek\", atau sempadan kasar dan berbulu. <> Jenis garisan apa yang tidak digunakan oleh kertas? || Laidlines <> Apakah baris tetap kecil di atas kertas apabila buatan tangan dalam acuan? || Laidlines <> Apa yang bersifat tegak lencongan? || chainlines <> Yang garis biasanya lebih tinggi dalam ketumpatan, garis putus atau garis rantai? || Laidlines <> Apa jenis baris yang selari dengan chainlines? || <> Apa jenis pameran kertas yang diletakkan? || <> Dengan cara mana jalankan tangan ke chianlines? || <> Jenis kertas yang mempamerkan sempadan licin? || <> Jenis garis apa yang dipamerkan pada kertas tenunan? || <> Jenis garisan apa yang menunjukkan pameran kertas? || <> Apakah garisan tetap besar di atas kertas apabila buatan tangan dalam acuan? || <> Apa yang berjalan selari dengan yang diletakkan? || <> Yang mana garis-garis adalah lebih tinggi dalam kepadatan, garis putus atau garis rantai? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of lines does wove paper not exhibit?", "id": "56e75e1200c9c71400d77018", "answers": [{"text": "Laidlines", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are small regular lines left on paper when handmade in a mould?", "id": "56e75e1200c9c71400d77019", "answers": [{"text": "Laidlines", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What runs perpendicular to the laidlines?", "id": "56e75e1200c9c71400d7701b", "answers": [{"text": "chainlines", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which is lines are commonly higher in density, laidlines or chainlines?", "id": "56e75e1200c9c71400d7701c", "answers": [{"text": "Laidlines", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "laidlines", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "What type of lines run parallel to chainlines?", "id": "5ad504cb5b96ef001a10a9d2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wove paper", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What type of paper exhibits laidlines?", "id": "5ad504cb5b96ef001a10a9d3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "perpendicular", "answer_start": 209}], "question": "In which way does handpaper run to chianlines?", "id": "5ad504cb5b96ef001a10a9d4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Handmade paper", "answer_start": 269}], "question": "Which type of paper exhibits smooth borders?", "id": "5ad504cb5b96ef001a10a9d5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "laidlines", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "What type of lines are exhibited on woven paper?", "id": "5ad504cb5b96ef001a10a9d6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "laidlines", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "What type of lines does wove paper exhibit?", "id": "5ad68fcb191832001aa7b1f3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "laidlines", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "What are large regular lines left on paper when handmade in a mould?", "id": "5ad68fcb191832001aa7b1f4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "chainlines", "answer_start": 231}], "question": " What runs parallel to the laidlines?", "id": "5ad68fcb191832001aa7b1f5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Laidlines", "answer_start": 165}], "question": "Which is lines are uncommonly higher in density, laidlines or chainlines?", "id": "5ad68fcb191832001aa7b1f6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Wove paper does not exhibit \"laidlines\", which are small regular lines left behind on paper when it was handmade in a mould made from rows of metal wires or bamboo. Laidlines are very close together. They run perpendicular to the \"chainlines\", which are further apart. Handmade paper similarly exhibits \"deckle edges\", or rough and feathery borders."}], ["Kertas sering dicirikan oleh berat badan. Di Amerika Syarikat, berat yang diberikan kepada kertas adalah berat rim, 500 helai, yang berbeza-beza \"saiz asas\", sebelum kertas dipotong ke saiz yang dijual kepada pelanggan akhir. Sebagai contoh, rim 20 lb, 8.5 dalam 11 inci (216 mm \u00d7 279 mm) kertas berat 5 pound, kerana ia telah dipotong dari lembaran yang lebih besar menjadi empat keping. Di Amerika Syarikat, kertas percetakan biasanya 20 lb, 24 lb, atau 32 lb paling banyak. Penutup stok biasanya 68 lb, dan 110 lb atau lebih dianggap stok kad. <> Apa ciri yang biasanya dikelaskan oleh kertas? || berat <> Di AS, berat apa yang digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan kertas untuk dijual? || Rami <> Kertas yang dinilai lebih dari 110lb dianggap jenis saham apa? || kad <> Apakah berat yang paling sering dicirikan oleh? || <> Berapa banyak helai dalam saiz asas? || <> Dalam apa saiz saiz pound kertas datang? || <> Apa yang berlaku pada kertas selepas dijual kepada pelanggan akhir? || <> Berapa rami sebanyak 5 lb, 8.5 x 11 dalam berat kertas? || <> Ciri khas apakah kertas biasanya tidak dikelaskan? || <> Di UK, berat apa yang digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan kertas untuk dijual? || <> Kertas yang dinilai pada lebih daripada 210lb dianggap jenis saham apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What characteristic is paper usually classified by?", "id": "56e7601000c9c71400d77044", "answers": [{"text": "weight", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the US, the weight of what is used to classify paper for sale?", "id": "56e7601000c9c71400d77045", "answers": [{"text": "a ream", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Paper rated at over 110lb is considered what type of stock?", "id": "56e7601000c9c71400d77046", "answers": [{"text": "card", "answer_start": 518}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Paper", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is weight most often characterized by?", "id": "5ad505fd5b96ef001a10aa24", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "500", "answer_start": 118}], "question": "How many sheets of reams are in a basic size?", "id": "5ad505fd5b96ef001a10aa25", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "varying \"basic sizes\"", "answer_start": 133}], "question": "In what sizes do pounds of paper come?", "id": "5ad505fd5b96ef001a10aa26", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "paper is cut into the size", "answer_start": 167}], "question": "What happens to the paper after it is sold to end customers?", "id": "5ad505fd5b96ef001a10aa27", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "20 lb", "answer_start": 246}], "question": "How much does a ream of 5 lb, 8.5 in x 11 in paper weigh?", "id": "5ad505fd5b96ef001a10aa28", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "weight", "answer_start": 32}], "question": " What characteristic is paper not usually classified by?", "id": "5ad69021191832001aa7b203", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ream", "answer_start": 112}], "question": " In the UK, the weight of what is used to classify paper for sale?", "id": "5ad69021191832001aa7b204", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "card", "answer_start": 518}], "question": " Paper rated at over 210lb is considered what type of stock?", "id": "5ad69021191832001aa7b205", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Paper is often characterized by weight. In the United States, the weight assigned to a paper is the weight of a ream, 500 sheets, of varying \"basic sizes\", before the paper is cut into the size it is sold to end customers. For example, a ream of 20 lb, 8.5 in \u00d7 11 in (216 mm \u00d7 279 mm) paper weighs 5 pounds, because it has been cut from a larger sheet into four pieces. In the United States, printing paper is generally 20 lb, 24 lb, or 32 lb at most. Cover stock is generally 68 lb, and 110 lb or more is considered card stock."}], ["Semua kertas yang dihasilkan oleh mesin kertas sebagai Mesin Fourdrinier adalah kertas, seperti dawai yang mengangkut web meninggalkan corak yang mempunyai ketumpatan yang sama di sepanjang gandum kertas dan melintasi gandum. Kemasan bertekstur, tanda air dan corak kawat meniru kertas lapis buatan tangan boleh dibuat dengan menggunakan penggelek yang sesuai di peringkat akhir mesin. <> Jenis jenis kertas yang dihasilkan pada mesin seperti Fourdrinier? || wove paper <> Apa yang digunakan untuk memohon tera air dan corak lain? || penggelek <> Apa yang biasa dengan lentgh sepanjang dan melepasi butiran kertas yang dihasilkan oleh mesin seperti Fourdrinier? || ketumpatan <> Apa yang meninggalkan corak pada kertas yang mempunyai lebar ketumpatan yang konsisten dan memanjang? || wire mesh <> Jenis kertas apa yang tidak pernah dihasilkan oleh Mesin Fourdrinier? || <> Bagaimana padan air yang digunakan pada Mesin Fourdrinier? || <> Bagaimana corak wayar digunakan pada Mesin Fourdrinier? || <> Bagaimana Tekstur selesai digunakan pada Mesin Fourdrinier? || <> Jenis kertas apa yang tidak dihasilkan pada mesin seperti Fourdrinier? || <> Apa yang digunakan untuk tidak menggunakan tera air dan corak lain? || <> Apa yang tidak biasa dengan panjang sepanjang dan sebilangan bijian kertas yang dihasilkan oleh mesin seperti Fourdrinier? || <> Apa yang meninggalkan pola pada kertas yang tidak mempunyai lebar kepadatan yang konsisten dan memanjang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of paper is produced on a machine like the Fourdrinier?", "id": "56e75d7100c9c71400d77010", "answers": [{"text": "wove paper", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is used to apply watermarks and other patterns?", "id": "56e75d7100c9c71400d77011", "answers": [{"text": "rollers", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is in common with the lentgh along and across the grain of paper produced by a machine such as the Fourdrinier?", "id": "56e75d7100c9c71400d77012", "answers": [{"text": "density", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What leaves a pattern on the paper that has a consistent density width and lengthwise?", "id": "56e75d7100c9c71400d77013", "answers": [{"text": "wire mesh", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "wove paper", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "What type of paper is never produced by the Fourdrinier Machine?", "id": "5ad504765b96ef001a10a9ca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "rollers in the later stages of the machine", "answer_start": 330}], "question": "How are watermarks applied to the Fourdrinier Machine?", "id": "5ad504765b96ef001a10a9cb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "rollers in the later stages of the machine", "answer_start": 330}], "question": "How are wire patterns applied to the Fourdrinier Machine?", "id": "5ad504765b96ef001a10a9cc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "rollers in the later stages of the machine", "answer_start": 330}], "question": "How are Textured finishes applied to the Fourdrinier Machine?", "id": "5ad504765b96ef001a10a9cd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "wove paper", "answer_start": 68}], "question": " What type of paper is not produced on a machine like the Fourdrinier?", "id": "5ad68f7e191832001aa7b1eb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "rollers", "answer_start": 330}], "question": "What is used to not apply watermarks and other patterns?", "id": "5ad68f7e191832001aa7b1ec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "density", "answer_start": 158}], "question": " What is in uncommon with the length along and across the grain of paper produced by a machine such as the Fourdrinier?", "id": "5ad68f7e191832001aa7b1ed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "wire mesh", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "What leaves a pattern on the paper that doesn't have a consistent density width and lengthwise?", "id": "5ad68f7e191832001aa7b1ee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "All paper produced by paper machines as the Fourdrinier Machine are wove paper, i.e. the wire mesh that transports the web leaves a pattern that has the same density along the paper grain and across the grain. Textured finishes, watermarks and wire patterns imitating hand-made laid paper can be created by the use of appropriate rollers in the later stages of the machine."}], ["Kertas pada masa ini tidak bersambung. Kertas bersalut mempunyai lapisan material nipis seperti kalsium karbonat atau tanah liat china yang digunakan untuk satu atau kedua-dua belah pihak untuk mewujudkan permukaan yang lebih sesuai untuk skrin halftone resolusi tinggi. (Kertas tidak bersambung jarang sesuai untuk skrin di atas 150 lpi.) Kertas bersalut atau tidak bersalut mungkin mempunyai permukaan mereka digilap dengan calendering. Kertas bersalut dibahagikan kepada matte, separa matte atau sutera, dan gloss. Kertas gloss memberi kepadatan optik tertinggi dalam imej cetak. <> Selain kalsium, kertas bersalut mempunyai lapisan nipis? || china clay <> Apa proses yang dilakukan untuk menggilap permukaan kertas? || calendering <> Apakah jenis kertas bersalut yang paling ringkas? || Gloss <> Apakah kertas yang memberikan kepadatan optik yang terbaik? || Gloss <> Apa jenis kertas yang mempunyai lapisan bahan tebal yang digunakan untuk membuat permukaan yang lebih sesuai untuk skrin halftone? || <> Resolusi mana yang dilapisi kertas jarang sesuai? || <> Bagaimana kertas harus tidak mempunyai permukaan mereka digilap? || <> Jenis kertas yang mempunyai kepadatan optik yang paling rendah dalam imej dicetak? || <> Jenis kertas apa yang tidak dibahagikan kepada matte, smei-matte atau sutera dan gloss? || <> Selain kalsium, kertas bersalut mempunyai lapisan tebal apa? || <> Proses apa yang dilakukan untuk tidak menggilap permukaan kertas? || <> Apa jenis kertas bersalut yang paling ringkas? || <> Apakah kertas yang memberikan kepadatan optik yang paling teruk? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Besides calcium, coated paper has a thin layer of what?", "id": "56e75b5300c9c71400d77006", "answers": [{"text": "china clay", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What process is done to polish the surface of the paper?", "id": "56e75b5300c9c71400d77008", "answers": [{"text": "calendering", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the shiniest type of coated paper?", "id": "56e75b5300c9c71400d77009", "answers": [{"text": "Gloss", "answer_start": 434}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What papers give the best optical density?", "id": "56e75b5300c9c71400d7700a", "answers": [{"text": "Gloss", "answer_start": 434}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Coated paper", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "What type of paper has a thick layer of material applied to create a more more suitable surface for halftone screens?", "id": "5ad500215b96ef001a10a8ea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "screens above 150 lpi", "answer_start": 266}], "question": "Which resolution are coated papers rarely suited for?", "id": "5ad500215b96ef001a10a8eb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "calendering", "answer_start": 352}], "question": "How should papers never have their surfaces polished?", "id": "5ad500215b96ef001a10a8ec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Gloss papers", "answer_start": 434}], "question": "Which type of papers have the lowest optical density in the printed image?", "id": "5ad500215b96ef001a10a8ed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Coated papers", "answer_start": 365}], "question": "Which type of papers are not divided into matte, smei-matte or silk and gloss?", "id": "5ad500215b96ef001a10a8ee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "china clay", "answer_start": 104}], "question": "Besides calcium, coated paper has a thick layer of what?", "id": "5ad68f0d191832001aa7b1dd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "calendering", "answer_start": 352}], "question": " What process is done to not polish the surface of the paper?", "id": "5ad68f0d191832001aa7b1de", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "gloss", "answer_start": 427}], "question": " What is not the shiniest type of coated paper?", "id": "5ad68f0d191832001aa7b1df", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "gloss", "answer_start": 427}], "question": "What papers give the worst optical density?", "id": "5ad68f0d191832001aa7b1e0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Paper at this point is uncoated. Coated paper has a thin layer of material such as calcium carbonate or china clay applied to one or both sides in order to create a surface more suitable for high-resolution halftone screens. (Uncoated papers are rarely suitable for screens above 150 lpi.) Coated or uncoated papers may have their surfaces polished by calendering. Coated papers are divided into matte, semi-matte or silk, and gloss. Gloss papers give the highest optical density in the printed image."}], ["Ketumpatan kertas antara 250 kg / m3 (16 lb / cu ft) untuk kertas tisu hingga 1,500 kg / m3 (94 lb / cu ft) untuk beberapa kertas khusus. Kertas percetakan kira-kira 800 kg / m3 (50 lb / cu ft). <> Apakah ketumpatan cahaya yang paling ringan dihasilkan? || tisu tisu <> Apakah kepadatan biasa kertas percetakan? || 800 kg / m3 <> Berapakah berat kertas? || <> Apakah pelbagai ketebalan kertas? || <> Apakah pelbagai kelembapan kertas? || <> Apakah pelbagai kekeringan kertas? || <> Seberapa tebal kertas percetakan? || <> Apakah kepadatan cahaya kayu yang dihasilkan? || <> Apakah kepadatan biasa kertas percetakan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the lightest density of paper produced?", "id": "56e763f737bdd419002c3f2d", "answers": [{"text": "tissue paper", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the common density of printing paper?", "id": "56e763f737bdd419002c3f2e", "answers": [{"text": "800 kg/m3", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "from 250 kg/m3 (16 lb/cu ft) for tissue paper to 1,500 kg/m3 (94 lb/cu ft) for some speciality paper.", "answer_start": 28}], "question": "What is the range of paper weight?", "id": "5ad50a975b96ef001a10aa90", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "from 250 kg/m3 (16 lb/cu ft) for tissue paper to 1,500 kg/m3 (94 lb/cu ft) for some speciality paper.", "answer_start": 28}], "question": "What is the range of paper thickness?", "id": "5ad50a975b96ef001a10aa91", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "from 250 kg/m3 (16 lb/cu ft) for tissue paper to 1,500 kg/m3 (94 lb/cu ft) for some speciality paper", "answer_start": 28}], "question": "What is the range of paper dampness?", "id": "5ad50a975b96ef001a10aa92", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "from 250 kg/m3 (16 lb/cu ft) for tissue paper to 1,500 kg/m3 (94 lb/cu ft) for some speciality paper.", "answer_start": 28}], "question": "What is the range of paper dryness?", "id": "5ad50a975b96ef001a10aa93", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "about 800 kg/m3 (50 lb/cu ft).", "answer_start": 148}], "question": "How thick is printing paper?", "id": "5ad50a975b96ef001a10aa94", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "tissue", "answer_start": 61}], "question": "What is the lightest density of wood produced?", "id": "5ad690ae191832001aa7b21f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "800", "answer_start": 154}], "question": " What is the uncommon density of printing paper?", "id": "5ad690ae191832001aa7b220", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The density of paper ranges from 250 kg/m3 (16 lb/cu ft) for tissue paper to 1,500 kg/m3 (94 lb/cu ft) for some speciality paper. Printing paper is about 800 kg/m3 (50 lb/cu ft)."}], ["Sesetengah pengeluar telah mula menggunakan alternatif baru yang jauh lebih mesra alam kepada pembungkusan plastik yang diperluaskan. Dibuat dari kertas, dan diketahui secara komersil sebagai paperfoam, pembungkusan baru mempunyai ciri-ciri mekanik yang hampir sama dengan beberapa pembungkusan plastik yang diperluaskan, tetapi boleh terbiodegradasi dan juga boleh dikitar semula dengan kertas biasa. <> Apa produk yang digunakan dalam penjualan kertas yang baru digunakan oleh pengeluar dalam usaha untuk menjadi lebih mesra alam? || paperfoam <> Apakah faedah utama menggunakan paperfoam berbanding tradisional shrink-wrap? || biodegradable <> Apa itu kertas buatan tangan terutamanya dibuat? || kertas <> Bagaimana paperfoam biasanya dilupuskan? || dikitar semula <> Apa yang diperbuat daripada plastik dan digunakan bukannya pembungkusan plastik yang diperluaskan? || <> Kepada apa pembungkusan baru mempunyai sifat mekanikal yang sangat berbeza? || <> Dengan apa yang boleh paperfoam tidak dikitar semula? || <> Bagaimana sesetengah pengeluar boleh dilupuskan? || <> Apakah kertas biasa dibuat? || <> Apa produk yang digunakan dalam penjualan kertas yang baru digunakan oleh pengeluar dalam usaha untuk menjadi kurang mesra alam? || <> Apakah faedah paling sedikit menggunakan paperfoam berbanding tradisional shrink-wrap? || <> Apakah paperfoam yang tidak biasa dibuat? || <> Bagaimana paperfoam dilupuskan secara tidak biasa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What product used in the sale ofpaper is newly used by manufacturers in an effort to be more environmentally friendly?", "id": "56e76b5600c9c71400d770fc", "answers": [{"text": "paperfoam", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the main benefit of using paperfoam over traditional shrink-wrap?", "id": "56e76b5600c9c71400d770fd", "answers": [{"text": "biodegradable", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is paperfoam primarily made of?", "id": "56e76b5600c9c71400d770fe", "answers": [{"text": "paper", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is paperfoam commonly disposed of?", "id": "56e76b5600c9c71400d770ff", "answers": [{"text": "recycled", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "paperfoam", "answer_start": 177}], "question": "What is made out of plastic and is being used instead of expanded plastic packaging?", "id": "5ad50ebd5b96ef001a10ab24", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "expanded plastic packaging", "answer_start": 253}], "question": "To what does the new packaging have very different mechanical properties?", "id": "5ad50ebd5b96ef001a10ab25", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ordinary paper", "answer_start": 332}], "question": "With what can paperfoam not be recycled?", "id": "5ad50ebd5b96ef001a10ab26", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "recycled with ordinary paper", "answer_start": 318}], "question": "How can some manufacturers be disposed of?", "id": "5ad50ebd5b96ef001a10ab27", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "paperfoam", "answer_start": 177}], "question": "What is ordinary paper made out of?", "id": "5ad50ebd5b96ef001a10ab28", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "paperfoam", "answer_start": 177}], "question": "What product used in the sale of paper is newly used by manufacturers in an effort to be less environmentally friendly?", "id": "5ad69228191832001aa7b259", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "biodegradable", "answer_start": 288}], "question": "What is the least benefit of using paperfoam over traditional shrink-wrap?", "id": "5ad69228191832001aa7b25a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "paper", "answer_start": 341}], "question": " What is paperfoam uncommonly made of?", "id": "5ad69228191832001aa7b25b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "recycled", "answer_start": 318}], "question": " How is paperfoam uncommonly disposed of?", "id": "5ad69228191832001aa7b25c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Some manufacturers have started using a new, significantly more environmentally friendly alternative to expanded plastic packaging. Made out of paper, and known commercially as paperfoam, the new packaging has very similar mechanical properties to some expanded plastic packaging, but is biodegradable and can also be recycled with ordinary paper."}], ["Pulping mekanikal menghasilkan hampir satu ton pulpa setiap tan kayu kering yang digunakan, oleh itu mengapa pulpa mekanikal kadang-kadang disebut sebagai pulpa \"hasil tinggi\". Dengan hampir dua kali ganda hasil pulping kimia, pulpa mekanikal sering lebih murah. Buku-buku dan akhbar-akhbar pasar besar-besaran cenderung menggunakan kertas mekanikal. Penerbit buku cenderung menggunakan kertas bebas asid, yang terbuat dari pulpa kimia yang dikelantang sepenuhnya untuk buku-buku cetak buku dan buku perdagangan. <> Berapa kali lebih banyak hasil menghasilkan proses pulping mekanikal jika dibandingkan dengan proses pulping kimia? || dua kali <> Apa jenis proses yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan kertas yang paling banyak digunakan dalam buku-buku buku hitam? || Mekanikal <> Apakah paras asid yang biasanya terdapat dalam kertas yang digunakan oleh penerbit buku? || bebas asid <> Apa jenis pulping menghasilkan hampir satu ton kayu kering setiap ton pulpa yang digunakan? || <> Jenis pam mana yang kadang-kadang dipanggil pam hasil rendah? || <> Oleh kerana ia mempunyai hasil yang lebih rendah, apakah jenis pulping yang sering lebih murah? || <> Pulpa mekanikal sering lebih mahal daripada apa? || <> Jenis kertas apa mekanik pulps cenderung untuk digunakan? || <> Berapa kali lebih banyak hasil menghasilkan proses pulping mekanikal apabila tidak dibandingkan dengan proses pulping kimia? || <> Apa jenis proses yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan kertas paling sedikit yang digunakan dalam buku-buku hitam? || <> Tahap asid tidak biasanya dijumpai dalam kertas yang digunakan oleh penerbit buku? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many times more yield does the mechanical pulping process produce when compared to to the chemical pulping process?", "id": "56e767c137bdd419002c3f5e", "answers": [{"text": "twice", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of process is used to produce most paper used in paperback books?", "id": "56e767c137bdd419002c3f5f", "answers": [{"text": "Mechanical", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What level of acid is usually found in the paper used by book publishers?", "id": "56e767c137bdd419002c3f60", "answers": [{"text": "acid-free", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mechanical", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What type of pulping yields nearly a tonne of dry wood per pulp tonne used?", "id": "5ad50cb85b96ef001a10aaea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mechanical", "answer_start": 90}], "question": "What type of pumps are sometimes called low yield pumps?", "id": "5ad50cb85b96ef001a10aaeb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mechanical pulps", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "Because it has a lower yield, what type of pulping is often cheaper?", "id": "5ad50cb85b96ef001a10aaec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "chemical pulping", "answer_start": 187}], "question": "Mechanical pulps are often more expensive than what?", "id": "5ad50cb85b96ef001a10aaed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "acid-free paper", "answer_start": 342}], "question": "What type of paper do mechanical pulps tend to use?", "id": "5ad50cb85b96ef001a10aaee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "twice", "answer_start": 168}], "question": "How many times more yield does the mechanical pulping process produce when not compared to to the chemical pulping process?", "id": "5ad69142191832001aa7b233", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mechanical", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "What type of process is used to produce least paper used in paperback books?", "id": "5ad69142191832001aa7b234", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "acid-free", "answer_start": 342}], "question": "What level of acid is not usually found in the paper used by book publishers?", "id": "5ad69142191832001aa7b235", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Mechanical pulping yields almost a tonne of pulp per tonne of dry wood used, which is why mechanical pulps are sometimes referred to as \"high yield\" pulps. With almost twice the yield as chemical pulping, mechanical pulps is often cheaper. Mass-market paperback books and newspapers tend to use mechanical papers. Book publishers tend to use acid-free paper, made from fully bleached chemical pulps for hardback and trade paperback books."}], ["Kertas yang dibuat daripada pulpa kayu tidak semestinya kurang tahan lama daripada kertas kain. Tingkah laku penuaan kertas ditentukan oleh pembuatannya, bukan sumber asal serat. Selain itu, ujian yang ditaja oleh Perpustakaan Kongres membuktikan bahawa semua kertas berisiko kerosakan asid, kerana selulosa itu sendiri menghasilkan asid formik, asetik, laktik dan oksalat. <> Siapa yang menaja ujian yang menunjukkan bahawa semua kertas adalah tertakluk kepada kerosakan asid? || Perpustakaan Kongres <> Selain asid formik, asetik, dan asid laktik, apakah jenis asid yang dihasilkan oleh selulosa? || oxalic <> Apa yang pasti lebih tahan lama daripada kertas kain? || <> Apa yang ditentukan oleh kelakuan penuaan kertas? || <> Siapa yang menaja ujian yang membuktikan semua kertas adalah risiko bebas daripada kerosakan asid? || <> Apakah asid oxalic menghasilkan? || <> Apa yang dihasilkan asid laktik? || <> Siapa yang menaja ujian yang menunjukkan bahawa semua kertas tidak tertakluk kepada kerosakan asam? || <> Selain asid formik, asetik, dan asid laktik, jenis asid yang tidak dihasilkan oleh selulosa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who sponsored the tests that show that all papers are subject to acid decay?", "id": "56e7671700c9c71400d770b9", "answers": [{"text": "Library of Congress", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides formic, acetic, and lactic acid, what type of acid does cellulose produce?", "id": "56e7671700c9c71400d770ba", "answers": [{"text": "oxalic", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Paper made from wood pulp", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is definitely more durable than rag paper?", "id": "5ad50c3f5b96ef001a10aacc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "its manufacture", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "What is determined by the ageing behavior of paper?", "id": "5ad50c3f5b96ef001a10aacd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Library of Congress", "answer_start": 216}], "question": "Who sponsored tests that proved all paper is risk free from acid decay?", "id": "5ad50c3f5b96ef001a10aace", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cellulose", "answer_start": 291}], "question": "What does oxalic acid produce?", "id": "5ad50c3f5b96ef001a10aacf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cellulose", "answer_start": 291}], "question": "What does lactic acid produce?", "id": "5ad50c3f5b96ef001a10aad0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Library of Congress", "answer_start": 216}], "question": "Who sponsored the tests that show that all papers are not subject to acid decay?", "id": "5ad69112191832001aa7b22f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "oxalic", "answer_start": 344}], "question": "Besides formic, acetic, and lactic acid, what type of acid does cellulose not produce?", "id": "5ad69112191832001aa7b230", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Paper made from wood pulp is not necessarily less durable than a rag paper. The ageing behavior of a paper is determined by its manufacture, not the original source of the fibres. Furthermore, tests sponsored by the Library of Congress prove that all paper is at risk of acid decay, because cellulose itself produces formic, acetic, lactic and oxalic acids."}], ["Sisa kertas menyumbang sehingga 40% daripada jumlah sisa yang dikeluarkan di Amerika Syarikat setiap tahun, yang menambah sehingga 71.6 juta tan sisa kertas setahun di Amerika Syarikat sahaja. Purata pekerja pejabat di AS mencetak 31 muka surat setiap hari. Amerika juga menggunakan perintah 16 bilion cawan kertas setiap tahun. <> Apakah peratusan jumlah sisa boleh dikaitkan dengan kertas? || 40% <> Berapa berjuta-juta ton kertas terbuang di Amerika Syarikat setiap tahun? || 71.6 juta <> Berapa banyak cawan kertas yang digunakan oleh orang Amerika setiap tahun? || 16000000000 <> Berapa banyak halaman dicetak oleh pekerja pejabat rata-rata di AS setiap hari? || 31 <> Berapakah peratus daripada jumlah sisa buangan kertas di Eropah? || <> Berapa tan kertas terbuang setahun di Eropah? || <> Berapakah jumlah kertas yang dicetak rata-rata pekerja di Eropah setiap hari? || <> Berapa banyak cawan kertas setahun yang digunakan oleh orang Eropah? || <> Di negara mana purata pekerja pejabat mencetak 71.6 juta halaman setiap hari? || <> Apakah peratusan jumlah sisa tidak boleh dikaitkan dengan kertas? || <> Berapa ratusan tan kertas terbuang di AS setiap tahun? || <> Berapa beg kertas digunakan oleh orang Amerika setiap tahun? || <> Berapa banyak halaman dicetak oleh pekerja pejabat purata di UK setiap hari? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of total waste can be attributed to paper?", "id": "56e7691537bdd419002c3f6d", "answers": [{"text": "40%", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many millions of tons of paper are wasted in the US each year?", "id": "56e7691537bdd419002c3f6e", "answers": [{"text": "71.6 million", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many paper cups are used by Americans each year?", "id": "56e7691537bdd419002c3f6f", "answers": [{"text": "16 billion", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many pages are printed by the average office worker in the US each day?", "id": "56e7691537bdd419002c3f70", "answers": [{"text": "31", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "40%", "answer_start": 31}], "question": "How much percent of total waste does paper waste account for in Europe?", "id": "5ad50dc65b96ef001a10ab08", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "71.6 million", "answer_start": 108}], "question": "How many tons of paper are wasted per year in Europe?", "id": "5ad50dc65b96ef001a10ab09", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "31", "answer_start": 221}], "question": "How many pages of paper does the average worker in Europe print per day?", "id": "5ad50dc65b96ef001a10ab0a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "16 billion", "answer_start": 276}], "question": "How many paper cups per year do Europeans use?", "id": "5ad50dc65b96ef001a10ab0b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United States", "answer_start": 66}], "question": "In what country does an average office worker print 71.6 million pages of paper every day?", "id": "5ad50dc65b96ef001a10ab0c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "40%", "answer_start": 31}], "question": " What percentage of total waste can not be attributed to paper?", "id": "5ad691a8191832001aa7b241", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "71.6", "answer_start": 108}], "question": "How many hundreds of tons of paper are wasted in the US each year?", "id": "5ad691a8191832001aa7b242", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "16 billion", "answer_start": 276}], "question": " How many paper bags are used by Americans each year?", "id": "5ad691a8191832001aa7b243", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "31", "answer_start": 221}], "question": "How many pages are printed by the average office worker in the UK each day?", "id": "5ad691a8191832001aa7b244", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Paper waste accounts for up to 40% of total waste produced in the United States each year, which adds up to 71.6 million tons of paper waste per year in the United States alone. The average office worker in the US prints 31 pages every day. Americans also use on the order of 16 billion paper cups per year."}], ["Penggunaan kertas di seluruh dunia telah meningkat sebanyak 400% dalam tempoh 40 tahun yang lalu menyebabkan peningkatan dalam penebangan hutan, dengan 35% pokok panen yang digunakan untuk pembuatan kertas. Kebanyakan syarikat kertas juga menanam pokok untuk membantu pertumbuhan semula hutan. Pembalakan hutan pertumbuhan lama menyumbang kurang daripada 10% pulpa kayu, tetapi merupakan salah satu isu yang paling kontroversi. <> Dalam 40 tahun yang lalu, berapa banyak pengambilan kertas di seluruh dunia meningkat? || 400% <> Apakah peratusan pokok panen digunakan dalam pembuatan kertas? || 35% <> Apa syarikat syarikat kertas lakukan untuk memastikan kesihatan hutan? || pokok tumbuhan <> Berapa peratus pulpa kayu berasal dari pokok tua? || 10% <> Apa yang telah meningkat sebanyak 35% selama 400 tahun yang lalu? || <> Dengan berapa banyak pengambilan kertas di seluruh dunia menurun dalam tempoh 40 tahun yang lalu? || <> Apa yang paling untuk menanam hutan untuk membantu syarikat-syarikat semula? || <> Apa yang menyumbang lebih daripada 10% pulpa kayu? || <> Berapa peratus daripada penuaian pokok tidak digunakan untuk membuat kertas? || <> Dalam 10 tahun yang lalu, berapa banyak pengambilan kertas di seluruh dunia meningkat? || <> Sebanyak peratus daripada semak yang dituai digunakan dalam pembuatan kertas? || <> Apa syarikat syarikat kertas lakukan untuk memastikan kesihatan lautan? || <> Berapa peratus pulpa kayu berasal dari pokok pertumbuhan baru? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In the last 40 years, how much has worldwide paper consumption risen?", "id": "56e768a600c9c71400d770d4", "answers": [{"text": "400%", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of harvested trees are used in the manufacturing of paper?", "id": "56e768a600c9c71400d770d5", "answers": [{"text": "35%", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do many paper companies do to ensure the health of forests?", "id": "56e768a600c9c71400d770d6", "answers": [{"text": "plant trees", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of wood pulp comes from old-growth trees?", "id": "56e768a600c9c71400d770d7", "answers": [{"text": "10%", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Worldwide consumption of paper", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What has risen by 35% over the last 400 years?", "id": "5ad50d5b5b96ef001a10aafe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "400%", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "By how much has worldwide consumption of paper decreased over the last 40 years?", "id": "5ad50d5b5b96ef001a10aaff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "trees", "answer_start": 202}], "question": "What to most forest plant to help regrow companies?", "id": "5ad50d5b5b96ef001a10ab00", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Logging of old growth forests", "answer_start": 232}], "question": "What accounts for more than 10% of wood pulp?", "id": "5ad50d5b5b96ef001a10ab01", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "35%", "answer_start": 113}], "question": "What percentage of trees harvested are not used for making paper?", "id": "5ad50d5b5b96ef001a10ab02", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "400%", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "In the last 10 years, how much has worldwide paper consumption risen?", "id": "5ad69176191832001aa7b239", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "35%", "answer_start": 113}], "question": "What percentage of harvested bushes are used in the manufacturing of paper?", "id": "5ad69176191832001aa7b23a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "plant trees", "answer_start": 196}], "question": " What do many paper companies do to ensure the health of oceans?", "id": "5ad69176191832001aa7b23b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10%", "answer_start": 285}], "question": " What percentage of wood pulp comes from new-growth trees?", "id": "5ad69176191832001aa7b23c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in the past 40 years leading to increase in deforestation, with 35% of harvested trees being used for paper manufacture. Most paper companies also plant trees to help regrow forests. Logging of old growth forests accounts for less than 10% of wood pulp, but is one of the most controversial issues."}], ["Pemutihan kayu pulpa yang konvensional menggunakan klorin unsur menghasilkan dan melepaskan ke dalam persekitaran sejumlah besar sebatian organik berklorin, termasuk dioksin berklorin. Dioksin diiktiraf sebagai bahan pencemar alam sekitar yang berterusan, dikawal selia di peringkat antarabangsa oleh Konvensyen Stockholm mengenai Pencemar Organik Persisten. Dioksin adalah sangat toksik, dan kesan kesihatan pada manusia termasuk masalah pembiakan, perkembangan, kekebalan dan hormon. Mereka dikenali sebagai karsinogenik. Lebih 90% pendedahan manusia adalah melalui makanan, terutamanya daging, tenusu, ikan dan kerang-kerang, seperti dioksin yang terkumpul di rantai makanan di tisu lemak haiwan. <> Apa proses pembuatan kertas yang paling banyak dikaitkan dengan pencemaran? || Pemutihan <> Bagaimana manusia biasanya terdedah kepada hasil sampingan proses pelunturan? || melalui makanan <> Di mana terdapat dioksin yang disimpan di sumber haiwan kami? || tisu lemak <> Agensi mana yang mengawal selia dioksin secara antarabangsa? || Konvensyen Stockholm mengenai Pencemar Organik Persisten <> Apa pelunturan pembebasan daging ke dalam alam sekitar? || <> Apa pelunturan pengeluaran susu ke dalam alam sekitar? || <> Apakah pelunturan pembebasan ikan ke dalam alam sekitar? || <> Agensi mana yang mengawal selia dioksin secara nasional? || <> Apa proses papermaking paling kurang berkaitan dengan pencemaran? || <> Bagaimanakah manusia tidak terdedah kepada produk sampingan proses pelunturan? || <> Di mana dioxin diusir di sumber makanan haiwan kita? || <> Agensi apa yang mengawal selia dioksin secara nasional? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What process of papermaking is most heavily linked to the pollution?", "id": "56e76a5800c9c71400d770f3", "answers": [{"text": "bleaching", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are humans commonly exposed to the byproducts of the bleaching process?", "id": "56e76a5800c9c71400d770f4", "answers": [{"text": "through food", "answer_start": 522}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are dioxins stored in our animal sources of food?", "id": "56e76a5800c9c71400d770f5", "answers": [{"text": "fatty tissue", "answer_start": 626}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What agency internationally regulates dioxins?", "id": "56e76a5800c9c71400d770f6", "answers": [{"text": "the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "large amounts of chlorinated organic compounds", "answer_start": 104}], "question": "What does bleaching of meat release into the environment?", "id": "5ad50e3e5b96ef001a10ab1c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "large amounts of chlorinated organic compounds", "answer_start": 104}], "question": "What does bleaching of dairy release into the environment?", "id": "5ad50e3e5b96ef001a10ab1d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "large amounts of chlorinated organic compounds", "answer_start": 104}], "question": "What does bleaching of fish release into the environment?", "id": "5ad50e3e5b96ef001a10ab1e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants", "answer_start": 280}], "question": "Which agency nationally regulates dioxins?", "id": "5ad50e3e5b96ef001a10ab1f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "bleaching", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "What process of papermaking is least heavily linked to the pollution?", "id": "5ad691e4191832001aa7b251", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "through food", "answer_start": 522}], "question": "How are humans uncommonly exposed to the byproducts of the bleaching process?", "id": "5ad691e4191832001aa7b252", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fatty tissue", "answer_start": 626}], "question": " Where are dioxins expelled in our animal sources of food?", "id": "5ad691e4191832001aa7b253", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Stockholm Convention", "answer_start": 280}], "question": " What agency nationally regulates dioxins?", "id": "5ad691e4191832001aa7b254", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Conventional bleaching of wood pulp using elemental chlorine produces and releases into the environment large amounts of chlorinated organic compounds, including chlorinated dioxins. Dioxins are recognized as a persistent environmental pollutant, regulated internationally by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Dioxins are highly toxic, and health effects on humans include reproductive, developmental, immune and hormonal problems. They are known to be carcinogenic. Over 90% of human exposure is through food, primarily meat, dairy, fish and shellfish, as dioxins accumulate in the food chain in the fatty tissue of animals."}], ["Kertas yang diperbuat daripada pulpa mekanikal mengandungi sejumlah besar lignin, komponen utama dalam kayu. Dengan kehadiran cahaya dan oksigen, lignin bertindak balas untuk memberikan bahan-bahan kuning, itulah sebabnya kertas cetak dan kertas mekanik lain kuning dengan usia. Kertas yang dibuat daripada kraft atau sulfit pulpa tidak mengandungi sejumlah besar lignin dan oleh itu lebih sesuai untuk buku, dokumen dan aplikasi lain di mana keputihan kertas itu penting. <> Apa zarah dikaitkan dengan surat khabar yang menguning? || lignin <> Sebuah buku mungkin dibuat dengan kertas yang mempunyai jumlah kayu yang rendah? || lignin <> Apakah lignin bertindak balas untuk menghasilkan kuning yang anda lihat di akhbar? || cahaya dan oksigen <> Apakah lignin yang diperbuat daripada pulpa mekanikal mengandungi sejumlah besar? || <> Apakah komponen utama lignin? || <> Apabila kurang cahaya dan oksigen, apa jenis bahan yang bertindak balas terhadap lignin? || <> Apakah kertas yang dibuat daripada kraf yang diluntur mengandungi sejumlah besar? || <> Apakah kertas yang dibuat daripada pulpa sulfite mengandungi sejumlah besar? || <> Apa zarah dikaitkan dengan penghijauan surat khabar? || <> Sebuah buku mungkin dibuat dengan kertas yang mempunyai jumlah kayu yang tinggi? || <> Apakah lignin bertindak balas untuk menghasilkan penghijauan yang anda lihat di akhbar? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What particle is associated with the yellowing of newspapers?", "id": "56e765dc37bdd419002c3f36", "answers": [{"text": "lignin", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A book is likely made with paper that has low amounts of what component of wood?", "id": "56e765dc37bdd419002c3f38", "answers": [{"text": "lignin", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does lignin react to to produce the yellowing you see in newspapers?", "id": "56e765dc37bdd419002c3f39", "answers": [{"text": "light and oxygen", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Paper", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What does lignin made from mechanical pulp contain significant amounts of?", "id": "5ad50bf65b96ef001a10aac2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "wood", "answer_start": 93}], "question": "What is a major component of lignin?", "id": "5ad50bf65b96ef001a10aac3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "yellow materials", "answer_start": 158}], "question": "When lacking light and oxygen, what type of materials does lignin react to give?", "id": "5ad50bf65b96ef001a10aac4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lignin", "answer_start": 332}], "question": "What does paper made from bleached kraft contain a significant amount of?", "id": "5ad50bf65b96ef001a10aac5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lignin", "answer_start": 332}], "question": "What does paper made from sulfite pulps contain a significant amount of?", "id": "5ad50bf65b96ef001a10aac6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lignin", "answer_start": 136}], "question": "What particle is associated with the greening of newspapers?", "id": "5ad690f9191832001aa7b229", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lignin", "answer_start": 136}], "question": "A book is likely made with paper that has high amounts of what component of wood?", "id": "5ad690f9191832001aa7b22a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "light and oxygen", "answer_start": 118}], "question": "What does lignin react to to produce the greening you see in newspapers?", "id": "5ad690f9191832001aa7b22b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Paper made from mechanical pulp contains significant amounts of lignin, a major component in wood. In the presence of light and oxygen, lignin reacts to give yellow materials, which is why newsprint and other mechanical paper yellows with age. Paper made from bleached kraft or sulfite pulps does not contain significant amounts of lignin and is therefore better suited for books, documents and other applications where whiteness of the paper is essential."}], ["Kebanyakan kertas awal yang dibuat dari pulpa kayu mengandungi sejumlah besar alum, pelbagai garam aluminium sulfat yang sangat berasid. Alum telah ditambahkan ke kertas untuk membantu dalam saiz, menjadikannya agak tahan air supaya dakwat tidak \"lari\" atau tersebar tidak terkendali. Pembuat awal tidak menyedari bahawa alum yang mereka tambah dengan bebas untuk menyembuhkan hampir setiap masalah yang dihadapi dalam membuat produk mereka akhirnya akan memudaratkan. Serat selulosa yang membentuk kertas dihidrolisiskan oleh asid, dan kehadiran alum akhirnya akan merendahkan serat sehingga kertas disintegrasikan dalam suatu proses yang telah dikenali sebagai \"api perlahan\". Dokumen-dokumen yang ditulis di atas kertas kain adalah lebih stabil. Penggunaan bahan tambahan bukan berasid untuk membuat kertas menjadi lebih lazim, dan kestabilan kertas-kertas ini kurang daripada masalah. <> Apakah garam asid yang biasa dijumpai pada jenis awal kertas yang dihasilkan? || Alum <> pencipta awal menambah alum untuk membantu dalam proses apa? || ukuran <> Bagaimana kertas kain lebih baik daripada jenis kertas awal yang dibuat menggunakan alum? || lebih stabil <> Apa banyak pulpa kayu yang diperbuat dari kertas? || <> Apa yang telah dikeluarkan dari kertas untuk membantu dalam saiz? || <> Apakah lebih banyak masalah dengan kertas yang dibuat dengan bahan tambahan bukan berasid? || <> Apa yang menjadi kurang popular semasa membuat kertas? || <> Dengan apakah serat asid yang membentuk hidrolisis? || <> Apa garam berasid yang jarang ditemui pada jenis awal kertas yang dihasilkan? || <> Pembuat kertas lewat menambah alum untuk membantu dalam proses apa? || <> Bagaimana kertas kain lebih rendah daripada jenis kertas awal yang dibuat menggunakan alum? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What acidic salts were commonly found in the early types of paper produced?", "id": "56e7650200c9c71400d77098", "answers": [{"text": "Alum", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Early papermakers added alum to help in what process?", "id": "56e7650200c9c71400d77099", "answers": [{"text": "sizing", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How was rag paper superior to the early types of paper made using alum?", "id": "56e7650200c9c71400d7709b", "answers": [{"text": "more stable", "answer_start": 710}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "significant amounts of alum", "answer_start": 54}], "question": "What did a lot of the wood pulp made from paper contain?", "id": "5ad50b925b96ef001a10aaa4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Alum", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "What was took out of paper to assist in sizing?", "id": "5ad50b925b96ef001a10aaa5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "stability", "answer_start": 805}], "question": "What is more of an issue with papers made with non acidic additives?", "id": "5ad50b925b96ef001a10aaa6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "use of non-acidic additives", "answer_start": 727}], "question": "What is becoming less prevalent when making paper?", "id": "5ad50b925b96ef001a10aaa7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cellulose", "answer_start": 454}], "question": "By what are the acid fibers that make up paper hydrolyzed?", "id": "5ad50b925b96ef001a10aaa8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "alum", "answer_start": 77}], "question": "What acidic salts were uncommonly found in the early types of paper produced?", "id": "5ad690cf191832001aa7b223", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sizing", "answer_start": 187}], "question": " Late papermakers added alum to help in what process?", "id": "5ad690cf191832001aa7b224", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "more stable", "answer_start": 710}], "question": " How was rag paper inferior to the early types of paper made using alum?", "id": "5ad690cf191832001aa7b225", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Much of the early paper made from wood pulp contained significant amounts of alum, a variety of aluminium sulfate salts that is significantly acidic. Alum was added to paper to assist in sizing, making it somewhat water resistant so that inks did not \"run\" or spread uncontrollably. Early papermakers did not realize that the alum they added liberally to cure almost every problem encountered in making their product would eventually be detrimental. The cellulose fibres that make up paper are hydrolyzed by acid, and the presence of alum would eventually degrade the fibres until the paper disintegrated in a process that has come to be known as \"slow fire\". Documents written on rag paper were significantly more stable. The use of non-acidic additives to make paper is becoming more prevalent, and the stability of these papers is less of an issue."}], ["Sistem ISO 216 yang digunakan di kebanyakan negara lain adalah berdasarkan pada permukaan permukaan selembar kertas, bukan pada lebar dan panjang lembaran. Ia mula diterima pakai di Jerman pada tahun 1922 dan secara amnya merebak sebagai negara mengadopsi sistem metrik. Kertas saiz standard terbesar adalah A0 (A sifar), mengukur satu meter persegi (lebih kurang 1189 \u00d7 841 mm). Dua helai A1, diletakkan sebelah kanan dengan tepat tepat ke dalam satu helai A0 diletakkan di sisinya. Begitu juga, dua helai A2 sesuai dengan satu helai A1 dan sebagainya. Saiz biasa yang digunakan di pejabat dan rumah adalah A4 dan A3 (saiz A3 adalah dua helaian A4). <> Kebanyakan negara selain Amerika Syarikat menggunakan sistem ISO? || ISO 216 <> Negara mana yang pertama menggunakan standard ISO 216? || Jerman <> Apakah kertas ukuran standard terbesar? || A0 <> Berapa banyak kepingan kertas A1 akan meliputi satu kepingan kertas A0? || 2 <> Apakah kertas yang paling banyak bernombor yang biasa digunakan di rumah? || A3 <> Daripada luas permukaan kertas, apakah sistem ISO 216 berdasarkan? || <> Bilakah sistem ISO 1189 mula-mula diterima pakai di Jerman? || <> Apakah saiz kertas piawai terkecil? || <> Berapa banyak helai A1 sesuai dengan helaian A2? || <> Apakah beberapa saiz biasa yang tidak pernah digunakan di rumah atau pejabat? || <> Kebanyakan negara selain UK menggunakan sistem ISO? || <> Negara apa yang pertama menolak standard ISO 216? || <> Apakah kertas ukuran standard terkecil? || <> Berapa banyak helaian kertas A1 akan meliputi satu kepingan kertas AD? || <> Apa yang paling kurang bernombor A kertas yang jarang digunakan di rumah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Most countries besides the US use what ISO System?", "id": "56e7632700c9c71400d7707c", "answers": [{"text": "ISO 216", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country first adopted the ISO 216 standard?", "id": "56e7632700c9c71400d7707d", "answers": [{"text": "Germany", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the largest standard size paper?", "id": "56e7632700c9c71400d7707e", "answers": [{"text": "A0", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many sheets of A1 paper would cover one single piece of A0 paper?", "id": "56e7632700c9c71400d7707f", "answers": [{"text": "2", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the lowest numbered A paper that is commonly used at home?", "id": "56e7632700c9c71400d77080", "answers": [{"text": "A3", "answer_start": 552}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "width and length", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "Instead of the surface area of paper, what is the ISO 216 system based on?", "id": "5ad5089c5b96ef001a10aa72", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1922", "answer_start": 168}], "question": "When was the ISO 1189 system first adopted in Germany?", "id": "5ad5089c5b96ef001a10aa73", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "A0", "answer_start": 267}], "question": "What is the smallest standard paper size?", "id": "5ad5089c5b96ef001a10aa74", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 440}], "question": "How many sheets of A1 fit into a sheet of A2?", "id": "5ad5089c5b96ef001a10aa75", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "A4 and A3", "answer_start": 545}], "question": "What are some common sizes never used in the home or office?", "id": "5ad5089c5b96ef001a10aa76", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ISO 216", "answer_start": 4}], "question": " Most countries besides the UK use what ISO System?", "id": "5ad69091191832001aa7b215", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Germany", "answer_start": 157}], "question": " What country first rejected the ISO 216 standard?", "id": "5ad69091191832001aa7b216", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "A0", "answer_start": 267}], "question": " What is the smallest standard size paper?", "id": "5ad69091191832001aa7b217", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "A2", "answer_start": 454}], "question": " How many sheets of A1 paper would cover one single piece of AD paper?", "id": "5ad69091191832001aa7b218", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "A3", "answer_start": 556}], "question": "What is the lowest numbered A paper that is uncommonly used at home?", "id": "5ad69091191832001aa7b219", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The ISO 216 system used in most other countries is based on the surface area of a sheet of paper, not on a sheet's width and length. It was first adopted in Germany in 1922 and generally spread as nations adopted the metric system. The largest standard size paper is A0 (A zero), measuring one square meter (approx. 1189 \u00d7 841 mm). Two sheets of A1, placed upright side by side fit exactly into one sheet of A0 laid on its side. Similarly, two sheets of A2 fit into one sheet of A1 and so forth. Common sizes used in the office and the home are A4 and A3 (A3 is the size of two A4 sheets)."}], ["Proses kitar semula kertas boleh menggunakan pulpa kimia atau mekanikal yang dihasilkan; dengan mencampurkannya dengan air dan menerapkan tindakan mekanikal ikatan hidrogen di dalam kertas boleh dipecahkan dan gentian dipisahkan semula. Kebanyakan kertas kitar semula mengandungi sebahagian daripada serat dara demi kualiti; secara amnya, pulpa de-inked adalah kualiti yang sama atau lebih rendah daripada kertas yang dikumpul yang dibuat daripada. <> Jenis proses apa yang hanya boleh menggunakan pulpa yang dihasilkan secara kimia? || <> Jenis proses apa yang hanya boleh menggunakan pulpa yang dihasilkan secara mekanikal? || <> Apa yang kebanyakan air mengandungi demi kualiti? || <> Apakah kualiti pulpa dakwat umumnya ada? || <> Dari kertas apa pulp de-inked umumnya mempunyai kualiti yang lebih tinggi? || <> Apa proses kitar semula kertas cara ketiga yang boleh digunakan? || <> Apa yang mencampurkannya dengan susu? || <> Berapa banyak kertas bukan kitar semula mengandungi serat dara? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Paper recycling processes", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What type of processes can only use chemically produced pulp?", "id": "5ad4fb455b96ef001a10a86e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Paper recycling processes", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What type of processes can only use mechanically produced pulp?", "id": "5ad4fb455b96ef001a10a86f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "proportion of virgin fibre", "answer_start": 243}], "question": "What does most water contain for quality sake?", "id": "5ad4fb455b96ef001a10a870", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "same quality or lower than the collected paper it was made from.", "answer_start": 339}], "question": "What quality does inked pulp generally have?", "id": "5ad4fb455b96ef001a10a871", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the collected paper it was made from.", "answer_start": 366}], "question": "From what paper does de-inked pulp generally have a higher quality?", "id": "5ad4fb455b96ef001a10a872", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pulp", "answer_start": 77}], "question": "What's the third way paper recycling process can use?", "id": "5ad68e70191832001aa7b1c5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hydrogen bonds in the paper can be broken and fibres separated again", "answer_start": 142}], "question": "What does mixing it with milk do?", "id": "5ad68e70191832001aa7b1c6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Most", "answer_start": 212}], "question": "How much non-recycled paper contains virgin fibre?", "id": "5ad68e70191832001aa7b1c7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Paper recycling processes can use either chemically or mechanically produced pulp; by mixing it with water and applying mechanical action the hydrogen bonds in the paper can be broken and fibres separated again. Most recycled paper contains a proportion of virgin fibre for the sake of quality; generally speaking, de-inked pulp is of the same quality or lower than the collected paper it was made from."}], ["Dengan peningkatan kepelbagaian alam sekitar mengenai pelapis sintetik (seperti PFOA) dan harga petrokimia berasaskan hidrokarbon yang lebih tinggi, terdapat fokus pada zein (protein jagung) sebagai pelapis untuk kertas dalam aplikasi gris tinggi seperti beg popcorn. <> Apa yang baru digunakan sebagai salutan dalam aplikasi gris tinggi? || protein jagung <> Beg popcorn yang dihasilkan moden mungkin menggunakan jenis lapisan apa? || protein jagung <> PFOA adalah jenis salutan? || sintetik <> Dalam apa cara zein tidak boleh digunakan? || <> Jenis salutan apa yang mungkin ada beg hidrokarbon? || <> Apakah istilah lain untuk protein sintetik? || <> Kepada apa yang ada penurunan kebimbangan alam sekitar? || <> Apa contoh salutan semulajadi? || <> Apa yang tidak lagi digunakan sebagai salutan dalam aplikasi gris tinggi? || <> Beg sampah yang dihasilkan moden mungkin menggunakan jenis lapisan apa? || <> PFOA adalah jenis kertas apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is newly used as a coating in high grease applications?", "id": "56e76bdd00c9c71400d77104", "answers": [{"text": "corn protein", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Popcorn bags produced modernly are likely to use what type of coating?", "id": "56e76bdd00c9c71400d77106", "answers": [{"text": "corn protein", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "PFOA is what type of coating?", "id": "56e76bdd00c9c71400d77107", "answers": [{"text": "synthetic", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "as a coating for paper in high grease applications", "answer_start": 178}], "question": "In what way can zein not be used?", "id": "5ad50f335b96ef001a10ab38", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "zein", "answer_start": 158}], "question": "What type of coating would a hydrocarbon bag likely have?", "id": "5ad50f335b96ef001a10ab39", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "zein", "answer_start": 158}], "question": "What is another term for synthetic protein?", "id": "5ad50f335b96ef001a10ab3a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "about synthetic coatings", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "To what are there decreasing environmental concerns?", "id": "5ad50f335b96ef001a10ab3b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "PFOA", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "What is an example of a natural coating?", "id": "5ad50f335b96ef001a10ab3c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "corn protein", "answer_start": 164}], "question": "What is no longer used as a coating in high grease applications?", "id": "5ad6924b191832001aa7b261", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "corn protein", "answer_start": 164}], "question": "Garbage bags produced modernly are likely to use what type of coating?", "id": "5ad6924b191832001aa7b262", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "synthetic", "answer_start": 45}], "question": " PFOA is what type of paper?", "id": "5ad6924b191832001aa7b263", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "With increasing environmental concerns about synthetic coatings (such as PFOA) and the higher prices of hydrocarbon based petrochemicals, there is a focus on zein (corn protein) as a coating for paper in high grease applications such as popcorn bags."}]], [["Satu dorongan besar untuk pembangunan format radio AC ialah apabila muzik rock dan roll pertama kali menjadi popular pada pertengahan tahun 1950-an, banyak lagi stesen radio konservatif ingin terus memainkan lagu-lagu hit semasa sambil menyingkir dari batu. Stesen-stadium tengah (atau \"MOR\") ini juga sering kali merangkumi piawaian dewasa yang lebih tua, pra-rock dan tajuk-tajuk band besar untuk merayu kepada pendengar dewasa yang telah dewasa dengan lagu-lagu tersebut. <> Semasa dekad apa muzik rock dan roll pertama meningkat kepada populariti? || 1950-an <> Apakah akta MOR berdiri? || tengah jalan <> Bersama dengan piawaian pra-batu, apakah jenis lagu lama yang dimainkan oleh stesen MOR? || tajuk band besar", {"qas": [{"question": "During what decade did rock and roll music first rise to popularity?", "id": "56e6c3edde9d37140006802a", "answers": [{"text": "1950s", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the acronym MOR stand for?", "id": "56e6c3edde9d37140006802b", "answers": [{"text": "middle of the road", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with pre-rock standards, what type of older songs did MOR stations play?", "id": "56e6c3edde9d37140006802c", "answers": [{"text": "big band titles", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One big impetus for the development of the AC radio format was that, when rock and roll music first became popular in the mid-1950s, many more conservative radio stations wanted to continue to play current hit songs while shying away from rock. These middle of the road (or \"MOR\") stations also frequently included older, pre-rock-era adult standards and big band titles to further appeal to adult listeners who had grown up with those songs."}], ["Kontemporari dewasa adalah berat pada balada sentimental romantis yang kebanyakannya menggunakan alat akustik (walaupun gitar bass biasanya digunakan) seperti gitar akustik, piano, saksofon, dan kadang-kadang suatu orkestra. Gitar elektrik biasanya pingsan dan nyaring. Walau bagaimanapun, muzik kontemporari dewasa baru-baru ini mungkin biasanya menampilkan pene synthesizer (dan elektronik lain, seperti mesin drum). <> Jenis lagu apa yang sering dilihat dalam genre kontemporari dewasa? || ballads sentimental romantis <> Bersama dengan penyusun sintesis, kadangkala instrumen elektronik yang kadang-kadang muncul dalam kontemporatur dewasa moden? || mesin drum <> Apakah jenis instrumen umum yang digunakan dalam kontemporari dewasa? || akustik <> Apa alat elektrik sering dilihat pada kontempor dewasa? || gitar bass <> Bersama-sama dengan pengsan, apakah ciri khas yang terdapat dalam gitar elektrik yang digunakan dalam kontemporatur dewasa? || nada tinggi", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of song is frequently seen in the adult contemporary genre?", "id": "56e6b8c76fe0821900b8eb4c", "answers": [{"text": "romantic sentimental ballads", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with synthesizers, what electronic instruments sometimes appear in modern adult contemporary?", "id": "56e6b8c76fe0821900b8eb4d", "answers": [{"text": "drum machines", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What general type of instruments tend to be used in adult contemporary?", "id": "56e6b8c76fe0821900b8eb4e", "answers": [{"text": "acoustic", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What electric instrument is often seen in adult contemporary?", "id": "56e6b8c76fe0821900b8eb4f", "answers": [{"text": "bass guitar", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with being faint, what characteristic is usually present in electric guitars used in adult contemporary?", "id": "56e6b8c76fe0821900b8eb50", "answers": [{"text": "high-pitched", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Adult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines)."}], ["Satu lagi dorongan besar untuk evolusi format radio AC adalah populariti mudah mendengar atau \"muzik indah\" stesen, stesen dengan muzik yang direka khusus untuk menjadi semata-mata ambien. Sedangkan muzik mendengarkan yang paling mudah berperanan, dicipta oleh artis-artis yang kurang dikenali, dan jarang dibeli, AC merupakan percubaan untuk mencipta format \"lite\" yang sama dengan memilih trek tertentu (kedua-dua hit single dan pemotongan album) artis terkenal. <> Apa istilah lain untuk stesen pendengaran mudah? || Muzik yang cantik <> Mudah mendengar adalah muzik jenis apa? || instrumental <> Apa jenis lagu dari artis terkenal yang bermain radio kontemporari dewasa? || memukul perseorangan dan pemotongan album <> Jenis format apa yang dimaksudkan oleh stesen dewasa kontemporari dan mudah didengar? || lite", {"qas": [{"question": "What was another term for easy listening stations?", "id": "56e6c4996fe0821900b8eb5e", "answers": [{"text": "beautiful music", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Easy listening was predominately what type of music?", "id": "56e6c4996fe0821900b8eb5f", "answers": [{"text": "instrumental", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What types of tracks from popular artists did adult contemporary radio play?", "id": "56e6c4996fe0821900b8eb60", "answers": [{"text": "hit singles and album cuts", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of format were adult contemporary and easy listening stations meant to share?", "id": "56e6c4996fe0821900b8eb61", "answers": [{"text": "lite", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Another big impetus for the evolution of the AC radio format was the popularity of easy listening or \"beautiful music\" stations, stations with music specifically designed to be purely ambient. Whereas most easy listening music was instrumental, created by relatively unknown artists, and rarely purchased, AC was an attempt to create a similar \"lite\" format by choosing certain tracks (both hit singles and album cuts) of popular artists."}], ["Kontemporari dewasa cenderung mempunyai ciri-ciri yang subur, menenangkan dan sangat digilap di mana penekanan pada melodi dan harmoni semakin menonjol. Ia biasanya melodi cukup untuk mendapatkan perhatian pendengar, dan tidak menyenangkan dan menyenangkan untuk berfungsi dengan baik sebagai muzik latar. Seperti kebanyakan muzik pop, lagu-lagunya cenderung ditulis dalam format asas yang menggunakan struktur ayat-chorus. <> Bersama dengan harmoni, apakah aspek muzik yang ditekankan dalam kontemporari dewasa? || melodi <> Apakah struktur khas lagu kontemporari dewasa? || Struktur chorus verse <> Dengan gaya muzik apa yang lebih luas dewasa kontemporari berkongsi strukturnya? || muzik pop <> Bersama-sama dengan keseronokan, sifat apa yang menjadikan kontempor dewasa dewasa sesuai untuk muzik latar belakang? || tidak penting", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with harmonies, what aspect of music is emphasized in adult contemporary?", "id": "56e6b8436fe0821900b8eb44", "answers": [{"text": "melody", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the typical structure of an adult contemporary song?", "id": "56e6b8436fe0821900b8eb45", "answers": [{"text": "verse\u2013chorus structure", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With what broader style of music does adult contemporary share its structure?", "id": "56e6b8436fe0821900b8eb46", "answers": [{"text": "pop music", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with being pleasurable, what trait makes adult contemporary appropriate for background music?", "id": "56e6b8436fe0821900b8eb47", "answers": [{"text": "inoffensive", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Adult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure."}], ["Pada mulanya, para vokalis terdiri daripada artis seperti Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Johnny Mathis, Connie Francis, Nat King Cole, Perry Como, dan lain-lain. Rekod tersuai biasanya merupakan versi instrumental dari lagu rock rock dan roll terkini atau pop terkini, satu langkah yang bertujuan untuk memberi stesen lebih banyak rayuan massa tanpa menjual. Sesetengah stesen juga kadang-kadang akan memainkan rakaman era band yang lebih awal dari tahun 1940-an dan awal 1950-an. <> Bersama dengan Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Johnny Mathis, Nat King Cole, dan Perry Como, yang merupakan artis radio kontempor dewasa dewasa yang terkemuka di dunia? || Connie Francis <> Apa jenis sampul lagu pop dan rock yang biasanya dimainkan pada kontempor dewasa dewasa? || instrumental <> Apa lagu-lagu dari tahun 1940-an dan 1950-an akan bermain stesen kontemporari dewasa? || rakaman era band besar", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Johnny Mathis, Nat King Cole, and Perry Como, who was a prominent early adult contemporary radio artist?", "id": "56e6c2f6de9d37140006801c", "answers": [{"text": "Connie Francis", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of covers of pop and rock songs were usually played on adult contemporary?", "id": "56e6c2f6de9d37140006801d", "answers": [{"text": "instrumental", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What songs from the 1940s and 1950s would adult contemporary stations play?", "id": "56e6c2f6de9d37140006801e", "answers": [{"text": "big band-era recordings", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Initially, the vocalists consisted of artists such as Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Johnny Mathis, Connie Francis, Nat King Cole, Perry Como, and others. The custom recordings were usually instrumental versions of current or recent rock and roll or pop hit songs, a move intended to give the stations more mass appeal without selling out. Some stations would also occasionally play earlier big band-era recordings from the 1940s and early 1950s."}], ["Selepas tahun 1965, perbezaan antara carta Hot 100 dan carta Easy Listening menjadi lebih jelas. Lebih baik mencerminkan apa yang di tengah-tengah stesen jalan sebenarnya bermain, komposisi carta berubah secara dramatik. Sebagai muzik rock terus mengeras, terdapat crossover kurang antara cawangan Hot 100 dan Easy Listening daripada pada awal tahun 1960-an. Roger Miller, Barbra Streisand dan Bobby Vinton adalah antara pelakon paling carta. <> Carta apakah yang membuat carta Mudah Mendengar mula menyimpang dari? || carta Hot 100 <> Pada tahun berapakah carta Easy Listening dan Hot 100 mula menyimpang? || 1965 <> Bersama dengan Roger Miller dan Barbra Streisand, yang merupakan seniman Easy Listening yang berjaya di era ini? || Bobby Vinton <> Mengapa crossover antara Hot 100 dan Easy Listening berkurang? || muzik rock terus mengeraskan", {"qas": [{"question": "What chart did the Easy Listening chart begin to diverge from?", "id": "56e6c362de9d371400068022", "answers": [{"text": "the Hot 100 chart", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Easy Listening and Hot 100 charts begin to diverge?", "id": "56e6c362de9d371400068023", "answers": [{"text": "1965", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Roger Miller and Barbra Streisand, who was a successful Easy Listening artist in this era?", "id": "56e6c362de9d371400068024", "answers": [{"text": "Bobby Vinton", "answer_start": 425}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did the crossover between Hot 100 and Easy Listening decrease?", "id": "56e6c362de9d371400068025", "answers": [{"text": "rock music continued to harden", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After 1965, differences between the Hot 100 chart and the Easy Listening chart became more pronounced. Better reflecting what middle of the road stations were actually playing, the composition of the chart changed dramatically. As rock music continued to harden, there was much less crossover between the Hot 100 and Easy Listening chart than there had been in the early half of the 1960s. Roger Miller, Barbra Streisand and Bobby Vinton were among the chart's most popular performers."}], ["Selama bertahun-tahun, AC telah menghasilkan subgenres termasuk \"AC panas\", \"AC lembut\" (juga dikenali sebagai \"AC lite\"), \"AC bandar\", \"AC berirama\" dan \"AC Kristian\" muzik). Sesetengah stesen hanya memainkan \"AC panas\", \"AC lembut\", atau hanya satu daripada pelbagai subgenres. Oleh itu, ia tidak biasanya dianggap genre muzik tertentu; ia hanyalah rakaman trek yang dipilih daripada pemuzik pelbagai genre yang berbeza. <> Apa yang dikenali sebagai AC lite? || AC <> Apa itu Christian AC sebuah subgenre? || muzik Kristian kontemporari <> Bersama dengan AC panas, lembut, bandar dan Kristian, apa lagi masa yang menonjol dari muzik kontemporari dewasa? || AC berirama", {"qas": [{"question": "What is lite AC otherwise known as?", "id": "56e6bfc4de9d37140006800c", "answers": [{"text": "soft AC", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Christian AC a subgenre of?", "id": "56e6bfc4de9d37140006800d", "answers": [{"text": "contemporary Christian music", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with hot, soft, urban and Christian AC, what is another prominent time of adult contemporary music?", "id": "56e6bfc4de9d37140006800e", "answers": [{"text": "rhythmic AC", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Over the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\", \"soft AC\" (also known as \"lite AC\"), \"urban AC\", \"rhythmic AC\", and \"Christian AC\" (a softer type of contemporary Christian music). Some stations play only \"hot AC\", \"soft AC\", or only one of the variety of subgenres. Therefore, it is not usually considered a specific genre of music; it is merely an assemblage of selected tracks from musicians of many different genres."}], ["Muzik kontemporari dewasa (AC) adalah gaya muzik, mulai dari tahun 1960-an dengan vokal dan muzik muzik rock pada tahun 1970-an hingga kini muzik-musik balada-berat pada masa kini, dengan pelbagai pendengaran, pop, jiwa, irama dan blues yang mudah, dan pengaruh batu. Kontemporari orang dewasa agak merupakan kesinambungan gaya rock mudah mendengarkan dan lembut yang menjadi popular pada tahun 1960-an dan 1970-an dengan beberapa penyesuaian yang mencerminkan evolusi muzik pop / rock. <> Bersama pop, jiwa, irama dan blues, ribut tenang, dan batu, apa gaya muzik yang mempengaruhi kontempor dewasa dewasa? || mudah mendengar <> Apakah gaya musik kontemporari dewasa pada 1970-an? || muzik rock <> Apa jenis muzik kontemporari dewasa yang popular pada tahun 1960-an? || vokal <> Apakah akronim AC berdiri? || Dewasa kontemporari <> Bersama dengan pendengaran yang mudah, kontemporari dewasa adalah kesinambungan hari moden gaya muzik apa? || batu lembut", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock, what musical style influenced adult contemporary?", "id": "56e6b7e56fe0821900b8eb3a", "answers": [{"text": "easy listening", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the prevailing style of adult contemporary music in the 1970s?", "id": "56e6b7e56fe0821900b8eb3b", "answers": [{"text": "soft rock", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of adult contemporary music was popular in the 1960s?", "id": "56e6b7e56fe0821900b8eb3c", "answers": [{"text": "vocal", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the acronym AC stand for?", "id": "56e6b7e56fe0821900b8eb3d", "answers": [{"text": "Adult contemporary", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with easy listening, adult contemporary is a modern day continuation of what style of music?", "id": "56e6b7e56fe0821900b8eb3e", "answers": [{"text": "soft rock", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music."}], ["Stesen radio AC boleh memainkan muzik arus perdana, tetapi mereka akan menolak hip hop, trek tarian, batu keras, dan beberapa bentuk pop remaja, kerana mereka kurang popular di kalangan demografi sasaran stesen radio ini, yang bertujuan untuk penonton dewasa. Radio AC sering menyasarkan kumpulan usia 25-44, demografi yang telah mendapat perhatian paling banyak daripada pengiklan sejak 1960-an. Amalan biasa pada tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini adalah bahawa banyak stesen kontemporari dewasa kurang memainkan muzik yang lebih baru kerana mereka juga memberikan masa yang mencukupi untuk mencapai masa lalu, jadi penekanan pada lagu-lagu baru memperlahankan perkembangan carta AC. <> Apakah kumpulan umur radio kontemporari dewasa biasanya menumpukan pada? || 25-44 <> Bersama pop remaja, tarian dan batu keras, bentuk muzik biasanya tidak didengar di radio AC? || Hip hop <> Kapan pengiklan mula menumpukan pada demografi umur kontemporari dewasa? || 1960-an <> Apa jenis muzik yang dicatatkan oleh stesen AC sebagai bermain kurang berbanding lawan masa lalu? || muzik baru", {"qas": [{"question": "What age group does adult contemporary radio typically focus on?", "id": "56e6b94d6fe0821900b8eb56", "answers": [{"text": "25\u201344", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with teen pop, dance and hard rock, what form of music is typically not heard on AC radio?", "id": "56e6b94d6fe0821900b8eb57", "answers": [{"text": "hip hop", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did advertisers begin to focus on the adult contemporary age demographic?", "id": "56e6b94d6fe0821900b8eb58", "answers": [{"text": "1960s", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of music are AC stations noted as playing less of versus hits of the past?", "id": "56e6b94d6fe0821900b8eb59", "answers": [{"text": "newer music", "answer_start": 467}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "AC radio stations may play mainstream music, but they will exclude hip hop, dance tracks, hard rock, and some forms of teen pop, as they are less popular amongst the target demographic of these radio stations, which is intended for an adult audience. AC radio often targets the 25\u201344 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years is that many adult contemporary stations play less newer music because they also give ample airtime to hits of the past, so the de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart."}], ["Kontemporari dewasa menjejak akarnya pada format pendengaran mudah tahun 1960-an, yang menggunakan instrumen 70-80% - campuran suara vokal 20-30%. Beberapa menawarkan instrumen 90%, dan segelintir instrumental sepenuhnya. Format pendengaran mudah, seperti yang pertama kali dikenali, dilahirkan oleh keinginan oleh beberapa stesen radio pada akhir 1950-an dan awal 1960-an untuk terus memainkan lagu-lagu hit semasa tetapi membezakan diri mereka daripada menjadi jenama \"stesen rock dan roll\". Billboard pertama menerbitkan carta Easy Listening 17 Julai 1961, dengan 20 lagu; nombor pertama adalah lagu \"Boll Weevil Song\" oleh Brook Benton. Carta menggambarkan dirinya sebagai \"tidak terlalu jauh di mana-mana arah\". <> Dari berapa dekad radio pendengaran mudah mengamati warisan orang dewasa kontemporari? || 1960-an <> Secara amnya, apa peratusan muzik di stesen pendengaran mudah berperanan? || 70-80% <> Pada tarikh apakah carta pendengaran mudah alih Billboard yang pertama diterbitkan? || 17 Julai 1961 <> Berapa banyak lagu yang terdapat dalam carta pendengaran mudah Billboard pertama? || 20 <> Siapa yang melakukan # 1 pertama pada carta pendengaran mudah? || Brook Benton", {"qas": [{"question": "From what decade of easy listening radio does adult contemporary trace its heritage?", "id": "56e6c13ade9d371400068012", "answers": [{"text": "1960s", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Generally speaking, what percentage of music on easy listening stations was instrumental?", "id": "56e6c13ade9d371400068013", "answers": [{"text": "70-80%", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was the Billboard easy listening chart first published?", "id": "56e6c13ade9d371400068014", "answers": [{"text": "July 17, 1961", "answer_start": 495}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many songs were on the first Billboard easy listening chart?", "id": "56e6c13ade9d371400068015", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who performed the first #1 on the easy listening chart?", "id": "56e6c13ade9d371400068016", "answers": [{"text": "Brook Benton", "answer_start": 572}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Adult contemporary traces its roots to the 1960s easy listening format, which adopted a 70-80% instrumental - 20-30% vocal mix. A few offered 90% instrumentals, and a handful were entirely instrumental. The easy listening format, as it was first known, was born of a desire by some radio stations in the late 1950s and early 1960s to continue playing current hit songs but distinguish themselves from being branded as \"rock and roll\" stations. Billboard first published the Easy Listening chart July 17, 1961, with 20 songs; the first number one was \"Boll Weevil Song\" by Brook Benton. The chart described itself as \"not too far out in either direction\"."}], ["Stesen radio dimainkan Top 40 hits tanpa mengira genre; walaupun, kebanyakannya berada dalam genre yang sama sehingga pertengahan 1970-an apabila pelbagai bentuk muzik popular mula menargetkan kumpulan demografi yang berbeza, seperti disko vs rock keras. Ini bertukar menjadi stesen radio khusus yang memainkan genre muzik tertentu, dan umumnya mengikuti evolusi artis dalam genre tersebut. <> Apakah genre muzik yang sedang didengar oleh demografi yang berbeza daripada batu keras? || disko <> Dalam apa dekad apa genre mula menyimpang berdasarkan kumpulan demografi? || 1970-an", {"qas": [{"question": "What genre of music was was listening to by a different demographic than hard rock?", "id": "56e6c8a5de9d371400068042", "answers": [{"text": "disco", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what decade did genres begin to diverge on the basis of demographic groups?", "id": "56e6c8a5de9d371400068043", "answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Radio stations played Top 40 hits regardless of genre; although, most were in the same genre until the mid-1970s when different forms of popular music started to target different demographic groups, such as disco vs. hard rock. This evolved into specialized radio stations that played specific genres of music, and generally followed the evolution of artists in those genres."}], ["Kebanyakan muzik yang dicatatkan oleh penyanyi-penulis lagu seperti Diana Ross, James Taylor, Carly Simon, Carole King dan Janis Ian mendapat banyak, jika tidak lebih, airplay dalam format ini daripada di 40 stesen Top. Radio Mendengarkan Mudah juga mula merangkumi lagu-lagu oleh artis-artis yang telah bermula dalam genre lain, seperti rock and roll atau R & B. Di samping itu, beberapa lagu disko awal, berjaya dalam format Kontemporari Orang Dewasa. <> Bersama dengan rock and roll, apa genre muzik kadang-kadang dipaparkan di radio Mudah Dengar? || R & B <> Apakah genre musik yang menghairankan berjaya di radio kontemporari dewasa? || disco <> Apa jenis pemuzik artis seperti Diana Ross, James Taylor, Carly Simon, Carole King dan Janis Ian? || penyanyi-penulis lagu", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with rock and roll, what genre of music was sometimes featured on Easy Listening radio?", "id": "56e6c9946fe0821900b8eb70", "answers": [{"text": "R&B", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre of music was surprisingly successful on adult contemporary radio?", "id": "56e6c9946fe0821900b8eb71", "answers": [{"text": "disco", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of musicians were artists such as Diana Ross, James Taylor, Carly Simon, Carole King and Janis Ian?", "id": "56e6c9946fe0821900b8eb72", "answers": [{"text": "singer-songwriters", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Much of the music recorded by singer-songwriters such as Diana Ross, James Taylor, Carly Simon, Carole King and Janis Ian got as much, if not more, airplay on this format than on Top 40 stations. Easy Listening radio also began including songs by artists who had begun in other genres, such as rock and roll or R&B. In addition, several early disco songs, did well on the Adult Contemporary format."}], ["Pada awal 1970-an, lagu-lagu yang lebih lembut oleh artis-artis seperti The Carpenters, Anne Murray, John Denver, Barry Manilow, dan juga Streisand, mula dimainkan lebih kerap di radio \"Top 40\" dan yang lain ditambah dengan campuran di banyak stesen AC. Selain itu, sesetengah stesen ini juga memainkan lagu-lagu yang lebih lembut oleh Elvis Presley, Linda Ronstadt, Elton John, Rod Stewart, Billy Joel, dan artis lain yang berasaskan batu. <> Bersama Linda Ronstadt, Elton John, Rod Stewart dan Elvis Presley, ahli muzik rock yang kadang-kadang mempunyai lagu-lagu yang dipaparkan di radio kontemporari dewasa? || Billy Joel <> Selama tempoh berapa artis-artis seperti Anne Murray dan Barbra Streisand tampil di radio Top 40? || awal 1970-an", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Linda Ronstadt, Elton John, Rod Stewart and Elvis Presley, what rock musician sometimes had songs featured on adult contemporary radio?", "id": "56e6c91cde9d371400068046", "answers": [{"text": "Billy Joel", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what period were artists like Anne Murray and Barbra Streisand featured on Top 40 radio?", "id": "56e6c91cde9d371400068047", "answers": [{"text": "the early 1970s", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By the early 1970s, softer songs by artists like The Carpenters, Anne Murray, John Denver, Barry Manilow, and even Streisand, began to be played more often on \"Top 40\" radio and others were added to the mix on many AC stations. Also, some of these stations even played softer songs by Elvis Presley, Linda Ronstadt, Elton John, Rod Stewart, Billy Joel, and other rock-based artists."}], ["Carta Panas 100 dan Easy Listening menjadi lebih serupa sekali lagi menjelang penghujung tahun 1960-an dan ke awal dan pertengahan 1970-an, apabila tekstur muzik yang dimainkan di radio Top 40 sekali lagi mula melembutkan. Format kontemporari dewasa mula berubah menjadi bunyi yang kemudiannya ditakrifkan, dengan tindakan berorientasikan batu seperti Chicago, The Eagles, dan Elton John menjadi berkaitan dengan format. <> Pada penghujung dekad berapakah carta Hot 100 dan Easy Listening mula berkumpul? || 1960an <> Pada bahagian pertengahan dan awal apa dekad apa yang dilakukan kesamaan Easy Listening dan Hot 100 meningkat? || 1970-an <> Bagaimana radio Top 40 apa yang berubah jika di era ini? || mula melembutkan <> Dengan Elton John dan Eagles, apakah seorang artis kontemporer dewasa yang terkemuka dalam tempoh ini? || Chicago", {"qas": [{"question": "At the end of what decade did the Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts begin to converge?", "id": "56e6c7bdde9d371400068030", "answers": [{"text": "1960s", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the middle and early parts of what decade did the similarity of Easy Listening and Hot 100 increase?", "id": "56e6c7bdde9d371400068031", "answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did Top 40 radio what ifmusic change during this era?", "id": "56e6c7bdde9d371400068032", "answers": [{"text": "began to soften", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With Elton John and the Eagles, what was a prominent adult contemporary artist in this period?", "id": "56e6c7bdde9d371400068033", "answers": [{"text": "Chicago", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts became more similar again toward the end of the 1960s and into the early and mid-1970s, when the texture of much of the music played on Top 40 radio once more began to soften. The adult contemporary format began evolving into the sound that later defined it, with rock-oriented acts as Chicago, The Eagles, and Elton John becoming associated with the format."}], ["Jumlah crossover antara carta AC dan Hot 100 telah berubah berdasarkan berapa banyak trend muzik pop yang berlalu pada masa-masa merayu kepada pendengar dewasa. Tidak banyak disko atau lagu-lagu gelombang baru sangat berjaya dalam carta AC semasa akhir 1970-an dan awal 1980-an, dan sebahagian besar hip-hop dan muzik batu keras yang dipaparkan pada format CHR kemudian dalam dekad tidak dapat diterima di radio AC. <> Pada tahun 1970an, apakah dua genre yang tidak berjaya dalam carta kontemporari dewasa? || disko atau gelombang baru <> Apakah genre yang dipaparkan dalam format radio CHR jarang ditemui di radio kontemporari dewasa? || hip-hop dan muzik rock yang lebih keras <> Selama dekade apa hip-hop mula dipaparkan di radio? || 1980-an", {"qas": [{"question": "In the 1970s, what two genres were not particularly successful on the adult contemporary charts?", "id": "56e6cb55de9d371400068052", "answers": [{"text": "disco or new wave", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genres, featured on the CHR radio format, were rarely found on adult contemporary radio?", "id": "56e6cb55de9d371400068053", "answers": [{"text": "hip-hop and harder rock music", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what decade did hip-hop begin to be featured on the radio?", "id": "56e6cb55de9d371400068054", "answers": [{"text": "1980s", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The amount of crossover between the AC chart and the Hot 100 has varied based on how much the passing pop music trends of the times appealed to adult listeners. Not many disco or new wave songs were particularly successful on the AC chart during the late 1970s and early 1980s, and much of the hip-hop and harder rock music featured on CHR formats later in the decade would have been unacceptable on AC radio."}], ["Walaupun rock berorientasikan tarian, batu elektronik dan rock berorientasikan balada mendominasi tahun 1980-an, lagu-lagu rock yang lembut masih menikmati kejayaan ringan berkat artis seperti Sheena Easton, Amy Grant, Lionel Richie, Christopher Cross, Dan Hill, Leo Sayer, Billy Ocean, Julio Iglesias, Bertie Higgins dan Tommy Page. Tiada lagu menghabiskan lebih dari enam minggu di # 1 pada carta ini semasa tahun 1980-an, dengan sembilan lagu yang mencapai prestasi itu. Dua daripada ini adalah oleh Lionel Richie, \"You Are\" pada tahun 1983 dan \"Hello\" pada tahun 1984, yang juga mencapai # 1 di Hot 100. <> Bersama pop elektronik, apa jenis muzik yang paling berjaya pada tahun 1980-an? || rock berorientasikan balada <> Apakah genre muzik yang dimainkan oleh Billy Ocean? || lagu rock <> Apa yang paling lama lagu yang dibelanjakan di # 1 pada carta kontemporari dewasa pada tahun 1980-an? || enam minggu <> Dalam tahun apakah Lionel Richie mencatat \"Anda Adakah\"? || 1983 <> Selain daripada carta kontemporari dewasa, pada apa carta lain apakah \"Hello\" Lionel Richie mencapai tempat teratas? || Hot 100", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with electronic pop, what type of music was the most successful in the 1980s?", "id": "56e6cbe0de9d371400068058", "answers": [{"text": "ballad-oriented rock", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre did the music of Billy Ocean belong to?", "id": "56e6cbe0de9d371400068059", "answers": [{"text": "soft rock", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the longest that a song spent at #1 on the adult contemporary charts in the 1980s?", "id": "56e6cbe0de9d37140006805a", "answers": [{"text": "six weeks", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Lionel Richie record \"You Are\"?", "id": "56e6cbe0de9d37140006805b", "answers": [{"text": "1983", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from the adult contemporary chart, on what other chart did Lionel Richie's \"Hello\" reach the top spot?", "id": "56e6cbe0de9d37140006805c", "answers": [{"text": "Hot 100", "answer_start": 512}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although dance-oriented, electronic pop and ballad-oriented rock dominated the 1980s, soft rock songs still enjoyed a mild success thanks to artists like Sheena Easton, Amy Grant, Lionel Richie, Christopher Cross, Dan Hill, Leo Sayer, Billy Ocean, Julio Iglesias, Bertie Higgins and Tommy Page. No song spent more than six weeks at #1 on this chart during the 1980s, with nine songs accomplishing that feat. Two of these were by Lionel Richie, \"You Are\" in 1983 and \"Hello\" in 1984, which also reached #1 on the Hot 100."}], ["Pada 7 April 1979, carta Easy Listening secara rasmi dikenali sebagai Adult Contemporary, dan kedua-dua perkataan itu tetap konsisten atas nama carta sejak itu. Muzik kontemporari dewasa menjadi salah satu format radio yang paling popular pada tahun 1980-an. Pertumbuhan AC merupakan hasil semulajadi dari generasi yang pertama kali mendengarkan musik yang \"khusus\" pada pertengahan akhir 1970-an yang semakin tua dan tidak berminat dengan muzik heavy metal dan rap / hip-hop yang generasi baru membantu memainkan peranan penting dalam carta Top 40 menjelang akhir dekad ini. <> Bilakah carta Kontemporari Dewasa menerima namanya sekarang? || 7 April 1979 <> Apakah carta Kontemporari Dewasa yang sebelum ini dikenali sebagai? || carta Mudah Dengar <> Bersama dengan rap / hip-hop, apa genre muzik yang penuaan pendengar tidak berminat? || logam berat <> Selama apa dekad orang kontemporari dewasa menjadi format yang sangat popular untuk radio? || 1980-an", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Adult Contemporary chart receive its current name?", "id": "56e6c9fc6fe0821900b8eb76", "answers": [{"text": "April 7, 1979", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Adult Contemporary chart previously known as?", "id": "56e6c9fc6fe0821900b8eb77", "answers": [{"text": "the Easy Listening chart", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with rap/hip-hop, what genre of music were aging listeners not as interested in?", "id": "56e6c9fc6fe0821900b8eb78", "answers": [{"text": "heavy metal", "answer_start": 432}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what decade did adult contemporary become a very popular format for radio?", "id": "56e6c9fc6fe0821900b8eb79", "answers": [{"text": "1980s", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On April 7, 1979, the Easy Listening chart officially became known as Adult Contemporary, and those two words have remained consistent in the name of the chart ever since. Adult contemporary music became one of the most popular radio formats of the 1980s. The growth of AC was a natural result of the generation that first listened to the more \"specialized\" music of the mid-late 1970s growing older and not being interested in the heavy metal and rap/hip-hop music that a new generation helped to play a significant role in the Top 40 charts by the end of the decade."}], ["Batu keras telah ditubuhkan sebagai genre arus perdana pada tahun 1965. Dari penghujung tahun 1960-an, menjadi biasa untuk membahagikan muzik rock arus utama menjadi rock lembut dan keras, dengan kedua-duanya muncul sebagai format radio utama di Amerika Syarikat. Batu lembut sering berasal dari batu rakyat, menggunakan instrumen akustik dan meletakkan lebih banyak penekanan pada melodi dan harmoni. Artis utama termasuk Barbra Streisand, Carole King, Cat Stevens, James Taylor dan Roti. <> Sehingga tahun berapa batu keras jenis muzik utama? || 1965 <> Bersama dengan batu lembut, jenis muzik yang membentuk muzik rock arus utama pada akhir 1960-an? || batu keras <> Jenis instrumen apa yang terkenal di batu lembut? || akustik <> Apa genre muzik yang berasal dari lembut lembut? || Batu rakyat <> Bersama Barbra Streisand, Carole King, Kucing Stevens dan Roti, yang merupakan seorang artis rock lembut yang terkenal di zaman ini? || James Taylor", {"qas": [{"question": "As of what year was hard rock a mainstream type of music?", "id": "56e6c52c6fe0821900b8eb66", "answers": [{"text": "1965", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with soft rock, what type of music made up mainstream rock music in the late 1960s?", "id": "56e6c52c6fe0821900b8eb67", "answers": [{"text": "hard rock", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of instruments were prominent in soft rock? ", "id": "56e6c52c6fe0821900b8eb68", "answers": [{"text": "acoustic", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre of music was soft rock descended from?", "id": "56e6c52c6fe0821900b8eb69", "answers": [{"text": "folk rock", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Barbra Streisand, Carole King, Cat Stevens and Bread, who was a prominent soft rock artist of this era?", "id": "56e6c52c6fe0821900b8eb6a", "answers": [{"text": "James Taylor", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hard rock had been established as a mainstream genre by 1965. From the end of the 1960s, it became common to divide mainstream rock music into soft and hard rock, with both emerging as major radio formats in the US. Soft rock was often derived from folk rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody and harmonies. Major artists included Barbra Streisand, Carole King, Cat Stevens, James Taylor and Bread."}], ["Batu lembut mencapai puncak komersilnya pada pertengahan tahun 1970-an dengan tindakan seperti Toto, England Dan & John Ford Coley, Bekalan Udara, Seal dan Crofts, Amerika dan Fleetwood Mac yang diperbaharui, yang Rumor (1977) menjual album dekad ini. Menjelang tahun 1977, beberapa stesen radio, seperti WYNY milik WTFM dan NBC milik New York, telah bertukar kepada format rock lembut. Pada tahun 1980an, rasa telah berubah dan format radio mencerminkan perubahan ini, termasuk artis muzik seperti Perjalanan. Walter Sabo dan pasukannya di NBC membawa personaliti utama dari AM Band kepada Band FM yang mengambil format dari latar belakang ke arah pengalaman pendengaran latar depan. Penambahan bintang-bintang radio utama seperti Dan Daniel, Steve O'Brien, Dick Summers, Don Bleu dan Tom Parker telah memungkinkan untuk mengewangkan sepenuhnya format dan menyediakan asas untuk kejayaan kewangan yang dinikmati hingga ke hari ini <> kontemporari yang paling berjaya secara komersil? || pertengahan akhir tahun 1970an <> Apa artis merilis album jualan terbaik pada tahun 1970-an? || Fleetwood Mac <> Pada tahun berapa album jualan terbaik pada tahun 1970an dikeluarkan? || 1977 <> Apakah radio yang dimiliki oleh NBC hanya dimainkan? || WYNY <> Siapa tokoh yang terkenal di bahagian radio NBC? || Walter Sabo", {"qas": [{"question": "During what period was adult contemporary its most commercially successful?", "id": "56e6c83cde9d371400068038", "answers": [{"text": "the mid-to-late 1970s", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What artist released the best selling album of the 1970s?", "id": "56e6c83cde9d371400068039", "answers": [{"text": "Fleetwood Mac", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the best selling album of the 1970s released?", "id": "56e6c83cde9d37140006803a", "answers": [{"text": "1977", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What radio stationed owned by NBC played only soft rock?", "id": "56e6c83cde9d37140006803b", "answers": [{"text": "WYNY", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was a prominent figure at NBC's radio division?", "id": "56e6c83cde9d37140006803c", "answers": [{"text": "Walter Sabo", "answer_start": 480}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Soft rock reached its commercial peak in the mid-to-late 1970s with acts such as Toto, England Dan & John Ford Coley, Air Supply, Seals and Crofts, America and the reformed Fleetwood Mac, whose Rumours (1977) was the best-selling album of the decade. By 1977, some radio stations, like New York's WTFM and NBC-owned WYNY, had switched to an all-soft rock format. By the 1980s, tastes had changed and radio formats reflected this change, including musical artists such as Journey. Walter Sabo and his team at NBC brought in major personalities from the AM Band to the FM Band taking the format from a background to a foreground listening experience. The addition of major radio stars such as Dan Daniel, Steve O'Brien, Dick Summers, Don Bleu and Tom Parker made it possible to fully monetize the format and provide the foundation for financial success enjoyed to this day"}], ["Mainstream AC sendiri telah berkembang dengan cara yang sama sepanjang tahun; Artis AC tradisional seperti Barbra Streisand, Carpenters, Dionne Warwick, Barry Manilow, John Denver, dan Olivia Newton-John mendapati lebih sukar untuk mempunyai Top 40 hits utama ketika 1980-an memakai, dan disebabkan oleh pengaruh MTV, artis yang Staples daripada format Radio Hit Kontemporari, seperti Richard Marx, Michael Jackson, Bonnie Tyler, George Michael, Phil Collins, dan Laura Branigan mula menyeberang ke carta AC dengan frekuensi yang lebih tinggi. Collins telah diterangkan oleh AllMusic sebagai \"penyanyi kontemporari pop dan dewasa yang paling berjaya pada tahun '80an dan seterusnya\". Walau bagaimanapun, dengan gabungan MTV dan radio AC, kontemporari dewasa kelihatan lebih sukar untuk ditakrifkan sebagai genre, dengan artis-artis rock yang telah ditubuhkan pada masa lalu masih mencatatkan hit pop dan menerima airplay bersama tarif radio arus perdana dari artis baru pada masa itu. <> Bersama Richard Marx, Bonnie Tyler, George Michael, Phil Collins, dan Laura Branigan, seniman apa juga sering bermain di stesen Radio Kontemporari Hit? || Michael Jackson <> Apakah stesen televisyen bertanggungjawab terhadap kejayaan artis-artis Hit Contemporary Hit pada carta AC? || MTV <> Bersama dengan Barbra Streisand, Carpenters, Dionne Warwick, Barry Manilow dan Olivia Newton-John, apa ruji kontemporari dewasa mendapati lebih sukar untuk menjaringkan pencapaian carta pada tahun 1980-an? || John Denver <> Siapa yang Allmusic merujuk sebagai \"salah satu penyanyi kontemporari pop dan dewasa yang paling berjaya dalam '80an dan seterusnya\"? || Phil Collins", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Richard Marx, Bonnie Tyler, George Michael, Phil Collins, and Laura Branigan, what artist was also frequently played on Contemporary Hit Radio stations?", "id": "56e6cac0de9d37140006804a", "answers": [{"text": "Michael Jackson", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What television station was responsible for the increasing success of Contemporary Hit Radio artists on the AC charts?", "id": "56e6cac0de9d37140006804b", "answers": [{"text": "MTV", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Barbra Streisand, the Carpenters, Dionne Warwick, Barry Manilow and Olivia Newton-John, what adult contemporary staple found it more difficult to score chart hits in the 1980s?", "id": "56e6cac0de9d37140006804c", "answers": [{"text": "John Denver", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Allmusic refer to as \"one of the most successful pop and adult contemporary singers of the '80s and beyond\"?", "id": "56e6cac0de9d37140006804d", "answers": [{"text": "Phil Collins", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Mainstream AC itself has evolved in a similar fashion over the years; traditional AC artists like Barbra Streisand, the Carpenters, Dionne Warwick, Barry Manilow, John Denver, and Olivia Newton-John found it harder to have major Top 40 hits as the 1980s wore on, and due to the influence of MTV, artists who were staples of the Contemporary Hit Radio format, such as Richard Marx, Michael Jackson, Bonnie Tyler, George Michael, Phil Collins, and Laura Branigan began crossing over to the AC charts with greater frequency. Collins has been described by AllMusic as \"one of the most successful pop and adult contemporary singers of the '80s and beyond\". However, with the combination of MTV and AC radio, adult contemporary appeared harder to define as a genre, with established soft-rock artists of the past still charting pop hits and receiving airplay alongside mainstream radio fare from newer artists at the time."}], ["Satu lagi format, AC berirama, selain memainkan semua muzik AC panas dan lembut yang popular, masa lalu dan sekarang, memberikan penekanan yang berat pada disko serta pencapaian tarian tahun 1980-an dan 1990-an, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Amber, Kilang Muzik C & C dan Black Box , dan termasuk lagu remix lagu-lagu pop, seperti campuran Soul Solution dari \"Unbreak My Heart\" Toni Braxton. <> Siapa yang membuat lagu \"Unbreak My Heart\"? || Toni Braxton <> Apakah nama seorang artis tarian yang terkenal bersama dengan Kilang Muzik C & C dan Black Box? || Amber <> Apa format stesen radio memainkan AC lembut, AC panas, disko dan tarian? || berirama AC <> Artis mana yang menyanyikan semula \"Unbreak My Heart\"? || Penyelesaian Jiwa", {"qas": [{"question": "Who performed the song \"Unbreak My Heart\"?", "id": "56e6d3336fe0821900b8ebaa", "answers": [{"text": "Toni Braxton", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of a notable dance artist along with C&C Music Factory and Black Box?", "id": "56e6d3336fe0821900b8ebab", "answers": [{"text": "Amber", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What radio station format plays soft AC, hot AC, disco and dance?", "id": "56e6d3336fe0821900b8ebac", "answers": [{"text": "rhythmic AC", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What artist notably remixed \"Unbreak My Heart\"?", "id": "56e6d3336fe0821900b8ebad", "answers": [{"text": "Soul Solution", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Another format, rhythmic AC, in addition to playing all the popular hot and soft AC music, past and present, places a heavy emphasis on disco as well as 1980s and 1990s dance hits, such as those by Amber, C&C Music Factory and Black Box, and includes dance remixes of pop songs, such as the Soul Solution mix of Toni Braxton's \"Unbreak My Heart\"."}], ["Awal tahun 1990an menandakan pelan R & B bandar pada masa yang sama rock alternatif muncul dan pop tradisional melihat kebangkitan semula. Ini sebahagiannya membawa kepada pelebaran pasaran, bukan hanya untuk menampung lebih banyak pasaran khusus, tetapi juga menjadi kebiasaan bagi para artis untuk membuat perseorangan mesra alam. <> Apa dekad melihat kemunculan batu alternatif? || 1990-an <> Apa yang berlaku kepada R & B bandar pada awal tahun 1990-an? || Melembutkan <> Kebangkitan pop tradisional adalah salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan perubahan dalam pasaran muzik? || peluasan pasaran", {"qas": [{"question": "What decade saw the emergence of alternative rock?", "id": "56e6ccc56fe0821900b8eb88", "answers": [{"text": "1990s", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened to urban R&B in the early 1990s?", "id": "56e6ccc56fe0821900b8eb89", "answers": [{"text": "softening", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The resurgence of traditional pop was one of the factors that led to what change in the music market?", "id": "56e6ccc56fe0821900b8eb8a", "answers": [{"text": "widening of the market", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The early 1990s marked the softening of urban R&B at the same time alternative rock emerged and traditional pop saw a significant resurgence. This in part led to a widening of the market, not only allowing to cater to more niche markets, but it also became customary for artists to make AC-friendly singles."}], ["Pada tahun-tahun awal kewujudannya, format jazz lancar dianggap sebagai bentuk AC, walaupun ia sangat berperanan, dan berkaitan dengan persamaan yang lebih kuat dengan muzik bergaya AC. Selama bertahun-tahun, artis seperti George Benson, Kenny G dan Dave Koz mempunyai crossover hits yang dimainkan di kedua-dua stesen AC jazz dan lembut. <> Format stesyen radio apa yang kadang-kadang dianggap sebagai sejenis kontemporari dewasa? || jazz lancar <> Apa jenis muzik yang dimainkan terutamanya di stesen jazz yang licin? || instrumental <> Bersama dengan Kenny G dan Dave Koz, artis apa yang dipaparkan di stesen jazz yang licin? || George Benson <> Apa format stesen lain yang kadang-kadang dipaparkan pada artis jazz yang licin? || AC lembut", {"qas": [{"question": "What radio station format was sometimes regarded as a type of adult contemporary?", "id": "56e6d441de9d37140006806e", "answers": [{"text": "smooth jazz", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of music was predominantly played on smooth jazz stations?", "id": "56e6d441de9d37140006806f", "answers": [{"text": "instrumental", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Kenny G and Dave Koz, what artist was featured on smooth jazz stations?", "id": "56e6d441de9d371400068070", "answers": [{"text": "George Benson", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other format of station were smooth jazz artists sometimes featured on?", "id": "56e6d441de9d371400068071", "answers": [{"text": "soft AC", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In its early years of existence, the smooth jazz format was considered to be a form of AC, although it was mainly instrumental, and related a stronger resemblance to the soft AC-styled music. For many years, artists like George Benson, Kenny G and Dave Koz had crossover hits that were played on both smooth jazz and soft AC stations."}], ["Dengan campuran radio AC yang mesra radio dengan beberapa batu dan pop juga mendarat di carta pop, lagu arus perdana memenangi banyak pengkritik dalam keperluan untuk menentukan AC, dan muncul untuk mengubah toleransi dan penerimaan muzik AC ke dalam arus perdana hari ke hari bermain radio. Sebahagian daripada sebab mengapa stesen AC lebih banyak dan lebih panas terpaksa berubah ialah muzik yang kurang dan kurang sesuai dengan rang undang-undang mereka; kebanyakan batu baru adalah alternatif untuk radio arus perdana dan kebanyakan pop baru kini banyak dipengaruhi oleh tarian-pop dan muzik tarian elektronik. <> Siapa yang mempunyai stesen radio format AC panas perlu menukar muzik yang mereka mainkan? || kurang dan kurang muzik baru sesuai dengan rang undang-undang mereka <> Dengan apa dua genre lagu pop moden sangat dipengaruhi? || tarian-tarian dan muzik tarian elektronik <> Mengapa batu baru tidak sesuai untuk radio arus perdana? || juga alternatif", {"qas": [{"question": "Who have hot AC format radio stations had to change the music they play?", "id": "56e6d7856fe0821900b8ebc6", "answers": [{"text": "less and less new music fits their bill", "answer_start": 354}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what two genres are modern pop songs heavily influenced?", "id": "56e6d7856fe0821900b8ebc7", "answers": [{"text": "dance-pop and electronic dance music", "answer_start": 495}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why is new rock not suitable for mainstream radio?", "id": "56e6d7856fe0821900b8ebc8", "answers": [{"text": "too alternative", "answer_start": 412}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "With the mixture of radio friendly AC tunes with some rock and pop fare also landing on the pop charts, mainstream songs won over many critics in the need to define AC, and appeared to change the tolerance and acceptance of AC music into mainstream day to day radio play. Part of the reason why more and more hot AC stations are forced to change is that less and less new music fits their bill; most new rock is too alternative for mainstream radio and most new pop is now influenced heavily by dance-pop and electronic dance music."}], ["Satu corak ketara yang dibangunkan sepanjang tahun 2000 dan 2010 adalah untuk lagu-lagu pop tertentu yang mempunyai jangka panjang di carta AC, walaupun selepas lagu-lagu telah jatuh di Hot 100. Adrian Moreira, naib presiden kanan untuk muzik dewasa untuk RCA Music Group, berkata , \"Kami telah melihat peralihan yang agak ketara dalam apa yang akan dimainkan AC\". Daripada menekankan lagu yang lebih tua, kontempor dewasa dewasa memainkan lagu-lagu yang sama dengan 40 dan 40 orang dewasa, tetapi hanya selepas hits telah ditubuhkan. Satu artikel mengenai laman web MTV oleh Corey Moss menggambarkan trend ini: \"Dengan kata lain, stesen AC berada di mana lagu-lagu pop pergi untuk mati kematian yang sangat panjang. Atau, untuk optimis, untuk mendapatkan kehidupan yang kedua.\" <> Apakah tajuk pekerjaan Adrian Moreira? || naib presiden senior untuk muzik dewasa <> Untuk syarikat apa yang dilakukan Adrian Moreira? || RCA Music Group <> Siapa yang menulis, \"Dengan kata lain, stesen AC berada di mana lagu-lagu pop pergi untuk mati kematian yang sangat panjang, atau, untuk optimis, untuk mendapatkan kehidupan kedua\"? || Corey Moss <> Di manakah artikel Corey Moss diterbitkan? || Laman web MTV <> Apabila stesen kontemporari dewasa mula memainkan lagu Top 40? || selepas hits telah menjadi mantap", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Adrian Moreira's job title?", "id": "56e6d7086fe0821900b8ebbc", "answers": [{"text": "senior vice president for adult music", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what company does Adrian Moreira work?", "id": "56e6d7086fe0821900b8ebbd", "answers": [{"text": "RCA Music Group", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote, \"In other words, AC stations are where pop songs go to die a very long death. Or, to optimists, to get a second life\"?", "id": "56e6d7086fe0821900b8ebbe", "answers": [{"text": "Corey Moss", "answer_start": 511}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Corey Moss' article published?", "id": "56e6d7086fe0821900b8ebbf", "answers": [{"text": "MTV's website", "answer_start": 494}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When do adult contemporary stations begin to play Top 40 songs?", "id": "56e6d7086fe0821900b8ebc0", "answers": [{"text": "after the hits had become established", "answer_start": 441}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A notable pattern that developed during the 2000s and 2010s has been for certain pop songs to have lengthy runs on AC charts, even after the songs have fallen off the Hot 100. Adrian Moreira, senior vice president for adult music for RCA Music Group, said, \"We've seen a fairly tidal shift in what AC will play\". Rather than emphasizing older songs, adult contemporary was playing many of the same songs as top 40 and adult top 40, but only after the hits had become established. An article on MTV's website by Corey Moss describes this trend: \"In other words, AC stations are where pop songs go to die a very long death. Or, to optimists, to get a second life.\""}], ["Di samping Celine Dion, yang mempunyai kejayaan besar dalam carta ini, artis lain yang mempunyai banyak nombor pada carta AC pada 1990-an termasuk Mariah Carey, Phil Collins, Michael Bolton, Whitney Houston dan Shania Twain. Penyanyi-penyanyi lagu baru seperti Sarah McLachlan, Natalie Merchant, Jewel, Melissa Etheridge dan Sheryl Crow juga berjaya melepasi carta AC pada masa ini. <> Apa peristiwa penting Celine Dion, Mariah Carey, Phil Collins, Michael Bolton, Whitney Houston dan Shania Twain berkongsi pada carta kontemporari dewasa 1990-an? || pelbagai nombor <> Bersama Sarah McLachlan, Natalie Merchant, Melissa Etheridge dan Sheryl Crow, apa penyanyi lagu-lagu perempuan yang berjaya mencatat kejayaan pada tahun 1990-an? || Jewel <> Pada carta apa Whitney Houston melihat kejayaan? || AC", {"qas": [{"question": "What milestone did Celine Dion, Mariah Carey, Phil Collins, Michael Bolton, Whitney Houston and Shania Twain share on the 1990s adult contemporary charts?", "id": "56e6ce1bde9d371400068068", "answers": [{"text": "multiple number ones", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Sarah McLachlan, Natalie Merchant, Melissa Etheridge and Sheryl Crow, what female singer-songwriter had chart success in the 1990s?", "id": "56e6ce1bde9d371400068069", "answers": [{"text": "Jewel", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what chart did Whitney Houston see success?", "id": "56e6ce1bde9d37140006806a", "answers": [{"text": "AC", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In addition to Celine Dion, who has had significant success on this chart, other artists with multiple number ones on the AC chart in the 1990s include Mariah Carey, Phil Collins, Michael Bolton, Whitney Houston and Shania Twain. Newer female singer-songwriters such as Sarah McLachlan, Natalie Merchant, Jewel, Melissa Etheridge and Sheryl Crow also broke through on the AC chart during this time."}], ["Pada tahun 1996, Billboard mencipta satu carta baru yang dikenali sebagai Adult Top 40, yang mencerminkan pengaturcaraan di stesen radio yang wujud di antara muzik \"dewasa kontemporari\" dan muzik \"pop\". Walaupun mereka kadang-kadang tersilap untuk satu sama lain, carta Kontemporari Dewasa dan carta Dewasa Top 40 adalah carta yang berasingan, dan lagu yang mencapai satu carta mungkin tidak mencapai yang lain. Di samping itu, AC panas adalah satu lagi subgenre pengaturcaraan radio yang berbeza daripada carta Trek Kontemporari Hot Dewasa kerana ia wujud hari ini, walaupun terdapat kesamaan yang jelas dalam nama. <> Apakah nama carta yang dibuat oleh Billboard pada tahun 1996? || Dewasa Teratas 40 <> Dewasa Teratas 40 mewakili titik tengah antara dua format radio? || muzik \"kontemporari dewasa\" dan muzik \"pop\" <> Carta apakah yang kadang kala keliru dengan carta Dewasa 40? || Kontemporari Dewasa <> Apakah genre pemprograman radio kadangkala keliru dengan carta Lagu Kontemporari Hot Adult? || AC panas", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the chart created by Billboard in 1996?", "id": "56e6ceb06fe0821900b8eb8e", "answers": [{"text": "Adult Top 40", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Adult Top 40 represented a midpoint between what two radio formats?", "id": "56e6ceb06fe0821900b8eb8f", "answers": [{"text": "\"adult contemporary\" music and \"pop\" music", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What chart is the Adult Top 40 chart sometimes confused with?", "id": "56e6ceb06fe0821900b8eb90", "answers": [{"text": "Adult Contemporary", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What radio programming genre is sometimes confused with the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart?", "id": "56e6ceb06fe0821900b8eb91", "answers": [{"text": "hot AC", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1996, Billboard created a new chart called Adult Top 40, which reflects programming on radio stations that exists somewhere between \"adult contemporary\" music and \"pop\" music. Although they are sometimes mistaken for each other, the Adult Contemporary chart and the Adult Top 40 chart are separate charts, and songs reaching one chart might not reach the other. In addition, hot AC is another subgenre of radio programming that is distinct from the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart as it exists today, despite the apparent similarity in name."}], ["Tidak seperti majoriti penyanyi arus perdana pada tahun 1980, penyanyi pop / R & B utama seperti All-4-One, Boyz II Men, Rob Thomas, Christina Aguilera, Backstreet Boys dan Savage Garden umumnya menyeberang ke carta AC. Artis pop Latin seperti Lynda Thomas, Ricky Martin, Marc Anthony, Selena, Enrique Iglesias dan Luis Miguel turut menikmati kejayaan dalam carta AC. <> Artis utama dari dekade apa pun umumnya tidak berjaya pada carta kontemporari dewasa? || 1980-an <> Bersama-sama dengan All-4-One, Boyz II Men, Rob Thomas, Christina Aguilera dan Backstreet Boys, apa artis 90 yang terkenal dalam genre pop / R & B? || Savage Garden <> Apa genre muzik yang dilakukan Lynda Thomas, Ricky Martin, Selena, Marc Anthony, Enrique Iglesias dan Luis Miguel? || Pop Latin", {"qas": [{"question": "Mainstream artists from what decade generally did not have success on the adult contemporary charts?", "id": "56e6cd4bde9d371400068062", "answers": [{"text": "1980s", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with All-4-One, Boyz II Men, Rob Thomas, Christina Aguilera and Backstreet Boys, what 90s artists were notable in the pop/R&B genre?", "id": "56e6cd4bde9d371400068063", "answers": [{"text": "Savage Garden", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre of music did Lynda Thomas, Ricky Martin, Selena, Marc Anthony, Enrique Iglesias and Luis Miguel make?", "id": "56e6cd4bde9d371400068064", "answers": [{"text": "Latin pop", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Unlike the majority of 1980s mainstream singers, the 1990s mainstream pop/R&B singers such as All-4-One, Boyz II Men, Rob Thomas, Christina Aguilera, Backstreet Boys and Savage Garden generally crossed over to the AC charts. Latin pop artists such as Lynda Thomas, Ricky Martin, Marc Anthony, Selena, Enrique Iglesias and Luis Miguel also enjoyed success in the AC charts."}], ["Sebagai tindak balas kepada tekanan pada Hot AC, satu jenis format AC baru muncul di kalangan radio Amerika Syarikat baru-baru ini. Format kontemporari dewasa bandar (istilah yang dicipta oleh Barry Mayo) biasanya menarik ramai orang Afrika Amerika dan kadang-kadang pendengar Caucasian melalui bermain banyak R & B (tanpa sebarang bentuk rapping), muzik injil, jiwa klasik dan muzik tarian (termasuk disko). <> Siapa yang mencipta istilah \"format kontemporari dewasa bandar\"? || Barry Mayo <> Apakah kumpulan demografi adalah format kontemporari dewasa bandar yang dipasarkan? || Afrika Amerika <> Apa gaya nyanyian tidak hadir dari R & B dimainkan di stesyen format kontemporari dewasa bandar? || rapping <> Bersama dengan R & B, muzik injil dan tarian, jenis muzik yang diwakili di stesen kontemporari dewasa bandar? || jiwa klasik <> Muzik kontemporari perkampungan dewasa menjadi akibat tekanan terhadap format yang telah ada sebelumnya? || AC panas", {"qas": [{"question": "Who invented the term \"urban adult contemporary format\"?", "id": "56e6cf636fe0821900b8eb96", "answers": [{"text": "Barry Mayo", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What demographic group is the urban adult contemporary format marketed to?", "id": "56e6cf636fe0821900b8eb97", "answers": [{"text": "African Americans", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What style of singing is absent from R&B played on urban adult contemporary format stations?", "id": "56e6cf636fe0821900b8eb98", "answers": [{"text": "rapping", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with R&B, gospel and dance music, what type of music is represented on urban adult contemporary stations?", "id": "56e6cf636fe0821900b8eb99", "answers": [{"text": "classic soul", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Urban adult contemporary music came into being because of pressure on what previously existing format?", "id": "56e6cf636fe0821900b8eb9a", "answers": [{"text": "Hot AC", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In response to the pressure on Hot AC, a new kind of AC format cropped up among American radio recently. The urban adult contemporary format (a term coined by Barry Mayo) usually attracts a large number of African Americans and sometimes Caucasian listeners through playing a great deal of R&B (without any form of rapping), gospel music, classic soul and dance music (including disco)."}], ["Pada tahun 1989, Linda Ronstadt melancarkan Cry Like Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind, yang digambarkan oleh pengkritik sebagai \"album kontemporari Dewasa Dewasa pertama yang pertama\", yang menampilkan penyanyi jiwa Amerika Aaron Neville di beberapa trek dua belas. Album itu telah mengesahkan Triple Platinum di Amerika Syarikat sahaja dan menjadi satu kejayaan besar di seluruh dunia. Single yang memenangi Anugerah Grammy, \"Tidak Tahu Banyak\" dan \"Semua Hidup Saya\", kedua-duanya berlangsung lama # 1 Kontemporari Kontemporari dewasa. Beberapa perseorangan tambahan dari cakera menjadikan AC Top 10 juga. Album itu memenangi banyak kritikan dalam keperluan untuk menentukan AC, dan kelihatan untuk mengubah toleransi dan penerimaan muzik AC ke dalam arus perdana hari ke hari bermain radio. <> Seniman apa yang mengeluarkan album yang dikenali sebagai \"album kontemporari Dewasa pertama yang pertama dalam dekad ini\"? || Linda Ronstadt <> Pada tahun berapa album Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind dibebaskan? || 1989 <> Apa penyanyi lelaki dipaparkan pada beberapa lagu dari Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind? || Aaron Neville <> Apa pensijilan yang Cry Like Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind menerima? || Triple Platinum <> Bersama dengan \"Tidak Tahu Banyak,\" apa yang memenangi Grammy? || \"Semua Hidup Saya\"", {"qas": [{"question": "What artist issued the album known as \"the first true Adult Contemporary album of the decade\"?", "id": "56e6cc5d6fe0821900b8eb7e", "answers": [{"text": "Linda Ronstadt", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the album Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind released?", "id": "56e6cc5d6fe0821900b8eb7f", "answers": [{"text": "1989", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What male singer featured on several songs from Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind?", "id": "56e6cc5d6fe0821900b8eb80", "answers": [{"text": "Aaron Neville", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What certification did Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind receive?", "id": "56e6cc5d6fe0821900b8eb81", "answers": [{"text": "Triple Platinum", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with \"Don't Know Much,\" what single won a Grammy?", "id": "56e6cc5d6fe0821900b8eb82", "answers": [{"text": "\"All My Life\"", "answer_start": 406}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1989, Linda Ronstadt released Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind, described by critics as \"the first true Adult Contemporary album of the decade\", featuring American soul singer Aaron Neville on several of the twelve tracks. The album was certified Triple Platinum in the United States alone and became a major success throughout the globe. The Grammy Award-winning singles, \"Don't Know Much\" and \"All My Life\", were both long-running #1 Adult Contemporary hits. Several additional singles from the disc made the AC Top 10 as well. The album won over many critics in the need to define AC, and appeared to change the tolerance and acceptance of AC music into mainstream day to day radio play."}], ["Sejak pertengahan 2000-an, pengimejan kumpulan seperti Wilco dan Feist telah mendorong indie rock menjadi perbualan kontemporari dewasa. Pada awal tahun 2010, pemuzik indie seperti Imagine Dragons, Mumford & Sons, Of Monsters & Men, The Lumineers dan Ed Sheeran juga mempunyai lagu-lagu indie yang menyeberang ke carta kontemporari dewasa. <> Apa genre musik band seperti Feist dan Wilco? || rock indie <> Bersama dengan Mumford & Sons, Of Monsters & Men, Ed Sheeran dan The Lumineers, apa artis indie telah berjaya kejayaan dewasa? || Bayangkan Dragons <> Dalam sedekad apa ahli muzik indie pertama mula mendapat perhatian dari penonton kontemporari dewasa? || 2000s", {"qas": [{"question": "What genre of music are bands like Feist and Wilco?", "id": "56e6d8f9de9d37140006807e", "answers": [{"text": "indie rock", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Mumford & Sons, Of Monsters & Men, Ed Sheeran and The Lumineers, what indie artist has had adult contemporary success?", "id": "56e6d8f9de9d37140006807f", "answers": [{"text": "Imagine Dragons", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what decade did indie musicians first began getting attention from the adult contemporary audience?", "id": "56e6d8f9de9d371400068080", "answers": [{"text": "2000s", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Since the mid-2000s, the mainstreaming of bands like Wilco and Feist have pushed indie rock into the adult contemporary conversation. In the early 2010s, indie musicians like Imagine Dragons, Mumford & Sons, Of Monsters & Men, The Lumineers and Ed Sheeran also had indie songs that crossed over to the adult contemporary charts."}], ["Seniman yang menyumbang kepada format ini termasuk penyanyi rock / pop lembut seperti Andy Williams, Johnny Mathis, Nana Mouskouri, Celine Dion, Julio Iglesias, Frank Sinatra, Barry Manilow, Engelbert Humperdinck, dan Marc Anthony. <> Bersama Andy Williams, Johnny Mathis, Nana Mouskouri, Celine Dion, Julio Iglesias, Barry Manilow, Engelbert Humperdinck, dan Marc Anthony, apa artis terkenal yang dipaparkan dalam format AC lembut? || Frank Sinatra", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Andy Williams, Johnny Mathis, Nana Mouskouri, Celine Dion, Julio Iglesias, Barry Manilow, Engelbert Humperdinck, and Marc Anthony, what notable artist is featured on the soft AC format?", "id": "56e6dd64de9d3714000680a6", "answers": [{"text": "Frank Sinatra", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Artists contributing to this format include mainly soft rock/pop singers such as, Andy Williams, Johnny Mathis, Nana Mouskouri, Celine Dion, Julio Iglesias, Frank Sinatra, Barry Manilow, Engelbert Humperdinck, and Marc Anthony."}], ["Walaupun kebanyakan artis telah ditubuhkan dalam format lain sebelum berpindah ke dewasa kontemporari, Michael Bubl\u00e9 dan Josh Groban bermula sebagai artis AC. Sepanjang dekad ini, artis-artis seperti Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken dan Susan Boyle telah berjaya menerusi bunyi balada. Sama seperti beberapa artis panas AC dan artis rock moden telah menyeberang antara satu sama lain, begitu juga dengan AC lembut menyeberang dengan muzik negara dalam dekad ini. Pemuzik negara seperti Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes dan Carrie Underwood telah berjaya di kedua-dua carta. <> Bersama Josh Groban, artis pop yang terkenal itu memulakan kerjayanya di radio kontemporari dewasa? || Michael Bubl\u00e9 <> Apa jenis bunyi muzik Susan Boyle? || Balada berat <> Bersama dengan Faith Hill, Shania Twain dan LeAnn Rimes, artis negara apa yang telah mempunyai hits kontemporari dewasa? || Carrie Underwood <> Apakah genre muzik yang mempunyai AC lembut dijumpai bersama? || negara", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Josh Groban, what notable pop artist started out his career on adult contemporary radio?", "id": "56e6d8a1de9d371400068076", "answers": [{"text": "Michael Bubl\u00e9", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of sound does the music of Susan Boyle have?", "id": "56e6d8a1de9d371400068077", "answers": [{"text": "ballad heavy", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Faith Hill, Shania Twain and LeAnn Rimes, what country artist has had adult contemporary hits?", "id": "56e6d8a1de9d371400068078", "answers": [{"text": "Carrie Underwood", "answer_start": 565}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre of music has soft AC found common ground with? ", "id": "56e6d8a1de9d371400068079", "answers": [{"text": "country", "answer_start": 467}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "While most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bubl\u00e9 and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts."}], ["Penyatuan \"AC panas\" berbanding dengan hampir mati format kebanyakan format AC: Bermula dengan kemelesetan ekonomi 2005-2007 dan kemelesetan yang akhirnya kebanyakan stesen pergi untuk lebih banyak CHR berasaskan carta, bersama dengan 40 bandar teratas dan juga format Latino. Penjualan rekod fizikal yang mencukupi juga membuktikan pukulan utama kepada genre AC. <> Bersama dengan kemelesetan, apakah tren ekonomi yang meluas yang menandakan penurunan stesen radio kontemporari dewasa? || Keruntuhan ekonomi 2005-2007 <> Bersama dengan CHR, Top 40 dan Latino, apakah format yang telah dipindahkan oleh bekas stesen AC? || bandar <> Apa format AC masih berdaya maju? || AC panas <> Penurunan jualan item apa yang merosakkan genre kontemporari dewasa? || rekod fizikal", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with the recession, what broad economic trend marked the decline of adult contemporary radio stations?", "id": "56e6d988de9d371400068084", "answers": [{"text": "the 2005-2007 economic downturn", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with CHR, Top 40 and Latino, what format have former AC stations transitioned to?", "id": "56e6d988de9d371400068085", "answers": [{"text": "urban", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What AC format is still viable?", "id": "56e6d988de9d371400068086", "answers": [{"text": "hot AC", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Declining sales of what items harmed the adult contemporary genre?", "id": "56e6d988de9d371400068087", "answers": [{"text": "physical record", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The consolidation of the \"hot AC\" format contrasted with the near-demise of most other AC formats: Beginning with the 2005-2007 economic downturn and eventual recession most stations went for the more chart-based CHR, along with the top 40, urban and even Latino formats. Diminishing physical record sales also proved a major blow to the AC genre."}], ["Sebilangan besar muzik yang dimainkan pada format ini sama ada dianggap lama atau berulang. Ia sering melibatkan hubungan romantis dan seksual moden (dan kadang-kadang tema dewasa lain seperti kerja, membesarkan anak-anak, dan keluarga) dengan cara yang bijaksana dan rumit. AC lembut, yang tidak pernah berfikir menyimpan lagu dalam putaran tinggi secara literal selama bertahun-tahun dalam beberapa kes, tidak kelihatan semestinya menghadapi tekanan yang sama untuk mengembangkan formatnya. AC lembut merangkumi sejumlah besar muzik yang lebih tua, terutamanya R & B klasik, jiwa, dan muzik 1960-an dan 1970-an, berbanding AC panas. <> Bersama hubungan romantis dan seksual, keluarga dan kerja, apa yang kadang-kadang dibincangkan lagu-lagu kontemporari dewasa yang lembut? || Meningkatkan Kanak-kanak <> Muzik dari apa yang dua dekad dilahirkan pada format AC lembut? || 1960-an dan 1970-an <> Bersama dengan R & B klasik, apakah jenis genre yang dipaparkan pada stesen AC lembut? || jiwa <> Apakah format stesen radio yang lembut AC sering bertentangan dengan? || AC panas", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with romantic and sexual relationships, family and work, what do soft adult contemporary songs sometimes discuss?", "id": "56e6dbd66fe0821900b8ebf4", "answers": [{"text": "raising children", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Music from what two decades is notably featured on the soft AC format?", "id": "56e6dbd66fe0821900b8ebf5", "answers": [{"text": "1960s and 1970s", "answer_start": 524}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with classic R&B, what genre is notably featured on soft AC stations?", "id": "56e6dbd66fe0821900b8ebf6", "answers": [{"text": "soul", "answer_start": 514}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What radio station format is soft AC often contrasted with?", "id": "56e6dbd66fe0821900b8ebf7", "answers": [{"text": "hot AC", "answer_start": 552}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A large portion of music played on this format are either considered oldies or recurrent. It often deals with modern romantic and sexual relationships (and sometimes other adult themes such as work, raising children, and family) in a thoughtful and complex way. Soft AC, which has never minded keeping songs in high rotation literally for years in some cases, does not appear necessarily to be facing similar pressures to expand its format. Soft AC includes a larger amount of older music, especially classic R&B, soul, and 1960s and 1970s music, than hot AC."}], ["Format \"lembut\" AC telah dicipta semula pada akhir tahun 2000an / awal tahun 2010 akibat dari penurunan relevannya, mengamalkan pendekatan yang lebih tinggi, mendekati jalan, dengan pilihan \"lama\" (biasanya dari tahun 1960-an / 70an dan seterusnya), terutamanya rock, jazz, R & B dan muzik pop. Lagu-lagu baru lebih sering (tetapi tidak terhad kepada) tambang \"mudah dengar\", jumlah ini berbeza-beza bergantung pada umur sasaran demografi stesen. <> Secara amnya, apakah dekad paling awal yang diwakili oleh \"lama\" pada stesen AC yang lembut? || 1960-an <> Bersama dengan R & B, pop dan rock, apa genre musik diwakili di stesen AC lembut moden? || jazz <> Apakah genre musik lagu-lagu baru di stesen AC lembut sering dimiliki? || \"pendengaran mudah\" <> Dalam tempoh yang manakah percubaan AC lembut cuba mencipta semula? || akhir tahun 2000an / awal 2010", {"qas": [{"question": "Generally speaking, what is the earliest decade represented by the \"oldies\" on soft AC stations?", "id": "56e6da02de9d37140006808c", "answers": [{"text": "1960s", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with R&B, pop and rock, what genre of music is represented on modern soft AC stations?", "id": "56e6da02de9d37140006808d", "answers": [{"text": "jazz", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre of music do new songs on soft AC stations often belong to?", "id": "56e6da02de9d37140006808e", "answers": [{"text": "\"easy listening\"", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what period did soft AC stations attempt to reinvent themselves?", "id": "56e6da02de9d37140006808f", "answers": [{"text": "the late 2000s/early 2010s", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The \"soft\" AC format has reinvented in the late 2000s/early 2010s as a result of its declining relevance, adopting a more upmarket, middle-of-the-road approach, with a selection of \"oldies\" (usually from the 1960s/70s onwards), primarily rock, jazz, R&B and pop music. Newer songs are more often (but not limited to) \"easy listening\" fare, this amount varying depending on the age of the station's target demographic."}], ["Ditamakan \"akustik bersamaan dengan Prozac\", dewasa dewasa kontemporari, versi yang lebih berorientasikan AC dewasa, dilahirkan pada akhir 1970-an dan berkembang pada awal 1980-an. WEEI-FM di Boston adalah stesen pertama yang menggunakan istilah \"soft rock\", dengan slogan iklan seperti, \"Fleetwood Mac ... tanpa yack\" dan \"Joni ... tanpa baloney\". Majoriti muzik yang dimainkan di stesen AC lembut adalah lebih lembut, lebih akustik, dan terutamanya vokalis solo. <> Apakah format radio yang digambarkan sebagai \"akustik bersamaan dengan Prozac\"? || dewasa dewasa kontemporari <> Apa dekad melihat kelahiran format kontemporari dewasa yang lembut? || 1970-an <> Apa stesen radio yang memperkenalkan istilah \"soft rock\"? || WEEI-FM <> Dimana stesen yang memperkenalkan istilah \"soft rock\" berdasarkan? || Boston <> Apa daging yang diproses, dipaparkan dalam slogan iklan WEEI-FM, puisi dengan Joni? || baloney", {"qas": [{"question": "What radio format was described as being \"the acoustic equivalent to Prozac\"?", "id": "56e6daae6fe0821900b8ebe0", "answers": [{"text": "soft adult contemporary", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What decade saw the birth of the soft adult contemporary format?", "id": "56e6daae6fe0821900b8ebe1", "answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What radio station introduced the term \"soft rock\"?", "id": "56e6daae6fe0821900b8ebe2", "answers": [{"text": "WEEI-FM", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the station that introduced the term \"soft rock\" based?", "id": "56e6daae6fe0821900b8ebe3", "answers": [{"text": "Boston", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What processed meat, featured in WEEI-FM's ad slogan, rhymes with Joni?", "id": "56e6daae6fe0821900b8ebe4", "answers": [{"text": "baloney", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Termed \"the acoustic equivalent to Prozac\", soft adult contemporary, a more adult-oriented version of AC, was born in the late 1970s and grew in the early 1980s. WEEI-FM in Boston was the first station to use the term \"soft rock\", with ad slogans such as, \"Fleetwood Mac ... without the yack\" and \"Joni ... without the baloney\". The vast majority of music played on soft AC stations is mellow, more acoustic, and primarily solo vocalists."}], ["Trend yang popular di era ini menyanyikan lagu-lagu muzik tarian ke dalam balada kontemporari dewasa, terutamanya di Amerika Syarikat, (misalnya, versi \"Candlelight Mix\" versi \"Syurga\" oleh DJ Sammy, \"Dengar Untuk Hati Anda\" oleh DHT, dan \" Setiap kali Kami Sentuh \"oleh Cascada. Kontemporari dewasa mempunyai ciri-ciri lama sebagai keluarga yang mesra, tetapi versi edisi \"Sempurna\" oleh P! Nk dan \"Lupakan Anda\" oleh Cee Lo Green muncul dalam format pada tahun 2011. <> Apakah nama campuran DJ Sammy \"Syurga\"? || \"Campuran Candlelight\" <> Siapa yang mencatatkan lagu \"Listen To Your Heart\"? || D.H.T. <> Siapa yang dikenali dengan lagu \"Everytime We Touch\"? || Cascada <> Artis apa yang dilakukan lagu \"Lupakan Kamu\"? || Cee Lo Green <> Versi apa yang \"Perfect\" P! Nk muncul pada radio kontemporari dewasa pada tahun 2011? || diedit", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of DJ Sammy's mix of \"Heaven\"?", "id": "56e6d8036fe0821900b8ebcc", "answers": [{"text": "the \"Candlelight Mix\"", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who recorded the song \"Listen To Your Heart\"?", "id": "56e6d8036fe0821900b8ebcd", "answers": [{"text": "D.H.T.", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is known for the song \"Everytime We Touch\"?", "id": "56e6d8036fe0821900b8ebce", "answers": [{"text": "Cascada", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What artist performed the song \"Forget You\"?", "id": "56e6d8036fe0821900b8ebcf", "answers": [{"text": "Cee Lo Green", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What version of P!nk's \"Perfect\" appeared on adult contemporary radio in 2011?", "id": "56e6d8036fe0821900b8ebd0", "answers": [{"text": "edited", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A popular trend in this era was remixing dance music hits into adult contemporary ballads, especially in the US, (for example, the \"Candlelight Mix\" versions of \"Heaven\" by DJ Sammy, \"Listen To Your Heart\" by D.H.T., and \"Everytime We Touch\" by Cascada). Adult contemporary has long characterized itself as family-friendly, but edited versions of \"Perfect\" by P!nk and \"Forget You\" by Cee Lo Green showed up in the format in 2011."}], ["Nama popular lain untuk format termasuk \"Hangat\", \"Sunny\", \"Bee\" (atau \"B\") dan (terutamanya di Kanada) \"EZ Rock\". Format ini dapat dilihat sebagai pengganti yang lebih kontemporari dan kombinasi antara jalan tengah (MOR), muzik cantik, format mudah mendengar dan lembut. Banyak stesen dalam format AC lembut memanfaatkan rayuannya kepada pekerja pejabat (ramai daripada mereka perempuan berusia 25-54, demografi pengiklan utama), dan merek sendiri sebagai stesen \"semua orang di tempat kerja boleh bersetuju\" (KOST berasal frasa itu sebagai tagline utama, dan stesen AC yang lembut diikuti). <> Dalam negara apa yang dewasa dewasa kontemporari dipanggil \"EZ Rock\"? || Kanada <> Bersama dengan MOR, pendengaran mudah dan batuan lembut, format apa yang dewasa dewasa kontemporari lembut? || muzik yang indah <> Pekerjaan apa stereotaip yang dipegang oleh pendengar kontemporari dewasa yang lembut? || pekerja pejabat <> Apa iklan demografi yang dewasa dewasa dewasa dipasarkan? || perempuan berusia 25-54 <> Stesen apa yang mula-mula memperkenalkan tagline \"semua orang di tempat kerja boleh bersetuju\"? || KOST", {"qas": [{"question": "In what country is soft adult contemporary called \"EZ Rock\"?", "id": "56e6db4d6fe0821900b8ebea", "answers": [{"text": "Canada", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with MOR, easy listening and soft rock, what format is soft adult contemporary a successor to?", "id": "56e6db4d6fe0821900b8ebeb", "answers": [{"text": "beautiful music", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What occupation is stereotypical held by soft adult contemporary listeners?", "id": "56e6db4d6fe0821900b8ebec", "answers": [{"text": "office workers", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What advertising demographic is soft adult contemporary marketed towards?", "id": "56e6db4d6fe0821900b8ebed", "answers": [{"text": "females aged 25\u201354", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What station first introduced the tagline \"everyone at work can agree on\"?", "id": "56e6db4d6fe0821900b8ebee", "answers": [{"text": "KOST", "answer_start": 488}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Other popular names for the format include \"Warm\", \"Sunny\", \"Bee\" (or \"B\") and (particularly in Canada) \"EZ Rock\". The format can be seen as a more contemporary successor to and combination of the middle of the road (MOR), beautiful music, easy listening and soft rock formats. Many stations in the soft AC format capitalize on its appeal to office workers (many of them females aged 25\u201354, a key advertiser demographic), and brand themselves as stations \"everyone at work can agree on\" (KOST originated that phrase as a primary tagline, and other soft AC stations have followed suit)."}], ["Format AC lembut tidak lama lagi akan menghadapi tekanan demografi yang format jazz dan band besar berhadapan pada tahun 1960-an dan 1970-an dan format-format lama ini mula dihadapi hari ini, dengan hasilnya seseorang mungkin mendengar AC lembut kurang pada over- radio udara dan banyak lagi pada sistem radio satelit pada tahun-tahun akan datang. Kebanyakan muzik dan artis yang secara tradisinya dimainkan di stesen AC lembut telah diturunkan ke format standard dewasa, yang sendiri hilang kerana demografi penuaan. Beberapa stesen AC yang lembut telah menemui niche dengan memasukkan lebih lama kepada senarai main mereka dan lebih terbuka untuk memainkan lagu-lagu yang lebih lembut yang sesuai dengan definisi \"tradisional\" AC. <> Apakah format stesen radio yang dihadapi tekanan demografi pada 1960-an dan 70-an? || jazz dan band besar <> Apakah format stesen radio yang menghadapi tekanan demografi pada masa ini? || oldies <> Apa format stesen radio mempunyai banyak bekas artis AC lembut yang dipindahkan ke? || piawaian dewasa <> Stesen AC tertentu yang lembut telah menemui niche di radio dengan melakukan apa? || menggabungkan lebih lama <> Mengapa stesyen radio format dewasa merosot? || demografi penuaan", {"qas": [{"question": "What radio station formats faced demographic pressures in the 1960s and 70s?", "id": "56e6dd2bde9d37140006809c", "answers": [{"text": "jazz and big band", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What radio station format is facing demographic pressures in the present day?", "id": "56e6dd2bde9d37140006809d", "answers": [{"text": "oldies", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What radio station format have many of the former soft AC artists moved to?", "id": "56e6dd2bde9d37140006809e", "answers": [{"text": "adult standards", "answer_start": 412}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Certain soft AC stations have found a niche on the radio by doing what?", "id": "56e6dd2bde9d37140006809f", "answers": [{"text": "incorporating more oldies", "answer_start": 540}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why are adult standards format radio stations declining?", "id": "56e6dd2bde9d3714000680a0", "answers": [{"text": "aging demographics", "answer_start": 476}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The soft AC format may soon be facing the demographic pressures that the jazz and big band formats faced in the 1960s and 1970s and that the oldies format is starting to face today, with the result that one may hear soft AC less on over-the-air radio and more on satellite radio systems in coming years. Much of the music and artists that were traditionally played on soft AC stations have been relegated to the adult standards format, which is itself disappearing because of aging demographics. Some soft AC stations have found a niche by incorporating more oldies into their playlists and are more open to playing softer songs that fit the \"traditional\" definition of AC."}], ["Format yang dikenali sebagai ribut tenang sering dimasukkan dalam kontemporari dewasa bandar, dan sering dimainkan pada waktu petang, menggabungkan AC bandar dan gaya AC lembut muzik. Muzik yang dimainkan adalah balada dan kesesakan yang perlahan, kebanyakannya tetapi tidak terhad kepada seniman Hitam dan Latino. Artis popular dalam format ribut yang tenang ialah Teena Marie, Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Lalah Hathaway, Vanessa L. Williams, Toni Braxton, dan En Vogue. <> Format radio apa yang terdiri daripada balada dan kesesakan yang perlahan? || ribut yang tenang <> Apakah nama format radio yang merupakan gabungan dari kontemporari dewasa dan bandar dewasa? || ribut senyap <> Pada masa yang mana hari ini format badai yang tenang dimainkan? || petang <> Apakah etnik seniman yang biasa dimainkan di stesen ribut yang tenang? || Hitam dan Latino <> Bersama Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Teena Marie, Lalah Hathaway, Toni Braxton, dan En Vogue, seniman apa yang popular di stesen ribut yang tenang? || Vanessa L. Williams", {"qas": [{"question": "What radio format consists of ballads and slow jams?", "id": "56e6f41a6fe0821900b8ec64", "answers": [{"text": "quiet storm", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the radio format that is a mixture of urban and soft adult contemporary?", "id": "56e6f41a6fe0821900b8ec65", "answers": [{"text": "quiet storm", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what time of day is the quiet storm format played?", "id": "56e6f41a6fe0821900b8ec66", "answers": [{"text": "the evening", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the typical ethnicity of artists played on quiet storm stations?", "id": "56e6f41a6fe0821900b8ec67", "answers": [{"text": "Black and Latino", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Teena Marie, Lalah Hathaway, Toni Braxton, and En Vogue, what artist is popular on quiet storm stations?", "id": "56e6f41a6fe0821900b8ec68", "answers": [{"text": "Vanessa L. Williams", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A format called quiet storm is often included in urban adult contemporary, and is often played during the evening, blending the urban AC and soft AC styles of music. The music that is played is strictly ballads and slow jams, mostly but not limited to Black and Latino artists. Popular artists in the quiet storm format are Teena Marie, Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Lalah Hathaway, Vanessa L. Williams, Toni Braxton, and En Vogue among others."}], ["Stesen AC bandar menyerupai AC lembut dan bukan AC panas; mereka bermain terutamanya R & B dan muzik jiwa dengan hip-hop kecil. Ini dicerminkan oleh banyak slogan di stesen radio AC bandar, seperti \"R & B dan jiwa klasik hari ini\", \"R & B hits dan lama\" dan \"pemimpin R & B\" (Bandar / Wilayah). Artis teras Urban AC termasuk Luther Vandross, Trey Songz, Patti LaBelle, Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, Frank Ocean, Craig David dan Mariah Carey. <> Apakah format radio kontemporari dewasa lain adalah AC bandar yang serupa? || AC lembut <> Apa genre musik tidak sering dimainkan di AC bandar? || hip-hop <> Apa dua genre muzik yang popular di AC bandar? || R & B dan muzik jiwa <> Bersama Trey Songz, Patti LaBelle, Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, Frank Ocean, Craig David dan Mariah Carey, yang terkenal sebagai artis AC bandar? || Luther Vandross <> Apakah format radio kontemporari dewasa adalah AC bandar tidak sama? || AC panas", {"qas": [{"question": "What other adult contemporary radio format is urban AC similar to?", "id": "56e6f3236fe0821900b8ec4a", "answers": [{"text": "soft AC", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre of music is not played frequently on urban AC?", "id": "56e6f3236fe0821900b8ec4b", "answers": [{"text": "hip-hop", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two genres of music are popular on urban AC?", "id": "56e6f3236fe0821900b8ec4c", "answers": [{"text": "R&B and soul music", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Trey Songz, Patti LaBelle, Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, Frank Ocean, Craig David and Mariah Carey, who is a well-known urban AC artist?", "id": "56e6f3236fe0821900b8ec4d", "answers": [{"text": "Luther Vandross", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What adult contemporary radio format is urban AC not similar to?", "id": "56e6f3236fe0821900b8ec4e", "answers": [{"text": "hot AC", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The urban AC stations resemble soft AC rather than hot AC; they play predominantly R&B and soul music with little hip-hop. This is reflected in many of the urban AC radio stations' taglines, such as \"Today's R&B and classic soul\", \"The best variety of R&B hits and oldies\" and \"(City/Region)'s R&B leader\". Urban AC's core artists include Luther Vandross, Trey Songz, Patti LaBelle, Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, Frank Ocean, Craig David and Mariah Carey."}], ["Borang AC yang lebih rumit adalah format lama berirama, yang memberi tumpuan terutamanya pada \"sekolah lama\" R & B dan jiwa hits dari 1960-an hingga 1990-an, termasuk Motown dan hits disko. Formatnya termasuk artis jiwa atau disko seperti ABBA, Orang Kampung, The Jackson 5, Donna Summer, Tina Charles, Gloria Gaynor dan Bee Gees. Stesen lama yang berirama masih wujud hari ini, tetapi sasaran Afrika-Amerika berbanding dengan penonton massa. <> Format radio apa yang sama dengan AC bandar tetapi mempunyai jiwa yang lebih tua dan lagu R & B? || lagu berirama <> Berapa dekad muzik paling awal yang dipaparkan pada format lama berirama? || 1960-an <> Apakah muzik sedekad yang paling akhir dari mana muzik dapat didengar di stesen lama berirama? || 1990-an <> Apakah sasaran demografi format lama berirama? || Afrika-Amerika", {"qas": [{"question": "What radio format is similar to urban AC but features older soul and R&B songs?", "id": "56e6f3976fe0821900b8ec54", "answers": [{"text": "rhythmic oldies", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the earliest decade of music typically featured on the rhythmic oldies format?", "id": "56e6f3976fe0821900b8ec55", "answers": [{"text": "1960s", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the most recent decade music from which music can be heard on a rhythmic oldies station?", "id": "56e6f3976fe0821900b8ec56", "answers": [{"text": "1990s", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the target demographic of the rhythmic oldies format?", "id": "56e6f3976fe0821900b8ec57", "answers": [{"text": "African-Americans", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A more elaborate form of urban AC is the rhythmic oldies format, which focuses primarily on \"old school\" R&B and soul hits from the 1960s to the 1990s, including Motown and disco hits. The format includes soul or disco artists such as ABBA, The Village People, The Jackson 5, Donna Summer, Tina Charles, Gloria Gaynor and the Bee Gees. Rhythmic oldies stations still exist today, but target African-Americans as opposed to a mass audience."}], ["Format ini selalunya termasuk tarian-pop (seperti lagu-lagu dari Madonna, Cher, Gloria Estefan dan Kylie Minogue), power pops (terutamanya oleh boybands seperti Backstreet Boys dan Westlife), dan muzik rock lembut berorientasikan dewasa yang dipandu ballad (biasanya oleh Aerosmith [petikan yang diperlukan], The Eagles, Sting, Toto dan The Moody Blues). Pada amnya, stesen radio AC Hot mensasarkan output muzik mereka ke arah kumpulan usia 18-54 dan penonton demografi kedua-dua lelaki dan wanita. <> Madonna, Cher, Gloria Estefan dan Kylie Minogue adalah artis dalam genre muzik apa? || tarian-pop <> Apa jenis band Backstreet Boys dan Westlife? || boybands <> Apakah genre muzik dimainkan oleh Westlife? || kuasa muncul <> Apakah genre muzik yang dimainkan oleh The Eagles? || Batu lembut <> Berapa rentang umur sasaran stesen AC Panas? || 18-54", {"qas": [{"question": "Madonna, Cher, Gloria Estefan and Kylie Minogue are artists in what genre of music?", "id": "56e6df336fe0821900b8ec10", "answers": [{"text": "dance-pop", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of band are Backstreet Boys and Westlife?", "id": "56e6df336fe0821900b8ec11", "answers": [{"text": "boybands", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre of music is played by Westlife?", "id": "56e6df336fe0821900b8ec12", "answers": [{"text": "power pops", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre of music is played by The Eagles?", "id": "56e6df336fe0821900b8ec13", "answers": [{"text": "soft rock", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the target age range of Hot AC stations?", "id": "56e6df336fe0821900b8ec14", "answers": [{"text": "18-54", "answer_start": 399}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "This format often includes dance-pop (such as upbeat songs by Madonna, Cher, Gloria Estefan and Kylie Minogue), power pops (mainly by boybands such as Backstreet Boys and Westlife), and adult-oriented soft rock music that are ballad-driven (typically by Aerosmith[citation needed], The Eagles, Sting, Toto and The Moody Blues). Generally, Hot AC radio stations target their music output towards the 18-54 age group and a demographic audience of both men and women."}], ["Anita Baker, Sade, Regina Belle, dan Luther Vandross adalah contoh lain artis yang merayu kepada AC mainstream, AC bandar dan pendengar jazz licin. Sesetengah stesen AC dan AC yang lembut suka bermain jazz lancar pada hujung minggu. Dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini, format Smooth Jazz telah dinamakan semula kepada Smooth AC, sebagai percubaan untuk menarik perhatian pendengar yang lebih muda. <> Bersama dengan jazz kontemporari dan lancar dewasa bandar, apakah format stesen mungkin menampilkan muzik dari Sade? || mainstream AC <> Apa format lain kadangkala dimainkan di stesen AC bandar? || jazz lancar <> Apabila anda mungkin mendengar jazz yang lancar di stesen AC yang lembut? || hujung minggu <> Apakah nama yang lebih baru untuk format jazz lancar? || AC licin <> Apakah format jazz licin dinamakan semula? || untuk menarik perhatian pendengar yang lebih muda", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with urban adult contemporary and smooth jazz, what station format might feature music from Sade?", "id": "56e6f47d6fe0821900b8ec6e", "answers": [{"text": "mainstream AC", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other format is sometimes played on urban AC stations?", "id": "56e6f47d6fe0821900b8ec6f", "answers": [{"text": "smooth jazz", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When might you hear smooth jazz on a soft AC station?", "id": "56e6f47d6fe0821900b8ec70", "answers": [{"text": "the weekends", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a more recent name for the smooth jazz format?", "id": "56e6f47d6fe0821900b8ec71", "answers": [{"text": "Smooth AC", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the smooth jazz format renamed?", "id": "56e6f47d6fe0821900b8ec72", "answers": [{"text": "to lure younger listeners", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Anita Baker, Sade, Regina Belle, and Luther Vandross are other examples of artists who appeal to mainstream AC, urban AC and smooth jazz listeners. Some soft AC and urban AC stations like to play smooth jazz on the weekends. In recent years, the Smooth Jazz format has been renamed to Smooth AC, as an attempt to lure younger listeners."}], ["AC Urban adalah bentuk muzik AC yang diarahkan kepada penonton Afrika-Amerika dewasa, dan oleh itu, artis-artis yang dimainkan di stesen-stesen ini paling kerap kali hitam, seperti Des'ree, yang albumnya I Is not Movin 'sangat popular di kalangan penonton Afrika Amerika serta penonton kebangsaan yang lebih luas. <> Apakah kumpulan umur Urban Focus tertumpu kepada? || dewasa <> Apa perlumbaan adalah demografi sasaran radio AC bandar? || Afrika-Amerika <> Siapakah contoh artis yang dimainkan di stesen radio format bandar AC? || Des'ree <> Apa nama album popular yang dikeluarkan oleh Des'ree? || I Is not Movin '<> Apakah etnik seniman yang biasa dimainkan di radio kontemporari dewasa bandar? || hitam", {"qas": [{"question": "What age group is Urban AC focused towards?", "id": "56e6f11ade9d3714000680c4", "answers": [{"text": "adult", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What race is the target demographic of Urban AC radio?", "id": "56e6f11ade9d3714000680c5", "answers": [{"text": "African-American", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is an example of an artist played on Urban AC format radio stations?", "id": "56e6f11ade9d3714000680c6", "answers": [{"text": "Des'ree", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the popular album released by Des'ree?", "id": "56e6f11ade9d3714000680c7", "answers": [{"text": "I Ain't Movin'", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the ethnicity of artists commonly played on urban adult contemporary radio?", "id": "56e6f11ade9d3714000680c8", "answers": [{"text": "black", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Urban AC is a form of AC music geared towards adult African-American audiences, and therefore, the artists that are played on these stations are most often black, such as Des'ree, whose album I Ain't Movin' was massively popular amongst both African American audience as well as the wider national audience."}], ["Stesen radio kontemporari dewasa panas memainkan pelbagai hits klasik dan muzik arus perdana yang ditujukan kepada penonton dewasa. Sesetengah stesen AC panas menumpukan lebih sedikit pada muzik pop dan rock alternatif untuk mensasarkan penonton Generasi Z, walaupun mereka termasuk lebih banyak remaja yang berorientasikan remaja pop, trek tarian bandar dan berirama. <> Bersama dengan hits klasik, apakah jenis muzik yang menampilkan stesen kontemporari dewasa panas? || muzik arus perdana kontemporari <> Apakah penonton utama stesyen format kontemporari dewasa panas? || dewasa <> Apa demografi yang membuat stesen AC panas memaparkan lebih banyak tumpuan rock dan pop alternatif? || Generasi Z <> Bersama dengan trek tarian perbandaran dan berirama, genre apa yang dipaparkan di stesen AC panas dengan penonton yang lebih muda? || remaja pop", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with classic hits, what type of music do hot adult contemporary stations feature?", "id": "56e6de2cde9d3714000680b2", "answers": [{"text": "contemporary mainstream music", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the primary audience of hot adult contemporary format stations?", "id": "56e6de2cde9d3714000680b3", "answers": [{"text": "adult", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What demographic do hot AC stations featuring more pop and alternative rock focus on?", "id": "56e6de2cde9d3714000680b4", "answers": [{"text": "Generation Z", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with urban and rhythmic dance tracks, what genre is featured on hot AC stations with a younger audience?", "id": "56e6de2cde9d3714000680b5", "answers": [{"text": "teen pop", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hot adult contemporary radio stations play a variety of classic hits and contemporary mainstream music aimed at an adult audience. Some Hot AC stations concentrate slightly more on pop music and alternative rock to target the Generation Z audience, though they include the more youth-oriented teen pop, urban and rhythmic dance tracks."}], ["Kontemporari dewasa moden boleh menjadi variasi AC panas, dan termasuk tajuk rock moden dalam pembentangannya. Pada tahun 1997, Mike Marino dari KMXB di Las Vegas menggambarkan format itu sebagai \"mencapai penonton yang telah melampaui hip hop atau muzik alternatif tetapi tidak mendapat cukup lama dan menyemai untuk AC yang lembut.\" Seniman format termasuk Alanis Morissette, Counting Crows, Gin Blossoms, Bon Jovi, Train, No Doubt, Script, The Cranberries, Lifehouse, Sarah McLachlan, Sara Bareilles, John Mayer, Jewel, dan Ingrid Michaelson. Tidak seperti batu moden, yang berlaku selepas 18-34 lelaki, format ini merayu kepada wanita. <> Stesen apa yang dilakukan Mike Marino pada tahun 1997? || KMXB <> Di manakah stesen radio KMXB berdasarkan pada tahun 1997? || Las Vegas <> Apa demografi umur radio rock moden yang difokuskan? || 18-34 <> Apakah seks pendengar radio rock moden ditujukan ke arah? || lelaki <> Tidak seperti radio rock moden, seks apa radio kontemporari dewasa dikatakan menarik? || wanita", {"qas": [{"question": "What station did Mike Marino work for in 1997?", "id": "56e6efa9de9d3714000680ba", "answers": [{"text": "KMXB", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the radio station KMXB based in 1997?", "id": "56e6efa9de9d3714000680bb", "answers": [{"text": "Las Vegas", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What age demographic is modern rock radio focused on?", "id": "56e6efa9de9d3714000680bc", "answers": [{"text": "18-34", "answer_start": 571}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the sex of the listeners modern rock radio is geared towards?", "id": "56e6efa9de9d3714000680bd", "answers": [{"text": "men", "answer_start": 577}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Unlike modern rock radio, what sex is adult contemporary radio said to appeal to?", "id": "56e6efa9de9d3714000680be", "answers": [{"text": "women", "answer_start": 606}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Modern adult contemporary can be a variation of hot AC, and includes modern rock titles in its presentation. In 1997, Mike Marino of KMXB in Las Vegas described the format as reaching \"an audience that has outgrown the edgier hip-hop or alternative music but hasn't gotten old and sappy enough for the soft ACs.\" The format's artists included Alanis Morissette, Counting Crows, Gin Blossoms, Bon Jovi, Train, No Doubt, The Script, The Cranberries, Lifehouse, Sarah McLachlan, Sara Bareilles, John Mayer, Jewel, and Ingrid Michaelson. Unlike modern rock, which went after 18-34 men, this format appealed to women."}], ["Pada tahun 1980-an, gabungan fenomena jazz-R & B (George Benson, Patti Austin, Al Jarreau) dan R & B crossover bergaya (Anita Baker dan Luther Vandross, Edisi Baru dan Keith Sweat) sama-sama berjaya di arus perdana. Pada tahun 1990-an dan awal 2000-an (dekad), artis-artis sebagai sonically berbeza sebagai R. Kelly, Leona Lewis (terutamanya balada) dan Jill Scott kedua-duanya menyesuaikan bil, dengan syarat penonton untuk bahan itu matang. Dengan menunggang dan menyumbang kepada hampir semua trend, tiada siapa yang menunjukkan gaya lebih daripada Babyface, yang kerjaya berkembang selama 20 tahun sebagai ahli Deele (Dua Kegiatan), seorang artis solo (Whip Appeal, When Can I See You ), dan pencipta lagu / penghasil (Toni Braxton Breathe Again, Boyz II Lelaki Saya Akan Membuat Cinta kepada Anda). <> Apakah genre musik yang dilakukan oleh Patti Austin? || jazz-R & B fusion <> Daripada genre apa yang ahli muzik Keith Sweat? || crossover R & B <> Selama apa dekad itu musisi seperti Al Jarreau dan Luther Vandross sangat berjaya? || 1980-an <> Apa jenis lagu yang dikenali Leona Lewis? || balada <> Siapa yang menulis Boyz II Lelaki Saya Akan Mengasihi Anda? || Babyface", {"qas": [{"question": "What genre of music did Patti Austin perform?", "id": "56e6f651de9d3714000680f6", "answers": [{"text": "jazz-R&B fusion", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of what genre was the musician Keith Sweat?", "id": "56e6f651de9d3714000680f7", "answers": [{"text": "crossover R&B", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what decade were musicians like Al Jarreau and Luther Vandross notably successful?", "id": "56e6f651de9d3714000680f8", "answers": [{"text": "1980s", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of songs was Leona Lewis known for?", "id": "56e6f651de9d3714000680f9", "answers": [{"text": "ballads", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You?", "id": "56e6f651de9d3714000680fa", "answers": [{"text": "Babyface", "answer_start": 511}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 1980s, lush jazz-R&B fusion (George Benson, Patti Austin, Al Jarreau) and stylish crossover R&B (Anita Baker and Luther Vandross, New Edition and Keith Sweat) were equally successful within the mainstream. In the 1990s and early 2000s (decade), artists as sonically contrasting as R. Kelly, Leona Lewis (mainly ballads) and Jill Scott both fit the bill, provided the audience for the material was mature. By riding and contributing to nearly all of the trends, no one has exemplified the style more than Babyface, whose career thrived over 20 years as a member of the Deele (Two Occasions), a solo artist (Whip Appeal, When Can I See You), and a songwriter/producer (Toni Braxton's Breathe Again, Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You)."}], ["R & B kontemporari dewasa boleh dimainkan di kedua-dua stesen AC lembut dan AC bandar. Ia adalah bentuk neo jiwa R & B yang memberi penekanan pada lagu dan kecanggihan. Seperti penggunaan mesin dram, pensintesis, dan sequencers yang menguasai muzik R & B, R & B kontemporari dewasa cenderung mengambil sebahagian besar isyaratnya daripada strain yang lebih halus pada tahun 1970-an, seperti jiwa licin, jiwa Philly dan ribut yang tenang. Lagu klasik menyentuh dan instrumentasi bersandar organik, sering memaparkan susunan tali dan carta tanduk, adalah pemalar. <> Bersama dengan AC lembut, pada format stesyen apa yang mungkin dipaparkan R & B kontemporari dewasa? || AC <> Apa ciri-ciri yang ditekankan dalam muzik R & B kontemporari dewasa? || lagu dan kecanggihan <> Bersama dengan jiwa lancar dan ribut yang tenang, genre apa yang mempengaruhi R & B kontemporari dewasa? || Philly soul <> Selama sedekad apa itu jiwa yang licin popular? || 1970-an <> Bersama-sama dengan mesin drum dan pensintesis, apa alat elektronik yang sering dijumpai dalam muzik berasaskan R & B moden? || pengaturcara", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with soft AC, on what station format might adult contemporary R&B be featured?", "id": "56e6f4fdde9d3714000680e2", "answers": [{"text": "urban AC", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What features are emphasized in adult contemporary R&B music?", "id": "56e6f4fdde9d3714000680e3", "answers": [{"text": "songcraft and sophistication", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with smooth soul and quiet storm, what genre influenced adult contemporary R&B?", "id": "56e6f4fdde9d3714000680e4", "answers": [{"text": "Philly soul", "answer_start": 365}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what decade was smooth soul popular?", "id": "56e6f4fdde9d3714000680e5", "answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with drum machines and synthesizers, what electronic instruments are often found in modern R&B-based music?", "id": "56e6f4fdde9d3714000680e6", "answers": [{"text": "sequencers", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Adult contemporary R&B may be played on both soft AC stations and urban AC. It is a form of neo soul R&B that places emphasis on songcraft and sophistication. As the use of drum machines, synthesizers, and sequencers dominates R&B-rooted music, adult contemporary R&B tends to take most of its cues from the more refined strains of 1970s soul, such as smooth soul, Philly soul and quiet storm. Classic songwriting touches and organic-leaning instrumentation, often featuring string arrangements and horn charts, were constants."}], ["Muzik Kristian Kontemporari (CCM) mempunyai beberapa subgenres, satu menjadi \"AC Kristian\". Radio & Rekod, misalnya, menyenaraikan Christian AC di dalam carta formatnya. Terdapat format crossover untuk format mainstream AC dan panas oleh banyak artis teras genre AC Kristian, terutamanya Amy Grant, Michael W. Smith, Kathy Troccoli, Steven Curtis Chapman, Plumb, dan baru-baru ini, MercyMe. <> Apakah CCM adalah singkatan? || Muzik Kristian kontemporari <> Apakah genre muzik yang dilakukan oleh MercyMe? || AC Christian <> Penerbitan apa yang termasuk AC Christian dengan carta formatnya? || Radio & Rekod <> Bersama dengan AC arus perdana, format apa juga telah menampilkan artis AC Kristian pada dasar silang? || AC panas", {"qas": [{"question": "What is CCM an acronym of?", "id": "56e6f6e0de9d371400068100", "answers": [{"text": "Contemporary Christian music", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre of music is performed by MercyMe?", "id": "56e6f6e0de9d371400068101", "answers": [{"text": "Christian AC", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What publication includes Christian AC with its format charts?", "id": "56e6f6e0de9d371400068102", "answers": [{"text": "Radio & Records", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with mainstream AC, what format has also featured Christian AC artists on a crossover basis?", "id": "56e6f6e0de9d371400068103", "answers": [{"text": "hot AC", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Contemporary Christian music (CCM) has several subgenres, one being \"Christian AC\". Radio & Records, for instance, lists Christian AC among its format charts. There has been crossover to mainstream and hot AC formats by many of the core artists of the Christian AC genre, notably Amy Grant, Michael W. Smith, Kathy Troccoli, Steven Curtis Chapman, Plumb, and more recently, MercyMe."}], ["Dalam tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini telah menjadi biasa bagi banyak stesen AC, terutamanya stesen AC yang lembut, untuk memainkan muzik Krismas terutamanya atau semata-mata semasa musim Krismas pada bulan November dan Disember. Walaupun kebanyakan cenderung untuk menjadi rakaman bermusim oleh beberapa artis yang sama di bawah format biasa, kebanyakan stesen juga akan menyiarkan lagu-lagu cuti vintaj dari artis pop, MOR, dan dewasa yang lebih tua - seperti Nat King Cole, Bing Crosby, Dekan Martin, The Carpenters, Percy Faith, Johnny Mathis dan Andy Williams - kebanyakannya tidak akan dimainkan di stesen ini sepanjang tahun. <> Apa format AC khusus untuk bermain muzik Krismas pada musim Krismas? || AC lembut <> Selama dua bulan apakah musim Krismas berlaku? || November dan Disember <> Bersama dengan Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, The Carpenters, Percy Faith dan Andy Williams, yang seorang artis bermain di stesen AC sekitar Christmastime tetapi tidak sebaliknya? || Johnny Mathis", {"qas": [{"question": "What AC format is especially known for playing Christmas music in the Christmas season?", "id": "56e6f78d6fe0821900b8ec78", "answers": [{"text": "soft AC", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what two months does the Christmas season take place?", "id": "56e6f78d6fe0821900b8ec79", "answers": [{"text": "November and December", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, The Carpenters, Percy Faith and Andy Williams, who is an artist played on AC stations around Christmastime but not otherwise?", "id": "56e6f78d6fe0821900b8ec7a", "answers": [{"text": "Johnny Mathis", "answer_start": 498}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In recent years it has become common for many AC stations, particularly soft AC stations, to play primarily or exclusively Christmas music during the Christmas season in November and December. While these tend mostly to be contemporary seasonal recordings by the same few artists featured under the normal format, most stations will also air some vintage holiday tunes from older pop, MOR, and adult standards artists \u2013 such as Nat King Cole, Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, The Carpenters, Percy Faith, Johnny Mathis and Andy Williams \u2013 many of whom would never be played on these stations during the rest of the year."}], ["Ini maraton muzik Krismas biasanya bermula pada minggu sebelum Hari Kesyukuran dan berakhir selepas Hari Krismas, atau kadang-kadang memanjang hingga Hari Tahun Baru. Selepas itu, stesen biasanya meneruskan tambang muzik normal mereka. Beberapa stesen memulakan format percutian jauh lebih awal, pada awal bulan November. Akar tradisi ini dapat dikesan kembali kepada muzik indah dan stesen pendengaran mudah tahun 1960-an dan 1970-an. <> Bilakah muzik Krismas di stesen format AC biasanya bermula? || minggu sebelum Hari Kesyukuran <> Bilakah dua kali lebih awal bahawa muzik Krismas di stesen kontemporari dewasa biasanya berakhir? || selepas Hari Krismas <> Bilakah akhir dua kali bahawa muzik Krismas di stesen kontemporari dewasa biasanya berakhir? || Hari Tahun Baru <> Bilakah yang paling awal stesen AC akan beralih ke format Krismas? || permulaan November <> Apa dua format yang mempelopori tradisi musik Krismas pada tahun 1960-an? || muzik cantik dan mendengar mudah", {"qas": [{"question": "When does Christmas music on AC format stations usually begin?", "id": "56e6f84ede9d371400068108", "answers": [{"text": "the week before Thanksgiving Day", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When is the earlier of the two times that Christmas music on adult contemporary stations typically ends?", "id": "56e6f84ede9d371400068109", "answers": [{"text": "after Christmas Day", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When is the later of the two times that Christmas music on adult contemporary stations usually ends?", "id": "56e6f84ede9d37140006810a", "answers": [{"text": "New Year's Day", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When is the earliest an AC station will switch to a Christmas format?", "id": "56e6f84ede9d37140006810b", "answers": [{"text": "the beginning of November", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two formats pioneered the Christmas music tradition in the 1960s?", "id": "56e6f84ede9d37140006810c", "answers": [{"text": "beautiful music and easy listening", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "These Christmas music marathons typically start during the week before Thanksgiving Day and end after Christmas Day, or sometimes extending to New Year's Day. Afterwards, the stations usually resume their normal music fare. Several stations begin the holiday format much earlier, at the beginning of November. The roots of this tradition can be traced back to the beautiful music and easy listening stations of the 1960s and 1970s."}]], [["Zealander baru George Hudson mencadangkan idea moden penjimatan siang pada tahun 1895. Jerman dan Austria-Hungary menganjurkan pelaksanaan pertama di seluruh negara, bermula pada 30 April 1916. Banyak negara telah menggunakannya pada pelbagai waktu sejak itu, terutama sejak krisis tenaga pada tahun 1970-an . <> Siapa yang pertama mencadangkan penjimatan siang hari? || George Hudson <> Dari negara apakah George Hudson es? || New Zealand <> Dalam tahun berapakah penjimatan siang hari yang pertama dicadangkan? || 1895 <> Selain Austria-Hungary, apakah negara yang mula-mula meletakkan kesan DST? || Jerman", {"qas": [{"question": "Who first suggested daylight saving?", "id": "56e6fd9cde9d371400068112", "answers": [{"text": "George Hudson", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what country did George Hudson hail?", "id": "56e6fd9cde9d371400068113", "answers": [{"text": "New Zealand", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was modern daylight saving first proposed?", "id": "56e6fd9cde9d371400068114", "answers": [{"text": "1895", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides Austria-Hungary, what country first put DST into effect?", "id": "56e6fd9cde9d371400068115", "answers": [{"text": "Germany", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New Zealander George Hudson proposed the modern idea of daylight saving in 1895. Germany and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on 30 April 1916. Many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s."}], ["Walaupun masa perubahan matahari terbit dan matahari terbenam pada kadar yang sama rata apabila musim berubah, penyokong Hari Penjimatan Day mengaku bahawa kebanyakan orang lebih suka peningkatan jam siang lebih banyak selepas hari kerja biasa \"sembilan hingga lima\". Penyokong juga berpendapat bahawa DST mengurangkan penggunaan tenaga dengan mengurangkan keperluan untuk pencahayaan dan pemanasan, tetapi kesan sebenar penggunaan tenaga secara keseluruhannya sangat dipertikaikan. <> Apakah dua sumber penggunaan tenaga yang dikatakan DST dikatakan dikurangkan oleh perubahan masa? || pencahayaan dan pemanasan <> Kata apa yang menerangkan kadar anggaran di mana matahari terbenam dan matahari terbit berubah dengan musim? || sama <> Adakah orang-orang yang suka DST mengatakan orang lebih suka mempunyai jam tambahan siang sebelum atau selepas hari kerja biasa mereka? || selepas <> Adakah penyokong atau penentang Hari Penjimatan Siang yang mengatakan ia dengan ketara mengurangkan penggunaan tenaga? || Penyokong", {"qas": [{"question": "What two sources of energy use do DST proponents say are reduced by the time change?", "id": "56e720f137bdd419002c3d77", "answers": [{"text": "lighting and heating", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What word describes the approximate rates at which sunset and sunrise change with the seasons?", "id": "56e720f137bdd419002c3d78", "answers": [{"text": "equal", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Do those who favor DST say people would rather have an extra hour of daylight before or after their usual workday?", "id": "56e720f137bdd419002c3d79", "answers": [{"text": "after", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is it the supporters or opponents of Daylight Saving Time who say it significantly reduces energy use?", "id": "56e720f137bdd419002c3d7a", "answers": [{"text": "Supporters", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "While the times of sunrise and sunset change at roughly equal rates as the seasons change, proponents of Daylight Saving Time argue that most people prefer a greater increase in daylight hours after the typical \"nine-to-five\" workday. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, but the actual effect on overall energy use is heavily disputed."}], ["Peralihan jam DST kadangkala merumitkan masa dan dapat mengganggu perjalanan, pengebilan, penyimpanan rekod, peralatan perubatan, peralatan berat, dan pola tidur. Perisian komputer sering boleh menyesuaikan jam secara automatik, tetapi perubahan dasar oleh pelbagai bidang kuasa tarikh dan pemasaan DST mungkin mengelirukan. <> Apa yang boleh dipengaruhi oleh DST yang mungkin mengganggu rancangan untuk bercuti? || perjalanan <> Apabila jam di komputer riba anda menyesuaikan diri dengan DST tanpa anda menetapkan semula jam, apakah yang mengawal perubahan? || Perisian komputer <> Apa yang kadang-kadang berubah wilayah yang menggabungkan tarikh dan masa DST? || dasar <> Apa bahagian penting dalam kehidupan seharian mungkin terganggu kerana DST mengubah masa tidur anda? || corak tidur", {"qas": [{"question": "What can be affected by DST that might disrupt plans for a vacation?", "id": "56e708d0de9d37140006811c", "answers": [{"text": "travel", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When the clock on your laptop adjusts to DST without you resetting the clock, what is controlling the change?", "id": "56e708d0de9d37140006811d", "answers": [{"text": "Computer software", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do jurisdictions sometimes change that mixes up DST dates and times?", "id": "56e708d0de9d37140006811e", "answers": [{"text": "policy", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What important part of daily life might be disturbed because of DST changing what time you go to bed?", "id": "56e708d0de9d37140006811f", "answers": [{"text": "sleep patterns", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software can often adjust clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of the dates and timings of DST may be confusing."}], ["Waktu menjimatkan siang (DST) atau waktu musim panas adalah amalan memajukan jam semasa bulan-bulan musim panas dengan satu jam supaya pada waktu siang hari berpengalaman lebih jam lagi, sambil mengorbankan masa matahari terbit biasa. Lazimnya, kawasan-kawasan dengan masa musim panas menyesuaikan jam ke hadapan satu jam berhampiran dengan permulaan musim bunga dan menyesuaikan mereka ke belakang pada musim luruh hingga ke masa standard. <> Istilah apa yang digunakan secara bergantian dengan waktu penjimatan siang? || masa musim panas <> Berapa tempoh waktu yang kita tetapkan jam ke hadapan dalam DST? || satu jam <> Apa yang kita akan mendapat jam tambahan kerana kita menetapkan jam ke hadapan? || siang hari <> Pada musim apa daerah yang mengamalkan DST menetapkan jam kembali satu jam? || musim luruh <> Dengan menetapkan jam ke hadapan, masa normal kejadian harian apa yang terganggu? || matahari terbit", {"qas": [{"question": "What term is used interchangeably with daylight saving time?", "id": "56e6fca46fe0821900b8ec7e", "answers": [{"text": "summer time", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What period of time do we set our clocks forward in DST?", "id": "56e6fca46fe0821900b8ec7f", "answers": [{"text": "one hour", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do we get an extra hour of because we set the clocks forward?", "id": "56e6fca46fe0821900b8ec80", "answers": [{"text": "daylight", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what season do regions who practice DST set the clocks back one hour?", "id": "56e6fca46fe0821900b8ec81", "answers": [{"text": "autumn", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By setting the clocks forward, the normal time of what daily event is disrupted?", "id": "56e6fca46fe0821900b8ec82", "answers": [{"text": "sunrise", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Daylight saving time (DST) or summer time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that in the evening daylight is experienced an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions with summer time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust them backward in the autumn to standard time."}], ["Dengan serentak menyusun semula semua jam di rantau kepada satu jam menjelang Masa Standard (satu jam \"pantas\"), individu yang mengikuti jadual sepanjang tahun akan bangun sejam lebih awal daripada yang mereka sebaliknya; mereka akan memulakan dan menyelesaikan rutin kerja harian sejam lebih awal, dan mereka akan mempunyai mereka tambahan jam siang selepas aktiviti hari kerja mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, mereka akan mempunyai satu jam kurang siang pada permulaan setiap hari, menjadikan dasar kurang praktikal semasa musim sejuk. <> Berapa banyak perkara sebelum ini berlaku rutin orang kerana penjimatan siang hari? || satu jam <> Di mana musim adalah dasar menetapkan jam di depan paling tidak praktikal? || musim sejuk <> Adakah menetapkan jam di hadapan menambah jam siang sebelum atau selepas hari kerja biasa? || selepas <> Apakah jadwal waktu yang dipanggil apabila ia bukan masa simpanan hari? || Masa Standard", {"qas": [{"question": "How much earlier do people's routines happen because of daylight savings?", "id": "56e71ec800c9c71400d76e67", "answers": [{"text": "one hour", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which season is the policy of setting clocks ahead least practical?", "id": "56e71ec800c9c71400d76e68", "answers": [{"text": "winter", "answer_start": 489}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does setting the clocks ahead add an hour of daylight before or after the normal workday?", "id": "56e71ec800c9c71400d76e69", "answers": [{"text": "after", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the schedule of time called when it is not daylight savings time?", "id": "56e71ec800c9c71400d76e6a", "answers": [{"text": "Standard Time", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By synchronously resetting all clocks in a region to one hour ahead of Standard Time (one hour \"fast\"), individuals who follow such a year-round schedule will wake an hour earlier than they would have otherwise; they will begin and complete daily work routines an hour earlier, and they will have available to them an extra hour of daylight after their workday activities. However, they will have one less hour of daylight at the start of each day, making the policy less practical during winter."}], ["Amalan ini telah menerima kedua-dua sokongan dan kritikan. Meletakkan jam ke hadapan manfaat peruncitan, sukan, dan aktiviti lain yang mengeksploitasi sinar matahari selepas waktu bekerja, tetapi boleh menyebabkan masalah untuk hiburan malam dan aktiviti lain yang berkaitan dengan cahaya matahari, seperti pertanian. Walaupun beberapa penyokong awal DST bertujuan untuk mengurangkan penggunaan malam lampu pijar, yang digunakan sebagai penggunaan utama elektrik, pemanasan moden dan corak penggunaan penyejukan sangat berbeza dan penyelidikan tentang bagaimana pengaruh DST terhadap penggunaan tenaga adalah terhad atau bertentangan. <> Apa yang pernah menjadi cabutan utama pada elektrik? || lampu pijar <> Industri apa yang perlu dilakukan dengan manfaat membeli-belah dari DST? || peruncitan <> Selain acara hiburan yang berlaku selepas waktu bekerja, profesion apa yang mungkin menderita kerana DST? || pertanian <> Penyelidikan di DST tidak pasti kerana kita tidak pasti bagaimana ia mempengaruhi penggunaan apa? || tenaga", {"qas": [{"question": "What used to be the main draw on electricity?", "id": "56e702456fe0821900b8ec88", "answers": [{"text": "incandescent lighting", "answer_start": 348}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What industry having to do with shopping benefits from DST?", "id": "56e702456fe0821900b8ec89", "answers": [{"text": "retailing", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to entertainment events that take place after working hours, what profession might suffer because of DST?", "id": "56e702456fe0821900b8ec8a", "answers": [{"text": "farming", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Research on DST is uncertain because we aren't sure how it affects the use of what?", "id": "56e702456fe0821900b8ec8b", "answers": [{"text": "energy", "answer_start": 510}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The practice has received both advocacy and criticism. Putting clocks forward benefits retailing, sports, and other activities that exploit sunlight after working hours, but can cause problems for evening entertainment and for other activities tied to sunlight, such as farming. Although some early proponents of DST aimed to reduce evening use of incandescent lighting, which used to be a primary use of electricity, modern heating and cooling usage patterns differ greatly and research about how DST affects energy use is limited or contradictory."}], ["Manipulasi masa di latitud yang lebih tinggi (contohnya Iceland, Nunavut atau Alaska) mempunyai sedikit kesan pada kehidupan seharian, kerana panjang siang dan malam berubah lebih terperinci sepanjang musim (berbanding dengan latitud lain), dan dengan demikian matahari terbit dan matahari terbenam sangat tidak selaras dengan waktu kerja standard tanpa mengira manipulasi jam. DST juga tidak banyak digunakan untuk lokasi berhampiran khatulistiwa, kerana wilayah ini hanya melihat variasi kecil di siang hari sepanjang tahun. <> Lintang apa yang melihat lebih banyak perubahan ekstrem dalam tempoh hari dan malam mereka sepanjang tahun? || lintang yang lebih tinggi <> Apa rantau bumi melihat sedikit perubahan pada siang hari dari musim ke musim? || berhampiran khatulistiwa <> Berapakah kesannya pada siang hari dan malam di kawasan seperti Iceland atau Alaska? || sedikit <> Akan mematuhi Waktu Penjimatan Suhu mempunyai kesan kecil atau besar pada bagaimana cahaya itu semasa hari kerja di kawasan di latitud tinggi? || kecil <> Berbanding dengan kawasan dengan garis lintang yang lebih rendah, jenis perubahan apakah kawasan dengan latitud tinggi melihat dalam jangka panjang sepanjang musim? || melampau", {"qas": [{"question": "What latitudes see more extreme changes in the length of their days and nights throughout the year?", "id": "56e722d937bdd419002c3d8b", "answers": [{"text": "higher latitudes", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What region of the earth sees little change in daylight from season to season?", "id": "56e722d937bdd419002c3d8c", "answers": [{"text": "near the equator", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much impact does the times of daylight and night have on areas like Iceland or Alaska?", "id": "56e722d937bdd419002c3d8d", "answers": [{"text": "little", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Would observing Daylight Saving Time have a small or large effect on how light it is during the workday in areas at high latitudes?", "id": "56e722d937bdd419002c3d8e", "answers": [{"text": "small", "answer_start": 462}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As compared to areas with lower latitudes, what kind of change do areas with high latitudes see in the length of day through the seasons?", "id": "56e722d937bdd419002c3d8f", "answers": [{"text": "extreme", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The manipulation of time at higher latitudes (for example Iceland, Nunavut or Alaska) has little impact on daily life, because the length of day and night changes more extremely throughout the seasons (in comparison to other latitudes), and thus sunrise and sunset times are significantly out of sync with standard working hours regardless of manipulations of the clock. DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year."}], ["Masyarakat perindustrian umumnya mengikut jadual berdasarkan jam untuk aktiviti harian yang tidak berubah sepanjang tahun ini. Masa hari bahawa individu memulakan dan menamatkan kerja atau sekolah, dan penyelarasan transit massa, misalnya, biasanya tetap sepanjang tahun. Sebaliknya, rutin harian masyarakat agrarian untuk kerja dan perilaku peribadi lebih mungkin dikawal oleh panjang jam siang dan waktu matahari, yang berubah secara bermusim kerana kecondongan paksi bumi. Utara dan selatan tropika siang berlangsung lebih lama pada musim panas dan lebih pendek pada musim sejuk, kesannya menjadi lebih besar apabila bergerak dari kawasan tropika. <> Jenis masyarakat biasanya mengikut jadual harian biasa sepanjang tahun? || Perindustrian <> Apakah jenis masyarakat bergantung pada masa suria dan siang hari yang berubah dengan musim? || agraris <> Di bahagian dunia apa yang lebih pendek di musim sejuk dan lebih lama pada musim panas? || Utara dan selatan kawasan tropika <> Apakah kejatuhan Bumi yang menyebabkan masa solar berubah? || kecondongan aksial", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of societies usually follow a regular daily schedule year-round?", "id": "56e70ca06fe0821900b8ecac", "answers": [{"text": "Industrialized", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of societies rely on solar time and daylight that changes with the seasons?", "id": "56e70ca06fe0821900b8ecad", "answers": [{"text": "agrarian", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what part of the world is daytime shorter in winter and longer in summer?", "id": "56e70ca06fe0821900b8ecae", "answers": [{"text": "North and south of the tropics", "answer_start": 505}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the tilt of the Earth that causes solar time to change called?", "id": "56e70ca06fe0821900b8ecb0", "answers": [{"text": "axial tilt", "answer_start": 493}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, and the coordination of mass transit, for example, usually remain constant year-round. In contrast, an agrarian society's daily routines for work and personal conduct are more likely governed by the length of daylight hours and by solar time, which change seasonally because of the Earth's axial tilt. North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics."}], ["Walaupun mereka tidak menetapkan jadual mereka pada jam dalam pengertian moden, tamadun purba menyesuaikan jadual harian ke matahari lebih fleksibel daripada DST moden, sering membahagikan siang kepada dua belas jam tanpa mengira panjang hari, sehingga setiap jam siang lebih lama pada musim panas . Sebagai contoh, jam air Rom mempunyai skala yang berlainan untuk bulan-bulan yang berlainan tahun ini: di latitud Roma jam ketiga dari matahari terbit, hora tertia, bermula dengan piawaian moden pada 09:02 waktu matahari dan berlangsung selama 44 minit di solstis musim sejuk, tetapi di solstis musim panas bermula pada pukul 06:58 dan berlangsung selama 75 minit. Selepas zaman purba, jam sivil yang sama panjang akhirnya digantikan tidak sama, jadi masa sivil tidak lagi berubah mengikut musim. Jam yang tidak sama rata masih digunakan dalam beberapa tetapan tradisional, seperti beberapa biara Gunung Athos dan semua upacara Yahudi. <> Jam apa jenis jam yang digunakan oleh orang Rom? || jam air <> Apa yang dikatakan orang Rom jam sejam sebelum matahari terbit? || hora tertia <> Semasa solstis musim panas, berapa jam berapa hora tertia yang terakhir untuk orang Rom? || 75 <> Apa jenis upacara keagamaan yang diamati mengikut tetapan masa tradisional yang tidak sama? || Yahudi", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of clocks did the Romans use?", "id": "56e7246337bdd419002c3d9f", "answers": [{"text": "water clocks", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Romans call the third hour before sunrise?", "id": "56e7246337bdd419002c3da0", "answers": [{"text": "hora tertia", "answer_start": 426}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the summer solstice, for how many minutes did hora tertia last for the Romans?", "id": "56e7246337bdd419002c3da2", "answers": [{"text": "75", "answer_start": 591}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of religious ceremonies are still observed according to the traditional, unequal time settings?", "id": "56e7246337bdd419002c3da3", "answers": [{"text": "Jewish", "answer_start": 827}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although they did not fix their schedules to the clock in the modern sense, ancient civilizations adjusted daily schedules to the sun more flexibly than modern DST does, often dividing daylight into twelve hours regardless of day length, so that each daylight hour was longer during summer. For example, Roman water clocks had different scales for different months of the year: at Rome's latitude the third hour from sunrise, hora tertia, started by modern standards at 09:02 solar time and lasted 44 minutes at the winter solstice, but at the summer solstice it started at 06:58 and lasted 75 minutes. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season. Unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some Mount Athos monasteries and all Jewish ceremonies."}], ["Pada masa itu sebagai utusan Amerika ke Perancis, Benjamin Franklin, penerbit pepatah bahasa Inggeris lama, \"Awal tidur, dan awal untuk bangkit, membuat seorang lelaki sihat, kaya dan bijak\", secara anonim menerbitkan surat yang menunjukkan bahawa orang Paris menghemat lilin dengan meningkat lebih awal untuk menggunakan cahaya matahari pagi. Ini siri 1784 yang dicadangkan menutup pintu, menyusun lilin, dan membangkitkan orang ramai dengan menelefon loceng gereja dan menembak meriam pada matahari terbit. Walaupun terdapat salah tanggapan yang biasa, Franklin sebenarnya tidak mencadangkan DST; Eropah abad ke-18 bahkan tidak menyimpan jadual yang tepat. Walau bagaimanapun, ini tidak lama lagi berubah sebagai rangkaian rel dan komunikasi datang untuk memerlukan penyeragaman masa yang tidak diketahui dalam hari Franklin. <> Siapa yang pertama menerbitkan pepatah tentang bangun awal dan tidur awal untuk menjadi \"sihat, kaya, dan bijak\"? || Benjamin Franklin <> Kumpulan mana yang dikatakan Franklin akan menyimpan lilin dengan bangun awal? || Parisians <> Pada tahun apakah Ben Franklin menulis satira yang menyarankan menembak meriam pada matahari terbit untuk bangun orang? || 1784 <> Apakah jenis rangkaian pengangkutan membantu mendorong jadual yang lebih tepat? || rail <> Sebagai tambahan kepada tembakan meriam, apa yang Franklin menyarankan untuk bertindak sebagai jam penggera Paris? || loceng gereja berdering", {"qas": [{"question": "Who first published the proverb about waking up early and going to bed early to be \"healthy, wealthy, and wise\"?", "id": "56e726f600c9c71400d76ebb", "answers": [{"text": "Benjamin Franklin", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which group of people did Franklin say would save candles by waking up earlier?", "id": "56e726f600c9c71400d76ebc", "answers": [{"text": "Parisians", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Ben Franklin write a satire suggesting firing cannons at sunrise to wake people up?", "id": "56e726f600c9c71400d76ebd", "answers": [{"text": "1784", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of transportation network helped encourage keeping more exact schedules?", "id": "56e726f600c9c71400d76ebe", "answers": [{"text": "rail", "answer_start": 595}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to cannon fire, what did Franklin suggest to act as Parisians' alarm clock?", "id": "56e726f600c9c71400d76ebf", "answers": [{"text": "ringing church bells", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During his time as an American envoy to France, Benjamin Franklin, publisher of the old English proverb, \"Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise\", anonymously published a letter suggesting that Parisians economize on candles by rising earlier to use morning sunlight. This 1784 satire proposed taxing shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells and firing cannons at sunrise. Despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST; 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this soon changed as rail and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklin's day."}], ["Sejak itu, dunia telah melihat banyak enakmen, penyesuaian dan pengulangan. Untuk butiran khusus, gambaran keseluruhan boleh didapati di waktu menjimatkan siang mengikut negara. <> Adakah dunia melihat banyak atau sedikit perubahan dalam pemerhatian DST? || ramai <> Negara mungkin menukar dasar DST mereka dengan enakmen, penyesuaian, dan jenis perubahan dasar yang lain? || pengulangan", {"qas": [{"question": "Has the world seen many or few changes in the observation of DST?", "id": "56e72d4400c9c71400d76ee1", "answers": [{"text": "many", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Countries might change their DST policy by enactments, adjustments, and what other type of policy changes?", "id": "56e72d4400c9c71400d76ee2", "answers": [{"text": "repeals", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Since then, the world has seen many enactments, adjustments, and repeals. For specific details, an overview is available at Daylight saving time by country."}], ["Peralihan jam biasanya dijadualkan pada hujung minggu hujung minggu untuk mengurangkan gangguan pada jadual hari kerja. Peralihan satu jam adalah adat, tetapi Pulau Lord Howe di Australia menggunakan pergeseran setengah jam. Peralihan dua puluh minit dan dua jam telah digunakan pada masa lalu. <> Semasa bahagian apa minggu ini perubahan masa paling kerap dijadwalkan? || hujung minggu <> Apa yang kita hindari mengganggu dengan melakukan pergeseran waktu selama hari kebanyakan orang tidak berfungsi? || jadual hari kerja", {"qas": [{"question": "During what part of the week is the time change most often scheduled?", "id": "56e7305b37bdd419002c3de5", "answers": [{"text": "weekend", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do we avoid disrupting by doing the time shift during days most people don't work?", "id": "56e7305b37bdd419002c3de7", "answers": [{"text": "weekday schedules", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Clock shifts are usually scheduled near a weekend midnight to lessen disruption to weekday schedules. A one-hour shift is customary, but Australia's Lord Howe Island uses a half-hour shift. Twenty-minute and two-hour shifts have been used in the past."}], ["Bermula pada 30 April 1916, Jerman dan sekutunya Perang Dunia I Austria-Hungary adalah yang pertama menggunakan DST (Jerman: Sommerzeit) sebagai cara untuk memulih arang batu semasa perang. Britain, kebanyakan sekutunya, dan banyak neutral Eropah tidak lama lagi mengikutinya. Rusia dan beberapa negara lain menunggu sehingga tahun depan dan Amerika Syarikat menerimanya pada tahun 1918. <Tahun> apakah Jerman memutuskan untuk mencuba DST? || 1916 <> Apa perkataan Jerman untuk Waktu Penjimatan Siang? || Sommerzeit <> Apa sumber semulajadi Jerman dan Austria-Hungary cuba memelihara dengan menggunakan DST? || arang batu <> Berapa tahunkah Amerika Syarikat masuk dengan DST? || 1918", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did Germany decide to try DST?", "id": "56e7299137bdd419002c3ddb", "answers": [{"text": "1916", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the German word for Daylight Saving Time?", "id": "56e7299137bdd419002c3ddc", "answers": [{"text": "Sommerzeit", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What natural resource were Germany and Austria-Hungary trying to conserve by using DST?", "id": "56e7299137bdd419002c3ddd", "answers": [{"text": "coal", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the United States get on board with DST?", "id": "56e7299137bdd419002c3dde", "answers": [{"text": "1918", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Starting on 30 April 1916, Germany and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST (German: Sommerzeit) as a way to conserve coal during wartime. Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the next year and the United States adopted it in 1918."}], ["DST umumnya tidak diperhatikan berhampiran khatulistiwa, di mana masa matahari terbit tidak cukup berbeza untuk membenarkannya. Sesetengah negara melihatnya hanya di beberapa kawasan; Sebagai contoh, selatan Brazil memerhatikannya semasa Brazil khatulistiwa tidak. Hanya minoriti penduduk dunia menggunakan DST kerana Asia dan Afrika umumnya tidak mematuhinya. <> Bahagian manakah Brazil yang memerhatikan Waktu Penjimatan Suhu? || selatan Brazil <> Apa bahagian Brazil tidak mematuhi DST? || Brazil khatulistiwa <> Yang dua benua yang terdiri daripada majoriti penduduk di seluruh dunia tidak mematuhi DST? || Asia dan Afrika <> Kekurangan turun naik dalam masa untuk apa acara harian bermakna kawasan di dunia berhampiran khatulistiwa tidak biasanya menyimpan DST? || matahari terbit", {"qas": [{"question": "Which part of Brazil observes Daylight Saving Time?", "id": "56e7415337bdd419002c3e03", "answers": [{"text": "southern Brazil", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of Brazil does not observe DST?", "id": "56e7415337bdd419002c3e04", "answers": [{"text": "equatorial Brazil", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two continents that comprise a majority of the population worldwide don't observe DST?", "id": "56e7415337bdd419002c3e05", "answers": [{"text": "Asia and Africa", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The lack of fluctuation in time for what daily event means regions of the world near the equator don't usually keep DST?", "id": "56e7415337bdd419002c3e06", "answers": [{"text": "sunrise", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "DST is generally not observed near the equator, where sunrise times do not vary enough to justify it. Some countries observe it only in some regions; for example, southern Brazil observes it while equatorial Brazil does not. Only a minority of the world's population uses DST because Asia and Africa generally do not observe it."}], ["Tarikh permulaan dan akhir adalah kira-kira sebaliknya di hemisfera selatan. Sebagai contoh, tanah besar Chile mengamati DST dari Sabtu kedua pada bulan Oktober hingga Sabtu kedua pada Mac, dengan peralihan pada jam 24:00 waktu tempatan. Oleh itu, perbezaan masa di antara United Kingdom dan tanah besar Chile mungkin lima jam semasa musim panas Utara, tiga jam pada musim panas Selatan dan empat jam beberapa minggu setiap tahun kerana tidak sepadan dengan perubahan tarikh. <> Di hemisfera selatan, apakah aspek DST mengenai pembalikan hemisfera utara? || Tarikh permulaan dan berakhir <> Pada masa tempatan apakah Chile mengubah jam mereka untuk DST? || 24:00 <> Hari minggu apa DST bermula dan berakhir di Chile? || Sabtu <> Di musim panas hemisfera utara, apakah perbezaan masa antara UK dan Chile? || lima jam <> Semasa apa musim di hemisfera selatan ada perbezaan masa tiga jam antara tanah besar Chile dan United Kingdom? || musim panas", {"qas": [{"question": "In the southern hemisphere, what aspect of DST is about the reverse of that of the northern hemisphere?", "id": "56e73fb737bdd419002c3df9", "answers": [{"text": "Beginning and ending dates", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what local time does Chile change their clocks for DST?", "id": "56e73fb737bdd419002c3dfa", "answers": [{"text": "24:00", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What day of the week does DST begin and end in Chile?", "id": "56e73fb737bdd419002c3dfb", "answers": [{"text": "Saturday", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the Northern hemisphere's summer, what is the time difference between the UK and Chile?", "id": "56e73fb737bdd419002c3dfc", "answers": [{"text": "five hours", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what season in the Southern hemisphere is there a three-hour time difference between mainland Chile and the United Kingdom?", "id": "56e73fb737bdd419002c3dfd", "answers": [{"text": "summer", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beginning and ending dates are roughly the reverse in the southern hemisphere. For example, mainland Chile observed DST from the second Saturday in October to the second Saturday in March, with transitions at 24:00 local time. The time difference between the United Kingdom and mainland Chile could therefore be five hours during the Northern summer, three hours during the Southern summer and four hours a few weeks per year because of mismatch of changing dates."}], ["Dalam kes Amerika Syarikat di mana peralihan satu jam berlaku pada 02:00 waktu tempatan, pada musim bunga jam melompat ke hadapan dari momen terakhir 01:59 waktu standard hingga 03:00 DST dan hari itu mempunyai 23 jam, sedangkan pada musim luruh jam melompat ke belakang dari momen terakhir 01:59 DST hingga 01:00 waktu standard, mengulangi jam itu, dan hari itu mempunyai 25 jam. Paparan digital masa tempatan tidak membaca pukul 02:00 tepat pada waktu peralihan hingga masa musim panas, melainkan melompat dari 01:59:59 59.9 ke depan untuk 03: 00: 00.0. <> Pada masa tempatan apakah Amerika Syarikat mengubah masa? || 02:00 <> Secara teknis, berapa jam berapa perubahan masa berlaku pada musim bunga? || 23 <> Pada musim gugur, DST bererti satu jam diulang, yang bermaksud hari itu berapa jam berapa lama? || 25 <> Pada masa perubahan kepada DST, apakah jam digital yang dibaca selepas 01:59:59 59.9? || 03: 00: 00.0 <> Waktu Penjimatan siang kadang-kadang dipanggil masa musim panas, tetapi jam sebenarnya dipindahkan ke depan di mana musim? || musim bunga", {"qas": [{"question": "At what local time does the United States change the time?", "id": "56e72ec800c9c71400d76ee7", "answers": [{"text": "02:00", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Technically, how many hours does the day the time change happens have in the spring?", "id": "56e72ec800c9c71400d76ee8", "answers": [{"text": "23", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the fall, DST means one hour is repeated, which means the day is actually how many hours long?", "id": "56e72ec800c9c71400d76ee9", "answers": [{"text": "25", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At the time change to DST, what will a digital clock read just after 01:59:59.9?", "id": "56e72ec800c9c71400d76eea", "answers": [{"text": "03:00:00.0", "answer_start": 485}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Daylight Saving Time is sometimes called summer time, but the clocks are actually moved forward in which season?", "id": "56e72ec800c9c71400d76eeb", "answers": [{"text": "spring", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the case of the United States where a one-hour shift occurs at 02:00 local time, in spring the clock jumps forward from the last moment of 01:59 standard time to 03:00 DST and that day has 23 hours, whereas in autumn the clock jumps backward from the last moment of 01:59 DST to 01:00 standard time, repeating that hour, and that day has 25 hours. A digital display of local time does not read 02:00 exactly at the shift to summer time, but instead jumps from 01:59:59.9 forward to 03:00:00.0."}], ["Secara umumnya, Daylight Saving Time telah ditinggalkan pada tahun-tahun selepas perang (dengan beberapa pengecualian penting termasuk Kanada, Inggeris, Perancis, dan Ireland). Walau bagaimanapun, ia dibawa kembali untuk tempoh masa di banyak tempat yang berlainan dalam dekad berikut, dan biasanya semasa Perang Dunia Kedua. Ia diterima pakai secara meluas, terutamanya di Amerika Utara dan Eropah bermula pada 1970-an akibat krisis tenaga pada tahun 1970-an. <> Apakah peristiwa di tahun 1970an yang menyebabkan lebih banyak kawasan di Amerika Utara menggunakan DST? || krisis tenaga <> Negara apa yang menyertai Kanada, UK, dan Ireland dalam terus memerhati Waktu Penjimatan Sudah selepas perang? || Ireland <> Daylight Saving Time digunakan biasa semasa peperangan apa? || Perang Dunia Kedua <> Bersama dengan Amerika Utara, apa benua terjejas oleh krisis tenaga pada tahun 1970? || Eropah", {"qas": [{"question": "What event in the 1970s led more regions of North America to use DST?", "id": "56e72ba200c9c71400d76ed9", "answers": [{"text": "energy crisis", "answer_start": 430}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country joined Canada, the UK, and Ireland in continuing to observe Daylight Saving Time after the war?", "id": "56e72ba200c9c71400d76eda", "answers": [{"text": "Ireland", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Daylight Saving Time was used commonly during what war?", "id": "56e72ba200c9c71400d76edb", "answers": [{"text": "Second World War", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with North America, what continent was affected heavily by the 1970s energy crisis?", "id": "56e72ba200c9c71400d76edc", "answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Broadly speaking, Daylight Saving Time was abandoned in the years after the war (with some notable exceptions including Canada, the UK, France, and Ireland for example). However, it was brought back for periods of time in many different places during the following decades, and commonly during the Second World War. It became widely adopted, particularly in North America and Europe starting in the 1970s as a result of the 1970s energy crisis."}], ["Strategi koordinasi berbeza apabila zon masa bersebelahan menggeser jam. Kesatuan Eropah beralih semua sekali gus, pada 01:00 UTC atau 02:00 CET atau 03:00 EET; sebagai contoh, Waktu Eropah Timur sentiasa satu jam menjelang Masa Eropah Tengah. Kebanyakan Amerika Utara beralih pada jam 02:00 waktu tempatan, jadi zonnya tidak beralih pada masa yang sama; contohnya, Waktu Gunung adalah sementara (selama satu jam) sifar jam menjelang Masa Pasifik, bukan satu jam ke depan, pada musim gugur dan dua jam, bukannya satu, menjelang Masa Pasifik di musim semi. Pada masa lalu, daerah-daerah di Australia terus maju dan tidak selalu bersetuju pada tarikh permulaan dan akhir; Sebagai contoh, pada tahun 2008 kebanyakan kawasan pemerhatian DST beralih jam ke depan pada 5 Oktober tetapi Australia Barat beralih pada 26 Oktober. Dalam beberapa kes hanya sebahagian daripada peralihan negara; contohnya, di Amerika Syarikat, Hawaii dan kebanyakan Arizona tidak mematuhi DST. <> Yang zon waktu di Eropah sentiasa mempunyai pendahuluan satu jam pada Masa Eropah Tengah? || Waktu Eropah Timur <> Selama satu jam setiap musim semi, sejauh mana Masa Pasifik adalah Waktu Gunung di Amerika Syarikat? || dua jam <> Pada tahun 2008, berapa bulan dan hari apakah Australia Barat mengubah jam mereka? || 26 Oktober <> Pada DST pada musim gugur, berapa lama ia tetap pada waktu yang sama di waktu Pasifik dan Gunung di Amerika Syarikat? || satu jam <> Selain banyak negeri Arizona, apa keadaan A.S. tidak pernah mengubah jam mereka untuk DST? || Hawaii", {"qas": [{"question": "Which time zone in Europe always has a one-hour lead on Central European Time?", "id": "56e7334700c9c71400d76ef1", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern European Time", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For one hour each spring, how far ahead of Pacific Time is Mountain Time in the United States?", "id": "56e7334700c9c71400d76ef2", "answers": [{"text": "two hours", "answer_start": 465}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2008, what month and day did Western Australia change their clocks?", "id": "56e7334700c9c71400d76ef3", "answers": [{"text": "October 26", "answer_start": 745}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At DST in the fall, how long does it stay the same time in both Pacific and Mountain time in the United States?", "id": "56e7334700c9c71400d76ef4", "answers": [{"text": "one hour", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to much of the state of Arizona, what U.S. state does not ever change their clocks for DST?", "id": "56e7334700c9c71400d76ef5", "answers": [{"text": "Hawaii", "answer_start": 826}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Coordination strategies differ when adjacent time zones shift clocks. The European Union shifts all at once, at 01:00 UTC or 02:00 CET or 03:00 EET; for example, Eastern European Time is always one hour ahead of Central European Time. Most of North America shifts at 02:00 local time, so its zones do not shift at the same time; for example, Mountain Time is temporarily (for one hour) zero hours ahead of Pacific Time, instead of one hour ahead, in the autumn and two hours, instead of one, ahead of Pacific Time in the spring. In the past, Australian districts went even further and did not always agree on start and end dates; for example, in 2008 most DST-observing areas shifted clocks forward on October 5 but Western Australia shifted on October 26. In some cases only part of a country shifts; for example, in the US, Hawaii and most of Arizona do not observe DST."}], ["Tarikh mula dan tamat berbeza mengikut lokasi dan tahun. Sejak 1996 Musim Panas Eropah telah diperhatikan sejak Ahad lalu pada Mac hingga Ahad terakhir pada bulan Oktober; sebelum ini peraturannya tidak seragam di seluruh Kesatuan Eropah. Bermula pada 2007, kebanyakan Amerika Syarikat dan Kanada mematuhi DST dari Ahad kedua pada Mac hingga Ahad pertama pada bulan November, hampir dua pertiga tahun ini. Perubahan AS 2007 adalah sebahagian daripada Akta Dasar Tenaga 2005; sebelum ini, dari tahun 1987 hingga 2006, tarikh mula dan akhir adalah hari Ahad pertama pada bulan April dan Ahad yang terakhir pada bulan Oktober, dan Kongres mempertahankan hak untuk kembali ke tarikh sebelumnya sekarang bahawa kajian penggunaan tenaga telah dilakukan. Penyokong untuk mengekalkan secara kekal bulan November sebagai bulan untuk menamatkan titik DST ke Halloween sebagai alasan untuk menangguhkan perubahan untuk membolehkan siang hari tambahan untuk malam 31 Oktober. <> Tahun apa apakah Kesatuan Eropah menyeragamkan Masa Musim Panas mereka? || 1996 <> Musim Panas Eropah bermula pada bulan Mac dan berakhir pada bulan apa? || Oktober <> Apa yang berlaku di A.S. membawa perubahan 2007 dalam dasar DST? || Akta Dasar Tenaga 2005 <> Apakah badan kerajaan dibenarkan mengubah dasar DST di Amerika Syarikat kembali ke tarikh yang diperhatikan dari tahun 1987 hingga 2006? || Kongres <> Penyokong akhir November untuk nama DST apa cuti A.S. sebagai alasan untuk menjaga perubahan itu menjelang akhir Oktober? || Halloween", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did the European Union standardize their Summer Time?", "id": "56e73e1137bdd419002c3def", "answers": [{"text": "1996", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "European Summer Time begins in March and ends in what month?", "id": "56e73e1137bdd419002c3df0", "answers": [{"text": "October", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What act in the U.S. brought about the 2007 change in DST policy?", "id": "56e73e1137bdd419002c3df1", "answers": [{"text": "the Energy Policy Act of 2005", "answer_start": 419}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What government body is allowed to change the DST policy in the United States back to the dates observed from 1987 to 2006?", "id": "56e73e1137bdd419002c3df2", "answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 577}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Supporters of the November end to DST name what U.S. holiday as the justification for keeping the change through the end of October?", "id": "56e73e1137bdd419002c3df3", "answers": [{"text": "Halloween", "answer_start": 772}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Start and end dates vary with location and year. Since 1996 European Summer Time has been observed from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October; previously the rules were not uniform across the European Union. Starting in 2007, most of the United States and Canada observe DST from the second Sunday in March to the first Sunday in November, almost two-thirds of the year. The 2007 US change was part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005; previously, from 1987 through 2006, the start and end dates were the first Sunday in April and the last Sunday in October, and Congress retains the right to go back to the previous dates now that an energy-consumption study has been done. Proponents for permanently retaining November as the month for ending DST point to Halloween as a reason to delay the change in order to allow extra daylight for the evening of October 31."}], ["DST moden dicadangkan oleh ahli entomologi New Zealand George Hudson, yang kerja peralihan memberikan masa lapang untuk mengumpul serangga, dan membawanya untuk menghargai cahaya siang hari. Pada tahun 1895, beliau membentangkan kertas kerja kepada Persatuan Falsafah Wellington yang mencadangkan peralihan penjimatan siang hari selama dua jam, dan selepas minat yang besar diungkapkan di Christchurch, beliau menyusul pada kertas 1898. Banyak penerbitan memberi cadangan cadangan DST kepada pembina dan pengembara Inggeris terkenal William Willett, yang secara bebas mengamalkan DST pada tahun 1905 semasa perjalanan sebelum sarapan pagi, apabila dia melihat dengan kecewa berapa ramai orang London tidur sepanjang sebahagian besar hari musim panas. Seorang pemain golf yang gemar, dia juga tidak suka memotong pusingannya pada waktu senja. Penyelesaiannya adalah untuk memajukan jam semasa musim panas, cadangan yang diterbitkannya dua tahun kemudian. Cadangan itu telah diambil oleh Anggota Parlimen Liberal (MP) Robert Pearce, yang memperkenalkan Rang Undang-Undang Penjimatan Daylight pertama kepada Dewan Rakyat pada 12 Februari 1908. Satu jawatankuasa terpilih ditubuhkan untuk memeriksa isu itu, tetapi rang undang-undang Pearce tidak menjadi undang-undang, dan beberapa bil lain gagal pada tahun-tahun berikutnya. Willett melobi untuk cadangan itu di UK sehingga kematiannya pada tahun 1915. <> Apa jenis ahli sains George Hudson? || ahli entomologi <> Apa yang George Hudson menghabiskan masa mengumpul ketika dia tidak bekerja? || Serangga <> Tahun berapa Hudson mula mempersembahkan teori penjimatan siang-malamnya kepada Persatuan Filosofi Wellington? || 1895 <> Sesetengah orang percaya ia bukan Hudson yang mencipta DST, tetapi seorang Inggeris dengan namanya? || William Willett <> Siapa ahli Parlimen yang membawa rang undang-undang mengenai Waktu Penjimatan Sukarela ke Dewan Rakyat pada tahun 1908? || Robert Pearce", {"qas": [{"question": "What particular kind of scientist was George Hudson?", "id": "56e7287e37bdd419002c3dd1", "answers": [{"text": "entomologist", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did George Hudson spend time collecting when he wasn't working?", "id": "56e7287e37bdd419002c3dd2", "answers": [{"text": "insects", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Hudson first present his two-hour daylight saving theory to the Wellington Philosophical Society?", "id": "56e7287e37bdd419002c3dd3", "answers": [{"text": "1895", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some people believe it wasn't Hudson who created DST, but an Englishman by what name?", "id": "56e7287e37bdd419002c3dd4", "answers": [{"text": "William Willett", "answer_start": 481}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the member of Parliament who brought a bill about Daylight Saving Time to the House of Commons in 1908?", "id": "56e7287e37bdd419002c3dd5", "answers": [{"text": "Robert Pearce", "answer_start": 899}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift-work job gave him leisure time to collect insects, and led him to value after-hours daylight. In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society proposing a two-hour daylight-saving shift, and after considerable interest was expressed in Christchurch, he followed up in an 1898 paper. Many publications credit DST's proposal to the prominent English builder and outdoorsman William Willett, who independently conceived DST in 1905 during a pre-breakfast ride, when he observed with dismay how many Londoners slept through a large part of a summer's day. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk. His solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) Robert Pearce, who introduced the first Daylight Saving Bill to the House of Commons on 12 February 1908. A select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearce's bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915."}], ["Di United Kingdom, Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents menyokong cadangan untuk memerhatikan jam tambahan SDST sepanjang tahun, tetapi menentang beberapa industri, seperti pekerja pos dan petani, dan terutamanya oleh mereka yang tinggal di kawasan utara UK. <> Apakah nama organisasi yang menyokong menambah jam tambahan pada jam mereka sepanjang tahun? || Persatuan Kerajaan untuk Pencegahan Kemalangan <> Bergabung dengan petani, apa jenis pekerja yang menentang SDST? || pekerja pos <> Apakah rantau United Kingdom pada umumnya terhadap SDST? || kawasan utara", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the organization that supported adding an additional hour to their clocks all year?", "id": "56e7516237bdd419002c3e63", "answers": [{"text": "the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Joining farmers, what other kind of workers opposed SDST?", "id": "56e7516237bdd419002c3e64", "answers": [{"text": "postal workers", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What regions of the United Kingdom were generally against SDST?", "id": "56e7516237bdd419002c3e65", "answers": [{"text": "northern regions", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the UK the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents supports a proposal to observe SDST's additional hour year-round, but is opposed in some industries, such as postal workers and farmers, and particularly by those living in the northern regions of the UK."}], ["Pengisytiharan 2011 oleh Rusia bahawa ia tidak akan menghidupkan kembali jam dan tinggal di DST sepanjang tahun kemudiannya diikuti oleh perisytiharan serupa dari Belarus. Rancangan itu menghasilkan keluhan yang meluas kerana kegelapan pagi musim sejuk, dan dengan itu ditinggalkan pada tahun 2014. Negara ini menukar jam kepada Masa Standard pada 26 Oktober 2014 - dan berhasrat untuk kekal di sana selama-lamanya. <> Tahun apakah Rusia memutuskan untuk tidak kembali jamnya? || 2011 <> Apa negara lain daripada Russia mengisytiharkan mereka akan tinggal di DST sepanjang tahun? || Belarus <> Adakah Rusia atau Belarus pertama dalam deklarasi mereka? || Rusia <> Mornings petang musim mana yang menyebabkan orang mengadu mengenai suis dari DST? || musim sejuk <> Tahun berapakah Rusia menyerah pada DST sepanjang tahun dan kembali ke Standard Time? || 2014", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did Russia decide to never turn its clocks back?", "id": "56e7560200c9c71400d76fd0", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country other than Russia declared they'd stay in DST all year?", "id": "56e7560200c9c71400d76fd1", "answers": [{"text": "Belarus", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Was Russia or Belarus first in their declaration?", "id": "56e7560200c9c71400d76fd2", "answers": [{"text": "Russia", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which season's dark mornings led to people complaining about the switch from DST?", "id": "56e7560200c9c71400d76fd3", "answers": [{"text": "winter", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Russia give up on the all-year DST and go back to Standard Time?", "id": "56e7560200c9c71400d76fd4", "answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The 2011 declaration by Russia that it would not turn its clocks back and stay in DST all year long was subsequently followed by a similar declaration from Belarus. The plan generated widespread complaints due to the dark of wintertime morning, and thus was abandoned in 2014. The country changed its clocks to Standard Time on 26 October 2014 - and intends to stay there permanently."}], ["Di sesetengah negara Islam DST ditinggalkan buat sementara waktu pada bulan Ramadan (bulan apabila tidak ada makanan yang perlu dimakan antara matahari terbit dan matahari terbenam), kerana DST akan menangguhkan makan malam pada waktu malam. Ramadan berlaku pada bulan Julai dan Ogos 2012. Kebimbangan ini sekurang-kurangnya melibatkan Maghribi dan Palestin, walaupun Iran mengekalkan DST semasa Ramadan. Kebanyakan negara Islam tidak menggunakan DST, sebahagiannya atas sebab ini. <> Apa yang dipanggil umat Islam pada bulan apabila mereka berpuasa antara sunup dan matahari terbenam? || Ramadan <> Apa yang akan ditangguhkan DST jika diperhatikan semasa bulan suci umat Islam? || makan malam petang <> Apa negara Islam terus memerhatikan DST semasa Ramadan? || Iran <> Bilakah Ramadan pada tahun 2012? || Julai dan Ogos", {"qas": [{"question": "What do Muslims call the month when they fast between sunup and sundown?", "id": "56e753a737bdd419002c3e79", "answers": [{"text": "Ramadan", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What would DST delay if observed during the Muslim holy month?", "id": "56e753a737bdd419002c3e7a", "answers": [{"text": "the evening dinner", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Muslim country continues to observe DST during Ramadan?", "id": "56e753a737bdd419002c3e7b", "answers": [{"text": "Iran", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Ramadan in 2012?", "id": "56e753a737bdd419002c3e7c", "answers": [{"text": "July and August", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In some Muslim countries DST is temporarily abandoned during Ramadan (the month when no food should be eaten between sunrise and sunset), since the DST would delay the evening dinner. Ramadan took place in July and August in 2012. This concerns at least Morocco and Palestine, although Iran keeps DST during Ramadan. Most Muslim countries do not use DST, partially for this reason."}], ["Penyokong DST secara amnya berhujah bahawa ia menjimatkan tenaga, mempromosikan aktiviti luang di luar pada petang (pada musim panas), dan oleh itu baik untuk kesihatan fizikal dan psikologi, mengurangkan kemalangan jalan raya, mengurangkan jenayah, atau baik untuk perniagaan. Kumpulan yang cenderung untuk menyokong DST adalah pekerja bandar, perniagaan runcit, peminat sukan luaran dan perniagaan, pengendali pelancongan, dan lain-lain yang mendapat manfaat dari peningkatan cahaya pada waktu petang pada musim panas. <> Kumpulan mana yang lebih mungkin menyokong DST: pekerja bandar atau petani luar bandar? || pekerja bandar <> Jika orang mempunyai lebih banyak siang pada waktu petang, musim apa yang mungkin akan melihat peningkatan dalam aktiviti luar? || musim panas <> Adakah mereka yang berpihak kepada DST berhujah bahawa ia menyebabkan orang menggunakan lebih banyak tenaga elektrik atau menjimatkan tenaga? || menjimatkan tenaga", {"qas": [{"question": "Which group is more likely to support DST: urban workers or rural farmers?", "id": "56e757c000c9c71400d76fdb", "answers": [{"text": "urban workers", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If people have more daylight in the evenings, what season might see a rise in outdoor activity?", "id": "56e757c000c9c71400d76fdc", "answers": [{"text": "summer", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Would those in favor of DST argue that it causes people to use more electricity or saves energy?", "id": "56e757c000c9c71400d76fdd", "answers": [{"text": "saves energy", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Proponents of DST generally argue that it saves energy, promotes outdoor leisure activity in the evening (in summer), and is therefore good for physical and psychological health, reduces traffic accidents, reduces crime, or is good for business. Groups that tend to support DST are urban workers, retail businesses, outdoor sports enthusiasts and businesses, tourism operators, and others who benefit from increased light during the evening in summer."}], ["Penjimatan siang hari telah menyebabkan kontroversi sejak ia bermula. Winston Churchill berhujah bahawa ia membesarkan \"peluang untuk mengejar kesihatan dan kebahagiaan di kalangan berjuta-juta orang yang tinggal di negara ini\" dan pakar telah menyebutnya \"Daylight Slaving Time\". Secara historis, minat peruncitan, sukan dan pelancongan menggalakkan penjimatan siang hari, manakala kepentingan hiburan dan hiburan petang telah menentangnya, dan penggunaan awalnya telah digerakkan oleh krisis tenaga dan perang. <> Pemimpin apa kata penjimatan siang hari memberi orang lebih \"peluang untuk mengejar kesihatan dan kebahagiaan\"? || Winston Churchill <> Apa nama samaran mempunyai orang yang bertentangan dengan DST yang diberikan? || Daylight Slave Time <> Sebagai tambahan kepada industri hiburan malam, orang-orang dari industri apa yang sering menentang penjimatan siang hari? || Pertanian <> Secara tradisinya, peruncitan, pelancongan, dan industri lain yang mana telah memihak kepada DST? || sukan <> Bersama dengan krisis tenaga, apa peristiwa sejarah yang penting yang membawa kepada negara-negara yang mengamalkan DST? || perang", {"qas": [{"question": "What leader said daylight saving gives people more \"opportunities for the pursuit of health and happiness\"?", "id": "56e7436700c9c71400d76efb", "answers": [{"text": "Winston Churchill", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nickname have people in opposition to DST given it?", "id": "56e7436700c9c71400d76efc", "answers": [{"text": "Daylight Slaving Time", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to the evening entertainment industry, people from what industry often oppose daylight saving?", "id": "56e7436700c9c71400d76efd", "answers": [{"text": "agricultural", "answer_start": 354}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Traditionally, retailing, tourism, and what other industry have been in favor of DST?", "id": "56e7436700c9c71400d76efe", "answers": [{"text": "sports", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with energy crisis, what other significant historical event led to countries adopting DST?", "id": "56e7436700c9c71400d76eff", "answers": [{"text": "war", "answer_start": 484}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Daylight saving has caused controversy since it began. Winston Churchill argued that it enlarges \"the opportunities for the pursuit of health and happiness among the millions of people who live in this country\" and pundits have dubbed it \"Daylight Slaving Time\". Historically, retailing, sports, and tourism interests have favored daylight saving, while agricultural and evening entertainment interests have opposed it, and its initial adoption had been prompted by energy crisis and war."}], ["Selepas Jerman mendahului dengan memulakan DST (Jerman: Sommerzeit) semasa Perang Dunia I pada 30 April 1916 bersama-sama dengan sekutu-sekutunya untuk mengurangkan kesulitan daripada kekurangan arang batu perang dan serangan udara serbuan, persamaan politik berubah di negara lain; United Kingdom menggunakan DST pertama pada 21 Mei 1916. Kepentingan peruncitan dan pembuatan AS yang diketuai oleh perindustrian Pittsburgh Robert Garland tidak lama lagi mula melobi untuk DST, tetapi ditentang oleh keretapi. Kemasukan 1917 Amerika Syarikat terhadap perang menentang bantahan, dan DST ditubuhkan pada tahun 1918. <> Apa industrialis dari Pittsburgh berkempen kuat untuk memihak kepada DST? || Robert Garland <> Tahun berapakah AS pergi ke peperangan, yang membawa kepada penerimaan yang lebih luas tentang penjimatan siang? || 1917 <> Tahun apakah Amerika akhirnya menggunakan Daylight Saving Time? || 1918", {"qas": [{"question": "What industrialist from Pittsburgh campaigned strongly in favor of DST?", "id": "56e7480100c9c71400d76f2f", "answers": [{"text": "Robert Garland", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the U.S. go to war, leading to wider acceptance of daylight savings?", "id": "56e7480100c9c71400d76f30", "answers": [{"text": "1917", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the United States finally adopt Daylight Saving Time?", "id": "56e7480100c9c71400d76f31", "answers": [{"text": "1918", "answer_start": 529}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After Germany led the way with starting DST (German: Sommerzeit) during World War I on 30 April 1916 together with its allies to alleviate hardships from wartime coal shortages and air raid blackouts, the political equation changed in other countries; the United Kingdom used DST first on 21 May 1916. US retailing and manufacturing interests led by Pittsburgh industrialist Robert Garland soon began lobbying for DST, but were opposed by railroads. The US's 1917 entry to the war overcame objections, and DST was established in 1918."}], ["Nasib cadangan Willett 1907 menggambarkan beberapa isu politik yang terlibat. Cadangan tersebut menarik banyak penyokong, termasuk Balfour, Churchill, Lloyd George, MacDonald, Edward VII (yang menggunakan DST setengah jam di Sandringham), pengarah urusan Harrods, dan pengurus Bank Negara. Walau bagaimanapun, pembangkang semakin kuat: ia termasuk Perdana Menteri H. H. Asquith, Christie (Royal Astronomer), George Darwin, Napier Shaw (pengarah Pejabat Meteorologi), banyak organisasi pertanian, dan pemilik teater. Selepas banyak pendengaran cadangan itu dikalahkan secara sempit dalam undi jawatankuasa parlimen pada tahun 1909. Sekutu Willett memperkenalkan bil-bil yang sama setiap tahun dari 1911 hingga 1914, tanpa sia-sia. AS lebih ragu: Andrew Peters memperkenalkan bil DST ke Dewan Perwakilan AS pada bulan Mei 1909, tetapi tidak lama kemudian meninggal dunia dalam jawatankuasa. <> Yang menyokong penyokong politik Willett telah menggunakan versi DST setengah jam di Sandringham? || Edward VII <> Apakah nama pengarah Pejabat Meteorologi yang menentang DST? || Napier Shaw <> Tahun apakah Parlimen pertama mengambil undi dan memutuskan untuk melaksanakan penjimatan siang hari? || 1909 <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab membawa rang undang-undang yang mencadangkan DST ke Dewan Perwakilan A.S.? || Andrew Peters", {"qas": [{"question": "Which political supporter of Willett's proposal had already used the half-hour version of DST at Sandringham?", "id": "56e7462d37bdd419002c3e0b", "answers": [{"text": "Edward VII", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the director of the Meteorological Office who opposed DST?", "id": "56e7462d37bdd419002c3e0c", "answers": [{"text": "Napier Shaw", "answer_start": 430}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Parliament first take a vote and decide against implementing daylight savings?", "id": "56e7462d37bdd419002c3e0d", "answers": [{"text": "1909", "answer_start": 625}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was responsible for bringing a bill proposing DST to the U.S. House of Representatives?", "id": "56e7462d37bdd419002c3e0e", "answers": [{"text": "Andrew Peters", "answer_start": 753}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The fate of Willett's 1907 proposal illustrates several political issues involved. The proposal attracted many supporters, including Balfour, Churchill, Lloyd George, MacDonald, Edward VII (who used half-hour DST at Sandringham), the managing director of Harrods, and the manager of the National Bank. However, the opposition was stronger: it included Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, Christie (the Astronomer Royal), George Darwin, Napier Shaw (director of the Meteorological Office), many agricultural organizations, and theatre owners. After many hearings the proposal was narrowly defeated in a Parliament committee vote in 1909. Willett's allies introduced similar bills every year from 1911 through 1914, to no avail. The US was even more skeptical: Andrew Peters introduced a DST bill to the US House of Representatives in May 1909, but it soon died in committee."}], ["Sejarah waktu di Amerika Syarikat termasuk DST semasa perang dunia, tetapi tidak ada standardisasi masa damai DST hingga tahun 1966. Pada bulan Mei 1965, selama dua minggu, St. Paul, Minnesota dan Minneapolis, Minnesota berada pada masa yang berlainan, ketika ibukota memutuskan untuk menyertai kebanyakan negara dengan memulakan Waktu Penjimatan Senyap sementara Minneapolis memilih untuk mengikut tarikh yang ditetapkan oleh undang-undang negeri. Pada pertengahan 1980-an, Clorox (ibu bapa dari Kingsford Arang) dan 7-Eleven menyediakan pembiayaan utama untuk Koalisi Masa Penjimatan Masa di sebalik lanjutan 1987 ke DST AS, dan kedua-dua senator Idaho mengundi berdasarkan premis yang ketika DST berpuasa - Restoran makanan menjual lebih banyak kentang goreng Perancis, yang diperbuat daripada kentang Idaho. <> Berapa bulan dan tahun adalah dua bandar jiran di Minnesota pada jadual waktu yang berbeza? || Mei 1965 <> Apa negeri yang menyokong DST kerana ingin menjual lebih banyak kentang? || Idaho <> Apa syarikat menyertai Clorox dalam membiayai Gabungan Masa Penjimatan Sisa pada tahun 1980-an? || 7-Eleven <> Tahun berapa adalah lanjutan untuk penjimatan siang hari A.S. yang dicadangkan oleh Gabungan DST? || 1987 <> Tahun berapakah AST melihat standardisasi DST di luar masa perang untuk pertama kalinya? || 1966", {"qas": [{"question": "What month and year were two neighboring cities in Minnesota on different time schedules?", "id": "56e74de737bdd419002c3e47", "answers": [{"text": "May 1965", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What state supported DST because it wanted to sell more potatoes?", "id": "56e74de737bdd419002c3e48", "answers": [{"text": "Idaho", "answer_start": 570}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company joined Clorox in funding the Daylight Saving Time Coalition in the 1980s?", "id": "56e74de737bdd419002c3e49", "answers": [{"text": "7-Eleven", "answer_start": 447}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the extension to U.S. daylight savings proposed by the DST Coalition?", "id": "56e74de737bdd419002c3e4a", "answers": [{"text": "1987", "answer_start": 535}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the U.S. see standardization of DST outside of wartime for the first time?", "id": "56e74de737bdd419002c3e4b", "answers": [{"text": "1966", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The history of time in the United States includes DST during both world wars, but no standardization of peacetime DST until 1966. In May 1965, for two weeks, St. Paul, Minnesota and Minneapolis, Minnesota were on different times, when the capital city decided to join most of the nation by starting Daylight Saving Time while Minneapolis opted to follow the later date set by state law. In the mid-1980s, Clorox (parent of Kingsford Charcoal) and 7-Eleven provided the primary funding for the Daylight Saving Time Coalition behind the 1987 extension to US DST, and both Idaho senators voted for it based on the premise that during DST fast-food restaurants sell more French fries, which are made from Idaho potatoes."}], ["Akhir perang mengayunkan pendulum kembali. Petani terus menyukai DST, dan banyak negara mencabutnya selepas perang. Britain adalah pengecualian: ia mengekalkan DST di seluruh negara tetapi selama bertahun-tahun disesuaikan tarikh peralihan untuk beberapa sebab, termasuk peraturan khas pada tahun 1920-an dan 1930-an untuk mengelakkan perubahan jam pada pagi hari Paskah. Amerika Syarikat lebih tipikal: Kongres memansuhkan DST selepas 1919. Presiden Woodrow Wilson, seperti Willett seorang pemain golf yang gemar, memveto pemansuhan dua kali tetapi veto keduanya ditimpa. Hanya beberapa bandar AS yang mengekalkan DST secara tempatan selepas itu, termasuk New York sehingga pertukaran kewangannya dapat mengekalkan satu jam perdagangan arbitrase dengan London, dan Chicago dan Cleveland untuk mengikuti New York. Pengganti Wilson, Warren G. Harding menentang DST sebagai \"penipuan\". Dengan alasan bahawa orang sepatutnya bangun dan pergi bekerja lebih awal pada musim panas, dia mengarahkan pekerja persekutuan District of Columbia untuk memulakan kerja pada pukul 08:00 bukan 09:00 pada musim panas 1922. Sesetengah perniagaan mengikuti tetapi kebanyakan orang lain tidak melakukannya; eksperimen tidak diulang. <> Negara manakah yang terus memerhatikan DST di seluruh negara walaupun perang berakhir? || Britain <> Apa percutian musim bunga apakah Britain menyesuaikan jadual DSTnya? || Paskah <> Selepas tahun apakah tabungan siang hari dimansuhkan di A.S.? || 1919 <> Apa olahraga yang disenangi Presiden Wilson yang membuatnya tidak mahu menyerah DST? || golf <> Apa bandar A.S. terus mengamati DST untuk terus selaras dengan London, yang memimpin Chicago dan Cleveland untuk mengikutinya? || New York", {"qas": [{"question": "Which country continued to observe DST nationwide despite the fact that the war had ended?", "id": "56e74b9f37bdd419002c3e29", "answers": [{"text": "Britain", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What spring holiday did Britain adjust its DST schedule around?", "id": "56e74b9f37bdd419002c3e2a", "answers": [{"text": "Easter", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After what year was daylight savings repealed in the U.S.?", "id": "56e74b9f37bdd419002c3e2b", "answers": [{"text": "1919", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sport did President Wilson enjoy that made him not want to give up DST?", "id": "56e74b9f37bdd419002c3e2c", "answers": [{"text": "golf", "answer_start": 437}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What U.S. city kept observing DST to stay in sync with London, leading Chicago and Cleveland to follow along?", "id": "56e74b9f37bdd419002c3e2d", "answers": [{"text": "New York", "answer_start": 569}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The war's end swung the pendulum back. Farmers continued to dislike DST, and many countries repealed it after the war. Britain was an exception: it retained DST nationwide but over the years adjusted transition dates for several reasons, including special rules during the 1920s and 1930s to avoid clock shifts on Easter mornings. The US was more typical: Congress repealed DST after 1919. President Woodrow Wilson, like Willett an avid golfer, vetoed the repeal twice but his second veto was overridden. Only a few US cities retained DST locally thereafter, including New York so that its financial exchanges could maintain an hour of arbitrage trading with London, and Chicago and Cleveland to keep pace with New York. Wilson's successor Warren G. Harding opposed DST as a \"deception\". Reasoning that people should instead get up and go to work earlier in the summer, he ordered District of Columbia federal employees to start work at 08:00 rather than 09:00 during summer 1922. Some businesses followed suit though many others did not; the experiment was not repeated."}], ["Pada tahun 1992, selepas perbicaraan pencahayaan selama tiga tahun di Queensland, Australia, satu referendum mengenai penjimatan siang hari telah diadakan dan dikalahkan dengan undian 54.5% 'tidak' - dengan kawasan serantau dan luar bandar yang sangat menentang, sementara yang di selatan metropolitan- timur telah memihak. Pada tahun 2005, Persatuan Pengilang Barangan Sukan dan Persatuan Kebangsaan Kedai-kedai Mudah Alih berjaya melobi untuk pelanjutan 2007 ke DST AS. Pada bulan Disember 2008, Penjimatan Daylight untuk Queensland Tenggara Queensland (DS4SEQ) secara rasmi didaftarkan di Queensland, yang menyokong pelaksanaan pengaturan zon dua hala untuk Penjimatan Daylight di Queensland Tenggara manakala seluruh negara mengekalkan masa standard. DS4SEQ bertanding pada pilihan raya negeri Queensland pada bulan Mac 2009 dengan 32 calon dan menerima satu peratus undi utama di seluruh negeri, bersamaan dengan sekitar 2.5% di seluruh 32 pemilih yang dipertandingkan. Selepas percubaan tiga tahun, lebih daripada 55% rakyat Australia Barat mengundi terhadap DST pada tahun 2009, dengan kawasan luar bandar sangat menentang. Pada 14 April 2010, selepas didekati oleh parti politik DS4SEQ, anggota Bebas Queensland, Peter Wellington, memperkenalkan Penjimatan Daylight untuk Rujukan Referendum Queensland Queensland 2010 ke Parlimen Queensland, memanggil satu referendum yang akan diadakan pada pilihan raya negeri akan datang pada pengenalan penjimatan siang hari ke Queensland Tenggara di bawah aturan zon dwi-masa. Rang Undang-undang itu telah dikalahkan di Parlimen Queensland pada 15 Jun 2011. <> Berapa peratus daripada Queensland mengundi terhadap referendum penjimatan siang pada tahun 1992? || 54.5% <> Apakah nama parti politik Queensland yang ditubuhkan semata-mata untuk menyokong susunan DST mereka? || Penjimatan siang hari untuk Queensland Tenggara <> Di Australia, adalah kawasan luar bandar atau bandar pada umumnya lebih kuat menentang DST? || luar bandar <> Apa ahli Parlimen Queensland bertanggungjawab untuk akhirnya membawa DST untuk referendum South East Queensland untuk undi? || Peter Wellington", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of Queensland voted against the daylight saving referendum in 1992?", "id": "56e74ffe37bdd419002c3e52", "answers": [{"text": "54.5%", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Queensland's political party set up solely to support their particular DST arrangement?", "id": "56e74ffe37bdd419002c3e53", "answers": [{"text": "Daylight Saving for South East Queensland", "answer_start": 446}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Australia, were rural or urban areas generally more strongly opposed to DST?", "id": "56e74ffe37bdd419002c3e54", "answers": [{"text": "rural", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What member of Queensland Parliament was responsible for finally bringing the DST for South East Queensland referendum to a vote?", "id": "56e74ffe37bdd419002c3e55", "answers": [{"text": "Peter Wellington", "answer_start": 1135}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1992, after a three-year trial of daylight saving in Queensland, Australia, a referendum on daylight saving was held and defeated with a 54.5% 'no' vote \u2013 with regional and rural areas strongly opposed, while those in the metropolitan south-east were in favor. In 2005, the Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association and the National Association of Convenience Stores successfully lobbied for the 2007 extension to US DST. In December 2008, the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland (DS4SEQ) political party was officially registered in Queensland, advocating the implementation of a dual-time zone arrangement for Daylight Saving in South East Queensland while the rest of the state maintains standard time. DS4SEQ contested the March 2009 Queensland State election with 32 candidates and received one percent of the statewide primary vote, equating to around 2.5% across the 32 electorates contested. After a three-year trial, more than 55% of Western Australians voted against DST in 2009, with rural areas strongly opposed. On 14 April 2010, after being approached by the DS4SEQ political party, Queensland Independent member Peter Wellington, introduced the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Referendum Bill 2010 into Queensland Parliament, calling for a referendum to be held at the next State election on the introduction of daylight saving into South East Queensland under a dual-time zone arrangement. The Bill was defeated in Queensland Parliament on 15 June 2011."}], ["Beberapa kajian telah menyarankan bahawa DST meningkatkan penggunaan bahan bakar motor. Laporan DOE 2008 tidak menemui peningkatan ketara dalam penggunaan petrol motor berikutan pelanjutan DST 2007 Amerika Syarikat. <> Adakah kajian yang ditunjukkan DST secara amnya meningkatkan atau mengurangkan penggunaan gas dari kereta? || meningkat <> tahun berapa laporan DOE mengenai penggunaan bahan api yang diterbitkan? || 2008 <> Apa yang berlaku mengenai DST pada tahun 2007 di Amerika Syarikat yang mungkin menyebabkan penyelidikan DOE? || lanjutan DST", {"qas": [{"question": "Have studies shown DST generally increases or reduces gas consumption from cars?", "id": "56e7608500c9c71400d7704e", "answers": [{"text": "increases", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the DOE report about fuel consumption published?", "id": "56e7608500c9c71400d7704f", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened regarding DST in 2007 in the United States that probably led to the DOE investigation?", "id": "56e7608500c9c71400d77050", "answers": [{"text": "extension of DST", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Several studies have suggested that DST increases motor fuel consumption. The 2008 DOE report found no significant increase in motor gasoline consumption due to the 2007 United States extension of DST."}], ["Pada 1970-an, Pentadbiran Bantuan Penguatkuasaan Undang-undang AS (LEAA) mendapati pengurangan sebanyak 10% hingga 13% dalam kadar jenayah kekerasan Washington, D.C semasa DST. Walau bagaimanapun, LEAA tidak menyaring faktor-faktor lain, dan ia hanya mengkaji dua bandar dan mendapati pengurangan jenayah hanya dalam satu dan hanya dalam beberapa kategori jenayah; DOT memutuskan ia adalah \"mustahil untuk membuat kesimpulan dengan keyakinan bahawa faedah yang sebanding dapat dijumpai di seluruh negara\". Pencahayaan luar mempunyai pengaruh yang sedikit dan kadang-kadang bertentangan dengan jenayah dan ketakutan jenayah. <> Apa kata LEAA dikurangkan 10% hingga 13% di Washington, DC semasa penjimatan siang? || Kadar jenayah ganas <> Berapa banyak bandar yang membuat kajian LEAA sebelum mencapai kesimpulan mereka? || dua <> Berapa banyak bandar yang dikaji oleh LEAA menunjukkan pengurangan jenayah? || satu <> Dalam apa dekad apa LEAA menjalankan penyiasatan jenayah dan DST? || 1970-an", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the LEAA say was reduced 10% to 13% in Washington, DC during daylight savings?", "id": "56e76d0b00c9c71400d77118", "answers": [{"text": "violent crime rate", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many cities did the LEAA study before reaching their conclusion?", "id": "56e76d0b00c9c71400d77119", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many cities of those the LEAA studied showed any reduction in crime?", "id": "56e76d0b00c9c71400d7711a", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what decade did the LEAA conduct their investigation of crime and DST?", "id": "56e76d0b00c9c71400d7711c", "answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 1970s the US Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) found a reduction of 10% to 13% in Washington, D.C.'s violent crime rate during DST. However, the LEAA did not filter out other factors, and it examined only two cities and found crime reductions only in one and only in some crime categories; the DOT decided it was \"impossible to conclude with any confidence that comparable benefits would be found nationwide\". Outdoor lighting has a marginal and sometimes even contradictory influence on crime and fear of crime."}], ["Sebaliknya, DST boleh menjejaskan petani, ibu bapa anak-anak muda, dan orang lain yang jamnya ditetapkan oleh matahari dan mereka secara tradisional menentang amalan ini, walaupun sesetengah petani adalah neutral. Salah satu sebab mengapa petani menentang DST ialah bijirin yang terbaik dituai selepas embun menyuap, jadi apabila tangan medan tiba dan meninggalkan lebih awal pada musim panas, buruh mereka kurang berharga. Petani tenusu adalah satu lagi kumpulan yang mengadu tentang perubahan itu. Lembu mereka sensitif terhadap masa pemerah susu, jadi penghantaran susu sebelum ini mengganggu sistem mereka. Hari ini, beberapa kumpulan petani memihak kepada DST. <> Adakah lebih baik untuk menuai gandum sebelum atau selepas embun pagi menguap? || selepas <> Apa haiwan di ladang tenusu terjejas oleh masa? || lembu <> Apa yang dilakukan susu sebelum ini kepada lembu? || mengganggu sistem mereka <> Beberapa petani menentang DST kerana buruh ladang mereka tiba untuk bekerja dan pergi kemudian atau lebih awal? || lebih awal <> Selain petani, apa lagi kumpulan orang yang menetapkan jadual mereka dengan matahari? || ibu bapa anak kecil", {"qas": [{"question": "Is it better to harvest grain before or after the morning dew evaporates?", "id": "56e7666737bdd419002c3f3f", "answers": [{"text": "after", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What animal on dairy farms is affected by timing?", "id": "56e7666737bdd419002c3f40", "answers": [{"text": "cows", "answer_start": 439}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does earlier milk delivery do to cows?", "id": "56e7666737bdd419002c3f41", "answers": [{"text": "disrupts their systems", "answer_start": 511}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some farmers oppose DST because their farm laborers arrive to work and leave later or earlier?", "id": "56e7666737bdd419002c3f42", "answers": [{"text": "earlier", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides farmers, what other group of people set their schedules by the sun?", "id": "56e7666737bdd419002c3f43", "answers": [{"text": "parents of young children", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Conversely, DST can adversely affect farmers, parents of young children, and others whose hours are set by the sun and they have traditionally opposed the practice, although some farmers are neutral. One reason why farmers oppose DST is that grain is best harvested after dew evaporates, so when field hands arrive and leave earlier in summer their labor is less valuable. Dairy farmers are another group who complain of the change. Their cows are sensitive to the timing of milking, so delivering milk earlier disrupts their systems. Today some farmers' groups are in favor of DST."}], ["Penentang berpendapat bahawa penjimatan tenaga sebenar tidak dapat disimpulkan, bahawa DST meningkatkan risiko kesihatan seperti serangan jantung, bahawa DST boleh mengganggu aktiviti pagi, dan tindakan mengubah jam dua kali setahun adalah mengganggu ekonomi dan sosial dan membatalkan sebarang manfaat. Para petani cenderung untuk menentang DST. <> Apakah risiko kesihatan utama yang menentang DST mengatakan ia bertambah? || serangan jantung <> Profesion apa yang lebih mungkin mahu memansuhkan DST: petani atau penjaga toko? || Petani <> Kata sifat apa yang mereka gunakan terhadap penggunaan DST untuk menggambarkan penjimatan tenaga yang disebut oleh penyokong? || tidak dapat disangkal <> Apa masa hari penentang penghematan siang hari percaya terganggu paling banyak oleh peralihan masa? || pagi", {"qas": [{"question": "What major health risk do people who oppose DST say it increases?", "id": "56e7594900c9c71400d76ff6", "answers": [{"text": "heart attack", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What profession is more likely to want to repeal DST: farmers or shopkeepers?", "id": "56e7594900c9c71400d76ff8", "answers": [{"text": "Farmers", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What adjective would those against DST use to describe the energy savings touted by supporters?", "id": "56e7594900c9c71400d76ff9", "answers": [{"text": "inconclusive", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What time of day do opponents of daylight savings believe is disrupted the most by the time shift?", "id": "56e7594900c9c71400d76ffa", "answers": [{"text": "morning", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Opponents argue that actual energy savings are inconclusive, that DST increases health risks such as heart attack, that DST can disrupt morning activities, and that the act of changing clocks twice a year is economically and socially disruptive and cancels out any benefit. Farmers have tended to oppose DST."}], ["Di beberapa negara, pegawai keselamatan kebakaran menggalakkan rakyat menggunakan kedua-dua peralihan jam tahunan sebagai peringatan untuk menggantikan bateri dalam pengesan asap dan karbon monoksida, terutamanya pada musim gugur, sebelum musim pemanasan dan lilin menyebabkan peningkatan kebakaran rumah. Tugas sama dua kali termasuk mereview dan mengamalkan kebakaran melarikan diri dan rancangan bencana keluarga, memeriksa lampu kenderaan, memeriksa kawasan penyimpanan bahan berbahaya, termostat ulang program, dan vaksinasi bermusim. Lokasi tanpa DST boleh menggunakan hari pertama musim bunga dan musim luruh sebagai peringatan. <> Terdapat lebih banyak kebakaran pada musim gugur dan musim sejuk kerana orang membakar lebih banyak lilin dan menjadikan apa yang hendak panas? || pemanasan <> Sebagai tambahan kepada pengesan asap, apakah pegawai keselamatan kebakaran menyarankan orang menggantikan bateri apabila mereka menetapkan jam mereka dua kali setahun? || pengesan karbon monoksida <> Jika kawasan anda tidak mematuhi DST, apa yang boleh anda gunakan sebagai peringatan dua kali setahun? || hari pertama musim bunga dan musim luruh <> Apa bahagian kenderaan anda yang perlu anda ingat untuk memeriksa dua kali setahun? || lampu <> Apa yang perlu anda periksa ruang penyimpanan di rumah anda selama dua kali setahun? || bahan berbahaya", {"qas": [{"question": "There are more fires in the fall and winter because people burn more candles and turn what on to keep warm?", "id": "56e76f9037bdd419002c3fa7", "answers": [{"text": "heating", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to smoke detectors, what do fire safety officials suggest people replace batteries in when they set their clocks twice a year?", "id": "56e76f9037bdd419002c3fa8", "answers": [{"text": "carbon monoxide detectors", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If your area doesn't observe DST, what can you use instead as a twice-yearly reminder?", "id": "56e76f9037bdd419002c3fa9", "answers": [{"text": "the first days of spring and autumn", "answer_start": 538}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of your vehicle should you remember to check twice a year?", "id": "56e76f9037bdd419002c3faa", "answers": [{"text": "lights", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What should you check storage spaces in your home for twice-yearly?", "id": "56e76f9037bdd419002c3fab", "answers": [{"text": "hazardous materials", "answer_start": 425}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In several countries, fire safety officials encourage citizens to use the two annual clock shifts as reminders to replace batteries in smoke and carbon monoxide detectors, particularly in autumn, just before the heating and candle season causes an increase in home fires. Similar twice-yearly tasks include reviewing and practicing fire escape and family disaster plans, inspecting vehicle lights, checking storage areas for hazardous materials, reprogramming thermostats, and seasonal vaccinations. Locations without DST can instead use the first days of spring and autumn as reminders."}], ["Persetujuan bersama tentang tata letak atau jadual hari itu memberikan begitu banyak kelebihan sehingga jadual DST standard pada umumnya dipilih atas usaha ad hoc untuk bangkit lebih awal. Kelebihan penyelarasan adalah begitu besar sehingga ramai orang tidak menghiraukan sama ada DST berkuatkuasa dengan mengubah jadual kerja nominal mereka untuk menyelaras dengan siaran televisyen atau siang hari. DST biasanya tidak diperhatikan pada musim sejuk, kerana pagi-paginya lebih gelap; Pekerja mungkin tidak mempunyai masa lapang yang diterangi oleh cahaya matahari, dan kanak-kanak mungkin perlu pergi ke sekolah dalam kegelapan. Oleh kerana DST digunakan untuk pelbagai masyarakat, kesannya mungkin sangat berbeza bergantung pada budaya, tahap cahaya, geografi dan iklim mereka; itulah sebabnya mengapa sukar untuk membuat kesimpulan umum tentang kesan mutlak amalan ini. Sesetengah kawasan mungkin mengamalkan DST semata-mata sebagai perkara penyelarasan dengan orang lain daripada apa-apa faedah langsung. <> Kebanyakan orang bersetuju bahawa jadual yang ditetapkan oleh DST lebih praktikal daripada cuba melakukan apa-apa pada waktu pagi dengan sendiri? || bangun lebih awal <> Apa peranti elektronik mungkin orang mengerjakan jadual mereka dan bukannya memberi perhatian kepada DST? || televisyen <> Semasa musim apa DST biasanya tidak diperhatikan kerana merosakkan pagi yang gelap? || musim sejuk <> Apa faedah tidak langsung DST mungkin menyebabkan beberapa kawasan memerhatikannya walaupun mereka tidak mendapat manfaat langsung seperti kos atau penjimatan tenaga? || koordinasi dengan orang lain", {"qas": [{"question": "Most people agree that a standardized schedule by DST is more practical than trying to do what in the morning on our own?", "id": "56e75c2d37bdd419002c3edb", "answers": [{"text": "get up earlier", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What electronic device might people work their schedules around instead of paying close attention to DST?", "id": "56e75c2d37bdd419002c3edc", "answers": [{"text": "television", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what season is DST usually not observed because of the detriments of dark mornings?", "id": "56e75c2d37bdd419002c3edd", "answers": [{"text": "winter", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What indirect benefit of DST might cause some areas to observe it even though they don't get any direct benefits like cost or energy savings?", "id": "56e75c2d37bdd419002c3ede", "answers": [{"text": "coordination with others", "answer_start": 838}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Common agreement about the day's layout or schedule confers so many advantages that a standard DST schedule has generally been chosen over ad hoc efforts to get up earlier. The advantages of coordination are so great that many people ignore whether DST is in effect by altering their nominal work schedules to coordinate with television broadcasts or daylight. DST is commonly not observed during most of winter, because its mornings are darker; workers may have no sunlit leisure time, and children may need to leave for school in the dark. Since DST is applied to many varying communities, its effects may be very different depending on their culture, light levels, geography, and climate; that is why it is hard to make generalized conclusions about the absolute effects of the practice. Some areas may adopt DST simply as a matter of coordination with others rather than for any direct benefits."}], ["Peruncit, pembuat barangan sukan, dan perniagaan lain mendapat manfaat dari cahaya matahari petang tambahan, kerana ia mendorong pelanggan untuk membeli-belah dan menyertai sukan luar petang. Pada tahun 1984, majalah Fortune menganggarkan bahawa sambungan tujuh minggu DST akan menghasilkan tambahan $ 30 juta untuk kedai 7-Eleven, dan Yayasan Golf Negara menganggarkan peluasan itu akan meningkatkan hasil industri golf $ 200 juta hingga $ 300 juta. Satu kajian pada tahun 1999 menganggarkan bahawa DST meningkatkan pendapatan sektor riadah Kesatuan Eropah sebanyak kira-kira 3%. <> Apakah kategori barangan yang digunakan dalam aktiviti luar mendapat manfaat daripada tambahan jam siang dari DST? || barangan sukan <> Organisasi apa yang meramalkan peningkatan $ 100 juta untuk sektor golf kerana DST yang dilanjutkan? || Yayasan Golf Kebangsaan <> Tahun berapa majalah Fortune membuat ramalan tentang peningkatan pendapatan tabungan hari lanjutan yang akan disediakan? || 1984 <> Menurut satu kajian pada tahun 1999, penjimatan siang hari telah menyebabkan peratusan anggaran peningkatan pendapatan industri riadah di Kesatuan Eropah? || 3% <> Berapa banyak wang tambahan dari DST lakukan Fortune meramalkan 7-Eleven berdasarkan DST? || $ 30 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "What category of goods that are used in outdoor activities benefit from the extra hour of daylight from DST?", "id": "56e762fb37bdd419002c3f23", "answers": [{"text": "sporting goods", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization predicted a $100 million increase for the golf sector because of extended DST?", "id": "56e762fb37bdd419002c3f24", "answers": [{"text": "the National Golf Foundation", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Fortune magazine make predictions about the increased revenue an extended daylight savings would provide?", "id": "56e762fb37bdd419002c3f25", "answers": [{"text": "1984", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to a study in 1999, daylight savings has caused what approximate percentage of increase in leisure industry revenue in the European Union?", "id": "56e762fb37bdd419002c3f26", "answers": [{"text": "3%", "answer_start": 531}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much extra money from DST did Fortune predict for 7-Eleven on account of DST?", "id": "56e762fb37bdd419002c3f27", "answers": [{"text": "$30 million", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Retailers, sporting goods makers, and other businesses benefit from extra afternoon sunlight, as it induces customers to shop and to participate in outdoor afternoon sports. In 1984, Fortune magazine estimated that a seven-week extension of DST would yield an additional $30 million for 7-Eleven stores, and the National Golf Foundation estimated the extension would increase golf industry revenues $200 million to $300 million. A 1999 study estimated that DST increases the revenue of the European Union's leisure sector by about 3%."}], ["Menukar jam dan peraturan DST mempunyai kos ekonomi langsung, yang melibatkan kerja tambahan untuk menyokong mesyuarat jarak jauh, aplikasi komputer dan sebagainya. Contohnya, perubahan peraturan Amerika Utara pada tahun 2007 adalah kira-kira $ 500 juta hingga $ 1 bilion, dan ahli ekonomi Utah State University, William F. Shughart II menganggarkan kos peluang yang hilang pada sekitar $ 1.7 bilion USD. Walaupun telah diperdebatkan bahawa pergeseran jam berkorelasi dengan kecekapan ekonomi yang menurun, dan pada tahun 2000 kesan penjimatan siang hari menyiratkan anggaran satu hari kerugian $ 31 bilion pada bursa saham Amerika Syarikat, jumlah anggaran bergantung pada metodologi. Hasilnya telah dipertikaikan, dan pengarang asal telah menafikan perkara-perkara yang dibangkitkan oleh pencabar. <> Tahun apa perubahan dalam dasar polisi DST Amerika Utara di antara $ 500 juta dan $ 1 billion dalam kerja tambahan? || 2007 <> Siapa ahli ekonomi yang mengatakan terdapat kira-kira $ 1.7 bilion kehilangan kos peluang kerana perubahan tahun 2007? || William F. Shughart II <> Apa yang ada sesetengah orang berhujah berkorelasi dengan perubahan waktu dari penjimatan siang? || menurunkan kecekapan ekonomi <> Apa yang mereka panggil kesan yang mereka katakan menyebabkan kehilangan satu hari untuk pertukaran saham kira-kira $ 31 bilion pada tahun 2000? || kesan penjimatan siang <> Faktor apa yang menentukan bilangan orang yang dijangkakan untuk anggaran ketika belajar DST? || metodologi", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did a change in DST policy cost North America somewhere between $500 million and $1 billion in extra work?", "id": "56e7692a00c9c71400d770de", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the economist who said there was about $1.7 billion in lost opportunity costs because of the 2007 changes?", "id": "56e7692a00c9c71400d770df", "answers": [{"text": "William F. Shughart II", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What have some people argued correlates with time shifts from daylight savings?", "id": "56e7692a00c9c71400d770e0", "answers": [{"text": "decreased economic efficiency", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do some call the effect that they say caused a one-day loss for stock exchanges of approximately $31 billion in the year 2000?", "id": "56e7692a00c9c71400d770e1", "answers": [{"text": "the daylight-saving effect", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What factor determines the numbers people reach for estimates when studying DST?", "id": "56e7692a00c9c71400d770e2", "answers": [{"text": "methodology", "answer_start": 607}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Changing clocks and DST rules has a direct economic cost, entailing extra work to support remote meetings, computer applications and the like. For example, a 2007 North American rule change cost an estimated $500 million to $1 billion, and Utah State University economist William F. Shughart II has estimated the lost opportunity cost at around $1.7 billion USD. Although it has been argued that clock shifts correlate with decreased economic efficiency, and that in 2000 the daylight-saving effect implied an estimated one-day loss of $31 billion on US stock exchanges, the estimated numbers depend on the methodology. The results have been disputed, and the original authors have refuted the points raised by disputers."}], ["Pada tahun 1975, US DOT secara konservatif mengenal pasti pengurangan 0.7% kematian dalam trafik semasa DST, dan menganggarkan penurunan sebenar pada 1.5% hingga 2%, tetapi kajian semula NBS pada tahun 1976 mendapati tiada perbezaan dalam kematian trafik. Pada tahun 1995 Institut Insurans untuk Keselamatan Jalan Raya menganggarkan pengurangan sebanyak 1.2%, termasuk pengurangan sebanyak 5% dalam kemalangan maut kepada pejalan kaki. Lain-lain telah menemui pengurangan yang sama. Musim Sejuk Single / Double (SDST), varian di mana jam adalah satu jam lebih awal daripada matahari pada musim sejuk dan dua pada musim panas, telah dijangka mengurangkan kematian trafik oleh 3% hingga 4% di UK, berbanding DST biasa. Walau bagaimanapun, kemalangan meningkat sebanyak 11% dalam tempoh dua minggu yang menyusul berakhirnya Masa Musim Panas British. Tidak jelas sama ada gangguan tidur menyumbang kepada kemalangan maut sejurus selepas perubahan jam musim bunga. Hubungan antara pergeseran jam dan kemalangan jalan raya telah diperhatikan di Amerika Utara dan UK tetapi tidak di Finland atau Sweden. Sekiranya kesan ini wujud, ia jauh lebih kecil daripada keseluruhan pengurangan kematian trafik. Kajian AS pada tahun 2009 mendapati bahawa pada hari Isnin selepas beralih ke DST, pekerja tidur purata 40 minit lebih kurang, dan cedera di tempat kerja lebih kerap dan lebih teruk. <> Dalam tahun apakah NBS mengkaji semula kajian DOT tahun 1975 dan mendapati kematian trafik tidak dipengaruhi? || 1976 <> Apa organisasi membuat anggaran sendiri pada tahun 1995 daripada penurunan kematian lalu lintas sebanyak 1.2%? || Insurans Institut Keselamatan Lebuh Raya <> Apakah singkatan untuk Musim Panas Tunggal / Double? || SDST <> Dalam dua minggu berikutan perubahan masa yang menamatkan Masa Musim Panas Inggeris, berapa peratus kenaikan peratusan kemalangan jalan raya? || 11% <> Berapa kurang, rata-rata, adakah pekerja di A.S. tidur pada hari Isnin selepas beralih ke DST, menurut kajian tahun 2009? || 40 minit", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the NBS revisit the DOT's 1975 study and find traffic fatalities unaffected?", "id": "56e76ba237bdd419002c3f89", "answers": [{"text": "1976", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization made their own estimation in 1995 of a drop in traffic deaths by 1.2%?", "id": "56e76ba237bdd419002c3f8a", "answers": [{"text": "the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the abbreviation for Single/Double Summer Time?", "id": "56e76ba237bdd419002c3f8b", "answers": [{"text": "SDST", "answer_start": 434}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the two weeks following the time change ending British Summer Time, what percentage hike is there in traffic accidents?", "id": "56e76ba237bdd419002c3f8c", "answers": [{"text": "11%", "answer_start": 665}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much less, on average, do workers in the U.S. sleep on Mondays after switching to DST, according to the 2009 study?", "id": "56e76ba237bdd419002c3f8d", "answers": [{"text": "40 minutes", "answer_start": 1164}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1975 the US DOT conservatively identified a 0.7% reduction in traffic fatalities during DST, and estimated the real reduction at 1.5% to 2%, but the 1976 NBS review of the DOT study found no differences in traffic fatalities. In 1995 the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety estimated a reduction of 1.2%, including a 5% reduction in crashes fatal to pedestrians. Others have found similar reductions. Single/Double Summer Time (SDST), a variant where clocks are one hour ahead of the sun in winter and two in summer, has been projected to reduce traffic fatalities by 3% to 4% in the UK, compared to ordinary DST. However, accidents do increase by as much as 11% during the two weeks that follow the end of British Summer Time. It is not clear whether sleep disruption contributes to fatal accidents immediately after the spring clock shifts. A correlation between clock shifts and traffic accidents has been observed in North America and the UK but not in Finland or Sweden. If this effect exists, it is far smaller than the overall reduction in traffic fatalities. A 2009 US study found that on Mondays after the switch to DST, workers sleep an average of 40 minutes less, and are injured at work more often and more severely."}], ["Potensi DST untuk menjimatkan tenaga terutama disebabkan oleh kesannya terhadap pencahayaan kediaman, yang menggunakan kira-kira 3.5% elektrik di Amerika Syarikat dan Kanada. Menangguhkan masa nominal matahari terbenam dan matahari terbit mengurangkan penggunaan cahaya tiruan pada waktu petang dan meningkatkannya pada waktu pagi. Seperti yang diberitahu oleh Franklin's 1784 sindiran, kos pencahayaan dikurangkan jika pengurangan malam mengatasi kenaikan pagi, seperti musim panas tinggi apabila kebanyakan orang bangun selepas matahari terbit. Matlamat awal DST adalah untuk mengurangkan penggunaan malam lampu pijar, yang digunakan sebagai penggunaan utama elektrik. Walaupun pemuliharaan tenaga kekal menjadi matlamat penting, corak penggunaan tenaga telah banyak berubah sejak itu, dan penyelidikan baru-baru ini terhad dan melaporkan hasil yang bercanggah. Penggunaan elektrik amat dipengaruhi oleh geografi, iklim, dan ekonomi, sehingga sukar untuk umum dari kajian tunggal. <> Berapa peratus daripada semua penggunaan elektrik di A.S. dan Kanada adalah dari pencahayaan kediaman? || 3.5% <> DST akan mengurangkan penggunaan elektrik pada waktu petang tetapi meningkatkannya pada masa hari apa? || pagi <> Apabila DST pertama kali dicadangkan, apakah jenis pencahayaan yang menggunakan elektrik paling? || pijar <> Bersama dengan geografi dan ekonomi, pembolehubah apa yang sering mempengaruhi berapa banyak kawasan elektrik digunakan? || iklim <> Siapa satira yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1784 menegaskan bahawa penjimatan siang hari hanya akan mengurangkan penggunaan elektrik jika kenaikan pagi adalah kurang daripada penjimatan pada waktu malam? || Franklin", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of all electricity usage in the U.S. and Canada is from residential lighting?", "id": "56e75e3b37bdd419002c3eff", "answers": [{"text": "3.5%", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "DST will reduce electricity use in the evening but increase it during what time of the day?", "id": "56e75e3b37bdd419002c3f00", "answers": [{"text": "morning", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When DST was first proposed, what type of lighting was consuming the most electricity?", "id": "56e75e3b37bdd419002c3f01", "answers": [{"text": "incandescent", "answer_start": 542}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with geography and economics, what variable often affects how much electricity an area uses?", "id": "56e75e3b37bdd419002c3f02", "answers": [{"text": "climate", "answer_start": 839}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose satire that was published in 1784 pointed out that daylight saving would only reduce electricity usage if the increase in the mornings was less than the savings in the evenings?", "id": "56e75e3b37bdd419002c3f03", "answers": [{"text": "Franklin", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "DST's potential to save energy comes primarily from its effects on residential lighting, which consumes about 3.5% of electricity in the United States and Canada. Delaying the nominal time of sunset and sunrise reduces the use of artificial light in the evening and increases it in the morning. As Franklin's 1784 satire pointed out, lighting costs are reduced if the evening reduction outweighs the morning increase, as in high-latitude summer when most people wake up well after sunrise. An early goal of DST was to reduce evening usage of incandescent lighting, which used to be a primary use of electricity. Although energy conservation remains an important goal, energy usage patterns have greatly changed since then, and recent research is limited and reports contradictory results. Electricity use is greatly affected by geography, climate, and economics, making it hard to generalize from single studies."}], ["Kesan buruk yang tidak dijangka pada waktu menjimatkan siang mungkin terletak pada hakikat bahawa trafik jam sibuk pagi berlaku sebelum fajar dan pelepasan lalu lintas menyebabkan pencemaran udara yang lebih tinggi daripada waktu siang hari. <> Adakah pelepasan daripada ekzos kenderaan menyebabkan pencemaran yang lebih rendah atau lebih tinggi sebelum fajar? || lebih tinggi <> Adakah DST bermakna lebih banyak lalu lintas jam sibuk di jalan sebelum fajar atau selepas? || sebelum subuh <> Apakah jenis pencemaran yang disebabkan oleh pelepasan dari kereta ketika mereka duduk di lalu lintas? || pencemaran udara", {"qas": [{"question": "Do emissions from vehicle exhaust cause lower or higher pollution before dawn?", "id": "56e779ea37bdd419002c4007", "answers": [{"text": "higher", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does DST mean more rush hour traffic is on the road before dawn or after?", "id": "56e779ea37bdd419002c4008", "answers": [{"text": "before dawn", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of pollution is caused by emissions from cars while they're sitting in traffic?", "id": "56e779ea37bdd419002c4009", "answers": [{"text": "air pollution", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "An unexpected adverse effect of daylight saving time may lie in the fact that an extra part of morning rush hour traffic occurs before dawn and traffic emissions then cause higher air pollution than during daylight hours."}], ["Sesetengah masalah jam-shift boleh dielakkan dengan menyesuaikan jam secara berterusan atau sekurang-kurangnya secara beransur-ansur-contohnya, Willett awalnya mencadangkan peralihan selama 20 minit setiap minggu-tetapi ini akan menambahkan kerumitan dan tidak pernah dilaksanakan. <> Cadangan pertama Willett adalah mengubah jam dengan 20 minit berapa kerap? || mingguan <> Apakah kelemahan yang akan berubah jam secara beransur-ansur menambah proses? || kerumitan <> Apa yang boleh dielakkan dengan menukar jam lebih banyak secara beransur-ansur lebih kerap? || Beberapa masalah jam-anjakan", {"qas": [{"question": "Willett's first suggestion was to change clocks by 20 minutes how often?", "id": "56e7834800c9c71400d771fd", "answers": [{"text": "weekly", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What drawback would changing clocks gradually add to the process?", "id": "56e7834800c9c71400d771fe", "answers": [{"text": "complexity", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What could be avoided by changing clocks more gradually more often?", "id": "56e7834800c9c71400d771ff", "answers": [{"text": "Some clock-shift problems", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some clock-shift problems could be avoided by adjusting clocks continuously or at least more gradually\u2014for example, Willett at first suggested weekly 20-minute transitions\u2014but this would add complexity and has never been implemented."}], ["DST mewarisi dan boleh membesarkan kelemahan masa standard. Contohnya, apabila membaca jam matahari, seseorang mesti mengimbanginya bersama zon waktu dan percanggahan semula jadi. Juga, garis panduan pendedahan matahari seperti mengelakkan matahari dalam masa dua jam tengah hari menjadi kurang tepat apabila DST berkuatkuasa. <> Apa yang mewarisi DST dari masa standard? || keburukan <> Adakah tabungan siang hari meminimumkan atau membesarkan kelemahan masa standard? || magnify <> Biasanya, adalah disyorkan bahawa kita mengelakkan matahari untuk berapa jam sebelum dan sesudah tengah hari? || dua <> garis panduan jenis apa yang kurang tepat kerana DST? || garis panduan pendedahan matahari <> Apabila menggunakan jam matahari, kita mesti menyesuaikan bacaan untuk mencerminkan ketidakpastian semula jadi dan kesan pengaruh apa yang lain? || Zon masa", {"qas": [{"question": "What does DST inherit from standard time?", "id": "56e7851100c9c71400d77213", "answers": [{"text": "disadvantages", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does daylight savings sometimes minimize or magnify the drawbacks of standard time?", "id": "56e7851100c9c71400d77214", "answers": [{"text": "magnify", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Usually, it's recommended that we avoid the sun for how many hours before and after noon?", "id": "56e7851100c9c71400d77215", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of guidelines become less precise because of DST?", "id": "56e7851100c9c71400d77216", "answers": [{"text": "sun-exposure guidelines", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When using a sundial, we must adjust the reading to reflect natural discrepancies and the effect of what other influence?", "id": "56e7851100c9c71400d77217", "answers": [{"text": "time zone", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "DST inherits and can magnify the disadvantages of standard time. For example, when reading a sundial, one must compensate for it along with time zone and natural discrepancies. Also, sun-exposure guidelines such as avoiding the sun within two hours of noon become less accurate when DST is in effect."}], ["DST mempunyai kesan bercampur-campur terhadap kesihatan. Di dalam masyarakat dengan jadual kerja tetap ia menyediakan lebih banyak cahaya matahari petang untuk senaman luaran. Ia mengubah pendedahan cahaya matahari; sama ada ini bermanfaat bergantung kepada lokasi seseorang dan jadual harian, kerana sinar matahari mencetuskan sintesis vitamin D dalam kulit, tetapi pendedahan berlebihan boleh menyebabkan kanser kulit. DST boleh membantu dalam kemurungan dengan menyebabkan individu meningkat sebelum ini, tetapi ada yang menentang pembalikan. The Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness, yang dipimpin oleh menteri olahraga buta Gordon Gund, berjaya melobi pada tahun 1985 dan 2005 untuk sambungan DST AS. <> Apakah masyarakat yang mempunyai jadual kerja seragam mempunyai lebih banyak masa kerana kenaikan siang hari petang dari DST? || Latihan luaran <> Vitamin apa yang memberi cahaya matahari membantu menyerap tubuh manusia? || vitamin D <> Apa kerusi Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness melobi untuk lanjutan untuk penjimatan siang di A.S.? || Gordon Gund <> Apa kanser boleh disebabkan oleh terlalu banyak masa di matahari? || kanser kulit <> Ada yang mengatakan DST boleh membantu pesakit kemurungan kerana ia menggalakkan mereka melakukan apa? || naik lebih awal", {"qas": [{"question": "What do societies with standardized work schedules have more time for because of the increase in afternoon daylight from DST?", "id": "56e7713c37bdd419002c3fb1", "answers": [{"text": "outdoor exercise", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What vitamin does sunlight help the human body absorb?", "id": "56e7713c37bdd419002c3fb2", "answers": [{"text": "vitamin D", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What chair of the Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness lobbied for an extension to daylight savings in the U.S.?", "id": "56e7713c37bdd419002c3fb3", "answers": [{"text": "Gordon Gund", "answer_start": 511}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What cancer can be caused by too much time in the sun?", "id": "56e7713c37bdd419002c3fb4", "answers": [{"text": "skin cancer", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some people say DST can help sufferers of depression because it encourages them to do what?", "id": "56e7713c37bdd419002c3fb5", "answers": [{"text": "rise earlier", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "DST has mixed effects on health. In societies with fixed work schedules it provides more afternoon sunlight for outdoor exercise. It alters sunlight exposure; whether this is beneficial depends on one's location and daily schedule, as sunlight triggers vitamin D synthesis in the skin, but overexposure can lead to skin cancer. DST may help in depression by causing individuals to rise earlier, but some argue the reverse. The Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness, chaired by blind sports magnate Gordon Gund, successfully lobbied in 1985 and 2005 for US DST extensions."}], ["Di Britain, proposal Willett 1907 menggunakan istilah penjimatan siang hari, tetapi menjelang tahun 1911 istilah musim panas menggantikan waktu penjimatan siang hari dalam draf undang-undang. Continental Europe menggunakan frasa yang serupa, seperti Sommerzeit di Jerman, zomertijd di wilayah berbahasa Belanda, kes\u00e4aika di Finlandia, horario de verano atau hora de verano di Sepanyol dan heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 di Perancis, sedangkan di Itali istilahnya tidak legale, itu adalah, masa undang-undang (masa yang sah di sisi undang-undang) yang bertentangan dengan \"ora solare\", masa suria, pada musim sejuk. <> Istilah mana yang digunakan oleh Willett dalam usahanya 1907 untuk merujuk kepada DST? || penjimatan siang <> Frasa apa yang telah menggantikan waktu menjimatkan siang pada tahun 1911 apabila cadangan Willett berubah menjadi undang-undang draf? || musim panas <> Kata apa yang digunakan oleh penceramah Belanda untuk DST? || zomertijd <> Apa istilah yang digunakan oleh Itali untuk DST yang secara literal diterjemahkan sebagai \"masa sah\"? || ora legale <> Apa istilah Itali untuk masa musim sejuk mereka, tidak solare, menterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggeris? || masa solar", {"qas": [{"question": "Which term did Willett use in his 1907 proposal to refer to DST?", "id": "56e78a2e00c9c71400d7726f", "answers": [{"text": "daylight saving", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What phrase had replaced daylight saving time by 1911 as Willett's proposal evolved into draft legislation?", "id": "56e78a2e00c9c71400d77270", "answers": [{"text": "summer time", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What word do speakers of Dutch use for DST?", "id": "56e78a2e00c9c71400d77271", "answers": [{"text": "zomertijd", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term do Italians use for DST that literally translates as \"legal time\"?", "id": "56e78a2e00c9c71400d77272", "answers": [{"text": "ora legale", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the Italian term for their winter time, ora solare, translate to in English?", "id": "56e78a2e00c9c71400d77273", "answers": [{"text": "solar time", "answer_start": 467}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Britain, Willett's 1907 proposal used the term daylight saving, but by 1911 the term summer time replaced daylight saving time in draft legislation. Continental Europe uses similar phrases, such as Sommerzeit in Germany, zomertijd in Dutch-speaking regions, kes\u00e4aika in Finland, horario de verano or hora de verano in Spain and heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 in France, whereas in Italy the term is ora legale, that is, legal time (legally enforced time) as opposed to \"ora solare\", solar time, in winter."}], ["Nama masa tempatan biasanya berubah apabila DST diperhatikan. Bahasa Inggeris Amerika menggantikan piawai dengan siang hari: contohnya, Masa Piawai Pasifik (PST) menjadi Waktu Siang Pasifik (PDT). Di United Kingdom, istilah standard untuk masa UK ketika maju satu jam adalah Waktu Musim Panas British (BST), dan Bahasa Inggeris Inggeris biasanya memasukkan musim panas ke nama zon waktu lain, contohnya. Waktu Eropah Tengah (CET) menjadi Musim Panas Eropah Tengah (CEST). <> Apa yang biasanya berubah apabila tempat memerhati DST? || Nama masa tempatan <> Berapa kata bahasa Inggeris Amerika bertukar untuk \"siang\" apabila merujuk kepada zon masa? || standard <> Dalam Bahasa Inggeris Amerika, apakah bersamaan dengan Masa Piawai Pasifik? || Waktu Siang Pasifik <> Apabila UK menukar jam mereka ke hadapan pada musim bunga, apa yang mereka panggil masa mereka memerhatikan? || Masa Musim Panas British <> Kata apa yang sering ditambah pada nama-nama zon masa apabila digunakan dalam bahasa Inggeris Inggeris? || musim panas", {"qas": [{"question": "What usually changes when a place observes DST?", "id": "56e78bd100c9c71400d77283", "answers": [{"text": "The name of local time", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What word does American English swap out for \"daylight\" when referring to time zones?", "id": "56e78bd100c9c71400d77284", "answers": [{"text": "standard", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In American English, what is the equivalent of Pacific Standard Time?", "id": "56e78bd100c9c71400d77285", "answers": [{"text": "Pacific Daylight Time", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When the UK changes their clocks forward in the spring, what do they call the time they're then observing?", "id": "56e78bd100c9c71400d77286", "answers": [{"text": "British Summer Time", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What word is often added to the names of time zones when used in British English?", "id": "56e78bd100c9c71400d77287", "answers": [{"text": "summer", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The name of local time typically changes when DST is observed. American English replaces standard with daylight: for example, Pacific Standard Time (PST) becomes Pacific Daylight Time (PDT). In the United Kingdom, the standard term for UK time when advanced by one hour is British Summer Time (BST), and British English typically inserts summer into other time zone names, e.g. Central European Time (CET) becomes Central European Summer Time (CEST)."}], ["Peralihan jam DST mempunyai kelemahan kompleks yang jelas. Orang mesti ingat untuk menukar jam mereka; ini boleh memakan masa, terutamanya untuk jam mekanikal yang tidak dapat dipindah ke belakang dengan selamat. Orang yang bekerja di sempadan zon masa perlu mengesan banyak peraturan DST, kerana tidak semua lokasi mematuhi DST atau memerhatikannya dengan cara yang sama. Panjang hari kalendar berubah-ubah; ia tidak lagi selalu 24 jam. Gangguan kepada mesyuarat, perjalanan, siaran, sistem pengebilan, dan pengurusan rekod adalah perkara biasa, dan boleh mahal. Semasa peralihan musim luruh dari 02:00 hingga 01:00, jam membaca masa dari 01:00:00 hingga 01:59:59 dua kali, mungkin menyebabkan kekeliruan. <> Semasa peralihan masa jatuh dari 02:00 hingga 01:00, berapa kali jam akan menunjukkan masa antara 01:00:00 dan 01:59:59? || dua kali <> Apa mungkin jam yang menunjukkan masa yang sama dua kali dalam satu hari membawa kepada? || kekeliruan <> Apa yang sering dikelirukan orang ramai untuk dilakukan untuk DST? || menukar jam mereka <> Apa yang menambah kerumitan orang-orang yang bekerja di zon waktu perlu mengesan? || pelbagai peraturan DST", {"qas": [{"question": "During the fall time shift from 02:00 to 01:00, how many times will a clock show the times between 01:00:00 and 01:59:59?", "id": "56e77c7137bdd419002c4027", "answers": [{"text": "twice", "answer_start": 656}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What might a clock showing the same times twice in one day lead to?", "id": "56e77c7137bdd419002c4028", "answers": [{"text": "confusion", "answer_start": 683}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do people often have trouble remembering to do for DST?", "id": "56e77c7137bdd419002c4029", "answers": [{"text": "change their clocks", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What added complexity do people working across time zones have to keep track of?", "id": "56e77c7137bdd419002c402a", "answers": [{"text": "multiple DST rules", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "DST's clock shifts have the obvious disadvantage of complexity. People must remember to change their clocks; this can be time-consuming, particularly for mechanical clocks that cannot be moved backward safely. People who work across time zone boundaries need to keep track of multiple DST rules, as not all locations observe DST or observe it the same way. The length of the calendar day becomes variable; it is no longer always 24 hours. Disruption to meetings, travel, broadcasts, billing systems, and records management is common, and can be expensive. During an autumn transition from 02:00 to 01:00, a clock reads times from 01:00:00 through 01:59:59 twice, possibly leading to confusion."}], ["Kerosakan pada kemudahan keluli Jerman berlaku semasa peralihan DST pada tahun 1993, apabila sistem masa komputer yang dikaitkan dengan isyarat penyegerakan masa radio membenarkan keluli cair untuk menyejukkan selama satu jam kurang daripada tempoh yang diperlukan, mengakibatkan spattering keluli cair ketika dituangkan . Peranti perubatan boleh menjejaskan kejadian yang boleh merosakkan pesakit, tanpa jelas kepada doktor yang bertanggungjawab untuk penjagaan. Masalah ini dikompaun apabila peraturan DST sendiri berubah; pemaju perisian mesti menguji dan mungkin mengubah suai banyak program, dan pengguna mesti memasang kemas kini dan memulakan semula aplikasi. Pengguna perlu mengemaskini peranti seperti termostat boleh diprogramkan dengan peraturan DST yang betul, atau secara manual menyesuaikan jam peranti. Strategi yang lazim untuk menyelesaikan masalah ini dalam sistem komputer adalah untuk meluahkan masa menggunakan Waktu Sejam Bersama (UTC) dan bukannya zon masa tempatan. Contohnya, sistem komputer berasaskan Unix menggunakan waktu Unix berasaskan UTC secara dalaman. <> Tahun berapa kemalangan berlaku di sebuah kemudahan Jerman dengan keluli cair kerana perubahan kepada DST? || 1993 <> Untuk berapa banyak masa keluli lebur sepatutnya sejuk apabila komputer campuran berlaku di kemudahan keluli Jerman? || satu jam <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab untuk menguji dan juga membuat perubahan kepada program komputer apabila peraturan penjimatan siang hari berubah? || pemaju perisian <> Sistem masa apa yang digunakan oleh beberapa sistem komputer untuk mengelakkan isu-isu perubahan dalam masa tempatan? || Masa Semula Seliaan <> Masa jenis sistem komputer menggunakan jam dalaman berdasarkan waktu UTC? || Berasaskan Unix", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did an accident occur at a German facility with molten steel because of the change to DST?", "id": "56e7825400c9c71400d771e9", "answers": [{"text": "1993", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For how much more time was the molten steel supposed to cool when the computer mix-up happened in the German steel facility?", "id": "56e7825400c9c71400d771ea", "answers": [{"text": "one hour", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is responsible for testing and even making changing to computer programs when daylight saving rules change?", "id": "56e7825400c9c71400d771eb", "answers": [{"text": "software developers", "answer_start": 483}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What time system do some computer systems use to avoid the issues of changes in local time?", "id": "56e7825400c9c71400d771ec", "answers": [{"text": "Coordinated Universal Time", "answer_start": 828}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of computer systems use an internal clock based on UTC time?", "id": "56e7825400c9c71400d771ed", "answers": [{"text": "Unix-based", "answer_start": 907}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Damage to a German steel facility occurred during a DST transition in 1993, when a computer timing system linked to a radio time synchronization signal allowed molten steel to cool for one hour less than the required duration, resulting in spattering of molten steel when it was poured. Medical devices may generate adverse events that could harm patients, without being obvious to clinicians responsible for care. These problems are compounded when the DST rules themselves change; software developers must test and perhaps modify many programs, and users must install updates and restart applications. Consumers must update devices such as programmable thermostats with the correct DST rules, or manually adjust the devices' clocks. A common strategy to resolve these problems in computer systems is to express time using the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) rather than the local time zone. For example, Unix-based computer systems use the UTC-based Unix time internally."}], ["Pergeseran jam didapati meningkatkan risiko serangan jantung sebanyak 10 peratus, dan mengganggu tidur dan mengurangkan kecekapannya. Kesan penyesuaian musiman dalam irama sirkadian boleh teruk dan berlangsung selama berminggu-minggu. Kajian tahun 2008 mendapati bahawa walaupun kadar bunuh diri lelaki meningkat dalam beberapa minggu selepas peralihan musim bunga, hubungan itu melemahkan dengan banyak selepas menyesuaikan diri untuk musim. Satu kajian Sweden tahun 2008 mendapati bahawa serangan jantung adalah lebih umum pada tiga hari pertama selepas peralihan musim bunga, dan kurang biasa pada hari kerja pertama selepas peralihan musim luruh. Kerajaan Kazakhstan memetik komplikasi kesihatan akibat pergeseran jam sebagai alasan untuk menghapuskan DST pada tahun 2005. Pada bulan Mac 2011, Dmitri Medvedev, presiden Rusia, mendakwa bahawa \"tekanan perubahan jam\" adalah motivasi untuk Rusia tinggal di DST sepanjang tahun lama. Pegawai pada masa itu bercakap mengenai peningkatan tahunan dalam bunuh diri. <> Apa irama semula jadi terganggu oleh perubahan bermusim? || rhythm circadian <> Pada tahun 2005, negara mana yang menggunakan peningkatan risiko kesihatan sebagai rasionalisasi untuk menghapuskan DST? || Kazakhstan <> Yang presiden Rusia berpendapat bahawa negara harus tinggal di DST sepanjang tahun kerana tekanan pergeseran masa? || Dmitri Medvedev <> Menurut kajian Sweden pada tahun 2008, berapa hari kerja berikut \"musim bunga ke depan\" adakah anda mempunyai risiko serangan jantung yang lebih tinggi? || tiga", {"qas": [{"question": "What natural rhythm is disrupted by seasonal changes?", "id": "56e777fc37bdd419002c3fea", "answers": [{"text": "circadian rhythm", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2005, what country used increased health risks as rationalization for getting rid of DST?", "id": "56e777fc37bdd419002c3feb", "answers": [{"text": "Kazakhstan", "answer_start": 600}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Russian president argued that the country should stay in DST year-round because of the stresses of time shifts?", "id": "56e777fc37bdd419002c3fec", "answers": [{"text": "Dmitri Medvedev", "answer_start": 713}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to the Swedish study in 2008, for how many weekdays following the \"spring forward\" do you have a higher risk of heart attack?", "id": "56e777fc37bdd419002c3fed", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Clock shifts were found to increase the risk of heart attack by 10 percent, and to disrupt sleep and reduce its efficiency. Effects on seasonal adaptation of the circadian rhythm can be severe and last for weeks. A 2008 study found that although male suicide rates rise in the weeks after the spring transition, the relationship weakened greatly after adjusting for season. A 2008 Swedish study found that heart attacks were significantly more common the first three weekdays after the spring transition, and significantly less common the first weekday after the autumn transition. The government of Kazakhstan cited health complications due to clock shifts as a reason for abolishing DST in 2005. In March 2011, Dmitri Medvedev, president of Russia, claimed that \"stress of changing clocks\" was the motivation for Russia to stay in DST all year long. Officials at the time talked about an annual increase in suicides."}], ["Seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Richard Meade dalam Jurnal Bahasa Inggeris Majlis Kebangsaan Bahasa Inggeris (Amerika), bentuk masa pencahayaan siang hari (dengan \"s\") sudah pada tahun 1978 jauh lebih biasa daripada bentuk masa yang lebih lama siang hari dalam bahasa Inggeris Amerika (\"perubahan telah dicapai\"). Walau bagaimanapun, walaupun kamus seperti Merriam-Webster, Warisan Amerika, dan Oxford, yang menggambarkan kegunaan sebenar dan bukannya menetapkan penggunaan yang lapuk (dan oleh itu juga menyenaraikan borang yang lebih baru), masih menyenaraikan borang yang lebih lama dahulu. Ini kerana bentuk yang lebih tua masih sangat biasa di cetak dan disukai oleh banyak editor. (\"Walaupun masa penjimatan siang dianggap betul, masa penjimatan siang hari (dengan\" s \") biasa digunakan.\") Dua perkataan pertama kadang-kadang bersudut (waktu penjimatan siang). Merriam-Webster juga menyenaraikan borang penjimatan siang hari (tanpa \"masa\"), penjimatan siang (tanpa \"masa\"), dan waktu siang. <> Pengarang apa yang dikreditkan dengan menerangkan penggunaan waktu penjimatan siang dan waktu penjimatan siang dengan \"s\" dalam Jurnal Bahasa Inggeris (Amerika) Majlis Kebangsaan Guru Bahasa Inggeris? || Richard Meade <> Pada tahun 1978, menurut Meade, ungkapan mana yang lebih umum digunakan: waktu penjimatan siang atau waktu penjimatan siang? || jam penjimatan siang <> Bentuk frasa mana yang lebih biasa dalam penerbitan cetak? || jam menjimatkan masa <> Menyertai kamus Merriam-Webster dan Oxford, bentuk yang lebih lama frasa tanpa \"s\" masih disenaraikan dahulu dalam kamus apa? || Warisan Amerika <> Bersama dengan \"penjimatan siang\" dan \"penjimatan siang hari,\" apa bentuk alternatif yang dimuatkan oleh Merriam-Webster? || waktu siang", {"qas": [{"question": "What author is credited with explaining the usage of daylight saving time and daylight savings time with an \"s\" in the English Journal of the (American) National Council of Teachers of English?", "id": "56e787fb37bdd419002c40bf", "answers": [{"text": "Richard Meade", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1978, according to Meade, which form of the phrase was more commonly used: daylight saving time or daylight savings time?", "id": "56e787fb37bdd419002c40c0", "answers": [{"text": "daylight savings time", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which form of the phrase is more common in print publications?", "id": "56e787fb37bdd419002c40c1", "answers": [{"text": "daylight saving time", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Joining Merriam-Webster's and the Oxford dictionary, the older form of the phrase without the \"s\" is still listed first in what dictionary?", "id": "56e787fb37bdd419002c40c2", "answers": [{"text": "American Heritage", "answer_start": 362}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with \"daylight saving\" and \"daylight savings,\" what alternate form does Merriam-Webster's include?", "id": "56e787fb37bdd419002c40c3", "answers": [{"text": "daylight time", "answer_start": 921}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As explained by Richard Meade in the English Journal of the (American) National Council of Teachers of English, the form daylight savings time (with an \"s\") was already in 1978 much more common than the older form daylight saving time in American English (\"the change has been virtually accomplished\"). Nevertheless, even dictionaries such as Merriam-Webster's, American Heritage, and Oxford, which describe actual usage instead of prescribing outdated usage (and therefore also list the newer form), still list the older form first. This is because the older form is still very common in print and preferred by many editors. (\"Although daylight saving time is considered correct, daylight savings time (with an \"s\") is commonly used.\") The first two words are sometimes hyphenated (daylight-saving[s] time). Merriam-Webster's also lists the forms daylight saving (without \"time\"), daylight savings (without \"time\"), and daylight time."}], ["Walau bagaimanapun, walaupun UTC digunakan secara dalaman, sistem masih memerlukan maklumat mengenai zon masa untuk mengira masa setempat dengan betul di mana ia diperlukan. Banyak sistem yang digunakan hari ini berdasarkan pengiraan tarikh / masa mereka dari data yang diperolehi dari pangkalan data zon waktu IANA yang juga dikenali sebagai zoneinfo. <> Di mana kebanyakan sistem pergi untuk mendapatkan data yang mereka gunakan untuk mengira waktu setempat? || pangkalan data zon waktu IANA <> Apa dua titik data tertentu yang perlu dipikirkan sistem untuk mendapatkan masa setempat? || tarikh / masa <> Apakah nama lain untuk pangkalan data IANA? || zoneinfo", {"qas": [{"question": "Where do most systems go to get the data they use to calculate local time?", "id": "56e795ee37bdd419002c41a4", "answers": [{"text": "the IANA time zone database", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two specific points of data do systems need to figure out to get local time?", "id": "56e795ee37bdd419002c41a5", "answers": [{"text": "date/time", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's another name for the IANA database?", "id": "56e795ee37bdd419002c41a6", "answers": [{"text": "zoneinfo", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "However, even if UTC is used internally, the systems still require information on time zones to correctly calculate local time where it is needed. Many systems in use today base their date/time calculations from data derived from the IANA time zone database also known as zoneinfo."}], ["Sistem yang lebih tua atau dilucutkan boleh menyokong hanya nilai TZ yang diperlukan oleh POSIX, yang menentukan paling banyak satu permulaan dan akhir peraturan secara eksplisit dalam nilai. Sebagai contoh, TZ = 'EST5EDT, M3.2.0 / 02.00, M11.1.0 / 02.00' menentukan masa untuk Amerika Syarikat timur bermula pada tahun 2007. Nilai TZ sedemikian mesti diubah apabila peraturan DST berubah, dan baru Nilai terpakai untuk semua tahun, salah laku beberapa cap waktu yang lama. <> Sistem yang kurang canggih mungkin hanya menyokong nilai TZ dengan satu permulaan peraturan dan berapa banyak peraturan akhir? || satu <> Bilakah mesti nilai TZ diubah pada sistem yang lebih lama? || apabila peraturan DST berubah <> Apakah nilai TZ EST5EDT, M3.2.0 / 02.00, M11.1.0 / 02.00 menyatakan? || masa untuk timur Amerika Syarikat bermula pada tahun 2007 <> Berapa tahun akan nilai TZ baru berlaku? || semua tahun <> Apa yang mungkin nilai TZ baru yang tidak baik apabila ia berubah dengan peraturan DST baru? || cap waktu yang lebih lama", {"qas": [{"question": "Less sophisticated systems might just support a TZ value with one start rule and how many end rules?", "id": "56e79ae000c9c71400d77379", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When must TZ values be changed on an older system?", "id": "56e79ae000c9c71400d7737a", "answers": [{"text": "whenever DST rules change", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the TZ value EST5EDT,M3.2.0/02:00,M11.1.0/02:00 specify?", "id": "56e79ae000c9c71400d7737b", "answers": [{"text": "time for the eastern United States starting in 2007", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What years will a new TZ value apply to?", "id": "56e79ae000c9c71400d7737c", "answers": [{"text": "all years", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's might a new TZ value mishandle when it changes with new DST rules?", "id": "56e79ae000c9c71400d7737d", "answers": [{"text": "older timestamps", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Older or stripped-down systems may support only the TZ values required by POSIX, which specify at most one start and end rule explicitly in the value. For example, TZ='EST5EDT,M3.2.0/02:00,M11.1.0/02:00' specifies time for the eastern United States starting in 2007. Such a TZ value must be changed whenever DST rules change, and the new value applies to all years, mishandling some older timestamps."}], ["Mnemonik Amerika Utara \"musim bunga ke depan, jatuh kembali\" (juga \"musim bunga ke depan ...\", \"musim bunga ...\", dan \"... jatuh\") membantu orang mengingati arah mana untuk menggeser jam. <> Frasa apa yang sering digunakan di Amerika Utara ketika bercakap tentang DST? || musim bunga ke depan, jatuh kembali <> Apa bahasa seperti \"musim bunga ke depan, jatuh kembali\" yang bertindak sebagai pencetus untuk ingatan dipanggil? || mnemonic <> Apa yang \"musim bunga ke depan, jatuh kembali\" membantu orang ingat? || arah mana untuk mengalihkan jam", {"qas": [{"question": "What phrase is often used in North America when speaking about DST?", "id": "56e78dab37bdd419002c411f", "answers": [{"text": "spring forward, fall back", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a language like \"spring forward, fall back\" that acts as a trigger for memory called?", "id": "56e78dab37bdd419002c4120", "answers": [{"text": "mnemonic", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does \"spring forward, fall back\" help people remember?", "id": "56e78dab37bdd419002c4121", "answers": [{"text": "which direction to shift clocks", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The North American mnemonic \"spring forward, fall back\" (also \"spring ahead ...\", \"spring up ...\", and \"... fall behind\") helps people remember which direction to shift clocks."}], ["Perubahan kepada peraturan DST menyebabkan masalah dalam pemasangan komputer sedia ada. Sebagai contoh, perubahan tahun 2007 kepada peraturan DST di Amerika Utara memerlukan banyak sistem komputer untuk dinaik taraf, dengan kesan terbesar pada program e-mel dan kalendar; peningkatan ini menggunakan usaha yang signifikan oleh teknologi maklumat korporat. <> Apa yang boleh menyebabkan masalah dengan sistem komputer yang dipasang? || Perubahan pada peraturan DST <> Tahun berapa peraturan DST berubah di Amerika Utara? || 2007 <> Apa sistem komputer yang sedia ada yang bergantung pada zon waktu yang diperlukan kerana perubahan peraturan DST? || naik taraf <> Selain program kalendar, apakah jenis program yang paling banyak dipengaruhi oleh perubahan? || e-mel <> Profesional mana yang menanggung usaha untuk menaik taraf sistem yang dipengaruhi oleh perubahan masa? || teknologi maklumat korporat", {"qas": [{"question": "What can cause issues with installed computer systems?", "id": "56e790f337bdd419002c4153", "answers": [{"text": "Changes to DST rules", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did DST rules change in North America?", "id": "56e790f337bdd419002c4154", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did many existing computer systems that relied on time zones need because of the DST rule changes?", "id": "56e790f337bdd419002c4155", "answers": [{"text": "upgrades", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to calendaring programs, what kind of programs were most impacted by the changes?", "id": "56e790f337bdd419002c4156", "answers": [{"text": "email", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which professionals bore the brunt of the effort to upgrade systems affected by time changes?", "id": "56e790f337bdd419002c4157", "answers": [{"text": "corporate information technologists", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Changes to DST rules cause problems in existing computer installations. For example, the 2007 change to DST rules in North America required many computer systems to be upgraded, with the greatest impact on email and calendaring programs; the upgrades consumed a significant effort by corporate information technologists."}], ["Sesetengah aplikasi menyeragamkan pada UTC untuk mengelakkan masalah dengan perubahan jam dan perbezaan zon masa. Begitu juga, kebanyakan sistem operasi moden mengendalikan dan menyimpan semua masa sebagai UTC dan hanya menukar kepada masa setempat untuk dipaparkan. <> Sistem masa apa yang digunakan oleh beberapa aplikasi supaya mereka tidak akan menghadapi masalah dengan perubahan masa? || UTC <> Dengan menggunakan UTC, aplikasi keluar daripada menyesuaikan diri dengan perubahan pada pergeseran jam dan faktor apa lagi? || perbezaan zon masa <> Sebagai tambahan kepada aplikasi individu, apa sistem moden yang mengawal fungsi asas komputer biasanya menggunakan UTC? || sistem pengendalian <> Di manakah komputer biasanya menggunakan UTC? || dalaman <> Apa masa yang mungkin digunakan oleh komputer untuk paparan jam? || masa tempatan", {"qas": [{"question": "What system of time do some applications use so they won't have problems with time changes?", "id": "56e793ad00c9c71400d772f7", "answers": [{"text": "UTC", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By using UTC, applications get out of adjusting to changes around clock shifts and what other factor?", "id": "56e793ad00c9c71400d772f8", "answers": [{"text": "time zone differences", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to individual applications, what modern systems that control the basic functions of a computer typically use UTC?", "id": "56e793ad00c9c71400d772f9", "answers": [{"text": "operating systems", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do computers usually use UTC?", "id": "56e793ad00c9c71400d772fa", "answers": [{"text": "internally", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What time would a computer probably use for the clock display?", "id": "56e793ad00c9c71400d772fb", "answers": [{"text": "local time", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some applications standardize on UTC to avoid problems with clock shifts and time zone differences. Likewise, most modern operating systems internally handle and store all times as UTC and only convert to local time for display."}], ["Sistem fail NTFS yang digunakan oleh versi Windows baru-baru ini menyimpan fail dengan setem waktu UTC, tetapi memaparkannya diperbetulkan ke masa tempatan atau masa bermusim. Walau bagaimanapun, sistem fail FAT yang lazim digunakan pada peranti mudah alih hanya menyimpan masa setempat. Akibatnya, apabila fail disalin dari cakera keras ke media berasingan, masa akan ditetapkan kepada masa tempatan semasa. Sekiranya pelarasan masa berubah, cap waktu dan fail asal akan berbeza. Kesan yang sama dapat diperhatikan apabila memampatkan dan memampatkan fail dengan beberapa archiver file. Ia adalah fail NTFS yang mengubah masa yang dilihat. Kesan ini perlu diingat apabila cuba menentukan jika fail adalah pendua yang lain, walaupun terdapat kaedah lain untuk membandingkan fail untuk kesamaan (seperti menggunakan algoritma checksum). <> Sistem fail apa yang digunakan oleh versi Windows baru-baru ini? || NTFS <> Di bawah NTFS, apakah yang digunakan Windows untuk setem masa fail dalam storan? || UTC <> Sistem fail apakah yang digunakan oleh kebanyakan peranti yang boleh tanggal? || FAT <> Berapakah masa yang akan ditetapkan oleh fail jika ia disalin dari cakera keras ke media lain? || masa tempatan semasa", {"qas": [{"question": "What file system do recent Windows versions use?", "id": "56e7aac737bdd419002c42f0", "answers": [{"text": "NTFS", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Under NTFS, what does Windows use for file time stamps in storage?", "id": "56e7aac737bdd419002c42f1", "answers": [{"text": "UTC", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What file system do most removable devices use?", "id": "56e7aac737bdd419002c42f3", "answers": [{"text": "FAT", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What time will a file be set to if it's copied from the hard disk onto other media?", "id": "56e7aac737bdd419002c42f4", "answers": [{"text": "current local time", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The NTFS file system used by recent versions of Windows stores the file with a UTC time stamp, but displays it corrected to local\u2014or seasonal\u2014time. However, the FAT filesystem commonly used on removable devices stores only the local time. Consequently, when a file is copied from the hard disk onto separate media, its time will be set to the current local time. If the time adjustment is changed, the timestamps of the original file and the copy will be different. The same effect can be observed when compressing and uncompressing files with some file archivers. It is the NTFS file that changes seen time. This effect should be kept in mind when trying to determine if a file is a duplicate of another, although there are other methods of comparing files for equality (such as using a checksum algorithm)."}], ["Microsoft Windows menyimpan jam masa nyata sistem pada masa tempatan. Ini menyebabkan beberapa masalah, termasuk keserasian apabila boot dengan sistem operasi yang menetapkan jam ke UTC, dan menyesuaikan dua kali jam apabila multi boot versi Windows yang berbeza, seperti dengan boot boot rescue. Pendekatan ini adalah masalah walaupun dalam sistem Windows sahaja: tidak ada sokongan untuk tetapan zon waktu per-pengguna, hanya satu tetapan seluruh sistem. Pada tahun 2008, Microsoft membayangkan bahawa versi Windows masa depan akan menyokong sebahagian daripada entri pendaftaran Windows Registry RealTimeIsUniversal yang telah diperkenalkan bertahun-tahun terdahulu, ketika Windows NT menyokong mesin RISC dengan jam UTC, tetapi tidak dikekalkan. Sejak itu sekurang-kurangnya dua pembetulan yang berkaitan dengan ciri ini telah diterbitkan oleh Microsoft. <> Apa yang digunakan Microsoft Windows secara dalaman untuk jam waktu nyata? || waktu tempatan <> Tidak menggunakan UTC, Windows tidak boleh boot dengan pelbagai versi sendiri seperti yang anda perlu lakukan untuk menggunakan cakera jenis apa? || cakera boot penyelamat <> Berlawanan dengan memberikan sokongan kepada pengguna untuk mempunyai tetapan zon masa yang unik, Windows hanya akan membenarkan apa? || satu set sistem seluruh <> Dalam tahun apakah Microsoft menyatakan bahawa mereka akan membuat perubahan untuk menyokong RealTimeIsUniversal dalam satu langkah ke arah keserasian dengan UTC? || 2008 <> Sejak tahun 2008, sekurang-kurangnya berapa kali Microsoft telah membuang perbaikan untuk ciri RealTimeIsUniversal? || dua", {"qas": [{"question": "What does Microsoft Windows use internally for its real-time clock?", "id": "56e7a89837bdd419002c42dc", "answers": [{"text": "local time", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Not using UTC, Windows can't multi boot with different versions of itself like you'd need to do to use what kind of disk?", "id": "56e7a89837bdd419002c42dd", "answers": [{"text": "a rescue boot disk", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As opposed to providing support for users to have unique time zone settings, Windows will only allow for what?", "id": "56e7a89837bdd419002c42de", "answers": [{"text": "a single system-wide setting", "answer_start": 414}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Microsoft imply that they would be making changes to support RealTimeIsUniversal in a step towards compatibility with UTC?", "id": "56e7a89837bdd419002c42df", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 447}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Since 2008, at least how many times has Microsoft released fixes for the RealTimeIsUniversal feature?", "id": "56e7a89837bdd419002c42e0", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 720}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Microsoft Windows keeps the system real-time clock in local time. This causes several problems, including compatibility when multi booting with operating systems that set the clock to UTC, and double-adjusting the clock when multi booting different Windows versions, such as with a rescue boot disk. This approach is a problem even in Windows-only systems: there is no support for per-user timezone settings, only a single system-wide setting. In 2008 Microsoft hinted that future versions of Windows will partially support a Windows registry entry RealTimeIsUniversal that had been introduced many years earlier, when Windows NT supported RISC machines with UTC clocks, but had not been maintained. Since then at least two fixes related to this feature have been published by Microsoft."}], ["Pangkalan data zon masa IANA memetakan nama ke syif jam bersejarah dan ramalan lokasi yang bernama. Pangkalan data ini digunakan oleh banyak sistem perisian komputer, termasuk kebanyakan sistem operasi seperti Unix, Java, dan RDBMS Oracle; Pangkalan data \"tztab\" HP serupa tetapi tidak serasi. Apabila pihak berkuasa temporal menukar peraturan DST, kemas kini zoneinfo dipasang sebagai sebahagian daripada penyelenggaraan sistem biasa. Dalam sistem Unix seperti pembolehubah persekitaran TZ menentukan nama lokasi, seperti dalam TZ = ': America / New_York'. Dalam kebanyakan sistem tersebut terdapat juga tetapan sistem yang digunakan jika pembolehubah persekitaran TZ tidak ditetapkan: tetapan ini dikawal oleh kandungan fail / etc / localtime, yang biasanya merupakan pautan simbolik atau pautan keras ke salah satu fail zoneinfo. Masa dalaman disimpan dalam masa masa bebas-zon waktu; TZ digunakan oleh setiap pengguna dan proses serentak yang berpotensi untuk memaparkan paparan masa secara bebas. <> Pangkalan data IANA berfungsi dengan menyambungkan nama kepada maklumat apa tentang lokasi? || peralihan jam bersejarah dan ramalan <> IANA, atau zoneinfo, kemas kini dipasang sebagai sebahagian daripada fungsi biasa apabila perubahan kepada dasar DST dibuat? || penyelenggaraan sistem <> Apakah variabel persekitaran yang mentakrifkan nama lokasi? || TZ <> Format apakah yang digunakan untuk menyimpan masa dalaman dalam sistem yang menggunakan zoneinfo? || Masa zaman bebas zon masa <> Apakah nama pangkalan data HP yang serupa dengan IANA tetapi tidak serasi dengannya? || tztab", {"qas": [{"question": "The IANA database works by connecting names to what information about the location?", "id": "56e798c700c9c71400d77347", "answers": [{"text": "historical and predicted clock shifts", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "IANA, or zoneinfo, updates are installed as a part of what ordinary function when changes to DST policy are made?", "id": "56e798c700c9c71400d77348", "answers": [{"text": "system maintenance", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What environment variable defines a location's name?", "id": "56e798c700c9c71400d77349", "answers": [{"text": "TZ", "answer_start": 423}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What format is used to store internal time in systems that use zoneinfo?", "id": "56e798c700c9c71400d7734a", "answers": [{"text": "timezone-independent epoch time", "answer_start": 799}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the name of the HP database that's similar to IANA but not compatible with it?", "id": "56e798c700c9c71400d7734b", "answers": [{"text": "tztab", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The IANA time zone database maps a name to the named location's historical and predicted clock shifts. This database is used by many computer software systems, including most Unix-like operating systems, Java, and the Oracle RDBMS; HP's \"tztab\" database is similar but incompatible. When temporal authorities change DST rules, zoneinfo updates are installed as part of ordinary system maintenance. In Unix-like systems the TZ environment variable specifies the location name, as in TZ=':America/New_York'. In many of those systems there is also a system-wide setting that is applied if the TZ environment variable isn't set: this setting is controlled by the contents of the /etc/localtime file, which is usually a symbolic link or hard link to one of the zoneinfo files. Internal time is stored in timezone-independent epoch time; the TZ is used by each of potentially many simultaneous users and processes to independently localize time display."}], ["Keterbatasan ini telah menyebabkan masalah. Contohnya, sebelum tahun 2005, DST di Israel berubah setiap tahun dan dilangkau beberapa tahun. Windows 95 menggunakan peraturan yang betul untuk tahun 1995 sahaja, menyebabkan masalah pada tahun-tahun kemudian. Dalam Windows 98, Microsoft menandakan Israel sebagai tidak mempunyai DST, memaksa pengguna Israel untuk mengalihkan jam komputer mereka secara manual dua kali setahun. 2005 Tabung Penjimatan Israel Israel menetapkan peraturan yang boleh diramal menggunakan kalendar Yahudi tetapi fail zon Windows tidak dapat mewakili tarikh peraturan dalam cara bebas tahun. Workarounds separa, yang memalukan setem masa yang lebih lama, termasuk fail zon beralih secara manual setiap tahun dan alat Microsoft yang menukar zon secara automatik. Pada tahun 2013, Israel menyeragamkan masa penjimatan siangnya mengikut kalendar Gregorian. <> Apa tahun tunggal menggunakan Windows 95 untuk memohon peraturan untuk perubahan masa Israel? || 1995 <> Karena jadual di Israel selalu berubah, apa yang dilakukan Microsoft dengan pembebasan Windows 98? || menandakan Israel sebagai tidak mempunyai DST <> Berapa kerapkah pengguna Israel yang menjalankan Windows 98 perlu menyesuaikan waktu secara manual pada mesin mereka untuk terus berjalan? || dua kali setahun <> Apa undang-undang yang mengatur peraturan untuk pergeseran waktu di Israel menurut kalendar Yahudi? || Undang-undang Penyelamat Israel Daylight 2005 <> Walaupun jadwal di Israel menjadi diramalkan selepas tahun 2005, masih ada masalah di Windows sehingga Israel menyesuaikan DST ke kalendar pada tahun 2013? || kalendar Gregorian", {"qas": [{"question": "What single year did Windows 95 use to apply rules to Israel's time changes?", "id": "56e7a23000c9c71400d77443", "answers": [{"text": "1995", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Because the schedule in Israel was always changing, what did Microsoft do with the release of Windows 98?", "id": "56e7a23000c9c71400d77444", "answers": [{"text": "marked Israel as not having DST", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How often would Israeli users running Windows 98 need to manually adjust the time on their machines to stay current?", "id": "56e7a23000c9c71400d77445", "answers": [{"text": "twice a year", "answer_start": 323}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What law regulated the rules for time shifts in Israel according to the Jewish calendar?", "id": "56e7a23000c9c71400d77446", "answers": [{"text": "The 2005 Israeli Daylight Saving Law", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Although the schedule in Israel became predictable after 2005, there were still problems in Windows until Israel adjusted DST to what calendar in 2013?", "id": "56e7a23000c9c71400d77447", "answers": [{"text": "the Gregorian calendar", "answer_start": 747}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "These limitations have caused problems. For example, before 2005, DST in Israel varied each year and was skipped some years. Windows 95 used rules correct for 1995 only, causing problems in later years. In Windows 98, Microsoft marked Israel as not having DST, forcing Israeli users to shift their computer clocks manually twice a year. The 2005 Israeli Daylight Saving Law established predictable rules using the Jewish calendar but Windows zone files could not represent the rules' dates in a year-independent way. Partial workarounds, which mishandled older time stamps, included manually switching zone files every year and a Microsoft tool that switches zones automatically. In 2013, Israel standardized its daylight saving time according to the Gregorian calendar."}], ["Seperti halnya zoneinfo, pengguna Microsoft Windows mengkonfigurasi DST dengan menyatakan nama suatu lokasi, dan sistem operasi kemudiannya merujuk kepada satu set set peraturan yang mesti dikemas kini apabila peraturan DST berubah. Prosedur untuk menentukan nama dan mengemaskini jadual berbeza dengan pelepasan. Kemas kini tidak dikeluarkan untuk versi lama Microsoft Windows. Windows Vista menyokong paling banyak dua peraturan permulaan dan akhir setiap tetapan zon masa. Di lokasi Kanada yang memerhatikan DST, seting Vista tunggal menyokong setem masa 1987-2006 dan pasca-2006, tetapi menghapuskan beberapa setem masa yang lebih lama. Sistem Microsoft Windows yang lebih lama biasanya menyimpan hanya satu permulaan dan tamat peraturan tunggal untuk setiap zon, supaya tetapan Kanada yang sama hanya dapat menyokong hanya setem masa pasca-2006. <> Sama seperti sistem menggunakan zoneinfo, Microsoft Windows mengira DST dengan melakukan apa? || menyatakan nama suatu lokasi <> Bilakah jadual peraturan menetapkan penggunaan sistem operasi Windows perlu dikemas kini? || apabila aturan DST berubah <> Jika komputer anda menjalankan Vista, apakah bilangan maksimum peraturan permulaan dan akhir yang anda boleh buat untuk setiap tetapan zon masa? || dua <> Jika terletak di Kanada di mana tempat DST diperhatikan, sistem yang menjalankan Vista mungkin mishandle setem masa yang lebih tua daripada tahun apa? || 1987 <> Pada sistem yang menjalankan Windows lebih tua daripada Vista, lokasi di Kanada yang memerhatikan DST hanya boleh menyokong setem masa selepas tahun berapa? || 2006", {"qas": [{"question": "Similar to systems using zoneinfo, Microsoft Windows calculates DST by doing what?", "id": "56e79ed037bdd419002c4267", "answers": [{"text": "specifying the name of a location", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When does the table of rule sets the Windows operating system uses have to be updated?", "id": "56e79ed037bdd419002c4268", "answers": [{"text": "when DST rules change", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If your computer runs Vista, what's the maximum number of start and end rules you can have for each time zone setting?", "id": "56e79ed037bdd419002c4269", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If located in Canada somewhere where DST is observed, a system running Vista might mishandle time stamps that are older than what year?", "id": "56e79ed037bdd419002c426a", "answers": [{"text": "1987", "answer_start": 497}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On a system running Windows older than Vista, locations in Canada observing DST would only reliably support time stamps from after what year?", "id": "56e79ed037bdd419002c426b", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 502}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As with zoneinfo, a user of Microsoft Windows configures DST by specifying the name of a location, and the operating system then consults a table of rule sets that must be updated when DST rules change. Procedures for specifying the name and updating the table vary with release. Updates are not issued for older versions of Microsoft Windows. Windows Vista supports at most two start and end rules per time zone setting. In a Canadian location observing DST, a single Vista setting supports both 1987\u20132006 and post-2006 time stamps, but mishandles some older time stamps. Older Microsoft Windows systems usually store only a single start and end rule for each zone, so that the same Canadian setting reliably supports only post-2006 time stamps."}], ["Western France, Spain, dan kawasan lain yang menyimpang zon waktu dan jam peralihan, dengan berkesan memerhatikan DST pada musim sejuk dengan tambahan jam pada musim panas. Nome, Alaska, berada pada jarak 165 \u00b0 24 'W, yang terletak di sebelah barat pusat Zon Waktu Samoa yang ideal (165 \u00b0 W), tetapi Nome memantau Masa Alaska (135 \u00b0 W) dengan DST, sehingga sedikit lebih tinggi daripada dua jam lebih awal dari matahari pada musim sejuk dan tiga pada musim panas. Masa penjimatan siang berganda telah digunakan pada suatu masa; contohnya, ia digunakan di sesetengah negara Eropah semasa dan tidak lama selepas Perang Dunia II apabila ia disebut sebagai \"Waktu Musim Panas Double\". Lihat Waktu Musim Panas London dan Waktu Midsummer Eropah Tengah untuk butirannya. <> Tempat-tempat seperti Sepanyol dan bahagian-bahagian Perancis berkesan pergi oleh DST pada musim sejuk tetapi menambah apa pada musim panas? || satu jam tambahan <> Pada musim panas di Nome, kira-kira berapa jam menjelang matahari mereka menetapkan jam mereka? || tiga <> istilah apa yang digunakan di Britain untuk menjimatkan masa double daylight? || Double Summer Time <> Apa nama ketiga untuk waktu penjimatan siang atau Double Summer Time yang digunakan di Eropah? || Masa Tengah Midsummer Eropah Tengah", {"qas": [{"question": "Places like Spain and parts of France effectively go by DST in the winter but add what in the summer?", "id": "56e7b1e900c9c71400d77503", "answers": [{"text": "an extra hour", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the summer in Nome, about how many hours ahead of the sun do they set their clocks?", "id": "56e7b1e900c9c71400d77505", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term was used in Britain for double daylight saving time?", "id": "56e7b1e900c9c71400d77506", "answers": [{"text": "Double Summer Time", "answer_start": 558}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's a third name for double daylight saving time or Double Summer Time used in Europe?", "id": "56e7b1e900c9c71400d77507", "answers": [{"text": "Central European Midsummer Time", "answer_start": 614}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Western France, Spain, and other areas skew time zones and shift clocks, in effect observing DST in winter with an extra hour in summer. Nome, Alaska, is at 165\u00b024\u2032 W longitude, which is just west of center of the idealized Samoa Time Zone (165\u00b0 W), but Nome observes Alaska Time (135\u00b0 W) with DST, so it is slightly more than two hours ahead of the sun in winter and three in summer. Double daylight saving time has been used on occasion; for example, it was used in some European countries during and shortly after World War II when it was referred to as \"Double Summer Time\". See British Double Summer Time and Central European Midsummer Time for details."}], ["Satu langkah untuk \"waktu penjimatan siang tetap\" (tinggal di waktu musim panas sepanjang tahun tanpa peralihan masa) kadang-kadang dianjurkan, dan sebenarnya telah dilaksanakan di beberapa bidang kuasa seperti Argentina, Chile, Iceland, Singapura, Uzbekistan dan Belarus. Peguambela memetik kelebihan yang sama seperti DST biasa tanpa masalah yang berkaitan dengan perubahan dua kali setahun. Walau bagaimanapun, ramai yang tidak yakin mengenai manfaatnya, memetik masalah yang sama dan sunrise yang agak lewat, terutamanya pada musim sejuk, yang melibatkan DST sepanjang tahun. Rusia bertukar kepada DST tetap dari tahun 2011 hingga 2014, tetapi langkah itu terbukti tidak popular kerana musim matahari terbenam pada musim sejuk, jadi negara itu bertukar secara kekal kembali ke masa \"standard\" atau \"musim sejuk\" pada tahun 2014. <> Frasa apa yang menjelaskan menjaga waktu musim panas yang diselaraskan sepanjang tahun? || Masa penjimatan siang kekal <> Pendokong DST tetap mengatakan ia mempunyai semua kelebihan DST biasa tanpa isu yang ada sesetengah orang dari apa yang berlaku setiap dua tahun? || peralihan masa <> Pada DST sepanjang tahun, akan matahari terbit berlaku awal atau lewat berbanding kebanyakan tempat? || terlambat <> Dalam tempoh masa apakah Rusia menggunakan DST tetap? || 2011 hingga 2014 <> Di mana musim di kawasan yang memerhatikan masa penjimatan siang tetap akan kekal gelap pada waktu pagi? || musim sejuk", {"qas": [{"question": "What phrase describes keeping adjusted summer hours year-round?", "id": "56e7adc800c9c71400d774cb", "answers": [{"text": "permanent daylight saving time", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Proponents of permanent DST say it has all the advantages of regular DST without the issues some people have from what bi-annual occurrences?", "id": "56e7adc800c9c71400d774cc", "answers": [{"text": "time shifts", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In year-round DST, would sunrise happen early or late compared to most places?", "id": "56e7adc800c9c71400d774cd", "answers": [{"text": "late", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what time period did Russia use permanent DST?", "id": "56e7adc800c9c71400d774ce", "answers": [{"text": "2011 to 2014", "answer_start": 563}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what season in areas observing permanent daylight saving time will it stay dark the latest in the morning?", "id": "56e7adc800c9c71400d774cf", "answers": [{"text": "winter", "answer_start": 488}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A move to \"permanent daylight saving time\" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated, and has in fact been implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Chile, Iceland, Singapore, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems associated with the twice yearly time shifts. However, many remain unconvinced of the benefits, citing the same problems and the relatively late sunrises, particularly in winter, that year-round DST entails. Russia switched to permanent DST from 2011 to 2014, but the move proved unpopular because of the late sunrises in winter, so the country switched permanently back to \"standard\" or \"winter\" time in 2014."}], ["Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Rusia dan kawasan-kawasan lain merosakkan zon masa ke arah barat, dengan berkesan memerhatikan DST sepanjang tahun tanpa komplikasi dari pergeseran jam. Sebagai contoh, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, berada pada jarak 106 \u00b0 39 'W, sedikit barat dari pusat Zon Masa Gunung yang ideal (105 \u00b0 W), tetapi masa di Saskatchewan adalah Waktu Standard Tengah (90 \u00b0 W) sepanjang tahun, jadi Saskatoon sentiasa kira-kira 67 minit lebih awal daripada waktu matahari yang bermakna, dengan begitu berkesan memerhatikan waktu penjimatan siang sepanjang tahun. Sebaliknya, timur laut India dan beberapa kawasan lain melambai zon waktu ke arah timur, dengan berkesan mengamati DST negatif. United Kingdom dan Ireland bereksperimen dengan DST sepanjang tahun dari 1968 hingga 1971 tetapi meninggalkannya kerana tidak popularnya, terutamanya di kawasan utara. <> Di manakah negara-negara seperti Rusia dan Argentina mengalihkan zon masa mereka yang boleh dipertimbangkan sepanjang tahun DST? || ke arah barat <> Berapa berapa minit Saskatoon, Saskatchewan tinggal di depan waktu matahari? || 67 <> Berapa kali Saskatoon memerhatikan sepanjang tahun? || Waktu Standard Utama <> Tempat-tempat seperti timur laut India yang mengalihkan zon masa ke timur dapat dianggap sebagai mengamati jenis DST? || DST negatif <> Berapa tahun Ireland dan UK menyerah percubaan DST mereka tetap? || 1971", {"qas": [{"question": "In which direction do countries like Russia and Argentina shift their time zones that could be considered all-year DST?", "id": "56e7b00300c9c71400d774e7", "answers": [{"text": "westward", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many minutes does Saskatoon, Saskatchewan stay ahead of mean solar time?", "id": "56e7b00300c9c71400d774e8", "answers": [{"text": "67", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What time does Saskatoon observe all year long?", "id": "56e7b00300c9c71400d774e9", "answers": [{"text": "Central Standard Time", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Places like northeast India that shift time zones to the east could be considered to be observing what kind of DST?", "id": "56e7b00300c9c71400d774ea", "answers": [{"text": "negative DST", "answer_start": 600}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Ireland and the UK give up on their permanent DST experiment?", "id": "56e7b00300c9c71400d774eb", "answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 691}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106\u00b039\u2032 W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105\u00b0 W), but the time in Saskatchewan is Central Standard Time (90\u00b0 W) year-round, so Saskatoon is always about 67 minutes ahead of mean solar time, thus effectively observing daylight saving time year-round. Conversely, northeast India and a few other areas skew time zones eastward, in effect observing negative DST. The United Kingdom and Ireland experimented with year-round DST from 1968 to 1971 but abandoned it because of its unpopularity, particularly in northern regions."}]], [["Institut Diraja British Arkitek (RIBA) adalah badan profesional untuk arkitek terutamanya di United Kingdom, tetapi juga di peringkat antarabangsa, yang ditubuhkan untuk kemajuan seni bina di bawah piagamnya yang diberikan pada tahun 1837 dan Piagam Tambahan yang diberikan pada tahun 1971. <> Apa yang berdiri RIBA untuk? || Institut Diraja British Architects <> Apa tujuan RIBA? || kemajuan seni bina <> Bilakah RIBA diasaskan? || 1837 <> Bilakah dokumen pengasas RIBA berkembang? || 1971 <> Di negara apa RIBA terutamanya beroperasi? || United Kingdom <> Apakah RIBA menentang? || <> Apa musuh RIBA? || <> Bilakah RIBA hilang? || <> Bilakah dokumen pengasas RIBA berkurangan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does RIBA stand for?", "id": "56e70a356fe0821900b8ec90", "answers": [{"text": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the goal of RIBA?", "id": "56e70a356fe0821900b8ec91", "answers": [{"text": "the advancement of architecture", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was RIBA founded?", "id": "56e70a356fe0821900b8ec92", "answers": [{"text": "1837", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was RIBA's founding document expanded?", "id": "56e70a356fe0821900b8ec93", "answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what country does RIBA mainly operate?", "id": "56e70a356fe0821900b8ec94", "answers": [{"text": "United Kingdom", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Royal Institute of British Architects", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What does RIBA stand against?", "id": "5a7881bbb73996001af5a6a5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the advancement of architecture", "answer_start": 158}], "question": "What is the enemy of RIBA?", "id": "5a7881bbb73996001af5a6a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1837", "answer_start": 219}], "question": "When was RIBA lost?", "id": "5a7881bbb73996001af5a6a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 260}], "question": "When was RIBA's founding document decreased?", "id": "5a7881bbb73996001af5a6a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971."}], ["Rangka kerja operasi disediakan oleh Byelaws, yang lebih kerap diperbaharui daripada Piagam. Sebarang semakan kepada Piagam atau Abjad memerlukan kelulusan Majlis Privy. <> Apa yang menetapkan piawaian di mana Royal Institute berfungsi? || The Byelaws <> Apakah garis panduan untuk Royal Institut dikemas kini paling kerap? || The Byelaws <> Apa yang diperlukan untuk membuat sebarang perubahan kepada dokumen yang mengawal operasi Royal Institute? || kelulusan Majlis Privy <> Apa yang menghapus piawaian di mana Royal Institute berfungsi? || <> Apakah garis panduan untuk Royal Institut dikemas kini paling kerap? || <> Apa yang tidak perlu untuk membuat apa-apa perubahan kepada mana-mana dokumen yang mengawal operasi Royal Institute? || <> Apa yang dikemas kini lebih daripada Theelaws? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What sets forth the standards by which the Royal Institute functions?", "id": "56e70ef5de9d37140006813e", "answers": [{"text": "the Byelaws", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What guidelines for the Royal Institute are updated most often?", "id": "56e70ef5de9d37140006813f", "answers": [{"text": "the Byelaws", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is necessary to make any changes to either document which governs the operations of the Royal Institute?", "id": "56e70ef5de9d371400068140", "answers": [{"text": "the Privy Council's approval", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Byelaws", "answer_start": 41}], "question": "What removed the standards by which the Royal Institute functions?", "id": "5a7883bfb73996001af5a704", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Byelaws", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "What guidelines for the Royal Institute are updated least often?", "id": "5a7883bfb73996001af5a705", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Privy Council's approval", "answer_start": 154}], "question": "What is never necessary to make any changes to either document which governs the operations of the Royal Institute?", "id": "5a7883bfb73996001af5a706", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Charter", "answer_start": 93}], "question": "What is updated more than the Byelaws?", "id": "5a7883bfb73996001af5a707", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The operational framework is provided by the Byelaws, which are more frequently updated than the Charter. Any revisions to the Charter or Byelaws require the Privy Council's approval. "}], ["Selepas pemberian piagam diraja ia telah dikenali sebagai Institut Diraja British Arkitek di London, akhirnya menjatuhkan rujukan ke London pada tahun 1892. Pada tahun 1934, ia pindah ke ibu pejabat semasa di Portland Place, dengan bangunan yang dibuka oleh Raja George V dan Queen Mary. <> Apa yang menyebabkan perubahan nama Institut? || pemberian piagam kerajaan <> Apa yang telah dikeluarkan dari nama Institut Diraja? || rujukan ke London <> Bilakah menyebut London dibuang dari nama Royal Institute? || 1892 <> Di mana Royal Institute of British Architects terletak? || Portland Place <> Siapa yang membuka struktur di mana Royal Institute kini ditempatkan? || Raja George V dan Queen Mary <> Apa yang menyebabkan nama Institut tidak berubah? || <> Apa yang telah ditambah kepada nama Royal Institute? || <> Bilakah menyebut London termasuk dalam nama Royal Institute? || <> Siapa yang membuka struktur di mana Royal Institute pernah ditempatkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What caused the change of the Institute's name?", "id": "56e70b3d6fe0821900b8eca2", "answers": [{"text": "the grant of the royal charter", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was removed from the Royal Institute's name?", "id": "56e70b3d6fe0821900b8eca3", "answers": [{"text": "the reference to London", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the mention of London removed from the Royal Institute's name?", "id": "56e70b3d6fe0821900b8eca4", "answers": [{"text": "1892", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Royal Institute of British Architects located?", "id": "56e70b3d6fe0821900b8eca5", "answers": [{"text": "Portland Place", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who opened the structure in which the Royal Institute is currently housed?", "id": "56e70b3d6fe0821900b8eca6", "answers": [{"text": "King George V and Queen Mary", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the grant of the royal charter", "answer_start": 6}], "question": "What caused the Institute's name to not change?", "id": "5a788290b73996001af5a6d0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the reference to London", "answer_start": 133}], "question": "What was added to the Royal Institute's name?", "id": "5a788290b73996001af5a6d1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1892", "answer_start": 160}], "question": "When was the mention of London included in the Royal Institute's name?", "id": "5a788290b73996001af5a6d2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "King George V and Queen Mary", "answer_start": 265}], "question": "Who opened the structure in which the Royal Institute is formerly housed?", "id": "5a788290b73996001af5a6d3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892. In 1934, it moved to its current headquarters on Portland Place, with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary."}], ["Tidak lama selepas berlakunya Akta 1931, dalam buku yang diterbitkan sempena perayaan centenary Institut pada tahun 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Pengerusi Jawatankuasa Pendaftaran, menyebut bahawa ARCUK tidak boleh menjadi saingan mana-mana persatuan seni bina, paling kurang semua RIBA, berdasarkan cara ARCUK dibentuk. Barnes mengulas bahawa tujuan Akta tidak melindungi profesion seni bina, dan kepentingan sah profesion terbaik dilayani oleh persatuan seni bina (kemudian) di mana kira-kira 80 peratus daripada mereka yang senibina amalan didapati. <> Bilakah Institut Diraja merayakan ulang tahun ke-100nya? || 1934 <> Siapa ketua Jawatankuasa Pendaftaran pada tahun 1934? || Harry Barnes <> Pada tahun 1934, berapa peratus daripada arkitek adalah ahli organisasi profesional? || 80 peratus <> Siapa yang percaya Barnes mampu memajukan kepentingan arsitek? || persatuan seni bina <> Institusi tertentu apa yang Barnes menunjukkan tidak boleh menjadi saingan Institut Diraja? || ARCUK <> Bilakah Institut Diraja merayakan ulang tahun ke-200nya? || <> Siapa ketua Jawatankuasa Pendaftaran selepas tahun 1934? || <> Apa yang dipercayai Barnes sekurang-kurangnya mampu memajukan kepentingan arkitek? || <> Institusi tertentu apa yang Barnes menunjukkan boleh menjadi saingan Institut Diraja? || <> Tahun berapa Institut merayakan perayaan centenary ketiga? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Royal Institute celebrate its 100th anniversary?", "id": "56e71f6a37bdd419002c3d63", "answers": [{"text": "1934", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the head of the Registration Committee in 1934?", "id": "56e71f6a37bdd419002c3d64", "answers": [{"text": "Harry Barnes", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1934, what percentage of architects were members of professional organizations?", "id": "56e71f6a37bdd419002c3d65", "answers": [{"text": "80 per cent", "answer_start": 538}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Barnes believe was best able to advance the interests of architects?", "id": "56e71f6a37bdd419002c3d66", "answers": [{"text": "architectural associations", "answer_start": 497}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What specific institution did Barnes indicate could not be a rival of the Royal Institute?", "id": "56e71f6a37bdd419002c3d67", "answers": [{"text": "ARCUK", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1934", "answer_start": 122}], "question": "When did the Royal Institute celebrate its 200th anniversary?", "id": "5a78869bb73996001af5a7a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Harry Barnes", "answer_start": 128}], "question": "Who was the head of the Registration Committee after 1934?", "id": "5a78869bb73996001af5a7a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "architectural associations", "answer_start": 497}], "question": "What did Barnes believe was least able to advance the interests of architects?", "id": "5a78869bb73996001af5a7a9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ARCUK", "answer_start": 302}], "question": "What specific institution did Barnes indicate could become a rival of the Royal Institute?", "id": "5a78869bb73996001af5a7aa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1934", "answer_start": 122}], "question": "What year did the Institute celebrate the third centenary celebration?", "id": "5a78869bb73996001af5a7ab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constituted. Barnes commented that the Act's purpose was not protecting the architectural profession, and that the legitimate interests of the profession were best served by the (then) architectural associations in which some 80 per cent of those practising architecture were to be found."}], ["Piagam asal 1837 menyatakan tujuan Institut Diraja untuk menjadi: '... kemajuan umum Senibina Sivil, dan untuk mempromosikan dan memudahkan penguasaan pengetahuan pelbagai seni dan sains yang berkaitan dengannya ...' <> Apakah matlamat utama Institut Diraja? || kemajuan umum Senibina Sivil <> Dokumen apa yang dicadangkan matlamat Royal Institute? || Piagam asal 1837 <> Apakah Institut Diraja yang bertanggungjawab untuk melakukan pembangunan terhadap pengetahuan yang berkaitan dengan seni bina? || mempromosikan dan memudahkan <> Apa tujuan sekunder Institut Diraja? || <> Dokumen apa yang membentangkan sekatan-sekatan Royal Institute? || <> Apakah Institut Diraja yang tidak bertanggungjawab untuk melakukan pembangunan terhadap pengetahuan yang berkaitan dengan seni bina? || <> Carter mana yang tidak digunakan pada tahun 1837? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the central aim of the Royal Institute?", "id": "56e70db4de9d371400068138", "answers": [{"text": "the general advancement of Civil Architecture", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What document set forth the goals of the Royal Institute?", "id": "56e70db4de9d371400068139", "answers": [{"text": "The original Charter of 1837", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Royal Institute responsible for doing with regards to the development of knowledge related to architecture?", "id": "56e70db4de9d37140006813a", "answers": [{"text": "promoting and facilitating", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the general advancement of Civil Architecture", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "What was the secondary aim of the Royal Institute?", "id": "5a788352b73996001af5a6fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The original Charter of 1837", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What document set forth the restrictions of the Royal Institute?", "id": "5a788352b73996001af5a6fd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "promoting and facilitating", "answer_start": 137}], "question": "What was the Royal Institute not responsible for doing with regards to the development of knowledge related to architecture?", "id": "5a788352b73996001af5a6fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The original", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Which charter was not used in 1837?", "id": "5a788352b73996001af5a6ff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The original Charter of 1837 set out the purpose of the Royal Institute to be: '\u2026 the general advancement of Civil Architecture, and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith\u2026'"}], ["Pada mulanya dinamakan Institut British Architects di London, ia dibentuk pada tahun 1834 oleh beberapa arkitek terkemuka, termasuk Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, dan Thomas de Grey, Earl de 2 Kelabu. <> Apa nama pertama Riba? || Institut Arkitek British di London <> Pada tahun berapa Institut British Architects diasaskan? || 1834 <> Di mana bandar terdapat Institut British Architects? || London <> Dari segi profesion, apakah orang-orang seperti Philip Hardwick, William Adams Nicholson dan Thomas de Grey? || Arkitek <> Apakah nama dilarang Riba? || <> Apa bandar yang dipindahkan ke Institut British Architects? || <> Berapa tahun Institut British Architects dikeluarkan? || <> Profesion apakah yang dilakukan orang seperti Philip Hardwick, William Adams Nicholson dan Thomas de Grey? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Riba's first name?", "id": "56e70aba6fe0821900b8ec9a", "answers": [{"text": "Institute of British Architects in London", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the Institute of British Architects founded?", "id": "56e70aba6fe0821900b8ec9b", "answers": [{"text": "1834", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city was the Institute of British Architects located?", "id": "56e70aba6fe0821900b8ec9c", "answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In terms of profession, what were people like Philip Hardwick, William Adams Nicholson and Thomas de Grey?", "id": "56e70aba6fe0821900b8ec9d", "answers": [{"text": "Architects", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Institute of British Architects in London", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "What was Riba's banned name?", "id": "5a78822bb73996001af5a6b5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 56}], "question": "What city was the Institute of British Architects moved to?", "id": "5a78822bb73996001af5a6b6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1834", "answer_start": 81}], "question": "What year was the Institute of British Architects removed?", "id": "5a78822bb73996001af5a6b7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Architects", "answer_start": 42}], "question": "What profession did people like Philip Hardwick, William Adams Nicholson and Thomas de Grey avoid?", "id": "5a78822bb73996001af5a6b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey."}], ["Ia telah diberikan Piagam Diraja pada tahun 1837 di bawah Raja William IV. Piagam Tambahan 1887, 1909 dan 1925 digantikan oleh Piagam tunggal pada tahun 1971, dan terdapat pindaan minor sejak itu. <> Bilakah Royal Institut menerima piagamnya? || 1837 <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab memberikan piagam kepada Royal Institute? || Raja William IV <> Dalam berapa tahun Institut Diraja mengeluarkan pensyarah tambahan? || 1887, 1909 dan 1925 <> Bilakah pelbagai carta tambahan disatukan? || 1971 <> Apa istilah yang menyerupai sifat perubahan dalam piagam selepas tahun 1971? || pindaan kecil <> Bilakah Royal Institut kehilangan piagamnya? || <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab untuk mengambil piagam dari Royal Institute? || <> Berapa tahun Institut Royal tidak mengeluarkan pensyarah tambahan? || <> Bilakah pelbagai carta tambahan meningkat? || <> Apa istilah yang menyerupai sifat perubahan dalam piagam sebelum tahun 1971? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Royal Institute receive its charter?", "id": "56e70bfcde9d371400068124", "answers": [{"text": "1837", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was responsible for giving the charter to the Royal Institute?", "id": "56e70bfcde9d371400068125", "answers": [{"text": "King William IV", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what years was the Royal Institute issued supplemental charters?", "id": "56e70bfcde9d371400068126", "answers": [{"text": "1887, 1909 and 1925", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the various supplemental charters consolidated?", "id": "56e70bfcde9d371400068127", "answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term characterizes the nature of changes to the charter after 1971?", "id": "56e70bfcde9d371400068128", "answers": [{"text": "minor amendments", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1837", "answer_start": 36}], "question": "When did the Royal Institute lose its charter?", "id": "5a7882f2b73996001af5a6e0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "King William IV", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "Who was responsible for taking the charter from the Royal Institute?", "id": "5a7882f2b73996001af5a6e1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1887, 1909 and 1925", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "What years was the Royal Institute issued no supplemental charters?", "id": "5a7882f2b73996001af5a6e2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 146}], "question": "When were the various supplemental charters increased?", "id": "5a7882f2b73996001af5a6e3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "minor amendments", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "What term characterizes the nature of changes to the charter before 1971?", "id": "5a7882f2b73996001af5a6e4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then."}], ["Panduan RIBA ke Arkib dan Sejarahnya (1986) mempunyai seksyen mengenai \"Statutory registration of architects\" dengan bibliografi yang diperluaskan dari draf rang undang-undang tahun 1887 hingga tahun 1969. Bahagian Panduan mengenai \"Pendidikan\" merekodkan penubuhan pada tahun 1904 dari Lembaga Pendidikan Senibina RIBA, dan sistem oleh mana mana-mana sekolah yang memohon pengiktirafan, sukatan pelajarannya telah diluluskan oleh Lembaga dan pemeriksaannya dijalankan oleh pemeriksa luar yang diluluskan, dan standard pencapaiannya dijamin oleh pemeriksaan berkala oleh \"Lembaga Pelawat\" dari BAE, boleh ditempatkan dalam senarai \"sekolah yang diiktiraf\" dan pelajar yang berjaya dapat memenuhi syarat untuk pengecualian dari peperiksaan RIBA. <> Bilakah Panduan Royal Institute menunjukkan bahawa Lembaga RIBA pertama ditubuhkan? || 1904 <> Dokumen sekolah apa yang harus memenuhi piawaian Lembaga untuk kemasukan? || sukatan pelajaran <> Apa yang diperlukan untuk ujian di sekolah yang memohon kepada Lembaga RIBA? || pemeriksa luar diluluskan <> Badan apa yang menjalankan pemeriksaan di tapak sekolah anggota Lembaga RIBA? || Papan Pelawat <> Bilakah Panduan Royal Institute menunjukkan lembaga RIBA yang terakhir ditubuhkan? || <> Dokumen sekolah apakah yang tidak mempunyai kesan terhadap piawaian Lembaga untuk kemasukan? || <> Apa yang tidak perlu untuk ujian di sekolah yang memohon kepada Lembaga RIBA? || <> Badan apa yang menjalankan pemeriksaan di luar tapak sekolah ahli Lembaga RIBA? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When does the Royal Institute's Guide indicate the first RIBA Board was established?", "id": "56e721ae37bdd419002c3d81", "answers": [{"text": "1904", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What school document had to meet the standards of the Board for admittance?", "id": "56e721ae37bdd419002c3d82", "answers": [{"text": "syllabus", "answer_start": 365}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was necessary for testing in schools applying to the RIBA Board?", "id": "56e721ae37bdd419002c3d83", "answers": [{"text": "an approved external examiner", "answer_start": 441}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body carried out on-site inspection of member schools of the RIBA Board?", "id": "56e721ae37bdd419002c3d84", "answers": [{"text": "Visiting Board", "answer_start": 552}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1904", "answer_start": 242}], "question": "When does the Royal Institute's Guide indicate the last RIBA Board was established?", "id": "5a78872bb73996001af5a7c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "syllabus", "answer_start": 365}], "question": "What school document had no impact on the standards of the Board for admittance?", "id": "5a78872bb73996001af5a7c9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "an approved external examiner", "answer_start": 441}], "question": "What was unnecessary for testing in schools applying to the RIBA Board?", "id": "5a78872bb73996001af5a7ca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Visiting Board", "answer_start": 552}], "question": "What body carried out off-site inspection of member schools of the RIBA Board?", "id": "5a78872bb73996001af5a7cb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (1986) has a section on the \"Statutory registration of architects\" with a bibliography extending from a draft bill of 1887 to one of 1969. The Guide's section on \"Education\" records the setting up in 1904 of the RIBA Board of Architectural Education, and the system by which any school which applied for recognition, whose syllabus was approved by the Board and whose examinations were conducted by an approved external examiner, and whose standard of attainment was guaranteed by periodical inspections by a \"Visiting Board\" from the BAE, could be placed on the list of \"recognized schools\" and its successful students could qualify for exemption from RIBA examinations."}], ["Reka bentuk medali singa Mycenean Institute dan motto 'Usui civium, decori urbium' telah dikaitkan dengan Thomas Leverton Donaldson, yang telah menjadi setiausaha kehormat hingga 1839. Panduan RIBA kepada Arkib dan Sejarah (Angela Mace, 1986) mencatatkan bahawa versi rasmi pertama lencana ini digunakan sebagai bookplate untuk perpustakaan dan penerbitan Institut dari tahun 1835 hingga 1891, ketika ia telah diresmikan oleh JHMetcalfe. Ia semula direka semula pada tahun 1931 oleh Eric Gill dan pada tahun 1960 oleh Joan Hassall. Keterangan dalam undang-undang kecil tahun 1837 ialah: \"gules, dua singa yang berjaga-jaga berleluasa atau, menyokong lajur bertanda garis chevron, tepat, semua berdiri di atas pangkalan yang sama; sebuah garter yang mengelilingi keseluruhan dengan tulisan Institut British Architects , anno salutis MDCCCXXXIV; di atas mahkota mural yang betul, dan di bawah moto Usui civium decori urbium \". <> Apakah frasa Latin pertama yang digunakan oleh Royal Institute? || Usui civium decori urbium <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab untuk penggunaan 'usui civium decori urbium'? || Thomas Leverton Donaldson <> Apakah peranan Donaldson dalam Royal Institute? || Setiausaha Kehormat <> Siapa yang mengerjakan semula medali desgin Royal Institute pada tahun 1931? || Eric Gill <> Bilakah Joan Hassall mengubah reka bentuk pingat Royal Institute? || 1960 <> Apakah frasa Latin yang terakhir digunakan oleh Royal Institute? || <> Siapa yang tidak bertanggungjawab untuk penggunaan 'usui civium decori urbium'? || <> Apa peranan Donaldson di luar Royal Institute? || <> Siapa yang meninggalkan reka bentuk pingat Royal Institute tidak berubah pada tahun 1931? || <> Bilakah Joan Hassall memperoleh pingat Royal Institute? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the first Latin phrase used by the Royal Institute?", "id": "56e70fe037bdd419002c3d0b", "answers": [{"text": "Usui civium decori urbium", "answer_start": 836}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is responsible for the use of 'usui civium decori urbium'?", "id": "56e70fe037bdd419002c3d0c", "answers": [{"text": "Thomas Leverton Donaldson", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Donaldson's role within the Royal Institute?", "id": "56e70fe037bdd419002c3d0d", "answers": [{"text": "honorary secretary", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who reworked the Royal Institute's medal desgin in 1931?", "id": "56e70fe037bdd419002c3d0e", "answers": [{"text": "Eric Gill", "answer_start": 466}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Joan Hassall redesign the Royal Institute's medal?", "id": "56e70fe037bdd419002c3d0f", "answers": [{"text": "1960", "answer_start": 483}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Usui civium, decori urbium", "answer_start": 66}], "question": "What was the last Latin phrase used by the Royal Institute?", "id": "5a788435b73996001af5a720", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Thomas Leverton Donaldson", "answer_start": 117}], "question": "Who is not responsible for the use of 'usui civium decori urbium'?", "id": "5a788435b73996001af5a721", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "honorary secretary", "answer_start": 157}], "question": "What was Donaldson's role outside the Royal Institute?", "id": "5a788435b73996001af5a722", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Eric Gill", "answer_start": 466}], "question": "Who left the Royal Institute's medal design unchanged in 1931?", "id": "5a788435b73996001af5a723", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1960", "answer_start": 483}], "question": "When did Joan Hassall acquire the Royal Institute's medal?", "id": "5a788435b73996001af5a724", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto \u2018Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a bookplate for the Institute's library and publications from 1835 to 1891, when it was redesigned by J.H.Metcalfe. It was again redesigned in 1931 by Eric Gill and in 1960 by Joan Hassall. The description in the 1837 by-laws was: \"gules, two lions rampant guardant or, supporting a column marked with lines chevron, proper, all standing on a base of the same; a garter surrounding the whole with the inscription Institute of British Architects, anno salutis MDCCCXXXIV; above a mural crown proper, and beneath the motto Usui civium decori urbium \"."}], ["Pada abad kesembilan belas dan kedua puluh, RIBA dan ahli-ahlinya mempunyai bahagian penting dalam mempromosikan pendidikan seni bina di United Kingdom, termasuk penubuhan Majlis Pendaftaran Arkitek United Kingdom (ARCUK) dan Lembaga Pendidikan Senibina di bawah Akta Arkitek (Pendaftaran), 1931 hingga 1938. Seorang ahli RIBA, Lionel Bailey Budden, kemudian Profesor Madya di Sekolah Seni Bina Universiti Liverpool, telah menyumbangkan artikel mengenai Pendidikan Senibina yang diterbitkan dalam edisi keempat belas Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica (1929) . Sekolahnya, Liverpool, adalah salah satu daripada dua puluh sekolah yang dinamakan untuk tujuan membentuk Lembaga Undang-undang Pendidikan Senibina apabila Akta 1931 diluluskan. <> Organisasi apa yang Royal Institut berperanan dalam mewujudkan? || Majlis Pendaftaran Arkitek United Kingdom <> Perkara-perkara undang-undang yang mana Royal Institute memainkan peranan yang besar dalam mempromosikan? || Lembaga Pendidikan Senibina di bawah Akta Arkitek (Pendaftaran), 1931 hingga 1938 <> Di mana Lional Bailey Budden mengajar? || the Liverpool University School of Architecture <> Apa ringkasan utama Budden membantu menulis artikel untuk? || Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica <> Berapa banyak sekolah membentuk Lembaga Pendidikan Senibina? || dua puluh <> organisasi apa yang Royal Institut gagal dalam mewujudkan? || <> Perkara-perkara undang-undang yang dilakukan oleh Royal Institute memainkan peranan kecil dalam mempromosikan? || <> Di mana kajian Lional Bailey Budden? || <> Apa ringkasan kecil Budden membantu membaca artikel untuk? || <> Berapa banyak sekolah tidak membentuk Lembaga Pendidikan Senibina? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What organization was the Royal Institute instrumental in establishing?", "id": "56e7117637bdd419002c3d15", "answers": [{"text": "the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which items of legislation did the Royal Institute play a large role in promoting?", "id": "56e7117637bdd419002c3d16", "answers": [{"text": "the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Lional Bailey Budden teach?", "id": "56e7117637bdd419002c3d17", "answers": [{"text": "the Liverpool University School of Architecture", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What major compendium did Budden help write an article for?", "id": "56e7117637bdd419002c3d18", "answers": [{"text": "Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica", "answer_start": 567}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many schools formed the Board of Architectural Education?", "id": "56e7117637bdd419002c3d19", "answers": [{"text": "twenty", "answer_start": 637}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom", "answer_start": 184}], "question": "What organization was the Royal Institute unsuccessful in establishing?", "id": "5a788597b73996001af5a76d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938", "answer_start": 255}], "question": "Which items of legislation did the Royal Institute play a small role in promoting?", "id": "5a788597b73996001af5a76e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Liverpool University School of Architecture", "answer_start": 424}], "question": "Where did Lional Bailey Budden study?", "id": "5a788597b73996001af5a76f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica", "answer_start": 567}], "question": "What minor compendium did Budden help read an article for?", "id": "5a788597b73996001af5a770", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "twenty", "answer_start": 637}], "question": "How many schools did not form the Board of Architectural Education?", "id": "5a788597b73996001af5a771", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938. A member of the RIBA, Lionel Bailey Budden, then Associate Professor in the Liverpool University School of Architecture, had contributed the article on Architectural Education published in the fourteenth edition of the Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica (1929). His School, Liverpool, was one of the twenty schools named for the purpose of constituting the statutory Board of Architectural Education when the 1931 Act was passed."}], ["Institut ini juga memelihara sedozen pejabat serantau di seluruh United Kingdom, ia membuka pejabat serantau yang pertama untuk Timur England di Cambridge pada tahun 1966. Berapa banyak pejabat satelit yang dijalankan Royal Institute di UK? || selusin <> Kapan pejabat satelit pertama RIBA dibuka? || 1966 <> Di mana bandar cawangan RIBA pertama dibuka? || Cambridge <> Wilayah apa yang melindungi pejabat cawangan Cambridge RIBA? || Timur England <> Berapa banyak pejabat satelit yang tidak dijalani Royal Institute di UK? || <> Bilakah pejabat satelit RIBA yang terakhir dibuka? || <> Kota mana yang menjadi pejabat cawangan RIBA yang pertama ditutup? || <> Wilayah apa yang dihindari pejabat cawangan Cambridge RIBA? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many satellite offices does the Royal Institute run in the UK?", "id": "56e7498e00c9c71400d76f49", "answers": [{"text": "a dozen", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was RIBA's first satellite office opened?", "id": "56e7498e00c9c71400d76f4a", "answers": [{"text": "1966", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city was the first RIBA branch office opened?", "id": "56e7498e00c9c71400d76f4b", "answers": [{"text": "Cambridge", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What territory did RIBA's Cambridge branch office cover?", "id": "56e7498e00c9c71400d76f4c", "answers": [{"text": "the East of England", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a dozen", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "How many satellite offices does the Royal Institute no longer run in the UK?", "id": "5a78be3db73996001af5b01f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1966", "answer_start": 157}], "question": "When was RIBA's last satellite office opened?", "id": "5a78be3db73996001af5b020", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cambridge", "answer_start": 144}], "question": "What city was the first RIBA branch office closed?", "id": "5a78be3db73996001af5b021", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the East of England", "answer_start": 121}], "question": "What territory did RIBA's Cambridge branch office avoid?", "id": "5a78be3db73996001af5b022", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Institute also maintains a dozen regional offices around the United Kingdom, it opened its first regional office for the East of England at Cambridge in 1966."}], ["Keadaan perpustakaan yang penuh sesak adalah salah satu sebab mengapa RIBA berpindah dari 9 Conduit Street ke premis yang lebih besar di 66 Tempat Portland pada tahun 1934. Perpustakaan ini terus dibuka sepanjang Perang Dunia Kedua dan mampu melindungi arkib arkitek Modernist Adolf Loos semasa perang. <> Apakah alamat pertama Perpustakaan RIBA? || 9 Conduit Street <> Di mana RIBA memindahkan perpustakaannya? || 66 Portland Place <> Pada tahun berapa RIBA memindahkan perpustakaannya? || 1934 <> Kerja arsitek mana yang dipelihara sepanjang Perang Dunia II oleh Perpustakaan Royal Institute? || Adolf Loos <> Apakah alamat keempat Perpustakaan RIBA? || <> Di mana RIBA menamakan perpustakaannya? || <> Tahun apa RIBA mereka bentuk perpustakaannya? || <> Kerja arkitek mana yang hilang semasa Perang Dunia II oleh Perpustakaan Institut Diraja? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the RIBA Library's first address?", "id": "56e75cd337bdd419002c3eeb", "answers": [{"text": "9 Conduit Street", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did RIBA move its library?", "id": "56e75cd337bdd419002c3eec", "answers": [{"text": "66 Portland Place", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did RIBA move its library?", "id": "56e75cd337bdd419002c3eed", "answers": [{"text": "1934", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which architect's work was preserved throughout World War II by the Royal Institute's Library?", "id": "56e75cd337bdd419002c3eee", "answers": [{"text": "Adolf Loos", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "9 Conduit Street", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "What was the RIBA Library's fourth address?", "id": "5a78c11bb73996001af5b08e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "66 Portland Place", "answer_start": 128}], "question": "Where did RIBA name its library?", "id": "5a78c11bb73996001af5b08f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1934", "answer_start": 149}], "question": "What year did RIBA design its library?", "id": "5a78c11bb73996001af5b090", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Adolf Loos", "answer_start": 266}], "question": "Which architect's work was lost during World War II by the Royal Institute's Library?", "id": "5a78c11bb73996001af5b091", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The overcrowded conditions of the library was one of the reasons why the RIBA moved from 9 Conduit Street to larger premises at 66 Portland Place in 1934. The library remained open throughout World War Two and was able to shelter the archives of Modernist architect Adolf Loos during the war."}], ["Perkhidmatannya termasuk RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, dan RIBA Publishing. Ia menerbitkan Pemilih Produk RIBA dan Jurnal RIBA. Di Newcastle adalah NBS, Spesifikasi Bangunan Nasional, yang mempunyai 130 kakitangan dan berkaitan dengan peraturan bangunan dan Perkhidmatan Maklumat Pembinaan. Kedai Buku RIBA, yang beroperasi dalam talian dan di 66 Portland Place, juga merupakan sebahagian daripada RIBA Enterprises. <> Apakah tiga bahagian RIBA Enterprises? || RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, dan RIBA Publishing <> Apakah dua penerbitan yang dihasilkan oleh RIBA Publishing? || Pemilih Produk RIBA dan RIBA Journal <> Apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh NBS? || Spesifikasi Bangunan Kebangsaan <> Berapa ramai orang yang bekerja untuk NBS? || 130 <> Di mana NBS terletak? || Newcastle <> Apakah tiga bahagian yang tidak terlibat dengan RIBA Enterprises? || <> Berapa ramai orang yang menyokong NBS? || <> Di mana NBS diharamkan? || <> Apakah dua penerbitan yang dielakkan oleh RIBA Publishing? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are three divisions of RIBA Enterprises?", "id": "56e7521e00c9c71400d76fb2", "answers": [{"text": "RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, and RIBA Publishing", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two publications produced by RIBA Publishing?", "id": "56e7521e00c9c71400d76fb3", "answers": [{"text": "RIBA Product Selector and RIBA Journal", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does NBS stand for?", "id": "56e7521e00c9c71400d76fb4", "answers": [{"text": "National Building Specification", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people work for the NBS?", "id": "56e7521e00c9c71400d76fb5", "answers": [{"text": "130", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the NBS located?", "id": "56e7521e00c9c71400d76fb6", "answers": [{"text": "Newcastle", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, and RIBA Publishing", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "What are three divisions not involved with RIBA Enterprises?", "id": "5a78bfa3b73996001af5b043", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "130", "answer_start": 204}], "question": "How many people support the NBS?", "id": "5a78bfa3b73996001af5b044", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Newcastle", "answer_start": 135}], "question": "Where is the NBS banned?", "id": "5a78bfa3b73996001af5b045", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "RIBA Product Selector and RIBA Journal", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "What are two publications avoided by RIBA Publishing?", "id": "5a78bfa3b73996001af5b046", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Its services include RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, and RIBA Publishing. It publishes the RIBA Product Selector and RIBA Journal. In Newcastle is the NBS, the National Building Specification, which has 130 staff and deals with the building regulations and the Construction Information Service. RIBA Bookshops, which operates online and at 66 Portland Place, is also part of RIBA Enterprises."}], ["RIBA Enterprises adalah cabang perdagangan RIBA, dengan pejabat berdaftar di Newcastle upon Tyne, pangkalan di 15 Bonhill Street di London, dan sebuah pejabat di Newark. Ia menggunakan lebih daripada 250 kakitangan, kira-kira 180 daripadanya berpangkalan di Newcastle. <> Apakah nama operasi perniagaan Royal Institut? || RIBA Enterprises <> Di mana kumpulan perniagaan RIBA mempunyai pejabat ibu pejabatnya? || 15 Bonhill Street di London <> Berapa ramai yang bekerja untuk RIBA Enterprises? || lebih dari 250 <> Berapa banyak kakitangan RIBA Enterprises terletak di pejabat Newcastle? || 180 <> Apa nama operasi akademik Royal Institut? || <> Di mana kumpulan perniagaan RIBA menyembunyikan kantor pusatnya? || <> Berapa ramai orang berhenti bekerja untuk RIBA Enterprises? || <> Berapa ramai kakitangan RIBA Enterprises tidak berada di pejabat Newcastle? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the Royal Institute's business operation?", "id": "56e74a5c37bdd419002c3e15", "answers": [{"text": "RIBA Enterprises", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does RIBA's business group have its headquarters office?", "id": "56e74a5c37bdd419002c3e16", "answers": [{"text": "15 Bonhill Street in London", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people work for RIBA Enterprises?", "id": "56e74a5c37bdd419002c3e18", "answers": [{"text": "over 250", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of RIBA Enterprises' staff are located at the Newcastle office?", "id": "56e74a5c37bdd419002c3e19", "answers": [{"text": "180", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "RIBA Enterprises", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is the name of the Royal Institute's academic operation?", "id": "5a78bef6b73996001af5b027", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "15 Bonhill Street in London", "answer_start": 107}], "question": "Where does RIBA's business group hide its headquarters office?", "id": "5a78bef6b73996001af5b028", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "over 250", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "How many people quit working for RIBA Enterprises?", "id": "5a78bef6b73996001af5b029", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "180", "answer_start": 202}], "question": "How many of RIBA Enterprises' staff are not located at the Newcastle office?", "id": "5a78bef6b73996001af5b02a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "RIBA Enterprises is the commercial arm of RIBA, with a registered office in Newcastle upon Tyne, a base at 15 Bonhill Street in London, and an office in Newark. It employs over 250 staff, approximately 180 of whom are based in Newcastle."}], ["Papan Pelawat RIBA terus menilai kursus untuk pengecualian daripada peperiksaan RIBA dalam seni bina. Di bawah peraturan yang dibuat pada tahun 2011, kriteria pengesahan dipegang bersama oleh RIBA dan Lembaga Pendaftaran Arkitek, tetapi tidak seperti ARB, RIBA juga mengesahkan kursus di luar UK. <> Apakah fungsi Dewan Pelawat Royal Institute? || untuk menilai kursus untuk pengecualian dari peperiksaan RIBA dalam seni bina <> Bilakah Institut Diraja dan ARB mencapai kesepakatan pada satu badan kriteria bersama? || 2011 <> Apakah ARB berdiri? || Arkitek Lembaga Pendaftaran <> Apakah perbezaan utama antara ARB dan Institut Diraja? || RIBA juga mengesahkan kursus di luar UK <> Apa lagi fungsi Dewan Pelawat Royal Institute? || <> Bilakah Institut Diraja dan ARB mencapai kesepakatan pada satu badan kriteria yang bercanggah? || <> Apakah ARB tidak lagi berdiri? || <> Apakah persamaan utama antara ARB dan Institut Diraja? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the function of the Royal Institute's Visiting Boards?", "id": "56e7248d37bdd419002c3da9", "answers": [{"text": "to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Royal Institute and ARB reach accord on a shared body of criteria?", "id": "56e7248d37bdd419002c3daa", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does ARB stand for?", "id": "56e7248d37bdd419002c3dab", "answers": [{"text": "Architects Registration Board", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a key difference between the ARB and Royal Institute?", "id": "56e7248d37bdd419002c3dac", "answers": [{"text": "RIBA also validates courses outside the UK", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture", "answer_start": 30}], "question": "What is no longer the function of the Royal Institute's Visiting Boards?", "id": "5a78bbafb73996001af5af86", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 135}], "question": "When did the Royal Institute and ARB reach accord on a conflicted body of criteria?", "id": "5a78bbafb73996001af5af87", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Architects Registration Board", "answer_start": 201}], "question": "What does ARB no longer stand for?", "id": "5a78bbafb73996001af5af88", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "RIBA also validates courses outside the UK", "answer_start": 256}], "question": "What is a key similarity between the ARB and Royal Institute?", "id": "5a78bbafb73996001af5af89", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "RIBA Visiting Boards continue to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture. Under arrangements made in 2011 the validation criteria are jointly held by the RIBA and the Architects Registration Board, but unlike the ARB, the RIBA also validates courses outside the UK."}], ["Perpustakaan Senibina British, kadang-kadang disebut sebagai Perpustakaan RIBA, ditubuhkan pada tahun 1834 apabila pendirian institut itu dengan sumbangan daripada ahli. Sekarang, dengan lebih daripada empat juta item, ia adalah salah satu daripada tiga perpustakaan seni bina terbesar di dunia dan yang terbesar di Eropah. Sesetengah item dari koleksi itu dipamerkan terus di Muzium Victoria dan Albert (V & A) di Galeri Arkitek V & A + RIBA dan termasuk dalam pameran sementara di RIBA dan seluruh Eropah dan Amerika Utara. Koleksinya termasuk: <> Apakah nama lain untuk Perpustakaan Institut Diraja? || Perpustakaan Senibina British <> Bilakah pustaka RIBA diasaskan? || 1834 <> Berapa banyak bahan yang ditempatkan di perpustakaan RIBA? || lebih dari empat juta <> The British Architectural Library adalah perpustakaan terbesar seumpamanya di mana benua? || Eropah <> Dalam institusi apa ada bahan dari koleksi RIBA yang terletak? || Muzium Victoria dan Albert <> Apakah nama dilarang untuk Royal Institute Library? || <> Bilakah pustaka RIBA dikeluarkan? || <> Berapa banyak bahan dibakar di perpustakaan RIBA? || <> Benua mana yang mempunyai Perpustakaan Senibina British sebagai perpustakaan terkecil? || <> Institusi apa yang tidak mempunyai bahan dari koleksi RIBA? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another name for the Royal Institute Library?", "id": "56e756e037bdd419002c3e9f", "answers": [{"text": "The British Architectural Library", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the RIBA library founded?", "id": "56e756e037bdd419002c3ea0", "answers": [{"text": "1834", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many materials are housed in the RIBA library?", "id": "56e756e037bdd419002c3ea1", "answers": [{"text": "over four million", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The British Architectural Library is the biggest library of its kind in which continent?", "id": "56e756e037bdd419002c3ea2", "answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what institution are some materials from the RIBA collection located?", "id": "56e756e037bdd419002c3ea3", "answers": [{"text": "Victoria and Albert Museum", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The British Architectural Library", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is a prohibited name for the Royal Institute Library?", "id": "5a78c075b73996001af5b067", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1834", "answer_start": 97}], "question": "When was the RIBA library removed?", "id": "5a78c075b73996001af5b068", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "over four million", "answer_start": 176}], "question": "How many materials are burned in the RIBA library?", "id": "5a78c075b73996001af5b069", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 288}], "question": "Which continent has The British Architectural Library as the smallest library?", "id": "5a78c075b73996001af5b06a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Victoria and Albert Museum", "answer_start": 360}], "question": "What institution has none of materials from the RIBA collection?", "id": "5a78c075b73996001af5b06b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The British Architectural Library, sometimes referred to as the RIBA Library, was established in 1834 upon the founding of the institute with donations from members. Now, with over four million items, it is one of the three largest architectural libraries in the world and the largest in Europe. Some items from the collections are on permanent display at the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) in the V&A + RIBA Architecture Gallery and included in temporary exhibitions at the RIBA and across Europe and North America. Its collections include:"}], ["RIBA didasarkan pada 66 bangunan Portland, London-sebuah bangunan tersenarai Grade II * yang dirancang oleh arkitek George Grey Wornum dengan ukiran oleh Edward Bainbridge Copnall dan James Woodford. Sebahagian daripada bangunan London dibuka kepada orang ramai, termasuk Perpustakaan. Ia mempunyai kedai buku seni bina besar, kafe, restoran dan pawagam. Bilik disewa untuk acara. <> Apakah alamat jalanan Royal Institute of British Architects? || 66 Portland Place <> Siapa yang merancang ibu pejabat RIBA? || George Grey Wornum <> Apa satu bilik di ibu pejabat RIBA yang boleh dikunjungi oleh orang ramai? || Perpustakaan <> Untuk apa tujuan boleh disewa di bangunan Royal Institut? || peristiwa <> Apakah alamat jalan bekas Institut Diraja British Arkitek? || <> Siapa yang memusnahkan ibu pejabat RIBA? || <> Apakah satu bilik di ibu pejabat RIBA yang tidak lagi boleh dikunjungi oleh orang awam? || <> Apa maksud bilik yang tidak boleh disewa di bangunan Royal Institute? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Royal Institute of British Architects' street address?", "id": "56e748ba00c9c71400d76f3f", "answers": [{"text": "66 Portland Place", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who designed RIBA's headquarters?", "id": "56e748ba00c9c71400d76f40", "answers": [{"text": "George Grey Wornum", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one room in RIBA's headquarters that can be visited by the public?", "id": "56e748ba00c9c71400d76f42", "answers": [{"text": "the Library", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what purpose can rooms be rented at the Royal Institute's building?", "id": "56e748ba00c9c71400d76f43", "answers": [{"text": "events", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "66 Portland Place, London", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "What is the former Royal Institute of British Architects' street address?", "id": "5a78bdcfb73996001af5aff2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "George Grey Wornum", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "Who destroyed RIBA's headquarters?", "id": "5a78bdcfb73996001af5aff3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Library", "answer_start": 246}], "question": "What is one room in RIBA's headquarters that can no longer be visited by the public?", "id": "5a78bdcfb73996001af5aff4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "events", "answer_start": 363}], "question": "What purpose can rooms not be rented at the Royal Institute's building?", "id": "5a78bdcfb73996001af5aff5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "RIBA is based at 66 Portland Place, London\u2014a 1930s Grade II* listed building designed by architect George Grey Wornum with sculptures by Edward Bainbridge Copnall and James Woodford. Parts of the London building are open to the public, including the Library. It has a large architectural bookshop, a caf\u00e9, restaurant and lecture theatres. Rooms are hired out for events."}], ["RIBA adalah organisasi anggota, dengan 44,000 ahli. Ahli-ahli bertauliah berhak untuk memanggil mereka arkitek chartered dan untuk memasukkan RIBA selepas nominal selepas nama mereka; Ahli Pelajar tidak dibenarkan berbuat demikian. Dahulu, persekutuan institut telah diberikan, walaupun tidak lagi; mereka yang terus memegang gelaran ini bukannya menambah FRIBA. <> Berapa ramai orang mempunyai keahlian di Royal Institute? || 44,000 <> Apa yang boleh disewa ahli RIBA menambah nama mereka untuk menunjukkan status mereka? || RIBA <> Apakah jenis ahli Royal Institut tidak dapat menggunakan singkatan organisasi selepas nama mereka? || Ahli Pelajar <> Apa yang tidak disediakan oleh Royal Institute lagi? || fellowships <> Fellows of the Royal Institute boleh menggunakan apa singkatan dengan nama mereka? || FRIBA <> Berapa ramai orang yang kehilangan keahlian di Royal Institute? || <> Apa yang boleh dibatalkan oleh ahli RIBA dari nama mereka untuk menunjukkan status mereka? || <> Apakah jenis ahli Royal Institut yang diperlukan untuk menggunakan singkatan organisasi selepas nama mereka? || <> Apa yang masih disediakan oleh Royal Institute? || <> Apa singkatan yang tidak lagi boleh digunakan oleh Fellows of the Royal Institute dengan nama mereka? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people have membership in the Royal Institute?", "id": "56e745c100c9c71400d76f05", "answers": [{"text": "44,000", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can chartered members of RIBA add to their name to indicate their status?", "id": "56e745c100c9c71400d76f06", "answers": [{"text": "RIBA", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of Royal Institute members are not able to use the organization's acronym after their names?", "id": "56e745c100c9c71400d76f07", "answers": [{"text": "Student Members", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is not provided by the Royal Institute anymore?", "id": "56e745c100c9c71400d76f08", "answers": [{"text": "fellowships", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Fellows of the Royal Institute can use what abbreviation with their names?", "id": "56e745c100c9c71400d76f09", "answers": [{"text": "FRIBA", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "44,000", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "How many people have lost membership in the Royal Institute?", "id": "5a78bcb5b73996001af5afbd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "RIBA", "answer_start": 159}], "question": "What can chartered members of RIBA remove from their name to indicate their status?", "id": "5a78bcb5b73996001af5afbe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Student Members", "answer_start": 182}], "question": "What type of Royal Institute members are required to use the organization's acronym after their names?", "id": "5a78bcb5b73996001af5afbf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fellowships", "answer_start": 236}], "question": "What is still provided by the Royal Institute?", "id": "5a78bcb5b73996001af5afc0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "FRIBA", "answer_start": 349}], "question": "What abbreviation can no longer be used by Fellows of the Royal Institute  with their names?", "id": "5a78bcb5b73996001af5afc1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The RIBA is a member organisation, with 44,000 members. Chartered Members are entitled to call themselves chartered architects and to append the post-nominals RIBA after their name; Student Members are not permitted to do so. Formerly, fellowships of the institute were granted, although no longer; those who continue to hold this title instead add FRIBA."}], ["Perpustakaan ini terletak di dua tapak awam: Bilik Bacaan di ibu pejabat RIBA, 66 Portland Place, London; dan Bilik Reka Bentuk Penyiasatan RIBA di Henry Cole Wing daripada V & A. Bilik Bacaan, yang direka oleh arkitek bangunan George Gray Wornum dan isterinya, Miriam, mengekalkan dalaman 1934 Art Deco asalnya dengan rak buku terbuka, perabot asli dan ruang tengah dua tingkat tinggi. Bilik-bilik kajian, yang dibuka pada tahun 2004, telah direka oleh Wright & Wright. Perpustakaan ini dibiayai sepenuhnya oleh RIBA tetapi ia terbuka kepada orang awam tanpa bayaran. Ia mengendalikan program pendidikan percuma yang bertujuan untuk pelajar, kumpulan pendidikan dan keluarga, dan perkhidmatan maklumat untuk ahli RIBA dan orang ramai melalui Pusat Maklumat RIBA. <> Di mana Perpustakaan Reading Royal Institute terletak? || 66 Portland Place <> Di mana bilik belajar RIBA terletak? || Henry Cole Wing dari V & A <> Apa gaya seni yang digunakan dalam reka bentuk Bilik Bacaan? || Art Deco <> Pada tahun apakah bilik Reading Royal Institute dibuka? || 2004 <> Siapa yang patut mendapat manfaat daripada pengajaran yang disediakan oleh perpustakaan RIBA? || pelajar, kumpulan pendidikan dan keluarga <> Di mana Perpustakaan Membaca Perpustakaan Royal terdahulu terletak? || <> Di mana bilik belajar RIBA tidak terletak? || <> Gaya gaya apa yang tidak digunakan dalam reka bentuk Bilik Bacaan? || <> Tahun apakah bilik Reading Royal Institute ditutup? || <> Siapa yang tidak dimaksudkan untuk mendapat manfaat daripada pengajaran yang disediakan oleh perpustakaan RIBA? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the Royal Institute Library's Reading Room located?", "id": "56e75e2d00c9c71400d77022", "answers": [{"text": "66 Portland Place", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are RIBA's Study Rooms located?", "id": "56e75e2d00c9c71400d77023", "answers": [{"text": "the Henry Cole Wing of the V&A", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What art style was used inthe design of the Reading Room?", "id": "56e75e2d00c9c71400d77024", "answers": [{"text": "Art Deco", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Royal Institute's Reading Rooms open?", "id": "56e75e2d00c9c71400d77025", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is meant to benefit from teaching provided by the RIBA library?", "id": "56e75e2d00c9c71400d77026", "answers": [{"text": "students, education groups and families", "answer_start": 604}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "66 Portland Place, London", "answer_start": 87}], "question": "Where is the Royal Institute Library's Reading Room formerly located?", "id": "5a78c653b73996001af5b1a3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Henry Cole Wing of the V&A", "answer_start": 155}], "question": "Where are RIBA's Study Rooms not located?", "id": "5a78c653b73996001af5b1a4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Art Deco", "answer_start": 308}], "question": "What art style was not used in the design of the Reading Room?", "id": "5a78c653b73996001af5b1a5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 428}], "question": "What year did the Royal Institute's Reading Rooms close?", "id": "5a78c653b73996001af5b1a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "students, education groups and families", "answer_start": 604}], "question": "Who is not meant to benefit from the teaching provided by the RIBA library?", "id": "5a78c653b73996001af5b1a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The library is based at two public sites: the Reading Room at the RIBA's headquarters, 66 Portland Place, London; and the RIBA Architecture Study Rooms in the Henry Cole Wing of the V&A. The Reading Room, designed by the building's architect George Grey Wornum and his wife Miriam, retains its original 1934 Art Deco interior with open bookshelves, original furniture and double-height central space. The study rooms, opened in 2004, were designed by Wright & Wright. The library is funded entirely by the RIBA but it is open to the public without charge. It operates a free education programme aimed at students, education groups and families, and an information service for RIBA members and the public through the RIBA Information Centre."}], ["Kandungan perbuatan, terutamanya seksyen 1 (1) dari akta perbuatan tahun 1938, menunjukkan kepentingan yang kemudiannya dilampirkan kepada para arkitek tanggungjawab pengawasan atau penyeliaan kerja bangunan pihak berkuasa tempatan (untuk perumahan dan projek-projek lain), sebaliknya daripada orang yang berkelayakan profesional hanya sebagai jurutera perbandaran atau lain-lain. Menjelang tahun 1970 isu lain telah muncul yang mempengaruhi pendidikan untuk kelayakan dan pendaftaran untuk amalan sebagai arkitek, kerana obligasi yang dikenakan ke United Kingdom dan kerajaan Eropah lain untuk mematuhi Arahan Kesatuan Eropah mengenai pengiktirafan bersama kelayakan profesional yang memihak kepada piawaian yang sama sempadan, dalam penerusan dasar untuk pasaran tunggal Kesatuan Eropah. Ini membawa kepada cadangan untuk menyusun semula ARCUK. Akhirnya, pada 1990-an, sebelum meneruskan, kerajaan mengeluarkan kertas perundingan \"Pembaharuan Pendaftaran Arkitek\" (1994). Perubahan nama kepada \"Lembaga Pendaftaran Arkitek\" adalah salah satu cadangan yang kemudiannya digubal dalam Akta Pemberian Perumahan, Pembinaan dan Penjanaan Semula 1996 dan digubal semula sebagai Akta Arkitek 1997; yang lain adalah pemansuhan ARCUK Board of Architectural Education. <> Apakah dasar organisasi mengenai penerimaan kelayakan profesional yang mendorong pemikiran pembaharuan ARCUK? || Kesatuan Eropah <> Bilakah nama ARCUK berubah? || 1996 <> Apa nama legistlation yang membawa kepada perubahan dalam nama ARCUK? || Akta Hibah Perumahan, Pembinaan dan Penjanaan Semula <> Apa yang ditutup sebagai akibat daripada undang-undang yang mengubah nama ARCUK? || ARCUK Lembaga Pendidikan Senibina <> Apakah nama baru yang diberikan kepada ARCUK pada tahun 90-an? || Arkitek Lembaga Pendaftaran <> Bilakah nama ARCUK memutuskan untuk tetap sama? || <> Apakah dasar organisasi mengenai penerimaan kelayakan profesional yang mendorong pemikiran ARCUK? || <> Apa yang dibuka sebagai hasil daripada undang-undang yang mengubah nama ARCUK? || <> Apakah nama baru yang diberikan kepada ARCUK pada '80-an? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What organization's policies regarding acceptance of professional qualifications prompted thoughts of revamping ARCUK?", "id": "56e7231d37bdd419002c3d95", "answers": [{"text": "European Union", "answer_start": 578}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the name of ARCUK change?", "id": "56e7231d37bdd419002c3d96", "answers": [{"text": "1996", "answer_start": 1122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the legistlation leading to the change in ARCUK's name?", "id": "56e7231d37bdd419002c3d97", "answers": [{"text": "the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act", "answer_start": 1068}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was shut down as a result of legislation changing the name of ARCUK?", "id": "56e7231d37bdd419002c3d98", "answers": [{"text": "the ARCUK Board of Architectural Education", "answer_start": 1198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the new name given to ARCUK in the '90s?", "id": "56e7231d37bdd419002c3d99", "answers": [{"text": "Architects Registration Board", "answer_start": 985}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1996", "answer_start": 1122}], "question": "When did the name of ARCUK decide to stay the same?", "id": "5a78bb2fb73996001af5af62", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "European Union", "answer_start": 578}], "question": "What organization's policies regarding acceptance of professional qualifications prompted thoughts of keeping ARCUK?", "id": "5a78bb2fb73996001af5af63", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the ARCUK Board of Architectural Education", "answer_start": 1198}], "question": "What was opened as a result of legislation changing the name of ARCUK?", "id": "5a78bb2fb73996001af5af64", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Architects Registration Board", "answer_start": 985}], "question": "What was the new name given to ARCUK in the '80s?", "id": "5a78bb2fb73996001af5af65", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The content of the acts, particularly section 1 (1) of the amending act of 1938, shows the importance which was then attached to giving architects the responsibility of superintending or supervising the building works of local authorities (for housing and other projects), rather than persons professionally qualified only as municipal or other engineers. By the 1970s another issue had emerged affecting education for qualification and registration for practice as an architect, due to the obligation imposed on the United Kingdom and other European governments to comply with European Union Directives concerning mutual recognition of professional qualifications in favour of equal standards across borders, in furtherance of the policy for a single market of the European Union. This led to proposals for reconstituting ARCUK. Eventually, in the 1990s, before proceeding, the government issued a consultation paper \"Reform of Architects Registration\" (1994). The change of name to \"Architects Registration Board\" was one of the proposals which was later enacted in the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 and reenacted as the Architects Act 1997; another was the abolition of the ARCUK Board of Architectural Education."}], ["Sebagai tambahan kepada Lembaga Pendaftaran Arkitek, RIBA memberikan akreditasi kepada sekolah-sekolah seni bina di UK di bawah prosedur pengesahan kursus. Ia juga menyediakan pengesahan kursus antarabangsa tanpa input daripada ARB. <> Selain daripada ARB, apa organisasi lain yang menawarkan perkhidmatan akreditasi untuk sekolah yang melayani arkitek? || RIBA <> Proses apa yang digunakan oleh RIBA dalam sistem akreditasinya? || pengesahan kursus <> Apakah jenis kursus yang dilakukan oleh RIBA untuk menjalankan perkhidmatan akreditasi selain daripada Lembaga Pendaftaran Arkitek? || kursus antarabangsa <> Proses apa RIBA tidak lagi digunakan dalam sistem akreditasinya? || <> Apa organisasi lain yang tidak menawarkan perkhidmatan akreditasi untuk sekolah yang melayani arkitek selain daripada ARB? || <> Apakah jenis kursus RIBA tidak menjalankan perkhidmatan akreditasi selain daripada Lembaga Pendaftaran Arkitek? || <> Apa yang selalu memerlukan input dari ARB? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Aside from the ARB, what other organization offers accreditation services for schools serving architects?", "id": "56e77bc037bdd419002c4017", "answers": [{"text": "RIBA", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What process does RIBA use in its accreditation system?", "id": "56e77bc037bdd419002c4018", "answers": [{"text": "course validation", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kinds of courses does RIBA conduct accreditation services for apart from the Architects Registration Board?", "id": "56e77bc037bdd419002c4019", "answers": [{"text": "international courses", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "course validation", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "What process does RIBA no longer use in its accreditation system?", "id": "5a78cbccb73996001af5b26a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "RIBA", "answer_start": 54}], "question": "What other organization doesn't offer accreditation services for schools serving architects aside from the ARB?", "id": "5a78cbccb73996001af5b26b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "international courses", "answer_start": 184}], "question": "What kinds of courses does RIBA not conduct accreditation services for apart from the Architects Registration Board?", "id": "5a78cbccb73996001af5b26c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "RIBA", "answer_start": 54}], "question": "What always requires input from the ARB?", "id": "5a78cbccb73996001af5b26d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In addition to the Architects Registration Board, the RIBA provides accreditation to architecture schools in the UK under a course validation procedure. It also provides validation to international courses without input from the ARB."}], ["Sejak 2004, melalui Perkongsian Seni Bina V & A + RIBA, RIBA dan V & A telah bekerjasama untuk mempromosikan pemahaman dan kesenangan seni bina. <> Bilakah Muzium Victoria dan Albert dan Royal Institute of British Architects memulakan hubungan formal? || 2004 <> Apa nama usahasama yang melibatkan Muzium Victoria dan Albert dan Royal Institute of British Architects? || Perkongsian Seni Bina V & A + RIBA <> Apakah matlamat utama perkongsian V & A + RIBA? || untuk mempromosikan pemahaman dan kesenangan seni bina <> Bilakah Muzium Victoria dan Albert dan Royal Institute of British Architects mengakhiri hubungan formal? || <> Apakah nama usahasama itu tidak lagi melibatkan Muzium Victoria dan Albert dan Royal Institute of British Architects? || <> Apakah kelemahan utama perkongsian V & A + RIBA? || <> Siapa yang tidak pernah bekerja bersama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Royal Institute of British Architects start a formal relationship?", "id": "56e75e8800c9c71400d77034", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the joint venture involving the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Royal Institute of British Architects?", "id": "56e75e8800c9c71400d77035", "answers": [{"text": "the V&A + RIBA Architecture Partnership", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the main goal of the V&A + RIBA partnership?", "id": "56e75e8800c9c71400d77036", "answers": [{"text": "to promote the understanding and enjoyment of architecture", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 6}], "question": "When did the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Royal Institute of British Architects end a formal relationship?", "id": "5a78c7cab73996001af5b1de", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the V&A + RIBA Architecture Partnership", "answer_start": 20}], "question": "What is the name of the joint venture no longer involving the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Royal Institute of British Architects?", "id": "5a78c7cab73996001af5b1df", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to promote the understanding and enjoyment of architecture", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "What is the main disadvantage of the V&A + RIBA partnership?", "id": "5a78c7cab73996001af5b1e0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the RIBA and V&A", "answer_start": 61}], "question": "Who has never worked together?", "id": "5a78c7cab73996001af5b1e1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Since 2004, through the V&A + RIBA Architecture Partnership, the RIBA and V&A have worked together to promote the understanding and enjoyment of architecture."}], ["RIBA mempunyai tiga bahagian dalam proses pendidikan: Bahagian I yang umumnya ijazah pertama tiga tahun, satu tahun pengalaman pengalaman kerja dalam sekurang-kurangnya satu tahun dalam amalan seni bina sebelum Bahagian II yang pada amnya sarjana pasca dua tahun diploma atau tuan. Tahun depan mesti diambil sebelum ujian profesional RIBA Bahagian III boleh diambil. Secara keseluruhan ia mengambil masa minimum tujuh tahun sebelum seorang pelajar seni bina dapat mencari status yang disewa. <> Apakah langkah pertama dalam garis panduan Royal Institute untuk pendidikan? || ijazah pertama tiga tahun <> Apa yang diperlukan oleh peringkat kedua dalam peruntukan pendidikan yang ditetapkan oleh RIBA? || diploma atau sarjana pascasiswazah pasca dua tahun <> Apa bahagian ketiga proses pendidikan Royal Institut mengandungi? || peperiksaan profesional <> Berapa lamakah masa yang diperlukan, untuk seorang pelajar layak untuk gelaran Chartered? || tujuh tahun <> Apa yang berlaku antara bahagian kedua dan ketiga proses pendidikan yang ditetapkan oleh Royal Institute? || Tahun berikutnya <<Apakah langkah pertama yang tidak digunakan dalam garis panduan Royal Institute untuk pendidikan? || <> Apa yang tidak diperlukan oleh tahap kedua dalam peruntukan pendidikan yang ditetapkan oleh RIBA? || <> Apa bahagian ketiga proses pendidikan Institut Royal meninggalkan? || <> Berapa lama masa yang diperlukan, untuk seorang pelajar layak untuk gelaran Chartered? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the first step in the Royal Institute's guidelines for education?", "id": "56e77c8900c9c71400d7719e", "answers": [{"text": "three-year first degree", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is required by the second stage in the education provisions set out by RIBA?", "id": "56e77c8900c9c71400d7719f", "answers": [{"text": "a two-year post graduate diploma or masters", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the third part of the Royal Institute's educational process contain?", "id": "56e77c8900c9c71400d771a0", "answers": [{"text": "professional exams", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long does it take, at the least, for a student to be eligible for the title of Chartered?", "id": "56e77c8900c9c71400d771a1", "answers": [{"text": "seven years", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What occurs between the second and third parts of the education process prescribed by the Royal Institute?", "id": "56e77c8900c9c71400d771a2", "answers": [{"text": "A further year out", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three-year first degree", "answer_start": 79}], "question": "What is the first step not used in the Royal Institute's guidelines for education?", "id": "5a78cc3db73996001af5b281", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a two-year post graduate diploma or masters", "answer_start": 221}], "question": "What is not required by the second stage in the education provisions set out by RIBA?", "id": "5a78cc3db73996001af5b282", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "professional exams", "answer_start": 324}], "question": "What does the third part of the Royal Institute's educational process omit?", "id": "5a78cc3db73996001af5b283", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "seven years", "answer_start": 387}], "question": "How long does it take, at most, for a student to be eligible for the title of Chartered?", "id": "5a78cc3db73996001af5b284", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The RIBA has three parts to the education process: Part I which is generally a three-year first degree, a year-out of at least one year work experience in an architectural practice precedes the Part II which is generally a two-year post graduate diploma or masters. A further year out must be taken before the RIBA Part III professional exams can be taken. Overall it takes a minimum of seven years before an architecture student can seek chartered status."}], ["Pada tahun 2004, kedua-dua institusi mencipta Galeri Seni Bina (Room 128) di V & A yang menunjukkan artifak dari koleksi kedua-dua institusi, ini merupakan galeri tetap pertama yang ditujukan kepada seni bina di UK. Ruang Pameran Seni Bina yang berdekatan (Room 128a) digunakan untuk memaparkan sementara yang berkaitan dengan seni bina. Kedua-dua ruang direka oleh Arkitek Gareth Hoskins. Pada masa yang sama Koleksi Lukisan dan Arkib Perpustakaan RIBA berpindah dari 21 Portman Place ke kemudahan baru di Henry Cole Wing di V & A. Di bawah Perkongsian ruang kajian baru dibuka di mana orang ramai boleh melihat barang dari koleksi RIBA dan V & A di bawah pengawasan kakitangan kuratorial. Ini dan bilik pendidikan berhampiran direka oleh Wright & Wright Architects. <> Dalam apa ruang di V & A ialah Galeri Seni Bina yang terletak? || Bilik 128 <> Apa yang terdapat di Bilik 128a Muzium Victoria & Albert? || Ruang Pameran Seni Bina <> Siapa yang merancang bilik 128 dan 128a di Muzium V & A? || Gareth Hoskins Architects <> Di mana Koleksi Lukisan dan Arkib Royal Institut terletak pada asalnya? || 21 Portman Place <> Apa bahagian dari V & A koleksi Royal Drawing and Archives dipindahkan ke? || Henry Cole Wing <> Apa ruang di V & A adalah Galeri Seni Bina yang dilarang? || <> Apa yang tidak terdapat di Bilik 128a Muzium Victoria & Albert? || <> Siapa yang memusnahkan bilik 128 dan 128a di Muzium V & A? || <> Di mana Koleksi Lukisan dan Arkib Diraja Institut diharamkan pada asalnya? || <> Apa bahagian V & A koleksi koleksi Lukisan dan Arkib Diraja yang dielakkan dari? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what space at the V&A is the Architecture Gallery located?", "id": "56e7620600c9c71400d7705e", "answers": [{"text": "Room 128", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is found at Room 128a of the Victoria & Albert Museum?", "id": "56e7620600c9c71400d7705f", "answers": [{"text": "Architecture Exhibition Space", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who designed rooms 128 and 128a at the V&A Museum?", "id": "56e7620600c9c71400d77060", "answers": [{"text": "Gareth Hoskins Architects", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Royal Institute's Drawing and Archives Collections located originally?", "id": "56e7620600c9c71400d77061", "answers": [{"text": "21 Portman Place", "answer_start": 463}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of the V&A was the Royal Institute's Drawing and Archives collection moved to?", "id": "56e7620600c9c71400d77062", "answers": [{"text": "the Henry Cole Wing", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Room 128", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "What space at the V&A is the Architecture Gallery forbidden?", "id": "5a78c840b73996001af5b1f9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Architecture Exhibition Space", "answer_start": 231}], "question": "What is not found at Room 128a of the Victoria & Albert Museum?", "id": "5a78c840b73996001af5b1fa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Gareth Hoskins Architects", "answer_start": 358}], "question": "Who destroyed rooms 128 and 128a at the V&A Museum?", "id": "5a78c840b73996001af5b1fb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "21 Portman Place", "answer_start": 463}], "question": "Where was the Royal Institute's Drawing and Archives Collections banned originally?", "id": "5a78c840b73996001af5b1fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Henry Cole Wing", "answer_start": 501}], "question": "What part of the V&A was the Royal Institute's Drawing and Archives collection avoided from?", "id": "5a78c840b73996001af5b1fd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2004, the two institutions created the Architecture Gallery (Room 128) at the V&A showing artefacts from the collections of both institutions, this was the first permanent gallery devoted to architecture in the UK. The adjacent Architecture Exhibition Space (Room 128a) is used for temporary displays related to architecture. Both spaces were designed by Gareth Hoskins Architects. At the same time the RIBA Library Drawing and Archives Collections moved from 21 Portman Place to new facilities in the Henry Cole Wing at the V&A. Under the Partnership new study rooms were opened where members of the public could view items from the RIBA and V&A architectural collections under the supervision of curatorial staff. These and the nearby education room were designed by Wright & Wright Architects."}], ["Pada tahun 2007, RIBA meminta standard ruang minimum di rumah-rumah British yang baru dibina selepas penyelidikan diterbitkan mencadangkan bahawa rumah-rumah British jatuh di belakang negara-negara Eropah yang lain. \"Rumah baru purata yang dijual kepada orang-orang hari ini jauh lebih kecil daripada yang dibina pada tahun 1920-an ... Kami jauh di belakang seluruh Eropah-walaupun Belanda padat penduduk mempunyai rumah yang lebih baik berbanding dibina di negara ini. standard ruang minimum bagi semua rumah baru, \"kata presiden RIBA, Jack Pringle. <> Apakah sokongan Royal Institute dalam usaha untuk bersaing di tanah besar Eropah? || standard ruang minimum <> Bilakah Royal Institute mempromosikan menetapkan had yang lebih rendah pada saiz rumah baru di Britain? || 2007 <> Siapa ketua Royal Institute of British Architects pada tahun 2007? || Jack Pringle <> Berapa dekad yang dilakukan Pringle kurang membandingkan saiz rumah-rumah British moden? || 1920-an <> Negara apa yang dikatakan oleh Pringle sebagai mempunyai rumah dengan perkadaran yang lebih baik daripada yang terdapat di UK? || Belanda <> Apa yang ditentang Institut Diraja untuk menampung perumahan di tanah besar Eropah? || <> Bilakah kerajaan Institut menentang menetapkan had yang lebih rendah pada saiz rumah baru di Britain? || <> Siapakah badan Institut Diraja British Arkitek pada tahun 2007? || <> Apa dekad yang dilakukan Pringle dengan baik membandingkan saiz rumah moden Britain? || <> Negara mana yang dikatakan Pringle memetik sebagai mempunyai rumah dengan perkadaran lebih buruk daripada yang terdapat di UK? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the Royal Institute support in order to keep up with housing in mainland Europe?", "id": "56e77e8d00c9c71400d771ba", "answers": [{"text": "minimum space standards", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Royal Institute promote setting lower limits on the size of new homes in Britain?", "id": "56e77e8d00c9c71400d771bb", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the head of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 2007?", "id": "56e77e8d00c9c71400d771bc", "answers": [{"text": "Jack Pringle", "answer_start": 497}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what decade did Pringle unfavorably compare the size of modern British homes?", "id": "56e77e8d00c9c71400d771bd", "answers": [{"text": "the 1920s", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country did Pringle cite as having homes with better proportions than those found in the UK?", "id": "56e77e8d00c9c71400d771be", "answers": [{"text": "Holland", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "minimum space standards", "answer_start": 25}], "question": "What did the Royal Institute oppose in order to keep up with housing in mainland Europe?", "id": "5a78cca3b73996001af5b293", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did the Royal Institute oppose setting lower limits on the size of new homes in Britain?", "id": "5a78cca3b73996001af5b294", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jack Pringle", "answer_start": 497}], "question": "Who was the body of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 2007?", "id": "5a78cca3b73996001af5b295", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the 1920s", "answer_start": 272}], "question": "What decade did Pringle favorably compare the size of modern British homes?", "id": "5a78cca3b73996001af5b296", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Holland", "answer_start": 344}], "question": "What country did Pringle cite as having homes with worse proportions than those found in the UK?", "id": "5a78cca3b73996001af5b297", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2007, RIBA called for minimum space standards in newly built British houses after research was published suggesting that British houses were falling behind other European countries. \"The average new home sold to people today is significantly smaller than that built in the 1920s... We're way behind the rest of Europe\u2014even densely populated Holland has better proportioned houses than are being built in the country. So let's see minimum space standards for all new homes,\" said RIBA president Jack Pringle."}], ["Pertandingan reka bentuk seni bina digunakan oleh organisasi yang merancang untuk membina sebuah bangunan baru atau memperbaharui bangunan yang ada. Mereka boleh digunakan untuk bangunan, kerja kejuruteraan, struktur, projek reka bentuk landskap atau karya seni awam. Satu pertandingan biasanya meminta para arkitek dan / atau pereka untuk mengemukakan cadangan reka bentuk sebagai tindak balas kepada Brief yang diberikan. Reka bentuk pemenang akan dipilih oleh panel juri bebas daripada profesional reka bentuk dan wakil pelanggan. Kemerdekaan juri adalah penting untuk perlakuan adil persaingan. <> Apakah peristiwa yang boleh ditaja syarikat apabila merancang projek pembinaan baru atau mendesain semula yang sedia ada? || Pertandingan rekabentuk seni bina <> Apa yang disediakan untuk membimbing peserta dalam pertandingan seni bina? || Ringkas <> Apakah jenis orang yang biasanya membentuk panel yang menilai pertandingan seni bina? || profesional rekabentuk dan wakil pelanggan <> Apa yang diperlukan untuk integriti pertandingan reka bentuk? || kemerdekaan juri <> Apa jenis penghasilan seni yang boleh disokong oleh pertandingan reka bentuk? || karya seni awam awam <> Apakah peristiwa yang syarikat tidak boleh menaja apabila merancang projek pembinaan baru atau mendesain semula yang sedia ada? || <> Apa yang tidak disediakan untuk membimbing peserta dalam pertandingan seni bina? || <> Apakah jenis orang yang tidak pernah membuat panel yang menilai pertandingan seni bina? || <> Apa yang tidak perlu untuk integriti pertandingan reka bentuk? || <> Apa jenis pengeluaran seni tidak lagi boleh disokong oleh pertandingan reka bentuk? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are events that a company can sponsor when it is planning a new construction project or redesigning an existing one?", "id": "56e767c200c9c71400d770c0", "answers": [{"text": "Architectural design competitions", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is provided to guide entrants in an architectural competition?", "id": "56e767c200c9c71400d770c1", "answers": [{"text": "Brief", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kinds of people generally make up the panels which judge architecture competitions?", "id": "56e767c200c9c71400d770c2", "answers": [{"text": "design professionals and client representatives", "answer_start": 438}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is necessary for the integrity of a design competition?", "id": "56e767c200c9c71400d770c3", "answers": [{"text": "independence of the jury", "answer_start": 491}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of artistic production can be supported by design competitions?", "id": "56e767c200c9c71400d770c4", "answers": [{"text": "public realm artworks", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Architectural design competitions", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What are events that a company can't sponsor when it is planning a new construction project or redesigning an existing one?", "id": "5a78ca08b73996001af5b244", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Brief", "answer_start": 358}], "question": "What is not provided to guide entrants in an architectural competition?", "id": "5a78ca08b73996001af5b245", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "design professionals and client representatives", "answer_start": 438}], "question": "What kinds of people never make up the panels which judge architecture competitions?", "id": "5a78ca08b73996001af5b246", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "independence of the jury", "answer_start": 491}], "question": "What is unnecessary for the integrity of a design competition?", "id": "5a78ca08b73996001af5b247", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "public realm artworks", "answer_start": 223}], "question": "What kind of artistic production can no longer be supported by design competitions?", "id": "5a78ca08b73996001af5b248", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Architectural design competitions are used by an organisation that plans to build a new building or refurbish an existing building. They can be used for buildings, engineering work, structures, landscape design projects or public realm artworks. A competition typically asks for architects and/or designers to submit a design proposal in response to a given Brief. The winning design will then be selected by an independent jury panel of design professionals and client representatives. The independence of the jury is vital to the fair conduct of a competition."}], ["RIBA menjalankan banyak anugerah termasuk Hadiah Stirling untuk bangunan baru terbaik tahun ini, Royal Gold Medal (yang pertama dianugerahkan pada tahun 1848), yang menghormati satu badan kerja yang cemerlang, dan Stephen Lawrence Prize untuk projek-projek dengan anggaran pembinaan yang kurang daripada \u00a3 500,000. RIBA juga menganugerahkan Pingat Presiden untuk kerja pelajar, yang dianggap sebagai penghargaan paling berprestij dalam pendidikan seni bina, dan Anugerah Penyelidikan RIBA Presiden. Anugerah RIBA Eropah dirasmikan pada tahun 2005 untuk bekerja di Kesatuan Eropah, di luar UK. Anugerah RIBA Kebangsaan dan Anugerah RIBA Antarabangsa telah ditubuhkan pada tahun 2007. Sejak tahun 1966, RIBA juga menghakimi anugerah serantau yang disampaikan secara tempatan di wilayah UK (East, East Midlands, London, North East, North West, Ireland Utara, Scotland, South / South East, South West / Wessex, Wales, West Midlands dan Yorkshire). <> Apakah Royal Institute of British Architects menganugerahkan Hadiah Stirling untuk? || bangunan baru yang terbaik tahun <> Apa tahun pertama di mana Pingat Emas Diraja RIBA diberikan? || 1848 <> Apakah pingat Royal Gold yang dianugerahkan? || <b> Apakah batasan berapa banyak yang boleh dibelanjakan untuk projek-projek yang menerima Hadiah Stephen Lawrence? || \u00a3 500,000 <> Apakah nama penghargaan RIBA yang diberikan kepada pelajar seni bina? || Pingat Presiden <> Apakah Royal Institute of British Architects tidak lagi menganugerahkan Hadiah Stirling untuk? || <> Apakah tahun lepas di mana Pingat Emas Diraja RIBA diberikan? || <> Apakah pingat Royal Gold dikeluarkan dari? || <> Apakah batasan berapa banyak yang boleh diambil daripada projek yang menerima Hadiah Stephen Lawrence? || <> Apakah nama penghargaan RIBA yang diberikan kepada profesor seni bina? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does the Royal Institute of British Architects award the Stirling Prize for?", "id": "56e766a800c9c71400d770ac", "answers": [{"text": "the best new building of the year", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first year in which RIBA's Royal Gold Medal was given?", "id": "56e766a800c9c71400d770ad", "answers": [{"text": "1848", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Royal Gold Medal awarded for?", "id": "56e766a800c9c71400d770ae", "answers": [{"text": "a distinguished body of work", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the limit of how much can be spent on projects receiving the Stephen Lawrence Prize?", "id": "56e766a800c9c71400d770af", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a3500,000", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the RIBA awards given to students of architecture?", "id": "56e766a800c9c71400d770b0", "answers": [{"text": "the President's Medals", "answer_start": 295}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the best new building of the year", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "What does the Royal Institute of British Architects no longer award the Stirling Prize for?", "id": "5a78c8afb73996001af5b215", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1848", "answer_start": 129}], "question": "What was the last year in which RIBA's Royal Gold Medal was given?", "id": "5a78c8afb73996001af5b216", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a distinguished body of work", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "What is the Royal Gold Medal removed from?", "id": "5a78c8afb73996001af5b217", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u00a3500,000", "answer_start": 264}], "question": "What is the limit of how much can be taken from projects receiving the Stephen Lawrence Prize?", "id": "5a78c8afb73996001af5b218", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the President's Medals", "answer_start": 295}], "question": "What is the name of the RIBA awards given to professors of architecture?", "id": "5a78c8afb73996001af5b219", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "RIBA runs many awards including the Stirling Prize for the best new building of the year, the Royal Gold Medal (first awarded in 1848), which honours a distinguished body of work, and the Stephen Lawrence Prize for projects with a construction budget of less than \u00a3500,000. The RIBA also awards the President's Medals for student work, which are regarded as the most prestigious awards in architectural education, and the RIBA President's Awards for Research. The RIBA European Award was inaugurated in 2005 for work in the European Union, outside the UK. The RIBA National Award and the RIBA International Award were established in 2007. Since 1966, the RIBA also judges regional awards which are presented locally in the UK regions (East, East Midlands, London, North East, North West, Northern Ireland, Scotland, South/South East, South West/Wessex, Wales, West Midlands and Yorkshire)."}]], [["Kepentingan NARA dikelaskan ke dalam \"kumpulan rekod\" yang mencerminkan jabatan atau agensi kerajaan dari mana ia berasal. Rekod termasuk dokumen kertas, mikrofilem, gambar masih, gambar bergerak, dan media elektronik. <> Apakah jenis kumpulan yang diklasifikasikan oleh NARA? || kumpulan rekod <> Setiap kumpulan rekod dikelaskan berdasarkan apa? || jabatan atau agensi kerajaan <> Selain filem dan media bukan statik lain, jenis media yang diklasifikasikan ke dalam kumpulan? || dokumen <> Selain kategori media umum dan kategori wayang gambar, kategori mana yang mengandungi media yang tidak statik? || mikrofilem <> Apakah jabatan kerajaan biasanya dikelaskan? || <> Bagaimana NARA diklasifikasikan secara rasmi? || <> Apakah jenis rekod yang digunakan pada masa lalu berbanding sekarang? || <> Rekod apa yang biasanya digunakan pada masa ini kerana ia adalah yang paling berkesan? || <> Rekod apakah yang tertua dalam storan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What types of groups are NARA's holdings classified into?", "id": "56e784a400c9c71400d7720b", "answers": [{"text": "record groups", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Each record group is classified based on what?", "id": "56e784a400c9c71400d7720c", "answers": [{"text": "governmental department or agency", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides films and other non-static media, what type of media is classified into a group?", "id": "56e784a400c9c71400d7720d", "answers": [{"text": "documents", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides the general media and motion picture categories, which category contains media that is not static?", "id": "56e784a400c9c71400d7720e", "answers": [{"text": "microfilm", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"record groups\"", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "What are governmental departments usually classed into?", "id": "5a7b62b021c2de001afe9faa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "governmental department or agency", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "How is NARA classified as officially?", "id": "5a7b62b021c2de001afe9fab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "microfilm, still pictures, motion pictures", "answer_start": 159}], "question": "What record types were used more in the past than they are now?", "id": "5a7b62b021c2de001afe9fac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "electronic media", "answer_start": 207}], "question": "What records are usually used currently because they are the most efficient?", "id": "5a7b62b021c2de001afe9fad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "microfilm", "answer_start": 159}], "question": "What record is the oldest type in storage?", "id": "5a7b62b021c2de001afe9fae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "NARA's holdings are classed into \"record groups\" reflecting the governmental department or agency from which they originated. Records include paper documents, microfilm, still pictures, motion pictures, and electronic media."}], ["Pentadbiran Arkib dan Rekod Negara (NARA) adalah agensi bebas kerajaan Amerika Syarikat yang bertanggungjawab untuk memelihara dan mendokumenkan rekod kerajaan dan sejarah dan dengan meningkatkan akses awam kepada dokumen tersebut, yang terdiri daripada Arkib Negara. NARA bertanggungjawab secara rasmi untuk mengekalkan dan menerbitkan salinan undang-undang yang sah dan autentik yang sah dari Kongres, pengisytiharan presiden dan perintah eksekutif, dan peraturan persekutuan. NARA juga menghantar undi Kolej Pemilihan ke Kongres. <> NARA bertanggungjawab untuk koleksi arkib? || Arkib Negara <> Apa agensi bebas mengekalkan salinan asal arahan eksekutif? || Pentadbiran Arkib dan Rekod Negara <> Apakah Kongres bertanggungjawab untuk memelihara? || <> Agensi macam apakah Kolej Pemilihan? || <> Apakah jenis dokumen yang disimpan oleh Kongres? || <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh Kongres apabila mereka membincangkan rang undang-undang? || <> Di manakah orang awam tidak dibenarkan mengundi secara sah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "NARA is responsible for what collection of archives?", "id": "56e7745537bdd419002c3fc7", "answers": [{"text": "National Archives", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What independent agency preserves the original copy of executive orders?", "id": "56e7745537bdd419002c3fc9", "answers": [{"text": "National Archives and Records Administration", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "government and historical records", "answer_start": 153}], "question": "What is Congress responsible for preserving?", "id": "5a7b55d121c2de001afe9ee4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "independent", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "What kind of agency is The Electoral College?", "id": "5a7b55d121c2de001afe9ee5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "acts of Congress, presidential proclamations and executive orders, and federal regulations", "answer_start": 391}], "question": "What types of documents does Congress preserve?", "id": "5a7b55d121c2de001afe9ee6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "votes", "answer_start": 507}], "question": "What does Congress usually do when they deliberate a bill?", "id": "5a7b55d121c2de001afe9ee7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Electoral College", "answer_start": 520}], "question": "Where is the public not legally allowed to vote?", "id": "5a7b55d121c2de001afe9ee8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States government charged with preserving and documenting government and historical records and with increasing public access to those documents, which comprise the National Archives. NARA is officially responsible for maintaining and publishing the legally authentic and authoritative copies of acts of Congress, presidential proclamations and executive orders, and federal regulations. The NARA also transmits votes of the Electoral College to Congress."}], ["Pada tahun 2010, Perintah Eksekutif 13526 mencipta Pusat Pengklasifikasian Kebangsaan untuk menyelaraskan amalan pembubaran di seluruh agensi, memberikan perkhidmatan dokumen yang selamat kepada agensi lain, dan menyemak semula rekod dalam tahanan NARA untuk pengkelasan. <> Tahun apa ialah Perintah Eksekutif 13526 dibuat? || 2010 <> Apa perintah Eksekutif yang mewujudkan Pusat Declassification Kebangsaan? || Perintah Eksekutif 13526 <> Apa tujuan Perintah Eksekutif 13526? || menyelaras amalan penguraian <> Pada tahun apakah NARA dicipta? || <> Berapakah bilangan pesanan yang ditulis oleh NARA untuk mengesahkan dokumen? || <> Apakah tumpuan utama usaha NARA? || <> Apakah tanggungjawab lain yang dilakukan oleh NARA? || <> Kumpulan apa yang ditadbir oleh NARA sejak 2010? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was Executive Order 13526 created?", "id": "56e783a900c9c71400d77203", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Executive order created the National Declassification Center?", "id": "56e783a900c9c71400d77204", "answers": [{"text": "Executive Order 13526", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the aim of Executive Order 13526?", "id": "56e783a900c9c71400d77206", "answers": [{"text": "coordinate declassification practices", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "In what year was NARA created?", "id": "5a7b60db21c2de001afe9f96", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "13526", "answer_start": 25}], "question": "What is the number of the order written by NARA to declassify documents?", "id": "5a7b60db21c2de001afe9f97", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "coordinate declassification practices across agencies", "answer_start": 79}], "question": "What is the main focus of NARA's efforts?", "id": "5a7b60db21c2de001afe9f98", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "provide secure document services to other agencies, and review records", "answer_start": 134}], "question": "What other responsibilities does NARA have?", "id": "5a7b60db21c2de001afe9f99", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "agencies", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "What groups does NARA oversee since 2010?", "id": "5a7b60db21c2de001afe9f9a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2010, Executive Order 13526 created the National Declassification Center to coordinate declassification practices across agencies, provide secure document services to other agencies, and review records in NARA custody for declassification."}], ["Rekod Penerbitan dan Rekod Sejarah Nasional (NHPRC) - dana anugerah pemberian dana kepada kerajaan negeri dan daerah, arkib dan kolej dan universiti awam dan swasta, dan organisasi bukan untung lain untuk memelihara dan menerbitkan rekod sejarah. Sejak 1964, NHPRC telah menganugerahkan kira-kira 4,500 geran. <> Yang mana tangan NARA mengendalikan geran? || Penerbitan dan Suruhanjaya Rekod Sejarah Nasional <> Tahun apakah Penerbitan Sejarah dan Rekod Sejarah Negara ditubuhkan? || 1964 <> Berapa banyak pemberian yang diberikan oleh NHPRC? || 4,500 <> Dalam tahun apakah arsip awam dan swasta mula menerima geran? || <> Berapa banyak geran yang diberikan oleh kerajaan setiap tahun? || <> Berapa banyak kolej dan universiti memberi geran kepada pelajar setiap tahun? || <> Pada tahun 1964 apakah tumpuan kurikulum dalam kelas sejarah? || <> Apa yang terdapat dalam pertubuhan bukan keuntungan yang mengambil bahagian untuk menyokong pelajar? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which arm of NARA handles grants?", "id": "56e7767200c9c71400d77166", "answers": [{"text": "The National Historical Publications and Records Commission", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was The National Historical Publications and Records Commission established?", "id": "56e7767200c9c71400d77167", "answers": [{"text": "1964", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many grants has the NHPRC awarded?", "id": "56e7767200c9c71400d77168", "answers": [{"text": "4,500", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1964", "answer_start": 283}], "question": "In what year did public and private archives begin taking grants?", "id": "5a7b594c21c2de001afe9f34", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "4,500", "answer_start": 316}], "question": "How many grants are awarded by the government annually?", "id": "5a7b594c21c2de001afe9f35", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "4,500", "answer_start": 316}], "question": "How many colleges and universities award grants to students each year?", "id": "5a7b594c21c2de001afe9f36", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "historical records", "answer_start": 257}], "question": "In 1964 what was the focus of curriculum in history classes? ", "id": "5a7b594c21c2de001afe9f37", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "grant-making", "answer_start": 81}], "question": "What do many nonprofit organizations take part in to support students?", "id": "5a7b594c21c2de001afe9f38", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)\u2014the agency's grant-making arm\u2014awards funds to state and local governments, public and private archives, colleges and universities, and other nonprofit organizations to preserve and publish historical records. Since 1964, the NHPRC has awarded some 4,500 grants."}], ["Archivist pertama, R.D.W. Connor, mula berkhidmat pada tahun 1934, apabila Arkib Negara ditubuhkan oleh Kongres. Sebagai hasil daripada cadangan Suruhanjaya Hoover yang pertama, pada tahun 1949 Arkib Negara telah diletakkan di dalam Pentadbiran Perkhidmatan Am (GSA) yang baru dibentuk. Archivist berkhidmat sebagai pegawai bawahan kepada Pentadbir GSA sehingga Pentadbiran Arkib dan Rekod Nasional menjadi agensi independen pada 1 April 1985. <> Siapa Archivist pertama di Arkib Negara? || R.D.W. Connor <> Bilakah arkivis pertama bermula di Arkib Negara? || 1934 <> Apa cawangan kerajaan AS menubuhkan Arkib Negara? || Kongres <> Komisaris apa yang bergabung dengan Arkib Negara dengan GSA? || Komando Hoover <> The Archivist mengambil apa peranan selepas pemerbadanan Arkib Negara ke GSA? || pegawai subordinat <> Yang mula berkhidmat pada 1 April 1985? || <> Apakah profesion Hoover pada tahun 1934? || <> Adakah Hoover salah satu daripada banyak Arkivis atau dia yang pertama? || <> Dalam tahun apakah Hoover menjadi Presiden? || <> Apa yang telah ditubuhkan oleh GSA pada tahun 1949? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the first Archivist at the National Archives?", "id": "56e77ae437bdd419002c400d", "answers": [{"text": "R.D.W. Connor", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the first Archivist start at the National Archives?", "id": "56e77ae437bdd419002c400e", "answers": [{"text": "1934", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What branch of the US government established the National Archives?", "id": "56e77ae437bdd419002c400f", "answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What commission merged the National Archives with GSA?", "id": "56e77ae437bdd419002c4010", "answers": [{"text": "Hoover Commission", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Archivist took on what role after the incorporation of the Nation Archives into GSA?", "id": "56e77ae437bdd419002c4011", "answers": [{"text": "subordinate official", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "R.D.W. Connor", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "Who began serving on April 1, 1985?", "id": "5a7b5d5c21c2de001afe9f78", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Archivist", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "What was Hoover's profession in 1934?", "id": "5a7b5d5c21c2de001afe9f79", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The first", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Was Hoover one of many Archivists or was he the first?", "id": "5a7b5d5c21c2de001afe9f7a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 175}], "question": "In what year did Hoover become President?", "id": "5a7b5d5c21c2de001afe9f7b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "National Archives", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "What was established by the GSA in 1949?", "id": "5a7b5d5c21c2de001afe9f7c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The first Archivist, R.D.W. Connor, began serving in 1934, when the National Archives was established by Congress. As a result of a first Hoover Commission recommendation, in 1949 the National Archives was placed within the newly formed General Services Administration (GSA). The Archivist served as a subordinate official to the GSA Administrator until the National Archives and Records Administration became an independent agency on April 1, 1985."}], ["Pada asalnya, setiap cabang dan agensi kerajaan A.S. bertanggungjawab untuk mengekalkan dokumennya sendiri, yang sering mengakibatkan kehilangan rekod dan kemusnahan. Kongres menubuhkan Penubuhan Arkib Negara pada tahun 1934 untuk memusatkan penyimpanan rekod persekutuan, dengan Arkivis Amerika Syarikat sebagai ketua pentadbir. Arkib Negara telah diperbadankan dengan GSA pada tahun 1949; pada tahun 1985 ia menjadi agensi bebas sebagai NARA (Pentadbiran Arkib dan Rekod Negara). <> Tahun berapa adalah Penubuhan Arkib Negara ditubuhkan? || 1934 <> Pada tahun berapa NARA menjadi agensi bebas? || 1985 <> Dalam tahun apakah Arkib Negara bergabung dengan GSA? || 1949 <> Apa yang ditubuhkan oleh NARA pada tahun 1934? || <> Mengapa NARA menubuhkan Arkib Negara pada tahun 1934? || <> Siapa ketua NARA? || <> Apa yang berlaku pada asalnya apabila GSA bertanggungjawab untuk mengekalkan dokumen? || <> Apakah ketua pentadbir diperbadankan pada tahun 1949? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was the National Archives Establishment established in?", "id": "56e7784537bdd419002c3ff4", "answers": [{"text": "1934", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did NARA become an independent agency?", "id": "56e7784537bdd419002c3ff6", "answers": [{"text": "1985", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was The National Archives merged with GSA?", "id": "56e7784537bdd419002c3ff7", "answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "National Archives Establishment", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "What did NARA establish in 1934?", "id": "5a7b5c8221c2de001afe9f6e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to centralize federal record keeping", "answer_start": 228}], "question": "Why did NARA establish the National Archives in 1934?", "id": "5a7b5c8221c2de001afe9f6f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Archivist of the United States", "answer_start": 271}], "question": "Who is the head of NARA?", "id": "5a7b5c8221c2de001afe9f70", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "records loss and destruction", "answer_start": 133}], "question": "What happened originally when the GSA was responsible for maintaining documents?", "id": "5a7b5c8221c2de001afe9f71", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "GSA", "answer_start": 374}], "question": "What was the chief administrator incorporated with in 1949?", "id": "5a7b5c8221c2de001afe9f72", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Originally, each branch and agency of the U.S. government was responsible for maintaining its own documents, which often resulted in records loss and destruction. Congress established the National Archives Establishment in 1934 to centralize federal record keeping, with the Archivist of the United States as chief administrator. The National Archives was incorporated with GSA in 1949; in 1985 it became an independent agency as NARA (National Archives and Records Administration)."}], ["Archivist Amerika Syarikat adalah pegawai ketua yang menyelia operasi Pentadbiran Arkib dan Rekod Negara. Arkivis bukan sahaja mengekalkan dokumentasi rasmi bagi pindaan pindaan kepada Perlembagaan A.S. oleh badan perundangan negeri, tetapi mempunyai kuasa untuk menyatakan apabila batas perlembagaan untuk laluan telah dicapai, dan oleh itu apabila perbuatan telah menjadi suatu pindaan. <> Apakah pegawai yang mengawasi operasi NARA? || The Archivist <> Apa ahli NARA mempunyai keupayaan untuk mengisytiharkan apabila ambang batas perlembagaan telah berlaku? || The Archivist <> Apa perundangan negeri mengawasi operasi? || <> Apakah jenis dokumentasi yang dikekalkan oleh badan perundangan negeri? || <> Pihak berkuasa apa yang ada kuasa? || <> Apakah undang-undang negara memutuskan tentang perbuatan? || <> Apakah tajuk yang digunakan oleh badan perundangan negeri ketika mengawasi NARA? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the official that oversees the operation of NARA?", "id": "56e774f737bdd419002c3fcf", "answers": [{"text": "The Archivist", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What member of NARA has the ability to declare when the constitutional threshold of passage has ocurred?", "id": "56e774f737bdd419002c3fd1", "answers": [{"text": "The Archivist", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the National Archives and Records Administration", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "What do state legislatures oversee the operation of?", "id": "5a7b56c821c2de001afe9ef8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "official", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "What kind of documentation is maintained by the state legislatures?", "id": "5a7b56c821c2de001afe9ef9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to declare when the constitutional threshold for passage has been reached", "answer_start": 294}], "question": "What authority do the state legislatures have?", "id": "5a7b56c821c2de001afe9efa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "when an act has become an amendment", "answer_start": 383}], "question": "What do state legislatures decide about acts?", "id": "5a7b56c821c2de001afe9efb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "chief official", "answer_start": 42}], "question": "What is the title used by state legislatures when overseeing  NARA?", "id": "5a7b56c821c2de001afe9efc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Archivist of the United States is the chief official overseeing the operation of the National Archives and Records Administration. The Archivist not only maintains the official documentation of the passage of amendments to the U.S. Constitution by state legislatures, but has the authority to declare when the constitutional threshold for passage has been reached, and therefore when an act has become an amendment."}], ["Pejabat Daftar Persekutuan menerbitkan Peraturan Persekutuan, Kod Peraturan Persekutuan, dan Statuta Amerika Syarikat pada Besar, antara lain. Ia juga mentadbir Kolej Pemilihan. <> Pejabat apa yang menerbitkan Daftar Persekutuan? || Pejabat Daftar Persekutuan <> Pejabat apa yang mentadbir Kolej Pemilihan? || Pejabat Daftar Persekutuan <> Pejabat mana yang menerbitkan Kod Peraturan Persekutuan? || Pejabat Daftar Persekutuan <> Pejabat mana yang menerbitkan Statuta Amerika Syarikat pada Besar? || Pejabat Daftar Persekutuan <> Apa yang diterbitkan oleh Kolej Pemilihan? || <> Kod apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh Kolej Pemilihan? || <> Apakah undang-undang yang dikeluarkan oleh Kolej Pemilihan? || <> Adakah Kolej Pemilihan hanya menerbitkan Statuta AS pada Besar sahaja atau ada orang lain? || <> Pejabat apa yang dikendalikan oleh Kolej Pemilihan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What office publishes the Federal Register?", "id": "56e7756f00c9c71400d77154", "answers": [{"text": "The Office of the Federal Register", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What office administers the Electoral College?", "id": "56e7756f00c9c71400d77155", "answers": [{"text": "The Office of the Federal Register", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which office publishes the Code of Federal Regulations?", "id": "56e7756f00c9c71400d77156", "answers": [{"text": "The Office of the Federal Register", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which office publishes the United States Statutes at Large?", "id": "56e7756f00c9c71400d77157", "answers": [{"text": "The Office of the Federal Register", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Federal Register", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "What does the Electoral College publish?", "id": "5a7b57bc21c2de001afe9f16", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Code of Federal Regulations", "answer_start": 67}], "question": "What code is the Electoral College responsible for?", "id": "5a7b57bc21c2de001afe9f17", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United States Statutes at Large", "answer_start": 100}], "question": "What statutes does the Electoral College publish?", "id": "5a7b57bc21c2de001afe9f18", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "others", "answer_start": 139}], "question": "Does the Electoral College only publish the US Statutes at Large only or are there others?", "id": "5a7b57bc21c2de001afe9f19", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Office of the Federal Register", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What office does the Electoral College administer?", "id": "5a7b57bc21c2de001afe9f1a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Office of the Federal Register publishes the Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, and United States Statutes at Large, among others. It also administers the Electoral College."}], ["Pada bulan Mac 2006, ia telah diturunkan oleh Arkivis Amerika Syarikat dalam pendengaran awam bahawa memorandum persefahaman antara NARA dan pelbagai agensi kerajaan wujud untuk \"mengklasifikasikan semula\", iaitu, menarik balik dari akses awam, dokumen tertentu atas nama keselamatan kebangsaan , dan untuk melakukannya dengan cara yang sedemikian rupa sehingga para penyelidik tidak akan mengetahui prosesnya (program reklasifikasi AS). Audit menunjukkan bahawa lebih daripada satu pertiga ditarik balik sejak tahun 1999 tidak mengandungi maklumat sensitif. Program ini pada asalnya dijadualkan berakhir pada tahun 2007. <> Bilakah program pengkelasan semula pada mulanya bertujuan untuk berakhir? || 2007 <> Bagaimana reklasifikasi dokumen pada '06 didedahkan? || pendengaran awam <> Dalam tahun apakah Arkivis AS diupah? || <> Pada tahun apakah program reklasifikasi dibuat? || <> Apakah arkivis AS dan penyelidik ada antara mereka? || <> Apa yang Arkib dan penyelidik merancang untuk menarik diri atas nama keselamatan negara? || <> Akankah NARA mengetahui tentang program reklasifikasi penyelidik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the reclassification program originally intended to end?", "id": "56e77d0137bdd419002c4034", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 560}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How was the reclassification of documents in '06 revealed?", "id": "56e77d0137bdd419002c4035", "answers": [{"text": "public hearing", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "March 2006", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "In what year was the Archivist of the US hired?", "id": "5a7b5f4221c2de001afe9f8c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 560}], "question": "In what year was the reclassification program created?", "id": "5a7b5f4221c2de001afe9f8d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a memorandum of understanding", "answer_start": 94}], "question": "What did the Archivist of the US and researchers have between them?", "id": "5a7b5f4221c2de001afe9f8e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "certain documents", "answer_start": 229}], "question": "What did the Archivist and researchers plan to withdraw in the name of national security?", "id": "5a7b5f4221c2de001afe9f8f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "would not be likely to discover the process", "answer_start": 328}], "question": "Would NARA be likely to find out about the researchers reclassification program?", "id": "5a7b5f4221c2de001afe9f90", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In March 2006, it was revealed by the Archivist of the United States in a public hearing that a memorandum of understanding between NARA and various government agencies existed to \"reclassify\", i.e., withdraw from public access, certain documents in the name of national security, and to do so in a manner such that researchers would not be likely to discover the process (the U.S. reclassification program). An audit indicated that more than one third withdrawn since 1999 did not contain sensitive information. The program was originally scheduled to end in 2007."}], ["Pejabat Perkhidmatan Maklumat Kerajaan (OGIS) adalah sumber Kebebasan Maklumat (FOIA) sumber untuk orang awam dan pemerintah. Kongres telah menuduh NARA dengan mengkaji dasar FOIA, prosedur dan pematuhan agensi-agensi Persekutuan dan untuk mencadangkan perubahan kepada FOIA. Misi NARA juga termasuk menyelesaikan pertikaian FOIA antara agensi Persekutuan dan peminta. <> OGIS menyediakan apa sumber untuk kerajaan dan orang awam? || FOIA <> Apa jenis pertikaian yang biasanya diselesaikan oleh NARA? || Pertikaian FOIA <> NARA diperintahkan oleh kongres untuk mengkaji jenis dasar apa? || Dasar FOIA <> Apakah jenis cadangan yang disediakan oleh NARA kepada kongres? || perubahan kepada FOIA <> Apa jenis pertikaian yang dilakukan oleh agensi Persekutuan biasanya? || <> Apakah jenis dasar yang NARA mempunyai ulasan Kongres setiap tahun? || <> Apakah NARA mempunyai cadangan Kongres jika diperlukan? || <> Apa kumpulan yang Kongres menjadikan dirinya sebagai sumber? || <> Apakah kumpulan yang memastikan orang ramai mematuhi FOIA? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "OGIS provides what resource for the government and public?", "id": "56e777aa00c9c71400d7716e", "answers": [{"text": "FOIA", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of dispute does NARA typically resolve?", "id": "56e777aa00c9c71400d7716f", "answers": [{"text": "FOIA disputes", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "NARA is ordered by congress to review what type of policies?", "id": "56e777aa00c9c71400d77170", "answers": [{"text": "FOIA policies", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What types of recommendations does NARA provide to congress?", "id": "56e777aa00c9c71400d77171", "answers": [{"text": "changes to FOIA", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "FOIA disputes", "answer_start": 311}], "question": "What types of disputes do Federal agencies usually solve?", "id": "5a7b5b0e21c2de001afe9f5a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "FOIA policies", "answer_start": 177}], "question": "What type of policies does NARA have Congress review annually?", "id": "5a7b5b0e21c2de001afe9f5b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "changes to FOIA", "answer_start": 255}], "question": "What does NARA have Congress also recommend if needed?", "id": "5a7b5b0e21c2de001afe9f5c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the public and the government", "answer_start": 105}], "question": "What groups does Congress make itself a resource for?", "id": "5a7b5b0e21c2de001afe9f5d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Federal agencies", "answer_start": 221}], "question": "What groups does the public make sure are in compliance with FOIA?", "id": "5a7b5b0e21c2de001afe9f5e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Office of Government Information Services (OGIS) is a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) resource for the public and the government. Congress has charged NARA with reviewing FOIA policies, procedures and compliance of Federal agencies and to recommend changes to FOIA. NARA's mission also includes resolving FOIA disputes between Federal agencies and requesters."}], ["Terdapat kemudahan di seluruh negara dengan bilik penyelidikan, pegangan arkib, dan mikrofilem dokumen agensi persekutuan dan mahkamah yang berkaitan dengan setiap wilayah. <> Apakah kemudahan yang ditetapkan untuk setiap kawasan pakar AS? || dokumen agensi persekutuan dan mahkamah yang berkaitan dengan setiap rantau <> Mikrofilem dokumen dari agensi persekutuan boleh didapati di mana? || kemudahan di seluruh negara <> Bagaimana bilik mahkamah biasanya terletak? || <> Apakah satu kawasan yang tertakluk kepada pembiayaan kerajaan? || <> Kawasan tertentu biasanya di bawah bidang kuasa agensi persekutuan? || <> Jenis penyimpanan rekod apakah yang tidak lagi dihasilkan secara meluas? || <> Apa yang biasanya dihasilkan dengan banyaknya oleh agensi-agensi persekutuan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What do the facilities designated to each area of the US specialize in?", "id": "56e78c5900c9c71400d7728e", "answers": [{"text": "documents of federal agencies and courts pertinent to each region", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Microfilms of documents from federal agencies can be found where?", "id": "56e78c5900c9c71400d7728f", "answers": [{"text": "facilities across the country", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "across the country", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "How are court rooms usually situated?", "id": "5a7b7ffc21c2de001afea0a4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "research", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "What is one area that is subject to government funding?", "id": "5a7b7ffc21c2de001afea0a5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "each region", "answer_start": 152}], "question": "What areas are usually under the jurisdiction of federal agencies?", "id": "5a7b7ffc21c2de001afea0a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "microfilms", "answer_start": 84}], "question": "What type of record storage is no longer widely produced?", "id": "5a7b7ffc21c2de001afea0a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "documents", "answer_start": 98}], "question": "What is usually produced in abundance by federal agencies?", "id": "5a7b7ffc21c2de001afea0a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There are facilities across the country with research rooms, archival holdings, and microfilms of documents of federal agencies and courts pertinent to each region."}], ["Banyak rekod yang paling diminta oleh NARA sering digunakan untuk penyelidikan silsilah. Ini termasuk rekod banci dari 1790 hingga 1930, senarai penumpang kapal, dan rekod penaturalisasian. <> Selain daripada rekod banci dan senarai penumpang, apa dokumentasi NARA sangat berguna kepada ahli silsilah? || rekod pengawalan semula <> Untuk tempoh masa berapa NARA mempunyai rekod banci yang tersedia? || 1790 hingga 1930 <> Semasa apa tempoh orang Eropah berhijrah ke AS? || <> Berapa banyak penumpang biasanya di atas kapal? || <> Apa tahun terjauh yang anda boleh kembali ketika mempelajari silsilah anda? || <> Dalam tahun apakah silsilah yang paling popular? || <> Apakah kerajaan mula mengambil kira populasi pada 1790? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Besides census records and passenger lists, what NARA documents are particularly useful to genealogists?", "id": "56e786bf00c9c71400d7723c", "answers": [{"text": "naturalization records", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what time period does NARA have census records available for?", "id": "56e786bf00c9c71400d7723d", "answers": [{"text": "1790 to 1930", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1790 to 1930", "answer_start": 116}], "question": "During what period did Europeans immigrate to the US?", "id": "5a7b67b621c2de001afe9fd2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1790", "answer_start": 116}], "question": "How many passengers are typically on a ship?", "id": "5a7b67b621c2de001afe9fd3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1790", "answer_start": 116}], "question": "What is the farthest year you can go back when studying your genealogy?", "id": "5a7b67b621c2de001afe9fd4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1930", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "In what year was genealogy the most popular?", "id": "5a7b67b621c2de001afe9fd5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "census", "answer_start": 96}], "question": "What did the government start taking to count the population in 1790?", "id": "5a7b67b621c2de001afe9fd6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Many of NARA's most requested records are frequently used for genealogy research. This includes census records from 1790 to 1930, ships' passenger lists, and naturalization records."}], ["Di samping itu, Pusat Rekod Persekutuan ada di setiap rantau yang bahan rumah yang dimiliki oleh agensi Persekutuan. Pusat Rekod Persekutuan tidak dibuka untuk penyelidikan awam. Sebagai contoh, FRC di Lenexa, Kansas memegang barang-barang dari rawatan John F. Kennedy selepas menembak mati pada tahun 1963. <> Di mana ada beberapa perkara yang berkaitan dengan rawatan perubatan JFK yang ditempatkan? || Pusat Rekod Persekutuan <> Pusat Rekod Persekutuan tidak begitu membantu jenis penyelidikan? || awam <> Pusat Pusat Rekod mana yang menempatkan bahan-bahan yang berkaitan dengan pembunuhan JFK? || FRC di Lenexa, Kansas <> Bilakah JFK ditembak? || 1963 <> Pada tahun apakah JFK dipilih sebagai Presiden? || <> Di mana JFK berasal dari? || <> Siapa yang memiliki bahan yang ditempatkan untuk penyelidik awam? || <> Apa yang telah dibuka di Lenexa, Kansas pada tahun 1963 untuk penyelidikan? || <> Apakah FRC mula membenarkan kemudahannya selepas 1963? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where are some of the items relevant to JFKs medical treatments housed?", "id": "56e78cf937bdd419002c4111", "answers": [{"text": "Federal Records Centers", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Federal Records Centers are particularly unhelpful to what type of research?", "id": "56e78cf937bdd419002c4112", "answers": [{"text": "public", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Federal Records Center houses materials relevant to JFKs assassination? ", "id": "56e78cf937bdd419002c4113", "answers": [{"text": "FRC in Lenexa, Kansas", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was JFK shot?", "id": "56e78cf937bdd419002c4114", "answers": [{"text": "1963", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1963", "answer_start": 281}], "question": "In what year was JFK elected President?", "id": "5a7b816b21c2de001afea0c0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lenexa, Kansas", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "Where is JFK originally from?", "id": "5a7b816b21c2de001afea0c1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Federal agencies", "answer_start": 88}], "question": "Who owns the materials housed for public researchers?", "id": "5a7b816b21c2de001afea0c2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Federal Records Centers", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "What was open in Lenexa, Kansas in 1963 for research?", "id": "5a7b816b21c2de001afea0c3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "public research", "answer_start": 147}], "question": "What did the FRC start allowing in its facility after 1963?", "id": "5a7b816b21c2de001afea0c4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In addition, Federal Records Centers exist in each region that house materials owned by Federal agencies. Federal Records Centers are not open for public research. For example, the FRC in Lenexa, Kansas holds items from the treatment of John F. Kennedy after his fatal shooting in 1963."}], ["Bangunan Arkib Negara di pusat bandar Washington memegang koleksi rekod seperti semua rekod banci persekutuan yang ada, senarai penumpang kapal, rekod unit ketenteraan dari Revolusi Amerika ke Perang Filipina-Amerika, rekod kerajaan Gabungan, rekod Biro Freedmen, dan pencen dan rekod tanah. <> Dimana Bangunan Arkib Negara terletak? || pusat bandar Washington <> Sebilangan besar rekod banci persekutuan yang wujudnya rumah Bangunan Arkib Negara? || semua <> Apa perang terkini Bangunan Arkib Negara mempunyai rekod unit ketenteraan? || Perang Filipina-Amerika <> Apa perang paling awal Bangunan Arkib Negara mempunyai rekod unit ketenteraan untuk || Revolusi Amerika <> Di mana Biro Freedmen terletak? || <> Apakah Biro Freedmen bertanggungjawab? || <> Apakah dua contoh koleksi rekod di Biro Freedmen? || <> Apakah peperangan terawal Biro Freedmen mempunyai rekod? || <> Apa catatan perang asing disimpan di Biro Freedmen? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the National Archives Building located?", "id": "56e78b7a37bdd419002c40fd", "answers": [{"text": "downtown Washington", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What proportion of the federal census records in existence does the National Archives Building house?", "id": "56e78b7a37bdd419002c40fe", "answers": [{"text": "all", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the latest war The National Archives Building has military unit records for?", "id": "56e78b7a37bdd419002c4100", "answers": [{"text": "Philippine\u2013American War", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the earliest war The National Archives Building has military unit records for", "id": "56e78b7a37bdd419002c4101", "answers": [{"text": "American Revolution", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in downtown Washington", "answer_start": 31}], "question": "Where is the Freedmen's Bureau located?", "id": "5a7b7e6b21c2de001afea088", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "record collections", "answer_start": 60}], "question": "What is the Freedmen's Bureau responsible for?", "id": "5a7b7e6b21c2de001afea089", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "all existing federal census records, ships' passenger lists", "answer_start": 87}], "question": "What  are two examples of record collections at the Freedmen's Bureau?", "id": "5a7b7e6b21c2de001afea08a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "American Revolution", "answer_start": 179}], "question": "What is the earliest war the Freedmen's Bureau has records for?", "id": "5a7b7e6b21c2de001afea08b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Philippine\u2013American War", "answer_start": 206}], "question": "What foreign war records are kept at the Freedmen's Bureau?", "id": "5a7b7e6b21c2de001afea08c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The National Archives Building in downtown Washington holds record collections such as all existing federal census records, ships' passenger lists, military unit records from the American Revolution to the Philippine\u2013American War, records of the Confederate government, the Freedmen's Bureau records, and pension and land records."}], ["Kerana kekangan ruang, NARA membuka kemudahan kedua, dikenali sebagai tidak rasmi sebagai Archives II, pada tahun 1994 berhampiran University of Maryland, kampus College Park (8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD, 20740-6001). Terutama kerana kedekatan ini, NARA dan University of Maryland terlibat dalam inisiatif kerjasama. Kampus College Park termasuk tapak arkeologi yang disenaraikan di Daftar Negara Tempat Bersejarah pada tahun 1996. <> Apakah kemudahan kedua yang dinamakan NARA? || Arkib II <> Bilakah Arkib II dibuka? || 1994 <> Kolej apa Arkib II paling dekat? || University of Maryland <> Kolej apa yang NARA mempunyai inisiatif koperasi? || University of Maryland <> Apa kampus Universiti Maryland disenaraikan di Daftar Negara Tempat Bersejarah? || Kampus College Park <> Mengapa Universiti Maryland membuka tapak kampus yang lain? || <> Apakah senarai Negara Tempat Bersejarah dan NARA sering terlibat? || <> Pada tahun berapa Kampus College Park ditubuhkan? || <> Apakah nama kampus kedua yang dibuka oleh University of Maryland? || <> Kolej apa yang didaftarkan oleh National Register of Historic Places mempunyai inisiatif koperasi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the second facility of NARA named?", "id": "56e7896737bdd419002c40db", "answers": [{"text": "Archives II", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Archives II opened?", "id": "56e7896737bdd419002c40dc", "answers": [{"text": "1994", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What college is Archives II closest to?", "id": "56e7896737bdd419002c40dd", "answers": [{"text": "University of Maryland", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What college does NARA have cooperatives initiatives with?", "id": "56e7896737bdd419002c40de", "answers": [{"text": "University of Maryland", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What campus of University of Maryland is listed on the National Register of Historic Places?", "id": "56e7896737bdd419002c40df", "answers": [{"text": "College Park campus", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Because of space constraints", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Why did the University of Maryland open another campus site?", "id": "5a7b7bc121c2de001afea05a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cooperative initiatives", "answer_start": 287}], "question": "What do the National Register of Historic Places and NARA often engage in?", "id": "5a7b7bc121c2de001afea05b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1996", "answer_start": 431}], "question": "In what year was the College Park Campus founded?", "id": "5a7b7bc121c2de001afea05c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Archives II", "answer_start": 81}], "question": "What is the name of the second campus opened by the University of Maryland?", "id": "5a7b7bc121c2de001afea05d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "University of Maryland", "answer_start": 111}], "question": "What college does the National Register of Historic Places have cooperative initiatives with?", "id": "5a7b7bc121c2de001afea05e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Because of space constraints, NARA opened a second facility, known informally as Archives II, in 1994 near the University of Maryland, College Park campus (8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD, 20740-6001). Largely because of this proximity, NARA and the University of Maryland engage in cooperative initiatives. The College Park campus includes an archaeological site that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996."}], ["Kebanyakan rekod di NARA berada dalam domain awam, kerana kerja-kerja kerajaan persekutuan dikecualikan daripada perlindungan hak cipta. Walau bagaimanapun, rekod dari sumber lain mungkin masih dilindungi oleh perjanjian hak cipta atau penderma. Perintah Eksekutif 13526 mengarahkan agensi-agensi yang berasal untuk mendedahkan dokumen jika boleh sebelum penghantaran ke NARA untuk simpanan jangka panjang, tetapi NARA juga menyimpan beberapa dokumen terperingkat sehingga mereka dapat dikekalkan. Pejabat Pemantauan Keselamatan Maklumatnya memantau dan menetapkan dasar untuk sistem pengelasan keselamatan kerajaan A.S.. <> Sebahagian besar pegangan NARA tersedia untuk sektor? || domain awam <> Kerja kerajaan Persekutuan dikecualikan daripada perlindungan undang-undang? || hak cipta <> Beberapa rekod di NARA dilindungi oleh undang-undang? || hakcipta <> Apa arahan eksekutif mengarahkan agensi untuk mendedahkan dokumen sebelum menghantarnya ke NARA? || Perintah Eksekutif 13526 <> Apa pejabat NARA mengawasi pengurangan bahan dikelaskan? || Pejabat Pengawasan Keselamatan Maklumat <> Kebanyakan catatan penderma di pejabat ISO boleh didapati untuk kumpulan apa? || <> Apakah rekod perjanjian penderma dikecualikan daripada? || <> Apakah agensi-agensi langsung pejabat ISO lakukan? || <> Berapa lamakah dokumen yang disimpan di pejabat ISO? || <> Berapa lamakah pejabat ISO juga menyimpan dokumen yang diklasifikasikan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Most of NARA's holdings are available to sector?", "id": "56e7862c37bdd419002c40a1", "answers": [{"text": "public domain", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Federal government works are excluded from what legal protection?", "id": "56e7862c37bdd419002c40a2", "answers": [{"text": "copyright", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some records at NARA are legally protected by what?", "id": "56e7862c37bdd419002c40a3", "answers": [{"text": "copyright", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What executive order directs agencies to declassify documents before sending them to NARA?", "id": "56e7862c37bdd419002c40a4", "answers": [{"text": "Executive Order 13526", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What office of NARA oversees the declassification of classified materials?", "id": "56e7862c37bdd419002c40a5", "answers": [{"text": "Information Security Oversight Office", "answer_start": 432}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "public", "answer_start": 32}], "question": "Most donor records at the ISO office are available to what group?", "id": "5a7b668c21c2de001afe9fc8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "copyright protection", "answer_start": 100}], "question": "What are donor agreement records excluded from?", "id": "5a7b668c21c2de001afe9fc9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "declassify documents if possible before shipment to NARA", "answer_start": 269}], "question": "What does the ISO office direct agencies to do?", "id": "5a7b668c21c2de001afe9fca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "long-term", "answer_start": 330}], "question": "For how long are documents stored at the ISO office?", "id": "5a7b668c21c2de001afe9fcb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "until they can be declassified", "answer_start": 396}], "question": "For how long does the ISO office also store classified documents?", "id": "5a7b668c21c2de001afe9fcc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Most records at NARA are in the public domain, as works of the federal government are excluded from copyright protection. However, records from other sources may still be protected by copyright or donor agreements. Executive Order 13526 directs originating agencies to declassify documents if possible before shipment to NARA for long-term storage, but NARA also stores some classified documents until they can be declassified. Its Information Security Oversight Office monitors and sets policy for the U.S. government's security classification system."}], ["Sekali di dalam Rotunda untuk Charters of Freedom, tidak ada garis untuk melihat dokumen individu dan pelawat dibenarkan berjalan dari dokumen ke dokumen yang mereka mahu. Selama lebih dari 30 tahun Arkib Negara telah melarang fotografi flash tetapi kemunculan kamera dengan kilat automatik telah membuat peraturan semakin sukar untuk dikuatkuasakan. Akibatnya, semua penggambaran, pemotretan, dan rakaman video oleh orang awam di kawasan pameran telah dilarang sejak 25 Februari 2010. Sejak bila semua penggambaran dan fotografi di Rotunda untuk Piagam Kebebasan telah diharamkan? || 25 Februari 2010 <> Berapa lamakah arkib Negara dilarang fotografi kilat? || lebih 30 tahun <> Apa aspek lawatan ke Rotunda untuk Piagam Kebebasan? || tiada garis <> Apa yang membuat peraturan fotografi tidak sukar untuk dikuatkuasakan di Rotunda untuk Piagam Kebebasan? || kemunculan kamera dengan kilat automatik <> Berapa lama tidak ada garis untuk melihat dokumen individu? || <> Sejak tarikh apakah pelawat telah dibenarkan masuk ke Rotunda? || <> Tahun apa Arkib Negara terbuka kepada orang ramai? || <> Berapa lama dahulu terdapat Charters of Freedom? || <> Adakah sukar untuk menguatkuasakan larangan ke atas orang ramai yang memasuki Rotunda sebelum 25 Februari 2010? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Since when has all filming and photography in the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom been banned?", "id": "56e788ab37bdd419002c40d3", "answers": [{"text": "February 25, 2010", "answer_start": 475}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For how long has the National Archives prohibited flash photography?", "id": "56e788ab37bdd419002c40d4", "answers": [{"text": "over 30 years", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an aspect of a visit to the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom?", "id": "56e788ab37bdd419002c40d5", "answers": [{"text": "no lines", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has made the no photography rule hard to enforce in the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom?", "id": "56e788ab37bdd419002c40d6", "answers": [{"text": "advent of cameras with automatic flashes", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "over 30 years", "answer_start": 181}], "question": "How long have there been no lines to see individual documents?", "id": "5a7b6b7321c2de001afe9ffa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "February 25, 2010", "answer_start": 475}], "question": "Since what date have visitors been allowed into the Rotunda?", "id": "5a7b6b7321c2de001afe9ffb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 488}], "question": "What year did the National Archives open to the public?", "id": "5a7b6b7321c2de001afe9ffc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "30 years", "answer_start": 186}], "question": "How long ago were the Charters of Freedom found?", "id": "5a7b6b7321c2de001afe9ffd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "difficult to enforce", "answer_start": 332}], "question": "Was it difficult to enforce the ban on the public entering the Rotunda before February 25, 2010?", "id": "5a7b6b7321c2de001afe9ffe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Once inside the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom, there are no lines to see the individual documents and visitors are allowed to walk from document to document as they wish. For over 30 years the National Archives have forbidden flash photography but the advent of cameras with automatic flashes have made the rules increasingly difficult to enforce. As a result, all filming, photographing, and videotaping by the public in the exhibition areas has been prohibited since February 25, 2010."}], ["Huraian arkib mengenai pegangan tetap kerajaan persekutuan dalam tahanan NARA disimpan di dalam Katalog Penyelidikan Arkib (ARC). Huraian arkib termasuk maklumat mengenai pegangan kertas tradisional, rekod elektronik, dan artifak. Sehingga Disember 2012, katalog itu mengandungi kira-kira 10 bilion rekod data logik yang menggambarkan 527,000 artifak dan merangkumi 81% rekod NARA. Terdapat juga 922,000 salinan digital bahan-bahan yang sudah didigitalkan. <> Di mana keterangan arkib mengenai pegangan di bawah hak penjagaan NARA disimpan? || Katalog Penyelidikan Arkib (ARC) <> Sehingga akhir pertengahan Disember 2012, berapa rekod data logik disimpan di NARA? || 10 bilion <> Berapa banyak salinan digital bahan terdahulu yang telah didigitalkan pada bulan Disember 2012? || Deskripsi Archival termasuk 922,000 keping kertas, rekod elektron, dan apa? || artifak <> Rekod data 10 bilion logik dikaitkan dengan berapa banyak artifak? || 527,000 <> Dalam tahun apakah ARC dibuat? || <> Apakah kapasiti maksimum yang boleh disimpan oleh kerajaan persekutuan? || <> Berapa peratus daripada artifak sebenarnya diadakan di muzium? || <> Apakah kerajaan biasanya menyandarkan 81% jika berlaku kerosakan? || <> Berapa banyak katalog yang dihantar kepada orang setiap tahun sebenarnya boleh didigitkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where are archival descriptions of holdings under the custody of NARA stored?", "id": "56e7857c00c9c71400d77227", "answers": [{"text": "Archival Research Catalog (ARC)", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of the end mid December of 2012, how many logical data records are stored at NARA?", "id": "56e7857c00c9c71400d77228", "answers": [{"text": "10 billion", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many digital copies of previously digitized materials were there in December of 2012?", "id": "56e7857c00c9c71400d77229", "answers": [{"text": "922,000", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Archival descriptions include traditional paper holdings, electron records, and what?", "id": "56e7857c00c9c71400d7722a", "answers": [{"text": "artifacts", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The 10 billion logical data records are linked to how many artifacts?", "id": "56e7857c00c9c71400d7722b", "answers": [{"text": "527,000", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December 2012", "answer_start": 262}], "question": "In what year was the ARC created?", "id": "5a7b64d321c2de001afe9fb4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10 billion logical data records", "answer_start": 308}], "question": "What is the maximum capacity of what the federal government can store ?", "id": "5a7b64d321c2de001afe9fb5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "81%", "answer_start": 386}], "question": "What percentage of artifacts are actually held in museums?", "id": "5a7b64d321c2de001afe9fb6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "data records", "answer_start": 327}], "question": "What does the government usually back up 81% of in case of damage?", "id": "5a7b64d321c2de001afe9fb7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "922,000", "answer_start": 424}], "question": "How many catalogs sent to people each year could actually be digitized instead?", "id": "5a7b64d321c2de001afe9fb8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Archival descriptions of the permanent holdings of the federal government in the custody of NARA are stored in Archival Research Catalog (ARC). The archival descriptions include information on traditional paper holdings, electronic records, and artifacts. As of December 2012, the catalog consisted of about 10 billion logical data records describing 527,000 artifacts and encompassing 81% of NARA's records. There are also 922,000 digital copies of already digitized materials."}], ["Pusat Rekod Kebangsaan Washington (WNRC), yang terletak di Suitland, Maryland adalah kemudahan jenis gudang yang besar yang menyimpan rekod persekutuan yang masih berada di bawah kawalan agensi penciptaan. Agensi kerajaan persekutuan membayar yuran tahunan untuk penyimpanan di kemudahan itu. Selaras dengan jadual rekod persekutuan, dokumen di WNRC dipindahkan ke jagaan undang-undang Arkib Negara selepas satu titik tertentu (ini biasanya melibatkan pemindahan rekod ke College Park). Rekod sementara di WNRC sama ada disimpan untuk bayaran atau dimusnahkan selepas masa penyimpanan telah berlalu. WNRC juga menawarkan perkhidmatan penyelidikan dan mengekalkan bilik penyelidikan kecil. <> Di mana Pusat Rekod National Washington terletak? || Suitland, Maryland <> Apakah Washington Pusat Rekod Kebangsaan terutamanya menyimpan? || rekod persekutuan <> Selepas tinggal di WNRC, di mana rekod dipindahkan ke? || Arkib Negara <> Apa yang berlaku kepada rekod sementara di WNRC jika mereka tidak diambil pada akhir masa pengekalan? || dimusnahkan <> Di luar penyimpanan rekod persekutuan, apakah perkhidmatan yang disediakan oleh WNRC? || penyelidikan <> Dalam apa bandar dan negeri adalah Arkib Negara yang terletak? || <> Apakah penyelidik membayar stok di Arkib Negara? || <> Bilakah para penyelidik memindahkan dokumen ke WNRC? || <> Jenis bilik apa yang dikekalkan oleh Arkib Negara? || <> Siapa yang mengawal rekod yang disimpan oleh penyelidik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is The Washington National Records Center located?", "id": "56e78acb37bdd419002c40ed", "answers": [{"text": "Suitland, Maryland", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does The Washington National Records Center primarily store?", "id": "56e78acb37bdd419002c40ee", "answers": [{"text": "federal records", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After staying at the WNRC, where are records transferred to?", "id": "56e78acb37bdd419002c40ef", "answers": [{"text": "the National Archives", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happens to temporary records at the WNRC if they are not retrieved by the end of the retention times?", "id": "56e78acb37bdd419002c40f0", "answers": [{"text": "destroyed", "answer_start": 549}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyond the storage of federal records, what service does the WNRC provide?", "id": "56e78acb37bdd419002c40f1", "answers": [{"text": "research", "answer_start": 611}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Suitland, Maryland", "answer_start": 58}], "question": "In what city and state are the National Archives located?", "id": "5a7b7d3421c2de001afea074", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a yearly fee", "answer_start": 231}], "question": "What do researchers pay for storage at the National Archives?", "id": "5a7b7d3421c2de001afea075", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "after a certain point", "answer_start": 399}], "question": "When do researchers transfer documents to the WNRC?", "id": "5a7b7d3421c2de001afea076", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a small research room", "answer_start": 643}], "question": "What kind of room is maintained by the National Archives?", "id": "5a7b7d3421c2de001afea077", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the creating agency", "answer_start": 178}], "question": "Who has control of the records stored by researchers?", "id": "5a7b7d3421c2de001afea078", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Washington National Records Center (WNRC), located in Suitland, Maryland is a large warehouse type facility which stores federal records which are still under the control of the creating agency. Federal government agencies pay a yearly fee for storage at the facility. In accordance with federal records schedules, documents at WNRC are transferred to the legal custody of the National Archives after a certain point (this usually involves a relocation of the records to College Park). Temporary records at WNRC are either retained for a fee or destroyed after retention times has elapsed. WNRC also offers research services and maintains a small research room."}], ["Bangunan Arkib Negara, dikenali secara tidak rasmi sebagai Arkib I, terletak di utara Mall Nasional di Avenue Constitution di Washington, DC, dibuka sebagai ibu pejabat asalnya pada tahun 1935. Ia memegang salinan asal tiga dokumen formatif utama Amerika Syarikat dan kerajaan: Deklarasi Kemerdekaan, Perlembagaan, dan Rang Undang-undang Hak. Ia juga menjadi tuan rumah salinan 1297 Magna Carta yang disahkan oleh Edward I. Ini dipaparkan kepada orang awam di ruang utama Arkib Negara, yang dipanggil Rotunda untuk Charters of Freedom. Bangunan Arkib Negara juga mempamerkan dokumen sejarah penting Amerika yang lain seperti Perjanjian Pembelian Louisiana, Proklamasi Emansipasi, dan koleksi fotografi dan artifak Amerika yang signifikan secara sejarah dan budaya. <> Apakah nama tidak rasmi Bangunan Arkib Negara? || Arkib I <> Di mana jalan adalah Bangunan Arkib Negara yang terletak? || Perlembagaan Avenue <> Dimana Deklarasi Kemerdekaan disimpan? || Bangunan Arkib Negara <> Di mana dalam Arkib Negara bolehkah anda melihat salinan Magna Carta? || ruang utama <> Di mana Perjanjian Pembelian Louisiana disimpan? || Bangunan Arkib Negara <> Pada tahun apakah Proklamasi Emansipasi ditulis? || <> Di mana patung Edward I terletak? || <> Apa yang saya ingin koleksi Edward? || <> Dokumen apa yang ditulis oleh Edward I pada tahun 1297? || <> Dokumen apa yang disimpan di Pusat Kebangsaan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the informal name of The National Archives Building?", "id": "56e7877837bdd419002c40b5", "answers": [{"text": "Archives I", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what street is the The National Archives Building located?", "id": "56e7877837bdd419002c40b6", "answers": [{"text": "Constitution Avenue", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Declaration of Independence kept?", "id": "56e7877837bdd419002c40b7", "answers": [{"text": "The National Archives Building", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where in the National Archives can you view a copy of the Magna Carta?", "id": "56e7877837bdd419002c40b8", "answers": [{"text": "main chamber", "answer_start": 480}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Louisiana Purchase Treaty kept?", "id": "56e7877837bdd419002c40b9", "answers": [{"text": "The National Archives Building", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1935", "answer_start": 182}], "question": "In what year was the Emancipation Proclamation written?", "id": "5a7b6a1321c2de001afe9ff0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the main chamber of the National Archives", "answer_start": 476}], "question": "Where is a statue of Edward I located?", "id": "5a7b6a1321c2de001afe9ff1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "American artifacts", "answer_start": 818}], "question": "What did Edward I like to have a collection of?", "id": "5a7b6a1321c2de001afe9ff2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Magna Carta", "answer_start": 404}], "question": "What document was written by Edward I in 1297?", "id": "5a7b6a1321c2de001afe9ff3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights", "answer_start": 296}], "question": "What documents are kept at the National Mall?", "id": "5a7b6a1321c2de001afe9ff4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The National Archives Building, known informally as Archives I, located north of the National Mall on Constitution Avenue in Washington, D.C., opened as its original headquarters in 1935. It holds the original copies of the three main formative documents of the United States and its government: the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. It also hosts a copy of the 1297 Magna Carta confirmed by Edward I. These are displayed to the public in the main chamber of the National Archives, which is called the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom. The National Archives Building also exhibits other important American historical documents such as the Louisiana Purchase Treaty, the Emancipation Proclamation, and collections of photography and other historically and culturally significant American artifacts."}], ["Pada tahun 2011, Arkib Negara telah melancarkan Wikipedia pada Wikipedia bahasa Inggeris untuk memperluas kerjasama dalam membuat pegangannya tersedia secara meluas melalui Wikimedia. <> Pada tahun 2011, apa jenis tambahan Wikipedia yang dibuat oleh Arkib Negara? || Wikiproject <> Apa maksud mewujudkan Wikipedia? || memperluas kerjasama <> Kepunyaan siapa Arkib Negara untuk bekerjasama dengan Wikimedia? || Arkib Negara <> Apa faedah yang diperoleh oleh orang awam dari Arkib Negara yang berfungsi dengan Wikimedia? || pegangan yang tersedia secara meluas <> Bahasa yang manakah yang diterbitkan oleh Wikiproject? || Bahasa Inggeris <> Dalam bahasa apa yang Wikipedia pertama diterbitkan pada tahun 2011? || <> Apa tujuan di sebalik penciptaan Wikimedia? || <> Apa yang Wikimedia mahu disimpan dalam Arkib Negara Inggeris? || <> Apa maksud Wikipedia boleh didapati? || <> Apakah Wikipedia bahasa Inggeris ingin berkembang pada tahun 2011? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In 2011, what sort of Wikipedia addition did the National Archives make?", "id": "56e7ab3b00c9c71400d774c1", "answers": [{"text": "Wikiproject", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the purpose of creating a Wikiproject?", "id": "56e7ab3b00c9c71400d774c2", "answers": [{"text": "expand collaboration", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose idea was it for the National Archives to work with Wikimedia?", "id": "56e7ab3b00c9c71400d774c3", "answers": [{"text": "National Archives", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What benefit does public reap from the National Archives working with Wikimedia?", "id": "56e7ab3b00c9c71400d774c4", "answers": [{"text": "holdings widely available", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which language was the Wikiproject primarily created in?", "id": "56e7ab3b00c9c71400d774c5", "answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 61}], "question": "In what language was Wikipedia first published in in 2011?", "id": "5a7bb527e8bc7e001a9e1d41", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "expand collaboration", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "What is the purpose behind the creation of Wikimedia?", "id": "5a7bb527e8bc7e001a9e1d42", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a Wikiproject", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "What did Wikimedia want saved in the English National Archives?", "id": "5a7bb527e8bc7e001a9e1d43", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wikimedia", "answer_start": 151}], "question": "What did Wikipedia want its holdings available through?", "id": "5a7bb527e8bc7e001a9e1d44", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "collaboration", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "What did English Wikipedia want to expand in 2011?", "id": "5a7bb527e8bc7e001a9e1d45", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2011 the National Archives initiated a Wikiproject on the English Wikipedia to expand collaboration in making its holdings widely available through Wikimedia."}], ["NARA juga mengekalkan sistem Perpustakaan Presiden, rangkaian perpustakaan di seluruh negara untuk memelihara dan menyediakan dokumen presiden A.S. sejak Herbert Hoover. Perpustakaan Presiden termasuk: <> Agensi apa yang menjaga Sistem Pustaka Presiden? || NARA <> Apakah sistem yang memelihara dokumen Presiden AS? || Sistem Perpustakaan Presiden <> Siapa Presiden paling awal yang diwakili dalam arkib sistem Perpustakaan Presiden? || Herbert Hoover <> Di mana kawasan AS bolehkah seseorang mencari perpustakaan sistem Perpustakaan Presiden? || di seluruh negara <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh Herbert Hoover? || <> Apakah sistem yang diasaskan oleh Herbert Hoover? || <> Di mana Herbert Hoover menghabiskan banyak masanya? || <> Organisasi apa yang dimulakan oleh Hoover untuk penyimpanan dokumen? || <> Mengapa NARA mencipta Sistem Perpustakaan Presiden? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What agency maintains the Presidential Library system?", "id": "56e78dc200c9c71400d772af", "answers": [{"text": "NARA", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the system that preserves the documents of US Presidents?", "id": "56e78dc200c9c71400d772b0", "answers": [{"text": "Presidential Library system", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the earliest President that is represented in the archives of the Presidential Library system?", "id": "56e78dc200c9c71400d772b1", "answers": [{"text": "Herbert Hoover", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what area of the US can one find the Presidential Library system libraries?", "id": "56e78dc200c9c71400d772b2", "answers": [{"text": "nationwide", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Presidential Library system", "answer_start": 20}], "question": "What did Herbert Hoover maintain?", "id": "5a7b99a521c2de001afea19c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Presidential Library system", "answer_start": 20}], "question": "What is the system that Herbert Hoover founded?", "id": "5a7b99a521c2de001afea19d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Presidential Library", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "Where did Herbert Hoover spend much of his time?", "id": "5a7b99a521c2de001afea19e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "NARA", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What organization was started by Hoover for document storage?", "id": "5a7b99a521c2de001afea19f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "for preserving and making available the documents of U.S. presidents", "answer_start": 87}], "question": "Why did NARA create the Presidential Library System?", "id": "5a7b99a521c2de001afea1a0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "NARA also maintains the Presidential Library system, a nationwide network of libraries for preserving and making available the documents of U.S. presidents since Herbert Hoover. The Presidential Libraries include:"}], ["Pada bulan Mei 2008, Arkib Negara mengumumkan perjanjian lima tahun untuk mendigitalkan rekod terpilih termasuk koleksi Banci Persekutuan A.S. yang lengkap, 1790-1930, senarai penumpang dari 1820-1960 dan kad pendaftaran Draf WWII dan WWII. Perjanjian perkongsian membolehkan penggunaan eksklusif rekod digital oleh Ancestry.com untuk tempoh embargo selama 5 tahun di mana titik rekod digital akan diserahkan kepada Arkib Negara. <> Apa yang diumumkan oleh Arkib Negara pada bulan Mei 2008? || mendigitalkan rekod terpilih termasuk koleksi Banci Persekutuan A.S. yang lengkap <> Manakah laman web genealogi yang mendapat manfaat daripada pengumuman Mei 2008? || Ancestry.com <> Apa yang berlaku selepas embargo 5 tahun yang membolehkan penggunaan eksklusif rekod digital Digunakan oleh Ancestry.com? || diserahkan kepada Arkib Negara <> Apa yang diumumkan Ancestry.com pada bulan Mei 2008? || <> Seberapa jauh kembali Ancestry.com mempunyai rekod untuk silsilah? || <> Berapa tahun Ancestry.com telah terkenal dalam talian? || <> Pada tahun apakah banci Amerika Syarikat yang pertama diambil? || <> Bulan apa yang menandakan permulaan WWI? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the National Archives announce in May of 2008?", "id": "56e7a9ce00c9c71400d774a3", "answers": [{"text": "digitize selected records including the complete U.S. Federal Census Collection", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which genealogy website benefits by the May 2008 announcement?", "id": "56e7a9ce00c9c71400d774a4", "answers": [{"text": "Ancestry.com", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happens after the 5 year embargo that allows Ancestry.com exclusive use of digitized records?", "id": "56e7a9ce00c9c71400d774a7", "answers": [{"text": "turned over to the National Archives", "answer_start": 399}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a five-year agreement to digitize selected records", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "What did Ancestry.com announce in May 2008?", "id": "5a7ba69c21c2de001afea1fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1790", "answer_start": 151}], "question": "How far back does Ancestry.com have records for genealogy?", "id": "5a7ba69c21c2de001afea1fd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "5", "answer_start": 334}], "question": "How many years has Ancestry.com been prominent online?", "id": "5a7ba69c21c2de001afea1fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1820", "answer_start": 183}], "question": "In what year was the first US census taken?", "id": "5a7ba69c21c2de001afea1ff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "May", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "What month marked the beginning of WWI?", "id": "5a7ba69c21c2de001afea200", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In May 2008, the National Archives announced a five-year agreement to digitize selected records including the complete U.S. Federal Census Collection, 1790\u20131930, passenger lists from 1820\u20131960 and WWI and WWII draft registration cards. The partnership agreement allows for exclusive use of the digitized records by Ancestry.com for a 5-year embargo period at which point the digital records will be turned over to the National Archives."}], ["Dalam usaha untuk menjadikan pegangannya lebih banyak tersedia dan lebih mudah diakses, Arkib Negara mula memasuki perkongsian awam-swasta pada tahun 2006. Usaha sama dengan Google akan mendigitalkan dan menawarkan video NARA dalam talian. Apabila mengumumkan perjanjian itu, Archivist Allen Weinstein berkata bahawa program perintis ini <> Dalam tahun apakah Arkib Negara membuat langkah ke arah menjadikan pegangannya lebih banyak tersedia? || 2006 <> Apa syarikat internet besar yang bekerjasama dengan NARA untuk mendigitalkan rekod? || Google <> Apa Arkivis mengumumkan perkongsian dengan Google? || Allen Weinstein <> Apakah Google membantu NARA? || mendigitalkan dan menawarkan video NARA dalam talian <> Apa tujuan NARA dalam memasuki perkongsian awam-swasta? || untuk menjadikan pegangannya lebih luas <> Apa syarikat yang bekerja Allen Weinstein pada tahun 2006? || <> Mengapa Allen Weinstein mencipta Google pada tahun 2006? || <> Apa jenis syarikat yang dipertimbangkan Google? || <> Apakah Allen Weinstein mencipta program perintis ini? || <> Apa yang pertama kali dibuat oleh Google pada tahun 2006? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the National Archives make strides towards making its holdings more widely available?", "id": "56e78fd700c9c71400d772c7", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What large internet company has partnered with NARA to digitize records?", "id": "56e78fd700c9c71400d772c8", "answers": [{"text": "Google", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Archivist announced the partnership with Google?", "id": "56e78fd700c9c71400d772c9", "answers": [{"text": "Allen Weinstein", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Google helping NARA with?", "id": "56e78fd700c9c71400d772ca", "answers": [{"text": "digitize and offer NARA video online", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the aim of NARA in entering public-private partnerships?", "id": "56e78fd700c9c71400d772cb", "answers": [{"text": "to make its holdings more widely available", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Google", "answer_start": 184}], "question": "What company did Allen Weinstein work for in 2006?", "id": "5a7b9ed221c2de001afea1d6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to make its holdings more widely available and more easily accessible", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "Why did Allen Weinstein create Google in 2006?", "id": "5a7b9ed221c2de001afea1d7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "public\u2013private", "answer_start": 126}], "question": "What kind of company is Google considered?", "id": "5a7b9ed221c2de001afea1d8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "digitize and offer NARA video online", "answer_start": 196}], "question": "What is Allen Weinstein creating this pilot program to do?", "id": "5a7b9ed221c2de001afea1d9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "video", "answer_start": 220}], "question": "What did Google first put online in 2006?", "id": "5a7b9ed221c2de001afea1da", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In an effort to make its holdings more widely available and more easily accessible, the National Archives began entering into public\u2013private partnerships in 2006. A joint venture with Google will digitize and offer NARA video online. When announcing the agreement, Archivist Allen Weinstein said that this pilot program is"}], ["Perpustakaan dan muzium telah ditubuhkan untuk presiden lain, tetapi mereka bukan sebahagian daripada sistem perpustakaan presiden NARA, dan dikendalikan oleh yayasan swasta, masyarakat bersejarah, atau kerajaan negeri, termasuk Abraham Lincoln, Rutherford B. Hayes, William McKinley, Woodrow Perpustakaan Wilson dan Calvin Coolidge. Sebagai contoh, Perpustakaan dan Muzium Presiden Abraham Lincoln dimiliki dan dikendalikan oleh negeri Illinois. <> Perpustakaan yang ditubuhkan untuk presiden lain dikendalikan oleh yayasan swasta, masyarakat sejarah, dan entiti kerajaan apa? || kerajaan negeri <> Apa negeri beroperasi Perpustakaan Presiden Abraham Lincoln? || Illinois <> Apakah Presiden paling awal yang NARA tidak menyimpan rekod untuk sistem perpustakaan presidennya? || Abraham Lincoln <> Perpustakaan dan Muzium Presiden Abraham Lincoln dikendalikan oleh jenis entiti apa? || negeri <> Siapa yang mempunyai sejarah bersejarah? || <> Di mana anda boleh pergi ke Illinois untuk mengetahui sejarah negeri itu? || <> Kumpulan apa yang membantu membiayai NARA untuk menyokong perpustakaan dan muzium? || <> Apa negeri Abraham Lincoln? || <> Kumpulan apa yang mengendalikan perpustakaan Calvin Coolidge? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Libraries that are established for other presidents are operated by private foundations, historical societies, and what government entities?", "id": "56e78f3100c9c71400d772bf", "answers": [{"text": "state governments", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What state operates the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library?", "id": "56e78f3100c9c71400d772c0", "answers": [{"text": "Illinois", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the earliest President that NARA does not hold records for in its presidential library system?", "id": "56e78f3100c9c71400d772c1", "answers": [{"text": "Abraham Lincoln", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Abraham Lincoln's Presidential Library and Museum is operated by what type of entity?", "id": "56e78f3100c9c71400d772c2", "answers": [{"text": "state", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "presidents", "answer_start": 54}], "question": "Who have historical societies been established for?", "id": "5a7b9cb921c2de001afea1b4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Libraries and museums", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Where can you go in Illinois to learn about the history of the state?", "id": "5a7b9cb921c2de001afea1b5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "private foundations, historical societies, or state governments", "answer_start": 149}], "question": "What groups help fund NARA to support libraries and museums?", "id": "5a7b9cb921c2de001afea1b6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Illinois", "answer_start": 433}], "question": "What state was Abraham Lincoln from?", "id": "5a7b9cb921c2de001afea1b7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "private foundations", "answer_start": 149}], "question": "What group operates the Calvin Coolidge library?", "id": "5a7b9cb921c2de001afea1b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Libraries and museums have been established for other presidents, but they are not part of the NARA presidential library system, and are operated by private foundations, historical societies, or state governments, including the Abraham Lincoln, Rutherford B. Hayes, William McKinley, Woodrow Wilson and Calvin Coolidge libraries. For example, the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is owned and operated by the state of Illinois."}], ["Pada 10 Januari 2007, Arkib Negara dan Fold3.com (dahulunya Nota kaki) telah melancarkan satu projek perintis untuk mendigitalkan dokumen bersejarah dari pegangan Arkib Negara. Allen Weinstein menjelaskan bahawa kerjasama ini akan \"membolehkan akses yang lebih besar kepada kira-kira 4.5 juta muka surat dokumen penting yang kini hanya tersedia dalam format asal mereka atau pada mikrofilem\" dan \"juga akan meningkatkan usaha NARA untuk mengekalkan rekod asalnya.\" <> Pada bulan Januari 2007, apa syarikat internet yang melakukan kerjasama dengan Arkib Negara? || Fold3.com <> Apa tujuan perkongsian dengan Fold3.com? || untuk mendigitalkan dokumen bersejarah dari kepulauan Arkib Negara <> Apa Arkivis mengumumkan perkongsian dengan Fold3? || Allen Weinstein <> Dari semua manfaat perkongsian dengan Fold3, apa yang paling banyak memberi manfaat kepada publik? || akses yang lebih besar <> Apa faedah langsung yang diperoleh NARA dari perkongsian dengan Fold3? || meningkatkan usaha NARA untuk mengekalkan rekod asalnya <> Laman web apa yang dicipta pada 10 Januari 2007? || <> Berapa ramai orang biasanya melawat laman web Fold3.com setiap tahun? || <> Apakah matlamat utama laman web Footnote? || <> Apa syarikat yang pernah Allen Weinstein dahulunya bekerja? || <> Media apa yang Fold3.com menyimpan semua rekodnya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In January of 2007, what internet company did the National Archives partner with?", "id": "56e7910400c9c71400d772eb", "answers": [{"text": "Fold3.com", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the aim of the partnership with Fold3.com?", "id": "56e7910400c9c71400d772ec", "answers": [{"text": "to digitize historic documents from the National Archives holdings", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Archivist announced the partnership with Fold3?", "id": "56e7910400c9c71400d772ed", "answers": [{"text": "Allen Weinstein", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of all the benefits of the partnership with Fold3, what benefited the public at large the most?", "id": "56e7910400c9c71400d772ee", "answers": [{"text": "much greater access", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What direct benefit did NARA itself gain from the partnership with Fold3?", "id": "56e7910400c9c71400d772ef", "answers": [{"text": "enhance NARA's efforts to preserve its original records", "answer_start": 401}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Fold3.com", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "What website was created on January 10, 2007?", "id": "5a7ba0e921c2de001afea1e8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "4.5 million", "answer_start": 268}], "question": "How many people usually visit the Fold3.com website each year?", "id": "5a7ba0e921c2de001afea1e9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to preserve its original records", "answer_start": 424}], "question": "What is the main goal of the Footnote website?", "id": "5a7ba0e921c2de001afea1ea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Footnote", "answer_start": 67}], "question": "What company did Allen Weinstein formerly work for?", "id": "5a7ba0e921c2de001afea1eb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "microfilm", "answer_start": 374}], "question": "What medium did Fold3.com store all of its records on?", "id": "5a7ba0e921c2de001afea1ec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On January 10, 2007, the National Archives and Fold3.com (formerly Footnote) launched a pilot project to digitize historic documents from the National Archives holdings. Allen Weinstein explained that this partnership would \"allow much greater access to approximately 4.5 million pages of important documents that are currently available only in their original format or on microfilm\" and \"would also enhance NARA's efforts to preserve its original records.\""}], ["Pada 18 Jun 2009, Arkib Negara mengumumkan pelancaran saluran YouTube \"untuk memaparkan filem arkib yang popular, memaklumkan kepada orang ramai mengenai acara akan datang di seluruh negara, dan membawa pameran Arkib Negara kepada rakyat.\" Juga pada tahun 2009, Arkib Negara melancarkan photostream Flickr untuk berkongsi bahagian-bahagian pegangan fotografi dengan orang awam. Satu pengajaran baru dengan laman web dokumen ditayangkan pada tahun 2010 dan telah dibangunkan oleh pasukan pendidikan. Laman web ini mempunyai 3,000 dokumen, imej, dan rakaman dari pegangan Arkib. Laman ini juga mempunyai rancangan pelajaran dan alat untuk membuat aktiviti kelas dan pengajaran baru. <> Situs web gabungan Google yang mana Arkib Negara memutuskan untuk digunakan pada tahun 2009? || YouTube <> Apakah tujuan saluran YouTube Arkib Nasional berfungsi? || mempamerkan filem yang diarkibkan popular <> Apa perkhidmatan dalam talian yang Arkib Negara memutuskan untuk menggunakan untuk mempamerkan pegangan fotografi? || Flickr <> Pasukan pendidikan Archives Nasional membuat laman web dalam tahun berapa? || 2010 <> Pada tarikh apakah YouTube mula memaparkan video dalam talian? || <> Berapa banyak imej yang disimpan di laman web Flickr pada satu masa? || <> Mengapa tapak YouTube pertama dilancarkan pada tahun 2010? || <> Apa laman web yang dibuat pada tahun 2009 yang telah dibangunkan oleh orang awam? || <> Apa yang dipaparkan pada Flickr pada bulan Jun 2009 untuk membuat aktiviti kelas dan pelajaran? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which Google affiliated website did the National Archives decide to use in 2009?", "id": "56e7aa8000c9c71400d774b7", "answers": [{"text": "YouTube", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What purpose does the National Archive YouTube channel serve?", "id": "56e7aa8000c9c71400d774b8", "answers": [{"text": "showcase popular archived films", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What online service did the National Archives decide to use to showcase its photographic holdings?", "id": "56e7aa8000c9c71400d774b9", "answers": [{"text": "Flickr", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The National Archives' educational team created a website in what year?", "id": "56e7aa8000c9c71400d774ba", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "June 18, 2009", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "On what date did YouTube begin showing videos online?", "id": "5a7baa9e21c2de001afea206", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "3,000", "answer_start": 491}], "question": "How many images are stored on the Flickr website at one time?", "id": "5a7baa9e21c2de001afea207", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"to showcase popular archived films, inform the public about upcoming events around the country", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "Why was the YouTube site first launched in 2010?", "id": "5a7baa9e21c2de001afea208", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "A new teaching with documents website", "answer_start": 373}], "question": "What website was created in 2009 that was developed by the public?", "id": "5a7baa9e21c2de001afea209", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lesson plans and tools", "answer_start": 589}], "question": "What was featured on Flickr in June 2009 for creating classroom activities and lessons?", "id": "5a7baa9e21c2de001afea20a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On June 18, 2009, the National Archives announced the launching of a YouTube channel \"to showcase popular archived films, inform the public about upcoming events around the country, and bring National Archives exhibits to the people.\" Also in 2009, the National Archives launched a Flickr photostream to share portions of its photographic holdings with the general public. A new teaching with documents website premiered in 2010 and was developed by the education team. The website features 3,000 documents, images, and recordings from the holdings of the Archives. The site also features lesson plans and tools for creating new classroom activities and lessons."}], ["Pada bulan Julai 2007, Arkib Negara mengumumkan bahawa ia akan membuat koleksi Universal Newsreels dari tahun 1929 hingga 1967 untuk pembelian melalui CreateSpace, sebuah anak syarikat Amazon.com. Semasa pengumuman itu, Weinstein menyatakan bahawa perjanjian itu akan ... \"menuai faedah utama untuk orang awam dan untuk Arkib Negara.\" \"Walaupun orang ramai boleh datang ke bilik penyelidikan MD, College Park, untuk melihat filem dan menyalinnya tanpa bayaran, program baru ini akan menjadikan pegangan kami lebih mudah diakses oleh berjuta-juta orang yang tidak boleh pergi ke kawasan Washington, DC . \" Perjanjian itu juga meminta kerjasama CreateSpace untuk menyediakan Arkib Negara dengan rujukan digital dan salinan pemeliharaan filem sebagai sebahagian daripada program pemeliharaan NARA. <> Dalam tahun apakah Arkib Negara mengumumkan bahawa ia akan membuat koleksi Universal Newsreels tersedia untuk pembelian dalam talian? || 2007 <> Apa syarikat telah menjadi rakan kongsi Arkib Negara dengan membuatnya Universal Newsreels boleh didapati dalam talian? || CreateSpace <> Universal Newsreels bertarikh dari tahun mana hingga 1967 telah disediakan melalui CreateSpace? || 1929 <> Dalam tahun apakah CreateSpace mula bermitra dengan Amazon.com? || <> Siapa yang mengasaskan CreateSpace dan membantu mereka bermitra dengan Amazon.com? || <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh Amazon.com untuk bekerjasama dengan Weinstein? || <> Apa yang boleh dilihat orang ramai apabila mereka pergi ke laman web Amazon.com? || <> Berapakah kos untuk menonton filem di Amazon.com dari tahun 1929 hingga 1967? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the National Archives announce that it would make its collection of Universal Newsreels available for purchase online?", "id": "56e7a8dc00c9c71400d77499", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company did the National Archives partner with make it's Universal Newsreels available online?", "id": "56e7a8dc00c9c71400d7749a", "answers": [{"text": "CreateSpace", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Universal Newsreels dated from which year up to 1967 were made available through CreateSpace?", "id": "56e7a8dc00c9c71400d7749d", "answers": [{"text": "1929", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 8}], "question": "In what year did CreateSpace begin partnering with Amazon.com?", "id": "5a7ba34d21c2de001afea1f2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Weinstein", "answer_start": 211}], "question": "Who founded CreateSpace and helped them partner with Amazon.com?", "id": "5a7ba34d21c2de001afea1f3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "reap major benefits for the public-at-large", "answer_start": 257}], "question": "What did Amazon.com think partnering with Weinstein would accomplish?", "id": "5a7ba34d21c2de001afea1f4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "films", "answer_start": 414}], "question": "What can the public view when they go to the Amazon.com website?", "id": "5a7ba34d21c2de001afea1f5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "no charge", "answer_start": 442}], "question": "How much does it cost to view films on Amazon.com from 1929 to 1967?", "id": "5a7ba34d21c2de001afea1f6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In July 2007, the National Archives announced it would make its collection of Universal Newsreels from 1929 to 1967 available for purchase through CreateSpace, an Amazon.com subsidiary. During the announcement, Weinstein noted that the agreement would \"... reap major benefits for the public-at-large and for the National Archives.\" Adding, \"While the public can come to our College Park, MD research room to view films and even copy them at no charge, this new program will make our holdings much more accessible to millions of people who cannot travel to the Washington, DC area.\" The agreement also calls for CreateSpace partnership to provide the National Archives with digital reference and preservation copies of the films as part of NARA's preservation program."}]], [["Pada tahun 1958 sebagai sebahagian daripada eksperimen, Operasi Argus, Tentera Laut Amerika Syarikat meletupkan bom atom 160 kilometer (100 batu) tinggi di atmosfera atas kira-kira 175 kilometer (109 mi) tenggara pulau utama. <> Tahun apakah bom atom diletupkan berhampiran pulau itu? || 1958 <> Ujian negara apa yang meletupkan bom atom berhampiran pulau itu? || Amerika Syarikat <> Semasa misi itu Tentera AS meletupkan bom atom? || <> Apa yang diletupkan semasa Tentera Laut Operasi pada tahun 1958? || <> Di manakah bom nuklear diletupkan? || <> Bilakah atmosfera atas meletupkan bom atom? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was an atomic bomb detonated near the island?", "id": "56e7c46400c9c71400d7759b", "answers": [{"text": "1958", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country test detonated an atomic bomb near the island?", "id": "56e7c46400c9c71400d7759c", "answers": [{"text": "United States", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Operation Argus", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "During which mission did the US Army detonate an atomic bomb?", "id": "5ad3cd38604f3c001a3ff17b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "atomic bomb", "answer_start": 87}], "question": "What was detonated during Operation Navy in 1958?", "id": "5ad3cd38604f3c001a3ff17c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "about 175 kilometres (109 mi) southeast of the main island.", "answer_start": 152}], "question": "Where was the nuclear bomb detonated?", "id": "5ad3cd38604f3c001a3ff17d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1958", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did the upper atmosphere detonate an atomic bomb?", "id": "5ad3cd38604f3c001a3ff17e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1958 as part of an experiment, Operation Argus, the United States Navy detonated an atomic bomb 160 kilometres (100 mi) high in the upper atmosphere about 175 kilometres (109 mi) southeast of the main island."}], ["Pada 12 Januari 1938 oleh Surat Paten kepulauan itu diisytiharkan sebagai pergantungan Saint Helena. Sebelum kira-kira tempoh ini, kapal-kapal lulus berhenti secara tidak sengaja di pulau itu untuk tempoh masa seminit. <> tahun apakah pulau-pulau yang diisytiharkan bergantung kepada santo helena? || 1938 <> Bilakah Saint Helena mengisytiharkan pergantungan kepulauan? || <> Apa yang mengisytiharkan Saint Helena sebagai pergantungan pulau? || <> Berapa lamakah Surat Paten berhenti di pulau itu? || <> Bilakah Surat Paten mengisytiharkan pergantungan kepulauan? || <> Bilakah pulau-pulau yang diisytiharkan bebas dari Saint Helena? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "what year were the islands declared dependent of saint helena?", "id": "56e7c3a600c9c71400d77591", "answers": [{"text": "1938", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "12 January 1938", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When was Saint Helena declared a dependency of the islands?", "id": "5ad3cb6c604f3c001a3ff11b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Letters Patent", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "What declared Saint Helena a dependency of the islands?", "id": "5ad3cb6c604f3c001a3ff11c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a period of mere hours.", "answer_start": 175}], "question": "For how long did Letters Patent stop at the island?", "id": "5ad3cb6c604f3c001a3ff11d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "12 January 1938", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When was Letters Patent declared a dependency of the islands?", "id": "5ad3cb6c604f3c001a3ff11e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "12 January 1938", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When were the islands declared independent from Saint Helena?", "id": "5ad3cb6c604f3c001a3ff11f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On 12 January 1938 by Letters Patent the islands were declared a dependency of Saint Helena. Prior to roughly this period, passing ships stopped irregularly at the island for a period of mere hours."}], ["Tristan da Cunha adalah sebahagian daripada wilayah Saint Helena, Ascension dan Tristan da Cunha di luar negeri Inggeris. Ini termasuk Saint Helena dan Pulau Ascension khatulistiwa kira-kira 3,730 kilometer (2,318 mi) di utara Tristan. Pulau ini mempunyai penduduk 267 sehingga Januari 2016. <> Wilayah mana yang menjadi bahagian Tristan da Cunha? || wilayah Inggeris di Saint Helena <> Apa populasi pulau itu? || 267 <> apa pulau lain dimasukkan ke dalam wilayah itu? || Pulau Ascension <> Wilayah mana yang merupakan bahagian Saint Helena? || <> Wilayah manakah bahagian Axcension? || <> Wilayah mana Inggeris di seberang laut? || <> Apa yang terletak 3,730 batu di utara Tristan? || <> Pulau mana yang terletak 3,730 kilometer selatan Tristan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "what territory is Tristan da Cunha part of?", "id": "56e7814300c9c71400d771db", "answers": [{"text": "the British overseas territory of Saint Helena", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the population of the island?", "id": "56e7814300c9c71400d771dc", "answers": [{"text": "267", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what other island is included in the territory?", "id": "56e7814300c9c71400d771dd", "answers": [{"text": "Ascension Island", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tristan da Cunha", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Which territory is Saint Helena part of?", "id": "5ad3b998604f3c001a3fee7d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tristan da Cunha", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Which territory is Axcension part of?", "id": "5ad3b998604f3c001a3fee7e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tristan da Cunha", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Which territory is British overseas a part of?", "id": "5ad3b998604f3c001a3fee7f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ascension Island", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "What is located 3,730 miles north of Tristan?", "id": "5ad3b998604f3c001a3fee80", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ascension Island", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "Which Island is located 3,730 kilometres south of Tristan?", "id": "5ad3b998604f3c001a3fee81", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Tristan da Cunha is part of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. This includes Saint Helena and equatorial Ascension Island some 3,730 kilometres (2,318 mi) to the north of Tristan. The island has a population of 267 as of January 2016."}], ["Pada tahun 1867, Putera Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh dan anak kedua Ratu Victoria, melawat pulau-pulau itu. Pemukiman utama, Edinburgh dari Tujuh Laut, dinamakan sempena lawatannya. Saudara lelaki termuda Lewis Carroll, Reverend Edwin Heron Dodgson, berkhidmat sebagai mubaligh Anglican dan guru sekolah di Tristan da Cunha pada tahun 1880-an. <> dalam tahun berapa Putera Alfred melawat pulau itu? || 1867 <> apakah penyelesaian utama yang dinamakan? || Edinburgh dari Tujuh Laut <> yang adik bongsu Lewis Carroll? || Pendeta Edwin Heron Dodgson <> Bilakah anak ketiga dari Queen Victoria melawat pulau itu? || <> Bilakah Queen Victoria melawat pulau-pulau itu? || <> Bilakah Edwin Heron melawat pulau-pulau itu? || <> Bilakah Lewis Carroll Dodgson melawat pulau-pulau itu? || <> Bilakah Tristan da Cunha melawat pulau-pulau itu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "in what year did Prince Alfred visit the island?", "id": "56e78ff500c9c71400d772d1", "answers": [{"text": "1867", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what was the main settlement named?", "id": "56e78ff500c9c71400d772d2", "answers": [{"text": "Edinburgh of the Seven Seas", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "who is Lewis Carroll's youngest brother?", "id": "56e78ff500c9c71400d772d3", "answers": [{"text": "Reverend Edwin Heron Dodgson", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1867", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did the third son of Queen Victoria visit the islands?", "id": "5ad3ca12604f3c001a3ff0c7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1867", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did Queen Victoria visit the islands?", "id": "5ad3ca12604f3c001a3ff0c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1867", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did Edwin Heron visit the islands?", "id": "5ad3ca12604f3c001a3ff0c9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1867", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did Lewis Carroll Dodgson visit the islands?", "id": "5ad3ca12604f3c001a3ff0ca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1867", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did Tristan da Cunha visit the islands?", "id": "5ad3ca12604f3c001a3ff0cb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1867, Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and second son of Queen Victoria, visited the islands. The main settlement, Edinburgh of the Seven Seas, was named in honour of his visit. Lewis Carroll's youngest brother, the Reverend Edwin Heron Dodgson, served as an Anglican missionary and schoolteacher in Tristan da Cunha in the 1880s."}], ["Pulau-pulau itu diduduki oleh garnison Marin British dan penduduk awam secara beransur-ansur dibina. Pengkabir juga ditubuhkan di pulau-pulau sebagai pangkalan untuk operasi di Atlantik Selatan. Walau bagaimanapun, pembukaan Terusan Suez pada tahun 1869, bersama-sama dengan langkah beransur-ansur dari kapal belayar ke kapal stim arang batu, meningkatkan pengasingan pulau-pulau, kerana mereka tidak lagi diperlukan sebagai pelabuhan berhenti atau untuk perlindungan untuk perjalanan dari Eropah ke Asia Timur. <> apakah satu sebab yang menyebabkan pulau itu kurang digunakan? || pembukaan Terusan Suez <> Oleh siapa kapal berlayar? || <> Siapa yang menggunakan pulau-pulau sebagai pangkalan di Atlantik Utara? || <> Terusan mana yang dibuka pada tahun 1689? || <> Apa pengurangan pengasingan di pulau-pulau? || <> Bilakah terusan Asia Timur dibuka? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "what is one reason that caused the island to become less used?", "id": "56e7921a37bdd419002c4171", "answers": [{"text": "the opening of the Suez Canal", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a garrison of British Marines", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "By who was the sailing ships occupied?", "id": "5ad3c98e604f3c001a3ff09f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Whalers", "answer_start": 109}], "question": "Who used the islands as a base in the Northern Atlantic?", "id": "5ad3c98e604f3c001a3ff0a0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Suez Canal", "answer_start": 223}], "question": "Which canal was opened in 1689?", "id": "5ad3c98e604f3c001a3ff0a1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, together with the gradual move from sailing ships to coal-fired steam ships", "answer_start": 208}], "question": "What decreased isolation in the islands?", "id": "5ad3c98e604f3c001a3ff0a2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1869", "answer_start": 237}], "question": "When was the East Asia canal opened?", "id": "5ad3c98e604f3c001a3ff0a3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The islands were occupied by a garrison of British Marines and a civilian population was gradually built up. Whalers also set up on the islands as a base for operations in the Southern Atlantic. However, the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, together with the gradual move from sailing ships to coal-fired steam ships, increased the isolation of the islands, as they were no longer needed as a stopping port or for shelter for journeys from Europe to East Asia."}], ["Pada tahun 1816, United Kingdom menduduki pulau-pulau, memerintah mereka dari Cape Colony di Afrika Selatan. Ini dilaporkan sebahagian besarnya merupakan langkah untuk memastikan bahawa Perancis tidak dapat menggunakan pulau-pulau itu sebagai pangkalan untuk operasi penyelamatan untuk membebaskan Napoleon Bonaparte dari penjaranya di Saint Helena. Pendudukan itu juga menghalang Amerika Syarikat daripada menggunakan Tristan da Cunha sebagai pangkalan kapal penjelajah, seperti yang berlaku semasa Perang 1812. <> tahun berapakah penjajahan Inggeris di pulau-pulau itu? || 1816 <> di manakah UK memerintah pulau itu? || Afrika Selatan <> Dalam tahun apakah pulau-pulau itu menyenaraikan United Kingdom? || <> Dari mana pulau-pulau memerintah United Kingdom? || <> Bilakah pulau-pulau yang dilampirkan oleh Napoleon Bonaparte? || <> Di manakah penjara Tristan da Cunha terletak? || <> Apa yang menghalang AS menggunakan Napoleon Bonaparte sebagai pangkalan kapal penjelajah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "in what year did the UK annex the islands?", "id": "56e78d1b37bdd419002c4119", "answers": [{"text": "1816", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "where did the UK rule the islands from?", "id": "56e78d1b37bdd419002c411a", "answers": [{"text": "South Africa", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1816", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "In what year did the islands annex the United Kingdom?", "id": "5ad3c4e8604f3c001a3fefcd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cape Colony in South Africa", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "From where did the islands rule the United Kingdom?", "id": "5ad3c4e8604f3c001a3fefce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1816", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When were the islands annexed by Napoleon Bonaparte?", "id": "5ad3c4e8604f3c001a3fefcf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Saint Helena", "answer_start": 289}], "question": "Where was the prison of Tristan da Cunha located?", "id": "5ad3c4e8604f3c001a3fefd0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The occupation", "answer_start": 303}], "question": "What prevented the US from using Napoleon Bonaparte as a cruiser base?", "id": "5ad3c4e8604f3c001a3fefd1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1816, the United Kingdom annexed the islands, ruling them from the Cape Colony in South Africa. This is reported to have primarily been a measure to ensure that the French would be unable to use the islands as a base for a rescue operation to free Napoleon Bonaparte from his prison on Saint Helena. The occupation also prevented the United States from using Tristan da Cunha as a cruiser base, as it had during the War of 1812."}], ["Penduduk tetap pertama adalah Jonathan Lambert, dari Salem, Massachusetts, Amerika Syarikat, yang tiba di kepulauan itu pada bulan Disember 1810 dengan dua lelaki lain. Lambert secara terbuka mengisytiharkan pulau-pulau itu harta miliknya dan menamakan mereka Kepulauan Refreshment. Setelah disertai oleh Andrew Millet, tiga dari empat lelaki itu meninggal pada tahun 1812; Walau bagaimanapun, yang terselamat di kalangan tiga peneroka asli, Thomas Currie (atau Tommaso Corri) tetap sebagai petani di pulau itu. <> apakah nama peneroka jangka panjang yang pertama? || Jonathan Lambert <> tahun berapa orang peneroka pertama tiba? || Disember 1810 <> apa yang salah seorang peneroka menamakan semula pulau-pulau itu? || Islands of Refreshment <> Dari manakah peneroka tetap terakhir ke pulau-pulau? || <> Siapa peneroka terakhir yang kekal di pulau itu? || <> Pada bulan 1810 apakah pendatang tetap terakhir tiba di kepulauan? || <> Di mana tahun peneroka kekal di pulau itu? || <> Di manakah satu-satunya yang selamat, Thomas Currie, kekal seorang lelaki mati? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "what was the name of the first long term settler? ", "id": "56e78afc37bdd419002c40f7", "answers": [{"text": "Jonathan Lambert", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what year did the first permanent settler arrive?", "id": "56e78afc37bdd419002c40f8", "answers": [{"text": "December 1810", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what did one of the settlers rename the islands?", "id": "56e78afc37bdd419002c40f9", "answers": [{"text": "Islands of Refreshment", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Salem, Massachusetts, United States", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "From where was the last permanent settler to the islands?", "id": "5ad3bc9e604f3c001a3feef1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jonathan Lambert", "answer_start": 32}], "question": "Who was the last permanent settler to the islands?", "id": "5ad3bc9e604f3c001a3feef2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December", "answer_start": 122}], "question": "In which month of 1810 did the last permanent settler arrive to the islands?", "id": "5ad3bc9e604f3c001a3feef3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1810", "answer_start": 131}], "question": "In which year did the last permanent settler arrive at the islands?", "id": "5ad3bc9e604f3c001a3feef4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the island", "answer_start": 450}], "question": "Where did the only survivor, Thomas Currie, remain a dead man?", "id": "5ad3bc9e604f3c001a3feef5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The first permanent settler was Jonathan Lambert, from Salem, Massachusetts, United States, who arrived at the islands in December 1810 with two other men. Lambert publicly declared the islands his property and named them the Islands of Refreshment. After being joined by an Andrew Millet, three of the four men died in 1812; however, the survivor among the original three permanent settlers, Thomas Currie (or Tommaso Corri) remained as a farmer on the island."}], ["Semasa Perang Dunia II, pulau-pulau itu digunakan sebagai rahsia tertinggi Tentera Laut Diraja dan stesen radio bernama HMS Atlantic Isle, untuk mengawasi bot-bot Nazi U (yang diperlukan untuk mengekalkan hubungan radio) dan pergerakan perkapalan di Lautan Atlantik Selatan. Pentadbir pertama, Pakar Bedah Leftenan Komander E.J.S. Woolley, dilantik oleh kerajaan British pada masa ini. <> Semasa perang apa pulau itu digunakan sebagai stesen Tentera Laut Diraja? || Perang Dunia II <> Apakah nama kod pulau semasa Perang Dunia II? || HMS Atlantic Isle <> Siapa pentadbir semasa Perang Dunia II untuk pulau itu? || Pakar Bedah Leftenan Komander E.J.S. Woolley <> Apakah pulau yang digunakan semasa Perang Dunia I? || <> Apa kod-nama pulau yang dinamakan semasa Perang Dunia I? || <> Pulau-pulau digunakan sebagai pangkalan semasa Perang Dunia I untuk memantau jenis bot apa? || <> Jenis hubungan apa yang diperlukan oleh Angkatan Laut U-bot? || <> Oleh siapa yang dilantik oleh pentadbir kedua? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "During what war was the island used as a Royal Navy station?", "id": "56e7c43300c9c71400d77593", "answers": [{"text": "World War II", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the islands codename during World War II?", "id": "56e7c43300c9c71400d77594", "answers": [{"text": "HMS Atlantic Isle", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the administrator during World War II for the island?", "id": "56e7c43300c9c71400d77595", "answers": [{"text": "Surgeon Lieutenant Commander E.J.S. Woolley", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "top secret Royal Navy weather and radio station", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "What were the islands used as during World War I?", "id": "5ad3ccd4604f3c001a3ff167", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "HMS Atlantic Isle", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "What were the islands code-named during World War I?", "id": "5ad3ccd4604f3c001a3ff168", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nazi U-boats", "answer_start": 136}], "question": "The islands were used as a base during World War I to monitor what type of boats?", "id": "5ad3ccd4604f3c001a3ff169", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "radio", "answer_start": 182}], "question": "What kind of contact were Navy U-boats required to maintain?", "id": "5ad3ccd4604f3c001a3ff16a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "British government", "answer_start": 340}], "question": "By who was the second administrator appointed?", "id": "5ad3ccd4604f3c001a3ff16b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During World War II, the islands were used as a top secret Royal Navy weather and radio station codenamed HMS Atlantic Isle, to monitor Nazi U-boats (which were required to maintain radio contact) and shipping movements in the South Atlantic Ocean. The first Administrator, Surgeon Lieutenant Commander E.J.S. Woolley, was appointed by the British government during this time."}], ["Pulau-pulau pertama kali dilihat pada tahun 1506 oleh penjelajah Portugis Trist\u00e3o da Cunha; laut kasar menghalang pendaratan. Beliau menamakan pulau utama selepas dirinya, Ilha de Trist\u00e3o da Cunha, yang telah diperkatakan dari terawal mengenai carta British Admiralty ke Tristan da Cunha Island. Sesetengah sumber menyatakan bahawa Portugis membuat pendaratan pertama pada 1520, ketika L\u00e1s Rafael yang diketuai oleh Ruy Vaz Pereira memanggil Tristan untuk air. Pendaratan pertama yang tidak dipertikaikan dibuat pada tahun 1643 oleh kru Heemstede, yang diketuai oleh Claes Gerritsz Bierenbroodspot. <> pada tahun apakah pulau-pulau pertama kali dilihat? || 1506 <> apakah nama penjelajah yang melihatnya? || Trist\u00e3o da Cunha <> yang merupakan pulau utama yang dinamakan? || Penjelajah Portugis Trist\u00e3o da Cunha <> tahun berapa dikatakan pendaratan pulau pertama dibuat? || 1520 <> Siapa yang pertama melihat Kepulauan pada tahun 1643? || <> Siapa yang membuat pendaratan pertama yang tidak dapat dipertikaikan pada tahun 1506? || <> Siapa kapten Tristan da Cunha? || <> Bilakah beberapa sumber mengatakan bahawa British membuat pendaratan pertama? || <> Dengan siapa yang dikatakan Las Gerritsz? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "in what year were the islands first sighted?", "id": "56e7828337bdd419002c4061", "answers": [{"text": "1506", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what was the name of the explorer that sighted them?", "id": "56e7828337bdd419002c4062", "answers": [{"text": "Trist\u00e3o da Cunha", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "who was the main island named after?", "id": "56e7828337bdd419002c4063", "answers": [{"text": "Portuguese explorer Trist\u00e3o da Cunha", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what year was it said the first island landing was made?", "id": "56e7828337bdd419002c4064", "answers": [{"text": "1520", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Trist\u00e3o da Cunha", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "Who first sighted the Islands in 1643?", "id": "5ad3bac0604f3c001a3feeaf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "crew of the Heemstede", "answer_start": 483}], "question": "Who made the first undisputed landing in 1506?", "id": "5ad3bac0604f3c001a3feeb0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Claes Gerritsz Bierenbroodspot", "answer_start": 519}], "question": "Who was the captain of the Tristan da Cunha?", "id": "5ad3bac0604f3c001a3feeb1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1520", "answer_start": 346}], "question": "When do some sources say the British made the first landing?", "id": "5ad3bac0604f3c001a3feeb2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ruy Vaz Pereira", "answer_start": 385}], "question": "By who was the Las Gerritsz captained?", "id": "5ad3bac0604f3c001a3feeb3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The islands were first sighted in 1506 by Portuguese explorer Trist\u00e3o da Cunha; rough seas prevented a landing. He named the main island after himself, Ilha de Trist\u00e3o da Cunha, which was anglicised from its earliest mention on British Admiralty charts to Tristan da Cunha Island. Some sources state that the Portuguese made the first landing in 1520, when the L\u00e1s Rafael captained by Ruy Vaz Pereira called at Tristan for water. The first undisputed landing was made in 1643 by the crew of the Heemstede, captained by Claes Gerritsz Bierenbroodspot."}], ["Tristan da Cunha / tr\u026ast\u0259n d\u0259 ku\u02d0nj\u0259 /, secara koloni Tristan, adalah kumpulan terpencil kepulauan gunung berapi di selatan Lautan Atlantik dan pulau utama kumpulan itu. Ia adalah kepulauan yang paling jauh dihuni di dunia, terletak 2,000 kilometer (1,200 mi) dari tanah yang terdekat, Saint Helena, 2,400 kilometer (1,500 mi) dari tanah kontinental terdekat, Afrika Selatan, dan 3,360 kilometer (2,090 mi) dari Amerika Selatan. Wilayah ini terdiri dari pulau utama, juga bernama Tristan da Cunha, yang mempunyai panjang utara-selatan 11,27 kilometer (7,00 mil) dan memiliki luas 98 km persegi (38 mil persegi), bersama dengan Kepulauan Nightingale yang tidak berpenghuni dan rizab hidupan liar Kepulauan yang Tak Dapat Diakses dan Gough. <> jenis pulau apa yang Tristan da Cunha || gunung berapi <> di mana kepulauan Tristan da Cunha terletak? || selatan lautan lautan <> berapa kilometer persegi pulau itu? || 98 <> jenis pulau apa pulau? || kepulauan <> WHat adalah nama untuk kilometer utama kumpulan? || <> Di manakah kepulauan yang paling kurang dihuni di dunia? || <> Apakah nama kumpulan kumpulan gunung berapi terpencil di Lautan Atlantik Utara? || <> Apakah nama kumpulan kumpulan gunung berapi terpencil di selatan Lautan Pasifik? || <> Apakah nama kumpulan rizab hidupan liar yang jauh di Lautan Atlantik Utara? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "what type of islands are the Tristan da Cunha", "id": "56e77fd737bdd419002c4045", "answers": [{"text": "volcanic", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "where are the islands of Tristan da Cunha located?", "id": "56e77fd737bdd419002c4046", "answers": [{"text": "south Atlantic Ocean", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "how many square kilometres  is the island?", "id": "56e77fd737bdd419002c4047", "answers": [{"text": "98", "answer_start": 588}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what type of island group are the islands?", "id": "56e77fd737bdd419002c4048", "answers": [{"text": "archipelago", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tristan", "answer_start": 53}], "question": "WHat is the name for the main kilometres of the group?", "id": "5ad3b8ce604f3c001a3fee59", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tristan", "answer_start": 53}], "question": "Which is the least remotely inhabited archipelago in the world?", "id": "5ad3b8ce604f3c001a3fee5a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tristan da Cunha", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is the name for the group of remote volcanic islands in the north Atlantic Ocean?", "id": "5ad3b8ce604f3c001a3fee5b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tristan da Cunha", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is the name for the group of remote volcanic islands in the south Pacific Ocean?", "id": "5ad3b8ce604f3c001a3fee5c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tristan da Cunha", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is the name for the group of remote wildlife reserves in the north Atlantic Ocean?", "id": "5ad3b8ce604f3c001a3fee5d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Tristan da Cunha /\u02c8tr\u026ast\u0259n d\u0259 \u02c8ku\u02d0nj\u0259/, colloquially Tristan, is both a remote group of volcanic islands in the south Atlantic Ocean and the main island of that group. It is the most remote inhabited archipelago in the world, lying 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) from the nearest inhabited land, Saint Helena, 2,400 kilometres (1,500 mi) from the nearest continental land, South Africa, and 3,360 kilometres (2,090 mi) from South America. The territory consists of the main island, also named Tristan da Cunha, which has a north\u2013south length of 11.27 kilometres (7.00 mi) and has an area of 98 square kilometres (38 sq mi), along with the smaller, uninhabited Nightingale Islands and the wildlife reserves of Inaccessible and Gough Islands."}], ["Pada 4 Disember 2007, wabak selesema yang disebabkan oleh virus yang teruk dilaporkan. Wabak ini dikompaun oleh kekurangan bekalan perubatan yang sesuai dan mencukupi oleh Tristan. <> tahun berapa selesema virus yang dilaporkan? || 2007 <> Apa yang dilaporkan pada 20 Disember 2004? || <> Bilakah terdapat wabak selesema yang disebabkan oleh virus yang teruk pada bulan? || <> Apa yang berlimpah di pulau Tristan? || <> Bilakah berlaku wabak bekalan perubatan? || <> Bilakah wabak Tristan melanda pulau-pulau? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "what year was a virus induced flu reported?", "id": "56e7c63237bdd419002c43ec", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "acute virus-induced flu", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "What was reported on December 20, 2004?", "id": "5ad3ceea604f3c001a3ff1cf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "4 December 2007", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When was there an outbreak of acute virus-induced flu on the moon?", "id": "5ad3ceea604f3c001a3ff1d0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "medical supplies", "answer_start": 149}], "question": "What was in abundance on the island of Tristan?", "id": "5ad3ceea604f3c001a3ff1d1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "4 December 2007", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did the medical supply outbreak occur?", "id": "5ad3ceea604f3c001a3ff1d2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "4 December 2007", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did the Tristan outbreak hit the islands?", "id": "5ad3ceea604f3c001a3ff1d3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On 4 December 2007 an outbreak of an acute virus-induced flu was reported. This outbreak was compounded by Tristan's lack of suitable and sufficient medical supplies."}], ["Pada 23 Mei 2001, pulau-pulau mengalami taufan extratropical yang menghasilkan angin sehingga 190 kilometer sejam (120 mph). Beberapa struktur rosak teruk dan sebilangan besar lembu terbunuh, menyebabkan bantuan kecemasan, yang disediakan oleh kerajaan British. <> Pada tahun apakah pulau itu dilanda taufan extratropical? || 2001 <> Siapa yang memberikan bantuan untuk taufan extratropical? || Kerajaan British <> Apa yang berlaku pada 19 Mei 2023? || <> Berapakah kelajuan angin yang dihasilkan daripada taufan pada 23 Mei 2001? || <> Siapa yang menyediakan lembu ke kawasan berikut siklon? || <> Apa yang diberikan kepada kawasan itu oleh lembu selepas ribut? || <> Dalam batu, apakah yang bersamaan dengan 120 kilometer sejam? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was the island hit by an extratropical cyclone?", "id": "56e7c53b00c9c71400d775a5", "answers": [{"text": "2001", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who provided aid for the extratropical cyclone?", "id": "56e7c53b00c9c71400d775a6", "answers": [{"text": "the British government", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "extratropical cyclone", "answer_start": 43}], "question": "What happened on May 19, 2023?", "id": "5ad3ce4d604f3c001a3ff1b5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "up to 190 kilometres per hour", "answer_start": 86}], "question": "How high were the wind speeds generated from the hurricane on May 23, 2001?", "id": "5ad3ce4d604f3c001a3ff1b6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "British government", "answer_start": 255}], "question": "Who provided cattle to the area following the cyclone?", "id": "5ad3ce4d604f3c001a3ff1b7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "emergency aid", "answer_start": 224}], "question": "What was provided to the area by cattle after the storm?", "id": "5ad3ce4d604f3c001a3ff1b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "190", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "In miles, what is the equivalent of 120 kilometres per hour?", "id": "5ad3ce4d604f3c001a3ff1b9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On 23 May 2001, the islands experienced an extratropical cyclone that generated winds up to 190 kilometres per hour (120 mph). A number of structures were severely damaged and a large number of cattle were killed, prompting emergency aid, provided by the British government."}], ["Pulau utama biasanya gunung. Satu-satunya kawasan rata adalah di pantai barat laut, yang merupakan lokasi satu-satunya penyelesaian, Edinburgh dari Tujuh Laut. Titik tertinggi ialah gunung berapi yang dipanggil Paya Queen Mary 2,062 meter (6,765.1 kaki), yang diliputi salji pada musim sejuk. Pulau-pulau lain kumpulan tidak berpenghuni, kecuali sebuah stesen cuaca dengan kakitangan enam di Pulau Gough, yang telah dikendalikan oleh Afrika Selatan sejak tahun 1956 (sejak tahun 1963 di lokasi sekarang di Transvaal Bay di pantai tenggara). <> Apa yang terletak di pantai selatan-barat? || <> Apakah nama penempatan yang terletak di pantai selatan-barat? || <> Di mana titik terendah pulau itu? || <> Apa yang telah dikendalikan sejak tahun 1562 di Transvaal Bay? || <> Di manakah stesen cuaca dengan kakitangan 2,062 yang terletak sekarang? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the only settlement", "answer_start": 114}], "question": "What is located in the south-west coast?", "id": "5ad3d325604f3c001a3ff26b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Edinburgh of the Seven Seas", "answer_start": 135}], "question": "What is the name for the settlement located in the south-west coast?", "id": "5ad3d325604f3c001a3ff26c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Queen Mary's Peak", "answer_start": 202}], "question": "Where is the lowest point of the island?", "id": "5ad3d325604f3c001a3ff26d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "weather station", "answer_start": 344}], "question": "What has been operated since 1562 at Transvaal Bay?", "id": "5ad3d325604f3c001a3ff26e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Transvaal Bay", "answer_start": 487}], "question": "Where is the weather station with a staff of 2,062 currently located?", "id": "5ad3d325604f3c001a3ff26f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The main island is generally mountainous. The only flat area is on the north-west coast, which is the location of the only settlement, Edinburgh of the Seven Seas. The highest point is a volcano called Queen Mary's Peak 2,062 metres (6,765.1 ft), which is covered by snow in winter. The other islands of the group are uninhabited, except for a weather station with a staff of six on Gough Island, which has been operated by South Africa since 1956 (since 1963 at its present location at Transvaal Bay on the south-east coast)."}], ["Dari Disember 1937 hingga Mac 1938, sebuah parti Norway membuat ekspedisi saintifik yang pertama kepada Tristan da Cunha. Semasa penginapan mereka, parti ekspedisi menjalankan pemerhatian dan membuat rakaman topografi pulau, rakyatnya dan bagaimana mereka tinggal dan bekerja serta flora dan fauna yang mendiami pulau itu. <> Sepanjang masa mana parti British membuat ekspedisi saintifik pertama ke Tristan da Cunha? || <> Bilakah parti Norway membuat ekspedisi saintifik pertama ke bulan? || <> Di mana parti ekspedisi British membuat lawatan pertama ke? || <> Bilakah Parti Norway membuat ekspedisi ilmiah terakhir kepada Tristan da Cunha? || <> Apa yang dilakukan pihak ekspedisi British semasa mereka tinggal di pulau itu? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "From December 1937 to March 1938", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "During which time did a British party make the first scientific expedition to Tristan da Cunha?", "id": "5ad3cac5604f3c001a3ff0ed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "From December 1937 to March 1938", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "When did the Norwegian party make the first ever scientific expedition to the moon?", "id": "5ad3cac5604f3c001a3ff0ee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tristan da Cunha", "answer_start": 96}], "question": "Where did the British expedition party make the first ever trip to?", "id": "5ad3cac5604f3c001a3ff0ef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "From December 1937 to March 1938", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "When did the Norwegian Party make the last scientific expedition to Tristan da Cunha?", "id": "5ad3cac5604f3c001a3ff0f0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "carried out observations and made recordings of the topography of the island, its people and how they lived and worked and the flora and fauna", "answer_start": 157}], "question": "What did the British expeditionary party do while on their stay at the island?", "id": "5ad3cac5604f3c001a3ff0f1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "From December 1937 to March 1938 a Norwegian party made the first ever scientific expedition to Tristan da Cunha. During their stay, the expeditionary party carried out observations and made recordings of the topography of the island, its people and how they lived and worked and the flora and fauna that inhabited the island."}], ["Pada bulan November 2011, bot berlayar Puma Mar Mostro yang menyertai perlumbaan Volvo Ocean tiba di pulau itu selepas tiangnya pecah di kaki pertama dari Alicante dan Cape Town. Acara ini menjadikan pulau itu, penduduknya dan gaya hidup yang terkenal di seluruh dunia berkat laporan media. <> Bilakah bot tiba di pulau itu dengan kerosakan semasa perlumbaan? || November 2011 <> Apakah nama bot yang rosak semasa perlumbaan? || Puma's Mar Mostro <> Apa nama perlumbaan bot itu rosak? || Volvo Ocean Race <> apa yang rosak / rosak di atas kapal? || tiang <> Di manakah Volvo memecahkan tiangnya? || <> Di mana puisi Marma Mostro memecahkan leg pertama? || <> Apa yang menjadikan pulau itu tidak diketahui di seluruh dunia? || <> Apa yang membuat Alicante dikenali di seluruh dunia? || <> Apa yang membuatkan Cape Town diketahui di seluruh dunia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did a boat arrive at the island with damage during a race?", "id": "56e7ca0937bdd419002c4400", "answers": [{"text": "November 2011", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the boat that was damaged during the race?", "id": "56e7ca0937bdd419002c4401", "answers": [{"text": "Puma's Mar Mostro", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the race the boat was damaged in?", "id": "56e7ca0937bdd419002c4402", "answers": [{"text": "Volvo Ocean Race", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what was broken/damaged on the boat?", "id": "56e7ca0937bdd419002c4403", "answers": [{"text": "mast", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "from Alicante and Cape Town", "answer_start": 145}], "question": "Where did the Volvo break its mast?", "id": "5ad3d2a7604f3c001a3ff257", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "from Alicante and Cape Town", "answer_start": 145}], "question": "Where did the PUma's Mar Mostro break its first leg?", "id": "5ad3d2a7604f3c001a3ff258", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sailing boat Puma's Mar Mostro participant in Volvo Ocean Race arrived to the island after her mast broke", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "What made the island unknown worldwide?", "id": "5ad3d2a7604f3c001a3ff259", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "media reports", "answer_start": 262}], "question": "What made Alicante known worldwide?", "id": "5ad3d2a7604f3c001a3ff25a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "media reports", "answer_start": 262}], "question": "What made Cape Town known worldwide?", "id": "5ad3d2a7604f3c001a3ff25b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On November 2011, the sailing boat Puma's Mar Mostro participant in Volvo Ocean Race arrived to the island after her mast broke in the first leg from Alicante and Cape Town. This event made the island, its inhabitants and lifestyle known worldwide thanks to the media reports."}], ["Nusantara mempunyai iklim lautan basah dengan suhu yang menyenangkan tetapi konsisten sederhana hingga hujan lebat dan cahaya matahari yang sangat terhad, disebabkan angin barat yang berterusan. Bilangan hari hujan adalah setanding dengan Kepulauan Aleutian pada lintang yang jauh lebih tinggi di hemisfera utara, manakala jam cahaya matahari dapat dibandingkan dengan Juneau, Alaska, 20 \u00b0 lebih jauh dari khatulistiwa. Frost tidak diketahui di bawah ketinggian 500 meter (1,600 kaki) dan suhu musim panas juga ringan, tidak sampai 25 \u00b0 C (77 \u00b0 F). Sandy Point di pantai timur dianggap sebagai tempat paling panas dan paling kering di pulau itu, berada di dalam angin yang berlaku. <> Apa yang mempunyai iklim lautan basah dengan suhu yang tidak menyenangkan? || <> Apa bolehkah bilangan hari berkabus dibanding? || <> Ke mana jam cahaya bulan dapat dibandingkan? || <> Di atas yang ketinggian adalah beku hampir tidak diketahui? || <> Tempat mana di pulau itu dikatakan paling sejuk dan paling basah? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The archipelago", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What has a wet oceanic climate with unpleasant temperatures?", "id": "5ad3d675604f3c001a3ff2f9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Aleutian Islands", "answer_start": 218}], "question": "What can the number of foggy days be compared to?", "id": "5ad3d675604f3c001a3ff2fa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Juneau, Alaska", "answer_start": 332}], "question": "To where can moonlight hours be compared?", "id": "5ad3d675604f3c001a3ff2fb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "500 metres", "answer_start": 415}], "question": "Above which elevations is frost virtually unknown?", "id": "5ad3d675604f3c001a3ff2fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sandy Point", "answer_start": 511}], "question": "Which place on the island is said to be the coolest and wettest?", "id": "5ad3d675604f3c001a3ff2fd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The archipelago has a wet oceanic climate with pleasant temperatures but consistent moderate to heavy rainfall and very limited sunshine, due to the persistent westerly winds. The number of rainy days is comparable to the Aleutian Islands at a much higher latitude in the northern hemisphere, while sunshine hours are comparable to Juneau, Alaska, 20\u00b0 farther from the equator. Frost is unknown below elevations of 500 metres (1,600 ft) and summer temperatures are similarly mild, never reaching 25 \u00b0C (77 \u00b0F). Sandy Point on the east coast is reputed to be the warmest and driest place on the island, being in the lee of the prevailing winds."}], ["Pada 16 Mac 2011, kapal pengangkut MS Oliva berlabuh di Pulau Nightingale, menumpahkan tan minyak bahan api berat ke dalam lautan, meninggalkan lombong minyak yang mengancam penduduk pulau penguin rockhopper. Pulau Nightingale tidak mempunyai air tawar, jadi penguin dibawa ke Tristan da Cunha untuk dibersihkan. <> Bilakah Nightingale pengangkut beroperasi? || Mac 2011 <> Apa tumpahan apabila kapal pengangkut berlarutan? || minyak bahan bakar berat <> apa haiwan terancam dengan tumpahan minyak bahan api? || penguin rockhopper <> di manakah penguin dibawa untuk pembersihan? || Tristan da Cunha <> Bilakah MS Oliva menumpahkan Tristan da Cunha ke laut? || <> Apa yang telah ditumpahkan kepada penguin rockhopper pada 16 Mac 2011? || <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab untuk menumpahkan penguin rockhopper di lautan? || <> Apa yang dibawa ke Pulau NIghtingale untuk dibersihkan? || <> Di manakah minyak bahan bakar berat diangkut ke pembersihan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the freighter Nightingale run aground?", "id": "56e7c99037bdd419002c43f8", "answers": [{"text": "March 2011", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was spilled when the freighter ran aground?", "id": "56e7c99037bdd419002c43f9", "answers": [{"text": "heavy fuel oil", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what animal was threatened with the fuel oil spill?", "id": "56e7c99037bdd419002c43fa", "answers": [{"text": "rockhopper penguins", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "where were the penguins transported for cleaning?", "id": "56e7c99037bdd419002c43fb", "answers": [{"text": "Tristan da Cunha", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "16 March 2011", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did MS Oliva spill Tristan da Cunha into the ocean?", "id": "5ad3d1da604f3c001a3ff217", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "heavy fuel oil", "answer_start": 93}], "question": "What was spilled into rockhopper penguins on March 16, 2011?", "id": "5ad3d1da604f3c001a3ff218", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "freighter MS Oliva", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "Who was responsible for spilling tons of rockhopper penguins in the ocean?", "id": "5ad3d1da604f3c001a3ff219", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "penguins", "answer_start": 251}], "question": "What was transported to NIghtingale Island for cleaning?", "id": "5ad3d1da604f3c001a3ff21a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tristan da Cunha", "answer_start": 280}], "question": "Where was the heavy fuel oil transported to for cleaning?", "id": "5ad3d1da604f3c001a3ff21b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On 16 March 2011, the freighter MS Oliva ran aground on Nightingale Island, spilling tons of heavy fuel oil into the ocean, leaving an oil slick threatening the island's population of rockhopper penguins. Nightingale Island has no fresh water, so the penguins were transported to Tristan da Cunha for cleaning."}], ["Letusan 1961 Queen Mary Peak memaksa pemindahan seluruh penduduk melalui Cape Town ke England. Pada tahun berikutnya ekspedisi Persatuan Diraja pergi ke pulau-pulau untuk menilai kerosakan, dan melaporkan bahawa penyelesaian Edinburgh dari Tujuh Laut telah hanya terkesan sedikit. Kebanyakan keluarga kembali pada tahun 1963. <> Berapa tahun pulau dipindahkan akibat letusan? || 1961 <> Tahun berapa kebanyakan keluarga kembali selepas dipindahkan? || 1963 <> Apakah nama penyelesaian yang dinilai selepas pembasmian itu? || Edinburgh dari Tujuh Laut <> Kapan populasi England dipaksa ke Cape Town? || <> Letupan mana yang menyebabkan penduduk Royal Society berpindah ke England? || <> Apa yang kembali ke pulau pada tahun 1961? || <> Bilakah kebanyakan keluarga meninggalkan pulau? || <> Penyelesaian mana yang telah terjejas teruk? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was the island evacuated due to an eruption?", "id": "56e7c4ee00c9c71400d7759f", "answers": [{"text": "1961", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did most families return after being evacuated?", "id": "56e7c4ee00c9c71400d775a0", "answers": [{"text": "1963", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the settlement that was assessed after the evactuation?", "id": "56e7c4ee00c9c71400d775a1", "answers": [{"text": "Edinburgh of the Seven Seas", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1961", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "When was the population of England forced to Cape Town?", "id": "5ad3cdcd604f3c001a3ff1a5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Queen Mary's Peak", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "Which eruption caused the population of Royal Society to evacuate to England?", "id": "5ad3cdcd604f3c001a3ff1a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Most families", "answer_start": 299}], "question": "What returned to the island by 1961?", "id": "5ad3cdcd604f3c001a3ff1a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1963", "answer_start": 325}], "question": "By when had most families left the islands?", "id": "5ad3cdcd604f3c001a3ff1a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Edinburgh of the Seven Seas", "answer_start": 236}], "question": "Which settlement had been devastatingly affected?", "id": "5ad3cdcd604f3c001a3ff1a9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The 1961 eruption of Queen Mary's Peak forced the evacuation of the entire population via Cape Town to England. The following year a Royal Society expedition went to the islands to assess the damage, and reported that the settlement of Edinburgh of the Seven Seas had been only marginally affected. Most families returned in 1963."}], ["Pada 13 Februari 2008, api memusnahkan kilang memancing dan empat penjana yang membekalkan kuasa ke pulau itu. Pada 14 Mac 2008, penjana baru dipasang dan kuasa tidak terganggu telah dipulihkan. Kebakaran ini menghancurkan pulau kerana memancing merupakan tulang belakang ekonomi. Ketika sebuah kilang baru sedang direncanakan dan dibina, M / V Kelso datang ke pulau itu dan bertindak sebagai kapal kilang, dengan nelayan pulau berasaskan papan untuk kuliah biasanya satu minggu. Kemudahan baru ini telah siap pada Julai 2009, untuk permulaan musim menangkap 2009-10. <> Tahun berapa api besar memusnahkan kilang penangkapan ikan? || 2008 <> Bilakah penjana baru dipasang untuk membetulkan masalah kuasa? || Mac 2008 <> apakah nama kapal yang merupakan kemudahan penangkapan sementara? || M / V Kelso <> ketika kilang memancing baru siap digunakan? || Julai 2009 <> Apa yang memusnahkan ekonomi pada 13 Februari 2008? || <> Bilakah ada api yang memusnahkan kemudahan baru ini? || <> Bilakah api datang ke pulau itu untuk bertindak sebagai kapal kilang baru? || <> Apa yang datang ke pulau semasa api bertindak sebagai kapal kilang? || <> Bilakah siapakah kemudahan lama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did a large fire destroy the fishing factory?", "id": "56e7c6bb37bdd419002c43f0", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the new generators installed to correct the power problems?", "id": "56e7c6bb37bdd419002c43f1", "answers": [{"text": "March 2008", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what was the name of the ship that was a temporary fishing facility?", "id": "56e7c6bb37bdd419002c43f2", "answers": [{"text": "M/V Kelso", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "when was the new fishing factory ready for use?", "id": "56e7c6bb37bdd419002c43f3", "answers": [{"text": "July 2009", "answer_start": 494}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fire", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "What destroyed the economy on February 13, 2008?", "id": "5ad3d168604f3c001a3ff1fd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "13 February 2008", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When was there a fire that destroyed the new facility?", "id": "5ad3d168604f3c001a3ff1fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "While a new factory was being planned and built", "answer_start": 287}], "question": "When did the fire come to the island to act as a new factory ship?", "id": "5ad3d168604f3c001a3ff1ff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "M/V Kelso", "answer_start": 336}], "question": "What came to the island during the fire to act as a factory ship?", "id": "5ad3d168604f3c001a3ff200", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "July 2009", "answer_start": 494}], "question": "By when was the old facility ready?", "id": "5ad3d168604f3c001a3ff201", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On 13 February 2008, fire destroyed the fishing factory and the four generators that supplied power to the island. On 14 March 2008, new generators were installed and uninterrupted power was restored. This fire was devastating to the island because fishing is a mainstay of the economy. While a new factory was being planned and built, M/V Kelso came to the island and acted as a factory ship, with island fishermen based on board for stints normally of one week. The new facility was ready in July 2009, for the start of the 2009\u201310 fishing season."}], ["Tristan terutamanya terkenal dengan hidupan liarnya. Pulau ini telah dikenalpasti sebagai Kawasan Burung yang Penting oleh BirdLife International kerana terdapat 13 spesies burung laut yang terkenal di pulau itu dan dua spesies burung darat. Burung-burung laut termasuk penguin rockhopper utara, albatroser kuning-kuning Atlantik, alurrosel sooty, peternak Atlantik, peternakan bersayap hebat, petrels berbulu lembut, prion yang dibebankan luas, petrol kelabu, ricih besar, ricih burung, Tristan skuas, ternari Antartika dan coklat noddies. Tristan dan Gough Islands adalah satu-satunya tempat pembiakan yang terkenal di dunia untuk petrel Atlantik (Pterodroma incerta; status IUCN EN). Pulau yang tidak boleh diakses juga merupakan tempat pembiakan yang paling terkenal di Petrel Spectacled (Procellaria conspicillata; IUCN Vulnerable). The Tristan albatross (IUCN status CR) diketahui hanya membiak di Gough and Inaccessible Islands: semua sarang di Gough kecuali untuk satu atau dua pasang yang bersarang di Pulau yang Tidak Dapat diakses. <> Siapa yang telah mengenal pasti pulau itu sebagai Kawasan Antartika yang Penting? || <> Terdapat 13 spesies burung tanah bermusim di pulau-pulau dan berapa spesies burung laut pembiakan? || <> Terdapat 2 spesies burung laut pembiakan di pulau itu dan berapa spesies burung tanah bermusim? || <> Di manakah tapak pembiakan yang diketahui oleh Tristan Petrel? || <> Apa yang diketahui oleh Gough? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "BirdLife International", "answer_start": 105}], "question": "Who has identified the island as an Important Antarctic Area?", "id": "5ad3d721604f3c001a3ff329", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 202}], "question": "There are 13 species of resident land birds on the islands and how many species of breeding seabirds?", "id": "5ad3d721604f3c001a3ff32a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "13", "answer_start": 146}], "question": "There are 2 species of breeding seabirds on the island and how many species of resident land birds?", "id": "5ad3d721604f3c001a3ff32b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tristan and Gough Islands", "answer_start": 529}], "question": "Where is the only known breeding site of the Tristan Petrel?", "id": "5ad3d721604f3c001a3ff32c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "wildlife", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "What is Gough primarily known for?", "id": "5ad3d721604f3c001a3ff32d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Tristan is primarily known for its wildlife. The island has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because there are 13 known species of breeding seabirds on the island and two species of resident land birds. The seabirds include northern rockhopper penguins, Atlantic yellow-nosed albatrosses, sooty albatrosses, Atlantic petrels, great-winged petrels, soft-plumaged petrels, broad-billed prions, grey petrels, great shearwaters, sooty shearwaters, Tristan skuas, Antarctic terns and brown noddies. Tristan and Gough Islands are the only known breeding sites in the world for the Atlantic petrel (Pterodroma incerta; IUCN status EN). Inaccessible Island is also the only known breeding ground of the Spectacled Petrel (Procellaria conspicillata; IUCN Vulnerable). The Tristan albatross (IUCN status CR) is known to breed only on Gough and Inaccessible Islands: all nest on Gough except for one or two pairs who nest on Inaccessible Island."}], ["Walaupun Tristan da Cunha berkongsi kod +290 dengan St Helena, penduduk mempunyai akses kepada Rangkaian Telekomunikasi Pejabat Luar dan Komanwel, yang disediakan oleh Global Crossing. Ini menggunakan julat penomboran London 020, yang bermaksud bahawa nombor boleh diakses menerusi pelan penomboran nombor telefon UK. Dari tahun 1998 hingga 2006, internet tersedia di Tristan da Cunha tetapi kosnya yang tinggi menjadikannya hampir tidak boleh dibayar untuk penduduk setempat, yang menggunakannya hanya untuk menghantar e-mel. Sambungan itu juga tidak boleh dipercayai, menyambung melalui sambungan telefon satelit 64 kbit / s yang disediakan oleh Inmarsat. Dari tahun 2006, terminal aperture yang sangat kecil menyediakan 3072 kbit / s jalur lebar yang boleh diakses secara umum melalui kafe internet. <> Dari mana terdapat kos rendah, internet berkelajuan tinggi yang terdapat di pulau itu? || <> Dengan siapa St Helena berkongsi kod 3072? || <> Siapa yang menyediakan Rangkaian Persilangan Global? || <> Siapa yang berkongsi Tristan Da Cunha dengan kod Global Crossing? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1998 to 2006,", "answer_start": 297}], "question": "From when was there a low cost, high speed internet available on the island?", "id": "5ad3dec0604f3c001a3ff475", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tristan da Cunha", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "With who does St. Helena share the 3072 code?", "id": "5ad3dec0604f3c001a3ff476", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Commonwealth Office Telecommunications Network", "answer_start": 104}], "question": "Who provides the Global Crossing Network?", "id": "5ad3dec0604f3c001a3ff477", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "St Helena", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "Who does Tristan Da Cunha share Global Crossing codes with?", "id": "5ad3dec0604f3c001a3ff478", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Although Tristan da Cunha shares the +290 code with St Helena, residents have access to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Telecommunications Network, provided by Global Crossing. This uses a London 020 numbering range, meaning that numbers are accessed via the UK telephone numbering plan. From 1998 to 2006, internet was available in Tristan da Cunha but its high cost made it almost unaffordable for the local population, who primarily used it only to send email. The connection was also extremely unreliable, connecting through a 64 kbit/s satellite phone connection provided by Inmarsat. From 2006, a very-small-aperture terminal provides 3072 kbit/s of publicly accessible bandwidth via an internet cafe."}], ["Terdapat rehat tahunan dari kerja kerajaan dan kilang yang bermula sebelum Krismas dan berlangsung selama 3 minggu. Hari Break-Up biasanya ditandakan dengan pihak-pihak di pelbagai \"jabatan\" kerja. Break-Up termasuk Kedai Pulau, yang bermaksud bahawa keluarga mesti dianjurkan untuk mempunyai laci penuh peruntukan sepanjang tempoh tersebut. Pada 2013, Kedai Pulau ditutup seminggu lebih awal daripada biasa untuk membuat inventori yang komprehensif, dan semua pembelian perlu dibuat pada hari Jumaat 13 Disember kerana kedai itu tidak dibuka lagi sebulan kemudian. <> Berapa lamakah tempoh dua kali setahun dari kerajaan terakhir? || <> Berapa lamakah tempoh dua kali setahun dari kerja kilang yang terakhir? || <> Hari mana yang biasanya ditandakan dengan pihak di pelbagai Kedai Pulau? || <> Apakah rehat yang bermula pada Hari Tahun Berita? || <> Di mana tahun kedai Pulau dekat seminggu lebih awal daripada biasa disebabkan kekurangan inventori? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "3 weeks", "answer_start": 102}], "question": "For how long does the biannual break from government last?", "id": "5ad3d9b3604f3c001a3ff3a9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "3 weeks", "answer_start": 102}], "question": "For how long does the biannual break from factory work  last?", "id": "5ad3d9b3604f3c001a3ff3aa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Break-Up Day", "answer_start": 111}], "question": "Which day is usually marked with parties at various Island Stores?", "id": "5ad3d9b3604f3c001a3ff3ab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "government and factory work", "answer_start": 30}], "question": "What is the break that begins on News Year Day from?", "id": "5ad3d9b3604f3c001a3ff3ac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 324}], "question": "In which year did the Island Store close a week later than normal due to inventory shortages?", "id": "5ad3d9b3604f3c001a3ff3ad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There is an annual break from government and factory work which begins before Christmas and lasts for 3 weeks. Break-Up Day is usually marked with parties at various work \"departments\". Break-Up includes the Island Store, which means that families must be organised to have a full larder of provisions during the period. In 2013, the Island Store closed a week earlier than usual to conduct a comprehensive inventory, and all purchases had to be made by Friday 13 December as the shop did not open again until a month later."}], ["Pihak berkuasa eksekutif terletak hak pada Ratu, yang diwakili dalam wilayah oleh Gabenor Saint Helena. Sebagai Gabenor tinggal secara kekal di Saint Helena, seorang Pentadbir dilantik untuk mewakili Gabenor di pulau-pulau. Pentadbir adalah kerjaya kakitangan awam di Pejabat Luar Negeri dan dipilih oleh London. Sejak tahun 1998, setiap Pentadbir telah berkhidmat dalam tempoh tiga tahun tunggal (yang bermula pada bulan September, semasa ketibaan kapal bekalan dari Cape Town.) Pentadbir bertindak sebagai ketua kerajaan tempatan, dan mengambil nasihat dari Pulau Tristan da Cunha Majlis. Alex Mitham telah dilantik sebagai Administrator ke-22 Tristan da Cunha dan telah tiba bersama isterinya, Hasene, untuk mengambil alih tugas dari Sean Burns pada September 2013. Majlis Pulau terdiri daripada lapan orang yang dipilih dan tiga orang ahli yang dilantik, yang berkhidmat dalam tempoh 3 tahun yang bermula pada bulan Februari (atau Mac). <> Siapa yang Gabenor Saint Helena diwakili oleh? || <> Apa yang diberi kuasa eksekutif? || <> Di manakah Ratu tinggal secara kekal? || <> Siapa yang dilantik sebagai Pentadbir 3 tahun Tristan da Cunha? || <> Bilakah Sean Burns tiba untuk mengambil alih dari Alex Mitham? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Queen", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "Who is the Governor of Saint Helena represented by?", "id": "5ad3dcf2604f3c001a3ff425", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Queen", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "What is vested in executive authority?", "id": "5ad3dcf2604f3c001a3ff426", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Saint Helena", "answer_start": 152}], "question": "Where does the Queen permanently reside?", "id": "5ad3dcf2604f3c001a3ff427", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Alex Mitham", "answer_start": 591}], "question": "Who was appointed Tristan da Cunha's 3-year Administrator?", "id": "5ad3dcf2604f3c001a3ff428", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "September 2013", "answer_start": 722}], "question": "When did Sean Burns arrive to takeover from Alex Mitham?", "id": "5ad3dcf2604f3c001a3ff429", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Executive authority is vested in the Queen, who is represented in the territory by the Governor of Saint Helena. As the Governor resides permanently in Saint Helena, an Administrator is appointed to represent the Governor in the islands. The Administrator is a career civil servant in the Foreign Office and is selected by London. Since 1998, each Administrator has served a single, three-year term (which begins in September, upon arrival of the supply ship from Cape Town.) The Administrator acts as the local head of government, and takes advice from the Tristan da Cunha Island Council. Alex Mitham was appointed Tristan da Cunha\u2019s 22nd Administrator and arrived, with his wife Hasene, to take over from Sean Burns in September 2013. The Island Council is made up of eight elected and three appointed members, who serve a 3-year term which begins in February (or March)."}], ["Projek Song Tristan adalah kerjasama antara Sekolah St Mary dan komposer amatur di England, yang diketuai oleh guru muzik Tony Triggs. Ia bermula pada tahun 2010 dan melibatkan murid-murid St Mary menulis puisi dan Tony Triggs menyediakan setting muzik dengan dirinya sendiri dan murid-muridnya. Penerbitan desktop berjudul Rockhopper Penguins dan Other Songs (2010) merangkul kebanyakan lagu yang disiapkan pada tahun itu dan membiayai konser gitar ke Sekolah. Pada Februari 2013 Pejabat Tristan Post mengeluarkan satu set empat setem Projek Song yang memaparkan alat muzik pulau dan lirik lagu lagu Projek tentang gunung berapi dan hidupan liar Tristan. Pada tahun 2014 Projek meluaskan skopnya dan terus sebagai Projek Song Antarabangsa. <> Siapa yang bekerjasama dengan Sekolah St. Mary untuk mencipta Projek pengarang amatur? || <> Siapa yang bekerjasama dengan komposer amatur untuk mencipta Projek Sekolah St. Mary? || <> Siapa yang bekerjasama dengan Tristan Song untuk mencipta Projek Komposer Amatur? || <> Projek mana yang diketuai oleh Rockhopper Penguins? || <> Bilakah Projek Song Tristan menyempitkan ruang lingkupnya? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tristan Song", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Who collaborated with St. Mary's School to create the amateur composers Project?", "id": "5ad3dbc5604f3c001a3ff3df", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tristan Song", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Who collaborated with amateur composers to create the St. Mary's School Project?", "id": "5ad3dbc5604f3c001a3ff3e0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "St Mary's School", "answer_start": 53}], "question": "Who collaborated with Tristan Song to create the Amateur Composers Project?", "id": "5ad3dbc5604f3c001a3ff3e1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Tristan Song Project", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Which project was led by Rockhopper Penguins?", "id": "5ad3dbc5604f3c001a3ff3e2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 636}], "question": "When did the Tristan Song Project narrow its scope?", "id": "5ad3dbc5604f3c001a3ff3e3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Tristan Song Project was a collaboration between St Mary's School and amateur composers in England, led by music teacher Tony Triggs. It began in 2010 and involved St Mary's pupils writing poems and Tony Triggs providing musical settings by himself and his pupils. A desktop publication entitled Rockhopper Penguins and Other Songs (2010) embraced most of the songs completed that year and funded a consignment of guitars to the School. In February 2013 the Tristan Post Office issued a set of four Song Project stamps featuring island musical instruments and lyrics from Song Project songs about Tristan's volcano and wildlife. In 2014 the Project broadened its scope and continues as the International Song Project."}], ["Letusan gunung berapi 1961 memusnahkan kilang udang tristan da Cunha, yang dibina semula dalam masa yang singkat kemudian. Penangkap dan pemroses ikan udang bekerja untuk perusahaan Afrika Selatan Ovenstone, yang memiliki kontrak eksklusif untuk menjual udang jagung ke Amerika Serikat dan Jepang. Walaupun Tristan da Cunha adalah wilayah Inggeris di luar negeri, ia tidak dibenarkan akses langsung ke pasaran Kesatuan Eropah. Keadaan ekonomi terkini [klarifikasi yang diperlukan] bermakna penduduk pulau terpaksa menarik diri dari rizab mereka. Masalah kewangan pulau-pulau boleh menyebabkan kelewatan dalam mengemas kini peralatan komunikasi dan meningkatkan pendidikan di pulau itu. Kebakaran pada 13 Februari 2008 (lihat Sejarah) mengakibatkan gangguan ekonomi sementara yang besar. <> Syarikat Afrika Selatan mana yang musnah oleh letusan gunung berapi tahun 1961? || <> Siapa yang mempunyai hak eksklusif untuk menjual ikan haram ke Amerika Syarikat dan UK? || <> Siapakah di UK wilayah seberang laut? || <> Apa yang boleh mempercepatkan mengemaskini peralatan komunikasi di pulau itu? || <> Apa yang boleh mempercepatkan peningkatan pendidikan di pulau itu? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tristan da Cunha canned crawfish factory", "answer_start": 41}], "question": "Which South African Company was destroyed by a 1961 volcanic eruption?", "id": "5ad3d8d6604f3c001a3ff381", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ovenstone", "answer_start": 193}], "question": "Who has exclusive rights to sell crawfish to the US and UK?", "id": "5ad3d8d6604f3c001a3ff382", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tristan da Cunha", "answer_start": 297}], "question": "Who is the UK an overseas territory of?", "id": "5ad3d8d6604f3c001a3ff383", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "financial problems", "answer_start": 533}], "question": "What may expedite the updating of communication equipment on the island?", "id": "5ad3d8d6604f3c001a3ff384", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "financial problems", "answer_start": 533}], "question": "What may expedite the improving of education on the island?", "id": "5ad3d8d6604f3c001a3ff385", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The 1961 volcanic eruption destroyed the Tristan da Cunha canned crawfish factory, which was rebuilt a short time later. The crawfish catchers and processors work for the South African company Ovenstone, which has an exclusive contract to sell crawfish to the United States and Japan. Even though Tristan da Cunha is a UK overseas territory, it is not permitted direct access to European Union markets. Recent[clarification needed] economic conditions have meant that the islanders have had to draw from their reserves. The islands' financial problems may cause delays in updating communication equipment and improving education on the island. The fire of 13 February 2008 (see History) resulted in major temporary economic disruption."}], ["Lokasi terpencil di pulau-pulau membuat pengangkutan ke dunia luar sukar. Kurangnya lapangan terbang, pulau-pulau boleh dicapai hanya dengan laut. Bot nelayan dari perkhidmatan Afrika Selatan pulau-pulau lapan atau sembilan kali setahun. RMS Saint Helena digunakan untuk menghubungkan pulau utama ke St Helena dan Afrika Selatan sekali setiap tahun semasa pelayaran Januari, tetapi telah melakukannya hanya dua kali dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, pada tahun 2006 dan 2011. Wilayah yang lebih luas mempunyai akses ke perjalanan udara dengan Pulau Ascension yang diselenggarakan oleh Pulau Ascension RAF dan sebuah lapangan terbang baru yang dibiayai oleh kerajaan United Kingdom, yang sedang dibina di St Helena dan akan siap pada 2016. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak ada perkhidmatan tetap langsung ke Tristan da Cunha sendiri dari mana-mana lokasi. Pelabuhan di Edinburgh dari Tujuh Laut dipanggil Calshot Harbour, dinamakan sempena tempat di Hampshire di mana penduduk pulau itu tinggal sementara semasa letusan gunung berapi. <> Apa yang membuat perjalanan ke dunia luar mudah? || <> Tanpa laut, bagaimanakah pulau dapat dicapai? || <> Berapa kali setahun melakukan perkhidmatan pesawat di kawasan itu? || <> Di mana kerajaan United Kingdom kekal semasa letusan gunung berapi? || <> Siapa yang membiayai lapangan terbang baru di Pelabuhan Calshot? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "remote location of the islands", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What makes travelling to the outside world easy?", "id": "5ad3de0b604f3c001a3ff453", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "airport", "answer_start": 94}], "question": "Lacking a sea, how can the islands be reached?", "id": "5ad3de0b604f3c001a3ff454", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "eight or nine times a year", "answer_start": 195}], "question": "How many times a year do airplanes service the area?", "id": "5ad3de0b604f3c001a3ff455", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hampshire", "answer_start": 828}], "question": "Where did the United Kingdom government stay during the volcanic eruption?", "id": "5ad3de0b604f3c001a3ff456", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United Kingdom government", "answer_start": 549}], "question": "Who financed the new airport in Calshot Harbour?", "id": "5ad3de0b604f3c001a3ff457", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The remote location of the islands makes transport to the outside world difficult. Lacking an airport, the islands can be reached only by sea. Fishing boats from South Africa service the islands eight or nine times a year. The RMS Saint Helena used to connect the main island to St Helena and South Africa once each year during its January voyage, but has done so only twice in the last few years, in 2006 and 2011. The wider territory has access to air travel with Ascension island served by RAF Ascension Island and a new airport, financed by the United Kingdom government, under construction on St Helena and due for completion in 2016. There is however no direct, regular service to Tristan da Cunha itself from either location. The harbour at Edinburgh of the Seven Seas is called Calshot Harbour, named after the place in Hampshire where the islanders temporarily stayed during the volcanic eruption."}], ["Penjagaan kesihatan dibiayai oleh kerajaan, yang dijalankan oleh seorang doktor pemastautin dari Afrika Selatan dan lima jururawat. Oleh itu, pembedahan atau kemudahan untuk melahirkan anak yang kompleks adalah terhad, dan keadaan darurat mungkin memerlukan komunikasi dengan kapal nelayan yang lulus sehingga orang yang cedera boleh dibawa ke Cape Town. Sehingga akhir tahun 2007, IBM dan Beacon Equity Partners, yang bekerjasama dengan Medweb, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Pittsburgh dan kerajaan pulau pada \"Projek Tristan\", telah membekalkan doktor pulau itu dengan akses kepada bantuan tele-perubatan jarak jauh, menjadikannya mungkin untuk menghantar gambar EKG dan X-ray kepada doktor di negara lain untuk perundingan segera. Sistem ini terhad kerana kebolehpercayaan sambungan Internet yang lemah dan ketiadaan juruteknik yang berkelayakan di pulau ini untuk menghubungkan hubungan gentian optik antara hospital dan pusat Internet di bangunan pentadbiran. <> Apakah kerajaan yang dibiayai oleh? || <> Dari manakah lima jururawat penduduk dari? || <> Dari mana lima orang doktor di pulau tersebut? || <> Apa yang mustahil untuk menghantar gambar EKG ke negara lain? || <> Bagaimana sistem bantuan medis jarak jauh kekal tidak terhad? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Healthcare", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is the government funded by?", "id": "5ad3dac7604f3c001a3ff3bb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "South Africa", "answer_start": 79}], "question": "From where are the five resident nurses from?", "id": "5ad3dac7604f3c001a3ff3bc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "South Africa", "answer_start": 79}], "question": "From where are the five doctors on the island from?", "id": "5ad3dac7604f3c001a3ff3bd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "access to long distance tele-medical help", "answer_start": 510}], "question": "What makes it impossible to send EKG pictures to other countries?", "id": "5ad3dac7604f3c001a3ff3be", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "poor reliability of Internet connections and an absence of qualified technicians", "answer_start": 701}], "question": "How has the system for long distance medical help remained unlimited?", "id": "5ad3dac7604f3c001a3ff3bf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Healthcare is funded by the government, undertaken by one resident doctor from South Africa and five nurses. Surgery or facilities for complex childbirth are therefore limited, and emergencies can necessitate communicating with passing fishing vessels so the injured person can be ferried to Cape Town. As of late 2007, IBM and Beacon Equity Partners, co-operating with Medweb, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the island's government on \"Project Tristan\", has supplied the island's doctor with access to long distance tele-medical help, making it possible to send EKG and X-ray pictures to doctors in other countries for instant consultation. This system has been limited owing to the poor reliability of Internet connections and an absence of qualified technicians on the island to service fibre optic links between the hospital and Internet centre at the administration buildings."}], ["Pulau-pulau mempunyai populasi 301. Penyelesaian utama adalah Edinburgh dari Tujuh Laut (dikenali sebagai \"Penyelesaian\"). Satu-satunya agama ialah Kekristianan, dengan denominasi Anglikan dan Katolik Roman. Penduduk sekarang ini dikatakan berasal dari 15 nenek moyang, lapan lelaki dan tujuh perempuan, yang tiba di pulau itu pada pelbagai masa antara tahun 1816 dan 1908. Pengasas lelaki berasal dari Scotland, England, Belanda, Amerika Syarikat dan Itali, kepunyaan kepada 3 Y-haplogroup: I (M170), R-SRY10831.2 dan R (M207) (xSRY10831.2) dan berkongsi hanya lapan nama keluarga: Glass, Green, Hagan, Lavarello, Patterson, Repetto, Rogers, n 1] Terdapat 80 keluarga di pulau itu. Pengasingan Tristan da Cunha telah membawa kepada dialek bahasa yang tidak biasa, seperti patois bahasa Inggeris yang diterangkan oleh penulis Simon Winchester sebagai \"amalgam yang mengagumkan dari Counties Rumah kunci dan abad kesembilan belas, bahasa Afrikaans slang dan bahasa Itali.\" Bill Bryson menyalin beberapa contoh dialek pulau itu dalam bukunya, The Mother Tongue. <> Apakah Penyelesaian itu diketahui oleh penduduk setempat? || <> Dari berapa banyak nenek moyang adalah penduduk semasa 15 pemikiran yang telah diturunkan? || <> Dari mana asal pengasas perempuan itu? || <> Berapa banyak keluarga yang tinggal di gereja Katolik Rom? || <> Apakah nama buku yang ditulis oleh Simon Winchester, bahawa dokumen-dokumen contoh dialek pulau itu? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Edinburgh of the Seven Seas", "answer_start": 61}], "question": "What is The Settlement known by locals as?", "id": "5ad3dc5e604f3c001a3ff3ff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "301", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "From how many ancestors is the current population of 15 thought to have descended from?", "id": "5ad3dc5e604f3c001a3ff400", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Scotland, England, The Netherlands, the United States and Italy,", "answer_start": 414}], "question": "From where did the female founders originate?", "id": "5ad3dc5e604f3c001a3ff401", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "80", "answer_start": 676}], "question": "How many families live in the Roman Catholic church?", "id": "5ad3dc5e604f3c001a3ff402", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Mother Tongue", "answer_start": 1008}], "question": "What is the name of the book, written by Simon Winchester, that documents examples of the island's dialect?", "id": "5ad3dc5e604f3c001a3ff403", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The islands have a population of 301. The main settlement is Edinburgh of the Seven Seas (known locally as \"The Settlement\"). The only religion is Christianity, with denominations of Anglican and Roman Catholic. The current population is thought to have descended from 15 ancestors, eight males and seven females, who arrived on the island at various times between 1816 and 1908. The male founders originated from Scotland, England, The Netherlands, the United States and Italy, belonging to 3 Y-haplogroups: I (M170), R-SRY10831.2 and R (M207) (xSRY10831.2) and share just eight surnames: Glass, Green, Hagan, Lavarello, Patterson, Repetto, Rogers, and Swain.[n 1] There are 80 families on the island. Tristan da Cunha's isolation has led to an unusual, patois-like dialect of English described by the writer Simon Winchester as \"a sonorous amalgam of Home Counties lockjaw and nineteenth century idiom, Afrikaans slang and Italian.\" Bill Bryson documents some examples of the island's dialect in his book, The Mother Tongue."}], ["Organisasi sosial dan ekonomi unik pulau ini telah berkembang selama bertahun-tahun, tetapi berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip yang ditetapkan oleh William Glass pada tahun 1817 ketika ia menubuhkan penyelesaian berdasarkan kesamaan. Semua keluarga Tristan adalah petani, memiliki stok sendiri dan / atau memancing. Semua tanah adalah milik komunal. Semua isi rumah mempunyai plot tanah di The Patches di mana mereka menanam kentang. Jumlah ternakan dikawal ketat untuk memelihara padang rumput dan untuk menghalang keluarga yang lebih baik daripada mengumpul kekayaan. Melainkan jika undi untuk perubahan dalam undang-undangnya, tiada orang luar dibenarkan membeli tanah atau menetap di Tristan; secara teorinya seluruh pulau perlu dijual. Semua orang - termasuk kanak-kanak dan pesara - terlibat dalam bidang pertanian, sementara orang dewasa juga mempunyai pekerjaan bergaji yang bekerja sama ada untuk Kerajaan, atau, sebilangan kecil dalam perkhidmatan domestik, dan ramai lelaki terlibat dalam industri perikanan, pergi ke laut cuaca baik. Musim memancing nominal berlangsung selama 90 hari; bagaimanapun pada musim penangkapan 2013 - 1 Julai hingga 30 September - hanya terdapat 10 hari yang sesuai untuk memancing. <> Apa yang berasaskan kepada prinsip yang diletakkan oleh William Glass pada tahun 2013? || <> Siapa yang menubuhkan penyelesaian berdasarkan ketidaksamaan pada tahun 1817? || <> Pada apa yang dikatakan William Glass di pulaunya? || <> Apa yang tidak akan membenarkan orang luar membeli tanah atau menetap di Tristan? || <> Untuk berapa bulan musim penangkapan nominal yang terakhir? ||", {"qas": [{"plausible_answers": [{"text": "island's unique social and economic organisation", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What is based on principles put into place by William Glass in 2013?", "id": "5ad3d84a604f3c001a3ff377", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "William Glass", "answer_start": 123}], "question": "Who established a settlement based on inequality in 1817?", "id": "5ad3d84a604f3c001a3ff378", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "equality", "answer_start": 187}], "question": "On what did William Glass base his island on?", "id": "5ad3d84a604f3c001a3ff379", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "change in its law", "answer_start": 523}], "question": "What will not allow for a outsiders to buy land or settle on Tristan?", "id": "5ad3d84a604f3c001a3ff37a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "90", "answer_start": 981}], "question": "For how many months does the nominal fishing season last?", "id": "5ad3d84a604f3c001a3ff37b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The island's unique social and economic organisation has evolved over the years, but is based on the principles set out by William Glass in 1817 when he established a settlement based on equality. All Tristan families are farmers, owning their own stock and/or fishing. All land is communally owned. All households have plots of land at The Patches on which they grow potatoes. Livestock numbers are strictly controlled to conserve pasture and to prevent better-off families from accumulating wealth. Unless it votes for a change in its law, no outsiders are allowed to buy land or settle on Tristan; theoretically the whole island would have to be put up for sale. All people \u2013 including children and pensioners \u2013 are involved in farming, while adults additionally have salaried jobs working either for the Government, or, a small number in domestic service, and many of the men are involved in the fishing industry, going to sea in good weather. The nominal fishing season lasts 90 days; however during the 2013 fishing season \u2013 1 July through 30 September \u2013 there were only 10 days suitable for fishing."}]], [["Semasa Perang Dunia II, Kansas adalah salah satu dari 131 kolej dan universiti yang mengambil bahagian dalam Program Latihan Tentera Laut V-12 yang menawarkan pelajar jalan ke komisi Tentera Laut. <> Berapa banyak institusi yang menyertai program V-12? || 131 <> Apa program V-12 memberi kepada pelajar yang berminat? || jalan ke komando Angkatan Laut <> Semasa acara apa yang berlaku pada V-12? || Perang Dunia II <> Berapa banyak institusi yang tidak pernah mengambil bahagian dalam program V-12? || <> Berapa banyak institusi menyertai program 12-V? || <> Apa program V-12 menyediakan kepada murid yang tidak berminat? || <> Apa program V-12 memberi kepada fakulti yang berminat? || <> Semasa acara apa program V-12 tidak berlaku? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many institutions participated in the V-12 program?", "id": "56e7857d37bdd419002c4091", "answers": [{"text": "131", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the V-12 program provide to interested pupils?", "id": "56e7857d37bdd419002c4092", "answers": [{"text": "a path to a Navy commission", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what event did the V-12 program take place?", "id": "56e7857d37bdd419002c4093", "answers": [{"text": "World War II", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "131", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "How many institutions never participated in the V-12 program?", "id": "5acf4b2977cf76001a684b32", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "131", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "How many institutions participated in the 12-V program?", "id": "5acf4b2977cf76001a684b33", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a path to a Navy commission", "answer_start": 160}], "question": "What did the V-12 program provide to uninterested pupils?", "id": "5acf4b2977cf76001a684b34", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a path to a Navy commission", "answer_start": 160}], "question": "What did the V-12 program provide to interested faculty?", "id": "5acf4b2977cf76001a684b35", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "World War II", "answer_start": 7}], "question": "During what event did the V-12 program not take place?", "id": "5acf4b2977cf76001a684b36", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During World War II, Kansas was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission."}], ["Program pengurusan bandar dan dasar bandar menduduki tempat pertama di negara ini, dan program pendidikan khas kedua, berdasarkan laporan A.S. News & World Report 2016. USN & WR juga menduduki beberapa program dalam 25 teratas di kalangan universiti A.S.. <> Apa program di University of Kansas dinilai tertinggi di kalangan rakan-rakannya? || pengurusan bandar dan dasar bandar <> Apakah jabatan KU diberi nilai kedua dalam bidangnya? || pendidikan khas <> Penerbitan mana yang memberikan peringkat program kolej dan universiti? || Berita A.S. & Laporan Dunia <> Dalam peringkat apakah yang telah beberapa pangkat program KU pada 2016? || top 25 <> Apa program di University of Kansas dinilai paling rendah di kalangan rakan-rakannya? || <> Apa program di University of Kansas dinilai tertinggi di kalangan orang rawak? || <> Apa jabatan KU diberi nilai terakhir dalam bidangnya? || <> Program radio mana yang menyediakan kedudukan program kolej dan universiti? || <> Dalam apa peringkat peringkat pangkat program KU pada tahun 2015? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What program at the University of Kansas was rated highest among its peers?", "id": "56e7878500c9c71400d77249", "answers": [{"text": "city management and urban policy", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What KU department was rated second in its field?", "id": "56e7878500c9c71400d7724a", "answers": [{"text": "special education", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which publication provided rankings of college and university programs?", "id": "56e7878500c9c71400d7724b", "answers": [{"text": "U.S. News & World Report", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what tier did a number of KU's programs rank in 2016?", "id": "56e7878500c9c71400d7724c", "answers": [{"text": "the top 25", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "city management and urban policy", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What program at the University of Kansas was rated lowest among its peers?", "id": "5acf4c7277cf76001a684b50", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "city management and urban policy", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What program at the University of Kansas was rated highest among random people?", "id": "5acf4c7277cf76001a684b51", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "special education", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "What KU department was rated last in its field?", "id": "5acf4c7277cf76001a684b52", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "U.S. News & World Report", "answer_start": 122}], "question": "Which radio program provided rankings of college and university programs?", "id": "5acf4c7277cf76001a684b53", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "top 25", "answer_start": 207}], "question": "In what tier did a number of KU's programs rank in 2015?", "id": "5acf4c7277cf76001a684b54", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The city management and urban policy program was ranked first in the nation, and the special education program second, by U.S. News & World Report's 2016 rankings. USN&WR also ranked several programs in the top 25 among U.S. universities."}], ["Pusat Perubatan universiti dan Hospital Universiti terletak di Kansas City, Kansas. Kampus Edwards terletak di Overland Park, Kansas, di kawasan metropolitan Kansas City. Terdapat juga tapak pendidikan dan penyelidikan di Parsons dan Topeka, dan cabang-cabang dari Sekolah Perubatan Universiti Kansas di Wichita dan Salina. Universiti ini adalah salah satu daripada 62 ahli Persatuan Universiti Amerika. <> Di mana dua bandar ada lokasi satelit untuk sekolah perubatan KU? || Wichita dan Salina <> Organisasi apa yang dimiliki oleh KU? || Persatuan Universiti Amerika <> Berapa banyak institusi yang terdiri daripada Persatuan Universiti Amerika Syarikat? || 62 <> Di mana bandar boleh dijumpai hospital KU? || Kansas City <> Di mana bandar boleh didapati kampus KU di Edwards? || Overland Park <> Di mana dua bandar ada lokasi satelit untuk sekolah undang-undang KU? || <> Organisasi apa yang bukan milik KU? || <> Berapa banyak institusi yang menolak keanggotaan Persatuan Universiti Amerika? || <> Di mana bandar boleh didapati sekolah undang-undang KU? || <> Di mana bandar tidak boleh didapati kampus KU di Edwards? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what two cities are there satellite locations for KU's medical school?", "id": "56e7812637bdd419002c404d", "answers": [{"text": "Wichita and Salina", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization does KU belong to?", "id": "56e7812637bdd419002c404e", "answers": [{"text": "the Association of American Universities", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many insititutions comprise the Association of American Universities' membership?", "id": "56e7812637bdd419002c404f", "answers": [{"text": "62", "answer_start": 359}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city can KU's hospital be found?", "id": "56e7812637bdd419002c4050", "answers": [{"text": "Kansas City", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city can KU's Edwards campus be found?", "id": "56e7812637bdd419002c4051", "answers": [{"text": "Overland Park", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wichita and Salina", "answer_start": 310}], "question": "In what two cities are there satellite locations for KU's law school?", "id": "5acf49b477cf76001a684b0a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Association of American Universities", "answer_start": 377}], "question": "What organization doesn't KU belong to?", "id": "5acf49b477cf76001a684b0b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "62", "answer_start": 359}], "question": "How many insititutions rejected the Association of American Universities' membership?", "id": "5acf49b477cf76001a684b0c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kansas City", "answer_start": 71}], "question": "In what city can KU's law school be found?", "id": "5acf49b477cf76001a684b0d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Overland Park", "answer_start": 117}], "question": "In what city can't KU's Edwards campus be found?", "id": "5acf49b477cf76001a684b0e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The university's Medical Center and University Hospital are located in Kansas City, Kansas. The Edwards Campus is in Overland Park, Kansas, in the Kansas City metropolitan area. There are also educational and research sites in Parsons and Topeka, and branches of the University of Kansas School of Medicine in Wichita and Salina. The university is one of the 62 members of the Association of American Universities."}], ["Universiti Kansas adalah universiti besar yang ditaja oleh kerajaan, dengan lima buah kampus. KU mempunyai Kolej Seni Liberal & Sains, yang merangkumi Sekolah Seni dan Sekolah Hal Ehwal & Pentadbiran Awam; dan sekolah-sekolah Seni Bina, Rekabentuk & Perancangan; Perniagaan; Pendidikan; Kejuruteraan; Profesion Kesihatan; Kewartawanan & Komunikasi Massa; Undang-undang; Ubat; Muzik; Kejururawatan; Farmasi; dan kebajikan sosial. Universiti menawarkan lebih daripada 345 program ijazah. <> Berapa banyak kampus yang dikendalikan oleh KU? || lima <> Apa istilah menggambarkan sifat bagaimana universiti dibiayai sebahagiannya? || negeri yang ditaja <> Apakah dua bahagian dari rumah Universiti Kansas di Kolej Seni Liberal dan Sains? || Sekolah Seni dan Sekolah Hal Ehwal & Pentadbiran Awam <> Sekurang-kurangnya berapa banyak program pemberian ijazah yang berlainan di KU? || 345 <> Berapa banyak kampus yang tidak dikendalikan oleh KU? || <> Apa istilah menggambarkan sifat bagaimana universiti itu dibiayai sepenuhnya? || <> Apakah tiga bahagian dari rumah Universiti Kansas di Kolej Seni Liberal dan Sains? || <> Sekurang-kurangnya berapa program pemberian ijazah yang berbeza tidak wujud di KU? || <> Sekurang-kurangnya berapa banyak program pemberian bukan darjah yang ada di KU? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many campuses are run by KU?", "id": "56e786e700c9c71400d77241", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term describes the nature of how the university is partially funded?", "id": "56e786e700c9c71400d77242", "answers": [{"text": "state-sponsored", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two parts of the University of Kansas house in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences?", "id": "56e786e700c9c71400d77243", "answers": [{"text": "the School of the Arts and the School of Public Affairs & Administration", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At least how many different degree-granting programs exist at KU?", "id": "56e786e700c9c71400d77244", "answers": [{"text": "345", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "How many campuses aren't run by KU?", "id": "5acf4c0577cf76001a684b46", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "state-sponsored", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "What term describes the nature of how the university is fully funded?", "id": "5acf4c0577cf76001a684b47", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the School of the Arts and the School of Public Affairs & Administration", "answer_start": 152}], "question": "What are three parts of the University of Kansas house in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences?", "id": "5acf4c0577cf76001a684b48", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "345", "answer_start": 459}], "question": "At least how many different degree-granting programs don't exist at KU?", "id": "5acf4c0577cf76001a684b49", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "345", "answer_start": 459}], "question": "At least how many different non-degree granting programs exist at KU?", "id": "5acf4c0577cf76001a684b4a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The University of Kansas is a large, state-sponsored university, with five campuses. KU features the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, which includes the School of the Arts and the School of Public Affairs & Administration; and the schools of Architecture, Design & Planning; Business; Education; Engineering; Health Professions; Journalism & Mass Communications; Law; Medicine; Music; Nursing; Pharmacy; and Social Welfare. The university offers more than 345 degree programs."}], ["Pendaftaran di kampus Lawrence dan Edwards adalah 23,597 pelajar pada musim gugur 2014; Tambahan 3,371 pelajar telah mendaftar di Pusat Perubatan KU untuk jumlah pendaftaran 26,968 pelajar di tiga kampus tersebut. Secara keseluruhan universiti menggunakan 2,663 ahli fakulti pada musim gugur 2012. <> Berapa banyak orang yang menghadiri University of Kansas di lokasi Edwards dan Lawrence pada semester musim gugur tahun 2014? || 23,597 <> Pada musim luruh tahun 2014, berapa orang yang menghadiri Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kansas? || 3,371 <> Berapa banyak pelajar yang menghadiri University of Kansas digabungkan pada kejatuhan tahun 2014? || 26,968 <> Berapa ramai profesional pendidikan yang bekerja di KU pada musim gugur tahun 2012? || 2,663 <> Berapa ramai orang yang menghadiri Universiti Kansas di lokasi Edwards dan Lawrence pada semester musim sejuk tahun 2014? || <> Pada musim bunga tahun 2014, berapa orang yang menghadiri Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kansas? || <> Berapa ramai pelajar yang menghadiri University of Kansas digabungkan pada musim gugur tahun 2015? || <> Berapa banyak profesional pendidikan yang bekerja di KU pada musim gugur tahun 2014? || <> Berapa ramai pelajar yang bekerja di KU pada musim gugur tahun 2012? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people attended the University of Kansas at its Edwards and Lawrence locations in the fall semester of 2014?", "id": "56e7822000c9c71400d771e1", "answers": [{"text": "23,597", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the autumn of 2014, how many people attended the University of Kansas's Medical Center?", "id": "56e7822000c9c71400d771e2", "answers": [{"text": "3,371", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many students attended the University of Kansas combined in fall of 2014?", "id": "56e7822000c9c71400d771e3", "answers": [{"text": "26,968", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many education professionals were working at KU in the fall of 2012?", "id": "56e7822000c9c71400d771e4", "answers": [{"text": "2,663", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "23,597", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "How many people attended the University of Kansas at its Edwards and Lawrence locations in the winter semester of 2014?", "id": "5acf4a1f77cf76001a684b14", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "3,371", "answer_start": 96}], "question": "In the spring of 2014, how many people attended the University of Kansas's Medical Center?", "id": "5acf4a1f77cf76001a684b15", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "26,968", "answer_start": 176}], "question": "How many students attended the University of Kansas combined in fall of 2015?", "id": "5acf4a1f77cf76001a684b16", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2,663", "answer_start": 251}], "question": "How many education professionals were working at KU in the fall of 2014?", "id": "5acf4a1f77cf76001a684b17", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2,663", "answer_start": 251}], "question": "How many students were working at KU in the fall of 2012?", "id": "5acf4a1f77cf76001a684b18", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Enrollment at the Lawrence and Edwards campuses was 23,597 students in fall 2014; an additional 3,371 students were enrolled at the KU Medical Center for a total enrollment of 26,968 students across the three campuses. The university overall employed 2,663 faculty members in fall 2012."}], ["The University of Kansas School of Architecture, Reka Bentuk dan Perancangan (SADP), dengan bangunan utamanya yang Marvin Hall, mengesan akar seni bina dengan penciptaan program gelar kejuruteraan seni bina di Sekolah Kejuruteraan KU pada tahun 1912. Ijazah Sarjana Muda Seni Bina telah ditambah pada tahun 1920. Pada tahun 1969, Sekolah Seni Bina dan Rekabentuk Bandar (SAUD) telah dibentuk dengan tiga program: seni bina, kejuruteraan seni bina, dan perancangan bandar. Pada tahun 2001 kejuruteraan seni bina bergabung dengan kejuruteraan awam dan persekitaran. Program reka bentuk dari Sekolah Seni Halus yang dihentikan telah digabungkan ke dalam sekolah pada tahun 2009 yang membentuk Sekolah Seni Bina, Rekabentuk, dan Perancangan semasa. <> Apa sekolah KU disingkat sebagai SADP? || Universiti Kansas Sekolah Senibina, Reka Bentuk, dan Perancangan <> Di mana SADP bertempat? || Marvin Hall <> Apakah nama sekolah yang berfungsi sebagai pendahulunya SADP? || Sekolah Seni Bina dan Rekabentuk Bandar <> Dengan apa dua program lain ialah kurikulum kejuruteraan seni bina KU yang menyertai tahun 2001? || kejuruteraan sivil dan persekitaran <> Dalam tahun apakah SADP menganggap bentuknya sekarang? || 2009 <> Apa sekolah KU disingkat sebagai SDAP? || <> Di mana SDAP ditempatkan? || <> Apakah nama sekolah yang berkhidmat sebagai postcursor SADP? || <> Dengan apa dua program lain ialah kurikulum kejuruteraan seni bina KU yang menyertai tahun 2010? || <> Dalam tahun apakah SADP menolak borang semasa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What KU school is abbreviated as SADP?", "id": "56e7882837bdd419002c40c9", "answers": [{"text": "The University of Kansas School of Architecture, Design, and Planning", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the SADP housed?", "id": "56e7882837bdd419002c40ca", "answers": [{"text": "Marvin Hall", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the school that served as the SADP's precursor?", "id": "56e7882837bdd419002c40cb", "answers": [{"text": "the School of Architecture and Urban Design", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With what two other programs was KU's architectural engineering curriculum joined in 2001?", "id": "56e7882837bdd419002c40cc", "answers": [{"text": "civil and environmental engineering", "answer_start": 508}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the SADP assume its current form?", "id": "56e7882837bdd419002c40cd", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 638}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "University of Kansas School of Architecture, Design, and Planning", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What KU school is abbreviated as SDAP?", "id": "5acf4ce277cf76001a684b5a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Marvin Hall", "answer_start": 107}], "question": "Where is the SDAP housed?", "id": "5acf4ce277cf76001a684b5b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "School of Architecture and Urban Design", "answer_start": 322}], "question": "What was the name of the school that served as the SADP's postcursor?", "id": "5acf4ce277cf76001a684b5c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "civil and environmental engineering", "answer_start": 508}], "question": "With what two other programs was KU's architectural engineering curriculum joined in 2010?", "id": "5acf4ce277cf76001a684b5d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 638}], "question": "In what year did the SADP reject its current form?", "id": "5acf4ce277cf76001a684b5e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The University of Kansas School of Architecture, Design, and Planning (SADP), with its main building being Marvin Hall, traces its architectural roots to the creation of the architectural engineering degree program in KU's School of Engineering in 1912. The Bachelor of Architecture degree was added in 1920. In 1969, the School of Architecture and Urban Design (SAUD) was formed with three programs: architecture, architectural engineering, and urban planning. In 2001 architectural engineering merged with civil and environmental engineering. The design programs from the discontinued School of Fine Arts were merged into the school in 2009 forming the current School of Architecture, Design, and Planning."}], ["KU adalah rumah kepada Institut Politik Robert J. Dole, Pusat Kecacatan Pantai, Pusat Lied Kansas dan stesen radio KJHK, 90.7 FM, dan KANU, 91.5 FM. Universiti ini menjadi tuan rumah kepada beberapa muzium termasuk Universiti Sejarah Alam Universiti Kansas dan Muzium Seni Spencer. Perpustakaan Universiti termasuk Perpustakaan Watson, Perpustakaan Penyelidikan Spencer, dan Perpustakaan Anschutz, yang memperingati ahli perniagaan Philip Anschutz, alumnus Universiti. <> Apa bahagian KU berfungsi untuk pelajar belajar tentang kerajaan? || Institut Politik Robert J. Dole <> Apakah dua stesen radio yang disiarkan dari KU? || KJHK, 90.7 FM, dan KANU, 91.5 FM <> Apa nama institusi seni rupa di kampus KU? || Muzium Spencer Art <> Perpustakaan mana yang ditujukan kepada bekas pelajar Universiti Kansas? || Perpustakaan Anschutz <> Siapa yang disebut Anschutz Library? || Philip Anschutz <> Apa bahagian KU berfungsi pelajar tidak belajar tentang kerajaan? || <> Apakah dua stesen radio yang disiarkan di luar KU? || <> Apakah nama institusi seni mentah di kampus KU? || <> Perpustakaan mana yang didedikasikan untuk pelajar semasa di University of Kansas? || <> Siapa yang bukan nama Anschutz Library? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What part of KU serves students learning about government?", "id": "56e7860237bdd419002c4097", "answers": [{"text": "the Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two radio stations that broadcast from KU?", "id": "56e7860237bdd419002c4098", "answers": [{"text": "KJHK, 90.7 FM, and KANU, 91.5 FM", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of a fine art institution on the campus of KU?", "id": "56e7860237bdd419002c4099", "answers": [{"text": "the Spencer Museum of Art", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which library is dedicated to a former student of the University of Kansas?", "id": "56e7860237bdd419002c409a", "answers": [{"text": "Anschutz Library", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whom is the Anschutz Library named for?", "id": "56e7860237bdd419002c409b", "answers": [{"text": "Philip Anschutz", "answer_start": 437}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics", "answer_start": 18}], "question": "What part of KU serves students not learning about government?", "id": "5acf4b8f77cf76001a684b3c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "KJHK, 90.7 FM, and KANU, 91.5 FM", "answer_start": 129}], "question": "What are two radio stations that broadcast outside of KU?", "id": "5acf4b8f77cf76001a684b3d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spencer Museum of Art", "answer_start": 271}], "question": "What is the name of a crude art institution on the campus of KU?", "id": "5acf4b8f77cf76001a684b3e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Anschutz Library", "answer_start": 384}], "question": "Which library is dedicated to a current student of the University of Kansas?", "id": "5acf4b8f77cf76001a684b3f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Philip Anschutz", "answer_start": 437}], "question": "Whom isn't the Anschutz Library named for?", "id": "5acf4b8f77cf76001a684b40", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "KU is home to the Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics, the Beach Center on Disability, Lied Center of Kansas and radio stations KJHK, 90.7 FM, and KANU, 91.5 FM. The university is host to several museums including the University of Kansas Natural History Museum and the Spencer Museum of Art. The libraries of the University include the Watson Library, Spencer Research Library, and Anschutz Library, which commemorates the businessman Philip Anschutz, an alumnus of the University."}], ["Pada 20 Februari 1863, Gubernur Kansas Thomas Carney menandatangani undang-undang sebuah rang undang-undang yang mewujudkan universiti negeri di Lawrence. Undang-undang itu dikekalkan atas hadiah dari Lawrence daripada dana sumbangan $ 15,000 dan tapak untuk universiti, di atau berhampiran bandar, tidak kurang dari empat puluh ekar (16 ha) tanah. Jika Lawrence gagal memenuhi syarat-syarat ini, Emporia dan bukannya Lawrence akan mendapatkan universiti itu. <> Pada tarikh apakah kampus Lawrence KU dibuat rasmi? || 20 Februari 1863 <> Berapa banyak wang yang diberikan oleh Lawrence untuk menyumbang kepada Universiti sebagai syarat piagamnya? || $ 15,000 <> Apa saiz minimum tanah yang boleh diberikan oleh Lawrence untuk universiti? || Empat puluh ekar <> Apa bandar bersaing yang akan datang jika Lawrence tidak dapat memenuhi syarat yang diperlukan untuk mendapatkan KU dibina di bandarnya? || Emporia <> Pada apa tarikh kampus Lawrence KU dibuat tidak rasmi? || <> Berapa banyak emas yang dilakukan oleh Lawrence untuk menyumbang kepada Universiti sebagai syarat piagamnya? || <> Apakah saiz maksimum tanah yang boleh diberikan oleh Lawrence untuk universiti? || <> Apa bandar bersaing yang akan datang jika Lawrence dapat memenuhi keperluan yang diperlukan untuk mendapatkan KU dibina di bandarnya? || <> Apa yang keluar dari bandar raya negara seterusnya jika Lawrence tidak dapat memenuhi syarat yang diperlukan untuk mendapatkan KU dibina di bandarnya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was KU's Lawrence campus made official?", "id": "56e782a500c9c71400d771f3", "answers": [{"text": "February 20, 1863", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money did Lawrence have to contribute to the University as terms of its charter?", "id": "56e782a500c9c71400d771f5", "answers": [{"text": "$15,000", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the minimum size of the land that Lawrence could provide for the university?", "id": "56e782a500c9c71400d771f6", "answers": [{"text": "forty acres", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What competing city was next in line if Lawrence would have been unable to meet the requirements necessary to get KU built in its city?", "id": "56e782a500c9c71400d771f7", "answers": [{"text": "Emporia", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "February 20, 1863", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "On what date was KU's Lawrence campus made unofficial?", "id": "5acf4a8777cf76001a684b1e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "$15,000", "answer_start": 173}], "question": "How much gold did Lawrence have to contribute to the University as terms of its charter?", "id": "5acf4a8777cf76001a684b1f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "forty acres", "answer_start": 265}], "question": "What was the maximum size of the land that Lawrence could provide for the university?", "id": "5acf4a8777cf76001a684b20", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Emporia", "answer_start": 339}], "question": "What competing city was next in line if Lawrence would have been able to meet the requirements necessary to get KU built in its city?", "id": "5acf4a8777cf76001a684b21", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Emporia", "answer_start": 339}], "question": "What out of state city was next in line if Lawrence would have been unable to meet the requirements necessary to get KU built in its city?", "id": "5acf4a8777cf76001a684b22", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On February 20, 1863, Kansas Governor Thomas Carney signed into law a bill creating the state university in Lawrence. The law was conditioned upon a gift from Lawrence of a $15,000 endowment fund and a site for the university, in or near the town, of not less than forty acres (16 ha) of land. If Lawrence failed to meet these conditions, Emporia instead of Lawrence would get the university."}], ["Laman web yang dipilih untuk universiti itu adalah bukit yang dikenali sebagai Mount Oread, yang dimiliki oleh bekas Gubernur Kansas Charles L. Robinson. Robinson dan isterinya Sara mengagumkan tapak seluas 40 ekar (16 ha) ke Negeri Kansas sebagai pertukaran tanah di tempat lain. Dermawan Amos Adams Lawrence mendermakan $ 10,000 dana endowmen yang diperlukan, dan warga Lawrence menaikkan baki tunai dengan mengeluarkan nota yang disokong oleh Gubernur Carney. Pada 2 November 1863, Gabenor Carney mengumumkan bahawa Lawrence telah memenuhi syarat untuk mendapatkan universiti negeri, dan pada tahun berikutnya universiti itu dianjurkan secara rasmi. Lembaga Bupati sekolah mengadakan pertemuan pertamanya pada bulan Maret 1865, yang merupakan peristiwa yang KU menetapkan pendiriannya. Bekerja di bangunan kolej pertama bermula pada tahun itu. Universiti dibuka untuk kelas pada 12 September 1866, dan kelas pertama tamat pada tahun 1873. <> Mengenai ciri geografi yang dibangunkan oleh KU? || Gunung Oread <> Siapa yang membuat tapak pembinaan KU asalnya? || Charles L. Robinson <> Siapa yang memberikan majoriti wang yang diperlukan untuk mendapatkan tapak Universiti Kansas? || Amos Adams Lawrence <> Apakah badan pemerintah KU? || Board of Regents <> Apakah tahun di mana jadual pertama KU pelajar lulus? || 1873 <> Apa ciri geografi KU dikoyakkan? || <> Siapa yang membuat tapak pembinaan UK asalnya? || <> Siapa yang memberikan sedikit wang untuk membiayai tapak Universiti Kansas? || <> Apa badan bukan kerajaan KU? || <> Apakah tahun di mana jadual akhir KU pelajar lulus? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "On what geographic feature was KU built?", "id": "56e7853900c9c71400d7721d", "answers": [{"text": "Mount Oread", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the site of KU's construction originally belong to?", "id": "56e7853900c9c71400d7721e", "answers": [{"text": "Charles L. Robinson", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who provided the majority of the money needed to secure the site of the University of Kansas?", "id": "56e7853900c9c71400d7721f", "answers": [{"text": "Amos Adams Lawrence", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the governing body of KU?", "id": "56e7853900c9c71400d77220", "answers": [{"text": "Board of Regents", "answer_start": 626}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the year in which KU's first roster of students graduated?", "id": "56e7853900c9c71400d77221", "answers": [{"text": "1873", "answer_start": 881}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mount Oread", "answer_start": 57}], "question": "On what geographic feature was KU torn down?", "id": "5acf4ae377cf76001a684b28", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Charles L. Robinson", "answer_start": 112}], "question": "Who did the site of UK's construction originally belong to?", "id": "5acf4ae377cf76001a684b29", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Amos Adams Lawrence", "answer_start": 268}], "question": "Who provided the minority of the money needed to secure the site of the University of Kansas?", "id": "5acf4ae377cf76001a684b2a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Board of Regents", "answer_start": 626}], "question": "What was the non-governing body of KU?", "id": "5acf4ae377cf76001a684b2b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1873", "answer_start": 881}], "question": "What was the year in which KU's final roster of students graduated?", "id": "5acf4ae377cf76001a684b2c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The site selected for the university was a hill known as Mount Oread, which was owned by former Kansas Governor Charles L. Robinson. Robinson and his wife Sara bestowed the 40-acre (16 ha) site to the State of Kansas in exchange for land elsewhere. The philanthropist Amos Adams Lawrence donated $10,000 of the necessary endowment fund, and the citizens of Lawrence raised the remaining cash by issuing notes backed by Governor Carney. On November 2, 1863, Governor Carney announced that Lawrence had met the conditions to get the state university, and the following year the university was officially organized. The school's Board of Regents held its first meeting in March 1865, which is the event that KU dates its founding from. Work on the first college building began later that year. The university opened for classes on September 12, 1866, and the first class graduated in 1873."}], ["University of Kansas (KU) adalah universiti penyelidikan awam dan yang terbesar di negeri Kansas A.S.. Kampus cawangan KU terletak di bandar Lawrence, Wichita, Overland Park, Salina, dan Kansas City, Kansas, dengan kampus utama yang terletak di Lawrence di Gunung Oread, lokasi tertinggi di Lawrence. Ditubuhkan pada 21 Mac 1865, universiti itu dibuka pada tahun 1866, di bawah piagam yang diberikan oleh Badan Perundangan Negeri Kansas pada tahun 1864 berikutan membolehkan undang-undang yang diluluskan pada tahun 1863 di bawah Perlembagaan Negeri Kansas, diguna pakai dua tahun selepas pengakuan bekas Wilayah Kansas itu pada tahun 1861 Ke-34 ke dalam Kesatuan berikutan perang saudara dalaman yang sangat terkenal yang dikenali sebagai \"Pendarahan Kansas\" pada tahun 1850-an. <> Apakah singkatan yang dikenali oleh Universiti Kansas? || KU <> Di mana cawangan utama University of Kansas terletak? || Lawrence <> Apakah titik tertinggi di Lawrence? || Gunung Oread <> Siapa yang membenarkan pembukaan Universiti Kansas? || Kansas State Legislature <> Pada tahun apakah Kansas telah menjadi ahli Amerika Syarikat? || 1861 <> Apakah singkatan yang dikenali oleh Universiti Kentucky? || <> Di mana cawangan sampingan University of Kansas terletak? || <> Apakah titik terendah di Lawrence? || <> Siapa yang membenarkan penutupan Universiti Kansas? || <> Pada tahun apakah Kansas telah menjadi ahli Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the abbreviation by which the University of Kansas is known?", "id": "56e780ac00c9c71400d771c7", "answers": [{"text": "KU", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the main branch of the University of Kansas located?", "id": "56e780ac00c9c71400d771c8", "answers": [{"text": "Lawrence", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the tallest point in Lawrence?", "id": "56e780ac00c9c71400d771c9", "answers": [{"text": "Mount Oread", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who authorized the opening of the University of Kansas?", "id": "56e780ac00c9c71400d771ca", "answers": [{"text": "the Kansas State Legislature", "answer_start": 398}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Kansas made a member of the United States?", "id": "56e780ac00c9c71400d771cb", "answers": [{"text": "1861", "answer_start": 546}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "KU", "answer_start": 26}], "question": "What is the abbreviation by which the University of Kentucky is known?", "id": "5acf495477cf76001a684b00", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lawrence on Mount Oread", "answer_start": 253}], "question": "Where is the side branch of the University of Kansas located?", "id": "5acf495477cf76001a684b01", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mount Oread", "answer_start": 265}], "question": "What is the lowest point in Lawrence?", "id": "5acf495477cf76001a684b02", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kansas State Legislature", "answer_start": 402}], "question": "Who authorized the closing of the University of Kansas?", "id": "5acf495477cf76001a684b03", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1861", "answer_start": 546}], "question": "In what year was Kansas made a member of the United Nations?", "id": "5acf495477cf76001a684b04", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The University of Kansas (KU) is a public research university and the largest in the U.S. state of Kansas. KU branch campuses are located in the towns of Lawrence, Wichita, Overland Park, Salina, and Kansas City, Kansas, with the main campus located in Lawrence on Mount Oread, the highest location in Lawrence. Founded March 21, 1865, the university was opened in 1866, under a charter granted by the Kansas State Legislature in 1864 following enabling legislation passed in 1863 under the Kansas State Constitution, adopted two years after the 1861 admission of the former Kansas Territory as the 34th state into the Union following a very famous bloody internal civil war known as \"Bleeding Kansas\" during the 1850s."}], ["Universiti Kansas Sekolah Perniagaan adalah sekolah perniagaan awam yang terletak di kampus utama Universiti Kansas di Lawrence, Kansas. Sekolah Perniagaan KU ditubuhkan pada tahun 1924 dan kini mempunyai lebih daripada 80 ahli fakulti dan kira-kira 1500 pelajar. <> Institusi macam apakah Sekolah Perniagaan KU? || awam <> Di manakah sekolah perniagaan di KU terletak? || Lawrence <> Bilakah Sekolah Perniagaan Universiti Kansas ditubuhkan? || 1924 <> Berapa ramai pelajar yang menghadiri sekolah perniagaan di KU? || 1500 <> Berapa banyak pendidik yang bekerja di Sekolah Perniagaan KU? || lebih daripada 80 <> Institusi jenis apa yang bukan Sekolah Perniagaan KU? || <> Di manakah sekolah perniagaan di KU tidak terletak? || <> Bilakah Sekolah Perniagaan Universiti University of Kansas dimusnahkan? || <> Berapa ramai pelajar yang keluar dari sekolah perniagaan di KU? || <> Berapa banyak pendidik yang sukarela di Sekolah Perniagaan KU? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of institution is KU's School of Business?", "id": "56e78dc437bdd419002c4125", "answers": [{"text": "public", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the business school at KU located?", "id": "56e78dc437bdd419002c4126", "answers": [{"text": "Lawrence", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the University of Kansas School of Business established?", "id": "56e78dc437bdd419002c4127", "answers": [{"text": "1924", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many students attend the business school at KU?", "id": "56e78dc437bdd419002c4128", "answers": [{"text": "1500", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many educators work at the KU School of Business?", "id": "56e78dc437bdd419002c4129", "answers": [{"text": "more than 80", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "public", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "What kind of institution isn't KU's School of Business?", "id": "5acf4dd377cf76001a684b6e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lawrence", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "Where is the business school at KU not located?", "id": "5acf4dd377cf76001a684b6f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1924", "answer_start": 189}], "question": "When was the University of Kansas School of Business destroyed?", "id": "5acf4dd377cf76001a684b70", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1500", "answer_start": 259}], "question": "How many students dropped out of the business school at KU?", "id": "5acf4dd377cf76001a684b71", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "more than 80", "answer_start": 212}], "question": "How many educators volunteer at the KU School of Business?", "id": "5acf4dd377cf76001a684b72", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The University of Kansas School of Business is a public business school located on the main campus of the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas. The KU School of Business was founded in 1924 and currently has more than 80 faculty members and approximately 1500 students."}], ["KU Edwards Campus berada di Overland Park, Kansas. Ditubuhkan pada tahun 1993, matlamatnya adalah untuk menyediakan orang dewasa dengan peluang untuk melengkapkan ijazah kolej. Sekitar 2,100 pelajar menghadiri Kampus Edwards, dengan usia purata 32. Program yang terdapat di Kampus Edwards termasuk psikologi pembangunan, pentadbiran awam, kerja sosial, analisis sistem, teknologi maklumat, pengurusan kejuruteraan dan reka bentuk. <> Di bandar apakah kampus Edwards terletak? || Overland Park <> Bilakah Kampus Edwards dibina? || 1993 <> Siapakah pelajar utama di Kampus Edwards? || orang dewasa <> Berapa purata umur pelajar di Kampus Edwards KU? || 32 <> Apa yang boleh diperoleh oleh pelajar dewasa melalui belajar di Kampus Edwards di University of Kansas? || ijazah kolej <> Di negara apakah kampus Edwards terletak? || <> Bilakah kampus Edwards dimusnahkan? || <> Siapa jenis pelajar menengah di Kampus Edwards? || <> Berapa umur pelajar paling tinggi di Kampus Edwards KU? || <> Apa yang boleh diperoleh oleh pelajar dewasa melalui drop out di Kampus Edwards di University of Kansas? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what city is the Edwards Campus located?", "id": "56e7943837bdd419002c4193", "answers": [{"text": "Overland Park", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Edwards Campus built?", "id": "56e7943837bdd419002c4194", "answers": [{"text": "1993", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who are the main kinds of students at the Edwards Campus?", "id": "56e7943837bdd419002c4195", "answers": [{"text": "adults", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average age of students on KU's Edwards Campus?", "id": "56e7943837bdd419002c4196", "answers": [{"text": "32", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can adult learners obtain through studying at the Edwards Campus of the University of Kansas?", "id": "56e7943837bdd419002c4197", "answers": [{"text": "college degrees", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Overland Park", "answer_start": 26}], "question": "In what country is the Edwards Campus located?", "id": "5acf5f2777cf76001a684c9a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1993", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "When was the Edwards Campus destroyed?", "id": "5acf5f2777cf76001a684c9b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "adults", "answer_start": 93}], "question": "Who are the secondary kinds of students at the Edwards Campus?", "id": "5acf5f2777cf76001a684c9c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "32", "answer_start": 221}], "question": "What is the highest age of students on KU's Edwards Campus?", "id": "5acf5f2777cf76001a684c9d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "college degrees", "answer_start": 133}], "question": "What can adult learners obtain through dropping out at the Edwards Campus of the University of Kansas?", "id": "5acf5f2777cf76001a684c9e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "KU's Edwards Campus is in Overland Park, Kansas. Established in 1993, its goal is to provide adults with the opportunity to complete college degrees. About 2,100 students attend the Edwards Campus, with an average age of 32. Programs available at the Edwards Campus include developmental psychology, public administration, social work, systems analysis, information technology, engineering management and design."}], ["Dalam laporan \"Pelajar Terbaik Amerika\" Laporan A.S. dan World Report 2016, Sekolah Kejuruteraan KU berada di kedudukan ke-90 di kalangan universiti kebangsaan. <> Siapa yang menerbitkan Kolej Terbaik Amerika pada tahun 2016? || Berita A.S. & World Report <> Di mana tempat sekolah kejuruteraan di KU muncul pada tahun 2016? || 90th <> Terhadap apa jenis institusi lain yang dibandingkan dengan sekolah kejuruteraan KU? || universiti kebangsaan <> yang menerbitkan Kolej Terbaik Amerika pada tahun 2015? || <> Siapa yang menerbitkan Sekolah Terburuk Amerika pada tahun 2016? || <> Di mana tempat sekolah kejuruteraan di UK muncul pada tahun 2016? || <> Di mana tempat sekolah kejuruteraan di KU muncul pada tahun 2015? || <> Terhadap apa jenis institusi lain yang dibandingkan dengan sekolah medis KU? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who published America's Best Colleges in 2016?", "id": "56e790e237bdd419002c414d", "answers": [{"text": "U.S. News & World Report", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what place did the engineering school at KU appear in 2016?", "id": "56e790e237bdd419002c414e", "answers": [{"text": "90th", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Against what other kinds of institutions was KU's engineering school compared?", "id": "56e790e237bdd419002c414f", "answers": [{"text": "national universities", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "U.S. News & World Report", "answer_start": 7}], "question": "Who published America's Best Colleges in 2015?", "id": "5acf5c9477cf76001a684c36", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "U.S. News & World Report", "answer_start": 7}], "question": "Who published America's Worst Colleges in 2016?", "id": "5acf5c9477cf76001a684c37", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "90th", "answer_start": 119}], "question": "In what place did the engineering school at UK appear in 2016?", "id": "5acf5c9477cf76001a684c38", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "90th", "answer_start": 119}], "question": "In what place did the engineering school at KU appear in 2015?", "id": "5acf5c9477cf76001a684c39", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "national universities", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "Against what other kinds of institutions was KU's med school compared?", "id": "5acf5c9477cf76001a684c3a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the U.S. News & World Report's \"America\u2019s Best Colleges\" 2016 issue, KU\u2019s School of Engineering was ranked tied for 90th among national universities."}], ["Sekolah Kejuruteraan KU adalah sekolah kejuruteraan awam ABET, yang terletak di kampus utama. Sekolah Kejuruteraan telah diasaskan secara rasmi pada tahun 1891, walaupun ijazah kejuruteraan telah dianugerahkan pada awal 1873. <> Apa akronim bagi sebuah organisasi yang berfungsi sebagai badan akreditasi bagi sekolah kejuruteraan? || ABET <> Pada kampus apa yang terletak di Sekolah Kejuruteraan University of Kansas? || kampus utama <> Bilakah sekolah kejuruteraan KU ditubuhkan? || 1891 <> Bilakah Universiti Kansas mula mengeluarkan ijazah dalam bidang kejuruteraan? || 1873 <> Institusi macam apakah sekolah kejuruteraan KU? || awam <> Apakah akronim bagi organisasi yang berfungsi sebagai badan akreditasi untuk sekolah med? || <> Di kampus apa yang tidak terletak di Sekolah Kejuruteraan Universiti Kansas? || <> Bilakah sekolah kejuruteraan KU ditutup? || <> Bilakah Universiti Kansas berhenti mengeluarkan ijazah dalam bidang kejuruteraan? || <> Institusi macam apakah sekolah undang-undang KU? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the acronym for an organization that serves as an accreditation body for engineering schools?", "id": "56e7906100c9c71400d772d7", "answers": [{"text": "ABET", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what campus is the University of Kansas School of Engineering located?", "id": "56e7906100c9c71400d772d8", "answers": [{"text": "main campus", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was KU's engineering school established?", "id": "56e7906100c9c71400d772d9", "answers": [{"text": "1891", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the University of Kansas start issuing degrees in engineering?", "id": "56e7906100c9c71400d772da", "answers": [{"text": "1873", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of institution is KU's engineering school?", "id": "56e7906100c9c71400d772db", "answers": [{"text": "public", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ABET", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "What is the acronym for an organization that serves as an accreditation body for med schools?", "id": "5acf4ee977cf76001a684b8c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "main campus", "answer_start": 93}], "question": "On what campus is the University of Kansas School of Engineering not located?", "id": "5acf4ee977cf76001a684b8d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1891", "answer_start": 158}], "question": "When was KU's engineering school closed?", "id": "5acf4ee977cf76001a684b8e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1873", "answer_start": 218}], "question": "When did the University of Kansas stop issuing degrees in engineering?", "id": "5acf4ee977cf76001a684b8f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "public", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "What kind of institution is KU's law school?", "id": "5acf4ee977cf76001a684b90", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The KU School of Engineering is an ABET accredited, public engineering school located on the main campus. The School of Engineering was officially founded in 1891, although engineering degrees were awarded as early as 1873."}], ["Alumni terkenal termasuk Alan Mulally (BS / MS), bekas Presiden dan Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Ford Motor Company, Lou Montulli, pengasas bersama Netscape dan pengarang pelayar web Lynx, Brian McClendon (BSEE 1986), VP of Engineering di Google, Charles E. Spahr (1934), bekas Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Standard Oil of Ohio. <> Apakah bekas pemimpin syarikat pembuatan kereta yang menghadiri KU? || Alan Mulally <> Mana yang dikaitkan dengan penyemak imbas web adalah pelajar di KU? || Lou Montulli <> Apa pekerja Google pernah belajar di University of Kansas? || Brian McClendon <> Apa syarikat pemimpin minyak adalah alumni Universiti Kansas? || Charles E. Spahr <> Bagi syarikat apa yang pernah ditugaskan oleh Charles Spahr sebagai CEO? || Minyak Standard Ohio <> Pemimpin syarikat pengeluar kereta yang hadir sekarang menghadiri KU? || <> Orang manakah yang dikaitkan dengan penyemak imbas web adalah guru di KU? || <> Apa yang pernah diajarkan oleh pekerja Google di University of Kansas? || <> Apa syarikat pemimpin minyak adalah seorang profesor di University of Kansas? || <> Bagi syarikat apa yang pernah ditugaskan oleh Charles Spahr sebagai CFO? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What former leader of a car manufacturing company attended KU?", "id": "56e7915837bdd419002c415d", "answers": [{"text": "Alan Mulally", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which person associated with web browsers was a student at KU?", "id": "56e7915837bdd419002c415e", "answers": [{"text": "Lou Montulli", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Google employee once studied at the University of Kansas?", "id": "56e7915837bdd419002c415f", "answers": [{"text": "Brian McClendon", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What oil company leader is an alumnus of the University of Kansas?", "id": "56e7915837bdd419002c4160", "answers": [{"text": "Charles E. Spahr", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what company did Charles Spahr serve as CEO?", "id": "56e7915837bdd419002c4161", "answers": [{"text": "Standard Oil of Ohio", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Alan Mulally", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "What current leader of a car manufacturing company attended KU?", "id": "5acf5df877cf76001a684c5e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lou Montulli", "answer_start": 94}], "question": "Which person associated with web browsers was a teacher at KU?", "id": "5acf5df877cf76001a684c5f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Brian McClendon", "answer_start": 167}], "question": "What Google employee once taught at the University of Kansas?", "id": "5acf5df877cf76001a684c60", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Charles E. Spahr", "answer_start": 225}], "question": "What oil company leader is a professor of the University of Kansas?", "id": "5acf5df877cf76001a684c61", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Standard Oil of Ohio", "answer_start": 264}], "question": "For what company did Charles Spahr serve as CFO?", "id": "5acf5df877cf76001a684c62", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Notable alumni include: Alan Mulally (BS/MS), former President and CEO of Ford Motor Company, Lou Montulli, co-founder of Netscape and author of the Lynx web browser, Brian McClendon (BSEE 1986), VP of Engineering at Google, Charles E. Spahr (1934), former CEO of Standard Oil of Ohio."}], ["The University of Kansas School of Law adalah sekolah undang-undang teratas di negeri Kansas, dan ke-68 negara, menurut edisi 2014 A.S. News & World \"Edisi Siswa Terbaik\" edisi. Kelas diadakan di Green Hall di W 15th St dan Burdick Dr, yang dinamakan sempena mantan dekan James Green. <> Pada tahun 2014, apakah isu Berita A.S. & Laporan Dunia yang diberikan pangkat untuk sekolah undang-undang? || Sekolah Siswazah Terbaik <> Apakah ranking sekolah undang-undang KU pada 2014? || 68th <> University of Kansas mempunyai sekolah undang-undang tertinggi di mana keadaannya? || Kansas <> Dalam bangunan apakah yang dilakukan oleh pelajar undang-undang di kelas di KU? || Green Hall <> Bagi siapa yang bernama Green Hall? || James Green <> Pada tahun 2015, apakah isu Berita A.S. & Laporan Dunia yang diberikan pangkat bagi sekolah undang-undang? || <> Apakah ranking sekolah undang-undang tempatan KU pada tahun 2014? || >> University of Kansas mempunyai sekolah rendah terendah di mana keadaannya? || <> Dalam bangunan apakah pelajar undang-undang melangkau kelas di KU? || <> Bagi siapa Green Hall tidak dinamakan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In 2014, what issue of U.S. News & World Report provided rankins for law schools?", "id": "56e78f1137bdd419002c4139", "answers": [{"text": "Best Graduate Schools", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was KU's national law school ranking in 2014?", "id": "56e78f1137bdd419002c413a", "answers": [{"text": "68th", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The University of Kansas had the highest rated law school in which state?", "id": "56e78f1137bdd419002c413b", "answers": [{"text": "Kansas", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what building do law students attend classes at KU?", "id": "56e78f1137bdd419002c413c", "answers": [{"text": "Green Hall", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For whom is Green Hall named?", "id": "56e78f1137bdd419002c413d", "answers": [{"text": "James Green", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Best Graduate Schools", "answer_start": 155}], "question": "In 2015, what issue of U.S. News & World Report provided rankins for law schools?", "id": "5acf4e9a77cf76001a684b82", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "68th", "answer_start": 90}], "question": "What was KU's local law school ranking in 2014?", "id": "5acf4e9a77cf76001a684b83", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kansas", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "The University of Kansas had the lowest rated law school in which state?", "id": "5acf4e9a77cf76001a684b84", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Green Hall", "answer_start": 207}], "question": "In what building do law students skip classes at KU?", "id": "5acf4e9a77cf76001a684b85", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "James Green", "answer_start": 280}], "question": "For whom is Green Hall not named?", "id": "5acf4e9a77cf76001a684b86", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The University of Kansas School of Law was the top law school in the state of Kansas, and 68th nationally, according to the 2014 U.S. News & World Report \"Best Graduate Schools\" edition. Classes are held in Green Hall at W 15th St and Burdick Dr, which is named after former dean James Green."}], ["Menurut jurnal DesignIntelligence, yang setiap tahunnya menerbitkan \"Seni Bina dan Rekaan Terbaik Amerika Sekolah\", Sekolah Seni Bina dan Rekaan Perkotaan di University of Kansas dinamakan yang terbaik di Midwest dan menduduki tempat ke-11 di antara semua program seni bina sarjana di Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 2012 . <> Apa nama penerbitan yang meletakkan sekolah yang terlibat dalam pendidikan seni bina dan reka bentuk? || DesignIntelligence <> Apakah nama penarafan tahunan yang diterbitkan oleh DesignIntelligence? || Sekolah Senibina dan Reka Bentuk Terbaik Amerika <> Apakah gelaran sekolah seni bina KU yang diterima pada tahun 2012? || terbaik di Midwest <> Di mana tempat University of Kansas menyelesaikan peringkat kebangsaan untuk program senibina sarjana pada tahun 2012? || 11 <> Apa nama penerbitan yang tidak berpangkat sekolah yang terlibat dalam pendidikan seni bina dan reka bentuk? || <> Apakah nama penarafan bulanan yang diterbitkan oleh DesignIntelligence? || <> Apakah tajuk sekolah seni bina KU yang hilang pada tahun 2012? || <> Di mana tempat University of Kansas selesai dalam peringkat antarabangsa untuk program seni bina pengajian pada tahun 2012? || <> Di mana tempat University of Kansas menyelesaikan peringkat kebangsaan untuk program seni bina siswazah pada tahun 2012? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the publication that ranks schools engaged in architecture and design education?", "id": "56e78d6b00c9c71400d7729d", "answers": [{"text": "DesignIntelligence", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the yearly ratings published by DesignIntelligence?", "id": "56e78d6b00c9c71400d7729e", "answers": [{"text": "America's Best Architecture and Design Schools", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What title did KU's architecture school receive in 2012?", "id": "56e78d6b00c9c71400d7729f", "answers": [{"text": "best in the Midwest", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what place did the University of Kansas finish in national rankings for undergraduate architecture programs in 2012?", "id": "56e78d6b00c9c71400d772a0", "answers": [{"text": "11th", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "DesignIntelligence", "answer_start": 25}], "question": "What is the name of the publication that doesn't rank schools engaged in architecture and design education?", "id": "5acf4d3f77cf76001a684b64", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "America's Best Architecture and Design Schools", "answer_start": 71}], "question": "What is the name of the monthly ratings published by DesignIntelligence?", "id": "5acf4d3f77cf76001a684b65", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "best in the Midwest", "answer_start": 206}], "question": "What title did KU's architecture school lose in 2012?", "id": "5acf4d3f77cf76001a684b66", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "11th", "answer_start": 237}], "question": "In what place did the University of Kansas finish in international rankings for undergraduate architecture programs in 2012?", "id": "5acf4d3f77cf76001a684b67", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "11th", "answer_start": 237}], "question": "In what place did the University of Kansas finish in national rankings for graduate architecture programs in 2012?", "id": "5acf4d3f77cf76001a684b68", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to the journal DesignIntelligence, which annually publishes \"America's Best Architecture and Design Schools,\" the School of Architecture and Urban Design at the University of Kansas was named the best in the Midwest and ranked 11th among all undergraduate architecture programs in the U.S in 2012."}], ["Dinamakan sebagai salah satu sekolah perniagaan terbaik di Midwest oleh Princeton Review, Sekolah Perniagaan KU telah diakreditasi secara berterusan oleh Persatuan untuk Memperkenalkan Sekolah Perniagaan Kolej (AACSB) untuk kedua-dua program sarjana dan lepasan dalam perniagaan dan perakaunan. <> Siapa yang menganggap sekolah perniagaan di University of Kansas antara institusi perniagaan Midwestern terbaik? || Princeton Review <> Organisasi apa yang memberi pengawasan untuk sekolah perniagaan seperti KU? || Persatuan untuk Menghadapi Sekolah-sekolah Perniagaan Collegiate <> Dengan apa akronim adalah Persatuan untuk Menghadapi Sekolah-sekolah Perniagaan Collegiate yang diketahui? || AACSB <> Apakah dua jenis kursus pengajian yang terdapat di sekolah perniagaan KU? || perniagaan dan perakaunan <> Siapa yang menganggap sekolah perniagaan Universiti Kansas di antara institusi perniagaan Midwestern terburuk? || <> Siapa yang menganggap sekolah perniagaan di University of Kansas antara institusi perniagaan Southwestern terbaik? || <> Organisasi apa yang mengawasi sekolah undang-undang seperti KU? || <> Dengan apa akronim ialah Persatuan untuk Maju Sekolah Perniagaan tidak diketahui? || <> Apakah dua jenis kursus pengajian yang tidak tersedia di sekolah perniagaan KU? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who considered the business school of the University of Kansas among the best Midwestern business institutions?", "id": "56e78e9800c9c71400d772b7", "answers": [{"text": "Princeton Review", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization provides oversight for business schools like KU's?", "id": "56e78e9800c9c71400d772b8", "answers": [{"text": "the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what acronym is the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business known?", "id": "56e78e9800c9c71400d772b9", "answers": [{"text": "AACSB", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two kinds of courses of study available at KU's business school?", "id": "56e78e9800c9c71400d772ba", "answers": [{"text": "business and accounting", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Princeton Review", "answer_start": 57}], "question": "Who considered the business school of the University of Kansas among the worst Midwestern business institutions?", "id": "5acf4e3877cf76001a684b78", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Princeton Review", "answer_start": 57}], "question": "Who considered the business school of the University of Kansas among the best Southwestern business institutions?", "id": "5acf4e3877cf76001a684b79", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business", "answer_start": 140}], "question": "What organization provides oversight for law schools like KU's?", "id": "5acf4e3877cf76001a684b7a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "AACSB", "answer_start": 195}], "question": "By what acronym is the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business not known?", "id": "5acf4e3877cf76001a684b7b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "business and accounting", "answer_start": 254}], "question": "What are two kinds of courses of study unavailable at KU's business school?", "id": "5acf4e3877cf76001a684b7c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Named one of the best business schools in the Midwest by Princeton Review, the KU School of Business has been continually accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) for both its undergraduate and graduate programs in business and accounting."}], ["Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kansas mempunyai tiga buah sekolah: Sekolah Perubatan, Sekolah Kejururawatan, dan Sekolah Kesihatan Profesion. Selain itu, setiap tiga sekolah itu mempunyai program pengajian siswazah sendiri. Pada semester Kejatuhan 2013, terdapat 3,349 pelajar yang mendaftar di KU Med. Pusat Perubatan juga menawarkan pengajaran empat tahun di kampus Wichita, dan mempunyai kampus sekolah perubatan di Salina, Kansas yang ditujukan untuk penjagaan kesihatan luar bandar. <> Apakah tiga konstituen pusat perubatan di KU? || Sekolah Perubatan, Sekolah Kejururawatan, dan Sekolah Profesion Kesihatan <> Apakah setiap sekolah komponen Pusat Perubatan KU menawarkan? || program pengajian siswazah sendiri <> Berapa ramai pelajar yang menghadiri pusat perubatan di KU pada musim gugur tahun 2013? || 3,349 <> Pada apa kampus KU yang lain adalah program empat tahun yang tersedia? || Wichita <> Apakah tumpuan program perubatan lokasi Salina itu? || penjagaan kesihatan luar bandar <> Apakah ketiga-tiga juzuk pusat undang-undang di KU? || <> Apakah setiap sekolah komponen Pusat Perubatan KU tidak ditawarkan? || <> Berapa ramai pelajar yang menghadiri pusat undang-undang di KU pada musim gugur tahun 2013? || <> Pada apa kampus KU yang lain adalah program dua tahun yang tersedia? || <> Apakah tumpuan program undang-undang lokasi Salina? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the three constituents of the medical center at KU?", "id": "56e793cb37bdd419002c4189", "answers": [{"text": "the School of Medicine, School of Nursing, and School of Health Professions", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does each of the component schools of KU's Medical Center offer?", "id": "56e793cb37bdd419002c418a", "answers": [{"text": "its own programs of graduate study", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many students attended the medical center at KU in fall of 2013?", "id": "56e793cb37bdd419002c418b", "answers": [{"text": "3,349", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what other KU campus is a four year program available?", "id": "56e793cb37bdd419002c418c", "answers": [{"text": "Wichita", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the focus of the Salina location's medical program?", "id": "56e793cb37bdd419002c418d", "answers": [{"text": "rural health care", "answer_start": 446}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the School of Medicine, School of Nursing, and School of Health Professions", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "What are the three constituents of the law center at KU?", "id": "5acf5ed177cf76001a684c90", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "its own programs of graduate study", "answer_start": 184}], "question": "What does each of the component schools of KU's Medical Center not offer?", "id": "5acf5ed177cf76001a684c91", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "3,349", "answer_start": 261}], "question": "How many students attended the law center at KU in fall of 2013?", "id": "5acf5ed177cf76001a684c92", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wichita", "answer_start": 356}], "question": "At what other KU campus is a two year program available?", "id": "5acf5ed177cf76001a684c93", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "rural health care", "answer_start": 446}], "question": "What is the focus of the Salina location's law program?", "id": "5acf5ed177cf76001a684c94", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The University of Kansas Medical Center features three schools: the School of Medicine, School of Nursing, and School of Health Professions. Furthermore, each of the three schools has its own programs of graduate study. As of the Fall 2013 semester, there were 3,349 students enrolled at KU Med. The Medical Center also offers four year instruction at the Wichita campus, and features a medical school campus in Salina, Kansas that is devoted to rural health care."}], ["The School of Journalism dan Komunikasi Massa William Allen White diiktiraf atas keupayaannya untuk menyediakan pelajar untuk bekerja dalam pelbagai media apabila mereka menamatkan pengajian. Sekolah ini menawarkan dua bidang kajian: Berita dan Maklumat dan Komunikasi Strategik. Sekolah profesional ini mengajar pelajarnya melaporkan untuk mencetak, dalam talian dan siaran, kempen strategik untuk PR dan pengiklanan, photojournalism dan pelaporan video dan penyuntingan. Pelajar J-Sekolah mengekalkan pelbagai penerbitan di kampus, termasuk The University Daily Kansan, majalah Jayplay, KUJH TV dan radio KJHK. Pada tahun 2008, Panduan Fiske ke Kolej memuji KU J-School untuk kekuatannya. Pada tahun 2010, Sekolah Kewartawanan dan Komunikasi Massa berada di tempat kedua di pertandingan penulisan kebangsaan Yayasan Hearst yang berprestij. <> Apakah nama penuh sekolah kewartawanan KU? || Sekolah William Allen White of Journalism and Mass Communications <> Apakah dua program yang ditawarkan di KU's Schoold of Journalism? || Berita dan Maklumat dan Komunikasi Strategik <> Apa tiga jenis media yang diajar oleh pelajar di Sekolah Kewartawanan KU? || cetak, dalam talian dan siaran <> Apakah nama majalah yang diterbitkan di KU? || Majalah Jayplay <> Siapa yang menaja pertandingan untuk menulis jurnalistik? || Hearst Foundation <> Apakah nama sepasang sekolah kewartawanan KU? || <> Apakah dua program yang berbeza dibatalkan di KU's Schoold of Journalism? || <> Apa tiga jenis media yang diajar oleh pelajar untuk diabaikan di Sekolah Kewartawanan KU? || <> Apakah nama majalah yang tidak lagi diterbitkan di KU? || <> Siapa yang menaja pertandingan untuk menulis kreatif? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the full name of KU's journalism school?", "id": "56e7928637bdd419002c4175", "answers": [{"text": "The William Allen White School of Journalism and Mass Communications", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the two different programs offered at KU's Schoold of Journalism?", "id": "56e7928637bdd419002c4176", "answers": [{"text": "News and Information and Strategic Communication", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What three types of media are students taught to work with at KU's School of Journalism?", "id": "56e7928637bdd419002c4177", "answers": [{"text": "print, online and broadcast", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of a magazine published at KU?", "id": "56e7928637bdd419002c4178", "answers": [{"text": "Jayplay magazine", "answer_start": 546}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who sponsors a contest for journalistic writing?", "id": "56e7928637bdd419002c4179", "answers": [{"text": "Hearst Foundation", "answer_start": 760}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The William Allen White School of Journalism and Mass Communications", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is the partial name of KU's journalism school?", "id": "5acf5e5777cf76001a684c7c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "News and Information and Strategic Communication", "answer_start": 208}], "question": "What are the two different programs cancelled at KU's Schoold of Journalism?", "id": "5acf5e5777cf76001a684c7d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "print, online and broadcast", "answer_start": 318}], "question": "What three types of media are students taught to ignore at KU's School of Journalism?", "id": "5acf5e5777cf76001a684c7e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jayplay magazine", "answer_start": 546}], "question": "What is the name of a magazine no longer published at KU?", "id": "5acf5e5777cf76001a684c7f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hearst Foundation", "answer_start": 760}], "question": "Who sponsors a contest for creative writing?", "id": "5acf5e5777cf76001a684c80", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The William Allen White School of Journalism and Mass Communications is recognized for its ability to prepare students to work in a variety of media when they graduate. The school offers two tracts of study: News and Information and Strategic Communication. This professional school teaches its students reporting for print, online and broadcast, strategic campaigning for PR and advertising, photojournalism and video reporting and editing. The J-School's students maintain various publications on campus, including The University Daily Kansan, Jayplay magazine, KUJH TV and KJHK radio. In 2008, the Fiske Guide to Colleges praised the KU J-School for its strength. In 2010, the School of Journalism and Mass Communications finished second at the prestigious Hearst Foundation national writing competition."}], ["Jabatan pengkomputeran akademik KU adalah peserta aktif dalam menubuhkan Internet dan merupakan pemaju pelayar web berasaskan teks Lynx awal. Lynx sendiri menyediakan pelayaran hiperteks dan navigasi sebelum penemuan Tim Berners Lee HTTP dan HTML. <> Apakah pembahagian Universiti Kansas menyumbang kepada pembangunan internet? || pengkomputeran akademik <> Apa jenis perisian yang ada di Lynx? || pelayar web berasaskan teks <> Apa yang telah dilakukan oleh Lynx? || penyemakan hiperteks dan navigasi <> Pembahagian Universiti Kansas menghalang perkembangan internet? || <> Apakah bahagian Universiti Kansas menyumbang kepada pembangunan google? || <> Jenis perisian apa yang Linux? || <> Apa jenis perkakasan yang Lynx? || <> Apa yang mustahil dibuat oleh Lynx? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What division of the University of Kansas contributed to the development of the internet?", "id": "56e7966637bdd419002c41b5", "answers": [{"text": "academic computing", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of software is Lynx?", "id": "56e7966637bdd419002c41b7", "answers": [{"text": "text based web browser", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was made possible by Lynx?", "id": "56e7966637bdd419002c41b9", "answers": [{"text": "hypertext browsing and navigation", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "academic computing", "answer_start": 5}], "question": "What division of the University of Kansas hindered the development of the internet?", "id": "5acf60c477cf76001a684cd6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "academic computing", "answer_start": 5}], "question": "What division of the University of Kansas contributed to the development of google?", "id": "5acf60c477cf76001a684cd7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "text based web browser", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "What kind of software is Linux?", "id": "5acf60c477cf76001a684cd8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "text based web browser", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "What kind of hardware is Lynx?", "id": "5acf60c477cf76001a684cd9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hypertext browsing and navigation", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "What was made impossible by Lynx?", "id": "5acf60c477cf76001a684cda", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "KU's academic computing department was an active participant in setting up the Internet and is the developer of the early Lynx text based web browser. Lynx itself provided hypertext browsing and navigation prior to Tim Berners Lee's invention of HTTP and HTML."}], ["Tuisyen di KU adalah 13 peratus di bawah purata kebangsaan, menurut Lembaga Kolej, dan Universiti tetap membeli terbaik di rantau ini. [Rujukan?] Siapa yang menyediakan statistik mengenai kos pendidikan? || Lembaga Kolej <> Apakah frasa yang menyatakan nilai pendidikan yang ditawarkan di KU berkenaan dengan kosnya? || membeli terbaik <> Siapa yang menyediakan statistik mengenai gred pendidikan? || <> Siapa yang tidak menyediakan statistik mengenai kos pendidikan? || <> Siapa yang menyediakan wang untuk kos pendidikan? || <> Apakah frasa yang menyatakan nilai pendidikan yang ditawarkan di KU berkenaan grednya? || <> Apakah frasa yang tidak menyatakan nilai pendidikan yang ditawarkan di KU berkenaan dengan kosnya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who provides statistics on educational costs?", "id": "56e794a937bdd419002c419e", "answers": [{"text": "the College Board", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a phrase that expresses the value of the education offered at KU with respect to its cost?", "id": "56e794a937bdd419002c419f", "answers": [{"text": "best buy", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the College Board", "answer_start": 69}], "question": "Who provides statistics on educational grades?", "id": "5acf5f8077cf76001a684cae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the College Board", "answer_start": 69}], "question": "Who provides no statistics on educational costs?", "id": "5acf5f8077cf76001a684caf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the College Board", "answer_start": 69}], "question": "Who provides money for educational costs?", "id": "5acf5f8077cf76001a684cb0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "best buy", "answer_start": 117}], "question": "What is a phrase that expresses the value of the education offered at KU with respect to its grades?", "id": "5acf5f8077cf76001a684cb1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "best buy", "answer_start": 117}], "question": "What is a phrase that doesn't expresses the value of the education offered at KU with respect to its cost?", "id": "5acf5f8077cf76001a684cb2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Tuition at KU is 13 percent below the national average, according to the College Board, and the University remains a best buy in the region.[citation needed]"}], ["Terkenal di kalangan beberapa lagu yang sering dimainkan dan dinyanyikan pada pelbagai acara seperti permulaan dan konvokesyen, dan permainan sukan adalah: \"Saya Jayhawk\", \"Fighting Jayhawk\", \"Song Kansas\", \"Sunflower Song\", \"Crimson and Blue \",\" Red and Blue \",\" Chalk Rock, Jayhawk \"chant,\" Home on the Range \"dan\" Stand Up and Cheer. \"<> Apakah dua acara bukan sukan di mana lagu sekolah sering didengar ? || Permulaan dan konvokesyen <> Apa dua lagu yang merujuk warna pasukan sekolah dalam tajuk mereka? || \"Crimson dan Biru\", \"Merah dan Biru\" <> Apakah nama lagu yang merujuk negara bahawa KU berfungsi? || \"Lagu Kansas\" <> Apa nama lagu Amerika tradisional yang dikaitkan dengan KU? || \"Home on the Range\" <> Apakah tiga acara bukan sukan di mana lagu-lagu sekolah sering didengar ? || <> Apa tiga lagu yang merujuk warna pasukan sekolah dalam gelaran mereka? || <> Apa nama lagu Kanada tradisional yang dikaitkan dengan KU? || <> Apa adalah nama lagu yang merujuk negara bahawa KU berfungsi? || <> Apakah nama lagu Amerika yang tidak dikaitkan dengan KU? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are two events non-sports at which school songs are often heard?", "id": "56e79d9037bdd419002c423f", "answers": [{"text": "commencement and convocation", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two songs that reference the school's team colors in their titles?", "id": "56e79d9037bdd419002c4241", "answers": [{"text": "\"Crimson and the Blue\", \"Red and Blue\"", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of a song that references the state that KU serves?", "id": "56e79d9037bdd419002c4242", "answers": [{"text": "\"Kansas Song\"", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of a traditional American song that is associated with KU?", "id": "56e79d9037bdd419002c4243", "answers": [{"text": "\"Home on the Range\"", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "commencement and convocation", "answer_start": 83}], "question": "What are three events non-sports at which school songs are often heard?", "id": "5acf637c77cf76001a684d1c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"Crimson and the Blue\", \"Red and Blue\", the \"Rock Chalk, Jayhawk\"", "answer_start": 207}], "question": "What are three songs that reference the school's team colors in their titles?", "id": "5acf637c77cf76001a684d1d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"Home on the Range\"", "answer_start": 281}], "question": "What is the name of a traditional Canadian song that is associated with KU?", "id": "5acf637c77cf76001a684d1e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kansas Song", "answer_start": 175}], "question": "What is the name of a song that references the country that KU serves?", "id": "5acf637c77cf76001a684d1f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"Home on the Range\"", "answer_start": 281}], "question": "What is the name of a traditional American song that is not associated with KU?", "id": "5acf637c77cf76001a684d20", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Notable among a number of songs commonly played and sung at various events such as commencement and convocation, and athletic games are: \"I\u2019m a Jayhawk\", \"Fighting Jayhawk\", \"Kansas Song\", \"Sunflower Song\", \"Crimson and the Blue\", \"Red and Blue\", the \"Rock Chalk, Jayhawk\" chant\", \"Home on the Range\" and \"Stand Up and Cheer.\""}], ["University of Kansas mempunyai lebih banyak pasukan (70) bersaing dalam Kejohanan Debat Kebangsaan daripada mana-mana universiti lain. Kansas telah memenangi kejohanan 5 kali (1954, 1970, 1976, 1983, dan 2009) dan mempunyai 12 pasukan berjaya ke empat perlawanan akhir. Kansas hanya menyusuri Northwestern (13), Dartmouth (6), dan Harvard (6) untuk kebanyakan pertandingan yang dimenangi. Kansas juga memenangi Anugerah Copeland 1981-82. <> Berapa kali pasukan KU muncul dalam Kejohanan Debat Kebangsaan? || 70 <> Berapa kali KU memenangi kejohanan debat kebangsaan? || 5 <> Berapa kali KU menjadi salah satu daripada empat pasukan terakhir yang bersaing di Kejohanan Debat Kebangsaan? || 12 <> Apa sekolah telah memenangi kejohanan perdebatan yang paling nasional? || Northwestern <> Apa nama kehormatan yang diberikan kepada pasukan debat kolej? || Copeland Award <> Berapa kali KU kehilangan kejuaraan debat kebangsaan? || <> Berapa kali pasukan UK muncul dalam Kejohanan Debat Kebangsaan? || <> Berapa kali KU telah menjadi salah satu daripada lima pasukan terakhir yang bersaing di Kejohanan Debat Kebangsaan? || <> Sekolah apa yang telah memenangi kejohanan perdebatan nasional yang paling sedikit? || <> Apakah nama kehormatan yang diberikan kepada pasukan perdebatan sekolah tinggi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many times have KU teams appeared in the National Debate Tournament?", "id": "56e79cf000c9c71400d773b5", "answers": [{"text": "70", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times has KU won the national debate championship?", "id": "56e79cf000c9c71400d773b6", "answers": [{"text": "5", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times has KU been one of the last four teams competing at the National Debate Championships?", "id": "56e79cf000c9c71400d773b7", "answers": [{"text": "12", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What school has won the most national debate championships?", "id": "56e79cf000c9c71400d773b8", "answers": [{"text": "Northwestern", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of an honor given to collegiate debate teams?", "id": "56e79cf000c9c71400d773b9", "answers": [{"text": "Copeland Award", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "5", "answer_start": 148}], "question": "How many times has KU lost the national debate championship?", "id": "5acf62eb77cf76001a684d12", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "70", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "How many times have UK teams appeared in the National Debate Tournament?", "id": "5acf62eb77cf76001a684d13", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "12", "answer_start": 199}], "question": "How many times has KU been one of the last five teams competing at the National Debate Championships?", "id": "5acf62eb77cf76001a684d14", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Northwestern", "answer_start": 254}], "question": "What school has won the least national debate championships?", "id": "5acf62eb77cf76001a684d15", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Copeland Award", "answer_start": 358}], "question": "What is the name of an honor given to high school debate teams?", "id": "5acf62eb77cf76001a684d16", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The University of Kansas has had more teams (70) compete in the National Debate Tournament than any other university. Kansas has won the tournament 5 times (1954, 1970, 1976, 1983, and 2009) and had 12 teams make it to the final four. Kansas trails only Northwestern (13), Dartmouth (6), and Harvard (6) for most tournaments won. Kansas also won the 1981\u201382 Copeland Award."}], ["Sheahon Zenger diperkenalkan sebagai pengarah atletik baru KU pada bulan Januari 2011. Di bawah bekas pengarah sukan Lew Perkins, bajet jabatan meningkat daripada $ 27.2 juta pada tahun 2003 (ke-10 dalam persidangan) hingga saat ini lebih daripada $ 50 juta terima kasih sebahagian besarnya kepada wang yang dibangkitkan dari yang baru dasar tempat duduk utama di Allen Fieldhouse, kontrak baru $ 26.67 juta selama lapan tahun dengan Adidas menggantikan kontrak sedia ada dengan Nike, dan kontrak baru $ 40.2 juta tujuh tahun dengan ESPN Regional Television. Dana tambahan membawa peningkatan kepada universiti, termasuk: <> Siapa yang menjaga semua pasukan sukan di KU? || Sheahon Zenger <> Siapa yang Zenger menggantikan sebagai pengarah atlet di KU? || Lew Perkins <> Dengan syarikat penyiaran apakah KU mempunyai kontrak? || ESPN Regional Television <> Apa syarikat sukan mempunyai perjanjian dengan University of Kansas? || Adidas <> Apa syarikat sukan dahulu yang mengadakan kontrak dengan University of Kansas? || Nike <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab terhadap tiada pasukan sukan di KU? || <> Siapa yang Zenger boleh diganti sebagai pengarah atlet di KU? || <> Dengan syarikat penyiaran apakah KU tidak mempunyai kontrak? || <> Apa syarikat sukan tidak pernah mengadakan kontrak dengan University of Kansas? || <> Apa syarikat sukan tidak berurusan dengan Universiti Kansas? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is in charge of all sports teams at KU?", "id": "56e79c8637bdd419002c4221", "answers": [{"text": "Sheahon Zenger", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Zenger replace as athletic director at KU?", "id": "56e79c8637bdd419002c4222", "answers": [{"text": "Lew Perkins", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With what broadcasting company does KU have a contract?", "id": "56e79c8637bdd419002c4223", "answers": [{"text": "ESPN Regional Television", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sportswear company has a deal with the University of Kansas?", "id": "56e79c8637bdd419002c4224", "answers": [{"text": "Adidas", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sportswear company formerly held a contract with the University of Kansas?", "id": "56e79c8637bdd419002c4225", "answers": [{"text": "Nike", "answer_start": 419}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sheahon Zenger", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who is in charge of no sports teams at KU?", "id": "5acf629377cf76001a684d08", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lew Perkins", "answer_start": 108}], "question": "Who did Zenger get replaced by as athletic director at KU?", "id": "5acf629377cf76001a684d09", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ESPN Regional Television", "answer_start": 474}], "question": "With what broadcasting company does KU not have a contract?", "id": "5acf629377cf76001a684d0a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nike", "answer_start": 419}], "question": "What sportswear company never held a contract with the University of Kansas?", "id": "5acf629377cf76001a684d0b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Adidas", "answer_start": 376}], "question": "What sportswear company has no deal with the University of Kansas?", "id": "5acf629377cf76001a684d0c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Sheahon Zenger was introduced as KU's new athletic director in January 2011. Under former athletic director Lew Perkins, the department's budget increased from $27.2 million in 2003 (10th in the conference) to currently over $50 million thanks in large part to money raised from a new priority seating policy at Allen Fieldhouse, a new $26.67 million eight-year contract with Adidas replacing an existing contract with Nike, and a new $40.2 million seven-year contract with ESPN Regional Television. The additional funds brought improvements to the university, including:"}], ["Sekolah Perniagaan KU melancarkan kajian saintifik sains pengurusan disiplin ilmu dalam penyelidikan operasi semasa Semester Kejatuhan 1965. Program ini menyediakan asas untuk aplikasi sains keputusan yang menyokong Operasi Pemulihan Kapsul Projek Apollo NASA. <> Apa yang dilancarkan pada tahun 1965 oleh sekolah perniagaan di KU? || kajian penyelidikan sains interdisipliner dalam penyelidikan operasi <> Apakah jenis aplikasi yang membantu program interdisipliner membentuk? || sains keputusan <> Agensi kerajaan mana yang menggunakan aplikasi yang dimaklumkan oleh program pengurusan disiplin KU? || NASA <> Apa program NASA mendapat manfaat daripada penggunaan aplikasi sains keputusan? || Operasi Pemulihan Kapsul Projek NASA Apollo Command <> Pada tahun apakah program pengurusan disiplin baru yang dilancarkan di Sekolah Perniagaan KU? || 1965 <> Apa yang dilancarkan pada tahun 1956 oleh sekolah perniagaan di KU? || <> Apakah jenis permohonan yang dibatalkan oleh program interdisipliner? || <> Agensi kerajaan mana yang menggunakan aplikasi yang dimaklumkan oleh program pengurusan disiplin UK? || <> Apa program NASA telah dirugikan daripada penggunaan aplikasi sains keputusan? || <> Pada tahun apakah program pengurusan disiplin baru dibatalkan di Sekolah Perniagaan KU? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was launched in 1965 by the business school at KU?", "id": "56e7960900c9c71400d7730b", "answers": [{"text": "interdisciplinary management science graduate studies in operations research", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of applications did the interdisciplinary program help shape?", "id": "56e7960900c9c71400d7730c", "answers": [{"text": "decision science", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which government agency used the applications that were informed by KU's interdisciplinary management program?", "id": "56e7960900c9c71400d7730d", "answers": [{"text": "NASA", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What NASA program benefited from the use of decision science applications?", "id": "56e7960900c9c71400d7730e", "answers": [{"text": "NASA Project Apollo Command Capsule Recovery Operations", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was a new interdisciplinary management program launched at KU's School of Business?", "id": "56e7960900c9c71400d7730f", "answers": [{"text": "1965", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "interdisciplinary management science graduate studies in operations research", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "What was launched in 1956 by the business school at KU?", "id": "5acf605477cf76001a684ccc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "decision science", "answer_start": 177}], "question": "What kind of applications did the interdisciplinary program help cancel?", "id": "5acf605477cf76001a684ccd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "NASA", "answer_start": 218}], "question": "Which government agency used the applications that were informed by UK's interdisciplinary management program?", "id": "5acf605477cf76001a684cce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "NASA Project Apollo Command Capsule Recovery Operations", "answer_start": 218}], "question": "What NASA program was harmed from the use of decision science applications?", "id": "5acf605477cf76001a684ccf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1965", "answer_start": 131}], "question": "In what year was a new interdisciplinary management program cancelled at KU's School of Business?", "id": "5acf605477cf76001a684cd0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "KU's School of Business launched interdisciplinary management science graduate studies in operations research during Fall Semester 1965. The program provided the foundation for decision science applications supporting NASA Project Apollo Command Capsule Recovery Operations."}], ["Bola sepak KU bermula dari 1890, dan telah bermain di Orange Bowl tiga kali: 1948, 1968, dan 2008. Mereka kini dilatih oleh David Beaty, yang disewa pada tahun 2014. Pada tahun 2008, di bawah pimpinan Mark Mangino, # 7 Jayhawks muncul juara pertama dalam permainan mangkuk BCS, FedEx Orange Bowl, dengan kemenangan 24-21 ke atas # 3 Virginia Tech Hokies. Kemenangan batu kapur ini menandakan berakhirnya musim yang paling berjaya dalam sejarah sekolah, di mana Jayhawks pergi 12-1 (.923). Pasukan itu memainkan Stadium Memorial, yang baru-baru ini menjalani pengubahsuaian $ 31 juta untuk menambah Kompleks Bola Sepak Keluarga Anderson, sambil menambahkan kemudahan amalan bola sepak bersebelahan dengan stadium lengkap dengan medan amali separa dalaman, bilik berat dan bilik loker yang baru. <> Bilakah KU mula meletakkan pasukan bola sepak? || 1890 <> Berapa kali pasukan dari University of Kansas muncul di Orange Bowl? || tiga <> Siapa kepala program bola sepak KU semasa? || David Beaty <> Siapa yang kalah KU dalam Orange Bowl 2008? || Virginia Tech Hokies <> Apakah nama kemudahan yang dimainkan oleh pasukan bola sepak KU? || Stadium Memorial <> Bilakah KU berhenti meletakkan pasukan bola sepak? || <> Berapa kali pasukan dari University of Kansas muncul di Rose Bowl? || <> Siapa bekas jurulatih program bola sepak KU? || <> Siapa yang kehilangan KU dalam Bowl Orange 2008? || <> Apakah nama fakulti yang dimainkan oleh pasukan bola sepak KU? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did KU start fielding a football team?", "id": "56e799f200c9c71400d77365", "answers": [{"text": "1890", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times has the team from the University of Kansas appeared in the Orange Bowl?", "id": "56e799f200c9c71400d77366", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the current head of KU's football program?", "id": "56e799f200c9c71400d77367", "answers": [{"text": "David Beaty", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did KU defeat in the 2008 Orange Bowl?", "id": "56e799f200c9c71400d77368", "answers": [{"text": "Virginia Tech Hokies", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the facility that the KU football team plays in?", "id": "56e799f200c9c71400d77369", "answers": [{"text": "Memorial Stadium", "answer_start": 498}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1890", "answer_start": 23}], "question": "When did KU stop fielding a football team?", "id": "5acf619577cf76001a684cf4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 63}], "question": "How many times has the team from the University of Kansas appeared in the Rose Bowl?", "id": "5acf619577cf76001a684cf5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "David Beaty", "answer_start": 128}], "question": "Who is the former coach of KU's football program?", "id": "5acf619577cf76001a684cf6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Virginia Tech Hokies", "answer_start": 332}], "question": "Who did KU lose to in the 2008 Orange Bowl?", "id": "5acf619577cf76001a684cf7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Memorial Stadium", "answer_start": 498}], "question": "What is the name of the faculty that the KU football team plays in?", "id": "5acf619577cf76001a684cf8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "KU football dates from 1890, and has played in the Orange Bowl three times: 1948, 1968, and 2008. They are currently coached by David Beaty, who was hired in 2014. In 2008, under the leadership of Mark Mangino, the #7 Jayhawks emerged victorious in their first BCS bowl game, the FedEx Orange Bowl, with a 24\u201321 victory over the #3 Virginia Tech Hokies. This capstone victory marked the end of the most successful season in school history, in which the Jayhawks went 12\u20131 (.923). The team plays at Memorial Stadium, which recently underwent a $31 million renovation to add the Anderson Family Football Complex, adding a football practice facility adjacent to the stadium complete with indoor partial practice field, weight room, and new locker room."}], ["Pasukan sukan sekolah, memakai selimut dan biru diraja, dipanggil Kansas Jayhawks. Mereka menyertai Bahagian NCAA I dan dalam Persidangan 12 Besar. KU telah memenangi tiga belas Kejohanan Kebangsaan: lima dalam bola keranjang lelaki (dua kejohanan Yayasan Helms dan tiga kejohanan NCAA), tiga dalam trek dan lapangan dalaman lelaki, tiga dalam litar dan padang luaran lelaki, satu di negara bersilang lelaki dan satu di litar luar wanita dan bidang. Kursus rumah untuk KU Cross Country ialah Ladang Rim Rock. Kejohanan terbaru mereka pada 8 Jun 2013 apabila pasukan trek dan pasukan wanita KU memenangi NCAA di Eugene, Oregon menjadi pasukan wanita University of Kansas yang pertama memenangi gelaran kebangsaan. <> Warna apa yang dipakai oleh pasukan atletik KU? || merah dan biru diraja <> Apa nama pasukan atletik KU? || Kansas Jayhawks <> Berapa kali pasukan bola keranjang lelaki dari Kansas memenangi gelaran kebangsaan? || lima <> Berapa banyak natioanl trek luaran wanita dan lapangan telah dimenangi oleh University of Kansas? || satu <> Di mana pasukan lintas negara KU berjalan? || Rim Rock Farm <> Warna apa yang dipakai oleh pasukan non-athletik KU? || <> Apa yang bukan nama pasukan athletik KU? || <> Berapa kali pasukan besbol lelaki dari Kansas memenangi gelaran kebangsaan? || <> Berapa banyak kejohanan luar dan lapangan luar wanita yang telah dimenangi oleh Universiti Kansas? || <> Di manakah pasukan cross country KU berenang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What colors are worn by KU's athletic teams?", "id": "56e7990237bdd419002c41e7", "answers": [{"text": "crimson and royal blue", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of KU athletic teams?", "id": "56e7990237bdd419002c41e8", "answers": [{"text": "Kansas Jayhawks", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times has the male basketball team from Kansas won a national title?", "id": "56e7990237bdd419002c41e9", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many natioanl female outdoor track and field championships have been won by the University of Kansas?", "id": "56e7990237bdd419002c41ea", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does KU's cross country team run?", "id": "56e7990237bdd419002c41eb", "answers": [{"text": "Rim Rock Farm", "answer_start": 489}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "crimson and royal blue", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "What colors are worn by KU's non-athletic teams?", "id": "5acf612677cf76001a684ce0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kansas Jayhawks", "answer_start": 74}], "question": "What isn't the name of KU athletic teams?", "id": "5acf612677cf76001a684ce1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 207}], "question": "How many times has the male baseball team from Kansas won a national title?", "id": "5acf612677cf76001a684ce2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 409}], "question": "How many international female outdoor track and field championships have been won by the University of Kansas?", "id": "5acf612677cf76001a684ce3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Rim Rock Farm", "answer_start": 489}], "question": "Where does KU's cross country team swim?", "id": "5acf612677cf76001a684ce4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The school's sports teams, wearing crimson and royal blue, are called the Kansas Jayhawks. They participate in the NCAA's Division I and in the Big 12 Conference. KU has won thirteen National Championships: five in men's basketball (two Helms Foundation championships and three NCAA championships), three in men's indoor track and field, three in men's outdoor track and field, one in men's cross country and one in women's outdoor track and field. The home course for KU Cross Country is Rim Rock Farm. Their most recent championship came on June 8, 2013 when the KU women's track and field team won the NCAA outdoor in Eugene, Oregon becoming the first University of Kansas women's team to win a national title."}], ["Bermula pada tahun akademik 2007-2008, pelajar pertama kali di KU membayar kadar tuisyen tetap selama 48 bulan mengikut Compact Tuisyen Empat Tahun yang disahkan oleh Lembaga Pendaftar Kansas. Untuk tahun akademik 2014-15, tuisyen adalah $ 318 setiap jam kredit untuk pelajar baru dalam negeri dan $ 828 untuk mahasiswa baru luar negeri. Bagi pelajar pemindahan, yang tidak mengambil bahagian dalam tuisyen, tuisyen 2014-15 setiap jam kredit adalah $ 295 untuk mahasiswa dalam negeri dan $ 785 untuk mahasiswa luar negeri; tertakluk kepada kenaikan tahunan. Pelajar yang mendaftar dalam 6 atau lebih jam kredit juga membayar yuran kampus tahunan yang diperlukan sebanyak $ 888. Sekolah seni bina, muzik, seni, perniagaan, pendidikan, kejuruteraan, kewartawanan, undang-undang, farmasi, dan kebajikan sosial mengenakan yuran tambahan. <> Apa yang pertama dimulakan untuk pelajar tahun pertama dalam tahun pelajaran 2007-2008? || kadar tuisyen tetap <> Berapa lamakah kadar tuisyen tetap yang terakhir? || 48 bulan <> Apakah fatwa yang diluluskan oleh Lembaga Bupati yang disediakan untuk program tuisyen tetap? || Empat Tuisyen Separuh Compact <> Berapa banyak pelajar dari luar Kansas perlu membayar kredit setiap kursus pada 2014-15? || $ 828 <> Apa yang dikenakan di sekolah profesional khusus KU? || bayaran tambahan <> Apa yang terakhir dimulakan untuk pelajar tahun pertama dalam tahun pelajaran 2007-2008? || <> Berapa lamakah kadar pembolehubah tuisyen terakhir? || <> Apakah fatwa yang ditolak oleh Lembaga Bupati yang disediakan untuk program tuisyen tetap? || <> Berapa banyak profesor dari luar Kansas perlu membayar setiap kursus kredit pada 2014-15? || <> Apa yang dikenakan di sekolah profesional tidak khusus KU? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was first instituted for first year students in the 2007-2008 school year?", "id": "56e7957600c9c71400d77301", "answers": [{"text": "fixed tuition rate", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For how long does the fixed rate of tuition last?", "id": "56e7957600c9c71400d77302", "answers": [{"text": "48 months", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the edict approved by the Board of Regents that provided for the fixed tuition program?", "id": "56e7957600c9c71400d77303", "answers": [{"text": "Four-Year Tuition Compact", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did a student from outside of Kansas have to pay per course credit in 2014-15?", "id": "56e7957600c9c71400d77304", "answers": [{"text": "$828", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is charged at KU's specialized professional schools?", "id": "56e7957600c9c71400d77305", "answers": [{"text": "additional fees", "answer_start": 733}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fixed tuition rate", "answer_start": 74}], "question": "What was last instituted for first year students in the 2007-2008 school year?", "id": "5acf5ffc77cf76001a684cb8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "48 months", "answer_start": 97}], "question": "For how long does the variable rate of tuition last?", "id": "5acf5ffc77cf76001a684cb9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Four-Year Tuition Compact", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "What was the edict rejected by the Board of Regents that provided for the fixed tuition program?", "id": "5acf5ffc77cf76001a684cba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "$828", "answer_start": 279}], "question": "How much did a professor from outside of Kansas have to pay per course credit in 2014-15?", "id": "5acf5ffc77cf76001a684cbb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "additional fees", "answer_start": 733}], "question": "What is charged at KU's unspecialized professional schools?", "id": "5acf5ffc77cf76001a684cbc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Beginning in the 2007\u20132008 academic year, first-time freshman at KU pay a fixed tuition rate for 48 months according to the Four-Year Tuition Compact passed by the Kansas Board of Regents. For the 2014\u201315 academic year, tuition was $318 per credit hour for in-state freshman and $828 for out-of-state freshmen. For transfer students, who do not take part in the compact, 2014\u201315 per-credit-hour tuition was $295 for in-state undergraduates and $785 for out-of-state undergraduates; subject to annual increases. Students enrolled in 6 or more credit hours also paid an annual required campus fee of $888. The schools of architecture, music, arts, business, education, engineering, journalism, law, pharmacy, and social welfare charge additional fees."}], ["Pasukan bola keranjang lelaki KU telah melancarkan pasukan setiap tahun sejak 1898. Jayhawks adalah seorang pencabar kebangsaan yang kini dilatih oleh Bill Self. Pasukan ini telah memenangi lima gelaran kebangsaan, termasuk tiga kejohanan kejohanan NCAA pada tahun 1952, 1988 dan 2008. Program bola keranjang kini merupakan program pemenang kedua dalam sejarah bola keranjang kolej dengan catatan keseluruhan 2,070-806 melalui musim 2011-12. Pasukan bermain di Allen Fieldhouse. Mungkin pemain terbaik yang diiktirafnya ialah Wilt Chamberlain, yang bermain pada tahun 1950-an. Kansas telah dikira di kalangan jurulatihnya, Dr. James Naismith (pencipta bola keranjang dan hanya jurulatih dalam sejarah Kansas untuk mempunyai rekod yang kalah), Bola Keranjang Hall of Fame inductee Phog Allen (\"Bapa pembinaan bola keranjang\"), Bola Keranjang Hall of Fame inductee Roy Williams dari University of North Carolina di Chapel Hill, dan induk bola keranjang Hall of Fame dan bekas jurulatih NBA Champion Detroit Pistons, Larry Brown. Di samping itu, jurulatih University of Kentucky yang terkenal dan pemain induk bola keranjang Hall of Fame Adolph Rupp dimainkan untuk pasukan Kejuaraan Kebangsaan 1922 dan 1923, dan NCAA Hall of Fame inductee dan Pelatih University of North Carolina Dean Smith bermain untuk pasukan Kejohanan NCAA 1952 KU. Kedua Rupp dan Smith bermain di bawah Phog Allen. Allen juga melatih jurulatih Hall of Fame Dutch Lonborg dan Ralph Miller. Allen mengasaskan Persatuan Kebangsaan Jurulatih Bola Keranjang (NABC), yang memulakan apa yang kini menjadi Kejohanan NCAA. Kejohanan ini bermula pada tahun 1939 di bawah NABC dan tahun depan diserahkan kepada NCAA yang baru terbentuk. <> Apa tahun pertama di mana pasukan lelaki bermain bola keranjang di University of Kansas? || 1898 <> Siapa kepala bola keranjang lelaki di KU? || Bill Self <> Berapa kali University of Kansas memenangi kejohanan kebangsaan dalam bola keranjang lelaki? || lima <> yang dianggap sebagai alumnus bola keranjang yang paling terkenal di KU? || Wilt Chamberlain <> Pada tahun apakah NABC mengadakan pertandingan bola keranjang pertamanya dan satu-satunya? || 1939 <> Apa tahun lepas di mana pasukan lelaki bermain bola keranjang di University of Kansas? || <> Siapa pelatih bola keranjang lelaki di KU? || <> Berapa kali University of Kansas memenangi kejohanan antarabangsa dalam bola keranjang lelaki? || <> Siapa yang dianggap sebagai alumnus bola keranjang yang paling terkenal di KU? || <> Pada tahun apakah NABC mengadakan pertandingan bola keranjang wanita pertama dan satu-satunya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the first year in which a men's team played basketball at the University of Kansas?", "id": "56e79bf200c9c71400d77397", "answers": [{"text": "1898", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the head of men's basketball at KU?", "id": "56e79bf200c9c71400d77398", "answers": [{"text": "Bill Self", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times has the University of Kansas won a national championship in men's basketball?", "id": "56e79bf200c9c71400d77399", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is considered the most famous basketball alumnus of KU?", "id": "56e79bf200c9c71400d7739a", "answers": [{"text": "Wilt Chamberlain", "answer_start": 496}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the NABC hold its first and only men's basketball tournament?", "id": "56e79bf200c9c71400d7739b", "answers": [{"text": "1939", "answer_start": 1508}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1898", "answer_start": 65}], "question": "What was the last year in which a men's team played basketball at the University of Kansas?", "id": "5acf620677cf76001a684cfe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bill Self", "answer_start": 140}], "question": "Who is the trainer of men's basketball at KU?", "id": "5acf620677cf76001a684cff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 168}], "question": "How many times has the University of Kansas won an international championship in men's basketball?", "id": "5acf620677cf76001a684d00", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wilt Chamberlain", "answer_start": 496}], "question": "Who is considered the least famous basketball alumnus of KU?", "id": "5acf620677cf76001a684d01", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1939", "answer_start": 1508}], "question": "In what year did the NABC hold its first and only women's basketball tournament?", "id": "5acf620677cf76001a684d02", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The KU men's basketball team has fielded a team every year since 1898. The Jayhawks are a perennial national contender currently coached by Bill Self. The team has won five national titles, including three NCAA tournament championships in 1952, 1988, and 2008. The basketball program is currently the second winningest program in college basketball history with an overall record of 2,070\u2013806 through the 2011\u201312 season. The team plays at Allen Fieldhouse. Perhaps its best recognized player was Wilt Chamberlain, who played in the 1950s. Kansas has counted among its coaches Dr. James Naismith (the inventor of basketball and only coach in Kansas history to have a losing record), Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Phog Allen (\"the Father of basketball coaching\"), Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Roy Williams of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Basketball Hall of Fame inductee and former NBA Champion Detroit Pistons coach Larry Brown. In addition, legendary University of Kentucky coach and Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Adolph Rupp played for KU's 1922 and 1923 Helms National Championship teams, and NCAA Hall of Fame inductee and University of North Carolina Coach Dean Smith played for KU's 1952 NCAA Championship team. Both Rupp and Smith played under Phog Allen. Allen also coached Hall of Fame coaches Dutch Lonborg and Ralph Miller. Allen founded the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC), which started what is now the NCAA Tournament. The Tournament began in 1939 under the NABC and the next year was handed off to the newly formed NCAA."}], ["University Daily Kansan beroperasi di luar universiti William Allen White School of Journalism dan mencapai penonton sekurang-kurangnya 30,000 pembaca harian melalui penerbitan cetakan dan dalam talian <> Dalam apa bentuk dua media adalah harian Kansan yang tersedia? || cetak dan dalam talian <> Institusi apa yang menempatkan Kansan harian? || William Allen White School of Journalism <> Berapa besar penonton harian Kansan? || sekurang-kurangnya 30,000 <> Dalam apa bentuk tiga bentuk media harian harian Kansan? || <> Dalam apa bentuk dua media adalah Kansan Mingguan yang tersedia? || <> Institusi apa yang tidak menempatkan harian Kansan? || <> Institusi apa yang menempatkan Kansan Bulanan? || <> Seberapa besar kakitangan Kansan harian? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what two forms of media is the Daily Kansan available?", "id": "56e79e9200c9c71400d773dd", "answers": [{"text": "print and online", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What institution houses the Daily Kansan?", "id": "56e79e9200c9c71400d773de", "answers": [{"text": "William Allen White School of Journalism", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How big is the Daily Kansan's audience?", "id": "56e79e9200c9c71400d773df", "answers": [{"text": "at least 30,000", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "print and online", "answer_start": 175}], "question": "In what three forms of media is the Daily Kansan available?", "id": "5acf642377cf76001a684d30", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "print and online", "answer_start": 175}], "question": "In what two forms of media is the Weekly Kansan available?", "id": "5acf642377cf76001a684d31", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "William Allen White School of Journalism", "answer_start": 65}], "question": "What institution doesn't house the Daily Kansan?", "id": "5acf642377cf76001a684d32", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "William Allen White School of Journalism", "answer_start": 65}], "question": "What institution houses the Monthly Kansan?", "id": "5acf642377cf76001a684d33", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "at least 30,000", "answer_start": 133}], "question": "How big is the Daily Kansan's staff?", "id": "5acf642377cf76001a684d34", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The University Daily Kansan operates outside of the university's William Allen White School of Journalism and reaches an audience of at least 30,000 daily readers through its print and online publications"}], ["KU Endowment ditubuhkan pada tahun 1891 sebagai asas pertama Amerika untuk universiti awam. Misinya adalah untuk bekerjasama dengan penderma dalam menyediakan sokongan dermawan untuk membina Universiti Kansas yang lebih besar. <> Apakah nama yayasan Universiti Kansas? || KU Endowment <> Bilakah KW Endowment ditubuhkan? || 1891 <> Kepada siapa yang dimaksud dengan Endowment KU untuk berhubung? || penderma <> Apa yang ditawarkan penderma ke Universiti Kansas? || sokongan dermawan <> Apa yang bukan nama yayasan Universiti Kansas? || <> Apa nama pengasas Universiti Kansas? || <> Bilakah Endowment KU ditutup? || <> Kepada siapakah Endapan KU tidak mahu bersambung? || <> Apa yang diambil oleh penderma dari Universiti Kansas? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the University of Kansas's foundation?", "id": "56e79feb00c9c71400d7740b", "answers": [{"text": "KU Endowment", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the KU Endowment founded?", "id": "56e79feb00c9c71400d7740c", "answers": [{"text": "1891", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To whom does the KU Endowment seek to connect with?", "id": "56e79feb00c9c71400d7740d", "answers": [{"text": "donors", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do donors offer to the University of Kansas?", "id": "56e79feb00c9c71400d7740e", "answers": [{"text": "philanthropic support", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "KU Endowment", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What isn't the name of the University of Kansas's foundation?", "id": "5acf657877cf76001a684d4e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "KU Endowment", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is the name of the University of Kansas's foundary?", "id": "5acf657877cf76001a684d4f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1891", "answer_start": 32}], "question": "When was the KU Endowment closed?", "id": "5acf657877cf76001a684d50", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "donors", "answer_start": 123}], "question": "To whom does the KU Endowment seek not to connect with?", "id": "5acf657877cf76001a684d51", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "philanthropic support", "answer_start": 143}], "question": "What do donors take from the University of Kansas?", "id": "5acf657877cf76001a684d52", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "KU Endowment was established in 1891 as America\u2019s first foundation for a public university. Its mission is to partner with donors in providing philanthropic support to build a greater University of Kansas."}], ["Universiti menempatkan stesen penyiaran awam berikut: KJHK, stesen radio kampus yang dikendalikan oleh pelajar, KUJH-LP, sebuah stesen bebas yang menyiarkan program urusan umum, dan KANU, stesen radio gabungan NPR. Stesen Radio Awam Kansas KANU merupakan salah satu stesen radio awam pertama di negara ini. KJHK, radio kampus mempunyai akar semula pada tahun 1952 dan sepenuhnya dikendalikan oleh pelajar. <> Apakah surat panggilan dari Affiliate National Public Radio yang disiarkan dari KU? || KANU <> Apakah nama stesen yang dikendalikan oleh pelajar KU? || KJHK <> KJHK pertama kali disiarkan? || 1952 <> Apakah nama siaran radio bebas daripada KU? || KUJH-LP <> Apakah jenis pengaturcaraan yang muncul di KUJH-LP? || urusan awam <> Apakah surat panggilan dari Affiliate National Public Radio yang disiarkan di luar KU? || <> Bilakah siaran terakhir KJHK? || <> Apakah nama siaran radio bergantung kepada KU? || <> Apakah jenis pengaturcaraan tidak muncul di KUJH-LP? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the call letters of the National Public Radio affiliate that broadcasts from KU?", "id": "56e79f1700c9c71400d773ed", "answers": [{"text": "KANU", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the station operated by KU students?", "id": "56e79f1700c9c71400d773ee", "answers": [{"text": "KJHK", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did KJHK first broadcast?", "id": "56e79f1700c9c71400d773ef", "answers": [{"text": "1952", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of an independent radio broadcast run out of KU?", "id": "56e79f1700c9c71400d773f0", "answers": [{"text": "KUJH-LP", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kinds of programming appear on KUJH-LP?", "id": "56e79f1700c9c71400d773f1", "answers": [{"text": "public affairs", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "KANU", "answer_start": 263}], "question": "What are the call letters of the National Public Radio affiliate that broadcasts outside of KU?", "id": "5acf647c77cf76001a684d3a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1952", "answer_start": 367}], "question": "When did KJHK last broadcast?", "id": "5acf647c77cf76001a684d3c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "KUJH-LP", "answer_start": 108}], "question": "What is the name of an dependent radio broadcast run out of KU?", "id": "5acf647c77cf76001a684d3d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "public affairs", "answer_start": 166}], "question": "What kinds of programming don't appear on KUJH-LP?", "id": "5acf647c77cf76001a684d3e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The university houses the following public broadcasting stations: KJHK, a student-run campus radio station, KUJH-LP, an independent station that primarily broadcasts public affairs programs, and KANU, the NPR-affiliated radio station. Kansas Public Radio station KANU was one of the first public radio stations in the nation. KJHK, the campus radio has roots back to 1952 and is completely run by students."}], ["Kotak Alat Komuniti adalah perkhidmatan awam Universiti dikekalkan oleh Kumpulan Kerja untuk Kesihatan dan Pembangunan Masyarakat. Ia merupakan sumber yang bebas, dalam talian yang mengandungi lebih daripada 7,000 halaman maklumat praktikal untuk menggalakkan kesihatan dan pembangunan komuniti, dan merupakan sumber global untuk kedua-dua profesional dan kumpulan akar umbi yang terlibat dalam kerja-kerja kesihatan masyarakat dan pembangunan. <> Apakah nama sumber awam yang terdapat di KU berkaitan dengan kesihatan komuniti? || Kotak Alat Komuniti <> Badan apa yang bertanggungjawab untuk menguruskan Kotak Alat Komuniti? || Kumpulan Kerja untuk Kesihatan dan Pembangunan Komuniti <> Apakah jenis kumpulan di seluruh dunia dapat mendapat manfaat daripada Kotak Alat Komuniti? || profesional dan kumpulan akar umbi yang terlibat dalam kerja-kerja kesihatan dan pembangunan masyarakat <> Berapa banyak kandungan yang ditawarkan oleh Kotak Alat Komuniti? || lebih daripada 7,000 halaman <> Di mana bolehkah Kotak Alat Komuniti dijumpai? || dalam talian <> Apakah nama sumber persendirian yang terdapat di KU berkaitan dengan kesihatan komuniti? || <> Badan apa yang tidak bertanggungjawab untuk menguruskan Kotak Alat Komuniti? || <> Apakah jenis kumpulan di seluruh dunia yang dicederakan dari Kotak Alat Komuniti? || <> Berapa banyak kandungan yang tidak ditawarkan oleh Kotak Alat Komuniti? || <> Di manakah Kotak Alat Komuniti tidak dapat dijumpai? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of a publicly-available resource of KU related to community health?", "id": "56e7a09b00c9c71400d7741d", "answers": [{"text": "The Community Tool Box", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body is responsible for managing the Community Tool Box?", "id": "56e7a09b00c9c71400d7741e", "answers": [{"text": "the Work Group for Community Health and Development", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kinds of groups around the world can benefit from the Community Tool Box?", "id": "56e7a09b00c9c71400d7741f", "answers": [{"text": "professionals and grassroots groups engaged in the work of community health and development", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much content does the Community Tool Box offer?", "id": "56e7a09b00c9c71400d77420", "answers": [{"text": "more than 7,000 pages", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where can the Community Tool Box be found?", "id": "56e7a09b00c9c71400d77421", "answers": [{"text": "online", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Community Tool Box", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What is the name of a privately-available resource of KU related to community health?", "id": "5acf65cf77cf76001a684d62", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Work Group for Community Health and Development", "answer_start": 79}], "question": "What body is irresponsible for managing the Community Tool Box?", "id": "5acf65cf77cf76001a684d63", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "professionals and grassroots groups engaged in the work of community health and development", "answer_start": 301}], "question": "What kinds of groups around the world are harmed from the Community Tool Box?", "id": "5acf65cf77cf76001a684d64", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "more than 7,000 pages", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "How much content doesn't the Community Tool Box offer?", "id": "5acf65cf77cf76001a684d65", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "online", "answer_start": 142}], "question": "Where can the Community Tool Box not be found?", "id": "5acf65cf77cf76001a684d66", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Community Tool Box is a public service of the University maintained by the Work Group for Community Health and Development. It is a free, online resource that contains more than 7,000 pages of practical information for promoting community health and development, and is a global resource for both professionals and grassroots groups engaged in the work of community health and development."}], ["Akhbar sekolah University of Kansas adalah University Daily Kansan, yang diletakkan di dalam Pertandingan Penulisan Intercollegiate pertandingan Yayasan Penulisan William Randolph Hearst yang berprestij, sering disebut \"The Pulitzers of Journalism College\" pada tahun 2007. Pada Musim Dingin 2008, sekelompok pelajar mencipta KUpedia, sebuah wiki tentang semua perkara KU. Mereka telah menerima pembiayaan pelajar untuk operasi pada 2008-09. Jabatan Bahasa Inggeris KU menerbitkan Kajian Batubara Bandar, jurnal sastera tahunan, puisi, ulasan dan ilustrasi. Tinjauan ini biasanya menampilkan karya penulis banyak, tetapi secara berkala menyoroti satu penulis, seperti dalam hal 2006 Nelson Poetry Book-pemenang Voyeur Poems oleh Matthew Porubsky. <> Apakah nama akhbar yang dicetak setiap hari oleh University of Kansas? || University Daily Kansan <> Apakah peraduan profil tinggi yang pernah dimenangi oleh harian Kansan? || Pertandingan Menulis Intercollegiate <> Dalam tahun apakah harian Kansan memenangi Pertandingan Penulisan Intercollegiate? || 2007 <> Apa nama sumber dalam talian yang diwujudkan untuk menyediakan sumber mengenai KU? || KUpedia <> Apakah nama penyair yang memenangi anugerah Nelson pada tahun 2006? || Matthew Porubsky <> Apa nama akhbar yang dicetak setiap minggu oleh University of Kansas? || <> Apakah pertandingan profil rendah yang pernah dimenangi oleh harian Kansan? || <> Dalam tahun berapakah Kansan Harian kehilangan Pertandingan Penulisan Intercollegiate? || <> Apakah nama sumber luar talian yang diwujudkan untuk menyediakan sumber mengenai KU? || <> Apakah nama penyair yang memenangi anugerah Nelson pada tahun 2005? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the newspaper printed every day by the University of Kansas?", "id": "56e79e2737bdd419002c4253", "answers": [{"text": "University Daily Kansan", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What high profile contest has the Daily Kansan won?", "id": "56e79e2737bdd419002c4254", "answers": [{"text": "Intercollegiate Writing Competition", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Daily Kansan win the Intercollegiate Writing Competition?", "id": "56e79e2737bdd419002c4255", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of an online resource that was created into provide a resource about KU?", "id": "56e79e2737bdd419002c4256", "answers": [{"text": "KUpedia", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the poet who won the Nelson award in 2006?", "id": "56e79e2737bdd419002c4257", "answers": [{"text": "Matthew Porubsky", "answer_start": 717}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "University Daily Kansan", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "What is the name of the newspaper printed every week by the University of Kansas?", "id": "5acf63c777cf76001a684d26", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Intercollegiate Writing Competition", "answer_start": 103}], "question": "What low profile contest has the Daily Kansan won?", "id": "5acf63c777cf76001a684d27", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 268}], "question": "In what year did the Daily Kansan lose the Intercollegiate Writing Competition?", "id": "5acf63c777cf76001a684d28", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "KUpedia", "answer_start": 318}], "question": "What is the name of an offline resource that was created into provide a resource about KU?", "id": "5acf63c777cf76001a684d29", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Matthew Porubsky", "answer_start": 717}], "question": "What is the name of the poet who won the Nelson award in 2005?", "id": "5acf63c777cf76001a684d2a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The school newspaper of the University of Kansas is University Daily Kansan, which placed first in the Intercollegiate Writing Competition of the prestigious William Randolph Hearst Writing Foundation competition, often called \"The Pulitzers of College Journalism\" in 2007. In Winter 2008, a group of students created KUpedia, a wiki about all things KU. They have received student funding for operations in 2008\u201309. The KU Department of English publishes the Coal City Review, an annual literary journal of prose, poetry, reviews and illustrations. The Review typically features the work of many writers, but periodically spotlights one author, as in the case of 2006 Nelson Poetry Book Award-winner Voyeur Poems by Matthew Porubsky."}], ["Kesatuan pertama dibina di kampus pada tahun 1926 sebagai pusat komuniti kampus. Kesatuan masih menjadi \"ruang tamu\" kampus hari ini dan termasuk tiga lokasi - Union Kansas dan Burge Union di Kampus Lawrence dan Jayhawk Central di Kampus Edwards. KU Memorial Unions Corporation menguruskan KU Bookstore (dengan tujuh lokasi). Kedai Buku KU adalah kedai buku rasmi KU. Perbadanan ini juga termasuk KU Dining Services, dengan lebih daripada 20 lokasi kampus, termasuk The Market (di dalam Kansas Union) dan The Underground (terletak di Wescoe Hall). KU Bookstore dan KU Dining Services bukanlah untuk keuntungan, dengan hasil akan kembali menyokong program pelajar, seperti Aktiviti Kesatuan Pelajar. <> Bilakah kesatuan pelajar pertama KU dibina? || 1926 <> Apa peranan yang dimaksudkan oleh serikat pekerja itu? || pusat komuniti kampus <> Apakah nama kesatuan pelajar di Kampus Edwards KU? || Jayhawk Central <> Apa syarikat menjalankan kedai buku University of Kansas? || KU Memorial Corporation <> Apa nama penerima dana yang berpotensi dari perusahaan seperti kedai buku dan pusat makan di KU? || Aktiviti Kesatuan Pelajar <> Bilakah kesatuan pelajar terakhir KU dibina? || <> Apakah peranan kesatuan itu tidak pernah dimaksudkan untuk berkhidmat? || <> Apa nama kesatuan fakulti di Kampus Edwards KU? || <> Apa syarikat tidak lagi menjalankan kedai buku di University of Kansas? || <> Apakah nama pemberi dana yang berpotensi dari perusahaan seperti kedai buku dan pusat makan di KU? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was KU's first student union constructed?", "id": "56e79f9600c9c71400d77401", "answers": [{"text": "1926", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the role the union was intended serve?", "id": "56e79f9600c9c71400d77402", "answers": [{"text": "campus community center", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the student union on the Edwards Campus of KU?", "id": "56e79f9600c9c71400d77403", "answers": [{"text": "Jayhawk Central", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company runs the University of Kansas's bookstore?", "id": "56e79f9600c9c71400d77404", "answers": [{"text": "KU Memorial Unions Corporation", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of a potential recipient of funds from enterprises like the bookstore and dining centers at KU?", "id": "56e79f9600c9c71400d77405", "answers": [{"text": "Student Union Activities", "answer_start": 694}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1926", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "When was KU's last student union constructed?", "id": "5acf652e77cf76001a684d44", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "campus community center", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "What was the role the union was never intended to serve?", "id": "5acf652e77cf76001a684d45", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jayhawk Central", "answer_start": 220}], "question": "What is the name of the faculty union on the Edwards Campus of KU?", "id": "5acf652e77cf76001a684d46", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "KU Memorial Unions Corporation", "answer_start": 263}], "question": "What company no longer runs the University of Kansas's bookstore?", "id": "5acf652e77cf76001a684d47", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Student Union Activities", "answer_start": 694}], "question": "What is the name of a potential giver of funds from enterprises like the bookstore and dining centers at KU?", "id": "5acf652e77cf76001a684d48", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The first union was built on campus in 1926 as a campus community center. The unions are still the \"living rooms\" of campus today and include three locations \u2013 the Kansas Union and Burge Union at the Lawrence Campus and Jayhawk Central at the Edwards Campus. The KU Memorial Unions Corporation manages the KU Bookstore (with seven locations). The KU Bookstore is the official bookstore of KU. The Corporation also includes KU Dining Services, with more than 20 campus locations, including The Market (inside the Kansas Union) and The Underground (located in Wescoe Hall). The KU Bookstore and KU Dining Services are not-for-profit, with proceeds going back to support student programs, such as Student Union Activities."}]], [["Sejumlah ensembel arca era itu, yang didirikan di makam-makam kerabat dan para penghormatan lain, telah bertahan (di pelbagai tahap pemuliharaan) di timur laut dan pinggir timur Nanjing, terutamanya di Qixia dan Jiangning District. Mungkin yang terbaik yang dipelihara oleh mereka adalah ensemble Makam Xiao Xiu (475-518), abang Maharaja Wu Liang. Tempoh pembahagian berakhir apabila Dinasti Sui menyatukan semula China dan hampir memusnahkan seluruh bandar, menjadikannya sebuah bandar kecil. <> Apa yang terselamat di pinggir bandar Nanjing? || Beberapa arca panggung <> Di mana daerah ini terdapat kepingan arca? || Qixia dan Jiangning District <> Yang mana yang terbaik, dari segi keadaan pemuliharaan? || ensemble Makam Xiao Xiu <> Siapa Xiao Xiu? || abang Maharaja Wu Liang <> Bilakah Xiao Xiu hidup? || 475-518", {"qas": [{"question": "What has survived in Nanjing's suburbs?", "id": "56e786c937bdd419002c40ab", "answers": [{"text": "A number of sculptural ensembles", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what district are these sculptural pieces located?", "id": "56e786c937bdd419002c40ac", "answers": [{"text": "Qixia and Jiangning District", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which piece is the best, in terms of preservation condition?", "id": "56e786c937bdd419002c40ad", "answers": [{"text": "the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Xiao Xiu?", "id": "56e786c937bdd419002c40ae", "answers": [{"text": "a brother of Emperor Wu of Liang", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Xiao Xiu live?", "id": "56e786c937bdd419002c40af", "answers": [{"text": "475\u2013518", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A number of sculptural ensembles of that era, erected at the tombs of royals and other dignitaries, have survived (in various degrees of preservation) in Nanjing's northeastern and eastern suburbs, primarily in Qixia and Jiangning District. Possibly the best preserved of them is the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu (475\u2013518), a brother of Emperor Wu of Liang. The period of division ended when the Sui Dynasty reunified China and almost destroyed the entire city, turning it into a small town."}], ["Sejurus selepas penyatuan rantau ini, dinasti Jin Barat runtuh. Pertama pemberontakan oleh lapan ketua Jin untuk takhta dan kemudian pemberontakan dan pencerobohan dari Xiongnu dan orang-orang nomad yang lain yang memusnahkan pemerintahan dinasti Jin di utara. Pada 317, sisa-sisa mahkamah Jin, serta bangsawan dan keluarga kaya, melarikan diri dari utara ke selatan dan menubuhkan semula gelanggang Jin di Nanjing, yang kemudiannya dipanggil Jiankang (\u5efa\u5eb7), menggantikan Luoyang. Ia adalah kali pertama bahawa ibu negara bergerak ke bahagian selatan. <> Apa yang terjadi sebelum kejatuhan dinasti Jin Barat? || penyatuan rantau <> Bilakah kepala pengadilan Jin Selatan? || 317 <> Di manakah gelanggang Jin menubuhkan semula, setelah melarikan diri? || Nanjing <> Siapa yang melarikan diri dengan mahkamah Jin ke Selatan? || bangsawan dan keluarga kaya", {"qas": [{"question": "What happened prior to the collapse of the Western Jin dynasty?", "id": "56e7853a37bdd419002c4087", "answers": [{"text": "the unification of the region", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Jin court head South?", "id": "56e7853a37bdd419002c4088", "answers": [{"text": "317", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Jin court re-establish itself, after fleeing?", "id": "56e7853a37bdd419002c4089", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing", "answer_start": 410}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who fled with the Jin court to the South?", "id": "56e7853a37bdd419002c408b", "answers": [{"text": "nobles and wealthy families", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Shortly after the unification of the region, the Western Jin dynasty collapsed. First the rebellions by eight Jin princes for the throne and later rebellions and invasion from Xiongnu and other nomadic peoples that destroyed the rule of the Jin dynasty in the north. In 317, remnants of the Jin court, as well as nobles and wealthy families, fled from the north to the south and reestablished the Jin court in Nanjing, which was then called Jiankang (\u5efa\u5eb7), replacing Luoyang. It's the first time that the capital of the nation moved to southern part."}], ["Semasa tempoh pembahagian Utara-Selatan, Nanjing kekal sebagai ibu kota dinasti Selatan selama lebih dari dua setengah abad. Pada masa ini, Nanjing adalah hab antarabangsa Asia Timur. Berdasarkan dokumen sejarah, bandar ini mempunyai 280,000 isi rumah berdaftar. Dengan mengandaikan purata rumah tangga Nanjing mempunyai kira-kira 5.1 orang pada masa itu, bandar ini mempunyai lebih daripada 1.4 juta penduduk. <> Berapa lamakah Nanjing ibukota dinasti Selatan? || Lebih dari dua setengah abad <> Semasa masa pembahagian Utara-Selatan, apakah bandar yang menjadi pusat Asia Timur? || Nanjing <> Semasa masa pembahagian Utara-Selatan, berapakah jumlah rumah tangga di Nanjing? || 280,000 isi rumah berdaftar <> Berapa anggaran penduduk Nanjing pada masa itu? || lebih daripada 1.4 juta penduduk <> Di manakah maklumat mengenai isirumah yang didaftarkan dalam tempoh tersebut? || dokumen sejarah", {"qas": [{"question": "How long was Nanjing the capital of the Southern dynasties?", "id": "56e7860900c9c71400d77231", "answers": [{"text": "more than two and a half centuries", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the time of the North\u2013South division, what city was the center of East Asia?", "id": "56e7860900c9c71400d77232", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the time of the North\u2013South division, how many households were in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7860900c9c71400d77233", "answers": [{"text": "280,000 registered households", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the estimated population of Nanjing during that time?", "id": "56e7860900c9c71400d77234", "answers": [{"text": "more than 1.4 million residents", "answer_start": 365}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the information on registered households during that period originate?", "id": "56e7860900c9c71400d77235", "answers": [{"text": "historical documents", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the period of North\u2013South division, Nanjing remained the capital of the Southern dynasties for more than two and a half centuries. During this time, Nanjing was the international hub of East Asia. Based on historical documents, the city had 280,000 registered households. Assuming an average Nanjing household had about 5.1 people at that time, the city had more than 1.4 million residents."}], ["Nanjing mula-mula menjadi ibu negeri pada 229 AD, ketika keadaan Wu Timur yang diasaskan oleh Sun Quan dalam tempoh Tiga Kerajaan memindahkan ibukotanya ke Jianye (\u5efa\u696d), kota itu diperpanjang berdasarkan Jinling Yi pada tahun 211 Masehi. Walaupun ditakluki oleh Dinasti Jin Barat pada tahun 280, Nanjing dan kawasan sekitarnya telah dibina dengan baik dan berkembang menjadi salah satu pusat komersial, budaya dan politik China semasa pemerintahan Timur Wu. Bandar ini tidak lama lagi akan memainkan peranan penting dalam abad berikut. <> Bilakah Nanjing menjadi ibu negeri? || 229 AD <> Yang mengasaskan Timur Wu? || Sun Quan <> Ketika ditubuhkan Timur Wu? || semasa tempoh Tiga Kerajaan <> Yang mengalahkan Nanjing dan mengambil alih dalam 280? || Dinasti Jin Barat <> Bilakah Nanjing diperluaskan? || 211 AD", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Nanjing become a state capital?", "id": "56e7845837bdd419002c407d", "answers": [{"text": "229 AD", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who founded Eastern Wu?", "id": "56e7845837bdd419002c407e", "answers": [{"text": "Sun Quan", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Eastern Wu founded?", "id": "56e7845837bdd419002c407f", "answers": [{"text": "during the Three Kingdoms period", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who defeated Nanjing and took over in 280?", "id": "56e7845837bdd419002c4080", "answers": [{"text": "the Western Jin dynasty", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Nanjing extended?", "id": "56e7845837bdd419002c4081", "answers": [{"text": "211 AD", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nanjing first became a state capital in 229 AD, when the state of Eastern Wu founded by Sun Quan during the Three Kingdoms period relocated its capital to Jianye (\u5efa\u696d), the city extended on the basis of Jinling Yi in 211 AD. Although conquered by the Western Jin dynasty in 280, Nanjing and its neighbouring areas had been well cultivated and developed into one of the commercial, cultural and political centers of China during the rule of East Wu. This city would soon play a vital role in the following centuries."}], ["Kaisar pertama Dinasti Ming, Zhu Yuanzhang (Maharaja Hongwu), yang menggulingkan dinasti Yuan, menamakan semula bandar Yingtian, membina semula, dan menjadikannya modal dinasti pada 1368. Dia membina sebuah bandar panjang 48 km (30 mi) dinding sekitar Yingtian, serta kompleks Istana Ming yang baru, dan dewan kerajaan. Ia memerlukan 200,000 buruh 21 tahun untuk menyelesaikan projek itu. Tembok Bandar Nanjing pada masa kini dibina pada masa itu dan hari ini ia masih dalam keadaan baik dan telah dipelihara dengan baik. Ia adalah antara tembok kota yang paling lama bertahan di China. Maharaja Jianwen memerintah dari 1398 hingga 1402. <Siapakah kaisar pertama dinasti Ming? || Zhu Yuanzhang <> Siapa Zhu Yuanzhang kalah? || Dinasti Yuan <> Apa yang Zhu Yuanzhang membina di sekitar bandar Nanjing? || wall city lama <> Berapa lama masa yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan tembok? || 21 tahun <> Berapa ramai pekerja yang bekerja di dinding? || 200,000", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the first emperor of the Ming dynasty?", "id": "56e788b100c9c71400d7725b", "answers": [{"text": "Zhu Yuanzhang", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Zhu Yuanzhang defeat?", "id": "56e788b100c9c71400d7725c", "answers": [{"text": "the Yuan dynasty", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Zhu Yuanzhang build around the city of Nanjing?", "id": "56e788b100c9c71400d7725d", "answers": [{"text": "long city wall", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did it take to finish the wall?", "id": "56e788b200c9c71400d7725e", "answers": [{"text": "21 years", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many workers worked on the wall?", "id": "56e788b200c9c71400d7725f", "answers": [{"text": "200,000", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first emperor of the Ming dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang (the Hongwu Emperor), who overthrew the Yuan dynasty, renamed the city Yingtian, rebuilt it, and made it the dynastic capital in 1368. He constructed a 48 km (30 mi) long city wall around Yingtian, as well as a new Ming Palace complex, and government halls. It took 200,000 laborers 21 years to finish the project. The present-day City Wall of Nanjing was mainly built during that time and today it remains in good condition and has been well preserved. It is among the longest surviving city walls in China. The Jianwen Emperor ruled from 1398 to 1402."}], ["Bandaraya Nanjing telah dibakar selepas dinasti Sui mengambil alihnya. Ia dinamakan semula Shengzhou (\u6607 \u5dde) dalam dinasti Tang dan resuscitated semasa Tang lewat. Ia dipilih sebagai modal dan dipanggil Jinling (\u91d1\u9675) semasa Tang Tang Selatan (937-976), sebuah negeri yang menggantikan negara Wu. Ia dinamakan semula Jiangning (\u6c5f\u5be7) di dinasti Song Utara dan dinamakan semula Jiankang di dinasti Song Selatan. Industri tekstil Jiankang berkembang dan berkembang pesat semasa dinasti Song walaupun ancaman berterusan pencerobohan asing dari utara oleh dinasti Jin yang dipimpin oleh Jurchen. Mahkamah Da Chu, sebuah negara boneka pendek yang ditubuhkan oleh Jurchens, dan mahkamah Song sekali di kota. Song akhirnya dibasmi oleh empayar Mongol di bawah nama Yuan dan dinasti Yuan status bandar sebagai pusat industri tekstil semakin disatukan. <> Bilakah Nanjing membuat modal lagi? || semasa Tang Selatan (937-976) <> Semasa dinasti apa Nanjing menjadi bandar tekstil yang berkembang maju? || Dinasti Song <> Apa nama gelaran wayang yang dibuat oleh Jurchens? || Mahkamah Da Chu <> Yang mengalahkan mahkamah Song? || empayar Mongol", {"qas": [{"question": "When was Nanjing made a capital again?", "id": "56e787d900c9c71400d77252", "answers": [{"text": "during the Southern Tang (937\u2013976)", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what dynasty did Nanjing become a thriving textile city?", "id": "56e787d900c9c71400d77253", "answers": [{"text": "the Song dynasty", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the short-lived puppet court created by the Jurchens?", "id": "56e787d900c9c71400d77254", "answers": [{"text": "The court of Da Chu", "answer_start": 537}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who defeated the court of Song?", "id": "56e787d900c9c71400d77255", "answers": [{"text": "the Mongol empire", "answer_start": 695}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city of Nanjing was razed after the Sui dynasty took over it. It renamed Shengzhou (\u6607\u5dde) in Tang dynasty and resuscitated during the late Tang. It was chosen as the capital and called Jinling (\u91d1\u9675) during the Southern Tang (937\u2013976), a state that succeeded Wu state. It renamed Jiangning (\u6c5f\u5be7) in Northern Song dynasty and renamed Jiankang in Southern Song dynasty. Jiankang's textile industry burgeoned and thrived during the Song dynasty despite the constant threat of foreign invasions from the north by the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty. The court of Da Chu, a short-lived puppet state established by the Jurchens, and the court of Song were once in the city. Song was eventually exterminated by the Mongol empire under the name Yuan and in Yuan dynasty the city's status as a hub of the textile industry was further consolidated."}], ["Terletak di kawasan Yangtze River Delta dan pusat China Timur, Nanjing adalah rumah kepada salah satu pelabuhan pedalaman terbesar di dunia. Nanjing juga merupakan salah satu daripada lima belas sub-wilayah wilayah di struktur pentadbiran Republik Rakyat China, menikmati autonomi yurisdiksi dan ekonomi hanya sedikit kurang daripada wilayah itu. Nanjing telah menduduki tempat ketujuh dalam penilaian \"Bandaraya dengan Kekuatan Komprehensif yang Kukuh\" yang dikeluarkan oleh Biro Perangkaan Negara, dan kedua dalam penilaian bandar-bandar dengan potensi pembangunan yang paling mapan di Delta Sungai Yangtze. Ia juga telah dianugerahi gelaran 2008 Habitat Scroll of Honor of China, Anugerah Khas Hulu Tunggal Khas PBB dan Bandar Beradun Negara. Nanjing mempunyai banyak universiti dan institut penyelidikan yang berkualiti tinggi, dengan bilangan universiti yang disenaraikan di 100 Universiti Utama Kebangsaan peringkat ketiga, termasuk Universiti Nanjing. Nisbah pelajar kolej kepada jumlah penduduk berada di kedudukan No.1 di kalangan bandar-bandar besar di seluruh negara. Nanjing adalah salah satu daripada tiga pusat penyelidikan utama Cina mengikut Indeks Alam. <> Apa bahagian China (Utara, Timur, Selatan, Barat) terletak Nanjing? || Timur <> Apa yang ada di Nanjing yang dianggap sebagai salah satu yang terbesar di dunia? || pelabuhan pedalaman <> Sungai apa yang berkaitan dengan Nanjing? || Sungai Yangtze <> Kota apa yang dianugerahkan oleh Habitat Scroll of Honor of China 2008? || Nanjing", {"qas": [{"question": "What part of China (North, East, South, West) is Nanjing located?", "id": "56e781ea37bdd419002c4058", "answers": [{"text": "East", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Nanjing have that is considered one of the world's biggest?", "id": "56e781ea37bdd419002c4059", "answers": [{"text": "inland ports", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What river is Nanjing associated with?", "id": "56e781ea37bdd419002c405a", "answers": [{"text": "Yangtze River", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city was awarded the 2008 Habitat Scroll of Honour of China?", "id": "56e781ea37bdd419002c405b", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Located in Yangtze River Delta area and the center of East China, Nanjing is home to one of the world's largest inland ports. Nanjing is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure, enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province. Nanjing has been ranked seventh in the evaluation of \"Cities with Strongest Comprehensive Strength\" issued by the National Statistics Bureau, and second in the evaluation of cities with most sustainable development potential in the Yangtze River Delta. It has also been awarded the title of 2008 Habitat Scroll of Honour of China, Special UN Habitat Scroll of Honour Award and National Civilized City. Nanjing boasts many high-quality universities and research institutes, with the number of universities listed in 100 National Key Universities ranking third, including Nanjing University. The ratio of college students to total population ranks No.1 among large cities nationwide. Nanjing is one of the three Chinese top research centres according to Nature Index."}], ["Penemuan arkeologi menunjukkan bahawa \"Manusia Nanjing\" hidup lebih dari 500 ribu tahun yang lalu. Zun, sejenis kapal wain, didapati wujud dalam budaya Beiyinyangying di Nanjing sekitar 5000 tahun yang lalu. Pada zaman akhir dinasti Shang, Taibo dari Zhou datang ke Jiangnan dan menubuhkan negara Wu, dan berhenti pertama di kawasan Nanjing menurut beberapa ahli sejarah berdasarkan penemuan dalam budaya Taowu dan Hushu. Menurut legenda, [yang] Fuchai, Raja Negara Wu, mendirikan sebuah kubu bernama Yecheng (\u51b6 \u57ce) di kawasan Nanjing hari ini pada 495 SM. Kemudian pada 473 SM, Negeri Yue menakluk Wu dan membina benteng Yuecheng (\u8d8a \u57ce) di pinggir Zhonghua Gate. Pada tahun 333 SM, selepas menghapuskan Negeri Yue, Negeri Chu membina Jinling Yi (\u91d1\u9675 \u9091) di bahagian barat masa kini Nanjing. Ia dinamakan semula Moling (\u79e3 \u9675) semasa pemerintahan Qin Shi Huang. Sejak itu, bandar ini mengalami kemusnahan dan pembaharuan berkali-kali. Kawasan ini berturut-turut sebahagian Kuaiji, Zhang dan Danyang di Qin dan dinasti Han, dan sebahagian wilayah Yangzhou yang ditubuhkan sebagai 13 wilayah pengawasan dan pentadbiran negara pada tahun ke-5 Yuanfeng di dinasti Han (106 SM). Nanjing kemudiannya adalah ibu kota Wilayah Danyang, dan telah menjadi ibu kota Yangzhou selama kira-kira 400 tahun dari akhir Han hingga awal Tang. <> Berapa lama dahulu \"Nanjing Man\" hidup? || lebih daripada 500 ribu tahun yang lalu <> Apa kapal yang dijumpai 5000 tahun yang lalu? || Zun, sejenis arak wain <> Bilakah benteng Yuecheng dibina? || 473 SM <> Berapa lamakah Nanjing menjadi ibu kota Yangzhou? || kira-kira 400 tahun <> Bilakah negeri Wu dicipta? || tempoh akhir dinasti Shang", {"qas": [{"question": "How long ago did \"Nanjing Man\" live?", "id": "56e7839137bdd419002c4073", "answers": [{"text": "more than 500 thousand years ago", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What vessel was found 5000 years ago?", "id": "56e7839137bdd419002c4074", "answers": [{"text": "Zun, a kind of wine vessel", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the the fort of Yuecheng built?", "id": "56e7839137bdd419002c4075", "answers": [{"text": "473 BC", "answer_start": 552}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long had Nanjing been the capital city of Yangzhou?", "id": "56e7839137bdd419002c4076", "answers": [{"text": "about 400 years", "answer_start": 1319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Wu state created?", "id": "56e7839137bdd419002c4077", "answers": [{"text": "the late period of Shang dynasty", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Archaeological discovery shows that \"Nanjing Man\" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (\u51b6\u57ce) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (\u8d8a\u57ce) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (\u91d1\u9675\u9091) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (\u79e3\u9675) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang."}], ["Nanjing, salah satu daripada bandar-bandar terpenting di negara ini selama lebih dari seribu tahun, diiktiraf sebagai salah satu daripada Empat Great Capital Purba di China, dan merupakan bandar terbesar di dunia yang agregat selama beratus-ratus tahun, menikmati keamanan dan kesejahteraan dan mengalahkan peperangan dan bencana . Nanjing berkhidmat sebagai ibu kota Wu Timur, salah satu daripada tiga negeri utama dalam tempoh Tiga Kerajaan (211-280); Jin Timur dan masing-masing Dinasti Selatan (Liu Song, Qi Selatan, Liang dan Chen), yang berkuasa memerintah selatan China dari 317-589; Tang Selatan, salah satu daripada Sepuluh Kerajaan (937-76); dinasti Ming ketika, buat pertama kalinya, semua China telah memerintah dari bandar (1368-1421); dan Republik China (1927-37, 1945-49) sebelum penerbangan ke Taiwan semasa Perang Saudara Cina. Bandar ini juga berfungsi sebagai tempat pemberontakan Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851-64) dan rejim boneka Jepun Wang Jingwei (1940-45) semasa Perang Sino-Jepun Kedua, dan mengalami kekejaman yang mengejutkan dalam kedua-dua konflik, termasuk Nanjing Pembunuhan. Ia telah berkhidmat sebagai ibu kota wilayah Jiangsu selepas China ditubuhkan, dan masih merupakan ibu negara Republik China yang menampung banyak tapak warisan pentingnya, termasuk Istana Presiden dan Makam Sun Yat-sen. Nanjing terkenal dengan landskap sejarah, gunung dan perairan manusia seperti Fuzimiao, Istana Ming, Istana Chaotian, Menara Porcelain, Menara Gendang, Batu Bandar, Tembok Kota, Qinhuai River, Xuanwu Lake dan Purple Mountain. Kemudahan budaya utama termasuk Perpustakaan Nanjing, Muzium Nanjing dan Muzium Seni. <> Berapa lamakah Nanjing penting? || lebih dari seribu tahun <> Berapa banyak Ibukota Purba Besar yang ada di China? || Empat <> Apa bandar dianggap sebagai modal nominal Republik China? || Nanjing <> Apa makam di Nanjing? || Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum <> Apa bandar ibukota Wu Timur semasa era Tiga Kerajaan? || Nanjing", {"qas": [{"question": "How long has Nanjing been important?", "id": "56e782c737bdd419002c4069", "answers": [{"text": "over a thousand years", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Great Ancient Capitals does China have?", "id": "56e782c737bdd419002c406a", "answers": [{"text": "Four", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city is considered to be the nominal capital of the Republic of China?", "id": "56e782c737bdd419002c406b", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What mausoleum is in Nanjing?", "id": "56e782c737bdd419002c406c", "answers": [{"text": "Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum", "answer_start": 1290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city was the capital of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era?", "id": "56e782c737bdd419002c406d", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nanjing, one of the nation's most important cities for over a thousand years, is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, and had been the world's largest city aggregately for hundreds of years, enjoyed peace and prosperity and beared wars and disasters. Nanjing served as the capital of Eastern Wu, one of the three major states in the Three Kingdoms period (211-280); the Eastern Jin and each of the Southern Dynasties (Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang and Chen), which successively ruled southern China from 317-589; the Southern Tang, one of the Ten Kingdoms (937-76); the Ming dynasty when, for the first time, all of China was ruled from the city (1368-1421); and the Republic of China (1927\u201337, 1945\u201349) prior to its flight to Taiwan during the Chinese Civil War. The city also served as the seat of the rebel Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851\u201364) and the Japanese puppet regime of Wang Jingwei (1940\u201345) during the Second Sino-Japanese War, and suffered appalling atrocities in both conflicts, including the Nanjing Massacre. It has been serving as the capital city of Jiangsu province after the China was established, and is still the nominal capital of Republic of China that accommodates many of its important heritage sites, including the Presidential Palace and Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Nanjing is famous for human historical landscapes, mountains and waters such as Fuzimiao, Ming Palace, Chaotian Palace, Porcelain Tower, Drum Tower, Stone City, City Wall, Qinhuai River, Xuanwu Lake and Purple Mountain. Key cultural facilities include Nanjing Library, Nanjing Museum and Art Museum."}], ["Nanjing (mendengar; Cina: \u5357\u4eac, \"Southern Capital\") adalah bandar yang terletak di kawasan pedalaman di rantau Sungai Yangtze yang lebih rendah di China, yang telah lama menjadi pusat budaya, pendidikan, penyelidikan, politik, ekonomi, rangkaian pengangkutan dan pelancongan . Ia adalah ibu kota wilayah Jiangsu Republik Rakyat China dan bandar kedua terbesar di China Timur, dengan jumlah penduduk 8,216,100, dan secara sah ibukota Republik China yang kehilangan tanah besar semasa perang saudara. Bandar yang namanya bermaksud \"Modal Selatan\" mempunyai tempat yang menonjol dalam sejarah dan budaya Cina, setelah berkhidmat sebagai ibukota berbagai dinasti Cina, kerajaan dan kerajaan republik yang berasal dari abad ke-3 AD hingga 1949. Sebelum kedatangan romanisasi pinyin, Nama bandar Nanjing dibina sebagai Nanking atau Nankin. Nanjing mempunyai beberapa nama lain, dan beberapa nama sejarah kini digunakan sebagai nama daerah kota, dan di antara mereka ada nama Jiangning (\u6c5f\u5be7), yang bekas watak Jiang (\u6c5f, Sungai) adalah bekas bahagian nama Jiangsu dan watak terakhir Ning (\u5be7, bentuk ringkas \u5b81, Keamanan) adalah nama pendek Nanjing. Ketika menjadi ibukota negara, misalnya, ROC, Jing (\u4eac) diadopsi sebagai singkatan dari Nanjing. Walaupun sebagai sebuah bandar yang terletak di bahagian selatan China menjadi modal kebangsaan Cina seawal dinasti Jin, nama Nanjing telah ditetapkan ke bandar di dinasti Ming, kira-kira seribu tahun kemudian. Nanjing terutamanya dikenali sebagai Jinling (\u91d1\u9675, secara harfiah bermaksud Gold Mountain) dan nama lama telah digunakan sejak Tempoh Berperang Amerika di Dinasti Zhou. <> Apakah modal undang-undang Republik China? || Nanjing <> Kawasan apa yang Nanjing? || rantau Yangtze River yang lebih rendah <> Bilakah bandar diberi nama Nanjing? || Dinasti Ming <> Bilakah Nanjing menjadi ibu negara China? || Dinasti Jin <> Apa maksud Nanjing? || \"Modal Selatan\"", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the legal capital of the Republic of China?", "id": "56e780f800c9c71400d771d1", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What region is Nanjing in?", "id": "56e780f800c9c71400d771d2", "answers": [{"text": "lower Yangtze River region", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the city given the name Nanjing?", "id": "56e780f800c9c71400d771d3", "answers": [{"text": "Ming dynasty", "answer_start": 1419}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Nanjing become the Chinese national capital?", "id": "56e780f800c9c71400d771d4", "answers": [{"text": "Jin dynasty", "answer_start": 1359}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Nanjing mean?", "id": "56e780f800c9c71400d771d5", "answers": [{"text": "\"Southern Capital\"", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nanjing ( listen; Chinese: \u5357\u4eac, \"Southern Capital\") is the city situated in the heartland of lower Yangtze River region in China, which has long been a major centre of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism. It is the capital city of Jiangsu province of People's Republic of China and the second largest city in East China, with a total population of 8,216,100, and legally the capital of Republic of China which lost the mainland during the civil war. The city whose name means \"Southern Capital\" has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capitals of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century AD to 1949. Prior to the advent of pinyin romanization, Nanjing's city name was spelled as Nanking or Nankin. Nanjing has a number of other names, and some historical names are now used as names of districts of the city, and among them there is the name Jiangning (\u6c5f\u5be7), whose former character Jiang (\u6c5f, River) is the former part of the name Jiangsu and latter character Ning (\u5be7, simplified form \u5b81, Peace) is the short name of Nanjing. When being the capital of a state, for instance, ROC, Jing (\u4eac) is adopted as the abbreviation of Nanjing. Although as a city located in southern part of China becoming Chinese national capital as early as in Jin dynasty, the name Nanjing was designated to the city in Ming dynasty, about a thousand years later. Nanjing is particularly known as Jinling (\u91d1\u9675, literally meaning Gold Mountain) and the old name has been used since the Warring States Period in Zhou Dynasty."}], ["Pada tahun 1927, Kuomintang (KMT; Parti Kebangsaan) di bawah Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek sekali lagi menubuhkan Nanjing sebagai ibu negara Republik China, dan ini diiktiraf di peringkat antarabangsa apabila pasukan KMT mengambil Beijing pada tahun 1928. Dekad berikut dikenali sebagai Nanking dekad. <> Ketika Nanjing ditubuhkan semula sebagai ibukota Republik China? || 1927 <> Parti apa yang menubuhkan Nanjing sebagai ibukota Republik China? || Kuomintang (KMT; Parti Nasionalis) <> Siapa pemimpin Kuomintang (KMT; Parti Kebangsaan)? || Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek <> Apa yang diketahui pada tahun 1930, di China? || dekad Nanking <> Bilakah Kuomintang (KMT; Parti Kebangsaan) mengalahkan dan mengambil alih Beijing? || 1928", {"qas": [{"question": "When was Nanjing re-established as the capital of the Republic of China?", "id": "56e791fe37bdd419002c4167", "answers": [{"text": "1927", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What party established Nanjing as the capital of the Republic of China?", "id": "56e791fe37bdd419002c4168", "answers": [{"text": "the Kuomintang (KMT; Nationalist Party)", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the leader of the Kuomintang (KMT; Nationalist Party)?", "id": "56e791fe37bdd419002c4169", "answers": [{"text": "Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the 1930's known as, in China?", "id": "56e791fe37bdd419002c416a", "answers": [{"text": "the Nanking decade", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Kuomintang (KMT; Nationalist Party) defeat and take over Beijing?", "id": "56e791fe37bdd419002c416b", "answers": [{"text": "1928", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1927, the Kuomintang (KMT; Nationalist Party) under Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek again established Nanjing as the capital of the Republic of China, and this became internationally recognized once KMT forces took Beijing in 1928. The following decade is known as the Nanking decade."}], ["Monumen untuk kos manusia besar beberapa projek pembinaan raksasa Dinasti Ming awal adalah Kuari Yangshan (terletak kira-kira 15-20 km (9-12 mi) timur bandar berdinding dan makam Ming Xiaoling), di mana raksasa stele, memotong perintah Maharaja Yongle, ditinggalkan, seperti yang ditinggalkan 600 tahun lalu apabila dimaklumkan tidak mungkin untuk bergerak atau menyelesaikannya. <> Seberapa jauh dari Nanjing adalah Yangshan Quarry? || 15-20 km (9-12 mi) timur bandar berdinding <> Apa item besar yang ditinggalkan di Kuari? || sebuah stele raksasa <> Berapa lama stele ditinggalkan? || 600 tahun lalu <> Mengapa stele ditinggalkan? || adalah mustahil untuk bergerak atau menyelesaikannya <> Siapa yang memerintahkan penciptaan stele itu? || Maharaja Yongle", {"qas": [{"question": "How far from Nanjing is the Yangshan Quarry?", "id": "56e78af900c9c71400d77279", "answers": [{"text": "15\u201320 km (9\u201312 mi) east of the walled city", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What large item is abandoned at the Quarry?", "id": "56e78af900c9c71400d7727a", "answers": [{"text": "a gigantic stele", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long ago was the stele abandoned?", "id": "56e78af900c9c71400d7727b", "answers": [{"text": "600 years ago", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why was the stele abandoned?", "id": "56e78af900c9c71400d7727c", "answers": [{"text": "it was impossible to move or complete it", "answer_start": 354}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ordered the creation of the stele?", "id": "56e78af900c9c71400d7727d", "answers": [{"text": "the Yongle Emperor", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the Yangshan Quarry (located some 15\u201320 km (9\u201312 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic stele, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned, just as it was left 600 years ago when it was understood it was impossible to move or complete it."}], ["Lebih dua abad selepas penyingkiran ibu kota ke Beijing, Nanjing ditakdirkan menjadi ibukota maharaja Ming sekali lagi. Selepas kejatuhan Beijing kepada pasukan pemberontak Li Zicheng dan kemudian kepada Dinasti Qing yang dipimpin Manchu pada musim bunga tahun 1644, putera Ming Zhu Yousong telah bertakhta di Nanjing pada bulan Jun 1644 sebagai Maharaja Hongguang. Pemerintahannya yang singkat digambarkan oleh para sejarawan kemudian sebagai pemerintahan pertama dinasti Ming Selatan yang dipanggil. <> Bilakah Beijing kalah kepada pasukan pemberontak Li Zicheng dan dinasti Qing yang diketuai oleh Manchu? || 1644 <> Apa putera Ming digelar di Nanjing? || Zhu Yousong <> Bilakah Zhu Yousong bertakhta? || pada bulan Jun 1644 <> Apakah tajuk Zhu Yousong? || Maharaja Hongguang <> Kerajaan Kaisar Hongguang dianggap sebagai pemerintahan pertama dari dinasti apa? || Dinasti Ming Selatan yang dipanggil", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Beijing lose to Li Zicheng's rebel forces and the Manchu-led Qing dynasty?", "id": "56e78cab00c9c71400d77293", "answers": [{"text": "1644", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Ming prince was enthroned in Nanjing?", "id": "56e78cab00c9c71400d77294", "answers": [{"text": "Zhu Yousong", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Zhu Yousong enthroned?", "id": "56e78cab00c9c71400d77295", "answers": [{"text": "in June 1644", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Zhu Yousong's title?", "id": "56e78cab00c9c71400d77296", "answers": [{"text": "the Hongguang Emperor", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Hongguang Emperor's reign was thought of as the first reign of what dynasty?", "id": "56e78cab00c9c71400d77297", "answers": [{"text": "the so-called Southern Ming dynasty", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Over two centuries after the removal of the capital to Beijing, Nanjing was destined to become the capital of a Ming emperor one more time. After the fall of Beijing to Li Zicheng's rebel forces and then to the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in the spring of 1644, the Ming prince Zhu Yousong was enthroned in Nanjing in June 1644 as the Hongguang Emperor. His short reign was described by later historians as the first reign of the so-called Southern Ming dynasty."}], ["Sebagai pusat empayar, awal-Ming Nanjing mempunyai sambungan di seluruh dunia. Ia adalah rumah laksamana Zheng He, yang pergi ke lautan Pasifik dan India, dan ia telah dikunjungi oleh para tokoh asing, seperti seorang raja dari Borneo (Boni \u6e24 \u6ce5), yang meninggal semasa lawatannya ke China pada tahun 1408. Makam Raja Boni, dengan cara semangat dan stele kura-kura, ditemui di Daerah Yuhuatai (selatan bandar berdinding) pada tahun 1958, dan telah dipulihkan. <> Apa Laksamana memanggil Nanjing rumahnya? || admiral Zheng He <> Apa yang melawat raja tewas di China pada tahun 1408? || (Boni \u6e24 \u6ce5) <> Negara mana yang datang dari raja yang datang ini? || Borneo <> Benteng apa yang ada di kubur Boni? || sebuah kura-kura kura-kura", {"qas": [{"question": "What Admiral called Nanjing his home?", "id": "56e78bb537bdd419002c4108", "answers": [{"text": "admiral Zheng He", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What visiting king died in China in 1408?", "id": "56e78bb537bdd419002c4109", "answers": [{"text": "(Boni \u6e24\u6ce5)", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country did this visiting king come from?", "id": "56e78bb537bdd419002c410a", "answers": [{"text": "Borneo", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What stele is at Boni's tomb?", "id": "56e78bb537bdd419002c410b", "answers": [{"text": "a tortoise stele", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As the center of the empire, early-Ming Nanjing had worldwide connections. It was home of the admiral Zheng He, who went to sail the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and it was visited by foreign dignitaries, such as a king from Borneo (Boni \u6e24\u6ce5), who died during his visit to China in 1408. The Tomb of the King of Boni, with a spirit way and a tortoise stele, was discovered in Yuhuatai District (south of the walled city) in 1958, and has been restored."}], ["Revolusi Xinhai membawa kepada penubuhan Republik China pada Januari 1912 dengan Sun Yat-sen sebagai presiden sementara pertama dan Nanking dipilih sebagai modal baru. Walau bagaimanapun, Empayar Qing menguasai wilayah-wilayah besar di utara, maka para ahli revolusi meminta Yuan Shikai menggantikan Sun sebagai presiden sebagai pertukaran untuk penangguhan Puyi, Maharaja Terakhir. Yuan menuntut modal Beijing (lebih dekat dengan pangkalannya). <> Bilakah Republik China diasaskan? || Januari 1912 <> Siapa presiden pertama Republik China? || Sun Yat-sen <> Yang memindahkan ibu negara dari Nanjing ke Beijing? || Yuan Shikai", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Republic of China founded?", "id": "56e7909700c9c71400d772e1", "answers": [{"text": "January 1912", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first president of the Republic of China?", "id": "56e7909700c9c71400d772e2", "answers": [{"text": "Sun Yat-sen", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing?", "id": "56e7909700c9c71400d772e4", "answers": [{"text": "Yuan Shikai", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Xinhai Revolution led to the founding of the Republic of China in January 1912 with Sun Yat-sen as the first provisional president and Nanking was selected as its new capital. However, the Qing Empire controlled large regions to the north, so revolutionaries asked Yuan Shikai to replace Sun as president in exchange for the abdication of Puyi, the Last Emperor. Yuan demanded the capital be Beijing (closer to his power base)."}], ["Dipercayai Nanjing adalah bandar terbesar di dunia dari 1358 hingga 1425 dengan penduduk 487,000 pada tahun 1400. Nanjing tetap menjadi ibu kota Kekaisaran Ming hingga 1421, ketika kaisar ketiga dinasti Ming, Kaisar Yongle, memindahkan modal ke Beijing. <> Ketika Nanjing dianggap sebagai bandar terbesar di dunia? || dari 1358 hingga 1425 <> Berapakah jumlah orang di Nanjing pada tahun 1400? || 487,000 <> Bilakah Nanjing berhenti menjadi modal? || 1421 <> Di manakah modal dipindahkan ke? || Beijing <> Siapa maharaja ketiga dinasti Ming? || Maharaja Yongle", {"qas": [{"question": "When was Nanjing considered to be the biggest city in the world?", "id": "56e7894300c9c71400d77265", "answers": [{"text": "from 1358 to 1425", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the number of people in Nanjing in 1400?", "id": "56e7894300c9c71400d77266", "answers": [{"text": "487,000", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Nanjing cease to be the capital?", "id": "56e7894300c9c71400d77267", "answers": [{"text": "1421", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the capital moved to?", "id": "56e7894300c9c71400d77268", "answers": [{"text": "Beijing", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the third emperor of the Ming dynasty?", "id": "56e7894300c9c71400d77269", "answers": [{"text": "the Yongle Emperor", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It is believed that Nanjing was the largest city in the world from 1358 to 1425 with a population of 487,000 in 1400. Nanjing remained the capital of the Ming Empire until 1421, when the third emperor of the Ming dynasty, the Yongle Emperor, relocated the capital to Beijing."}], ["Di samping dinding bandar, struktur Ming-era terkenal yang lain di bandar termasuk Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum dan Menara Porcelain, walaupun yang terakhir dimusnahkan oleh Taipings pada abad ke-19 sama ada untuk mengelakkan puak yang bermusuhan daripada menggunakannya untuk memerhatikan dan merampas bandar atau ketakutan takhayul terhadap sifat geomantiknya. <> Apa nama makam terkenal di Nanjing? || Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum <> Yang menghancurkan Menara Porcelain? || Taipings <> Bilakah Menara Porcelain dimusnahkan? || pada abad ke-19 <Satu kemungkinan Menara telah dimusnahkan adalah untuk menghalangnya digunakan oleh musuh yang bermusuhan. Apakah kemungkinan lain? || takut takhayul terhadap sifat geomantiknya", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the famous mausoleum in Nanjing?", "id": "56e78a5637bdd419002c40e5", "answers": [{"text": "Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who decimated the Porcelain Tower?", "id": "56e78a5637bdd419002c40e6", "answers": [{"text": "the Taipings", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Porcelain Tower destroyed?", "id": "56e78a5637bdd419002c40e7", "answers": [{"text": "in the 19th century", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "One possibility the Tower was destroyed was to prevent it's use by a hostile enemy. What is the other possibility?", "id": "56e78a5637bdd419002c40e8", "answers": [{"text": "superstitious fear of its geomantic properties", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Besides the city wall, other famous Ming-era structures in the city included the famous Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum and Porcelain Tower, although the latter was destroyed by the Taipings in the 19th century either in order to prevent a hostile faction from using it to observe and shell the city or from superstitious fear of its geomantic properties."}], ["Di bawah Dinasti Qing (1644-1911), kawasan Nanjing dikenali sebagai Jiangning (\u6c5f\u5be7) dan berkhidmat sebagai kerusi kerajaan untuk Viceroy Liangjiang. Ia telah dikunjungi oleh maharaja Kangxi dan Qianlong beberapa kali dalam lawatan mereka ke wilayah selatan. Nanjing diserang oleh tentera British semasa penutupan Perang Opium Pertama, yang berakhir dengan Perjanjian Nanjing pada tahun 1842. Sebagai ibu kota pemberontak Taiping yang berumur sekelas Taiping Kerajaan (yang diasaskan oleh pemberontak Taiping pada pertengahan abad ke-19 Nanjing dikenali sebagai Tianjing (\u5929\u4eac, \"Modal Syurgawi\" atau \"Modal Syurga\"). <> Bilakah dinasti Qing berkuasa? || 1644-1911 <> Apa yang dipanggil Nanjing semasa dinasti Qing? Jiangning <> Apa kaisar melawat Nanjing lebih daripada sekali? || Maharaja Kangxi dan Qianlong <> Tahun berapakah Perang Opium Pertama berakhir? || 1842", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Qing dynasty in power?", "id": "56e78ed237bdd419002c412f", "answers": [{"text": "1644\u20131911", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Nanjing called during the Qing dynasty?", "id": "56e78ed237bdd419002c4130", "answers": [{"text": "Jiangning", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What emperors visited Nanjing more than once?", "id": "56e78ed237bdd419002c4132", "answers": [{"text": "the Kangxi and Qianlong emperors", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the First Opium War end?", "id": "56e78ed237bdd419002c4133", "answers": [{"text": "1842", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Under the Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), the Nanjing area was known as Jiangning (\u6c5f\u5be7) and served as the seat of government for the Viceroy of Liangjiang. It had been visited by the Kangxi and Qianlong emperors a number of times on their tours of the southern provinces. Nanjing was invaded by British troops during the close of the First Opium War, which was ended by the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842. As the capital of the brief-lived rebel Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (founded by the Taiping rebels in the mid-19th century, Nanjing was known as Tianjing (\u5929\u4eac, \"Heavenly Capital\" or \"Capital of Heaven\")."}], ["Kedua-dua wazir Qing dan raja Taiping tinggal di bangunan yang kemudiannya dikenali sebagai Istana Presiden. Apabila pasukan Qing dipimpin oleh Zeng Guofan mengambil semula bandar itu pada tahun 1864, penyembelihan besar-besaran berlaku di bandar raya ini dengan lebih 100,000 dianggarkan telah membunuh diri atau bertempur dengan kematian. Sejak Pemberontakan Taiping bermula, pasukan Qing tidak membenarkan pemberontak bercakap dialeknya untuk menyerahkan diri. Dasar pembunuhan beramai-ramai orang awam berlaku di Nanjing. <> Siapa yang tinggal di bangunan yang kemudiannya dikenali sebagai Istana Presiden? || penguasa Qing dan raja Taiping <> Bilakah pasukan Qing mengembalikan Nanjing? || 1864 <> Berapa banyak orang mati semasa tentera Qing menyerang Nanjing? || Lebih 100,000 tentera Qing tidak membenarkan pemberontak yang bercakap apa dialek menyerah? || Taiping <> Siapa pemimpin tentera Qing? || Zeng Guofan", {"qas": [{"question": "Who lived in buildings that would later come to be known as the Presidential Palace?", "id": "56e78fe637bdd419002c4143", "answers": [{"text": "the Qing viceroy and the Taiping king", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Qing troops regain Nanjing?", "id": "56e78fe637bdd419002c4144", "answers": [{"text": "1864", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people died during the Qing troops retaking of Nanjing?", "id": "56e78fe637bdd419002c4145", "answers": [{"text": "over 100,000", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Qing troops allowed no rebels who spoke what dialect to surrender?", "id": "56e78fe637bdd419002c4146", "answers": [{"text": "Taiping", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the leader of the Qing troops?", "id": "56e78fe637bdd419002c4147", "answers": [{"text": "Zeng Guofan", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Both the Qing viceroy and the Taiping king resided in buildings that would later be known as the Presidential Palace. When Qing forces led by Zeng Guofan retook the city in 1864, a massive slaughter occurred in the city with over 100,000 estimated to have committed suicide or fought to the death. Since the Taiping Rebellion began, Qing forces allowed no rebels speaking its dialect to surrender. This policy of mass murder of civilians occurred in Nanjing."}], ["Zhu Yousong, bagaimanapun, jauh lebih buruk daripada leluhurnya Zhu Yuanzhang tiga abad lebih awal. Mengatasi konflik faksi, rejimnya tidak dapat menawarkan tentangan yang berkesan kepada pasukan Qing, apabila tentera Qing, yang diketuai oleh putera Duyun Manchu mendekati Jiangnan pada musim bunga berikutnya. Hari selepas Yangzhou jatuh ke Manchu pada akhir Mei 1645, Maharaja Hongguang melarikan diri dari Nanjing, dan Istana Ming kediaman dijarah oleh penduduk setempat. Pada 6 Jun, tentera Dodo mendekati Nanjing, dan komander dari garnisun kota, Zhao the Earl of Xincheng, segera menyerahkan kota itu kepada mereka. Manchus segera memerintahkan semua penduduk lelaki bandar untuk mencukur kepala mereka di barisan Manchu. Mereka memohon sebahagian besar kota untuk bannermen, dan memusnahkan bekas Istana Ming, tetapi jika tidak, bandar itu telah terselamat daripada pembunuhan besar-besaran dan kemusnahan yang menimpa Yangzhou. <> Bilakah Maharaja Hongguang meninggalkan Nanjing, telah dikalahkan? || lewat Mei 1645 <> Siapa yang menyerahkan Nanjing kepada penceroboh pada 6 Jun? || Zhao the Earl of Xincheng <> Apa Manchu membuat semua lelaki di bandar lakukan? || mencukur kepala mereka", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Hongguang Emperor leave Nanjing, having been defeated?", "id": "56e78da500c9c71400d772a5", "answers": [{"text": "late May 1645", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who surrendered Nanjing to invaders on June 6?", "id": "56e78da500c9c71400d772a7", "answers": [{"text": "Zhao the Earl of Xincheng", "answer_start": 519}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Manchu's make all the men in the city do?", "id": "56e78da500c9c71400d772a8", "answers": [{"text": "shave their heads", "answer_start": 644}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Zhu Yousong, however, fared a lot worse than his ancestor Zhu Yuanzhang three centuries earlier. Beset by factional conflicts, his regime could not offer effective resistance to Qing forces, when the Qing army, led by the Manchu prince Dodo approached Jiangnan the next spring. Days after Yangzhou fell to the Manchus in late May 1645, the Hongguang Emperor fled Nanjing, and the imperial Ming Palace was looted by local residents. On June 6, Dodo's troops approached Nanjing, and the commander of the city's garrison, Zhao the Earl of Xincheng, promptly surrendered the city to them. The Manchus soon ordered all male residents of the city to shave their heads in the Manchu queue way. They requisitioned a large section of the city for the bannermen's cantonment, and destroyed the former imperial Ming Palace, but otherwise the city was spared the mass murders and destruction that befell Yangzhou."}], ["Nanjing bersempadan dengan Yangzhou di timur laut, satu bandar hiliran apabila mengikuti bank utara Yangtze, Zhenjiang ke timur, satu bandar hiliran ketika mengikuti bank selatan Yangtze, dan Changzhou di tenggara. Di sempadan baratnya adalah wilayah Anhui, di mana Nanjing bersempadankan dengan lima kota di tingkat provinsi, Chuzhou di barat laut, Wuhu, Chaohu dan Maanshan di barat dan Xuancheng di barat daya. <> Apa bandar di timur laut Nanjing? || Yangzhou <> Apa itu tenggara Nanjing? || Changzhou <> Wilayah apa di sebelah barat Nanjing? || Wilayah Anhui <> Berapa banyak bandar-bandar bersaiz prefektur di wilayah Anhui? || lima <> Bandar apakah di sempadan Nanjing ke Timur? || Zhenjiang", {"qas": [{"question": "What city is northeast of Nanjing?", "id": "56e79a5837bdd419002c4203", "answers": [{"text": "Yangzhou", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is southeast of Nanjing?", "id": "56e79a5837bdd419002c4204", "answers": [{"text": "Changzhou", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What province is to the west of Nanjing?", "id": "56e79a5837bdd419002c4205", "answers": [{"text": "Anhui province", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many prefecture-size cities are in the province of Anhui?", "id": "56e79a5837bdd419002c4206", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 295}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city is on the border of Nanjing to the East?", "id": "56e79a5837bdd419002c4207", "answers": [{"text": "Zhenjiang", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nanjing borders Yangzhou to the northeast, one town downstream when following the north bank of the Yangtze, Zhenjiang to the east, one town downstream when following the south bank of the Yangtze, and Changzhou to the southeast. On its western boundary is Anhui province, where Nanjing borders five prefecture-level cities, Chuzhou to the northwest, Wuhu, Chaohu and Maanshan to the west and Xuancheng to the southwest."}], ["Pada tahun 1937, Empayar Jepun memulakan serangan besar-besaran ke atas China setelah menyerang Manchuria pada tahun 1931, memulakan Perang Sino-Jepun Kedua (sering dianggap sebagai teater Perang Dunia II). Pasukan mereka menduduki Nanjing pada bulan Disember dan melakukan Nanking Massacre yang sistematik dan kejam (\"Rape of Nanking\"). Bahkan kanak-kanak, orang tua, dan biarawati dilaporkan telah menderita di tangan Tentara Jepang Kaisar. Jumlah kematian, termasuk anggaran yang dibuat oleh Tribunal Ketenteraan Antarabangsa untuk Timur Jauh dan Tribunal Jenayah Perang Nanjing, adalah antara 300,000 dan 350,000. Bandar itu sendiri juga rosak teruk semasa pembunuhan itu. Nanjing Memorial Hall Memorial dibina pada tahun 1985 untuk memperingati acara ini. <> Bilakah Jepun menyerang Manchuria? || 1931 <> Bilakah Jepun menyerang seluruh China? || 1937 <> Siapa yang membunuh orang awam yang tidak bersalah dalam Pembunuhan Nanking? || Tentera Jepun Imperial <> Berapa banyak yang meninggal dalam Pembunuhan Nanking? || antara 300,000 dan 350,000 <> Bilakah Nanjing Memorial Hall Memorial dibina? || 1985", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Japan invade Manchuria?", "id": "56e792e237bdd419002c417f", "answers": [{"text": "1931", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Japan invade all of China?", "id": "56e792e237bdd419002c4180", "answers": [{"text": "1937", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who killed innocent civilians in the Nanking Massacre?", "id": "56e792e237bdd419002c4181", "answers": [{"text": "the Imperial Japanese Army", "answer_start": 396}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many died in the Nanking Massacre?", "id": "56e792e237bdd419002c4182", "answers": [{"text": "between 300,000 and 350,000", "answer_start": 568}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall built?", "id": "56e792e237bdd419002c4183", "answers": [{"text": "1985", "answer_start": 708}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1937, the Empire of Japan started a full-scale invasion of China after invading Manchuria in 1931, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War (often considered a theatre of World War II). Their troops occupied Nanjing in December and carried out the systematic and brutal Nanking Massacre (the \"Rape of Nanking\"). Even children, the elderly, and nuns are reported to have suffered at the hands of the Imperial Japanese Army. The total death toll, including estimates made by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal, was between 300,000 and 350,000. The city itself was also severely damaged during the massacre. The Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall was built in 1985 to commemorate this event."}], ["Dikelilingi oleh Sungai Yangtze dan pergunungan, Nanjing juga menikmati pemandangan semulajadi yang indah. Tasik semulajadi seperti Xuanwu Lake dan Mochou Lake terletak di pusat bandar dan mudah diakses oleh orang ramai, manakala bukit-bukau seperti Purple Mountain ditutup dengan evergreens dan oaks dan menjadi tuan rumah pelbagai tapak bersejarah dan budaya. Sun Quan memindahkan modalnya ke Nanjing selepas cadangan Liu Bei sebagai Liu Bei terkesan oleh kedudukan geografi yang sempurna di Nanjing ketika berunding dengan Sun Quan. Sun Quan kemudian menamakan semula bandar dari Moling (\u79e3 \u9675) kepada Jianye (\u5efa\u9134) tidak lama kemudian. <> Apa tasik di tengah Nanjing? || Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake <> Apa jenis pokok di Purple Mountain? || evergreens and oaks <> Siapa yang meyakinkan Sun Quan untuk menjadikan Nanjing sebagai modalnya? || Liu Bei <> Apa yang menarik perhatian Liu Bei tentang Nanjing? || Nanjing kedudukan geografi yang sempurna <> Apa yang Nanjing dikelilingi? || Sungai Yangtze dan pergunungan", {"qas": [{"question": "What lakes are in the middle of Nanjing?", "id": "56e79e2e00c9c71400d773d3", "answers": [{"text": "Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of trees are on Purple Mountain?", "id": "56e79e2e00c9c71400d773d4", "answers": [{"text": "evergreens and oaks", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who convinced Sun Quan to make Nanjing his capital?", "id": "56e79e2e00c9c71400d773d5", "answers": [{"text": "Liu Bei", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What impressed Liu Bei so much about Nanjing?", "id": "56e79e2e00c9c71400d773d6", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing's impeccable geographic position", "answer_start": 438}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Nanjing surrounded by?", "id": "56e79e2e00c9c71400d773d7", "answers": [{"text": "the Yangtze River and mountains", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Surrounded by the Yangtze River and mountains, Nanjing also enjoys beautiful natural scenery. Natural lakes such as Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake are located in the centre of the city and are easily accessible to the public, while hills like Purple Mountain are covered with evergreens and oaks and host various historical and cultural sites. Sun Quan relocated his capital to Nanjing after Liu Bei's suggestion as Liu Bei was impressed by Nanjing's impeccable geographic position when negotiating an alliance with Sun Quan. Sun Quan then renamed the city from Moling (\u79e3\u9675) to Jianye (\u5efa\u9134) shortly thereafter."}], ["Beberapa hari sebelum kejatuhan bandar, Kerajaan Negara China dipindahkan ke bandar raya barat daya Chungking (Chongqing) dan meneruskan perlawanan China. Pada tahun 1940, kerajaan kolaborasi Jepun yang dikenali sebagai \"Rezab Nanjing\" atau \"Kerajaan Negara China yang Teratur\" yang diketuai oleh Wang Jingwei ditubuhkan di Nanjing sebagai saingan kepada kerajaan Chiang Kai-shek di Chongqing. Pada tahun 1946, selepas Penyerahan Jepun, KMT memindahkan kerajaan pusat ke Nanjing. <> Bilakah Kerajaan Negara China berpindah ke Chungking? || Beberapa hari sebelum kejatuhan kota <> Bilakah rejim Nanjing ditubuhkan? || 1940 <> Siapa pemimpin Rejimen Nanjing? || Wang Jingwei <> Bilakah KMT beralih ke Nanjing? || 1946 <> Apakah nama lain untuk Rejimen Nanjing? || \"Reorganisasi Kerajaan Negara China\"", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the National Government of China moved to Chungking?", "id": "56e797ad00c9c71400d77329", "answers": [{"text": "A few days before the fall of the city", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Nanjing Regime established?", "id": "56e797ad00c9c71400d7732a", "answers": [{"text": "1940", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the leader of the Nanjing Regime?", "id": "56e797ad00c9c71400d7732b", "answers": [{"text": "Wang Jingwei", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the KMT move back to Nanjing?", "id": "56e797ad00c9c71400d7732c", "answers": [{"text": "1946", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was another name for the Nanjing Regime?", "id": "56e797ad00c9c71400d7732d", "answers": [{"text": "\"Reorganized National Government of China\"", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A few days before the fall of the city, the National Government of China was relocated to the southwestern city Chungking (Chongqing) and resumed Chinese resistance. In 1940, a Japanese-collaborationist government known as the \"Nanjing Regime\" or \"Reorganized National Government of China\" led by Wang Jingwei was established in Nanjing as a rival to Chiang Kai-shek's government in Chongqing. In 1946, after the Surrender of Japan, the KMT relocated its central government back to Nanjing."}], ["Nanjing adalah persimpangan Sungai Yangtze, arteri pengangkutan air timur-timur, dan kereta api Nanjing-Beijing, arteri pengangkutan darat utara-selatan, dengan itu nama \"pintu timur dan barat, tekak di selatan dan utara\". Selain itu, bahagian barat dari julat Ningzhen terletak di Nanjing; Gunung Zhong-seperti Loong di pinggir bandar; gunung batu seperti harimau merangkak di barat bandar, dengan itu nama \"Zhong Mountain, pengeriting naga, dan Gunung Batu, seekor harimau yang berjongkok\". Encik Sun Yet-sen bercakap tentang Nanjing dalam \"Skim Konstruktif untuk Negara Kita\", \"Kedudukan Nanjing adalah indah kerana gunung, tasik dan dataran semua terintegrasi di dalamnya. Sukar untuk mencari bandar lain seperti ini. \"<> Apa jalan tengah timur-barat berhampiran Nanjing? || Sungai Yangtze <> Apa kereta api yang berjalan Selatan ke Utara dipanggil? || Nanjing-Beijing railway <> Apa gunung di timur adalah Nanjing? || Gunung Zhong <> Apa gunung terletak di sebelah barat Nanjing? || Batu Gunung <> Gunung Batu dibandingkan dengan haiwan apa? || harimau", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the east-west waterway near Nanjing?", "id": "56e79b2d00c9c71400d77383", "answers": [{"text": "Yangtze River", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the railway that runs South to North called?", "id": "56e79b2d00c9c71400d77384", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing\u2013Beijing railway", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What mountain is in the East are of Nanjing?", "id": "56e79b2d00c9c71400d77385", "answers": [{"text": "Zhong Mountain", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What mountain lies in the west of Nanjing?", "id": "56e79b2d00c9c71400d77386", "answers": [{"text": "Stone Mountain", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Stone Mountain is compared to what animal?", "id": "56e79b2d00c9c71400d77387", "answers": [{"text": "tiger", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nanjing is the intersection of Yangtze River, an east-west water transport artery, and Nanjing\u2013Beijing railway, a south-north land transport artery, hence the name \u201cdoor of the east and west, throat of the south and north\u201d. Furthermore, the west part of the Ningzhen range is in Nanjing; the Loong-like Zhong Mountain is curling in the east of the city; the tiger-like Stone Mountain is crouching in the west of the city, hence the name \u201cthe Zhong Mountain, a dragon curling, and the Stone Mountain, a tiger crouching\u201d. Mr. Sun Yet-sen spoke highly of Nanjing in the \u201cConstructive Scheme for Our Country\u201d, \u201cThe position of Nanjing is wonderful since mountains, lakes and plains all integrated in it. It is hard to find another city like this.\u201d"}], ["Nanjing dikurniakan sumber semula jadi yang kaya, termasuk lebih daripada 40 jenis mineral. Antaranya, rizab besi dan sulfur membentuk 40 peratus daripada wilayah Jiangsu. Rizabnya strontium pertama di Asia Timur dan rantau Asia Tenggara. Nanjing juga mempunyai sumber air yang banyak, baik dari Sungai Yangtze dan air bawah tanah. Di samping itu, terdapat beberapa mata air panas semula jadi seperti Tangshan Hot Spring di Jiangning dan Spring Hot Tangquan di Pukou. <> Berapa banyak jenis mineral yang terdapat di Nanjing? || 40 <> Yang manakah terdiri daripada 40 peratus daripada mereka di wilayah itu? || besi dan belerang <> Untuk apa rizab mineral apa yang Nanjing menduduki peringkat pertama di kedua-dua kawasan Asia Timur dan Asia Tenggara? || strontium <> Apa sumber utama air Nanjing? || Sungai Yangtze dan air bawah tanah <> Apa air panas ada di Jiangning? || Tangshan Hot Spring", {"qas": [{"question": "How many types of minerals are found in Nanjing?", "id": "56e79d0e37bdd419002c4235", "answers": [{"text": "40", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which minerals comprise 40 percent of those in the province?", "id": "56e79d0e37bdd419002c4236", "answers": [{"text": "iron and sulfur", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what mineral reserve does Nanjing rank first in both East Asia and the South East Asia areas?", "id": "56e79d0e37bdd419002c4237", "answers": [{"text": "strontium", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are Nanjing's main water sources?", "id": "56e79d0e37bdd419002c4238", "answers": [{"text": "the Yangtze River and groundwater", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What hot spring is in Jiangning?", "id": "56e79d0e37bdd419002c4239", "answers": [{"text": "Tangshan Hot Spring", "answer_start": 412}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nanjing is endowed with rich natural resources, which include more than 40 kinds of minerals. Among them, iron and sulfur reserves make up 40 percent of those of Jiangsu province. Its reserves of strontium rank first in East Asia and the South East Asia region. Nanjing also possesses abundant water resources, both from the Yangtze River and groundwater. In addition, it has several natural hot springs such as Tangshan Hot Spring in Jiangning and Tangquan Hot Spring in Pukou."}], ["Pada 21 April, pasukan komunis melintasi Sungai Yangtze. Pada 23 April 1949, Tentera Pembebasan Rakyat Komunis (PLA) menawan Nanjing. Kerajaan KMT berundur ke Canton (Guangzhou) sehingga 15 Oktober, Chongqing sehingga 25 November, dan kemudian Chengdu sebelum berundur ke Taiwan pada 10 Disember. Pada akhir 1949, PLA sedang mengejar sisa-sisa KMT yang memaksa ke selatan di selatan China, dan hanya Tibet ditinggalkan. Selepas penubuhan Republik Rakyat China pada bulan Oktober 1949, Nanjing pada mulanya adalah perbandaran tingkat provinsi, tetapi ia kemudiannya digabungkan menjadi wilayah Jiangsu dan sekali lagi menjadi ibu kota dengan menggantikan Zhenjiang yang dipindahkan pada tahun 1928, dan mengekalkan status itu hari ini. <> Bilakah tentera Komunis menyeberangi Sungai Yangtze? || 21 April <> Ketika Nanjing ditawan oleh Tentera Pembebasan Rakyat Komunis (PLA)? || 23 April 1949 <> Di manakah kerajaan KMT kekal sehingga 15 Oktober? || Canton (Guangzhou) <> Bilakah ketua kerajaan KMT ke Taiwan? || 10 Disember <> Bilakah terbentuknya Republik Rakyat China? || Oktober 1949", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Communist troops cross the Yangtze River?", "id": "56e7989c37bdd419002c41d3", "answers": [{"text": "21 April", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Nanjing conquered by the Communist People's Liberation Army (PLA)?", "id": "56e7989c37bdd419002c41d4", "answers": [{"text": "April 23, 1949", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the KMT government stay until October 15?", "id": "56e7989c37bdd419002c41d5", "answers": [{"text": "Canton (Guangzhou)", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the KMT government head to Taiwan?", "id": "56e7989c37bdd419002c41d6", "answers": [{"text": "December 10", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the People's Republic of China formed?", "id": "56e7989c37bdd419002c41d7", "answers": [{"text": "October 1949", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 21 April, Communist forces crossed the Yangtze River. On April 23, 1949, the Communist People's Liberation Army (PLA) captured Nanjing. The KMT government retreated to Canton (Guangzhou) until October 15, Chongqing until November 25, and then Chengdu before retreating to Taiwan on December 10. By late 1949, the PLA was pursuing remnants of KMT forces southwards in southern China, and only Tibet was left. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in October 1949, Nanjing was initially a province-level municipality, but it was soon merged into Jiangsu province and again became the provincial capital by replacing Zhenjiang which was transferred in 1928, and retains that status to this day."}], ["Nanjing, dengan jumlah kawasan seluas 6,598 kilometer persegi (2,548 meter persegi), terletak di kawasan pedalaman di bahagian bawah Sungai Yangtze, dan di Yangtze River Delta, salah satu zon ekonomi terbesar di China. Sungai Yangtze mengalir ke arah barat dan kemudian di sebelah utara Nanjing City, sementara Ningzheng Ridge mengelilingi utara, timur dan selatan bandar. Bandar ini adalah 300 kilometer (190 mi) barat-barat laut Shanghai, 1,200 kilometer (750 mi) tenggara Beijing, dan 1,400 kilometer (870 mi) timur-timur laut Chongqing. Sungai Yangtze hilir mengalir dari Jiujiang, Jiangxi, melalui Anhui dan Jiangsu ke Laut Timur, utara ke lembangan saliran di hilir Yangtze adalah lembah Sungai Huai dan selatan ke lembah Zhe River, dan mereka dihubungkan oleh Grand Canal timur ke Nanjing. Kawasan sekitar Nanjing dipanggil Hsiajiang (\u4e0b\u6c5f, Hilir Sungai), dengan Jianghuai (\u6c5f\u6dee) menekankan bahagian utara dan Jiangzhe (\u6c5f\u6d59) menekankan bahagian selatan. Wilayah ini juga dikenali sebagai Dongnan (\u6771\u5357, Tenggara, Tenggara) dan Jiangnan (\u6c5f\u5357, Sungai Selatan, selatan Yangtze). <> Seberapa besar Nanjing, dalam batu? || 2,548 meter persegi <> Di mana Sungai Yangtze mengalir di Nanjing? || melewati sebelah barat dan kemudian sebelah utara <> Seberapa jauh Nanjing dari Shanghai, dalam batu? || 190 km <> sejauh mana Nanjing dari Beijing? || 750 mi <> Apa nama kawasan tanah sekitar Nanjing? || Rantau Hsiajiang (\u4e0b\u6c5f, hilir sungai)", {"qas": [{"question": "How large is Nanjing, in miles?", "id": "56e7997100c9c71400d7735b", "answers": [{"text": "2,548 sq mi", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the Yangtze River flow in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7997100c9c71400d7735c", "answers": [{"text": "past the west side and then north side", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How far is Nanjing from Shanghai, in miles?", "id": "56e7997100c9c71400d7735d", "answers": [{"text": "190 mi", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How far is Nanjing from Beijing?", "id": "56e7997100c9c71400d7735e", "answers": [{"text": "750 mi", "answer_start": 469}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the area of land around Nanjing?", "id": "56e7997100c9c71400d7735f", "answers": [{"text": "Hsiajiang (\u4e0b\u6c5f, Downstream River) region", "answer_start": 857}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nanjing, with a total land area of 6,598 square kilometres (2,548 sq mi), is situated in the heartland of drainage area of lower reaches of Yangtze River, and in Yangtze River Delta, one of the largest economic zones of China. The Yangtze River flows past the west side and then north side of Nanjing City, while the Ningzheng Ridge surrounds the north, east and south side of the city. The city is 300 kilometres (190 mi) west-northwest of Shanghai, 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) south-southeast of Beijing, and 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) east-northeast of Chongqing. The downstream Yangtze River flows from Jiujiang, Jiangxi, through Anhui and Jiangsu to East Sea, north to drainage basin of downstream Yangtze is Huai River basin and south to it is Zhe River basin, and they are connected by the Grand Canal east to Nanjing. The area around Nanjing is called Hsiajiang (\u4e0b\u6c5f, Downstream River) region, with Jianghuai (\u6c5f\u6dee) stressing northern part and Jiangzhe (\u6c5f\u6d59) stressing southern part. The region is also known as Dongnan (\u6771\u5357, South East, the Southeast) and Jiangnan (\u6c5f\u5357, River South, south of Yangtze)."}], ["Gelombang asap yang lebat bermula di bahagian tengah dan timur China pada 2 Disember 2013 merentas jarak sekitar 1,200 kilometer (750 mi), termasuk Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanghai dan Zhejiang. Kekurangan aliran udara sejuk, digabungkan dengan massa udara bergerak perlahan yang membawa pelepasan industri, mengumpul bahan pencemar udara untuk membentuk lapisan asap tebal di rantau ini. Asap pusat dan selatan Jiangsu, khususnya di dan sekitar Nanjing, dengan pencemaran Indeks AQI di \"teruk tercemar\" selama lima hari berturut-turut dan \"sangat tercemar\" selama sembilan tahun. Pada 3 Disember 2013, tahap purata partikulat PM2.5 melebihi 943 mikrogram bagi satu meter padu, jatuh ke lebih daripada 338 mikrogram setiap meter padu pada 4 Disember 2013. Antara 3:00 petang, 3 Disember dan 2:00 petang, 4 Disember waktu tempatan , beberapa lebuhraya dari Nanjing ke bandar-bandar lain Jiangsu telah ditutup, mencatatkan berpuluh-puluh bas penumpang di stesen bas Zhongyangmen. Dari 5 hingga 6 Disember, Nanjing mengeluarkan isyarat merah untuk pencemaran udara dan menutup semua tadika melalui sekolah menengah. Perkhidmatan Hospital Rakit Kanak-Kanak meningkat sebanyak 33 peratus; Kejadian umum bronkitis, radang paru-paru, jangkitan saluran pernafasan atas meningkat dengan ketara. Smog yang hilang 12 Disember. Pegawai menyalahkan pencemaran padat kekurangan angin, pelepasan ekzos kereta di bawah tekanan udara rendah, dan sistem pemanasan daerah berkuasa arang batu di rantau Utara China. Angin kencang meniupkan jisim udara yang berpenduduk rendah (terutamanya SO2) ke arah pantai timur China. <> Bilakah gelombang hitam yang tebal muncul di China Tengah dan Timur? || 2 Disember 2013 <> Berapa lama kedudukan Nanjing sebagai \"teruk tercemar\" semasa gelombang ini? || lima hari berturut-turut <> Pada hari-hari apakah Nanjing perlu mengeluarkan Red Alert kerana pencemaran udara yang teruk? || Dari 5 hingga 6 Disember", {"qas": [{"question": "When did a thick wave of smog first appear in Central and Eastern China?", "id": "56e79f5337bdd419002c4271", "answers": [{"text": "2 December 2013", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long was Nanjing ranked as \"severely polluted\" during this wave?", "id": "56e79f5337bdd419002c4272", "answers": [{"text": "five straight days", "answer_start": 548}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what days did Nanjing have to issue a Red Alert because of the severe air pollution?", "id": "56e79f5337bdd419002c4273", "answers": [{"text": "From 5 to 6 December", "answer_start": 965}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A dense wave of smog began in the Central and Eastern part of China on 2 December 2013 across a distance of around 1,200 kilometres (750 mi), including Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanghai and Zhejiang. A lack of cold air flow, combined with slow-moving air masses carrying industrial emissions, collected airborne pollutants to form a thick layer of smog over the region. The heavy smog heavily polluted central and southern Jiangsu Province, especially in and around Nanjing, with its AQI pollution Index at \"severely polluted\" for five straight days and \"heavily polluted\" for nine. On 3 December 2013, levels of PM2.5 particulate matter average over 943 micrograms per cubic metre, falling to over 338 micrograms per cubic metre on 4 December 2013. Between 3:00 pm, 3 December and 2:00pm, 4 December local time, several expressways from Nanjing to other Jiangsu cities were closed, stranding dozens of passenger buses in Zhongyangmen bus station. From 5 to 6 December, Nanjing issued a red alert for air pollution and closed down all kindergarten through middle schools. Children's Hospital outpatient services increased by 33 percent; general incidence of bronchitis, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections significantly increased. The smog dissipated 12 December. Officials blamed the dense pollution on lack of wind, automobile exhaust emissions under low air pressure, and coal-powered district heating system in North China region. Prevailing winds blew low-hanging air masses of factory emissions (mostly SO2) towards China's east coast."}], ["Nanjing mempunyai iklim subtropika lembap (K\u00f6ppen Cfa) dan berada di bawah pengaruh monsun Asia Timur. Empat musim berbeza, dengan keadaan lembap yang dilihat sepanjang tahun, musim panas yang sangat panas dan lembab, musim sejuk, lembap yang lembap, dan di antara, musim bunga dan musim luruh adalah panjang yang munasabah. Bersama-sama dengan Chongqing dan Wuhan, Nanjing secara tradisinya dirujuk sebagai salah satu daripada \"Three Furnacelike Cities\" di sepanjang Sungai Yangtze (\u957f\u6c5f \u6728\u57df \u4e09\u5927 \u706b\u7089) untuk suhu yang tinggi setiap musim panas. Walau bagaimanapun, masa dari pertengahan bulan Jun hingga akhir bulan Julai adalah musim mekar yang mekar di mana meiyu (musim hujan di Asia Timur, secara literal \"hujan lebat\") berlaku, di mana bandar mengalami hujan yang sederhana juga sebagai kelembapan. Topan tidak biasa tetapi mungkin di peringkat akhir musim panas dan awal musim luruh. Suhu purata tahunan adalah sekitar 15.46 \u00b0 C (59.8 \u00b0 F), dengan suhu purata 24 jam setiap bulan dari 2.4 \u00b0 C (36.3 \u00b0 F) pada bulan Januari hingga 27.8 \u00b0 C (82.0 \u00b0 F) pada bulan Julai. Ekstrem sejak 1951 berkisar antara -14.0 \u00b0 C (6 \u00b0 F) pada 6 Januari 1955 kepada 40.7 \u00b0 C (105 \u00b0 F) pada 22 Ogos 1959. Purata hujan turun 115 hari dalam setahun, dan hujan tahunan purata 1,062 milimeter (42 in). Dengan bulanan sinar bulanan yang mungkin bermula dari 37 peratus pada bulan Mac hingga 52 peratus pada bulan Ogos, bandar menerima 1,983 jam cahaya matahari yang terang setiap tahun. <> Apa jenis iklim yang dinikmati Nanjing? || iklim subtropika lembap <> Apa monsun menjejaskan Nanjing? || monsun Asia Timur <> Nanjing adalah salah satu daripada tiga bandar \"Furnacelike\". Apakah dua bandar yang lain? || Chongqing dan Wuhan <> Berapa banyak hujan hujan di Nanjing mendapat setahun, secara purata? || 115 hari <> Berapa jam cahaya matahari yang cerah beroperasi di Nanjing setiap tahun? || 1,983 jam", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of climate does Nanjing enjoy?", "id": "56e79c1c00c9c71400d773a1", "answers": [{"text": "a humid subtropical climate", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What monsoon affects Nanjing?", "id": "56e79c1c00c9c71400d773a2", "answers": [{"text": "the East Asian monsoon", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Nanjing is one of three \"Furnacelike\" cities. What are the other two cities?", "id": "56e79c1c00c9c71400d773a3", "answers": [{"text": "Chongqing and Wuhan", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many days of rain does Nanjing get a year, on average?", "id": "56e79c1c00c9c71400d773a4", "answers": [{"text": "115 days", "answer_start": 1142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many hours of bright sunshine does Nanjing get each year?", "id": "56e79c1c00c9c71400d773a5", "answers": [{"text": "1,983 hours", "answer_start": 1345}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nanjing has a humid subtropical climate (K\u00f6ppen Cfa) and is under the influence of the East Asian monsoon. The four seasons are distinct, with damp conditions seen throughout the year, very hot and muggy summers, cold, damp winters, and in between, spring and autumn are of reasonable length. Along with Chongqing and Wuhan, Nanjing is traditionally referred to as one of the \"Three Furnacelike Cities\" along the Yangtze River (\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u4e09\u5927\u706b\u7089) for the perennially high temperatures in the summertime. However, the time from mid-June to the end of July is the plum blossom blooming season in which the meiyu (rainy season of East Asia; literally \"plum rain\") occurs, during which the city experiences a period of mild rain as well as dampness. Typhoons are uncommon but possible in the late stages of summer and early part of autumn. The annual mean temperature is around 15.46 \u00b0C (59.8 \u00b0F), with the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranging from 2.4 \u00b0C (36.3 \u00b0F) in January to 27.8 \u00b0C (82.0 \u00b0F) in July. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from \u221214.0 \u00b0C (7 \u00b0F) on 6 January 1955 to 40.7 \u00b0C (105 \u00b0F) on 22 August 1959. On average precipitation falls 115 days out of the year, and the average annual rainfall is 1,062 millimetres (42 in). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 37 percent in March to 52 percent in August, the city receives 1,983 hours of bright sunshine annually."}], ["Pada masa ini, nama penuh kerajaan Nanjing adalah \"Kerajaan Rakyat Bandaraya Nanjing\" dan bandar ini berada di bawah kuasa satu pihak CPC, dengan CPC Setiausaha Jawatankuasa CPC sebagai gabenor de facto bandaraya dan datuk bandar sebagai ketua eksekutif kerajaan yang bekerja di bawah setiausaha. <> Apa nama penuh untuk kerajaan Nanjing? || \"Kerajaan Rakyat Bandar Nanjing\" <> Berapa banyak pihak memerintah Nanjing? || satu pihak <> Parti mana yang memerintah Nanjing? || CPC <> Siapa yang dianggap gabenor Nanjing? || Setiausaha Jawatankuasa CPC Nanjing <> yang merupakan ketua eksekutif Nanjing, yang bekerja di bawah setiausaha? || Datuk Bandar", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the full name for Nanjing's government?", "id": "56e7a01d37bdd419002c4282", "answers": [{"text": "\"People's Government of Nanjing City\"", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many parties rule Nanjing?", "id": "56e7a01d37bdd419002c4283", "answers": [{"text": "one-party", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What party rules Nanjing?", "id": "56e7a01d37bdd419002c4284", "answers": [{"text": "the CPC", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is considered to be the governor of Nanjing?", "id": "56e7a01d37bdd419002c4285", "answers": [{"text": "the CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "who is the executive leader of Nanjing, working under the secretary?", "id": "56e7a01d37bdd419002c4286", "answers": [{"text": "the mayor", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At present, the full name of the government of Nanjing is \"People's Government of Nanjing City\" and the city is under the one-party rule of the CPC, with the CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary as the de facto governor of the city and the mayor as the executive head of the government working under the secretary."}], ["Menurut Banci Keenam China, jumlah penduduk Bandaraya Nanjing mencapai 8.005 juta pada tahun 2010. Statistik pada 2011 menganggarkan jumlah penduduk menjadi 8.11 juta. Kadar kelahiran adalah 8.86 peratus dan kadar kematian ialah 6.88 peratus. Kawasan bandar mempunyai penduduk sebanyak 6.47 juta orang. Nisbah seks penduduk bandar adalah 107.31 orang kepada 100 orang perempuan. <> Apakah penduduk Nanjing pada tahun 2010? || 8.005 juta <> Berapa anggaran penduduk Nanjing pada tahun 2011? || 8.11 juta <> Bagaimana angka penduduk pada tahun 2010 diperoleh? || Banci Keenam China <> Apakah kadar kelahiran Nanjing? || 8.86 peratus <> Berapa banyak orang yang dianggap tinggal di bahagian bandar Nanjing? || 6.47 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the population of Nanjing in 2010?", "id": "56e7a0d637bdd419002c428c", "answers": [{"text": "8.005 million", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the estimated population of Nanjing in 2011?", "id": "56e7a0d637bdd419002c428d", "answers": [{"text": "8.11 million", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How was the population figure for 2010 obtained?", "id": "56e7a0d637bdd419002c428e", "answers": [{"text": "the Sixth China Census", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Nanjing's birth rate?", "id": "56e7a0d637bdd419002c428f", "answers": [{"text": "8.86 percent", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were considered to be living in the urban portion of Nanjing?", "id": "56e7a0d637bdd419002c4290", "answers": [{"text": "6.47 million", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to the Sixth China Census, the total population of the City of Nanjing reached 8.005 million in 2010. The statistics in 2011 estimated the total population to be 8.11 million. The birth rate was 8.86 percent and the death rate was 6.88 percent. The urban area had a population of 6.47 million people. The sex ratio of the city population was 107.31 males to 100 females."}], ["Seperti kebanyakan di timur China, solek etnik Nanjing adalah kebangsaan Han (98.56 peratus), dengan 50 kebangsaan minoriti yang lain. Pada tahun 1999, 77,394 penduduk kepunyaan minoriti kebangsaan, di mana majoriti (64,832) adalah kebangsaan Hui, menyumbang 83.76 peratus kepada penduduk minoriti. Kumpulan minoriti terbesar kedua dan ketiga adalah Manchu (2,311) dan Zhuang (533) kebangsaan. Kebanyakan warga negara minoriti tinggal di Daerah Jianye, yang terdiri daripada 9.13 peratus daripada penduduk daerah. <> Apakah majoriti etnik di Nanjing? || Kebangsaan Han <> Apa kebangsaan minoriti yang paling biasa? || Hui kebangsaan <> Apakah kumpulan minoriti kedua yang paling biasa di Nanjing? || Manchu <> Berapa ramai keturunan Manchu tinggal di Nanjing? || 2,311 <> Berapa banyak jenis kebangsaan minoriti yang terdapat di Nanjing? || 50", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the overwhelming ethnic majority in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7a1d137bdd419002c4296", "answers": [{"text": "Han nationality", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What minority nationality is most common?", "id": "56e7a1d137bdd419002c4297", "answers": [{"text": "Hui nationalities", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the second most common minority group in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7a1d137bdd419002c4298", "answers": [{"text": "Manchu", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people of Manchu descent live in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7a1d137bdd419002c4299", "answers": [{"text": "2,311", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many minority nationality types does Nanjing contain?", "id": "56e7a1d137bdd419002c429a", "answers": [{"text": "50", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As in most of eastern China the ethnic makeup of Nanjing is predominantly Han nationality (98.56 percent), with 50 other minority nationalities. In 1999, 77,394 residents belonged to minority nationalities, among which the vast majority (64,832) were Hui nationalities, contributing 83.76 percent to the minority population. The second and third largest minority groups were Manchu (2,311) and Zhuang (533) nationalities. Most of the minority nationalities resided in Jianye District, comprising 9.13 percent of the district's population."}], ["Dalam tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini, Nanjing telah membangunkan ekonomi, perdagangan, industri, serta pembinaan bandar. Pada tahun 2013, KDNK bandar adalah RMB 801 bilion (ke-3 di Jiangsu), dan KDNK per kapita (harga semasa) adalah RMB 98,174 (US $ 16041), peningkatan sebanyak 11 peratus daripada 2012. Purata pendapatan boleh guna pemastautin bandar adalah RMB 36,200 Purata pendapatan bersih pemastautin luar bandar ialah RMB 14,513. Kadar pengangguran bandar berdaftar adalah 3.02 peratus, lebih rendah daripada purata kebangsaan (4.3 peratus). Produk Domestik Kasar Nanjing menduduki tempat ke-12 pada 2013 di China, dan kecekapan keseluruhannya menduduki tempat ke-6 di tanah besar dan ke-8 termasuk Taiwan dan Hong Kong pada tahun 2009. <> Apakah KDNK Nanjing pada tahun 2013? || RMB 801 bilion <> Apakah KDNK Nanjing setiap orang pada tahun 2013? || RMB 98,174 (US $ 16041) <> Adakah KDNK pada tahun 2013 meningkat atau turun pada tahun 2012? || tambah <> Bagaimana kadar pengangguran Nanjing, berbanding dengan negara secara keseluruhan? || lebih rendah daripada purata kebangsaan <> Apakah kedudukan KDNK Nanjing di seluruh China pada tahun 2013? || 12th", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Nanjing's GDP in 2013?", "id": "56e7a7dc37bdd419002c42d2", "answers": [{"text": "RMB 801 billion", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Nanjing's GDP per person in 2013?", "id": "56e7a7dc37bdd419002c42d3", "answers": [{"text": "RMB 98,174(US$16041)", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Was the GDP in 2013 an increase or decrease over 2012's levels?", "id": "56e7a7dc37bdd419002c42d4", "answers": [{"text": "increase", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How was Nanjing's unemployment rate, compared to the nation as a whole?", "id": "56e7a7dc37bdd419002c42d5", "answers": [{"text": "lower than the national average", "answer_start": 444}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Nanjing's GDP ranking in all of China for 2013?", "id": "56e7a7dc37bdd419002c42d6", "answers": [{"text": "12th", "answer_start": 531}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In recent years, Nanjing has been developing its economy, commerce, industry, as well as city construction. In 2013 the city's GDP was RMB 801 billion (3rd in Jiangsu), and GDP per capita(current price) was RMB 98,174(US$16041), a 11 percent increase from 2012. The average urban resident's disposable income was RMB 36,200, while the average rural resident's net income was RMB 14,513. The registered urban unemployment rate was 3.02 percent, lower than the national average (4.3 percent). Nanjing's Gross Domestic Product ranked 12th in 2013 in China, and its overall competence ranked 6th in mainland and 8th including Taiwan and Hong Kong in 2009."}], ["Nanjing adalah hab pengangkutan di timur China dan kawasan Sungai Yangtze hilir. Cara pengangkutan yang berbeza merupakan sistem pengangkutan tiga dimensi yang merangkumi tanah, air dan udara. Seperti kebanyakan bandar-bandar China yang lain, pengangkutan awam adalah cara perjalanan utama majoriti rakyat. Sehingga Oktober 2014, Nanjing mempunyai lima jambatan dan dua terowong di Sungai Yangtze, yang mengikat daerah utara sungai dengan pusat bandar di tebing selatan. <> Apakah tiga jenis pengangkutan di Nanjing? || tanah, air dan udara <> Apakah kaedah perjalanan yang paling popular bagi warganegara? || pengangkutan awam <> Berapa banyak jambatan yang ada di Nanjing di Sungai Yangtze? || lima <> Berapa banyak terowong yang ada di Nanjing di Sungai Yangtze? || dua <> Di mana pusat bandar terletak? || di tebing selatan", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the three types of transport in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7a86a00c9c71400d7748f", "answers": [{"text": "land, water and air", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the most popular method of travel for citizens?", "id": "56e7a86a00c9c71400d77490", "answers": [{"text": "public transportation", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many bridges does Nanjing have over the Yangtze River?", "id": "56e7a86a00c9c71400d77491", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many tunnels does Nanjing have over the Yangtze River?", "id": "56e7a86a00c9c71400d77492", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the city centre located?", "id": "56e7a86a00c9c71400d77493", "answers": [{"text": "on the south bank", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nanjing is the transportation hub in eastern China and the downstream Yangtze River area. Different means of transportation constitute a three-dimensional transport system that includes land, water and air. As in most other Chinese cities, public transportation is the dominant mode of travel of the majority of the citizens. As of October 2014, Nanjing had five bridges and two tunnels over the Yangtze River, which are tying districts north of the river with the city centre on the south bank."}], ["Sejak zaman Tiga Kerajaan, Nanjing telah menjadi pusat perindustrian untuk tekstil dan minting kerana lokasi geografi yang strategik dan pengangkutan yang mudah. Semasa dinasti Ming, industri Nanjing terus berkembang, dan bandar ini menjadi salah satu kota yang paling makmur di China dan dunia. Ia membawa tekstil, pencetakan, percetakan, pembinaan kapal dan banyak industri lain, dan merupakan pusat perniagaan tersibuk di Asia Timur. Tekstil melantun terutamanya dalam dinasti Qing, industri mencipta sekitar 200 ribu pekerjaan dan ada sekitar 50 ribu mesin satin di bandar pada abad ke-18 dan ke-19. <> Sebagai tambahan kepada tekstil, apa industri lain yang dikenali Nanjing, sejak tempoh Tiga Kerajaan? || minting <> Mengapa Nanjing begitu kuat dalam tekstil dan minting? || lokasi geografi yang strategik dan pengangkutan yang selesa <> Semasa dinasti apa Nanjing adalah pusat perniagaan terbesar di seluruh Asia Timur? || Ming <> Dalam apa dinasti yang tekstil sangat popular? || Qing <> Semasa ledakan tekstil, berapa banyak pekerjaan yang dicipta? || sekitar 200 ribu pekerjaan", {"qas": [{"question": "In addition to textiles, what other industry is Nanjing known for, since the Three Kingdoms period?", "id": "56e7a2d137bdd419002c42aa", "answers": [{"text": "minting", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why is Nanjing so strong in textiles and minting?", "id": "56e7a2d137bdd419002c42ab", "answers": [{"text": "its strategic geographical location and convenient transportation", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what dynasty was Nanjing the biggest business center in all of East Asia?", "id": "56e7a2d137bdd419002c42ac", "answers": [{"text": "Ming", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what dynasty were textiles particularly popular?", "id": "56e7a2d137bdd419002c42ad", "answers": [{"text": "Qing", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the textile boom, how many jobs were created?", "id": "56e7a2d137bdd419002c42ae", "answers": [{"text": "around 200 thousand jobs", "answer_start": 512}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Since the Three Kingdoms period, Nanjing has been an industrial centre for textiles and minting owing to its strategic geographical location and convenient transportation. During the Ming dynasty, Nanjing's industry was further expanded, and the city became one of the most prosperous cities in China and the world. It led in textiles, minting, printing, shipbuilding and many other industries, and was the busiest business center in East Asia. Textiles boomed particularly in Qing dynasty, the industry created around 200 thousand jobs and there were about 50 thousand satin machines in the city in 18th and 19th century."}], ["Nanjing adalah hab kereta api penting di timur China. Ia berfungsi sebagai persimpangan kereta api untuk Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu) yang merupakan kereta api Jinpu dan Huning lama, Nanjing-Tongling Railway (Ningtong), Nanjing-Qidong (Ningqi) dan Nanjing-Xian (Ningxi) yang merangkumi Kereta Api Hefei-Nanjing. Nanjing dihubungkan dengan rangkaian keretapi berkelajuan tinggi nasional oleh Keretapi Berkelajuan Tinggi Beijing-Shanghai dan Line-Dedicated Line Shanghai-Wuhan-Chengdu, dengan beberapa lagi laluan kereta api berkelajuan tinggi yang sedang dibina. <> Kereta api Nanjing adalah penting, dan terletak di rantau China? || timur China <> Barisan apa Nanjing berfungsi sebagai persimpangan keretapi? || Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu) <> Barisan apa yang terdiri daripada garis Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu)? || kereta lama Jinpu dan Huning <> Apa kereta api berkelajuan tinggi yang dihubungkan ke Nanjing yang mengandungi Shanghai? || Line-Dedicated Line Shanghai-Wuhan-Chengdu <> Apa jenis jalur kereta api yang sedang dibina? || beberapa lagi kereta api berkelajuan tinggi", {"qas": [{"question": "Nanjing's railway is important, and is located in what region of China?", "id": "56e7a96937bdd419002c42e6", "answers": [{"text": "eastern China", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What line does Nanjing serve as a railway junction for?", "id": "56e7a96937bdd419002c42e7", "answers": [{"text": "Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu)", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What lines comprise the Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu) line?", "id": "56e7a96937bdd419002c42e8", "answers": [{"text": "the old Jinpu and Huning Railways", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What high-speed railway is Nanjing connected to that contains Shanghai?", "id": "56e7a96937bdd419002c42e9", "answers": [{"text": "Shanghai\u2013Wuhan\u2013Chengdu Passenger Dedicated Line", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of railway lines are now under construction?", "id": "56e7a96937bdd419002c42ea", "answers": [{"text": "several more high-speed rail lines", "answer_start": 478}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nanjing is an important railway hub in eastern China. It serves as rail junction for the Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu) (which is itself composed of the old Jinpu and Huning Railways), Nanjing\u2013Tongling Railway (Ningtong), Nanjing\u2013Qidong (Ningqi), and the Nanjing-Xian (Ningxi) which encompasses the Hefei\u2013Nanjing Railway. Nanjing is connected to the national high-speed railway network by Beijing\u2013Shanghai High-Speed Railway and Shanghai\u2013Wuhan\u2013Chengdu Passenger Dedicated Line, with several more high-speed rail lines under construction."}], ["Pada separuh pertama abad kedua puluh selepas penubuhan ROC, Nanjing secara beransur-ansur beralih dari menjadi hab pengeluaran ke arah menjadi bandar penggunaan yang berat, terutamanya kerana perkembangan pesat penduduknya yang kaya selepas Nanjing sekali lagi mendapat semula perhatian politik China. Sejumlah gedung besar seperti Zhongyang Shangchang tumbuh, menarik para pedagang dari seluruh China untuk menjual produk mereka di Nanjing. Pada tahun 1933, hasil yang dijana oleh industri makanan dan hiburan di bandar melebihi jumlah pengeluaran industri pembuatan dan pertanian. Satu pertiga penduduk bandar bekerja dalam industri perkhidmatan,. <> Dalam tempoh masa apakah Nanjing mengubah dari pengeluar ke lebih banyak bandar pengguna? || Ke separuh pertama abad kedua puluh <> Apa yang kebanyakannya menyebabkan peralihan ke bandar pengguna? || perkembangan pesat penduduknya yang kaya <> Apa itu Zhongyang Shangchang? || kedai serbaneka yang besar <> Dalam tahun berapakah pendapatan makanan dan hiburan gerhana pengeluaran industri? || 1933 <> Berapa banyak penduduk yang bekerja dalam kapasiti perkhidmatan ketika itu? || Satu pertiga penduduk bandar", {"qas": [{"question": "In what time period did Nanjing transform from a producer to more of a consumer city?", "id": "56e7a3f737bdd419002c42b4", "answers": [{"text": "Into the first half of the twentieth century", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What mostly caused the shift to a consumer city?", "id": "56e7a3f737bdd419002c42b5", "answers": [{"text": "the rapid expansion of its wealthy population", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Zhongyang Shangchang?", "id": "56e7a3f737bdd419002c42b6", "answers": [{"text": "huge department stores", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the revenue of food and entertainment eclipse the output of industry?", "id": "56e7a3f737bdd419002c42b7", "answers": [{"text": "1933", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of the population worked in a service capacity at that time?", "id": "56e7a3f737bdd419002c42b8", "answers": [{"text": "One third of the city population", "answer_start": 616}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Into the first half of the twentieth century after the establishment of ROC, Nanjing gradually shifted from being a production hub towards being a heavy consumption city, mainly because of the rapid expansion of its wealthy population after Nanjing once again regained the political spotlight of China. A number of huge department stores such as Zhongyang Shangchang sprouted up, attracting merchants from all over China to sell their products in Nanjing. In 1933, the revenue generated by the food and entertainment industry in the city exceeded the sum of the output of the manufacturing and agriculture industry. One third of the city population worked in the service industry, ."}], ["Pada tahun 1950-an selepas RRC ditubuhkan oleh CPC, kerajaan telah melabur di bandar untuk membina siri industri berat milik negara, sebagai sebahagian daripada perancangan negara industri perindustrian yang pesat, mengubahnya menjadi pusat pengeluaran industri berat di China Timur. Ketidakhadiran dalam membina sebuah bandar perindustrian \"bertaraf dunia\", kerajaan juga membuat kesilapan besar semasa pembangunan, seperti membelanjakan beratus-ratus juta yuan untuk lombong untuk arang tidak wujud, mengakibatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang negatif pada akhir 1960-an. Dari tahun 1960-an hingga 1980-an terdapat Lima Pilar Industri, iaitu elektronik, kereta, petrokimia, besi dan keluli, dan kuasa, masing-masing dengan firma milik negara besar. Selepas Pembaharuan dan Membuka pemulihan ekonomi pasaran, perusahaan milik negara mendapati mereka tidak mampu bersaing dengan firma multinasional yang cekap dan firma swasta tempatan, oleh itu sama ada terperosok dalam hutang yang berat atau dipaksa menjadi kebankrapan atau penswastaan dan ini mengakibatkan sejumlah besar pekerja pemberhentian yang secara teknikal tidak menganggur tetapi tidak menganggur secara berkesan. <> Apa yang kerajaan membina di Nanjing pada tahun 1950-an? || satu siri industri berat milik negara <> Kesilapan yang dibuat oleh kerajaan dalam tempoh ini mengakibatkan jenis pertumbuhan? || pertumbuhan ekonomi yang negatif <> Berapa banyak industri Pilar yang ada dari tahun 1960-an hingga 1980-an? || Lima <> Ketidakupayaan untuk bersaing dengan firma multinasional membawa kepada apa yang menjadi pekerja? || bilangan besar pemberhentian <> Kerajaan mahu Nanjing menjadi jenis bandar perindustrian? || \"Bertaraf dunia\"", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the government build in Nanjing during the 1950's?", "id": "56e7a55600c9c71400d7747b", "answers": [{"text": "a series of state-owned heavy industries", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The mistakes the government made during this period resulted in what type of growth?", "id": "56e7a55600c9c71400d7747c", "answers": [{"text": "negative economic growth", "answer_start": 490}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Pillar industries were there from the 1960s to the 1980s?", "id": "56e7a55600c9c71400d7747d", "answers": [{"text": "Five", "answer_start": 565}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The inability to compete with multinational firms led to what for workers?", "id": "56e7a55600c9c71400d7747e", "answers": [{"text": "large numbers of layoff", "answer_start": 977}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The government wanted Nanjing to be what kind of industrial city?", "id": "56e7a55600c9c71400d7747f", "answers": [{"text": "\u201cworld-class\u201d", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 1950s after PRC was established by CPC, the government invested heavily in the city to build a series of state-owned heavy industries, as part of the national plan of rapid industrialization, converting it into a heavy industry production centre of East China. Overenthusiastic in building a \u201cworld-class\u201d industrial city, the government also made many disastrous mistakes during development, such as spending hundreds of millions of yuan to mine for non-existent coal, resulting in negative economic growth in the late 1960s. From 1960s to 1980s there were Five Pillar Industries, namely, electronics, cars, petrochemical, iron and steel, and power, each with big state-owned firms. After the Reform and Opening recovering market economy, the state-owned enterprises found themselves incapable of competing with efficient multinational firms and local private firms, hence were either mired in heavy debt or forced into bankruptcy or privatization and this resulted in large numbers of layoff workers who were technically not unemployed but effectively jobless."}], ["Ekonomi semasa bandar pada dasarnya baru dibangunkan berdasarkan masa lalu. Industri perkhidmatan menguasai kira-kira 60 peratus daripada KDNK bandar, dan industri kewangan, industri budaya dan industri pelancongan adalah 3 daripadanya. Industri teknologi maklumat, penjimatan tenaga dan perlindungan alam sekitar, tenaga baru, grid kuasa pintar dan pembuatan peralatan pintar telah menjadi industri tiang. Firma swasta besar termasuk Suning, Yurun, Sanpower, Fuzhong, Hiteker, 5stars, Jinpu, Tiandi, CTTQ Pharmaceutical dan Simcere Pharmaceutical. Firma milik negara besar termasuk Panda Electronics, Yangzi Petrochemical, Jinling Petrochemical, Nanjing Chemical, Nanjing Steel, Jincheng Motors, Jinling Pharmaceutical, Chenguang dan NARI. Bandar ini juga telah menarik pelaburan asing, firma multinasional seperti Siemens, Ericsson, Volkswagen, Iveco, A.O. Smith, dan Sharp telah menubuhkan barisan mereka, dan beberapa syarikat multinasional seperti Ford, IBM, Lucent, Samsung dan SAP pusat penyelidikan di sana. Banyak firma terkemuka di China seperti Huawei, ZTE dan Lenovo mempunyai institusi R & D utama di bandar. Nanjing adalah pusat penyelidikan dan pembangunan teknologi perindustrian, menganjurkan banyak pusat dan institusi R & D, terutamanya dalam bidang teknologi elektronik, teknologi maklumat, perisian komputer, teknologi bioteknologi dan farmaseutikal serta teknologi bahan baru. <> Apa jenis industri sekarang dominan di Nanjing? || Industri perkhidmatan <> Berapa banyak daripada KDNK bandar yang menyumbang kepada industri perkhidmatan? || kira-kira 60 peratus <> Syarikat-syarikat seperti Huawei, ZTE dan Lenovo telah membina apa di Nanjing? || banyak pusat dan institusi R & D <> Syarikat-syarikat seperti Ford, IBM, Lucent, Samsung dan SAP telah membina apa yang di Nanjing? || pusat penyelidikan <> Industri 3 utama di Nanjing adalah? || industri kewangan, industri budaya dan industri pelancongan", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of industries are now dominant in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7a68600c9c71400d77485", "answers": [{"text": "Service industries", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of the city's GDP do the service industries contribute to?", "id": "56e7a68600c9c71400d77486", "answers": [{"text": "about 60 percent", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Companies such as Huawei, ZTE and Lenovo have built what in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7a68600c9c71400d77487", "answers": [{"text": "many R & D centers and institutions", "answer_start": 1212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Companies such as Ford, IBM, Lucent, Samsung and SAP have built what in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7a68600c9c71400d77488", "answers": [{"text": "research center", "answer_start": 1014}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The top 3 industries in Nanjing are?", "id": "56e7a68600c9c71400d77489", "answers": [{"text": "financial industry, culture industry and tourism industry", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The current economy of the city is basically newly developed based on the past. Service industries are dominating, accounting for about 60 percent of the GDP of the city, and financial industry, culture industry and tourism industry are top 3 of them. Industries of information technology, energy saving and environmental protection, new energy, smart power grid and intelligent equipment manufacturing have become pillar industries. Big private firms include Suning, Yurun, Sanpower, Fuzhong, Hiteker, 5stars, Jinpu, Tiandi, CTTQ Pharmaceutical and Simcere Pharmaceutical. Big state-owned firms include Panda Electronics, Yangzi Petrochemical, Jinling Petrochemical, Nanjing Chemical, Nanjing Steel, Jincheng Motors, Jinling Pharmaceutical, Chenguang and NARI. The city has also attracted foreign investment, multinational firms such as Siemens, Ericsson, Volkswagen, Iveco, A.O. Smith, and Sharp have established their lines, and a number of multinationals such as Ford, IBM, Lucent, Samsung and SAP established research center there. Many China-based leading firms such as Huawei, ZTE and Lenovo have key R & D institutes in the city. Nanjing is an industrial technology research and development hub, hosting many R & D centers and institutions, especially in areas of electronics technology, information technology, computer software, biotechnology and pharmaceutical technology and new material technology."}], ["Pelabuhan Nanjing adalah pelabuhan pedalaman terbesar di China, dengan jumlah kargo tahunan mencapai 191,970,000 t pada tahun 2012. Kawasan pelabuhan adalah 98 kilometer (61 mi) panjang dan mempunyai 64 dermaga termasuk 16 dermaga untuk kapal yang mempunyai lebih daripada 10,000 tan. Nanjing juga merupakan pelabuhan kontena terbesar di sepanjang Sungai Yangtze; pada bulan Mac 2004, satu juta pangkalan kapasiti kontena, Longtan Containers Port Area dibuka, selanjutnya mengukuhkan Nanjing sebagai pelabuhan utama di rantau ini. Pada tahun 2010, ia mengendalikan enam pelabuhan awam dan tiga pelabuhan perindustrian. <> Apakah pelabuhan pedalaman terbesar di China? || Pelabuhan Nanjing <> Berapa lama Pelabuhan Nanjing? || 98 kilometer (61 mi) panjang <> Berapa banyak dermaga yang mengandungi Pelabuhan? || 64 <> Bilakah Longtan Containers Port Area dibuka? || Mac 2004 <> Berapa banyak bekas boleh Longtan Containers Port Area mengendalikan? || satu juta kapasiti kontena", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the largest inland port for China?", "id": "56e7ad0337bdd419002c4318", "answers": [{"text": "Port of Nanjing", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long is the Port of Nanjing?", "id": "56e7ad0337bdd419002c4319", "answers": [{"text": "98 kilometres (61 mi) in length", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many berths does the Port contain?", "id": "56e7ad0337bdd419002c431a", "answers": [{"text": "64", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Longtan Containers Port Area open up?", "id": "56e7ad0337bdd419002c431b", "answers": [{"text": "March 2004", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many containers can Longtan Containers Port Area handle?", "id": "56e7ad0337bdd419002c431c", "answers": [{"text": "one million container-capacity", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Port of Nanjing is the largest inland port in China, with annual cargo tonnage reached 191,970,000 t in 2012. The port area is 98 kilometres (61 mi) in length and has 64 berths including 16 berths for ships with a tonnage of more than 10,000. Nanjing is also the biggest container port along the Yangtze River; in March 2004, the one million container-capacity base, Longtan Containers Port Area opened, further consolidating Nanjing as the leading port in the region. As of 2010, it operated six public ports and three industrial ports."}], ["Sebagai salah satu daripada empat ibu kota kuno di China, Nanjing sentiasa menjadi pusat kebudayaan yang menarik intelektual dari seluruh negara. Dalam Dinasti Tang dan Song, Nanjing adalah tempat di mana penyair berkumpul dan mengarang puisi yang mengingatkan masa lalu mewahnya; semasa dinasti Ming dan Qing, bandar ini adalah pusat peperiksaan imperial rasmi (Jiangnan Examination Hall) untuk wilayah Jiangnan, sekali lagi bertindak sebagai hub di mana pemikiran dan pendapat yang berbeza bertumpu dan berkembang. <> Berapa ramai ibu kota purba yang ada dalam sejarah China? || empat <> Apa jenis orang yang menarik Nanjing kerana kebudayaannya? || intelektual <> Dalam apa dinasti apakah para penyair berkumpul di Nanjing? || Dinasti Tang dan Song <> Bilakah bandar berfungsi sebagai pusat peperiksaan imperial rasmi? || Dinasti Ming dan Qing <> Apakah nama pusat peperiksaan? || Dewan Peperiksaan Jiangnan", {"qas": [{"question": "How many ancient capitals does China have in its history?", "id": "56e7aec600c9c71400d774d5", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of people does Nanjing draw because of its culture?", "id": "56e7aec600c9c71400d774d6", "answers": [{"text": "intellectuals", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what dynasties did poets congregate in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7aec600c9c71400d774d7", "answers": [{"text": "the Tang and Song dynasties", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the city serve as the official imperial examination centre?", "id": "56e7aec600c9c71400d774d8", "answers": [{"text": "the Ming and Qing dynasties", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the examination centre?", "id": "56e7aec600c9c71400d774d9", "answers": [{"text": "Jiangnan Examination Hall", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Being one of the four ancient capitals of China, Nanjing has always been a cultural centre attracting intellectuals from all over the country. In the Tang and Song dynasties, Nanjing was a place where poets gathered and composed poems reminiscent of its luxurious past; during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the city was the official imperial examination centre (Jiangnan Examination Hall) for the Jiangnan region, again acting as a hub where different thoughts and opinions converged and thrived."}], ["Jiangsu Province Kun Opera adalah salah satu teater terbaik untuk Kunqu, seni panggung tertua di China. Ia dianggap sebagai rombongan konservatif dan tradisional. Nanjing juga mempunyai kumpulan opera profesional untuk Yang, Yue (shaoxing), Xi dan Jing (jenis opera Cina) serta pingtan Suzhou, teater teater dan teater yang diucapkan. <> Apakah nama seni panggung tertua di China? || Kunqu <> Apa salah satu teater terbaik untuk Kunqu? || Jiangsu Province Kun Opera <> Apa jenis rombongan adalah Jiangsu Province Kun Opera dianggap? || sebuah kumpulan konservatif dan tradisional <> Apa jenis opera lain yang dilakukan di Nanjing? || Yang, Yue (shaoxing), Xi dan Jing <> Apa jenis prestasi teater lain yang dilihat di Nanjing? || Suzhou pingtan, teater teater dan teater yang diucapkan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of China's oldest stage art?", "id": "56e7b0b737bdd419002c4366", "answers": [{"text": "Kunqu", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one of the best theatres for Kunqu?", "id": "56e7b0b737bdd419002c4367", "answers": [{"text": "Jiangsu Province Kun Opera", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of troupe is Jiangsu Province Kun Opera considered to be?", "id": "56e7b0b737bdd419002c4368", "answers": [{"text": "a conservative and traditional troupe", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other types of operas are performed in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7b0b737bdd419002c4369", "answers": [{"text": "Yang, Yue (shaoxing), Xi and Jing", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other types of theater performance are seen in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7b0b737bdd419002c436a", "answers": [{"text": "Suzhou pingtan, spoken theatre and puppet theatre", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Jiangsu Province Kun Opera is one of the best theatres for Kunqu, China's oldest stage art. It is considered a conservative and traditional troupe. Nanjing also has professional opera troupes for the Yang, Yue (shaoxing), Xi and Jing (Chinese opera varieties) as well as Suzhou pingtan, spoken theatre and puppet theatre."}], ["Beberapa kumpulan seni terkemuka di China berpangkalan di Nanjing; mereka termasuk Syarikat Tari Qianxian, Syarikat Tari Nanjing, Jiangsu Peking Institute Institute dan Nanjing Xiaohonghua Art Company antara lain. <> Dimana beberapa kumpulan seni yang paling menonjol di negara ini memanggil pulang? || Nanjing <> Syarikat opera mana yang berpusat di Nanjing? || Jiangsu Peking Opera Institute <> Apa syarikat seni yang berpusat di Nanjing? || Nanjing Xiaohonghua Art Company <> Nama dua kumpulan tarian yang berpusat di Nanjing: || Qianxian Dance Company, Nanjing Dance Company", {"qas": [{"question": "Where do some of the country's most prominent art groups call home?", "id": "56e7afee37bdd419002c434a", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which opera company is based in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7afee37bdd419002c434b", "answers": [{"text": "Jiangsu Peking Opera Institute", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What art company is based in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7afee37bdd419002c434c", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing Xiaohonghua Art Company", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Name two dance groups that are based in Nanjing:", "id": "56e7afee37bdd419002c434d", "answers": [{"text": "the Qianxian Dance Company, Nanjing Dance Company", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some of the leading art groups of China are based in Nanjing; they include the Qianxian Dance Company, Nanjing Dance Company, Jiangsu Peking Opera Institute and Nanjing Xiaohonghua Art Company among others."}], ["Hari ini, dengan tradisi budaya yang panjang dan sokongan kuat dari institusi pendidikan tempatan, Nanjing biasanya dilihat sebagai \"bandar budaya\" dan salah satu kota yang lebih menyenangkan untuk tinggal di China. <> Bagaimana Nanjing dilihat, dari perspektif budaya? || sebagai \"bandar budaya\" <> Siapa yang memberi sokongan kuat ke Nanjing? || institusi pendidikan tempatan <> Apa bandar dianggap sebagai salah satu kota yang lebih menyenangkan untuk tinggal, oleh orang Cina? || Nanjing <> Adakah Nanjing mempunyai tradisi budaya yang panjang atau pendek? || tradisi budaya yang panjang", {"qas": [{"question": "How is Nanjing seen, from a cultural perspective?", "id": "56e7af6400c9c71400d774df", "answers": [{"text": "as a \u201ccity of culture\u201d", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who provides strong support to Nanjing?", "id": "56e7af6400c9c71400d774e0", "answers": [{"text": "local educational institutions", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city is considered one of the more pleasant cities to live in, by the Chinese?", "id": "56e7af6400c9c71400d774e1", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does Nanjing have a long or short tradition of culture?", "id": "56e7af6400c9c71400d774e2", "answers": [{"text": "a long cultural tradition", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Today, with a long cultural tradition and strong support from local educational institutions, Nanjing is commonly viewed as a \u201ccity of culture\u201d and one of the more pleasant cities to live in China."}], ["Pada tahun 1960-an, Jambatan Sungai Nanjing Yangtze pertama telah siap, dan berkhidmat sebagai satu-satunya jambatan yang melintasi di Yangtze Rendah di timur China pada masa itu. Jambatan ini merupakan sumber kebanggaan dan simbol penting dari China moden, yang telah dibina dan direka oleh orang Cina sendiri berikutan tinjauan gagal oleh negara-negara lain dan pergantungan dan penolakan kepakaran Soviet. Bermula pada tahun 1960 dan dibuka kepada trafik pada tahun 1968, jambatan itu adalah satu reka bentuk jalan dan rel dua peringkat yang merangkumi 4,600 meter di dek atas, dengan kira-kira 1,580 meter merangkumi sungai itu sendiri. Sejak itu empat lagi jambatan dan dua terowong telah dibina. Melangkah ke arah hiliran, lintasan Yangtze di Nanjing ialah: Jambatan Dashengguan, Jalur 10 Talian Metro, Jambatan Ketiga, Terowong Sungai Nanjing Yangtze, Jambatan Pertama, Jambatan Kedua dan Jambatan Keempat. <> Bilakah Jambatan Sungai Nanjing Yangtze yang pertama selesai? || 1960-an <> Apakah simbolisme jambatan itu? || simbol moden China <> Bilakah jambatan Nanjing Yangtze River pertama dibuka untuk lalu lintas? || 1968 <> Jenis reka bentuk apakah jambatan itu? || jalan dua tiang dan reka bentuk kereta api <> Berapa banyak lagi jambatan telah dibina sejak yang pertama selesai? || empat", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the very first Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge finished?", "id": "56e7adfc37bdd419002c4322", "answers": [{"text": "the 1960s", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the symbolism of the bridge?", "id": "56e7adfc37bdd419002c4323", "answers": [{"text": "symbol of modern China", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge first open for traffic?", "id": "56e7adfc37bdd419002c4324", "answers": [{"text": "1968", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of design is the bridge?", "id": "56e7adfc37bdd419002c4325", "answers": [{"text": "a two-tiered road and rail design", "answer_start": 453}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many more bridges have been built since the first one was completed?", "id": "56e7adfc37bdd419002c4326", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 598}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 1960s, the first Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge was completed, and served as the only bridge crossing over the Lower Yangtze in eastern China at that time. The bridge was a source of pride and an important symbol of modern China, having been built and designed by the Chinese themselves following failed surveys by other nations and the reliance on and then rejection of Soviet expertise. Begun in 1960 and opened to traffic in 1968, the bridge is a two-tiered road and rail design spanning 4,600 metres on the upper deck, with approximately 1,580 metres spanning the river itself. Since then four more bridges and two tunnels have been built. Going in the downstream direction, the Yangtze crossings in Nanjing are: Dashengguan Bridge, Line 10 Metro Tunnel, Third Bridge, Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel, First Bridge, Second Bridge and Fourth Bridge."}], ["Lebuhraya Express seperti Hu-Ning, Ning-He, Ning-Hang membolehkan penumpang melakukan perjalanan ke Shanghai, Hefei, Hangzhou, dan bandar penting lain dengan cepat dan mudah. Di dalam bandar Nanjing, terdapat 230 km (140 batu) lebuh raya, dengan kepadatan liputan lebuh raya sebanyak 3.38 kilometer setiap ratus kilometer persegi (5.44 mi / 100 meter persegi). Ketumpatan liputan keseluruhan bandar adalah 112.56 kilometer setiap ratus kilometer persegi (181.15 mi / 100 meter persegi). Kedua-dua jalan arteri di Nanjing adalah Zhongshan Road dan Hanzhong. Kedua-dua jalan itu melintas di pusat bandar, Xinjiekou. <> Apa jenis lebuh raya yang membolehkan penumpang masuk ke bandar cepat? || Lebuhraya Ekspres <> Berapa batu lebuh raya di Nanjing? || 140 mi <> Apakah nama-nama jalan arteri di Nanjing? || Jalan Zhongshan dan Hanzhong <> Zhongshan Road dan Hanzhong merentas satu sama lain di kawasan Nanjing? || di pusat bandar, Xinjiekou <> Apa jumlah liputan bandar dengan jalan, dalam batu? || 181.15 mi / 100 meter persegi", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of highways let commuters get to cities fast?", "id": "56e7ab2337bdd419002c42fa", "answers": [{"text": "Express highways", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many miles of highways are in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7ab2337bdd419002c42fb", "answers": [{"text": "140 mi", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the names of the artery roads in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7ab2337bdd419002c42fc", "answers": [{"text": "Zhongshan Road and Hanzhong", "answer_start": 485}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Zhongshan Road and Hanzhong cross each other in what area of Nanjing?", "id": "56e7ab2337bdd419002c42fd", "answers": [{"text": "in the city centre, Xinjiekou", "answer_start": 534}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the total coverage of the city with roads, in miles?", "id": "56e7ab2337bdd419002c42fe", "answers": [{"text": "181.15 mi/100 sq mi", "answer_start": 427}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Express highways such as Hu\u2013Ning, Ning\u2013He, Ning\u2013Hang enable commuters to travel to Shanghai, Hefei, Hangzhou, and other important cities quickly and conveniently. Inside the city of Nanjing, there are 230 km (140 mi) of highways, with a highway coverage density of 3.38 kilometres per hundred square kilometrs (5.44 mi/100 sq mi). The total road coverage density of the city is 112.56 kilometres per hundred square kilometres (181.15 mi/100 sq mi). The two artery roads in Nanjing are Zhongshan Road and Hanzhong. The two roads cross in the city centre, Xinjiekou."}], ["Bandar ini juga mempunyai rangkaian pengangkutan awam yang cekap, yang kebanyakannya terdiri daripada bas, teksi dan sistem metro. Rangkaian bas, yang kini dikendalikan oleh tiga syarikat sejak 2011, menyediakan lebih daripada 370 laluan yang meliputi semua bahagian bandar dan kawasan pinggir bandar. Nanjing Metro Line 1, memulakan perkhidmatan pada 3 September 2005, dengan 16 stesen dan panjang 21.72 km. Line 2 dan sambungan selatan 24.5 km panjang Line 1 secara rasmi dibuka kepada penumpang pada 28 Mei 2010. Pada masa ini, Nanjing mempunyai sistem metro dengan jumlah keseluruhan 223.6 kilometer (138.9 mi) dari laluan dan 121 stesen. Mereka adalah Talian 1, Baris 2, Baris 3, Baris 10, Baris S1 dan Baris S8. Bandar ini merancang untuk melengkapkan sistem jalur Metro dan rel kereta api 17-baris pada 2030. Perkembangan rangkaian Metro akan sangat memudahkan pengangkutan intrasiti dan mengurangkan kesesakan lalu lintas yang sedang berlaku. <> Apakah jenis utama pengangkutan awam? || bas, teksi dan sistem metro <> Berapa banyak syarikat yang terlibat dengan rangkaian bas? || tiga syarikat <> Berapa banyak stesen yang ada di dalam sistem metro Nanjing? || 121 stesen <> Bilakah Nanjing mengharapkan untuk menyelesaikan garisan kereta ringan itu? || 2030 <> Berapa laluan bas ada di Nanjing? || lebih daripada 370 laluan", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the main types of public transportation?", "id": "56e7abd937bdd419002c4304", "answers": [{"text": "bus, taxi and metro systems", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many companies are involved with the network of buses?", "id": "56e7abd937bdd419002c4305", "answers": [{"text": "three companies", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many stations are there in total in the Nanjing metro system?", "id": "56e7abd937bdd419002c4306", "answers": [{"text": "121 stations", "answer_start": 589}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When does Nanjing expect to finish it's light rail line?", "id": "56e7abd937bdd419002c4307", "answers": [{"text": "2030", "answer_start": 740}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many bus routes are there in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7abd937bdd419002c4308", "answers": [{"text": "more than 370 routes", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city also boasts an efficient network of public transportation, which mainly consists of bus, taxi and metro systems. The bus network, which is currently run by three companies since 2011, provides more than 370 routes covering all parts of the city and suburban areas. Nanjing Metro Line 1, started service on September 3, 2005, with 16 stations and a length of 21.72 km. Line 2 and the 24.5 km-long south extension of Line 1 officially opened to passenger service on May 28, 2010. At present, Nanjing has a metro system with a grand total of 223.6 kilometers (138.9 mi) of route and 121 stations. They are Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, Line 10, Line S1 and Line S8. The city is planning to complete a 17-line Metro and light-rail system by 2030. The expansion of the Metro network will greatly facilitate the intracity transportation and reduce the currently heavy traffic congestion."}], ["Lapangan terbang Nanjing, Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Lukou, menyajikan penerbangan kebangsaan dan antarabangsa. Pada tahun 2013, lapangan terbang Nanjing mengendalikan 15,011,792 penumpang dan 255,788.6 tan kargo. Lapangan terbang ini mempunyai 85 laluan ke destinasi kebangsaan dan antarabangsa, termasuk Jepun, Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapura, Amerika Syarikat dan Jerman. Lapangan terbang ini dihubungkan dengan lebuh raya 29 kilometer (18 mi) terus ke pusat bandar, dan juga dihubungkan dengan pelbagai lebuh raya antara bandar, menjadikannya mudah diakses oleh penumpang dari bandar sekitar. Sebuah kereta api Ninggao Intercity sedang dibina untuk menghubungkan lapangan terbang dengan Stesen Kereta Api Nanjing Selatan. Lapangan Terbang Lukou dibuka pada 28 Jun 1997, menggantikan Lapangan Terbang Nanjing Dajiaochang sebagai lapangan terbang utama yang melayani Nanjing. Lapangan Terbang Dajiaochang masih digunakan sebagai pangkalan tentera udara. <> Apa yang dipanggil lapangan terbang Nanjing? || Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Lukou <> Berapa banyak laluan yang dikendalikan oleh lapangan terbang Nanjing? || 85 laluan <> Berapa banyak penumpang melakukan perkhidmatan lapangan terbang pada tahun 2013? || 15,011,792 penumpang <> Bilakah lapangan terbang dibuka untuk perniagaan? || 28 Jun 1997 <> Lapangan terbang apa yang menjadi lapangan terbang utama sebelum Lukou? || Lapangan Terbang Nanjing Dajiaochang", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Nanjing's airport called?", "id": "56e7ac6c37bdd419002c430e", "answers": [{"text": "Lukou International Airport", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many routes does Nanjing's airport run?", "id": "56e7ac6c37bdd419002c430f", "answers": [{"text": "85 routes", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many passengers did the airport service in 2013?", "id": "56e7ac6c37bdd419002c4310", "answers": [{"text": "15,011,792 passengers", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the airport open for business?", "id": "56e7ac6c37bdd419002c4311", "answers": [{"text": "28 June 1997", "answer_start": 678}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What airport was the primary airport before Lukou?", "id": "56e7ac6c37bdd419002c4312", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport", "answer_start": 702}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nanjing's airport, Lukou International Airport, serves both national and international flights. In 2013, Nanjing airport handled 15,011,792 passengers and 255,788.6 tonnes of freight. The airport currently has 85 routes to national and international destinations, which include Japan, Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, USA and Germany. The airport is connected by a 29-kilometre (18 mi) highway directly to the city center, and is also linked to various intercity highways, making it accessible to the passengers from the surrounding cities. A railway Ninggao Intercity Line is being built to link the airport with Nanjing South Railway Station. Lukou Airport was opened on 28 June 1997, replacing Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport as the main airport serving Nanjing. Dajiaochang Airport is still used as a military air base."}], ["Di antara semua 17 stesen keretapi di Nanjing, perkhidmatan kereta api penumpang terutamanya disediakan oleh Stesen Kereta Api Nanjing dan Stesen Kereta Api Nanjing Selatan, sementara stesen lain seperti Stesen Kereta Api Nanjing Barat, Stesen Kereta Api Zhonghuamen dan Stesen Kereta Api Xianlin berperanan kecil. Stesen Kereta Api Nanjing pertama kali dibina pada tahun 1968. Pada tahun 1999, Pada 12 November 1999, stesen itu dibakar dalam api yang serius. Pembinaan semula stesen itu selesai pada 1 September 2005. Stesen Kereta Api Nanjing Selatan, yang merupakan salah satu daripada 5 stesen hab di Beijing-Shanghai Kereta Api Berkelajuan Tinggi, telah secara rasmi dituntut sebagai stesen kereta api terbesar di Asia dan yang kedua terbesar di dunia dari segi GFA (Kawasan Lantai Kasar). Pembinaan Stesen Nanjing Selatan bermula pada 10 Januari 2008. Stesen ini dibuka untuk perkhidmatan awam pada tahun 2011. <> Berapa banyak stesen kereta api di Nanjing? || 17 <> Yang mana dua stesen keretapi paling utama? || Stesen Kereta Api Nanjing dan Stesen Kereta Api Nanjing Selatan <> Bilakah Stesen Kereta Api Nanjing mula dibina? || 1968 <> Pada tahun berapa pula Stesen Kereta Api Nanjing dibina semula? || 2005 <> Stesen mana-mana adalah salah satu daripada 5 stesen hab di laluan kereta api Beijing-Shanghai Tinggi? || Stesen Kereta Api Nanjing Selatan", {"qas": [{"question": "How many railway stations are there in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7aa3300c9c71400d774ad", "answers": [{"text": "17", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which are the two most prominent railway stations?", "id": "56e7aa3300c9c71400d774ae", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing Railway Station and Nanjing South Railway Station", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Nanjing Railway Station originally constructed?", "id": "56e7aa3300c9c71400d774af", "answers": [{"text": "1968", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the Nanjing Railway Station re-built?", "id": "56e7aa3300c9c71400d774b0", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which station is one of the 5 hub stations on the Beijing\u2013Shanghai High-Speed Railway line?", "id": "56e7aa3300c9c71400d774b1", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing South Railway Station", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Among all 17 railway stations in Nanjing, passenger rail service is mainly provided by Nanjing Railway Station and Nanjing South Railway Station, while other stations like Nanjing West Railway Station, Zhonghuamen Railway Station and Xianlin Railway Station serve minor roles. Nanjing Railway Station was first built in 1968. In 1999, On November 12, 1999, the station was burnt in a serious fire. Reconstruction of the station was finished on September 1, 2005. Nanjing South Railway Station, which is one of the 5 hub stations on Beijing\u2013Shanghai High-Speed Railway, has officially been claimed as the largest railway station in Asia and the second largest in the world in terms of GFA (Gross Floor Area). Construction of Nanjing South Station began on 10 January 2008. The station was opened for public service in 2011."}], ["Secara tradisinya, kehidupan malam Nanjing kebanyakannya berpusat di sekitar kawasan Nanjing Fuzimiao (Confucius Temple) di sepanjang Sungai Qinhuai, di mana pasar malam, restoran dan pub berkembang pesat. Menaiki bot pada waktu malam di sungai merupakan daya tarikan utama bandar. Oleh itu, seseorang dapat melihat patung-patung guru-guru dan pendidik yang terkenal di masa lalu yang tidak jauh dari orang-orang pengadilan yang mendidik anak-anak muda dalam seni lain. <> Di mana aktiviti selepas waktu Nanjing biasanya diletakkan? || sekitar Nanjing Fuzimiao (Kuil Confucius) di sepanjang Sungai Qinhuai <> Apa tiga perkara yang popular di kawasan Nanjing Fuzimiao? || pasar malam, restoran dan pub <> Apakah tarikan malam utama untuk Nanjing? || Menaiki bot pada waktu malam di sungai <> Apakah patung-patung itu berdekatan dengan guru dan pendidik? || kafir <> Apa nama lain untuk Nanjing Fuzimiao? || Kuil Confucius", {"qas": [{"question": "Where have Nanjing's after-hours activities typically been located?", "id": "56e7b76a00c9c71400d7754d", "answers": [{"text": "around Nanjing Fuzimiao (Confucius Temple) area along the Qinhuai River", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What three things were popular in the Nanjing Fuzimiao area?", "id": "56e7b76a00c9c71400d7754e", "answers": [{"text": "night markets, restaurants and pubs", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was a major night attraction for Nanjing?", "id": "56e7b76a00c9c71400d7754f", "answers": [{"text": "Boating at night in the river", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What statues are near the ones of teachers and educators?", "id": "56e7b76a00c9c71400d77550", "answers": [{"text": "courtesans", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for Nanjing Fuzimiao?", "id": "56e7b76a00c9c71400d77551", "answers": [{"text": "Confucius Temple", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Traditionally Nanjing's nightlife was mostly centered around Nanjing Fuzimiao (Confucius Temple) area along the Qinhuai River, where night markets, restaurants and pubs thrived. Boating at night in the river was a main attraction of the city. Thus, one can see the statues of the famous teachers and educators of the past not too far from those of the courtesans who educated the young men in the other arts."}], ["Kebanyakan teater utama di Nanjing adalah pelbagai guna, digunakan sebagai ruang konvensyen, pawagam, dewan muzik dan teater pada masa-masa berlainan. Teater utama termasuk Dewan Konvensyen Rakyat dan Pusat Seni dan Budaya Nanjing. Teater Modal yang terkenal pada masa lalu kini merupakan sebuah muzium dalam teater / filem. <> Apa yang boleh digunakan oleh teater pelbagai guna di Nanjing? || dewan konvensyen, pawagam, dewan muzik dan teater <> Apakah dua pawagam paling terkenal di Nanjing? || Dewan Konvensyen Rakyat dan Pusat Kesenian dan Budaya Nanjing <> Apa tujuan semasa The Capital Theatre? || sebuah muzium di teater / filem <> Apa populariti Teater Modal, pada masa lalu? || terkenal", {"qas": [{"question": "What can most of Nanjing's multi-purpose theatres be used for?", "id": "56e7b66337bdd419002c43c8", "answers": [{"text": "convention halls, cinemas, musical halls and theatres", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the two most prominent theatres in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7b66337bdd419002c43c9", "answers": [{"text": "the People's Convention Hall and the Nanjing Arts and Culture Center", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the current purpose of The Capital Theatre?", "id": "56e7b66337bdd419002c43ca", "answers": [{"text": "a museum in theatre/film", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the popularity of The Capital Theater, in the past?", "id": "56e7b66337bdd419002c43cb", "answers": [{"text": "well known", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Most of Nanjing's major theatres are multi-purpose, used as convention halls, cinemas, musical halls and theatres on different occasions. The major theatres include the People's Convention Hall and the Nanjing Arts and Culture Center. The Capital Theatre well known in the past is now a museum in theatre/film."}], ["Lobak ini juga merupakan makanan khas yang mewakili orang-orang Nanjing, yang telah tersebar melalui mulut ke mulut sebagai fakta yang menarik selama bertahun-tahun di China. Menurut Nanjing.GOV.cn, \"Terdapat sejarah panjang lobak yang semakin meningkat di Nanjing terutamanya di pinggir selatan, pada musim bunga, lobak citarasa sangat berair dan manis, terkenal di Nanjing seperti lobak makan. Orang ramai juga ditangani sebagai 'lobak merah Nanjing', yang bermaksud mereka tidak canggih, bergairah dan konservatif. Dari perspektif kesihatan, makan lobak boleh membantu mengimbangi makanan yang kotor yang dimakan orang semasa Festival Spring \". <> Apa yang dianggap sebagai makanan khas untuk penduduk Nanjing? || lobak <> Kawasan manakah yang mempunyai sejarah panjang lobak yang semakin meningkat? || pinggir selatan <> Apa rasa lobak seperti pada musim bunga? || sangat berair dan manis <> Apakah orang Nanjing dipanggil oleh orang lain? || 'Nanjing lobak besar' <> Apa yang memanggil seseorang 'lobak merah Nanjing' bermakna? || mereka tidak canggih, bersemangat dan konservatif", {"qas": [{"question": "What is considered to be a typical food for a Nanjing resident?", "id": "56e7b94300c9c71400d77561", "answers": [{"text": "radish", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which area has the longest history of growing radish?", "id": "56e7b94300c9c71400d77562", "answers": [{"text": "the southern suburb", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the radish taste like in the spring?", "id": "56e7b94300c9c71400d77563", "answers": [{"text": "very juicy and sweet", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are Nanjing people called by others?", "id": "56e7b94300c9c71400d77564", "answers": [{"text": "'Nanjing big radish'", "answer_start": 425}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does calling someone 'Nanjing big radish' mean they are like?", "id": "56e7b94300c9c71400d77565", "answers": [{"text": "they are unsophisticated, passionate and conservative", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The radish is also a typical food representing people of Nanjing, which has been spread through word of mouth as an interesting fact for many years in China. According to Nanjing.GOV.cn, \"There is a long history of growing radish in Nanjing especially the southern suburb. In the spring, the radish tastes very juicy and sweet. It is well-known that people in Nanjing like eating radish. And the people are even addressed as 'Nanjing big radish', which means they are unsophisticated, passionate and conservative. From health perspective, eating radish can help to offset the stodgy food that people take during the Spring Festival\"."}], ["Sebagai sebuah bandar utama di China, Nanjing adalah rumah kepada banyak pasukan sukan profesional. Jiangsu Sainty, kelab bola sepak yang kini tinggal di Liga Super Cina, adalah penyewa jangka panjang Pusat Sukan Olimpik Nanjing. Kelab Bola Sepak Jiangsu Nangang adalah pasukan yang berdaya saing yang telah lama menjadi salah satu kelab utama yang berjuang untuk gelaran liga peringkat tertinggi China, CBA. Pasukan lelaki dan wanita bola tampar Jiangsu juga dianggap secara tradisinya sebagai liga bola tampar China. <> Secara amnya, jenis pasukan apa yang memanggil rumah Nanjing? || banyak pasukan sukan profesional <> Apakah nama kelab bola sepak di Nanjing? || Jiangsu Sainty <> Apa bangunan adalah rumah kepada Jiangsu Sainty? || Pusat Sukan Olimpik Nanjing <> Apakah nama pasukan bola keranjang utama di Nanjing? || Kelab Bola Sepak Jiangsu Nangang <> Apakah nama liga bola keranjang peringkat tertinggi di China? || CBA", {"qas": [{"question": "Generally, what types of teams call Nanjing home?", "id": "56e7ba3537bdd419002c43d0", "answers": [{"text": "many professional sports teams", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the football club in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7ba3537bdd419002c43d1", "answers": [{"text": "Jiangsu Sainty", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What building is home to Jiangsu Sainty?", "id": "56e7ba3537bdd419002c43d2", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing Olympic Sports Center", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the major basketball team in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7ba3537bdd419002c43d3", "answers": [{"text": "Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of China's highest level basketball league?", "id": "56e7ba3537bdd419002c43d4", "answers": [{"text": "CBA", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of the major clubs fighting for the title in China top level league, CBA. Jiangsu Volleyball men and women teams are also traditionally considered as at top level in China volleyball league."}], ["Dalam tempoh 20 tahun yang lalu, beberapa jalan komersial telah dibangunkan, maka kehidupan malam menjadi lebih pelbagai: terdapat pusat membeli-belah yang dibuka lewat di Xinjiekou CBD dan Jalan Hunan. Daerah Nanjing \"1912\" yang terkenal dengan pelbagai kemudahan rekreasi yang terdiri dari restoran tradisional dan pub barat untuk menari kelab. Terdapat dua kawasan utama di mana bar terletak padat; satu adalah pada tahun 1912 blok; yang lain adalah sepanjang jalan Shanghai dan kejiranannya. Keduanya popular dengan penduduk antarabangsa di bandar ini. <> Bilakah jalan-jalan komersial lebih banyak dibina di Nanjing? || Dalam 20 tahun yang lalu <> Apa yang telah berlaku akibat jalan-jalan komersial di Nanjing? || kehidupan malam menjadi lebih beragam <> Kawasan apa yang mempunyai banyak jenis kedai rekreasi? || \"Nanjing 1912\" <> Selain daripada di \"Nanjing 1912\", di mana lagi terdapat banyak bar? || sepanjang jalan Shanghai dan kejiranannya <> Dua kawasan dengan banyak bar popular dengan siapa? || penduduk antarabangsa di bandar ini", {"qas": [{"question": "When did more commercial streets become built in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7b87f00c9c71400d77557", "answers": [{"text": "In the past 20 years", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has happened as the result of more commercial streets in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7b87f00c9c71400d77558", "answers": [{"text": "the nightlife has become more diverse", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What area has lots of types of recreational outlets?", "id": "56e7b87f00c9c71400d77559", "answers": [{"text": "\"Nanjing 1912\"", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Other than at \"Nanjing 1912\", where else are there a lot of bars?", "id": "56e7b87f00c9c71400d7755a", "answers": [{"text": "along Shanghai road and its neighbourhood", "answer_start": 446}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The two areas with a lot of bars are popular with whom?", "id": "56e7b87f00c9c71400d7755b", "answers": [{"text": "international residents of the city", "answer_start": 511}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the past 20 years, several commercial streets have been developed, hence the nightlife has become more diverse: there are shopping malls opening late in the Xinjiekou CBD and Hunan Road. The well-established \"Nanjing 1912\" district hosts a wide variety of recreational facilities ranging from traditional restaurants and western pubs to dance clubs. There are two major areas where bars are densely located; one is in 1912 block; the other is along Shanghai road and its neighbourhood. Both are popular with international residents of the city."}], ["Galeri Seni Jiangsu adalah galeri terbesar di Wilayah Jiangsu, menyampaikan beberapa karya seni tradisional dan kontemporari terbaik China; banyak lagi galeri berskala kecil, seperti Red Chamber Art Garden dan Galeri Jinling Stone, juga mempunyai pameran istimewa mereka sendiri. <> Apakah nama galeri seni terbesar di Wilayah Jiangsu? || Galeri Seni Jiangsu <> Apa jenis seni yang mengandungi Galeri Seni Jiangsu? || hiasan seni tradisional dan kontemporari China <> Apakah dua galeri kecil di Nanjing? || Red Chamber Art Garden dan Jinling Stone Gallery <> Apa jenis pameran yang dilakukan Red Chamber Art Garden dan Galeri Jinling Stone? || pameran khas mereka sendiri", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the largest art gallery in Jiangsu Province?", "id": "56e7b14100c9c71400d774fb", "answers": [{"text": "Jiangsu Art Gallery", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of art does Jiangsu Art Gallery contain?", "id": "56e7b14100c9c71400d774fc", "answers": [{"text": "traditional and contemporary art pieces of China", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two smaller galleries in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7b14100c9c71400d774fd", "answers": [{"text": "Red Chamber Art Garden and Jinling Stone Gallery", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of exhibitions do Red Chamber Art Garden and Jinling Stone Gallery show?", "id": "56e7b14100c9c71400d774fe", "answers": [{"text": "their own special exhibitions", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Jiangsu Art Gallery is the largest gallery in Jiangsu Province, presenting some of the best traditional and contemporary art pieces of China; many other smaller-scale galleries, such as Red Chamber Art Garden and Jinling Stone Gallery, also have their own special exhibitions."}], ["Banyak perayaan tradisional dan kastam diperhatikan pada zaman dahulu, termasuk memanjat Tembok Kota pada 16 Januari, mandi di Qing Xi pada 3 Mac, mendaki bukit pada 9 September dan lain-lain (tarikh itu adalah dalam kalendar lunar Cina). Hampir tidak ada pun dari mereka, bagaimanapun, masih dirayakan oleh orang-orang Nanjing moden. <> Bilakah perayaan memanjat di dinding bandar dirayakan? || 16 Januari <> Pada 3 Mac, perayaan apa yang disambut pada zaman purba? || mandi di Qing Xi <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh rakyat pada 9 September? || hiking hiking <> Di mana seseorang boleh mencari tarikh perayaan lebih lama? || Kalendar lunar Cina <> Berapa banyak perayaan lama yang masih dirayakan oleh penduduk Nanjing? || Hampir tidak ada antara mereka", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the festival of climbing on the city wall celebrated?", "id": "56e7b21237bdd419002c4382", "answers": [{"text": "January 16", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On March 3, what festival was celebrated in ancient times?", "id": "56e7b21237bdd419002c4383", "answers": [{"text": "bathing in Qing Xi", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did citizens used to do on September 9?", "id": "56e7b21237bdd419002c4384", "answers": [{"text": "hill hiking", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where can one find the dates of more old festivals?", "id": "56e7b21237bdd419002c4385", "answers": [{"text": "Chinese lunar calendar", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of these old festivals are still celebrated by residents of Nanjing?", "id": "56e7b21237bdd419002c4386", "answers": [{"text": "Almost none of them", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many traditional festivals and customs were observed in the old times, which included climbing the City Wall on January 16, bathing in Qing Xi on March 3, hill hiking on September 9 and others (the dates are in Chinese lunar calendar). Almost none of them, however, are still celebrated by modern Nanjingese."}], ["Perpustakaan Nanjing, yang diasaskan pada 1907, menempatkan lebih daripada 10 juta bahan bercetak dan merupakan perpustakaan ketiga terbesar di China, selepas Perpustakaan Negara di Perpustakaan Beijing dan Shanghai. Perpustakaan-perpustakaan lain, seperti Perpustakaan Jinling yang dimiliki oleh bandar dan pelbagai perpustakaan daerah, juga memberikan banyak maklumat kepada rakyat. Perpustakaan Universiti Nanjing adalah perpustakaan universiti kedua terbesar di China selepas Peking University Library, dan kelima terbesar di seluruh negara, terutamanya dalam bilangan koleksi berharga. <> Bilakah Perpustakaan Nanjing selesai? || 1907 <> Apakah kedudukan Nanjing Library di China? || perpustakaan ketiga terbesar di China <> Berapa banyak jumlah perpustakaan Nanjing yang ada? || lebih daripada 10 juta jilid <> Apa nama perpustakaan kelima terbesar di China? || Perpustakaan Universiti Nanjing <> Perpustakaan mana yang lebih besar daripada Perpustakaan Universiti Nanjing? || Perpustakaan Universiti Peking", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Nanjing Library completed?", "id": "56e7b49000c9c71400d77525", "answers": [{"text": "1907", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Nanjing Library's ranking in China?", "id": "56e7b49000c9c71400d77526", "answers": [{"text": "the third largest library in China", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many volumes does the Nanjing Library have?", "id": "56e7b49000c9c71400d77527", "answers": [{"text": "more than 10 million volumes", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the fifth largest library in China?", "id": "56e7b49000c9c71400d77528", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing University Library", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which university library is larger than Nanjing University Library?", "id": "56e7b49000c9c71400d77529", "answers": [{"text": "Peking University Library", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nanjing Library, founded in 1907, houses more than 10 million volumes of printed materials and is the third largest library in China, after the National Library in Beijing and Shanghai Library. Other libraries, such as city-owned Jinling Library and various district libraries, also provide considerable amount of information to citizens. Nanjing University Library is the second largest university libraries in China after Peking University Library, and the fifth largest nationwide, especially in the number of precious collections."}], ["Sebaliknya, Nanjing, sebagai destinasi pelancongan yang popular, menganjurkan satu siri acara yang dianjurkan kerajaan sepanjang tahun. Festival Antarabangsa Plum Blossom tahunan yang diadakan di Plum Blossom Hill, koleksi plum terbesar di China, menarik beribu-ribu pelancong di dalam dan luar negara. Acara lain termasuk Nanjing Baima Peach Blossom dan Festival Kite, Festival Buah Jiangxin Zhou dan Pesta Sweet Osmanthus Temple Linggu. <> Apa bandar dianggap sebagai tempat yang popular dengan pelancong? || Nanjing <> Daripada tuan rumah pesta-pesta lama, apakah jenis acara yang diadakan oleh tuan rumah Nanjing setiap tahun? || satu siri acara yang dianjurkan kerajaan <> Kawasan apa yang memegang koleksi bunga plum terbesar di seluruh China? || Plum Blossom Hill <> Di manakah pelancong untuk Festival Plum Blossom berasal? || di dalam dan di luar negara <> Perayaan apa yang merangkumi layang-layang dan pokok buah-buahan? || Nanjing Baima Peach Blossom dan Festival Kite", {"qas": [{"question": "What city is considered to be a place that is popular with tourists?", "id": "56e7b32400c9c71400d7751b", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Rather than host the old festivals, what type of events does Nanjing host each year?", "id": "56e7b32400c9c71400d7751c", "answers": [{"text": "a series of government-organised events", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What area holds the largest collection of plum blossoms in all of China?", "id": "56e7b32400c9c71400d7751d", "answers": [{"text": "Plum Blossom Hill", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do the tourists for the Plum Blossom Festival come from?", "id": "56e7b32400c9c71400d7751e", "answers": [{"text": "domestically and internationally", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What festival involves kites and fruit trees?", "id": "56e7b32400c9c71400d7751f", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing Baima Peach Blossom and Kite Festival", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Instead, Nanjing, as a popular tourist destination, hosts a series of government-organised events throughout the year. The annual International Plum Blossom Festival held in Plum Blossom Hill, the largest plum collection in China, attracts thousands of tourists both domestically and internationally. Other events include Nanjing Baima Peach Blossom and Kite Festival, Jiangxin Zhou Fruit Festival and Linggu Temple Sweet Osmanthus Festival."}], ["Nanjing mempunyai beberapa muzium tertua dan terbaik di China. Muzium Nanjing, yang dahulunya dikenali sebagai Muzium Pusat Nasional semasa tempoh ROC, merupakan muzium moden yang pertama dan kekal sebagai salah satu muzium terkemuka di China yang mempunyai 400,000 barang dalam koleksi tetapnya. Muzium ini terkenal dengan koleksi besar porselin kekaisaran Ming dan Qing, yang merupakan antara yang terbesar di dunia. Muzium-muzium lain termasuk Muzium Bandaraya Nanjing di Chaotian Palace, Muzium Metropolitan Oriental, Muzium Sejarah Moden China di Istana Presiden, Nanjing Memorial Hall Memorial, Muzium Sejarah Kerajaan Taiping, Muzium Pembuatan Sutera Jiangning Imperial, Muzium Nanjing Yunjin, Muzium Budaya Tembok Bandaraya Nanjing, Muzium Kastam Nanjing di Rumah Ganxi, Muzium Sejarah Astronomi Nanjing, Muzium Paleontologi Nanjing, Muzium Geologi Nanjing, Muzium Sungai Nanjing, dan muzium dan peringatan lain seperti Memorial Zheng He, Memorial Jinling Four Modern Calligraphyers. <> Kota mana yang mengandungi beberapa muzium terbaik dan tertua di seluruh China? || Nanjing <> Apakah nama sebelumnya Muzium Nanjing? || Muzium Pusat Kebangsaan <> Muzium mana yang pertama di China? || Muzium Nanjing <> Apa koleksi Nanjing Muzium terkenal? || Ming dan Qing porselin kekaisaran <> Berapa banyak barang yang terdapat dalam Muzium Nanjing? || 400,000 item", {"qas": [{"question": "What city contains some of the finest and oldest museums in all of China?", "id": "56e7b57900c9c71400d77539", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the previous name of the Nanjing Museum?", "id": "56e7b57900c9c71400d7753a", "answers": [{"text": "National Central Museum", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which museum was the first modern one in China?", "id": "56e7b57900c9c71400d7753b", "answers": [{"text": "Nanjing Museum", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What collections are the Nanjing Museum famous for?", "id": "56e7b57900c9c71400d7753c", "answers": [{"text": "Ming and Qing imperial porcelain", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many items does the Nanjing Museum contain?", "id": "56e7b57900c9c71400d7753d", "answers": [{"text": "400,000 items", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nanjing has some of the oldest and finest museums in China. Nanjing Museum, formerly known as National Central Museum during ROC period, is the first modern museum and remains as one of the leading museums in China having 400,000 items in its permanent collection,. The museum is notable for enormous collections of Ming and Qing imperial porcelain, which is among the largest in the world. Other museums include the City Museum of Nanjing in the Chaotian Palace, the Oriental Metropolitan Museum, the China Modern History Museum in the Presidential Palace, the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall, the Taiping Kingdom History Museum, Jiangning Imperial Silk Manufacturing Museum, Nanjing Yunjin Museum, Nanjing City Wall Cultural Museum, Nanjing Customs Museum in Ganxi House, Nanjing Astronomical History Museum, Nanjing Paleontological Museum, Nanjing Geological Museum, Nanjing Riverstones Museum, and other museums and memorials such Zheng He Memorial, Jinling Four Modern Calligraphers Memorial."}], ["Nanjing adalah salah satu kota yang paling indah di daratan China dengan taman hijau yang subur, tasik-tasik alam semula jadi, gunung kecil, bangunan bersejarah dan monumen, peninggalan dan banyak lagi, yang menarik ribuan pelancong setiap tahun. <> Nanjing dianggap sebagai salah satu kota paling cantik di rantau apa? || tanah besar China <> Berapa ramai pelancong yang menerima Nanjing setiap tahun? || beribu-ribu <> Apa jenis bangunan menarik pelancong ke Nanjing? || bangunan bersejarah <> Senarai tiga tarikan semula jadi di Nanjing. || taman hijau yang subur, tasik-tasik semulajadi, gunung kecil", {"qas": [{"question": "Nanjing is considered one of the most pretty cities in what region?", "id": "56e7bf1b37bdd419002c43e4", "answers": [{"text": "mainland China", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many tourists does Nanjing receive each year?", "id": "56e7bf1b37bdd419002c43e5", "answers": [{"text": "thousands", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of buildings attract tourists to Nanjing?", "id": "56e7bf1b37bdd419002c43e6", "answers": [{"text": "historical buildings", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "List three natural attractions of Nanjing.", "id": "56e7bf1b37bdd419002c43e7", "answers": [{"text": "lush green parks, natural scenic lakes, small mountains", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nanjing is one of the most beautiful cities of mainland China with lush green parks, natural scenic lakes, small mountains, historical buildings and monuments, relics and much more, which attracts thousands of tourists every year."}], ["Oleh kerana ia ditetapkan sebagai modal kebangsaan, banyak struktur telah dibina pada masa itu. Malah pada hari ini, sebahagian daripada mereka masih kekal yang terbuka kepada pelancong. <> Apakah penamaan Nanjing? || modal kebangsaan <> Apa yang terjadi pada masa itu bahawa Nanjing telah ditetapkan sebagai ibu kota? || banyak struktur telah dibina <> Adakah mana-mana struktur yang dibina pada masa itu masih sekitar? || sebahagian daripada mereka masih kekal <> Struktur yang masih kekal terbuka kepada siapa? || pelancong", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the designation of Nanjing?", "id": "56e7c00000c9c71400d7757f", "answers": [{"text": "the national capital", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened around the time that Nanjing was designated as the capital?", "id": "56e7c00000c9c71400d77580", "answers": [{"text": "many structures were built", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Are any of the structures that were built at that time still around?", "id": "56e7c00000c9c71400d77581", "answers": [{"text": "some of them still remain", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The structures that still remain are open to whom?", "id": "56e7c00000c9c71400d77582", "answers": [{"text": "tourists", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Because it was designated as the national capital, many structures were built around that time. Even today, some of them still remain which are open to tourists."}], ["Pada tahun 2005, untuk menjadi tuan rumah Permainan Kebangsaan Republik Rakyat China ke-10, terdapat stadium baru, Pusat Sukan Olimpik Nanjing, dibina di Nanjing. Berbanding dengan Pusat Sukan Wutaishan, yang mana kapasiti stadium utama ialah 18,500, Pusat Sukan Olimpik Nanjing mempunyai stadium yang lebih maju yang cukup besar untuk menempatkan 60,000 penonton. Gimnasium mempunyai kapasiti 13,000, dan natatorium kapasiti 3,000. <> Bilakah pusat Sukan Olimpik Nanjing dibina? || 2005 <> Mengapa Pusat Sukan Olimpik Nanjing dibina? || untuk menjadi tuan rumah Permainan Kebangsaan Republik Rakyat China ke-10 <> Berapa ramai orang yang boleh memula stadium di Stadium Sukan Olimpik Nanjing? || 60,000 <> Berapa ramai orang boleh memula gimnasium di Pusat Sukan Olimpik Nanjing? || 13,000 <> Berapa ramai orang yang boleh memegang natatorium Pusat Sukan Olimpik Nanjing? || 3,000", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Nanjing Olympic Sports Center built?", "id": "56e7bbeb37bdd419002c43da", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why was the Nanjing Olympic Sports Center built?", "id": "56e7bbeb37bdd419002c43db", "answers": [{"text": "in order to host The 10th National Game of People's Republic of China", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people can Nanjing Olympic Sports Center's stadium hold?", "id": "56e7bbeb37bdd419002c43dc", "answers": [{"text": "60,000", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people can Nanjing Olympic Sports Center's gymnasium hold?", "id": "56e7bbeb37bdd419002c43dd", "answers": [{"text": "13,000", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people can Nanjing Olympic Sports Center's natatorium hold?", "id": "56e7bbeb37bdd419002c43de", "answers": [{"text": "3,000", "answer_start": 379}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2005, in order to host The 10th National Game of People's Republic of China, there was a new stadium, Nanjing Olympic Sports Center, constructed in Nanjing. Compared to Wutaishan Sports Center, which the major stadium's capacity is 18,500, Nanjing Olympic Sports Center has a more advanced stadium which is big enough to seat 60,000 spectators. Its gymnasium has capacity of 13,000, and natatorium of capacity 3,000."}], ["Terdapat dua pusat sukan utama di Nanjing, Pusat Sukan Wutaishan dan Pusat Sukan Olimpik Nanjing. Kedua-duanya adalah pusat sukan yang komprehensif, termasuk stadium, gimnasium, natatorium, gelanggang tenis, dan lain-lain. Pusat Sukan Wutaishan ditubuhkan pada tahun 1952 dan merupakan salah satu stadium tertua dan paling maju pada masa awal Republik Rakyat China. <> Pusat sukan mana yang bermula pada tahun 1952? || Pusat Sukan Wutaishan <> Berapa banyak pusat sukan utama yang terletak di Nanjing? || dua <> Apa jenis pusat sukan yang Pusat Sukan Wutaishan dan Pusat Sukan Olimpik Nanjing dianggap? || pusat sukan komprehensif <> Apa yang istimewa mengenai Pusat Sukan Wutaishan, dari perspektif sejarah? || ia adalah salah satu stadium tertua dan paling maju pada masa awal Republik Rakyat China. <> Kedua Pusat Sukan Wutaishan dan Pusat Sukan Olimpik Nanjing mengandungi stadium, gimnasium, natatorium, dan kemudahan lain? || gelanggang tenis", {"qas": [{"question": "Which sports center started in 1952?", "id": "56e7bb3400c9c71400d7756b", "answers": [{"text": "Wutaishan Sports Center", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many major sports centers are located in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7bb3400c9c71400d7756c", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of sports centers are Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center considered to be?", "id": "56e7bb3400c9c71400d7756d", "answers": [{"text": "comprehensive sports centers", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is special about Wutaishan Sports Center, from a historical perspective?", "id": "56e7bb3400c9c71400d7756e", "answers": [{"text": "it was one of the oldest and most advanced stadiums in early time of People's Republic of China.", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Both Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center contain a stadium, gymnasium, natatorium, and what other facility?", "id": "56e7bb3400c9c71400d7756f", "answers": [{"text": "tennis court", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are two major sports centers in Nanjing, Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Both of these two are comprehensive sports centers, including stadium, gymnasium, natatorium, tennis court, etc. Wutaishan Sports Center was established in 1952 and it was one of the oldest and most advanced stadiums in early time of People's Republic of China."}], ["Nanjing telah menjadi pusat pendidikan di selatan China selama lebih daripada 1700 tahun. Terdapat 75 institusi pengajian tinggi hingga 2013. Bilangan makmal utama negara, disiplin utama negara dan ahli akademik Akademi Sains Cina dan Akademi Kejuruteraan Cina semuanya berada di tangga ketiga di negara ini. Ia mempunyai beberapa institusi pendidikan yang paling menonjol di rantau ini, beberapa daripadanya disenaraikan seperti berikut: <> Berapa lamakah Nanjing dianggap sebagai hab pendidikan di selatan China? || lebih daripada 1700 tahun <> Berapa banyak tempat pengajian tinggi di Nanjing? || 75 <> Apakah kedudukan Nanjing di seluruh negara untuk makmal utama negara? || ketiga <> Apakah ranking nasional di Nanjing untuk disiplin utama negara? || ketiga <> Apa jenis institusi pendidikan di kawasan itu, yang Nanjing boleh dibanggakan? || beberapa yang paling menonjol", {"qas": [{"question": "How long has Nanjing been considered the education hub of southern China?", "id": "56e7c15800c9c71400d77587", "answers": [{"text": "more than 1700 years", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many places of higher learning are in Nanjing?", "id": "56e7c15800c9c71400d77588", "answers": [{"text": "75", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Nanjing's nationwide ranking for National key laboratories?", "id": "56e7c15800c9c71400d77589", "answers": [{"text": "third", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Nanjing's nationwide ranking for National key disciplines?", "id": "56e7c15800c9c71400d7758a", "answers": [{"text": "third", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of educational institutions are in the area, that Nanjing can brag about?", "id": "56e7c15800c9c71400d7758b", "answers": [{"text": "some of the most prominent", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nanjing has been the educational centre in southern China for more than 1700 years. There are 75 institutions of higher learning till 2013. The number of National key laboratories, National key disciplines and the academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering all rank third in the nation. It boasts some of the most prominent educational institutions in the region, some of which are listed as follows:"}], ["Pada 10 Februari 2010, sesi IOC ke-122 di Vancouver mengumumkan Nanjing sebagai bandar tuan rumah untuk Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas Belia ke-2. Slogan Sukan Olimpik Belia 2014 adalah \"Kongsi Permainan, Kongsi Impian kami\". Sukan Olimpik Belia 2014 Nanjing menampilkan semua 28 sukan pada program Olimpik dan diadakan dari 16 hingga 28 Ogos. Jawatankuasa Penganjur Olimpik Sukan Olimpik Nanjing (NYOGOC) bekerjasama dengan Jawatankuasa Olimpik Antarabangsa (IOC) untuk menarik atlet muda terbaik dari seluruh dunia untuk bersaing di peringkat tertinggi. Daripada bidang persaingan, program budaya dan pendidikan bersepadu memberi tumpuan kepada perbincangan mengenai pendidikan, nilai-nilai Olimpik, cabaran sosial dan kepelbagaian budaya. Tujuan YOG bertujuan untuk menyebarkan semangat Olimpiade dan menggalakkan penyertaan sukan. <> Ketika Nanjing diumumkan sebagai bandar tuan rumah untuk Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas Musim Panas ke-2? || 10 Februari 2010 <> Apakah tema Sukan Olimpik Belia 2014? || \"Kongsi Permainan, Kongsi Impian kami\" <> Berapa banyak jenis sukan yang telah dilakukan pada Sukan Olimpik Belia 2014? || 28 <> Apakah jenis semangat yang dimiliki oleh Sukan Olimpik Belia? || semangat Olimpik <> Bilakah Sukan Olimpik Belia 2014? || dari 16 hingga 28 Ogos", {"qas": [{"question": "When was Nanjing announced as the host city for the 2nd Summer Youth Olympic Games?", "id": "56e7bd1a00c9c71400d77575", "answers": [{"text": "10 February 2010", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the theme for the 2014 Youth Olympic Games?", "id": "56e7bd1a00c9c71400d77576", "answers": [{"text": "\u201cShare the Games, Share our Dreams\u201d", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many types of sports were performed in the 2014 Youth Olympic Games?", "id": "56e7bd1a00c9c71400d77577", "answers": [{"text": "28", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of spirit does the Youth Olympic Games hope to spread?", "id": "56e7bd1a00c9c71400d77578", "answers": [{"text": "the Olympic spirit", "answer_start": 747}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the 2014 Youth Olympic Games?", "id": "56e7bd1a00c9c71400d77579", "answers": [{"text": "from 16 to 28 August", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 10 February 2010, the 122nd IOC session at Vancouver announced Nanjing as the host city for the 2nd Summer Youth Olympic Games. The slogan of the 2014 Youth Olympic Games was \u201cShare the Games, Share our Dreams\u201d. The Nanjing 2014 Youth Olympic Games featured all 28 sports on the Olympic programme and were held from 16 to 28 August. The Nanjing Youth Olympic Games Organising Committee (NYOGOC) worked together with the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to attract the best young athletes from around the world to compete at the highest level. Off the competition fields, an integrated culture and education programme focused on discussions about education, Olympic values, social challenges, and cultural diversity. The YOG aims to spread the Olympic spirit and encourage sports participation."}]], [["Pada 30 September 1987, Foster memfailkan permohonan dengan Pejabat Paten dan Cap Dagangan Amerika Syarikat untuk paten sukan yang diciptanya. Aplikasi paten meliputi peraturan permainan, secara khusus merinci pukulan gol dan jaring pemulihan dan kesannya terhadap permainan. Permohonan Foster telah diberikan pada 27 Mac 1990. Paten tersebut telah tamat tempoh pada 30 September 2007. <> Pada tarikh apa Foster memohon paten pada bola sepak arena? || 30 September 1987 <> Bilakah Pejabat Paten dan Tanda Dagangan Amerika Syarikat memberikan paten Foster? || 27 Mac 1990 <> Pada tarikh apakah tamat paten Foster? || 30 September 2007 <> Dengan siapa Foster memfailkan patennya? || Pejabat Paten dan Tanda Dagangan Amerika Syarikat", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date did Foster apply for a patent on arena football?", "id": "56e7998d37bdd419002c41f1", "answers": [{"text": "September 30, 1987", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the United States Patent and Trademark Office grant Foster's patent?", "id": "56e7998d37bdd419002c41f2", "answers": [{"text": "March 27, 1990", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was the expiration of Foster's patent?", "id": "56e7998d37bdd419002c41f3", "answers": [{"text": "September 30, 2007", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With whom did Foster file his patent?", "id": "56e7998d37bdd419002c41f4", "answers": [{"text": "the United States Patent and Trademark Office", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On September 30, 1987, Foster filed an application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to patent his invented sport. The patent application covered the rules of the game, specifically detailing the goalposts and rebound netting and their impact on gameplay. Foster's application was granted on March 27, 1990. The patent expired on September 30, 2007."}], ["Liga Bola Sepak Arena (AFL) adalah tahap tertinggi dalam bola sepak Amerika dalaman profesional di Amerika Syarikat. Ia ditubuhkan pada tahun 1987 oleh Jim Foster, menjadikannya liga bola sepak profesional paling lama ketiga di Amerika Utara, selepas Liga Bola Sepak Kanada dan Liga Bola Sepak Kebangsaan. Ia dimainkan di dalam ruangan di halaman 68-halaman (kira-kira setengah jarak padang NFL), menghasilkan permainan yang lebih pantas dan lebih tinggi. Sukan ini dicipta pada awal 1980-an dan dipatenkan oleh Foster, bekas eksekutif Liga Bola Sepak Amerika Syarikat dan Liga Bola Sepak Kebangsaan. <> Siapa yang menjadi pengasas Liga Bola Sepak Arena? || Jim Foster <> Apa tahun pertama AFL? || 1987 <> Di mana Arena Football League pangkat di kalangan liga bola sepak profesional di Amerika Utara oleh panjang umur? || ketiga <> Dalam meter, seberapa besar bidang bola sepak arena? || 68 <> Sebilangan kecil daripada saiz padang bola sepak NFL adalah padang bola sepak arena? || separuh", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the founder of the Arena Football League?", "id": "56e7963e37bdd419002c41ab", "answers": [{"text": "Jim Foster", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the inaugural year of the AFL?", "id": "56e7963e37bdd419002c41ac", "answers": [{"text": "1987", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the Arena Football League rank amongst professional football leagues in North America by longevity?", "id": "56e7963e37bdd419002c41ad", "answers": [{"text": "third", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In yards, how large is an arena football field?", "id": "56e7963e37bdd419002c41ae", "answers": [{"text": "68", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What fraction of the size of an NFL football field is an arena football field?", "id": "56e7963e37bdd419002c41af", "answers": [{"text": "half", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Arena Football League (AFL) is the highest level of professional indoor American football in the United States. It was founded in 1987 by Jim Foster, making it the third longest-running professional football league in North America, after the Canadian Football League and the National Football League. It is played indoors on a 68-yard field (about half the distance of an NFL field), resulting in a faster-paced and higher-scoring game. The sport was invented in the early 1980s and patented by Foster, a former executive of the United States Football League and the National Football League."}], ["Dari tahun 2000 hingga 2009, AFL mempunyai liabiliti pembangunan sendiri, af2. AFL memainkan 22 musim dari 1987 hingga 2008; Isu-isu dalaman menyebabkan liga membatalkan musim 2009, meski af2 bermain. Pada tahun itu kedua-dua AFL dan af2 telah dibubarkan dan disusun semula sebagai sebuah syarikat baru yang terdiri daripada pasukan dari kedua-dua liga, dan AFL kembali pada tahun 2010. Liga Bola Sepak Arena mempunyai ibu pejabatnya di Chicago, Illinois. <> Apakah nama pasukan pembangunan AFL? || af2 <> Bilakah liabiliti pembangunan AFL bermula? || 2000 <> Bilakah musim AFL pertama dimainkan? || 1987 <> Apa Liga Arena Arena musim dibatalkan? || 2009 <> Dalam apa bandar dan negeri adalah Liga Bola Sepak Arena? || Chicago, Illinois", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the AFL development league?", "id": "56e7974337bdd419002c41bf", "answers": [{"text": "af2", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the AFL development league begin?", "id": "56e7974337bdd419002c41c0", "answers": [{"text": "2000", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the first AFL season played?", "id": "56e7974337bdd419002c41c1", "answers": [{"text": "1987", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Arena Football League season was cancelled?", "id": "56e7974337bdd419002c41c2", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city and state is the Arena Football League based?", "id": "56e7974337bdd419002c41c3", "answers": [{"text": "Chicago, Illinois", "answer_start": 406}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From 2000 to 2009, the AFL had its own developmental league, the af2. The AFL played 22 seasons from 1987 to 2008; internal issues caused the league to cancel its 2009 season, though the af2 did play. Later that year both the AFL and af2 were dissolved and reorganized as a new corporation comprising teams from both leagues, and the AFL returned in 2010. The Arena Football League has its headquarters in Chicago, Illinois."}], ["Berikutan kejayaan permainan percubaannya, Foster bergerak maju dengan ideanya untuk bola sepak arena. Beliau mengasaskan Arena Football League dengan empat pasukan: Pittsburgh Gladiators, Denver Dynamite, Washington Commandos, dan Chicago Bruisers. Foster dilantik sebagai legenda Darrel \"Mouse\" Davis, godfather \"run and shoot\" dan pelanggaran pro moden, sebagai pengarah eksekutif operasi bola sepak. Davis mengupah jurulatih yang asal dan merupakan arkitek dari buku-buku main yang menyalahi undang-undang. <> Berapa banyak pasukan yang ada di Arena Football League pada asalnya? || empat <> Bersama dengan Chicago Bruisers, Denver Dynamite dan Gladiators Pittsburgh, pasukan mana yang merupakan salah satu pasukan AFL yang asal? || Washington Commandos <> Apakah tajuk Darrell Davis dalam AFL? || pengarah eksekutif operasi bola sepak <> Apakah nama samaran Darrell Davis? || Mouse <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab menyewa jurulatih pertama pasukan AFL? || Davis", {"qas": [{"question": "How many teams did the Arena Football League originally have?", "id": "56e798c537bdd419002c41dd", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Chicago Bruisers, Denver Dynamite and Pittsburgh Gladiators, what team was one of the original AFL teams?", "id": "56e798c537bdd419002c41de", "answers": [{"text": "Washington Commandos", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the title of Darrell Davis in the AFL?", "id": "56e798c537bdd419002c41df", "answers": [{"text": "executive director of football operations", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Darrell Davis' nickname?", "id": "56e798c537bdd419002c41e0", "answers": [{"text": "Mouse", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was responsible for hiring the first coaches of the AFL teams?", "id": "56e798c537bdd419002c41e1", "answers": [{"text": "Davis", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Following the successes of his trial-run games, Foster moved ahead with his idea for arena football. He founded the Arena Football League with four teams: the Pittsburgh Gladiators, Denver Dynamite, Washington Commandos, and Chicago Bruisers. Foster appointed legendary Darrel \"Mouse\" Davis, godfather of the \"run and shoot\" and modern pro offenses, as executive director of football operations. Davis hired the original coaches and was the architect of the league's original wide-open offensive playbooks."}], ["Permainan pertama dalam sejarah Liga Bola Sepak Arena dimainkan pada 19 Jun 1987, antara Gladiators dan Commandos di Pittsburgh Civic Arena di hadapan 12,117 peminat. Permainan ini sengaja tidak disiarkan supaya dapat dianalisis dan apa-apa keganasan dan kegagalan tidak akan tertakluk kepada pengawasan awam nasional. Berikutan permainan sulung, tweak dan pelarasan dibuat, dan musim pertama berlanjutan. Dynamite dan Bruisers bermain di pertandingan AFL yang disiarkan di televisyen pada malam berikutnya, pada 20 Jun 1987, di Rosemont Horizon di pinggir bandar Chicago di ESPN dengan Bob Rathbun dan Lee Corso memanggilnya. Siaran menunjukkan klip pendek permainan Commandos-Gladiators. Setiap pasukan memainkan enam perlawanan, dua menentang pasukan lain. Dua pasukan teratas, Denver dan Pittsburgh, kemudian bertanding dalam kejohanan AFL kejuaraan pertama, ArenaBowl I. <> Pada tarikh apakah permainan sulung AFL dimainkan? || 19 Jun 1987 <> Bersama dengan Komando, yang bermain di pertandingan Arena Football League pertama? || Gladiators <> Berapa ramai penonton menonton pertandingan Arena Football League pertama? || 12,117 <> Pada tarikh apakah permainan pertama AFL yang disiarkan di televisyen? || 20 Jun 1987 <> Di mana tempat permainan pertandingan Arena Bola Sepak televisyen pertama yang berlaku? || Rosemont Horizon", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the inaugural game of the AFL played?", "id": "56e7993000c9c71400d77351", "answers": [{"text": "June 19, 1987", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Commandos, who played in the first Arena Football League game?", "id": "56e7993000c9c71400d77352", "answers": [{"text": "Gladiators", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many spectators watched the first Arena Football League game?", "id": "56e7993000c9c71400d77353", "answers": [{"text": "12,117", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was the first AFL game that aired on television?", "id": "56e7993000c9c71400d77354", "answers": [{"text": "June 20, 1987", "answer_start": 498}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what venue did the first televised Arena Football League game occur?", "id": "56e7993000c9c71400d77355", "answers": [{"text": "the Rosemont Horizon", "answer_start": 516}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first game in Arena Football League history was played on June 19, 1987, between the Gladiators and Commandos at Pittsburgh Civic Arena in front of 12,117 fans. The game was deliberately not televised so that it could be analyzed and any follies and failures would not be subject to national public scrutiny. Following the inaugural game, tweaks and adjustments were made, and the first season continued. The Dynamite and Bruisers played in the first-ever televised AFL game the next night, on June 20, 1987, at the Rosemont Horizon in suburban Chicago on ESPN with Bob Rathbun and Lee Corso calling the play. The broadcast showed a short clip of the Commandos-Gladiators game. Each team played six games, two against each other team. The top two teams, Denver and Pittsburgh, then competed in the first-ever AFL championship game, ArenaBowl I."}], ["Permainan ujian dimainkan di Rockford, Illinois, di Rockford MetroCentre. Penaja dijamin, pemain dan jurulatih dari kolej tempatan telah diambil untuk sukarela bermain untuk pasukan, ahli politik Chicago dan Rockford Metros, dengan jaminan mencuba sekiranya liga melepaskan diri. Minat cukup tinggi berikutan permainan ujian awal yang Foster memutuskan untuk meletakkan satu lagi, \"mempamerkan\", permainan. Permainan kedua telah diadakan pada 26 Februari 1987 di Rosemont Horizon di Chicago dengan anggaran $ 20,000, naik dari $ 4,000 dalam permainan ujian. Foster juga menjemput ESPN menghantar kru filem ke permainan; pakej kemuncak yang disiarkan di SportsCenter. <> Dalam apa bandar dan negeri apakah permainan ujian bola sepak arena berlaku? || Rockford, Illinois <> Di mana tempat permainan ujian berlaku? || Rockford MetroCentre <> Bersama dengan Rockford Metros, apakah nama pasukan lain yang bermain dalam permainan ujian? || Ahli Politik Chicago <> Pada tarikh apa permainan ujian kedua berlaku? || 26 Februari 1987 <> Permainan ujian kedua dimainkan di arena apa? || Rosemont Horizon", {"qas": [{"question": "In what city and state did the arena football test game take place?", "id": "56e7985000c9c71400d7733d", "answers": [{"text": "Rockford, Illinois", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what venue did the test game occur?", "id": "56e7985000c9c71400d7733e", "answers": [{"text": "Rockford MetroCentre", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Rockford Metros, what was the name of the other team that played in the test game?", "id": "56e7985000c9c71400d7733f", "answers": [{"text": "Chicago Politicians", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did the second test game take place?", "id": "56e7985000c9c71400d77340", "answers": [{"text": "February 26, 1987", "answer_start": 442}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The second test game was played in what arena?", "id": "56e7985000c9c71400d77341", "answers": [{"text": "Rosemont Horizon", "answer_start": 467}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The test game was played in Rockford, Illinois, at the Rockford MetroCentre. Sponsors were secured, and players and coaches from local colleges were recruited to volunteer to play for the teams, the Chicago Politicians and Rockford Metros, with the guarantee of a tryout should the league take off. Interest was high enough following the initial test game that Foster decided to put on a second, \"showcase\", game. The second game was held on February 26, 1987 at the Rosemont Horizon in Chicago with a budget of $20,000, up from $4,000 in the test game. Foster also invited ESPN to send a film crew to the game; a highlights package aired on SportsCenter."}], ["Jim Foster, pengurus promosi dengan Liga Bola Sepak Kebangsaan, yang memikirkan bola sepak dalaman sambil menonton perlawanan bola sepak di Madison Square Garden pada tahun 1981. Semasa permainan, dia menulis ideanya pada sampul 9x12, dengan lakaran lapangan dan nota pada permainan. Beliau menyampaikan idea kepada beberapa kawan di pejabat NFL, di mana beliau menerima pujian dan dorongan untuk konsepnya. Selepas memantapkan peraturan dan pelan perniagaan, dan ditambah dengan lakaran oleh seorang artis profesional, Foster menyampaikan gagasannya kepada pelbagai rangkaian televisyen. Dia mencapai persetujuan dengan NBC untuk \"permainan ujian\". <> Siapa majikan Jim Foster sebelum mendirikan Liga Bola Sepak Arena? || Liga Bola Sepak Kebangsaan <> Apa yang dilihat oleh Jim Foster ketika dia datang dengan ide untuk bola sepak arena? || Perlawanan bola sepak dalaman <> Dimana Jim Foster ketika dia datang dengan idea untuk bola sepak arena? || Madison Square Garden <> Dalam tahun apakah Jim Foster membayangkan idea bola sepak arena? || 1981 <> Apa rangkaian televisyen bersetuju untuk menyiarkan permainan ujian bola sepak arena? || NBC", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was Jim Foster's employer prior to his founding the Arena Football League?", "id": "56e797a637bdd419002c41c9", "answers": [{"text": "the National Football League", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Jim Foster viewing when he came up with the idea for arena football?", "id": "56e797a637bdd419002c41ca", "answers": [{"text": "an indoor soccer match", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Jim Foster when he came up with the idea for arena football?", "id": "56e797a637bdd419002c41cb", "answers": [{"text": "Madison Square Garden", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Jim Foster conceive of the idea of arena football?", "id": "56e797a637bdd419002c41cc", "answers": [{"text": "1981", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What television network agreed to broadcast an arena football test game?", "id": "56e797a637bdd419002c41cd", "answers": [{"text": "NBC", "answer_start": 588}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Jim Foster, a promotions manager with the National Football League, conceived of indoor football while watching an indoor soccer match at Madison Square Garden in 1981. While at the game, he wrote his idea on a 9x12 envelope, with sketches of the field and notes on gameplay. He presented the idea to a few friends at the NFL offices, where he received praise and encouragement for his concept. After solidifying the rules and a business plan, and supplemented with sketches by a professional artist, Foster presented his idea to various television networks. He reached an agreement with NBC for a \"test game\"."}], ["Rancangan untuk bola sepak arena ditunda pada tahun 1982 apabila Liga Bola Sepak Amerika Syarikat dilancarkan. Foster meninggalkan NFL untuk menerima kedudukan dalam USFL. Dia akhirnya menjadi naib presiden eksekutif dengan Chicago Blitz, di mana dia kembali kepada konsep bola sepaknya. Pada tahun 1983, beliau mula menganjurkan permainan ujian pada masa lapangnya dari tugasnya dengan Blitz. Pada tahun 1985, USFL telah menghentikan operasi bola sepak dan dia mula menumpukan sepenuh masa untuk bola sepak arena, dan pada 27 April 1986, konsepnya telah direalisasikan ketika permainan ujian dimainkan. <> Apa liga bola sepak bermula pada tahun 1982? || Liga Bola Sepak Amerika Syarikat <> Apa pasukan di USFL yang dilakukan oleh Jim Foster? || Chicago Blitz <> Bilakah ditutup USFL? || 1985 <> Pada tarikh apakah permainan uji sepak bola arena dimainkan? || April 27, 1986 <> Apakah tajuk pekerjaan Foster dengan Chicago Blitz? || Naib Presiden Eksekutif", {"qas": [{"question": "What football league began in 1982?", "id": "56e797ef00c9c71400d77333", "answers": [{"text": "the United States Football League", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What team in the USFL did Jim Foster work for?", "id": "56e797ef00c9c71400d77334", "answers": [{"text": "Chicago Blitz", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the USFL shut down?", "id": "56e797ef00c9c71400d77335", "answers": [{"text": "1985", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was the arena football test game played?", "id": "56e797ef00c9c71400d77336", "answers": [{"text": "April 27, 1986", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Foster's job title with the Chicago Blitz?", "id": "56e797ef00c9c71400d77337", "answers": [{"text": "executive vice-president", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Plans for arena football were put on hold in 1982 as the United States Football League was launched. Foster left the NFL to accept a position in the USFL. He eventually became executive vice-president with the Chicago Blitz, where he returned to his concept of arena football. In 1983, he began organizing the test game in his spare time from his job with the Blitz. By 1985, the USFL had ceased football operations and he began devoting all his time to arena football, and on April 27, 1986, his concept was realized when the test game was played."}], ["Untuk musim 2015, liga itu terdiri daripada 12 pasukan, semuanya dari Amerika Syarikat; Namun, setelah selesai musim reguler, liga mengumumkan bahawa kedua-dua tim yang telah menganggap operasi selama musim ini akan menghentikan semua operasi dengan segera; permainan musim biasa yang dijadualkan antara kedua-duanya telah dibatalkan dan mengisytiharkan pertandingan. Seterusnya, salah satu pasukan yang tinggal, Spokane Shock, memutuskan hubungan dengan liga untuk menyertai IFL yang bersaing. AFL dibahagikan kepada dua persidangan - Konferens Amerika dan Persidangan Kebangsaan. Bermula 2016, setiap persidangan hanya akan mempunyai empat pasukan apabila juara San Jose SaberCats diumumkan pada November 2015 bahawa mereka telah menghentikan kegiatan untuk \"alasan yang tidak dikaitkan dengan operasi Liga.\" <> Berapa banyak pasukan yang bermain di Arena Football League pada musim 2015? || 12 <> Pasukan mana yang meninggalkan AFL selepas musim 2015 untuk menyertai liga lain? || Spokane Shock <> Apa liga buat Spokane Shock menyertai selepas musim 2015? || IFL <> Bersama dengan Persidangan Amerika, apakah persidangan lain dalam AFL? || Persidangan Kebangsaan <> Setakat 2016, berapa ramai pasukan yang mempunyai setiap persidangan? || empat", {"qas": [{"question": "How many teams played in the Arena Football League in the 2015 season?", "id": "56e7969700c9c71400d77315", "answers": [{"text": "12", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What team left the AFL after the 2015 season to join another league?", "id": "56e7969700c9c71400d77316", "answers": [{"text": "Spokane Shock", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What league did the Spokane Shock join after the 2015 season?", "id": "56e7969700c9c71400d77317", "answers": [{"text": "IFL", "answer_start": 481}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the American Conference, what is the other conference in the AFL?", "id": "56e7969700c9c71400d77318", "answers": [{"text": "National Conference", "answer_start": 558}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of 2016, how many teams does each conference have?", "id": "56e7969700c9c71400d77319", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 625}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "For its 2015 season, the league consisted of 12 teams, all from the United States; however, upon the completion of the regular season, the league announced that the two teams it had assumed operation of during the season would cease all operations effective immediately; a regular season game slated between the two had previously been canceled and declared a tie. Subsequently, one of the remaining teams, the Spokane Shock, severed its ties with the league to join the competing IFL. The AFL is divided into two conferences  \u2013  the American Conference and National Conference. Starting 2016, each conference will have only four teams as the champion San Jose SaberCats announced in November 2015 that they were ceasing activity for \"reasons not associated with League operations.\""}], ["Musim tetap 2016 terdiri daripada jadual 18 minggu di mana setiap pasukan memainkan 16 perlawanan dan dua minit lagi. Setiap pasukan memainkan dua atau tiga perlawanan menentang pasukan dalam persidangan sendiri, dan dua perlawanan (rumah / jalan) terhadap setiap pasukan yang saling bertanding. Musim 2015 bermula pada minggu terakhir bulan Mac dan berlari mingguan ke akhir Ogos. Pada akhir musim tetap, semua pasukan dari setiap persidangan (pemenang persidangan dan tiga pasukan liar liar) bermain di playoff AFL, kejohanan tunggal penghapusan tunggal lapan pasukan yang memuncak dengan permainan kejohanan, yang dikenali sebagai ArenaBowl. Dari 1987 hingga 2004, 2010 dan 2011 dan sekali lagi bermula pada tahun 2014, permainan ini dimainkan di tapak pasukan pilihan yang lebih tinggi. Dari tahun 2005 hingga 2008, permainan berada di laman netral, Las Vegas dan New Orleans. Pada tahun 2012, kejohanan liga kembali ke laman netral dan ArenaBowl XXV telah diadakan di New Orleans Arena; ArenaBowl XXVI telah diadakan di Orlando. Musim 2016 akan bermula pada 1 April 2016. <> Pada tahun 2016, berapa musim musim panas bermain pasukan AFL? || 16 <> Berapa lama musim reguler AFL? || 18-minggu <> Dalam bulan berapa musim 2015 AFL bermula? || Mac <> Bulan berapa musim AFL 2015 berakhir? || Ogos <> Apakah nama kejohanan AFL? || ArenaBowl", {"qas": [{"question": "As of 2016, how many regular season games does an AFL team play?", "id": "56e796f800c9c71400d7731f", "answers": [{"text": "16", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long is the AFL regular season?", "id": "56e796f800c9c71400d77320", "answers": [{"text": "18-week", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month did the 2015 AFL season begin?", "id": "56e796f800c9c71400d77321", "answers": [{"text": "March", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What month did the 2015 AFL season end?", "id": "56e796f800c9c71400d77322", "answers": [{"text": "August", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the AFL championship game?", "id": "56e796f800c9c71400d77323", "answers": [{"text": "ArenaBowl", "answer_start": 588}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The 2016 regular season consists of an 18-week schedule during which each team plays 16 games and two bye weeks. Each team plays two or three games against the teams within its own conference, and two games (home/road) against each team interconference-wise. The 2015 season started during the last week of March and ran weekly into late August. At the end of the regular season, all teams from each conference (the conference winner and three wild card teams) play in the AFL playoffs, an eight-team single-elimination tournament that culminates with the championship game, known as the ArenaBowl. From 1987 to 2004, 2010 and 2011 and again starting in 2014, the game was played at the site of the higher seeded team. From 2005 to 2008, the games were at neutral sites, Las Vegas and New Orleans. In 2012, the league championship returned to a neutral site and ArenaBowl XXV was held at the New Orleans Arena; ArenaBowl XXVI was held in Orlando. The 2016 season will begin April 1, 2016."}], ["Selepas 12 tahun sebagai pesuruhjaya AFL, David Baker bersara tanpa disangka pada 25 Julai 2008, hanya dua hari sebelum ArenaBowl XXII; Timbalan Pesuruhjaya Ed Polisi dinamakan sebagai Pesuruhjaya sementara sehingga pengganti Baker ditemui. Baker menjelaskan, \"Apabila saya mengambil alih sebagai pesuruhjaya, saya fikir ia akan menjadi satu tahun dan ia menjadi 12. Tetapi kini sudah tiba masanya.\" <> Siapa Pesuruhjaya Arena Football League untuk separuh pertama tahun 2008? || David Baker <> Berapa tahunkah David Baker berkhidmat sebagai pesuruhjaya AFL? || 12 <> Pada tarikh apa Baker meletak jawatan sebagai pesuruhjaya AFL? || 25 Julai 2008 <> Apa acara Arena Football League berlangsung dua hari selepas peletakan jawatan Baker? || ArenaBowl XXII <> Siapa yang sementara berkhidmat dalam jawatan Pesuruhjaya selepas keberangkatan Baker? || Dasar Ed", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the commissioner of the Arena Football League for the first half of 2008?", "id": "56e79d8200c9c71400d773c9", "answers": [{"text": "David Baker", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For how many years did David Baker serve as commissioner of the AFL?", "id": "56e79d8200c9c71400d773ca", "answers": [{"text": "12", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did Baker step down as commissioner of the AFL?", "id": "56e79d8200c9c71400d773cb", "answers": [{"text": "July 25, 2008", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Arena Football League event occurred two days after Baker's resignation?", "id": "56e79d8200c9c71400d773cc", "answers": [{"text": "ArenaBowl XXII", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who temporarily served in the commissioner's post after Baker's departure?", "id": "56e79d8200c9c71400d773cd", "answers": [{"text": "Ed Policy", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After 12 years as commissioner of the AFL, David Baker retired unexpectedly on July 25, 2008, just two days before ArenaBowl XXII; deputy commissioner Ed Policy was named interim commissioner until Baker's replacement was found. Baker explained, \"When I took over as commissioner, I thought it would be for one year. It turned into 12. But now it's time.\""}], ["Pada tahun 1993, liga melancarkan Permainan All-Star pertama di Des Moines, Iowa, rumah masa depan Barnstormers Iowa yang lama, sebagai penggalangan dana untuk mangsa banjir di kawasan itu. Persidangan Kebangsaan mengalahkan Persidangan Amerika 64-40 di hadapan orang ramai sebanyak 7,189. Permainan Allstar kedua adalah pada Oktober 2013, dengan dua perlawanan, yang pertama di Honolulu, Hawai'i, yang kedua berada di Beijing, China. <> Apa peristiwa penting dalam AFL yang pertama berlaku pada tahun 1993? || Permainan All-Star pertama <> Dalam apa bandar dan negeri apakah yang berlaku pada 1993 All-Star Game? || Des Moines, Iowa <> Apa pasukan AFL akan berpusat di Des Moines? || Iowa Barnstormers <> Persidangan apa yang hilang Permainan All-Star pertama? || Persidangan Amerika <> Berapa poin skor Persidangan Kebangsaan dalam Permainan All-Star pertama? || 64", {"qas": [{"question": "What notable event in the AFL first occurred in 1993?", "id": "56e79c0637bdd419002c4217", "answers": [{"text": "first All-Star Game", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city and state did the 1993 All-Star Game occur?", "id": "56e79c0637bdd419002c4218", "answers": [{"text": "Des Moines, Iowa", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What AFL team would be based in Des Moines?", "id": "56e79c0637bdd419002c4219", "answers": [{"text": "Iowa Barnstormers", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What conference lost the first All-Star Game?", "id": "56e79c0637bdd419002c421a", "answers": [{"text": "American Conference", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many points did the National Conference score in the first All-Star Game?", "id": "56e79c0637bdd419002c421b", "answers": [{"text": "64", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1993, the league staged its first All-Star Game in Des Moines, Iowa, the future home of the long-running Iowa Barnstormers, as a fundraiser for flood victims in the area. The National Conference defeated the American Conference 64\u201340 in front of a crowd of 7,189. The second Allstar game was in Oct. 2013, with two games, the first in Honolulu, Hawai'i, the second being in Beijing, China."}], ["Pada tahun 2003, musim ini berkembang menjadi 16 perlawanan. Terdapat juga beberapa perubahan peraturan dalam tempoh ini. Pada tahun 2005, pemain tidak lagi dibenarkan keluar dari batas. Satu-satunya cara untuk pemain keluar dari batas sekarang ialah jika dia ditangani atau sengaja menghubungi papan sebelah. Ini juga tahun pertama ArenaBowl dimainkan di laman netral. Pada tahun 2007, penggantian bebas telah dibenarkan, mengakhiri era \"lelaki besi\" satu bola sepak satu peleton. Dan pada tahun 2008, linebacker \"baja\" dibenarkan masuk sideboard ke sideboard tanpa dihukum kerana \"pertahanan haram\". <> Berapa banyak permainan yang merangkumi musim AFL pada tahun 2003? || 16 <> Pada tahun apakah peraturan pertama melarang pemain kehabisan batas? || 2005 <> Pada tahun apakah ArenaBowl pertama kali dimainkan di lokasi yang neutral? || 2005 <> Tahun berapa yang memperkenalkan peraturan penggantian percuma? || 2007 <> Tahun berapa melihat perubahan peraturan yang memberi impak kepada peranan linebacker \"jack\"? || 2008", {"qas": [{"question": "How many games made up the AFL season in 2003?", "id": "56e79d2300c9c71400d773bf", "answers": [{"text": "16", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the rules first forbid players running out of bounds?", "id": "56e79d2300c9c71400d773c0", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the ArenaBowl first played at a neutral location?", "id": "56e79d2300c9c71400d773c1", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year introduced the free substitution rule?", "id": "56e79d2300c9c71400d773c2", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year saw a rules change that had an impact on the role of the \"jack\" linebacker?", "id": "56e79d2300c9c71400d773c3", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 451}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2003, the season expanded to 16 games. There were also several rule changes in this period. In 2005, players were no longer allowed to run out of bounds. The only way for a player to go out of bounds presently is if he is tackled into or deliberately contacts the side boards. This was also the first year the ArenaBowl was played at a neutral site. In 2007, free substitution was allowed, ending the \"iron man\" era of one-platoon football. And in 2008, the \"jack\" linebacker was allowed to go sideboard to sideboard without being penalized for \"illegal defense\"."}], ["Pada hari Sabtu, 23 Julai 1989, banyak dari Amerika belajar mengenai AFL atas sebab yang tidak diingini, ketika jurulatih Pittsburgh Gladiators, Joe Haering, membuat sejarah bola sepak dengan menumbuk pesuruhjaya Jim Foster semasa permainan dengan Chicago Bruisers. Media kebangsaan berlari dengan cerita, termasuk gambar di USA Today. Permainan ini dimainkan di antara dua pasukan di Arena Arco Sacramento, sebagai sebahagian daripada lawatan 'Barnstorming America' AFL. Foster telah berjalan ke padang permainan untuk menengahi pertembungan antara kedua-dua pasukan ketika Haering, seorang bekas pembantu NFL, menumbuknya di rahang. Haering telah digantung tanpa gaji. <> Siapa jurulatih Pittsburgh Gladiators pada tahun 1989? || Joe Haering <> Apa hari minggu ini ialah 23 Julai 1989? || Sabtu <> Siapa Pesuruhjaya AFL pada tahun 1989? || Jim Foster <> Kertas apa yang memaparkan gambar kepala jurulatih Gladiators menumbuk pesuruhjaya AFL itu? || USA Today <> Dalam arena apa yang Gladiators bermain Bruisers pada 23 Julai 1989? || Arco Arena", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the coach of the Pittsburgh Gladiators in 1989?", "id": "56e79aa800c9c71400d7736f", "answers": [{"text": "Joe Haering", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What day of the week was July 23, 1989?", "id": "56e79aa800c9c71400d77370", "answers": [{"text": "Saturday", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the commissioner of the AFL in 1989?", "id": "56e79aa800c9c71400d77371", "answers": [{"text": "Jim Foster", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What paper featured a photograph of the head coach of the Gladiators punching the commissioner of the AFL?", "id": "56e79aa800c9c71400d77372", "answers": [{"text": "USA Today", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what arena were the Gladiators playing the Bruisers on July 23, 1989?", "id": "56e79aa800c9c71400d77373", "answers": [{"text": "Arco Arena", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On Saturday, July 23, 1989, much of America learned of the AFL for an unintended reason, when the Pittsburgh Gladiators' head coach, Joe Haering, made football history by punching commissioner Jim Foster during a game with the Chicago Bruisers. The national media ran with the story, including a photo in USA Today. The game was played between the two teams in Sacramento's Arco Arena, as part of the AFL's 'Barnstorming America' tour. Foster had walked onto the field of play to mediate an altercation between the two teams when Haering, a former NFL assistant, punched him in the jaw. Haering was suspended without pay."}], ["Walaupun Drive berpindah ke Massachusetts untuk musim 1994, AFL mempunyai beberapa pasukan lain yang dianggap \"dinasti\", termasuk Tampa Bay Storm (satu-satunya pasukan yang telah wujud dalam beberapa bentuk untuk semua dua puluh lapan musim yang dipertandingkan), saingan mereka Orlando Predators, San Jose SaberCats sekarang yang tidak berfungsi pada dekad ini, dan saingan mereka Arizona Rattlers. <> Di mana francais Drive berpindah ke? || Massachusetts <> Sebelum apa musim yang dipandu Drive ke negeri yang berbeza? || 1994 <> Apakah nama pasukan AFL yang berpangkalan di Tampa Bay? || Storm <> Apa pasukan yang dinamakan sebagai saingan francais Tampa Bay? || Pemangsa Orlando <> Pasukan apakah yang mana saingannya Arizona Rattlers? || San Jose SaberCats", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did the Drive franchise relocate to?", "id": "56e79b8300c9c71400d7738d", "answers": [{"text": "Massachusetts", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Before what season did the Drive move to a different state?", "id": "56e79b8300c9c71400d7738e", "answers": [{"text": "1994", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the AFL team based in Tampa Bay?", "id": "56e79b8300c9c71400d7738f", "answers": [{"text": "Storm", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What team is cited as a rival of the Tampa Bay franchise?", "id": "56e79b8300c9c71400d77390", "answers": [{"text": "Orlando Predators", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What team was the rival of the Arizona Rattlers?", "id": "56e79b8300c9c71400d77391", "answers": [{"text": "San Jose SaberCats", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although the Drive moved to Massachusetts for the 1994 season, the AFL had a number of other teams which it considered \"dynasties\", including the Tampa Bay Storm (the only team that has existed in some form for all twenty-eight contested seasons), their arch-rival the Orlando Predators, the now-defunct San Jose SaberCats of the present decade, and their rivals the Arizona Rattlers."}], ["Dari musim 1987 hingga akhir 1990-an, pendedahan yang paling banyak diterima oleh liga adalah pada ESPN, yang menyiarkan permainan yang ditunda oleh pita, sering selepas tengah malam, dan sering disunting untuk memadankan slot masa yang diberikan. Liga memperoleh liputan pertama mengenai pendedahan yang luas pada tahun 1998, ketika Arena Bowl XII disiarkan secara nasional sebagai sebahagian daripada Dunia Sukan ABC yang lama. <> Pada tahun 1987, apa stesen televisyen kadang-kadang menunjukkan permainan bola sepak? || ESPN <> Pada tahun-tahun awal bola sepak arena, selepas berapa jam permainan sering disiarkan? || tengah malam <> Apa permainan AFL disiarkan di ABC? || Arena Bowl XII <> Pada tahun apakah ABC menyiarkan permainan Arena Football League? || 1998 <> Pada apa program ABC adalah permainan AFL yang ditunjukkan? || World of Wide Sports", {"qas": [{"question": "In 1987, what television station sometimes showed arena football games?", "id": "56e79a2237bdd419002c41f9", "answers": [{"text": "ESPN", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the early years of arena football, after what hour were games often aired?", "id": "56e79a2237bdd419002c41fa", "answers": [{"text": "midnight", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What AFL game was broadcast on ABC?", "id": "56e79a2237bdd419002c41fb", "answers": [{"text": "Arena Bowl XII", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did ABC broadcast an Arena Football League game?", "id": "56e79a2237bdd419002c41fc", "answers": [{"text": "1998", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what ABC program was an AFL game shown?", "id": "56e79a2237bdd419002c41fd", "answers": [{"text": "Wide World of Sports", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From the 1987 season until the late 1990s, the most exposure the league would receive was on ESPN, which aired tape-delayed games, often well after midnight, and often edited to match the alloted time slot. The league received its first taste of wide exposure in 1998, when Arena Bowl XII was televised nationally as part of ABC's old Wide World of Sports."}], ["Salah satu cerita kejayaan awal liga ialah Detroit Drive. Pasukan utama untuk beberapa pemain AFL yang paling terkenal, termasuk George LaFrance dan Gary dan Alvin Rettig, serta menjadi peluang kerjaya kedua untuk pemain suku akhir Art Schlichter, Drive sering bermain sebelum menjual ramai di Joe Louis Arena, dan pergi ke ArenaBowl setiap tahun kewujudannya (1988-1993). Dinasti pertama AFL berakhir apabila pemiliknya, Mike Ilitch (yang juga memiliki Little Caesars Pizza dan Detroit Red Wings) membeli pasukan besbol Detroit Tigers dan menjual pasukan AFL. <> Apa pasukan yang bermain untuk Art Schlichter? || Detroit Drive <> Di manakah Detroit Drive memainkan permainan rumah mereka? || Joe Louis Arena <> Pada tahun apakah Drive pergi ke Arena Bowl pertama mereka? || 1988 <> Siapa yang memiliki Detroit Drive dalam tempoh ini? || Mike Ilitch <> Apa pasukan yang membeli pemilik membeli Detroit Drive yang membawanya untuk menjual Drive? || Detroit Tigers", {"qas": [{"question": "What team did Art Schlichter play for?", "id": "56e79b1e37bdd419002c420d", "answers": [{"text": "Detroit Drive", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Detroit Drive play their home games?", "id": "56e79b1e37bdd419002c420e", "answers": [{"text": "Joe Louis Arena", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Drive go to their first Arena Bowl?", "id": "56e79b1e37bdd419002c420f", "answers": [{"text": "1988", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who owned the Detroit Drive in this period?", "id": "56e79b1e37bdd419002c4210", "answers": [{"text": "Mike Ilitch", "answer_start": 453}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What team did the owner of the Detroit Drive buy that led him to sell the Drive?", "id": "56e79b1e37bdd419002c4211", "answers": [{"text": "Detroit Tigers", "answer_start": 540}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One of the league's early success stories was the Detroit Drive. A primary team for some of the AFL's most highly regarded players, including George LaFrance and Gary and Alvin Rettig, as well as being a second career chance for quarterback Art Schlichter, the Drive regularly played before sold out crowds at Joe Louis Arena, and went to the ArenaBowl every year of their existence (1988\u20131993). The AFL's first dynasty came to an end when their owner, Mike Ilitch (who also owned Little Caesars Pizza and the Detroit Red Wings) bought the Detroit Tigers baseball team and sold the AFL team."}], ["Pada bulan Oktober 2008, Tom Benson mengumumkan bahawa New Orleans VooDoo telah menghentikan operasi dan lipat \"berdasarkan keadaan yang menjejaskan liga dan pasukan\". Tidak lama selepas itu, satu artikel dalam Jurnal Perniagaan Sukan mengumumkan bahawa AFL mempunyai persetujuan tentatif untuk menjual kepentingan $ 100 juta dalam liga itu kepada Platinum Equity; Sebagai pertukaran, Platinum Equity akan mewujudkan satu model perniagaan entiti terpusat yang tunggal yang akan menyelaraskan operasi liga dan pasukan dan membolehkan liga menjadi lebih menguntungkan. Langkah Benson untuk menutup VooDoo datang semasa panggilan persidangan Platinum Equity, yang membawa kepada spekulasi bahawa dia telah dilipat kerana perjanjian itu. <> Pasukan apa yang dimatikan pada Oktober 2008? || New Orleans VooDoo <> Siapa yang membuat pengumuman bahawa VooDoo telah ditutup? || Tom Benson <> Perniagaan apa yang ingin membeli kepentingan dalam AFL? || Platinum Ekuiti <> Seberapa besar saham yang dibuat oleh Ekuiti Platinum ingin membeli di AFL? || $ 100 juta <> Apakah penerbitan mengumumkan perjanjian perniagaan Platinum Equity? || Jurnal Perniagaan Sukan", {"qas": [{"question": "What team shut down in October 2008?", "id": "56e79deb37bdd419002c4249", "answers": [{"text": "New Orleans VooDoo", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who made the announcement that the VooDoo were shutting down?", "id": "56e79deb37bdd419002c424a", "answers": [{"text": "Tom Benson", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What business wanted to buy a stake in the AFL?", "id": "56e79deb37bdd419002c424b", "answers": [{"text": "Platinum Equity", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How large a stake did Platinum Equity want to buy in the AFL?", "id": "56e79deb37bdd419002c424c", "answers": [{"text": "$100 million", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What publication announced the Platinum Equity business deal?", "id": "56e79deb37bdd419002c424d", "answers": [{"text": "Sports Business Journal", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In October 2008, Tom Benson announced that the New Orleans VooDoo were ceasing operations and folding \"based on circumstances currently affecting the league and the team\". Shortly thereafter, an article in Sports Business Journal announced that the AFL had a tentative agreement to sell a $100 million stake in the league to Platinum Equity; in exchange, Platinum Equity would create a centralized, single-entity business model that would streamline league and team operations and allow the league to be more profitable. Benson's move to shut down the VooDoo came during the Platinum Equity conference call, leading to speculation that he had folded because of the deal."}], ["Walaupun sesetengah pasukan telah menikmati banyak di lapangan dan juga kejayaan kewangan, banyak pasukan dalam sejarah liga telah menikmati sedikit kejayaan sama ada di dalam atau di luar padang permainan. Terdapat beberapa francais yang wujud dalam bentuk sejumlah pasukan yang tidak berkaitan dengan kumpulan pengurusan sehingga mereka melipat (contohnya adalah New York City Hawks yang pemiliknya memindahkan pasukan dari New York ke Hartford untuk menjadi Laut New England Wolves selepas dua musim, kemudian selepas dua musim dijual dan menjadi Phantoms Toronto, yang berlangsung dua musim lagi sehingga lipat). Terdapat beberapa sebab mengapa pasukan-pasukan ini gagal, termasuk kumpulan pemilikan yang lemah, kurang sokongan kewangan yang mendalam daripada sesetengah pemilik yang tidak mampu menyediakannya, kurangnya pendedahan media, dan kekurangan minat pasukan tuan rumah atau sukan secara keseluruhan. <> Pasukan apa yang New York CityHawks menjadi selepas pindah ke Hartford? || New England Sea Wolves <> Apa bandar yang dilakukan oleh Wolves Laut? || Toronto <> Berapa banyak musim CityHawks di New York? || dua <> Berapa lama Wolves Laut tinggal di Hartford? || dua musim <> Berapa banyak musim yang dilakukan oleh Toronto Phantoms? || dua", {"qas": [{"question": "What team did the New York CityHawks become after moving to Hartford?", "id": "56e79c6300c9c71400d773ab", "answers": [{"text": "New England Sea Wolves", "answer_start": 448}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city did the Sea Wolves move to?", "id": "56e79c6300c9c71400d773ac", "answers": [{"text": "Toronto", "answer_start": 546}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many seasons were the CityHawks in New York?", "id": "56e79c6300c9c71400d773ad", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did the Sea Wolves stay in Hartford?", "id": "56e79c6300c9c71400d773ae", "answers": [{"text": "two seasons", "answer_start": 509}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many seasons did the Toronto Phantoms last?", "id": "56e79c6300c9c71400d773af", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "While some teams have enjoyed considerable on-field and even financial success, many teams in the history of the league have enjoyed little success either on or off of the field of play. There are a number of franchises which existed in the form of a number of largely-unrelated teams under numerous management groups until they folded (an example is the New York CityHawks whose owners transferred the team from New York to Hartford to become the New England Sea Wolves after two seasons, then after another two seasons were sold and became the Toronto Phantoms, who lasted another two seasons until folding). There are a number of reasons why these teams failed, including financially weak ownership groups, lack of deep financial support from some owners otherwise capable of providing it, lack of media exposure, and the host city's evident lack of interest in its team or the sport as a whole."}], ["Pada tahun 2000, minat terhadap AFL meningkat. Kemudian-St. Louis Rams suku akhir Kurt Warner, yang merupakan MVP Super Bowl XXXIV, mula-mula perasan kerana dia memainkan gelandang untuk AFL's Iowa Barnstormers. Walaupun ramai pengulas dan peminat sukan terus menghina liga, cerita Warner memberi pendedahan positif liga, dan membawa liga satu perjanjian televisyen baru dengan TNN, yang, tidak seperti ESPN, permainan musim panas yang disiarkan secara langsung. Walaupun ia tidak menguntungkan dari segi kewangan, ia membantu menetapkan tahap untuk apa yang akan menjadi liga dalam alaf baru. Juga, tahun itu juga membawa liga spin-off, AF2, bertujuan untuk menjadi liga perkembangan, setanding dengan NFL Europe League of Football League. Terdapat banyak perkembangan pada tahun 2000-an. Pasukan pembesaran termasuk Austin Wranglers, Carolina Cobras, Los Angeles Avengers, Chicago Rush, Detroit Fury, Dallas Desperados, Colorado Crush, New Orleans VooDoo, Philadelphia Soul, Nashville Kats, Brigade City Kansas, New York Dragons dan Utah Blaze. Beberapa pasukan, termasuk Crush, Desperados, Kats, dan VooDoo, dimiliki oleh kumpulan yang sama yang memiliki pasukan NFL di bandar-bandar tuan rumah mereka. NFL yang dibeli, tetapi tidak pernah dilaksanakan, pilihan untuk membeli kepentingan utama AFL. Daripada semua pasukan ini, hanya Soul yang masih bersaing dalam AFL seperti sekarang. <> Apa pasukan AFL buat Kurt Warner bermain? || Iowa Barnstormers <> Kurt Warner adalah Pemain Paling Bernilai dalam apa yang Super Bowl? || Super Bowl XXXIV <> Apa pasukan NFL bermain Kurt Warner? || St Louis Rams <> Apakah rangkaian televisyen yang AFL menandatangani perjanjian pada tahun 2000? || TNN <> Apakah nama pasukan AFL yang berpangkalan di New Orleans? || VooDoo", {"qas": [{"question": "What AFL team did Kurt Warner play for?", "id": "56e79cbc37bdd419002c422b", "answers": [{"text": "Iowa Barnstormers", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Kurt Warner was the Most Valuable Player in what Super Bowl?", "id": "56e79cbc37bdd419002c422c", "answers": [{"text": "Super Bowl XXXIV", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What NFL team did Kurt Warner play for?", "id": "56e79cbc37bdd419002c422d", "answers": [{"text": "St. Louis Rams", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What television network did the AFL sign a deal with in 2000?", "id": "56e79cbc37bdd419002c422e", "answers": [{"text": "TNN", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the AFL team based in New Orleans?", "id": "56e79cbc37bdd419002c422f", "answers": [{"text": "VooDoo", "answer_start": 928}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The year 2000 brought heightened interest in the AFL. Then-St. Louis Rams quarterback Kurt Warner, who was MVP of Super Bowl XXXIV, was first noticed because he played quarterback for the AFL's Iowa Barnstormers. While many sports commentators and fans continued to ridicule the league, Warner's story gave the league positive exposure, and it brought the league a new television deal with TNN, which, unlike ESPN, televised regular season games live. While it was not financially lucrative, it helped set the stage for what the league would become in the new millennium. Also, the year also brought a spin-off league, the AF2, intended to be a developmental league, comparable to the National Football League's NFL Europe. There was a lot of expansion in the 2000s. Expansion teams included the Austin Wranglers, Carolina Cobras, Los Angeles Avengers, Chicago Rush, Detroit Fury, Dallas Desperados, Colorado Crush, New Orleans VooDoo, Philadelphia Soul, Nashville Kats, Kansas City Brigade, New York Dragons and Utah Blaze. Some of these teams, including the Crush, Desperados, Kats, and VooDoo, were owned by the same group which owned the NFL teams in their host cities. The NFL purchased, but never exercised, an option to buy a major interest the AFL. Of all of these teams, only the Soul still compete in the AFL as of now."}], ["Semua aset Liga Bola Sepak Arena telah diletakkan untuk lelong. Pada 11 November 2009, liga baru mengumumkan hasratnya untuk membeli keseluruhan aset bekas AFL itu; aset termasuk nama pasukan dan logo semua tetapi satu daripada bekas pasukan AFL dan af2. Pengecualian tunggal adalah Dallas Desperados; Pemilik Desperados, Jerry Jones sengaja mereka bentuk hartanah Desperados di sekitar Dallas Cowboys, menjadikan kedua-dua itu tidak dapat dipisahkan. Lelongan itu berlaku pada 25 November 2009. Aset tersebut telah dianugerahkan kepada Arena Football 1 pada 7 Disember 2009, dengan tawaran menang $ 6.1 juta. <> Siapa yang memiliki Dallas Desperados? || Jerry Jones <> Bilakah lelongan yang diumumkan untuk aset Arena Football League? || 11 November 2009 <> Bilakah lelongan untuk aset Liga Bola Sepak Arena berlaku? || 25 November 2009 <> Siapa yang memenangi lelongan untuk aset AFL? || Arena Bola Sepak 1 <> Apakah harga pembelian bagi aset Liga Bola Sepak Arena? || $ 6.1 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "Who owned the Dallas Desperados?", "id": "56e7a0e400c9c71400d77427", "answers": [{"text": "Jerry Jones", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was an auction announced for the Arena Football League's assets?", "id": "56e7a0e400c9c71400d77428", "answers": [{"text": "November 11, 2009", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the auction for the Arena Football League's assets take place?", "id": "56e7a0e500c9c71400d77429", "answers": [{"text": "November 25, 2009", "answer_start": 489}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who won the auction for the AFL's assets?", "id": "56e7a0e500c9c71400d7742a", "answers": [{"text": "Arena Football 1", "answer_start": 535}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the purchase price for the Arena Football League's assets?", "id": "56e7a0e500c9c71400d7742b", "answers": [{"text": "$6.1 million", "answer_start": 595}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "All assets of the Arena Football League were put up for auction. On November 11, 2009, the new league announced its intention to purchase the entire assets of the former AFL; the assets included the team names and logos of all but one of the former AFL and af2 teams. The lone exception was that of the Dallas Desperados; Desperados owner Jerry Jones had purposely designed the Desperados' properties around those of the Dallas Cowboys, making the two inseparable. The auction occurred on November 25, 2009. The assets were awarded to Arena Football 1 on December 7, 2009, with a winning bid of $6.1 million."}], ["Berikutan penggantungan musim 2009 AFL, para pegawai liga dan pemilik af2 (yang telah memainkan musimnya seperti yang dijadualkan) mula membincangkan masa depan bola sepak arena dan dua liga. Dengan 50.1 peratus pemilikan af2, kebangkrutan dan pembubaran AFL mendorong pembubaran AF2 juga. Liga itu secara rasmi dianggap dibubarkan pada 8 September 2009, ketika pemilik tidak melakukan komitmennya pada musim kesebelas liga dengan batas waktu itu. Atas sebab undang-undang, para pegawai dan pemilik liga bersetuju untuk membentuk entiti undang-undang baru, Arena Sepakbola 1 (AF1), dengan bekas pasukan AFL Arizona Rattlers dan Orlando Predators bergabung dengan bekas af2. <> Apa peratus af2 dimiliki oleh AFL? || 50.1 <> Pada tarikh apa yang dianggap sebagai dibubarkan? || 8 September 2009 <> Apa entiti undang-undang dibuat oleh pemilik liga af2? || Arena Bola Sepak 1 <> Bersama Orlando Predators, apa yang pernah menjadi pasukan Liga Bola Sepak Arena menyertai AF2? || Arizona Rattlers <> Apa musim Arena Football League digantung? || 2009", {"qas": [{"question": "What percent of af2 was owned by the AFL?", "id": "56e7a08700c9c71400d77413", "answers": [{"text": "50.1", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was af2 regarded as disbanded?", "id": "56e7a08700c9c71400d77414", "answers": [{"text": "September 8, 2009", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What legal entity was created by af2 league owners?", "id": "56e7a08700c9c71400d77415", "answers": [{"text": "Arena Football 1", "answer_start": 558}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Orlando Predators, what former Arena Football League team joined af2?", "id": "56e7a08700c9c71400d77416", "answers": [{"text": "Arizona Rattlers", "answer_start": 608}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Arena Football League season was suspended?", "id": "56e7a08700c9c71400d77417", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Following the suspension of the AFL's 2009 season, league officials and owners of af2 (which had played its season as scheduled) began discussing the future of arena football and the two leagues. With its 50.1 percent ownership of af2, the AFL's bankruptcy and dissolution prompted the dissolution of af2 as well. That league was formally considered disbanded on September 8, 2009, when no owner committed his or her team to the league's eleventh season by that deadline. For legal reasons, af2 league officials and owners agreed to form a new legal entity, Arena Football 1 (AF1), with former AFL teams the Arizona Rattlers and Orlando Predators joining the former af2."}], ["Harapan yang tinggi untuk AFL merosot ketika pesuruhjaya sementara Ed Ed mengumumkan perletakan jawatannya, memetik keusangan kedudukannya dalam liga reformatted. Dua minggu kemudian, Los Angeles Avengers mengumumkan bahawa mereka secara rasmi melipat francais. Satu bulan kemudian, liga melewatkan tarikh akhir untuk mengesahkan perjanjian perundingan kolektif yang baru dan mengumumkan bahawa ia telah menghapuskan insurans kesihatan bagi para pemain. Kemajuan dalam pemulangan terhenti, dan tiada pengumuman dibuat mengenai masa depan liga. <> Apakah tajuk kerja Ed Polisi? || Pesuruhjaya sementara <> Selepas Ed Polisi meletak jawatan, apakah francais ditutup? || Los Angeles Avengers <> Berapa minggu selepas perletakan jawatan Dasar membuat lompatan Avengers? || Dua <> Berapa lama selepas penutupan Avengers itu, liga gagal untuk mengesahkan perjanjian tawar-menawar kolektif baru? || Satu bulan <> Apakah sebabnya Dasar memberikan peletakan jawatannya? || kegemilangan kedudukannya dalam liga yang telah diperbaharui", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the job title of Ed Policy?", "id": "56e79f2900c9c71400d773f7", "answers": [{"text": "interim commissioner", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After Ed Policy resigned, what franchise closed?", "id": "56e79f2900c9c71400d773f8", "answers": [{"text": "Los Angeles Avengers", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many weeks after Policy's resignation did the Avengers fold?", "id": "56e79f2900c9c71400d773f9", "answers": [{"text": "Two", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long after the shuttering of the Avengers did the league fail to ratify the new collective bargaining agreement?", "id": "56e79f2900c9c71400d773fa", "answers": [{"text": "One month", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What reason did Policy give for his resignation?", "id": "56e79f2900c9c71400d773fb", "answers": [{"text": "the obsolescence of his position in the reformatted league", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "High hopes for the AFL waned when interim commissioner Ed Policy announced his resignation, citing the obsolescence of his position in the reformatted league. Two weeks later, the Los Angeles Avengers announced that they were formally folding the franchise. One month later, the league missed the deadline to formally ratify the new collective bargaining agreement and announced that it was eliminating health insurance for the players. Progress on the return stalled, and no announcements were made regarding the future of the league."}], ["Pada 17 Februari 2010, AF1 mengumumkan akan menggunakan nama \"Arena Football League\". Liga itu mengumumkan rancangan untuk musim yang akan datang dan butiran kontraknya dengan NFL Network untuk menyiarkan permainan AFL pada 2010. Pasukan AF1 diberi pilihan memulihkan nama sejarah kepada pasukan mereka. Sebagai tambahan kepada pasukan sejarah, liga menambah dua francais pengembangan baru, Vigilantes Dallas dan Jeruk Jacksonville. <> Pada tarikh apa AF1 mengumumkan bahawa ia akan dipanggil Arena Football League? || 17 Februari 2010 <> Rangkaian televisyen apa yang dikontrak untuk menunjukkan permainan Liga Bola Sepak Arena pada 2010? || NFL Network <> Berapa banyak pasukan pengembangan yang diumumkan pada tahun 2010? || Dua <> Bersama dengan Vigilantes Dallas, pasukan pengembangan apa yang diumumkan pada tahun 2010? || Jacksonville Sharks", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date did AF1 announce that it would be called the Arena Football League?", "id": "56e7a13d00c9c71400d77431", "answers": [{"text": "February 17, 2010", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What television network was contracted to show Arena Football League games in 2010?", "id": "56e7a13d00c9c71400d77432", "answers": [{"text": "NFL Network", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many expansion teams were announced in 2010?", "id": "56e7a13d00c9c71400d77433", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Dallas Vigilantes, what expansion team was announced in 2010?", "id": "56e7a13d00c9c71400d77434", "answers": [{"text": "Jacksonville Sharks", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On February 17, 2010, AF1 announced it would use the \"Arena Football League\" name. The league announced plans for the upcoming season and details of its contract with NFL Network to broadcast AFL games in 2010. AF1 teams were given the option of restoring historical names to their teams. In addition to the historical teams, the league added two new expansion franchises, the Dallas Vigilantes and the Jacksonville Sharks."}], ["Ia diumumkan pada 12 Disember 2012, bahawa AFL mencapai perjanjian perkongsian dengan NET10 Wireless untuk menjadi liga sukan professional yang berkaitan bukan sukan bermotor pertama di Amerika Syarikat untuk memiliki penaja tajuk, menamakan semula Liga Bola Sepak Arena NET10 Wireless Arena. Laman web yang direka bentuk semula menunjukkan logo baharu yang memasukkan logo AFL semasa dengan yang dari NET10 Wireless. Perjanjian penajaan tajuk berakhir pada 2014 selepas perkongsian dua tahun. <> Pada tarikh apakah AFL mengumumkan perjanjian tajaannya? || 12 Disember 2012 <> Apa perniagaan penaja tajuk AFL? || NET10 Wireless <> Apakah liga itu dinamakan semula selepas perjanjian penajaan tajuk? || NET10 Wireless Arena Football League <> Bilakah perjanjian penajaan tajuk AFL berakhir? || 2014 <> Berapa tahun perjanjian tajaan AFL terakhir? || dua", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date did the AFL announce its title sponsorship deal?", "id": "56e7a28800c9c71400d7744d", "answers": [{"text": "December 12, 2012", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What business was the title sponsor of the AFL?", "id": "56e7a28800c9c71400d7744e", "answers": [{"text": "NET10 Wireless", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the league renamed after the title sponsorship deal?", "id": "56e7a28800c9c71400d7744f", "answers": [{"text": "NET10 Wireless Arena Football League", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the AFL title sponsorship deal come to an end?", "id": "56e7a28800c9c71400d77450", "answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 429}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many years did the AFL title sponsorship deal last?", "id": "56e7a28800c9c71400d77451", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 442}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It was announced on December 12, 2012, that the AFL reached a partnership agreement with NET10 Wireless to be the first non-motorsports-related professional sports league in the United States to have a title sponsor, renaming it the NET10 Wireless Arena Football League. The redesigned website showed the new logo which incorporated the current AFL logo with the one from NET10 Wireless. The title sponsorship agreement ended in 2014 after a two-year partnership."}], ["Pada 20 Julai 2009, Jurnal Perniagaan Sukan melaporkan bahawa AFL berhutang kira-kira $ 14 juta kepada pemiutangnya dan menimbangkan pemfailan untuk perlindungan kebangkrutan Bab 11. Pada awal bulan Ogos 2009, banyak saluran media mula melaporkan bahawa AFL telah lipat secara kekal dan akan memfailkan untuk kebankrapan Bab 7. Liga itu mengeluarkan kenyataan pada 4 Ogos untuk kesan bahawa walaupun liga tidak lipat, ia menggantung operasi liga selama-lamanya. Walaupun demikian, beberapa peminjam liga memfailkan kertas untuk memaksa pembubaran Bab 7 jika liga tidak melakukannya secara sukarela. Permintaan ini diberikan pada 7 Ogos, walaupun ditukar kepada penyusunan semula Bab 11 pada 26 Ogos. <> Pada tarikh apa yang dilaporkan bahawa AFL sedang mempertimbangkan muflis? || 20 Julai 2009 <> Apakah penerbitan yang melaporkan bahawa Liga Bola Sepak Arena sedang memikirkan tentang kebangkrutan? || Jurnal Perniagaan Sukan <> Berapa banyak hutang yang dilaporkan oleh AFL pada 20 Julai 2009? || $ 14 juta <> Apa kebangkrutan jenis yang dilaporkan oleh liga yang dilaporkan memfailkan pada bulan Julai 2009? || Bab 11 <> Pada tarikh apa AFL mengumumkan bahawa ia tidak ditutup? || 4 Ogos", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was it reported that the AFL was considering bankruptcy?", "id": "56e79ff737bdd419002c4278", "answers": [{"text": "July 20, 2009", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What publication reported that the Arena Football League was thinking about filing bankruptcy?", "id": "56e79ff737bdd419002c4279", "answers": [{"text": "Sports Business Journal", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much debt was the AFL reported to have as of July 20, 2009?", "id": "56e79ff737bdd419002c427a", "answers": [{"text": "$14 million", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of bankruptcy was the league reportedly thinking about filing in July 2009?", "id": "56e79ff737bdd419002c427b", "answers": [{"text": "Chapter 11", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did the AFL announce that it was not shutting down?", "id": "56e79ff737bdd419002c427c", "answers": [{"text": "August 4", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On July 20, 2009, Sports Business Journal reported that the AFL owed approximately $14 million to its creditors and were considering filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. In early August 2009, numerous media outlets began reporting that the AFL was folding permanently and would file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. The league released a statement on August 4 to the effect that while the league was not folding, it was suspending league operations indefinitely. Despite this, several of the league's creditors filed papers to force a Chapter 7 liquidation if the league did not do so voluntarily. This request was granted on August 7, though converted to a Chapter 11 reorganization on August 26."}], ["Pada tahun 2012, AFL merayakan ulang tahun peraknya untuk musim ke-25 operasi. Musim ini dimulakan pada 9 Mac 2012. Tulsa Talons berpindah ke San Antonio, Texas dan Jeffrey Vinik menjadi pemilik Storm Tampa Bay. The Vigilantes Dallas telah ditinggalkan jadual untuk musim 2012 tanpa pengumuman dari pihak pengurusan, menimbulkan spekulasi bahawa sama ada pasukan itu telah menggantung operasi untuk musim ini atau menghentikan operasi sama sekali. (Ternyata yang terakhir adalah kes kerana organisasi tidak membentangkan satu pasukan untuk musim 2013 atau mana-mana yang seterusnya.) Seperti Liga Bola Sepak Kebangsaan, AFL menunda tempoh agensi percuma hingga 31 Oktober disebabkan oleh Badai Sandy. <> Apa ulang tahun yang dilakukan oleh Liga Bola Sepak Arena pada tahun 2012? || 25 <Apakah hari pertama musim 2015 AFL? || 9 Mac 2012 <> Kepada bandar apakah yang telah dipindahkan Tulsa Talons? || San Antonio <> Siapa yang membeli Storm Tampa Bay pada tahun 2012? || Jeffrey Vinik <> Kegiatan apa yang menyebabkan penangguhan tempoh agensi bebas AFL? || Badai Sandy", {"qas": [{"question": "What anniversary did the Arena Football League celebrate in 2012?", "id": "56e7a21637bdd419002c42a0", "answers": [{"text": "25th", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first day of the 2015 AFL season?", "id": "56e7a21637bdd419002c42a1", "answers": [{"text": "March 9, 2012", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what city did the Tulsa Talons relocate?", "id": "56e7a21637bdd419002c42a2", "answers": [{"text": "San Antonio", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who bought the Tampa Bay Storm in 2012?", "id": "56e7a21637bdd419002c42a3", "answers": [{"text": "Jeffrey Vinik", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What event resulted in the postponement of the AFL free agency period?", "id": "56e7a21637bdd419002c42a4", "answers": [{"text": "Hurricane Sandy", "answer_start": 682}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2012, the AFL celebrated its silver anniversary for its 25th season of operations. The season kicked off on March 9, 2012. The Tulsa Talons moved to San Antonio, Texas and Jeffrey Vinik became owner of the Tampa Bay Storm. The Dallas Vigilantes were left off the schedule for the 2012 season with no announcement from the management, raising speculations that either the team had suspended operations for the season or was ceasing operations altogether. (Apparently the latter was the case as the organization did not field a team for the 2013 season or any subsequent one either.) Like the National Football League, the AFL postponed the free agency period to October 31 due to Hurricane Sandy."}], ["Walaupun liga Arenafootball2 memainkan musim kesepuluhnya pada 2009, satu panggilan persidangan pada Disember 2008 menghasilkan suara yang cukup dari pemilik dan kerjasama dari AFLPA untuk AFL untuk menggantung keseluruhan musim 2009 untuk mewujudkan \"rancangan jangka panjang untuk memperbaiki model ekonomi \". Dengan berbuat demikian, AFL menjadi liga sukan kedua untuk membatalkan keseluruhan musim, selepas Liga Hoki Kebangsaan membatalkan musim 2004-05 kerana lockout. AFL juga menjadi liga sukan ketiga untuk kehilangan postseasonnya (pertama yang menjadi Major League Baseball, yang kalah postseasonnya pada 1994 kerana mogok). Usaha untuk memformat model perniagaan liga diletakkan di bawah kepemimpinan pemilik pemusnah Columbus Jim Renacci dan Dasar Pesuruhjaya interim. <> Apa musim yang bernombor Arenafootball2 pada tahun 2009? || kesepuluh <> Dalam bulan dan tahun apakah ia memutuskan untuk menggantung musim Arena Liga Liga 2009? || Disember 2008 <> Apa musim Liga Hoki Nasional dibatalkan? || 2004-05 <> Apa yang menyebabkan Liga Hoki Kebangsaan membatalkan musim 2004-2005? || lockout <> Siapa yang memiliki Pemusnah Columbus pada tahun 2008? || Jim Renacci", {"qas": [{"question": "What numbered season did Arenafootball2 in 2009?", "id": "56e79ec500c9c71400d773e3", "answers": [{"text": "tenth", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month and year was it decided to suspend the 2009 Arena Football League season?", "id": "56e79ec500c9c71400d773e4", "answers": [{"text": "December 2008", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What National Hockey League season was cancelled?", "id": "56e79ec500c9c71400d773e5", "answers": [{"text": "2004-05", "answer_start": 414}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What led the National Hockey League to cancel the 2004-2005 season?", "id": "56e79ec500c9c71400d773e6", "answers": [{"text": "a lockout", "answer_start": 440}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who owned the Columbus Destroyers in 2008?", "id": "56e79ec500c9c71400d773e7", "answers": [{"text": "Jim Renacci", "answer_start": 724}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although the Arenafootball2 league played its tenth season in 2009, a conference call in December 2008 resulted in enough votes from owners and cooperation from the AFLPA for the AFL to suspend the entire 2009 season in order to create \"a long-term plan to improve its economic model\". In doing so, the AFL became the second sports league to cancel an entire season, after the National Hockey League cancelled the 2004-05 season because of a lockout. The AFL also became the third sports league to lose its postseason (the first being Major League Baseball, which lost its postseason in 1994 because of a strike). Efforts to reformat the league's business model were placed under the leadership of Columbus Destroyers owner Jim Renacci and interim commissioner Policy."}], ["Kerana kehilangan secara tiba-tiba francais New Orleans, liga mengumumkan pada bulan Oktober bahawa permulaan tempoh agensi bebas akan ditangguhkan untuk menampung draf penyebaran. Tarikh akhirnya diumumkan sebagai 2 Disember untuk draf pembubaran dan 4 Disember untuk agensi percuma, tetapi tidak lama sebelum draf liga mengeluarkan siaran akhbar mengumumkan draf itu telah ditangguhkan satu hari hingga 3 Disember. Tidak lama kemudian, satu lagi siaran akhbar mengumumkan bahawa draf akan diadakan pada 9 Disember dan agensi bebas akan bermula pada 11 Disember. Walau bagaimanapun, draf itu masih tidak berlaku, dan sebaliknya satu lagi siaran akhbar dikeluarkan yang menyatakan bahawa draf dan agensi bebas telah ditangguhkan selama-lamanya. Khabar angin mula beredar bahawa liga berada dalam kesulitan dan di ambang lipat, tetapi pemilik menafikan tuntutan tersebut. Ia tidak lama kemudian mendedahkan kesatuan pemain telah bersetuju untuk memotong topi gaji untuk musim 2009 untuk mengelakkan total operasi berhenti. Walau bagaimanapun, pelaburan Ekuiti Platinum yang diumumkan tidak pernah berlaku. <> Pada tarikh apakah draf pembubaran pertama dijadualkan berlaku? || 2 Disember <> Kepada tarikh apakah draf pembubaran pertama ditangguhkan? || 3 Disember <> Selepas penangguhan kedua, bilakah jadual draf penyebaran berlaku? || 9 Disember <> Bilakah agensi bebas mula dijadualkan? || 4 Disember <> Bilakah agensi bebas dijadualkan untuk memulakan selepas penangguhan? || 11 Disember", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the dispersal draft first scheduled to occur?", "id": "56e79e5c37bdd419002c425d", "answers": [{"text": "December 2", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what date was the dispersal draft first delayed?", "id": "56e79e5c37bdd419002c425e", "answers": [{"text": "December 3", "answer_start": 410}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After the second delay, when was the dispersal draft schedule to occur?", "id": "56e79e5c37bdd419002c425f", "answers": [{"text": "December 9", "answer_start": 506}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was free agency first scheduled to begin?", "id": "56e79e5c37bdd419002c4260", "answers": [{"text": "December 4", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was free agency scheduled to begin after the delay?", "id": "56e79e5c37bdd419002c4261", "answers": [{"text": "December 11", "answer_start": 551}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Because of the sudden loss of the New Orleans franchise, the league announced in October that the beginning of the free agency period would be delayed in order to accommodate a dispersal draft. Dates were eventually announced as December 2 for the dispersal draft and December 4 for free agency, but shortly before the draft the league issued a press release announcing the draft had been postponed one day to December 3. Shortly thereafter, another press release announced that the draft would be held on December 9 and free agency would commence on December 11. However, the draft still never took place, and instead another press release was issued stating that both the draft and free agency had been postponed indefinitely. Rumors began circulating that the league was in trouble and on the verge of folding, but owners denied those claims. It was soon revealed the players' union had agreed to cut the salary cap for the 2009 season to prevent a total cessation of operations. However, the announced Platinum Equity investment never materialized."}], ["Untuk musim 2011, Jiwa Philadelphia, Briged City Kansas, San Jose SaberCats, New Orleans VooDoo, dan Georgia Force kembali ke AFL selepas bermain terakhir pada 2008. Walau bagaimanapun, Grand Rapids Rampage, Colorado Crush, Columbus Destroyers, Los Angeles Avengers, dan New York Dragons tidak kembali. Liga menambah satu pasukan pengembangan, Pittsburgh Power. Bekas pensyarah Pittsburgh Steelers yang luas Lynn Swann adalah salah seorang pemilik pasukan. Ini adalah kali pertama AFL kembali ke Pittsburgh sejak Pittsburgh Gladiators adalah francais asal pada 1987 sebelum menjadi Storm Tampa Bay. Briged menukar namanya kepada Komando, menjadi Perintah Kansas City. Walaupun mereka kembali pasukan, Bossier-Shreveport Battle Wings berpindah ke New Orleans sebagai Voodoo, identiti yang dimiliki oleh pemilik New Orleans Saints Tom Benson. The Vipers Alabama berpindah ke Duluth, Georgia untuk menjadi Georgia Force baru (francais sebelumnya nama itu menjadi kelanjutan francais Nashville Kats pertama). Pada 25 Oktober 2010 Oklahoma City Yard Dawgz tidak kembali. Besi Milwaukee juga menukar nama kepada Mustang Milwaukee, nama pasukan AFL asli Milwaukee yang telah wujud dari 1994 hingga 2001. <> Bersama dengan New Orleans VooDoo, Brigade Kansas City, Pasukan Jiwa Philadelphia dan Georgia, apa yang bekas pasukan kembali untuk musim 2011? || San Jose SaberCats Bersama dengan Rampage Grand Rapids, Colorado Crush, Columbus Destroyers dan Los Angeles Avengers, pasukan mana yang tidak kembali untuk musim 2011? || New York Dragons <> Apa pasukan pengembangan menyertai liga pada tahun 2011? || Pittsburgh Power <> Untuk apa pasukan NFL yang bermain Lynn Swann? || Pittsburgh Steelers <> Apa nama bekas Storm Tampa Bay? || Gladiators Pittsburgh", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with the New Orleans VooDoo, Kansas City Brigade, Philadelphia Soul and Georgia Force, what former team returned for the 2011 season?", "id": "56e7a1bb00c9c71400d77439", "answers": [{"text": "San Jose SaberCats", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Grand Rapids Rampage, Colorado Crush, Columbus Destroyers and Los Angeles Avengers, what team did not return for the 2011 season?", "id": "56e7a1bb00c9c71400d7743a", "answers": [{"text": "New York Dragons", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What expansion team joined the league in 2011?", "id": "56e7a1bb00c9c71400d7743b", "answers": [{"text": "Pittsburgh Power", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what NFL team did Lynn Swann play?", "id": "56e7a1bb00c9c71400d7743c", "answers": [{"text": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the former name of the Tampa Bay Storm?", "id": "56e7a1bb00c9c71400d7743d", "answers": [{"text": "Pittsburgh Gladiators", "answer_start": 520}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "For the 2011 season, the Philadelphia Soul, Kansas City Brigade, San Jose SaberCats, New Orleans VooDoo, and the Georgia Force returned to the AFL after having last played in 2008. However, the Grand Rapids Rampage, Colorado Crush, Columbus Destroyers, Los Angeles Avengers, and the New York Dragons did not return. The league added one expansion team, the Pittsburgh Power. Former Pittsburgh Steelers wide receiver Lynn Swann was one of the team's owners. It was the first time the AFL returned to Pittsburgh since the Pittsburgh Gladiators were an original franchise in 1987 before becoming the Tampa Bay Storm. The Brigade changed its name to the Command, becoming the Kansas City Command. Even though they were returning teams, the Bossier\u2013Shreveport Battle Wings moved to New Orleans as the Voodoo, the identity formerly owned by New Orleans Saints owner Tom Benson. The Alabama Vipers moved to Duluth, Georgia to become the new Georgia Force (the earlier franchise of that name being a continuation of the first Nashville Kats franchise). On October 25, 2010 the Oklahoma City Yard Dawgz did not return. The Milwaukee Iron also changed names to the Milwaukee Mustangs, the name of Milwaukee's original AFL team that had existed from 1994 to 2001."}], ["Jerry Kurz juga meletak jawatan sebagai pesuruhjaya AFL kerana beliau dinaikkan pangkat sebagai presiden pertama AFL. Bekas CEO Foxwoods Scott Butera telah diupah sebagai pengganti sebagai pesuruhjaya. <> Siapa presiden pertama AFL itu? || Jerry Kurz <> Apakah hak jawatan Jerry Kurz sebelum menjadi presiden AFL? || Pesuruhjaya <> Yang menjadi pesuruhjaya AFL selepas Jerry Kurz? || Scott Butera <> Di mana Scott Butera bekerja sebelum menjadi pesuruhjaya AFL? || Foxwoods <> Apakah pekerjaan Scott Butera sebelum menjadi pesuruhjaya AFL? || Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the first president of the AFL?", "id": "56e7a3a500c9c71400d77469", "answers": [{"text": "Jerry Kurz", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Jerry Kurz's job title prior to being president of the AFL?", "id": "56e7a3a500c9c71400d7746a", "answers": [{"text": "commissioner", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who became commissioner of the AFL after Jerry Kurz?", "id": "56e7a3a500c9c71400d7746b", "answers": [{"text": "Scott Butera", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Scott Butera work prior to becoming AFL commissioner?", "id": "56e7a3a500c9c71400d7746c", "answers": [{"text": "Foxwoods", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Scott Butera's job title prior to becoming AFL commissioner?", "id": "56e7a3a500c9c71400d7746d", "answers": [{"text": "CEO", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Jerry Kurz also stepped down as commissioner of the AFL as he was promoted to be the AFL's first president. Former Foxwoods CEO Scott Butera was hired as his successor as commissioner."}], ["Amalan bermain satu atau dua permainan pameran preseason oleh setiap pasukan sebelum permulaan musim tetap dihentikan apabila kontrak NBC dimulakan, dan musim biasa diperpanjang dari 14 pertandingan, panjangnya sejak 1996 hingga 16 dari tahun 2001 hingga 2010, dan sejak 2016. Dari tahun 2011 hingga 2015, liga musim reguler berkembang menjadi 18 perlawanan, dengan setiap pasukan mempunyai dua minggu lagi dan pilihan dua permainan preseason. <> Kontrak dengan rangkaian televisyen apa yang membawa kepada penghentian permainan pameran dalam preseason? || NBC <> Berapa banyak permainan adalah musim biasa pada tahun 1996? || 14 <> Berapa banyak permainan yang dimainkan pada musim reguler tahun 2001? || 16 <> Berapa banyak permainan yang panjang adalah musim biasa 2011? || 18 <> Berapa banyak permainan yang akan dimainkan setiap pasukan pada musim panas 2016? || 16", {"qas": [{"question": "A contract with what television network led to the discontinuation of exhibition games in the preseason?", "id": "56e7b01b37bdd419002c4352", "answers": [{"text": "NBC", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many games was the regular season in 1996?", "id": "56e7b01b37bdd419002c4353", "answers": [{"text": "14", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many games were played in the 2001 regular season?", "id": "56e7b01b37bdd419002c4354", "answers": [{"text": "16", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many games long was the 2011 regular season?", "id": "56e7b01b37bdd419002c4355", "answers": [{"text": "18", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many games will each team play in the 2016 regular season?", "id": "56e7b01b37bdd419002c4356", "answers": [{"text": "16", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The practice of playing one or two preseason exhibition games by each team before the start of the regular season was discontinued when the NBC contract was initiated, and the regular season was extended from 14 games, the length that it had been since 1996, to 16 from 2001 to 2010, and since 2016. From 2011 to 2015, the regular season league expanded to 18 games, with each team having two bye weeks and the option of two preseason games."}], ["Jadual 2016 liga, yang diumumkan di laman web liga pada 10 Disember 2015, menunjukkan liga lapan pasukan bermain musim biasa 16-permainan selama 18 minggu, dengan dua minggu demi satu untuk setiap pasukan, satu secara berputar dan satu lagi \"selamat tinggal sejagat\" untuk semua pasukan semasa hujung minggu Hari Kemerdekaan, hujung minggu pertama pada bulan Julai. Semua pasukan akan melayakkan diri untuk postseason, bermakna musim tetap hanya akan berfungsi untuk menubuhkan penanaman. <> Pada tarikh apakah liga mengumumkan jadual untuk 2016? || 10 Disember 2015 <> Berapa banyak pasukan yang aktif dalam AFL untuk 2016? || lapan <> Berapa banyak perlawanan musim biasa akan bermain setiap pasukan pada 2016? || 16 <> Berapa minggu akan musim reguler 2016? || 18 <> Pada hujung minggu apa cuti semua pasukan akan mendapat undian? || Hari kemerdekaan", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date did the league announce its schedule for 2016?", "id": "56e7af3b37bdd419002c4336", "answers": [{"text": "December 10, 2015", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many teams are active in the AFL for 2016?", "id": "56e7af3b37bdd419002c4337", "answers": [{"text": "eight", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many regular season games will each team play in 2016?", "id": "56e7af3b37bdd419002c4338", "answers": [{"text": "16", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many weeks will the 2016 regular season last?", "id": "56e7af3b37bdd419002c4339", "answers": [{"text": "18", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On the weekend of what holiday will all teams have a bye?", "id": "56e7af3b37bdd419002c433a", "answers": [{"text": "Independence Day", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The league's 2016 schedule, announced on the league's website on December 10, 2015, shows an eight-team league playing a 16-game regular season over 18 weeks, with two bye weeks for each team, one on a rotational basis and the other a \"universal bye\" for all teams during the Independence Day weekend, the first weekend in July. All teams will qualify for the postseason, meaning that the regular season will serve only to establish seeding."}], ["Pada 12 November, liga mengumumkan juara bertahan San Jose SaberCats akan menghentikan operasi kerana \"alasan yang tidak berkaitan dengan operasi Liga\". Satu kenyataan dari liga menunjukkan bahawa AFL sedang berusaha untuk mendapatkan pemilik baru, jangka panjang untuk francais. Ini meninggalkan AFL dengan lapan pasukan untuk 2016. <> Siapa juara bertahan Liga Bola Sepak Arena? || San Jose SaberCats <> Bilakah ia mengumumkan bahawa SaberCats akan ditutup? || 12 November <> Apa alasan yang diberikan untuk menutup SaberCats? || sebab yang tidak berkaitan dengan operasi Liga <> Berapa banyak pasukan AFL beroperasi pada 2016? || lapan", {"qas": [{"question": "Who were the defending champions of the Arena Football League?", "id": "56e7a4c900c9c71400d77473", "answers": [{"text": "San Jose SaberCats", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was it announced that the SaberCats would be shutting down?", "id": "56e7a4c900c9c71400d77474", "answers": [{"text": "November 12", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the reason given for the closing of the SaberCats?", "id": "56e7a4c900c9c71400d77475", "answers": [{"text": "reasons unrelated to League operations", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many AFL teams are operating as of 2016?", "id": "56e7a4c900c9c71400d77476", "answers": [{"text": "eight", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On November 12, the league announced the defending champion San Jose SaberCats would be ceasing operations due to \"reasons unrelated to League operations\". A statement from the league indicated that the AFL is working to secure new, long-term owners for the franchise. This leaves the AFL with eight teams for 2016."}], ["Pada tahun 2013, liga berkembang dengan penambahan dua francais baharu untuk dimainkan pada 2014, Los Angeles Kiss (dimiliki oleh Gene Simmons dan Paul Stanley dari Kiss band rock legendaris) dan Portland Thunder. <> Berapa nama pasukan yang berpangkalan di Los Angeles pada tahun 2013? || Kiss <> Bersama dengan Paul Stanley, yang memiliki Los Angeles Kiss? || Gene Simmons <> Selain Los Angeles Kiss, pasukan pengembangan apa yang masuk dalam liga pada tahun 2013? || Portland Thunder <> Paul Stanley dan Gene Simmons adalah ahli kumpulan muzik apa? || Kiss", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the Los Angeles-based team added in 2013?", "id": "56e7a2eb00c9c71400d77457", "answers": [{"text": "Kiss", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Paul Stanley, who owned the Los Angeles Kiss?", "id": "56e7a2eb00c9c71400d77458", "answers": [{"text": "Gene Simmons", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Other than the Los Angeles Kiss, what expansion team entered in the league in 2013?", "id": "56e7a2eb00c9c71400d77459", "answers": [{"text": "Portland Thunder", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Paul Stanley and Gene Simmons are members of what musical group?", "id": "56e7a2eb00c9c71400d7745a", "answers": [{"text": "Kiss", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2013, the league expanded with the addition of two new franchises to play in 2014, the Los Angeles Kiss (owned by Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley of the legendary rock band Kiss) and the Portland Thunder."}], ["Pada 6 Januari 2016, liga mengambil alih \"pemilikan dan pengendalian operasi\" Portland Thunder daripada pemiliknya yang terdahulu. AFL menyatakan langkah ini dibuat selepas berbulan-bulan berusaha menyelesaikan masalah \"untuk menyediakan sokongan kewangan dan operasi.\" Pada 3 Februari 2016, ia diumumkan bahawa francais akan bermula dari awal dan tidak lagi dipanggil sebagai \"Thunder\" kerana nama dan tanda dagangan milik bekas pemilik francais Terry Emmert (serupa dengan langkah Jerry Jones dengan Desperados). Pesuruhjaya AFL Scott Butera mengumumkan bahawa identiti baru akan diumumkan pada suatu masa nanti. <> Pada tarikh apakah AFL menguasai salah satu pasukannya? || 6 Januari 2016 <> Apa pasukan yang mengawal liga? || Portland Thunder <> Siapa yang memiliki tanda niaga kepada Thunder Portland? || Terry Emmert <> Siapa yang memiliki tanda niaga Desperados? || Jerry Jones <> Siapa Pesuruhjaya Liga Bola Sepak Arena? || Scott Butera", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date did the AFL take control of one of its teams?", "id": "56e7aedd37bdd419002c432c", "answers": [{"text": "January 6, 2016", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What team did the league take control of?", "id": "56e7aedd37bdd419002c432d", "answers": [{"text": "Portland Thunder", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who owned the trademark to the Portland Thunder?", "id": "56e7aedd37bdd419002c432e", "answers": [{"text": "Terry Emmert", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who owned the Desperados trademarks?", "id": "56e7aedd37bdd419002c432f", "answers": [{"text": "Jerry Jones", "answer_start": 464}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is commissioner of the Arena Football League?", "id": "56e7aedd37bdd419002c4330", "answers": [{"text": "Scott Butera", "answer_start": 520}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On January 6, 2016, the league took over \"ownership and operational control\" of the Portland Thunder from its previous owners. The AFL stated this move was made after months of trying work out an arrangement \"to provide financial and operational support.\" On February 3, 2016, it was announced that the franchise will start from scratch and no longer be called the \"Thunder\" as the name and trademarks belong to former franchise owner Terry Emmert (similar to the Jerry Jones move with the Desperados). AFL commissioner Scott Butera announced that a new identity will be announced at a later date."}], ["Pada 9 Ogos 2015, ESPN melaporkan bahawa New Orleans VooDoo dan Las Vegas Outlaws telah berhenti beroperasi, dengan serta-merta, tuntutan yang kemudiannya disahkan di laman web AFL. Pada 1 September 2015, Spokane Shock secara rasmi meninggalkan AFL dan menyertai IFL di bawah nama baru Spokane Empire, menjadi francais AFL / AF2 yang aktif kelima untuk meninggalkan IFL sejak muflis (Iowa Barnstormers, Tri-Cities Fever, Green Bay Blizzard dan Twins Arkansas-kini Revolusi Texas-sebelum ini). <> Pada tarikh apa yang dilaporkan bahawa Las Vegas Outlaws telah ditutup? || 9 Ogos 2015 <> Siapa yang pertama melaporkan penutupan New Orleans VooDoo? || ESPN <> Pada tarikh apa Spokane Shock meninggalkan AFL? || 1 September 2015 <> Apakah liga saingan yang menyertai Spokane Shock? || IFL <> Apakah nama Spokane Shock selepas mereka menyertai IFL? || Empayar Spokane", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was it reported that the Las Vegas Outlaws were shutting down?", "id": "56e7a40237bdd419002c42be", "answers": [{"text": "August 9, 2015", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who first reported the closure of the New Orleans VooDoo?", "id": "56e7a40237bdd419002c42bf", "answers": [{"text": "ESPN", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did the Spokane Shock leave the AFL?", "id": "56e7a40237bdd419002c42c0", "answers": [{"text": "September 1, 2015", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What rival league did the Spokane Shock join?", "id": "56e7a40237bdd419002c42c1", "answers": [{"text": "IFL", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the Spokane Shock after they joined the IFL?", "id": "56e7a40237bdd419002c42c2", "answers": [{"text": "Spokane Empire", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On August 9, 2015, ESPN reported that the New Orleans VooDoo and Las Vegas Outlaws had ceased operations, effective immediately, a claim which was subsequently validated on the AFL website. On September 1, 2015, the Spokane Shock officially left the AFL and joined the IFL under the new name Spokane Empire, becoming the fifth active AFL/af2 franchise to leave for the IFL since bankruptcy (Iowa Barnstormers, Tri-Cities Fever, Green Bay Blizzard and Arkansas Twisters\u2014now the Texas Revolution\u2014left previously)."}], ["Khabar angin mula berputar sehinggalah membawa AFL kembali ke Austin dan San Antonio, Texas. Kedua-dua bandar itu telah menjadi tuan rumah francais di masa lalu (Austin Wranglers, San Antonio Force dan San Antonio Talons), tetapi jurucakap AFL, BJ Pickard, dipetik sebagai berkata, \"Berita kepada saya.\" Pengumuman masih belum dibuat mengenai sebarang pelan pengembangan. Yang dijangka \"pengumuman besar\" pada hari Jumaat, 30 Oktober di permainan San Antonio Spurs tidak pernah menjadi hasil. <> Apa hari minggu ini ialah 30 Oktober 2015? || Jumaat <> Pada apa permainan pasukan adalah pengumuman oleh AFL sepatutnya berlaku pada 30 Oktober? || San Antonio Spurs <> Yang bekerja sebagai jurucakap AFL dalam tempoh ini? || BJ Pickard <> Apakah franchise sebelumnya AFL yang berpusat di Austin? || Austin Wranglers <> Bersama San Antonio Talons, apakah francais AFL yang menjadi tuan rumah San Antonio pada satu masa? || San Antonio Force", {"qas": [{"question": "What day of the week was October 30, 2015?", "id": "56e7a48137bdd419002c42c8", "answers": [{"text": "Friday", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what team's game was an announcement by the AFL supposed to happen on October 30?", "id": "56e7a48137bdd419002c42c9", "answers": [{"text": "San Antonio Spurs", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who worked as an AFL spokesman during this period?", "id": "56e7a48137bdd419002c42ca", "answers": [{"text": "BJ Pickard", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What prior AFL franchise was based in Austin?", "id": "56e7a48137bdd419002c42cb", "answers": [{"text": "Austin Wranglers", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the San Antonio Talons, what AFL franchise did San Antonio host at one time?", "id": "56e7a48137bdd419002c42cc", "answers": [{"text": "San Antonio Force", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Rumors began swirling with regards to bringing the AFL back to Austin and San Antonio, Texas. Both cities have hosted franchises in the past (Austin Wranglers, San Antonio Force and San Antonio Talons), but an AFL spokesman, BJ Pickard, was quoted as saying, \"News to me.\" Announcements have yet to be made on any sort of expansion plans. An expected \"big announcement\" on Friday, October 30 at a San Antonio Spurs game never came to fruition."}], ["Pada tahun 2014, liga mengumumkan pemberian francais baru kepada bekas pelopor M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce, Vince Neil, yang sebelum ini menjadi pemilik pemilik Jacksonville Sharks. Francais itu, Las Vegas Outlaws, pada asalnya bermain di Las Vegas di MGM Grand Garden Arena pada tahun 2015, tetapi sebaliknya memainkan permainan rumah mereka di Thomas & Mack Centre, rumah sebelum Las Vegas Sting dan Las Vegas Gladiators. Selepas 20 tahun sebagai nama akrab kepada liga, satu stadium AFL, Iowa Barnstormers, meninggalkan liga untuk menyertai Liga Bola Sepak Dalaman. The San Antonio Talons dilipat pada 13 Oktober 2014, selepas liga (yang dimiliki pasukan) gagal mencari pemilik baru. Pada 16 November 2014, walaupun kejayaan rekod musim yang berjaya, Pittsburgh Power menjadi pasukan kedua untuk menghentikan operasi selepas musim 2014. Ini disebabkan oleh kehadiran yang kurang baik. Ia kemudian diumumkan oleh liga bahawa Kuasa akan menjadi tidak aktif untuk 2015 dan sedang mencari pemilikan baru. <> Band apa Vince Neil sebahagian daripada? || M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce <> Apakah nama pasukan Las Vegas yang dimiliki oleh Vince Neil? || Penjahat <> Apakah bidang asal yang dimaksudkan di Las Vegas Outlaws? || MGM Grand Garden Arena <> Di manakah Outlaws bermain permainan rumah mereka? || Pusat Thomas & Mack <> Bersama dengan Gladiator Las Vegas, apa pasukan AFL sebelum ini bermain di rumahnya di Pusat Thomas & Mack? || Las Vegas Sting", {"qas": [{"question": "What band was Vince Neil a part of?", "id": "56e7a35800c9c71400d7745f", "answers": [{"text": "M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the Las Vegas team owned by Vince Neil?", "id": "56e7a35800c9c71400d77460", "answers": [{"text": "Outlaws", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the original intended home field of the Las Vegas Outlaws?", "id": "56e7a35800c9c71400d77461", "answers": [{"text": "MGM Grand Garden Arena", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Outlaws play their home games?", "id": "56e7a35800c9c71400d77462", "answers": [{"text": "the Thomas & Mack Center", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Las Vegas Gladiators, what prior AFL team played its home games at the Thomas & Mack Center?", "id": "56e7a35800c9c71400d77463", "answers": [{"text": "Las Vegas Sting", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2014, the league announced the granting of a new franchise to former M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce frontman Vince Neil, previously part-owner of the Jacksonville Sharks. That franchise, the Las Vegas Outlaws, were originally to play in Las Vegas at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in 2015, but instead played their home games at the Thomas & Mack Center, previous home to the Las Vegas Sting and Las Vegas Gladiators. After 20 years as a familiar name to the league, an AFL mainstay, the Iowa Barnstormers, departed the league to join the Indoor Football League. The San Antonio Talons folded on October 13, 2014, after the league (which owned the team) failed to find a new owner. On November 16, 2014, despite a successful season record-wise, the Pittsburgh Power became the second team to cease operations after the 2014 season. This resulted from poor attendance. It was later announced by the league that the Power would go dormant for 2015 and were looking for new ownership."}], ["Dari penubuhan liga menerusi ArenaBowl XVIII, permainan kejohanan itu dimainkan di rumah pasukan baki tertinggi. AFL kemudian beralih ke kejohanan laman neutral, dengan ArenaBowls XIX dan XX di Las Vegas. New Orleans Arena, rumah New Orleans VooDoo, berkhidmat sebagai tapak ArenaBowl XXI pada 29 Julai 2007. Ini adalah kejohanan sukan profesional pertama yang akan diadakan di bandar sejak Badai Katrina melanda pada bulan Ogos 2005. San Jose SaberCats yang diperolehi kejohanan ketiga mereka dalam enam tahun dengan mengalahkan Columbus Destroyers 55-33. ArenaBowl XXI di New Orleans dianggap berjaya, dan bandar itu dipilih menjadi tuan rumah ArenaBowl XXII, di mana Philadelphia Soul mengalahkan juara bertahan San Jose Sabercats. Pada tahun 2010, lokasi kembali diputuskan oleh kedua-dua pasukan yang mengambil bahagian lebih tinggi. Di ArenaBowl XXIII, Spokane Shock mengalahkan Tampa Bay Storm di arena rumah mereka, Spokane Arena, di Spokane, Washington. Di ArenaBowl XXIV, Jacksonville Sharks, datang dari kemenangan dalam perlawanan akhir persidangan mereka empat malam sebelumnya, mengembara ke US Airways Center di Phoenix dan mengalahkan Arizona Rattlers 73-70. ArenaBowl XXV kembali ke laman netral dan sekali lagi bermain di New Orleans, di mana Rattlers kembali dan mengalahkan Jiwa Philadelphia. Sejak 2014 ArenaBowl telah dimainkan di pasukan pilihan yang lebih tinggi. <> Di mana ArenaBowl XX berlaku? || Las Vegas <> Arena apa ArenaBowl XXI dimainkan? || New Orleans Arena <> Pada tarikh apa ArenaBowl XXI dimainkan? || 29 Julai 2007 <> Dalam bulan dan tahun berapa tau Badai Katrina berlaku? || Ogos 2005 <> Pasukan apa yang memenangi ArenaBowl XXI? || San Jose SaberCats", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did ArenaBowl XX take place?", "id": "56e7af9a37bdd419002c4340", "answers": [{"text": "Las Vegas", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What arena was ArenaBowl XXI played in?", "id": "56e7af9a37bdd419002c4341", "answers": [{"text": "New Orleans Arena", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was ArenaBowl XXI played?", "id": "56e7af9a37bdd419002c4342", "answers": [{"text": "July 29, 2007", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month and year did Hurricane Katrina occur?", "id": "56e7af9a37bdd419002c4343", "answers": [{"text": "August 2005", "answer_start": 447}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What team won ArenaBowl XXI?", "id": "56e7af9a37bdd419002c4344", "answers": [{"text": "San Jose SaberCats", "answer_start": 464}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From the league's inception through ArenaBowl XVIII, the championship game was played at the home of the highest-seeded remaining team. The AFL then switched to a neutral-site championship, with ArenaBowls XIX and XX in Las Vegas. New Orleans Arena, home of the New Orleans VooDoo, served as the site of ArenaBowl XXI on July 29, 2007. This was the first professional sports championship to be staged in the city since Hurricane Katrina struck in August 2005. The San Jose SaberCats earned their third championship in six years by defeating the Columbus Destroyers 55\u201333. ArenaBowl XXI in New Orleans was deemed a success, and the city was chosen to host ArenaBowl XXII, in which the Philadelphia Soul defeated the defending champion San Jose Sabercats. In 2010, the location returned to being decided by which of the two participating teams was seeded higher. In ArenaBowl XXIII, the Spokane Shock defeated the Tampa Bay Storm at their home arena, Spokane Arena, in Spokane, Washington. In ArenaBowl XXIV, the Jacksonville Sharks, coming off of a victory in their conference final game four nights earlier, traveled to US Airways Center in Phoenix and defeated the Arizona Rattlers 73\u201370. ArenaBowl XXV returned to a neutral site and was once again played in New Orleans, where the Rattlers returned and defeated the Philadelphia Soul. Since 2014 the ArenaBowl has been played at the higher-seeded team."}], ["AFL juga mempunyai perjanjian kabel serantau dengan FSN, di mana sekutu serantau FSN di pasaran AFL membawa permainan pasukan tempatan. Di beberapa kawasan, seperti dengan Arizona Rattlers, sekutu Fox Sports masih membawa permainan. <> Gabungan apa rangkaian yang menyiarkan permainan Arizona Rattlers? || Fox Sports <> Rangkaian kabel apa yang AFL menandatangani kontrak serantau dengan? || FSN", {"qas": [{"question": "Affiliates of what network broadcast Arizona Rattlers games?", "id": "56e7b28900c9c71400d7750d", "answers": [{"text": "Fox Sports", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What cable network did the AFL sign a regional contract with?", "id": "56e7b28900c9c71400d7750e", "answers": [{"text": "FSN", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The AFL also had a regional-cable deal with FSN, where FSN regional affiliates in AFL markets carried local team games. In some areas, such as with the Arizona Rattlers, Fox Sports affiliates still carry the games."}], ["Permulaan berjadual 2014 terbukti terlalu bercita-cita tinggi untuk kumpulan itu; laman web rasminya mengutip permulaan permainan profesional yang dijangka pada tahun 2016 dan menunjukkan gambar dari kejohanan kolej enam pasukan yang diadakan pada awal November, 2015 <> Bilakah pelan CAFL memulakan musim pertamanya? || 2016 <> Bilakah musim CAFL pertama yang abortif sepatutnya berlaku? || 2014 <> Berapa banyak pasukan yang menyertai dalam kejohanan CAFL 2015? || enam <> Pada bulan apakah kejohanan CAFL berlaku? || November", {"qas": [{"question": "When does the CAFL plan on start its first season?", "id": "56e7b14c37bdd419002c4370", "answers": [{"text": "2016", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the abortive first CAFL season supposed to have taken place?", "id": "56e7b14c37bdd419002c4371", "answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many teams participated in the 2015 CAFL tournament?", "id": "56e7b14c37bdd419002c4372", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month did the CAFL tournament occur?", "id": "56e7b14c37bdd419002c4373", "answers": [{"text": "November", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The 2014 scheduled beginning proved to be too ambitious for the group; its official website now cites an anticipated beginning of professional play in 2016 and shows photos from a six-team collegiate tournament staged in early November, 2015"}], ["Bermula pada tahun 2014, ESPN kembali ke AFL sebagai rakan penyiaran, dengan permainan mingguan ditunjukkan pada CBS Sports Network, ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNEWS bersama-sama dengan semua permainan yang disiarkan di ESPN3 secara langsung di WatchESPN. ArenaBowl XXVII juga disiarkan di ESPN. Kebanyakan pasukan juga mempunyai stesen TV tempatan yang menyiarkan permainan mereka secara tempatan dan semua permainan boleh didapati di radio tempatan. <> Siapakah rakan kongsi penyiaran Arena Football League 2014? || ESPN <> Apa aplikasi yang disiarkan dalam permainan Liga Bola Sepak Arena pada tahun 2014? || WatchESPN <> Bersama dengan rangkaian ESPN, pada rangkaian mana yang disiarkan di game AFL 2014? || Rangkaian Sukan CBS <> Pada saluran apa yang boleh dilihat oleh ArenaBowl XXVII? || ESPN", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the Arena Football League's 2014 broadcast partner?", "id": "56e7b45837bdd419002c43aa", "answers": [{"text": "ESPN", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What app were Arena Football League games broadcast on in 2014?", "id": "56e7b45837bdd419002c43ab", "answers": [{"text": "WatchESPN", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the ESPN networks, on what network were 2014 AFL games broadcast?", "id": "56e7b45837bdd419002c43ac", "answers": [{"text": "CBS Sports Network", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what channel could one watch ArenaBowl XXVII live?", "id": "56e7b45837bdd419002c43ad", "answers": [{"text": "ESPN", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Starting in 2014, ESPN returned to the AFL as broadcast partners, with weekly games being shown on CBS Sports Network, ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNEWS along with all games being broadcast on ESPN3 for free live on WatchESPN. ArenaBowl XXVII was also broadcast on ESPN. Most teams also have a local TV station broadcast their games locally and all games are available on local radio."}], ["Selepas kembalinya pada 2010, AFL mempunyai perjanjian televisyen nasional dengan Rangkaian NFL untuk perlawanan malam Jumaat mingguan. Semua permainan AFL tidak di NFL Network boleh dilihat secara percuma dalam talian, disediakan oleh Ustream. <> Selepas hos, berapa tahun AFL mula beroperasi semula? || 2010 <> Apakah rangkaian televisyen kabel menandatangani perjanjian siaran dengan AFL pada tahun 2010? || Rangkaian NFL <> Pada hari apakah permainan AFL akan ditunjukkan pada Rangkaian NFL? || Jumaat <> Apa perkhidmatan siaran streaming permainan AFL yang tidak di NFL Network? || Ustream <> Apa kos untuk menonton perlawanan AFL di Ustream? || percuma", {"qas": [{"question": "After a hiatus, in what year did the AFL begin operations again?", "id": "56e7b2f200c9c71400d77511", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What cable television network signed a broadcast deal with the AFL in 2010?", "id": "56e7b2f200c9c71400d77512", "answers": [{"text": "NFL Network", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day would AFL games be shown on NFL Network?", "id": "56e7b2f200c9c71400d77513", "answers": [{"text": "Friday", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What streaming service broadcast AFL games that were not on NFL Network?", "id": "56e7b2f200c9c71400d77514", "answers": [{"text": "Ustream", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the cost to watch AFL games on Ustream?", "id": "56e7b2f200c9c71400d77515", "answers": [{"text": "free", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After its return in 2010, the AFL had its national television deal with the NFL Network for a weekly Friday night game. All AFL games not on the NFL Network could be seen for free online, provided by Ustream."}], ["Pada 19 Disember 2006, ESPN mengumumkan pembelian saham minoriti dalam AFL. Perjanjian ini termasuk hak televisyen untuk rangkaian keluarga ESPN. ESPN akan menyiarkan sekurang-kurangnya 17 pertandingan musim reguler, kebanyakan pada malam Isnin, dan sembilan permainan playoff, termasuk ArenaBowl XXI di ABC. Perjanjian itu mengakibatkan pendedahan tambahan pada SportsCenter ESPN. Walau bagaimanapun, selepas AFL yang asal memfailkan kebankrapan, pengaturan ini tidak membawa kepada AFL baru, yang merupakan entiti undang-undang yang berasingan. <> Pada tarikh apakah ESPN membeli bahagian minor AFL? || 19 Disember 2006 <> Sekurang-kurangnya, berapa banyak perlawanan musim biasa yang AFL bersetuju untuk menyiarkan? || 17 <> Pada hari apakah kebanyakan permainan yang disiarkan di rangkaian ESPN akan dimainkan? || Isnin <> Siaran rangkaian apa ArenaBowl XXI? || ABC <> Di bawah perjanjian itu, berapa banyak permainan playoff AFL yang disiarkan ESPN setiap tahun? || sembilan", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date did ESPN buy a minority share of the AFL?", "id": "56e7b24637bdd419002c438c", "answers": [{"text": "December 19, 2006", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At minimum, how many regular season games did the AFL agree to broadcast?", "id": "56e7b24637bdd419002c438d", "answers": [{"text": "17", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day would most of the games televised on the ESPN networks be played?", "id": "56e7b24637bdd419002c438e", "answers": [{"text": "Monday", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What network broadcast ArenaBowl XXI?", "id": "56e7b24637bdd419002c438f", "answers": [{"text": "ABC", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Under the deal, how many AFL playoff games did ESPN broadcast each year?", "id": "56e7b24637bdd419002c4390", "answers": [{"text": "nine", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On December 19, 2006, ESPN announced the purchase of a minority stake in the AFL. This deal included television rights for the ESPN family of networks. ESPN would televise a minimum of 17 regular season games, most on Monday nights, and nine playoff games, including ArenaBowl XXI on ABC. The deal resulted in added exposure on ESPN's SportsCenter. However, after the original AFL filed for bankruptcy, this arrangement did not carry over to the new AFL, which is a separate legal entity."}], ["Pada bulan Ogos 2012, AFL mengumumkan projek baru ke China, yang dikenali sebagai Liga Bola Sepak Amerika. Projek CAFL diketuai oleh penganalisis ESPN NFL dan presiden pemilik majoriti Philadelphia Soul Ron Jaworski. Rancangan itu akan mewujudkan satu liga enam pasukan yang akan memainkan jadual 10 minggu yang dijadualkan bermula pada bulan Oktober 2014. Jurulatih dan jurulatih AFL akan pergi ke China untuk membantu mengajar peraturan sukan kepada pasukan yang terdiri daripada orang Cina dan pemain Amerika dengan matlamat memulakan liga arena rasmi China. Ganlan Media International diberi hak eksklusif untuk liga Cina baru. <> Apa liga yang AFL dijumpai di China? || Liga China American Football <> Kapan projek AFL China itu diumumkan? || Ogos 2012 <> Siapa yang mengetuai Liga Amerika Amerika Bola Sepak? || Ron Jaworski <> Rangkaian televisyen apa yang dilakukan oleh Ron Jaworski? || ESPN <> Apa pasukan Ron Jaworski pemilik majoriti? || Philadelphia Soul", {"qas": [{"question": "What league did the AFL found in China?", "id": "56e7b06e37bdd419002c435c", "answers": [{"text": "the China American Football League", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the AFL's China project announced?", "id": "56e7b06e37bdd419002c435d", "answers": [{"text": "August 2012", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is leading the China American Football League?", "id": "56e7b06e37bdd419002c435e", "answers": [{"text": "Ron Jaworski", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What television network does Ron Jaworski work for?", "id": "56e7b06e37bdd419002c435f", "answers": [{"text": "ESPN", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What team is Ron Jaworski the majority owner of?", "id": "56e7b06e37bdd419002c4360", "answers": [{"text": "Philadelphia Soul", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In August 2012, the AFL announced a new project into China, known as the China American Football League. The CAFL project is headed up by ESPN NFL analyst and Philadelphia Soul majority owner president Ron Jaworski. The plans were to establish a six-team league that would play a 10-week schedule that was slated to start in October 2014. The AFL coaches and trainers will travel to China to help teach the rules of the sport to squads made up of Chinese and American players with the goal of starting an official Chinese arena league. Ganlan Media International were given exclusive rights to the new Chinese league."}], ["Rangkaian NFL tidak lagi menyiarkan perlawanan Arena Liga Bola Sepak di sepanjang musim 2012 akibat masalah buruh yang sedang berlangsung dalam liga. Secara ringkasnya, permainan telah disiarkan melalui kelewatan pita untuk mengelakkan rasa malu yang akan berlaku sekiranya pemain akan menghentikan penghentian kerja dengan segera sebelum siaran yang dijadualkan. (Sekurang-kurangnya sekali kejadian ini sebenarnya berlaku, mengakibatkan permainan yang tidak kompetitif dimainkan dengan pemain pengganti, dan selanjutnya insiden tersebut terancam.) Setelah masalah buruh diselesaikan, Rangkaian NFL meneruskan amalan menyiarkan siaran langsung malam Jumaat permainan. Rangkaian NFL menjatuhkan liga pada penghujung musim 2012. <> Pada tahun apa permainan AFL buat sementara waktu berhenti disiarkan di NFL Network? || 2012 <> Mengapa penyingkiran sementara penyiaran permainan berlaku? || masalah buruh yang sedang berjalan <> Mengapa Rangkaian NFL mula menyiarkan permainan lagi? || isu buruh diselesaikan <> Pada hari apakah permainan AFL disiarkan secara langsung di NFL Network? || Jumaat <> Pada masa hari apakah permainan AFL yang ditunjukkan pada hari Jumaat di Network NFL? || malam", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did AFL games temporarily cease to be broadcast on NFL Network?", "id": "56e7b37437bdd419002c4396", "answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did the temporary cessation of game broadcasts occur?", "id": "56e7b37437bdd419002c4397", "answers": [{"text": "ongoing labor problems", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did the NFL Network begin to broadcast games again?", "id": "56e7b37437bdd419002c4398", "answers": [{"text": "the labor issues were resolved", "answer_start": 506}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day was an AFL game broadcast live on NFL Network?", "id": "56e7b37437bdd419002c4399", "answers": [{"text": "Friday", "answer_start": 598}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what time of day was an AFL game shown on Fridays on NFL Network?", "id": "56e7b37437bdd419002c439a", "answers": [{"text": "night", "answer_start": 605}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The NFL Network ceased airing Arena Football League games partway through the 2012 season as a result of ongoing labor problems within the league. Briefly, the games were broadcast on a tape delay to prevent the embarrassment that would result should the players stage a work stoppage immediately prior to a scheduled broadcast. (In at least once incidence this actually happened, resulting in a non-competitive game being played with replacement players, and further such incidents were threatened.) Once the labor issues were resolved, the NFL Network resumed the practice of broadcasting a live Friday night game. NFL Network dropped the league at the end of the 2012 season."}], ["Untuk musim 2013, rakan kongsi siaran kebangsaan baru liga ialah Rangkaian Sukan CBS. CBSSN akan menyiarkan 19 perlawanan musim biasa dan dua perlawanan playoff. CBS juga akan menyiarkan ArenaBowl, yang menandakan kali pertama sejak 2008 bahawa final liga disiarkan di televisyen rangkaian. Musim biasa CBSSN permainan siaran biasanya pada malam Sabtu. Oleh kerana permainan yang ditunjukkan secara langsung, masa permulaan tidak seragam dengan kebanyakan pakej siaran bola sepak, tetapi berbeza dengan zon waktu di mana pasukan rumah berada. Ini bermakna AFL mungkin muncul sama ada sebelum atau selepas permainan Major League Lacrosse yang dimiliki CBSSN. <> Siapa rakan kongsi siaran nasional AFL 2013? || Rangkaian Sukan CBS <> Berapa banyak permainan musim biasa yang ditunjukkan oleh Rangkaian Sukan CBS pada tahun 2013? || 19 <> Berapa banyak permainan dalam talian playoff yang disiarkan CBSSN? || dua <> Pada saluran apakah siaran ArenaBowl 2013? || CBS <> Pada tahun 2013, pada hari apakah permainan Arena Football League biasanya disiarkan di CBS Sports Network? || Sabtu", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the AFL's 2013 national broadcast partner?", "id": "56e7b3d237bdd419002c43a0", "answers": [{"text": "CBS Sports Network", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many regular season games were shown by CBS Sports Network in 2013?", "id": "56e7b3d237bdd419002c43a1", "answers": [{"text": "19", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many 2013 playoff games did CBSSN broadcast?", "id": "56e7b3d237bdd419002c43a2", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what channel was the 2013 ArenaBowl broadcast?", "id": "56e7b3d237bdd419002c43a3", "answers": [{"text": "CBS", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2013, on what day were Arena Football League games usually broadcast on CBS Sports Network?", "id": "56e7b3d237bdd419002c43a4", "answers": [{"text": "Saturday", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "For the 2013 season, the league's new national broadcast partner was the CBS Sports Network. CBSSN would air 19 regular season games and two playoff games. CBS would also air the ArenaBowl, marking the first time since 2008 that the league's finale aired on network television. Regular season CBSSN broadcast games are usually on Saturday nights. As the games are being shown live, the start times are not uniform as with most football broadcast packages, but vary with the time zone in which the home team is located. This means that the AFL may appear either prior to or following the CBSSN's featured Major League Lacrosse game."}], ["AFL Global dan Ganlan Media telah diwujudkan pada tahun 2012 oleh ahli perniagaan Martin E. Hakim, pengasas dan pemilik Hakim Kumpulan. Syarikat itu, yang dikenali sebagai AFL Global, LLC, kelihatan memperkenalkan dan melancarkan pasukan Arena Bola Sepak profesional dan francais di pelbagai lokasi di seluruh dunia (seperti NFL Europe). Selepas perjalanan mereka yang berjaya ke China untuk membantu mempromosikan permainan, mereka secara rasmi mengumumkan rancangan untuk membangunkan lagi AFL China pada musim gugur 2014 dengan memulakan program latihan komprehensif pada Mei 2013 dengan permainan pameran yang dirancang untuk bandar Beijing dan Guangzhou pada bulan Oktober. Ini adalah kali pertama bola sepak profesional yang akan dimainkan di China dengan sokongan pemerintah China dan CRFA (Persatuan Bola Sepak Ragbi China). Orang utama yang terlibat termasuk pengasas dan Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif. Martin E. Hakim, rakan kongsi Ron Jaworski, CEO CAFL Gary Morris dan presiden David Niu. Ganlan Media telah menurunkan nama ini dan akan membawa nama liga sebagai identiti korporatnya. <> Siapa yang membuat Ganlan Media? || Martin E. Hakim <> Syarikat apa yang Martin Hakim pengasas? || Kumpulan Hakim <> Dalam tahun apakah AFL Global dibuat? || 2012 <> Dalam bulan apakah permainan pameran yang dirancang untuk Guangzhou? || Oktober <> Siapa Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Liga China Amerika Sepak Bola? || Gary Morris", {"qas": [{"question": "Who created Ganlan Media?", "id": "56e7b0eb00c9c71400d774f1", "answers": [{"text": "Martin E. Judge", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company is Martin Judge the founder of?", "id": "56e7b0eb00c9c71400d774f2", "answers": [{"text": "the Judge Group", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was AFL Global created?", "id": "56e7b0eb00c9c71400d774f3", "answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month was an exhibition game planned for Guangzhou?", "id": "56e7b0eb00c9c71400d774f4", "answers": [{"text": "October", "answer_start": 568}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the Chief Executive Officer of the China American Football League?", "id": "56e7b0eb00c9c71400d774f5", "answers": [{"text": "Gary Morris", "answer_start": 846}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "AFL Global and Ganlan Media were created in 2012 by businessman Martin E. Judge, founder and owner of the Judge Group. The company, called AFL Global, LLC, looks to introduce and launch professional Arena Football teams and franchises in various locations throughout the world (like NFL Europe). After their successful trip to China to help promote the game, they formally announced plans to further develop AFL China by the fall of 2014 by starting a comprehensive training program in May 2013 with exhibition games planned for the cities of Beijing and Guangzhou in October. This is the first time professional football of any kind will be played in China with the support of the Chinese government and the CRFA (Chinese Rugby Football Association). Key persons involved include founder and CEO. Martin E. Judge, partner Ron Jaworski, CAFL CEO Gary Morris and president David Niu. Ganlan Media has since dropped this name and will carry the league's name as its corporate identity."}], ["Bermula dengan musim 2003, AFL membuat perjanjian dengan NBC untuk menyiarkan perlawanan liga, yang telah diperbaharui selama dua tahun lagi pada 2005. Sempena dengan ini, liga memindahkan permulaan musim ini dari Mei hingga Februari (minggu selepas Super Bowl NFL) dan menjadualkan sebahagian besar perlawanannya pada hari Ahad, bukan hari Jumaat atau Sabtu seperti yang berlaku pada masa lalu. Pada tahun 2006, kerana Sukan Olimpik Musim Sejuk XX, playoff Piala Stanley dan Daytona 500, NBC telah menurunkan liputan mingguan untuk liputan bertaburan semasa musim biasa tetapi komited kepada jadual playoff penuh yang berakhir dengan ArenaBowl ke-20. NBC dan Liga Bola Sepak Arena secara rasminya memutuskan perhubungan pada 30 Jun 2006, setelah gagal mencapai kesepakatan siaran baru. Pemilik Las Vegas, Jim Ferraro menyatakan semasa wawancara radio bahawa sebab mengapa kesepakatan gagal adalah kerana ESPN enggan menunjukkan sorotan atau bahkan menyebut produk yang disiarkan di NBC. <> Dalam bulan apakah musim awal AFL bermula? || Mei <> Selepas perjanjian TV, ketika permulaan musim AFL berpindah ke? || Februari <> Pada hari apa permainan AFL secara tradisinya dimainkan sebelum perjanjian TV? || Jumaat atau Sabtu <> Bilakah kebanyakan perlawanan AFL dimainkan selepas perjanjian TV? || Ahad <> Pada tarikh apa hubungan perniagaan antara AFL dan NBC berakhir? || 30 Jun 2006", {"qas": [{"question": "In what month did the AFL season originally begin?", "id": "56e7b1d437bdd419002c4378", "answers": [{"text": "May", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After the TV deal, when was the start of the AFL season moved to?", "id": "56e7b1d437bdd419002c4379", "answers": [{"text": "February", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What days were AFL games traditionally played on before the TV deal?", "id": "56e7b1d437bdd419002c437a", "answers": [{"text": "Friday or Saturday", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were most of the AFL's games played after the TV deal?", "id": "56e7b1d437bdd419002c437b", "answers": [{"text": "Sunday", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did the business relationship between the AFL and NBC end?", "id": "56e7b1d437bdd419002c437c", "answers": [{"text": "June 30, 2006", "answer_start": 676}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beginning with the 2003 season, the AFL made a deal with NBC to televise league games, which was renewed for another two years in 2005. In conjunction with this, the league moved the beginning of the season from May to February (the week after the NFL's Super Bowl) and scheduled most of its games on Sunday instead of Friday or Saturday as it had in the past. In 2006, because of the XX Winter Olympic Games, the Stanley Cup playoffs and the Daytona 500, NBC scaled back from weekly coverage to scattered coverage during the regular season, but committed to a full playoff schedule ending with the 20th ArenaBowl. NBC and the Arena Football League officially severed ties on June 30, 2006, having failed to reach a new broadcast deal. Las Vegas owner Jim Ferraro stated during a radio interview that the reason why a deal failed is because ESPN refused to show highlights or even mention a product being broadcast on NBC."}], ["Pada tahun 2010, tahun pertama liga yang disusun semula selepas muflis, purata kehadiran keseluruhan menurun kepada 8,135, dengan hanya satu pasukan (Tampa Bay) melebihi 13,000 setiap permainan. <> Apakah purata AFL kehadiran setiap permainan pada tahun 2010? || 8,135 <> Pada musim 2010, berapa banyak pasukan yang menarik lebih dari 13,000 peminat setiap permainan? || satu <> Pasukan apa yang menarik lebih daripada 13,000 peminat setiap perlawanan pada tahun 2010? || Tampa Bay", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the AFL's average per-game attendance in 2010?", "id": "56e7b60637bdd419002c43c2", "answers": [{"text": "8,135", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the 2010 season, how many teams drew an average of more than 13,000 fans per game?", "id": "56e7b60637bdd419002c43c3", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What team drew more than 13,000 fans per game in 2010?", "id": "56e7b60637bdd419002c43c4", "answers": [{"text": "Tampa Bay", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2010, the first year of the reconstituted league following bankruptcy, the overall attendance average decreased to 8,135, with only one team (Tampa Bay) exceeding 13,000 per game."}], ["Kehadiran purata untuk permainan AFL adalah sekitar 10,000-11,000 setiap perlawanan pada tahun 1990-an, walaupun semasa kemelesetan dihubungkan dengan gelembung dot-com dan 11 September 2001 menyerang kehadiran purata menurun di bawah 10,000 selama beberapa tahun. Dari permulaan musim 2004 sehingga musim akhir liga asal pada tahun 2008, kehadiran purata adalah melebihi 12,000, dengan 12,392 pada tahun 2007. Sebelas dari tujuh belas pasukan yang beroperasi pada tahun 2007 mempunyai angka kehadiran purata melebihi 13,000. Pada tahun 2008, purata kehadiran keseluruhan meningkat kepada 12,957, dengan lapan pasukan melebihi 13,000 setiap permainan. <> Apakah kehadiran permainan biasa setiap perlawanan AFL pada 1990-an? || 10,000-11,000 <> Bersama dengan kemelesetan, apakah acara yang diadakan untuk menurunkan kehadiran setiap permainan di bawah 10,000? || Serangan 11 September 2001 <> Apa kehadiran purata per-permainan pada tahun 2007? || 12,392 <> Pada tahun 2008, apakah kehadiran purata untuk permainan AFL? || 12,957 <> Semasa musim 2008, berapa ramai pasukan purata lebih 13,000 penonton per permainan? || lapan", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the normal per game attendance of AFL games in the 1990s?", "id": "56e7b5cf00c9c71400d77543", "answers": [{"text": "10,000\u201311,000", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the recession, what event is held to have decreased per-game attendance below 10,000?", "id": "56e7b5cf00c9c71400d77544", "answers": [{"text": "the September 11, 2001 attacks", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the average per-game attendance in 2007?", "id": "56e7b5cf00c9c71400d77545", "answers": [{"text": "12,392", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2008, what was the average attendance for an AFL game?", "id": "56e7b5cf00c9c71400d77546", "answers": [{"text": "12,957", "answer_start": 531}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the 2008 season, how many teams averaged more than 13,000 spectators per game?", "id": "56e7b5cf00c9c71400d77547", "answers": [{"text": "eight", "answer_start": 544}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Average attendance for AFL games were around 10,000\u201311,000 per game in the 1990s, though during the recession connected to the dot-com bubble and the September 11, 2001 attacks average attendance dropped below 10,000 for several years. From the start of the 2004 season until the final season of the original league in 2008, average attendance was above 12,000, with 12,392 in 2007. Eleven of the seventeen teams in operation in 2007 had average attendance figures over 13,000. In 2008, the overall attendance average increased to 12,957, with eight teams exceeding 13,000 per game."}], ["Permainan video pertama yang berdasarkan AFL adalah Arena Football untuk C-64 yang dikeluarkan pada tahun 1988. Pada 18 Mei 2000, Arena Bola Sepak Kurt Warner Unleashed telah dikeluarkan oleh Midway Games untuk konsol permainan PlayStation. Pada 7 Februari 2006 EA Sports mengeluarkan Arena Football untuk PlayStation 2 dan Xbox. EA Sports mengeluarkan satu lagi permainan video AFL, bertajuk Arena Football: Road to Glory, pada 21 Februari 2007, untuk PlayStation 2. <> Apakah permainan video Arena Football League yang pertama? || Arena Bola Sepak <> Untuk sistem apa yang pertama dikeluarkan permainan video Arena Football League? || C-64 <> Pada tahun apakah permainan video Arena Football League pertama yang dikeluarkan? || 1988 <> Pada tarikh apakah Arena Football Unleashed Kurt Warner dikeluarkan? || 18 Mei 2000 <> Siapa yang membuat Kurt Warner Arena Football Unleashed? || Permainan Midway", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the first Arena Football League video game?", "id": "56e7b49e00c9c71400d7752f", "answers": [{"text": "Arena Football", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what system was the first Arena Football League video game released?", "id": "56e7b49e00c9c71400d77530", "answers": [{"text": "the C-64", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the first Arena Football League video game released?", "id": "56e7b49e00c9c71400d77531", "answers": [{"text": "1988", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed released?", "id": "56e7b49e00c9c71400d77532", "answers": [{"text": "May 18, 2000", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who made Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed?", "id": "56e7b49e00c9c71400d77533", "answers": [{"text": "Midway Games", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first video game based on the AFL was Arena Football for the C-64 released in 1988. On May 18, 2000, Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed was released by Midway Games for the PlayStation game console. On February 7, 2006 EA Sports released Arena Football for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. EA Sports released another AFL video game, titled Arena Football: Road to Glory, on February 21, 2007, for the PlayStation 2."}], ["AFL kini berjalan seperti di bawah model entiti tunggal, dengan liga memiliki hak untuk pasukan, pemain, dan jurulatih. Model entiti tunggal telah diterima pakai pada tahun 2010 ketika liga muncul dari kebangkrutan. Sebelum itu, liga menyusul model francais yang lebih biasa di liga sukan profesional Amerika Utara; setiap pasukan pada asasnya beroperasi sebagai perniagaan sendiri dan liga itu sendiri adalah entiti berasingan yang sebagai pertukaran untuk yuran francais yang dibayar oleh pemilik pasukan yang menyediakan peraturan, pegawai, penjadualan dan unsur-unsur struktur organisasi yang lain. Sekumpulan wang diberikan kepada pasukan untuk membantu dalam perjalanan. <> Pada tahun berapa AFL mula beroperasi di bawah model entiti tunggal? || 2010 <> Siapa yang memiliki hak kepada pemain di bawah model entiti tunggal? || liga <> Apa model pemilikan yang biasa digunakan dalam sukan profesional Amerika? || model francais", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the AFL begin operating under the single-entity model?", "id": "56e7b55437bdd419002c43bc", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who owns the rights to the players under the single-entity model?", "id": "56e7b55437bdd419002c43bd", "answers": [{"text": "the league", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What model of ownership is commonly used in American professional sports?", "id": "56e7b55437bdd419002c43be", "answers": [{"text": "franchise model", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The AFL currently runs as under the single-entity model, with the league owning the rights to the teams, players, and coaches. The single-entity model was adopted in 2010 when the league emerged from bankruptcy. Prior to that, the league followed the franchise model more common in North American professional sports leagues; each team essentially operated as its own business and the league itself was a separate entity which in exchange for franchise fees paid by the team owners provided rules, officials, scheduling and the other elements of organizational structure. A pool of money is allotted to teams to aid in travel costs."}], ["Pada tahun 2001, Jeff Foley menerbitkan Perang di Lantai: Seorang Lelaki Guy Sedang Dimainkan di Liga Bola Sepak Arena dan Kehidupan Menulis Mengenai Ini. Buku ini menyenaraikan dua prasasti wartawan (1999 dan 2000) sebagai pakar / penulis yang menyerang dengan Albany Firebirds yang sekarang tidak berfungsi. The 5-foot-6 (170 cm), yang disifatkan sebagai \"penulis unatletik\" bermain dalam tiga permainan preseason dan mempunyai satu tangkapan untuk -2 meter. <> Siapa yang menulis Perang di Lantai: Seorang Guy Rata-rata bermain di Liga Bola Sepak Arena dan Kehidupan Menulis Mengenai Ini? || Jeff Foley <> Pada tahun apakah Perang di Lantai dibebaskan? || 2001 <> Pasukan apa yang dimainkan oleh Jeff Foley? || Albany Firebirds <> Berapa banyak permainan yang dimainkan Jeff Foley? || Tiga <> Bersama dengan tahun 1999, dalam apa preseason bermain Foley untuk Firebirds? || 2000", {"qas": [{"question": "Who wrote War on the Floor: An Average Guy Plays in the Arena Football League and Lives to Write About It?", "id": "56e7b4f737bdd419002c43b2", "answers": [{"text": "Jeff Foley", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was War on the Floor released?", "id": "56e7b4f737bdd419002c43b3", "answers": [{"text": "2001", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What team did Jeff Foley play for?", "id": "56e7b4f737bdd419002c43b4", "answers": [{"text": "Albany Firebirds", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many games did Jeff Foley play in?", "id": "56e7b4f737bdd419002c43b5", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with 1999, in what preseason did Foley play for the Firebirds? ", "id": "56e7b4f737bdd419002c43b6", "answers": [{"text": "2000", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2001, Jeff Foley published War on the Floor: An Average Guy Plays in the Arena Football League and Lives to Write About It. The book details a journalist's two preseasons (1999 and 2000) as an offensive specialist/writer with the now-defunct Albany Firebirds. The 5-foot-6 (170 cm), self-described \"unathletic writer\" played in three preseason games and had one catch for \u22122 yards."}]], [["Dengan definisi yang paling biasa digunakan oleh ahli bahasa, pelbagai bahasa linguistik boleh dianggap sebagai \"dialek\" dari beberapa bahasa- \"semua orang bercakap dialek\". Menurut tafsiran itu, kriteria di atas hanya berfungsi untuk membezakan sama ada dua jenis adalah dialek bahasa atau dialek bahasa yang sama. <> Menurut kebanyakan linguistik, yang bercakap dialek? || semua orang <> Apa yang hanya sedikit ahli bahasa percaya orang berkata? || <> Menurut definisi yang paling kurang digunakan, apa yang dikatakan oleh semua orang? || <> Apa yang digunakan untuk membezakan antara dua jenis bahasa yang berbeza sahaja? || <> Apa kriteria percaya semua orang bercakap? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "According to most linguistics, who speaks a dialect?", "id": "56e823c700c9c71400d775d1", "answers": [{"text": "everybody", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dialect", "answer_start": 141}], "question": "What do only a few linguists believe people speak?", "id": "5ad26260d7d075001a4290a4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a dialect", "answer_start": 139}], "question": "According to the least used definition, what does everyone speak?", "id": "5ad26260d7d075001a4290a5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the criteria", "answer_start": 185}], "question": "What are used to distinguish between two varieties of different languages only?", "id": "5ad26260d7d075001a4290a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a dialect", "answer_start": 139}], "question": "What does the criteria believe everybody speaks?", "id": "5ad26260d7d075001a4290a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "By the definition most commonly used by linguists, any linguistic variety can be considered a \"dialect\" of some language\u2014\"everybody speaks a dialect\". According to that interpretation, the criteria above merely serve to distinguish whether two varieties are dialects of the same language or dialects of different languages."}], ["Dialek dibezakan oleh perbendaharaan kata, tatabahasa, dan sebutannya (fonologi, termasuk prosodi). Di mana perbezaan dapat dibuat hanya dari segi sebutan (termasuk prosodi, atau hanya prosody itu sendiri), istilah aksen mungkin lebih disukai daripada dialek. Jenis-jenis pertuturan lain termasuk jargons, yang dicirikan oleh perbezaan dalam leksikon (perbendaharaan kata); loghat; patois; pidgins; dan argots. <> Bersama dengan tatabahasa dan sebutan, apa yang membezakan dialek? || kosa kata <> Jika hanya sebutan berbeza dari bahasa standard, istilah apa yang kadang-kadang digunakan? || aksen <> Istilah apa yang kadang-kadang digunakan untuk dialek yang hanya berbeza dalam perbendaharaan kata? || jargons <> Bersama slangs, patois dan pidgins, apakah jenis lain dari pelbagai ucapan smiilar? || argots <> Di mana cara dialek tetap tidak diketahui? || <> Bersama jargon dan sebutan, bagaimana dialek dibezakan? || <> Bersama slang dan tatabahasa, bagaimanakah dialek dibezakan? || <> Apakah beberapa contoh jenis dalam prosody? || <> Apakah istilah untuk perbezaan dalam slang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with grammar and pronunciation, what distinguishes a dialect?", "id": "56e81f4f37bdd419002c443c", "answers": [{"text": "vocabulary", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If only the pronunciation differs from the standard language, what term is sometimes used?", "id": "56e81f4f37bdd419002c443d", "answers": [{"text": "accent", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term is sometimes used for dialects that only differ in vocabulary?", "id": "56e81f4f37bdd419002c443e", "answers": [{"text": "jargons", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with slangs, patois and pidgins, what is another type of smiilar speech variety?", "id": "56e81f4f37bdd419002c443f", "answers": [{"text": "argots", "answer_start": 401}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "In which ways do dialects remain undistinguished? ", "id": "5ad2586ad7d075001a428dbc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "vocabulary, grammar", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "Along with jargon and pronunciation, how is a dialect distinguished?", "id": "5ad2586ad7d075001a428dbd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "vocabulary", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "Along with slang and grammar, how is a dialect distinguished?", "id": "5ad2586ad7d075001a428dbe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "; slang; patois; pidgins; and argots.", "answer_start": 371}], "question": "What are a few examples of varieties in prosody?", "id": "5ad2586ad7d075001a428dbf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "jargons", "answer_start": 300}], "question": "What is the term for differences in slang?", "id": "5ad2586ad7d075001a428dc0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A dialect is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (phonology, including prosody). Where a distinction can be made only in terms of pronunciation (including prosody, or just prosody itself), the term accent may be preferred over dialect. Other types of speech varieties include jargons, which are characterized by differences in lexicon (vocabulary); slang; patois; pidgins; and argots."}], ["Dialek istilah (dari dialektus Latin, dialektos, dari bahasa Yunani kuno \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 di\u00e1lektos, \"wacana\", dari \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac di\u00e1, \"melalui\" dan \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c9 leg\u014d, \"saya bercakap\") digunakan dalam dua cara yang berbeza untuk merujuk kepada dua jenis fenomena linguistik. <> Bahasa apakah perkataan dialectus? || Latin <> Dari bahasa mana yang diaplikasikan perkataan di\u00e1lektos? || Bahasa Yunani <> Apakah maksud di\u00e1lektos dalam bahasa Inggeris? || wacana <> Berapa banyak jenis fenomena linguistik adalah istilah dialek yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan? || dua <> Berapa banyak cara yang berbeza adalah istilah dialek digunakan? || dua <> Dalam berapa banyak cara perkataan linguistik digunakan untuk merujuk kepada fenomena yang berbeza? || <> Bahasa apa yang berasal dari fenomena perkataan? || <> Dari mana bahasa itu berasal dari perkataan yang berbeza? || <> Istilah mana yang digunakan dalam tiga cara yang berbeza? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What language is the word dialectus from?", "id": "56e81e0737bdd419002c441e", "answers": [{"text": "Latin", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what language does the word di\u00e1lektos come?", "id": "56e81e0737bdd419002c441f", "answers": [{"text": "Greek", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does di\u00e1lektos mean in English?", "id": "56e81e0737bdd419002c4420", "answers": [{"text": "discourse", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many different types of linguistic phenomena is the term dialect used to describe?", "id": "56e81e0737bdd419002c4421", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many distinct ways is the term dialect used?", "id": "56e81e0737bdd419002c4422", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 174}], "question": "In how many ways is the word linguistic used to refer to different phenomena?", "id": "5ad25163d7d075001a428cd6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Latin", "answer_start": 23}], "question": "What language does the word phenomena come from?", "id": "5ad25163d7d075001a428cd7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Latin", "answer_start": 23}], "question": "From which language does the word distinct originate?", "id": "5ad25163d7d075001a428cd8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dialect", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "Which term is used in three distinct ways?", "id": "5ad25163d7d075001a428cd9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The term dialect (from Latin dialectus, dialectos, from the ancient Greek word \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 di\u00e1lektos, \"discourse\", from \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac di\u00e1, \"through\" and \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c9 leg\u014d, \"I speak\") is used in two distinct ways to refer to two different types of linguistic phenomena."}], ["Tidak ada kriteria yang diterima secara universal untuk membezakan dua bahasa yang berlainan daripada dua dialek (iaitu jenis) dari bahasa yang sama. Beberapa langkah kasar ada, kadang-kadang membawa kepada hasil yang bercanggah. Perbezaannya adalah subjektif dan bergantung kepada rujukan rujukan pengguna. Sebagai contoh, terdapat perbincangan mengenai jika Bahasa Inggeris Lim\u00f3n Creole mesti dianggap sebagai \"sejenis\" bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa yang berbeza. Creole ini dituturkan di pantai Caribbean Costa Rica (Amerika Tengah) oleh keturunan orang Jamaica. Kedudukan yang disokong oleh ahli bahasa Costa Rican bergantung kepada universiti mereka. <> Di negara mana bahasa Limon Creole diucapkan? || Costa Rica <> Di mana pantai Costa Rica adalah bahasa Inggeris Limon Creole? || Caribbean <> Pembicara Lim\u00f3n Creole Bahasa Inggeris adalah keturunan dari rakyat dari apa kewarganegaraan? || Jamaica <> Berapa banyak kriteria yang diterima secara universal untuk membezakan antara dua bahasa dari dua dialek yang ada? || <> Di mana bahasa Jamaican Creole dituturkan? || <> Siapa yang bercakap mengenai Costa Rican Creole? || <> Apakah kedudukan yang ditentang oleh ahli bahasa Costa Rican bergantung? || <> Apakah kedudukan yang disokong oleh ahli bahasa Jamaican bergantung pada? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what country is Lim\u00f3n Creole English spoken?", "id": "56e821ca37bdd419002c4458", "answers": [{"text": "Costa Rica", "answer_start": 489}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what coast of Costa Rica is Lim\u00f3n Creole English spoken?", "id": "56e821ca37bdd419002c4459", "answers": [{"text": "Caribbean", "answer_start": 470}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Speakers of Lim\u00f3n Creole English are descended from people of what nationality?", "id": "56e821ca37bdd419002c445a", "answers": [{"text": "Jamaican", "answer_start": 535}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "There is no universally accepted criterion", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "How many universally accepted criterion for distinguishing between two languages from two dialects are there?", "id": "5ad26061d7d075001a428fce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Caribbean coast of Costa Rica (", "answer_start": 470}], "question": "Where is Jamaican Creole spoken?", "id": "5ad26061d7d075001a428fcf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "descendant of Jamaican people", "answer_start": 521}], "question": "Who speaks Costa Rican Creole?", "id": "5ad26061d7d075001a428fd0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the University they belong.", "answer_start": 611}], "question": "What does the position which Costa Rican linguists oppose depend on?", "id": "5ad26061d7d075001a428fd1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the University they belong.", "answer_start": 611}], "question": "What does the position which Jamaican linguists support depend on?", "id": "5ad26061d7d075001a428fd2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There is no universally accepted criterion for distinguishing two different languages from two dialects (i.e. varieties) of the same language. A number of rough measures exist, sometimes leading to contradictory results. The distinction is therefore subjective and depends on the user's frame of reference. For example, there is discussion about if the Lim\u00f3n Creole English must be considered as \"a kind\" of English or a different language. This creole is spoken in the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica (Central America) by descendant of Jamaican people. The position that Costa Rican linguists support depends on the University they belong."}], ["Dialek tidak standard, seperti dialek standard, mempunyai perbendaharaan kata, tatabahasa, dan sintaks lengkap, tetapi biasanya bukan penerima sokongan institusi. Contoh-contoh dialek bahasa Inggeris yang tidak standard ialah Bahasa Inggeris Amerika Selatan, Inggeris Barat Inggeris, Scouse dan Tyke. Ujian Dialect direka oleh Joseph Wright untuk membandingkan satu dialek Bahasa Inggeris yang berbeza antara satu sama lain. <> Apakah dialek tidak biasa biasanya tidak dibandingkan dengan dialek standard? || sokongan institusi <> Bahasa apakah Scouse a dialect? || Bahasa Inggeris <> Apa yang dicipta demi membandingkan dialek bahasa Inggeris? || Ujian Dialekt <<Siapa yang datang dengan Ujian Dialek? || Joseph Wright <> Bersama sintaks dan tatabahasa, apa sifat yang mempunyai dialek? || kosa kata <> Tidak seperti dialek biasa, apa makna dialek yang tidak standard? || <> Tidak seperti dialek yang tidak standard, apakah yang mempunyai dialek standard? || <> Satu dialek yang tidak biasa biasanya menerima jenis sokongan apa? || <> Apakah beberapa contoh American American standard? || <> Ujian mana yang direka oleh Tyke untuk membandingkan dialek Bahasa Inggeris yang berbeza? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does a nonstandard dialect usually not have compared to a standard dialect?", "id": "56e8215937bdd419002c444e", "answers": [{"text": "institutional support", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language is Scouse a dialect of?", "id": "56e8215937bdd419002c444f", "answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was created for the sake of comparing English dialects?", "id": "56e8215937bdd419002c4450", "answers": [{"text": "The Dialect Test", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who came up with the Dialect Test?", "id": "56e8215937bdd419002c4451", "answers": [{"text": "Joseph Wright", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with a syntax and grammar, what attribute does a dialect possess?", "id": "56e8215937bdd419002c4452", "answers": [{"text": "vocabulary", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax", "answer_start": 54}], "question": "Unlike a standard dialect, what does a nonstandard dialect have?", "id": "5ad25c9dd7d075001a428eb6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax", "answer_start": 54}], "question": "Unlike a nonstandard dialect, what does a standard dialect have?", "id": "5ad25c9dd7d075001a428eb7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "institutional", "answer_start": 134}], "question": "A nonstandard dialect usually receives what type of support?", "id": "5ad25c9dd7d075001a428eb8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Southern American English, Western Australian English, Scouse and Tyke", "answer_start": 203}], "question": "What are some examples of standard American English?", "id": "5ad25c9dd7d075001a428eb9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Dialect Test", "answer_start": 275}], "question": "Which test was designed by Tyke to compare different English dialects?", "id": "5ad25c9dd7d075001a428eba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support. Examples of a nonstandard English dialect are Southern American English, Western Australian English, Scouse and Tyke. The Dialect Test was designed by Joseph Wright to compare different English dialects with each other."}], ["Satu penggunaan-yang lebih biasa di kalangan ahli bahasa-merujuk kepada pelbagai bahasa yang merupakan ciri dari kumpulan tertentu penceramah bahasa. Istilah ini digunakan paling kerap untuk corak ucapan serantau, tetapi dialek juga dapat ditakrifkan oleh faktor lain, seperti kelas sosial. Dialek yang dikaitkan dengan kelas sosial tertentu boleh dipanggil sosioekonomi, dialek yang dikaitkan dengan kumpulan etnik tertentu boleh disebut sebagai ethnolect, dan dialek serantau boleh disebut regiolect. Menurut takrif ini, pelbagai bahasa adalah \"dialek\", termasuk mana-mana jenis standard. <> Apakah takrif umum dialek? || pelbagai bahasa yang merupakan ciri kumpulan tertentu penceramah bahasa <> Apakah istilah dialek yang paling sering digunakan? || corak ucapan serantau <> Selain rantau, apakah contoh faktor yang mungkin mempengaruhi dialek? || kelas sosial <> Apakah istilah untuk dialek tertentu ke kelas sosial? || sociolect <> Apa yang anda panggil dialek tertentu kepada etnik tertentu? || etnolect <> Apa yang boleh dipanggil wilayah yang dikaitkan dengan kelas sosial tertentu? || <> Apa yang boleh dipanggil wilayah yang dikaitkan dengan kumpulan etnik tertentu? || <> Apa yang boleh dipanggil ethnolect yang dikaitkan dengan dialek serantau tertentu? || <> Apa pelbagai jenis ahli linguistik? || <> Penggunaan mana yang paling tidak biasa di kalangan ahli bahasa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the common definition of dialect?", "id": "56e81e5837bdd419002c4428", "answers": [{"text": "a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term dialect most often applied to?", "id": "56e81e5837bdd419002c4429", "answers": [{"text": "regional speech patterns", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from region, what is an example of a factor that may influence dialect?", "id": "56e81e5837bdd419002c442a", "answers": [{"text": "social class", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a term for a dialect particular to a social class?", "id": "56e81e5837bdd419002c442b", "answers": [{"text": "sociolect", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do you call a dialect particular to a certain ethnicity?", "id": "56e81e5837bdd419002c442c", "answers": [{"text": "ethnolect", "answer_start": 449}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sociolect", "answer_start": 361}], "question": "What can a region that is associated with a particular social class be called?", "id": "5ad2520ed7d075001a428cfa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ethnolect", "answer_start": 449}], "question": "What can a region that is associated with a particular ethnic group be called?", "id": "5ad2520ed7d075001a428cfb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "regiolect", "answer_start": 499}], "question": "What can a ethnolect that is associated with a particular regional dialect be called?", "id": "5ad2520ed7d075001a428cfc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a dialect", "answer_start": 579}], "question": "What does any variety of a linguist constitute?", "id": "5ad2520ed7d075001a428cfd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "refers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers", "answer_start": 42}], "question": "Which use is least common among linguists?", "id": "5ad2520ed7d075001a428cfe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "One usage\u2014the more common among linguists\u2014refers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class. A dialect that is associated with a particular social class can be termed a sociolect, a dialect that is associated with a particular ethnic group can be termed as ethnolect, and a regional dialect may be termed a regiolect. According to this definition, any variety of a language constitutes \"a dialect\", including any standard varieties."}], ["Kriteria yang paling biasa, dan paling murni linguistik adalah kepercayaan: dua jenis dikatakan sebagai dialek bahasa yang sama jika menjadi pembicara dari satu jenis memberikan pengetahuan yang cukup untuk memahami dan difahami oleh pembicara yang lain; jika tidak, mereka dikatakan bahasa yang berbeza. Walau bagaimanapun, definisi ini menjadi masalah dalam kes dialek continua, di mana ia mungkin berlaku bahawa dialek B saling difahami dengan kedua-dua dialek A dan dialek C tetapi dialek A dan C tidak saling difahami antara satu sama lain. Dalam hal ini, kriteria saling kejelasan membuatnya mustahil untuk menentukan sama ada A dan C adalah dialek bahasa yang sama atau tidak. Kes-kes juga mungkin timbul di mana penceramah dialek X dapat memahami penceramah dialek Y, tetapi tidak sebaliknya; Kriteria kriteria bersama juga merosot di sini juga. <> Ciri apa yang paling biasa cara menentukan jika bahasa adalah dialek? || Saling pengertian <> Apakah istilah untuk ketika dialek A dan B dipahami bersama, dialek B dan C saling difahami, tetapi dialek A dan C tidak dapat dipahami? || dialect continua <> Apakah definisi saling keterangan? || jika seorang penceramah satu kepelbagaian memberikan pengetahuan yang mencukupi untuk difahami dan difahami oleh penceramah yang lain <> Yang manakah kriteria paling tidak lazim dan murni bahasa? || <> Apakah istilah untuk dua dialek bahasa yang berbeza yang saling berkaitan? || <> Apa yang berlaku apabila dialek A B dan C semua saling difahami dengan yang lain? || <> Yang manakah kriteria paling luar biasa untuk menjadi dialek bahasa yang sama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What trait is the most common way of determining if languages are dialects?", "id": "56e822d000c9c71400d775cb", "answers": [{"text": "mutual intelligibility", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term for when dialects A and B are mutually intelligible, dialect B and C are mutually intelligible, but dialects A and C are not mutually intelligible?", "id": "56e822d000c9c71400d775cc", "answers": [{"text": "dialect continua", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the definition of mutual intelligibility?", "id": "56e822d000c9c71400d775cd", "answers": [{"text": "if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by a speaker of the other", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mutual intelligibility", "answer_start": 66}], "question": "Which is the most uncommon and purely linguistic criterion?", "id": "5ad26120d7d075001a428ffc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mutual intelligibility", "answer_start": 66}], "question": "What is the term for two dialects of different languages that are intertwined?", "id": "5ad26120d7d075001a428ffd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dialect continua", "answer_start": 383}], "question": "What occurs when dialect A B and C are all mutual intelligible with another?", "id": "5ad26120d7d075001a428ffe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mutual intelligibility", "answer_start": 66}], "question": "Which is the most uncommon criterion for being a dialect of the same language?", "id": "5ad26120d7d075001a428fff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The most common, and most purely linguistic, criterion is that of mutual intelligibility: two varieties are said to be dialects of the same language if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by a speaker of the other; otherwise, they are said to be different languages. However, this definition becomes problematic in the case of dialect continua, in which it may be the case that dialect B is mutually intelligible with both dialect A and dialect C but dialects A and C are not mutually intelligible with each other. In this case the criterion of mutual intelligibility makes it impossible to decide whether A and C are dialects of the same language or not. Cases may also arise in which a speaker of dialect X can understand a speaker of dialect Y, but not vice versa; the mutual intelligibility criterion flounders here as well."}], ["Dialek standard (juga dikenali sebagai dialek piawai atau \"bahasa piawai\") adalah dialek yang disokong oleh institusi. Sokongan institusi seperti ini mungkin termasuk pengiktirafan atau penetapan kerajaan; persembahan sebagai bentuk \"betul\" bahasa di sekolah; menerbitkan tatabahasa, kamus, dan buku teks yang menyatakan bentuk lisan dan tulisan yang betul; dan sastera formal yang luas yang menggunakan dialek (prosa, puisi, bukan fiksyen, dan lain-lain). Mungkin ada banyak dialek standard yang berkaitan dengan bahasa tunggal. Sebagai contoh, Standard American English, Standard British English, Standard Canadian English, Standard Indian English, Standard Australian English, dan Standard Philippine English semuanya boleh dikatakan sebagai dialek standard dalam bahasa Inggeris. <> Apakah istilah lain untuk dialek piawai atau standard? || bahasa standard <> Sokongan daripada kumpulan apa yang menyebabkan dialek menjadi standard? || institusi <> Bersama dengan tatabahasa dan kamus, penerbitan apa yang membantu dialek menjadi standard? || buku teks <> Standard Bahasa Filipina Bahasa Inggeris adalah dialek biasa bahasa apa? || Bahasa Inggeris <> Pengiktirafan dari badan apa yang boleh membantu dialek untuk menjadi standard? || kerajaan <> Apakah istilah untuk dialek yang masih tidak disokong oleh institusi? || <> Mungkin terdapat hanya satu yang berkaitan dengan pelbagai bahasa? || <> Standard British Canadian adalah contoh dialek di mana bahasa? || <> Australian Standard English adalah contoh dialek bahasa mana? || <> Standard British Filipina adalah contoh dialek bahasa mana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another term for a standard or standardized dialect?", "id": "56e820ad37bdd419002c4444", "answers": [{"text": "standard language", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The support of what groups results in a dialect being standardized?", "id": "56e820ad37bdd419002c4445", "answers": [{"text": "institutions", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with grammars and dictionaries, what publications help a dialect to become standardized?", "id": "56e820ad37bdd419002c4446", "answers": [{"text": "textbooks", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Standard Philippine English is a standard dialect of of what language?", "id": "56e820ad37bdd419002c4447", "answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 575}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Recognition from what body may help a dialect to become standardized?", "id": "56e820ad37bdd419002c4448", "answers": [{"text": "government", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "standard dialect", "answer_start": 2}], "question": "What is the term for a dialect that remains unsupported by institutions?", "id": "5ad25906d7d075001a428dee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "standard dialects", "answer_start": 491}], "question": "There may be only one what associated with multiple languages?", "id": "5ad25906d7d075001a428def", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "English language.", "answer_start": 770}], "question": "Standard British Canadian is an example of a dialect of which language?", "id": "5ad25906d7d075001a428df0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "English language.", "answer_start": 770}], "question": "Australian Standard English  is an example of a dialect of which language?", "id": "5ad25906d7d075001a428df1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "English language.", "answer_start": 770}], "question": "Standard British Philippines is an example of a dialect of which language?", "id": "5ad25906d7d075001a428df2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A standard dialect (also known as a standardized dialect or \"standard language\") is a dialect that is supported by institutions. Such institutional support may include government recognition or designation; presentation as being the \"correct\" form of a language in schools; published grammars, dictionaries, and textbooks that set forth a correct spoken and written form; and an extensive formal literature that employs that dialect (prose, poetry, non-fiction, etc.). There may be multiple standard dialects associated with a single language. For example, Standard American English, Standard British English, Standard Canadian English, Standard Indian English, Standard Australian English, and Standard Philippine English may all be said to be standard dialects of the English language."}], ["Kriteria lain yang kadang-kadang digunakan untuk dialek diskriminasi dari bahasa ialah kuasa otoritas linguistik, suatu makna yang lebih sosiologi. Menurut definisi ini, dua jenis dianggap dialek bahasa yang sama jika (di bawah sekurang-kurangnya beberapa keadaan) mereka akan menangguhkan kepada pihak berkuasa yang sama mengenai beberapa soalan mengenai bahasa mereka. Sebagai contoh, untuk mengetahui nama ciptaan baru, atau spesis tumbuhan asing yang tidak jelas, penceramah Bavarian German dan East Franconian German mungkin masing-masing berkonsultasi dengan kamus Jerman atau meminta pakar berbahasa Jerman dalam subjek itu. Secara kontras, walaupun orang Yiddish diklasifikasikan oleh ahli bahasa sebagai bahasa dalam kumpulan bahasa \"Middle High German\", seorang penceramah Yiddish tidak akan merujuk kamus Jerman untuk menentukan kata yang digunakan dalam hal sedemikian. <> Apa istilah merujuk kepada cara lain di mana dialek dibezakan dari bahasa? || kekuasaan linguistik <> Di bawah kriteria pihak berkuasa linguistik, apakah dialek Jerman bersama dengan Jerman Bavaria? || East Franconian German <> Dari apa kumpulan bahasa orang Yiddish seorang ahli? || Middle High German <> Mengapa orang Yiddish bukan dialek Jerman? || seorang penceramah Yiddish tidak akan berunding dengan kamus Jerman <> Kurang makna ideologi sosial, apakah istilah untuk kriteria lain untuk membezakan dialek? || <> Satu lagi makna sosiolinguistik, apakah istilah untuk kriteria lain untuk membezakan kamus Jerman? || <> Di bawah kuasa apa dua jenis dianggap sebagai dialek bahasa yang berbeza jika mereka merujuk kepada badan yang sama dengan soalan tentang bahasa mereka? || <> Di mana kamus akan seorang penceramah Yiddish mencari soalan mengenai penggunaan perkataan? || <> Bahasa mana yang diklasifikasikan oleh ahli bahasa sebagai dalam kumpulan Lower German yang lebih tinggi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What term refers to another way in which dialects are distinguished from languages?", "id": "56e8239437bdd419002c445e", "answers": [{"text": "linguistic authority", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Under the linguistic authority criteria, what is a dialect of German along with Bavarian German?", "id": "56e8239437bdd419002c445f", "answers": [{"text": "East Franconian German", "answer_start": 481}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of what group of languages is Yiddish a member?", "id": "56e8239437bdd419002c4460", "answers": [{"text": "Middle High German", "answer_start": 677}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why is Yiddish not a dialect of German?", "id": "56e8239437bdd419002c4461", "answers": [{"text": "a Yiddish speaker would not consult a German dictionary", "answer_start": 717}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "linguistic authority", "answer_start": 90}], "question": "A less sociolinguistic notion, what is the term for another criterion for distinguishing dialects?", "id": "5ad261dad7d075001a429076", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "linguistic authority", "answer_start": 90}], "question": "A more sociolinguistic notion, what is the term for another criterion for distinguishing German dictionarys?", "id": "5ad261dad7d075001a429077", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "linguistic authority", "answer_start": 90}], "question": "Under what authority would two varieties be considered dialects of different languages if they would refer to the same body with questions about their languages?", "id": "5ad261dad7d075001a429078", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "German dictionary", "answer_start": 755}], "question": "In which dictionary would a Yiddish speaker look for questions regarding word usage?", "id": "5ad261dad7d075001a429079", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Yiddish", "answer_start": 620}], "question": "Which language is classified by linguists as being in the Lower High German group?", "id": "5ad261dad7d075001a42907a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Another occasionally used criterion for discriminating dialects from languages is that of linguistic authority, a more sociolinguistic notion. According to this definition, two varieties are considered dialects of the same language if (under at least some circumstances) they would defer to the same authority regarding some questions about their language. For instance, to learn the name of a new invention, or an obscure foreign species of plant, speakers of Bavarian German and East Franconian German might each consult a German dictionary or ask a German-speaking expert in the subject. By way of contrast, although Yiddish is classified by linguists as a language in the \"Middle High German\" group of languages, a Yiddish speaker would not consult a German dictionary to determine the word to use in such a case."}], ["Penggunaan lain merujuk kepada bahasa yang disubordinasikan secara sosial kepada bahasa standard serantau atau kebangsaan, yang sering bersifat historis atau berkaitan dengan bahasa piawai, tetapi tidak sebenarnya berasal darinya. Dalam pengertian ini, tidak seperti penggunaan pertama, bahasa standard tidak akan dianggap sebagai \"dialek,\" kerana ia adalah bahasa dominan dalam suatu negara atau rantau tertentu, sama ada dari segi status sosial atau politik, status rasmi, kekuasaan atau kelaziman, atau semua perkara di atas. Sementara itu, \"dialek\" yang bawahan kepada bahasa standard pada amnya bukan variasi pada bahasa standard tetapi bahasa yang berasingan (tetapi sering berkaitan) dalam diri mereka sendiri. Contohnya, kebanyakan bahasa Romantik serantau di Itali, yang lazimnya dirujuk sebagai \"dialek\" dalam bahasa Itali, sebenarnya bukan berasal dari bahasa Itali moden, tetapi berkembang dari Latin Vulgar secara berasingan dan berasingan dari satu sama lain dan secara berasingan Bahasa Itali yang standard, lama sebelum penyebaran bahasa piawai kebangsaan di seluruh Itali sekarang. Oleh sebab itu, pelbagai bahasa serantau yang berasal dari bahasa Latin, dalam pengertian linguistik, tidak benar-benar \"dialek\" dari bahasa Itali yang standard, tetapi sebaliknya lebih baik ditakrifkan sebagai bahasa masing-masing. Sebaliknya, dengan penyebaran piawai bahasa Itali di seluruh Itali pada abad ke-20, pelbagai versi serantau atau jenis bahasa Itali piawai telah dibangunkan, umumnya sebagai campuran bahasa kebangsaan Itali dengan bahasa serantau tempatan dan aksen tempatan. Variasi ini pada bahasa Itali piawai, yang dikenali sebagai bahasa Itali serantau, akan lebih tepat dipanggil \"dialek\" sesuai dengan definisi linguistik pertama \"dialek,\" kerana sebenarnya mereka berasal sebahagian atau kebanyakannya dari bahasa Itali standard. <> Apakah takrif lain istilah dialek? || bahasa yang subordinat dengan bahasa standard serantau atau kebangsaan <> Bagaimana dialek berdiri berhubung dengan bahasa standard? || subordinat dengan bahasa standard <> Bahasa Romantik wilayah di negara mana yang kadang-kadang disebut sebagai dialek? || Itali <> Apa variasi abad ke-20 mengenai panggilan bahasa Itali yang standard? || bahasa serantau Itali <> Dari bahasa apakah bahasa Romantik wilayah Itali berasal? || Latin <> Yang variasi bahasa Itali dikenali sebagai bahasa Itali? || <> Bahasa mana yang tersebar di seluruh Itali pada abad ke-19? || <> Apakah variasi abad ke-19 bahasa Itali yang dikenali sebagai? || <> Apakah variasi abad ke-20 bahasa Inggeris yang dikenali sebagai? || <> Bahasa manakah abad ke-19 berkembang daripada bahasa Latin Vulgar? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the other definition of the term dialect?", "id": "56e81ee337bdd419002c4432", "answers": [{"text": "a language that is socially subordinated to a regional or national standard language", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does a dialect stand in relation to the standard language?", "id": "56e81ee337bdd419002c4433", "answers": [{"text": "subordinate to the standard language", "answer_start": 522}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The regional Romance languages in what country are sometimes referred to as dialects?", "id": "56e81ee337bdd419002c4434", "answers": [{"text": "Italy", "answer_start": 748}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are 20th century variations on standard Italian called?", "id": "56e81ee337bdd419002c4435", "answers": [{"text": "regional Italian", "answer_start": 1597}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what language did the regional Romance languages of Italy derive?", "id": "56e81ee337bdd419002c4436", "answers": [{"text": "Latin", "answer_start": 905}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "standard Italian", "answer_start": 1570}], "question": "Which variation of Italian are known as national Italian?", "id": "5ad257f5d7d075001a428da8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Italian", "answer_start": 1333}], "question": "Which language spread throughout Italy during the 19th century?", "id": "5ad257f5d7d075001a428da9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "regional Italian", "answer_start": 1597}], "question": "What are 19th century variations of standard Italian known as?", "id": "5ad257f5d7d075001a428daa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "regional Italian", "answer_start": 1597}], "question": "What are 20th century variations of standard English known as?", "id": "5ad257f5d7d075001a428dab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Romance languages", "answer_start": 727}], "question": "Which languages of the 19th century evolved from Vulgar Latin?", "id": "5ad257f5d7d075001a428dac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The other usage refers to a language that is socially subordinated to a regional or national standard language, often historically cognate or related to the standard language, but not actually derived from it. In this sense, unlike in the first usage, the standard language would not itself be considered a \"dialect,\" as it is the dominant language in a particular state or region, whether in terms of social or political status, official status, predominance or prevalence, or all of the above. Meanwhile, the \"dialects\" subordinate to the standard language are generally not variations on the standard language but rather separate (but often related) languages in and of themselves. For example, most of the various regional Romance languages of Italy, often colloquially referred to as Italian \"dialects,\" are, in fact, not actually derived from modern standard Italian, but rather evolved from Vulgar Latin separately and individually from one another and independently of standard Italian, long prior to the diffusion of a national standardized language throughout what is now Italy. These various Latin-derived regional languages are therefore, in a linguistic sense, not truly \"dialects\" of the standard Italian language, but are instead better defined as their own separate languages. Conversely, with the spread of standard Italian throughout Italy in the 20th century, various regional versions or varieties of standard Italian developed, generally as a mix of the national standard Italian with local regional languages and local accents. These variations on standard Italian, known as regional Italian, would more appropriately be called \"dialects\" in accordance with the first linguistic definition of \"dialect,\" as they are in fact derived partially or mostly from standard Italian. "}], ["Istilah \"bahasa\" dan \"dialek\" tidak semestinya saling eksklusif: Tiada apa-apa yang bercanggah dalam pernyataan \"bahasa Belanda Belanda adalah dialek bahasa Jerman\". <> Bahasa Pennsylvania Belanda adalah dialek bahasa apa? || Jerman <> Istilah mana yang selalu saling eksklusif? || <> Apakah hubungan jenis apa istilah Pennsylvania dan Belanda? || <> Dialek manakah bahasa Jerman? || <> Apakah hubungan jenis apakah istilah dialek dan bahasa Belanda? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The language of the Pennsylvania Dutch is a dialect of what language?", "id": "56e8245e37bdd419002c4466", "answers": [{"text": "German", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"language\" and \"dialect\"", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "Which terms are always mutually exclusive?", "id": "5ad264ead7d075001a429186", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mutually exclusive", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "What type of relationship do the terms Pennsylvania and Dutch have?", "id": "5ad264ead7d075001a429187", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pennsylvania Dutch", "answer_start": 144}], "question": "Which dialect is the language of Germany?", "id": "5ad264ead7d075001a429188", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mutually exclusive", "answer_start": 55}], "question": "What type of relationship do the terms dialect and Dutch have?", "id": "5ad264ead7d075001a429189", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The terms \"language\" and \"dialect\" are not necessarily mutually exclusive: There is nothing contradictory in the statement \"the language of the Pennsylvania Dutch is a dialect of German\"."}], ["Dialek Jerman menunjukkan spektrum variasi yang luas. Kebanyakan mereka tidak saling difahami. Dialekologi Jerman secara tradisinya menamakan kumpulan dialek utama selepas puak-puak Jerman dari mana mereka dianggap mempunyai keturunan. [Rujukan?] Selepas entiti mana-mana dialek Jerman dinamakan tradisional? || Suku Jerman <> Apakah dialek Jerman menunjukkan pada spektrum sempit? || <> Apakah jenis hubungan yang paling dialek Jerman? || <> Selepas siapa nama dialektologi Jerman menamakan kumpulan dialek kecil selepas? || <> Ia dianggap suku kaum Jerman turun dari apa? || <> Jenis dialek apa jenis mempunyai variasi sempit? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "After what entities are German dialects traditionally named?", "id": "56e82b5c37bdd419002c4480", "answers": [{"text": "Germanic tribes", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "variation", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "What do the German dialects show on a narrow spectrum?", "id": "5ad26cd3d7d075001a4293a2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mutually intelligible", "answer_start": 76}], "question": "What type of relationship do most German dialects have?", "id": "5ad26cd3d7d075001a4293a3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Germanic tribes", "answer_start": 170}], "question": "After who does German dialectology name minor dialect groups after?", "id": "5ad26cd3d7d075001a4293a4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "major dialect groups", "answer_start": 143}], "question": "It is assumed Germanic tribes descended from what?", "id": "5ad26cd3d7d075001a4293a5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "German", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What type of dialects show have a narrow range of variation?", "id": "5ad26cd3d7d075001a4293a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The German dialects show a wide spectrum of variation. Most of them are not mutually intelligible. German dialectology traditionally names the major dialect groups after Germanic tribes from which they were assumed to have descended.[citation needed]"}], ["Setakat mana dialek yang digunakan berbeza-beza mengikut beberapa faktor: Di Jerman Utara, dialek kurang biasa daripada di Selatan. Di bandar-bandar, dialek kurang biasa daripada di desa. Dalam persekitaran awam, dialek kurang biasa daripada persekitaran yang biasa. <> Di bahagian geografi Jerman apa dialek yang lebih biasa? || Selatan <> Di bahagian geografi Jerman apa dialek yang kurang kerap dilihat? || Jerman Utara <> Dialek lebih sering dilihat di kawasan luar bandar berbanding dengan apa yang penduduk pusat? || bandar-bandar <> Dalam persekitaran apa dialek kurang biasa? || awam <> Dalam persekitaran apa dialek lebih kerap didengar? || biasa <> Di mana di Jerman Selatan dialek kurang biasa? || <> Apa yang lebih biasa di Jerman Utara berbanding di Selatan? || <> Apa yang lebih biasa di Selatan Jerman daripada di Utara? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what geographic part of Germany are dialects more common?", "id": "56e82bec37bdd419002c4482", "answers": [{"text": "South", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what geographic part of Germany are dialects less frequently seen?", "id": "56e82bec37bdd419002c4483", "answers": [{"text": "Northern Germany", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dialects are more frequently seen in the countryside as compared to what population centers?", "id": "56e82bec37bdd419002c4484", "answers": [{"text": "cities", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what environment are dialects less common?", "id": "56e82bec37bdd419002c4485", "answers": [{"text": "public", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what environment are dialects more frequently heard?", "id": "56e82bec37bdd419002c4486", "answers": [{"text": "familiar", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Northern", "answer_start": 88}], "question": "Where in Southern Germany are dialects less common?", "id": "5ad26e1ed7d075001a4293de", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dialects", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "What is more common in Northern German than in the South?", "id": "5ad26e1ed7d075001a4293df", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dialects", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "What are more common in Southern German than in the North?", "id": "5ad26e1ed7d075001a4293e0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The extent to which the dialects are spoken varies according to a number of factors: In Northern Germany, dialects are less common than in the South. In cities, dialects are less common than on the countryside. In a public environment, dialects are less common than in a familiar environment."}], ["Apabila bercakap mengenai bahasa Jerman, istilah dialek Jerman hanya digunakan untuk varieti serantau tradisional. Itu membolehkan mereka dibezakan daripada pelbagai jenis Jerman moden. <> Bilakah istilah 'dialek Jerman' digunakan dalam bahasa Jerman? || jenis serantau tradisional <> Apa jenis rantau tradisi Jerman yang dibezakan dari? || jenis serantau standard moden Jerman <> Istilah mana yang digunakan hanya untuk varieti nontradisional? || <> Istilah mana yang digunakan hanya untuk varieti kebangsaan? || <> Sebagai rujukan kepada jenis moden, istilah apa yang digunakan hanya untuk bahasa serantau tradisional? || <> Apakah ini membolehkan ia kekal tidak dikenali? || <> Oleh kerana itu, apa yang dibezakan oleh Jerman purba dari? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When is the term 'German dialects' used in regard to the German language?", "id": "56e8272b37bdd419002c447c", "answers": [{"text": "traditional regional varieties", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are traditional region varieties of German distinguished from?", "id": "56e8272b37bdd419002c447d", "answers": [{"text": "the regional varieties of modern standard German", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "German dialects", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "Which term is only used for nontraditional varieties?", "id": "5ad26c44d7d075001a42938e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "German dialects", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "Which term is only used for national varieties?", "id": "5ad26c44d7d075001a42938f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "German dialects", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "In reference to modern varieties, what term is only used for traditional regional languages?", "id": "5ad26c44d7d075001a429390", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "regional varieties of modern standard German", "answer_start": 164}], "question": "What does this allow the to remain undistinguished from?", "id": "5ad26c44d7d075001a429391", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "regional varieties of modern standard German", "answer_start": 164}], "question": "Because of this, what is ancient standard German distinguished from?", "id": "5ad26c44d7d075001a429392", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "When talking about the German language, the term German dialects is only used for the traditional regional varieties. That allows them to be distinguished from the regional varieties of modern standard German."}], ["Rangka kerja telah dibangunkan pada tahun 1967 oleh Heinz Kloss, abstand dan bahasa ausbau, untuk menggambarkan komuniti pertuturan, yang bersatu dalam politik dan / atau budaya, termasuk pelbagai dialek yang walaupun berkait rapat secara genetik mungkin berbeza dengan titik antara kecerdasan inter-dialek. <> Siapa yang membangunkan rangka kerja bahasa abstand dan ausbau? || Heinz Kloss <> Dalam tahun berapakah rangka kerja abstand dan ausbau dikembangkan? || 1967 <> Apa jenis penyatuan dalam komuniti pertuturan yang membincangkan rangka kerja abstand dan ausbau? || politik dan / atau kultur <> Di mana tahun berlalu dan ausbau mengembangkan rangka kerja mereka? || <> Dengan siapa rangka yang dibangun pada tahun 1960 untuk menggambarkan komuniti pertuturan? || <> Dalam tahun apakah Heinz Kloss membangun rangka kerja untuk menerangkan dialek secara genetik? || <> Siapa yang membangun rangka kerja untuk menerangkan dialek secara genetik? || <> Apa yang Heinz Kloss membina rangka kerja pada tahun 1927? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who developed the abstand and ausbau languages framework?", "id": "56e8242300c9c71400d775d3", "answers": [{"text": "Heinz Kloss", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the abstand and ausbau framework developed?", "id": "56e8242300c9c71400d775d4", "answers": [{"text": "1967", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of unification in speech communities did the abstand and ausbau framework discuss?", "id": "56e8242300c9c71400d775d5", "answers": [{"text": "politically and/or culturally", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1967", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "In which year did abstand and ausbau develop their framework?", "id": "5ad26431d7d075001a429144", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Heinz Kloss", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "By who was a framework developed in 1960 for describing speech communities?", "id": "5ad26431d7d075001a429145", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1967", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "In what year did Heinz Kloss develop a framework for describing dialects genetically?", "id": "5ad26431d7d075001a429146", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Heinz Kloss", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "Who developed a framework for describing dialects genetically?", "id": "5ad26431d7d075001a429147", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "describe speech communities", "answer_start": 83}], "question": "What did Heinz Kloss develop a framework for in 1927?", "id": "5ad26431d7d075001a429148", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A framework was developed in 1967 by Heinz Kloss, abstand and ausbau languages, to describe speech communities, that while unified politically and/or culturally, include multiple dialects which though closely related genetically may be divergent to the point of inter-dialect unintelligibility."}], ["Walau bagaimanapun, dalam kebanyakan masyarakat, dialek tertentu, selalunya sosioekonomi golongan elit, dikenali sebagai versi \"standard\" atau \"betul\" bahasa oleh mereka yang ingin membuat perbezaan sosial, dan berbeza dengan jenis lain . Akibatnya, dalam beberapa konteks istilah \"dialek\" merujuk secara khusus kepada jenis yang mempunyai status sosial yang rendah. Dalam pengertian menengah ini \"dialek\", jenis bahasa sering dipanggil dialek dan bukannya bahasa: <> Dengan apa kelas sosial itu, dialek standard biasanya dikaitkan? || kelas elit <> Apakah status sosial adalah istilah \"dialek\" yang kadang-kadang dikaitkan dengan? || rendah <> Apakah istilah lain untuk jenis bahasa? || dialek <> Dalam konteks tertentu, istilah mana merujuk kepada jenis yang mempunyai status sosial yang tinggi? || <> Istilah yang sesuai merujuk kepada jenis dengan jenis status sosial apa? || <> Apakah istilah lain untuk pengertian menengah? || <> Istilah pelbagai merujuk kepada jenis dengan jenis status sosial apa? || <> Istilah mana yang merujuk kepada jenis yang mempunyai status sosial yang tinggi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "With what social class it the standard dialect commonly associated?", "id": "56e8253a37bdd419002c446e", "answers": [{"text": "the elite class", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What social status is the term \"dialect\" sometimes associated with?", "id": "56e8253a37bdd419002c446f", "answers": [{"text": "low", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another term for language varieties?", "id": "56e8253a37bdd419002c4470", "answers": [{"text": "dialects", "answer_start": 440}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dialect", "answer_start": 300}], "question": "In certain context, which term refers to varieties with high social status?", "id": "5ad26973d7d075001a4292d6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "low", "answer_start": 347}], "question": "The term proper refers to varieties with what type of social status?", "id": "5ad26973d7d075001a4292d7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dialects", "answer_start": 440}], "question": "What is another term for secondary sense?", "id": "5ad26973d7d075001a4292d8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "low", "answer_start": 347}], "question": "The term variety refers to varieties with what type of social status?", "id": "5ad26973d7d075001a4292d9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dialect", "answer_start": 300}], "question": "Which term refers to varieties with high social status?", "id": "5ad26973d7d075001a4292da", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In many societies, however, a particular dialect, often the sociolect of the elite class, comes to be identified as the \"standard\" or \"proper\" version of a language by those seeking to make a social distinction, and is contrasted with other varieties. As a result of this, in some contexts the term \"dialect\" refers specifically to varieties with low social status. In this secondary sense of \"dialect\", language varieties are often called dialects rather than languages:"}], ["Status \"bahasa\" tidak hanya ditentukan oleh kriteria linguistik, tetapi juga merupakan hasil dari perkembangan sejarah dan politik. Romansh menjadi bahasa bertulis, dan oleh itu ia diiktiraf sebagai bahasa, walaupun ia sangat dekat dengan dialek alpine Lombard. Contoh yang berlawanan adalah kes Cina, yang variasi seperti Mandarin dan Kantonis sering dipanggil dialek dan bukan bahasa, walaupun mereka tidak memahami. <> Apa perkembangan bukan linguistik mempengaruhi status bahasa? || sejarah dan politik <> Apa dialek bahasa Romansh yang sama? || Lombardic alpine <> Bahasa apa bahasa Mandarin dan Kantonis kadang-kadang dianggap dialek? || Bahasa Cina <> Mengapakah bahasa Mandarin dan Kanton tidak boleh dianggap sebagai dialek? || ketidakpahertian bersama <> Apakah status bahasa semata-mata ditentukan oleh? || <> Bersama dengan dialek alpine, apa lagi status bahasa yang ditentukan oleh? || <> Apakah jenis pembangunan yang dapat membantu menentukan status bahasa Mandarin? || <> Lombardic diiktiraf sebagai bahasa walaupun berdekatan dengan dialek alpine? || <> Yang mana variasi bahasa Cina mempunyai kecerdasan bersama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What non-linguistic developments influence the status of a language?", "id": "56e825c337bdd419002c4474", "answers": [{"text": "historical and political", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What dialect is the language Romansh similar to?", "id": "56e825c337bdd419002c4475", "answers": [{"text": "Lombardic alpine", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language are Mandarin and Cantonese sometimes considered dialects of?", "id": "56e825c337bdd419002c4476", "answers": [{"text": "Chinese", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why might Mandarin and Cantonese not be regarded as dialects?", "id": "56e825c337bdd419002c4477", "answers": [{"text": "mutual unintelligibility", "answer_start": 442}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "linguistic criteria", "answer_start": 53}], "question": "What is the status of language solely determined by?", "id": "5ad269dfd7d075001a4292f2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "historical and political development", "answer_start": 105}], "question": "Along with alpine dialects, what else is the status of language determined by?", "id": "5ad269dfd7d075001a4292f3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "historical and political", "answer_start": 105}], "question": "What types of development help to determine the status of Mandarin?", "id": "5ad269dfd7d075001a4292f4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Romansh", "answer_start": 143}], "question": "Lombardic is recognized as a language despite being close to which alpine dialect?", "id": "5ad269dfd7d075001a4292f5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mandarin and Cantonese", "answer_start": 360}], "question": "Which variations of the Chinese language have mutual intelligibility? ", "id": "5ad269dfd7d075001a4292f6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The status of \"language\" is not solely determined by linguistic criteria, but it is also the result of a historical and political development. Romansh came to be a written language, and therefore it is recognized as a language, even though it is very close to the Lombardic alpine dialects. An opposite example is the case of Chinese, whose variations such as Mandarin and Cantonese are often called dialects and not languages, despite their mutual unintelligibility."}], ["Terdapat pelbagai istilah yang boleh digunakan oleh ahli bahasa untuk mengelakkan mengambil kedudukan sama ada ucapan sesebuah komuniti adalah bahasa bebas dalam bahasa sendiri atau dialek bahasa lain. Mungkin yang paling biasa adalah \"pelbagai\"; \"pensyarah\" adalah satu lagi. Istilah yang lebih umum adalah \"languoid\", yang tidak membezakan antara dialek, bahasa, dan kumpulan bahasa, sama ada berkaitan genealogi atau tidak. <> Istilah apa yang mengelakkan membezakan antara bahasa dan dialek? || languoid <> Apa cara paling umum merujuk kepada bahasa tanpa membuat penentuan apakah itu dialek atau bahasa mandiri? || Variasi <> Bersama dengan pelbagai dan languoid, apakah istilah lain yang digunakan untuk bahasa tanpa menentukan statusnya yang independen? || kuliah <> Istilah mana yang membezakan antara dialek dan bahasa? || <> Yang istilah membezakan antara dialek dan bahasa tetapi tidak pelbagai? || <> Yang mana yang paling lazim digunakan oleh ahli bahasa untuk mengelakkan mengambil kedudukan pada ucapan komuniti? || <> Istilah mana yang membezakan antara dialek dan bahasa tetapi tidak kedudukan? || <> Istilah mana yang membezakan antara dialek dan kumpulan bahasa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What term avoids distinguishing between languages and dialects?", "id": "56e824c637bdd419002c4468", "answers": [{"text": "languoid", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the most common way of referring to a language without making the determination of whether it's a dialect or independent language?", "id": "56e824c637bdd419002c4469", "answers": [{"text": "variety", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with variety and languoid, what is another term used for a language without determining its independent status?", "id": "56e824c637bdd419002c446a", "answers": [{"text": "lect", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "languoid", "answer_start": 270}], "question": "Which term distinguishes between dialects and languages?", "id": "5ad268d1d7d075001a42929c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "languoid", "answer_start": 270}], "question": "Which term distinguishes between dialects and languages but not variety?", "id": "5ad268d1d7d075001a42929d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "variety", "answer_start": 217}], "question": "Which is the most uncommon term linguists use to avoid taking a position on the speech of a community?", "id": "5ad268d1d7d075001a42929e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "languoid", "answer_start": 270}], "question": "Which term distinguishes between dialects and languages but not position?", "id": "5ad268d1d7d075001a42929f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "languoid", "answer_start": 270}], "question": "Which term distinguishes between dialects and groups of languages?", "id": "5ad268d1d7d075001a4292a0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There are various terms that linguists may use to avoid taking a position on whether the speech of a community is an independent language in its own right or a dialect of another language. Perhaps the most common is \"variety\"; \"lect\" is another. A more general term is \"languoid\", which does not distinguish between dialects, languages, and groups of languages, whether genealogically related or not."}], ["Ahli linguistik Yiddish Max Weinreich menerbitkan ungkapan itu, yang merupakan dialekt dengan sebuah armey un flot (\"A bahasa adalah dialek dengan tentera dan tentera laut\") di YIVO Bleter 25.1, 1945, ms. 13. Kepentingan faktor-faktor politik dalam mana-mana percubaan untuk menjawab soalan \"apa bahasa?\" cukup besar untuk menimbulkan keraguan tentang sama ada definisi ketat linguistik, tanpa pendekatan sosio-budaya, mungkin. Ini digambarkan oleh kekerapan yang digunakan oleh angkatan tentera-tentera laut. <> Max Weinreich adalah bahasa linguistik bahasa apa? || Yiddish <> Apa maksud \"A shrek dari dialekt dengan armey un flot\" bermaksud dalam bahasa Inggeris? || Bahasa adalah dialek dengan tentera dan angkatan darat <> Bilakah Max Weinrich menulis \"A shrek dari dialekt dengan armey un flot\"? || 1945 <> Dalam apa yang diterbitkan oleh angkatan tentera laut frasa \"Bahasa adalah dialek dengan tentera dan angkatan laut\"? || <> Apa yang digambarkan oleh kekerapan oleh Max Weinreich menerbitkan ungkapannya? || <> Bahasa yang mana YIVO Bleter seorang ahli linguistik? || <> Max Weinreich adalah apa yang berkaitan dengan bahasa YIVO Bleter? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Max Weinreich is a linguist of what language?", "id": "56e8270200c9c71400d775e1", "answers": [{"text": "Yiddish", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does \"A shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot\" mean in English?", "id": "56e8270200c9c71400d775e2", "answers": [{"text": "A language is a dialect with an army and navy", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Max Weinrich write \"A shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot\"?", "id": "56e8270200c9c71400d775e3", "answers": [{"text": "1945", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "YIVO Bleter", "answer_start": 214}], "question": "In what did the army-navy publish the phrase  \"A language is a dialect with an army and navy\"?", "id": "5ad26bbcd7d075001a429362", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "significance of the political factors in any attempt at answering the question \"what is a language?", "answer_start": 249}], "question": "What is illustrated by the frequency by Max Weinreich published his expression?", "id": "5ad26bbcd7d075001a429363", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Yiddish", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Which language is YIVO Bleter a linguist of?", "id": "5ad26bbcd7d075001a429364", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "linguist", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "Max Weinreich is what in relation to the YIVO Bleter language?", "id": "5ad26bbcd7d075001a429365", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Yiddish linguist Max Weinreich published the expression, A shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot (\"\u05d0\u05b7 \u05e9\u05e4\u05bc\u05e8\u05d0\u05b7\u05da \u05d0\u05d9\u05d6 \u05d0\u05b7 \u05d3\u05d9\u05d0\u05b7\u05dc\u05e2\u05e7\u05d8 \u05de\u05d9\u05d8 \u05d0\u05b7\u05df \u05d0\u05b7\u05e8\u05de\u05f2 \u05d0\u05d5\u05df \u05e4\u05bf\u05dc\u05d0\u05b8\u05d8\"\u200e: \"A language is a dialect with an army and navy\") in YIVO Bleter 25.1, 1945, p. 13. The significance of the political factors in any attempt at answering the question \"what is a language?\" is great enough to cast doubt on whether any strictly linguistic definition, without a socio-cultural approach, is possible. This is illustrated by the frequency with which the army-navy aphorism is cited."}], ["Nasionalisme moden, seperti yang dibangunkan terutamanya sejak Revolusi Perancis, telah membuat perbezaan antara \"bahasa\" dan \"dialek\" sebagai isu kepentingan politik yang besar. Kumpulan yang bercakap bahasa \"berasingan\" sering dilihat sebagai mempunyai tuntutan yang lebih besar untuk menjadi \"orang\" yang berasingan, dan dengan itu menjadi lebih berhak daripada negara sendiri sendiri, sementara kumpulan yang bercakap \"dialek\" cenderung dilihat tidak \"orang\" dalam haknya sendiri, tetapi sebagai subkumpulan, sebahagian daripada orang yang lebih besar, yang harus memenuhinya sendiri dengan autonomi daerah. [rujukan?] Perbezaan antara bahasa dan dialek tidak dapat dielakkan dibuat sekurang-kurangnya sebanyak asas politik seperti bahasa linguistik, dan boleh membawa kepada kontroversi politik yang besar, atau konflik bersenjata. <> Peristiwa apa yang dianggap sebagai mercu tanda dalam pembangunan nasionalisme moden? || Revolusi Perancis <> Jika memiliki bahasa mengarah kepada sebuah kumpulan yang dianggap sebagai orang yang berasingan, apakah susunan politik yang mungkin berikut? || negara sendiri yang tersendiri <> Apa susunan politik dikaitkan dengan menjadi sub-kumpulan yang berbahasa dialek? || otonomi daerah <> Bersama dengan kontroversi politik, apa perbezaan antara bahasa dan dialek kadang-kadang membawa kepada? || konflik bersenjata <> Sejak revolusi yang mempunyai Kebangsaan Purba terutamanya telah dibangunkan? || <> Apa yang gagal untuk membuat perbezaan di antara istilah bahasa dan dialek? || <> Atas dasar mana perbezaan antara bahasa dan dialek lebih sering dibuat? || <> Apa perbezaan antara autonomi dan dialek serantau? || <> Apa perbezaan antara autonomi serantau dan revolusi Perancis? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What event is regarded as a landmark in the development of modern nationalism?", "id": "56e826b000c9c71400d775d9", "answers": [{"text": "the French Revolution", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If possessing a language leads to a group being regarded as a separate people, what political arrangement presumably follows?", "id": "56e826b000c9c71400d775da", "answers": [{"text": "its own independent state", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What political arrangement is associated with being a dialect-speaking sub-group?", "id": "56e826b000c9c71400d775db", "answers": [{"text": "regional autonomy", "answer_start": 504}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with political controversy, what can the distinction between a language and dialect sometimes lead to?", "id": "56e826b000c9c71400d775dc", "answers": [{"text": "armed conflict", "answer_start": 724}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "French Revolution", "answer_start": 54}], "question": "Since which revolution has Ancient Nationalism especially been developed?", "id": "5ad26b1ed7d075001a42933a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Modern Nationalism", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What has failed to make a distinction between the terms language and dialect?", "id": "5ad26b1ed7d075001a42933b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "linguistic one", "answer_start": 655}], "question": "On which basis is the distinction between language and dialect more often made?", "id": "5ad26b1ed7d075001a42933c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "political controversy, or even armed conflict.", "answer_start": 693}], "question": "What can the distinction between regional autonomy and dialect lead to?", "id": "5ad26b1ed7d075001a42933d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "political controversy, or even armed conflict.", "answer_start": 693}], "question": "What can the distinction between regional autonomy and the French Revolution lead to?", "id": "5ad26b1ed7d075001a42933e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Modern Nationalism, as developed especially since the French Revolution, has made the distinction between \"language\" and \"dialect\" an issue of great political importance. A group speaking a separate \"language\" is often seen as having a greater claim to being a separate \"people\", and thus to be more deserving of its own independent state, while a group speaking a \"dialect\" tends to be seen not as \"a people\" in its own right, but as a sub-group, part of a bigger people, which must content itself with regional autonomy.[citation needed] The distinction between language and dialect is thus inevitably made at least as much on a political basis as on a linguistic one, and can lead to great political controversy, or even armed conflict."}], ["Bahasa Itali terutamanya bahasa Roman berdasarkan bahasa Latin, dengan bahasa yang paling banyak digunakan dalam bahasa keluarga Italo-Dalmatian. Kategori yang luas ini termasuk: <> Keluarga keluarga apa yang kebanyakan bahasa Itali dimiliki? || Italo-Dalmatian <> Bahasa apa yang kebanyakan bahasa Itali berasal? || Latin <> Selain Italo-Dalmatian, apakah istilah lain untuk kumpulan yang bahasa Itali dimiliki? || Romantik <> Keluarga mana yang paling kurang bahasa yang paling banyak digunakan? || <> Bahasa jenis apa bahasa-bahasa Italo-Dalmation? || <> Bahasa manakah yang paling utama bahasa Dalmation? || <> Bahasa Romantik adalah bahasa utama di mana keluarga? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What language family do most of the languages of Italy belong to?", "id": "56e830b600c9c71400d7761d", "answers": [{"text": "Italo-Dalmatian", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language are most languages of Italy derived from?", "id": "56e830b600c9c71400d7761e", "answers": [{"text": "Latin", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from Italo-Dalmatian, what is another term for the group that Italian languages belong to?", "id": "56e830b600c9c71400d7761f", "answers": [{"text": "Romance", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Italo-Dalmatian language family", "answer_start": 125}], "question": "Which family do the least widely spoken languages fall into?", "id": "5ad27a79d7d075001a4295f2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Latin-based Romance", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "What type of languages are the languages of Italo-Dalmation?", "id": "5ad27a79d7d075001a4295f3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Latin-based Romance", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "Which languages are primarily Dalmation languages?", "id": "5ad27a79d7d075001a4295f4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Italo-Dalmatian", "answer_start": 125}], "question": "Romance languages are the primary language of which family?", "id": "5ad27a79d7d075001a4295f5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The languages of Italy are primarily Latin-based Romance languages, with the most widely spoken languages falling within the Italo-Dalmatian language family. This wide category includes:"}], ["Bahasa Itali di rantau lain hari ini juga boleh bercakap mengenai pelbagai bahasa serantau Itali, atau dialek Itali serantau, yang, tidak seperti majoriti bahasa Itali, sebenarnya dialek bahasa Itali bukan bahasa yang berbeza. Dialek bahasa serantau Itali umumnya merupakan bahasa Itali standard yang sangat dipengaruhi atau dicampur dengan bahasa asli dan wilayah tempatan dan aksen. <> Dialek bahasa Serantau sering dipengaruhi oleh bahasa serantau dan bahasa lain apa? || Italian standard <> Apa bahasa Itali di kawasan yang berbeza tidak pernah bercakap? || <> Apa istilah lain untuk dialek bahasa Itali? || <> Bahasa dialek apa yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh bahasa ibunda? || <> Apakah istilah lain untuk jenis bahasa Itali standard? || <> Sebilangan besar bahasa Itali adalah dialek apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Regional Italian dialects are often influenced by regional languages and what other language?", "id": "56e8307b00c9c71400d7761b", "answers": [{"text": "standard Italian", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "regional varieties of standard Italian", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "What do Italians in different regions never speak?", "id": "5ad279dcd7d075001a4295b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "varieties of standard Italian", "answer_start": 60}], "question": "What is another term for national Italian dialects?", "id": "5ad279dcd7d075001a4295b9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "regional Italian dialect", "answer_start": 247}], "question": "What dialect is regional Italian heavily influenced by native languages?", "id": "5ad279dcd7d075001a4295ba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "regional Italian dialects", "answer_start": 94}], "question": "What is another term for varieties of standard Italian?", "id": "5ad279dcd7d075001a4295bb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "standard Italian", "answer_start": 196}], "question": "The majority of Italian languages are dialects of what?", "id": "5ad279dcd7d075001a4295bc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Italians in different regions today may also speak regional varieties of standard Italian, or regional Italian dialects, which, unlike the majority of languages of Italy, are actually dialects of standard Italian rather than separate languages. A regional Italian dialect is generally standard Italian that has been heavily influenced or mixed with local or regional native languages and accents."}], ["Variasi Rendah Jerman yang dituturkan di Jerman sering dikira di kalangan dialek Jerman. Ini mencerminkan keadaan moden di mana mereka dibumbui oleh Jerman standard. Ini berbeza dengan keadaan di Abad Pertengahan ketika Low German mempunyai kecenderungan kuat terhadap bahasa ausbau. <> Bahasa jenis apa bahasa Jerman Rendah pada Zaman Pertengahan? || Bahasa ausbau <> Mengapa jenis Rendah Jerman dianggap sebagai dialek bahasa Jerman? || mereka bumbung dengan bahasa Jerman standard <> Apa yang sering tidak disertakan semasa mengira dialek Jerman? || <> Di mana negara adalah jenis Umur Tengah yang dituturkan? || <> Bilakah High German mempunyai kecenderungan kuat ke arah menjadi bahasa ausbau? || <> Bilakah Low German mempunyai kecenderungan lemah ke arah menjadi bahasa ausbau? || <> Apa jenis tinggi Jerman yang sering disertakan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of language was Low German in the Middle Ages?", "id": "56e82c7a00c9c71400d775e7", "answers": [{"text": "an ausbau language", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why are Low German varieties regarded as dialects of standard German?", "id": "56e82c7a00c9c71400d775e8", "answers": [{"text": "they are roofed by standard German", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Low German varieties", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What is often not included when counting German dialects?", "id": "5ad26f1dd7d075001a42940e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Germany", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "In which country are the Middle Age varieties spoken?", "id": "5ad26f1dd7d075001a42940f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Middle Ages", "answer_start": 209}], "question": "When did High German have a strong tendency towards being an ausbau language?", "id": "5ad26f1dd7d075001a429410", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Middle Ages", "answer_start": 209}], "question": "When did Low German have a weak tendency towards being an ausbau language?", "id": "5ad26f1dd7d075001a429411", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "German dialects", "answer_start": 71}], "question": "What are High German varieties often included with?", "id": "5ad26f1dd7d075001a429412", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Low German varieties spoken in Germany are often counted among the German dialects. This reflects the modern situation where they are roofed by standard German. This is different from the situation in the Middle Ages when Low German had strong tendencies towards an ausbau language."}], ["Keadaan di Switzerland dan Liechtenstein adalah berbeza dari negara lain yang berbahasa Jerman. Dialek Jerman Jerman adalah bahasa sehari lalai dalam hampir setiap situasi, sedangkan bahasa Jerman standard jarang digunakan. Beberapa penceramah Jerman Jerman melihat bahasa Jerman sebagai bahasa asing. <> Apa dialek bahasa Jerman yang dituturkan di Switzerland? || Swiss German <> Apa dialek bahasa Jerman jarang didengar di Switzerland? || standard Jerman <> Selain dari Switzerland, negara apa yang bercakap dialek yang berkaitan dengan bahasa Jerman Jerman? || Liechtenstein <> Di mana negara ada situasi yang sama dengan seluruh negara berbahasa Jerman? || <> Apa jarang digunakan di mana bahasa Jerman digunakan sebagai bahasa sehari lalai? || <> Bahasa yang manakah beberapa penutur Jerman yang standard melihat asing? || <> Dialek Jerman Jerman jarang dituturkan di mana dua negara? || <> Di mana dua negara Jerman biasa digunakan sehari-hari? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What dialect of German is spoken in Switzerland?", "id": "56e82c3737bdd419002c448c", "answers": [{"text": "Swiss German", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What dialect of German is rarely heard in Switzerland?", "id": "56e82c3737bdd419002c448d", "answers": [{"text": "standard German", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from Switzerland, what country speaks a dialect related to Swiss German?", "id": "56e82c3737bdd419002c448e", "answers": [{"text": "Liechtenstein", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Switzerland and Liechtenstein", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "In which country is there a situation identical to the rest of the German speaking countries?", "id": "5ad26eb5d7d075001a4293fa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Swiss German dialects", "answer_start": 112}], "question": "What is seldom spoken where German is used as a default everyday language?", "id": "5ad26eb5d7d075001a4293fb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Swiss German", "answer_start": 245}], "question": "Which language do some standard German speakers perceive to be foreign?", "id": "5ad26eb5d7d075001a4293fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Switzerland and Liechtenstein", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "The Swiss German dialect is rarely spoken in which two countries?", "id": "5ad26eb5d7d075001a4293fd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Switzerland and Liechtenstein", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "In which two countries is standard German used everyday?", "id": "5ad26eb5d7d075001a4293fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The situation in Switzerland and Liechtenstein is different from the rest of the German-speaking countries. The Swiss German dialects are the default everyday language in virtually every situation, whereas standard German is seldom spoken. Some Swiss German speakers perceive standard German to be a foreign language."}], ["Bahasa Sardinia dianggap sebagai keluarga bahasa Romantik sendiri, tidak hanya terpisah dari bahasa Itali tetapi juga keluarga Italo-Dalmatian yang lebih luas, dan ia termasuk variasi Campidanese Sardinia dan Logudorese Sardinia. Walau bagaimanapun, Gallurese, Sassarese, dan Korsika juga bercakap di Sardinia, dan bahasa-bahasa ini dianggap berkait rapat atau berasal dari bahasa Tuscan Itali dan dengan demikian bahasa Italo-Dalmatian. Tambahan pula, bahasa Gallo-Romance dari Ligurian dan dialek Catalan Algherese juga bercakap di Sardinia. <> Campidanese Sardinian adalah variasi bahasa apa? || Bahasa Sardinia <> Bahasa apa Sassarese berkait rapat? || Bahasa Itali Tuscan <> Apa keluarga bahasa yang dimiliki oleh Gallurese? || Italo-Dalmatian <> Apakah keluarga bahasa apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh Ligurian? || Gallo-Romance <> Dimana dialek bahasa Catalan Algherese? || Sardinian <> Bahasa mana yang dianggap hanya keluarga bahasa Sardinia? || <> Bahasa yang manakah variasi Campidanese Sardinian termasuk? || <> Dimana Romantik, Gallurese dan Sassarese juga bercakap? || <> Bahasa mana yang tidak dianggap berkaitan dengan bahasa Itali Tuscon? || <> Dimana dialek Romance Algherese diucapkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Campidanese Sardinian is a variant of what language?", "id": "56e8311437bdd419002c4492", "answers": [{"text": "The Sardinian language", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language is Sassarese closely related to?", "id": "56e8311437bdd419002c4493", "answers": [{"text": "Italian Tuscan", "answer_start": 380}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language family does Gallurese belong to?", "id": "56e8311437bdd419002c4494", "answers": [{"text": "Italo-Dalmatian", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language family does Ligurian belong to?", "id": "56e8311437bdd419002c4495", "answers": [{"text": "Gallo-Romance", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Catalan Algherese dialect spoken?", "id": "56e8311437bdd419002c4496", "answers": [{"text": "Sardinian", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Romance language", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "Which language is considered to be it's only Sardinian language family?", "id": "5ad27cafd7d075001a42968c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Logudorese Sardinian", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "Which language does the Campidanese Sardinian variant include?", "id": "5ad27cafd7d075001a42968d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sardinia", "answer_start": 299}], "question": "Where are Romance, Gallurese and Sassarese also spoken?", "id": "5ad27cafd7d075001a42968e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Gallurese, Sassarese, and Corsican", "answer_start": 245}], "question": "Which languages are not considered to be related to the Italian Tuscon language?", "id": "5ad27cafd7d075001a42968f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sardinia", "answer_start": 549}], "question": "Where is the Romance Algherese dialect spoken?", "id": "5ad27cafd7d075001a429690", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants. However, Gallurese, Sassarese, and Corsican are also spoken in Sardinia, and these languages are considered closely related or derived from the Italian Tuscan language and thus are Italo-Dalmatian languages. Furthermore, the Gallo-Romance language of Ligurian and the Catalan Algherese dialect are also spoken in Sardinia."}], ["Semasa Risorgimento, penyokong republikanisme Itali dan nasionalisme Itali, seperti Alessandro Manzoni, menekankan pentingnya mewujudkan bahasa kebangsaan yang seragam agar dapat mewujudkan identiti bangsa Itali yang lebih baik. Dengan penyatuan Itali pada tahun 1860-an, bahasa Itali standard menjadi bahasa kebangsaan rasmi negara Itali baru, sementara pelbagai bahasa serantau Itali yang tidak rasmi secara beransur-ansur dianggap sebagai \"dialek\" subordinat kepada bahasa Itali, semakin dikaitkan dengan negatif dengan kekurangan pendidikan atau provinsi . Walau bagaimanapun, pada masa Penyatuan Itali, bahasa Itali standard masih wujud sebagai bahasa sastera, dan hanya 2.5% penduduk Itali boleh berbahasa Itali. <> Apa yang dikatakan nasionalis Itali tentang pentingnya bahasa Itali nasional? || Alessandro Manzoni <> Semasa tempoh apa pentingnya mempunyai bahasa kebangsaan Itali dibangkitkan? || Risorgimento <> Dalam sedekad apa Itali bersatu? || 1860-an Apakah peratusan orang Itali bercakap piawai Itali apabila Itali pertama kali bersatu? || 2.5% <> Apabila Itali bersatu, apa yang dinamakan bahasa kebangsaan rasmi? || piawai Itali <> Dalam tempoh apa pun penyokong penyatuan Itali menekankan pentingnya menubuhkan bahasa kebangsaan seragam? || <> Bilakah Alessandro Manzoni menekankan pentingnya mewujudkan negara Itali? || <> Sepanjang mana dekad itu Itali disatukan? || <> Bilakah Risorgimento menjadi bahasa rasmi negara Itali baru? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What Italian nationalist spoke of the importance of a national Italian language?", "id": "56e82e8c00c9c71400d77607", "answers": [{"text": "Alessandro Manzoni", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what period was the importance of having an Italian national language raised?", "id": "56e82e8c00c9c71400d77608", "answers": [{"text": "the Risorgimento", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what decade was Italy unified?", "id": "56e82e8c00c9c71400d77609", "answers": [{"text": "1860s", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Italians spoke standard Italian when Italy was first unified?", "id": "56e82e8c00c9c71400d7760a", "answers": [{"text": "2.5%", "answer_start": 680}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When Italy was unified, what was named the official national language?", "id": "56e82e8c00c9c71400d7760b", "answers": [{"text": "standard Italian", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Risorgimento", "answer_start": 11}], "question": "During what period were proponents of Italian Unification stressing the importance of establishing a uniform national language?", "id": "5ad2782bd7d075001a429558", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "During the Risorgimento", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "When did Alessandro Manzoni stress the importance of creating an Italian state?", "id": "5ad2782bd7d075001a429559", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1860s", "answer_start": 275}], "question": "During which decade was Italy de-unified?", "id": "5ad2782bd7d075001a42955a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1860s", "answer_start": 275}], "question": "When did Risorgimento become the official language of the new Italian state?", "id": "5ad2782bd7d075001a42955b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During the Risorgimento, proponents of Italian republicanism and Italian nationalism, such as Alessandro Manzoni, stressed the importance of establishing a uniform national language in order to better create an Italian national identity. With the unification of Italy in the 1860s, standard Italian became the official national language of the new Italian state, while the various unofficial regional languages of Italy gradually became regarded as subordinate \"dialects\" to Italian, increasingly associated negatively with lack of education or provincialism. However, at the time of the Italian Unification, standard Italian still existed mainly as a literary language, and only 2.5% of Italy's population could speak standard Italian."}], ["Itali adalah rumah kepada pelbagai bahasa minoriti rantau asli, yang kebanyakannya berasaskan Rom dan mempunyai varian tempatan mereka sendiri. Bahasa-bahasa serantau ini sering dirujuk secara kolokal atau dalam kalangan bukan bahasa seperti dialek Itali, atau dialetti (bahasa Itali untuk \"dialek\"). Walau bagaimanapun, majoriti bahasa serantau di Itali sebenarnya tidak benar-benar \"dialek\" bahasa Itali standard dalam pengertian linguistik yang ketat, kerana ia tidak berasal dari bahasa Itali moden tetapi sebaliknya berkembang secara tempatan dari Vulgar Latin yang tidak bergantung kepada bahasa Itali standard, dengan sedikit tidak mempunyai pengaruh dari apa yang sekarang dikenali sebagai \"bahasa Itali piawai.\" Oleh itu, mereka lebih baik dikelaskan sebagai bahasa individu dan bukannya \"dialek\". <> Apakah dialek Itali yang disebut dalam bahasa Itali? || dialetti <> Bahasa apa banyak dialek Itali berasal? || Vulgar Latin <> Apa maksud 'dialetti' dalam bahasa Itali? || dialek <> Mengapa dialek bahasa Itali boleh dianggap sebagai bahasa bebas daripada dialek bahasa Itali? || mereka tidak berasal dari bahasa Itali moden <> Negara manakah yang mempunyai banyak bahasa majoriti serantau asli? || <> Sebagian besar bahasa Itali mempunyai asas asas dan varian bersama? || <> Apakah istilah Jerman lain untuk dialek? || <> Menurut linguistik, kebanyakan bahasa kebangsaan di Itali bukan dialek tetapi apa? || <> Daripada bahasa-bahasa individu, apakah bahasa-bahasa serantau di Itali lebih baik disebut? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are Italian dialects termed in the Italian language?", "id": "56e82d0100c9c71400d775eb", "answers": [{"text": "dialetti", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language are many Italian dialects derived from?", "id": "56e82d0100c9c71400d775ec", "answers": [{"text": "Vulgar Latin", "answer_start": 526}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does 'dialetti' mean in Italian?", "id": "56e82d0100c9c71400d775ed", "answers": [{"text": "dialects", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why might Italian dialects be regarded as independent languages rather than dialects of standard Italian?", "id": "56e82d0100c9c71400d775ee", "answers": [{"text": "they are not derived from modern standard Italian", "answer_start": 443}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Italy", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Which country is home to lots of native regional majority languages?", "id": "5ad27008d7d075001a429440", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Romance", "answer_start": 87}], "question": "Most of Italy's languages have what kind of base along with shared variants?", "id": "5ad27008d7d075001a429441", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dialetti", "answer_start": 251}], "question": "What is another German term for dialects?", "id": "5ad27008d7d075001a429442", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "individual languages", "answer_start": 686}], "question": "According to linguistics, most national languages in Italy are not dialects but what?", "id": "5ad27008d7d075001a429443", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dialects", "answer_start": 720}], "question": "Rather than an individual languages, what are most regional languages in Italy better referred to as?", "id": "5ad27008d7d075001a429444", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Italy is home to a vast array of native regional minority languages, most of which are Romance-based and have their own local variants. These regional languages are often referred to colloquially or in non-linguistic circles as Italian \"dialects,\" or dialetti (standard Italian for \"dialects\"). However, the majority of the regional languages in Italy are in fact not actually \"dialects\" of standard Italian in the strict linguistic sense, as they are not derived from modern standard Italian but instead evolved locally from Vulgar Latin independent of standard Italian, with little to no influence from what is now known as \"standard Italian.\" They are therefore better classified as individual languages rather than \"dialects.\""}], ["Itali moden moden itu sendiri adalah berdasarkan kepada bahasa Tuscan Florentine yang berasal dari Latin. Bahasa yang berasaskan Tuscan yang akhirnya akan menjadi bahasa Itali moden telah digunakan dalam puisi dan kesusasteraan sejak sekurang-kurangnya abad ke-12, dan pertama kali dikenal luas di Itali melalui karya-karya pengarang seperti Dante Alighieri, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccol\u00f2 Machiavelli, dan Petrarch. Itali sastera Florentine-Tuscan Dante itu menjadi bahasa literasi dan kelas atas di Itali, dan ia tersebar di seluruh semenanjung sebagai lingua franca di kalangan kelas berpendidikan Itali serta pedagang perjalanan Itali. Kepentingan ekonomi dan kepentingan budaya dan artistik Tuscany pada Zaman Akhir Zaman dan Renaissance terus menggalakkan penyebaran Itali-Tuscan Itali di seluruh Itali dan antara bahasa yang berpendidikan dan berkuasa, walaupun bahasa-bahasa tempatan dan daerah masih menjadi bahasa utama masyarakat umum . <> Bahasa apa bahasa Itali moden yang berasal dari? || Florentine Tuscan <> Bahasa apakah yang berdasarkan Tuscan Florentine? || Latin <> Selama abad apa Tuscan Florentine mula digunakan dalam puisi? || Ke-12 <> Apakah kelas sosial ekonomi menggunakan bahasa Tuscan Florentine dalam masa Dante? || kelas atas <> Dari rantau Itali mana yang dilakukan oleh Tuscan Florentine? || Tuscany <> Apakah bahasa Tuscan Florentine berdasarkan? || <> Sejak bila Giovanni Boccaccio telah digunakan dalam puisi dan kesusasteraan? || <> Sejak bila Dadnte Alighieri digunakan dalam puisi dan kesusasteraan? || <> Sejak bila Niccolo Machiavelli telah digunakan dalam puisi dan kesusasteraan? || <> Sejak bila Petrarch digunakan dalam puisi dan kesusasteraan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What language is modern standard Italian derived from?", "id": "56e82e1900c9c71400d775fd", "answers": [{"text": "Florentine Tuscan", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language is Florentine Tuscan based on?", "id": "56e82e1900c9c71400d775fe", "answers": [{"text": "Latin", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what century did Florentine Tuscan begin to be used in poetry?", "id": "56e82e1900c9c71400d775ff", "answers": [{"text": "12th", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What socioeconomic class used the Florentine Tuscan language in Dante's time?", "id": "56e82e1900c9c71400d77600", "answers": [{"text": "upper class", "answer_start": 487}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what region of Italy did Florentine Tuscan derive?", "id": "56e82e1900c9c71400d77601", "answers": [{"text": "Tuscany", "answer_start": 703}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Modern standard Italian", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is Florentine Tuscan language based on?", "id": "5ad2745dd7d075001a4294de", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "at least the 12th century", "answer_start": 221}], "question": "Since when has Giovanni Boccaccio been used in poetry and literature? ", "id": "5ad2745dd7d075001a4294df", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "at least the 12th century", "answer_start": 221}], "question": "Since when has Dadnte Alighieri been used in poetry and literature? ", "id": "5ad2745dd7d075001a4294e0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "at least the 12th century,", "answer_start": 221}], "question": "Since when has Niccolo Machiavelli been used in poetry and literature? ", "id": "5ad2745dd7d075001a4294e1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "at least the 12th century", "answer_start": 221}], "question": "Since when has Petrarch been used in poetry and literature? ", "id": "5ad2745dd7d075001a4294e2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Modern standard Italian itself is heavily based on the Latin-derived Florentine Tuscan language. The Tuscan-based language that would eventually become modern standard Italian had been used in poetry and literature since at least the 12th century, and it first became widely known in Italy through the works of authors such as Dante Alighieri, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccol\u00f2 Machiavelli, and Petrarch. Dante's Florentine-Tuscan literary Italian thus became the language of the literate and upper class in Italy, and it spread throughout the peninsula as the lingua franca among the Italian educated class as well as Italian traveling merchants. The economic prowess and cultural and artistic importance of Tuscany in the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance further encouraged the diffusion of the Florentine-Tuscan Italian throughout Italy and among the educated and powerful, though local and regional languages remained the main languages of the common people."}], ["Pada awal abad ke-20, pengundian besar lelaki Itali dari seluruh Itali semasa Perang Dunia I dikreditkan dengan memudahkan penyebaran Itali standard di kalangan lelaki Itali yang kurang berpendidikan, kerana orang-orang dari pelbagai wilayah dengan pelbagai bahasa wilayah dipaksa berkomunikasi dengan satu sama lain dalam bahasa biasa semasa berkhidmat dalam tentera Itali. Dengan penyebaran radio dan televisyen di seluruh Itali dan penubuhan pendidikan awam, kaum Itali dari semua wilayah semakin terdedah kepada bahasa Itali yang standard, sementara kadar celik huruf di kalangan semua kelas sosial bertambah baik. Hari ini, majoriti orang Itali dapat berbahasa Itali, walaupun banyak orang Itali masih menggunakan bahasa serantau mereka secara rutin atau sebagai bahasa sehari-hari utama mereka terutama di rumah dengan keluarga atau ketika berkomunikasi dengan orang Itali dari bandar atau rantau yang sama. Walau bagaimanapun, bagi sesetengah orang Itali, bercakap bahasa serantau, terutamanya dalam suasana formal atau di luar rantau seseorang, boleh membawa konotasi atau konotasi negatif yang berkaitan dengan kelas yang rendah, tidak berpendidikan, kurang ajar, atau terlalu tidak formal. <> Semasa peperangan apa sebilangan besar orang Itali mula belajar bahasa Itali? || Perang Dunia I <> Bersama dengan pendidikan radio dan awam, penemuan apa yang membantu untuk meresap piawai Itali di kalangan penduduk Itali? || televisyen <> Di Itali moden, golongan orang yang mana bahasa serantau kadang-kadang dikaitkan dengan? || rendah <> Bersama dengan tetapan formal, di manakah beberapa orang Itali menghindari bahasa serantau mereka? || di luar rantau seseorang <> Selain dari ketika mereka bercakap dengan orang Itali dari bandar atau rantau yang sama, di mana tempat yang biasa di mana orang Itali bercakap bahasa serantau mereka? || di rumah dengan keluarga <> Bahasa apa yang dikatakan oleh banyak bahasa Itali hari ini berbanding dengan bahasa serantau mereka? || <> Apa yang tidak pernah dikaitkan dengan kelas yang lebih rendah? || <> Apa yang tidak pernah dikaitkan dengan tidak berpendidikan? || <> Apa yang tidak pernah dikaitkan dengan kebodohan? || <> Apa yang tidak pernah dikaitkan dengan terlalu tidak rasmi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "During what war did a large number of Italian men first learn standard Italian?", "id": "56e82fe000c9c71400d77611", "answers": [{"text": "World War I", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with radio and public education, what invention helped to diffuse standard Italian among the Italian population?", "id": "56e82fe000c9c71400d77612", "answers": [{"text": "television", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In modern Italy, what class of people are regional languages sometimes associated with?", "id": "56e82fe000c9c71400d77613", "answers": [{"text": "lower", "answer_start": 1070}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with formal settings, where do some Italians avoid speaking their regional language?", "id": "56e82fe000c9c71400d77614", "answers": [{"text": "outside of one's region", "answer_start": 979}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from when they're speaking to Italians from their same town or region, where is a common place where Italians speak their regional language?", "id": "56e82fe000c9c71400d77615", "answers": [{"text": "at home with family", "answer_start": 802}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "speak standard Italian", "answer_start": 659}], "question": "What language do many Italians speak today as opposed to their regional language?", "id": "5ad278edd7d075001a429596", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "speaking a regional language", "answer_start": 915}], "question": "What is never associated with being lower class?", "id": "5ad278edd7d075001a429597", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "speaking a regional language", "answer_start": 915}], "question": "What is never associated with being uneducated?", "id": "5ad278edd7d075001a429598", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "speaking a regional language", "answer_start": 915}], "question": "What is never associated with being boorish?", "id": "5ad278edd7d075001a429599", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "speaking a regional language", "answer_start": 915}], "question": "What is never associated with being overly informal?", "id": "5ad278edd7d075001a42959a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the early 20th century, the vast conscription of Italian men from all throughout Italy during World War I is credited with facilitating the diffusion of standard Italian among less educated Italian men, as these men from various regions with various regional languages were forced to communicate with each other in a common tongue while serving in the Italian military. With the eventual spread of the radio and television throughout Italy and the establishment of public education, Italians from all regions were increasingly exposed to standard Italian, while literacy rates among all social classes improved. Today, the majority of Italians are able to speak standard Italian, though many Italians still speak their regional language regularly or as their primary day-to-day language, especially at home with family or when communicating with Italians from the same town or region. However, to some Italians, speaking a regional language, especially in a formal setting or outside of one's region, may carry a stigma or negative connotations associated with being lower class, uneducated, boorish, or overly informal."}], ["Di samping mempunyai evolusi, sebahagian besarnya, secara berasingan dari satu sama lain dan dengan sejarah individu yang berbeza, bahasa Roman Romawi serantau yang berpangkalan di Latin juga lebih baik diklasifikasikan sebagai bahasa yang berasingan dan bukannya \"dialek\" yang benar kerana tahap yang sering tinggi dalam yang mana mereka kurang saling memahami. Walaupun kebanyakannya saling tidak dapat difahami, tahap yang tepat bagi bahasa-bahasa Itali serantau yang tidak dapat difahami berbeza-beza, sering dikaitkan dengan jarak geografi atau halangan geografi di antara bahasa-bahasa, dengan beberapa bahasa Itali serantau yang lebih dekat dalam jarak geografi antara satu sama lain atau lebih dekat antara satu sama lain pada konteks dialek menjadi lebih kurang dipahami. Sebagai contoh, seorang penceramah Lombard Timur yang semata-mata, sebuah bahasa di rantau Lombardy Itali Utara yang merangkumi dialek Bergamasque, akan mempunyai keterbatasan yang saling ketara dengan penceramah bahasa Itali yang semata-mata dan akan hampir tidak dapat difahami oleh penceramah varian bahasa Sicilian tulen . Oleh kerana status Lombard Timur sebagai bahasa Gallo-Italic, penceramah Lombard Timur mungkin, pada hakikatnya, mempunyai lebih banyak kecerdasan bersama dengan penutur bahasa Occitan, Catalan, atau Perancis daripada pembicara bahasa Itali atau Sisilia yang biasa. Sementara itu, seorang penceramah bahasa Sisilia akan mempunyai tahap kecerdasan yang lebih tinggi dengan penceramah bahasa Neapolitan yang lebih rapat, tetapi jauh lebih bijak dengan orang yang bersuara Sicilian Gallo-Italic, sebuah bahasa yang dibangunkan dalam komuniti pendatang Lombard yang terpencil di pulau yang sama dengan bahasa Sisilia. <> Apakah sebab utama mengapa bahasa Roman Wilayah Itali yang berpangkalan di Latin harus dianggap sebagai bahasa bebas daripada dialek antara satu sama lain? || mereka tidak mempunyai kecerdasan yang saling mengerti <> Dari apa wilayah Itali melakukan dialek bahasa Lombard Timur? || Lombardy <> Apa keluarga bahasa yang dimiliki oleh Lombard Timur? || Gallo-Italic <> Bahasa jenis apa bahasa Sisilia? || Neapolitan <> Bahasa apa yang digunakan oleh pendatang Lombard ke Sicily? || Sicilian Gallo-Italic <> Daripada bahasa yang berasingan, apakah bahasa-bahasa Romantik yang lebih baik dikelaskan? || <> Di mana Lombard Barat bercakap? || <> Dengan siapa seorang penceramah Sisilia mempunyai tahap yang lebih rendah dari kecerdasan bersama? || <> Dengan siapa seorang penceramah Sisilia mempunyai tahap yang kurang akal? || <> Bahasa mana yang dibangunkan dalam komuniti Lombard yang popular di tempat yang sama dengan bahasa Sisilia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a major reason why the Latin-based regional Romance languages of Italy should be regarded as independent languages rather than dialects of each other?", "id": "56e82da500c9c71400d775f3", "answers": [{"text": "they lack mutual intelligibility", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what region of Italy does the Eastern Lombard dialect hail?", "id": "56e82da500c9c71400d775f4", "answers": [{"text": "Lombardy", "answer_start": 808}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language family does Eastern Lombard belong to?", "id": "56e82da500c9c71400d775f5", "answers": [{"text": "Gallo-Italic", "answer_start": 1086}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of language is Sicilian?", "id": "56e82da500c9c71400d775f6", "answers": [{"text": "Neapolitan", "answer_start": 1417}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language was spoken by Lombard immigrants to Sicily?", "id": "56e82da500c9c71400d775f7", "answers": [{"text": "Sicilian Gallo-Italic", "answer_start": 1497}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "true \"dialects", "answer_start": 231}], "question": "Rather than separate languages, what are the Romance languages better classified as?", "id": "5ad273f2d7d075001a4294ca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Northern Italy's Lombardy region", "answer_start": 791}], "question": "Where is Western Lombard spoken?", "id": "5ad273f2d7d075001a4294cb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "with a speaker of the more closely related Neapolitan language", "answer_start": 1374}], "question": "With who would a Sicilian speaker have a lesser degree of mutual intelligibility?", "id": "5ad273f2d7d075001a4294cc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "speaker of the more closely related Neapolitan language", "answer_start": 1381}], "question": "With who would a Sicilian speaker have a lesser degree of mutual unintelligibility?", "id": "5ad273f2d7d075001a4294cd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sicilian Gallo-Italic", "answer_start": 1497}], "question": "Which language developed in popular Lombard communities in the same place as the Sicilian language?", "id": "5ad273f2d7d075001a4294ce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In addition to having evolved, for the most part, separately from one another and with distinct individual histories, the Latin-based regional Romance languages of Italy are also better classified as separate languages rather than true \"dialects\" due to the often high degree in which they lack mutual intelligibility. Though mostly mutually unintelligible, the exact degree to which the regional Italian languages are mutual unintelligible varies, often correlating with geographical distance or geographical barriers between the languages, with some regional Italian languages that are closer in geographical proximity to each other or closer to each other on the dialect continuum being more or less mutually intelligible. For instance, a speaker of purely Eastern Lombard, a language in Northern Italy's Lombardy region that includes the Bergamasque dialect, would have severely limited mutual intelligibility with a purely standard Italian speaker and would be nearly completely unintelligible to a speaker of a pure Sicilian language variant. Due to Eastern Lombard's status as a Gallo-Italic language, an Eastern Lombard speaker may, in fact, have more mutual intelligibility with a Occitan, Catalan, or French speaker than a standard Italian or Sicilian language speaker. Meanwhile, a Sicilian language speaker would have an greater degree of mutual intelligibility with a speaker of the more closely related Neapolitan language, but far less mutual intelligibility with a person speaking Sicilian Gallo-Italic, a language that developed in isolated Lombard emigrant communities on the same island as the Sicilian language."}], ["Hari ini sempadan bahasa Ukrainia ke bahasa Rusia masih tidak ditarik dengan jelas, dengan dialek perantaraan di antara mereka, yang dipanggil Surzhyk, berkembang di Ukraine. <> Di negara apakah dialek Surzhyk yang dituturkan? || Ukraine <> Surzhyk adalah dialek perantaraan antara bahasa Ukrainia dan apa bahasa lain? || Rusia <> Batasan antara bahasa mana yang jelas diketahui? || <> Apakah nama untuk dialek perantaraan yang terbentuk antara Surzhyk dan bahasa Rusia? || <> Apakah nama untuk dialek perantaraan yang terbentuk antara Surzhyk dan bahasa Ukranian? || <> Apakah nama untuk dialek perantaraan yang sedang berkembang di Rusia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what country is the Surzhyk dialect spoken?", "id": "56e836b537bdd419002c449c", "answers": [{"text": "Ukraine", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Surzhyk is a dialect intermediate between the Ukrainian language and what other language?", "id": "56e836b537bdd419002c449d", "answers": [{"text": "Russian", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ukrainian language to the Russian language", "answer_start": 28}], "question": "The boundaries between which languages are clearly known?", "id": "5ad27e63d7d075001a429712", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ukrainian language", "answer_start": 28}], "question": "What is the name for the intermediate dialect formed between Surzhyk and the Russian language?", "id": "5ad27e63d7d075001a429713", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian language", "answer_start": 54}], "question": "What is the name for the intermediate dialect formed between Surzhyk and the Ukranian language?", "id": "5ad27e63d7d075001a429714", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Surzhyk", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "What is the name for the intermediate dialect developing in Russia?", "id": "5ad27e63d7d075001a429715", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Today the boundaries of the Ukrainian language to the Russian language are still not drawn clearly, with an intermediate dialect between them, called Surzhyk, developing in Ukraine."}], ["Empayar Jerman menakluki Ukraine semasa Perang Dunia I dan merancang sama ada melampirkannya atau memasang raja boneka, tetapi dikalahkan oleh Entente, dengan penglibatan besar oleh Bolshevik Ukraine. Selepas menaklukkan seluruh Ukraine dari Orang Putih, Ukraine menyertai USSR dan diperbesarkan (memperoleh Crimea dan kemudian Galicia Timur), dari mana proses Ukrainization dimulakan, dengan dorongan dari Moscow. <> Negara mana yang menakluki Ukraine semasa Perang Dunia Pertama? || The German Empire <> Apa persekutuan mengalahkan Empayar Jerman dalam Perang Dunia I? || Entente <> Apa kumpulan politik Ukraine terlibat dalam kekalahan Empayar Jerman? || Bolsheviks <> Siapa yang Bolsheviks Ukraine menakluki Ukraine dari? || Putih <> Semasa perang melawan Ukraine menakluki Empayar Jerman? || <> Bilakah perancangan Ukraine memasang raja boneka? || <> Siapa yang mengalahkan Entente semasa Perang Dunia I? || <> Oleh siapa yang Entente ditawan semasa Perang Dunia I? || <> Siapa yang menakluki Ukraine semasa Perang Dunia II? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What nation conquered Ukraine during the First World War?", "id": "56e8361f00c9c71400d77651", "answers": [{"text": "The German Empire", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What alliance defeated the German Empire in World War I?", "id": "56e8361f00c9c71400d77652", "answers": [{"text": "the Entente", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Ukrainian political group was involved in the defeat of the German Empire?", "id": "56e8361f00c9c71400d77653", "answers": [{"text": "Bolsheviks", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the Ukrainian Bolsheviks conquer the Ukraine from?", "id": "56e8361f00c9c71400d77654", "answers": [{"text": "Whites", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "World War I", "answer_start": 43}], "question": "During which war did the Ukraine conquer the German Empire?", "id": "5ad27fc4d7d075001a42978a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "during World War I", "answer_start": 36}], "question": "When was the Ukraine planning on installing a puppet king? ", "id": "5ad27fc4d7d075001a42978b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The German Empire", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who defeated the Entente during World War I?", "id": "5ad27fc4d7d075001a42978c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The German Empire", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "By who was the Entente conquered during World War I?", "id": "5ad27fc4d7d075001a42978d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The German Empire", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who conquered the Ukraine during World War II?", "id": "5ad27fc4d7d075001a42978e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The German Empire conquered Ukraine during World War I and was planning on either annexing it or installing a puppet king, but was defeated by the Entente, with major involvement by the Ukrainian Bolsheviks. After conquering the rest of Ukraine from the Whites, Ukraine joined the USSR and was enlarged (gaining Crimea and then Eastern Galicia), whence a process of Ukrainization was begun, with encouragement from Moscow."}], ["Selepas Perang Dunia II, disebabkan kerjasama Ukraine dengan kuasa-kuasa Axis dalam usaha untuk mendapatkan kemerdekaan, Moscow mengubah dasarnya ke arah penindasan bahasa Ukraine. <> Selepas perang apa yang Moscow mula menindas bahasa Ukraine? || Perang Dunia II <> Mengapa Moscow mula menindas bahasa Ukraina? || Kerjasama dengan Ukraine dengan kuasa Axis <> Mengapa Ukraine bekerjasama dengan Axis? || untuk mendapatkan kebebasan <> Apa yang berlaku kepada polisi Moscow selepas Perang Dunia I? || <> Bilakah Ukraine mengubah dasarnya ke arah penindasan bahasa Moscow? || <> Bilakah kerjasama antara Moscow dan kuasa Axis menyebabkan Ukraine menukar dasar? || <> Kerjasama yang mana menyebabkan Moscow mengubah dasarnya mengenai kemerdekaan? || <> Siapa yang bekerjasama dengan Moscow? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "After what war did Moscow begin to repress the Ukrainian language?", "id": "56e8368700c9c71400d7765b", "answers": [{"text": "World War II", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did Moscow begin to repress the Ukrainian language?", "id": "56e8368700c9c71400d7765c", "answers": [{"text": "Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did Ukrainians collaborate with the Axis?", "id": "56e8368700c9c71400d7765d", "answers": [{"text": "to gain independence", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "changed its policy towards repression of the Ukrainian language.", "answer_start": 118}], "question": "What happened to Moscow policy after World War I?", "id": "5ad27f44d7d075001a42975c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "After World War II", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "When did the Ukraine change its policy towards repression of the Moscow language?", "id": "5ad27f44d7d075001a42975d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "After World War II", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "When did collaboration between Moscow and the Axis powers cause the Ukraine to change policies?", "id": "5ad27f44d7d075001a42975e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers", "answer_start": 27}], "question": "Whose collaboration caused Moscow to change its policy regarding independence? ", "id": "5ad27f44d7d075001a42975f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Axis powers", "answer_start": 63}], "question": "Who was in collaboration with Moscow?", "id": "5ad27f44d7d075001a429760", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "After World War II, due to Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers in an attempt to gain independence, Moscow changed its policy towards repression of the Ukrainian language."}], ["Pada abad ke-19, Kerajaan Tsarist dari Empayar Rusia mendakwa bahawa Ukraine hanyalah dialek bahasa Rusia dan bukan bahasa sendiri. Perbezaannya sedikit dan disebabkan oleh penaklukan Ukraine barat oleh Komanwel Poland-Lithuania. Walau bagaimanapun, dialek di Ukraine akhirnya berbeza jauh dari dialek di Rusia. <> Semasa abad apa kerajaan Rusia mendakwa bahawa Ukraine adalah dialek Rusia? || 19 <Apa kerajaan Rusia mendakwa bahawa Ukraine bukan bahasa yang berbeza? || Kerajaan Tsarist <> Penaklukan barat Ukraine oleh negara apa yang mengubah bahasa Ukraine? || Bahasa Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth <> Bilakah Empayar Rusia mendakwa bahasa Tsarist adalah bahasa sendiri? || <> Sepanjang abad yang mana tuntutan Ukraine bahawa Tsarist hanya dialek Rusia? || <> Dengan siapa menakluk Komanwel Poland-Lithuania? || <> Untuk dialek mana dialek bahasa Ukrainia sangat serupa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "During what century did the Russian government claim that Ukrainian was a Russian dialect?", "id": "56e835c200c9c71400d7764b", "answers": [{"text": "19th", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Russian government claimed that Ukrainian was not a distinct language?", "id": "56e835c200c9c71400d7764c", "answers": [{"text": "the Tsarist Government", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The conquest of western Ukraine by what country altered the language of Ukraine?", "id": "56e835c200c9c71400d7764d", "answers": [{"text": "Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "19th century", "answer_start": 7}], "question": "When did the Russian Empire claim the Tsarist language was a language on its own?", "id": "5ad28034d7d075001a42979e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "19th", "answer_start": 7}], "question": "During which century did the Ukraine claim that Tsarist was simply a dialect of Russian?", "id": "5ad28034d7d075001a42979f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ukraine", "answer_start": 215}], "question": "By who was the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth conquered? ", "id": "5ad28034d7d075001a4297a0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russia", "answer_start": 350}], "question": "To which dialects were Ukrainian dialects substantially similar?", "id": "5ad28034d7d075001a4297a1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the 19th century, the Tsarist Government of the Russian Empire claimed that Ukrainian was merely a dialect of Russian and not a language on its own. The differences were few and caused by the conquest of western Ukraine by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. However, the dialects in Ukraine eventually differed substantially from the dialects in Russia."}], ["Di Lubnan, sebahagian daripada penduduk Kristian menganggap \"Lubnan\" sebagai bahasa yang berbeza dari bahasa Arab dan bukan dialek sahaja. Semasa perang saudara Kristian sering menggunakan bahasa Arab Lebanon secara rasmi, dan secara sporadikal menggunakan skrip Latin untuk menulis bahasa Lebanon, sehingga membezakannya lagi dari bahasa Arab. Semua undang-undang Lubnan ditulis dalam bentuk sastera standard bahasa Arab, walaupun perdebatan parlimen boleh dilakukan di bahasa Arab Libanon. <> Orang-orang Lebanon tentang agama apa yang kadang-kadang menganggap bahasa Lebanon sebagai bahasa yang berbeza? || Christian <> Dalam bahasa apakah undang-undang Lubnan ditulis? || Bahasa Arab <> Semasa Perang Saudara Lebanese, bahasa apa yang kadang-kadang digunakan oleh orang Kristian Lubnan secara rasmi? || Bahasa Arab Libanon <> Bahasa apa bahasa Lubnan yang berkait rapat? || Arab <> Apa skrip yang dilakukan oleh orang-orang Kristian Lubnan kadang-kadang digunakan untuk menulis Bahasa Arab Lubnan sewaktu perang saudara? || Latin <> Di mana bahasa Lubnan dianggap dialek dan bukan bahasa yang berbeza? || <> Semasa perang melancarkan penganut Kristian kita Latin secara eksklusif? || <> Dalam bentuk mana semua undang-undang Kristian ditulis? || <> Dalam bentuk mana boleh skrip Latin dijalankan? || <> Dalam mana bentuk skrip Lubnan ditulis? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Lebanese people of what religion sometimes consider Lebanese to be a distinct language?", "id": "56e834e000c9c71400d77637", "answers": [{"text": "Christian", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what language are Lebanese laws written?", "id": "56e834e000c9c71400d77638", "answers": [{"text": "Arabic", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the Lebanese Civil War, what language did Lebanese Christians sometimes use officially?", "id": "56e834e000c9c71400d77639", "answers": [{"text": "Lebanese Arabic", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language is Lebanese closely related to?", "id": "56e834e000c9c71400d7763a", "answers": [{"text": "Arabic", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What script did Lebanese Christians sometimes use to write Lebanese Arabic during the civil war?", "id": "56e834e000c9c71400d7763b", "answers": [{"text": "Latin", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lebanon", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "Where is Lebanese considered a dialect and not a distinct language?", "id": "5ad281b8d7d075001a42980c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "civil war", "answer_start": 157}], "question": "During which war did Christians us Latin exclusively?", "id": "5ad281b8d7d075001a42980d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "standard literary form of Arabic", "answer_start": 356}], "question": "In which form are all Christian laws written?", "id": "5ad281b8d7d075001a42980e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lebanese Arabic", "answer_start": 438}], "question": "In which form may Latin script be conducted?", "id": "5ad281b8d7d075001a42980f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "standard literary form of Arabic", "answer_start": 356}], "question": "In which form is Lebanese script written?", "id": "5ad281b8d7d075001a429810", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In Lebanon, a part of the Christian population considers \"Lebanese\" to be in some sense a distinct language from Arabic and not merely a dialect. During the civil war Christians often used Lebanese Arabic officially, and sporadically used the Latin script to write Lebanese, thus further distinguishing it from Arabic. All Lebanese laws are written in the standard literary form of Arabic, though parliamentary debate may be conducted in Lebanese Arabic."}], ["Contoh serupa berlimpah. Macedonian, walaupun saling difahami dengan bahasa Bulgaria, dialek-dialek tertentu dari Serbia dan kurang dari selanjut dialek Slavik Selatan, dianggap oleh orang-orang bahasa Bulgaria untuk menjadi dialek Bulgaria, berbeza dengan pandangan antarabangsa kontemporari dan pandangan di Republik dari Macedonia, yang menganggapnya sebagai bahasa sendiri. Walau bagaimanapun, sebelum penubuhan taraf sastera Makedonia pada tahun 1944, dalam kebanyakan sumber masuk dan keluar dari Bulgaria sebelum Perang Dunia Kedua, konteks dialek Slavonik selatan yang meliputi kawasan Republik Macedonia hari ini disebut sebagai dialek bahasa Bulgaria. <> Bersama dengan Serbia, dengan bahasa apa bahasa Macedonian saling difahami? || Bahasa Bulgaria <> Apa konteks dialek yang dimiliki oleh Macedonia? || Slavic Selatan <> Apa bahasa ahli bahasa Bulgaria menganggap bahasa Makedonia sebagai? || sebuah dialek bahasa Bulgaria <> Pada tahun berapa telah ditubuhkan piawai sastera Macedonia? || 1944 <> Di negara manakah Macedonian yang paling biasa digunakan? || Republik Macedonia <> Dengan bahasa mana Macedonian saling tidak dapat difahami? || <> Dalam tahun berapa ada taraf sastera Bulgaria berkembang? || <> Bilakah tingkatan bahasa Serbia maju di Macedonia? || <> Dalam tahun apakah ada sastera sastera maju? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Serbian, with what language is Macedonian mutually intelligible?", "id": "56e8346300c9c71400d7762d", "answers": [{"text": "Bulgarian", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What dialect continuum does Macedonian belong to?", "id": "56e8346300c9c71400d7762e", "answers": [{"text": "South Slavic", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do Bulgarian linguists regard the Macedonian language as?", "id": "56e8346300c9c71400d7762f", "answers": [{"text": "a Bulgarian dialect", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was a Macedonian literary standard established?", "id": "56e8346300c9c71400d77630", "answers": [{"text": "1944", "answer_start": 471}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what country is Macedonian most commonly spoken?", "id": "56e8346300c9c71400d77631", "answers": [{"text": "Republic of Macedonia", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bulgarian", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "With which language is Macedonian mutually unintelligible? ", "id": "5ad28140d7d075001a4297f2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1944", "answer_start": 471}], "question": "In what year was there a literary standard of Bulgarian developed?", "id": "5ad28140d7d075001a4297f3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1944", "answer_start": 471}], "question": "When was a standard of Serbian developed in Macedonia?", "id": "5ad28140d7d075001a4297f4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1944", "answer_start": 471}], "question": "In what year was there a literary standard of Slavic developed?", "id": "5ad28140d7d075001a4297f5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Similar examples abound. Macedonian, although mutually intelligible with Bulgarian, certain dialects of Serbian and to a lesser extent the rest of the South Slavic dialect continuum, is considered by Bulgarian linguists to be a Bulgarian dialect, in contrast with the contemporary international view and the view in the Republic of Macedonia, which regards it as a language in its own right. Nevertheless, before the establishment of a literary standard of Macedonian in 1944, in most sources in and out of Bulgaria before the Second World War, the southern Slavonic dialect continuum covering the area of today's Republic of Macedonia were referred to as Bulgarian dialects."}], ["Terdapat kes-kes pelbagai ucapan yang sengaja diklasifikasikan semula untuk tujuan politik. Satu contoh adalah Moldovan. Pada tahun 1996, parlimen Moldovan, yang memetik ketakutan tentang \"pengembangan ekspansi Romania\", menolak cadangan Presiden Mircea Snegur untuk menukar nama bahasa itu kepada bahasa Romania, dan pada tahun 2003 kamus Moldovan-Romania diterbitkan, yang menunjukkan bahawa kedua-dua negara bercakap bahasa yang berbeza. Ahli bahasa bahasa Akademi Romania bertindak balas dengan mengisytiharkan bahawa semua perkataan Moldovan juga adalah perkataan Romania; manakala di Moldova, ketua Akademi Sains Moldova, Ion B\u0103rbu\u0163\u0103, menggambarkan kamus itu sebagai \"tidak masuk akal\" bermotif politik. <> Siapa presiden Moldova pada tahun 1996? || Mircea Snegur <> Pada tahun apakah ada kamus Moldovan-Romanian yang diterbitkan? || 2003 <> Ketakutan apa yang menyebabkan parlimen Moldovan menolak menukar nama bahasa negara itu kepada Romania pada tahun 1996? || Expansionism Romania <> Siapa ketua Akademi Sains Moldova? || Ion B\u0103rbu\u0163\u0103 <> Tujuan politik telah diklasifikasikan semula untuk sengaja melakukan apa? || <> Bilakah Parlimen Moldovan meluluskan cadangan dari Presiden Snegur? || <> Kapan cadangan Presiden Moldovan ditolak oleh parlimen? || <> Apa yang diisytiharkan oleh Akademi Sains mengenai perkataan Moldovan? || <> Bilakah kamus Romanian-Academy diterbitkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the president of Moldova in 1996?", "id": "56e8372c37bdd419002c44a0", "answers": [{"text": "Mircea Snegur", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was a Moldovan-Romanian dictionary published?", "id": "56e8372c37bdd419002c44a1", "answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Fear of what caused the Moldovan parliament to reject changing the name of the country's language to Romanian in 1996?", "id": "56e8372c37bdd419002c44a2", "answers": [{"text": "Romanian expansionism", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the head of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova?", "id": "56e8372c37bdd419002c44a3", "answers": [{"text": "Ion B\u0103rbu\u0163\u0103", "answer_start": 605}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "serve political purposes", "answer_start": 80}], "question": "Political purposes have been reclassified to deliberately do what?", "id": "5ad27c13d7d075001a42967a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1996", "answer_start": 134}], "question": "When did the Moldovan parliament approve a proposal from President Snegur?", "id": "5ad27c13d7d075001a42967b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1996", "answer_start": 134}], "question": "When was President Moldovan's proposal rejected by parliament?", "id": "5ad27c13d7d075001a42967c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "all the Moldovan words were also Romanian words", "answer_start": 490}], "question": "What did the Academy of Science declare regarding Moldovan words?", "id": "5ad27c13d7d075001a42967d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 310}], "question": "When was the Romanian-Academy dictionary published?", "id": "5ad27c13d7d075001a42967e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There have been cases of a variety of speech being deliberately reclassified to serve political purposes. One example is Moldovan. In 1996, the Moldovan parliament, citing fears of \"Romanian expansionism\", rejected a proposal from President Mircea Snegur to change the name of the language to Romanian, and in 2003 a Moldovan\u2013Romanian dictionary was published, purporting to show that the two countries speak different languages. Linguists of the Romanian Academy reacted by declaring that all the Moldovan words were also Romanian words; while in Moldova, the head of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Ion B\u0103rbu\u0163\u0103, described the dictionary as a politically motivated \"absurdity\"."}], ["Di Tunisia, Algeria, dan Maghribi, Darijas (bahasa Afrika Utara yang dituturkan) kadang-kadang dianggap lebih berbeza dari dialek Arab yang lain. Secara rasminya, negara-negara Afrika Utara lebih suka memberi keutamaan kepada Bahasa Arab Literatur dan menjalankan banyak kehidupan politik dan agama di dalamnya (kepatuhan terhadap Islam), dan menahan diri dari mengisytiharkan pelbagai spesifik setiap negara menjadi bahasa yang terpisah, karena bahasa Arab Literal adalah liturgis bahasa Islam dan bahasa kitab suci Islam, Al-Qur'an. Walaupun, terutamanya sejak tahun 1960-an, Darijas menduduki peningkatan penggunaan dan pengaruh dalam kehidupan budaya negara-negara ini. Contoh-contoh unsur budaya di mana penggunaan Darijas menjadi dominan termasuk: teater, filem, muzik, televisyen, iklan, media sosial, buku-buku rakyat dan nama-nama syarikat. <> Bersama-sama dengan Maghribi dan Tunisia, di negara apakah yang diucapkan Darijas? || Algeria <> Apakah bahasa liturgis Islam? || Sastera Bahasa Arab <> Dalam bahasa apa yang ditulis oleh Al-Qur'an? || Literary Arabic <> Apakah istilah Dariajs merujuk kepada? || bercakap bahasa Afrika Utara <> Apa agama dominan Afrika Utara? || Islam <> Di manakah Darijas dianggap sama dengan dialek Arab yang lain? || <> Negara manakah yang cenderung memberi keutamaan kepada Darijas? || <> Di mana bahasa adalah bertulis Darijas? || <> Apakah bahasa kisah rakyat? || <> Bahasa yang manakah bahasa liturgi media sosial? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Morocco and Tunisia, in what country are the Darijas spoken?", "id": "56e8355d00c9c71400d77641", "answers": [{"text": "Algeria", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the liturgical language of Islam?", "id": "56e8355d00c9c71400d77642", "answers": [{"text": "Literary Arabic", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what language is the Qur'an written?", "id": "56e8355d00c9c71400d77643", "answers": [{"text": "Literary Arabic", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the term Dariajs refer to?", "id": "56e8355d00c9c71400d77644", "answers": [{"text": "spoken North African languages", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the dominant religion of North Africa?", "id": "56e8355d00c9c71400d77645", "answers": [{"text": "Islam", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "Where are the Darijas considered the same as other Arabic dialects?", "id": "5ad280b6d7d075001a4297c2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "North African countries", "answer_start": 159}], "question": "Which countries tend to give preference to the Darijas?", "id": "5ad280b6d7d075001a4297c3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Literary Arabic", "answer_start": 409}], "question": "In which language is the Darijas written?", "id": "5ad280b6d7d075001a4297c4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Literary Arabic", "answer_start": 409}], "question": "What is the language of folk-tale books?", "id": "5ad280b6d7d075001a4297c5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Literary Arabic", "answer_start": 409}], "question": "Which language is the liturgical language of social media?", "id": "5ad280b6d7d075001a4297c6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, the Darijas (spoken North African languages) are sometimes considered more different from other Arabic dialects. Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of their political and religious life in it (adherence to Islam), and refrain from declaring each country's specific variety to be a separate language, because Literary Arabic is the liturgical language of Islam and the language of the Islamic sacred book, the Qur'an. Although, especially since the 1960s, the Darijas are occupying an increasing use and influence in the cultural life of these countries. Examples of cultural elements where Darijas' use became dominant include: theatre, film, music, television, advertisement, social media, folk-tale books and companies' names."}], ["Pengklasifikasian jenis ucapan sebagai dialek atau bahasa dan hubungan mereka dengan jenis ucapan lain boleh menjadi kontroversi dan keputusan tidak konsisten. Bahasa Inggeris dan Serbo-Croatian menggambarkan maksudnya. Bahasa Inggeris dan Serbo-Kroasia masing-masing mempunyai dua varian utama (Inggeris Inggeris dan Amerika, Serbia dan Croatia), bersama dengan pelbagai jenis lain. Atas sebab-sebab politik, menganalisis varieti ini sebagai \"bahasa\" atau \"dialek\" menghasilkan hasil yang tidak konsisten: Bahasa Inggeris Inggeris dan Amerika, yang dituturkan oleh sekutu politik dan ketenteraan yang rapat, hampir secara universal dianggap sebagai dialek bahasa tunggal, sedangkan bahasa-bahasa standar Serbia dan Croatia, yang berbeza dari satu sama lain ke tahap yang sama seperti dialek Bahasa Inggeris, sedang diperlakukan oleh beberapa ahli bahasa dari rantau ini sebagai bahasa yang berbeza, terutamanya kerana kedua-dua negara berayun dari menjadi saudara menjadi musuh pahit. (Artikel bahasa Serbo-Croatia berkaitan dengan topik ini lebih lengkap.) <> Bersama dengan Bahasa Inggeris Inggeris, apakah varian utama bahasa Inggeris? || Bahasa Inggeris Amerika <> Apakah dua varian utama Serbo-Croatian? || Bahasa Serbia dan Bahasa Kroasia <> Adakah bahasa Inggeris dan Amerika Inggeris dianggap sebagai bahasa yang berbeza, atau dialek bahasa tunggal? || dialek bahasa tunggal <> Adakah ahli bahasa serantau merawat bahasa Serbia dan Croat sebagai bahasa yang berbeza atau sebagai dialek bahasa tunggal? || bahasa yang berbeza <> Mengapa bahasa Serbia dan Croatia sering dianggap sebagai bahasa yang berbeza? || kedua-dua negara berayun dari menjadi saudara-saudara menjadi musuh pahit <> Apa yang boleh menjadi kontroversi dengan keputusan yang konsisten? || <> Bahasa mana yang tidak digunakan oleh sekutu politik? || <> Bahasa mana yang tidak digunakan oleh sekutu ketenteraan? || <> Bahasa Serbia dan Amerika Bahasa Inggeris adalah varian utama bahasa mana? || <> Bahasa Inggeris Inggeris dan Bahasa Kroasia adalah varian utama bahasa mana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with British English, what is the major variant of the English language?", "id": "56e833ff00c9c71400d77623", "answers": [{"text": "American English", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the two major variants of Serbo-Croatian?", "id": "56e833ff00c9c71400d77624", "answers": [{"text": "Serbian and Croatian", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Are British and American English regarded as distinct languages, or dialects of a single language?", "id": "56e833ff00c9c71400d77625", "answers": [{"text": "dialects of a single language", "answer_start": 601}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Do regional linguists treat Serbian and Croation as distinct languages or as dialects of a single language?", "id": "56e833ff00c9c71400d77626", "answers": [{"text": "distinct languages", "answer_start": 818}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why are Serbian and Croatian often treated like distinct languages?", "id": "56e833ff00c9c71400d77627", "answers": [{"text": "the two countries oscillate from being brotherly to being bitter enemies", "answer_start": 854}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "classification of speech varieties as dialects or languages", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What is can be controversial with consistent verdicts?", "id": "5ad27df7d7d075001a4296ec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "British and American English", "answer_start": 489}], "question": "Which languages are not spoken by political allies?", "id": "5ad27df7d7d075001a4296ed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "British and American English", "answer_start": 489}], "question": "Which languages are not spoken by military allies?", "id": "5ad27df7d7d075001a4296ee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 168}], "question": "Serbian and American English are the major variants of which language?", "id": "5ad27df7d7d075001a4296ef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Serbo-Croatian", "answer_start": 180}], "question": "British English and Croatian American are the major variants of which language?", "id": "5ad27df7d7d075001a4296f0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The classification of speech varieties as dialects or languages and their relationship to other varieties of speech can be controversial and the verdicts inconsistent. English and Serbo-Croatian illustrate the point. English and Serbo-Croatian each have two major variants (British and American English, and Serbian and Croatian, respectively), along with numerous other varieties. For political reasons, analyzing these varieties as \"languages\" or \"dialects\" yields inconsistent results: British and American English, spoken by close political and military allies, are almost universally regarded as dialects of a single language, whereas the standard languages of Serbia and Croatia, which differ from each other to a similar extent as the dialects of English, are being treated by some linguists from the region as distinct languages, largely because the two countries oscillate from being brotherly to being bitter enemies. (The Serbo-Croatian language article deals with this topic much more fully.)"}], ["Tidak seperti kebanyakan bahasa yang menggunakan abjad untuk menunjukkan sebutan, watak-watak Cina telah berkembang dari logogram yang tidak selalu memberi petunjuk kepada sebutannya. Walaupun watak-watak bertulis tetap agak konsisten untuk dua ribu tahun yang lalu, sebutan dan tatabahasa di rantau-rantau yang berbeza telah berkembang ke tahap bahawa jenis bahasa yang dituturkan sering saling tidak dapat difahami. Sebagai serangkaian penghijrahan di selatan sepanjang sejarah, bahasa serantau di selatan, termasuk Xiang, Wu, Gan, Min, Yue (Kantonis), dan Hakka sering menunjukkan jejak orang Cina Lama atau Cina Tengah. Dari Dinasti Ming seterusnya, Beijing telah menjadi ibu negara China dan dialek yang dituturkan di Beijing telah mempunyai prestij yang paling banyak di antara jenis lain. Dengan penubuhan Republik China, Standard Mandarin telah ditetapkan sebagai bahasa rasmi, berdasarkan bahasa lisan Beijing. Sejak itu, jenis lain yang dituturkan dianggap sebagai fangyan (dialek). Kantonis masih menjadi bahasa yang paling sering digunakan di Hong Kong, Macau dan di kalangan beberapa komuniti Cina di luar negeri, sedangkan Southern Min telah diterima di Taiwan sebagai bahasa tempatan yang penting bersama Mandarin. <> Dari apa yang diterbitkan oleh aksara Cina? || Logogram <> Apakah nama lain untuk bahasa Yue? || Kantonis <> Hakka adalah bahasa dari bahagian geografi China? || selatan <> Dari zaman dinasti Ming, kota apakah ibukota China? || Beijing <> Pada penubuhannya. apakah bahasa rasmi Republik China? || Standard Mandarin <> Apa aksara Cina yang digunakan untuk memberi petunjuk kepada sebutan? || <> Apa nama lain untuk bahasa Xiang? || <> Di mana Macau adalah bahasa yang paling biasa digunakan? || <> Bahasa manakah yang paling biasa digunakan dalam bahasa Kantonis? || <> Apa yang digunakan oleh kebanyakan bahasa untuk menunjukkan varieti? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "From what did Chinese characters derive?", "id": "56e8379037bdd419002c44a8", "answers": [{"text": "logograms", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for the Yue language?", "id": "56e8379037bdd419002c44a9", "answers": [{"text": "Cantonese", "answer_start": 559}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Hakka is a language from what geographic part of China?", "id": "56e8379037bdd419002c44aa", "answers": [{"text": "the south", "answer_start": 452}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From the time of the Ming dynasty, what city was the capital of China?", "id": "56e8379037bdd419002c44ab", "answers": [{"text": "Beijing", "answer_start": 663}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At its founding. what was the official language of the Republic of China?", "id": "56e8379037bdd419002c44ac", "answers": [{"text": "Standard Mandarin", "answer_start": 828}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "logograms", "answer_start": 111}], "question": "What do Chinese characters use to give hints to pronunciation?", "id": "5ad27b63d7d075001a429652", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cantonese", "answer_start": 559}], "question": "What is another name for the Xiang language?  ", "id": "5ad27b63d7d075001a429653", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hong Kong", "answer_start": 1053}], "question": "Where is Macau the most commonly used language?", "id": "5ad27b63d7d075001a429654", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hong Kong", "answer_start": 1053}], "question": "Which language is the most commonly used in Cantonese?", "id": "5ad27b63d7d075001a429655", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "alphabets", "answer_start": 31}], "question": "What do most languages use to indicate varieties?", "id": "5ad27b63d7d075001a429656", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in different regions has developed to an extent that the varieties of the spoken language are often mutually unintelligible. As a series of migration to the south throughout the history, the regional languages of the south, including Xiang, Wu, Gan, Min, Yue (Cantonese), and Hakka often show traces of Old Chinese or Middle Chinese. From the Ming dynasty onward, Beijing has been the capital of China and the dialect spoken in Beijing has had the most prestige among other varieties. With the founding of the Republic of China, Standard Mandarin was designated as the official language, based on the spoken language of Beijing. Since then, other spoken varieties are regarded as fangyan (dialects). Cantonese is still the most commonly used language in Hong Kong, Macau and among some overseas Chinese communities, whereas Southern Min has been accepted in Taiwan as an important local language along with Mandarin."}], ["Ini dapat menimbulkan keadaan di mana dua dialek (ditakrifkan mengikut paradigma ini) dengan hubungan genetik agak jauh adalah saling lebih mudah difahami daripada dialek yang lebih dekat. Dalam satu pendapat, corak ini jelas terdapat di kalangan bahasa-bahasa Romantik moden, dengan bahasa Itali dan Sepanyol mempunyai tahap kepekaan yang tinggi, yang mana bahasa tidak ada dengan Perancis, walaupun ada yang mendakwa bahawa kedua-dua bahasa itu secara genetik lebih dekat dengan bahasa Perancis daripada satu sama lain: [rujukan?] Malah, saudara-saudara Perancis-Itali dan Perancis-Sepanyol tidak dapat difahami sama sekali kerana Perancis telah mengalami perubahan fonologi yang lebih cepat dan lebih luas berbanding dengan Sepanyol dan Itali, bukannya jarak sebenar atau membayangkan hubungan genetik. Sebenarnya, bahasa Itali dan Perancis berkongsi lebih banyak kata-kata akar yang sama yang tidak muncul dalam bahasa Sepanyol. <> Bahasa Itali adalah saling difahami dengan bahasa Romance lain? || Bahasa Sepanyol <> Dengan bahasa percintaan apa bahasa Sepanyol tidak mempunyai tahap kepekaan yang tinggi? || Perancis <> Apakah sebabnya bahasa Perancis dan Itali tidak dapat dipahami secara mutual? || Bahasa Perancis telah mengalami perubahan fonologi yang lebih cepat dan lebih meluas <> Corak ini sangat kurang di antaranya bahasa-bahasa moden? || <> Bahasa manakah yang mempunyai tahap pemahaman yang sama? || <> Apakah bahasa Itali dan Sepanyol berkongsi dengan bahasa Perancis? || <> Apakah ketidaktahuan antara Perancis-Sepanyol dan Sepanyol-Itali kerana? || <> Yang dua bahasa berkongsi banyak kata-kata akar yang tidak termasuk dalam bahasa Romance? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Italian is significantly mutually comprehensible with what other Romance language?", "id": "56e83b4c00c9c71400d77661", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With what romance language does Spanish not have a high degree of mutual comprehensibility?", "id": "56e83b4c00c9c71400d77662", "answers": [{"text": "French", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the reason for French and Italian not being very mutually comprehensible?", "id": "56e83b4c00c9c71400d77663", "answers": [{"text": "French having undergone more rapid and more pervasive phonological change", "answer_start": 620}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Romance", "answer_start": 282}], "question": "This pattern is particularly lacking among which modern languages?", "id": "5ad272b2d7d075001a4294a4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Italian and Spanish", "answer_start": 306}], "question": "Which languages have a low degree of  mutual comprehensibility?", "id": "5ad272b2d7d075001a4294a5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "high degree of mutual comprehensibility", "answer_start": 335}], "question": "What do both the Italian and Spanish languages share with the French language?", "id": "5ad272b2d7d075001a4294a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "French having undergone more rapid and more pervasive phonological change than have Spanish and Italian", "answer_start": 620}], "question": "What is French-Spanish and Spanish-Italian mutual incomprehensibility due to?", "id": "5ad272b2d7d075001a4294a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Italian and French", "answer_start": 792}], "question": "Which two languages share numerous root words that aren't even in the Romance language?", "id": "5ad272b2d7d075001a4294a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "This can give rise to the situation in which two dialects (defined according to this paradigm) with a somewhat distant genetic relationship are mutually more readily comprehensible than more closely related dialects. In one opinion, this pattern is clearly present among the modern Romance languages, with Italian and Spanish having a high degree of mutual comprehensibility, which neither language shares with French, despite some claiming that both languages are genetically closer to French than to each other:[citation needed] In fact, French-Italian and French-Spanish relative mutual incomprehensibility is due to French having undergone more rapid and more pervasive phonological change than have Spanish and Italian, not to real or imagined distance in genetic relationship. In fact, Italian and French share many more root words in common that do not even appear in Spanish."}], ["Banyak ahli bahasa sejarah melihat apa-apa bentuk ucapan sebagai dialek komunikasi yang lebih tua dari mana ia berkembang. [Rujukan?] Pandangan ini melihat bahasa-bahasa Romantik moden sebagai dialek bahasa Latin, bahasa Yunani moden sebagai dialek Greek Kuno, Tok Pisin sebagai dialek bahasa Inggeris, dan bahasa Jerman Utara sebagai dialek Norse Lama. Paradigma ini tidak sepenuhnya bebas masalah. Ia melihat hubungan genetik sebagai yang paling utama: \"dialek\" dari \"bahasa\" (yang sendiri mungkin \"dialek\" bahasa yang lebih tua) mungkin atau tidak boleh dipahami bersama. Lebih-lebih lagi, bahasa ibunda mungkin menimbulkan beberapa \"dialek\" yang mana mereka sendiri membahagikan beberapa kali, dengan beberapa \"cabang\" pokok berubah lebih pesat daripada yang lain. <> Dari perspektif ahli bahasa sejarah, apakah dialek Bahasa Romantik? || Latin <> Apa yang banyak ahli bahasa sejarah menganggap Yunani moden sebagai dialek? || Bahasa Yunani Purba <> Dari bahasa mana yang berasal dari bahasa Jerman Utara? || Norse Lama <> Tok Pisin mungkin dianggap sebagai dialek bahasa apa? || Bahasa Inggeris <> Apa beberapa ahli bahasa sejarah melihat apa-apa bentuk pertuturan sebagai? || <> Menurut beberapa ini, bahasa apakah bahasa Latin yang dialek? || <> Menurut beberapa perkara ini, bahasa apa yang dialek Yunani Kuno? || <> Menurut beberapa perkara ini, bahasa apa yang dialek Norse Lama? || <> Menurut beberapa ini, bahasa apakah bahasa inggeris yang dialek? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "From the perspective of historical linguists, what are Romance languages dialects of?", "id": "56e837f437bdd419002c44b2", "answers": [{"text": "Latin", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do many historical linguists consider modern Greek to be a dialect of?", "id": "56e837f437bdd419002c44b3", "answers": [{"text": "Ancient Greek", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what language is North Germanic derived?", "id": "56e837f437bdd419002c44b4", "answers": [{"text": "Old Norse", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tok Pisin might be regarded as a dialect of what language?", "id": "56e837f437bdd419002c44b5", "answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed", "answer_start": 50}], "question": "What do few historical linguists view any speech form as?", "id": "5ad27318d7d075001a4294ae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Romance languages", "answer_start": 174}], "question": "According to this few, what language is Latin a dialect of?", "id": "5ad27318d7d075001a4294af", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Greek", "answer_start": 221}], "question": "According to this few, what language is Ancient Greek a dialect of?", "id": "5ad27318d7d075001a4294b0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "North Germanic", "answer_start": 297}], "question": "According to this few, what language is Old Norse a dialect of?", "id": "5ad27318d7d075001a4294b1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tok Pisin", "answer_start": 258}], "question": "According to this few, what language is English a dialect of?", "id": "5ad27318d7d075001a4294b2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Many historical linguists view any speech form as a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed.[citation needed] This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient Greek, Tok Pisin as a dialect of English, and North Germanic as dialects of Old Norse. This paradigm is not entirely problem-free. It sees genetic relationships as paramount: the \"dialects\" of a \"language\" (which itself may be a \"dialect\" of a yet older language) may or may not be mutually intelligible. Moreover, a parent language may spawn several \"dialects\" which themselves subdivide any number of times, with some \"branches\" of the tree changing more rapidly than others."}], ["Sebagai contoh, kata-kata bahasa Itali dan Perancis untuk pelbagai makanan, hubungan sesama keluarga, dan bahagian-bahagian badan sangat serupa antara satu sama lain, namun kebanyakan perkataan itu sama sekali berbeza dalam bahasa Sepanyol. Italian \"avere\" dan \"essere\" sebagai pembantu untuk membentuk tenses kompaun digunakan sama seperti \"avoir\" dan \"\u00eatre\" Perancis. Bahasa Sepanyol hanya mengekalkan \"haber\" dan telah dihapuskan dengan \"ser\" dalam membentuk tanding kompaun. Walau bagaimanapun, apabila ia berkaitan dengan struktur fonologi, bahasa Itali dan Sepanyol telah mengalami perubahan kurang daripada bahasa Perancis, dengan hasilnya, beberapa penutur asli bahasa Itali dan Sepanyol dapat mencapai tahap pemahaman bersama yang membenarkan komunikasi yang luas. perkataan serupa dengan perkataan Perancis \"avoir\"? || avere <> Apa perkataan Perancis yang sama dengan perkataan Itali \"essere\"? || \u00c3\u0192re <> Apa dua bahasa mempunyai kemungkinan untuk saling ketara yang penting? || Itali dan Sepanyol <> Bersama dengan makanan dan hubungan keluarga, apa perkataan yang serupa dalam bahasa Perancis dan Itali? || bahagian badan <> Apabila membentuk tenses kompaun dalam bahasa Sepanyol, apa tambahan tidak lagi digunakan? || sere <> Dalam bahasa Itali dan Perancis yang kata-kata sangat berbeza sedangkan kata-kata yang sama mirip dalam bahasa Sepanyol? || <> Yang mana dua bahasa telah mengalami perubahan daripada bahasa Perancis mengenai struktur fonologi? || <> Apa perkataan Sepanyol sama dengan perkataan avere Itali? || <> Bahasa Sepanyol yang manakah serupa dengan essere perkataan Itali? || <> Istilah Itali mana yang serupa dengan avoir? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What Italian word is similar to the French word \"avoir\"?", "id": "56e83bdf37bdd419002c44ba", "answers": [{"text": "avere", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What French word is similar to the Italian word \"essere\"?", "id": "56e83bdf37bdd419002c44bb", "answers": [{"text": "\u00eatre", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two languages have the possibility for significant mutual intelligibility?", "id": "56e83bdf37bdd419002c44bc", "answers": [{"text": "Italian and Spanish", "answer_start": 454}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with foods and family relationships, what sorts of words are similar in French and Italian?", "id": "56e83bdf37bdd419002c44bd", "answers": [{"text": "body parts", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When forming compound tenses in Spanish, what auxiliary is no longer used?", "id": "56e83bdf37bdd419002c44be", "answers": [{"text": "sere", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "words for various foods, some family relationships, and body parts", "answer_start": 36}], "question": "In Italian and French which words are very different while the same words are similar in Spanish?", "id": "5ad27222d7d075001a429486", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Italian and Spanish", "answer_start": 454}], "question": "Which two languages have undergone more change than French regarding phonological structures?", "id": "5ad27222d7d075001a429487", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "essere", "answer_start": 217}], "question": "What Spanish word is similar to the Italian word avere?", "id": "5ad27222d7d075001a429488", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "avere", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "Which Spanish word is similar to the Italian word essere?", "id": "5ad27222d7d075001a429489", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u00eatre", "answer_start": 310}], "question": "Which Italian term is similar to avoir?", "id": "5ad27222d7d075001a42948a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "For example, the Italian and French words for various foods, some family relationships, and body parts are very similar to each other, yet most of those words are completely different in Spanish. Italian \"avere\" and \"essere\" as auxiliaries for forming compound tenses are used similarly to French \"avoir\" and \"\u00eatre\". Spanish only retains \"haber\" and has done away with \"ser\" in forming compound tenses. However, when it comes to phonological structures, Italian and Spanish have undergone less change than French, with the result that some native speakers of Italian and Spanish may attain a degree of mutual comprehension that permits extensive communication.[citation needed]"}], ["Satu bahasa, Interlingua, telah dibangunkan supaya bahasa tamadun Barat berfungsi sebagai dialeknya. Menggambar dari konsep-konsep seperti kosakata sains antarabangsa dan Standard Standard Eropah, ahli bahasa [yang?] Mengembangkan teori bahawa bahasa-bahasa Barat moden sebenarnya adalah dialek bahasa tersembunyi atau laten. [Rujukan?] Para penyelidik di Persatuan Bahasa Auxiliary Antarabangsa diekstrak kata-kata dan melekatkan bahawa mereka dianggap sebagai sebahagian daripada perbendaharaan kata Interlingua. Secara teorinya, penutur bahasa-bahasa Barat akan memahami Interlingua tertulis atau bercakap dengan segera, tanpa belajar terlebih dahulu, kerana bahasa-bahasa mereka sendiri adalah dialeknya. Ini sering berlaku, terutamanya, tetapi bukan semata-mata, untuk penceramah bahasa-bahasa Romantik dan penceramah bahasa Inggeris berpendidikan. Interlingua juga didapati membantu dalam pembelajaran bahasa-bahasa lain. Dalam satu kajian, pelajar sekolah menengah Sweden yang belajar Interlingua dapat menterjemahkan petikan dari bahasa Sepanyol, Portugis, dan Itali yang pelajar-pelajar bahasa tersebut didapati terlalu sukar difahami. Perlu diperhatikan, bagaimanapun, bahawa perbendaharaan kata Interlingua melangkaui keluarga bahasa Barat. <> Bahasa apa yang boleh semua bahasa Barat dianggap sebagai dialek? || Interlingua <> Para penyelidik di mana organisasi belajar dan membangun Interlingua? || Persatuan Bahasa Asing Antarabangsa <> Apakah kewarganegaraan pelajar sekolah menengah yang mempelajari Interlingua dalam percubaan linguistik yang ketara? || Bahasa Sweden <> Bersama dengan bahasa Itali dan Sepanyol, bahasa apa yang boleh diterjemah oleh pelajar Interlingua Sweden? || Bahasa Portugis <> Bersama dengan Purata Eropah Purata, dari apa konsep yang diperoleh Interlingua? || kosa kata saintifik antarabangsa <> Bahasa mana yang dibangunkan untuk membantu bahasa peradaban Timur bertindak sebagai dialek? || <> Apakah nama bahasa yang dicipta untuk membantu bahasa Barat bertindak sebagai bahasa Inggeris? || <> Apa yang Interlingua didapati menjejaskan? || <> Menurut satu kajian, pelajar yang belajar bahasa Sepanyol dapat menerjemahkan petikan dari mana bahasa yang tidak dapat dilakukan oleh pelajar lain? || <> Kosakata bahasa mana yang mana '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What language could all Western languages be considered dialects of?", "id": "56e83cb337bdd419002c44c4", "answers": [{"text": "Interlingua", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Researchers at what organization study and develop Interlingua?", "id": "56e83cb337bdd419002c44c5", "answers": [{"text": "International Auxiliary Language Association", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the nationality of high school students who learned Interlingua in a notable linguistic experiment?", "id": "56e83cb337bdd419002c44c6", "answers": [{"text": "Swedish", "answer_start": 910}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Italian and Spanish, what language could Swedish Interlingua learners translate?", "id": "56e83cb337bdd419002c44c7", "answers": [{"text": "Portuguese", "answer_start": 1006}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Standard Average European, from what concept was Interlingua derived?", "id": "56e83cb337bdd419002c44c8", "answers": [{"text": "the international scientific vocabulary", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Interlingua", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "Which language was developed to aid Eastern civilization languages in acting as dialects?", "id": "5ad27192d7d075001a42945e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Interlingua", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "What is the name of the language that was created to help Western languages act as English?", "id": "5ad27192d7d075001a42945f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the learning of other languages", "answer_start": 863}], "question": "What has Interlingua been found to be a detriment to?", "id": "5ad27192d7d075001a429460", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Portuguese, and Italian", "answer_start": 1006}], "question": "According to one study, students learning Spanish were able to translate passages from which languages that other students could not?", "id": "5ad27192d7d075001a429461", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Interlingua", "answer_start": 1150}], "question": "Which languages' vocabulary does not reach beyond the Western family of languages?", "id": "5ad27192d7d075001a429462", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "One language, Interlingua, was developed so that the languages of Western civilization would act as its dialects. Drawing from such concepts as the international scientific vocabulary and Standard Average European, linguists[who?] developed a theory that the modern Western languages were actually dialects of a hidden or latent language.[citation needed] Researchers at the International Auxiliary Language Association extracted words and affixes that they considered to be part of Interlingua's vocabulary. In theory, speakers of the Western languages would understand written or spoken Interlingua immediately, without prior study, since their own languages were its dialects. This has often turned out to be true, especially, but not solely, for speakers of the Romance languages and educated speakers of English. Interlingua has also been found to assist in the learning of other languages. In one study, Swedish high school students learning Interlingua were able to translate passages from Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian that students of those languages found too difficult to understand. It should be noted, however, that the vocabulary of Interlingua extends beyond the Western language families."}]], [["Bahasa rasmi Bern adalah (pelbagai bahasa Swiss) Jerman, tetapi bahasa utama adalah bahasa Jerman Alemannic Swiss dialek bernama Bernese Jerman. <> Apakah bahasa rasmi Bern? || Jerman", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the official language of Bern?", "id": "56e85fee00c9c71400d77671", "answers": [{"text": "German", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The official language of Bern is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the Alemannic Swiss German dialect called Bernese German."}], ["Selepas kebakaran besar pada tahun 1405, bangunan kayu asli di bandar itu secara beransur-ansur digantikan oleh rumah setengah kayu dan kemudiannya bangunan batu pasir yang menjadi ciri khas untuk Old Town. Walaupun gelombang wabak yang melanda Eropah pada abad ke-14, bandar terus berkembang: terutamanya disebabkan oleh imigresen dari kawasan sekitar. <> Tahun berapa ada api besar? || 1405 <> Apa yang dimusnahkan di dalam api? || bangunan kayu asli di bandar ini", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was there a huge fire?", "id": "56e8653c37bdd419002c44f4", "answers": [{"text": "1405", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was destroyed in the fire?", "id": "56e8653c37bdd419002c44f5", "answers": [{"text": "the city's original wooden buildings", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After a major blaze in 1405, the city's original wooden buildings were gradually replaced by half-timbered houses and subsequently the sandstone buildings which came to be characteristic for the Old Town. Despite the waves of pestilence that hit Europe in the 14th century, the city continued to grow: mainly due to immigration from the surrounding countryside."}], ["Pada tahun 1983 bandar lama bersejarah di pusat Bern menjadi Tapak Warisan Dunia UNESCO. Bern menduduki tempat di antara sepuluh bandar teratas dunia untuk kualiti hidup terbaik (2010). <> Di mana Tapak Warisan Dunia UNESCO? || pusat Bern <> Di mana Bern kedudukan untuk bandar-bandar teratas untuk kualiti hidup terbaik? || atas sepuluh <> Bilakah pusat Bern menjadi Tapak Warisan Dunia UNESCO? || 1983", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the UNESCO World Heritage Site?", "id": "56e860fd00c9c71400d77674", "answers": [{"text": "centre of Bern", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does Bern rank for top cities for the best quality of life?", "id": "56e860fd00c9c71400d77675", "answers": [{"text": "top ten", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the centre of Bern become the UNESCO World Heritage Site?", "id": "56e860fd00c9c71400d77676", "answers": [{"text": "1983", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1983 the historic old town in the centre of Bern became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Bern is ranked among the world\u2019s top ten cities for the best quality of life (2010)."}], ["Pada tahun 1353 Bern menyertai Konfederasi Switzerland, menjadi salah satu daripada lapan kanton tempoh formatif dari 1353 hingga 1481. Bern menyerang dan menakluki Aargau pada 1415 dan Vaud pada 1536, serta wilayah-wilayah lain yang lebih kecil; dengan itu menjadi bandaraya terbesar di utara Alps, menjelang abad ke-18 yang merangkumi sebahagian besar dari apa yang sekarang adalah canton Bern dan canton Vaud. <> tahun apakah Bern menyertai Konfederasi Swiss? || 1353 <> Berapa banyak canton di antara 1353 hingga 1481? || 8 <> Tahun apakah Bern menyerang Aargau? || 1415 <> Apa bandar utara terbesar di Alps? || Bern", {"qas": [{"question": "what year did Bern join the Swiss Confederacy?", "id": "56e8638c37bdd419002c44e0", "answers": [{"text": "1353", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many cantons were there between 1353 to 1481?", "id": "56e8638c37bdd419002c44e1", "answers": [{"text": "8", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Bern invade Aargau?", "id": "56e8638c37bdd419002c44e3", "answers": [{"text": "1415", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the largest city-state north of the Alps?", "id": "56e8638c37bdd419002c44e4", "answers": [{"text": "Bern", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1353 Bern joined the Swiss Confederacy, becoming one of the eight cantons of the formative period of 1353 to 1481. Bern invaded and conquered Aargau in 1415 and Vaud in 1536, as well as other smaller territories; thereby becoming the largest city-state north of the Alps, by the 18th century comprising most of what is today the canton of Bern and the canton of Vaud."}], ["Bandar zaman pertengahan adalah asas keluarga berkuasa Z\u00e4hringer, yang berkuasa di Upper Burgundy pada abad ke-12. Menurut historiografi abad ke-14 (Cronica de Berno, 1309), Bern ditubuhkan pada tahun 1191 oleh Berthold V, Duke of Z\u00e4hringen. <> Bandar zaman pertengahan adalah asas kepada keluarga apa? || Z\u00e4hringer <> Bilakah keluarga berkuasa Zahringer berkuasa? || Abad ke-12 <> Di mana keluarga berkuasa Zahringer berkuasa? || Upper Burgundy <> Tahun apa yang diasaskan oleh Bern? || 1191 <> Siapa yang mengasaskan Bern? || Berthold V, Duke of Z\u00e4hringen", {"qas": [{"question": "The medieval city is a foundation of what family?", "id": "56e8630337bdd419002c44d6", "answers": [{"text": "Z\u00e4hringer", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Zahringer ruling family rise to power?", "id": "56e8630337bdd419002c44d7", "answers": [{"text": "12th century", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Zahringer ruling family rise to power?", "id": "56e8630337bdd419002c44d8", "answers": [{"text": "Upper Burgundy", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Bern founded?", "id": "56e8630337bdd419002c44d9", "answers": [{"text": "1191", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who founded Bern?", "id": "56e8630337bdd419002c44da", "answers": [{"text": "Berthold V, Duke of Z\u00e4hringen", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The medieval city is a foundation of the Z\u00e4hringer ruling family, which rose to power in Upper Burgundy in the 12th century. According to 14th century historiography (Cronica de Berno, 1309), Bern was founded in 1191 by Berthold V, Duke of Z\u00e4hringen."}], ["Bern diduduki oleh tentera Perancis pada tahun 1798 semasa Perang Revolusi Perancis, apabila ia dilucutkan bahagian-bahagian wilayahnya. Ia menguasai semula Bernese Oberland pada tahun 1802, dan setelah Kongres Vienna tahun 1814, ia baru memperoleh Juri Bernese. Pada masa ini, ia sekali lagi menjadi canton terbesar persekutuan kerana ia berdiri semasa Pemulihan dan sehingga pengasingan cantuman Jura pada tahun 1979. Bern telah dijadikan Bandar Persekutuan (kerusi Dewan Persekutuan) dalam persekutuan Switzerland baru menyatakan pada tahun 1848. <> Tahun apa Bern ditaklukkan oleh tentera Perancis? || 1798 <> Mengapa tentera Perancis di Bern? || Perang Revolusi Perancis <> Bilakah Bern menguasai semula Bernese Oberland? || 1802 <> Apa wilayah baru yang diambil pada tahun 1814? || Bernese Jura. <> Bilakah kanton Jura dimeteraikan? || 1979", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was Bern occupied by French troops?", "id": "56e8668737bdd419002c44fe", "answers": [{"text": "1798", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why were French troops in Bern?", "id": "56e8668737bdd419002c44ff", "answers": [{"text": "French Revolutionary Wars", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Bern regain control of Bernese Oberland?", "id": "56e8668737bdd419002c4500", "answers": [{"text": "1802", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What new territory was aquired in 1814?", "id": "56e8668737bdd419002c4501", "answers": [{"text": "Bernese Jura.", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the canton of Jura seceed?", "id": "56e8668737bdd419002c4502", "answers": [{"text": "1979", "answer_start": 423}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bern was occupied by French troops in 1798 during the French Revolutionary Wars, when it was stripped of parts of its territories. It regained control of the Bernese Oberland in 1802, and following the Congress of Vienna of 1814, it newly acquired the Bernese Jura. At this time, it once again became the largest canton of the confederacy as it stood during the Restoration and until the secession of the canton of Jura in 1979. Bern was made the Federal City (seat of the Federal Assembly) within the new Swiss federal state in 1848."}], ["Tiada bukti arkeologi yang menunjukkan penyelesaian di tapak pusat bandar hari ini sebelum abad ke-12 telah dijumpai setakat ini. Dalam zaman kuno, Celtic oppidum berdiri di Engehalbinsel (semenanjung) utara Bern, yang diperkuat sejak abad ke-2 SM (akhir zaman La T\u00e8ne), dianggap sebagai salah satu dari dua belas oppida Helvetii yang disebut oleh Caesar. Semasa era Rom, terdapat tanda-tanda Gallo-Rom pada tapak yang sama. Tablet zinc Bern mempunyai nama Brenodor (\"kediaman Breno\"). Pada Abad Pertengahan, terdapat penempatan di B\u00fcmpliz, sekarang sebuah daerah bandar Bern, kira-kira 4 km (2 mi) dari bandar zaman pertengahan. <> Bilakah pembuktian awal penyelesaian di pusat bandar? || Abad ke-12 <> Apakah era di mana terdapat tanda-tanda Gallo-Rom pada tapak yang sama? || Era Rom <> Apa nama tablet zinc Bern? || Brenodor <> Bilakah penempatan di Bumpliz dekat dengan bandar zaman pertengahan? || Awal Zaman Pertengahan", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the earliest evidnce of settlement in the city centre?", "id": "56e8629c37bdd419002c44ce", "answers": [{"text": "12th century", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What era was there a Gallo-Roman vicus on the same site?", "id": "56e8629c37bdd419002c44cf", "answers": [{"text": "Roman era", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the Bern zinc tablet?", "id": "56e8629c37bdd419002c44d0", "answers": [{"text": "Brenodor", "answer_start": 462}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the settlement in Bumpliz close to the medieval city?", "id": "56e8629c37bdd419002c44d1", "answers": [{"text": "Early Middle Ages", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "No archaeological evidence that indicates a settlement on the site of today\u2032s city centre prior to the 12th century has been found so far. In antiquity, a Celtic oppidum stood on the Engehalbinsel (peninsula) north of Bern, fortified since the 2nd century BC (late La T\u00e8ne period), thought to be one of the twelve oppida of the Helvetii mentioned by Caesar. During the Roman era, there was a Gallo-Roman vicus on the same site. The Bern zinc tablet has the name Brenodor (\"dwelling of Breno\"). In the Early Middle Ages, there was a settlement in B\u00fcmpliz, now a city district of Bern, some 4 km (2 mi) from the medieval city."}], ["Bandar ini berkembang ke arah barat sempadan semenanjung yang dibentuk oleh Sungai Aare. Menara Zytglogge menandakan sempadan barat kota dari 1191 hingga 1256, ketika K\u00e4figturm mengambil alih peranan ini hingga 1345. Ia kemudiannya digantikan oleh Christoffelturm (yang dahulunya terletak dekat dengan tapak stesen kereta api moden) sehingga 1622. Semasa Perang Tiga Puluh Tahun, dua kubu baru - yang dipanggil Schanze besar dan kecil (pembinaan) - dibina untuk melindungi seluruh kawasan semenanjung. <> Apa sungai yang berhampiran dengan bandar? || Sungai Aare <> Apa nama menara yang sempadan barat? || Zytglogge <> Apa menara mengambil alih selepas Zytglogge? || K\u00e4figturm <> Apa yang melindungi Schanze besar dan kecil? || seluruh kawasan semenanjung", {"qas": [{"question": "What river was the city near?", "id": "56e8648f37bdd419002c44ea", "answers": [{"text": "River Aare", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the tower that was the western boundary?", "id": "56e8648f37bdd419002c44eb", "answers": [{"text": "Zytglogge", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What tower took over after Zytglogge?", "id": "56e8648f37bdd419002c44ec", "answers": [{"text": "K\u00e4figturm", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the big and small Schanze protect?", "id": "56e8648f37bdd419002c44ee", "answers": [{"text": "the whole area of the peninsula", "answer_start": 504}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city grew out towards the west of the boundaries of the peninsula formed by the River Aare. The Zytglogge tower marked the western boundary of the city from 1191 until 1256, when the K\u00e4figturm took over this role until 1345. It was, in turn, succeeded by the Christoffelturm (formerly located close to the site of the modern-day railway station) until 1622. During the time of the Thirty Years' War, two new fortifications \u2013 the so-called big and small Schanze (entrenchment) \u2013 were built to protect the whole area of the peninsula."}], ["Bern Berne [Jerman]: Berne [b\u025b\u0281n]; Bahasa Itali: Berna [b\u025brna]; Romansh: Berna [b\u025brn\u0250] (bantuan \u00b7 info) Bernese German: B\u00e4rn [ b\u0325\u00e6\u02d0rn]) adalah ibukota de facto Switzerland, yang dirujuk oleh Swiss sebagai Bundesstadt (contohnya dalam bahasa Jerman) atau \"kota persekutuan.\" [Nota 1] Dengan penduduk 140,634 (November 2015) bandar yang ramai di Switzerland. Aglomerasi Bern, yang merangkumi 36 majlis perbandaran, mempunyai penduduk 406,900 pada tahun 2014. Kawasan metropolitan mempunyai penduduk 660,000 pada tahun 2000. Bern juga merupakan ibu kota Kanton Bern, yang kedua paling ramai penduduk kanton Switzerland. <> Di mana Bern terletak? || Switzerland <> Berapa banyak perbandaran di Bern? || 36 <> Bern ialah capitol di mana canton? || Kanton Bern <> Di manakah kedudukan Bern di pedagang di Switzerland? || kedua", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is Bern located? ", "id": "56e85f6300c9c71400d77667", "answers": [{"text": "Switzerland", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many municiplaities are in Bern?", "id": "56e85f6300c9c71400d77669", "answers": [{"text": "36", "answer_start": 455}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bern is the capitol of which canton?", "id": "56e85f6300c9c71400d7766a", "answers": [{"text": "Canton of Bern", "answer_start": 602}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does Bern rank in population in Switzerland?", "id": "56e85f6300c9c71400d7766b", "answers": [{"text": "second", "answer_start": 622}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city of Bern or Berne (German: Bern, pronounced [b\u025brn] ( listen); French: Berne [b\u025b\u0281n]; Italian: Berna [\u02c8b\u025brna]; Romansh: Berna  [\u02c8b\u025brn\u0250] (help\u00b7info); Bernese German: B\u00e4rn [b\u0325\u00e6\u02d0rn]) is the de facto capital of Switzerland, referred to by the Swiss as their (e.g. in German) Bundesstadt, or \"federal city\".[note 1] With a population of 140,634 (November 2015), Bern is the fifth most populous city in Switzerland. The Bern agglomeration, which includes 36 municipalities, had a population of 406,900 in 2014. The metropolitan area had a population of 660,000 in 2000. Bern is also the capital of the Canton of Bern, the second most populous of Switzerland's cantons."}], ["Etimologi nama Bern tidak pasti. Menurut legenda tempatan, berdasarkan etimologi rakyat, Berchtold V, Duke of Z\u00e4hringen, pengasas kota Bern, bersumpah untuk menamakan kota itu selepas binatang pertama yang dia temui di perburuan, dan ini menjadi beruang. Ia telah lama dianggap bahawa bandar itu dinamakan sempena kota Verona di Itali, yang pada masa itu dikenali sebagai Bern di Middle High German. Hasil daripada penemuan tablet zink Bern pada tahun 1980-an, kini lebih umum untuk mengandaikan bahawa bandar itu dinamakan sempena nama puncak asal Celtic, mungkin * berna \"cleft\". Beruang itu adalah haiwan heraldik meterai dan kot senjata Bern dari sekurang-kurangnya 1220-an. Rujukan terawal untuk menjaga beruang hidup di B\u00e4rengraben bermula pada tahun 1440an. <> Haiwan apa yang ada pada meterai dan kot senjata Bern? || beruang <> Apa haiwan hidup yang mereka teruskan di B\u00e4rengraben? || beruang <> Apa yang paling awal mereka terus hidup beruang di B\u00e4rengraben? || 1440s.", {"qas": [{"question": "What animal is on the seal and coat of arms of Bern?", "id": "56e861d000c9c71400d7767b", "answers": [{"text": "bear", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What live animals did they keep in the B\u00e4rengraben?", "id": "56e861d000c9c71400d7767c", "answers": [{"text": "bears", "answer_start": 749}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the earliest that they kept live bears in the B\u00e4rengraben?", "id": "56e861d000c9c71400d7767d", "answers": [{"text": "1440s.", "answer_start": 787}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The etymology of the name Bern is uncertain. According to the local legend, based on folk etymology, Berchtold V, Duke of Z\u00e4hringen, the founder of the city of Bern, vowed to name the city after the first animal he met on the hunt, and this turned out to be a bear. It has long been considered likely that the city was named after the Italian city of Verona, which at the time was known as Bern in Middle High German. As a result of the find of the Bern zinc tablet in the 1980s, it is now more common to assume that the city was named after a pre-existing toponym of Celtic origin, possibly *berna \"cleft\". The bear was the heraldic animal of the seal and coat of arms of Bern from at least the 1220s. The earliest reference to the keeping of live bears in the B\u00e4rengraben dates to the 1440s."}], ["Sesi Parlimen Kota adalah awam. Tidak seperti anggota Majlis Bandaraya, anggota Parlimen Bandar bukanlah ahli politik oleh profesion, dan mereka dibayar dengan bayaran berdasarkan kehadiran mereka. Mana-mana pemastautin Bern dibenarkan untuk mengundi boleh dipilih sebagai ahli Parlimen Bandar Raya. Parlimen mengadakan mesyuaratnya di Stadthaus (Dewan Bandaran). <> Adakah sesi Parlimen Bandaraya bersendirian atau awam? || awam", {"qas": [{"question": "Are the sessions of City Parliament private or public?", "id": "56e875710b45c0140094ccb7", "answers": [{"text": "public", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The sessions of the City Parliament are public. Unlike members of the City Council, members of the City Parliament are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Bern allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Parliament. The parliament holds its meetings in the Stadthaus (Town Hall)."}], ["Bern dibina di atas tanah yang tidak rata. Terdapat perbezaan ketinggian beberapa meter antara daerah bandar dalam di Aare (Matte, Marzili) dan yang lebih tinggi (Kirchenfeld, L\u00e4nggasse). <> Jenis tanah apa yang dibina Bern? || tanah yang tidak rata. <> Apakah perbezaan ketinggian antara bandar-bandar dalam dan bandar-bandar lain? || beberapa meter <> Bandar manakah lebih tinggi, Matte atau Langgasse? || L\u00e4nggasse", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of ground was Bern built on?", "id": "56e8711499e8941900975e1b", "answers": [{"text": "uneven ground.", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the elevation difference between the inner cities and the other cities?", "id": "56e8711499e8941900975e1c", "answers": [{"text": "several metres", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which city is higher, Matte or Langgasse?", "id": "56e8711499e8941900975e1d", "answers": [{"text": "L\u00e4nggasse", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bern is built on very uneven ground. There is an elevation difference of several metres between the inner city districts on the Aare (Matte, Marzili) and the higher ones (Kirchenfeld, L\u00e4nggasse)."}], ["Bandar ini pada asalnya dibina di atas semenanjung berbukit yang dikelilingi oleh Sungai Aare, tetapi mengatasi sempadan semula jadi pada abad ke-19. Sejumlah jambatan telah dibina untuk membenarkan bandar berkembang melangkaui Aare. <> Apa semenanjungnya terletak di Bern? || Aare <> Apa yang dibina untuk membantu Bern tumbuh lebih besar daripada peninula? || jambatan <> Berapa abad Bern menyeberangi semenanjung? || abad ke-19", {"qas": [{"question": "What peninsula is Bern located on?", "id": "56e870a999e8941900975e13", "answers": [{"text": "Aare", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was built to help Bern grow bigger than the peninula?", "id": "56e870a999e8941900975e15", "answers": [{"text": "bridges", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What century did Bern outgrow the peninsula?", "id": "56e870a999e8941900975e16", "answers": [{"text": "19th century", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city was originally built on a hilly peninsula surrounded by the River Aare, but outgrew natural boundaries by the 19th century. A number of bridges have been built to allow the city to expand beyond the Aare."}], ["Sebilangan kongres-universiti Pertama dan Kedua Antarabangsa telah diadakan di Bern, terutamanya semasa Perang Dunia I ketika Switzerland bersikap netral; lihat Bern International. <> Apa kongres diadakan di Bern? || Antarabangsa Pertama dan Kedua <> Dalam Perang Dunia I, apakah pihak Switzerland? || Switzerland adalah neutral", {"qas": [{"question": "What congresses were held in Bern?", "id": "56e86dc299e8941900975dfc", "answers": [{"text": "First and Second Internationals", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In World War I, what side was Switzerland on?", "id": "56e86dc299e8941900975dfd", "answers": [{"text": "Switzerland was neutral", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A number of congresses of the socialist First and Second Internationals were held in Bern, particularly during World War I when Switzerland was neutral; see Bern International."}], ["Parlimen Bandaraya (de: Stadtrat, fr: Conseil de ville) memegang kuasa perundangan. Ia terdiri daripada 80 ahli, dengan pemilihan diadakan setiap empat tahun. Parlimen Kota menetapkan peraturan dan undang-undang yang dilaksanakan oleh Majlis Bandaraya dan pentadbiran. Perwakilan dipilih melalui sistem perwakilan berkadar. <> Siapa yang memegang kuasa perundangan? || Parlimen Bandar <> Berapa ramai ahli adalah sebahagian daripada Parlimen Bandar? || 80 <> Berapa kerapkah pilihan raya diadakan untuk Parlimen Bandar? || setiap empat tahun.", {"qas": [{"question": "Who holds the legislative power?", "id": "56e874d50b45c0140094ccaf", "answers": [{"text": "The City Parliament", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many members are part of the City Parliament?", "id": "56e874d50b45c0140094ccb0", "answers": [{"text": "80", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How often are elections held for the City Parliament?", "id": "56e874d50b45c0140094ccb1", "answers": [{"text": "every four years.", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The City Parliament (de: Stadtrat, fr: Conseil de ville) holds legislative power. It is made up of 80 members, with elections held every four years. The City Parliament decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by the City Council and the administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of proportional representation."}], ["Penduduk bandar ini meningkat dari sekitar 5,000 pada abad ke-15 hingga sekitar 12,000 pada tahun 1800 dan ke atas 60,000 pada tahun 1900, melewati 100.000 mark pada tahun 1920-an. Populasi memuncak pada tahun 1960-an pada 165,000, dan sejak itu menurun sedikit, kepada kurang daripada 130,000 menjelang tahun 2000. Sehingga Oktober 2015, penduduk bermastautin berada pada 140,634, di mana 100,634 adalah warga Swiss dan 40,000 (30%) warga asing. Dianggarkan lebih 350,000 orang tinggal di aglomerasi bandar segera. <> Berapa peratus daripada populatin penduduk asing Bern? || 30%", {"qas": [{"question": "What percent of the populatin of Bern resident foreigners?", "id": "56e86f5b99e8941900975e04", "answers": [{"text": "30%", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city's population rose from about 5,000 in the 15th century to about 12,000 by 1800 and to above 60,000 by 1900, passing the 100,000 mark during the 1920s. Population peaked during the 1960s at 165,000, and has since decreased slightly, to below 130,000 by 2000. As of October 2015, the resident population stood at 140,634, of which 100,634 were Swiss citizens and 40,000 (30%) resident foreigners. A further estimated 350,000 people live in the immediate urban agglomeration."}], ["Bern terletak di dataran tinggi Switzerland di Kanton Bern, sedikit di barat pusat Switzerland dan 20 km (12 mi) di utara Alp Bernese. Kampung sekitar Bern dibentuk oleh glasier semasa Zaman Ais paling terkini. Dua gunung yang paling dekat dengan Bern adalah Gurten dengan ketinggian 864 m (2,835 kaki) dan Bantiger dengan ketinggian 947 m (3,107 kaki). Tapak pemerhatian lama di Bern adalah titik asal sistem koordinat CH1903 pada 46 \u00b0 57'08.66 \"N 7 \u00b0 26'22.50\" E / 46.9524056 \u00b0 N 7.4395833 \u00b0 E / 46.9524056; 7.4395833. <> Di mana Bern terletak? || dataran tinggi Swiss di Kanton Bern <> Apa yang membantu membentuk kawasan desa Bern? || glasier <> Apa gunanya gunung tertinggi di Bern? || Bantiger", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is Bern located?", "id": "56e8701b99e8941900975e0b", "answers": [{"text": "the Swiss plateau in the Canton of Bern", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What helped form the Bern countryside?", "id": "56e8701b99e8941900975e0c", "answers": [{"text": "glaciers", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the tallest mountain closests to Bern?", "id": "56e8701b99e8941900975e0e", "answers": [{"text": "Bantiger", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bern lies on the Swiss plateau in the Canton of Bern, slightly west of the centre of Switzerland and 20 km (12 mi) north of the Bernese Alps. The countryside around Bern was formed by glaciers during the most recent Ice Age. The two mountains closest to Bern are Gurten with a height of 864 m (2,835 ft) and Bantiger with a height of 947 m (3,107 ft). The site of the old observatory in Bern is the point of origin of the CH1903 coordinate system at 46\u00b057\u203208.66\u2033N 7\u00b026\u203222.50\u2033E\ufeff / \ufeff46.9524056\u00b0N 7.4395833\u00b0E\ufeff / 46.9524056; 7.4395833."}], ["Bern mempunyai kawasan, pada tahun 2009 [kemas kini], 51.62 kilometer persegi (19.93 meter persegi). Dari kawasan ini, 9.79 kilometer persegi (3.78 meter persegi) atau 19.0% digunakan untuk tujuan pertanian, sementara 17.33 kilometer persegi (6.69 meter persegi) atau 33.6% adalah hutan. Di seluruh tanah, 23.25 kilometer persegi (8.98 meter persegi) atau 45.0% diselesaikan (bangunan atau jalan raya), 1.06 kilometer persegi (0.41 meter persegi) atau 2.1% adalah sama ada sungai atau tasik dan 0.16 kilometer persegi (0.062 meter persegi) ) atau 0.3% adalah tanah yang tidak produktif. <> Apakah 33.6% tanah di Bern? || berhutan <> Bilakah kali terakhir kawasan Bern diukur? || 2009", {"qas": [{"question": "What is 33.6% of the land in Bern?", "id": "56e871f40b45c0140094cc9d", "answers": [{"text": "forested", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the last time the area of Bern was measured?", "id": "56e871f40b45c0140094cc9f", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bern has an area, as of 2009[update], of 51.62 square kilometers (19.93 sq mi). Of this area, 9.79 square kilometers (3.78 sq mi) or 19.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 17.33 square kilometers (6.69 sq mi) or 33.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 23.25 square kilometers (8.98 sq mi) or 45.0% is settled (buildings or roads), 1.06 square kilometers (0.41 sq mi) or 2.1% is either rivers or lakes and 0.16 square kilometers (0.062 sq mi) or 0.3% is unproductive land."}], ["Pada tahun 2015, Majlis Bandaraya Bern terdiri daripada dua wakil SP (Parti Sosial Demokratik, yang juga seorang Datuk Bandar), dan satu daripada CVP (Parti Demokratik Kristian), GB (Green Alliance of Berne), dan FDP (FDP.The Liberals), memberikan pihak kiri majoriti tiga daripada lima kerusi. Pemilihan terakhir telah diadakan pada 25 November 2012. <> Siapa yang mempunyai majoriti kerusi di Majlis Bandaraya Bern? || pihak kiri <> Parti apa juga yang mempunyai Datuk Bandar pada 2015? || Parti Demokratik Sosial <> Apakah Parti Demokratik Kristian juga dikenali sebagai? || CVP", {"qas": [{"question": "Who has the majority of the seats in Bern's City Council?", "id": "56e874800b45c0140094cca8", "answers": [{"text": "left parties", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What party also had the mayor as of 2015?", "id": "56e874800b45c0140094cca9", "answers": [{"text": "Social Democratic Party", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Christian Democratic Party also known as?", "id": "56e874800b45c0140094ccaa", "answers": [{"text": "CVP", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As of 2015, Bern's City Council is made up of two representatives of the SP (Social Democratic Party, of whom one is also the mayor), and one each of CVP (Christian Democratic Party), GB (Green Alliance of Berne), and FDP (FDP.The Liberals), giving the left parties a majority of three out of five seats. The last election was held on 25 November 2012."}], ["Majlis Bandaraya (Gemeinderat) merupakan kerajaan eksekutif Kota Bern dan beroperasi sebagai pihak berkuasa kolej. Ia terdiri daripada lima ahli majlis (German: Gemeinderat / -r\u00e4tin), masing-masing mempengerusikan pengarah (Direktion) yang terdiri daripada beberapa jabatan dan biro. Presiden jabatan eksekutif bertindak sebagai Datuk Bandar (Stadtpr\u00e4sident). Dalam tempoh mandat 2013-2016 (Legislatur) Majlis Bandaraya dipengerusikan oleh Stadtpr\u00e4sident Alexander Tsch\u00e4pp\u00e4t. Tugas-tugas Jabatan, langkah-langkah koordinasi dan pelaksanaan undang-undang yang ditetapkan oleh Parlimen Kota dibawa oleh Majlis Bandaraya. Pilihan raya tetap Majlis Bandaraya oleh mana-mana penduduk yang sah untuk mengundi diadakan setiap empat tahun. Mana-mana pemastautin Bern dibenarkan untuk mengundi boleh dipilih sebagai ahli Majlis Bandaraya. Perwakilan dipilih melalui sistem Majorz. Datuk Bandar dipilih sama seperti pilihan raya umum sementara ketua-ketua pengarah lain ditugaskan oleh kolej. Badan eksekutif memegang perjumpaannya di Erlacherhof, yang dibina oleh arkitek Albrecht St\u00fcrler selepas 1747. <> Bagaimana pemerintahan Bern beroperasi? || sebagai pihak berkuasa kolej. <> Berapa banyak ahli majlis di sana? || lima <> Siapa Datuk Bandar Bern, atau Stadtprasident? || Alexander Tsch\u00e4pp\u00e4t <> Bagaimana selepas pemilihan? || setiap empat tahun. <> Di mana badan eksekutif diadakan? || di Erlacherhof", {"qas": [{"question": "How does the government of Bern operate?", "id": "56e8733699e8941900975e21", "answers": [{"text": "as a collegiate authority.", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many councilors are there?", "id": "56e8733699e8941900975e22", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is Bern's mayor, or Stadtprasident?", "id": "56e8733699e8941900975e23", "answers": [{"text": "Alexander Tsch\u00e4pp\u00e4t", "answer_start": 448}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How after are the elections?", "id": "56e8733699e8941900975e24", "answers": [{"text": "every four years.", "answer_start": 683}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the executive body held?", "id": "56e8733699e8941900975e25", "answers": [{"text": "in the Erlacherhof", "answer_start": 1013}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The City Council (Gemeinderat) constitutes the executive government of the City of Bern and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of five councilors (German: Gemeinderat/-r\u00e4tin), each presiding over a directorate (Direktion) comprising several departments and bureaus. The president of the executive department acts as mayor (Stadtpr\u00e4sident). In the mandate period 2013\u20132016 (Legislatur) the City Council is presided by Stadtpr\u00e4sident Alexander Tsch\u00e4pp\u00e4t. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the City Parliament are carried by the City Council. The regular election of the City Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every four years. Any resident of Bern allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Council. The delegates are selected by means of a system of Majorz. The mayor is elected as such as well by public election while the heads of the other directorates are assigned by the collegiate. The executive body holds its meetings in the Erlacherhof, built by architect Albrecht St\u00fcrler after 1747."}], ["Pada tahun 2000 [kemas kini], kanak-kanak dan remaja (0-19 tahun) membentuk 15.1% daripada populasi, manakala orang dewasa (20-64 tahun) membentuk 65% dan senior (lebih 64 tahun) membentuk 19.9% . <> Berapakah peratus penduduk berusia 19 tahun ke bawah? || 15.1% <> Berapakah jumlah penduduk di antara 20-64? || 65% <> Berapa peratus daripada penduduk lebih daripada 64 tahun? || 19.9% <> Apakah kumpulan umur mempunyai sebahagian besar penduduk? || dewasa", {"qas": [{"question": "What percent of the population are 19 years old and under?", "id": "56e87ebf99e8941900975e3b", "answers": [{"text": "15.1%", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percent of the population are between 20-64?", "id": "56e87ebf99e8941900975e3c", "answers": [{"text": "65%", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percent of the population are over 64 years old?", "id": "56e87ebf99e8941900975e3d", "answers": [{"text": "19.9%", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What age group has most of the population included?", "id": "56e87ebf99e8941900975e3e", "answers": [{"text": "adults", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As of 2000[update], children and teenagers (0\u201319 years old) make up 15.1% of the population, while adults (20\u201364 years old) make up 65% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.9%."}], ["Sehingga tahun 2000 [kemas kini], terdapat 59,948 orang yang tunggal dan tidak pernah berkahwin di perbandaran. Terdapat 49,873 individu berkahwin, 9,345 balu atau duda dan 9,468 individu yang bercerai. <> Berapa ramai orang yang tunggal di Bern pada tahun 2000? || 59,948 <> Berapa ramai yang telah berkahwin di Bern pada tahun 2000? || 49,873 <> Berapa ramai orang janda atau duda di Bern pada tahun 2000? || 9,468 <> Di mana terdapat lebih ramai orang berkahwin atau tunggal di Bern pada tahun 2000? || tunggal", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people were single in Bern in 2000?", "id": "56e87f7f0b45c0140094ccdb", "answers": [{"text": "59,948", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were married in Bern in 2000?", "id": "56e87f7f0b45c0140094ccdc", "answers": [{"text": "49,873", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were widows or widowers in Bern in 2000?", "id": "56e87f7f0b45c0140094ccdd", "answers": [{"text": "9,468", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where there more married or single people in Bern in 2000?", "id": "56e87f7f0b45c0140094ccde", "answers": [{"text": "single", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As of 2000[update], there were 59,948 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 49,873 married individuals, 9,345 widows or widowers and 9,468 individuals who are divorced."}], ["Majlis bandar raya kota Bern memutuskan untuk tidak mempunyai bandar berkembar kecuali sementara (semasa UEFA Euro 2008) kerjasama dengan bandar Austria Salzburg <> Apa keputusan bandar lagi? || mempunyai bandar berkembar <> Bilakah mereka mempunyai bandar berkembar sementara? || semasa UEFA Euro 2008 <> Apa bandar berkembar dengan Bern pada tahun 2008? || Salzburg <> Negara apakah Salzburg? || Austria", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the city decide again?", "id": "56e87d480b45c0140094ccc9", "answers": [{"text": "having twinned cities", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did they have a temporary twinned city?", "id": "56e87d480b45c0140094ccca", "answers": [{"text": "during the UEFA Euro 2008", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the twinning city with Bern in 2008?", "id": "56e87d480b45c0140094cccb", "answers": [{"text": "Salzburg", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country is Salzburg in?", "id": "56e87d480b45c0140094cccc", "answers": [{"text": "Austrian", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city council of the city of Bern decided against having twinned cities except for a temporary (during the UEFA Euro 2008) cooperation with the Austrian city Salzburg"}], ["Kebanyakan penduduk (seperti 2000 [kemas kini]) bercakap Jerman (104,465 atau 81.2%) sebagai bahasa pertamanya, bahasa Itali adalah yang paling umum kedua (5,062 atau 3.9%) dan Perancis adalah yang ketiga (4,671 atau 3.6%). Terdapat 171 orang yang berbahasa Romansh. <> Apakah bahasa utama Bern? || Bahasa Jerman <> Bahasa kedua yang paling biasa? || Itali <> Berapa peratus penduduk berbahasa Jerman? || 81.2%", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the main lanuage of Bern?", "id": "56e87c2d99e8941900975e33", "answers": [{"text": "German", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the second most common language?", "id": "56e87c2d99e8941900975e34", "answers": [{"text": "Italian", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percent of the population speaks German?", "id": "56e87c2d99e8941900975e36", "answers": [{"text": "81.2%", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaks German (104,465 or 81.2%) as their first language, Italian is the second most common (5,062 or 3.9%) and French is the third (4,671 or 3.6%). There are 171 people who speak Romansh."}], ["Pada tahun 2008 [kemas kini], jumlah penduduk adalah 47.5% lelaki dan 52.5% wanita. Penduduknya terdiri daripada 44,032 lelaki Swiss (35.4% daripada populasi) dan 15.092 (12.1%) lelaki bukan Swiss. Terdapat 51,531 wanita Swiss (41.4%) dan 13,726 (11.0%) wanita bukan Swiss. Daripada penduduk di perbandaran, 39,008 atau kira-kira 30.3% dilahirkan di Bern dan tinggal di sana pada tahun 2000. Terdapat 27,573 atau 21.4% yang dilahirkan di kanton yang sama, sementara 25.818 atau 20.1% dilahirkan di tempat lain di Switzerland, dan 27.812 atau 21.6% dilahirkan di luar Switzerland. <> Berapa ramai lelaki Switzerland tinggal di Bern? || 35.4% <> Berapa peratus penduduk dilahirkan di tempat lain di Switzerland? || 20.1% <> Sebanyak peratus dilahirkan di luar Switzerland? || 21.6%", {"qas": [{"question": "How many Swiss men live in Bern?", "id": "56e87dae0b45c0140094ccd2", "answers": [{"text": "35.4%", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percent of the population is born somewhere else in Switzerland?", "id": "56e87dae0b45c0140094ccd4", "answers": [{"text": "20.1%", "answer_start": 430}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percent were born outside of Switzerland?", "id": "56e87dae0b45c0140094ccd5", "answers": [{"text": "21.6%", "answer_start": 491}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As of 2008[update], the population was 47.5% male and 52.5% female. The population was made up of 44,032 Swiss men (35.4% of the population) and 15,092 (12.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 51,531 Swiss women (41.4%) and 13,726 (11.0%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 39,008 or about 30.3% were born in Bern and lived there in 2000. There were 27,573 or 21.4% who were born in the same canton, while 25,818 or 20.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 27,812 or 21.6% were born outside of Switzerland."}], ["Sehingga tahun 2000 [kemas kini], terdapat 67,115 isirumah swasta di perbandaran, dan purata 1.8 orang bagi setiap isi rumah. Terdapat 34,981 isi rumah yang terdiri daripada hanya satu orang dan 1,592 isi rumah dengan lima atau lebih orang. Pada tahun 2000 [kemas kini], sejumlah 65,538 pangsapuri (90.6% daripada jumlah keseluruhan) telah diduduki secara tetap, manakala 5,352 pangsapuri (7.4%) diduduki secara bermusim dan 1,444 pangsapuri (2.0%) kosong. Sehingga tahun 2009 [kemas kini], kadar pembinaan unit rumah baru adalah 1.2 unit baru bagi setiap 1000 penduduk. <> Apakah purata orang setiap isi rumah di Bern? || 1.8 orang <> Berapa banyak rumah tangga mempunyai 5 atau lebih orang yang tinggal di dalamnya? || 1,592 <> Sebanyak peratus rumah pangsapuri di Bern diduduki pada tahun 2000? || 90.6% <> Apa peratus pangsapuri pangsapuri bermusim? || 7.4%", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the average of people per household in Bern?", "id": "56e8800d0b45c0140094cce4", "answers": [{"text": "1.8 persons", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many households have 5 or more people living in them?", "id": "56e8800d0b45c0140094cce5", "answers": [{"text": "1,592", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the apartment homes in Bern were occupied in 2000?", "id": "56e8800d0b45c0140094cce6", "answers": [{"text": "90.6%", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percent of apartments are seasonal apartments?", "id": "56e8800d0b45c0140094cce7", "answers": [{"text": "7.4%", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As of 2000[update], there were 67,115 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.8 persons per household. There were 34,981 households that consist of only one person and 1,592 households with five or more people. In 2000[update], a total of 65,538 apartments (90.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 5,352 apartments (7.4%) were seasonally occupied and 1,444 apartments (2.0%) were empty. As of 2009[update], the construction rate of new housing units was 1.2 new units per 1000 residents."}], ["Bern mempunyai penduduk 140,634 orang dan 34% daripada penduduk adalah warga asing yang tinggal. Selama 10 tahun antara 2000 dan 2010, penduduk berubah pada kadar 0.6%. Migrasi menyumbang 1.3%, manakala kelahiran dan kematian menyumbang -2.1%. <> Apakah populasi Bern? || 140,634 <> Berapakah peratus penduduknya adalah warganegara asing? || 34% <> Apakah perubahan penduduk dari 2000 dan 2010? || .6% <> Apa yang menghitung lebih banyak perubahan penduduk? || kelahiran dan kematian", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the population of Bern?", "id": "56e87bde99e8941900975e2b", "answers": [{"text": "140,634", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percent of the population are resident foreign nationals?", "id": "56e87bde99e8941900975e2c", "answers": [{"text": "34%", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the population change from 2000 and 2010?", "id": "56e87bde99e8941900975e2d", "answers": [{"text": ".6%", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What counted for more of the population change?", "id": "56e87bde99e8941900975e2e", "answers": [{"text": "births and deaths", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bern has a population of 140,634 people and 34% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the 10 years between 2000 and 2010, the population changed at a rate of 0.6%. Migration accounted for 1.3%, while births and deaths accounted for \u22122.1%."}], ["Pada 2003 [mengemaskini] harga purata untuk menyewa pangsapuri purata di Bern adalah 1108.92 franc Swiss (CHF) sebulan (AS $ 890, \u00a3 500, \u20ac 710 lebih kurang kadar pertukaran dari tahun 2003). Kadar purata untuk sebuah apartmen satu bilik ialah 619.82 CHF (US $ 500, \u00a3 280, \u20ac 400), apartmen dua bilik adalah kira-kira 879.36 CHF (US $ 700, \u00a3 400, \u20ac 560), apartmen tiga bilik adalah kira-kira 1040.54 CHF (US $ 830, \u00a3 470, \u20ac 670) dan apartmen enam atau lebih bilik kos purata 2094.80 CHF (US $ 1680, \u00a3 940, \u20ac 1340). Harga apartmen purata di Bern adalah 99.4% daripada purata kebangsaan 1116 CHF. Kadar kekosongan untuk perbandaran, pada 2010 [kemas kini], ialah 0.45%. <> Apakah harga purata untuk menyewa apartmen purata di Bern? || 1108.92 Franc Swiss <> Apakah kadar kekosongan untuk Bern pada tahun 2010? || .45%", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the average price to rent an average apartment in Bern?", "id": "56e880ec99e8941900975e43", "answers": [{"text": "1108.92 Swiss francs", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the vacancy rate for Bern in 2010?", "id": "56e880ec99e8941900975e46", "answers": [{"text": ".45%", "answer_start": 610}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As of 2003[update] the average price to rent an average apartment in Bern was 1108.92 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$890, \u00a3500, \u20ac710 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 619.82 CHF (US$500, \u00a3280, \u20ac400), a two-room apartment was about 879.36 CHF (US$700, \u00a3400, \u20ac560), a three-room apartment was about 1040.54 CHF (US$830, \u00a3470, \u20ac670) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 2094.80 CHF (US$1680, \u00a3940, \u20ac1340). The average apartment price in Bern was 99.4% of the national average of 1116 CHF. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010[update], was 0.45%."}], ["Dari bancian tahun 2000 [kemas kini], 60.455 atau 47.0% milik Gereja Reformed Switzerland, manakala 31.510 atau 24.5% adalah Katolik Rom. Daripada jumlah penduduk yang lain, terdapat 1,874 anggota gereja Ortodoks (atau kira-kira 1.46% daripada penduduk), terdapat 229 orang (atau kira-kira 0.18% penduduk) yang berasal dari Gereja Katolik Kristian, dan terdapat 5,531 orang (atau kira-kira 4.30% penduduk) yang dipunyai oleh gereja Kristian lain. Terdapat 324 orang (atau kira-kira 0.25% daripada penduduk) yang merupakan Yahudi, dan 4,907 (atau kira-kira 3.81% daripada penduduk) yang beragama Islam. Terdapat 629 orang Buddha, 1,430 orang Hindu dan 177 orang yang dipunyai oleh gereja lain. 16,363 (atau kira-kira 12.72% daripada penduduk) tidak mempunyai gereja, adalah agnostik atau atheis, dan 7,855 orang (atau kira-kira 6.11% penduduk) tidak menjawab soalan itu. Pada 14 Disember 2014, Haus der Religionen telah dirasmikan. <> Berapa peratus penduduknya adalah Katolik Roman? || 24.5% <> Berapa banyak penduduk Yahudi dalam Bern? || .25% <> Berapa ramai muslim yang ada di Bern pada tahun 2000? || 4,907 <> Berapa banyak penduduk yang tidak mempunyai agama? || 12.72%", {"qas": [{"question": "What percent of the population were Roman Catholic?", "id": "56e8845b99e8941900975e4c", "answers": [{"text": "24.5%", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of the population is Jewish in Bern?", "id": "56e8845b99e8941900975e4d", "answers": [{"text": ".25%", "answer_start": 487}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many muslims were there in Bern in 2000?", "id": "56e8845b99e8941900975e4e", "answers": [{"text": "4,907", "answer_start": 532}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of the population had no religion?", "id": "56e8845b99e8941900975e4f", "answers": [{"text": "12.72%", "answer_start": 726}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From the 2000 census[update], 60,455 or 47.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 31,510 or 24.5% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 1,874 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.46% of the population), there were 229 persons (or about 0.18% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 5,531 persons (or about 4.30% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 324 persons (or about 0.25% of the population) who were Jewish, and 4,907 (or about 3.81% of the population) who were Muslim. There were 629 persons who were Buddhist, 1,430 persons who were Hindu and 177 persons who belonged to another church. 16,363 (or about 12.72% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 7,855 persons (or about 6.11% of the population) did not answer the question. On 14 December 2014 the Haus der Religionen was inaugurated."}], ["Pilihan raya tetap terakhir Parlimen Kota telah diadakan pada 25 November 2012 untuk tempoh mandat (Jerman: Legislatur, Perancis: la laislaman) dari 2013 hingga 2016. Pada masa ini, Parlimen Kota terdiri daripada 23 orang ahli Parti Sosial Demokratik (SP / PS 11 Parti Rakyat Swiss (SVP / UDC), 8 Perikatan Hijau Berne (GB), 8 Gr\u00fcne Freie Liste (GFL) (Senarai Percuma Hijau), 7 Liberal (FDP / PLR), 7 Parti Demokratik Konservatif (BDP / Parti Rakyat Demokratik Kristian (CVP / PDC), 2 Parti Rakyat Evangelis (EVP / PEV), 1 Alternatif Junge (JA!) (Atau Alternatif Muda), 1 Gr\u00fcne Partei Bern - Alternatif Demokratische (GPB-DA) (atau Parti Hijau Bern - Alternatif Demokratik), 1 Parti Buruh Switzerland (PdA), 1 Alternate Linke Bern (AL) dan akhirnya seorang yang bebas. Pihak-pihak berikut menggabungkan kuasa parlimen mereka dalam kumpulan parlimen (Jerman: Fraktion (en)): Bebas dan AL dan GPB-DA dan PdA (4), SP (23), GB dan JA! (9), GFL dan EVP (10), GLP (7), BDP dan CVP (9), FDP (7), dan SVP (11). Ini memberi pihak kiri paling majoriti 46 kerusi. <> Pihak mana yang mempunyai majoriti mutlak kerusi? || pihak kiri <> Berapa banyak kerusi yang ada? || 46 <> Parti tertentu mana yang paling ahli di Parlimen Bandar? || Parti Demokratik Sosial", {"qas": [{"question": "Which party has the absolute majority of the seats?", "id": "56e87b7a0b45c0140094ccc2", "answers": [{"text": "left parties", "answer_start": 1060}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many seats are there?", "id": "56e87b7a0b45c0140094ccc3", "answers": [{"text": "46", "answer_start": 1097}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which specific party has the most members in the City Parliament?", "id": "56e87b7a0b45c0140094ccc4", "answers": [{"text": "Social Democratic Party", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The last regular election of the City Parliament was held on 25 November 2012 for the mandate period (German: Legislatur, French: la l\u00e9gislature) from 2013 to 2016. Currently the City Parliament consist of 23 members of the Social Democratic Party (SP/PS), 11 Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC), 8 Green Alliance of Berne (GB), 8 Gr\u00fcne Freie Liste (GFL) (Green Free List), 7 The Liberals (FDP/PLR), 7 Conservative Democratic Party (BDP/PBD), 7 Green Liberal Party (GLP/PVL), 2 Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC), 2 Evangelical People's Party (EVP/PEV), 1 Junge Alternative (JA!) (or Young Alternatives), 1 Gr\u00fcne Partei Bern - Demokratische Alternative (GPB-DA) (or Green Party Bern - Democratic Alternative), 1 Swiss Party of Labour (PdA), 1 Alternative Linke Bern (AL) and finally one independent. The following parties combine their parliamentary power in parliamentary groups (German: Fraktion(en)): Independent and AL and GPB-DA and PdA (4), SP (23), GB and JA! (9), GFL and EVP (10), GLP (7), BDP and CVP (9), FDP (7), and SVP (11). This gives the left parties an absolute majority of 46 seats."}], ["Albert Einstein tinggal di sebuah flat di Kramgasse 49, tapak Einsteinhaus, dari 1903 hingga 1905, tahun di mana Kertas Annus Mirabilis diterbitkan. <> Di mana Albert Einstein hidup? || Kramgasse 49 <> Apa yang telah diterbitkan pada tahun yang sama? || Kertas Annus Mirabilis <> Apa flat yang dipanggil Einstein? || Einsteinhaus", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is Albert Einstein live?", "id": "56e8887799e8941900975e6f", "answers": [{"text": "the Kramgasse 49", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was published the same years?", "id": "56e8887799e8941900975e71", "answers": [{"text": "Annus Mirabilis Papers", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the flat that Einstein called?", "id": "56e8887799e8941900975e72", "answers": [{"text": "Einsteinhaus", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Albert Einstein lived in a flat at the Kramgasse 49, the site of the Einsteinhaus, from 1903 to 1905, the year in which the Annus Mirabilis Papers were published."}], ["Istana Persekutuan (Bundeshaus), yang dibina dari 1857 hingga 1902, yang menempatkan parlimen negara, kerajaan dan sebahagian daripada pentadbiran persekutuan, juga boleh dikunjungi. <> Di mana parlimen negara ditempatkan? || Istana Persekutuan <> Apa yang dipanggil Istana Persekutuan? || Bundeshaus", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the national parliment housed?", "id": "56e887cd99e8941900975e69", "answers": [{"text": "The Federal Palace", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Federal Palace called?", "id": "56e887cd99e8941900975e6a", "answers": [{"text": "Bundeshaus", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Federal Palace (Bundeshaus), built from 1857 to 1902, which houses the national parliament, government and part of the federal administration, can also be visited."}], ["Bern mempunyai beberapa dozen pawagam. Seperti yang lazim di Switzerland, filem biasanya ditunjukkan dalam bahasa asalnya (mis., Inggeris) dengan sari kata Jerman dan Perancis. Hanya sebilangan kecil penyaringan yang dijuluki dalam bahasa Jerman. <> Subtitle apa yang disertakan dalam filem? || Sarikata Jerman dan Perancis", {"qas": [{"question": "What subtitles are included in the movies?", "id": "56e88fc799e8941900975e89", "answers": [{"text": "German and French subtitles", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bern has several dozen cinemas. As is customary in Switzerland, films are generally shown in their original language (e.g., English) with German and French subtitles. Only a small number of screenings are dubbed in German."}], ["Bern adalah tapak Piala Dunia 1954, satu kejutan besar untuk Pasukan Emas Hungary, yang dipukul oleh Jerman Barat 3-2. Pasukan bola sepak BSC Young Boys berpangkalan di Bern di Stade de Suisse Wankdorf, yang juga merupakan salah satu tempat untuk kejohanan bola sepak Eropah 2008 di mana ia menjadi tuan rumah 3 perlawanan. <> Tahun apakah Final Piala Dunia di Bern? || 1954 <> Siapa yang memenanginya? || Jerman Barat <> Apa pasukan bola sepak yang berpusat di Bern? || BSC Young Boys", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was the Football World Cup Final in Bern?", "id": "56e8904199e8941900975e8d", "answers": [{"text": "1954", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who won the game?", "id": "56e8904199e8941900975e8f", "answers": [{"text": "West Germany", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What football team is based in Bern?", "id": "56e8904199e8941900975e90", "answers": [{"text": "BSC Young Boys", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bern was the site of the 1954 Football (Soccer) World Cup Final, a huge upset for the Hungarian Golden Team, who were beaten 3\u20132 by West Germany. The football team BSC Young Boys is based in Bern at the Stade de Suisse Wankdorf, which also was one of the venues for the European football championship 2008 in which it hosted 3 matches."}], ["Rose Garden (Rosengarten), yang mana pemandangan panoramik pusat bandar zaman pertengahan dapat dinikmati, adalah Rosarium yang dipelihara di atas bukit, ditukar menjadi sebuah taman dari bekas tanah perkuburan pada tahun 1913. <> Apa itu Rose Garden juga dikenali sebagai? || Rosengarten <> Apa yang anda boleh lihat dari Rose Garden? || pandangan pusat bandar zaman pertengahan <> Apakah Rosarium ditukar? || sebuah taman <> Tahun berapa Rosarium ditukarkan? || 1913", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Rose Garden also known as?", "id": "56e888c799e8941900975e77", "answers": [{"text": "Rosengarten", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can you see from the Rose Garden?", "id": "56e888c799e8941900975e78", "answers": [{"text": "view of the medieval town centre", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Rosarium converted into?", "id": "56e888c799e8941900975e79", "answers": [{"text": "a park", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the Rosarium converted?", "id": "56e888c799e8941900975e7a", "answers": [{"text": "1913", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Rose Garden (Rosengarten), from which a scenic panoramic view of the medieval town centre can be enjoyed, is a well-kept Rosarium on a hill, converted into a park from a former cemetery in 1913."}], ["Terdapat sebelas patung allegorical Renaissance di mata air awam di Old Town. Hampir semua mata air abad ke-16, kecuali air pancut Z\u00e4hringer yang dicipta oleh Hans Hiltbrand, adalah karya tuan Friborg Hans Gieng. Salah satu air pancut yang lebih menarik ialah Kindlifresserbrunnen (Bernese German: Fountain Pemakan Anak tetapi sering diterjemahkan Ogre Fountain) yang dikatakan mewakili seorang Yahudi, tuhan Yunani Chronos atau tokoh Fastnacht yang menakutkan kanak-kanak yang tidak taat. <> Di manakah patung di Old Town? || air pancut awam <> Siapa yang takut kepada Kindlifresserbrunnen? || kanak-kanak yang tidak taat. <> Siapa yang menciptakan semua patung kecuali pancutan Zahringer? || Hans Hiltbrand", {"qas": [{"question": "Where are the statues at in the Old Town?", "id": "56e8898599e8941900975e80", "answers": [{"text": "public fountains", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does the Kindlifresserbrunnen scare?", "id": "56e8898599e8941900975e81", "answers": [{"text": "disobedient children.", "answer_start": 473}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created all the statues except the Zahringer fountain?", "id": "56e8898599e8941900975e82", "answers": [{"text": "Hans Hiltbrand", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are eleven Renaissance allegorical statues on public fountains in the Old Town. Nearly all the 16th century fountains, except the Z\u00e4hringer fountain which was created by Hans Hiltbrand, are the work of the Fribourg master Hans Gieng. One of the more interesting fountains is the Kindlifresserbrunnen (Bernese German: Child Eater Fountain but often translated Ogre Fountain) which is claimed to represent a Jew, the Greek god Chronos or a Fastnacht figure that scares disobedient children."}], ["SC Bern adalah pasukan hoki utama Bern yang bermain di Arena PostFinance. Pasukan itu menduduki tempat tertinggi untuk kehadiran pasukan hoki Eropah lebih daripada satu dekad. The PostFinance Arena merupakan tuan rumah utama Kejohanan Dunia Hoki Es II HF 2009, termasuk perlawanan pembukaan dan perlawanan akhir. <> Apakah pasukan liga hoki utama Bern? || SC Bern <> Di mana mereka bermain? || PostFinance Arena <> Tahun apakah Kejohanan Dunia Hoki Ais IIHF yang diadakan di Bern? || 2009", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the major hockey league team of Bern?", "id": "56e8909199e8941900975e95", "answers": [{"text": "SC Bern", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do they play?", "id": "56e8909199e8941900975e96", "answers": [{"text": "PostFinance Arena", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship held in Bern?", "id": "56e8909199e8941900975e98", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "SC Bern is the major ice hockey team of Bern who plays at the PostFinance Arena. The team has ranked highest in attendance for a European hockey team for more than a decade. The PostFinance Arena was the main host of the 2009 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship, including the opening game and the final of the tournament."}], ["Sejak abad ke-16, bandar ini mempunyai lubang beruang, B\u00e4rengraben, di ujung Nydeggbr\u00fccke untuk menempatkan haiwan heraldnya. Kini empat beruang kini disimpan di sebuah kandang terbuka di dekatnya, dan dua beruang muda lain, yang hadir oleh presiden Rusia, disimpan di zoo D\u00e4hlh\u00f6lzli. <> Apakah Barengraben itu? || a bear bear <> Di mana Barengraben terletak? || yang jauh dari Nydeggbr\u00fccke <> Apa yang diadakan di Barengraben? || binatang herald yang <> yang memberi Bern mereka beruang? || presiden Rusia <> Apa kebun binatang adalah beruang Bern? || Kebun binatang D\u00e4hlh\u00f6lzli", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Barengraben?", "id": "56e8879699e8941900975e5f", "answers": [{"text": "a bear pit", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Barengraben located?", "id": "56e8879699e8941900975e60", "answers": [{"text": "the far end of the Nydeggbr\u00fccke", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are held at the Barengraben?", "id": "56e8879699e8941900975e61", "answers": [{"text": "heraldic animals", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who gave Bern their bears?", "id": "56e8879699e8941900975e62", "answers": [{"text": "the Russian president", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What zoo are the bears of Bern kept?", "id": "56e8879699e8941900975e63", "answers": [{"text": "D\u00e4hlh\u00f6lzli zoo", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Since the 16th century, the city has had a bear pit, the B\u00e4rengraben, at the far end of the Nydeggbr\u00fccke to house its heraldic animals. The currently four bears are now kept in an open-air enclosure nearby, and two other young bears, a present by the Russian president, are kept in D\u00e4hlh\u00f6lzli zoo."}], ["Ia termasuk seluruh Old Town, yang juga merupakan Tapak Warisan Dunia UNESCO, dan banyak laman web di dalam dan di sekitarnya. Antara yang paling terkenal di Old Town ialah Cathedral yang bermula pada tahun 1421 dan merupakan katedral tertinggi di Switzerland, menara Zytglogge dan K\u00e4figturm, yang menandakan dua ekspedisi berturut-turut di Old Town, dan Gereja Holy Ghost, yang merupakan salah satu daripada gereja Reformasi Switzerland yang terbesar di Switzerland. Dalam Bandar Lama, terdapat sebelas air pancut abad ke-16, yang paling banyak dikaitkan dengan Hans Gieng, yang terdapat dalam senarai. <> Apakah UNESCO menganggap bandar Lama? || Tapak Warisan Dunia UNESCO <> Bilakah katedral terbesar di Switzerland dibina? || 1421 <> Apa gereja Reformasi Switzerland terbesar di Switzerland? || Gereja Roh Kudus <> Siapa yang dikaitkan dengan 11 air pancut di Old Town? || Hans Gieng", {"qas": [{"question": "What does the UNESCO consider the entre Old Town?", "id": "56e88a380b45c0140094cced", "answers": [{"text": "a UNESCO World Heritage Site", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the biggest cathedral in Switzerland built?", "id": "56e88a380b45c0140094ccee", "answers": [{"text": "1421", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the largest Swiss Reformed church in Switzerland?", "id": "56e88a380b45c0140094ccef", "answers": [{"text": "Holy Ghost Church", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is attributed to the 11 fountains in Old Town?", "id": "56e88a380b45c0140094ccf1", "answers": [{"text": "Hans Gieng", "answer_start": 514}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It includes the entire Old Town, which is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and many sites within and around it. Some of the most notable in the Old Town include the Cathedral which was started in 1421 and is the tallest cathedral in Switzerland, the Zytglogge and K\u00e4figturm towers, which mark two successive expansions of the Old Town, and the Holy Ghost Church, which is one of the largest Swiss Reformed churches in Switzerland. Within the Old Town, there are eleven 16th century fountains, most attributed to Hans Gieng, that are on the list."}], ["Struktur pusat bandar Bern adalah sebahagian besar zaman pertengahan dan telah diiktiraf oleh UNESCO sebagai Tapak Warisan Dunia Kebudayaan. Mungkin penglihatannya yang paling terkenal ialah Zytglogge (Bernese German untuk \"Time Bell\"), sebuah menara jam zaman pertengahan yang rumit dengan wayang yang bergerak. Ia juga mempunyai katedral Gothic abad ke-15, M\u00fcnster, dan dewan bandar abad ke-15. Terima kasih kepada arcades 6 kilometer (4 batu), bandar lama menawarkan salah satu promenade belanja tertutup terpanjang di Eropah. <> Struktur pusat bandar Bern terutamanya jenis bangunan apa? || abad pertengahan <> Apa yang diiktiraf oleh UNESCO sebagai pusat bandar Bern? || Tapak Warisan Dunia Kebudayaan <> Apakah laman Berns paling terkenal? || Zytglogge <> Apakah nama katedral abad ke-15? || M\u00fcnster <> Jenis katedral macam mana? || Gothic", {"qas": [{"question": "The structure of Bern's city centre is mainly what type of buildings?", "id": "56e8862699e8941900975e55", "answers": [{"text": "medieval", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does UNESCO recognised Bern's city center to be?", "id": "56e8862699e8941900975e56", "answers": [{"text": "a Cultural World Heritage Site", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Berns most famous site?", "id": "56e8862699e8941900975e57", "answers": [{"text": "Zytglogge", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the 15th century cathedral?", "id": "56e8862699e8941900975e58", "answers": [{"text": "M\u00fcnster", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of cathedral is Muster?", "id": "56e8862699e8941900975e59", "answers": [{"text": "Gothic", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The structure of Bern's city centre is largely medieval and has been recognised by UNESCO as a Cultural World Heritage Site. Perhaps its most famous sight is the Zytglogge (Bernese German for \"Time Bell\"), an elaborate medieval clock tower with moving puppets. It also has an impressive 15th century Gothic cathedral, the M\u00fcnster, and a 15th-century town hall. Thanks to 6 kilometres (4 miles) of arcades, the old town boasts one of the longest covered shopping promenades in Europe."}], ["Sehingga tahun 2000 [kemas kini], terdapat 9,045 murid di Bern yang datang dari perbandaran lain, sementara 1,185 penduduk menghadiri sekolah-sekolah di luar perbandaran. <> Berapa ramai murid tinggal di perbandaran lain? || 9,045 <> Berapa ramai murid yang menghadiri sekolah di luar bandar? || 1,185", {"qas": [{"question": "How many pupils lived in another municipality?", "id": "56e9644c0b45c0140094cdef", "answers": [{"text": "9,045", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many pupils attended school outside of the city?", "id": "56e9644c0b45c0140094cdf0", "answers": [{"text": "1,185", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As of 2000[update], there were 9,045 pupils in Bern who came from another municipality, while 1,185 residents attended schools outside the municipality."}], ["Bern adalah calon untuk menganjurkan Sukan Olimpik Musim Sejuk 2010, tetapi menarik semula tawarannya pada bulan September 2002 selepas referendum diluluskan yang menunjukkan bahawa tawaran itu tidak disokong oleh penduduk tempatan. Permainan-permainan tersebut akhirnya diberikan kepada Vancouver, Kanada. <> Tahun apakah Bern mahu menjadi tuan rumah Sukan Olimpik Musim Sejuk? || 2010 <> Apa tahun mereka menarik balik tawaran mereka? || 2002 <> Di mana Olimpik Musim Sejuk 2010 diadakan? || Vancouver, Kanada", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did Bern want to host the Winter Olympics?", "id": "56e890ee99e8941900975e9d", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did they withdraw their bid?", "id": "56e890ee99e8941900975e9e", "answers": [{"text": "2002", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the 2010 Winter Olympics held?", "id": "56e890ee99e8941900975ea0", "answers": [{"text": "Vancouver, Canada", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bern was a candidate to host the 2010 Winter Olympics, but withdrew its bid in September 2002 after a referendum was passed that showed that the bid was not supported by locals. Those games were eventually awarded to Vancouver, Canada."}], ["Universiti Bern, yang bangunannya terletak di dalam suku L\u00e4nggasse, terletak di Bern, serta Universiti Sains Gunaan (Fachhochschule) dan beberapa sekolah kerjaya. <> Di manakah majoriti bangunan untuk Universiti Bern? || Suku L\u00e4nggasse", {"qas": [{"question": "Where are the majority of the buildings for the University of Bern?", "id": "56e9624799e8941900975f75", "answers": [{"text": "L\u00e4nggasse quarter", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The University of Bern, whose buildings are mainly located in the L\u00e4nggasse quarter, is located in Bern, as well as the University of Applied Sciences (Fachhochschule) and several vocations schools."}], ["Di Bern, kira-kira 50,418 atau (39.2%) penduduk telah menamatkan pendidikan menengah bukan wajib, dan 24.311 atau (18.9%) telah menamatkan pendidikan tinggi tambahan (sama ada universiti atau Fachhochschule). Daripada 24,311 yang menamatkan pengajian tinggi, 51.6% adalah lelaki Switzerland, 33.0% adalah wanita Switzerland, 8.9% adalah lelaki bukan Swiss dan 6.5% adalah wanita bukan Switzerland. <> Berapa peratus penduduk telah menyelesaikan pendidikan menengah bukan wajib? || 39.2% <> Berapa peratus penduduk telah menyelesaikan pendidikan tinggi tambahan? || 18.9% <> Majoriti penduduk untuk menamatkan pengajian tinggi di bern ialah orang? || Lelaki Switzerland", {"qas": [{"question": "What percent of the population has completed non-mandatory upper secondary education?", "id": "56e962d799e8941900975f79", "answers": [{"text": "39.2%", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percent of the population has completed additionaly higher education?", "id": "56e962d799e8941900975f7a", "answers": [{"text": "18.9%", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The majority of the population to finish tertiary schooling in bern are what people?", "id": "56e962d799e8941900975f7b", "answers": [{"text": "Swiss men", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Bern, about 50,418 or (39.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 24,311 or (18.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 24,311 who completed tertiary schooling, 51.6% were Swiss men, 33.0% were Swiss women, 8.9% were non-Swiss men and 6.5% were non-Swiss women."}], ["Bern adalah rumah kepada 8 buah perpustakaan. Perpustakaan termasuk; Schweiz. Nationalbibliothek / Biblioth\u00e8que nationale suisse, Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Bern, Kornhausbibliotheken Bern, BFH Wirtschaft und Verwaltung Bern, BFH Gesundheit, BFH Soziale Arbeit, Hochschule der K\u00fcnste Bern, Gestaltung und Kunst dan Hochschule der K\u00fcnste Bern, Musikbibliothek. Terdapat jumlah gabungan (pada 2008 [kemas kini]) sebanyak 10,308,336 buku atau media lain di perpustakaan, dan pada tahun yang sama sejumlah 2,627,973 item telah dipinjamkan. <> Berapa banyak perpustakaan di Bern? || 8", {"qas": [{"question": "How many libraries are in Bern?", "id": "56e9641f99e8941900975f91", "answers": [{"text": "8", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bern is home to 8 libraries. These libraries include; the Schweiz. Nationalbibliothek/ Biblioth\u00e8que nationale suisse, the Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Bern, the Kornhausbibliotheken Bern, the BFH Wirtschaft und Verwaltung Bern, the BFH Gesundheit, the BFH Soziale Arbeit, the Hochschule der K\u00fcnste Bern, Gestaltung und Kunst and the Hochschule der K\u00fcnste Bern, Musikbibliothek. There was a combined total (as of 2008[update]) of 10,308,336 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year a total of 2,627,973 items were loaned out."}], ["Sistem sekolah Canton of Bern menyediakan satu tahun tadika yang tidak wajib, diikuti oleh enam tahun sekolah rendah. Ini diikuti oleh tiga tahun sekolah menengah rendah wajib di mana murid dipisahkan mengikut kemampuan dan kebolehan. Berikutan murid-murid menengah rendah boleh menghadiri persekolahan tambahan atau mereka boleh memasuki perantisan. <> Adakah anda perlu pergi ke satu tahun tadika? || Bukan <> Apa yang membezakan kanak-kanak di sekolah menengah? || kebolehan dan kebolehan", {"qas": [{"question": "Do you have to go to the one year of kindergarten?", "id": "56e9634c99e8941900975f7f", "answers": [{"text": "non", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What seperates the children in secondary school?", "id": "56e9634c99e8941900975f82", "answers": [{"text": "ability and aptitude", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory kindergarten, followed by six years of primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower secondary school where the pupils are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower secondary pupils may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship."}], ["Pada 2010 [update], Bern mempunyai kadar pengangguran sebanyak 3.3%. Sehingga tahun 2008 [update], terdapat 259 orang yang bekerja di sektor ekonomi utama dan sekitar 59 perniagaan yang terlibat dalam sektor ini. 16,413 orang bekerja di sektor menengah dan terdapat 950 perniagaan di sektor ini. 135,973 orang bekerja di sektor tertiari, dengan 7,654 perniagaan di sektor ini. <> Apakah kadar pengangguran Berns pada tahun 2010? || 3.3% <> Berapa banyak perniagaan yang ada di sektor utama? || 59 <> Berapa banyak perniagaan yang ada di sektor sekunder? || 950 <> Berapa banyak perniagaan yang terdapat di sektor tertier? || 7,654", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Berns unemployment rate in 2010?", "id": "56e961270b45c0140094cdd5", "answers": [{"text": "3.3%", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many businesses are there in the primary sector?", "id": "56e961270b45c0140094cdd6", "answers": [{"text": "59", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many businesses are there in the secondary sector?", "id": "56e961270b45c0140094cdd7", "answers": [{"text": "950", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many businesses are there in the tertiary sector?", "id": "56e961270b45c0140094cdd8", "answers": [{"text": "7,654", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As of 2010[update], Bern had an unemployment rate of 3.3%. As of 2008[update], there were 259 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 59 businesses involved in this sector. 16,413 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 950 businesses in this sector. 135,973 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 7,654 businesses in this sector."}], ["Pada tahun 2000 [kemas kini], terdapat 94,367 pekerja yang beralih ke perbandaran dan 16,424 pekerja yang dipulangkan. Perbandaran itu adalah pengimport bersih pekerja, dengan kira-kira 5.7 pekerja memasuki perbandaran untuk setiap orang meninggalkan. Daripada penduduk bekerja, 50.6% menggunakan pengangkutan awam untuk bekerja, dan 20.6% menggunakan kereta persendirian. <> Berapa banyak pekerja yang masuk ke perbandaran? || 94,367 <> Berapa ramai pekerja terpaksa berangkat dari perbandaran? || 16,424 <> Berapa banyak penduduk bekerja menggunakan pengangkutan awam? || 50.6% <> Berapa banyak penduduk bekerja menggunakan kereta persendirian? || 20.6%", {"qas": [{"question": "How many workers commute into the municipality?", "id": "56e962100b45c0140094cde7", "answers": [{"text": "94,367", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many workers had to commute away from the municipality?", "id": "56e962100b45c0140094cde8", "answers": [{"text": "16,424", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of the working population uses public transportation?", "id": "56e962100b45c0140094cde9", "answers": [{"text": "50.6%", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of the working population use private cars?", "id": "56e962100b45c0140094cdea", "answers": [{"text": "20.6%", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2000[update], there were 94,367 workers who commuted into the municipality and 16,424 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 5.7 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. Of the working population, 50.6% used public transport to get to work, and 20.6% used a private car."}], ["Semasa tahun pelajaran 2009-10, terdapat seramai 10,979 murid yang menghadiri kelas di Bern. Terdapat 89 kelas tadika dengan jumlah 1,641 murid di perbandaran. Daripada murid tadika, 32.4% adalah penduduk tetap atau sementara Switzerland (bukan warganegara) dan 40.2% mempunyai bahasa ibu yang berbeza daripada bahasa kelas. Perbandaran mempunyai 266 kelas utama dan 5,040 murid. Daripada murid-murid utama, 30.1% adalah penduduk tetap atau sementara Switzerland (bukan rakyat) dan 35.7% mempunyai bahasa ibunda yang berbeza daripada bahasa kelas. Pada tahun yang sama, terdapat 151 kelas menengah rendah dengan jumlah 2,581 murid. Terdapat 28.7% yang merupakan penduduk tetap atau sementara Switzerland (bukan rakyat) dan 32.7% mempunyai bahasa ibunda yang berbeza daripada bahasa kelas. <> Berapa ramai pelajar yang menghadiri sekolah semasa tahun pelajaran 2009-2010? || 10,979 <> Berapa banyak kelas tadika yang ada? || 89 <> Berapa banyak kelas utama di sana? || 266 <> Berapa banyak kelas menengah di sana? || 151", {"qas": [{"question": "How many students were attending school during the 2009-2010 school year?", "id": "56e963a699e8941900975f89", "answers": [{"text": "10,979", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many kindergarten classes were there?", "id": "56e963a699e8941900975f8a", "answers": [{"text": "89", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many primary classes were there?", "id": "56e963a699e8941900975f8b", "answers": [{"text": "266", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many lower secondary classes were there?", "id": "56e963a699e8941900975f8c", "answers": [{"text": "151", "answer_start": 615}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the 2009\u201310 school year, there were a total of 10,979 pupils attending classes in Bern. There were 89 kindergarten classes with a total of 1,641 pupils in the municipality. Of the kindergarten pupils, 32.4% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 40.2% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 266 primary classes and 5,040 pupils. Of the primary pupils, 30.1% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 35.7% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were 151 lower secondary classes with a total of 2,581 pupils. There were 28.7% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 32.7% have a different mother language than the classroom language."}], ["Pada tahun 2008 [kemas kini] jumlah pekerjaan bersamaan sepenuh masa adalah 125,037. Bilangan pekerjaan di sektor utama adalah 203, di mana 184 adalah dalam bidang pertanian dan 19 adalah dalam pengeluaran hutan atau kayu. Bilangan pekerjaan di sektor menengah adalah 15,476 di mana 7,650 atau (49.4%) berada dalam pembuatan, 51 atau (0.3%) berada dalam perlombongan dan 6,389 (41.3%) dalam pembinaan. Bilangan pekerjaan dalam sektor tertiari adalah 109,358. Dalam sektor tertier; 11,396 atau 10.4% adalah dalam jualan borong atau runcit atau pembaikan kenderaan bermotor, 10,293 atau 9.4% adalah dalam pergerakan dan penyimpanan barangan, 5,090 atau 4.7% berada di sebuah hotel atau restoran, 7,302 atau 6.7% berada dalam industri maklumat , 8,437 atau 7.7% adalah industri insurans atau kewangan, 10,660 atau 9.7% adalah profesional teknikal atau saintis, 5,338 atau 4.9% adalah dalam pendidikan dan 17,903 atau 16.4% adalah penjagaan kesihatan. <> Berapa banyak pekerjaan sepenuh masa di sana pada tahun 2008? || 125,037. <> Berapa banyak pekerjaan di sektor utama ialah pertanian? || 184 <> Berapa banyak pekerjaan di sektor utama dalam pengeluaran hutan atau kayu? || 19 <> Berapa banyak pekerjaan dalam sektor sekunder? || 15,476 <> Berapa banyak pekerjaan yang terdapat dalam secotr tertiari? || 109,358", {"qas": [{"question": "How many full time jobs were there in 2008?", "id": "56e961ae0b45c0140094cddd", "answers": [{"text": "125,037.", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many jobs in the primary sector were agrictulture?", "id": "56e961ae0b45c0140094cdde", "answers": [{"text": "184", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many jobs in the primary sector were in forestry or lumber production?", "id": "56e961ae0b45c0140094cddf", "answers": [{"text": "19", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many jobs are in the secondary sector?", "id": "56e961ae0b45c0140094cde0", "answers": [{"text": "15,476", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many jobs are in the tertiary secotr?", "id": "56e961ae0b45c0140094cde1", "answers": [{"text": "109,358", "answer_start": 421}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2008[update] the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 125,037. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 203, of which 184 were in agriculture and 19 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 15,476 of which 7,650 or (49.4%) were in manufacturing, 51 or (0.3%) were in mining and 6,389 (41.3%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 109,358. In the tertiary sector; 11,396 or 10.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 10,293 or 9.4% were in the movement and storage of goods, 5,090 or 4.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 7,302 or 6.7% were in the information industry, 8,437 or 7.7% were the insurance or financial industry, 10,660 or 9.7% were technical professionals or scientists, 5,338 or 4.9% were in education and 17,903 or 16.4% were in health care."}], ["Sebuah kereta api funikular menjurus dari daerah Marzili ke Bundeshaus. The funicular Marzilibahn, dengan panjang 106 m (348 kaki), kereta api awam terpendek kedua di Eropah selepas Zagreb digerakkan. <> Apa yang menghubungkan Marzili dengan Bundeshaus? || Keretapi yang digerakkan <> Berapa lama Marzilibah digerakkan? || 106 m <> Apa kereta api awam terpendek kedua di Eropah? || Marzilibahn <> Apa kereta api awam terpendek di Eropah? || Zagreb digerakkan", {"qas": [{"question": "What connects Marzili to Bundeshaus?", "id": "56e965080b45c0140094cdf5", "answers": [{"text": "A funicular railway", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long is the Marzilibah funicular?", "id": "56e965080b45c0140094cdf6", "answers": [{"text": "106 m", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the second shortest public railway in Europe?", "id": "56e965080b45c0140094cdf7", "answers": [{"text": "Marzilibahn", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the shortest public railway in Europe?", "id": "56e965080b45c0140094cdf8", "answers": [{"text": "Zagreb funicular", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A funicular railway leads from the Marzili district to the Bundeshaus. The Marzilibahn funicular is, with a length of 106 m (348 ft), the second shortest public railway in Europe after the Zagreb funicular."}], ["Bern juga dilayan oleh Lapangan Terbang Bern, terletak di luar bandar berhampiran bandar Belp. Lapangan terbang serantau, yang dikenali sebagai Bern-Belp atau Belpmoos, disambungkan ke beberapa bandar raya Eropah. Selain itu, Lapangan Terbang Z\u00fcrich, Lapangan Terbang Geneva dan EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg juga berfungsi sebagai pintu masuk antarabangsa, semuanya boleh dicapai dalam masa dua jam dengan kereta atau kereta api dari Bern. <> Apakah nama lapangan terbang Bern? || Lapangan Terbang Bern <> Apakah nama lapangan terbang serantau? || Bern-Belp atau Belpmoos", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of Bern's airport?", "id": "56e965790b45c0140094cdfd", "answers": [{"text": "Bern Airport", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the regional airport?", "id": "56e965790b45c0140094cdff", "answers": [{"text": "Bern-Belp or Belpmoos", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bern is also served by Bern Airport, located outside the city near the town of Belp. The regional airport, colloquially called Bern-Belp or Belpmoos, is connected to several European cities. Additionally Z\u00fcrich Airport, Geneva Airport and EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg also serve as international gateways, all reachable within two hours by car or train from Bern."}]], [["Menurut tradisi yang pertama dilaporkan oleh Sulcard pada sekitar 1080, sebuah gereja diasaskan di tapak (kemudian dikenali sebagai Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) pada abad ke-7, pada masa Mellitus, Uskup London. Pembinaan gereja ini bermula pada tahun 1245, atas perintah Raja Henry III. <> Apakah maksud Thorn Ey? || Thorn Island <> Bilakah gereja pertama ditubuhkan di laman web ini? || Abad ke-7 <> Siapa Mellitus? || Uskup London <> Kapan pembinaan gereja sekarang bermula? || 1245 <> Siapa yang mengarahkan pembinaan gereja? || Raja Henry III <> Tahun berapakah pemusnahan gereja bermula? || <> Siapa yang menugaskan biara itu dimusnahkan? || <> Apa kawasan yang tidak pernah dinamakan? || <> Dalam abad apa tidak gereja ditubuhkan di lokasi? || <> Siapa yang bukan Bishop pada masa ini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the meaning of Thorn Ey?", "id": "56e8cfd799e8941900975eaf", "answers": [{"text": "Thorn Island", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was a church first founded at the site?", "id": "56e8cfd799e8941900975eb0", "answers": [{"text": "7th century", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Mellitus?", "id": "56e8cfd799e8941900975eb1", "answers": [{"text": "a Bishop of London", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was construction of the present church started?", "id": "56e8cfd799e8941900975eb2", "answers": [{"text": "1245", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ordered the construction of the church?", "id": "56e8cfd799e8941900975eb3", "answers": [{"text": "King Henry III", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1245", "answer_start": 248}], "question": "What year did the destruction of the church begin?", "id": "5ad3f188604f3c001a3ff875", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "King Henry III", "answer_start": 271}], "question": "Who commissioned the Abbey to be destroyed?", "id": "5ad3f188604f3c001a3ff876", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)", "answer_start": 114}], "question": "What was the area never named?", "id": "5ad3f188604f3c001a3ff877", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "7th century", "answer_start": 146}], "question": "In what century wasn't the church established at the location?", "id": "5ad3f188604f3c001a3ff878", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mellitus, a Bishop of London", "answer_start": 174}], "question": "Who wasn't the Bishop in this time frame?", "id": "5ad3f188604f3c001a3ff879", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III."}], ["Laporan pertama biara itu didasarkan pada tradisi terlambat yang menuntut seorang nelayan muda bernama Aldrich di Sungai Thames melihat penglihatan Saint Peter berhampiran tempat itu. Ini seolah-olah dipetik untuk membenarkan karunia salmon dari nelayan Thames yang diterima biara pada tahun-tahun kemudian. Dalam era sekarang, Syarikat Fishmonger masih memberikan salmon setiap tahun. Asal-usul terbukti adalah bahawa pada tahun 960-an atau awal 970-an, Saint Dunstan, dibantu oleh King Edgar, memasang komuniti biarawan Benedictine di sini. <> Siapa yang kononnya mempunyai vison Saint Peter di Sungai Thames? || Aldrich <> Siapa pertama yang berbakat salmon ke biara? || Thames nelayan <> Siapa yang masih memberikan salmon ke biara hari ini? || Syarikat Fishmonger <> Bilakah komuniti biarawan dipasang? || 960-an atau awal 970-an <> Apakah nama nelayan dalam bahasa yang melihat visi Saint Paul berhampiran Abbey? || <> Apa jenis ikan yang diberikan biara kepada nelayan Thames? || <> Jenis-jenis rahib yang mati di Abbey? || <> Siapa, sehingga hari ini masih memberikan Abbey a bun? || <> Siapa bersama dengan Pangeran Edgar menubuhkan para biarawan di Abbey? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who supposedly had a vison of Saint Peter on the River Thames?", "id": "56e8d4b899e8941900975eb9", "answers": [{"text": "Aldrich", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who first gifted salmon to the abbey?", "id": "56e8d4b899e8941900975eba", "answers": [{"text": "Thames fishermen", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who still gives salmon to the abbey today?", "id": "56e8d4b899e8941900975ebb", "answers": [{"text": "Fishmonger's Company", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the monk community installed?", "id": "56e8d4b899e8941900975ebd", "answers": [{"text": "960s or early 970s", "answer_start": 401}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Aldrich", "answer_start": 100}], "question": "What was the name of the fisherman in lore that saw a vision of Saint Paul near the Abbey?", "id": "5ad3f258604f3c001a3ff8a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "salmon", "answer_start": 219}], "question": "What type of fish did the Abbey give to Thames fisherman?", "id": "5ad3f258604f3c001a3ff8a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Benedictine", "answer_start": 485}], "question": "What kind of monks died at the Abbey?", "id": "5ad3f259604f3c001a3ff8a9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Fishmonger's Company", "answer_start": 312}], "question": "Who, till this day still gives the Abbey a bun?", "id": "5ad3f259604f3c001a3ff8aa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Saint Dunstan", "answer_start": 421}], "question": "Who along with the Prince Edgar established the monks at the Abbey?", "id": "5ad3f259604f3c001a3ff8ab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The first reports of the abbey are based on a late tradition claiming that a young fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to be quoted to justify the gifts of salmon from Thames fishermen that the abbey received in later years. In the present era, the Fishmonger's Company still gives a salmon every year. The proven origins are that in the 960s or early 970s, Saint Dunstan, assisted by King Edgar, installed a community of Benedictine monks here."}], ["Antara 1042 dan 1052 King Edward the Confessor mulai membina semula Biara St Peter untuk menyediakan dirinya dengan gereja penguburan kerajaan. Ia adalah gereja pertama di England yang dibina dalam gaya Romanesque. Bangunan itu tidak siap sehingga sekitar 1090 tetapi disucikan pada 28 Disember 1065, hanya seminggu sebelum kematian Edward pada 5 Januari 1066. Seminggu kemudian dia dikebumikan di gereja, dan sembilan tahun kemudian Edith isterinya dikebumikan di sampingnya. Penggantinya, Harold II, mungkin dinobatkan di dalam biara, walaupun penobatan terdokumentasikan pertama adalah William the Conqueror pada tahun yang sama. <> Siapa yang membina semula biara untuk sebuah gereja pengkebumian? || King Edward the Confessor <> Gaya apa yang dibina oleh gereja? || Romanesque <> Bilakah bangunan itu disucikan? || 28 Disember 1065 <> Bilakah King Edward the Confessor mati? || 5 Januari 1066 <> Siapa yang pertama didokumentasikan penobatan? || William the Conqueror <> Apa reka bentuk seni bina tidak dianggap sebagai biara St Peter? || <> Tahun apakah bangunan bermula? || <> Apakah tarikh perobohan Abbey itu? || <> Siapa yang terakhir dirakamkan di Biara? || <> Apa yang Raja memulihkan biara pada tahun 1042 dan 1062? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who rebuilt the abbey for a burial church?", "id": "56e8d58c0b45c0140094cd01", "answers": [{"text": "King Edward the Confessor", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What style was the church rebuilt in?", "id": "56e8d58c0b45c0140094cd02", "answers": [{"text": "Romanesque", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the building consecrated?", "id": "56e8d58c0b45c0140094cd03", "answers": [{"text": "28 December 1065", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did King Edward the Confessor die?", "id": "56e8d58c0b45c0140094cd04", "answers": [{"text": "5 January 1066", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first documented coronation?", "id": "56e8d58c0b45c0140094cd05", "answers": [{"text": "William the Conqueror", "answer_start": 555}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Romanesque style", "answer_start": 177}], "question": "What architectural design wasn't St Peter's abbey considered?", "id": "5ad3f29f604f3c001a3ff8c1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1090", "answer_start": 239}], "question": "What year was the building started?", "id": "5ad3f29f604f3c001a3ff8c2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "28 December 1065", "answer_start": 267}], "question": "What was the date of the Abbey's demolition? ", "id": "5ad3f29f604f3c001a3ff8c3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "William the Conqueror", "answer_start": 555}], "question": "Who was the last recorded coronation at the Abbey?", "id": "5ad3f29f604f3c001a3ff8c4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "King Edward the Confessor", "answer_start": 22}], "question": "What King restored the Abbey in the years 1042 and 1062?", "id": "5ad3f29f604f3c001a3ff8c5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Between 1042 and 1052 King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to provide himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was not completed until around 1090 but was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066. A week later he was buried in the church, and nine years later his wife Edith was buried alongside him. His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year."}], ["Henry VII menambah sebuah kapel bergaya Perpendikular yang didedikasikan kepada Perawan Maria Perawan di 1503 (dikenali sebagai Chapel Henry VII atau \"Lady Chapel\"). Kebanyakan batu itu berasal dari Caen, di Perancis (batu Caen), Isle of Portland (batu Portland) dan kawasan Lembah Loire Perancis (batu kapur tuffeau). [Sunting] yang menambah kapel gaya perpendikular? || Henry VII <> Siapakah kapel gaya perpaduan yang dikhaskan untuk? || Pergumulan Maria Maria <> Apa bahagian dari Perancis yang datang dari batu Caen? || Caen <> Di manakah batu Portland berasal? || Isle of Portland <> Bilakah Lady Chapel ditambah? || 1503 <> Siapa yang mengambil sebuah kapel gaya perpendikular? || <> Siapakah kapel gaya perpendikular yang belum ditetapkan? || <> Apa bahagian dari England yang datang dari batu Caen? || <> Di manakah kayu Portland berasal? || <> Bilakah Lady Chapel dikurangkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who added a Perpendicular style chapel?", "id": "56e8dbaa99e8941900975ed7", "answers": [{"text": "Henry VII", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to?", "id": "56e8dbaa99e8941900975ed8", "answers": [{"text": "Blessed Virgin Mary", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of France did the Caen stone come from?", "id": "56e8dbaa99e8941900975ed9", "answers": [{"text": "Caen", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Portland stone come from?", "id": "56e8dbaa99e8941900975eda", "answers": [{"text": "Isle of Portland", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Lady Chapel added?", "id": "56e8dbaa99e8941900975edb", "answers": [{"text": "1503", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Henry VII", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who took away a Perpendicular style chapel?", "id": "5ad3f47e604f3c001a3ff947", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Blessed Virgin Mary", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "Who was the Perpendicular style chapel undedicated to?", "id": "5ad3f47e604f3c001a3ff948", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Caen", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "What part of England did the Caen stone come from?", "id": "5ad3f47e604f3c001a3ff949", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Isle of Portland", "answer_start": 206}], "question": "Where did the Portland wood come from?", "id": "5ad3f47e604f3c001a3ff94a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1503", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "When was the Lady Chapel subtracted?", "id": "5ad3f47e604f3c001a3ff94b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Henry VII added a Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1503 (known as the Henry VII Chapel or the \"Lady Chapel\"). Much of the stone came from Caen, in France (Caen stone), the Isle of Portland (Portland stone) and the Loire Valley region of France (tuffeau limestone).[citation needed]"}], ["Kedekatan Istana Westminster tidak meluas untuk menyediakan para bhikkhu atau abbots dengan sambungan diraja yang tinggi; dalam masyarakat asal Benediktin Westminster adalah sebagai yang paling sederhana seperti kebanyakan pesanan. Abbot kekal sebagai Lord of the Westminster sebagai sebuah bandar dengan dua hingga tiga ribu orang berkembang di sekitarnya: sebagai pengguna dan majikan pada skala besar biara membantu menyumbang ekonomi bandar, dan hubungan dengan bandar tetap luar biasa mesra, tetapi tidak penyewaan wang yang dikeluarkan pada Zaman Pertengahan. Biara itu membina kedai-kedai dan tempat tinggal di sebelah barat, menceroboh tempat kudus. [Rujukan?] <> Apakah abbot kekal sebagai sebuah bandar yang dibina di sekitar biara? || Tuhan Manor Westminster <> Apa biara membantu bahan bakar? || ekonomi bandar <> Apa yang membina biara di sebelah barat? || kedai-kedai dan tempat tinggal <> Apa yang tercemar di tempat perlindungan? || kedai-kedai dan kediaman <> Apakah abbot kekal sebagai sebuah bandar yang dibina di dalam biara? || <> Apa biara membantu membunuh? || <> Apa yang tidak biara membantu bahan api? || <> Apa biara dibina di sebelah timur? || <> Apa yang tidak pernah diceroboh di tempat perlindungan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the abbot remain as a town built around the abbey?", "id": "56e8d9ab99e8941900975ecd", "answers": [{"text": "Lord of the Manor of Westminster", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the monastery help fuel?", "id": "56e8d9ab99e8941900975ece", "answers": [{"text": "the town economy", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the abbey build on the west side?", "id": "56e8d9ab99e8941900975ecf", "answers": [{"text": "shops and dwellings", "answer_start": 537}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What encroached upon the sanctuary?", "id": "56e8d9ab99e8941900975ed1", "answers": [{"text": "shops and dwellings", "answer_start": 537}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lord of the Manor of Westminster", "answer_start": 221}], "question": "What did the abbot remain as a town built inside the abbey?", "id": "5ad3f3d9604f3c001a3ff919", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the town economy", "answer_start": 383}], "question": "What did the monastery help kill?", "id": "5ad3f3d9604f3c001a3ff91a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the town economy", "answer_start": 383}], "question": "What didn't the monastery help fuel?", "id": "5ad3f3d9604f3c001a3ff91b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "shops and dwellings", "answer_start": 537}], "question": "What did the abbey build on the east side?", "id": "5ad3f3d9604f3c001a3ff91c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "shops and dwellings", "answer_start": 537}], "question": "What never encroached upon the sanctuary?", "id": "5ad3f3d9604f3c001a3ff91d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The proximity of the Palace of Westminster did not extend to providing monks or abbots with high royal connections; in social origin the Benedictines of Westminster were as modest as most of the order. The abbot remained Lord of the Manor of Westminster as a town of two to three thousand persons grew around it: as a consumer and employer on a grand scale the monastery helped fuel the town economy, and relations with the town remained unusually cordial, but no enfranchising charter was issued during the Middle Ages. The abbey built shops and dwellings on the west side, encroaching upon the sanctuary.[citation needed]"}], ["Sejak tahun 1066, apabila Harold Godwinson dan William the Conqueror dinobatkan, penobatan raja-raja Inggeris dan British telah diadakan di sana. Terdapat sekurang-kurangnya 16 perkahwinan diraja di biara sejak 1100. Dua adalah raja yang memerintah (Henry I dan Richard II), walaupun, sebelum 1919, tidak ada selama 500 tahun. <> Siapa raja pertama yang dinobatkan di Westminster Abbey? || Harold Godwinson dan William the Conqueror <> Sejak ketika telah melakukan koronasi di Westminster Abbey? || 1066 <> Berapa banyak majlis perkahwinan diraja di biara? || 16 <> Yang dua raja yang memerintah mempunyai majlis perkahwinan di biara? || Henry I dan Richard II <> Bilakah majlis perkahwinan diraja bermula di gereja? || 1100 <> Siapa raja terakhir yang dimahkotai di Westminster Abbey? || <> Sejak bila tidak ada koronasi yang diadakan di Westminster Abbey? || <> Berapa banyak majlis perkahwinan diraja tidak berlaku di biara? || <> Yang mana dua raja yang memerintah mempunyai pengkebumian di biara? || <> Bilakah majlis perkahwinan kerajaan berakhir di gereja? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who were the first monarchs crowned at Westminster Abbey?", "id": "56e8d28e0b45c0140094ccf7", "answers": [{"text": "Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Since when have coronations been held at Westminster Abbey?", "id": "56e8d28e0b45c0140094ccf8", "answers": [{"text": "1066", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many royal weddings have occurred at the abbey?", "id": "56e8d28e0b45c0140094ccf9", "answers": [{"text": "16", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two reigning monarchs had weddings at the abbey?", "id": "56e8d28e0b45c0140094ccfa", "answers": [{"text": "Henry I and Richard II", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did royal weddings begin at the church?", "id": "56e8d28e0b45c0140094ccfb", "answers": [{"text": "1100", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "Who were the last monarchs crowned at Westminster Abbey?", "id": "5ad3f1d6604f3c001a3ff893", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1066", "answer_start": 6}], "question": "Since when haven't coronations been held at Westminster Abbey?", "id": "5ad3f1d6604f3c001a3ff894", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "16", "answer_start": 169}], "question": "How many royal weddings haven't occurred at the abbey?", "id": "5ad3f1d6604f3c001a3ff895", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Henry I and Richard II", "answer_start": 243}], "question": "Which two reigning monarchs had funerals at the abbey?", "id": "5ad3f1d6604f3c001a3ff896", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1100", "answer_start": 206}], "question": "When did royal weddings end at the church?", "id": "5ad3f1d6604f3c001a3ff897", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Since 1066, when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned, the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there. There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100. Two were of reigning monarchs (Henry I and Richard II), although, before 1919, there had been none for some 500 years."}], ["Satu-satunya gambaran abbey Edward, bersama dengan Istana Westminster bersebelahan, berada di Bayeux Tapestry. Sebahagian daripada bahagian bawah asrama, lanjutan dari Transept Selatan, bertahan di bawah kaki Norman di Great School, termasuk pintu yang dikatakan berasal dari biara Saxon sebelumnya. Peningkatan sumbangan menyokong masyarakat meningkat dari belasan biarawan di yayasan asal Dunstan, hingga maksimum sekitar delapan puluh biarawan, walaupun terdapat juga komunitas besar abang-abang layang yang mendukung harta dan kegiatan luas biara itu. <> Di manakah lukisan Edward Abbey yang wujud? || Bayeux Tapestry <> Apakah saiz asli komuniti sami sami Dunstan? || selusin <> Bagaimana masyarakat dapat bertambah? || endowmen <> Apa yang bersebelahan dengan biara? || Istana Westminster <> Di mana satu-satunya gambaran abu-abu Edward? || <> Apakah saiz akhir komuniti sami sami Dunstan? || <> Bagaimana komuniti tidak dapat bertambah? || <> Bagaimana komuniti dapat berkurang? || <> Apa yang jauh dari biara? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the only existant depiction of Edward's abbey?", "id": "56e8d6da99e8941900975ec3", "answers": [{"text": "Bayeux Tapestry", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the original size of Dunstan's original monk community?", "id": "56e8d6da99e8941900975ec4", "answers": [{"text": "a dozen", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How was the community able to increase?", "id": "56e8d6da99e8941900975ec6", "answers": [{"text": "endowments", "answer_start": 334}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is adjacent the abbey?", "id": "56e8d6da99e8941900975ec7", "answers": [{"text": "Palace of Westminster", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bayeux Tapestry", "answer_start": 105}], "question": "Where is the only nonexistant depiction of Edward's abbey?", "id": "5ad3f31d604f3c001a3ff8db", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a dozen", "answer_start": 382}], "question": "What was the final size of Dunstan's original monk community?", "id": "5ad3f31d604f3c001a3ff8dc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "endowments", "answer_start": 334}], "question": "How was the community unable to increase?", "id": "5ad3f31d604f3c001a3ff8dd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "endowments", "answer_start": 334}], "question": "How was the community able to decrease?", "id": "5ad3f31d604f3c001a3ff8de", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Palace of Westminster", "answer_start": 72}], "question": "What is far away from the abbey?", "id": "5ad3f31d604f3c001a3ff8df", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The only extant depiction of Edward's abbey, together with the adjacent Palace of Westminster, is in the Bayeux Tapestry. Some of the lower parts of the monastic dormitory, an extension of the South Transept, survive in the Norman undercroft of the Great School, including a door said to come from the previous Saxon abbey. Increased endowments supported a community increased from a dozen monks in Dunstan's original foundation, up to a maximum about eighty monks, although there was also a large community of lay brothers who supported the monastery's extensive property and activities."}], ["Abbot dan bhikkhu, berdekatan dengan istana kerajaan Westminster, kerusi pemerintahan dari abad ke-12 kemudian, menjadi kekuatan yang kuat di abad setelah Penaklukan Norman. Abbas kerap digunakan dalam perkhidmatan kerajaan dan pada masa yang sama mengambil tempatnya di Dewan Pertuanan sebagai hak. Dikeluarkan dari beban kepemimpinan rohani, yang diteruskan kepada pergerakan Cluniac yang diperbaharui selepas pertengahan abad ke-10, dan menduduki pentadbiran harta tanah yang mendarat, beberapa daripadanya terletak jauh dari Westminster, \"Benediktin mencapai tahap pengenalan yang luar biasa dengan kehidupan sekular masa mereka, dan terutamanya dengan kehidupan kelas atas \", Barbara Harvey menyimpulkan, sehingga gambarannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari memberikan pandangan yang lebih luas tentang kebimbangan orang tuanya dalam Bahasa Inggeris pada Zaman Pertengahan Tinggi dan Akhir. diperlukan] <> Siapa yang menjadi kuasa kuat selepas Penaklukan Norman? || Para biarawan dan biarawan <> Istana Westminster adalah tempat duduk dari abad ke-12? || kerajaan <> Siapa yang bekerja di ladang diraja? || Abbot <> Dengan apa jenis kehidupan Benediktin dibenarkan untuk mengenal pasti? || sekular <> Untuk pergerakan apakah tugas kepimpinan rohani berlalu? || Cluniac <> Siapakah yang menjadi lemah selepas Penaklukan Norman? || <> Istana Westminster adalah tempat duduk dari abad ke-11? || <> Siapa yang menganggur di ladang kerajaan? || <> Dengan apa jenis kehidupan Benedictines dibenarkan untuk misidentify? || <> Pergerakan apa yang bukan tugas kepimpinan rohani berlalu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who became a powerful force after the Norman Conquest?", "id": "56e8d85b0b45c0140094cd0b", "answers": [{"text": "The abbot and monks", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Palace of Westminster was the seat of what from the later 12th century?", "id": "56e8d85b0b45c0140094cd0c", "answers": [{"text": "government", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was employed on royal service?", "id": "56e8d85b0b45c0140094cd0d", "answers": [{"text": "The abbot", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With what kind of life were the Benedictines allowed to identify?", "id": "56e8d85b0b45c0140094cd0e", "answers": [{"text": "secular", "answer_start": 608}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what movement was the task of spiritual leadership passed?", "id": "56e8d85b0b45c0140094cd0f", "answers": [{"text": "Cluniac", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "abbot and monks", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Who became a weak force after the Norman Conquest?", "id": "5ad3f384604f3c001a3ff90f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "government", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "The Palace of Westminster was the seat of what from the later 11th century?", "id": "5ad3f384604f3c001a3ff910", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The abbot", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who was unemployed on royal service?", "id": "5ad3f384604f3c001a3ff911", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "secular", "answer_start": 608}], "question": "With what kind of life were the Benedictines allowed to misidentify?", "id": "5ad3f384604f3c001a3ff912", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cluniac", "answer_start": 384}], "question": "To what movement wasn't the task of spiritual leadership passed?", "id": "5ad3f384604f3c001a3ff913", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The abbot and monks, in proximity to the royal Palace of Westminster, the seat of government from the later 12th century, became a powerful force in the centuries after the Norman Conquest. The abbot often was employed on royal service and in due course took his place in the House of Lords as of right. Released from the burdens of spiritual leadership, which passed to the reformed Cluniac movement after the mid-10th century, and occupied with the administration of great landed properties, some of which lay far from Westminster, \"the Benedictines achieved a remarkable degree of identification with the secular life of their times, and particularly with upper-class life\", Barbara Harvey concludes, to the extent that her depiction of daily life provides a wider view of the concerns of the English gentry in the High and Late Middle Ages.[citation needed]"}], ["Westminster Abbey, secara rasmi bertajuk Gereja Kollegiate St Peter di Westminster, adalah sebuah gereja besar, terutamanya Gothic abbey di City of Westminster, London, terletak hanya ke barat Istana Westminster. Ia adalah salah satu bangunan agama yang paling terkenal di United Kingdom dan telah menjadi tempat penjajahan dan penguburan tradisional untuk bahasa Inggeris dan, kemudian, raja-raja Inggeris. Antara 1540 dan 1556 biara itu mempunyai status katedral. Sejak tahun 1560, bangunan itu bukan lagi sebuah biara atau katedral, sebaliknya mempunyai status Gereja England \"Peculiar Diraja\" - sebuah gereja bertanggungjawab secara langsung kepada pemerintah. Bangunan itu sendiri adalah gereja biara asal. <> Apakah nama rasmi Westminster Abbey? || Gereja Collegiate St Peter di Westminster <> Di mana terletak Westminster Abbey? || City of Westminster, London <> Bilakah katedral Westminster Abbey? || Antara 1540 dan 1556 <> Apakah status Westminster Abbey sejak tahun 1560? || Gereja England \"Peculiar Diraja\" <> Apakah nama tidak rasmi Westminster Abbey? || <> Apa seni bina gaya Westminster Abbey tidak dipertimbangkan? || <> Di negara mana terletak Westminster Abbey? || <> Dalam tahun berapa bukan Abbey dianggap katedral? || <> Jenis bangunan apa yang Abbey tidak dipertimbangkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the formal name of Westminster Abbey?", "id": "56e8ceee99e8941900975ea5", "answers": [{"text": "the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Westminster Abbey located?", "id": "56e8ceee99e8941900975ea6", "answers": [{"text": "City of Westminster, London", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Westminster Abbey a cathedral?", "id": "56e8ceee99e8941900975ea8", "answers": [{"text": "Between 1540 and 1556", "answer_start": 394}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has been the status of Westminster Abbey since 1560?", "id": "56e8ceee99e8941900975ea9", "answers": [{"text": "Church of England \"Royal Peculiar\"", "answer_start": 561}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "What was Westminster Abbey's informal name?", "id": "5ad3f0fe604f3c001a3ff851", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Gothic", "answer_start": 104}], "question": "What style architecture is the Westminster Abbey not considered?", "id": "5ad3f0fe604f3c001a3ff852", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "City of Westminster, London", "answer_start": 131}], "question": "In what country is Westminster Abbey located?", "id": "5ad3f0fe604f3c001a3ff853", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Between 1540 and 1556", "answer_start": 394}], "question": "In what years wasn't the Abbey considered a cathedral?", "id": "5ad3f0fe604f3c001a3ff854", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Royal Peculiar", "answer_start": 580}], "question": "What type of building is the Abbey not considered?", "id": "5ad3f0fe604f3c001a3ff855", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England \"Royal Peculiar\"\u2014a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church."}], ["Biara ini menjadi tempat penobatan raja-raja Norman. Tidak ada yang dikebumikan di sana sehingga Henry III, yang dikhususkan untuk kultus Confessor, membina biara dalam gaya Anglo-French Gothic sebagai kuil untuk menghormati King Edward the Confessor dan sebagai pengaturan yang sesuai untuk lubang sendiri Henry, di bawah Gothic tertinggi nave di England. Kuil Confessor kemudiannya memainkan peranan penting dalam kanonisasinya. Kerja ini berterusan antara 1245 dan 1517 dan sebahagian besarnya selesai oleh arkitek Henry Yevele dalam pemerintahan Richard II. Henry III juga menugaskan turapan Cosmati yang unik di hadapan Altar Tinggi (trak ini baru-baru ini menjalani program pencucian dan pemuliharaan utama dan didedikasikan semula oleh Dekan pada perkhidmatan pada 21 Mei 2010). <> Apakah biara kepada raja-raja Norman? || tapak penobatan <> Apa arkitek terus bekerja di biara? || Henry Yevele <> Siapa yang memerintah ketika Henry Yevele menyelesaikan karyanya di biara? || Richard II <> Apa jenis trotoar yang ditugaskan di hadapan Al-Mahdi Tinggi? || Cosmati <> Apa yang memainkan peranan besar dalam kanonisasi King Edward the Confessor? || Kuil Confessor <> Apa biara kepada ratu Norman? || <> Apa arkitek berhenti bekerja di biara? || <> Siapa yang memerintah ketika Henry Yevele memulakan karyanya di biara? || <> Apa jenis trotoar yang ditugaskan di hadapan Altar Rendah? || <> Apa yang memainkan peranan kecil dalam kanonisasi King Edward the Confessor? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the abbey to Norman kings?", "id": "56e8daed0b45c0140094cd17", "answers": [{"text": "coronation site", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What architect continued work on the abbey?", "id": "56e8daed0b45c0140094cd18", "answers": [{"text": "Henry Yevele", "answer_start": 495}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was reigning when Henry Yevele finished his work on the abbey?", "id": "56e8daed0b45c0140094cd19", "answers": [{"text": "Richard II", "answer_start": 524}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of pavement was commissioned for in front of the High Altar?", "id": "56e8daed0b45c0140094cd1a", "answers": [{"text": "Cosmati", "answer_start": 571}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What played a large role in King Edward the Confessor's canonisation?", "id": "56e8daed0b45c0140094cd1b", "answers": [{"text": "The Confessor's shrine", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "coronation site", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "What was the abbey to Norman queens?", "id": "5ad3f42d604f3c001a3ff92b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Henry Yevele", "answer_start": 495}], "question": "What architect stopped work on the abbey?", "id": "5ad3f42d604f3c001a3ff92c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Richard II", "answer_start": 524}], "question": "Who was reigning when Henry Yevele started his work on the abbey?", "id": "5ad3f42d604f3c001a3ff92d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cosmati", "answer_start": 571}], "question": "What kind of pavement was commissioned for in front of the Low Altar?", "id": "5ad3f42d604f3c001a3ff92e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Confessor's shrine", "answer_start": 335}], "question": "What played a small role in King Edward the Confessor's canonisation?", "id": "5ad3f42d604f3c001a3ff92f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The abbey became the coronation site of Norman kings. None were buried there until Henry III, intensely devoted to the cult of the Confessor, rebuilt the abbey in Anglo-French Gothic style as a shrine to venerate King Edward the Confessor and as a suitably regal setting for Henry's own tomb, under the highest Gothic nave in England. The Confessor's shrine subsequently played a great part in his canonisation. The work continued between 1245 and 1517 and was largely finished by the architect Henry Yevele in the reign of Richard II. Henry III also commissioned unique Cosmati pavement in front of the High Altar (the pavement has recently undergone a major cleaning and conservation programme and was re-dedicated by the Dean at a service on 21 May 2010)."}], ["Ia mengalami kerosakan semasa 1640s bergelora, apabila diserang oleh ikon ikonik Puritan, tetapi sekali lagi dilindungi oleh hubungan dekatnya dengan negara semasa tempoh Komanwel. Oliver Cromwell diberi pengebumian yang rumit di sana pada tahun 1658, hanya untuk disinterred pada Januari 1661 dan selepas dihukum mati dari gibbet di Tyburn. <> Bilakah biara itu mengalami kerosakan? || 1640s <> Siapa yang menyerang biara? || Ikonoklas Puritan <> Apa yang melindungi biara? || hubungan dengan negara semasa Komanwel <> Siapa yang mempunyai pengebumian mewah di biara pada tahun 1658? || Oliver Cromwell <> Bilakah Oliver Cromwell tidak berkecuali? || Januari 1661 <> Bilakah tidak biara itu mengalami kerosakan? || <> Siapa yang mempertahankan biara? || <> Apa yang menyerang biara itu? || <> Siapa yang mempunyai pengebumian mewah di biara pada tahun 1685? || <> Bilakah Oliver Cromwell dibunuh? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the abbey suffer damage?", "id": "56e8e01299e8941900975ee9", "answers": [{"text": "1640s", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who attacked the abbey?", "id": "56e8e01299e8941900975eea", "answers": [{"text": "Puritan iconoclasts", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What protected the abbey?", "id": "56e8e01299e8941900975eeb", "answers": [{"text": "ties to the state during the Commonwealth", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who had a fancy funeral at the abbey in 1658?", "id": "56e8e01299e8941900975eec", "answers": [{"text": "Oliver Cromwell", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Oliver Cromwell disinterred?", "id": "56e8e01299e8941900975eed", "answers": [{"text": "January 1661", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1640s", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "When didn't the abbey suffer damage?", "id": "5ad3f62d604f3c001a3ff9c5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Puritan iconoclasts", "answer_start": 71}], "question": "Who defended the abbey?", "id": "5ad3f62d604f3c001a3ff9c6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ties to the state during the Commonwealth period", "answer_start": 129}], "question": "What attacked the abbey?", "id": "5ad3f62d604f3c001a3ff9c7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Oliver Cromwell", "answer_start": 179}], "question": "Who had a fancy funeral at the abbey in 1685?", "id": "5ad3f62d604f3c001a3ff9c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "January 1661", "answer_start": 267}], "question": "When was Oliver Cromwell murdered?", "id": "5ad3f62d604f3c001a3ff9c9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period. Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at Tyburn."}], ["Dua menara barat biara dibina antara 1722 dan 1745 oleh Nicholas Hawksmoor, dibina dari batu Portland hingga contoh awal reka bentuk Gothic Revival. Marmar Purbeck digunakan untuk dinding dan lantai Westminster Abbey, walaupun pelbagai batu nisan dibuat dari pelbagai jenis marmar. Pembinaan semula dan pemulihan selanjutnya berlaku pada abad ke-19 di bawah Sir George Gilbert Scott. <> Bilakah menara barat dibina? || antara 1722 dan 1745 <> Yang membina menara barat biara? || Nicholas Hawksmoor <> Apakah jenis marmar digunakan untuk dinding dan lantai biara? || Purbeck <> Di bawah siapa penembusan abad ke-19 berlaku? || Sir George Gilbert Scott <> Apakah dua menara barat dibina dari? || Batu Portland <> Bilakah menara timur dibina? || <> Siapa yang membina menara timur biara itu? || <> Apakah jenis marmar digunakan untuk siling-siling biara? || <> Di bawah siapakah penyulingan abad ke-18 berlaku? || <> Apakah tiga menara barat dibina dari? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When were the western towers built?", "id": "56e8e4930b45c0140094cd3b", "answers": [{"text": "between 1722 and 1745", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who built the western towers of the abbey?", "id": "56e8e4930b45c0140094cd3c", "answers": [{"text": "Nicholas Hawksmoor", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of marble was used for the walls and floors of the abbey?", "id": "56e8e4930b45c0140094cd3d", "answers": [{"text": "Purbeck", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Under whom did the 19th century rebulding occur?", "id": "56e8e4930b45c0140094cd3e", "answers": [{"text": "Sir George Gilbert Scott", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the two western towers built from?", "id": "56e8e4930b45c0140094cd3f", "answers": [{"text": "Portland stone", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "between 1722 and 1745", "answer_start": 42}], "question": "When were the eastern towers built?", "id": "5ad3f678604f3c001a3ff9d9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nicholas Hawksmoor", "answer_start": 67}], "question": "Who built the eastern towers of the abbey?", "id": "5ad3f678604f3c001a3ff9da", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Purbeck", "answer_start": 167}], "question": "What kind of marble was used for the ceilings of the abbey?", "id": "5ad3f678604f3c001a3ff9db", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sir George Gilbert Scott", "answer_start": 386}], "question": "Under whom did the 18th century rebulding occur?", "id": "5ad3f678604f3c001a3ff9dc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Portland stone", "answer_start": 104}], "question": "What were the three western towers built from?", "id": "5ad3f678604f3c001a3ff9dd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The abbey's two western towers were built between 1722 and 1745 by Nicholas Hawksmoor, constructed from Portland stone to an early example of a Gothic Revival design. Purbeck marble was used for the walls and the floors of Westminster Abbey, even though the various tombstones are made of different types of marble. Further rebuilding and restoration occurred in the 19th century under Sir George Gilbert Scott."}], ["A narthex (sebuah portico atau dewan masuk) untuk bahagian barat telah direka oleh Sir Edwin Lutyens pada pertengahan abad ke-20 tetapi tidak dibina. Imej biara sebelum pembinaan menara jarang berlaku, walaupun laman web rasmi biara itu menyatakan bahawa bangunan itu tanpa menara berikutan pengubahsuaian Yevele, dengan segmen yang lebih rendah di bawah paras bumbung Nave selesai. <> Apa yang direka untuk bahagian depan biara barat tetapi tidak dibina? || A narthex <> Bilakah narthex direka? || pertengahan abad ke-20 <> Biara itu tanpa menara berikutan pengubahsuaian oleh siapa? || Yevele <> Apa yang telah direka semula untuk bahagian depan biara barat tetapi tidak dibina? || <> Apa yang direka untuk bahagian depan biara tetapi tidak dibina? || <> Bilakah narthex direka bentuk semula? || <> Biara itu dengan menara berikutan pengubahsuaian oleh siapa? || <> Biara itu tanpa menara mengikut kehancuran oleh siapa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was designed for the west front of the abbey but not built?", "id": "56e8e5520b45c0140094cd45", "answers": [{"text": "A narthex", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the narthex designed?", "id": "56e8e5520b45c0140094cd47", "answers": [{"text": "mid-20th century", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The abbey was without towers following the renovation by whom?", "id": "56e8e5520b45c0140094cd48", "answers": [{"text": "Yevele", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "A narthex", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What was redesigned for the west front of the abbey but not built?", "id": "5ad3f6d6604f3c001a3ff9f7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "A narthex", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What was designed for the east front of the abbey but not built?", "id": "5ad3f6d6604f3c001a3ff9f8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mid-20th century", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "When was the narthex redesigned?", "id": "5ad3f6d6604f3c001a3ff9f9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Yevele", "answer_start": 297}], "question": "The abbey was with towers following the renovation by whom?", "id": "5ad3f6d6604f3c001a3ff9fa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Yevele", "answer_start": 297}], "question": "The abbey was without towers following the destruction by whom?", "id": "5ad3f6d6604f3c001a3ff9fb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A narthex (a portico or entrance hall) for the west front was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens in the mid-20th century but was not built. Images of the abbey prior to the construction of the towers are scarce, though the abbey's official website states that the building was without towers following Yevele's renovation, with just the lower segments beneath the roof level of the Nave completed."}], ["Pada tahun 1990an dua ikon oleh pelukis ikon Rusia, Sergei Fyodorov digantung di biara. Pada 6 September 1997 pengebumian Diana, Puteri Wales, diadakan di Abbey. Pada 17 September 2010, Paus Benediktus XVI menjadi paus pertama yang menginjakkan kaki di biara. <> Siapa yang melukis ikon digantung di biara pada tahun 1990-an? || Sergei Fyodorov <> Apa yang telah diadakan di biara pada 6 September 1997? || pengebumian Diana, Puteri Wales <> Siapa pope pertama yang menginjakkan kaki di biara itu? || Paus Benediktus XVI <> Pada tarikh apa pope pertama menetap di biara? || 17 September 2010 <> Apa kewarganegaraan Sergei Fyodorov? || Rusia <> Siapa yang melukis ikon digantung di biara pada tahun 1980-an? || <> Apa yang telah diadakan di biara pada 6 September 1996? || <> Siapa paus terakhir untuk meletakkan kaki di biara? || <> Pada tarikh apakah paus terakhir berjalan kaki di biara? || <> Apa kewarganegaraannya ialah Sergei Fedorov? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who painted the icons hung in the abbey in the 1990s?", "id": "56e8e77a99e8941900975ef5", "answers": [{"text": "Sergei Fyodorov", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was held at the abbey on 6 September 1997?", "id": "56e8e77a99e8941900975ef6", "answers": [{"text": "funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first pope to set foot in the abbey?", "id": "56e8e77a99e8941900975ef7", "answers": [{"text": "Pope Benedict XVI", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did the first pope set foot in the abbey?", "id": "56e8e77a99e8941900975ef8", "answers": [{"text": "17 September 2010", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nationality was Sergei Fyodorov?", "id": "56e8e77a99e8941900975ef9", "answers": [{"text": "Russian", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sergei Fyodorov", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "Who painted the icons hung in the abbey in the 1980s?", "id": "5ad3f788604f3c001a3ffa1f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "What was held at the abbey on 6 September 1996?", "id": "5ad3f788604f3c001a3ffa20", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pope Benedict XVI", "answer_start": 196}], "question": "Who was the last pope to set foot in the abbey?", "id": "5ad3f788604f3c001a3ffa21", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "17 September 2010", "answer_start": 178}], "question": "On what date did the last pope set foot in the abbey?", "id": "5ad3f788604f3c001a3ffa22", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian", "answer_start": 30}], "question": "What nationality was Sergei Fedorov?", "id": "5ad3f788604f3c001a3ffa23", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the 1990s two icons by the Russian icon painter Sergei Fyodorov were hung in the abbey. On 6 September 1997 the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, was held at the Abbey. On 17 September 2010 Pope Benedict XVI became the first pope to set foot in the abbey."}], ["Henry VIII menganggap kawalan diraja secara langsung pada tahun 1539 dan membenarkan biara katedral oleh piagam pada 1540, serentak mengeluarkan paten surat yang menubuhkan Keuskupan dari Westminster. Dengan memberikan status katedral biara Henry VIII mendapat alasan untuk melepaskannya dari pemusnahan atau pembubaran yang dilakukannya terhadap kebanyakan biarawan bahasa Inggeris dalam tempoh ini. <> Bilakah Henry VIII mengambil kawalan diraja terus? || 1539 <> Siapa yang memberikan status katedral katedral pada tahun 1540? || Henry VIII <> Apakah status katedral menyelamatkan biara dari? || kemusnahan <> Apa yang mengubah status biara itu? || Keuskupan Westminster <> Bilakah Henry VII mengambil alih diraja diraja? || <> Bilakah Henry VIII mengambil kawalan diraja secara tidak langsung? || <> Siapa yang memberikan status katedral katedral pada tahun 1504? || <> Apakah status katedral tidak menyelamatkan biara dari? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Henry VIII take direct royal control?", "id": "56e8dd8c0b45c0140094cd29", "answers": [{"text": "1539", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who gave the abbey status of a cathedral in 1540?", "id": "56e8dd8c0b45c0140094cd2a", "answers": [{"text": "Henry VIII", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the cathedral status save the abbey from?", "id": "56e8dd8c0b45c0140094cd2b", "answers": [{"text": "destruction", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did changing the status of the abbey create?", "id": "56e8dd8c0b45c0140094cd2c", "answers": [{"text": "the Diocese of Westminster", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1539", "answer_start": 43}], "question": "When did Henry VII take direct royal control?", "id": "5ad3f531604f3c001a3ff973", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1539", "answer_start": 43}], "question": "When did Henry VIII take indirect royal control?", "id": "5ad3f531604f3c001a3ff974", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Henry VIII", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who gave the abbey status of a cathedral in 1504?", "id": "5ad3f531604f3c001a3ff975", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "destruction", "answer_start": 283}], "question": "What did the cathedral status not save the abbey from?", "id": "5ad3f531604f3c001a3ff976", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Henry VIII assumed direct royal control in 1539 and granted the abbey the status of a cathedral by charter in 1540, simultaneously issuing letters patent establishing the Diocese of Westminster. By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period."}], ["Keuskupan Westminster dibubarkan pada tahun 1550, tetapi biara itu diiktiraf (pada tahun 1552, secara retroaktif hingga 1550) sebagai katedral kedua Keuskupan London hingga 1556. Ekspresi yang sudah lama \"merampas Peter untuk membayar Paul\" mungkin telah diberikan baru pajakan hidup ketika uang dimaksudkan untuk biara, yang didedikasikan untuk Saint Peter, dialihkan ke perbendaharaan Katedral St Paul. <> Bilakah Keuskupan Westminster dibubarkan? || 1550 <> Biara itu diiktiraf sehingga 1556? || katedral kedua Keuskupan London <> Siapa biarawan yang ditujukan untuk? || Saint Peter <> Bilakah Diocese Westminster diselesaikan? || <> Bilakah Keuskupan Eastminster dibubarkan? || <> Biara itu dikenali sebagai apa selepas 1556? || <> Biara ini diiktiraf sehingga 1565? || <> Siapa yang bukan biarawan yang didedikasikan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was Westminster Diocese dissolved?", "id": "56e8de4b99e8941900975ee1", "answers": [{"text": "1550", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The abbey was recognised as what until 1556?", "id": "56e8de4b99e8941900975ee2", "answers": [{"text": "a second cathedral of the Diocese of London", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the abbey dedicated to?", "id": "56e8de4b99e8941900975ee3", "answers": [{"text": "Saint Peter", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1550", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "When was Westminster Diocese resolved?", "id": "5ad3f576604f3c001a3ff98f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1550", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "When was Eastminster Diocese dissolved?", "id": "5ad3f576604f3c001a3ff990", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a second cathedral of the Diocese of London", "answer_start": 108}], "question": "The abbey was recognised as what after 1556?", "id": "5ad3f576604f3c001a3ff991", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a second cathedral of the Diocese of London", "answer_start": 108}], "question": "The abbey was recognised as what until 1565?", "id": "5ad3f576604f3c001a3ff992", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Saint Peter", "answer_start": 313}], "question": "Who isn't the abbey dedicated to?", "id": "5ad3f576604f3c001a3ff993", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Westminster diocese was dissolved in 1550, but the abbey was recognised (in 1552, retroactively to 1550) as a second cathedral of the Diocese of London until 1556. The already-old expression \"robbing Peter to pay Paul\" may have been given a new lease of life when money meant for the abbey, which is dedicated to Saint Peter, was diverted to the treasury of St Paul's Cathedral."}], ["Pada tahun 1535, pendapatan tahunan biara sebanyak \u00a3 2400-2800 [\u00a3 rujukan] (\u00a3 1,310,000 hingga \u00a3 1,530,000 pada tahun 2016), semasa petugas penaksiran mengenai Pembubaran Biara-biara itu memberikan kedua dalam kekayaan hanya untuk Glastonbury Abbey. <> Bilakah pendapatan tahunan biara \u00a3 2400-2800? || 1535 <> Apa pendapatan tahunan biara pada tahun 2016? || \u00a3 1,310,000 hingga \u00a3 1,530,000 <> Ke mana biara lain adalah Westminster Abbey kedua dalam kekayaan? || Glastonbury Abbey <> Selama mana biara dibuat kedua dalam kekayaan? || petugas penilaian mengenai Pembubaran Biara <> Bilakah pendapatan tahunan biara \u00a3 2400-2700? || <> Apa pendapatan tahunan biara pada tahun 2015? || <> Ke mana biara lain ialah Westminster Abbey pertama dalam kekayaan? || <> Semasa apa biara dibuat ketiga dalam kekayaan? || <> Bilakah hutang tahunan biara \u00a3 2400-2700? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the abbey's annual income \u00a32400\u20132800?", "id": "56e8dca40b45c0140094cd21", "answers": [{"text": "1535", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the abbey's annual income as of 2016?", "id": "56e8dca40b45c0140094cd22", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a31,310,000 to \u00a31,530,000", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To which other abbey was Westminster Abbey second in wealth?", "id": "56e8dca40b45c0140094cd23", "answers": [{"text": "Glastonbury Abbey", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what was the abbey made second in wealth?", "id": "56e8dca40b45c0140094cd24", "answers": [{"text": "the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1535", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When was the abbey's annual income \u00a32400\u20132700?", "id": "5ad3f4c7604f3c001a3ff959", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u00a31,310,000 to \u00a31,530,000", "answer_start": 67}], "question": "What was the abbey's annual income as of 2015?", "id": "5ad3f4c7604f3c001a3ff95a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Glastonbury Abbey", "answer_start": 212}], "question": "To which other abbey was Westminster Abbey first in wealth?", "id": "5ad3f4c7604f3c001a3ff95b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries", "answer_start": 112}], "question": "During what was the abbey made third in wealth?", "id": "5ad3f4c7604f3c001a3ff95c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1535", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When was the abbey's annual debt \u00a32400\u20132700?", "id": "5ad3f4c7604f3c001a3ff95d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1535, the abbey's annual income of \u00a32400\u20132800[citation needed] (\u00a31,310,000 to \u00a31,530,000 as of 2016), during the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries rendered it second in wealth only to Glastonbury Abbey."}], ["Sejak penobatan di 1066 dari kedua-dua Raja Harold dan William the Conqueror, coronasi raja-raja Inggeris dan British telah diadakan di biara. Pada 1216, Henry III tidak dapat dimahkotai di London ketika dia pertama kali datang ke takhta, kerana putera Perancis Louis telah menguasai kota itu, dan oleh itu raja dinobatkan di Katedral Gloucester. Penobatan ini disifatkan oleh Paus sebagai tidak wajar dan penobatan selanjutnya diadakan di biara pada 17 Mei 1220. Ketua Biskop Canterbury adalah ulama tradisional dalam upacara penobatan. Di mana Henry III dinobatkan? || Katedral Gloucester <> Bilakah Henry III dinobatkan? || 1216 <> Siapa yang telah mengawal London ketika Henry III akan dinobatkan? || Putera Perancis Louis <> Siapa yang menganggap penobatan Henry III tidak sesuai? || Paus <> Siapa ahli keramat biasa untuk upacara penobatan? || Uskup Agung Canterbury <> Dimana Henry II dinobatkan? || <> Bilakah Henry II dinobatkan? || <> Siapa yang telah mengawal London ketika Henry II akan dinobatkan? || <> Siapa yang menganggap penobatan Henry II tidak sesuai? || <> Siapa yang menjadi ulama luar biasa untuk upacara penobatan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was Henry III crowned?", "id": "56e8e8bf0b45c0140094cd57", "answers": [{"text": "Gloucester Cathedral", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Henry III crowned?", "id": "56e8e8bf0b45c0140094cd58", "answers": [{"text": "1216", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who had taken control of London when Henry III was to be crowned?", "id": "56e8e8bf0b45c0140094cd59", "answers": [{"text": "French prince Louis", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who deemed Henry III's coronation to be improper?", "id": "56e8e8bf0b45c0140094cd5a", "answers": [{"text": "the Pope", "answer_start": 379}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the usual cleric for coronation ceremonies?", "id": "56e8e8bf0b45c0140094cd5b", "answers": [{"text": "The Archbishop of Canterbury", "answer_start": 467}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Gloucester Cathedral", "answer_start": 327}], "question": "Where was Henry II crowned?", "id": "5ad3f7c5604f3c001a3ffa41", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1216", "answer_start": 148}], "question": "When was Henry II crowned?", "id": "5ad3f7c5604f3c001a3ffa42", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "French prince Louis", "answer_start": 245}], "question": "Who had taken control of London when Henry II was to be crowned?", "id": "5ad3f7c5604f3c001a3ffa43", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Pope", "answer_start": 379}], "question": "Who deemed Henry II's coronation to be improper?", "id": "5ad3f7c5604f3c001a3ffa44", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Archbishop of Canterbury", "answer_start": 467}], "question": "Who is the unusual cleric for coronation ceremonies?", "id": "5ad3f7c5604f3c001a3ffa45", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Since the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]"}], ["Biara ini dikembalikan kepada Benediktin di bawah Katolik Mary I dari England, tetapi mereka sekali lagi dikeluarkan di bawah Elizabeth I pada tahun 1559. Pada 1560, Elizabeth mendirikan Westminster sebagai \"Peculiar Diraja\" - sebuah gereja dari Gereja England yang bertanggungjawab secara langsung kepada yang berdaulat, bukan kepada seorang uskup keuskupan - dan menjadikannya Gereja Kollegiat St Peter (yaitu sebuah gereja non-katedral dengan bab-bab kanon yang dilampirkan, dipimpin oleh dekan.) Yang terakhir dari abbots Mary dibuat dekan pertama. <> Biara itu dibahagikan kepada Benedictines di bawah siapa? || Mary I of England <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan Benediktin lagi pada tahun 1559? || Elizabeth I <> Apakah nama baru biara ketika Elizabeth I menubuhkan semula? || Gereja Kolej St Peter <> Siapa yang dijadikan dekan pertama gereja baru? || Yang terakhir dari abbots Mary <> Biara itu diampunkan kepada Benedictines di bawah siapa? || <> Biara itu tidak dibahagikan kepada Benedictines di bawah siapa? || <> Siapa yang menerima Benediktin lagi pada tahun 1559? || <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan Benediktin lagi pada tahun 1595? || <> Apakah nama baru biara ketika Elizabeth II membina semulanya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The abbey was regiven to the Benedictines under whom?", "id": "56e8df710b45c0140094cd31", "answers": [{"text": "Mary I of England", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ejected the Benedictines again in 1559?", "id": "56e8df710b45c0140094cd32", "answers": [{"text": "Elizabeth I", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the new name of the abbey when Elizabeth I reestablished it?", "id": "56e8df710b45c0140094cd34", "answers": [{"text": "Collegiate Church of St Peter", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was made the first dean of the new church?", "id": "56e8df710b45c0140094cd35", "answers": [{"text": "The last of Mary's abbots", "answer_start": 448}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mary I of England", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "The abbey was forgiven to the Benedictines under whom?", "id": "5ad3f5d6604f3c001a3ff9b1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mary I of England", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "The abbey wasn't regiven to the Benedictines under whom?", "id": "5ad3f5d6604f3c001a3ff9b2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Elizabeth I", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "Who accepted the Benedictines again in 1559?", "id": "5ad3f5d6604f3c001a3ff9b3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Elizabeth I", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "Who ejected the Benedictines again in 1595?", "id": "5ad3f5d6604f3c001a3ff9b4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The last of Mary's abbots", "answer_start": 448}], "question": "What was the new name of the abbey when Elizabeth II reestablished it?", "id": "5ad3f5d6604f3c001a3ff9b5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The abbey was restored to the Benedictines under the Catholic Mary I of England, but they were again ejected under Elizabeth I in 1559. In 1560, Elizabeth re-established Westminster as a \"Royal Peculiar\" \u2013 a church of the Church of England responsible directly to the Sovereign, rather than to a diocesan bishop \u2013 and made it the Collegiate Church of St Peter (that is, a non-cathedral church with an attached chapter of canons, headed by a dean.) The last of Mary's abbots was made the first dean."}], ["Sehingga abad ke-19, Westminster adalah tempat belajar ketiga di England, selepas Oxford dan Cambridge. Di sinilah sepertiga pertama dari Perjanjian Lama Alkitab King James dan separuh terakhir Perjanjian Baru diterjemahkan. The New English Bible juga digabungkan di sini pada abad ke-20. Westminster mengalami kerosakan kecil semasa Blitz pada 15 November 1940. <> Westminster Abbey adalah tempat pembelajaran ketiga yang tertinggi selepas mana dua tempat? || Oxford dan Cambridge <> Ketiga pertiga daripada apa yang diterjemahkan di biara itu? || Perjanjian Lama Alkitab <James> Separuh terakhir dari apa yang juga diterjemahkan di biara itu? || Perjanjian Baru <> The New English Bible telah disusun di biara pada masa apa? || Abad ke-20 <> Westminster Abbey mengalami kerosakan semasa pada 15 November 1940? || Blitz <> Westminster Abbey adalah tempat pembelajaran ketiga yang paling rendah selepas mana dua tempat? || <> Suku pertama yang diterjemahkan di biara itu? || <> Separuh pertama apa yang juga diterjemahkan di biara? || <> The Old English Bible telah disusun di biara pada masa apa? || <> Westminster Abbey mengalami kerosakan semasa pada 15 November 1904? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Westminster Abbey was the third highest place of learning after which two places?", "id": "56e8e69d0b45c0140094cd4d", "answers": [{"text": "Oxford and Cambridge", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first third of what was translated at the abbey?", "id": "56e8e69d0b45c0140094cd4e", "answers": [{"text": "King James Bible Old Testament", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The last half of what was also translated at the abbey?", "id": "56e8e69d0b45c0140094cd4f", "answers": [{"text": "New Testament", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The New English Bible was composed at the abbey during what time?", "id": "56e8e69d0b45c0140094cd50", "answers": [{"text": "20th century", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Westminster Abbey suffered damage during what on 15 November 1940?", "id": "56e8e69d0b45c0140094cd51", "answers": [{"text": "the Blitz", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Oxford and Cambridge", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "Westminster Abbey was the third lowest place of learning after which two places?", "id": "5ad3f728604f3c001a3ffa15", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "King James Bible Old Testament", "answer_start": 147}], "question": "The first quarter of what was translated at the abbey?", "id": "5ad3f728604f3c001a3ffa16", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "New Testament", "answer_start": 203}], "question": "The first half of what was also translated at the abbey?", "id": "5ad3f728604f3c001a3ffa17", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "20th century", "answer_start": 290}], "question": "The Old English Bible was composed at the abbey during what time?", "id": "5ad3f728604f3c001a3ffa18", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Blitz", "answer_start": 345}], "question": "Westminster Abbey suffered damage during what on 15 November 1904?", "id": "5ad3f728604f3c001a3ffa19", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Until the 19th century, Westminster was the third seat of learning in England, after Oxford and Cambridge. It was here that the first third of the King James Bible Old Testament and the last half of the New Testament were translated. The New English Bible was also put together here in the 20th century. Westminster suffered minor damage during the Blitz on 15 November 1940."}], ["Di lantai, hanya di dalam pintu barat yang besar, di tengah-tengah nave, adalah kubur The The Warrior yang tidak dikenali, seorang askar British yang tidak dikenali yang dibunuh di medan perang Eropah semasa Perang Dunia Pertama. Dia dikebumikan di dalam biara pada 11 November 1920. Kubur ini adalah satu-satunya di dalam biara yang mana ia dilarang berjalan. [Rujukan?] <> Bilakah Warrior Tidak Dikebumikan dikebumikan? || 11 November 1920 <> Bilakah The Warrior yang Dikenali dikebumikan? || <> Ketika wan'ts The Warrior yang tidak diketahui dikebumikan? || <> Kapan Pahlawan Tidak Dikenal terbakar? || <> Siapa kubur adalah satu-satunya di dalam biara di mana ia digalakkan untuk berjalan? || <> Siapa kubur bukan satu-satunya di dalam biara di mana ia digalakkan untuk berjalan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was The Unknown Warrior buried?", "id": "56e8f2c599e8941900975f14", "answers": [{"text": "11 November 1920", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "11 November 1920", "answer_start": 233}], "question": "When was The Known Warrior buried?", "id": "5ad3fae4604f3c001a3ffb2b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "11 November 1920", "answer_start": 233}], "question": "When wan'ts The Unknown Warrior buried?", "id": "5ad3fae4604f3c001a3ffb2c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "grave is the only one in the abbey on which it is forbidden", "answer_start": 256}], "question": "When was The Unknown Warrior burned?", "id": "5ad3fae4604f3c001a3ffb2d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Unknown Warrior", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "Whose grave is the only one in the abbey on which it is encouraged to walk?", "id": "5ad3fae4604f3c001a3ffb2e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Unknown Warrior", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "Whose grave isn't the only one in the abbey on which it is encouraged to walk?", "id": "5ad3fae4604f3c001a3ffb2f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the floor, just inside the great west door, in the centre of the nave, is the tomb of The Unknown Warrior, an unidentified British soldier killed on a European battlefield during the First World War. He was buried in the abbey on 11 November 1920. This grave is the only one in the abbey on which it is forbidden to walk.[citation needed]"}], ["Di hujung timur Lady Chapel adalah sebuah gereja peringatan kepada pejuang RAF yang terbunuh dalam Perang Dunia Kedua. Ia menggabungkan tingkap peringatan kepada Pertempuran Britain, yang menggantikan tingkap kaca Tudor yang lebih awal yang dimusnahkan dalam perang. <> Di manakah gereja peringatan para pejuang RAF? || Di hujung timur Lady Chapel <> Gereja peringatan para penumpang RAF mempunyai tetingkap untuk apa? || Pertempuran Britain <> Tetingkap untuk Pertempuran Britain menggantikan apa yang telah musnah? || Tudor tingkap kaca berwarna <> Di manakah gereja peringatan para ahli bomba RAF? || <> Di manakah gereja peringatan para penumpang ARF? || <> Kapel peringatan para pelaut RAF mempunyai tetingkap untuk apa? || <> Gereja peringatan para penumpang ARF mempunyai tingkap untuk apa? || <> Tetingkap untuk Pertempuran Britain menggantikan apa yang dicipta? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the memorial chapel of the airmen of the RAF?", "id": "56e8f34d99e8941900975f1b", "answers": [{"text": "At the east end of the Lady Chapel", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The memorial chapel of the airmen of the RAF has a window for what?", "id": "56e8f34d99e8941900975f1d", "answers": [{"text": "the Battle of Britain", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The window for the Battle of Britain replaced what that was destroyed?", "id": "56e8f34d99e8941900975f1e", "answers": [{"text": "Tudor stained glass window", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "end of the Lady Chapel", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "Where is the memorial chapel of the firemen of the RAF?", "id": "5ad3fb3b604f3c001a3ffb41", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "At the east end of the Lady Chapel", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Where is the memorial chapel of the airmen of the ARF?", "id": "5ad3fb3b604f3c001a3ffb42", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Battle of Britain", "answer_start": 163}], "question": "The memorial chapel of the seamen of the RAF has a window for what?", "id": "5ad3fb3b604f3c001a3ffb43", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Battle of Britain", "answer_start": 159}], "question": "The memorial chapel of the airmen of the ARF has a window for what?", "id": "5ad3fb3b604f3c001a3ffb44", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tudor stained glass window", "answer_start": 208}], "question": "The window for the Battle of Britain replaced what that was created?", "id": "5ad3fb3b604f3c001a3ffb45", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "At the east end of the Lady Chapel is a memorial chapel to the airmen of the RAF who were killed in the Second World War. It incorporates a memorial window to the Battle of Britain, which replaces an earlier Tudor stained glass window destroyed in the war."}], ["Pada hari Sabtu 6 September 1997, formal, walaupun bukan \"keadaan\" Pemakaman Diana, Puteri Wales, diadakan. Ia adalah upacara pengebumian diraja termasuk mantera diraja dan liturgi pemakaman Anglikan. Perkhidmatan Awam Kedua telah diadakan pada hari Ahad atas permintaan rakyat. Penguburan itu berlaku secara persendirian kemudian pada hari yang sama. Bekas suami Diana, anak-anak, ibu, adik-beradik, kawan rapat, dan seorang pendeta hadir. Tubuh Diana berpakaian hitam lengan panjang yang direka oleh Catherine Walker, yang telah dipilih beberapa minggu sebelum itu. Satu set manik rosario diletakkan di tangannya, hadiah yang dia terima dari Ibu Teresa. Kuburannya terletak di dasar perkuburan keluarganya, Althorp, di sebuah pulau peribadi. [Rujukan?] <> Bilakah pengkebumian rasmi Diana, Puteri Wales? || Sabtu 6 September, 1997 <> Ketika khidmat awam kedua diadakan untuk Putri Diana? || Ahad <> Siapa yang merancang pakaian Diana? || Catherine Walker <> Siapa yang memberikan Diana manik rosario? || Ibu Teresa <> Kapan pemakaman tidak rasmi Diana, Puteri Wales? || <> Bilakah pengkebumian rasmi Diana, Putera Wales? || <> Bilakah perkhidmatan awam yang ketiga diadakan untuk Princess Diana? || <> Bilakah perkhidmatan awam kedua diadakan untuk Princess Mary? || <> Siapa yang tidak pernah membuat pakaian Diana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the formal funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales?", "id": "56e8f3ff99e8941900975f23", "answers": [{"text": "Saturday September 6, 1997", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was a second public service held for Princess Diana?", "id": "56e8f3ff99e8941900975f24", "answers": [{"text": "Sunday", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who designed Diana's dress?", "id": "56e8f3ff99e8941900975f25", "answers": [{"text": "Catherine Walker", "answer_start": 481}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who gave Diana the rosary beads?", "id": "56e8f3ff99e8941900975f26", "answers": [{"text": "Mother Teresa", "answer_start": 615}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Saturday September 6, 1997", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When was the informal funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales?", "id": "5ad3fb9e604f3c001a3ffb6b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Saturday September 6, 1997", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When was the formal funeral of Diana, Prince of Wales?", "id": "5ad3fb9e604f3c001a3ffb6c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sunday", "answer_start": 234}], "question": "When was a third public service held for Princess Diana?", "id": "5ad3fb9e604f3c001a3ffb6d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sunday", "answer_start": 234}], "question": "When was a second public service held for Princess Mary?", "id": "5ad3fb9e604f3c001a3ffb6e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Catherine Walker", "answer_start": 481}], "question": "Who never designed Diana's dress?", "id": "5ad3fb9e604f3c001a3ffb6f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On Saturday September 6, 1997 the formal, though not \"state\" Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, was held. It was a royal ceremonial funeral including royal pageantry and Anglican funeral liturgy. A Second Public service was held on Sunday at the demand of the people. The burial occurred privately later the same day. Diana's former husband, sons, mother, siblings, a close friend, and a clergyman were present. Diana's body was clothed in a black long-sleeved dress designed by Catherine Walker, which she had chosen some weeks before. A set of rosary beads was placed in her hands, a gift she had received from Mother Teresa. Her grave is on the grounds of her family estate, Althorp, on a private island.[citation needed]"}], ["Sebagai tambahan kepada Dekan dan kanon, terdapat dua buah kanun kecil yang penuh waktu, satu adalah precentor, dan yang lain adalah sakramen. Pejabat Vicar Priest diwujudkan pada tahun 1970-an bagi mereka yang membantu kanon kecil. Bersama-sama dengan paderi dan Penerima Umum dan Kerani Bab, pelbagai pegawai awam terdiri daripada kolej, termasuk Organis dan Sarjana Choristers, Pendaftar, Juruaudit, Setiausaha Undang-undang, Juruukur Fabrik, Guru Besar sekolah koir , Penjaga Munimen dan Kerani Kerja, serta 12 wakil rahib, 10 pendakwa dan Steward Tinggi dan Bailif Tinggi. <> Berapa ramai orang beruang yang ada di sana? || 12 <> Berapa banyak penyihir ada di biara? || 10 <> Bilakah pejabat Vicar dibuat? || 1970-an <> Berapa banyak orang yang tidak berjiwa tidak ada? || <> Berapa ramai penyanyi berbaring di sana? || <> Berapa ramai choristers tidak ada di biara? || <> Bilakah tidak pejabat Vicar Priest dicipta? || <> Bilakah pejabat imam Vicar dimusnahkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many lay vicars are there?", "id": "56e8ebd40b45c0140094cd6b", "answers": [{"text": "12", "answer_start": 564}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many choristers are there at the abbey?", "id": "56e8ebd40b45c0140094cd6c", "answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 579}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the office of Priest Vicar created?", "id": "56e8ebd40b45c0140094cd6e", "answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "12", "answer_start": 564}], "question": "How many lay vicars aren't there?", "id": "5ad3f8f2604f3c001a3ffa91", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "12", "answer_start": 564}], "question": "How many lay singers are there?", "id": "5ad3f8f2604f3c001a3ffa92", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 579}], "question": "How many choristers aren't there at the abbey?", "id": "5ad3f8f2604f3c001a3ffa93", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 175}], "question": "When wasn't the office of Priest Vicar created?", "id": "5ad3f8f2604f3c001a3ffa94", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 175}], "question": "When was the office of Priest Vicar destroyed?", "id": "5ad3f8f2604f3c001a3ffa95", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In addition to the Dean and canons, there are at present two full-time minor canons, one is precentor, and the other is sacrist. The office of Priest Vicar was created in the 1970s for those who assist the minor canons. Together with the clergy and Receiver General and Chapter Clerk, various lay officers constitute the college, including the Organist and Master of the Choristers, the Registrar, the Auditor, the Legal Secretary, the Surveyor of the Fabric, the Head Master of the choir school, the Keeper of the Muniments and the Clerk of the Works, as well as 12 lay vicars, 10 choristers and the High Steward and High Bailiff."}], ["Pada awal abad ke-20 ia menjadi semakin biasa untuk mengebumikan jenazah yang dibakar dan bukannya keranda di dalam biara. Pada tahun 1905, pelakon Sir Henry Irving telah dikremasi dan abunya dikebumikan di Westminster Abbey, dan seterusnya menjadi orang pertama yang pernah dikremasi sebelum diselubungi biara. Kebanyakan interaksi di Abbey adalah jenazah yang dikremasi, tetapi beberapa pengebumian masih berlangsung - Frances Challen, isteri Rev Sebastian Charles, Canon of Westminster, dimakamkan bersama suaminya di lorong choir selatan pada tahun 2014. Anggota Percy Keluarga mempunyai peti besi keluarga, The Northumberland Vault, di gereja St Nicholas di dalam biara. <> Pada awal abad ke-20 ia menjadi lebih biasa untuk mengebumikan apa jenis jenazah? || cremated <> Pada tahun apakah Sir Henry Irving dikremasi? || 1905 <> Siapa yang dikebumikan di lorong choir selatan pada tahun 2014? || Frances Challen <> Keluarga apa yang ada di Northumberland Vault? || Percy Family <> Pada awal abad ke-19 ia menjadi lebih umum untuk menguburkan jenis jenazah? || <> Pada tahun apakah Sir Henry Irving dikebumikan? || <> Siapa yang dikebumikan di lorong choir selatan pada tahun 2004? || <> Keluarga apa yang tidak ada di Northumberland Vault? || <> Keluarga apa yang ada di Southumberland Vault? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In the early 20th century it became more common to bury what kind of remains?", "id": "56e8f1fb0b45c0140094cd89", "answers": [{"text": "cremated", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Sir Henry Irving cremated?", "id": "56e8f1fb0b45c0140094cd8a", "answers": [{"text": "1905", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was buried in the south choir aisle in 2014?", "id": "56e8f1fb0b45c0140094cd8b", "answers": [{"text": "Frances Challen", "answer_start": 398}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What family has the Northumberland Vault?", "id": "56e8f1fb0b45c0140094cd8c", "answers": [{"text": "Percy Family", "answer_start": 554}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "cremated", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "In the early 19th century it became more common to bury what kind of remains?", "id": "5ad3fa73604f3c001a3ffb07", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1905", "answer_start": 122}], "question": "In what year was Sir Henry Irving buried?", "id": "5ad3fa73604f3c001a3ffb08", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Frances Challen", "answer_start": 398}], "question": "Who was buried in the south choir aisle in 2004?", "id": "5ad3fa73604f3c001a3ffb09", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Percy Family", "answer_start": 554}], "question": "What family hasn't the Northumberland Vault?", "id": "5ad3fa73604f3c001a3ffb0a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Percy Family", "answer_start": 554}], "question": "What family has the Southumberland Vault?", "id": "5ad3fa73604f3c001a3ffb0b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During the early 20th century it became increasingly common to bury cremated remains rather than coffins in the abbey. In 1905 the actor Sir Henry Irving was cremated and his ashes buried in Westminster Abbey, thereby becoming the first person ever to be cremated prior to interment at the abbey. The majority of interments at the Abbey are of cremated remains, but some burials still take place - Frances Challen, wife of the Rev Sebastian Charles, Canon of Westminster, was buried alongside her husband in the south choir aisle in 2014. Members of the Percy Family have a family vault, The Northumberland Vault, in St Nicholas's chapel within the abbey."}], ["Dari Abad Pertengahan, bangsawan telah dikebumikan di dalam gereja, sementara sami dan orang lain yang dikaitkan dengan biara itu dikebumikan di dalam cloister dan kawasan lain. Salah satunya ialah Geoffrey Chaucer, yang dikebumikan di sini kerana dia mempunyai pangsapuri di biara di mana dia bekerja sebagai tuan kerja Raja. Penyair, penulis dan pemuzik lain dikebumikan atau dipermainkan di sekitar Chaucer dalam apa yang dikenali sebagai Sudut Penyair. Para pemuzik Abbey seperti Henry Purcell juga dikebumikan di tempat kerja mereka. [Rujukan?] <> Di mana bangsawan dikebumikan dari Abad Pertengahan? || di dalam kapel <> Geoffrey Chaucer telah bekerja sebagai apa? || tuan Kerja Raja <> Henry Purcell dikuburkan di mana? || di biara <> Di manakah bangsawan dikebumikan dari Zaman Akhir? || <> Di mana bangsawan dibakar dari Abad Pertengahan? || <> Geoffrey Chaucer menganggur apa? || <> Geoffrey Chaucer tidak digunakan sebagai apa? || <> Henry Purcell dibakar di mana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where were aristocrats buried from the Middle Ages?", "id": "56e8ee3299e8941900975f09", "answers": [{"text": "inside chapels", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Geoffrey Chaucer was employed as what?", "id": "56e8ee3299e8941900975f0a", "answers": [{"text": "master of the King's Works", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Henry Purcell was buried where?", "id": "56e8ee3299e8941900975f0c", "answers": [{"text": "in the abbey", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "inside chapels", "answer_start": 46}], "question": "Where were aristocrats buried from the Later Ages?", "id": "5ad3f9b9604f3c001a3ffacd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "inside chapels", "answer_start": 46}], "question": "Where were aristocrats burned from the Middle Ages?", "id": "5ad3f9b9604f3c001a3fface", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "master of the King's Works", "answer_start": 277}], "question": "Geoffrey Chaucer was unemployed as what?", "id": "5ad3f9b9604f3c001a3ffacf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "master of the King's Works", "answer_start": 277}], "question": "Geoffrey Chaucer wasn't employed as what?", "id": "5ad3f9b9604f3c001a3ffad0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in the abbey", "answer_start": 239}], "question": "Henry Purcell was burned where?", "id": "5ad3f9b9604f3c001a3ffad1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "From the Middle Ages, aristocrats were buried inside chapels, while monks and other people associated with the abbey were buried in the cloisters and other areas. One of these was Geoffrey Chaucer, who was buried here as he had apartments in the abbey where he was employed as master of the King's Works. Other poets, writers and musicians were buried or memorialised around Chaucer in what became known as Poets' Corner. Abbey musicians such as Henry Purcell were also buried in their place of work.[citation needed]"}], ["Henry III membina semula biara sebagai penghormatan kepada seorang kudus diraja, Edward the Confessor, yang peninggalannya diletakkan di kuil di tempat kudus. Henry III sendiri dikebumikan di dekatnya, seperti banyak dari raja-raja Plantagenet di England, isteri-isteri mereka dan saudara-mara lain. Sehingga kematian George II dari Great Britain pada tahun 1760, kebanyakan raja dan permaisuri dikebumikan di biara, beberapa pengecualian yang ketara ialah Henry VI, Edward IV, Henry VIII dan Charles I yang dikebumikan di Kapel St George di Windsor Castle. Pengecualian lain termasuk Richard III, kini dikebumikan di Katedral Leicester, dan ratu de facto Lady Jane Grey, dikebumikan di kapel St Peter ad Vincula di Menara London. Kebanyakan raja dan royal yang meninggal dunia selepas 1760 dikebumikan sama ada di Kapel St George atau di Frogmore di sebelah timur Istana Windsor. Henry III membina semula biara sebagai penghormatan kepada siapa? || Edward the Confessor <> Bilakah George II dari Great Britain mati? || 1760 <> Siapa Edward Pengakuan? || seorang penjaga diraja <> Dimana Henry VI dikebumikan? || Kapel St George di Windsor Castle <> Dimana Richard III dikebumikan? || Katedral Leicester <> Henry II membina semula biara itu sebagai penghormatan kepada siapa? || <> Bilakah George I of Great Britain mati? || <> Siapa yang tidak Edward the Confessor? || <> Dimana Henry V dikebumikan? || <> Di mana Richard II dikebumikan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Henry III rebuilt the abbey in honour of whom?", "id": "56e8ed4f0b45c0140094cd75", "answers": [{"text": "Edward the Confessor", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did George II of Great Britain die?", "id": "56e8ed4f0b45c0140094cd76", "answers": [{"text": "1760", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Edward the Confessor?", "id": "56e8ed4f0b45c0140094cd77", "answers": [{"text": "a royal saint", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Henry VI buried?", "id": "56e8ed4f0b45c0140094cd78", "answers": [{"text": "St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle", "answer_start": 452}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Richard III buried?", "id": "56e8ed4f0b45c0140094cd79", "answers": [{"text": "Leicester Cathedral", "answer_start": 542}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Edward the Confessor", "answer_start": 56}], "question": "Henry II rebuilt the abbey in honour of whom?", "id": "5ad3f94e604f3c001a3ffaaf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in 1760", "answer_start": 301}], "question": "When did George I of Great Britain die?", "id": "5ad3f94e604f3c001a3ffab0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a royal saint", "answer_start": 41}], "question": "Who wasn't Edward the Confessor?", "id": "5ad3f94e604f3c001a3ffab1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle", "answer_start": 452}], "question": "Where was Henry V buried?", "id": "5ad3f94e604f3c001a3ffab2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Leicester Cathedral", "answer_start": 542}], "question": "Where was Richard II buried?", "id": "5ad3f94e604f3c001a3ffab3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Henry III rebuilt the abbey in honour of a royal saint, Edward the Confessor, whose relics were placed in a shrine in the sanctuary. Henry III himself was interred nearby, as were many of the Plantagenet kings of England, their wives and other relatives. Until the death of George II of Great Britain in 1760, most kings and queens were buried in the abbey, some notable exceptions being Henry VI, Edward IV, Henry VIII and Charles I who are buried in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. Other exceptions include Richard III, now buried at Leicester Cathedral, and the de facto queen Lady Jane Grey, buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula in the Tower of London. Most monarchs and royals who died after 1760 are buried either in St George's Chapel or at Frogmore to the east of Windsor Castle.[citation needed]"}], ["Pengerusi King Edward (atau Pengerusi St Edward), takhta di mana Inggeris dan British berdaulat telah duduk di saat penobatan, ditempatkan di dalam biara dan telah digunakan pada setiap penobatan sejak 1308. Dari 1301 hingga 1996 (kecuali untuk masa yang singkat pada tahun 1950 apabila ia dicuri oleh ahli-ahli kebangsaan Scotland), kerusi itu juga menempatkan Stone of Scone di mana raja-raja Skotlandia dimahkotai. Walaupun Batu kini disimpan di Scotland, di Istana Edinburgh, pada masa depan coronations itu dimaksudkan bahawa Batu akan dikembalikan ke Kerusi St Edward untuk digunakan semasa upacara penobatan. [Rujukan?] Apa nama takhta yang digunakan untuk penobatan? || Pengerusi King Edward <> Apakah nama lain untuk Pengerusi King Edward? || Kerusi St Edward <> Sebaik apa yang raja-raja orang Skotlandia mengetuk? || Batu Scone <> Yang telah mencuri Batu Scone? || Nationalists of Scotland <> Apakah nama takhta yang tidak digunakan untuk penobatan? || <> Apa nama lain untuk Pengerusi King Edward? || <> Apabila apa yang raja-raja Wales mengoroni? || <> Siapa yang telah mencuri Batu Batu? || <> Siapa yang telah melindungi Batu Scone? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the throne used for coronation?", "id": "56e8e97d99e8941900975eff", "answers": [{"text": "King Edward's Chair", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for King Edward's Chair?", "id": "56e8e97d99e8941900975f00", "answers": [{"text": "St Edward's Chair", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Upon what are kings of Scots coronated?", "id": "56e8e97d99e8941900975f01", "answers": [{"text": "the Stone of Scone", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who had stolen the Stone of Scone?", "id": "56e8e97d99e8941900975f03", "answers": [{"text": "Scottish nationalists", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "King Edward's Chair", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is the name of the throne unused for coronation?", "id": "5ad3f81b604f3c001a3ffa53", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "St Edward's Chair", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "What isn't another name for King Edward's Chair?", "id": "5ad3f81b604f3c001a3ffa54", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Stone of Scone", "answer_start": 353}], "question": "Upon what are kings of Wales coronated?", "id": "5ad3f81b604f3c001a3ffa55", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Scottish nationalists", "answer_start": 303}], "question": "Who had stolen the Stone of Stone?", "id": "5ad3f81b604f3c001a3ffa56", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Scottish nationalists", "answer_start": 303}], "question": "Who had protected the Stone of Scone?", "id": "5ad3f81b604f3c001a3ffa57", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "King Edward's Chair (or St Edward's Chair), the throne on which English and British sovereigns have been seated at the moment of coronation, is housed within the abbey and has been used at every coronation since 1308. From 1301 to 1996 (except for a short time in 1950 when it was temporarily stolen by Scottish nationalists), the chair also housed the Stone of Scone upon which the kings of Scots are crowned. Although the Stone is now kept in Scotland, in Edinburgh Castle, at future coronations it is intended that the Stone will be returned to St Edward's Chair for use during the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]"}], ["Seterusnya, ia menjadi salah satu penghormatan yang paling penting di Britain untuk dikebumikan atau diperingati di biara. Amalan menguburkan angka kebangsaan di biara itu bermula di bawah Oliver Cromwell dengan pengkebumian Laksamana Robert Blake pada tahun 1657. Amalan ini merangkumi jeneral, laksamana, ahli politik, doktor dan saintis seperti Isaac Newton, yang dikebumikan pada 4 April 1727, dan Charles Darwin, dikebumikan pada 26 April 1882. Satu lagi adalah William Wilberforce yang mengetuai pergerakan itu untuk menghapuskan perbudakan di United Kingdom dan Plantations, yang dikebumikan pada 3 Ogos 1833. Wilberforce telah dikebumikan di utara transept, dekat dengan kawannya, bekas Perdana Menteri, William Pitt. [Rujukan?] <> Oliver Cromwell mula membintangi tokoh kebangsaan di biara yang bermula dengan siapa? || Laksamana Robert Blake <> Yang dikebumikan di biara pada 4 April 1727? || Isaac Newton <> Siapa yang dikebumikan di biara pada 26 April 1882? || Charles Darwin <> Yang dikebumikan di biara pada 3 Ogos 1833? || William Wilberforce <> Siapa yang dikebumikan di sebelah William Wilberforce? || William Pitt <> Oliver Cromwell mula membina angka kebangsaan di biara yang berakhir dengan siapa? || <> Siapa yang dikebumikan di biara pada 4 April 1772? || <> Siapa yang dikebumikan di biara pada 26 April 1828? || <> Siapa yang dikebumikan di biara pada 3 Ogos 1883? || <> Siapa dikebumikan dengan William Wilberforce? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Oliver Cromwell began buring national figures in the abbey starting with whom?", "id": "56e8f03d0b45c0140094cd7f", "answers": [{"text": "Admiral Robert Blake", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was buried in the abbey on 4 April 1727?", "id": "56e8f03d0b45c0140094cd80", "answers": [{"text": "Isaac Newton", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was buried in the abbey on 26 April 1882?", "id": "56e8f03d0b45c0140094cd81", "answers": [{"text": "Charles Darwin", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was buried in the abbey on 3 August 1833?", "id": "56e8f03d0b45c0140094cd82", "answers": [{"text": "William Wilberforce", "answer_start": 427}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was buried next to William Wilberforce?", "id": "56e8f03d0b45c0140094cd83", "answers": [{"text": "William Pitt", "answer_start": 649}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Admiral Robert Blake", "answer_start": 210}], "question": "Oliver Cromwell began buring national figures in the abbey ending with whom?", "id": "5ad3fa11604f3c001a3ffaeb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Isaac Newton", "answer_start": 335}], "question": "Who was buried in the abbey on 4 April 1772?", "id": "5ad3fa11604f3c001a3ffaec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Charles Darwin", "answer_start": 377}], "question": "Who was buried in the abbey on 26 April 1828?", "id": "5ad3fa11604f3c001a3ffaed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "William Wilberforce", "answer_start": 427}], "question": "Who was buried in the abbey on 3 August 1883?", "id": "5ad3fa11604f3c001a3ffaee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "William Pitt", "answer_start": 649}], "question": "Who was buried under to William Wilberforce?", "id": "5ad3fa11604f3c001a3ffaef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Subsequently, it became one of Britain's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated in the abbey. The practice of burying national figures in the abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657. The practice spread to include generals, admirals, politicians, doctors and scientists such as Isaac Newton, buried on 4 April 1727, and Charles Darwin, buried 26 April 1882. Another was William Wilberforce who led the movement to abolish slavery in the United Kingdom and the Plantations, buried on 3 August 1833. Wilberforce was buried in the north transept, close to his friend, the former Prime Minister, William Pitt.[citation needed]"}], ["Westminster Abbey adalah jemaat kolej yang diketuai oleh Dekan dan Bab Westminster, seperti yang ditubuhkan oleh Piagam Diraja Queen Elizabeth I pada tahun 1560, yang menjadikannya sebagai Gereja Kollegi St Peter Westminster dan Peculiar Diraja di bawah bidang kuasa peribadi Raja. Ahli-ahli Bab adalah Dekan dan empat orang pemastautin, dibantu oleh Penerima Umum dan Kerani Bab. Salah satu daripada kanon itu juga Rektor Gereja St Margaret, Westminster, dan sering memegang jawatan Chaplain kepada Speaker Dewan Rakyat. <> Gereja macam mana adalah Westminster Abbey? || jemaat kolej <> Siapakah yang menciptakan Westminster Abbey sebagai Gereja Kollegiate St Peter Westminster? || Ratu Elizabeth I <> Siapa yang mentadbir gereja? || Dekan dan Bab Westminster <> Siapa ahli-ahli bab Westminster? || Dekan dan empat pemastautin kanon <> yang membantu bab Westminster? || Penerima Umum dan Kerani Bab <> Gereja macam mana bukan Westminster Abbey? || <> Yang membenci Westminster Abbey sebagai Gereja Kollegiate St Peter Westminster? || <> Siapa yang mentadbir sekolah? || <> Siapa yang bukan ahli bab Westminster? || <> Siapa yang menolak bab Westminster? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of church is Westminster Abbey?", "id": "56e8ea980b45c0140094cd61", "answers": [{"text": "collegiate church", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created Westminster Abbey as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster?", "id": "56e8ea980b45c0140094cd62", "answers": [{"text": "Queen Elizabeth I", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who governs the church?", "id": "56e8ea980b45c0140094cd63", "answers": [{"text": "the Dean and Chapter of Westminster", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who are the members of the chapter of Westminster?", "id": "56e8ea980b45c0140094cd64", "answers": [{"text": "the Dean and four canons residentiary", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who assist the chapter of Westminster?", "id": "56e8ea980b45c0140094cd65", "answers": [{"text": "the Receiver General and Chapter Clerk", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "collegiate church", "answer_start": 23}], "question": "What kind of church isn't Westminster Abbey?", "id": "5ad3f8b5604f3c001a3ffa7b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Queen Elizabeth I", "answer_start": 125}], "question": "Who hated Westminster Abbey as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster?", "id": "5ad3f8b5604f3c001a3ffa7c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Dean and Chapter of Westminster", "answer_start": 53}], "question": "Who governs the school?", "id": "5ad3f8b5604f3c001a3ffa7d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Dean and four canons residentiary", "answer_start": 320}], "question": "Who aren't the members of the chapter of Westminster?", "id": "5ad3f8b5604f3c001a3ffa7e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Receiver General and Chapter Clerk", "answer_start": 371}], "question": "Who rejects the chapter of Westminster?", "id": "5ad3f8b5604f3c001a3ffa7f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Westminster Abbey is a collegiate church governed by the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, as established by Royal charter of Queen Elizabeth I in 1560, which created it as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster and a Royal Peculiar under the personal jurisdiction of the Sovereign. The members of the Chapter are the Dean and four canons residentiary, assisted by the Receiver General and Chapter Clerk. One of the canons is also Rector of St Margaret's Church, Westminster, and often holds also the post of Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons."}], ["Rumah bab dibina serentak dengan bahagian timur biara di bawah Henry III, antara kira-kira 1245 dan 1253. Ia telah dipulihkan oleh Sir George Gilbert Scott pada tahun 1872. Pintu masuk itu didekati dari jalan kaki di sebelah timur dan termasuk sebuah pintu masuk dua tympanum besar di atas. <> Di manakah rumah bab dibina? || Henry III <> Yang memulihkan rumah bab pada tahun 1872? || Sir George Gilbert Scott <> Di bawah siapa bukan rumah bab yang dibina? || <> Di manakah rumah bab dibubarkan? || <> Yang memulihkan rumah bab pada tahun 1827? || <> Siapa yang memusnahkan rumah bab pada tahun 1872? || <> Yang memulihkan rumah kapel pada tahun 1872? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Under whom was the chapter house built?", "id": "56e8f8170b45c0140094cda5", "answers": [{"text": "Henry III", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who restored the chapter house in 1872?", "id": "56e8f8170b45c0140094cda7", "answers": [{"text": "Sir George Gilbert Scott", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Henry III", "answer_start": 80}], "question": "Under whom wasn't the chapter house built?", "id": "5ad3fe94604f3c001a3ffc4b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Henry III", "answer_start": 80}], "question": "Under whom was the chapter house torn down?", "id": "5ad3fe94604f3c001a3ffc4c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sir George Gilbert Scott", "answer_start": 139}], "question": "Who restored the chapter house in 1827?", "id": "5ad3fe94604f3c001a3ffc4d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sir George Gilbert Scott", "answer_start": 139}], "question": "Who destroyed the chapter house in 1872?", "id": "5ad3fe94604f3c001a3ffc4e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sir George Gilbert Scott", "answer_start": 139}], "question": "Who restored the chapel house in 1872?", "id": "5ad3fe94604f3c001a3ffc4f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The chapter house was built concurrently with the east parts of the abbey under Henry III, between about 1245 and 1253. It was restored by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1872. The entrance is approached from the east cloister walk and includes a double doorway with a large tympanum above."}], ["Lonceng di biara telah diubahsuai pada tahun 1971. Cincin itu kini terdiri daripada sepuluh lonceng, digantung untuk perubahan gelung, yang dilancarkan pada tahun 1971 oleh Whitechapel Bell Foundry, disetel pada nota: F #, E, D, C #, B, A, G, F #, E dan D. Lonceng Tenor dalam D (588.5 Hz) mempunyai berat 30 cwt, 1 qtr, 15 lb (3403 lb atau 1544 kg). <> Bilakah loceng dibongkar? || 1971 <> Berapa banyak loceng membentuk cincin biara? || Sepuluh <> Bilakah sepuluh loceng dibuang? || 1971 <> Siapa yang membuang loceng biara? || Whitechapel Bell Foundry <> Bilakah tidak lonceng dibakar? || <> Bilakah loceng dibatalkan? || <> Berapa banyak lonceng tidak membentuk cincin biara? || <> Bilakah loceng ine yang dilemparkan? || <> Siapa yang memusnahkan loceng biara? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When were the bells overhauled?", "id": "56e8f6a899e8941900975f35", "answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many bells make up the abbey ring?", "id": "56e8f6a899e8941900975f36", "answers": [{"text": "Ten", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the ten bells cast?", "id": "56e8f6a899e8941900975f37", "answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who cast the abbey bells?", "id": "56e8f6a899e8941900975f38", "answers": [{"text": "Whitechapel Bell Foundry", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 42}], "question": "When weren't the bells overhauled?", "id": "5ad3fded604f3c001a3ffc11", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 42}], "question": "When were the bells scrapped?", "id": "5ad3fded604f3c001a3ffc12", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ten", "answer_start": 75}], "question": "How many bells don't make up the abbey ring?", "id": "5ad3fded604f3c001a3ffc13", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 119}], "question": "When were the ine bells cast?", "id": "5ad3fded604f3c001a3ffc14", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Whitechapel Bell Foundry", "answer_start": 132}], "question": "Who destroyed the abbey bells?", "id": "5ad3fded604f3c001a3ffc15", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The bells at the abbey were overhauled in 1971. The ring is now made up of ten bells, hung for change ringing, cast in 1971, by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, tuned to the notes: F#, E, D, C#, B, A, G, F#, E and D. The Tenor bell in D (588.5 Hz) has a weight of 30 cwt, 1 qtr, 15 lb (3403 lb or 1544 kg)."}], ["Hiasan dalaman dan luaran membawa kepada rumah babat segi tiga, yang merupakan kesucian seni bina yang luar biasa. Ia dibina dalam gaya Gothik Geometri dengan crypt segi empat tepat di bawah. Dermaga lapan shafts membawa siling berkubah. Ke sisi-sisi adalah arcading buta, sisa-sisa lukisan abad ke-14 dan banyak bangku batu di atas yang merupakan tingkap empat-cahaya bertingkat yang berinovasi besar-besaran. Ini hampir kontemporari dengan Sainte-Chapelle, Paris. <> Gaya apa yang dimaksudkan dengan rumah babat segi delapan? || Gaya Geometri Gothic <> Terdapat satu segi lapan apa di bawah rumah bab? || crypt <> Apa jenis siling di dalam rumah bab? || berkubah <> Apa jenis tingkap di dalam rumah bab? || 4-light quatre-foiled windows <> Seni bina rumah bab kontemporari dengan apa? || Sainte-Chapelle, Paris <> Gaya apa yang menjadi rumah kapel oktagon? || <> Terdapat satu segi lapan apa di atas rumah bab? || <> Siling jenis apa yang tidak di dalam rumah bab? || <> Apa jenis tingkap yang tidak terdapat dalam rumah bab? || <> Seni bina rumah gereja kontemporari dengan apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What style is the octagonal chapter house?", "id": "56e8f8fa99e8941900975f47", "answers": [{"text": "Geometrical Gothic style", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "There is an octagonal what below the chapter house?", "id": "56e8f8fa99e8941900975f48", "answers": [{"text": "crypt", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of ceiling is in the chapter house?", "id": "56e8f8fa99e8941900975f49", "answers": [{"text": "vaulted", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of windows are in the chapter house?", "id": "56e8f8fa99e8941900975f4a", "answers": [{"text": "4-light quatre-foiled windows", "answer_start": 362}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The architecture of the chapter house is contemporary with what?", "id": "56e8f8fa99e8941900975f4b", "answers": [{"text": "the Sainte-Chapelle, Paris", "answer_start": 431}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Geometrical Gothic style", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "What style is the octagonal chapel house?", "id": "5ad3fefd604f3c001a3ffc69", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "crypt", "answer_start": 170}], "question": "There is an octagonal what above the chapter house?", "id": "5ad3fefd604f3c001a3ffc6a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "vaulted", "answer_start": 218}], "question": "What kind of ceiling isn't in the chapter house?", "id": "5ad3fefd604f3c001a3ffc6b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "4-light quatre-foiled windows", "answer_start": 362}], "question": "What kind of windows aren't in the chapter house?", "id": "5ad3fefd604f3c001a3ffc6c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Sainte-Chapelle, Paris", "answer_start": 431}], "question": "The architecture of the chapel house is contemporary with what?", "id": "5ad3fefd604f3c001a3ffc6d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Inner and outer vestibules lead to the octagonal chapter house, which is of exceptional architectural purity. It is built in a Geometrical Gothic style with an octagonal crypt below. A pier of eight shafts carries the vaulted ceiling. To the sides are blind arcading, remains of 14th-century paintings and numerous stone benches above which are innovatory large 4-light quatre-foiled windows. These are virtually contemporary with the Sainte-Chapelle, Paris."}], ["Dewan Pyx membentuk keturunan bhikkhu. Ia bermula pada abad ke-11 dan digunakan sebagai perbendaharaan monastik dan kerajaan. Dinding luar dan tiang bulat adalah pada abad ke-11, beberapa ibu kota diperkaya pada abad ke-12 dan altar batu ditambah pada abad ke-13. Istilah pyx merujuk kepada dada boxwood di mana syiling telah dipegang dan dibentangkan kepada juri semasa Percubaan Pyx, di mana syiling yang baru dicetak dikemukakan untuk memastikan mereka mematuhi piawaian yang diperlukan. <> Apa yang membina asrama asrama? || The Pyx Chamber <> Kapan Dewan Pyx tarikh? || akhir abad ke-11 <> Bilakah koin baru dicetak dikemukakan untuk memastikan mereka memenuhi piawaian? || Percubaan Pyx <> Apa yang menimbulkan overcroft dari asrama para biarawan? || <> Apa yang memusnahkan asrama asrama? || <> Bilakah tidak tarikh Pyx Chamber? || <> Bilakah tarikh ke Styx Chamber? || <> Apabila duit syiling dicetak untuk memastikan mereka memenuhi piawaian? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What formed the undercroft of the monks' dormitory?", "id": "56e8faa20b45c0140094cdb7", "answers": [{"text": "The Pyx Chamber", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When does the Pyx Chamber date to?", "id": "56e8faa20b45c0140094cdb8", "answers": [{"text": "the late 11th century", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were newly minted coins presented to ensure they met standards?", "id": "56e8faa20b45c0140094cdb9", "answers": [{"text": "the Trial of the Pyx", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Pyx Chamber", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What formed the overcroft of the monks' dormitory?", "id": "5ad3ffc5604f3c001a3ffc9d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Pyx Chamber", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What destroyed the undercroft of the monks' dormitory?", "id": "5ad3ffc5604f3c001a3ffc9e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "late 11th century", "answer_start": 79}], "question": "When doesn't the Pyx Chamber date to?", "id": "5ad3ffc5604f3c001a3ffc9f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "late 11th century", "answer_start": 79}], "question": "When does the Styx Chamber date to?", "id": "5ad3ffc5604f3c001a3ffca0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Trial of the Pyx", "answer_start": 407}], "question": "When were oldly minted coins presented to ensure they met standards?", "id": "5ad3ffc5604f3c001a3ffca1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Pyx Chamber formed the undercroft of the monks' dormitory. It dates to the late 11th century and was used as a monastic and royal treasury. The outer walls and circular piers are of 11th-century date, several of the capitals were enriched in the 12th century and the stone altar added in the 13th century. The term pyx refers to the boxwood chest in which coins were held and presented to a jury during the Trial of the Pyx, in which newly minted coins were presented to ensure they conformed to the required standards."}], ["Rumah bab dan Dewan Pyx di Westminster Abbey berada dalam penjagaan Warisan Inggeris, tetapi di bawah penjagaan dan pengurusan Dekan dan Bab Westminster. Warisan Bahasa Inggeris telah membiayai satu program utama kerja di rumah bab ini, yang terdiri daripada pembaikan ke bumbung, talang, kerja keras pada ketinggian dan menaiki terbang serta pembaikan ke lampu utama. <> Dewan dan rumah bab Pyx berada di bawah penjagaan siapa? || Bahasa Inggeris Warisan <> Siapa yang mengurus dan menguruskan rumah Pyx dan rumah bab? || Dekan dan Bab Westminster <> Warisan Inggeris telah membiayai apa untuk rumah bab ini? || pembaikan <> Dewan Pyx dan rumah bab tidak di bawah pengaman siapa? || <> Dewan Styx dan rumah bab di bawah kepercayaan? || <> Siapa yang tidak lagi peduli dan menguruskan ruang Pyx dan rumah bab? || <> Siapa yang peduli dan mengurus bilik Styx dan rumah bab? || <> Bahasa Inggeris Warisan telah tidak dibina apa untuk rumah bab ini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The Pyx Chamber and chapter house are under guardianship of whom?", "id": "56e8fb1a0b45c0140094cdbf", "answers": [{"text": "English Heritage", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who cares for and manages the Pyx Chamber and chapter house?", "id": "56e8fb1a0b45c0140094cdc0", "answers": [{"text": "the Dean and Chapter of Westminster", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "English Heritage has funded what for the chapter house?", "id": "56e8fb1a0b45c0140094cdc1", "answers": [{"text": "repairs", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "English Heritage", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "The Pyx Chamber and chapter house aren't under guardianship of whom?", "id": "5ad40040604f3c001a3ffcc1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "English Heritage", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "The Styx Chamber and chapter house are under guardianship of whom?", "id": "5ad40040604f3c001a3ffcc2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Dean and Chapter of Westminster", "answer_start": 141}], "question": "Who no longer cares for and manages the Pyx Chamber and chapter house?", "id": "5ad40040604f3c001a3ffcc3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Dean and Chapter of Westminster", "answer_start": 137}], "question": "Who cares for and manages the Styx Chamber and chapter house?", "id": "5ad40040604f3c001a3ffcc4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "repairs", "answer_start": 262}], "question": "English Heritage has unfunded what for the chapter house?", "id": "5ad40040604f3c001a3ffcc5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The chapter house and Pyx Chamber at Westminster Abbey are in the guardianship of English Heritage, but under the care and management of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster. English Heritage have funded a major programme of work on the chapter house, comprising repairs to the roof, gutters, stonework on the elevations and flying buttresses as well as repairs to the lead light."}], ["Rumah bab ini mempunyai turapan jubin pertengahan abad ke-13 yang asal. Pintu masuk di dalam vestibule bermula dari sekitar 1050 dan dipercayai sebagai yang tertua di England. [Rujukan?] Eksterior termasuk buttresses terbang yang ditambahkan pada abad ke-14 dan bumbung lentur-lentera yang dipimpin pada rangka besi yang direka oleh Scott. Rumah Bab pada asalnya digunakan pada abad ke-13 oleh para bhikkhu Benedictine untuk pertemuan harian. Ia kemudian menjadi tempat pertemuan Majlis Besar Raja dan Commons, pendahulu Parlimen. <> Apa jenis turapan berjubin di dalam rumah bab? || pertengahan abad ke-13 <> Sebuah pintu dalam tarikh yang boleh dicapai kembali ke mana? || 1050 <> Bilakah adegan-adegan terbang luaran itu ditambah? || abad ke-14 <> Siapa lagi yang bertemu di rumah bab? || Majlis Besar Raja dan Commons <> Apa jenis turapan berjubin di rumah gereja? || <> Tetingkap pada tarikh yang boleh dicapai kembali ke semasa? || <> Bilakah kawasan penambah arah dalaman ditambah? || <> Siapa lagi yang tidak pernah jumpa di rumah bab? || <> Bilakah abang-abah terbang luar dikeluarkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of tiled pavement is in the chapter house?", "id": "56e8f9f90b45c0140094cdad", "answers": [{"text": "mid-13th-century", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A door in the vestible dates back to when?", "id": "56e8f9f90b45c0140094cdae", "answers": [{"text": "1050", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the exterior flying buttresses added?", "id": "56e8f9f90b45c0140094cdb0", "answers": [{"text": "the 14th century", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who else met in the chapter house?", "id": "56e8f9f90b45c0140094cdb1", "answers": [{"text": "King's Great Council and the Commons", "answer_start": 451}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mid-13th-century", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "What kind of tiled pavement is in the chapel house?", "id": "5ad3ff76604f3c001a3ffc89", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1050", "answer_start": 113}], "question": "A window in the vestible dates back to when?", "id": "5ad3ff76604f3c001a3ffc8a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the 14th century", "answer_start": 229}], "question": "When were the interior flying buttresses added?", "id": "5ad3ff76604f3c001a3ffc8b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "King's Great Council and the Commons", "answer_start": 451}], "question": "Who else never met in the chapter house?", "id": "5ad3ff76604f3c001a3ffc8c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the 14th century", "answer_start": 229}], "question": "When were the exterior flying buttresses subtracted?", "id": "5ad3ff76604f3c001a3ffc8d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The chapter house has an original mid-13th-century tiled pavement. A door within the vestibule dates from around 1050 and is believed to be the oldest in England.[citation needed] The exterior includes flying buttresses added in the 14th century and a leaded tent-lantern roof on an iron frame designed by Scott. The Chapter house was originally used in the 13th century by Benedictine monks for daily meetings. It later became a meeting place of the King's Great Council and the Commons, predecessors of Parliament."}], ["Di samping itu terdapat dua lonceng servis, yang dilancarkan oleh Robert Mot, pada 1585 dan 1598 masing-masing, sebuah loceng Sanctus pada 1738 oleh Richard Phelps dan Thomas Lester dan dua loceng yang tidak digunakan - kira-kira 1320, oleh penerus R de Wymbish, dan pelakon kedua pada 1742, oleh Thomas Lester. Kedua-dua loceng perkhidmatan dan 1320 loceng, bersama-sama dengan \"bel pinggan\" perak kecil, disimpan dalam refectory, telah dianggap sebagai kepentingan sejarah oleh Majlis Bangunan Gereja Gereja England. <> Siapa yang membuang dua khidmat? || Robert Mot <> Bilakah kedua-dua lonceng perkhidmatan itu dibuang? || 1585 dan 1598 <> Bilakah pelakon Bell Sanctus? || 1738 <> Siapa yang membuang loceng Sanctus? || Richard Phelps dan Thomas Lester <> Di mana \"bel pisau\" disimpan? || di refectory <> Siapa yang membuang tiga lonceng perkhidmatan? || <> Bilakah ketiga-tiga loceng perkhidmatan itu dibuang? || <> Bilakah loceng Sanctus hancur? || <> Siapa yang memusnahkan loceng Sanctus? || <> Di mana tidak \"bel pisau\" disimpan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who cast the two service bells?", "id": "56e8f74999e8941900975f3d", "answers": [{"text": "Robert Mot", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the two service bells cast?", "id": "56e8f74999e8941900975f3e", "answers": [{"text": "1585 and 1598", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Sanctus bell cast?", "id": "56e8f74999e8941900975f3f", "answers": [{"text": "1738", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who cast the Sanctus bell?", "id": "56e8f74999e8941900975f40", "answers": [{"text": "Richard Phelps and Thomas Lester", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the \"dish bell\" kept?", "id": "56e8f74999e8941900975f41", "answers": [{"text": "in the refectory", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Robert Mot,", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "Who cast the three service bells?", "id": "5ad3fe4b604f3c001a3ffc2b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1585 and 1598", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "When were the three service bells cast?", "id": "5ad3fe4b604f3c001a3ffc2c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1738", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "When was the Sanctus bell ruined?", "id": "5ad3fe4b604f3c001a3ffc2d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Richard Phelps and Thomas Lester", "answer_start": 123}], "question": "Who destroyed the Sanctus bell?", "id": "5ad3fe4b604f3c001a3ffc2e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in the refectory", "answer_start": 369}], "question": "Where isn't the \"dish bell\" kept?", "id": "5ad3fe4b604f3c001a3ffc2f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In addition there are two service bells, cast by Robert Mot, in 1585 and 1598 respectively, a Sanctus bell cast in 1738 by Richard Phelps and Thomas Lester and two unused bells\u2014one cast about 1320, by the successor to R de Wymbish, and a second cast in 1742, by Thomas Lester. The two service bells and the 1320 bell, along with a fourth small silver \"dish bell\", kept in the refectory, have been noted as being of historical importance by the Church Buildings Council of the Church of England."}], ["Westminster School dan Westminster Abbey Choir School juga terdapat di daerah biara. Ia adalah semulajadi bagi para bhiksu yang dipelajar dan berpengetahuan yang diamanahkan dengan pendidikan, dan para bhikkhu Benedictine dikehendaki oleh Paus untuk menjaga sekolah amal di 1179. Sekolah Koir mendidik dan melatih para paduan suara yang menyanyi untuk perkhidmatan di Abbey. <> Apa juga yang ada di kawasan presiden Westminster Abbey? || Westminster School dan Westminster Abbey School Choir <> Siapa yang memerlukan rahib Benedictine untuk menjaga sekolah amal? || Paus <> Bilakah para biarawan Benedictine diperlukan untuk mengekalkan sekolah amal? || 1179 <> The choirboys of the biara dilatih di mana? || Westminster Abbey Choir School <> Apa juga yang ada di kawasan di Eastminster Abbey? || <> Siapa yang tidak memerlukan rahib Benedictine untuk menjaga sekolah amal? || <> Siapa yang memerlukan rahib Benediktine untuk mengekalkan sekolah kesombongan? || <> Bilakah para bhikkhu Benedictine diperlukan untuk mengekalkan sekolah kesombongan? || <> Murid-murid di dalam biara itu dilatih di mana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are also in the precincts of Westminster Abbey?", "id": "56e8f4ab0b45c0140094cd93", "answers": [{"text": "Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who required the Benedictine monks to maintain a charity school?", "id": "56e8f4ab0b45c0140094cd94", "answers": [{"text": "the Pope", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the Benedictine monks required to maintain a charity school?", "id": "56e8f4ab0b45c0140094cd95", "answers": [{"text": "1179", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The choirboys of the abbey are trained where?", "id": "56e8f4ab0b45c0140094cd96", "answers": [{"text": "Westminster Abbey Choir School", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What are also in the precincts of Eastminster Abbey?", "id": "5ad3fcd1604f3c001a3ffbb7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Pope", "answer_start": 215}], "question": "Who never required the Benedictine monks to maintain a charity school?", "id": "5ad3fcd1604f3c001a3ffbb8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Pope", "answer_start": 215}], "question": "Who required the Benedictine monks to maintain a vanity school?", "id": "5ad3fcd1604f3c001a3ffbb9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1179", "answer_start": 256}], "question": "When were the Benedictine monks required to maintain a vanity school?", "id": "5ad3fcd1604f3c001a3ffbba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Westminster Abbey Choir School", "answer_start": 23}], "question": "The altar boys of the abbey are trained where?", "id": "5ad3fcd1604f3c001a3ffbbb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School are also in the precincts of the abbey. It was natural for the learned and literate monks to be entrusted with education, and Benedictine monks were required by the Pope to maintain a charity school in 1179. The Choir School educates and trains the choirboys who sing for services in the Abbey."}], ["Organ itu dibina oleh Harrison & Harrison pada tahun 1937, kemudian dengan empat manual dan 84 perhentian bercakap, dan digunakan untuk pertama kalinya pada penobatan Raja George VI. Sesetengah kerja paip dari organ bukit sebelumnya 1848 telah ditolak dan dimasukkan ke dalam skim baru. Kedua-dua kes organ, yang direka pada akhir abad ke-19 oleh John Loughborough Pearson, telah disegarkan semula dan berwarna pada tahun 1959. <> Siapa yang membina organ itu? || Harrison & Harrison <> Bilakah organ dibina? || 1937 <> Bilakah organ pertama digunakan? || penobatan Raja George VI <> Apa yang dimasukkan ke dalam organ baru dari organ bukit sebelumnya 1848? || pipework <> Siapa yang merancang kes-kes organ? || John Loughborough Pearson <> Siapa yang memusnahkan organ? || <> Bilakah organ dimusnahkan? || <> Bilakah organ terakhir digunakan? || <> Apa yang dimasukkan ke dalam organ baru dari organ bukit sebelumnya 1948? || <> Siapa yang merancang kes-kes organ tiga? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who built the organ?", "id": "56e8f5740b45c0140094cd9b", "answers": [{"text": "Harrison & Harrison", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the organ built? ", "id": "56e8f5740b45c0140094cd9c", "answers": [{"text": "1937", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the organ first used?", "id": "56e8f5740b45c0140094cd9d", "answers": [{"text": "the coronation of King George VI", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was included in the new organ from the previous Hill organ of 1848?", "id": "56e8f5740b45c0140094cd9e", "answers": [{"text": "pipework", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who designed the two organ cases?", "id": "56e8f5740b45c0140094cd9f", "answers": [{"text": "John Loughborough Pearson", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Harrison & Harrison", "answer_start": 23}], "question": "Who destroyed the organ?", "id": "5ad3fd15604f3c001a3ffbcb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1937", "answer_start": 46}], "question": "When was the organ destroyed? ", "id": "5ad3fd15604f3c001a3ffbcc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "King George VI", "answer_start": 151}], "question": "When was the organ last used?", "id": "5ad3fd15604f3c001a3ffbcd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "pipework", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "What was included in the new organ from the previous Hill organ of 1948?", "id": "5ad3fd15604f3c001a3ffbce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "John Loughborough Pearson", "answer_start": 325}], "question": "Who designed the three organ cases?", "id": "5ad3fd15604f3c001a3ffbcf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The organ was built by Harrison & Harrison in 1937, then with four manuals and 84 speaking stops, and was used for the first time at the coronation of King George VI. Some pipework from the previous Hill organ of 1848 was revoiced and incorporated in the new scheme. The two organ cases, designed in the late 19th century by John Loughborough Pearson, were re-instated and coloured in 1959."}], ["Pada tahun 1982 dan 1987, Harrison dan Harrison memperluas organ di bawah arahan organis yang kemudian Simon Preston untuk memasukkan tambahan Organ Choir dan Organ Bombarde: instrumen semasa kini mempunyai lima manual dan 109 perhentian bercakap. Pada tahun 2006, konsol organ itu telah diperbaharui oleh Harrison dan Harrison, dan ruang disediakan untuk dua lagi hentian 16 kaki di Organ Rendah Choir dan Organ Bombarde. Satu bahagian instrumen, Organ Celestial, kini tidak disambungkan atau dimainkan. <> Apa bahagian organ tidak disambungkan atau dimainkan? || Organ Celestial <> Apa bahagian organ yang disambungkan atau dimainkan? || <> Apa bahagian organ boleh dimainkan sepenuhnya? || <> Pada tahun 2008, konsol organ telah diperbaharui oleh siapa? || <> Pada tahun 2006, konsol organ telah dimusnahkan oleh siapa? || <> Pada tahun 2006, konsol gitar telah diubahsuai oleh siapa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What part of the organ is not connected or playable?", "id": "56e8f62999e8941900975f30", "answers": [{"text": "the Celestial Organ", "answer_start": 460}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Celestial Organ", "answer_start": 460}], "question": "What part of the organ is connected or playable?", "id": "5ad3fd89604f3c001a3ffbeb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Celestial Organ", "answer_start": 460}], "question": "What part of the organ is fully playable?", "id": "5ad3fd89604f3c001a3ffbec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Harrison and Harrison", "answer_start": 306}], "question": "In 2008, the console of the organ was refurbished by who?", "id": "5ad3fd89604f3c001a3ffbed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Harrison and Harrison", "answer_start": 306}], "question": "In 2006, the console of the organ was destroyed by who?", "id": "5ad3fd89604f3c001a3ffbee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Harrison and Harrison", "answer_start": 306}], "question": "In 2006, the console of the guitar was refurbished by who?", "id": "5ad3fd89604f3c001a3ffbef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1982 and 1987, Harrison and Harrison enlarged the organ under the direction of the then abbey organist Simon Preston to include an additional Lower Choir Organ and a Bombarde Organ: the current instrument now has five manuals and 109 speaking stops. In 2006, the console of the organ was refurbished by Harrison and Harrison, and space was prepared for two additional 16 ft stops on the Lower Choir Organ and the Bombarde Organ. One part of the instrument, the Celestial Organ, is currently not connected or playable."}], ["Penambahan pameran baru-baru ini adalah akhir abad ke-13 Westminster Retable, altar altar tertua England, yang paling mungkin direka untuk mega tinggi biara. Walaupun ia telah rosak dalam abad yang lalu, panel telah dibersihkan dan dipelihara dengan cekap. <> Apa yang baru-baru ini ditambah kepada pameran muzium? || Westminster Retable pada abad ke-13 <> Apa Westminster Retable? || Bahan penutup altar tertua di England <> Apakah bahan altar yang direka untuk? || mezbah tinggi biara <> Apa yang rosak tetapi dibersihkan dan kemudian dipelihara? || altarpiece <> Apa yang baru-baru ini ditolak dari pameran muzium? || <> Apa yang belum ditambah pada pameran muzium? || <> Apa yang tidak Westminster Retable? || <> Apakah bahan altar yang tidak direka untuk? || <> Apa yang tidak rosak tetapi dibersihkan dan kemudian dipelihara? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was recently added to the museum exhibit?", "id": "56e8fd9c99e8941900975f63", "answers": [{"text": "13th-century Westminster Retable", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Westminster Retable?", "id": "56e8fd9c99e8941900975f64", "answers": [{"text": "England's oldest altarpiece", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the altarpiece designed for?", "id": "56e8fd9c99e8941900975f65", "answers": [{"text": "high altar of the abbey", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was damaged but cleaned and then conserved?", "id": "56e8fd9c99e8941900975f66", "answers": [{"text": "altarpiece", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "13th-century Westminster Retable", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "What was recently subtracted from the museum exhibit?", "id": "5ad40161604f3c001a3ffd15", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "13th-century Westminster Retable", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "What wasn't recently added to the museum exhibit?", "id": "5ad40161604f3c001a3ffd16", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "England's oldest altarpiece", "answer_start": 82}], "question": "What isn't the Westminster Retable?", "id": "5ad40161604f3c001a3ffd17", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "high altar of the abbey", "answer_start": 152}], "question": "What was the altarpiece undesigned for?", "id": "5ad40161604f3c001a3ffd18", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "altarpiece", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "What was undamaged but cleaned and then conserved?", "id": "5ad40161604f3c001a3ffd19", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A recent addition to the exhibition is the late 13th-century Westminster Retable, England's oldest altarpiece, which was most probably designed for the high altar of the abbey. Although it has been damaged in past centuries, the panel has been expertly cleaned and conserved."}], ["Satu projek yang sedang dijalankan adalah penciptaan Galeri Jubilee Diamond The Queen di triforium zaman pertengahan biara. Matlamatnya adalah untuk mewujudkan kawasan paparan baru untuk khazanah biara di galeri yang tinggi di sekeliling nafas biara. Untuk tujuan ini menara akses Gothic yang baru dengan lif telah direka oleh arkitek biara dan Surveyor Fabrik, Ptolemy Dean. Ia dirancang bahawa galeri-galeri baru akan dibuka pada 2018. <> Apa yang akan dibuat dalam triforium abad pertengahan? || Galeri Queen Jubilee Queen <> Apa yang telah direka untuk membantu galeri? || Menara akses Gothic dengan lif <> Bilakah galeri baru akan dibuka? || 2018 <> Apa yang akan dimusnahkan dalam triforium zaman pertengahan? || <> Apa yang akan dibuat dalam bifrum zaman pertengahan? || <> Apa yang tidak dirancang untuk membantu dengan galeri? || <> Bilakah galeri baru akan ditutup? || <> Bilakah galeri lama akan dibuka? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What will be created in the medieval triforium?", "id": "56e8ff6c99e8941900975f6b", "answers": [{"text": "The Queen's Diamond Jubilee Galleries", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has been designed to help with the gallery?", "id": "56e8ff6c99e8941900975f6d", "answers": [{"text": "Gothic access tower with lift", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When will the new galleries open?", "id": "56e8ff6c99e8941900975f6f", "answers": [{"text": "2018", "answer_start": 423}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Queen's Diamond Jubilee Galleries", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "What will be destroyed in the medieval triforium?", "id": "5ad401f0604f3c001a3ffd37", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Queen's Diamond Jubilee Galleries", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "What will be created in the medieval biforium?", "id": "5ad401f0604f3c001a3ffd38", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Gothic access tower with lift", "answer_start": 260}], "question": "What has been undesigned to help with the gallery?", "id": "5ad401f0604f3c001a3ffd39", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2018", "answer_start": 423}], "question": "When will the new galleries close?", "id": "5ad401f0604f3c001a3ffd3a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2018", "answer_start": 423}], "question": "When will the old galleries open?", "id": "5ad401f0604f3c001a3ffd3b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A project that is proceeding is the creation of The Queen's Diamond Jubilee Galleries in the medieval triforium of the abbey. The aim is to create a new display area for the abbey's treasures in the galleries high up around the abbey's nave. To this end a new Gothic access tower with lift has been designed by the abbey architect and Surveyor of the Fabric, Ptolemy Dean. It is planned that the new galleries will open in 2018."}], ["Muzium Westminster Abbey terletak di bawah kekejaman berkubah abad ke-11 di bawah asrama bekas biarawan di Westminster Abbey. Ini adalah salah satu kawasan biara tertua, sejak hampir sampai ke dasar gereja oleh Edward the Confessor pada tahun 1065. Ruang ini telah digunakan sebagai muzium sejak tahun 1908. <> Apa yang terletak di undercroft berkubah di bawah rahib 'asrama? || Muzium Westminster Abbey <> Kawasan muzium itu menduduki tarikh kembali ke? || 1065 <> The undercroft berkubah di bawah asrama 'asrama telah muzium sejak bila? || 1908 <> Apa yang terletak di atas berkubah berkubah di bawah asrama? || <> Apa yang terdapat di bawah kaki bawah berkubah di atas asrama? || <> Kawasan kedai menduduki tarikh semula? || <> The undercroft berkubah di bawah asrama 'asrama belum muzium sejak kapan? || <> The overcroft berkubah di bawah asrama 'asrama telah muzium sejak bila? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is located in the vaulted undercroft beneath the monks' dormitory?", "id": "56e8fbad0b45c0140094cdc5", "answers": [{"text": "The Westminster Abbey Museum", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The area the museum occupies dates back to when?", "id": "56e8fbad0b45c0140094cdc6", "answers": [{"text": "1065", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The vaulted undercroft beneath the monks' dormitory has been a museum since when?", "id": "56e8fbad0b45c0140094cdc7", "answers": [{"text": "1908", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Westminster Abbey Museum", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is located in the vaulted overcroft beneath the monks' dormitory?", "id": "5ad4008a604f3c001a3ffcd5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Westminster Abbey Museum", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is located in the vaulted undercroft above the monks' dormitory?", "id": "5ad4008a604f3c001a3ffcd6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1065", "answer_start": 261}], "question": "The area the store occupies dates back to when?", "id": "5ad4008a604f3c001a3ffcd7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1908", "answer_start": 310}], "question": "The vaulted undercroft beneath the monks' dormitory hasn't been a museum since when?", "id": "5ad4008a604f3c001a3ffcd8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1908", "answer_start": 310}], "question": "The vaulted overcroft beneath the monks' dormitory has been a museum since when?", "id": "5ad4008a604f3c001a3ffcd9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Westminster Abbey Museum is located in the 11th-century vaulted undercroft beneath the former monks' dormitory in Westminster Abbey. This is one of the oldest areas of the abbey, dating back almost to the foundation of the church by Edward the Confessor in 1065. This space has been used as a museum since 1908."}], ["Kemudian lukisan lilin termasuk rupa Horatio, Viscount Nelson, memakai pakaiannya sendiri dan seorang lagi Perdana Menteri William Pitt, Earl dari Chatham, dimodelkan oleh pemahat kelahiran Amerika Syarikat, Patience Wright. Semasa pemeliharaan Elizabeth I effigy, korset unik yang berasal dari 1603 ditemui pada gambar dan kini dipaparkan secara berasingan. [rujukan?] <> Siapa yang memodelkan patung di muzium itu? || pemahat Patience Wright <> Apakah patung-patung yang diperbuat daripada? || lilin <> Apakah patung Viscount Nelson memakai? || beberapa pakaiannya sendiri <> Siapa yang tidak pernah memodelkan patung di muzium itu? || <> Apa yang tidak diperbuat daripada patung? || <> Apakah peti sejuk yang diperbuat daripada? || <> Apakah effigy Discount Nelson memakai? || <> Apa yang bukan patung Viscount Nelson memakai? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who modelled the effigies in the museum?", "id": "56e8fd2b99e8941900975f59", "answers": [{"text": "sculptor Patience Wright", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the effigies made of?", "id": "56e8fd2b99e8941900975f5a", "answers": [{"text": "wax", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the effigy of Viscount Nelson wearing?", "id": "56e8fd2b99e8941900975f5b", "answers": [{"text": "some of his own clothes", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sculptor Patience Wright", "answer_start": 190}], "question": "Who never modelled the effigies in the museum?", "id": "5ad40114604f3c001a3ffd01", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "wax", "answer_start": 6}], "question": "What aren't the effigies made of?", "id": "5ad40114604f3c001a3ffd02", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "wax", "answer_start": 6}], "question": "What are the fridges made of?", "id": "5ad40114604f3c001a3ffd03", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "some of his own clothes", "answer_start": 75}], "question": "What is the effigy of Discount Nelson wearing?", "id": "5ad40114604f3c001a3ffd04", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "some of his own clothes", "answer_start": 75}], "question": "What isn't the effigy of Viscount Nelson wearing?", "id": "5ad40114604f3c001a3ffd05", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Later wax effigies include a likeness of Horatio, Viscount Nelson, wearing some of his own clothes and another of Prime Minister William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, modelled by the American-born sculptor Patience Wright.[citation needed] During recent conservation of Elizabeth I's effigy, a unique corset dating from 1603 was found on the figure and is now displayed separately.[citation needed]"}], ["Pameran ini termasuk koleksi patung pengebumian dan pengebumian lain (pelana pengebumian, helm dan perisai Henry V), bersama dengan khazanah lain, termasuk beberapa panel kaca abad pertengahan, serpihan patung abad ke-12, kerusi penobatan Mary II dan replika penobatan pakaian, dan patung-patung bersejarah Edward III, Henry VII dan ratu, Elizabeth dari York, Charles II, William III, Mary II dan Queen Anne. <> Apa yang dimiliki Henry V di muzium? || pelana pengebumian, helm dan perisai <> Apa jenis panel di muzium? || panel kaca abad pertengahan <> Apa yang dimiliki oleh Henry VI di muzium? || <> Apa yang dimiliki Henry V tidak di dalam muzium? || <> Apa yang tidak termasuk Henry V di muzium? || <> Panel apa jenis tidak di dalam muzium? || <> Panel apa jenis di perpustakaan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What belonging to Henry V is in the museum?", "id": "56e8fc6799e8941900975f51", "answers": [{"text": "funeral saddle, helm and shield", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of panels are in the museum?", "id": "56e8fc6799e8941900975f53", "answers": [{"text": "panels of mediaeval glass", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "funeral saddle, helm and shield", "answer_start": 71}], "question": "What belonging to Henry VI is in the museum?", "id": "5ad400cf604f3c001a3ffce5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "funeral saddle, helm and shield", "answer_start": 71}], "question": "What belonging to Henry V isn't in the museum?", "id": "5ad400cf604f3c001a3ffce6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "funeral saddle, helm and shield", "answer_start": 71}], "question": "What not belonging to Henry V is in the museum?", "id": "5ad400cf604f3c001a3ffce7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "panels of mediaeval glass", "answer_start": 162}], "question": "What kind of panels aren't in the museum?", "id": "5ad400cf604f3c001a3ffce8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "panels of mediaeval glass", "answer_start": 162}], "question": "What kind of panels are in the library?", "id": "5ad400cf604f3c001a3ffce9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The exhibits include a collection of royal and other funeral effigies (funeral saddle, helm and shield of Henry V), together with other treasures, including some panels of mediaeval glass, 12th-century sculpture fragments, Mary II's coronation chair and replicas of the coronation regalia, and historic effigies of Edward III, Henry VII and his queen, Elizabeth of York, Charles II, William III, Mary II and Queen Anne."}], ["Pada bulan Jun 2009 bangunan utama pertama di biara selama 250 tahun dicadangkan. Ciri-ciri seni bina mahkota seperti corona-dimaksudkan untuk dibina di sekitar tanglung di lintasan tengah, menggantikan struktur pyramidal yang ada sejak tahun 1950-an. Ini adalah sebahagian daripada pembangunan lebuh raya sebesar 23 juta pound yang dijangka siap pada tahun 2013. Pada 4 Ogos 2010, Dekan dan Bab mengumumkan bahawa, \"[a] akan menghasilkan sejumlah besar kerja awal dan penerokaan\", usaha ke arah pembinaan korona tidak akan diteruskan. Pada tahun 2012, arkitek Panter Hudspith menyelesaikan pembaikan kedai makanan abad ke-14 yang pada asalnya digunakan oleh biarawan biara, mengubahnya menjadi sebuah restoran dengan perabot Inggeris Oak oleh pembuat perabot berasaskan Covent Garden, Luke Hughes dan Company. <> Apa yang dicadangkan untuk biara pada bulan Jun 2009? || kerja bangunan utama <> Pada tarikh apa Dekan dan Bab mengumumkan bahawa kerja tidak akan diteruskan? || 4 Ogos 2010 <> Panter Hudspith memperbaharui kedai makanan abad ke-14 ke dalam apa? || sebuah restoran <> Apa jenis perabot di restoran? || Bahasa Inggeris Oak <> Siapa yang membekalkan perabot untuk restoran? || Luke Hughes and Company <> Apa yang dicadangkan untuk biara pada bulan Jun 2008? || <> Pada tarikh apa Dekan dan Bab mengumumkan bahawa kerja akan diteruskan? || <> Panter Hudspith diperbaharui sebuah kedai makanan abad ke-13 ke dalam apa? || <> Jenis perabot apa tidak di restoran? || <> Siapa yang tidak pernah membekalkan perabot untuk restoran itu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was proposed for the abbey in June 2009?", "id": "56e8fe7f0b45c0140094cdcb", "answers": [{"text": "major building work", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did the Dean and Chapter announce that work would not be continued?", "id": "56e8fe7f0b45c0140094cdcc", "answers": [{"text": "4 August 2010", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Panter Hudspith refurbished a 14th-century foodstore into what?", "id": "56e8fe7f0b45c0140094cdcd", "answers": [{"text": "a restaurant", "answer_start": 692}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of furniture is in the restaurant?", "id": "56e8fe7f0b45c0140094cdce", "answers": [{"text": "English Oak", "answer_start": 710}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who supplied the furniture for the restaurant?", "id": "56e8fe7f0b45c0140094cdcf", "answers": [{"text": "Luke Hughes and Company", "answer_start": 772}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "major building work", "answer_start": 23}], "question": "What was proposed for the abbey in June 2008?", "id": "5ad401b0604f3c001a3ffd23", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "4 August 2010", "answer_start": 356}], "question": "On what date did the Dean and Chapter announce that work would be continued?", "id": "5ad401b0604f3c001a3ffd24", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a restaurant", "answer_start": 692}], "question": "Panter Hudspith refurbished a 13th-century foodstore into what?", "id": "5ad401b0604f3c001a3ffd25", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "English Oak", "answer_start": 710}], "question": "What kind of furniture isn't in the restaurant?", "id": "5ad401b0604f3c001a3ffd26", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Luke Hughes and Company", "answer_start": 772}], "question": "Who never supplied the furniture for the restaurant?", "id": "5ad401b0604f3c001a3ffd27", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In June 2009 the first major building work at the abbey for 250 years was proposed. A corona\u2014a crown-like architectural feature\u2014was intended to be built around the lantern over the central crossing, replacing an existing pyramidal structure dating from the 1950s. This was part of a wider \u00a323m development of the abbey expected to be completed in 2013. On 4 August 2010 the Dean and Chapter announced that, \"[a]fter a considerable amount of preliminary and exploratory work\", efforts toward the construction of a corona would not be continued. In 2012, architects Panter Hudspith completed refurbishment of the 14th-century food-store originally used by the abbey's monks, converting it into a restaurant with English Oak furniture by Covent Garden-based furniture makers Luke Hughes and Company."}]], [["Rasuah politik adalah penggunaan kuasa oleh pegawai kerajaan untuk keuntungan peribadi yang tidak sah. Tindakan perbuatan haram oleh pemegang pejabat merupakan korupsi politik hanya jika perbuatan itu secara langsung berkaitan dengan tugas resmi mereka, dilakukan di bawah undang-undang atau melibatkan perdagangan dalam pengaruh. <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila pegawai kerajaan menggunakan kuasa mereka untuk keuntungan peribadi? || Rasuah politik", {"qas": [{"question": "What is it called when government officials use their power for private gain?", "id": "56e9ebac5a205f1900d6d326", "answers": [{"text": "Political corruption", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties, is done under color of law or involves trading in influence."}], ["Rasuah juga menjejaskan penyelewengan ekonomi dalam sektor awam dengan mengalihkan pelaburan awam ke dalam projek modal di mana rasuah dan sogokan lebih banyak. Pegawai-pegawai boleh meningkatkan kerumitan teknikal projek-projek sektor awam untuk menyembunyikan atau membuka jalan bagi urusan-urusan sedemikian, dengan itu akan memutarbelitkan lagi pelaburan. Rasuah juga mengurangkan pematuhan terhadap pembinaan, alam sekitar, atau peraturan lain, mengurangkan kualiti perkhidmatan kerajaan dan infrastruktur, dan meningkatkan tekanan belanjawan ke atas kerajaan. <> Gangguan ekonomi dicipta oleh rasuah dalam sektor awam dengan mengalihkan apa yang menjadi projek modal? || pelaburan awam <> Apa yang lebih banyak dalam projek modal? || rasuah dan sogokan <> Rasuah boleh mengurangkan apa dengan peraturan alam sekitar? || pematuhan", {"qas": [{"question": "Economic distortion is created by corruption in the public sector by diverting what into capital projects?", "id": "56ea94715a205f1900d6d35c", "answers": [{"text": "public investment", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is more plentiful in capital projects?", "id": "56ea94715a205f1900d6d35d", "answers": [{"text": "bribes and kickbacks", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Corruption can lower what with environmental regulations?", "id": "56ea94715a205f1900d6d360", "answers": [{"text": "compliance", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Corruption also generates economic distortion in the public sector by diverting public investment into capital projects where bribes and kickbacks are more plentiful. Officials may increase the technical complexity of public sector projects to conceal or pave the way for such dealings, thus further distorting investment. Corruption also lowers compliance with construction, environmental, or other regulations, reduces the quality of government services and infrastructure, and increases budgetary pressures on government."}], ["Aktiviti yang menjadi rasuah haram berbeza bergantung kepada negara atau bidang kuasa. Sebagai contoh, beberapa amalan pendanaan politik yang sah di satu tempat mungkin menyalahi undang-undang yang lain. Dalam beberapa kes, pegawai kerajaan mempunyai kuasa yang luas atau tidak jelas, yang menjadikannya sukar untuk membezakan antara tindakan undang-undang dan haram. Di seluruh dunia, rasuah sahaja dianggarkan melibatkan lebih daripada 1 trilion dolar AS setiap tahun. Keadaan korupsi politik yang tidak terkawal dikenal sebagai kleptokrasi, yang bermaksud \"aturan oleh pencuri\". <> Yang kos jenayah lebih daripada satu trillion dolar A.S. setiap tahun, di seluruh dunia? || rasuah <> Apakah maksud kleptokrasi? || peraturan oleh pencuri", {"qas": [{"question": "Which crime costs over one trillion U.S. dollars every year, world-wide?", "id": "56e9f4805a205f1900d6d336", "answers": [{"text": "bribery", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does kleptocracy mean?", "id": "56e9f4805a205f1900d6d337", "answers": [{"text": "rule by thieves", "answer_start": 522}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The activities that constitute illegal corruption differ depending on the country or jurisdiction. For instance, some political funding practices that are legal in one place may be illegal in another. In some cases, government officials have broad or ill-defined powers, which make it difficult to distinguish between legal and illegal actions. Worldwide, bribery alone is estimated to involve over 1 trillion US dollars annually. A state of unrestrained political corruption is known as a kleptocracy, literally meaning \"rule by thieves\"."}], ["Dalam politik, rasuah melemahkan demokrasi dan tadbir urus yang baik dengan mengorbankan atau meruntuhkan proses rasmi. Rasuah dalam pilihan raya dan di badan perundangan mengurangkan akauntabiliti dan mengganggu perwakilan dalam pembuatan dasar; rasuah dalam badan kehakiman berkompromi kedaulatan undang-undang; dan rasuah dalam pentadbiran awam menghasilkan penyediaan perkhidmatan yang tidak cekap. Ia melanggar prinsip asas republikanisme mengenai sentraliti kebajikan masyarakat. <> Apakah rasuah menjejaskan politik? || demokrasi <> Apa yang berlaku dalam politik? || proses formal <> Rasuah politik dalam badan perundangan mengurangkan apa, secara keseluruhan? || akauntabilitas <> Rasuah dalam apa yang menjejaskan kedaulatan undang-undang? || perundangan <> Rasuah dalam apa yang mewujudkan penyediaan perkhidmatan yang lemah? || pentadbiran Awam", {"qas": [{"question": "What does corruption undermine in politics?", "id": "56ea90465a205f1900d6d342", "answers": [{"text": "democracy", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does corruption disregard in politics?", "id": "56ea90465a205f1900d6d343", "answers": [{"text": "formal processes", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Political corruption in legislature reduces what, overall?", "id": "56ea90465a205f1900d6d344", "answers": [{"text": "accountability", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Corruption in what compromises the rule of law?", "id": "56ea90465a205f1900d6d345", "answers": [{"text": "judiciary", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Corruption in what creates weak provision of services?", "id": "56ea90465a205f1900d6d346", "answers": [{"text": "public administration", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In politics, corruption undermines democracy and good governance by flouting or even subverting formal processes. Corruption in elections and in the legislature reduces accountability and distorts representation in policymaking; corruption in the judiciary compromises the rule of law; and corruption in public administration results in the inefficient provision of services. It violates a basic principle of republicanism regarding the centrality of civic virtue."}], ["Para penyelidik University of Massachusetts Amherst menganggarkan bahawa dari tahun 1970 hingga 1996, penerbangan modal dari 30 negara Sub-Sahara berjumlah $ 187 bilion, melebihi hutang luar negara. (Hasil yang dinyatakan dalam pembangunan yang tertekan atau ditindas, telah dimodelkan secara teori oleh ahli ekonomi Mancur Olson.) Dalam kes Afrika, salah satu faktor untuk kelakuan ini adalah ketidakstabilan politik, dan hakikat bahawa kerajaan baru sering merampas kerajaan sebelum rasuah memperoleh aset. Ini menggalakkan para pegawai untuk membuang kekayaan mereka di luar negeri, dari jangkauan mana-mana pengambilalihan masa depan. Sebaliknya, pentadbiran Asia seperti Perintah Baru Suharto sering memotong urus niaga perniagaan atau menyediakan syarat untuk pembangunan, melalui pelaburan infrastruktur, undang-undang dan ketertiban, dan lain-lain. <> Yang penyelidik mempelajari penyelewengan dari negara-negara Sub-Sahara dari tahun 1970 hingga 1996? || University of Massachusetts Amherst <> 18700000000 melebihi apa di negara-negara ini? || hutang luar <> Apa salah satu faktor untuk kelakuan ini di Afrika? || ketidakstabilan politik", {"qas": [{"question": "Which researchers studied corruption from Sub-Saharan countries from 1970 to 1996?", "id": "56ea963e5a205f1900d6d36e", "answers": [{"text": "University of Massachusetts Amherst", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The 187 billion exceeded what in these countries?", "id": "56ea963e5a205f1900d6d370", "answers": [{"text": "external debts", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was one of the factors for this behavior in Africa?", "id": "56ea963e5a205f1900d6d371", "answers": [{"text": "political instability", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "University of Massachusetts Amherst researchers estimated that from 1970 to 1996, capital flight from 30 Sub-Saharan countries totaled $187bn, exceeding those nations' external debts. (The results, expressed in retarded or suppressed development, have been modeled in theory by economist Mancur Olson.) In the case of Africa, one of the factors for this behavior was political instability, and the fact that new governments often confiscated previous government's corruptly obtained assets. This encouraged officials to stash their wealth abroad, out of reach of any future expropriation. In contrast, Asian administrations such as Suharto's New Order often took a cut on business transactions or provided conditions for development, through infrastructure investment, law and order, etc."}], ["Beberapa bentuk rasuah - kini dikenali sebagai \"rasuah institusi\" - dibezakan daripada rasuah dan lain-lain keuntungan peribadi yang nyata. Masalah rasuah yang sama timbul di mana-mana institusi yang bergantung kepada sokongan kewangan dari orang yang mempunyai kepentingan yang mungkin bertentangan dengan tujuan utama institusi. <> Apakah beberapa bentuk rasuah yang dipanggil sekarang? || rasuah institusi <> Korupsi institusi dibezakan dari jenis rasuah? || rasuah <> Masalah ini berlaku dalam mana-mana organisasi di mana kepentingan orang yang menyokong kewangannya bertentangan dengan apa? || tujuan utama institusi", {"qas": [{"question": "What are some forms of corruption now  called?", "id": "56ea8ec15a205f1900d6d33c", "answers": [{"text": "institutional corruption", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Institutional corruption is distinguished from what type of corruption?", "id": "56ea8ec15a205f1900d6d33d", "answers": [{"text": "bribery", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "This type of problem happens in any organization where the interests of the people who financially support it conflicts with what?", "id": "56ea8ec15a205f1900d6d33e", "answers": [{"text": "the primary purpose of the institution", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some forms of corruption \u2013 now called \"institutional corruption\" \u2013 are distinguished from bribery and other kinds of obvious personal gain. A similar problem of corruption arises in any institution that depends on financial support from people who have interests that may conflict with the primary purpose of the institution."}], ["Ahli ekonomi berpendapat bahawa salah satu faktor di sebalik perkembangan ekonomi yang berbeza di Afrika dan Asia ialah di Afrika, korupsi terutama mengambil bentuk pengambilan sewa dengan modal kewangan yang terhasil yang dipindahkan ke luar negeri daripada dilaburkan di rumah (oleh itu stereotaip, tetapi selalunya tepat , imej diktator Afrika yang mempunyai akaun bank Switzerland). Di Nigeria, misalnya, lebih daripada $ 400 bilion telah dicuri dari perbendaharaan oleh pemimpin Nigeria antara 1960 dan 1999. <> Pengikut Afrika sering mempunyai apa jenis akaun bank? || Switzerland <> Apa bentuk yang berlaku di Afrika? || sewa ekstraksi <> Di Afrika, kewangan sering berpindah di mana? || di luar negara", {"qas": [{"question": "African dictators often have what kind of bank accounts?", "id": "56ea95025a205f1900d6d366", "answers": [{"text": "Swiss", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What form has corruption taken in Africa?", "id": "56ea95025a205f1900d6d367", "answers": [{"text": "rent extraction", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Africa, the finances are often moved where?", "id": "56ea95025a205f1900d6d368", "answers": [{"text": "overseas", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Economists argue that one of the factors behind the differing economic development in Africa and Asia is that in Africa, corruption has primarily taken the form of rent extraction with the resulting financial capital moved overseas rather than invested at home (hence the stereotypical, but often accurate, image of African dictators having Swiss bank accounts). In Nigeria, for example, more than $400 billion was stolen from the treasury by Nigeria's leaders between 1960 and 1999."}], ["Lebih umum, rasuah menghancurkan keupayaan institusi kerajaan sekiranya prosedur tidak diendahkan, sumber-sumber disingkirkan, dan pejabat awam dibeli dan dijual. Rasuah melemahkan legitimasi kerajaan dan nilai demokratik seperti kepercayaan dan toleransi. Bukti terkini mencadangkan bahawa perubahan dalam tahap rasuah di kalangan demokrasi berpendapatan tinggi boleh berubah dengan ketara bergantung pada tahap akauntabiliti pembuat keputusan. Bukti dari negara-negara yang rapuh juga menunjukkan bahawa rasuah dan rasuah boleh menjejaskan kepercayaan terhadap institusi. <> Apa dua nilai demokratik yang tercemar akibat rasuah? || kepercayaan dan toleransi <> Rasuah memecah keupayaan kerajaan apabila pejabat awam adalah apa? || dibeli dan dijual <> Tahap rasuah boleh berbeza-beza dalam demokrasi yang lebih kaya berkenaan dengan apa yang mereka buat keputusan? || akauntabiliti", {"qas": [{"question": "What two democratic values are soiled due to corruption?", "id": "56ea91795a205f1900d6d34c", "answers": [{"text": "trust and tolerance", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Corruption disintegrates government capacity when public offices are what?", "id": "56ea91795a205f1900d6d34d", "answers": [{"text": "bought and sold", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The level of corruption can vary in richer democracies in regards to the what of those officials making decisions?", "id": "56ea91795a205f1900d6d34e", "answers": [{"text": "accountability", "answer_start": 425}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "More generally, corruption erodes the institutional capacity of government if procedures are disregarded, resources are siphoned off, and public offices are bought and sold. Corruption undermines the legitimacy of government and such democratic values as trust and tolerance. Recent evidence suggests that variation in the levels of corruption amongst high-income democracies can vary significantly depending on the level of accountability of decision-makers. Evidence from fragile states also shows that corruption and bribery can adversely impact trust in institutions."}], ["Bentuk rasuah berbeza-beza, tetapi termasuk rasuah, pemerasan, kronisme, nepotisme, gombeenisme, patronase parochialism, pengaruh penjajahan, rasuah, dan penggelapan. Rasuah boleh memudahkan perusahaan jenayah seperti pengedaran dadah, pengubahan wang haram, dan pemerdagangan manusia, walaupun tidak terhad kepada kegiatan ini. Penyalahgunaan kuasa pemerintah untuk tujuan lain, seperti penindasan lawan politik dan kekejaman polis umum, juga dianggap sebagai rasuah politik. <> Salah satu bentuk rasuah melibatkan pengambilan anggota keluarga, yang dipanggil apa? || nepotisme <> Satu lagi bentuk rasuah, amalan riba, dipanggil apa? || gombeenism <> Tiga bentuk rasuah yang boleh mempromosikan aktiviti jenayah termasuk dadah, pengubahan wang haram, dan apa? || perdagangan manusia <> Penindasan terhadap apa yang juga dianggap rasuah politik? || lawan politik", {"qas": [{"question": "One form of corruption involves the hiring of family members, which is called what?", "id": "56e9ed745a205f1900d6d32c", "answers": [{"text": "nepotism", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Another form of corruption, the practice of usury, is called what?", "id": "56e9ed745a205f1900d6d32d", "answers": [{"text": "gombeenism", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Three forms of corruption that can promote criminal activities include drugs, money laundering, and what?", "id": "56e9ed745a205f1900d6d32e", "answers": [{"text": "human trafficking", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The repression of what is also considered political corruption?", "id": "56e9ed745a205f1900d6d32f", "answers": [{"text": "political opponents", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Forms of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, gombeenism, parochialism patronage, influence peddling, graft, and embezzlement. Corruption may facilitate criminal enterprise such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, though is not restricted to these activities. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is also considered political corruption."}], ["Di sektor swasta, rasuah meningkatkan kos perniagaan melalui harga pembayaran haram sendiri, kos pengurusan untuk berunding dengan pegawai dan risiko perjanjian atau pengesanan yang melanggar. Walaupun beberapa tuntutan rasuah mengurangkan kos dengan memotong birokrasi, ketersediaan rasuah juga boleh mendorong para pegawai untuk membuat peraturan baru dan penangguhan. Secara terbuka menghapuskan peraturan yang mahal dan panjang adalah lebih baik daripada rahsia yang membolehkan mereka dilewati dengan menggunakan rasuah. Apabila korupsi menaikkan kos perniagaan, ia juga mengganggu lapangan bermain, melindungi firma dengan sambungan dari persaingan dan dengan demikian mengekalkan firma yang tidak cekap. <> Korupsi menimbulkan kos perniagaan kerana bayaran haram dalam sektor apa? || swasta <> Sesetengah orang merasa bahawa rasuah sebenarnya mengurangkan kos kerana ia mengurangkan apa? || birokrasi <> Proses apa yang lebih baik daripada membenarkan rasuah untuk kekal di tempat? || Secara terbuka menghapuskan peraturan yang mahal dan panjang <> Rasuah mengubah bidang bermain dengan membenarkan perniagaan dengan sambungan dilindungi oleh apa? || persaingan", {"qas": [{"question": "Corruption raises the cost of business because of illegal payments in what sector?", "id": "56ea931e5a205f1900d6d352", "answers": [{"text": "private", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some people feel that corruption actually reduces costs because it cuts what?", "id": "56ea931e5a205f1900d6d353", "answers": [{"text": "bureaucracy", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What process is better than allowing bribes to remain in place?", "id": "56ea931e5a205f1900d6d355", "answers": [{"text": "Openly removing costly and lengthy regulations", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Corruption changes the playing field by allowing businesses with connections to be shielded by what?", "id": "56ea931e5a205f1900d6d356", "answers": [{"text": "competition", "answer_start": 611}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the private sector, corruption increases the cost of business through the price of illicit payments themselves, the management cost of negotiating with officials and the risk of breached agreements or detection. Although some claim corruption reduces costs by cutting bureaucracy, the availability of bribes can also induce officials to contrive new rules and delays. Openly removing costly and lengthy regulations are better than covertly allowing them to be bypassed by using bribes. Where corruption inflates the cost of business, it also distorts the playing field, shielding firms with connections from competition and thereby sustaining inefficient firms."}], ["Rasuah juga boleh menjejaskan pelbagai komponen aktiviti sukan (pengadil, pemain, kakitangan perubatan dan makmal yang terlibat dalam kawalan anti-doping, ahli persatuan sukan kebangsaan dan jawatankuasa antarabangsa yang menentukan peruntukan kontrak dan tempat persaingan). <> Rasuah boleh menentukan perkara-perkara tertentu dalam aktiviti apa? || sukan <> Kakitangan perubatan boleh menjejaskan aspek sukan apa? || kawalan anti-doping", {"qas": [{"question": "Corruption can determine certain things in what kind of activities?", "id": "56ea9e8c0030b61400a34fe9", "answers": [{"text": "sports", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Medical staff can affect what aspect of sports?", "id": "56ea9e8c0030b61400a34fea", "answers": [{"text": "anti-doping controls", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Corruption can also affect the various components of sports activities (referees, players, medical and laboratory staff involved in anti-doping controls, members of national sport federation and international committees deciding about the allocation of contracts and competition places)."}], ["Kerajaan yang mempunyai kecenderungan yang kuat terhadap kleptokrasi dapat menjejaskan keselamatan makanan walaupun hasil panen adalah baik. Pegawai sering mencuri harta kerajaan. Di Bihar, India, lebih daripada 80% bantuan makanan subsidi untuk golongan miskin dicuri oleh pegawai rasuah. Begitu juga, bantuan makanan sering dirompak oleh senjata kerajaan, penjenayah, dan panglima perang, dan dijual untuk keuntungan. Abad ke-20 penuh dengan banyak contoh kerajaan yang menjejaskan keselamatan makanan negara masing-masing - kadang-kadang dengan sengaja. <> Walaupun hasil panen yang baik, keselamatan makanan dapat dilumpuhkan apabila pemerintah mempunyai kecenderungan terhadap apa? || kleptokrasi", {"qas": [{"question": "Even if a harvest is good, food security can be crippled when a government has tendencies toward what?", "id": "56ea99c90030b61400a34fd7", "answers": [{"text": "kleptocracy", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Governments with strong tendencies towards kleptocracy can undermine food security even when harvests are good. Officials often steal state property. In Bihar, India, more than 80% of the subsidized food aid to poor is stolen by corrupt officials. Similarly, food aid is often robbed at gunpoint by governments, criminals, and warlords alike, and sold for a profit. The 20th century is full of many examples of governments undermining the food security of their own nations \u2013 sometimes intentionally."}], ["Akhirnya, perbezaan antara korupsi sektor awam dan swasta kadang-kadang nampaknya bersifat buatan, dan inisiatif anti-rasuah nasional mungkin perlu untuk mengelakkan kelemahan undang-undang dan lain-lain dalam perlindungan instrumen. <> Perbezaan antara rasuah yang kelihatan awam atau peribadi seperti apa? || buatan <> Apa yang perlu menjauhi celah? || inisiatif anti rasuah negara", {"qas": [{"question": "The difference between corruption that is public or private looks like what?", "id": "56ea9f000030b61400a34fef", "answers": [{"text": "artificial", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What needs to stay away from loopholes?", "id": "56ea9f000030b61400a34ff0", "answers": [{"text": "national anti-corruption initiatives", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Ultimately, the distinction between public and private sector corruption sometimes appears rather artificial, and national anti-corruption initiatives may need to avoid legal and other loopholes in the coverage of the instruments."}], ["Ahli ekonomi pemenang Hadiah Nobel Amartya Sen telah mengamati bahawa \"tidak ada masalah seperti makanan apolitik.\" Walaupun kemarau dan peristiwa alam semula jadi yang lain boleh mencetuskan keadaan kelaparan, ia adalah tindakan atau tindakan pemerintah yang menentukan keparahannya, dan sering kali sama ada kebuluran akan berlaku atau tidak. <> Siapa yang menyatakan bahawa masalah makanan apolitik tidak wujud? || Amartya Sen <> Apa yang boleh mencetuskan kebuluran? || kemarau <> Walaupun kejadian semula jadi boleh menyebabkan kelaparan, apa yang menentukan keparahannya? || tindakan atau tindakan kerajaan", {"qas": [{"question": "Who has stated that apolitical food problems do not exist?", "id": "56ea99270030b61400a34fcf", "answers": [{"text": "Amartya Sen", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can trigger famine conditions?", "id": "56ea99270030b61400a34fd1", "answers": [{"text": "drought", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "While natural occurrences can cause famine, what determines the severity of it?", "id": "56ea99270030b61400a34fd2", "answers": [{"text": "government action or inaction", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Nobel Prize-winning economist Amartya Sen has observed that \"there is no such thing as an apolitical food problem.\" While drought and other naturally occurring events may trigger famine conditions, it is government action or inaction that determines its severity, and often even whether or not a famine will occur."}], ["Skala bantuan kemanusiaan ke kawasan miskin dan tidak stabil di dunia tumbuh, tetapi sangat rentan terhadap korupsi, dengan bantuan makanan, konstruksi dan bantuan yang sangat bernilai sebagai yang paling berisiko. Bantuan makanan boleh secara langsung dan secara fizikal dialihkan dari destinasi yang dimaksudkan, atau secara tidak langsung melalui manipulasi penilaian, penargetan, pendaftaran dan pengagihan untuk memihak kepada kumpulan atau individu tertentu. <> Bersama dengan bantuan makanan, apa yang paling berisiko di negara-negara ini? || > <b> Bagaimanakah bantuan makanan biasanya langsung dialihkan dari orang yang harus dilalui? || secara fizikal dialihkan <> Makanan bantuan juga boleh dialihkan secara tidak langsung dari penerima yang dimaksudkan melalui manipulasi apa? || penilaian", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with food aid, what is most at risk in these countries?", "id": "56ea9a965a205f1900d6d381", "answers": [{"text": "construction", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is food aid usually directly redirected from the people it should go to?", "id": "56ea9a965a205f1900d6d382", "answers": [{"text": "physically diverted", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Food aid can also be indirectly diverted from its intended recipients through the manipulation of what?", "id": "56ea9a965a205f1900d6d383", "answers": [{"text": "assessments", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The scale of humanitarian aid to the poor and unstable regions of the world grows, but it is highly vulnerable to corruption, with food aid, construction and other highly valued assistance as the most at risk. Food aid can be directly and physically diverted from its intended destination, or indirectly through the manipulation of assessments, targeting, registration and distributions to favor certain groups or individuals."}], ["Sebaliknya wang yang disumbangkan itu dibelanjakan melalui \"ubat-ubatan palsu, menyedut dadah ke pasaran gelap, dan pembayaran kepada pekerja hantu\". Pada akhirnya, terdapat jumlah wang yang mencukupi untuk kesihatan di negara-negara membangun, tetapi rasuah tempatan menafikan kewarganegaraan yang lebih luas sumber yang mereka perlukan. <> Jenis pekerja apa yang menerima pembayaran? || pekerja hantu <> Di manakah dadah disedut? || pasar gelap <> Sebagai tambahan kepada pekerja hantu dan pasar gelap yang menerima dadah, apa lagi cara pengeluaran wang? || ubat-ubatan palsu <> Jika rasuah tempatan tidak wujud, akan ada cukup apa yang dapat membantu orang-orang di negara-negara ini memerlukan bantuan perubatan? || wang", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of employees received payments?", "id": "56ea97ac5a205f1900d6d378", "answers": [{"text": "ghost employees", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were drugs siphoned off to?", "id": "56ea97ac5a205f1900d6d379", "answers": [{"text": "the black market", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to ghost employees and the black market receiving drugs, what other way was money expended?", "id": "56ea97ac5a205f1900d6d37a", "answers": [{"text": "counterfeit drugs", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If local corruption did not exist, there would be enough what to help the people in these countries needing medical help?", "id": "56ea97ac5a205f1900d6d37b", "answers": [{"text": "money", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Instead, the donated money was expended through \"counterfeit drugs, siphoning off of drugs to the black market, and payments to ghost employees\". Ultimately, there is a sufficient amount of money for health in developing countries, but local corruption denies the wider citizenry the resource they require."}], ["Di dalam pembinaan dan perlindungan terdapat banyak peluang untuk lencongan dan keuntungan melalui mutu kerja yang lemah, sogokan untuk kontrak dan pilih kasih dalam penyediaan bahan perlindungan berharga. Oleh itu, sementara agensi bantuan kemanusiaan biasanya sangat prihatin terhadap bantuan yang dialihkan dengan memasukkan terlalu banyak, penerima sendiri sangat prihatin terhadap pengecualian. Akses untuk bantuan boleh dihadkan kepada mereka yang mempunyai hubungan, kepada mereka yang membayar suap atau dipaksa memberi bantuan seksual. Begitu juga, orang-orang yang mampu berbuat demikian boleh memanipulasi statistik untuk meningkatkan jumlah penerima bantuan dan menyedut bantuan tambahan. <> Substandard apa yang sering salah satu cara untuk rasuah memasuki bidang pembinaan? || pengerjaan <> Apa yang berlaku dengan kontrak untuk membantu rasuah? || sogokan <> Penerima bantuan bimbang tentang apa? || Pengecualian <> Mereka yang menerima bantuan mungkin mempunyai sambungan, membayar suap atau apa? || terpaksa memberikan nikmat seksual <> Orang yang korup boleh memanipulasi apa yang akan mendapat lebih banyak bantuan? || statistik", {"qas": [{"question": "Substandard what is often one way for corruption to enter the construction field?", "id": "56ea9b665a205f1900d6d388", "answers": [{"text": "workmanship", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happens with contracts to aid corruption?", "id": "56ea9b665a205f1900d6d389", "answers": [{"text": "kickbacks", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Recipients of aid are concerned about what?", "id": "56ea9b665a205f1900d6d38a", "answers": [{"text": "exclusion", "answer_start": 365}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Those receiving aid may have connections, pay bribes or what?", "id": "56ea9b665a205f1900d6d38b", "answers": [{"text": "forced to give sexual favors", "answer_start": 463}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Corrupt people may manipulate what to receive more assistance?", "id": "56ea9b665a205f1900d6d38c", "answers": [{"text": "statistics", "answer_start": 537}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In construction and shelter there are numerous opportunities for diversion and profit through substandard workmanship, kickbacks for contracts and favouritism in the provision of valuable shelter material. Thus while humanitarian aid agencies are usually most concerned about aid being diverted by including too many, recipients themselves are most concerned about exclusion. Access to aid may be limited to those with connections, to those who pay bribes or are forced to give sexual favors. Equally, those able to do so may manipulate statistics to inflate the number of beneficiaries and siphon off additional assistance."}], ["Rasuah sering kali paling jelas di negara-negara dengan pendapatan per kapita terkecil, bergantung kepada bantuan asing untuk perkhidmatan kesihatan. Pemintasan politik tempatan untuk menderma wang dari luar negara terutamanya lazimnya di negara-negara Afrika Sub-Sahara, di mana dilaporkan dalam Laporan Bank Dunia 2006 bahawa kira-kira separuh daripada dana yang disumbangkan untuk kegunaan kesihatan tidak pernah dilaburkan ke sektor kesihatan atau diberikan kepada mereka yang memerlukan perhatian perubatan. <> Di manakah rasuah paling ketara? || negara dengan pendapatan per kapita terkecil <> Negara-negara ini bergantung kepada bantuan asing untuk apa? || perkhidmatan kesihatan <> Di negara-negara Afrika Sub-Sahara, apakah tahap kerajaan yang rasuah terutamanya lazim di? || Tempatan <> Laporan mana yang menggambarkan rasuah ini? || Laporan Bank Dunia 2006 <> Berapa banyak dana yang tidak sampai kepada penerima yang dimaksudkan yang memerlukan perhatian perubatan? || lebih kurang separuh", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is corruption most noticeable?", "id": "56ea97140030b61400a34fbd", "answers": [{"text": "countries with the smallest per capita incomes", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "These countries rely on foreign aid for what?", "id": "56ea97140030b61400a34fbe", "answers": [{"text": "health services", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Sub-Saharan African countries, what level of government is corruption especially prevalent at?", "id": "56ea97140030b61400a34fbf", "answers": [{"text": "Local", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which report described this corruption? ", "id": "56ea97140030b61400a34fc0", "answers": [{"text": "the 2006 World Bank Report", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many funds did not reach their intended recipients who needed medical attention?", "id": "56ea97140030b61400a34fc1", "answers": [{"text": "about half", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Corruption is often most evident in countries with the smallest per capita incomes, relying on foreign aid for health services. Local political interception of donated money from overseas is especially prevalent in Sub-Saharan African nations, where it was reported in the 2006 World Bank Report that about half of the funds that were donated for health usages were never invested into the health sectors or given to those needing medical attention."}], ["Rasuah memudahkan pemusnahan alam sekitar. Walaupun masyarakat yang korup mungkin mempunyai perundangan formal untuk melindungi alam sekitar, ia tidak boleh dikuatkuasakan jika pegawai dapat dengan mudah disogok. Begitu juga dengan perlindungan hak pekerja sosial, pencegahan kesatuan, dan buruh kanak-kanak. Pelanggaran hak undang-undang ini membolehkan negara-negara rasuah memperoleh kelebihan ekonomi yang tidak sah di pasaran antarabangsa. <> Korupsi membantu sejauh mana persekitarannya? || pemusnahan alam sekitar <> Perundangan formal tidak dapat dikawal selia apabila pegawai adalah apa? || disogok <> Rasuah juga menghentikan kesatuan, perlindungan kanak-kanak dalam buruh, dan apa? || Perlindungan pekerja hak sosial <> Apabila undang-undang ini rosak, negara-negara rasuah mendapat apa yang ada di pasaran antarabangsa? || kelebihan ekonomi tidak sah", {"qas": [{"question": "Corruption aids what as far as the environment is concerned?", "id": "56ea98980030b61400a34fc7", "answers": [{"text": "environmental destruction", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Formal legislation cannot be regulated when officials are what?", "id": "56ea98980030b61400a34fc8", "answers": [{"text": "bribed", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bribes also halt unions, the protection of children in labor, and what?", "id": "56ea98980030b61400a34fc9", "answers": [{"text": "social rights worker protection", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When these laws are broken, corrupt countries gain what in the international market?", "id": "56ea98980030b61400a34fca", "answers": [{"text": "illegitimate economic advantage", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Corruption facilitates environmental destruction. While corrupt societies may have formal legislation to protect the environment, it cannot be enforced if officials can easily be bribed. The same applies to social rights worker protection, unionization prevention, and child labor. Violation of these laws rights enables corrupt countries to gain illegitimate economic advantage in the international market."}], ["Rasuah tidak khusus kepada negara miskin, membangun, atau peralihan. Di negara-negara barat, kes rasuah dan lain-lain bentuk rasuah dalam semua bidang mungkin ada: bayaran di bawah meja yang dibuat kepada pakar bedah yang terkenal oleh pesakit yang cuba berada di atas senarai pembedahan yang akan datang, rasuah yang dibayar oleh pembekal kepada industri automotif untuk menjual penyambung berkualiti rendah yang digunakan misalnya dalam peralatan keselamatan seperti beg udara, rasuah yang dibayar oleh pembekal kepada pengeluar defibrillators (untuk menjual kapasitor berkualiti rendah), sumbangan yang dibayar oleh ibu bapa kaya kepada \"dana sosial dan budaya\" dari universiti berprestij dalam pertukaran untuk menerima anak-anak mereka, rasuah yang dibayar untuk mendapatkan diploma, kewangan dan kelebihan lain yang diberikan kepada ahli kesatuan oleh ahli lembaga eksekutif pengeluar kereta sebagai ganti kepada majikan yang mesra kedudukan dan undi, dan lain-lain. Contoh tidak berkesudahan. Ini pelbagai manifestasi rasuah akhirnya dapat membahayakan kesihatan awam; mereka boleh mendiskriminasi institusi-institusi tertentu, penting atau hubungan sosial. <> Jenis rasuah ini boleh merosakkan apa? || kesihatan awam <> Bersama dengan institusi, jenis rasuah ini boleh mendiskriminasikan apa? || hubungan sosial", {"qas": [{"question": "These types of corruption can harm what?", "id": "56ea9d200030b61400a34fe2", "answers": [{"text": "the public health", "answer_start": 982}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with institutions, this type of corruption can discredit what?", "id": "56ea9d200030b61400a34fe3", "answers": [{"text": "social relationships", "answer_start": 1056}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Corruption is not specific to poor, developing, or transition countries. In western countries, cases of bribery and other forms of corruption in all possible fields exist: under-the-table payments made to reputed surgeons by patients attempting to be on top of the list of forthcoming surgeries, bribes paid by suppliers to the automotive industry in order to sell low-quality connectors used for instance in safety equipment such as airbags, bribes paid by suppliers to manufacturers of defibrillators (to sell low-quality capacitors), contributions paid by wealthy parents to the \"social and culture fund\" of a prestigious university in exchange for it to accept their children, bribes paid to obtain diplomas, financial and other advantages granted to unionists by members of the executive board of a car manufacturer in exchange for employer-friendly positions and votes, etc. Examples are endless. These various manifestations of corruption can ultimately present a danger for the public health; they can discredit specific, essential institutions or social relationships."}], ["Dalam tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini, apabila masyarakat antarabangsa telah berusaha untuk menggalakkan negara-negara untuk memisahkan rasuah yang aktif dan pasif dan untuk menuduh mereka sebagai kesalahan yang berasingan. Apa yang dua jenis rasuah adalah komuniti antarabangsa yang cuba didakwa sebagai berasingan? || rasuah aktif dan pasif", {"qas": [{"question": "What two types of bribery is the international community trying to get prosecuted as separate?", "id": "56ea9f765a205f1900d6d39c", "answers": [{"text": "active and passive bribery", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In recent years,[when?] the international community has made efforts to encourage countries to dissociate active and passive bribery and to incriminate them as separate offences.[citation needed]"}], ["Mencari untuk membahayakan musuh menjadi korupsi apabila kuasa rasmi tidak digunakan secara harfiah untuk tujuan ini. Sebagai contoh, dakwaan-dakwaan yang tidak disengaja sering ditimbulkan terhadap wartawan atau penulis yang mengemukakan isu-isu sensitif politik, seperti penerimaan rasuah terhadap rasuah. <> Korupsi juga berlaku apabila seorang pegawai ingin menyebabkan beberapa bentuk bahaya kepada siapa? || musuh <> Palsu palsu boleh dibawa terhadap seorang wartawan yang menulis tentang apa? || isu-isu sensitif politik", {"qas": [{"question": "Corruption also occurs when an official wants to cause some form of harm to who?", "id": "56eaa3195a205f1900d6d3b2", "answers": [{"text": "enemies", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "False charges can be brought against a journalist who writes about what?", "id": "56eaa3195a205f1900d6d3b3", "answers": [{"text": "politically sensitive issues", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Seeking to harm enemies becomes corruption when official powers are illegitimately used as means to this end. For example, trumped-up charges are often brought up against journalists or writers who bring up politically sensitive issues, such as a politician's acceptance of bribes."}], ["Penipuan pilihan raya adalah gangguan haram dengan proses pemilihan. Tindakan penipuan menjejaskan undi undi untuk membawa keputusan pilihan raya, sama ada dengan meningkatkan bahagian undi calon yang disukai, menekan bahagian undi calon-calon saingan, atau kedua-duanya. Juga dipanggil penipuan pemilih, mekanisme yang terlibat termasuk pendaftaran pengundi haram, intimidasi pada pemilihan, dan undi undi yang tidak wajar. <> Haram haram dengan pilihan raya dipanggil apa? || Penipuan pilihan raya <> Satu lagi istilah untuk penipuan pilihan raya adalah apa? || penipuan pengundi <> Pendaftaran pengundi tidak sah, salah undi, dan apa yang dipungut oleh pengundi sebagai penipuan? || intimidasi", {"qas": [{"question": "Illegal interference with an election is called what?", "id": "56eaa5f15a205f1900d6d3c0", "answers": [{"text": "Electoral fraud", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Another term for electoral fraud is what?", "id": "56eaa5f15a205f1900d6d3c2", "answers": [{"text": "voter fraud", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Illegal voter registration, the miscounting of votes, and what at polls is considered voter fraud?", "id": "56eaa5f15a205f1900d6d3c3", "answers": [{"text": "intimidation", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Electoral fraud is illegal interference with the process of an election. Acts of fraud affect vote counts to bring about an election result, whether by increasing the vote share of the favored candidate, depressing the vote share of the rival candidates, or both. Also called voter fraud, the mechanisms involved include illegal voter registration, intimidation at polls, and improper vote counting."}], ["Penyelewengan adalah kecurian dana yang diamanahkan. Ia adalah politik apabila ia melibatkan wang awam yang diambil oleh pegawai awam untuk digunakan oleh sesiapa sahaja yang tidak ditentukan oleh orang awam. Jenis penyelewengan yang biasa adalah penggunaan peribadi sumber-sumber kerajaan yang diamanahkan; sebagai contoh, apabila seorang pegawai menyerahkan pekerja awam untuk mengubahsuai rumahnya sendiri. <> Apabila dana yang diamanahkan dicuri, ia dipanggil apa? || Penyelewengan <> Ia dianggap politik apabila ia melibatkan jenis wang apa? || awam <> Salah satu bentuk penggelapan politik adalah apabila ahli politik menggunakan sumber kerajaan untuk kegunaannya? || peribadi", {"qas": [{"question": "When entrusted funds are stolen, it is called what?", "id": "56eaa6a30030b61400a35007", "answers": [{"text": "Embezzlement", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "It is considered political when it involves what kind of money?", "id": "56eaa6a30030b61400a35008", "answers": [{"text": "public", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "One form of political embezzlement is when a politician uses government resources for what use?", "id": "56eaa6a30030b61400a35009", "answers": [{"text": "personal", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Embezzlement is the theft of entrusted funds. It is political when it involves public money taken by a public official for use by anyone not specified by the public. A common type of embezzlement is that of personal use of entrusted government resources; for example, when an official assigns public employees to renovate his own house."}], ["Saudara-saudara yang menguntungkan (nepotisme) atau kawan peribadi (kronisme) seorang pegawai adalah bentuk keuntungan peribadi yang tidak sah. Ini boleh digabungkan dengan rasuah, contohnya menuntut agar perniagaan harus menggunakan saudara dari peraturan pengawasan rasmi yang mempengaruhi perniagaan. Contoh yang paling melampau adalah apabila seluruh negara diwarisi, seperti di Korea Utara atau Syria. Bentuk yang lebih rendah mungkin berada di Amerika Selatan Selatan dengan budak lelaki Baik, di mana wanita dan minoriti tidak dikecualikan. Bentuk kronisme yang lebih ringan adalah \"rangkaian budak lelaki tua\", di mana dilantik ke jawatan rasmi dipilih hanya dari rangkaian sosial tertutup dan eksklusif - seperti alumni universiti tertentu - bukannya melantik calon yang paling kompeten. <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila saudara-mara disukai oleh orang lain? || nepotisme <> Apa yang dipanggil ketika teman disukai orang lain? || kronisme <> Kronisme juga apabila orang dipilih dari rangkaian sosial tertutup dan eksklusif, yang dipanggil apa? || rangkaian budak lelaki lama", {"qas": [{"question": "What is it called when relatives are favored over other people?", "id": "56eaa2a85a205f1900d6d3a8", "answers": [{"text": "nepotism", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is it called when friends are favored over other people?", "id": "56eaa2a85a205f1900d6d3a9", "answers": [{"text": "cronyism", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Cronyism is also when people are selected from a closed and exclusive social network, which is called what?", "id": "56eaa2a85a205f1900d6d3ac", "answers": [{"text": "old boy network", "answer_start": 516}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Favoring relatives (nepotism) or personal friends (cronyism) of an official is a form of illegitimate private gain. This may be combined with bribery, for example demanding that a business should employ a relative of an official controlling regulations affecting the business. The most extreme example is when the entire state is inherited, as in North Korea or Syria. A lesser form might be in the Southern United States with Good ol' boys, where women and minorities are excluded. A milder form of cronyism is an \"old boy network\", in which appointees to official positions are selected only from a closed and exclusive social network \u2013 such as the alumni of particular universities \u2013 instead of appointing the most competent candidate."}], ["Patronage merujuk kepada menyokong penyokong, contohnya dengan pekerjaan kerajaan. Ini mungkin sah, seperti apabila kerajaan yang baru dipilih mengubah pegawai tertinggi dalam pentadbiran untuk melaksanakan dasarnya dengan berkesan. Ini boleh dianggap sebagai rasuah jika ini bermakna bahawa orang yang tidak kompeten, sebagai bayaran untuk menyokong rejim, dipilih sebelum orang yang lebih mampu. Dalam keadaan tidak berdosa banyak pegawai kerajaan sering dipilih untuk kesetiaan daripada kemampuan. Mereka mungkin hampir dipilih secara eksklusif dari kumpulan tertentu (contohnya, Arab Sunni di Iraq Saddam Hussein, nomenklatura di Kesatuan Soviet, atau Junkers di Imperial Jerman) yang menyokong rejim sebagai balasan untuk nikmat seperti itu. Masalah yang sama juga boleh dilihat di Eropah Timur, contohnya di Romania, di mana kerajaan sering dituduh sebagai patronase (apabila kerajaan baru datang berkuasa, ia berubah dengan cepat oleh kebanyakan pegawai di sektor awam). <> Memberi pekerjaan kerajaan kepada penyokong dipanggil apa? || Patronage <> Apa negara dengan cepat mengubah kebanyakan orang yang bekerja dalam kedudukan kerajaan apabila kerajaan baru berkuasa? || Romania", {"qas": [{"question": "Giving government jobs to supporters is called what?", "id": "56eaa19a0030b61400a34ffd", "answers": [{"text": "Patronage", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country quickly changes most people working in government position when a new government comes into power?", "id": "56eaa19a0030b61400a35001", "answers": [{"text": "Romania", "answer_start": 785}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Patronage refers to favoring supporters, for example with government employment. This may be legitimate, as when a newly elected government changes the top officials in the administration in order to effectively implement its policy. It can be seen as corruption if this means that incompetent persons, as a payment for supporting the regime, are selected before more able ones. In nondemocracies many government officials are often selected for loyalty rather than ability. They may be almost exclusively selected from a particular group (for example, Sunni Arabs in Saddam Hussein's Iraq, the nomenklatura in the Soviet Union, or the Junkers in Imperial Germany) that support the regime in return for such favors. A similar problem can also be seen in Eastern Europe, for example in Romania, where the government is often accused of patronage (when a new government comes to power it rapidly changes most of the officials in the public sector)."}], ["Gombeenism merujuk kepada individu yang tidak jujur dan korup untuk tujuan keuntungan peribadi, lebih kerap melalui moneter, sementara, parochialism yang juga dikenali sebagai politik pam parish berkaitan dengan meletakkan projek-projek tempatan atau vanity menjelang kepentingan negara. Contohnya dalam bahasa Ireland politik, parti politik sayap kiri yang popular akan sering menggunakan istilah ini untuk arus perdana parti politik dan akan memetik banyak kes-kes Rasuah di Ireland, seperti krisis Perbankan Ireland, yang menemui bukti rasuah, kronisme dan kolusi, di mana dalam beberapa kes ahli politik yang akan datang ke hujung kerjaya politik mereka akan menerima kedudukan kanan pengurusan atau jawatankuasa dalam syarikat yang mereka berurusan dengan. <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila seseorang tidak jujur atau korup untuk keuntungannya sendiri? || Gombeenism <> politik pameran Parish juga dipanggil apa? || parochialism <> Yang krisis di Ireland melibatkan rasuah, kronisme dan kolusi? || Krisis perbankan Ireland <> Ahli politik yang berada di penghujung kerjaya politik mereka ditawarkan apa jawatan dengan syarikat yang terlibat dengan politik? || kedudukan pengurusan kanan atau jawatan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is it called when a person is dishonest or corrupt for his own gain?", "id": "56eaa5425a205f1900d6d3b6", "answers": [{"text": "Gombeenism", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Parish pump politics is also called what?", "id": "56eaa5425a205f1900d6d3b7", "answers": [{"text": "parochialism", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which crisis in Ireland involved bribery, cronyism and collusion?", "id": "56eaa5425a205f1900d6d3b9", "answers": [{"text": "Irish Banking crisis", "answer_start": 476}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Politicians who were at the end of their political careers were offered what kind of position with companies they were involved with politically?", "id": "56eaa5425a205f1900d6d3ba", "answers": [{"text": "senior management or committee position", "answer_start": 657}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Gombeenism refers to an individual who is dishonest and corrupt for the purpose of personal gain, more often through monetary, while, parochialism which is also known as parish pump politics relates to placing local or vanity projects ahead of the national interest.For instance in Irish politics, populist left wing political parties will often apply these terms to mainstream establisment political parties and will cite the many cases of Corruption in Ireland, such as the Irish Banking crisis, which found evidence of bribery, cronyism and collusion, where in some cases politicians who were coming to the end of their political careers would receive a senior management or committee position in a company they had dealings with."}], ["Dalam konteks rasuah politik, rasuah boleh melibatkan pembayaran kepada pegawai pemerintah dalam pertukaran penggunaan kuasa resminya. Rasuah memerlukan dua peserta: satu untuk memberikan rasuah, dan satu untuk mengambilnya. Sama ada boleh memulakan tawaran rasuah; Sebagai contoh, seorang pegawai kastam boleh menuntut rasuah untuk membiarkan barang-barang yang dibenarkan (atau tidak diizinkan), atau penyelundup mungkin menawarkan suap untuk mendapatkan laluan. Di sesetengah negara, kebudayaan rasuah memanjangkan kepada setiap aspek kehidupan awam, menjadikannya sangat sukar bagi individu untuk beroperasi tanpa mengambil tindakan rasuah. Rasuah boleh dituntut agar seorang pegawai melakukan sesuatu yang telah dibayar untuk dilakukan. Mereka juga mungkin diminta untuk memintas undang-undang dan peraturan. Di samping peranan mereka dalam keuntungan kewangan swasta, rasuah juga digunakan untuk secara sengaja dan jahat menyebabkan kerosakan kepada yang lain (iaitu tidak ada insentif kewangan). [Beberapa petikan diperlukan] Di sesetengah negara membangun, sehingga separuh daripada penduduk telah membayar rasuah pada masa lalu 12 bulan. <> Apa yang anda panggil membayar pegawai kerajaan untuk menggunakan kedudukan mereka di pejabat mereka? || rasuah <> Apa jumlah minimum orang yang boleh terlibat dalam rasuah? || dua <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila rasuah adalah sebahagian daripada semua kehidupan awam? || budaya rasuah <> Selain mendapatkan wang, rasuah juga digunakan untuk menyebabkan apa yang orang lain lakukan? || bahaya", {"qas": [{"question": "What do you call paying government officials to use their position in their office?", "id": "56ea9f495a205f1900d6d392", "answers": [{"text": "a bribe", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the minimum amount of people that can be involved in a bribe?", "id": "56ea9f495a205f1900d6d393", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is it called when corruption is part of all public life?", "id": "56ea9f495a205f1900d6d394", "answers": [{"text": "culture of corruption", "answer_start": 432}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beyond getting money, bribes are also used to cause what to others?", "id": "56ea9f495a205f1900d6d395", "answers": [{"text": "harm", "answer_start": 850}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the context of political corruption, a bribe may involve a payment given to a government official in exchange of his use of official powers. Bribery requires two participants: one to give the bribe, and one to take it. Either may initiate the corrupt offering; for example, a customs official may demand bribes to let through allowed (or disallowed) goods, or a smuggler might offer bribes to gain passage. In some countries the culture of corruption extends to every aspect of public life, making it extremely difficult for individuals to operate without resorting to bribes. Bribes may be demanded in order for an official to do something he is already paid to do. They may also be demanded in order to bypass laws and regulations. In addition to their role in private financial gain, bribes are also used to intentionally and maliciously cause harm to another (i.e. no financial incentive).[citation needed] In some developing nations, up to half of the population has paid bribes during the past 12 months."}], ["Penyisihan ini bertujuan untuk membuat langkah-langkah awal (menawarkan, menjanjikan, meminta kelebihan) kesepakatan rasuah yang telah menjadi suatu kesalahan dan, dengan itu, untuk memberikan isyarat yang jelas (dari sudut pandangan kriminal-dasar) bahawa rasuah tidak dapat diterima [rujukan?] Selain itu, pencabulan seperti itu menjadikan pendakwaan terhadap kesalahan rasuah lebih mudah kerana sukar untuk membuktikan bahawa dua pihak (pemberi rasuah dan pemberi sogokan) secara formal telah bersetuju dengan perjanjian rasuah. Selain itu, seringkali tidak ada kesepakatan rasmi semata-mata tetapi hanya satu persefahaman, misalnya apabila pengetahuan umum dalam perbandaran yang memperoleh permit bangunan seseorang harus membayar \"fee\" kepada pembuat keputusan untuk mendapatkan keputusan yang baik. Definisi kerja rasuah juga disediakan seperti berikut dalam pasal 3 Konvensyen Undang-Undang Sivil mengenai Rasuah (ETS 174): Untuk maksud Konvensyen ini, \"rasuah\" bermaksud meminta, menawarkan, memberi atau menerima, secara langsung atau tidak langsung, rasuah atau mana-mana kelebihan atau kelebihan lain yang tidak wajar, yang mengganggu prestasi yang wajar dari mana-mana kewajipan atau tingkah laku yang diperlukan penerima rasuah, kelebihan yang tidak wajar atau prospeknya. <> Di beberapa negara tidak ada kesepakatan formal tetapi apa yang membuat pendakwaan sulit? || persefahaman <> Sogokan boleh termasuk meminta, menawarkan, memberi atau apa nikmat atau wang? || menerima <> rasuah boleh langsung atau apa? || tidak langsung", {"qas": [{"question": "In some countries there is no formal deal but what that makes prosecuting bribes difficult?", "id": "56eaa0445a205f1900d6d39f", "answers": [{"text": "mutual understanding", "answer_start": 531}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A bribe can include requesting, offering, giving or what of favors or money?", "id": "56eaa0445a205f1900d6d3a1", "answers": [{"text": "accepting", "answer_start": 938}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bribes can be direct or what?", "id": "56eaa0445a205f1900d6d3a2", "answers": [{"text": "indirect", "answer_start": 961}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "This dissociation aims to make the early steps (offering, promising, requesting an advantage) of a corrupt deal already an offence and, thus, to give a clear signal (from a criminal-policy point-of-view) that bribery is not acceptable.[citation needed] Furthermore, such a dissociation makes the prosecution of bribery offences easier since it can be very difficult to prove that two parties (the bribe-giver and the bribe-taker) have formally agreed upon a corrupt deal. In addition, there is often no such formal deal but only a mutual understanding, for instance when it is common knowledge in a municipality that to obtain a building permit one has to pay a \"fee\" to the decision maker to obtain a favorable decision. A working definition of corruption is also provided as follows in article 3 of the Civil Law Convention on Corruption (ETS 174): For the purpose of this Convention, \"corruption\" means requesting, offering, giving or accepting, directly or indirectly, a bribe or any other undue advantage or prospect thereof, which distorts the proper performance of any duty or behavior required of the recipient of the bribe, the undue advantage or the prospect thereof."}], ["Dagangan dalam pengaruh, atau pengaruh penjajahan, merujuk kepada seseorang yang menjual pengaruhnya ke atas proses membuat keputusan untuk memberi manfaat kepada pihak ketiga (orang atau institusi). Perbezaan dengan rasuah adalah bahawa ini adalah hubungan tri-lateral. Dari sudut pandangan undang-undang, peranan pihak ketiga (siapa sasaran pengaruh) tidak begitu penting walaupun dia boleh menjadi aksesori dalam beberapa keadaan. Adalah sukar untuk membuat perbezaan di antara bentuk rasuah ini dan beberapa bentuk melobi yang melampau dan longgar di mana contohnya undang-undang atau pembuat keputusan boleh dengan bebas \"menjual\" suara mereka, kuasa keputusan atau pengaruh kepada pelobi yang menawarkan tertinggi pampasan, termasuk di mana misalnya perbuatan yang kedua bagi pihak klien yang berkuasa seperti kumpulan industri yang ingin mengelakkan berlakunya peraturan alam sekitar, sosial, atau peraturan tertentu yang dianggap terlalu ketat, dan lain-lain. Di mana lobi adalah (cukup) dikawal, ia menjadi mungkin untuk menyediakan kriteria tersendiri dan untuk mempertimbangkan bahawa perdagangan dalam pengaruh melibatkan penggunaan \"pengaruh yang tidak wajar\", seperti dalam artikel 12 Konvensyen Undang-undang Jenayah mengenai Rasuah (ETS 173) Majlis Eropah. <> Menjual atau berdagang pengaruh kedudukan kerajaan dipanggil apa? || pengaruh menjimatkan <> Pengaruh jualan boleh melibatkan pihak ketiga dan ini dipanggil jenis hubungan? || tri-lateral <> Dalam beberapa situasi pihak ketiga dalam pengaruh menjejaki jenayah mungkin tidak terlibat atau mungkin apa? || aksesori <> Di mana lobi dikawal, apa yang disediakan untuk pertimbangan untuk menentukan pengaruh yang tidak betul? || kriteria yang tersendiri <> Apa artikel tentang Konvensi Hukum Pidana tentang Korupsi mengandung kriteria tersendiri untuk menentukan pengaruh yang tidak wajar? || artikel 12", {"qas": [{"question": "Selling or trading government position influence is called what?", "id": "56eaa11d0030b61400a34ff3", "answers": [{"text": "influence peddling", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Selling influence can involve third-parties and this is called what type of relation?", "id": "56eaa11d0030b61400a34ff4", "answers": [{"text": "tri-lateral", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In some situations the third-party in an influence peddling crime may be not involved or may be what?", "id": "56eaa11d0030b61400a34ff5", "answers": [{"text": "an accessory", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where lobbying is controlled, what does it provide for consideration to determine improper influencing?", "id": "56eaa11d0030b61400a34ff6", "answers": [{"text": "distinctive criteria", "answer_start": 996}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What article of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption contains distinctive criteria to determine improper influence?", "id": "56eaa11d0030b61400a34ff7", "answers": [{"text": "article 12", "answer_start": 1107}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Trading in influence, or influence peddling, refers a person selling his/her influence over the decision making process to benefit a third party (person or institution). The difference with bribery is that this is a tri-lateral relation. From a legal point of view, the role of the third party (who is the target of the influence) does not really matter although he/she can be an accessory in some instances. It can be difficult to make a distinction between this form of corruption and some forms of extreme and loosely regulated lobbying where for instance law- or decision-makers can freely \"sell\" their vote, decision power or influence to those lobbyists who offer the highest compensation, including where for instance the latter act on behalf of powerful clients such as industrial groups who want to avoid the passing of specific environmental, social, or other regulations perceived as too stringent, etc. Where lobbying is (sufficiently) regulated, it becomes possible to provide for a distinctive criteria and to consider that trading in influence involves the use of \"improper influence\", as in article 12 of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (ETS 173) of the Council of Europe."}], ["Kickbacks tidak terhad kepada pegawai kerajaan; apa-apa keadaan di mana orang yang diamanahkan untuk membelanjakan wang yang tidak dimiliki oleh mereka terdedah kepada rasuah seperti ini. <> Apa yang tidak terhad kepada pegawai kerajaan sahaja? || Kickbacks", {"qas": [{"question": "What is not limited to just government officials?", "id": "56eaa8575a205f1900d6d3c8", "answers": [{"text": "Kickbacks", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Kickbacks are not limited to government officials; any situation in which people are entrusted to spend funds that do not belong to them are susceptible to this kind of corruption."}], ["Thomas Jefferson mengamati kecenderungan untuk \"Para pegawai dari setiap kerajaan ... untuk memerintahkan kemerdekaan dan harta milik mereka. Tidak ada deposit selamat [untuk kebebasan dan harta] ... tanpa maklumat. dan setiap orang dapat membaca, semuanya selamat. \" <> Menurut Thomas Jefferson, ketika media bebas dan orang-orang melek huruf mereka apa? || selamat", {"qas": [{"question": "According to Thomas Jefferson, when the media is free and people are literate they are what?", "id": "56eaaabc0030b61400a3501e", "answers": [{"text": "safe", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Thomas Jefferson observed a tendency for \"The functionaries of every government ... to command at will the liberty and property of their constituents. There is no safe deposit [for liberty and property] ... without information. Where the press is free, and every man able to read, all is safe.\""}], ["Amerika Syarikat menuduh pemerintah Manuel Noriega di Panama sebagai \"narkokleokrasi\", sebuah kerajaan yang korup yang menguntungkan perdagangan dadah haram. Kemudian A.S. menyerang Panama dan merampas Noriega. <> Apa yang dituduh oleh kerajaan Noriega? || narcokleptocracy <> Negara apakah yang memerintah Noriega? || Panama <> Apa negara menyerang Panama untuk menangkap Noriega? || Amerika Syarikat <> Apakah narkokepokrasi? || kerajaan menguntungkan perdagangan dadah haram <> Apakah nama pertama Noriega? || Manuel", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Noriega's government accused of being?", "id": "56eaaa8f5a205f1900d6d3d4", "answers": [{"text": "narcokleptocracy", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country did Noriega rule?", "id": "56eaaa8f5a205f1900d6d3d5", "answers": [{"text": "Panama", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country invaded Panama to capture Noriega?", "id": "56eaaa8f5a205f1900d6d3d6", "answers": [{"text": "United States", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a narcokleptocracy?", "id": "56eaaa8f5a205f1900d6d3d7", "answers": [{"text": "government profiting on illegal drug trade", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Noriega's first name?", "id": "56eaaa8f5a205f1900d6d3d8", "answers": [{"text": "Manuel", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The United States accused Manuel Noriega's government in Panama of being a \"narcokleptocracy\", a corrupt government profiting on illegal drug trade. Later the U.S. invaded Panama and captured Noriega."}], ["Analisa evolusi media massa di Amerika Syarikat dan Eropah sejak Perang Dunia II mencatat hasil yang bercampur-campur dari pertumbuhan Internet: \"Revolusi digital telah baik untuk kebebasan bersuara [dan] maklumat [tetapi] mempunyai kesan bercampur-campur pada kebebasan akhbar \": Ia telah mengganggu sumber pendanaan tradisional, dan bentuk-bentuk baru kewartawanan internet telah menggantikan hanya sebahagian kecil dari apa yang telah hilang. <> Apakah analisis menunjukkan hasil bercampur? || pertumbuhan Internet <> Apa yang terganggu oleh pertumbuhan Internet untuk media? || sumber pembiayaan tradisional <> Berapa banyak jenis baru kewartawanan Internet menggantikan apa yang telah hilang dalam akhbar? || pecahan kecil", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the analysis show mixed results for?", "id": "56eaab6f0030b61400a35022", "answers": [{"text": "growth of the Internet", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was disrupted by Internet growth for the press?", "id": "56eaab6f0030b61400a35023", "answers": [{"text": "traditional sources of funding", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much has new types of Internet journalism replaced what has been lost in the press?", "id": "56eaab6f0030b61400a35024", "answers": [{"text": "a tiny fraction", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: \"The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press\": It has disrupted traditional sources of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost."}], ["Contoh ilustrasi penglibatan rasmi dalam jenayah terancang boleh didapati dari tahun 1920-an dan 1930-an di Shanghai, di mana Huang Jinrong adalah ketua polis dalam konsesi Perancis, dan pada masa yang sama menjadi bos geng dan bekerja sama dengan Du Yuesheng, pemimpin geng tempatan. Hubungan itu mengekalkan aliran keuntungan dari sarang judi, pelacuran, dan kerahsiaan perlindungan yang tidak terganggu. [Rujukan?] Ketika Jinrong seorang ketua polisi di daerah ini? || 1920-an dan 1930-an <> Siapa pemimpin gang tempatan di kawasan yang sama? || Du Yuesheng <> Selain menjadi ketua polis, Jinrong juga apa? || seorang bos geng", {"qas": [{"question": "When was Jinrong a police chief in this area?", "id": "56eaaa215a205f1900d6d3cd", "answers": [{"text": "1920s and 1930s", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was a local gang ringleader in the same area?", "id": "56eaaa215a205f1900d6d3ce", "answers": [{"text": "Du Yuesheng", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to being a police chief, Jinrong was also what?", "id": "56eaaa215a205f1900d6d3cf", "answers": [{"text": "a gang boss", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "An illustrative example of official involvement in organized crime can be found from 1920s and 1930s Shanghai, where Huang Jinrong was a police chief in the French concession, while simultaneously being a gang boss and co-operating with Du Yuesheng, the local gang ringleader. The relationship kept the flow of profits from the gang's gambling dens, prostitution, and protection rackets undisturbed.[citation needed]"}], ["Sumbung adalah bahagian rasmi dana yang tidak disalurkan yang diperuntukkan dari organisasinya kepada organisasi yang terlibat dalam pembentangan rasuah. Sebagai contoh, anggap seorang ahli politik bertanggungjawab memilih cara membelanjakan dana awam. Dia boleh memberikan kontrak kepada sebuah syarikat yang bukan penawar yang terbaik, atau memperuntukkan lebih banyak daripada mereka layak. Dalam kes ini, faedah syarikat, dan sebagai pertukaran untuk mengkhianati orang ramai, pegawai menerima bayaran balas, yang merupakan sebahagian dari jumlah yang diterima oleh syarikat. Jumlah ini sendiri mungkin kesemuanya atau sebahagian daripada perbezaan di antara pembayaran sebenar (meningkat) kepada syarikat dan harga berasaskan pasaran (yang lebih rendah) yang akan dibayar jika bidaan bersaing. <> Apakah bahagian rasmi awam dipanggil ketika terlibat dalam pembentangan korupsi? || kickback <> Kontrak boleh diberikan kepada seseorang yang bukan yang terbaik? || pembida", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the public official's share called when involved in corrupt bidding?", "id": "56eaa7590030b61400a3500d", "answers": [{"text": "kickback", "answer_start": 2}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A contract can be given to someone who is not the best what?", "id": "56eaa7590030b61400a3500e", "answers": [{"text": "bidder", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A kickback is an official's share of misappropriated funds allocated from his or her organization to an organization involved in corrupt bidding. For example, suppose that a politician is in charge of choosing how to spend some public funds. He can give a contract to a company that is not the best bidder, or allocate more than they deserve. In this case, the company benefits, and in exchange for betraying the public, the official receives a kickback payment, which is a portion of the sum the company received. This sum itself may be all or a portion of the difference between the actual (inflated) payment to the company and the (lower) market-based price that would have been paid had the bidding been competitive."}], ["Penyelidikan terkini menyokong tuntutan Jefferson. Brunetti dan Weder mendapati \"bukti hubungan yang signifikan antara kebebasan akhbar dan kurang rasuah dalam keratan rentas negara.\" Mereka juga membentangkan \"bukti yang menunjukkan bahawa arah penyebabnya berjalan dari kebebasan akhbar yang lebih tinggi untuk mengurangkan rasuah.\" Adser\u00e0, Boix, dan Payne mendapati peningkatan dalam pembaca akhbar menyebabkan peningkatan akauntabiliti politik dan mengurangkan rasuah dalam data dari kira-kira 100 negara dan dari negara-negara yang berlainan di AS. <> Siapa yang menemui bukti bahawa di mana media mempunyai kebebasan ada kurang rasuah politik? || Brunetti dan Weder <> Siapa yang dapati bahawa lebih ramai orang membaca akhbar menghasilkan akauntabiliti politik yang lebih tinggi? || Adser\u00e0, Boix, dan Payne <> Kira-kira 100 negara dan apa lagi yang dikumpulkan dari maklumat untuk menunjukkan bahawa lebih banyak orang yang membaca akhbar mempunyai akauntabiliti politik yang lebih tinggi? || negeri-negeri yang berlainan di Amerika Syarikat.", {"qas": [{"question": "Who found evidence that where the media had freedom there was less political corruption?", "id": "56eaaaf05a205f1900d6d3de", "answers": [{"text": "Brunetti and Weder", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who discovered that more people reading newspapers resulted in higher political accountability?", "id": "56eaaaf05a205f1900d6d3df", "answers": [{"text": "Adser\u00e0, Boix, and Payne", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About 100 countries and what else was information gathered from to show that more people reading newspapers had higher political accountability?", "id": "56eaaaf05a205f1900d6d3e0", "answers": [{"text": "different states in the US.", "answer_start": 502}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Recent research supports Jefferson's claim. Brunetti and Weder found \"evidence of a significant relationship between more press freedom and less corruption in a large cross-section of countries.\" They also presented \"evidence which suggests that the direction of causation runs from higher press freedom to lower corruption.\" Adser\u00e0, Boix, and Payne found that increases in newspaper readership led to increased political accountability and lower corruption in data from roughly 100 countries and from different states in the US."}], ["Perikatan yang tidak suci adalah koalisi di antara kumpulan-kumpulan seolah-olah antagonis untuk ad hoc atau keuntungan tersembunyi, pada umumnya beberapa kumpulan non-pemerintah yang berpengaruh membentuk hubungan dengan partai-partai politik, membekalkan pembiayaan sebagai pertukaran untuk rawatan yang menguntungkan. Sama seperti perlindungan, pakatan tidak suci tidak semestinya menyalahi undang-undang, tetapi tidak seperti perlindungan, dengan sifat menipu dan sering sumber kewangan yang besar, perikatan yang tidak suci boleh menjadi lebih berbahaya bagi kepentingan awam. Penggunaan awal istilah ini adalah oleh bekas Presiden AS Theodore \"Teddy\" Roosevelt: <> Apabila kumpulan-kumpulan yang antagonis antara satu sama lain membentuk gabungan untuk memperoleh keuntungan tersembunyi, apa yang disebut? || perikatan yang tidak suci <> Walaupun bukan haram, perikatan yang tidak suci boleh menjadi lebih berbahaya kepada masyarakat daripada apa? || naungan", {"qas": [{"question": "When groups that are antagonistic to each other form a coalition for hidden gain, it is called what?", "id": "56eaa9720030b61400a35015", "answers": [{"text": "unholy alliance", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "While not illegal, an unholy alliance can be more dangerous to the public than what?", "id": "56eaa9720030b61400a35017", "answers": [{"text": "patronage", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "An unholy alliance is a coalition among seemingly antagonistic groups for ad hoc or hidden gain, generally some influential non-governmental group forming ties with political parties, supplying funding in exchange for the favorable treatment. Like patronage, unholy alliances are not necessarily illegal, but unlike patronage, by its deceptive nature and often great financial resources, an unholy alliance can be much more dangerous to the public interest. An early use of the term was by former US President Theodore \"Teddy\" Roosevelt:"}], ["Snyder dan Str\u00f6mberg mendapati \"yang tidak sesuai antara pasaran akhbar dan daerah politik mengurangkan liputan akhbar politik. ... Kongres yang kurang dilindungi oleh kerja media tempatan kurang untuk kawasan pilihan raya mereka: mereka kurang cenderung untuk menjadi saksi sebelum perbicaraan kongres. .. Belanja Persekutuan lebih rendah di kawasan yang kurang liputan liputan anggota kongres tempatan. \" Schulhofer-Wohl dan Garrido mendapati bahawa tahun selepas Cincinnati Post ditutup pada tahun 2007, \"kurang calon berlari untuk pejabat perbandaran di pinggir bandar Kentucky yang paling bergantung pada Pos, penyandang menjadi lebih cenderung untuk memenangi pemilihan semula, dan belanja pengundi dan perbelanjaan kempen jatuh. <> Siapa yang menemui korelasi bahawa kongres yang kurang liputan media tempatan kurang bekerja untuk orang yang memilih mereka? || Snyder dan Str\u00f6mberg <> Apa akhbar yang berhenti diterbitkan pada tahun 2007? || Cincinnati Post <> Siapa yang paling mungkin dipilih semula selepas Post ditutup? || penyandang dana <> Perbelanjaan kempen dan apa yang jatuh selepas Post berhenti menerbitkan?", {"qas": [{"question": "Who discovered the correlation that congressman who have less local press coverage work less for the people who elected them?", "id": "56eaab375a205f1900d6d3e5", "answers": [{"text": "Snyder and Str\u00f6mberg", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What newspaper stopped publishing in 2007?", "id": "56eaab375a205f1900d6d3e6", "answers": [{"text": "Cincinnati Post", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was most likely to get reelected after the Post shut down?", "id": "56eaab375a205f1900d6d3e7", "answers": [{"text": "incumbents", "answer_start": 584}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Campaign spending and what fell after the Post stopped publishing?", "id": "56eaab375a205f1900d6d3e8", "answers": [{"text": "voter turnout", "answer_start": 637}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Snyder and Str\u00f6mberg found \"that a poor fit between newspaper markets and political districts reduces press coverage of politics. ... Congressmen who are less covered by the local press work less for their constituencies: they are less likely to stand witness before congressional hearings ... . Federal spending is lower in areas where there is less press coverage of the local members of congress.\" Schulhofer-Wohl and Garrido found that the year after the Cincinnati Post closed in 2007, \"fewer candidates ran for municipal office in the Kentucky suburbs most reliant on the Post, incumbents became more likely to win reelection, and voter turnout and campaign spending fell."}], ["Transparency International, sebuah NGO anti rasuah, mempelopori bidang ini dengan IHP, yang pertama kali dikeluarkan pada tahun 1995. Kerja ini sering dikreditkan dengan melanggar tabu dan memaksakan isu rasuah ke dalam wacana dasar pembangunan peringkat tinggi. Transparency International kini menerbitkan tiga langkah, dikemaskini setiap tahun: CPI (berdasarkan mengagregat pengundian pihak ketiga mengenai persepsi orang ramai tentang bagaimana negara-negara yang berbeza ras); Barometer Rasuah Global (berdasarkan kaji selidik sikap umum dan pengalaman rasuah); dan Indeks Pembayar Rasuah, melihat kesediaan firma asing untuk membayar rasuah. Indeks Persepsi Rasuah adalah yang paling terkenal dari metrik ini, walaupun ia telah banyak mengkritik dan mungkin menurun dalam pengaruh. Pada 2013 Transparency International menerbitkan laporan mengenai \"Indeks Anti Rasuah Pertahanan Kerajaan\". Indeks ini menilai risiko rasuah dalam sektor ketenteraan negara. <> Berapa banyak langkah yang diterbitkan Transparency International sekarang? || tiga <> Apa ukuran yang Transparency International menerbitkan yang melihat keinginan sebuah syarikat asing untuk membayar sogokan? || Indeks Pembayar Rasuah <> Apakah ukuran yang diterbitkannya yang melibatkan pengundian untuk menentukan orang ramai mengambil kira bagaimana pelbagai negara rasuah? || CPI <> Bilakah CPI pertama dikeluarkan? || 1995 <> Indeks mana yang mengkaji korelasi rasuah dan ketenteraan di negara? || Indeks Pertahanan Rasuah Kerajaan", {"qas": [{"question": "How many measures does Transparency International publish right now?", "id": "56eaac850030b61400a35029", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the measure that Transparency International publishes that looks at the willingness of a foreign company to pay a bribe?", "id": "56eaac850030b61400a3502a", "answers": [{"text": "Bribe Payers Index", "answer_start": 556}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the measure that it publishes that involves polling to determine the public's take on how corrupt various countries are?", "id": "56eaac850030b61400a3502b", "answers": [{"text": "CPI", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the CPI first released?", "id": "56eaac850030b61400a3502c", "answers": [{"text": "1995", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which index studies the correlation of corruption and military in a country?", "id": "56eaac850030b61400a3502d", "answers": [{"text": "Government Defence Anti-corruption Index", "answer_start": 836}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Transparency International, an anti-corruption NGO, pioneered this field with the CPI, first released in 1995. This work is often credited with breaking a taboo and forcing the issue of corruption into high level development policy discourse. Transparency International currently publishes three measures, updated annually: a CPI (based on aggregating third-party polling of public perceptions of how corrupt different countries are); a Global Corruption Barometer (based on a survey of general public attitudes toward and experience of corruption); and a Bribe Payers Index, looking at the willingness of foreign firms to pay bribes. The Corruption Perceptions Index is the best known of these metrics, though it has drawn much criticism and may be declining in influence. In 2013 Transparency International published a report on the \"Government Defence Anti-corruption Index\". This index evaluates the risk of corruption in countries' military sector."}], ["Pemerintahan diktator yang korup biasanya mengakibatkan kesulitan dan penderitaan umum selama bertahun-tahun bagi kebanyakan rakyat sebagai masyarakat sivil dan peraturan undang-undang hancur. Di samping itu, diktator rasuah secara rutin mengabaikan masalah ekonomi dan sosial dalam usaha mereka untuk mengumpulkan lebih banyak kekayaan dan kuasa. <> Dalam mengejar lebih banyak wang dan kuasa, diktator korup sering mengabaikan apa? || masalah ekonomi dan sosial", {"qas": [{"question": "In their pursuit of more money and power, corrupt dictators often ignore what?", "id": "56eab1825a205f1900d6d421", "answers": [{"text": "economic and social problems", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A corrupt dictatorship typically results in many years of general hardship and suffering for the vast majority of citizens as civil society and the rule of law disintegrate. In addition, corrupt dictators routinely ignore economic and social problems in their quest to amass ever more wealth and power."}], ["Pendekatan alternatif, seperti penyelidikan Pemandu Pertukaran agensi British, melangkau nombor dan menggalakkan pemahaman rasuah melalui analisis ekonomi politik yang mengawal kuasa dalam masyarakat tertentu. <> Apakah kajian agensi bantuan British itu? || Pemacu Perubahan <> Apa yang menyebabkan Pemandu Perubahan melangkau? || nombor <> Apa yang digalakkan Pemandu Perubahan? || memahami rasuah", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the British aid agency's research called?", "id": "56eab0195a205f1900d6d404", "answers": [{"text": "Drivers of Change", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Drivers of Change skip?", "id": "56eab0195a205f1900d6d405", "answers": [{"text": "numbers", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Drivers of Change promote?", "id": "56eab0195a205f1900d6d406", "answers": [{"text": "understanding corruption", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Alternative approaches, such as the British aid agency's Drivers of Change research, skips numbers and promotes understanding corruption via political economy analysis of who controls power in a given society."}], ["Metrik rasuah gelombang tipikal biasa tidak menawarkan liputan seluruh dunia yang terdapat dalam projek gelombang pertama, malah menumpukan perhatian kepada penyetempatan maklumat yang dikumpulkan kepada masalah khusus dan mewujudkan kandungan \"penjelasan yang diperlukan\" yang tidak dapat dikemas \"yang sesuai dengan data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. <> Gelombang kedua metrik memfokuskan pada tahap rasuah? || tempatan <> Tidak seperti gelombang pertama, gelombang kedua tidak menawarkan jenis perlindungan apa? || di seluruh dunia", {"qas": [{"question": "The second wave of metrics focuses on what level of corruption?", "id": "56eaaf7d5a205f1900d6d400", "answers": [{"text": "local", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Unlike the first wave, the second wave does not offer what type of coverage?", "id": "56eaaf7d5a205f1900d6d401", "answers": [{"text": "worldwide", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Typical second wave corruption metrics do not offer the worldwide coverage found in first wave projects, and instead focus on localizing information gathered to specific problems and creating deep, \"unpackable\"[clarification needed] content that matches quantitative and qualitative data."}], ["Di Kesatuan Eropah, prinsip subsidiariti digunakan: perkhidmatan kerajaan harus disediakan oleh pihak berkuasa yang paling rendah, paling tempatan yang dapat memberikannya dengan cekap. Kesannya ialah pengagihan dana ke dalam beberapa keadaan tidak menggalakkan penggelapan, kerana walaupun jumlah kecil yang hilang akan diperhatikan. Sebaliknya, di pihak berkuasa berpusat, walaupun bahagian kecil dana awam boleh jumlah wang yang besar. <> Menyediakan perkhidmatan kerajaan dari bentuk kerajaan terendah yang dapat menyediakan perkhidmatan yang secukupnya? || prinsip subsidiari <> Apa yang mengedarkan wang ke dalam beberapa keadaan tidak menggalakkan? || penyelewengan <> Bahkan jumlah wang awam yang kecil dapat banyak dalam jenis otoritas apa? || berpusat", {"qas": [{"question": "Providing a government service from the lowest form of local government that can adequately provide the service is called what?", "id": "56eab1020030b61400a35033", "answers": [{"text": "principle of subsidiarity", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does distributing money into multiple instances discourage?", "id": "56eab1020030b61400a35034", "answers": [{"text": "embezzlement", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Even small amounts of public money can be a lot in what type of authority?", "id": "56eab1020030b61400a35035", "answers": [{"text": "centralized", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the European Union, the principle of subsidiarity is applied: a government service should be provided by the lowest, most local authority that can competently provide it. An effect is that distribution of funds into multiple instances discourages embezzlement, because even small sums missing will be noticed. In contrast, in a centralized authority, even minute proportions of public funds can be large sums of money."}], ["Jika eselon tertinggi kerajaan juga mengambil kesempatan daripada rasuah atau penggelapan dari perbendaharaan negeri, kadang-kadang dirujuk dengan kleptokrasi neologisme. Ahli-ahli kerajaan boleh memanfaatkan sumber-sumber semula jadi (mis., Berlian dan minyak dalam beberapa kes terkemuka) atau industri produktif milik negara. Sebilangan kerajaan yang korup telah memperkaya diri mereka melalui bantuan asing, yang sering dibelanjakan untuk bangunan dan persenjataan. <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila up lebih tinggi dalam embezzle kerajaan dari perbendaharaan kerajaan? || Kleptokrasi <> Apa contoh sumber semula jadi yang dilakukan oleh pegawai rasuah dalam kerajaan? || berlian dan minyak <> Beberapa kerajaan yang korup menggunakan jenis wang yang masuk? || Bantuan asing <> Wang bantuan asing kadang-kadang digunakan untuk membina struktur mewah dan untuk membeli apa? || senjata", {"qas": [{"question": "What is it called when higher ups in government embezzle from the government's treasury?", "id": "56eab1550030b61400a35039", "answers": [{"text": "kleptocracy", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What examples of natural resources do some corrupt officials in government take?", "id": "56eab1550030b61400a3503a", "answers": [{"text": "diamonds and oil", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some corrupt governments use what type of money coming in?", "id": "56eab1550030b61400a3503b", "answers": [{"text": "foreign aid", "answer_start": 398}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Foreign aid money is sometimes used to build fancy structures and to buy what?", "id": "56eab1550030b61400a3503c", "answers": [{"text": "armaments", "answer_start": 455}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "If the highest echelons of the governments also take advantage from corruption or embezzlement from the state's treasury, it is sometimes referred with the neologism kleptocracy. Members of the government can take advantage of the natural resources (e.g., diamonds and oil in a few prominent cases) or state-owned productive industries. A number of corrupt governments have enriched themselves via foreign aid, which is often spent on showy buildings and armaments."}], ["Kes klasik yang diktator yang dikritik secara eksploitif yang sering diberikan ialah rejim Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko, yang memerintah Republik Demokratik Kongo (yang dinamakannya Zaire) dari tahun 1965 hingga 1997. Dikatakan bahawa penggunaan kleptokrasi istilah semakin popular sebahagian besarnya sebagai tindak balas kepada keperluan untuk menggambarkan rejim Mobutu dengan tepat. Satu lagi kes klasik ialah Nigeria, terutamanya di bawah pemerintahan Jeneral Sani Abacha yang merupakan presiden de facto Nigeria dari tahun 1993 hingga kematiannya pada tahun 1998. Dia terkenal dengan mencuri beberapa AS $ 3-4 bilion. Dia dan kerabatnya sering disebut dalam penipuan surat 419 Nigeria yang mendakwa menawarkan nasib yang luas untuk \"membantu\" dalam pencucian \"kekayaan\" yang dicuri, yang pada kenyataannya tidak wujud. Lebih daripada $ 400 bilion telah dicuri dari perbendaharaan oleh pemimpin Nigeria antara 1960 dan 1999. <> Siapa diktator di Zaire dari tahun 1965 hingga 1997? || Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko <> Apa yang digunakan oleh Zaire? || Republik Demokratik Kongo <> Istilah apa yang menjadi lebih popular sebagai Mobutu memerintah? || kleptocracy <> Yang memerintah Nigeria sehingga dia meninggal pada tahun 1998? || Ketua Sani Abacha", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the dictator in Zaire from 1965 to 1997?", "id": "56eab1d05a205f1900d6d426", "answers": [{"text": "Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Zaire used to be known as?", "id": "56eab1d05a205f1900d6d427", "answers": [{"text": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term became more popular as Mobutu ruled?", "id": "56eab1d05a205f1900d6d428", "answers": [{"text": "kleptocracy", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ruled Nigeria until he died in 1998?", "id": "56eab1d05a205f1900d6d429", "answers": [{"text": "General Sani Abacha", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The classic case of a corrupt, exploitive dictator often given is the regime of Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko, who ruled the Democratic Republic of the Congo (which he renamed Zaire) from 1965 to 1997. It is said that usage of the term kleptocracy gained popularity largely in response to a need to accurately describe Mobutu's regime. Another classic case is Nigeria, especially under the rule of General Sani Abacha who was de facto president of Nigeria from 1993 until his death in 1998. He is reputed to have stolen some US$3\u20134 billion. He and his relatives are often mentioned in Nigerian 419 letter scams claiming to offer vast fortunes for \"help\" in laundering his stolen \"fortunes\", which in reality turn out not to exist. More than $400 billion was stolen from the treasury by Nigeria's leaders between 1960 and 1999."}], ["Seperti aktiviti ekonomi kerajaan yang lain, juga penswastaan, seperti dalam penjualan harta milik kerajaan, sangat berisiko terhadap kronisme. Penswastaan di Rusia, Amerika Latin, dan Jerman Timur disertai dengan rasuah berskala besar semasa penjualan syarikat milik negara. Mereka yang mempunyai hubungan politik secara tidak adil memperoleh kekayaan yang besar, yang telah membatalkan penswastaan di rantau ini. Walaupun media telah melaporkan secara meluasnya rasuah besar yang mengiringi penjualan, kajian berpendapat bahawa sebagai tambahan kepada peningkatan kecekapan operasi, korupsi kecil harian adalah, atau akan, lebih besar tanpa penswastaan, dan korupsi lebih meluas dalam sektor yang tidak diswastakan. Selain itu, terdapat bukti yang menunjukkan bahawa aktiviti extralegal dan tidak rasmi lebih banyak berlaku di negara-negara yang diprivatisasi kurang. <> Menjual harta kerajaan sangat berisiko untuk apa? || kronisme <> Apa jenis orang yang kaya dari penjualan syarikat milik kerajaan? || Mereka yang mempunyai hubungan politik <> Di manakah rasuah lebih umum? || sektor yang tidak diswastakan <> Negara apa yang berlaku lebih ekstralegal dan tidak rasmi? || diswastakan kurang", {"qas": [{"question": "Selling government property is highly at risk for what?", "id": "56eab0dc5a205f1900d6d416", "answers": [{"text": "cronyism", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of people got wealthy from the sale of state-owned companies?", "id": "56eab0dc5a205f1900d6d418", "answers": [{"text": "Those with political connections", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is corruption even more prevalent?", "id": "56eab0dc5a205f1900d6d419", "answers": [{"text": "non-privatized sectors", "answer_start": 685}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Countries that what have more extralegal and unofficial things going on?", "id": "56eab0dc5a205f1900d6d41a", "answers": [{"text": "privatized less", "answer_start": 830}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Like other governmental economic activities, also privatization, such as in the sale of government-owned property, is particularly at the risk of cronyism. Privatizations in Russia, Latin America, and East Germany were accompanied by large-scale corruption during the sale of the state owned companies. Those with political connections unfairly gained large wealth, which has discredited privatization in these regions. While media have reported widely the grand corruption that accompanied the sales, studies have argued that in addition to increased operating efficiency, daily petty corruption is, or would be, larger without privatization, and that corruption is more prevalent in non-privatized sectors. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that extralegal and unofficial activities are more prevalent in countries that privatized less."}], ["Bank Dunia mengumpul pelbagai data mengenai rasuah, termasuk respons tinjauan dari lebih 100,000 firma di seluruh dunia dan satu set petunjuk kualiti tadbir urus dan institusi. Selain itu, salah satu daripada enam dimensi tadbir urus yang diukur oleh Penunjuk Urus Tadbir Sedunia adalah Pengawalan Rasuah, yang ditakrifkan sebagai \"sejauh mana kuasa dilaksanakan untuk mendapatkan keuntungan pribadi, termasuk bentuk korupsi yang kecil dan besar, serta 'menangkap 'negara oleh elit dan kepentingan peribadi. \" Walaupun takrif itu sendiri adalah tepat, data yang diagregatkan ke dalam Petunjuk Urus Tadbir Sedunia adalah berdasarkan mana-mana pengundian yang tersedia: soalan dari \"rasuah adalah masalah yang serius?\" untuk mengukur akses awam kepada maklumat, dan tidak konsisten di seluruh negara. Walaupun kelemahan-kelemahan ini, liputan global dalam dataset ini telah membawa kepada penggunaannya yang meluas, terutama oleh Millennium Challenge Corporation. <> Berapa banyak firma di seluruh dunia yang telah dikaji oleh Bank Dunia berkenaan dengan kajian rasuahnya? || Lebih dari 100,000 <> Berapa banyak dimensi tadbir urus yang diukur oleh Petunjuk Pemerintahan Sedunia? || enam <> Salah satu dimensi adalah sejauh mana kuasa dilaksanakan untuk mendapatkan keuntungan peribadi, yang dipanggil apa? || Kawalan Rasuah <> Organisasi mana yang paling ketara untuk mengamalkan liputan global kajian ini? || Millennium Challenge Corporation", {"qas": [{"question": "How many firms throughout the world have been surveyed by the World Bank in regards to its corruption study?", "id": "56eaadd55a205f1900d6d3ee", "answers": [{"text": "over 100,000", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many dimensions of governance are measured by the Worldwide Governance Indicators?", "id": "56eaadd55a205f1900d6d3ef", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "One of the dimensions is the extent to which power is exercised for personal gain, which is called what?", "id": "56eaadd55a205f1900d6d3f0", "answers": [{"text": "Control of Corruption", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which organization is most notable for adopting the global coverage of these studies?", "id": "56eaadd55a205f1900d6d3f1", "answers": [{"text": "Millennium Challenge Corporation", "answer_start": 906}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The World Bank collects a range of data on corruption, including survey responses from over 100,000 firms worldwide and a set of indicators of governance and institutional quality. Moreover, one of the six dimensions of governance measured by the Worldwide Governance Indicators is Control of Corruption, which is defined as \"the extent to which power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as 'capture' of the state by elites and private interests.\" While the definition itself is fairly precise, the data aggregated into the Worldwide Governance Indicators is based on any available polling: questions range from \"is corruption a serious problem?\" to measures of public access to information, and not consistent across countries. Despite these weaknesses, the global coverage of these datasets has led to their widespread adoption, most notably by the Millennium Challenge Corporation."}], ["Perbelanjaan awam yang meluas dan pelbagai adalah dengan sendirinya berisiko menimbulkan risiko kronisme, sogokan, dan penggelapan. Peraturan-peraturan yang rumit dan tingkah laku rasmi tanpa pengawasan yang memburukkan lagi masalah. Ini adalah satu hujah untuk penswastaan dan penyahkawalseliaan. Penentang penswastaan melihat argumen sebagai ideologi. Hujah bahawa rasuah semestinya berikutan dari peluang dilemahkan oleh kewujudan negara-negara yang mempunyai korupsi yang rendah dan tidak ada tetapi sektor awam yang besar, seperti negara-negara Nordik. Negara-negara ini menjaringkan tinggi pada Indeks Kemudahan Melakukan Perniagaan, kerana peraturan-peraturan yang baik dan sering mudah, dan mempunyai undang-undang yang kukuh. Oleh kerana kekurangan korupsi di tempat pertama, mereka dapat menjalankan sektor publik yang besar tanpa mendorong korupsi politik. Bukti terkini yang mengambil kedua-dua saiz perbelanjaan dan kerumitan peraturan telah mendapati bahawa demokrasi berpendapatan tinggi dengan sektor negeri yang lebih luas memang mempunyai tahap korupsi yang lebih tinggi. <> Perbelanjaan awam mempunyai risiko sogokan, penyelewengan dan apa? || kronisme <> Peraturan jenis apa yang membuat korupsi lebih buruk untuk perbelanjaan awam? || Complicated <> Potensi untuk rasuah dalam perbelanjaan awam adalah salah satu argumen yang memihak kepada apa? || penswastaan dan penyahkawalseliaan <> Negara apakah yang mempunyai sektor awam yang besar tetapi korupsi yang rendah? || Nordic <> Apa yang berlaku di negara-negara rasuah yang rendah? || peraturan perundangan", {"qas": [{"question": "Public spending has risks of kickbacks, embezzlement and what?", "id": "56eab0855a205f1900d6d40c", "answers": [{"text": "cronyism", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of regulations make corruption worse for public spending?", "id": "56eab0855a205f1900d6d40d", "answers": [{"text": "Complicated", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The potential for corruption in public spending are one of the arguments that favor what?", "id": "56eab0855a205f1900d6d40e", "answers": [{"text": "privatization and deregulation", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What countries have big public sectors but low corruption?", "id": "56eab0855a205f1900d6d40f", "answers": [{"text": "Nordic", "answer_start": 507}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do the low corruption countries have solidly established?", "id": "56eab0855a205f1900d6d410", "answers": [{"text": "rule of law", "answer_start": 640}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Extensive and diverse public spending is, in itself, inherently at risk of cronyism, kickbacks, and embezzlement. Complicated regulations and arbitrary, unsupervised official conduct exacerbate the problem. This is one argument for privatization and deregulation. Opponents of privatization see the argument as ideological. The argument that corruption necessarily follows from the opportunity is weakened by the existence of countries with low to non-existent corruption but large public sectors, like the Nordic countries. These countries score high on the Ease of Doing Business Index, due to good and often simple regulations, and have rule of law firmly established. Therefore, due to their lack of corruption in the first place, they can run large public sectors without inducing political corruption. Recent evidence that takes both the size of expenditures and regulatory complexity into account has found that high-income democracies with more expansive state sectors do indeed have higher levels of corruption."}], ["Beberapa pihak telah mengumpulkan data tinjauan, dari orang awam dan daripada pakar, untuk mencuba dan mengukur tahap rasuah dan rasuah, serta kesannya terhadap hasil politik dan ekonomi. Gelombang korupsi kedua telah dihasilkan oleh Integriti Global, Perkongsian Anggaran Antarabangsa, dan banyak kumpulan tempatan yang kurang dikenali. Metrik ini termasuk Indeks Integriti Global, yang pertama diterbitkan pada tahun 2004. Projek gelombang kedua ini bertujuan untuk membuat perubahan dasar dengan mengenal pasti sumber yang lebih berkesan dan membuat senarai semak ke arah pembaharuan tambahan. Integriti Global dan Perkongsian Anggaran Antarabangsa masing-masing mengetengahkan tinjauan awam dan sebaliknya menggunakan pakar dalam negara untuk menilai \"kebalikan dari rasuah\" - yang Integriti Global mentakrif sebagai dasar awam yang menghalang, menghalang, atau mendedahkan rasuah. Pendekatan ini memuji gelombang pertama, alat penjanaan kesedaran dengan memberikan kerajaan menghadapi bantahan awam senarai semakan yang mengukur langkah-langkah konkrit ke arah tadbir urus yang lebih baik. <> Satu set metrik korupsi kedua telah disusun oleh Integriti Global dan apa organisasi lain? || Perkongsian Anggaran Antarabangsa <> Bilakah Indeks Integriti Global pertama kali diterbitkan? || 2004 <> Kedua-dua syarikat tidak lagi menggunakan cara mengumpul data? || kaji selidik awam <> Daripada tinjauan awam, organisasi menggunakan apa yang hendak dikaji rasuah? || pakar dalam negara", {"qas": [{"question": "A second set of corruption metrics has been compiled by Global Integrity and what other organization?", "id": "56eaaf2b5a205f1900d6d3f6", "answers": [{"text": "International Budget Partnership", "answer_start": 590}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Global Integrity Index first published?", "id": "56eaaf2b5a205f1900d6d3f7", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Both companies no longer use what means of collecting of data?", "id": "56eaaf2b5a205f1900d6d3f8", "answers": [{"text": "public surveys", "answer_start": 642}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Instead of public surveys, the organizations use what to study corruption?", "id": "56eaaf2b5a205f1900d6d3f9", "answers": [{"text": "in-country experts", "answer_start": 674}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A number of parties have collected survey data, from the public and from experts, to try and gauge the level of corruption and bribery, as well as its impact on political and economic outcomes. A second wave of corruption metrics has been created by Global Integrity, the International Budget Partnership, and many lesser known local groups. These metrics include the Global Integrity Index, first published in 2004. These second wave projects aim to create policy change by identifying resources more effectively and creating checklists toward incremental reform. Global Integrity and the International Budget Partnership each dispense with public surveys and instead uses in-country experts to evaluate \"the opposite of corruption\" \u2013 which Global Integrity defines as the public policies that prevent, discourage, or expose corruption. These approaches compliment the first wave, awareness-raising tools by giving governments facing public outcry a checklist which measures concrete steps toward improved governance."}], ["Mengukur rasuah secara statistik adalah sukar jika tidak mustahil disebabkan sifat haram transaksi dan takrif definisi rasuah. Walaupun indeks \"korupsi\" pertama kali muncul pada tahun 1995 dengan Indeks Persepsi Rasuah, semua metrik ini menangani proksi yang berlainan untuk rasuah, seperti persepsi orang ramai tentang masalahnya. <> Mengapa sukar untuk mengukur rasuah? || takrif definisi rasuah <> Bilakah indeks mengenai korupsi muncul? || 1995 <> Apakah indeks pertama mengenai rasuah, pada tahun 1995? || Indeks CPI Persepsi Rasuah", {"qas": [{"question": "Why is it difficult to measure corruption?", "id": "56eab5ed0030b61400a3504b", "answers": [{"text": "imprecise definitions of corruption", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did indices on corruption first appear?", "id": "56eab5ed0030b61400a3504c", "answers": [{"text": "1995", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first index on corruption, in 1995?", "id": "56eab5ed0030b61400a3504d", "answers": [{"text": "the Corruption Perceptions Index CPI", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Measuring corruption statistically is difficult if not impossible due to the illicit nature of the transaction and imprecise definitions of corruption. While \"corruption\" indices first appeared in 1995 with the Corruption Perceptions Index CPI, all of these metrics address different proxies for corruption, such as public perceptions of the extent of the problem."}], ["Pada tahun 1990-an, inisiatif telah diambil pada peringkat antarabangsa (khususnya oleh Komuniti Eropah, Majlis Eropah, OECD) untuk mengharamkan rasuah: pada tahun 1996, Jawatankuasa Menteri-menteri Majlis Eropah, misalnya, mengguna pakai Program Tindakan yang menyeluruh terhadap Rasuah dan, kemudian, mengeluarkan beberapa siri instrumen penetapan standard anti-rasuah: <> Apa dekad yang menyaksikan inisiatif antarabangsa untuk memerangi rasuah? || 1990-an <> Siapa yang memulakan Program Tindakan? || Menteri Majlis Eropah <> Apa isu Program Tindakan? || satu siri alat penetapan standard anti-rasuah", {"qas": [{"question": "What decade saw international initiatives to combat corruption?", "id": "56eab6970030b61400a3505b", "answers": [{"text": "1990s", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who started the Programme of Action?", "id": "56eab6970030b61400a3505c", "answers": [{"text": "Ministers of the Council of Europe", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Programme of Action issue?", "id": "56eab6970030b61400a3505d", "answers": [{"text": "a series of anti-corruption standard-setting instruments", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 1990s, initiatives were taken at an international level (in particular by the European Community, the Council of Europe, the OECD) to put a ban on corruption: in 1996, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, for instance, adopted a comprehensive Programme of Action against Corruption and, subsequently, issued a series of anti-corruption standard-setting instruments:"}], ["Konvensyen lebih lanjut telah diterima pakai di peringkat serantau di bawah pertubuhan Pertubuhan Negara-negara Amerika (OAS atau OEA), Kesatuan Afrika, dan pada tahun 2003, di peringkat sejagat di bawah Konvensyen Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu melawan Rasuah. <> Apa itu OAS? || Pertubuhan Negara-Negara Amerika <> Konvensyen tambahan telah diterima pakai di peringkat serantau oleh OAS dan siapa? || Uni Afrika <> Organisasi apa yang bergabung di peringkat sejagat? || Konvensyen Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu Menentang Rasuah <> Kapan Konvensyen Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu melawan Rasuah? || 2003", {"qas": [{"question": "What is OAS?", "id": "56eab2c15a205f1900d6d430", "answers": [{"text": "Organization of American States", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Additional conventions were adopted at the regional level by OAS and who?", "id": "56eab2c15a205f1900d6d431", "answers": [{"text": "the African Union", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization joined at the universal level?", "id": "56eab2c15a205f1900d6d432", "answers": [{"text": "the United Nations Convention against Corruption", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the United Nations Convention against Corruption join?", "id": "56eab2c15a205f1900d6d433", "answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Further conventions were adopted at the regional level under the aegis of the Organization of American States (OAS or OEA), the African Union, and in 2003, at the universal level under that of the United Nations Convention against Corruption."}], ["Terdapat dua kaedah rasuah badan kehakiman: negara (melalui perancangan bajet dan pelbagai keistimewaan), dan swasta. Belanjawan badan kehakiman di negara-negara peralihan dan negara sedang berkembang hampir sepenuhnya dikendalikan oleh eksekutif. Yang terakhir melemahkan pemisahan kuasa, kerana ia mewujudkan pergantungan kewangan kritikal terhadap badan kehakiman. Pengagihan kekayaan negara yang betul termasuk belanja kerajaan ke badan kehakiman adalah tertakluk kepada ekonomi perlembagaan. Korupsi kehakiman boleh menjadi sukar untuk menghapuskan sepenuhnya, bahkan di negara maju. <> Berapa banyak kaedah korupsi kehakiman ada di sana? || dua <> Apa bahagian kerajaan mengawal bajet kehakiman di banyak negara membangun? || eksekutif <> Apakah kawalan cawangan eksekutif terhadap wang kehakiman merosot? || pemisahan kuasa <> Apa jenis rasuah yang sukar disingkirkan walaupun di negara maju? || kehakiman", {"qas": [{"question": "How many methods of judiciary corruption are there?", "id": "56eab6410030b61400a35051", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of the government controls the judiciary budget in many developing countries?", "id": "56eab6410030b61400a35053", "answers": [{"text": "executive", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does executive branch control over judiciary money undermine?", "id": "56eab6410030b61400a35054", "answers": [{"text": "separation of powers", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of corruption is hard to get rid of even in developed countries?", "id": "56eab6410030b61400a35055", "answers": [{"text": "judiciary", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary. The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics. Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries."}], ["Penyiaran telekomunikasi dan radio mudah alih membantu menentang rasuah, terutamanya dalam membangunkan kawasan-kawasan seperti Afrika, di mana bentuk komunikasi lain adalah terhad. Di India, biro anti rasuah bertarung melawan rasuah, dan sebuah rang undang-undang ombudsman baru yang dipanggil Jan Lokpal Bill sedang disediakan. <> Siaran radio dan apa yang membantu menghalang rasuah? || Telekomunikasi mudah alih <> Negara apa yang digunakan sebagai contoh untuk bentuk komunikasi terhad? || Afrika <> Yang bekerja menentang rasuah di India? || biro anti rasuah <> Apa rang undang-undang ombudsman baru disiapkan di India? || Jan Lokpal Bill", {"qas": [{"question": "Radio broadcasts and what help deter corruption?", "id": "56eab6715a205f1900d6d438", "answers": [{"text": "Mobile telecommunications", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country is used as an example for limited forms of communications?", "id": "56eab6715a205f1900d6d439", "answers": [{"text": "Africa", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who works against corruption in India?", "id": "56eab6715a205f1900d6d43a", "answers": [{"text": "the anti-corruption bureau", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What new ombudsman bill is being readied in India?", "id": "56eab6715a205f1900d6d43b", "answers": [{"text": "Jan Lokpal Bill", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Mobile telecommunications and radio broadcasting help to fight corruption, especially in developing regions like Africa, where other forms of communications are limited. In India, the anti-corruption bureau fights against corruption, and a new ombudsman bill called Jan Lokpal Bill is being prepared."}], ["Tujuan instrumen ini adalah untuk menangani pelbagai bentuk rasuah (melibatkan sektor awam, sektor swasta, pembiayaan aktiviti politik, dan lain-lain) sama ada mereka mempunyai ketetapan domestik atau juga transnational dimensi. Untuk memantau pelaksanaan di tingkat nasional keperluan dan prinsip yang disediakan dalam teks tersebut, mekanisme pengawasan - Kumpulan Negara Terhadap Korupsi (juga dikenali sebagai GRECO) telah dibuat. <> Apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh GRECO? || Kumpulan Negara Terhadap Rasuah <> Apakah nama Perancis bersamaan dengan GRECO? || Groupe d'Etats contre la corruption <> Instrumen-instrumen yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan bentuk rasuah berbeza melihat apakah mereka tegar domestik atau apa? || transnasional", {"qas": [{"question": "What does GRECO stand for?", "id": "56eab7245a205f1900d6d440", "answers": [{"text": "Group of States Against Corruption", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the French equivalent of GRECO?", "id": "56eab7245a205f1900d6d441", "answers": [{"text": "Groupe d'Etats contre la corruption", "answer_start": 450}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The instruments used to point out the different corrupt forms looked to see if they were rigidly domestic or what?", "id": "56eab7245a205f1900d6d442", "answers": [{"text": "transnational", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The purpose of these instruments was to address the various forms of corruption (involving the public sector, the private sector, the financing of political activities, etc.) whether they had a strictly domestic or also a transnational dimension. To monitor the implementation at national level of the requirements and principles provided in those texts, a monitoring mechanism \u2013 the Group of States Against Corruption (also known as GRECO) (French: Groupe d'Etats contre la corruption) was created."}], ["Baru-baru ini, artikel dalam pelbagai majalah berkala, terutamanya majalah Forbes, telah menunjuk kepada Fidel Castro, Setiausaha Agung Republik Cuba sejak tahun 1959, yang mungkin menjadi benefisiari sehingga $ 900 juta, berdasarkan \"kawalannya\" syarikat miliknya. Penentang rejimnya mendakwa bahawa dia telah menggunakan wang yang dikumpulkan melalui penjualan senjata, narkotik, pinjaman antarabangsa, dan rampasan harta persendirian untuk memperkayakan dirinya dan kroni politiknya yang memegang pemerintahan diktatornya, dan bahawa $ 900 juta yang diterbitkan oleh Forbes hanyalah sebahagian asetnya, walaupun itu perlu dibuktikan. <> Apa majalah mempunyai artikel mengenai Castro yang mendapat manfaat daripada rasuah? || Forbes <> The $ 900 juta Forbes berkata Castro mengambil hanya dengan jumlah asetnya? || bahagian <> Apakah gelaran rasmi Fidel Castro? || Setiausaha Agung Republik Cuba", {"qas": [{"question": "What magazine had articles about Castro benefiting from corruption?", "id": "56eab22e0030b61400a35041", "answers": [{"text": "Forbes", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The $900 million Forbes said Castro took may only be what of his total assets?", "id": "56eab22e0030b61400a35044", "answers": [{"text": "a portion", "answer_start": 565}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Fidel Castro's official title?", "id": "56eab22e0030b61400a35045", "answers": [{"text": "General Secretary of the Republic of Cuba", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "More recently, articles in various financial periodicals, most notably Forbes magazine, have pointed to Fidel Castro, General Secretary of the Republic of Cuba since 1959, of likely being the beneficiary of up to $900 million, based on \"his control\" of state-owned companies. Opponents of his regime claim that he has used money amassed through weapons sales, narcotics, international loans, and confiscation of private property to enrich himself and his political cronies who hold his dictatorship together, and that the $900 million published by Forbes is merely a portion of his assets, although that needs to be proven."}]], [["Semasa zaman pertengahan zaman dahulu, muzik vokal dari genre liturgi, bersorak didominasi Gregorian, adalah monophonik, menggunakan garis melodi vokal tunggal yang tidak disertakan. Genes vokal polifonik, yang menggunakan banyak melodi vokal independen, mulai berkembang pada era abad pertengahan yang tinggi, menjadi berleluasa oleh abad ke-13 dan awal abad ke-14. <> Genre apa yang dikatakan oleh kebanyakan Gregorian pada zaman pertengahan dahulu? || liturgical <> Genre apa yang menggunakan pelbagai melodi vokal bebas? || Genre vokal polifonik <> Bilakah genre vokal Polifonik mula berkembang? || semasa zaman pertengahan yang tinggi <> Apa perkataan bermakna menggunakan garis melodi vokal tunggal yang tidak disertakan? || monophonic", {"qas": [{"question": "What genre was predominately Gregorian chant during the earlier medieval period?", "id": "56f6f7043d8e2e1400e372f2", "answers": [{"text": "liturgical", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre uses multiple independent vocal melodies?", "id": "56f6f7043d8e2e1400e372f3", "answers": [{"text": "Polyphonic vocal genres", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Polyphonic vocal genre begin to develop?", "id": "56f6f7043d8e2e1400e372f4", "answers": [{"text": "during the high medieval era", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What word means using a single unaccompanied vocal melody line?", "id": "56f6f7043d8e2e1400e372f5", "answers": [{"text": "monophonic", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the earlier medieval period, the vocal music from the liturgical genre, predominantly Gregorian chant, was monophonic, using a single, unaccompanied vocal melody line. Polyphonic vocal genres, which used multiple independent vocal melodies, began to develop during the high medieval era, becoming prevalent by the later 13th and early 14th century."}], ["Banyak alat yang digunakan untuk membuat muzik zaman pertengahan masih wujud, tetapi dalam bentuk yang berbeza. Instrumen zaman pertengahan termasuk seruling kayu (yang pada abad ke 21 dibuat dari logam), perekam dan mengeluarkan instrumen rentetan seperti seruling. Begitu juga, versi awal organ, biola (atau vielle), dan trombone (dipanggil celaka) wujud. Instrumen zaman pertengahan di Eropah paling sering digunakan secara bersendirian, sering diri disertai dengan nota drone, atau kadang-kadang di bahagian. Dari sekurang-kurangnya seawal abad ke-13 menjelang abad ke-15 terdapat pembahagian instrumen menjadi haut (bunyi keras, instrumen luaran, luaran) dan bas (instrumen yang lebih senyap, lebih intim). <> Apa seruling zaman pertengahan dibuat? || kayu <> Apakah versi awal biola dipanggil? || vielle <> Apakah versi awal trombone dipanggil? || sackbut <> Alat abad pertengahan di Eropah biasanya digunakan bagaimana? || secara bersendirian <> Kuat, tajam, dan instrumen luaran disebut sebagai 'haut', sementara instrumen yang lebih intim, lebih intim disebut sebagai apa? || bas", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the medieval flute made from?", "id": "56f6f5e1711bf01900a44898", "answers": [{"text": "wood", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was an early version of the fiddle called?", "id": "56f6f5e1711bf01900a44899", "answers": [{"text": "vielle", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was an early version of the trombone called? ", "id": "56f6f5e1711bf01900a4489a", "answers": [{"text": "sackbut", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Medieval instrument in Europe were commonly used how?", "id": "56f6f5e1711bf01900a4489b", "answers": [{"text": "singly", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Loud, shrill, and outdoor instruments were referred to as 'haut', while quieter, more intimate instruments were referred to as what?", "id": "56f6f5e1711bf01900a4489c", "answers": [{"text": "bas", "answer_start": 632}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many of the instruments used to perform medieval music still exist, but in different forms. Medieval instruments included the wood flute (which in the 21st century is made of metal), the recorder and plucked string instruments like the lute. As well, early versions of the organ, fiddle (or vielle), and trombone (called the sackbut) existed. Medieval instruments in Europe had most commonly been used singly, often self accompanied with a drone note, or occasionally in parts. From at least as early as the 13th century through the 15th century there was a division of instruments into haut (loud, shrill, outdoor instruments) and bas (quieter, more intimate instruments)."}], ["Istilah \"muzik klasik\" tidak muncul sehingga awal abad ke-19, dalam percubaan untuk mengkonalisasikan masa yang jelas dari Johann Sebastian Bach ke Beethoven sebagai zaman keemasan. Rujukan terawal kepada \"muzik klasik\" yang direkam oleh Oxford English Dictionary adalah dari sekitar 1836. <> Bilakah istilah \"muzik klasik\" muncul? || awal abad ke-19 <> Tempoh apa yang disebut sebagai \"zaman kegemilangan\"? || tempoh dari Johann Sebastian Bach ke Beethoven <> Berapa tahun adalah rujukan paling awal kepada 'muzik klasik'? || 1836 <> Buku apa yang memegang rujukan terawal kepada 'muzik klasik'? || Kamus Bahasa Inggeris Oxford <> Apa istilah tidak muncul sehingga awal abad ke-19? || muzik klasik <> Apa usia 'ialah tempoh dari Johann Sebastian Bach ke Beethoven dirujuk sebagai? || zaman kegemilangan <> Tahun berapa adalah rujukan terawal kepada muzik klasik? || 1836 <> Dalam buku apakah yang merupakan rujukan terawal kepada muzik klasik? || Kamus Bahasa Inggeris Oxford", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the term \"classical music\" appear? ", "id": "56f6e9dd711bf01900a44862", "answers": [{"text": "the early 19th century", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What period is referred to as a \"golden age\"?", "id": "56f6e9dd711bf01900a44863", "answers": [{"text": "the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year is the earliest reference to 'classical music'?", "id": "56f6e9dd711bf01900a44864", "answers": [{"text": "1836", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What book holds the earliest reference to 'classical music'?", "id": "56f6e9dd711bf01900a44865", "answers": [{"text": "Oxford English Dictionary", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term did not appear until the early 19th century?", "id": "56f6ef2e3d8e2e1400e372be", "answers": [{"text": "classical music", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What 'age' is the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven referred to as?", "id": "56f6ef2e3d8e2e1400e372bf", "answers": [{"text": "golden age", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the earliest reference to classical music?", "id": "56f6ef2e3d8e2e1400e372c0", "answers": [{"text": "1836", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what book was the earliest reference to classical music?", "id": "56f6ef2e3d8e2e1400e372c1", "answers": [{"text": "Oxford English Dictionary", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The term \"classical music\" did not appear until the early 19th century, in an attempt to distinctly canonize the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven as a golden age. The earliest reference to \"classical music\" recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary is from about 1836."}], ["Yang mengatakan, skor tidak memberikan arahan lengkap dan tepat mengenai bagaimana untuk melakukan kerja bersejarah. Walaupun tempo ditulis dengan arahan bahasa Itali (mis., Allegro), kami tidak tahu dengan tepat betapa pantas potongan itu harus dimainkan. Selain itu, dalam era Baroque, banyak karya yang direka untuk iringan basso tetap tidak menentukan instrumen mana yang harus dimainkan iringan atau bagaimana instrumen chordal (harpsichord, lute, dan sebagainya) harus memainkan akord, yang tidak disebutkan dalam bahagian (hanya simbol bass yang digambarkan di bawah bahagian bass digunakan untuk membimbing pemain bermain kord). Pelakon dan / atau konduktor mempunyai pelbagai pilihan untuk ekspresi muzik dan penafsiran sekeping skor, termasuk ungkapan melodi, masa yang diambil semasa fermatas (nota) atau jeda, dan penggunaan (atau pilihan untuk tidak menggunakan) kesan seperti vibrato atau glissando (kesan-kesan ini boleh didapati pada pelbagai alat muzik bertali, tembaga dan kayu dan dengan suara manusia). <> Skor tidak memberikan arahan lengkap dan tepat tentang cara untuk melakukan apa? || melakukan kerja bersejarah <> Dalam era apa banyak karya yang direka untuk iringan basso continuo? || era Baroque <> Vibrato dan glissando adalah mungkin pada stringed, kuningan, kayu dan apa gaya gaya lain? || suara manusia <> Apakah fermatas? || memegang nota", {"qas": [{"question": "The score does not provide complete and exact instruction on how to do what?", "id": "56f6f24c711bf01900a44886", "answers": [{"text": "perform a historical work", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what era were many works designed for basso continuo accompaniment? ", "id": "56f6f24c711bf01900a44887", "answers": [{"text": "the Baroque era", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Vibrato and glissando are possible on stringed, brass, woodwind and what other style instrument?", "id": "56f6f24c711bf01900a44888", "answers": [{"text": "the human voice", "answer_start": 990}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are fermatas?", "id": "56f6f24c711bf01900a44889", "answers": [{"text": "held notes", "answer_start": 803}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "That said, the score does not provide complete and exact instructions on how to perform a historical work. Even if the tempo is written with an Italian instruction (e.g., Allegro), we do not know exactly how fast the piece should be played. As well, in the Baroque era, many works that were designed for basso continuo accompaniment do not specify which instruments should play the accompaniment or exactly how the chordal instrument (harpsichord, lute, etc.) should play the chords, which are not notated in the part (only a figured bass symbol beneath the bass part is used to guide the chord-playing performer). The performer and/or the conductor have a range of options for musical expression and interpretation of a scored piece, including the phrasing of melodies, the time taken during fermatas (held notes) or pauses, and the use (or choice not to use) of effects such as vibrato or glissando (these effects are possible on various stringed, brass and woodwind instruments and with the human voice)."}], ["Ciri-ciri utama muzik klasik yang membezakannya dari muzik popular dan muzik rakyat adalah bahawa himpunan cenderung ditulis dalam notasi muzik, mewujudkan bahagian muzik atau skor. Skor ini biasanya menentukan butiran irama, padang, dan, di mana dua atau lebih pemuzik (sama ada penyanyi atau instrumentalis) yang terlibat, bagaimana pelbagai bahagian diselaraskan. Kualiti bertulis muzik telah membolehkan tahap kerumitan yang tinggi di dalamnya: J.S. Misalnya, fugues Bach, mencapai perkahwinan yang luar biasa dengan garis melodik berani yang tersendiri yang ditenun di counterpoint namun mencipta logik harmonis yang koheren yang tidak mungkin dalam panas improvisasi hidup. Penggunaan notasi bertulis juga mengekalkan rekod karya dan membolehkan pemuzik klasik melakukan muzik dari berabad-abad yang lalu. Notasi muzik membolehkan penghibur era 2000 untuk menyanyi karya karier dari era 1300-an Renaissance atau konser Baroque 1700-an dengan banyak ciri-ciri muzik (melodi, lirik, bentuk, dan irama) yang diterbitkan semula. <> J.S. Keberanian Bach mencipta logik harmonis yang koheren yang tidak mungkin untuk apa gaya muzik lain? || live improvisasi <> Skor menentukan bagaimana pelbagai bahagian diselaraskan, padang, dan apa lagi butiran lain? || irama <> Apa yang telah membolehkan para pemuzik Klasik melakukan muzik dari berabad-abad yang lalu? || notasi bertulis <> Siapa yang fugues mencapai perkahwinan yang luar biasa dengan garis melodik yang tersendiri? || J.S. Bach's", {"qas": [{"question": "J.S. Bach's fugues create a coherent harmonic logic that would be impossible for what other style of music?", "id": "56f6f1073d8e2e1400e372ce", "answers": [{"text": "live improvisation", "answer_start": 671}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The score determines how various parts are coordinated, pitch, and what other detail?", "id": "56f6f1073d8e2e1400e372cf", "answers": [{"text": "rhythm", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has allowed Classical musicians to perform music from many centuries ago?", "id": "56f6f1073d8e2e1400e372d0", "answers": [{"text": "written notation", "answer_start": 702}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who's fugues achieve a remarkable marriage of boldly distinctive melodic lines?", "id": "56f6f1073d8e2e1400e372d1", "answers": [{"text": "J.S. Bach's", "answer_start": 468}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The key characteristic of classical music that distinguishes it from popular music and folk music is that the repertoire tends to be written down in musical notation, creating a musical part or score. This score typically determines details of rhythm, pitch, and, where two or more musicians (whether singers or instrumentalists) are involved, how the various parts are coordinated. The written quality of the music has enabled a high level of complexity within them: J.S. Bach's fugues, for instance, achieve a remarkable marriage of boldly distinctive melodic lines weaving in counterpoint yet creating a coherent harmonic logic that would be impossible in the heat of live improvisation. The use of written notation also preserves a record of the works and enables Classical musicians to perform music from many centuries ago. Musical notation enables 2000s-era performers to sing a choral work from the 1300s Renaissance era or a 1700s Baroque concerto with many of the features of the music (the melodies, lyrics, forms, and rhythms) being reproduced."}], ["Walaupun muzik klasik pada tahun 2000 telah kehilangan sebahagian besar tradisi untuk penambahbaikan muzik, dari era Baroque hingga era Romantis, terdapat contoh penghibur yang dapat meniru gaya era mereka. Di era Baroque, para penari organ akan menaik taraf preludes, penampil papan kekunci yang bermain harpsichord akan menaik taraf chord dari simbol bass terkenal di bawah nota bass basso continuo bahagian dan kedua-dua penyanyi vokal dan instrumental akan menambah perhiasan muzik. J.S. Bach amat terkenal kerana penambahbaikan kompleksnya. Semasa era Klasik, komposer-pelukis Mozart terkenal kerana keupayaannya untuk menaik taraf melodi dalam gaya yang berbeza. Semasa era Klasik, sesetengah pemain solo virtuoso akan menambah baik bahagian cadenza konserto. Semasa era Romantik, Beethoven akan membuat persembahan di piano. Untuk maklumat lanjut, lihat Improvisation. <> Muzik klasik pada tahun 2000 telah kehilangan sebahagian besar tradisi untuk muzik apa? || penambahbaikan <> Dalam era Baroque, siapa yang akan menaik taraf preludes? || pengarang organ <> Siapa yang akan menaik taraf perhiasan muzik di era Baroque? || penghibur instrumental <> Siapa yang terkenal dengan penambahbaikan kompleksnya? || J.S. Bach <> Apa itu Mozart? || keupayaannya untuk membuat improvisasi melodi dalam gaya yang berbeza", {"qas": [{"question": "Classical music in the 2000s has lost most of its tradition for musical what?", "id": "56f6f3343d8e2e1400e372d6", "answers": [{"text": "improvisation", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the Baroque era, who would improvise preludes?", "id": "56f6f3343d8e2e1400e372d7", "answers": [{"text": "organ performers", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who would improvise musical ornaments in the Baroque era?", "id": "56f6f3343d8e2e1400e372d8", "answers": [{"text": "instrumental performers", "answer_start": 443}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was noted for his complex improvisations?", "id": "56f6f3343d8e2e1400e372d9", "answers": [{"text": "J.S. Bach", "answer_start": 502}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Mozart noted for?", "id": "56f6f3343d8e2e1400e372da", "answers": [{"text": "his ability to improvise melodies in different styles", "answer_start": 637}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although Classical music in the 2000s has lost most of its tradition for musical improvisation, from the Baroque era to the Romantic era, there are examples of performers who could improvise in the style of their era. In the Baroque era, organ performers would improvise preludes, keyboard performers playing harpsichord would improvise chords from the figured bass symbols beneath the bass notes of the basso continuo part and both vocal and instrumental performers would improvise musical ornaments. J.S. Bach was particularly noted for his complex improvisations. During the Classical era, the composer-performer Mozart was noted for his ability to improvise melodies in different styles. During the Classical era, some virtuoso soloists would improvise the cadenza sections of a concerto. During the Romantic era, Beethoven would improvise at the piano. For more information, see Improvisation."}], ["Instrumen yang digunakan pada kebanyakan muzik klasik kebanyakan dicipta sebelum pertengahan abad ke-19 (sering lebih awal) dan dikodkan pada abad ke-18 dan ke-19. Mereka terdiri daripada instrumen yang terdapat dalam orkestra atau dalam kumpulan konsert, bersama dengan beberapa instrumen solo lain (seperti piano, harpsichord, dan organ). Orkestra simfoni adalah medium paling terkenal untuk muzik klasik dan termasuk ahli-ahli tali, kayu, tembaga, dan perkusi keluarga alat. Band konsert terdiri daripada ahli-ahli woodwind, tembaga, dan perkusi keluarga. Ia umumnya mempunyai pelbagai dan jumlah instrumen kayu dan tembaga yang lebih besar daripada orkestra tetapi tidak mempunyai bahagian rentetan. Walau bagaimanapun, banyak kumpulan konsert menggunakan bass double. Amalan vokal berubah banyak dalam tempoh klasik, dari lagu monophonik Gregorian yang dilakukan oleh para biarawan pada zaman Abad ke kompleks, karya-karya kosa kata polifonik Renaisans dan tempoh berikutnya, yang menggunakan banyak melodi suara vokal pada masa yang sama . <> Alat yang digunakan pada kebanyakan muzik klasik yang dicipta sebelum tempoh apa? || pertengahan abad ke-19 <> Apakah medium paling popular untuk muzik klasik? || Orkestra simfoni <> A orkestra simfoni merangkumi ahli-ahli tali, kayu, perkusi dan keluarga alat lain? || tembaga <> Apakah orkestra simfoni mempunyai yang hilang dari kumpulan konsert? || seksyen rentetan <> Amalan apa yang telah berubah banyak dalam tempoh klasik? || vokal", {"qas": [{"question": "Instrument currently used in most classical music where invented before what period?", "id": "56f6f4703d8e2e1400e372e0", "answers": [{"text": "the mid-19th century", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the most widely known medium for classical music?", "id": "56f6f4703d8e2e1400e372e1", "answers": [{"text": "The symphony orchestra", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A symphony orchestra includes members of the string, woodwind, percussion and what other family of instruments?", "id": "56f6f4703d8e2e1400e372e2", "answers": [{"text": "brass", "answer_start": 458}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does a symphony orchestra have that is missing from a concert band?", "id": "56f6f4703d8e2e1400e372e3", "answers": [{"text": "a string section", "answer_start": 707}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What practice has changed a great deal over the classical period?", "id": "56f6f4703d8e2e1400e372e4", "answers": [{"text": "vocal", "answer_start": 776}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The instruments currently used in most classical music were largely invented before the mid-19th century (often much earlier) and codified in the 18th and 19th centuries. They consist of the instruments found in an orchestra or in a concert band, together with several other solo instruments (such as the piano, harpsichord, and organ). The symphony orchestra is the most widely known medium for classical music and includes members of the string, woodwind, brass, and percussion families of instruments. The concert band consists of members of the woodwind, brass, and percussion families. It generally has a larger variety and amount of woodwind and brass instruments than the orchestra but does not have a string section. However, many concert bands use a double bass. The vocal practices changed a great deal over the classical period, from the single line monophonic Gregorian chant done by monks in the Medieval period to the complex, polyphonic choral works of the Renaissance and subsequent periods, which used multiple independent vocal melodies at the same time."}], ["Memandangkan pelbagai gaya dalam muzik klasik, dari zaman purba Medieval dinyanyikan oleh para bhikkhu kepada simfoni klasik dan Romantik untuk orkestra dari 1700-an dan 1800-an untuk komposisi atonal avant-garde untuk piano solo dari tahun 1900-an, sukar untuk menyenaraikan ciri-ciri yang boleh dikaitkan dengan semua karya jenis itu. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat ciri-ciri bahawa muzik klasik mengandungi sedikit atau tidak genre muzik lain yang mengandungi, seperti penggunaan skor dicetak dan prestasi kerja instrumental yang sangat kompleks (mis., Fugue). Begitu juga, walaupun simfoni tidak wujud melalui keseluruhan zaman muzik klasik, dari pertengahan 1700-an hingga 2000-an ensemble ensemble - dan karya-karya yang ditulis untuknya-telah menjadi ciri yang mendefinisikan muzik klasik. <> Siapa yang menyanyikan parsial Medieval? || biarawan <> Avant-garde komposisi atonal ditulis untuk instrumen apa? || piano solo <> Apa dua ciri-ciri muzik klasik tidak boleh dikaitkan dengan genre lain? || penggunaan skor dicetak dan prestasi kerja instrumental yang sangat kompleks <> Melalui tempoh apa yang tidak ada simfoni? || seluruh zaman muzik klasik <> Apa yang telah menjadi ciri mendefinisikan muzik klasik? || ensemble simbol <> Apa yang tidak wujud melalui keseluruhan tempoh muzik klasik? || simfoni <> Penggunaan skor dicetak dan prestasi kerja instrumental yang sangat kompleks adalah ciri-ciri apa? || muzik klasik <> Siapa yang melayan pesawah zaman pertengahan? || sami", {"qas": [{"question": "Who sang Medieval plainchant?", "id": "56f6ebb4711bf01900a4486a", "answers": [{"text": "monks", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Avant-garde atonal compositions were written for what instrument?", "id": "56f6ebb4711bf01900a4486b", "answers": [{"text": "solo piano", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two characteristics of classical music can not be attributed to other genres?", "id": "56f6ebb4711bf01900a4486c", "answers": [{"text": "use of a printed score and the performance of very complex instrumental works", "answer_start": 445}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Through what period did the symphony not exist?", "id": "56f6ebb4711bf01900a4486d", "answers": [{"text": "the entire classical music period", "answer_start": 595}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has become a defining feature of classical music?", "id": "56f6ebb4711bf01900a4486e", "answers": [{"text": "the symphony ensemble", "answer_start": 662}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did not exist through the entire classical music period?", "id": "56f6eff93d8e2e1400e372c6", "answers": [{"text": "the symphony", "answer_start": 560}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The use of a printed score and the performance of very complex instrumental works are characteristics of what?", "id": "56f6eff93d8e2e1400e372c8", "answers": [{"text": "classical music", "answer_start": 362}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who sang medieval plainchant?", "id": "56f6eff93d8e2e1400e372c9", "answers": [{"text": "monks", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Given the wide range of styles in classical music, from Medieval plainchant sung by monks to Classical and Romantic symphonies for orchestra from the 1700s and 1800s to avant-garde atonal compositions for solo piano from the 1900s, it is difficult to list characteristics that can be attributed to all works of that type. However, there are characteristics that classical music contains that few or no other genres of music contain, such as the use of a printed score and the performance of very complex instrumental works (e.g., the fugue). As well, although the symphony did not exist through the entire classical music period, from the mid-1700s to the 2000s the symphony ensemble\u2014and the works written for it\u2014have become a defining feature of classical music."}], ["Muzik klasik adalah muzik seni yang dihasilkan atau berakar dalam tradisi muzik Barat, termasuk kedua-dua liturgi (agama) dan muzik sekular. Walaupun istilah yang sama juga digunakan untuk merujuk kepada tempoh dari 1750 hingga 1820 (tempoh Klasik), artikel ini adalah mengenai jangka masa yang luas dari kira-kira abad ke-11 hingga hari ini, yang merangkumi tempoh Klasik dan pelbagai tempoh lain . Norma utama tradisi ini menjadi kodifikasi antara 1550 dan 1900, yang dikenali sebagai tempoh amalan biasa. Pembahagian masa utama muzik klasik adalah seperti berikut: tempoh muzik awal, termasuk zaman pertengahan (500-1400) dan zaman Renaisans (1400-1600); Tempoh amalan biasa, termasuk Baroque (1600-1750), Klasik (1750-1820), dan zaman Romantik (1804-1910); dan abad ke-20 (1901-2000) yang merangkumi moden (1890-1930) yang bertindih dari abad ke-19, zaman moden (pertengahan abad ke-20) yang tinggi, dan era kontemporari atau postmodern (1975-2015). diperlukan] <> Istilah apa yang digunakan untuk merujuk kepada tempoh 1750 hingga 1820? || Tempoh Klasik <> Berapa tahun yang disebut zaman Renaisans? || 1400-1600 <> Berapa tahun yang dipanggil tempoh Baroque? || 1600-1750 <> Dari 1804-1910 dipanggil era apa? || Romantik <> Muzik klasik berakar dalam apa jenis tradisi? || Muzik barat <> Muzik klasik mengakar tradisi muzik macam mana? || Western <> Apa tempoh dari 1750 hingga 1820 dipanggil? || tempoh Klasik <> Tempoh masa apa yang diketahui pada tempoh amalan biasa? || antara 1550 dan 1900 <> Kapan zaman moden? || 1890-1930", {"qas": [{"question": "What term is used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820?", "id": "56f6e729711bf01900a44858", "answers": [{"text": "the Classical period", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What years are termed the Renaissance period?", "id": "56f6e729711bf01900a44859", "answers": [{"text": "1400\u20131600", "answer_start": 663}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What years are termed the Baroque period? ", "id": "56f6e729711bf01900a4485a", "answers": [{"text": "1600\u20131750", "answer_start": 736}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From 1804-1910 was called what era?", "id": "56f6e729711bf01900a4485b", "answers": [{"text": "Romantic", "answer_start": 775}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Classical music is rooted in what kind of tradition? ", "id": "56f6e729711bf01900a4485c", "answers": [{"text": "Western music", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Classical music is rooted the the traditions of what kind of music?", "id": "56f6ed94711bf01900a44874", "answers": [{"text": "Western", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the period from 1750 to 1820 called?", "id": "56f6ed94711bf01900a44875", "answers": [{"text": "the Classical period", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What time period is known at the common practice period?", "id": "56f6ed94711bf01900a44876", "answers": [{"text": "between 1550 and 1900", "answer_start": 450}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the modern era?", "id": "56f6ed94711bf01900a44878", "answers": [{"text": "1890\u20131930", "answer_start": 862}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western music, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music. While a similar term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from roughly the 11th century to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods. The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common practice period. The major time divisions of classical music are as follows: the early music period, which includes the Medieval (500\u20131400) and the Renaissance (1400\u20131600) eras; the Common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600\u20131750), Classical (1750\u20131820), and Romantic eras (1804\u20131910); and the 20th century (1901\u20132000) which includes the modern (1890\u20131930) that overlaps from the late 19th-century, the high modern (mid 20th-century), and contemporary or postmodern (1975\u20132015) eras.[citation needed]"}], ["Muzik seni Eropah sebahagian besarnya dibezakan dari banyak bentuk bukan muzik Eropah lain dan popular oleh sistem notasi kakitangannya, yang digunakan sejak sekitar abad ke-16. Notasi kakitangan Barat digunakan oleh para komposer untuk menetapkan kepada pelukis padang (mis., Melodi, bassline dan / atau chord), tempo, meter dan irama untuk sekeping muzik. Ini tidak memberi ruang untuk amalan seperti penambahbaikan dan perhiasan libitum iklan, yang sering didengar dalam muzik seni bukan Eropah dan dalam gaya muzik popular seperti jazz dan blues. Satu lagi perbezaan ialah manakala gaya yang paling popular meminjamkan diri kepada bentuk lagu, muzik klasik telah diperhatikan kerana perkembangannya dalam bentuk muzik instrumental yang sangat canggih seperti konserto, simfoni, sonata, dan gaya vokal dan instrumental campuran seperti opera yang, kerana ia ditulis, dapat mencapai tahap kerumitan yang tinggi. <> Bagaimana muzik seni Eropah dibezakan daripada muzik bukan Eropah dan popular? || sistem notasi kakitangannya <> Apa kaedah yang digunakan oleh komposer untuk menetapkan kepada pelawat padang, tempo, meter dan irama untuk sekeping muzik? || Western staff notation <> Apakah gaya popular yang berlatih dengan penambahbaikan dan perhiasan libitum iklan? || jazz dan blues <> Sejak ditulis, muzik klasik dapat mencapai tahap yang tinggi? || kerumitan <> Bagaimana muzik seni Eropah dibezakan dari banyak bentuk muzik lain? || sistem notasi kakitangannya <> Berapa lama sistem notasi kakitangan telah digunakan? || sejak kira-kira abad ke-16 <> Jazz dan blues menggunakan iklan libitum dan apa perhiasan lain? || penambahbaikan Muzik klasik boleh mencapai tahap yang tinggi? || kerumitan", {"qas": [{"question": "How is European art music distinguished from non-European and popular music?", "id": "56f6e85b3d8e2e1400e372ac", "answers": [{"text": "its system of staff notation", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What method is used by composers to prescribe to the performer the pitches, tempo, meter and rhythms for a piece of music?", "id": "56f6e85b3d8e2e1400e372ad", "answers": [{"text": "Western staff notation", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What popular styles practice improvisation and ad libitum ornamentation?", "id": "56f6e85b3d8e2e1400e372ae", "answers": [{"text": "jazz and blues", "answer_start": 523}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Since it is written down, classical music can attain a high level of what? ", "id": "56f6e85b3d8e2e1400e372af", "answers": [{"text": "complexity", "answer_start": 888}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is European art music distinguished from many other musical forms?", "id": "56f6ee72711bf01900a4487e", "answers": [{"text": "its system of staff notation", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long has the system of staff notation been in use?", "id": "56f6ee72711bf01900a4487f", "answers": [{"text": "since about the 16th century", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Jazz and blues use ad libitum and what other ornamentation? ", "id": "56f6ee72711bf01900a44880", "answers": [{"text": "improvisation", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Classic music can a attain a high level of what?", "id": "56f6ee72711bf01900a44881", "answers": [{"text": "complexity", "answer_start": 888}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European and popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 16th century. Western staff notation is used by composers to prescribe to the performer the pitches (e.g., melodies, basslines and/or chords), tempo, meter and rhythms for a piece of music. This leaves less room for practices such as improvisation and ad libitum ornamentation, which are frequently heard in non-European art music and in popular music  styles such as jazz and blues. Another difference is that whereas most popular styles lend themselves to the song form, classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music such as the concerto, symphony, sonata, and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera which, since they are written down, can attain a high level of complexity."}], ["Istilah \"muzik klasik\" mempunyai dua makna: makna yang lebih luas mencakup semua seni seni Barat dari zaman Abad Pertengahan hingga hari ini, dan makna khusus merujuk kepada muzik dari 1750-an hingga awal tahun 1830-era Mozart dan Haydn. Bahagian ini adalah mengenai makna yang lebih spesifik. <> Dari tahun 1750-an hingga awal tahun 1830-an adalah era Mozart dan apa lagi komposer yang lain? || Haydn <> Muzik klasik boleh berarti semua seni seni Barat atau lebih khusus dari tahun 1750 hingga ke mana? || awal tahun 1830-an Maksud luas muzik klasik menghulurkan dari hari ini ke era apa? || era zaman pertengahan", {"qas": [{"question": "From the 1750's to the early 1830's is the era of Mozart and what other composer?", "id": "56f6fc16711bf01900a448ce", "answers": [{"text": "Haydn", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Classical music can mean all Western art music or more specifically from the 1750's to when?", "id": "56f6fc16711bf01900a448cf", "answers": [{"text": "the early 1830s", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The broad meaning of classical music stretches back from today to what era?", "id": "56f6fc16711bf01900a448d0", "answers": [{"text": "the Medieval era", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The term \"classical music\" has two meanings: the broader meaning includes all Western art music from the Medieval era to today, and the specific meaning refers to the music from the 1750s to the early 1830s\u2014the era of Mozart and Haydn. This section is about the more specific meaning."}], ["Banyak instrumen berasal semasa Renaissance; yang lain adalah variasi, atau peningkatan, instrumen yang telah wujud sebelum ini. Ada yang terselamat hingga hari ini; yang lain telah hilang, hanya untuk dicipta semula untuk melaksanakan muzik tempoh pada instrumen yang sahih. Seperti pada zaman moden, instrumen boleh diklasifikasikan sebagai tembaga, tali, perkusi, dan kayu. <> Banyak instrumen berasal dari zaman dahulu? || Renaissance <> Apa yang telah hilang, kemudian dicipta semula untuk mempersembahkan musik pada zaman itu? || instrumen tulen <> Alat hari moden boleh diklasifikasikan sebagai tembaga, tali, kayu dan apa klasifikasi lain? || perkusi", {"qas": [{"question": "Many instruments originated during what era?", "id": "56f6f7d73d8e2e1400e372fa", "answers": [{"text": "the Renaissance", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has disappeared, then been recreated in order to perform music of the period?", "id": "56f6f7d73d8e2e1400e372fb", "answers": [{"text": "authentic instruments", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Modern day instrument may be classified as brass, string, woodwind and what other classification?", "id": "56f6f7d73d8e2e1400e372fc", "answers": [{"text": "percussion", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many instruments originated during the Renaissance; others were variations of, or improvements upon, instruments that had existed previously. Some have survived to the present day; others have disappeared, only to be recreated in order to perform music of the period on authentic instruments. As in the modern day, instruments may be classified as brass, strings, percussion, and woodwind."}], ["Instrumen era klasik bertali adalah empat instrumen yang membentuk bahagian rentetan orkestra: biola, viola, cello dan contrabass. Woodwinds termasuk klarinet basset, tanduk basset, clarinette d'amour, Klarinet Klasik, chalumeau, seruling, oboe dan bassoon. Instrumen papan kekunci termasuk clavichord dan fortepiano. Walaupun harpsichord masih digunakan dalam iringan basso continuo pada tahun 1750-an dan 1760-an, ia tidak diguna pakai pada akhir abad ini. Instrumen tembaga termasuk buccin, ophicleide (pengganti ular yang merupakan pendahulunya tuba) dan tanduk semula jadi. <> Biola, cello, contrabass dan apa instrumen lain membentuk bahagian rentetan orkestra? || Viola <> Seruling, oboe dan bassoon semua apa jenis instrumen? || Woodwinds <> Alat apa yang tidak digunakan selepas tahun 1760-an? || harpsichord <> Apa instrumen adalah pelopor tuba? || ophicleide", {"qas": [{"question": "The violin, cello, contrabass and what other instrument form the string section of the orchestra?", "id": "56f6ff273d8e2e1400e3731a", "answers": [{"text": "viola", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The flute, oboe and bassoon are all what type of instrument?", "id": "56f6ff273d8e2e1400e3731b", "answers": [{"text": "Woodwinds", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What instrument fell out of use after the 1760s?", "id": "56f6ff273d8e2e1400e3731c", "answers": [{"text": "the harpsichord", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What instrument was the precursor of the tuba?", "id": "56f6ff273d8e2e1400e3731d", "answers": [{"text": "the ophicleide", "answer_start": 538}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Classical era stringed instruments were the four instruments which form the string section of the orchestra: the violin, viola, cello and contrabass. Woodwinds included the basset clarinet, basset horn, clarinette d'amour, the Classical clarinet, the chalumeau, the flute, oboe and bassoon. Keyboard instruments included the clavichord and the fortepiano. While the harpsichord was still used in basso continuo accompaniment in the 1750s and 1760s, it fell out of use in the end of the century. Brass instruments included the buccin, the ophicleide (a serpent replacement which was the precursor of tuba) and the natural horn."}], ["Pemuzik klasik terus menggunakan banyak instrumen dari era Baroque, seperti cello, contrabass, perekam, trombon, timpani, fortepiano dan organ. Walaupun sesetengah instrumen Baroque tidak diguna pakai (contohnya, theorbo dan rackett), banyak instrumen Baroque telah diubah menjadi versi yang masih digunakan hari ini, seperti biola Baroque (yang menjadi biola), oboe Baroque (yang menjadi oboe) dan sangkakala Baroque, yang beralih ke sangkakala valved biasa. <> Pemuzik klasik terus menggunakan banyak instrumen dari era apa? || Baroque <> Theorbo dan apa alat Baroque lain jatuh ke dalam penggunaan? || violet Baroque menjadi instrumen moden? || biola <> Apa sangkakala Baroque menjadi? || sangkakala valved biasa", {"qas": [{"question": "Classical musicians continued to use many instruments from what era?", "id": "56f6fe26711bf01900a448d4", "answers": [{"text": "Baroque", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The theorbo and what other Baroque instrument fell into disuse?", "id": "56f6fe26711bf01900a448d5", "answers": [{"text": "rackett", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Baroque violin became what modern instrument?", "id": "56f6fe26711bf01900a448d6", "answers": [{"text": "the violin", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Baroque trumpet become?", "id": "56f6fe26711bf01900a448d7", "answers": [{"text": "the regular valved trumpet", "answer_start": 469}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Classical musicians continued to use many of instruments from the Baroque era, such as the cello, contrabass, recorder, trombone, timpani, fortepiano and organ. While some Baroque instruments fell into disuse (e.g., the theorbo and rackett), many Baroque instruments were changed into the versions that are still in use today, such as the Baroque violin (which became the violin), the Baroque oboe (which became the oboe) and the Baroque trumpet, which transitioned to the regular valved trumpet."}], ["Satu perbezaan utama antara muzik Baroque dan era klasik yang mengikutinya ialah jenis instrumen yang digunakan dalam ensembles adalah kurang standard. Sementara kuartet rentetan era klasik terdiri hampir dua ekor biola, viola dan cello, kumpulan Baroque yang mengiringi seorang solo atau opera boleh memasukkan salah satu daripada beberapa jenis instrumen keyboard (contohnya, organ paip, harpsichord, atau clavichord), tambahan instrumen chordal bertajuk (contohnya, seruling) dan bilangan instrumen bass yang tidak jelas yang membuat bassline continuo bass, termasuk rentetan tengkuk, kayu angin dan instrumen tembaga (cello, contrabass, violon, bassoon, ular, dan sebagainya). <> Apa yang kurang diselaraskan semasa era Baroque? || jenis instrumen yang digunakan dalam ensembles <> Dua biola, viola, dan cello membentuk jenis kumpulan apa? || sebuah kuartet rentetan era klasik <> Instrumen papan kekunci termasuk organ pip, harpsichord dan apa instrumen lain? || clavichord <> Apa contoh instrumen chordal bertali sepanjang tempoh Baroque? || sebuah kecapi", {"qas": [{"question": "What was less standardized during the Baroque era?", "id": "56f6fb773d8e2e1400e37308", "answers": [{"text": "the types of instruments used in ensembles", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Two violins, a viola, and a cello make up what type of group?", "id": "56f6fb773d8e2e1400e37309", "answers": [{"text": "a classical era string quartet", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Keyboard instruments included the pip organ, harpsichord and what other instrument?", "id": "56f6fb773d8e2e1400e3730a", "answers": [{"text": "clavichord", "answer_start": 418}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of a stringed chordal instrument during the Baroque period?", "id": "56f6fb773d8e2e1400e3730b", "answers": [{"text": "a lute", "answer_start": 478}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One major difference between Baroque music and the classical era that followed it is that the types of instruments used in ensembles were much less standardized. Whereas a classical era string quartet consists almost exclusively of two violins, a viola and a cello, a Baroque group accompanying a soloist or opera could include one of several different types of keyboard instruments (e.g., pipe organ, harpsichord, or clavichord), additional stringed chordal instruments (e.g., a lute) and an unspecified number of bass instruments performing the basso continuo bassline, including bowed strings, woodwinds and brass instruments (e.g., a cello, contrabass, viol, bassoon, serpent, etc.)."}], ["Muzik Vokal dalam Renaissance terkenal dengan perkembangan gaya polifonik yang semakin rumit. Bentuk-bentuk liturgi utama yang berlangsung sepanjang zaman Renaissance adalah massa dan motet, dengan beberapa perkembangan lain menjelang akhir, terutamanya sebagai komposer muzik suci mula menggunakan bentuk sekular (seperti madrigal) untuk reka bentuk mereka sendiri. Menjelang akhir tempoh, prekursor awal drama dramatik seperti monod, komedi madrigal, dan intermedio dilihat. <> Muzik Vokal dalam Renaissance terkenal kerana semakin rumit apa? || gaya polifonik <> Apa bentuk liturgi selain motors yang telah dialami sepanjang zaman Renaisans? || orang ramai <> Monody, komedi madrigal, dan intermedio adalah semua pelopor untuk apa? || opera", {"qas": [{"question": "Vocal music in the Renaissance is noted for an increasingly elaborate what?", "id": "56f6f981711bf01900a448ac", "answers": [{"text": "polyphonic style", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What liturgical form besides motets endured throughout the entire Renaissance period?", "id": "56f6f981711bf01900a448ad", "answers": [{"text": "masses", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Monody, the madrigal comedy, and intermedio are all precursors to what?", "id": "56f6f981711bf01900a448ae", "answers": [{"text": "opera", "answer_start": 442}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Vocal music in the Renaissance is noted for the flourishing of an increasingly elaborate polyphonic style. The principal liturgical forms which endured throughout the entire Renaissance period were masses and motets, with some other developments towards the end, especially as composers of sacred music began to adopt secular forms (such as the madrigal) for their own designs. Towards the end of the period, the early dramatic precursors of opera such as monody, the madrigal comedy, and the intermedio are seen."}], ["Instrumen kuningan di Renaissance secara tradisinya dimainkan oleh ahli profesional yang merupakan ahli Persatuan dan mereka termasuk sangkakala slaid, kornet kayu, sangkakala kosong dan kura-kura. Instrumen yang dilengkapkan termasuk viol, harp seperti harpa, huru-hara, suling dan seruling. Instrumen papan kekunci dengan rentetan termasuk harpsichord dan perawan. Instrumen perkusi termasuk segitiga, harpa Yahudi, tamborin, loceng, pancing, dan pelbagai jenis gendang. Instrumen kayu termasuk tungku reed berganda, paip reed, bagpipe, seruling melintang dan perakam. <> Alat tembaga secara tradisional dimainkan oleh ahli-ahli kesatuan profesi semasa era apa? || The Renaissance <> Instrumen yang ditiadakan semasa zaman Renaissance termasuk viol, the lyre, the cintern, the lute and what other instrument? || the hurdy-gurdy <> The virginal adalah jenis instrumen apa? || Instrumen papan kekunci dengan rentetan <> Tambourine, loceng dan periuk bergemuruh adalah apa jenis instrumen? || Perkusi <> Tulang dan rekod reed adalah jenis instrumen apa? || Woodwind", {"qas": [{"question": "Brass instruments were traditionally played by profession guild members during what era?", "id": "56f6f8cd711bf01900a448a2", "answers": [{"text": "the Renaissance", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Stringed instruments during the Renaissance included the viol, the lyre, the cittern, the lute and what other instrument?", "id": "56f6f8cd711bf01900a448a3", "answers": [{"text": "the hurdy-gurdy", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The virginal is what type of instrument?", "id": "56f6f8cd711bf01900a448a4", "answers": [{"text": "Keyboard instruments with strings", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The tambourine, bells and rumble-pot are all what type of instrument?", "id": "56f6f8cd711bf01900a448a5", "answers": [{"text": "Percussion", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The reed pipe and recorder are what type of instrument?", "id": "56f6f8cd711bf01900a448a6", "answers": [{"text": "Woodwind", "answer_start": 514}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Brass instruments in the Renaissance were traditionally played by professionals who were members of Guilds and they included the slide trumpet, the wooden cornet, the valveless trumpet and the sackbut. Stringed instruments included the viol, the harp-like lyre, the hurdy-gurdy, the cittern and the lute. Keyboard instruments with strings included the harpsichord and the virginal. Percussion instruments include the triangle, the Jew's harp, the tambourine, the bells, the rumble-pot, and various kinds of drums. Woodwind instruments included the double reed shawm, the reed pipe, the bagpipe, the transverse flute and the recorder."}], ["Dalam era Romantik, piano moden, dengan nada yang lebih kuat dan berterusan dan pelbagai yang lebih luas mengambil alih dari fortepiano yang lebih halus. Dalam orkestra, instrumen dan bahagian Klasik yang sedia ada disimpan (bahagian rentetan, kayu, tembaga dan perkusi), tetapi bahagian ini biasanya diperluaskan untuk membuat bunyi yang lebih besar dan lebih besar. Sebagai contoh, semasa orkestra Baroque mungkin mempunyai dua pemain bass double, orkestra Romantik boleh mempunyai sebanyak sepuluh. \"Sebagai muzik berkembang lebih ekspresif, palet orkestra standard hanya tidak cukup kaya untuk banyak komposer Romantik.\" Instrumen woodwind baru ditambah, seperti kontrabassoon, klarinet bass dan piccolo dan instrumen perkusi baru ditambah, termasuk xylophones, gendang, celestes (instrumen keyboard seperti loceng), kecapi orkestra besar, loceng, dan segitiga dan juga mesin angin untuk kesan bunyi. <> Alat apa yang dimainkan oleh piano moden dalam era Romantik? || fortepiano <> Berapa banyak pemain bass ganda biasanya digunakan dalam orkestra Baroque? || dua <> Apa yang tidak kaya untuk banyak komposer Romantik? || palet orkestra piawai <> Kelas-kelas klasik telah berkembang di era Romantik untuk apa yang lebih lengkap dan lebih besar? || bunyi <> Apakah celestes? || alat muzik seperti loceng", {"qas": [{"question": "What instrument did the modern piano take over for in the Romantic era?", "id": "56f7236e3d8e2e1400e37386", "answers": [{"text": "fortepiano", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many double bass players were typically used in the Baroque orchestra?", "id": "56f7236e3d8e2e1400e37387", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 406}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What wasn't rich enough for many Romantic composers?", "id": "56f7236e3d8e2e1400e37388", "answers": [{"text": "the standard orchestral palette", "answer_start": 511}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Classical sections were expanded in the Romantic era for a fuller and bigger what?", "id": "56f7236e3d8e2e1400e37389", "answers": [{"text": "sound", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a celestes?", "id": "56f7236e3d8e2e1400e3738a", "answers": [{"text": "a bell-like keyboard instrument", "answer_start": 770}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the Romantic era, the modern piano, with a more powerful, sustained tone and a wider range took over from the more delicate-sounding fortepiano. In the orchestra, the existing Classical instruments and sections were retained (string section, woodwinds, brass and percussion), but these sections were typically expanded to make a fuller, bigger sound. For example, while a Baroque orchestra may have had two double bass players, a Romantic orchestra could have as many as ten. \"As music grew more expressive, the standard orchestral palette just wasn't rich enough for many Romantic composers.\"  New woodwind instruments were added, such as the contrabassoon, bass clarinet and piccolo and new percussion instruments were added, including xylophones, drums, celestes (a bell-like keyboard instrument), large orchestral harps, bells, and triangles  and even wind machines for sound effects."}], ["Instrumen Baroque termasuk beberapa instrumen dari tempoh terdahulu (contohnya, jurulatih dan jurulatih) dan beberapa instrumen baru (contohnya, cello, contrabass dan fortepiano). Sesetengah instrumen dari zaman dahulu tidak dapat digunakan, seperti shawm dan cornet kayu. Instrumen Baroque utama untuk rentetan termasuk biola, violin, viola, viola d'amore, cello, contrabass, lute, theorbo (yang sering dimainkan basso bahagian continuo), mandolin, cittern, gitar Baroque, harpa dan tajam-gurdy. Woodwinds termasuk seruling Baroque, oboe Baroque, rackett, perakam dan bassoon. Instrumen kuningan termasuk kornet, tanduk semulajadi, sangkakala Baroque, ular dan trombon. Instrumen papan kekunci termasuk clavichord, piano tangen, fortepiano (versi awal piano), harpsichord dan organ pipa. Instrumen perkusi termasuk timpani, drum snare, tambourine dan castanet. <> Cello, contrabrass dan fortepiano adalah alat baru dalam apa tempoh? || Baroque <> Apa yang terjadi dengan bingkai kayu dan jagung kayu semasa tempoh Baroque? || jatuh ke dalam penggunaan <> timpani ans castanets adalah jenis instrumen apa? || Perkusi <> Ular adalah jenis instrumen apa? || Brass <> Alat tali mana yang sering memainkan bahagian continuo basso? || theorbo", {"qas": [{"question": "The cello, contrabrass and fortepiano were new instruments during what period?", "id": "56f6fa48711bf01900a448b2", "answers": [{"text": "Baroque", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened to the shawn and the wooden cornet during the Baroque period?", "id": "56f6fa48711bf01900a448b3", "answers": [{"text": "fell into disuse", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The timpani ans castanets are what type of instrument?", "id": "56f6fa48711bf01900a448b4", "answers": [{"text": "Percussion", "answer_start": 835}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The serpent is what type of instrument?", "id": "56f6fa48711bf01900a448b5", "answers": [{"text": "Brass", "answer_start": 593}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which string instrument often played the basso continuo parts?", "id": "56f6fa48711bf01900a448b6", "answers": [{"text": "theorbo", "answer_start": 394}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Baroque instruments included some instruments from the earlier periods (e.g., the hurdy-gurdy and recorder) and a number of new instruments (e.g, the cello, contrabass and fortepiano). Some instruments from previous eras fell into disuse, such as the shawm and the wooden cornet. The key Baroque instruments for strings included the violin, viol, viola, viola d'amore, cello, contrabass, lute, theorbo (which often played the basso continuo parts), mandolin, cittern, Baroque guitar, harp and hurdy-gurdy. Woodwinds included the Baroque flute, Baroque oboe, rackett, recorder and the bassoon. Brass instruments included the cornett, natural horn, Baroque trumpet, serpent and the trombone. Keyboard instruments included the clavichord, tangent piano, the fortepiano (an early version of the piano), the harpsichord and the pipe organ. Percussion instruments included the timpani, snare drum, tambourine and the castanets."}], ["\"Pelengkap standard\" angin berganda dan tembaga dalam orkestra dari separuh pertama abad ke 19 secara amnya dikaitkan dengan Beethoven. Pengecualian ini ialah Symphony No. 4, Violin Concerto, dan Piano Concerto No. 4, yang masing-masing menentukan seruling tunggal. Instrumentasi komposer biasanya termasuk seruling berpasangan, oboe, klarinet, bassoon, tanduk dan trompet. Beethoven dengan berhati-hati menghitung perkembangan \"palet\" timbral ini dalam Symphonies 3, 5, 6, dan 9 untuk kesan inovatif. Tanduk ketiga dalam Symphony \"Eroica\" tiba untuk memberikan bukan sahaja kelonggaran harmonik, tetapi juga kesan tembaga \"choral\" di Trio. Piccolo, contrabassoon, dan trombone menambah ke final kemenangan Symphony No. 5. Piccolo dan sepasang trombone membantu menyampaikan \"ribut\" dan \"sinar matahari\" di Keenam. Kesembilan meminta sepasang tanduk kedua, atas alasan yang serupa dengan \"Eroica\" (empat tanduk telah menjadi standard); Penggunaan piccolo, contrabassoon, trombone, dan pertussion-plus chorus dan solois bersuara-dalam penamatnya, adalah saranannya yang paling awal bahawa batas sempadan simfoni perlu diperluaskan. Selama beberapa dekad selepas dia meninggal, instrumentasi simfonik adalah setia kepada model Beethoven yang mantap, dengan beberapa pengecualian. <> Kepada siapa yang \"pelengkap standard\" dikaitkan dengan? || Beethoven <> Polocc, contrabassoon, dan trombon menambah kepada final kejayaan apa bahagian oleh Beethoven? || Symphony No. 5 <> Berapa lamakah alat simfoni setia kepada Beethoven selepas dia meninggal? || beberapa dekad <> Apa yang dilakukan Beethoven dalam Symphony, 3, 5, 6 dan 9? || timbral \"palette\" <> Piccolo dan trombone menyediakan ilusi badai dan apa yang ada di Symphony Keenam Beethoven? || cahaya matahari", {"qas": [{"question": "To whom is the \"standard complement\" attributed to?", "id": "56f7227a711bf01900a449c2", "answers": [{"text": "Beethoven", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "PIccolo, contrabassoon, and trombones add to the triumphal finales of what piece by Beethoven?", "id": "56f7227a711bf01900a449c3", "answers": [{"text": "Symphony No. 5", "answer_start": 739}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long was symphonic instrumentation faithful to Beethoven's after he died?", "id": "56f7227a711bf01900a449c4", "answers": [{"text": "several decades", "answer_start": 1173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Beethoven expand in his Symphonies, 3, 5, 6 and 9?", "id": "56f7227a711bf01900a449c5", "answers": [{"text": "timbral \"palette\"", "answer_start": 447}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A Piccolo and trombones provides the illusion of storm and what in Beethoven's Sixth Symphony?", "id": "56f7227a711bf01900a449c6", "answers": [{"text": "sunshine", "answer_start": 815}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The \"standard complement\" of double winds and brass in the orchestra from the first half of the 19th century is generally attributed to Beethoven. The exceptions to this are his Symphony No. 4, Violin Concerto, and Piano Concerto No. 4, which each specify a single flute. The composer's instrumentation usually included paired flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons, horns and trumpets. Beethoven carefully calculated the expansion of this particular timbral \"palette\" in Symphonies 3, 5, 6, and 9 for an innovative effect. The third horn in the \"Eroica\" Symphony arrives to provide not only some harmonic flexibility, but also the effect of \"choral\" brass in the Trio. Piccolo, contrabassoon, and trombones add to the triumphal finale of his Symphony No. 5. A piccolo and a pair of trombones help deliver \"storm\" and \"sunshine\" in the Sixth. The Ninth asks for a second pair of horns, for reasons similar to the \"Eroica\" (four horns has since become standard); Beethoven's use of piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion\u2014plus chorus and vocal soloists\u2014in his finale, are his earliest suggestion that the timbral boundaries of symphony should be expanded. For several decades after he died, symphonic instrumentation was faithful to Beethoven's well-established model, with few exceptions."}], ["Prestasi repertoir muzik klasik memerlukan kecekapan dalam membaca dan bermain permainan, prinsip harmonik, latihan telinga yang kuat (untuk membetulkan dan menyesuaikan padang melalui telinga), pengetahuan amalan prestasi (contohnya, hiasan Baroque), dan kebiasaan dengan gaya / idiom muzik yang diharapkan untuk komposer atau kerja muzik tertentu (misalnya, simfoni Brahms atau konsert Mozart). <> Prestasi muzik klasik memerlukan kecekapan dalam apa jenis bacaan? || Membaca penglihatan <> Kinerja muzik klasik memerlukan kemahiran dalam apa jenis prinsip? || harmonik <> Familiarty dengan gaya yang diharapkan untuk mana-mana komposer yang diberikan diperlukan untuk prestasi jenis apa? || muzik klasik", {"qas": [{"question": "Performance of classical music requires proficiency in what type of reading?", "id": "56f72b71711bf01900a44a26", "answers": [{"text": "sight-reading", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Performance of classical music requires proficiency in what type of principles?", "id": "56f72b71711bf01900a44a27", "answers": [{"text": "harmonic", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Familiarty with the style expected for any given composer is required for what kind of performance?", "id": "56f72b71711bf01900a44a28", "answers": [{"text": "classical music", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Performance of classical music repertoire requires a proficiency in sight-reading and ensemble playing, harmonic principles, strong ear training (to correct and adjust pitches by ear), knowledge of performance practice (e.g., Baroque ornamentation), and a familiarity with the style/musical idiom expected for a given composer or musical work (e.g., a Brahms symphony or a Mozart concerto)."}], ["Walaupun perangai yang sama diterima secara beransur-ansur sebagai perangai muzik dominan pada abad ke-18, suasana bersejarah yang berbeza sering digunakan untuk muzik dari zaman dahulu. Sebagai contoh, muzik Renaissance Inggeris sering dilakukan dalam bentuk perangai. <> Apa jenis perangai diterima pada abad ke-18? || perangai yang sama <> Bilakah perangai yang sama menjadi diterima sebagai perangai muzik dominan? || abad ke-18 <> Apa perangai yang dilakukan oleh Renaissance Inggeris? || maksudnya perangai", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of temperament became accepted during the 18th century?", "id": "56f72a10711bf01900a44a16", "answers": [{"text": "equal temperament", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did equal temperament become accepted as the dominant musical temperament?", "id": "56f72a10711bf01900a44a17", "answers": [{"text": "the 18th century", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What temperament is the English Renaissance performed in?", "id": "56f72a10711bf01900a44a18", "answers": [{"text": "meantone temperament", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "While equal temperament became gradually accepted as the dominant musical temperament during the 18th century, different historical temperaments are often used for music from earlier periods. For instance, music of the English Renaissance is often performed in meantone temperament."}], ["Sesetengah pemuzik genre \"popular\" mempunyai latihan klasik yang penting, seperti Billy Joel, Elton John, saudara Van Halen, Randy Rhoads dan Ritchie Blackmore. Lebih-lebih lagi, latihan formal tidak unik kepada genre klasik. Banyak pemuzik rock dan pop telah melengkapkan ijazah dalam program muzik komersil seperti yang ditawarkan oleh Berklee College of Music dan banyak pemuzik jazz telah melengkapkan derajat muzik dari universiti dengan program jazz, seperti Sekolah Muzik Manhattan dan Universiti McGill. <> Apa saudara saudari mempunyai latihan klasik yang penting? || Van Halen bersaudara <> Billy Joel dan Elton John mempunyai kedua-dua jenis latihan? || klasik <> Rock dan pop pemuzik mungkin mempunyai darjah dalam apa jenis muzik? || komersial", {"qas": [{"question": "What brothers have had significant classical training?", "id": "56f72c443d8e2e1400e373cc", "answers": [{"text": "Van Halen brothers", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Billy Joel and Elton John have both had what type of training?", "id": "56f72c443d8e2e1400e373cd", "answers": [{"text": "classical", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Rock and pop musicians may have degrees in what type of music?", "id": "56f72c443d8e2e1400e373ce", "answers": [{"text": "commercial", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some \"popular\" genre musicians have had significant classical training, such as Billy Joel, Elton John, the Van Halen brothers, Randy Rhoads and Ritchie Blackmore. Moreover, formal training is not unique to the classical genre. Many rock and pop musicians have completed degrees in commercial music programs such as those offered by the Berklee College of Music and many jazz musicians have completed degrees in music from universities with jazz programs, such as the Manhattan School of Music and McGill University."}], ["Ramai instrumen hari ini dikaitkan dengan muzik popular yang memenuhi peranan penting dalam muzik klasik awal, seperti bagpipes, vihuelas, hurdy-gurdies, dan beberapa instrumen kayu. Sebaliknya, instrumen seperti gitar akustik, yang pernah dikaitkan terutamanya dengan muzik popular, menjadi terkenal dalam muzik klasik pada abad ke-19 dan ke-20. <> Dalam apa yang bagpipe mengisi peranan penting? || muzik klasik awal, <> Apakah instrumen yang menjadi terkenal pada abad ke-19 dan ke-20? || gitar akustik <> Vihuelas dan hurdy-gurdies kini dikaitkan dengan jenis muzik apa? || popular", {"qas": [{"question": "In what did the bagpipe fill an important role?", "id": "56f729923d8e2e1400e373b6", "answers": [{"text": "early classical music,", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What instrument gained prominence in the 19th and 20th century?", "id": "56f729923d8e2e1400e373b7", "answers": [{"text": "the acoustic guitar", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Vihuelas and hurdy-gurdies are currently associated with what type of music?", "id": "56f729923d8e2e1400e373b8", "answers": [{"text": "popular", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many instruments today associated with popular music filled important roles in early classical music, such as bagpipes, vihuelas, hurdy-gurdies, and some woodwind instruments. On the other hand, instruments such as the acoustic guitar, once associated mainly with popular music, gained prominence in classical music in the 19th and 20th centuries."}], ["Pelakon yang telah mempelajari muzik klasik secara meluas dikatakan \"dilatih secara klasik\". Latihan ini mungkin dari pelajaran peribadi dari instrumen atau guru suara atau daripada menyelesaikan program formal yang ditawarkan oleh Konservatori, kolej atau universiti, seperti B.mus. atau M.mus. ijazah (termasuk pelajaran individu dari profesor). Dalam muzik klasik, \"... pendidikan muzik dan latihan muzik yang luas, seringkali untuk peringkat pascasiswazah [peringkat Ijazah Sarjana]\" diperlukan. <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh pelawat terlatih klasik secara meluas? || belajar muzik klasik <> Apa yang B.mus. atau M.mus. ijazah termasuk? || pelajaran individu dari profesor <> Tahap apa latihan untuk muzik klasik sering diperlukan? || pascasiswazah", {"qas": [{"question": "What have classical trained performers done extensively?", "id": "56f72ad83d8e2e1400e373c6", "answers": [{"text": "studied classical music", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does a B.mus. or M.mus. degree include?", "id": "56f72ad83d8e2e1400e373c7", "answers": [{"text": "individual lessons from professors", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what level is training for classical music often required?", "id": "56f72ad83d8e2e1400e373c8", "answers": [{"text": "postgraduate", "answer_start": 426}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Performers who have studied classical music extensively are said to be \"classically trained\". This training may be from private lessons from instrument or voice teachers or from completion of a formal program offered by a Conservatory, college or university, such as a B.mus. or M.mus. degree (which includes individual lessons from professors). In classical music, \"...extensive formal music education and training, often to postgraduate [Master's degree] level\" is required."}], ["Saxophones muncul dalam beberapa markah dari abad ke-19 dan seterusnya. Walaupun kelihatan hanya sebagai instrumen solo yang dipaparkan dalam beberapa karya, seperti contoh karya Maurice Ravel dari Gambar Mestorgsky Modest di Pameran dan Serfi Rachmaninoff's Symphonic Dances, saksofon disertakan dalam karya-karya lain, seperti Bol\u00e9ro Ravel, Romeo dan Juliet Suites Sergei Prokofiev dan 2 dan banyak karya lain sebagai ahli orkestra orkestra. Euphonium dipaparkan dalam beberapa karya Romantik dan abad ke-20 yang lewat, biasanya memainkan bahagian bertanda \"tenor tuba\", termasuk Gustav Holst's Planets, dan Richard Strauss's Ein Heldenleben. <> Bilakah saksofon pertama muncul dalam markah? || abad ke-19 <> Saxophone telah ditonjolkan sebagai instrumen solo dalam apa yang ditulis oleh Sergei Rachmaninoff? || Tarian Symphonic <> Bagaimana ciri saxophone di Ravel's Bolero? || sebagai ahli orkestra orkestra <> euphonium biasanya memainkan bahagian ditandakan sebagai apa? || \"tenor tuba\" <> Who wrote the Planets? || Gustav Holst", {"qas": [{"question": "When do saxophones first appear in scores?", "id": "56f7241a3d8e2e1400e37390", "answers": [{"text": "the late 19th century", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Saxophone was featured as a solo instrument in what Sergei Rachmaninoff piece?", "id": "56f7241a3d8e2e1400e37391", "answers": [{"text": "Symphonic Dances", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is the saxophone features in Ravel's Bolero?", "id": "56f7241a3d8e2e1400e37392", "answers": [{"text": "as a member of the orchestral ensemble", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The euphonium usually played parts marked as what?", "id": "56f7241a3d8e2e1400e37393", "answers": [{"text": "\"tenor tuba\"", "answer_start": 549}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote The Planets?", "id": "56f7241a3d8e2e1400e37394", "answers": [{"text": "Gustav Holst", "answer_start": 573}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Saxophones appear in some scores from the late 19th century onwards. While appearing only as featured solo instruments in some works, for example Maurice Ravel's orchestration of Modest Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition and Sergei Rachmaninoff's Symphonic Dances, the saxophone is included in other works, such as Ravel's Bol\u00e9ro, Sergei Prokofiev's Romeo and Juliet Suites 1 and 2 and many other works as a member of the orchestral ensemble. The euphonium is featured in a few late Romantic and 20th-century works, usually playing parts marked \"tenor tuba\", including Gustav Holst's The Planets, and Richard Strauss's Ein Heldenleben."}], ["Instrumen elektrik seperti gitar elektrik, bass elektrik dan Martenot pada masa ini muncul kadang-kadang dalam muzik klasik abad ke-20 dan ke-21. Kedua-dua pemuzik klasik dan popular telah bereksperimen dalam beberapa dekad kebelakangan ini dengan alat elektronik seperti teknik sintesis, elektrik dan digital seperti penggunaan bunyi sampel atau komputer yang dihasilkan, dan instrumen dari budaya lain seperti gamelan. <> Jenis instrumen apa yang kadang-kadang muncul dalam gaya klasik muzik klasik ke-20 dan ke-21? || Elektrik <> Apa jenis pemuzik selain klasik telah bereksperimen dengan instrumen elektronik? || popular <> Apa jenis instrumen gamelan? || elektronik", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of instrument appears occasionally in the 20th and 21st century styles of classical music?", "id": "56f728d6711bf01900a449fe", "answers": [{"text": "Electric", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of musicians besides classical have experimented with electronic instruments?", "id": "56f728d6711bf01900a449ff", "answers": [{"text": "popular", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of instrument is the gamelan?", "id": "56f728d6711bf01900a44a00", "answers": [{"text": "electronic", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Electric instruments such as the electric guitar, the electric bass and the ondes Martenot appear occasionally in the classical music of the 20th and 21st centuries. Both classical and popular musicians have experimented in recent decades with electronic instruments such as the synthesizer, electric and digital techniques such as the use of sampled or computer-generated sounds, and instruments from other cultures such as the gamelan."}], ["Pada tahun 1997, Filharmonik Vienna \"menghadapi protes semasa lawatan [AS] oleh Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Wanita dan Perikatan Antarabangsa untuk Wanita dalam Muzik. Akhirnya, \"selepas ditahan untuk meningkatkan cemoohan walaupun di Austria yang konservatif, ahli-ahli orkestra berkumpul [pada 28 Februari 1997] dalam satu mesyuarat luar biasa pada malam sebelum mereka berlepas dan bersetuju untuk mengakui seorang wanita, Anna Lelkes, sebagai pemain harimau. \" Sehingga 2013, orkestra ini mempunyai enam ahli wanita; salah seorang daripada mereka, pemain biola Albena Danailova menjadi salah satu konsert konsert orkestra pada tahun 2008, wanita pertama yang memegang jawatan tersebut. Pada tahun 2012, wanita masih membentuk hanya 6% daripada keahlian orkestra. Presiden VPO Clemens Hellsberg berkata VPO kini menggunakan pemeriksaan buta sepenuhnya. <> Pada tahun berapakah Filharmonik Vienna menghadapi protes di AS? || 1997 <> Siapa wanita pertama yang masuk ke Filharmonik Vienna? || Anna Lelkes <> Apa alat bermain Anna Lelkes? || harpa <> Berapa ramai ahli wanita adalah sebahagian daripada Filharmonik Vienna pada tahun 2013? || enam <> Siapa konsertmaster wanita pertama Philharmonic Vienna? || Albena Danailova", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the Vienna Philharmonic face protests in the US?", "id": "56f72e823d8e2e1400e373f0", "answers": [{"text": "1997", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first woman admitted to the Vienna Philharmonic?", "id": "56f72e823d8e2e1400e373f1", "answers": [{"text": "Anna Lelkes", "answer_start": 399}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What instrument did Anna Lelkes play?", "id": "56f72e823d8e2e1400e373f2", "answers": [{"text": "harp", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many female members were part of the Vienna Philharmonic in 2013?", "id": "56f72e823d8e2e1400e373f3", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 455}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Vienna Philharmonic's first female concertmaster?", "id": "56f72e823d8e2e1400e373f4", "answers": [{"text": "Albena Danailova", "answer_start": 498}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1997, the Vienna Philharmonic was \"facing protests during a [US] tour\" by the National Organization for Women and the International Alliance for Women in Music. Finally, \"after being held up to increasing ridicule even in socially conservative Austria, members of the orchestra gathered [on 28 February 1997] in an extraordinary meeting on the eve of their departure and agreed to admit a woman, Anna Lelkes, as harpist.\" As of 2013, the orchestra has six female members; one of them, violinist Albena Danailova became one of the orchestra's concertmasters in 2008, the first woman to hold that position. In 2012, women still made up just 6% of the orchestra's membership. VPO president Clemens Hellsberg said the VPO now uses completely screened blind auditions."}], ["Secara historis, orkestra profesional utama telah kebanyakannya atau sepenuhnya terdiri daripada pemuzik lelaki. Beberapa kes terawal wanita yang diupah di orkestra profesional berada di kedudukan harpist. Sebagai contoh, Philharmonic Vienna tidak menerima wanita untuk keahlian kekal sehingga tahun 1997, jauh lebih awal daripada orkestra lain yang disenaraikan di kalangan lima teratas di dunia oleh Gramophone pada tahun 2008. Orkestra utama yang terakhir untuk melantik seorang wanita untuk kedudukan tetap adalah Philharmonic Berlin . Setakat Februari 1996, seruling utama Flute Filharmonik, Dieter Flury, memberitahu Westdeutscher Rundfunk bahawa menerima wanita akan \"berjudi dengan perpaduan emosi (emotionelle Geschlossenheit) bahawa organisme ini pada masa ini\". Pada bulan April 1996, setiausaha akhbar orkestra menulis bahawa \"memampas daun yang tidak dijangka\" cuti bersalin akan menjadi masalah. <> Apa jantina pemuzik secara sejarah telah membentuk sejumlah besar orkestra profesional? || lelaki <> Wanita pertama kali diupah di orkestra profesional untuk kedudukan apa? || harpist <> Tahun berapakah Philharmonic Vienna mula menerima wanita? || 1997 <> Yang orkestra utama mana yang terakhir untuk melantik wanita ke kedudukan tetap? || Filharmonik Berlin <> Siapakah seruling utama untuk Filharmonik Vienna pada tahun 1996? || Dieter Flury", {"qas": [{"question": "What gender of musician has historically made up a large amount of professional orchestras?", "id": "56f72db03d8e2e1400e373dc", "answers": [{"text": "male", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Women were first hired in professional orchestras for what position?", "id": "56f72db03d8e2e1400e373dd", "answers": [{"text": "harpist", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the Vienna Philharmonic first accept women?", "id": "56f72db03d8e2e1400e373de", "answers": [{"text": "1997", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which major orchestra was the last to appoint a woman to a permanent position?", "id": "56f72db03d8e2e1400e373df", "answers": [{"text": "the Berlin Philharmonic", "answer_start": 468}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the principal flute for the Vienna Philharmonic in 1996?", "id": "56f72db03d8e2e1400e373e0", "answers": [{"text": "Dieter Flury", "answer_start": 562}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Historically, major professional orchestras have been mostly or entirely composed of male musicians. Some of the earliest cases of women being hired in professional orchestras was in the position of harpist. The Vienna Philharmonic, for example, did not accept women to permanent membership until 1997, far later than the other orchestras ranked among the world's top five by Gramophone in 2008. The last major orchestra to appoint a woman to a permanent position was the Berlin Philharmonic. As late as February 1996, the Vienna Philharmonic's principal flute, Dieter Flury, told Westdeutscher Rundfunk that accepting women would be \"gambling with the emotional unity (emotionelle Geschlossenheit) that this organism currently has\". In April 1996, the orchestra's press secretary wrote that \"compensating for the expected leaves of absence\" of maternity leave would be a problem."}], ["Tali Wagner, ahli diubahsuai keluarga tanduk, muncul dalam kitaran Richard Wagner Der Ring des Nibelungen dan beberapa karya lain oleh Strauss, B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k, dan lain-lain; ia mempunyai peranan penting dalam Symphony Anton Bruckner No. 7 di E Major. Cornet muncul dalam Balet Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake, Claude Debussy's La Mer, dan beberapa karya orkestra oleh Hector Berlioz. Sekiranya instrumen ini dimainkan oleh anggota menggandakan instrumen lain (contohnya, pemain trombon yang berubah kepada euphonium untuk laluan tertentu), orkestra akan menggunakan ahli muzik bebas untuk menambah pengganti biasa mereka. <> Apakah nama ahli keluarga tanduk yang diubah suai yang terdapat dalam beberapa karya oleh Strauss? || The Wagner tuba <> Yang simfoni Anton Bruckner tidak tuba Wagner mempunyai peranan penting dalam? || Symphony No. 7 in E Major <> Who wrote the ballet Swan Lake? || Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky <> Apa yang akan digunakan oleh orkestra untuk menambah rosters biasa mereka? || pemuzik bebas <> Apa bahagian Debussy mempunyai kornet? || La Mer", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the modified member of the horn family appearing in several works by Strauss?", "id": "56f72650711bf01900a449ea", "answers": [{"text": "The Wagner tuba", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which symphony of Anton Bruckner's does the Wagner tuba have a prominent role in?", "id": "56f72650711bf01900a449eb", "answers": [{"text": "Symphony No. 7 in E Major", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the ballet Swan Lake?", "id": "56f72650711bf01900a449ec", "answers": [{"text": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What will orchestras use to augment their regular rosters?", "id": "56f72650711bf01900a449ed", "answers": [{"text": "freelance musicians", "answer_start": 557}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Debussy piece features a cornet?", "id": "56f72650711bf01900a449ee", "answers": [{"text": "La Mer", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Wagner tuba, a modified member of the horn family, appears in Richard Wagner's cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen and several other works by Strauss, B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k, and others; it has a prominent role in Anton Bruckner's Symphony No. 7 in E Major. Cornets appear in Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake, Claude Debussy's La Mer, and several orchestral works by Hector Berlioz. Unless these instruments are played by members doubling on another instrument (for example, a trombone player changing to euphonium for a certain passage), orchestras will use freelance musicians to augment their regular rosters."}], ["Tempoh zaman pertengahan termasuk muzik dari selepas kejatuhan Rom ke sekitar 1400. Lagu monofonik, juga dipanggil plainsong atau Gregorian chant, adalah bentuk dominan sehingga kira-kira 1100. Muzik polifonik (multi-bersuara) dibangunkan dari nyanyian monophonic sepanjang Abad Pertengahan dan ke dalam Renaisans, termasuk suara motosikal yang lebih kompleks. <> Tempoh zaman pertengahan bermula dengan kejatuhan apa bandar? || Roma <> Apa yang boleh dipanggil Plainsong atau Gregorian juga dipanggil? || Monophonic chant <> Apa maksud Polyphonic? || berbilang suara <> Bilakah lagu Monophonic berhenti menjadi bentuk dominan? || 1100 <> Muzik polyphonic termasuk menyuarakan lebih rumit tentang apa? || motet", {"qas": [{"question": "The Medieval period begins with the fall of what city?", "id": "56f73beaaef2371900625a2b", "answers": [{"text": "Rome", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can Plainsong or Gregorian chant also be called?", "id": "56f73beaaef2371900625a2c", "answers": [{"text": "Monophonic chant", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Polyphonic mean? ", "id": "56f73beaaef2371900625a2d", "answers": [{"text": "multi-voiced", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Monophonic chant stop being the dominant form?", "id": "56f73beaaef2371900625a2e", "answers": [{"text": "1100", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Polyphonic music included more complex voicing of what?", "id": "56f73beaaef2371900625a2f", "answers": [{"text": "motets", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Medieval period includes music from after the fall of Rome to about 1400. Monophonic chant, also called plainsong or Gregorian chant, was the dominant form until about 1100. Polyphonic (multi-voiced) music developed from monophonic chant throughout the late Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, including the more complex voicings of motets."}], ["Prefiks neo digunakan untuk menggambarkan komposisi abad ke-20 atau kontemporari yang ditulis dalam gaya era terdahulu, seperti Klasik atau Romantik. Sebagai contoh, Stravinsky's Pulcinella adalah komposisi neoklasik kerana ia adalah gaya yang serupa dengan karya era Klasik. <> Komposisi kontemporari yang ditulis dalam gaya era terdahulu diterangkan dengan awalan apa? || neo <> Berapa abad yang komposisi Neoklasikal ditulis dalam? || Abad ke-20 <> Siapa yang menulis Pulcinella? || <Stravinsky's <> Era apa yang Pulcinella sama dengan? || Klasik", {"qas": [{"question": "A Contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier era is described with what prefix?", "id": "56f735c03d8e2e1400e37474", "answers": [{"text": "neo", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What century were Neoclassical compositions written in?", "id": "56f735c03d8e2e1400e37475", "answers": [{"text": "20th-century", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote Pulcinella?", "id": "56f735c03d8e2e1400e37476", "answers": [{"text": "Stravinsky's", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What era is Pulcinella similar to?", "id": "56f735c03d8e2e1400e37477", "answers": [{"text": "Classical", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The prefix neo is used to describe a 20th-century or contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier era, such as Classical or Romantic. Stravinsky's Pulcinella, for example, is a neoclassical composition because it is stylistically similar to works of the Classical era."}], ["Era Renaissance adalah dari 1400 hingga 1600. Ia dicirikan oleh penggunaan instrumen yang lebih banyak, pelbagai melodik melengkung, dan penggunaan instrumen bass pertama. Tarian sosial menjadi lebih meluas, jadi bentuk muzik yang sesuai untuk menari tarian mula menjadi standard. <> Bilakah zaman Renaisans? || dari 1400 ke 1600 <> Apa era dari 1400 hingga 1600? || Renaissance <> Penggunaan alat keledek pertama berlaku pada zaman apa? || Renaissance <> Apa yang menjadi berleluasa di zaman Renaisans? || Tarian Sosial <> Bentuk muzik untuk tarian mula menyeragamkan semasa era apa? || Renaissance", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Renaissance era?", "id": "56f73c54aef2371900625a35", "answers": [{"text": "from 1400 to 1600", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What era was from 1400 to 1600? ", "id": "56f73c54aef2371900625a36", "answers": [{"text": "Renaissance", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The use of the first ass instruments occurred in what era?", "id": "56f73c54aef2371900625a37", "answers": [{"text": "Renaissance", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What became widespread in the Renaissance era?", "id": "56f73c54aef2371900625a38", "answers": [{"text": "Social dancing", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Musical forms for dance began to standardize during what era?", "id": "56f73c54aef2371900625a39", "answers": [{"text": "Renaissance", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Renaissance era was from 1400 to 1600. It was characterized by greater use of instrumentation, multiple interweaving melodic lines, and the use of the first bass instruments. Social dancing became more widespread, so musical forms appropriate to accompanying dance began to standardize."}], ["Pada masa ini, notasi muzik pada kakitangan dan unsur-unsur notasi muzik mula terbentuk. Ciptaan ini memungkinkan pemisahan komposisi sekeping muzik dari penghantarannya; tanpa muzik bertulis, penghantaran adalah lisan, dan tertakluk kepada perubahan setiap kali ia dihantar. Dengan skor muzik, karya muzik dapat dilakukan tanpa kehadiran komposer. Penciptaan akhbar percetakan jenis bergerak pada abad ke 15 mempunyai kesan yang meluas terhadap pemeliharaan dan penghantaran muzik. <> Notasi muzik pada apa yang mula terbentuk pada masa ini? || kakitangan <> Bagaimana muzik dihantar sebelum penciptaan notasi muzik? || lisan <> Apakah subjek muzik lisan setiap kali ditransmisikan? || Tukar <> Apa yang dapat dilakukan oleh musikal yang dilakukan tanpa? || kehadiran komposer <> Bilakah pencetakan percetakan jenis alih dicipta? || abad ke-15", {"qas": [{"question": "The notation of music on a what began to take shape at this time?", "id": "56f743d9aef2371900625a63", "answers": [{"text": "staff", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How was music transmitted before the invention of musical notation?", "id": "56f743d9aef2371900625a64", "answers": [{"text": "oral", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was oral music subject to every time is was transmitted?", "id": "56f743d9aef2371900625a65", "answers": [{"text": "change", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can a musical scored be performed without?", "id": "56f743d9aef2371900625a66", "answers": [{"text": "the composer's presence", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the movable-type printing press invented?", "id": "56f743d9aef2371900625a67", "answers": [{"text": "the 15th century", "answer_start": 464}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It is in this time that the notation of music on a staff and other elements of musical notation began to take shape. This invention made possible the separation of the composition of a piece of music from its transmission; without written music, transmission was oral, and subject to change every time it was transmitted. With a musical score, a work of music could be performed without the composer's presence. The invention of the movable-type printing press in the 15th century had far-reaching consequences on the preservation and transmission of music."}], ["Kerja-kerja repertoir klasik sering menunjukkan kerumitan dalam penggunaan orkestra, counterpoint, harmoni, pembangunan muzik, irama, ungkapan, tekstur, dan bentuk. Sedangkan gaya yang paling popular biasanya ditulis dalam bentuk lagu, muzik klasik dicatatkan untuk perkembangan bentuk muzik yang sangat canggih, seperti konserto, simfoni, sonata, dan opera. <> Kerja-kerja repertoir klasik mempamerkan apa yang digunakan oleh mereka sebagai orkestra dan keharmonian, dan membentuk? || kerumitan <> Apa yang biasanya ditulis dalam bentuk lagu? || gaya popular <> Konserto, simfoni, sonata dan opera adalah contoh bentuk bentuk muzik apa? || canggih", {"qas": [{"question": "Works of classical repertoire exhibit what in their use of orchestration and harmony, and form?", "id": "56f72fe03d8e2e1400e37402", "answers": [{"text": "complexity", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is usually written in song forms?", "id": "56f72fe03d8e2e1400e37403", "answers": [{"text": "popular styles", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The concerto, symphony, sonata and opera are examples of what type of musical forms?", "id": "56f72fe03d8e2e1400e37404", "answers": [{"text": "sophisticated", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Works of classical repertoire often exhibit complexity in their use of orchestration, counterpoint, harmony, musical development, rhythm, phrasing, texture, and form. Whereas most popular styles are usually written in song forms, classical music is noted for its development of highly sophisticated musical forms, like the concerto, symphony, sonata, and opera."}], ["Kerja-kerja yang lebih lama sering dibahagikan kepada kepingan-kepingan yang serba lengkap, dipanggil pergerakan, selalunya dengan karakter atau perasaan yang berbeza. Sebagai contoh, simfoni yang ditulis semasa tempoh Klasik biasanya dibahagikan kepada empat gerakan: (1) Allegro pembukaan dalam bentuk sonata, (2) pergerakan perlahan, (3) minuet atau scherzo, dan (4) Allegro akhir. Pergerakan ini kemudiannya boleh dipecah menjadi hierarki unit kecil: bahagian pertama, kemudian tempoh, dan akhirnya frasa. <> Apa potongan-potongan diri dalam kerja lebih lama? || pergerakan <> Berapa banyak pergerakan simfoni yang ditulis dalam tempoh Klasik yang biasanya dibahagikan kepada? || empat <> Apa, biasanya, adalah kelajuan pergerakan kedua dalam sekeping klasik? || lambat <> Pergerakan yang dipecahkan lebih lanjut dipanggil apa? || bahagian <> Pergerakan akhir sekeping klasik biasanya dipanggil apa? || Allegro", {"qas": [{"question": "What are self-contained pieces in longer works called?", "id": "56f730d43d8e2e1400e3741c", "answers": [{"text": "movements", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many movements are symphonies written in the Classical period usually divided into?", "id": "56f730d43d8e2e1400e3741d", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What, typically, is the speed of the second movement in a classical piece?", "id": "56f730d43d8e2e1400e3741e", "answers": [{"text": "slow", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A movement broken up further is called what?", "id": "56f730d43d8e2e1400e3741f", "answers": [{"text": "sections", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The final movement of a classical piece is usually called what?", "id": "56f730d43d8e2e1400e37420", "answers": [{"text": "Allegro", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Longer works are often divided into self-contained pieces, called movements, often with contrasting characters or moods. For instance, symphonies written during the Classical period are usually divided into four movements: (1) an opening Allegro in sonata form, (2) a slow movement, (3) a minuet or scherzo, and (4) a final Allegro. These movements can then be further broken down into a hierarchy of smaller units: first sections, then periods, and finally phrases."}], ["Pada tahun 2013, sebuah artikel dalam Mother Jones menyatakan bahawa \"[orkestra mana-mana berprestij mempunyai keanggotaan perempuan yang penting-wanita melebihi lelaki di bahagian biola New York Philharmonic-dan beberapa ensembel terkenal, termasuk Orkestra Simfoni Kebangsaan, Detroit Symphony, dan Simfoni Minnesota, diketuai oleh pemain biola wanita \", bass double, tembaga, dan perkusi bahagian orkestra utama\" ... masih lagi lelaki. \" Artikel BBC 2014 menyatakan bahawa \"... pengenalan 'pemeriksaan' buta ', di mana seorang instrumentalis yang berpeluang melakukan di sebalik skrin supaya panel penghakiman tidak boleh menggunakan jantina atau prejudis perkauman, telah melihat imbangan jantina dari simfoni yang didominasi lelaki secara tradisional orkestra beransur-ansur. \" <> Orkestra Simfoni Kebangsaan dipimpin oleh apa jantina biola? || Wanita <> Bahagian bass, tembaga dan perkusi berganda yang paling utama adalah jenis jantina? || lelaki <> Apakah jenis uji bakat yang dijangka dapat menghapuskan jantina atau prasangka kaum? || 'buta' audisi <> Dalam bahagian apa yang New York Philharmonic melakukan wanita melebihi lelaki? || biola", {"qas": [{"question": "The National Symphony Orchestra is led by what gender of violinist?", "id": "56f72f4f711bf01900a44a40", "answers": [{"text": "female", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The double bass, brass and percussion sections are predominately what gender?", "id": "56f72f4f711bf01900a44a41", "answers": [{"text": "male", "answer_start": 437}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of audition are expected to eliminator gender or racial prejudice?", "id": "56f72f4f711bf01900a44a42", "answers": [{"text": "'blind' auditions", "answer_start": 499}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what section of the New York Philharmonic do women outnumber men?", "id": "56f72f4f711bf01900a44a43", "answers": [{"text": "violin", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2013, an article in Mother Jones stated that while \"[m]any prestigious orchestras have significant female membership\u2014women outnumber men in the New York Philharmonic's violin section\u2014and several renowned ensembles, including the National Symphony Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony, and the Minnesota Symphony, are led by women violinists\", the double bass, brass, and percussion sections of major orchestras \"...are still predominantly male.\" A 2014 BBC article stated that the \"...introduction of 'blind' auditions, where a prospective instrumentalist performs behind a screen so that the judging panel can exercise no gender or racial prejudice, has seen the gender balance of traditionally male-dominated symphony orchestras gradually shift.\""}], ["Tarikh adalah generalisasi, kerana tempoh dan era bertindih dan kategori agak sewenang-wenang, sehingga beberapa pihak berkuasa membalikkan istilah dan merujuk kepada \"era\" amalan biasa yang terdiri daripada \"tempoh\" barok, klasik, dan romantis. Sebagai contoh, penggunaan kaunter dan fugue, yang dianggap ciri era Baroque (atau tempoh), diteruskan oleh Haydn, yang diklasifikasikan sebagai zaman klasik. Beethoven, yang sering digambarkan sebagai pengasas era Romantik, dan Brahms, yang diklasifikasikan sebagai Romantik, juga menggunakan titik balik dan fugue, tetapi ciri-ciri lain muzik mereka menentukan era mereka. <> Apakah komposer apa yang terus mengutamakan dan melarikan diri? || Haydn <> Haydn diklasifikasikan sebagai tipikal dari era apa? || Klasik <> Siapa yang digambarkan sebagai pengasas era Romantik? || Beethoven <> Siapa yang diklasifikasikan sebagai Romantik, tetapi juga menggunakan counterpoint dan fugue? || Brahms <> Sesetengah pihak berkuasa membalikkan istilah untuk merujuk kepada tempoh amalan biasa sebagai apa? || zaman", {"qas": [{"question": "What composer continued the counterpoint and fugue?", "id": "56f732a2711bf01900a44a5a", "answers": [{"text": "Haydn", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Haydn is classified as typical of what era?", "id": "56f732a2711bf01900a44a5b", "answers": [{"text": "Classical", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is described as a founder of the Romantic era?", "id": "56f732a2711bf01900a44a5c", "answers": [{"text": "Beethoven", "answer_start": 448}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is classified as Romantic, but also uses counterpoint and fugue?", "id": "56f732a2711bf01900a44a5d", "answers": [{"text": "Brahms", "answer_start": 520}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some authorities reverse terminologies to refer to the common practice period as a what?", "id": "56f732a2711bf01900a44a5e", "answers": [{"text": "era", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The dates are generalizations, since the periods and eras overlap and the categories are somewhat arbitrary, to the point that some authorities reverse terminologies and refer to a common practice \"era\" comprising baroque, classical, and romantic \"periods\". For example, the use of counterpoint and fugue, which is considered characteristic of the Baroque era (or period), was continued by Haydn, who is classified as typical of the Classical era. Beethoven, who is often described as a founder of the Romantic era, and Brahms, who is classified as Romantic, also used counterpoint and fugue, but other characteristics of their music define their era."}], ["Bahagian masa utama muzik klasik sehingga 1900 adalah tempoh muzik awal, yang termasuk zaman Medieval (500-1400) dan Renaissance (1400-1600), dan tempoh amalan Biasa, yang termasuk Baroque (1600-1750), Klasik (1750-1830) dan Romantik (1804-1910) era. Sejak tahun 1900, tempoh klasik telah diperhitungkan lebih banyak oleh abad kalendar berbanding dengan pergerakan gaya tertentu yang telah dipecah-pecah dan sukar ditakrifkan. Tempoh kalendar abad ke-20 (1901-2000) merangkumi sebahagian besar era muzik moden yang awal (1890-1930), keseluruhan zaman moden (pertengahan abad ke-20), dan 25 tahun pertama era musik kontemporari atau postmodern (1975- semasa). Abad ke-21 setakat ini telah dicirikan oleh kesinambungan era musikal kontemporari / postmodern. <> Berapa tempoh dari 500-1400? || Abad Pertengahan <> Berapa tahun menentukan tempoh Baroque? || 1600-1750 <> Bagaimana tempoh telah dikira Sejak tahun 1900? || oleh abad kalendar <> Era apa abad yang telah dicirikan oleh abad? || era muzik kontemporari / postmodern <> Tahun 1804-1910 menandakan era apa? || Romantik", {"qas": [{"question": "What period was from 500-1400?", "id": "56f731b83d8e2e1400e37430", "answers": [{"text": "Medieval", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What years dictate the Baroque period?", "id": "56f731b83d8e2e1400e37431", "answers": [{"text": "1600\u20131750", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How have periods been reckoned Since 1900?", "id": "56f731b83d8e2e1400e37432", "answers": [{"text": "by calendar century", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What era has the 21st century has been characterized by?", "id": "56f731b83d8e2e1400e37433", "answers": [{"text": "the contemporary/postmodern musical era", "answer_start": 743}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The years 1804-1910 marked what era?", "id": "56f731b83d8e2e1400e37434", "answers": [{"text": "Romantic", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The major time divisions of classical music up to 1900 are the early music period, which includes Medieval (500\u20131400) and Renaissance (1400\u20131600) eras, and the Common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600\u20131750), Classical (1750\u20131830) and Romantic (1804\u20131910) eras. Since 1900, classical periods have been reckoned more by calendar century than by particular stylistic movements that have become fragmented and difficult to define. The 20th century calendar period (1901\u20132000) includes most of the early modern musical era (1890\u20131930), the entire high modern (mid 20th-century), and the first 25 years of the contemporary or postmodern musical era (1975\u2013current). The 21st century has so far been characterized by a continuation of the contemporary/postmodern musical era."}], ["Burgh (2006), mencadangkan bahawa akar muzik klasik Barat akhirnya terletak pada muzik seni kuno Mesir melalui cheironomy dan orkestra Mesir kuno, yang bermula pada tahun 2695 SM. Ini diikuti oleh muzik liturgi Kristian awal, yang bermula pada zaman Yunani Kuno [rujukan?]. Perkembangan nada dan skala individu dibuat oleh orang-orang Yunani kuno seperti Aristoxenus dan Pythagoras. Pythagoras mencipta sistem penalaan dan membantu untuk memodifikasi notasi muzik. Instrumen Yunani kuno seperti aulos (instrumen reed) dan lirik (instrumen bersayap mirip dengan kecapi kecil) akhirnya membawa kepada instrumen moden sebuah orkestra klasik. Yang terdahulu pada zaman awal adalah era musik kuno sebelum jatuhnya Empayar Rom (476 AD). Muzik sangat sedikit bertahan dari masa ini, kebanyakannya dari zaman purba Yunani. <> Bilakah tarikh orkestra Mesir akan tiba? || 2695 SM <> Siapa yang mencadangkan muzik klasik Barat berakar pada muzik seni kuno Mesir? || Burgh <> Muzik apa yang mengikuti muzik seni kuno Mesir? || Muzik Kristian awal Kristian, <> Masyarakat purba mana yang membangun nada dan skala individu? || orang-orang Yunani kuno <> Siapa yang membantu memodifikasi notasi muzik? || Pythagoras", {"qas": [{"question": "When does the Egyptian orchestra date to?", "id": "56f738413d8e2e1400e37490", "answers": [{"text": "2695 BC", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who suggested that Western classical music is rooted to ancient Egyptian art music?", "id": "56f738413d8e2e1400e37491", "answers": [{"text": "Burgh", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What music followed ancient Egyptian art music?", "id": "56f738413d8e2e1400e37492", "answers": [{"text": "early Christian liturgical music,", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which ancient society developed individual tones and scales?", "id": "56f738413d8e2e1400e37493", "answers": [{"text": "ancient Greeks", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who helped codify musical notation?", "id": "56f738413d8e2e1400e37494", "answers": [{"text": "Pythagoras", "answer_start": 414}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Burgh (2006), suggests that the roots of Western classical music ultimately lie in ancient Egyptian art music via cheironomy and the ancient Egyptian orchestra, which dates to 2695 BC. This was followed by early Christian liturgical music, which itself dates back to the Ancient Greeks[citation needed]. The development of individual tones and scales was made by ancient Greeks such as Aristoxenus and Pythagoras. Pythagoras created a tuning system and helped to codify musical notation. Ancient Greek instruments such as the aulos (a reed instrument) and the lyre (a stringed instrument similar to a small harp) eventually led to the modern-day instruments of a classical orchestra. The antecedent to the early period was the era of ancient music before the fall of the Roman Empire (476 AD). Very little music survives from this time, most of it from ancient Greece."}], ["Tempoh amalan biasa adalah apabila banyak idea yang membentuk muzik klasik barat telah dibentuk, diseragamkan, atau dikodifikasikan. Ia bermula dengan era Baroque, berjalan dari kira-kira 1600 hingga pertengahan abad ke-18. Era Klasik diikuti, berakhir kira-kira pada tahun 1820. Era Romantis berlalu pada abad ke-19, berakhir pada 1910. <> Bilakah banyak idea yang membentuk muzik klasik barat berbentuk? || Tempoh amalan biasa <> Apa yang bermula dengan era Baroque? || Tempoh amalan biasa <> Apakah era mengikuti era klasik? || Masa Baroque <> Bilakah era klasik berakhir? || sekitar 1820 <> Bilakah era romantis berakhir? || kira-kira tahun 1910", {"qas": [{"question": "When did many of the ideas that make up western classical music take shape?", "id": "56f744beaef2371900625a77", "answers": [{"text": "The common practice period", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What began with the Baroque era?", "id": "56f744beaef2371900625a78", "answers": [{"text": "The common practice period", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What era did the classical era follow?", "id": "56f744beaef2371900625a79", "answers": [{"text": "Baroque era", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the classical era end?", "id": "56f744beaef2371900625a7a", "answers": [{"text": "around 1820", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the romantic era end?", "id": "56f744beaef2371900625a7b", "answers": [{"text": "about 1910", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The common practice period is when many of the ideas that make up western classical music took shape, standardized, or were codified. It began with the Baroque era, running from roughly 1600 to the middle of the 18th century. The Classical era followed, ending roughly around 1820. The Romantic era ran through the 19th century, ending about 1910."}], ["Instrumen angin menjadi lebih halus dalam era Klasik. Sementara instrumen double reeded seperti oboe dan bassoon menjadi agak tersendiri di Baroque, keluarga klarinet buluh tunggal tidak digunakan secara meluas sehingga Mozart memperluas peranannya dalam tetapan orkestra, ruang, dan konserto. <> Jenis instrumen apa yang menjadi lebih halus semasa era klasik? || Angin <> Apa yang dipanggil keluarga tunggal buluh? || keluarga klarinet <> Apa jenis instrumen yang agak standardkan di era E Baroque? || double reeded <> Yang memperluaskan peranan tunggal buluh? || Mozart", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of instrument became more refined during the classical era?", "id": "56f7488fa6d7ea1400e1715c", "answers": [{"text": "Wind", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the single reed family called?", "id": "56f7488fa6d7ea1400e1715d", "answers": [{"text": "the clarinet family", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of instrument was somewhat standardized int eh Baroque era?", "id": "56f7488fa6d7ea1400e1715e", "answers": [{"text": "double reeded", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who expanded the single reeds role?", "id": "56f7488fa6d7ea1400e1715f", "answers": [{"text": "Mozart", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Wind instruments became more refined in the Classical era. While double reeded instruments like the oboe and bassoon became somewhat standardized in the Baroque, the clarinet family of single reeds was not widely used until Mozart expanded its role in orchestral, chamber, and concerto settings."}], ["Instrumen tipikal pada zaman awal termasuk harpa, lute, vielle, dan psaltery, sementara instrumen angin termasuk keluarga seruling (termasuk peretas), shawm (ahli awal keluarga oboe), sangkakala, dan bagpipes. Organ paip mudah wujud, tetapi sebahagian besarnya terbatas kepada gereja-gereja, walaupun terdapat jenis mudah alih. Kemudian dalam tempoh itu, versi awal instrumen keyboard seperti clavichord dan harpsichord mula muncul. Instrumen-instrumen yang bertali seperti viol telah muncul pada abad ke-16, seperti mempunyai lebih banyak instrumen tembaga dan reed. Percetakan membolehkan penyeragaman penerangan dan spesifikasi instrumen, serta arahan penggunaannya. <> Rekod adalah sebahagian daripada keluarga angin apa? || keluarga seruling <> Sahwm adalah ahli keluarga awal apa alat? || oboe <> Di mana organ paip pertama terkurung? || gereja-gereja <> Apabila telah muncul biola? || abad ke-16 <> Apa yang membolehkan penerangan dan spesifikasi instrumen? || Percetakan", {"qas": [{"question": "The record is part of what wind family?", "id": "56f74466aef2371900625a6d", "answers": [{"text": "the flute family", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The sahwm was an early family member of what instrument?", "id": "56f74466aef2371900625a6e", "answers": [{"text": "the oboe", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the first pipe organs confined to?", "id": "56f74466aef2371900625a6f", "answers": [{"text": "churches", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When had the viol emerged by?", "id": "56f74466aef2371900625a70", "answers": [{"text": "the 16th century", "answer_start": 510}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What enabled descriptions and specification of instruments?", "id": "56f74466aef2371900625a71", "answers": [{"text": "Printing", "answer_start": 582}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Typical stringed instruments of the early period include the harp, lute, vielle, and psaltery, while wind instruments included the flute family (including recorder), shawm (an early member of the oboe family), trumpet, and the bagpipes. Simple pipe organs existed, but were largely confined to churches, although there were portable varieties. Later in the period, early versions of keyboard instruments like the clavichord and harpsichord began to appear. Stringed instruments such as the viol had emerged by the 16th century, as had a wider variety of brass and reed instruments. Printing enabled the standardization of descriptions and specifications of instruments, as well as instruction in their use."}], ["Keluarga instrumen yang digunakan, terutamanya dalam orkestra, berkembang. Pelbagai instrumen perkusi mula muncul. Instrumen tembaga mengambil peranan yang lebih besar, kerana pengenalan injap berputar membolehkan mereka memainkan pelbagai nota yang lebih luas. Saiz orkestra (biasanya sekitar 40 dalam era Klasik) berkembang menjadi lebih daripada 100. Contohnya, 1906 Symphony Gustav Mahler No. 8, telah dilakukan dengan lebih daripada 150 orang instrumentalis dan koor lebih dari 400. <> Berapa bilangan saiz orkestra berkembang menjadi? || 100 <> Saiz paduan apa yang telah dilakukan oleh 1906 Symphony Gustav Mahler No. 8? || lebih dari 400 <> Apa saiz orkestra telah melakukan Symphony No. 1906 oleh Gustav Mahler? || lebih dari 150 <> Apa yang membolehkan instrumen tembaga memainkan pelbagai nota yang lebih luas? || injap berputar <> Apa pelbagai instrumen tumbuh lebih luas? || perkusi", {"qas": [{"question": "To what number did the size of the orchestra grow to?", "id": "56f74dc0a6d7ea1400e1717c", "answers": [{"text": "100", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What size of choirs have performed Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8?", "id": "56f74dc0a6d7ea1400e1717d", "answers": [{"text": "over 400", "answer_start": 460}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What size orchestras have performed Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8?", "id": "56f74dc0a6d7ea1400e1717e", "answers": [{"text": "over 150", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What allowed Brass instruments to play a wider range of notes?", "id": "56f74dc0a6d7ea1400e1717f", "answers": [{"text": "rotary valves", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What array of instrument grew wider?", "id": "56f74dc0a6d7ea1400e17180", "answers": [{"text": "percussion", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The family of instruments used, especially in orchestras, grew. A wider array of percussion instruments began to appear. Brass instruments took on larger roles, as the introduction of rotary valves made it possible for them to play a wider range of notes. The size of the orchestra (typically around 40 in the Classical era) grew to be over 100. Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8, for example, has been performed with over 150 instrumentalists and choirs of over 400."}], ["Teori-teori yang mengelilingi perangai yang sama mula dimasukkan ke dalam amalan yang lebih luas, terutamanya kerana ia membolehkan kemungkinan kromatik yang lebih luas dalam instrumen papan kekunci keras. Walaupun Bach tidak menggunakan perangai yang sama, sebagai piano moden umumnya ditala, perubahan dalam temperamen dari sistem yang dimaksudkan, biasa pada masa itu, kepada pelbagai temperamen yang membuat modulasi antara semua kunci yang dapat diterima oleh muzik, menjadikan Bach's Clavier Well-Tempered. <> Apakah teori-teori mula diletakkan dalam amalan yang lebih luas? || perangai yang sama <> Apa bahaya yang sama membolehkan sukar untuk menyesuaikan instrumen keyboard? || pelbagai kemungkinan kromatik <> Apa yang tidak digunakan Bach? || perangai yang sama <> Sebuah piano moden pada umumnya apa? || ditala <> Sistem temperamen apa yang lazim semasa masa Bach? || Maksudnya", {"qas": [{"question": "What theories began to be put in wider practice?", "id": "56f74780aef2371900625a99", "answers": [{"text": "equal temperament", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does equal temperament enabled in hard to tune keyboard instruments?", "id": "56f74780aef2371900625a9a", "answers": [{"text": "a wider range of chromatic possibilities", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Bach not use?", "id": "56f74780aef2371900625a9b", "answers": [{"text": "equal temperament", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A modern piano is generally what?", "id": "56f74780aef2371900625a9c", "answers": [{"text": "tuned", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What system of temperaments was common during Bach's time?", "id": "56f74780aef2371900625a9d", "answers": [{"text": "meantone", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The theories surrounding equal temperament began to be put in wider practice, especially as it enabled a wider range of chromatic possibilities in hard-to-tune keyboard instruments. Although Bach did not use equal temperament, as a modern piano is generally tuned, changes in the temperaments from the meantone system, common at the time, to various temperaments that made modulation between all keys musically acceptable, made possible Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier."}], ["Muzik Baroque dicirikan oleh penggunaan titik pendengar yang kompleks dan penggunaan basso continuo, garis bass berterusan. Muzik menjadi lebih rumit berbanding dengan lagu-lagu yang lebih awal. Permulaan bentuk sonata terbentuk di canzona, seperti halnya pengertian tema dan variasi yang lebih formal. Tonalities utama dan kecil sebagai cara untuk menguruskan kekacauan dan kromatik dalam muzik mengambil bentuk penuh. <> Basso continuo dan komplek lagu yang rumit menonjolkan jenis muzik apa? || Baroque <> Apa arti basso continuo? || garis bass yang berterusan <> Apa muzik yang menjadi semasa era Baroque berbanding dengan tempoh yang lebih awal? || lebih rumit <> Apa bentuk mula terbentuk semasa era Baroque? || bentuk sonata <> Major dan kecil apa cara untuk menguruskan percanggahan dan kromatik? || tonalities", {"qas": [{"question": "Basso continuo and complex tonal counterpoint characterize what type of music? ", "id": "56f745b8a6d7ea1400e1712c", "answers": [{"text": "Baroque", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does basso continuo mean? ", "id": "56f745b8a6d7ea1400e1712d", "answers": [{"text": "a continuous bass line", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did music become during the Baroque era  in comparison with earlier periods?", "id": "56f745b8a6d7ea1400e1712e", "answers": [{"text": "more complex", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What form began to take shape during the Baroque era? ", "id": "56f745b8a6d7ea1400e1712f", "answers": [{"text": "the sonata form", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Major and minor what are means for managing dissonance and chromaticism?", "id": "56f745b8a6d7ea1400e17130", "answers": [{"text": "tonalities", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Baroque music is characterized by the use of complex tonal counterpoint and the use of a basso continuo, a continuous bass line. Music became more complex in comparison with the songs of earlier periods. The beginnings of the sonata form took shape in the canzona, as did a more formalized notion of theme and variations. The tonalities of major and minor as means for managing dissonance and chromaticism in music took full shape."}], ["Muzik era Romantik, dari kira-kira dekad pertama abad ke-19 hingga awal abad ke-20, dicirikan oleh peningkatan perhatian kepada garis melodi yang meluas, serta unsur-unsur ekspresif dan emosi, melambangkan romantisme dalam bentuk seni yang lain. Bentuk-bentuk muzik mula pecah dari bentuk-bentuk zaman klasik (walaupun seperti yang dikodifikasikan), dengan bentuk-bentuk bebas seperti nocturnes, fantasias, dan preludes ditulis di mana idea yang diterima tentang eksposisi dan perkembangan tema diabaikan atau diminimumkan. Muzik menjadi lebih kromatik, tidak disengaja, dan toner berwarna-warni, dengan ketegangan (berkenaan dengan norma-norma yang diterima dari bentuk yang lebih tua) mengenai tandatangan utama yang semakin meningkat. Lagu seni (atau berbohong) telah jatuh tempo dalam era ini, seperti skala epik opera besar, akhirnya melampaui kitaran Ring Richard Wagner. <> Peningkatan perhatian kepada garis melodi yang melambangkan ciri era? || Romantik <> Bilakah era Romantik berakhir? || awal abad ke-20 <> Bentuk bebas bentuk seperti nocturnes dan preludes adalah rehat dari era apa? || Klasik <> Ketegangan tentang apa yang meningkat semasa era Romantik? || tandatangan utama <> Apakah nama untuk lagu seni? || Berbohong", {"qas": [{"question": "Increased attention to extended melodic lines characterized what era?", "id": "56f74b3caef2371900625ac1", "answers": [{"text": "Romantic", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Romantic era end?", "id": "56f74b3caef2371900625ac2", "answers": [{"text": "the early 20th century", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Free-form pieces like nocturnes and preludes were a break from what era?", "id": "56f74b3caef2371900625ac3", "answers": [{"text": "Classical", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tensions about what increased during the Romantic era?", "id": "56f74b3caef2371900625ac4", "answers": [{"text": "key signatures", "answer_start": 672}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a name for an art song?", "id": "56f74b3caef2371900625ac5", "answers": [{"text": "Lied", "answer_start": 716}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The music of the Romantic era, from roughly the first decade of the 19th century to the early 20th century, was characterized by increased attention to an extended melodic line, as well as expressive and emotional elements, paralleling romanticism in other art forms. Musical forms began to break from the Classical era forms (even as those were being codified), with free-form pieces like nocturnes, fantasias, and preludes being written where accepted ideas about the exposition and development of themes were ignored or minimized. The music became more chromatic, dissonant, and tonally colorful, with tensions (with respect to accepted norms of the older forms) about key signatures increasing. The art song (or Lied) came to maturity in this era, as did the epic scales of grand opera, ultimately transcended by Richard Wagner's Ring cycle."}], ["Pada abad ke-19, institusi-institusi muzik muncul dari kawalan pelanggan yang kaya, kerana para komposer dan pemuzik dapat membina hidup bebas daripada bangsawan. Meningkatkan minat muzik oleh kelas menengah yang semakin meningkat di seluruh Eropah Barat mendorong penciptaan organisasi untuk pengajaran, persembahan, dan pemeliharaan muzik. Piano, yang mencapai pembinaannya moden di era ini (sebahagiannya disebabkan oleh kemajuan industri dalam metalurgi) menjadi popular dengan kelas pertengahan, yang menuntut instrumen itu mendorong banyak pembina piano. Banyak orkestra simfoni menubuhkan pendirian mereka pada era ini. Sesetengah pemuzik dan komposer adalah bintang pada hari itu; Ada pula, seperti Franz Liszt dan Niccol\u00f2 Paganini, memenuhi kedua-dua peranan. <> Siapa yang menguasai institusi muzik sebelum abad ke-19? || Para peniaga yang kaya <> Komposer dan pemuzik mula membina kehidupan yang bebas daripada apa yang berlaku pada abad ke-19? || golongan bangsawan <> kelas apa yang menaikkan minatnya dalam muzik pada abad ke-19? || kelas menengah <> Apa instrumen menjadi popular di kelas pertengahan pada abad ke-19? || Piano <> abad ke-19 menandakan asas banyak perkara? || orkestra simfoni", {"qas": [{"question": "Who controlled musical institutions before the 19th century?", "id": "56f74bfcaef2371900625acb", "answers": [{"text": "wealthy patrons", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Composers and musicians began to construct lives independent of what in the 19th century?", "id": "56f74bfcaef2371900625acc", "answers": [{"text": "the nobility", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What class increased it's interest in music during the 19th century?", "id": "56f74bfcaef2371900625acd", "answers": [{"text": "middle classes", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What instrument became widely popular in the middle class in the 19th century?", "id": "56f74bfcaef2371900625ace", "answers": [{"text": "The piano", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The 19th century marks the foundation of many what?", "id": "56f74bfcaef2371900625acf", "answers": [{"text": "symphony orchestras", "answer_start": 584}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 19th century, musical institutions emerged from the control of wealthy patrons, as composers and musicians could construct lives independent of the nobility. Increasing interest in music by the growing middle classes throughout western Europe spurred the creation of organizations for the teaching, performance, and preservation of music. The piano, which achieved its modern construction in this era (in part due to industrial advances in metallurgy) became widely popular with the middle class, whose demands for the instrument spurred a large number of piano builders. Many symphony orchestras date their founding to this era. Some musicians and composers were the stars of the day; some, like Franz Liszt and Niccol\u00f2 Paganini, fulfilled both roles."}], ["Masa klasik, dari sekitar 1750 hingga 1820, banyak norma komposisi, persembahan, dan gaya, dan juga ketika piano menjadi instrumen utama. Kekuatan asas yang diperlukan untuk orkestra menjadi agak tersendiri (walaupun mereka akan bertumbuh seiring dengan potensi beragam instrumen yang telah dibangunkan dalam abad-abad berikutnya). Muzik bilik berkembang untuk menyertakan seramai seramai 8 hingga 10 pemain. Opera terus berkembang, dengan gaya serantau di Itali, Perancis, dan tanah-tanah berbahasa Jerman. Opera buffa, bentuk komik opera, semakin popular. Simfoni itu muncul sendiri sebagai bentuk muzik, dan konserto itu dibangunkan sebagai kenderaan untuk memaparkan kemahiran bermain virtuoso. Orkestra tidak lagi memerlukan harpsichord (yang merupakan sebahagian daripada continuo tradisional dalam gaya Baroque), dan sering diketuai oleh pemain biola utama (kini dikenali sebagai konsertmaster). <> Kapan era klasik? || 1750 hingga 1820 <> Alat apa yang menjadi papan kekunci utama semasa era klasik? || piano <> Apa yang menjadi lebih standard semasa era klasik? || Daya asas yang diperlukan untuk orkestra <> Berapa banyak muscian, paling banyak, boleh membentuk ensemble ruang dalam tempoh klasik? || 10 <> Apa itu opera buffa? || bentuk komik opera", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Classical era?", "id": "56f74825aef2371900625aa3", "answers": [{"text": "1750 to 1820", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What instrument became the predominant keyboard during the classical era?", "id": "56f74825aef2371900625aa4", "answers": [{"text": "the piano", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What became more standardized during the classical era?", "id": "56f74825aef2371900625aa5", "answers": [{"text": "The basic forces required for an orchestra", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many muscians, at most, could make up a chamber ensemble during the classical period?", "id": "56f74825aef2371900625aa6", "answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 438}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an opera buffa?", "id": "56f74825aef2371900625aa7", "answers": [{"text": "a form of comic opera", "answer_start": 578}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Classical era, from about 1750 to 1820, established many of the norms of composition, presentation, and style, and was also when the piano became the predominant keyboard instrument. The basic forces required for an orchestra became somewhat standardized (although they would grow as the potential of a wider array of instruments was developed in the following centuries). Chamber music grew to include ensembles with as many as 8 to 10 performers for serenades. Opera continued to develop, with regional styles in Italy, France, and German-speaking lands. The opera buffa, a form of comic opera, rose in popularity. The symphony came into its own as a musical form, and the concerto was developed as a vehicle for displays of virtuoso playing skill. Orchestras no longer required a harpsichord (which had been part of the traditional continuo in the Baroque style), and were often led by the lead violinist (now called the concertmaster)."}], ["Semasa era Baroque, muzik keyboard dimainkan di harpsichord dan organ pipa menjadi semakin popular, dan keluarga biola alat musik berambut perang mengambil bentuk yang umumnya dilihat hari ini. Opera sebagai drama musikal yang dipentaskan mulai membezakan dirinya dari bentuk muzik dan dramatik yang terdahulu, dan bentuk suara seperti cantata dan oratorio menjadi lebih biasa. Vocalists mula menambah perhiasan untuk melodi. Konstruktif instrumental mula membezakan dan menyeragamkan dengan saiz, menimbulkan orkestra awal untuk penyiaran yang lebih besar, dengan muzik ruang yang ditulis untuk kumpulan kecil instrumen di mana bahagian-bahagian yang dimainkan oleh individu (bukan bergergaji) instrumen. Konser itu sebagai kenderaan untuk pertunjukan solo yang diiringi oleh orkestra menjadi tersebar luas, walaupun hubungan antara solois dan orkestra relatif sederhana. <> Muzik papan kekunci menjadi popular semasa era apa? || Baroque <> Keluarga biola adalah jenis instrumen apa? || bertali <> Opera mula membezakan dirinya dari bentuk sebelumnya sebagai apa? || drama musikal yang dipentaskan <> Apa yang menjadi lebih biasa semasa era Baroque? || bentuk vokal <> Apa vokalis menambah melodi yang bermula di era Baroque? || perhiasan", {"qas": [{"question": "Keyboard music became popular during what era?", "id": "56f7469ca6d7ea1400e17136", "answers": [{"text": "Baroque", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The violin family is what type of instrument?", "id": "56f7469ca6d7ea1400e17137", "answers": [{"text": "stringed", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Opera began to differentiate itself from earlier forms as what?", "id": "56f7469ca6d7ea1400e17138", "answers": [{"text": "staged musical drama", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What became more common during the Baroque era?", "id": "56f7469ca6d7ea1400e17139", "answers": [{"text": "vocal forms", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did vocalist add to melodies beginning in the Baroque era?", "id": "56f7469ca6d7ea1400e1713a", "answers": [{"text": "embellishments", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the Baroque era, keyboard music played on the harpsichord and pipe organ became increasingly popular, and the violin family of stringed instruments took the form generally seen today. Opera as a staged musical drama began to differentiate itself from earlier musical and dramatic forms, and vocal forms like the cantata and oratorio became more common. Vocalists began adding embellishments to melodies. Instrumental ensembles began to distinguish and standardize by size, giving rise to the early orchestra for larger ensembles, with chamber music being written for smaller groups of instruments where parts are played by individual (instead of massed) instruments. The concerto as a vehicle for solo performance accompanied by an orchestra became widespread, although the relationship between soloist and orchestra was relatively simple."}], ["Shawn Vancour berhujah bahawa pengkomersilan muzik klasik pada awal abad ke-20 berfungsi untuk merosakkan industri muzik melalui perwakilan yang tidak mencukupi. <> Apa yang merosakkan industri muzik pada abad ke-20 menurut Shawn Vancour? || pengkomersialan muzik klasik <> Siapa yang berpendapat bahawa pengkomersilan muzik klasik berbahaya kepada industri muzik? || Shawn Vancour <> Mengapa pengkomersilan muzik klasik membahayakan industri muzik mengikut Shawn Vancour? || perwakilan yang tidak mencukupi.", {"qas": [{"question": "What harmed the music industry in the 20th century according to Shawn Vancour?", "id": "56f7529fa6d7ea1400e171ae", "answers": [{"text": "the commercialization of classical music", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who argued that the commercialization of classical music was harmful to the music industry?", "id": "56f7529fa6d7ea1400e171af", "answers": [{"text": "Shawn Vancour", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why was the commercialization of classical music harmful to the music industry according the Shawn Vancour? ", "id": "56f7529fa6d7ea1400e171b0", "answers": [{"text": "inadequate representation.", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Shawn Vancour argues that the commercialization of classical music in the early 20th century served to harm the music industry through inadequate representation."}], ["Idea dan institusi budaya Eropah mula mengikuti pengembangan penjajah ke bahagian lain di dunia. Terdapat juga peningkatan, terutamanya pada penghujung era, nasionalisme dalam muzik (bergema, dalam beberapa kes, sentimen politik pada masa itu), sebagai penggubah seperti Edvard Grieg, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, dan Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k memuji muzik tradisional dari negara asal mereka dalam komposisi mereka. <> Apakah idea budaya Eropah mengikuti? || perkembangan kolonial <> Apa jenis muzik yang meningkat menjelang akhir era? || nasionalisme <> Apa kebangsaan dalam muzik kadang-kadang echo? || sentimen politik pada masa itu <> Edvard Grieg dan Antonin Dvorak menggunakan apa jenis muzik dalam komposisi mereka? || muzik tradisional negara asal mereka", {"qas": [{"question": "What did European cultural ideas follow?", "id": "56f74e42aef2371900625ae9", "answers": [{"text": "colonial expansion", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of music rose toward the end of the era?", "id": "56f74e42aef2371900625aea", "answers": [{"text": "nationalism", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did nationalism in music sometime echo?", "id": "56f74e42aef2371900625aeb", "answers": [{"text": "political sentiments of the time", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Edvard Grieg and Antonin Dvorak used what kind of music in their compositions?", "id": "56f74e42aef2371900625aec", "answers": [{"text": "traditional music of their homelands", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "European cultural ideas and institutions began to follow colonial expansion into other parts of the world. There was also a rise, especially toward the end of the era, of nationalism in music (echoing, in some cases, political sentiments of the time), as composers such as Edvard Grieg, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, and Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k echoed traditional music of their homelands in their compositions."}], ["Beberapa karya dari Zaman Keemasan Animasi disesuaikan dengan muzik klasik. Contoh-contoh penting ialah Fantasia Walt Disney, Johann Mouse Tom dan Jerry, dan Warner Bros. ' Arnab Seville dan Apa Opera, Doc ?. <> Bekerja dari Zaman Emas tindakan pertandingan muzik untuk apa? || muzik klasik <> Siapa yang menghasilkan Fantasia? || Walt Disney <> Siapa yang membintangi Johann Mouse? || Tom and Jerry <> Siapa yang menghasilkan Arnab Seville? || Warner Bros <> Siapa yang menghasilkan Opera Apa, Doc? || Warner Bros", {"qas": [{"question": "Works from the Golden Age of music matches action to what?", "id": "56f75316a6d7ea1400e171b4", "answers": [{"text": "classical music", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who produced Fantasia?", "id": "56f75316a6d7ea1400e171b5", "answers": [{"text": "Walt Disney", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who starred in Johann Mouse?", "id": "56f75316a6d7ea1400e171b6", "answers": [{"text": "Tom and Jerry", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who produced Rabbit of Seville?", "id": "56f75316a6d7ea1400e171b7", "answers": [{"text": "Warner Bros", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who produced What's Opera, Doc?", "id": "56f75316a6d7ea1400e171b8", "answers": [{"text": "Warner Bros", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Several works from the Golden Age of Animation matched the action to classical music. Notable examples are Walt Disney's Fantasia, Tom and Jerry's Johann Mouse, and Warner Bros.' Rabbit of Seville and What's Opera, Doc?."}], ["Walau bagaimanapun, skor yang ditulis biasanya tidak mengandungi petunjuk eksplisit mengenai bagaimana mentafsirkan bahagian dari segi pengeluaran atau prestasi, selain dari arahan untuk dinamik, tempo dan ungkapan (setakat tertentu). Ini dibiarkan mengikut budi bicara para penghibur, yang berpandukan pengalaman peribadi mereka dan pendidikan muzik, pengetahuan tentang idiom kerja, cita rasa peribadi mereka, dan amalan prestasi bersejarah yang terkumpul. <> Apakah skor yang ditulis biasanya tidak jelas? || arahan <> Tafsiran skor bertulis yang tinggal kepada siapa? || Penghibur <> Pelaku boleh menggunakan pengetahuan mereka tentang apa yang dapat membantu menafsirkan skor bertulis? || idiom kerja", {"qas": [{"question": "What does the written score not usually contain explicitly? ", "id": "56f7558fa6d7ea1400e171ce", "answers": [{"text": "instructions", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Interpretations of written score is left to whom?", "id": "56f7558fa6d7ea1400e171cf", "answers": [{"text": "performers", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Performers can use their knowledge of what to help interpret a written score?", "id": "56f7558fa6d7ea1400e171d0", "answers": [{"text": "the work's idiom", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The written score, however, does not usually contain explicit instructions as to how to interpret the piece in terms of production or performance, apart from directions for dynamics, tempo and expression (to a certain extent). This is left to the discretion of the performers, who are guided by their personal experience and musical education, their knowledge of the work's idiom, their personal artistic tastes, and the accumulated body of historic performance practices."}], ["Begitu juga, filem dan televisyen sering dikembalikan kepada piawaian, muzik klasik untuk menyampaikan kecemerlangan atau kemewahan: beberapa bahagian yang paling sering didengar dalam kategori ini termasuk Bach's Cello Suite No. 1, Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik, Four Seasons Vivaldi , Malam Mussorgsky di Gunung Botak (seperti yang dirancang oleh Rimsky-Korsakov), dan William Tell The Overture. <> Apa muzik klasik menyampaikan dalam filem dan televisyen? || penambahbaikan atau kemewahan <> Apa yang digunakan oleh Vivaldi sebagai klise untuk menyampaikan kemewahan? || Four Seasons <> Apa bahagian oleh Mozart digunakan sebagai klise untuk menyampaikan penghalusan? || Eine kleine Nachtmusik <> Siapa yang menulis William Tell Overture? || Rossini <> Siapa yang menulis Malam di Gunung Botak? || Mussorgsky", {"qas": [{"question": "What does classical music convey in movies and television?", "id": "56f75395aef2371900625b1b", "answers": [{"text": "refinement or opulence", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What piece by Vivaldi is used as a cliche to convey opulence?", "id": "56f75395aef2371900625b1c", "answers": [{"text": "Four Seasons", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What piece by Mozart is used as a cliche to convey refinement?", "id": "56f75395aef2371900625b1d", "answers": [{"text": "Eine kleine Nachtmusik", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote William Tell Overture?", "id": "56f75395aef2371900625b1e", "answers": [{"text": "Rossini", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote Night on Bald Mountain?", "id": "56f75395aef2371900625b1f", "answers": [{"text": "Mussorgsky", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Similarly, movies and television often revert to standard, clich\u00e9d snatches of classical music to convey refinement or opulence: some of the most-often heard pieces in this category include Bach\u00b4s Cello Suite No. 1, Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik, Vivaldi's Four Seasons, Mussorgsky's Night on Bald Mountain (as orchestrated by Rimsky-Korsakov), and Rossini's William Tell Overture."}], ["Pandangan modernis berpendapat bahawa muzik klasik dianggap sebagai tradisi muzik bertulis, dipelihara dalam notasi muzik, berbanding dengan yang dipancarkan secara lisan, oleh suara, atau oleh rakaman persembahan tertentu. [Rujukan?] Walaupun terdapat perbezaan di antara persembahan tertentu kerja klasik, sepotong muzik klasik biasanya diadakan untuk melampaui sebarang tafsirannya. Penggunaan notasi muzik adalah kaedah yang berkesan untuk menghantar muzik klasik, kerana muzik bertulis mengandungi arahan teknikal untuk melaksanakan kerja. <> Jenis pandangan apakah muzik klasik adalah muzik tradisional? || moden <> notasi muzik berkesan untuk apa? || menghantar muzik klasik <> Mengapa notasi muzik bertulis berkesan? || mengandungi arahan teknikal untuk melaksanakan kerja", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of view is that classical music is primarily written musical tradition?", "id": "56f75071aef2371900625afb", "answers": [{"text": "modernist", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Musical notation is effective for what?", "id": "56f75071aef2371900625afc", "answers": [{"text": "transmitting classical music", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why is written musical notation effective? ", "id": "56f75071aef2371900625afd", "answers": [{"text": "contains the technical instructions for performing the work", "answer_start": 513}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The modernist views hold that classical music is considered primarily a written musical tradition, preserved in music notation, as opposed to being transmitted orally, by rote, or by recordings of particular performances.[citation needed] While there are differences between particular performances of a classical work, a piece of classical music is generally held to transcend any interpretation of it. The use of musical notation is an effective method for transmitting classical music, since the written music contains the technical instructions for performing the work."}], ["Merangkumi pelbagai gaya pasca-Romantik yang disusun melalui tahun 2000, muzik klasik abad ke-20 termasuk gaya komposisi gaya romantis, moden, tinggi, moden dan postmodern. Modernisme (1890-1930) menandakan era apabila banyak komposer menolak nilai-nilai tertentu dalam tempoh amalan biasa, seperti tonaliti, melodi, instrumentasi, dan struktur tradisional. Masa yang moden ini menyaksikan kemunculan muzik neo-klasik dan siri. Beberapa pihak berkuasa telah mendakwa modenisme tinggi sebagai permulaan muzik postmodern dari tahun 1930. Yang lain pula mempunyai muzik postmodern yang lebih kurang sama dengan \"muzik kontemporari\" yang terdiri dari abad ke-20 lewat hingga awal abad ke-21. <> Apa gaya muzik klasik abad ke 20 merangkumi? || post-romance <> Kapan modenisme berlaku? || 1890-1930 <> Komposer menolak tradisi tempoh amalan biasa dalam era apa? || Modernisme <> Muzik neo-klasik muncul pada era apa? || era moden yang tinggi <> Muzik Postmodern juga tahu apa? || muzik kontemporari", {"qas": [{"question": "What style does 20th century classical music encompass?", "id": "56f74f1ba6d7ea1400e17186", "answers": [{"text": "post-Romantic", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did modernism take place?", "id": "56f74f1ba6d7ea1400e17187", "answers": [{"text": "1890\u20131930", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Composers rejected the traditions of the common practice period during what era?", "id": "56f74f1ba6d7ea1400e17188", "answers": [{"text": "Modernism", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Neo-classical music emerged during what era?", "id": "56f74f1ba6d7ea1400e17189", "answers": [{"text": "high-modern era", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Postmodern music is also know as what?", "id": "56f74f1ba6d7ea1400e1718a", "answers": [{"text": "contemporary music", "answer_start": 610}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Encompassing a wide variety of post-Romantic styles composed through the year 2000, 20th century classical music includes late romantic, modern, high-modern, and postmodern styles of composition. Modernism (1890\u20131930) marked an era when many composers rejected certain values of the common practice period, such as traditional tonality, melody, instrumentation, and structure. The high-modern era saw the emergence of neo-classical and serial music. A few authorities have claimed high-modernism as the beginning of postmodern music from about 1930. Others have more or less equated postmodern music with the \"contemporary music\" composed from the late 20th century through to the early 21st century."}], ["Pada tahun 1996-1997, satu kajian penyelidikan telah dijalankan ke atas seorang pelajar sekolah menengah yang besar di Cherry Creek School District di Denver, Colorado, Amerika Syarikat. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa pelajar yang secara aktif mendengar muzik klasik sebelum belajar mempunyai skor akademik yang lebih tinggi. Penyelidikan selanjutnya menunjukkan bahawa pelajar yang mendengarkan muzik sebelum peperiksaan juga mempunyai skor pencapaian yang positif. Pelajar yang mendengar rock-and-roll atau negara mempunyai markah yang agak rendah. Kajian selanjutnya menunjukkan bahawa pelajar yang menggunakan kelas klasik semasa pengajian mempunyai lonjakan signifikan dalam prestasi akademik mereka; sedangkan mereka yang mendengarkan muzik jenis lain telah menurunkan markah akademik dengan ketara. Penyelidikan ini telah dijalankan di beberapa sekolah di Daerah Sekolah Cherry Creek dan telah dijalankan melalui University of Colorado. Kajian ini mencerminkan beberapa kajian baru-baru ini (iaitu Mike Manthei dan Steve N. Kelly dari Universiti Nebraska di Omaha, Donald A. Hodges dan Debra S. O'Connell dari University of North Carolina di Greensboro; dan lain-lain) dan lain-lain yang mempunyai hasil yang signifikan melalui wacana kerja mereka. <> Adakah pelajar yang aktif mendengar muzik klasik sebelum belajar mempunyai markah lebih tinggi atau lebih rendah? || lebih tinggi <> Apa yang berlaku kepada banyak pelajar yang mendengarkan rock dan roll atau negara? || cukup rendah <> Siapa yang mengalami lonjakan penting dalam prestasi akademik mereka? || pelajar yang menggunakan kelas semasa pengajian <> Siapa yang menjalankan kajian penyelidikan? || University of Colorado <> Berapa tahun kajian dilakukan? || 1996-1997", {"qas": [{"question": "Did student who actively listen to classical music before studying have higher or lower scores?", "id": "56f7515faef2371900625b01", "answers": [{"text": "higher", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened to the scores of students who listened to rock and roll or country?", "id": "56f7515faef2371900625b02", "answers": [{"text": "moderately lower", "answer_start": 464}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who experience a significant leap in their academic performance?", "id": "56f7515faef2371900625b03", "answers": [{"text": "students who used classical during the course of study", "answer_start": 522}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who conducted the research study?", "id": "56f7515faef2371900625b04", "answers": [{"text": "University of Colorado", "answer_start": 840}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What years was the study conducted in?", "id": "56f7515faef2371900625b05", "answers": [{"text": "1996\u20131997", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1996\u20131997, a research study was conducted on a large population of middle age students in the Cherry Creek School District in Denver, Colorado, USA. The study showed that students who actively listen to classical music before studying had higher academic scores. The research further indicated that students who listened to the music prior to an examination also had positively elevated achievement scores. Students who listened to rock-and-roll or country had moderately lower scores. The study further indicated that students who used classical during the course of study had a significant leap in their academic performance; whereas, those who listened to other types of music had significantly lowered academic scores. The research was conducted over several schools within the Cherry Creek School District and was conducted through University of Colorado. This study is reflective of several recent studies (i.e. Mike Manthei and Steve N. Kelly of the University of Nebraska at Omaha; Donald A. Hodges and Debra S. O'Connell of the University of North Carolina at Greensboro; etc.) and others who had significant results through the discourse of their work."}], ["Semasa tahun 1990-an, beberapa kertas penyelidikan dan buku-buku popular menulis tentang apa yang dinamakan \"kesan Mozart\": pemeringkatan skor sementara sementara kecil pada ujian-ujian tertentu sebagai hasil daripada kerja-kerja Mozart. Pendekatan itu telah dipopulerkan dalam sebuah buku oleh Don Campbell, dan didasarkan pada eksperimen yang diterbitkan di Alam menunjukkan bahawa mendengar Mozart sementara meningkatkan IQ pelajar dengan 8 hingga 9 mata. Versi popularized teori itu dinyatakan dengan ringkas oleh kolumnis muzik New York Times Alex Ross: \"penyelidik ... telah menentukan bahawa mendengar Mozart sebenarnya membuat anda lebih bijak.\" Promoter memasarkan CD yang didakwa mendorong kesannya. Florida meluluskan undang-undang yang mengharuskan kanak-kanak di sekolah negeri untuk mendengar muzik klasik setiap hari, dan pada tahun 1998, gubernur Georgia menganggarkan $ 105,000 setahun untuk menyediakan setiap kanak-kanak yang lahir di Georgia dengan pita atau CD muzik klasik. Salah satu pengarang bersama kajian asal kesan Mozart berkomentar \"Saya tidak fikir ia boleh menyakiti saya untuk mendedahkan kanak-kanak kepada pengalaman budaya yang hebat Tetapi saya fikir wang itu boleh dibelanjakan dengan lebih baik pada pendidikan muzik program. \" <> Komposer mana yang mempunyai kesan dinamakan selepasnya? || Mozart <> Siapa yang menulis buku mengenai kesan Mozart? || Don Campbell <> Dimana percubaan asalnya diterbitkan? || Sifat <> Berapa banyak mata IQ dari pelajar 'apakah kesan Mozart meningkatkan sementara? || 8 hingga 9 mata <> Berapa anggaran belanjawan Georgia setiap tahun untuk menyediakan setiap kanak-kanak dengan CD muzik klasik? || $ 105,000", {"qas": [{"question": "Which composer had an effect named after him?", "id": "56f7522ea6d7ea1400e171a4", "answers": [{"text": "Mozart", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote a book on the Mozart effect?", "id": "56f7522ea6d7ea1400e171a5", "answers": [{"text": "Don Campbell", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the experiment originally published?", "id": "56f7522ea6d7ea1400e171a6", "answers": [{"text": "Nature", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many IQ points of a students' does the Mozart effect temporarily boost?", "id": "56f7522ea6d7ea1400e171a7", "answers": [{"text": "8 to 9 points", "answer_start": 406}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did the Governor of Georgia budget per year to provide every child with a CD of classical music?", "id": "56f7522ea6d7ea1400e171a8", "answers": [{"text": "$105,000", "answer_start": 819}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the 1990s, several research papers and popular books wrote on what came to be called the \"Mozart effect\": an observed temporary, small elevation of scores on certain tests as a result of listening to Mozart's works. The approach has been popularized in a book by Don Campbell, and is based on an experiment published in Nature suggesting that listening to Mozart temporarily boosted students' IQ by 8 to 9 points. This popularized version of the theory was expressed succinctly by the New York Times music columnist Alex Ross: \"researchers... have determined that listening to Mozart actually makes you smarter.\" Promoters marketed CDs claimed to induce the effect. Florida passed a law requiring toddlers in state-run schools to listen to classical music every day, and in 1998 the governor of Georgia budgeted $105,000 per year to provide every child born in Georgia with a tape or CD of classical music. One of the co-authors of the original studies of the Mozart effect commented \"I don't think it can hurt. I'm all for exposing children to wonderful cultural experiences. But I do think the money could be better spent on music education programs.\""}], ["Hampir semua komposer yang digambarkan dalam buku muzik muzik muzik klasik dan karya yang banyak dilakukan sebagai sebahagian daripada himpunan konsert standard adalah komposer lelaki, walaupun terdapat sejumlah besar komposer wanita sepanjang tempoh muzik klasik. Ahli muzik ahli muzik Marcia Citron telah meminta \"[w] hy adalah muzik yang disusun oleh wanita yang begitu kecil untuk repertoir standard 'klasik'?\" Citron \"meneliti amalan dan sikap yang telah menyebabkan pengecualian komposer wanita daripada 'canon' yang diterima karya muzik yang dilakukan.\" Dia berpendapat bahawa pada tahun 1800-an, para komposer wanita biasanya menulis lagu-lagu seni untuk persembahan dalam pembacaan kecil dan bukannya simfoni yang bertujuan untuk mempersembahkan orkestra di sebuah dewan besar, dengan karya-karya yang terakhir dilihat sebagai genre yang paling penting untuk para penggubah; kerana komposer wanita tidak menulis banyak simfoni, mereka dianggap tidak terkenal sebagai pengarang. Dalam \"... Concise Oxford History of Music, Clara Shumann [sic] adalah salah satu daripada komposer wanita [sic] yang disebutkan.\" Abbey Philips menyatakan bahawa \"[d] mengelilingi abad ke-20, wanita-wanita yang menyusun / bermain mendapat kurang perhatian daripada rakan-rakan lelaki mereka.\" <> Apa jantina yang paling komposer yang diterangkan dalam buku teks muzik? || lelaki <> Siapa yang bertanya mengapa muzik yang disusun oleh wanita begitu kecil ke repertoir standard 'klasik'? || Ahli muzik ahli muzik Marcia Citron <> Kenapa komposer wanita dianggap tidak ketara? || tidak menulis banyak simfoni <> Siapakah salah satu daripada komposer wanita yang disebutkan? || Clara Shumann <> Apa jenis muzik yang biasanya dibuat oleh komposer wanita? || lagu seni", {"qas": [{"question": "What gender are most composers described in music textbooks?", "id": "56f74ffbaef2371900625af1", "answers": [{"text": "male", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who asked why is music composed by women so marginal to the standard 'classical' repertoire?", "id": "56f74ffbaef2371900625af2", "answers": [{"text": "Musicologist Marcia Citron", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why were women composers deemed not notable?", "id": "56f74ffbaef2371900625af3", "answers": [{"text": "did not write many symphonies", "answer_start": 845}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is one of the only female composers mentioned?", "id": "56f74ffbaef2371900625af4", "answers": [{"text": "Clara Shumann", "answer_start": 969}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of music did women composers typically write?", "id": "56f74ffbaef2371900625af5", "answers": [{"text": "art songs", "answer_start": 620}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Almost all of the composers who are described in music textbooks on classical music and whose works are widely performed as part of the standard concert repertoire are male composers, even though there has been a large number of women composers throughout the classical music period. Musicologist Marcia Citron has asked \"[w]hy is music composed by women so marginal to the standard 'classical' repertoire?\" Citron \"examines the practices and attitudes that have led to the exclusion of women composers from the received 'canon' of performed musical works.\" She argues that in the 1800s, women composers typically wrote art songs for performance in small recitals rather than symphonies intended for performance with an orchestra in a large hall, with the latter works being seen as the most important genre for composers; since women composers did not write many symphonies, they were deemed to be not notable as composers. In the \"...Concise Oxford History of Music, Clara Shumann  [sic] is one of the only  [sic] female composers mentioned.\" Abbey Philips states that \"[d]uring the 20th century the women who were composing/playing gained far less attention than their male counterparts.\""}], ["Komposer muzik klasik sering menggunakan muzik rakyat (muzik yang dicipta oleh pemuzik yang biasanya tidak dilatih secara klasik, biasanya dari tradisi murni). Sesetengah komposer, seperti Dvo\u0159\u00e1k dan Smetana, telah menggunakan tema rakyat untuk memberikan rasa nasionalis kepada kerja mereka, sementara yang lain seperti Bart\u00f3k telah menggunakan tema tertentu yang ditarik sepenuhnya dari asal-usul muzik rakyat mereka. <> Pemuzik rakyat tidak biasa apa? || Muzik terlatih <> Muzik apa yang berasal dari orang-orang yang biasa dilatih oleh tradisi lisan? || muzik rakyat <> Dovrak telah menggunakan apa jenis tema untuk memberikan rasa kebangsaan? || orang yang menggunakan tema tertentu yang ditarik dari muzik rakyat? || Bart\u00f3k", {"qas": [{"question": "Folk musicians are not commonly what?", "id": "56f7596ca6d7ea1400e171f0", "answers": [{"text": "classically trained", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What music comes from those commonly trained by oral tradition?", "id": "56f7596ca6d7ea1400e171f1", "answers": [{"text": "folk music", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dovrak has used what type of themes to impart a nationalist flavor?", "id": "56f7596ca6d7ea1400e171f2", "answers": [{"text": "folk", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who used specific themes lifted from folk-music?", "id": "56f7596ca6d7ea1400e171f3", "answers": [{"text": "Bart\u00f3k", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Composers of classical music have often made use of folk music (music created by musicians who are commonly not classically trained, often from a purely oral tradition). Some composers, like Dvo\u0159\u00e1k and Smetana, have used folk themes to impart a nationalist flavor to their work, while others like Bart\u00f3k have used specific themes lifted whole from their folk-music origins."}], ["Banyak contoh menunjukkan pengaruh dalam arah yang bertentangan, termasuk lagu-lagu popular berdasarkan muzik klasik, penggunaan yang mana Canon Pachelbel telah diletakkan sejak tahun 1970-an, dan fenomena crossover muzik, di mana ahli-ahli muzik klasik telah berjaya dalam arena muzik popular. Dalam logam berat, beberapa pemain gitar utama (bermain gitar elektrik) memodelkan gaya bermain mereka di Baroque atau era instrumental era klasik, termasuk Ritchie Blackmore dan Randy Rhoads. <> Pachelbel Canon telah mempengaruhi lagu-lagu popular sejak dekad apa? || 1970-an <> Fenomena apa yang melihat ahli muzik klasik mencapai kejayaan dalam muzik popular? || fenomena crossover muzik <> Baroque atau pengaruh era klasik boleh dilihat dalam gaya muzik moden? || logam berat <> Ritchie Blackmore dan Randy Rhoads memainkan instrumen apa? || gitar elektrik", {"qas": [{"question": "Pachelbel's Canon has influenced popular songs since what decade?", "id": "56f7607aa6d7ea1400e17220", "answers": [{"text": "the 1970s", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What phenomenon sees classical musicians achieving success in popular music?", "id": "56f7607aa6d7ea1400e17221", "answers": [{"text": "the musical crossover phenomenon", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Baroque or Classical era influence can be seen in what modern musical style?", "id": "56f7607aa6d7ea1400e17222", "answers": [{"text": "heavy metal", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Ritchie Blackmore and Randy Rhoads play what instrument?", "id": "56f7607aa6d7ea1400e17223", "answers": [{"text": "electric guitar", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Numerous examples show influence in the opposite direction, including popular songs based on classical music, the use to which Pachelbel's Canon has been put since the 1970s, and the musical crossover phenomenon, where classical musicians have achieved success in the popular music arena. In heavy metal, a number of lead guitarists (playing electric guitar) modeled their playing styles on Baroque or Classical era instrumental music, including Ritchie Blackmore and Randy Rhoads."}], ["Muzik klasik sering memasukkan elemen atau bahan dari muzik popular masa komposer. Contoh-contoh termasuk muzik sesekali seperti penggunaan Brahms 'lagu pelajar dalam Festival Overture Akademik, genre yang dicontohkan oleh The Threepenny Opera Kurt Weill, dan pengaruh jazz pada komposer awal dan pertengahan abad ke-20 termasuk Maurice Ravel, yang dicontohkan oleh gerakan berjudul \"Blues\" dalam sonatanya untuk biola dan piano. Komposisi klasik postmodern, minimalis dan postminimalist klasik mengakui hutang kepada muzik popular. <> Muzik popular dari masa komposer telah dimasukkan ke dalam apa? || Muzik Klasik <> Apa yang kadang-kadang digunakan oleh Brahms dalam Festival Overture Akademiknya? || pelajar minum lagu <> Apa jenis muzik yang dipengaruhi oleh Maurice Ravel? || jazz <> Siapa yang menulis Opera Threepenny? || Kurt Weill <> Apa jenis muzik yang komposer tertentu mengakui hutang? || popular", {"qas": [{"question": "Popular music from the composer's time was incorporation into what?", "id": "56f75e42aef2371900625b5d", "answers": [{"text": "Classical music", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Brahms sometimes use in his Academic Festival Overture?", "id": "56f75e42aef2371900625b5e", "answers": [{"text": "student drinking songs", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of music was Maurice Ravel influenced by?", "id": "56f75e42aef2371900625b5f", "answers": [{"text": "jazz", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote The Threepenny Opera?", "id": "56f75e42aef2371900625b60", "answers": [{"text": "Kurt Weill", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of music do certain composers acknowledge a debt to?", "id": "56f75e42aef2371900625b61", "answers": [{"text": "popular", "answer_start": 540}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Classical music has often incorporated elements or material from popular music of the composer's time. Examples include occasional music such as Brahms' use of student drinking songs in his Academic Festival Overture, genres exemplified by Kurt Weill's The Threepenny Opera, and the influence of jazz on early- and mid-20th-century composers including Maurice Ravel, exemplified by the movement entitled \"Blues\" in his sonata for violin and piano. Certain postmodern, minimalist and postminimalist classical composers acknowledge a debt to popular music."}], ["Sesetengah pengkritik menyatakan pendapat bahawa hanya dari pertengahan abad ke-19, dan terutama pada abad ke-20, skor itu mula memegang begitu penting. Sebelum ini, penambahbaikan (dalam preludes, cadenzas dan perhiasan), fleksibiliti berirama (mis., Tempo rubato), penyelewengan penentu dari skor dan tradisi lisan bermain adalah penting untuk gaya. Namun pada abad ke-20, tradisi oral dan penyebaran ciri-ciri gaya dalam muzik klasik hilang. Sebaliknya, pemuzik cenderung menggunakan hanya skor untuk memainkan muzik. Namun, walaupun dengan skor yang memberikan unsur-unsur utama muzik, ada kontroversi yang besar tentang bagaimana untuk melaksanakan karya-karya tersebut. Beberapa kontroversi ini berkaitan dengan hakikat bahawa pendekatan berpusatkan skor ini telah membawa kepada persembahan yang menekankan rentetan irama blok secara ketat (sama seperti muzik ditekankan dalam skor). <> Penambahbaikan adalah penting sebelum mengambil apa yang penting? || skor <> Bilakah tradisi lisan hilang? || abad ke-20 <> Masih ada kontroversi tentang cara melaksanakan kerja, walaupun skor memberikan apa? || unsur utama muzik <> Pendekatan skor-sentris tegas menekankan apa? || blok-irama", {"qas": [{"question": "Improvisation is integral before what took a high significance?", "id": "56f756c6a6d7ea1400e171d4", "answers": [{"text": "the score", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did oral tradition disappear?", "id": "56f756c6a6d7ea1400e171d5", "answers": [{"text": "the 20th century", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "There is still controversy about how to perform works, even though scores provide what?", "id": "56f756c6a6d7ea1400e171d6", "answers": [{"text": "key elements of the music", "answer_start": 589}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A score-centric approach strictly emphasizes what?", "id": "56f756c6a6d7ea1400e171d7", "answers": [{"text": "block-rhythms", "answer_start": 817}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some critics express the opinion that it is only from the mid-19th century, and especially in the 20th century, that the score began to hold such a high significance. Previously, improvisation (in preludes, cadenzas and ornaments), rhythmic flexibility (e.g., tempo rubato), improvisatory deviation from the score and oral tradition of playing was integral to the style. Yet in the 20th century, this oral tradition and passing on of stylistic features within classical music disappeared. Instead, musicians tend to use just the score to play music. Yet, even with the score providing the key elements of the music, there is considerable controversy about how to perform the works. Some of this controversy relates to the fact that this score-centric approach has led to performances that emphasize metrically strict block-rhythms (just as the music is notated in the score)."}], ["Keutamaan skor bertulis komposer juga telah diterajui, hari ini, kepada peranan yang agak kecil yang dimainkan oleh improvisasi dalam muzik klasik, jauh berbeza dengan amalan pemuzik yang hidup semasa era barok, klasik dan romantis. Penambahbaikan dalam persembahan muzik klasik adalah biasa semasa zaman Baroque dan awal romantis, namun berkurangan dengan kuat pada pertengahan kedua abad ke-19 dan pada abad ke-20. Semasa era klasik, Mozart dan Beethoven sering membuat improvisasi cadenzas pada konsert piano mereka (dan dengan itu menggalakkan orang lain untuk berbuat demikian), tetapi mereka juga menyediakan cadenzas bertulis untuk digunakan oleh pemain solo lain. Dalam opera, amalan nyanyian secara tegas oleh skor, iaitu datang scritto, telah terkenal disebarkan oleh soprano Maria Callas, yang memanggil 'persaudaraan' amalan ini dan tersirat bahawa ia membolehkan niat komposer difahami dengan lebih baik, terutamanya semasa mengkaji muzik buat kali pertama. <> Kapan penambahbaikan dalam prestasi muzik klasik biasa? || Baroque dan zaman romantis awal <> Bilakah improvisasi mula berkurangan dengan kuat? || separuh kedua abad ke-19 dan pada abad ke-20 <> Apa bahagian yang Mozart dan Beethoven sering membuat persediaan? || the cadenzas untuk konsert piano mereka <> Apa nama untuk amalan nyanyian dengan ketat oleh skor dalam opera? || datang scritto <> Siapa yang sangat ome scritto? || soprano Maria Callas", {"qas": [{"question": "When was improvisation in classical music performance common?", "id": "56f75c11a6d7ea1400e17202", "answers": [{"text": "the Baroque and early romantic eras", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did improvisation begin to lessened strongly?", "id": "56f75c11a6d7ea1400e17203", "answers": [{"text": "the second half of the 19th and in the 20th centuries", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part did Mozart and Beethoven often improvise?", "id": "56f75c11a6d7ea1400e17204", "answers": [{"text": "the cadenzas to their piano concertos", "answer_start": 494}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name for the practice of singing strictly by the score in opera?", "id": "56f75c11a6d7ea1400e17205", "answers": [{"text": "come scritto", "answer_start": 703}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who strongly supposed ome scritto?", "id": "56f75c11a6d7ea1400e17206", "answers": [{"text": "soprano Maria Callas", "answer_start": 744}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The primacy of the composer's written score has also led, today, to a relatively minor role played by improvisation in classical music, in sharp contrast to the practice of musicians who lived during the baroque, classical and romantic era. Improvisation in classical music performance was common during both the Baroque and early romantic eras, yet lessened strongly during the second half of the 19th and in the 20th centuries. During the classical era, Mozart and Beethoven often improvised the cadenzas to their piano concertos (and thereby encouraged others to do so), but they also provided written cadenzas for use by other soloists. In opera, the practice of singing strictly by the score, i.e. come scritto, was famously propagated by soprano Maria Callas, who called this practice 'straitjacketing' and implied that it allows the intention of the composer to be understood better, especially during studying the music for the first time."}], ["Stail tertentu muzik klasik sering digunakan secara komersil (sama ada dalam iklan atau dalam soundtrack filem). Dalam iklan televisyen, beberapa petikan telah menjadi tajam, terutamanya pembukaan Richard Strauss 'Juga melancarkan Zarathustra (terkenal dalam filem 2001: A Space Odyssey) dan bahagian pembukaan \"O Fortuna\" dari Carl Orff's Carmina Burana, yang sering digunakan dalam genre seram; contoh lain termasuk Dies Irae dari Verdi Requiem, Edvard Grieg di Hall of the Mountain King dari Peer Gynt, bar pembukaan Beethoven's Symphony No. 5, Wagner's Ride of the Valkyries dari Die Walk\u00fcre, Rimsky-Korsakov's Flight of the Bumblebee , dan petikan dari Rodeo Aaron Copland. <> Bagaimanakah staple muzik klasik sering digunakan? || komersil <> iklan TV menggunakan Richard Strauss 'Juga pecut Zarathustra kini telah menjadi apa? || clich\u00e9d <> Apa bahagian yang sering digunakan dalam genre seram? || \"O Fortuna\" dari Carl Orff's Carmina Burana <> Siapa menulis Ride of the Valkyries? || Wagner <> Siapa yang menulis di Dewan Raja Gunung? || Edvard Grieg", {"qas": [{"question": "How are staples of classical music often used?", "id": "56f758d1aef2371900625b2f", "answers": [{"text": "commercially", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "TV commercials using Richard Strauss' Also sprach Zarathustra have now become what?", "id": "56f758d1aef2371900625b30", "answers": [{"text": "clich\u00e9d", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What piece is often used in the horror genre?", "id": "56f758d1aef2371900625b31", "answers": [{"text": "\"O Fortuna\" of Carl Orff's Carmina Burana", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote Ride of the Valkyries?", "id": "56f758d1aef2371900625b32", "answers": [{"text": "Wagner", "answer_start": 566}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote in the Hall of the Mountain King?", "id": "56f758d1aef2371900625b33", "answers": [{"text": "Edvard Grieg", "answer_start": 454}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Certain staples of classical music are often used commercially (either in advertising or in movie soundtracks). In television commercials, several passages have become clich\u00e9d, particularly the opening of Richard Strauss' Also sprach Zarathustra (made famous in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey) and the opening section \"O Fortuna\" of Carl Orff's Carmina Burana, often used in the horror genre; other examples include the Dies Irae from the Verdi Requiem, Edvard Grieg's In the Hall of the Mountain King from Peer Gynt, the opening bars of Beethoven's Symphony No. 5, Wagner's Ride of the Valkyries from Die Walk\u00fcre, Rimsky-Korsakov's Flight of the Bumblebee, and excerpts of Aaron Copland's Rodeo."}], ["Penulisan bertulisnya, bersama dengan penghormatan yang diberikan kepada karya-karya klasik tertentu, telah membawa kepada jangkaan bahawa para pelukis akan memainkan suatu karya dengan cara yang menyedari secara terperinci maksud asli komposer. Sepanjang abad ke-19, butiran bahawa komposer yang dimasukkan ke dalam markah mereka secara amnya meningkat. Walau bagaimanapun trend yang berlainan-kekaguman penghibur untuk \"tafsiran\" baru karya komposer-boleh dilihat, dan tidak diketahui oleh komposer untuk memuji pelaku untuk mencapai kesedaran yang lebih baik maksud asal daripada komposer yang dapat membayangkan . Oleh itu, pengarang klasik sering mencapai reputasi yang tinggi untuk pemuzik mereka, walaupun mereka tidak mengarang diri mereka sendiri. Walau bagaimanapun, secara umum, komposer yang diingati lebih banyak daripada penghibur. <> Bagaimana penghibur akan memainkan kerja kerana penghantaran bertulis? || dengan cara yang menyedari secara terperinci niat asal komposer <> Bilakah maklumat yang dimuatkan oleh komposer dalam peningkatan skor mereka? || abad ke-19 <> Kekaguman penghibur untuk penafsiran baru boleh dilihat apabila komposer merasakan pelaku mencapai apa? || pencapaian yang lebih baik daripada maksud asal daripada komposer <> Apa yang sering dicapai oleh pelukis klasik? || reputasi tinggi untuk pemuzik mereka", {"qas": [{"question": "How are performers expected to play a work due to written transmission?", "id": "56f75ad1aef2371900625b4d", "answers": [{"text": "in a way that realizes in detail the original intentions of the composer", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did details that composers put in their scores increase?", "id": "56f75ad1aef2371900625b4e", "answers": [{"text": "the 19th century", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Admiration of performers for new interpretations can be seen when composers feel the performer achieve what?", "id": "56f75ad1aef2371900625b4f", "answers": [{"text": "a better realization of the original intent than the composer", "answer_start": 498}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do classical performers often achieve?", "id": "56f75ad1aef2371900625b50", "answers": [{"text": "high reputations for their musicianship", "answer_start": 622}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Its written transmission, along with the veneration bestowed on certain classical works, has led to the expectation that performers will play a work in a way that realizes in detail the original intentions of the composer. During the 19th century the details that composers put in their scores generally increased. Yet the opposite trend\u2014admiration of performers for new \"interpretations\" of the composer's work\u2014can be seen, and it is not unknown for a composer to praise a performer for achieving a better realization of the original intent than the composer was able to imagine. Thus, classical performers often achieve high reputations for their musicianship, even if they do not compose themselves. Generally however, it is the composers who are remembered more than the performers."}], ["Penambahbaikan pernah memainkan peranan penting dalam muzik klasik. Sisa-sisa tradisi improvisasi ini dalam muzik klasik boleh didengar di cadenza, sebahagian besarnya ditemui dalam konsertos dan karya solo, yang direka untuk membolehkan para pemain yang mahir memperlihatkan kemahiran virtuoso mereka pada instrumen tersebut. Secara tradisi ini dilakukan oleh pelaku; Walau bagaimanapun, ia sering ditulis untuk (atau kadang-kadang oleh) pelaku terlebih dahulu. Penambahbaikan juga merupakan aspek penting dalam persembahan otentik opera era Baroque dan bel canto (terutamanya opera Vincenzo Bellini), dan yang terbaik dicontohkan oleh da capo aria, bentuk yang penyanyi terkenal biasanya melakukan variasi dari tema tematik aria dalam seksyen rekapitulasi (bahagian 'B' / bahagian 'capo'). Contohnya adalah kompleks Beverly Sills ', walaupun sebelum ini ditulis, variasi Da tempeste il legno infranto dari Giulio Cesare H\u00e4ndel. <> Apa yang pernah memainkan peranan penting dalam muzik klasik? || Penambahbaikan <> Di manakah terdapat sisa tradisi improvisasi? || cadenza <> Apa yang boleh dipamerkan para pameran solo semasa kadinan? || kemahiran virtuoso mereka pada instrumen <> Apa jenis persembahan telinga Baroque Operas memerlukan penambahbaikan? || persembahan yang sahih <> Contoh penambahbaikan dalam opera adalah Beverly Sills variasi pergerakan tangan Giulio Cesare Handel? || Da tempeste il legno infranto", {"qas": [{"question": "What once played an important role in classical music?", "id": "56f7580ba6d7ea1400e171dc", "answers": [{"text": "Improvisation", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where can a remnant of improvisation tradition be found?", "id": "56f7580ba6d7ea1400e171dd", "answers": [{"text": "cadenza", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can solo performers exhibit during a cadenza?", "id": "56f7580ba6d7ea1400e171de", "answers": [{"text": "their virtuoso skills on the instrument", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of performances of Baroque ear Operas require improvisation?", "id": "56f7580ba6d7ea1400e171df", "answers": [{"text": "authentic performances", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "An example of improvisation in an opera is Beverly Sills variation of what movement of Handel's Giulio Cesare?", "id": "56f7580ba6d7ea1400e171e0", "answers": [{"text": "Da tempeste il legno infranto", "answer_start": 855}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Improvisation once played an important role in classical music. A remnant of this improvisatory tradition in classical music can be heard in the cadenza, a passage found mostly in concertos and solo works, designed to allow skilled performers to exhibit their virtuoso skills on the instrument. Traditionally this was improvised by the performer; however, it is often written for (or occasionally by) the performer beforehand. Improvisation is also an important aspect in authentic performances of operas of Baroque era and of bel canto (especially operas of Vincenzo Bellini), and is best exemplified by the da capo aria, a form by which famous singers typically perform variations of the thematic matter of the aria in the recapitulation section ('B section' / the 'da capo' part). An example is Beverly Sills' complex, albeit pre-written, variation of Da tempeste il legno infranto from H\u00e4ndel's Giulio Cesare."}]], [["Slavic autonym * Slov\u011bnin\u044a biasanya dipertimbangkan (contohnya oleh Roman Jakobson) berasal dari perkataan \"slovo\", yang pada asalnya menandakan \"orang yang bercakap (bahasa yang sama),\" iaitu orang yang saling memahami, bertentangan dengan perkataan Slavia yang menandakan \" orang asing \"- n\u011bmci, yang bermaksud\" merendahkan, merungut orang \"(dari Slavic * n\u011bm\u044a -\" merendahkan, bisu \"). <> Apa perkataan slavic menandakan \"orang yang bercakap bahasa yang sama?\" || slovo <> Apa perkataan slavic menunjukkan \"orang asing?\" || n\u011bmci <> Who considered * Slov\u011bnin\u044a is a derivation from slovo? || Roman Jakobson <> Siapa yang datang dengan autonym Slavik? || <> Apa yang berasal dari slovo? || <> Kata apa yang digunakan oleh Roman Jakobson untuk memanggil orang asing Slavik? || <> Kata apa yang digunakan oleh Jackobson untuk bermaksud bisu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What slavic word denotes \"people who speak the same language?\"", "id": "56f6ff9c711bf01900a448dc", "answers": [{"text": "slovo", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What slavic word denotes \"foreign people?\"", "id": "56f6ff9c711bf01900a448dd", "answers": [{"text": "n\u011bmci", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who considered *Slov\u011bnin\u044a do be a derivation from slovo?", "id": "56f6ff9c711bf01900a448de", "answers": [{"text": "Roman Jakobson", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Roman Jakobson", "answer_start": 61}], "question": "Who came up with the Slavic autonym?", "id": "5ad49962ba00c4001a268d10", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Slov\u011bnin\u044a", "answer_start": 20}], "question": "What does slovo derive from?", "id": "5ad49962ba00c4001a268d11", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "n\u011bmci", "answer_start": 267}], "question": "What word did Roman Jakobson use to call Slavics foreign people?", "id": "5ad49962ba00c4001a268d12", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "n\u011bm\u044a", "answer_start": 325}], "question": "What word did Jackobson use to mean mute?", "id": "5ad49962ba00c4001a268d13", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Slavic autonym *Slov\u011bnin\u044a is usually considered (e.g. by Roman Jakobson) a derivation from slovo \"word\", originally denoting \"people who speak (the same language),\" i.e. people who understand each other, in contrast to the Slavic word denoting \"foreign people\" \u2013 n\u011bmci, meaning \"mumbling, murmuring people\" (from Slavic *n\u011bm\u044a \u2013 \"mumbling, mute\")."}], ["Sebutan paling awal serangan serbuan Slavia ke Sungai Danube yang lebih rendah mungkin bertarikh pada separuh pertama abad ke-6, tetapi tidak ada bukti arkeologi mengenai penyelesaian Slavia di Balkan dapat dipastikan dengan aman sebelum c. 600 AD. <> Yang paling awal menyebut serangan serbuan Slavik adalah apa sungai? || Sungai Danube <> Yang paling awal menyebutkan apa yang mungkin bertarikh pada separuh pertama abad ke-6? || Serbuan Slavik <> Tidak ada bukti arkeologi mengenai penyelesaian Slavia di Balkan boleh selamat bertarikh sebelum bila? || c. 600 AD <> Tidak ada bukti tentang penempatan Slavik di mana sebelum c. 600 AD? || Balkan <> Bilakah serangan Slavik Sungai Danube? || <> Bilakah bukti arkeologi pemukiman Slavik ditemui pertama? || <> Semua bukti arkeologi untuk Slavik bertarikh selepas tahun apa? || <> Siapa yang menyerang Slavik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The earliest mentions of Slavic raids are across what river?", "id": "56f71bd9711bf01900a44974", "answers": [{"text": "River Danube", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The earliest mentions of what may be dated to the first half of the 6th century?", "id": "56f71bd9711bf01900a44975", "answers": [{"text": "Slavic raids", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "No archaeological evidence of a Slavic settlement in the Balkans could be securely dated before when?", "id": "56f71bd9711bf01900a44976", "answers": [{"text": "c. 600 AD", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "There is no evidence of a Slavic settlement where before c. 600 AD?", "id": "56f71bd9711bf01900a44977", "answers": [{"text": "the Balkans", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the first half of the 6th century", "answer_start": 84}], "question": "When did the Slavics raid the River Danube?", "id": "5ad49c8eba00c4001a268dae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the 6th century", "answer_start": 102}], "question": "When was archaeological evidence of Slavic settlements first discovered?", "id": "5ad49c8eba00c4001a268daf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "c. 600 AD", "answer_start": 219}], "question": "All archaeological evidence for the Slavics is dated after what year?", "id": "5ad49c8eba00c4001a268db0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Balkans", "answer_start": 176}], "question": "Who raided the Slavics?", "id": "5ad49c8eba00c4001a268db1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The earliest mentions of Slavic raids across the lower River Danube may be dated to the first half of the 6th century, yet no archaeological evidence of a Slavic settlement in the Balkans could be securely dated before c. 600 AD."}], ["Kata slovo (\"perkataan\") dan slava yang berkaitan (\"kemasyhuran\") dan slukh (\"pendengaran\") berasal dari akar Proto-Indo-Eropah * \u1e31lew- (\"bercakap, kemasyhuran\"), \u03ba\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2 (kl\u00eas - \"terkenal\"), dari mana nama Pericles, dan Latin clueo (\"dipanggil\"), dan bahasa Inggeris kuat. <> Slovo, slava, dan slukh semuanya berasal dari akar Proto-Indo-Eropah? || * \u1e31lew <> Yunani Kuno \u03ba\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2 (kl\u00eas - \"terkenal\") membantu membuat nama terkenal? || Pericles <> Apa tiga perkataan berasal dari akar Proto-Indo-Eropah * \u1e31lew- (\"dibicarakan, kemasyhuran\")? || dia kata slovo (\"kata\") dan slava berkaitan (\"kemasyhuran\") dan slukh (\"pendengaran\") <> Apa maksud perkataan Latin \"klew\"? || <> Apakah perkataan Latin yang terkenal? || <> Apa perkataan \"klew\" berasal dari? || <> Apa jenis perkataan akar adalah Pericles? || <> Apa perkataan Slavic bermaksud \"kuat\"? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Slovo, slava, and slukh all originate from what Proto-Indo-European root?", "id": "56f7194f3d8e2e1400e3734a", "answers": [{"text": "*\u1e31lew", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Ancient Greek \u03ba\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2 (kl\u00eas - \"famous\") helped create what famous name?", "id": "56f7194f3d8e2e1400e3734b", "answers": [{"text": "Pericles", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What three words originated from the Proto-Indo-European root *\u1e31lew- (\"be spoken of, fame\")?", "id": "56f7194f3d8e2e1400e3734c", "answers": [{"text": "he word slovo (\"word\") and the related slava (\"fame\") and slukh (\"hearing\")", "answer_start": 1}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "be spoken of, fame", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "What does the Latin word \"klew\" mean?", "id": "5ad49a62ba00c4001a268d40", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "kl\u00eas", "answer_start": 185}], "question": "What is the Latin word for famous?", "id": "5ad49a62ba00c4001a268d41", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "clueo", "answer_start": 239}], "question": "What does the word \"klew\" originate from?", "id": "5ad49a62ba00c4001a268d42", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Proto-Indo-European", "answer_start": 96}], "question": "What type of root word is Pericles?", "id": "5ad49a62ba00c4001a268d43", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "slukh", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "What Slavic word means \"loud\"?", "id": "5ad49a62ba00c4001a268d44", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The word slovo (\"word\") and the related slava (\"fame\") and slukh (\"hearing\") originate from the Proto-Indo-European root *\u1e31lew- (\"be spoken of, fame\"), cognate with Ancient Greek \u03ba\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2 (kl\u00eas - \"famous\"), whence the name Pericles, and Latin clueo (\"be called\"), and English loud."}], ["Procopius menulis dalam 545 bahawa \"Sclaveni dan Antae sebenarnya mempunyai satu nama pada masa lalu, kerana mereka berdua dikenali sebagai Spori pada masa dahulu.\" Dia menerangkan struktur dan kepercayaan sosial mereka: <> Siapa yang menulis dalam 545 bahawa \"Sclaveni dan Antae sebenarnya mempunyai satu nama pada masa lalu, kerana mereka berdua disebut Spori pada zaman dahulu\"? || Procopius <> Bilakah Procopius menulis bahawa \"Sclaveni dan Antae sebenarnya mempunyai nama tunggal di masa lalu, kerana kedua-duanya disebut Spori pada masa dahulu.\"? || 545 <> Procopius berkata Sclaveni dan Antae kedua-duanya dipanggil apa? || Spori <> Apa yang dimaksud Procopius dalam tulisannya tentang Sclaveni dan Antae? || struktur sosial dan kepercayaan mereka <> Siapa yang Procopius menulis tentang dalam 545? || Sclaveni dan Antae <> Siapa yang memanggil Sclaveni Spori pada zaman dahulu? || <> Pada tahun apakah Sclaveni dan Antae disebut Spori? || <> Apakah kedua-duanya dipanggil Sclaveni dan Spori? || <> Apa yang ditulis oleh Procopius pada zaman dahulu? || <> Apa yang diterangkan oleh Spori dalam 545? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who wrote in 545 that \"the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Spori in olden times.\"?", "id": "56f71f1c3d8e2e1400e3736e", "answers": [{"text": "Procopius", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Procopius write that \"the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Spori in olden times.\"?", "id": "56f71f1c3d8e2e1400e3736f", "answers": [{"text": "545", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Procopius said Sclaveni and Antae were both called what?", "id": "56f71f1c3d8e2e1400e37370", "answers": [{"text": "Spori", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Procopius describe in his writings of the Sclaveni and Antae?", "id": "56f71f1c3d8e2e1400e37371", "answers": [{"text": "their social structure and beliefs", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Procopius write about in 545?", "id": "56f71f1c3d8e2e1400e37372", "answers": [{"text": "the Sclaveni and the Antae", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Procopius", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who called the Sclaveni Spori in olden times?", "id": "5ad49d98ba00c4001a268de8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "545", "answer_start": 19}], "question": "In what year were the Sclaveni and Antae called Spori?", "id": "5ad49d98ba00c4001a268de9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Antae", "answer_start": 50}], "question": "What were both Sclaveni and Spori once called?", "id": "5ad49d98ba00c4001a268dea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Sclaveni and the Antae", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "What did Procopius write about in olden times?", "id": "5ad49d98ba00c4001a268deb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "their social structure and beliefs", "answer_start": 165}], "question": "What did the Spori describe in 545?", "id": "5ad49d98ba00c4001a268dec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Procopius wrote in 545 that \"the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Spori in olden times.\" He describes their social structure and beliefs:"}], ["Perkataan Inggeris Slav boleh diperoleh dari sklab perkataan Bahasa Inggeris Tengah, yang dipinjam dari sclavus Latin Abad Pertengahan atau slavus, sendiri peminjam dan Yunani \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2 skl\u00e1bos \"hamba,\" yang pada gilirannya nampaknya berasal dari kesalahpahaman tentang autonym Slavic ( menandakan penceramah bahasa mereka sendiri). Istilah Byzantine Sklavinoi dipinjamkan ke Arab sebagai Saqaliba \u0635\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 (menyanyikan Saqlabi \u0635\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a) oleh ahli sejarah Arab abad pertengahan. Walau bagaimanapun, asal perkataan ini dipertikaikan. <> Perkataan Slav boleh diperoleh dari perkataan Middle English? || sclave <> Asal apa istilah Byzantine dipertikaikan? || Sklavinoi <> The Byzantine Greek \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2 skl\u00e1bos \"hamba,\" yang pada gilirannya nampaknya berasal dari apa? || salah faham tentang autonym Slavic <> Istilah Byzantine Sklavinoi dipinjamkan ke bahasa Arab sebagai Saqaliba oleh siapa? || historiographers Arab abad pertengahan <> Apa perkataan Inggeris yang \"sclave\" berasal? || <> Apa perkataan Latin yang salah faham? || <> Kata apa yang dipinjamkan dari bahasa Arab? || <> Siapa yang membantah asal perkataan Saqaliba? || <> Apa kewarganegaraan meminjam perkataan \"Saqaliba\"? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The word Slav could be derived from what Middle English word?", "id": "56f71a1c711bf01900a44964", "answers": [{"text": "sclave", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The origin of what Byzantine term is disputed?", "id": "56f71a1c711bf01900a44965", "answers": [{"text": "Sklavinoi", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Byzantine Greek \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2 skl\u00e1bos \"slave,\" which was in turn apparently derived from what?", "id": "56f71a1c711bf01900a44966", "answers": [{"text": "misunderstanding of the Slavic autonym", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Byzantine term Sklavinoi was loaned into Arabic as Saqaliba by who?", "id": "56f71a1c711bf01900a44967", "answers": [{"text": "medieval Arab historiographers", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Slav", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "What English word does \"sclave\" come from?", "id": "5ad49b46ba00c4001a268d68", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sclavus or slavus", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "What Latin word was a misunderstanding?", "id": "5ad49b46ba00c4001a268d69", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sklavinoi", "answer_start": 345}], "question": "What word was loaned from Arabic?", "id": "5ad49b46ba00c4001a268d6a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "medieval Arab historiographers", "answer_start": 422}], "question": "Who disputes the origin of the word Saqaliba?", "id": "5ad49b46ba00c4001a268d6b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Byzantine", "answer_start": 330}], "question": "What nationality borrowed the word \"Saqaliba\"?", "id": "5ad49b46ba00c4001a268d6c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The English word Slav could be derived from the Middle English word sclave, which was borrowed from Medieval Latin sclavus or slavus, itself a borrowing and Byzantine Greek \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2 skl\u00e1bos \"slave,\" which was in turn apparently derived from a misunderstanding of the Slavic autonym (denoting a speaker of their own languages). The Byzantine term Sklavinoi was loaned into Arabic as Saqaliba \u0635\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 (sing. Saqlabi \u0635\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a) by medieval Arab historiographers. However, the origin of this word is disputed."}], ["Slavs di bawah nama Antes dan Sclaveni membuat penampilan pertama mereka dalam rekod Byzantine pada awal abad ke-6. Ahli sejarah Byzantine di bawah Justinian I (527-565), seperti Procopius Caesarea, Jordanes dan Theophylact Simocatta menggambarkan suku nama-nama ini yang muncul dari kawasan Pegunungan Carpathian, Danube dan Laut Hitam yang lebih rendah, menyerang wilayah Danubia di Timur Empayar. <> Slavs membuat penampilan pertama mereka dalam rekod Byzantine apabila? || pada awal abad ke-6 <> Slavs berada di bawah apa nama pada awal abad ke-6? || the Antes and the Sclaveni <> Menurut ahli sejarah Byzantine, suku Slavs muncul dari kawasan apa? || Pergunungan Carpathian, Danube yang lebih rendah dan Laut Hitam <> Tribes Slavs menyerang apa wilayah di Empayar Timur? || wilayah Danubia <> Di bawah pemerintahannya apakah ahli sejarah Byzantine menggambarkan suku Slavik? || di bawah Justinian I <> Bilakah rekod Byzantine bermula? || <> Bilakah Procopius Caesarea hidup? || <> Di manakah Jordanes dari? || <> Apa nama lain untuk Bizantium? || <> Apa gunung-gunung yang berasal dari orang Bizantium? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The Slavs make their first appearance in Byzantine records when?", "id": "56f71d1f711bf01900a44990", "answers": [{"text": "in the early 6th century", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Slavs were under what name in the early 6th century?", "id": "56f71d1f711bf01900a44991", "answers": [{"text": "the Antes and the Sclaveni", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to Byzantine historiographers, tribes of Slavs emerged from what areas?", "id": "56f71d1f711bf01900a44992", "answers": [{"text": "the Carpathian Mountains, the lower Danube and the Black Sea", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tribes of Slavs were invading what provinces of the Eastern Empire?", "id": "56f71d1f711bf01900a44993", "answers": [{"text": "the Danubian provinces", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Under whose reign did Byzantine historiographers describe Slavic tribes?", "id": "56f71d1f711bf01900a44994", "answers": [{"text": "under Justinian I", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "early 6th century", "answer_start": 107}], "question": "When do Byzantine records begin?", "id": "5ad49d0aba00c4001a268dc0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "527\u2013565", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "When did Procopius of Caesarea live?", "id": "5ad49d0aba00c4001a268dc1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Caesarea", "answer_start": 203}], "question": "Where was Jordanes from?", "id": "5ad49d0aba00c4001a268dc2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Antes and the Sclaveni", "answer_start": 28}], "question": "What was another name for Byzantine?", "id": "5ad49d0aba00c4001a268dc3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Carpathian", "answer_start": 309}], "question": "What mountains did the Byzantine people come from?", "id": "5ad49d0aba00c4001a268dc4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Slavs under name of the Antes and the Sclaveni make their first appearance in Byzantine records in the early 6th century. Byzantine historiographers under Justinian I (527\u2013565), such as Procopius of Caesarea, Jordanes and Theophylact Simocatta describe tribes of these names emerging from the area of the Carpathian Mountains, the lower Danube and the Black Sea, invading the Danubian provinces of the Eastern Empire."}], ["Autonym Slavic dibina semula dalam Proto-Slavic sebagai * Slov\u011bnin\u044a, jamak * Slov\u011bne. Dokumen tertua yang ditulis dalam Slavonic Gereja Lama dan bertarikh dari abad ke-9 membuktikan Slovanyne Slov\u011bne untuk menggambarkan Slavs. Pengakuan Slavia awal lain termasuk Old Slavic Slavic Slov\u011bn\u011b untuk \"kumpulan Slavia Timur berhampiran Novgorod.\" Bagaimanapun, rujukan tertulis paling awal kepada Slav di bawah nama ini adalah dalam bahasa lain. Pada abad ke-6 AD Procopius, yang menulis dalam Greek Byzantine, merujuk kepada \u03a3\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03b9 Sklaboi, \u03a3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03af Sklab\u0113noi, \u03a3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c5\u03b7\u03bd\u03ae\u03af Sklauenoi, \u03a3\u03b8\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03af Sthlabenoi, atau \u03a3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 Sklabinoi, sementara Jordanes kontemporinya merujuk kepada Sclaveni dalam bahasa Latin. <> * Slov\u011bnin\u00fd, jamak * Slov\u011bne, adalah autonym Slavik yang direkabentuk dalam apa? || Proto-Slavic <> Lama abad ke-9 dokumen menggambarkan Slav ditulis dalam bahasa apa? || Gereja Lama Slavonic <> Siapa yang menulis tentang Slav di Greek Byzantine pada abad ke-6? || Procopius <> Procopius 'kontemporari Jordanes merujuk kepada Slavs dalam bahasa apa? || Latin <> Apa bentuk jamak Slavik? || <> Apa yang ditulis penulis dalam Slavonic Gereja Lama? || <> Semasa abad apa yang disebut Slavik sebagai \"kumpulan Slavia Timur berhampiran Novgorod\"? || <> Bilakah Procopius menulis dalam bahasa Latin mengenai Sclaveni? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "*Slov\u011bnin\u044a, plural *Slov\u011bne, is the Slavic autonym reconstructed in what?", "id": "56f6fb8f711bf01900a448bc", "answers": [{"text": "Proto-Slavic", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Old 9th century documents describing Slavs were written in what language?", "id": "56f6fb8f711bf01900a448bd", "answers": [{"text": "Old Church Slavonic", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote about the Slavs in Byzantine Greek in the 6th century?", "id": "56f6fb8f711bf01900a448be", "answers": [{"text": "Procopius", "answer_start": 444}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Procopius' contemporary Jordanes referred to the Slavs in what language?", "id": "56f6fb8f711bf01900a448bf", "answers": [{"text": "Latin", "answer_start": 660}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Slov\u011bne", "answer_start": 75}], "question": "What is the plural form of Slavic?", "id": "5ad498caba00c4001a268d06", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Procopius", "answer_start": 444}], "question": "What writer wrote in Old Church Slavonic?", "id": "5ad498caba00c4001a268d07", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "9th", "answer_start": 156}], "question": "During what century were Slavics referred to as \"an East Slavic group near Novgorod\"?", "id": "5ad498caba00c4001a268d08", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "6th century", "answer_start": 429}], "question": "When did Procopius write in Latin about the Sclaveni?", "id": "5ad498caba00c4001a268d09", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Slavic autonym is reconstructed in Proto-Slavic as *Slov\u011bnin\u044a, plural *Slov\u011bne. The oldest documents written in Old Church Slavonic and dating from the 9th century attest \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0463\u043d\u0435 Slov\u011bne to describe the Slavs. Other early Slavic attestations include Old East Slavic \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0463\u043d\u0463 Slov\u011bn\u011b for \"an East Slavic group near Novgorod.\" However, the earliest written references to the Slavs under this name are in other languages. In the 6th century AD Procopius, writing in Byzantine Greek, refers to the \u03a3\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03b9 Sklaboi, \u03a3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03af Sklab\u0113noi, \u03a3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c5\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03af Sklauenoi, \u03a3\u03b8\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03af Sthlabenoi, or \u03a3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 Sklabinoi, while his contemporary Jordanes refers to the Sclaveni in Latin."}], ["Orang Slavia sekarang diklasifikasikan ke Slavia Barat (terutamanya Poland, Czech dan Slovaks), Slavia Timur (terutama Rusia, Belarus, dan Ukraine), dan Slavia Selatan (terutama Serb, Bulgaria, Croat, Bosniak, Macedonia, Slovenia, dan Montenegrin ), walaupun kadang-kadang Slavia Barat dan Slavia Timur digabungkan menjadi kumpulan tunggal yang dikenali sebagai Slavs Utara. Untuk senarai yang lebih komprehensif, lihat subdivisi etnik. Negara-negara Slavik moden dan kumpulan etnik banyak berbeza dari segi genetik dan budaya, dan hubungan di antara mereka - walaupun dalam kumpulan etnik masing-masing - berbeza-beza, dari rasa hubungan dengan perasaan saling bermusuhan. <> Orang-orang Slavia Barat terdiri dari mana kebangsaan? || Poland, Czech dan Slovaks <> Orang-orang Slavia Timur terdiri daripada bangsa mana? || Rusia, Belarusians, dan Ukraine <> Orang-orang Slavia Selatan terdiri daripada bangsa mana? || Serbia, Bulgarian, Croat, Bosniak, Macedonia, Slovenia, dan Montenegrin <> Slavs Barat dan Timur kadang-kadang digabungkan menjadi satu kumpulan yang dipanggil apa? || North Slavs <> North Slavs terdiri daripada slavs Selatan dan apa slav lain? || <> Kumpulan tunggal dari Slavs Selatan terdiri daripada dua kumpulan lain? || <> Apa bentuk kepelbagaian yang hilang di negara-negara moden? || <> Siapa yang sentiasa mempunyai permusuhan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "West Slavic people consist of which nationalities?", "id": "56f6f4963d8e2e1400e372ea", "answers": [{"text": "Poles, Czechs and Slovaks", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "East Slavic people consist of which nationalities?", "id": "56f6f4963d8e2e1400e372eb", "answers": [{"text": "Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "South Slavic people consist of which nationalities?", "id": "56f6f4963d8e2e1400e372ec", "answers": [{"text": "Serbs, Bulgarians, Croats, Bosniaks, Macedonians, Slovenes, and Montenegrins", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "West and East Slavs are sometimes combined into a single group called what?", "id": "56f6f4963d8e2e1400e372ed", "answers": [{"text": "North Slavs", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "West", "answer_start": 282}], "question": "North Slavs are made up of South slavs and what other slav?", "id": "5ad49817ba00c4001a268cea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "West Slavs and East Slavs", "answer_start": 282}], "question": "The single group of South slavs are made up of which two other groups?", "id": "5ad49817ba00c4001a268ceb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "genetically and culturally", "answer_start": 500}], "question": "What forms of diversity are lost in modern nations?", "id": "5ad49817ba00c4001a268cec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the individual ethnic groups", "answer_start": 569}], "question": "Who always has a sense of hostility?", "id": "5ad49817ba00c4001a268ced", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Present-day Slavic people are classified into West Slavic (chiefly Poles, Czechs and Slovaks), East Slavic (chiefly Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians), and South Slavic (chiefly Serbs, Bulgarians, Croats, Bosniaks, Macedonians, Slovenes, and Montenegrins), though sometimes the West Slavs and East Slavs are combined into a single group known as North Slavs. For a more comprehensive list, see the ethnocultural subdivisions. Modern Slavic nations and ethnic groups are considerably diverse both genetically and culturally, and relations between them \u2013 even within the individual ethnic groups themselves \u2013 are varied, ranging from a sense of connection to mutual feelings of hostility."}], ["Cadangan alternatif untuk etimologi * Slov\u011bnin\u044a propounded oleh beberapa ulama mempunyai sokongan kurang. Lozinski berpendapat bahawa perkataan * slava pernah mempunyai makna penyembah, dalam konteks ini bermaksud \"pengamal agama Slavia yang biasa,\" dan dari itu berkembang menjadi etnonym. S.B. Bernstein membuat spekulasi bahawa ia berasal dari rumpun Proto-Indo-Eropah * (s) yang telah dibina semula, yang menyerupai \"penduduk, orang\" Yunani Kuno \u03bb\u03b1\u03cc\u03c2 la\u00f3s, yang sendiri tidak mempunyai etimologi yang lazim diterima. Sementara itu, yang lain menegaskan bahawa suffix -enin menunjukkan lelaki dari tempat tertentu, yang dalam hal ini harus menjadi tempat yang disebut Slova atau Slava, mungkin nama sungai. Slavuta Slavia Timur yang lama untuk Sungai Dnieper itu diperdebatkan oleh Henrich Bartek (1907-1986) yang berasal dari slova dan juga asal Slovenia. <> Siapa yang berpendapat bahawa perkataan * slava pernah mempunyai arti penyembah? || Lozinski <> Siapa yang berspekulasi bahawa * slava berasal dari diracon semula Proto-Indo-Eropah * (s) lawos? || S.B. Bernstein <> Akhiran -enin menunjukkan apa? || seorang lelaki dari tempat tertentu <> Yang berhujah bahawa Slavuta Slavia Timur Lama untuk Sungai Dnieper berasal dari slova? || Henrich Bartek <> Siapa kata slava berkembang dari etnonym? || <> Apa nama ulama yang mencadangkan Slova boleh menjadi nama sungai? || <> Bilakah SB Bernstein dilahirkan? || <> Bilakah Bartek berhujah bahawa Sungai Dnieper berasal dari Slovene? || <> Akhiran apa yang menunjukkan nama sungai? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who argues that the word *slava once had the meaning of worshipper?", "id": "56f71b0b711bf01900a4496c", "answers": [{"text": "Lozinski", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who speculates that *slava derives from a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *(s)lawos?", "id": "56f71b0b711bf01900a4496d", "answers": [{"text": "S.B. Bernstein", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The suffix -enin indicates what?", "id": "56f71b0b711bf01900a4496e", "answers": [{"text": "a man from a certain place", "answer_start": 551}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who argued that the Old East Slavic Slavuta for the Dnieper River was derived from slova?", "id": "56f71b0b711bf01900a4496f", "answers": [{"text": "Henrich Bartek", "answer_start": 726}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lozinski", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "Who said slava evolved from an ethnonym?", "id": "5ad49bddba00c4001a268d7c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "S.B. Bernstein", "answer_start": 284}], "question": "What was the name of the scholar that suggested Slova could be a river name?", "id": "5ad49bddba00c4001a268d7d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1907", "answer_start": 742}], "question": "When was SB Bernstein born?", "id": "5ad49bddba00c4001a268d7e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1986", "answer_start": 747}], "question": "When did Bartek argue the Dnieper River was the origin of Slovene?", "id": "5ad49bddba00c4001a268d7f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "-enin", "answer_start": 535}], "question": "What suffix indicates a river name?", "id": "5ad49bddba00c4001a268d80", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Alternative proposals for the etymology of *Slov\u011bnin\u044a propounded by some scholars have much less support. Lozinski argues that the word *slava once had the meaning of worshipper, in this context meaning \"practicer of a common Slavic religion,\" and from that evolved into an ethnonym. S.B. Bernstein speculates that it derives from a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *(s)lawos, cognate to Ancient Greek \u03bb\u03b1\u03cc\u03c2 la\u00f3s \"population, people,\" which itself has no commonly accepted etymology. Meanwhile, others have pointed out that the suffix -enin indicates a man from a certain place, which in this case should be a place called Slova or Slava, possibly a river name. The Old East Slavic Slavuta for the Dnieper River was argued by Henrich Bartek (1907\u20131986) to be derived from slova and also the origin of Slovene."}], ["Slav adalah kumpulan ethno-linguistik Indo-Eropah terbesar di Eropah. Mereka mendiami Eropah Tengah, Eropah Timur, Eropah Tenggara, Asia Utara dan Asia Tengah. Slavs menggunakan bahasa Slavik Indo-Eropah dan berkongsi, kepada pelbagai peringkat, beberapa ciri budaya dan latar belakang sejarah. Dari awal abad ke-6, mereka merebak untuk mendiami sebahagian besar Eropah Tengah dan Timur dan Eropah Tenggara, sementara tentara bayaran Slavic berjuang untuk Byzantine dan Arab menetap Asia Minor dan bahkan sejauh Syria. Slavia Timur menjajah Siberia dan Asia Tengah. [Sumber yang lebih baik diperlukan] Pada masa ini lebih separuh wilayah Eropah didiami oleh komuniti berbahasa Slavik, tetapi setiap etnik Slavik telah berhijrah ke benua lain. <> Apa kumpulan etnik-linguistik Indo-Eropah terbesar di Eropah? || Slav adalah kumpulan ethno-linguistik Indo-Eropah terbesar di Eropah. <> Kawasan di mana Slavs mendiami? || Mereka mendiami Eropah Tengah, Eropah Timur, Eropah Tenggara, Asia Utara dan Asia Tengah. <> Apa yang dijajah oleh Slavs Timur? || Slavia Timur menjajah Siberia dan Asia Tengah. <> Apa bahagian wilayah Eropah didiami oleh komuniti berbahasa Slavik? || Pada masa ini lebih separuh daripada wilayah Eropah yang didiami oleh komunitas berbahasa Slavik <> Slavic bayaran tentara diselesaikan di mana? || Tentara tentera Slavic berjuang untuk Byzantine dan Arab menetap Asia Minor dan bahkan sejauh Syria. <> Apakah kumpulan etno terbesar di Asia Utara? || <> Siapa yang berperang melawan Byzantine? || <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh tentera upahan Slavik? || <> Siapa yang menjajah Arab? || <> Berapa peratus daripada Asia Tengah didiami oleh komuniti berbahasa Slavik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the largest Indo-European ethno-linguistic group in Europe?", "id": "56f6e8fb3d8e2e1400e372b4", "answers": [{"text": "Slavs are the largest Indo-European ethno-linguistic group in Europe.", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What areas of the world do Slavs inhabit?", "id": "56f6e8fb3d8e2e1400e372b5", "answers": [{"text": "They inhabit Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, North Asia and Central Asia.", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was colonised by the East Slavs?", "id": "56f6e8fb3d8e2e1400e372b6", "answers": [{"text": "The East Slavs colonised Siberia and Central Asia.", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What portion of Europe's territory is inhabited by Slavic-speaking communities?", "id": "56f6e8fb3d8e2e1400e372b7", "answers": [{"text": "Presently over half of Europe's territory is inhabited by Slavic-speaking communities", "answer_start": 574}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Slavic mercenaries settled where?", "id": "56f6e8fb3d8e2e1400e372b8", "answers": [{"text": "Slavic mercenaries fighting for the Byzantines and Arabs settled Asia Minor and even as far as Syria.", "answer_start": 399}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Slavs", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is the largest ethno group in North Asia?", "id": "5ad49744ba00c4001a268ccc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Slavic mercenaries", "answer_start": 399}], "question": "Who fought against the Byzantines?", "id": "5ad49744ba00c4001a268ccd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Siberia and Central Asia", "answer_start": 526}], "question": "What did Slavic mercenaries colonise?", "id": "5ad49744ba00c4001a268cce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "East Slavs", "answer_start": 505}], "question": "Who colonised the Arabs?", "id": "5ad49744ba00c4001a268ccf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "over half", "answer_start": 584}], "question": "What percentage of Central Asia is inhabited by Slavic-speaking communities?", "id": "5ad49744ba00c4001a268cd0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Slavs are the largest Indo-European ethno-linguistic group in Europe. They inhabit Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, North Asia and Central Asia. Slavs speak Indo-European Slavic languages and share, to varying degrees, some cultural traits and historical backgrounds. From the early 6th century they spread to inhabit most of Central and Eastern Europe and Southeast Europe, whilst Slavic mercenaries fighting for the Byzantines and Arabs settled Asia Minor and even as far as Syria. The East Slavs colonised Siberia and Central Asia.[better source needed] Presently over half of Europe's territory is inhabited by Slavic-speaking communities, but every Slavic ethnicity has emigrated to other continents."}], ["Jordanes memberitahu kami bahawa Sclaveni mempunyai paya dan hutan untuk bandar mereka. Satu lagi sumber abad ke-6 merujuk kepada mereka yang hidup di antara hutan, sungai, tasik, dan rawa yang tidak dapat ditembusi. <> Siapa yang memberitahu kita bahawa Sclaveni telah paya dan hutan untuk kota mereka? || Jordanes <> Yang telah paya dan hutan untuk bandar mereka? || Sclaveni <> Sumber abad ke-6 merujuk kepada Sclaveni sebagai tempat tinggal di mana? || di antara hutan, sungai, tasik dan rawa yang hampir tidak dapat ditembusi <> Siapa yang menulis bahawa Sclaveni tinggal di hutan yang tidak dapat ditembusi? || <> Di mana Jordanes hidup? || <> Siapa yang tidak dapat menembusi hutan dan sungai? || <> Bilakah Sclaveni tinggal di paya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who tells us that the Sclaveni had swamps and forests for their cities?", "id": "56f71f8e3d8e2e1400e37378", "answers": [{"text": "Jordanes", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who had swamps and forests for their cities?", "id": "56f71f8e3d8e2e1400e37379", "answers": [{"text": "the Sclaveni", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A 6th-century source refers to the Sclaveni as living where?", "id": "56f71f8e3d8e2e1400e3737a", "answers": [{"text": "among nearly impenetrable forests, rivers, lakes, and marshes", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jordanes", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who wrote that the Sclaveni lived in impenetrable forests?", "id": "5ad4a4faba00c4001a268ea6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "nearly impenetrable forests, rivers, lakes, and marshes", "answer_start": 132}], "question": "Where did Jordanes live?", "id": "5ad4a4faba00c4001a268ea7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Sclaveni", "answer_start": 23}], "question": "Who could not penetrate the forests and rivers?", "id": "5ad4a4faba00c4001a268ea8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "6th-century", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "When did Sclaveni live in swamps?", "id": "5ad4a4faba00c4001a268ea9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Jordanes tells us that the Sclaveni had swamps and forests for their cities. Another 6th-century source refers to them living among nearly impenetrable forests, rivers, lakes, and marshes."}], ["Hubungan antara Slav dan suku yang disebut Veneti di sebelah timur Sungai Vistula dalam zaman Roman tidak pasti. Nama tersebut boleh merujuk kepada Balts and Slavs. <> Hubungan yang tidak pasti telah diadakan antara Slav dan siapa? || yang Veneti <> suku kaum Veneti terletak di mana? || timur Sungai Vistula <> Apa nama boleh merujuk kepada Balts dan Slavs? || Veneti <> Kapan hubungan antara Slavs dan Veneti tidak menentu? || dalam zaman Rom <> Apa yang Slavs timur? || <> Siapa yang Balts mempunyai hubungan yang tidak selesa dengan? || <> Apa suku di timur Slavs? || <> Apa yang dirujuk oleh zaman Rom? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "An uncertain relationship was held between the Slavs and who?", "id": "56f7211e3d8e2e1400e3737e", "answers": [{"text": "the Veneti", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Veneti tribe was located where?", "id": "56f7211e3d8e2e1400e3737f", "answers": [{"text": "east of the River Vistula", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What name may refer both to Balts and Slavs?", "id": "56f7211e3d8e2e1400e37380", "answers": [{"text": "Veneti", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the relationship between the Slavs and Veneti uncertain?", "id": "56f7211e3d8e2e1400e37381", "answers": [{"text": "in the Roman period", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the River Vistula", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "What were the Slavs east of?", "id": "5ad4a602ba00c4001a268eb8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Slavs", "answer_start": 162}], "question": "Who did the Balts have an uncomfortable relationship with?", "id": "5ad4a602ba00c4001a268eb9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Veneti", "answer_start": 54}], "question": "What tribe was to the east of the Slavs?", "id": "5ad4a602ba00c4001a268eba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "both to Balts and Slavs", "answer_start": 144}], "question": "What did the Roman period refer to?", "id": "5ad4a602ba00c4001a268ebb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The relationship between the Slavs and a tribe called the Veneti east of the River Vistula in the Roman period is uncertain. The name may refer both to Balts and Slavs."}], ["Separuh pertama abad ke-20 di Rusia dan Soviet Union ditandai dengan berturut-turut peperangan, kelaparan dan bencana lain, masing-masing disertai dengan kerugian populasi besar-besaran. Stephen J. Lee menganggarkan bahawa, pada akhir Perang Dunia II pada tahun 1945, penduduk Rusia kira-kira 90 juta kurang daripada yang mungkin sebaliknya. <> Separuh pertama abad ke-20 ditandai oleh apa yang berlaku di Rusia dan Soviet Union? || penggantian peperangan, kelaparan dan bencana lain <> Yang menganggarkan penduduk Rusia adalah 90 juta lebih sedikit daripada yang mungkin berlaku pada tahun 1945? || Stephen J. Lee <> Bilakah penduduk Rusia dianggarkan kira-kira 90 juta lebih sedikit daripada mungkin? || 1945 <> Apa yang ditandakan dengan penggantian peperangan, kelaparan, dan bencana lain pada abad ke-20? || Rusia dan Soviet Union <> Kapan Stephen J. Lee membuat perkiraannya tentang penduduk Rusia? || <> Berapa ramai orang membunuh kebuluran di Rusia? || <> Siapa yang Rusia berperang pada separuh pertama abad ke-20? || <> Siapa yang menamatkan perang pada tahun 1945? || <> Apakah kewarganegaraan Stephen J. Lee? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The first half of the 20th century was marked by what in Russia and the Soviet Union?", "id": "56f7366c711bf01900a44a64", "answers": [{"text": "succession of wars, famines and other disasters", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who estimated the Russian population was 90 million fewer than it could have been in 1945?", "id": "56f7366c711bf01900a44a65", "answers": [{"text": "Stephen J. Lee", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Russian population estimated to be about 90 million fewer than it could have been?", "id": "56f7366c711bf01900a44a66", "answers": [{"text": "1945", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was marked by succession of wars, famines, and other disasters in the 20th century?", "id": "56f7366c711bf01900a44a67", "answers": [{"text": "Russia and the Soviet Union", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1945", "answer_start": 243}], "question": "When did Stephen J. Lee make his estimate about the Russian population?", "id": "5ad4ab1f5b96ef001a109d5a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "90 million", "answer_start": 282}], "question": "How many people did famine kill in Russia?", "id": "5ad4ab1f5b96ef001a109d5b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Soviet Union", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "Who did Russia fight with in the first half of the 20th century?", "id": "5ad4ab1f5b96ef001a109d5c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Stephen J. Lee", "answer_start": 182}], "question": "Who ended the war in 1945?", "id": "5ad4ab1f5b96ef001a109d5d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russian", "answer_start": 253}], "question": "What is Stephen J. Lee's nationality?", "id": "5ad4ab1f5b96ef001a109d5e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The first half of the 20th century in Russia and the Soviet Union was marked by a succession of wars, famines and other disasters, each accompanied by large-scale population losses. Stephen J. Lee estimates that, by the end of World War II in 1945, the Russian population was about 90 million fewer than it could have been otherwise."}], ["Pelindung Menander menyebutkan sebuah Daurentius (577-579) yang membunuh seorang duta Avar dari Khagan Bayan I. Avars meminta Slavs untuk menerima kekuasaan Avar, namun dia menolak dan dilaporkan berkata: \"Orang lain tidak menakluk tanah kita, kita menakluk mereka - jadi ia akan sentiasa ada untuk kita \". <> Siapa yang menyebut Daurentius (577-579) yang membunuh utusan Avar dari Khagan Bayan I? || Pelindung Menander <> Siapa yang membunuh utusan Khagan Bayan I? || Daurentius <> Slavs diminta untuk menerima kuasa dari siapa? || yang Avars <> Yang berkata, \"Yang lain tidak menakluk tanah kita, kita menakluk mereka - jadi itu akan selalu menjadi bagi kita.\"? || Daurentius <> Yang utusan disembelih oleh Daurentius? || Khagan Bayan I <> Bilakah Pelindung hidup? || <> Apa jenis utusan yang Khagan Bayan saya hancurkan? || <> Siapa yang diminta oleh Slavs untuk menerima suzerainty mereka? || <> Apa yang dikatakan Pelindung tentang tanah yang menaklukkan? || <> Siapa yang menyembelih dendam Avar? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who mentions a Daurentius (577\u2013579) that slew an Avar envoy of Khagan Bayan I?", "id": "56f7208f711bf01900a449ae", "answers": [{"text": "Menander Protector", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who slew an envoy of Khagan Bayan I?", "id": "56f7208f711bf01900a449af", "answers": [{"text": "Daurentius", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Slavs were asked to accept the suzerainty of whom?", "id": "56f7208f711bf01900a449b0", "answers": [{"text": "the Avars", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said, \"Others do not conquer our land, we conquer theirs \u2013 so it shall always be for us.\"?", "id": "56f7208f711bf01900a449b1", "answers": [{"text": "Daurentius", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose envoy was slaughtered by Daurentius?", "id": "56f7208f711bf01900a449b2", "answers": [{"text": "Khagan Bayan I", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "577\u2013579", "answer_start": 42}], "question": "When did Protector live?", "id": "5ad4a57aba00c4001a268eae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Avar", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "What kind of envoy did Khagan Bayan I destroy?", "id": "5ad4a57aba00c4001a268eaf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Avars", "answer_start": 94}], "question": "Who did the Slavs ask to accept their suzerainty?", "id": "5ad4a57aba00c4001a268eb0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Others do not conquer our land, we conquer theirs", "answer_start": 207}], "question": "What did Protector say about conquering land?", "id": "5ad4a57aba00c4001a268eb1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Daurentius", "answer_start": 30}], "question": "Who did the Avar envoy slaughter?", "id": "5ad4a57aba00c4001a268eb2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Menander Protector mentions a Daurentius (577\u2013579) that slew an Avar envoy of Khagan Bayan I. The Avars asked the Slavs to accept the suzerainty of the Avars, he however declined and is reported as saying: \"Others do not conquer our land, we conquer theirs \u2013 so it shall always be for us\"."}], ["Apabila pergerakan penghijrahan mereka berakhir, muncul di antara Slavs sebagai asas pertama organisasi negara, masing-masing diketuai oleh putera dengan perbendaharaan dan pasukan pertahanan. Selain itu, ia adalah permulaan pembezaan kelas, dan para bangsawan bersumpah sama ada kepada Maharaja Frankish / Holy Roman atau Kaisar Byzantine. <> Apa yang muncul di kalangan Slav apabila pergerakan penghijrahan mereka berakhir? || asas pertama organisasi negara <> Bilakah asas pertama organisasi negara muncul di kalangan Slav? || Apabila pergerakan berhijrah mereka berakhir <> Pertubuhan negara awal di mana yang diketuai oleh apa? || seorang putera dengan perbendaharaan dan pasukan pertahanan <> Noble Slavs berjanji setia kepada siapa? || Maharaja Frank / Suci Romawi atau Kaisar Byzantine <> Siapa yang Kaisar Byzantine bersumpah kepada kesetiaan? || <> Apa nama lain untuk Kaisar Byzantine? || <> Apakah permulaan pembezaan kelas berakhir? || <> Siapa yang mengetuai Maharaja Frankish? || <> Apa dua perkara yang ada setiap bangsawan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What appeared among the Slavs when their migratory movements ended?", "id": "56f726613d8e2e1400e373a4", "answers": [{"text": "the first rudiments of state organizations", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the first rudiments of state organizations appear among the Slavs?", "id": "56f726613d8e2e1400e373a5", "answers": [{"text": "When their migratory movements ended", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Early state organizations where headed by what?", "id": "56f726613d8e2e1400e373a6", "answers": [{"text": "a prince with a treasury and a defense force", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Noble Slavs pledged allegiance to whom?", "id": "56f726613d8e2e1400e373a7", "answers": [{"text": "the Frankish/ Holy Roman Emperors or the Byzantine Emperors", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "nobles", "answer_start": 236}], "question": "Who did the Byzantine Emperors pledge allegiance to?", "id": "5ad4a8225b96ef001a109d1e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Frankish", "answer_start": 276}], "question": "What is another name for the Byzantine Emperors?", "id": "5ad4a8225b96ef001a109d1f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "their migratory movements", "answer_start": 5}], "question": "What did the beginnings of class differentiation end?", "id": "5ad4a8225b96ef001a109d20", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a prince", "answer_start": 128}], "question": "Who headed the Frankish Emperors?", "id": "5ad4a8225b96ef001a109d21", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a treasury and a defense force", "answer_start": 142}], "question": "What two things did each noble have?", "id": "5ad4a8225b96ef001a109d22", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "When their migratory movements ended, there appeared among the Slavs the first rudiments of state organizations, each headed by a prince with a treasury and a defense force. Moreover, it was the beginnings of class differentiation, and nobles pledged allegiance either to the Frankish/ Holy Roman Emperors or the Byzantine Emperors."}], ["Semasa Perang Dunia II, Generalplan Ost Hitler (pelan umum untuk Timur) melibatkan pembunuhan, pengusiran, atau memperbudak penduduk Slavia dan Yahudi yang diduduki Eropah Timur untuk membuat Lebensraum (ruang hidup) untuk peneroka Jerman. Pelan Kelaparan Nazi dan Generalplan Ost akan membawa kepada kebuluran 80 juta orang di Kesatuan Soviet. Rancangan yang dipenuhi sebahagiannya mengakibatkan kematian kira-kira 19.3 juta orang awam dan tahanan perang. <> Rancangan siapa untuk Timur melibatkan membunuh, mengusir, atau memperbudak Slav? || Hitler <> Apa yang menyebabkan kebuluran 80 juta orang di Kesatuan Soviet? || Pelan Kelaparan Nazi dan Pelan Merdeka <> Pelan Kelaparan Nazi dan Generalplan Ost mengakibatkan kematian dan pemenjaraan berapa ramai orang? || 19.3 juta orang awam <> Apakah perkataan Jerman untuk ruang hidup? || Lebensraum <> Berapa banyak tawanan perang yang sepatutnya mati dari Rencana Kelaparan? || <> Siapa yang merancang untuk mengusir peneroka Jerman? || <> 80 juta orang mati di negara apa? || <> Apakah perkataan Slavic untuk ruang hidup? || <> Apa rancangan berjaya menghasilkan 80 juta orang kelaparan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Whose plan for the East entailed killing, deporting, or enslaving the Slavs?", "id": "56f7302e711bf01900a44a48", "answers": [{"text": "Hitler's", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What would have led to the starvation of 80 million people in the Soviet Union?", "id": "56f7302e711bf01900a44a49", "answers": [{"text": "The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost resulted in the death and imprisonment of how many people?", "id": "56f7302e711bf01900a44a4a", "answers": [{"text": "19.3 million civilians", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the German word for living space?", "id": "56f7302e711bf01900a44a4b", "answers": [{"text": "Lebensraum", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "19.3 million", "answer_start": 420}], "question": "How many prisoners of war were supposed to die from the Hunger Plan?", "id": "5ad4aa805b96ef001a109d50", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hitler", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "Who planned to deport German settlers?", "id": "5ad4aa805b96ef001a109d51", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Soviet Union", "answer_start": 331}], "question": "80 million people died in what country?", "id": "5ad4aa805b96ef001a109d52", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lebensraum", "answer_start": 186}], "question": "What is the Slavic word for living space?", "id": "5ad4aa805b96ef001a109d53", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost", "answer_start": 233}], "question": "What plans successfully resulted in 80 million people starving?", "id": "5ad4aa805b96ef001a109d54", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During World War II, Hitler's Generalplan Ost (general plan for the East) entailed killing, deporting, or enslaving the Slavic and Jewish population of occupied Eastern Europe to create Lebensraum (living space) for German settlers. The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost would have led to the starvation of 80 million people in the Soviet Union. These partially fulfilled plans resulted in the deaths of an estimated 19.3 million civilians and prisoners of war."}], ["Menurut teori tanah air timur, sebelum menjadi terkenal di dunia Rom, suku-suku berbahasa Slavic merupakan bagian dari banyak konflik multi-etnis Eurasia - seperti empayar Sarmatian, Hun dan Gothic. Slavs muncul dari ketidakjelasan ketika pergerakan orang-orang Barat ke arah barat pada abad ke-5 dan ke-6 CE (yang dianggap bersempadan dengan pergerakan orang-orang dari Siberia dan Eropah Timur: Hun, dan kemudian Avar dan Bulgars) memulakan penghijrahan besar Slavs , yang menetap tanah-tanah yang ditinggalkan oleh puak-puak Jerman melarikan diri dari Hun dan sekutu mereka: ke barat ke negara antara Oder dan garis Elbe-Saale; ke arah selatan Bohemia, Moravia, sebagian besar Austria saat ini, dataran Pannonia dan Balkan; dan ke utara sepanjang sungai Dnieper atas. Mungkin sesetengah Slavs berhijrah dengan pergerakan Vandals ke Iberia dan utara Afrika. <> Suku-suku berbahasa Slavik adalah sebahagian daripada apa yang sebelum menjadi terkenal di dunia Rom? || pelbagai konflik etnik di Eurasia <> Apakah beberapa konfigurasi pelbagai etnik Eurasia? || Sarmatian, Hun dan Gothic empires <> Siapa yang memulakan penghijrahan besar Slavs? || Jerman <> Beberapa Slav yang berhijrah dengan pergerakan Vandals ke mana? || Iberia dan Afrika Utara <> Siapa puak Jerman yang melarikan diri? || Bangsa dan sekutu mereka <> Apa kerajaan-kerajaan adalah sebahagian daripada dunia Rom? || <> Bilakah orang Sarmatians bergerak ke arah barat? || <> Siapa yang menetap di langsir yang ditinggalkan oleh Slavs? || <> Siapa yang melarikan diri dari Jerman? || <> Teori apa yang mencadangkan suku kaum Slavic tidak diketahui oleh dunia Rom? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Slavic-speaking tribes were part of what prior to becoming known to the Roman world?", "id": "56f7233b711bf01900a449d6", "answers": [{"text": "multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were some of the multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia?", "id": "56f7233b711bf01900a449d7", "answers": [{"text": "the Sarmatian, Hun and Gothic empires", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who started the great migration of the Slavs?", "id": "56f7233b711bf01900a449d8", "answers": [{"text": "Germans", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some Slavs migrated with the movement of the Vandals to where?", "id": "56f7233b711bf01900a449d9", "answers": [{"text": "Iberia and north Africa", "answer_start": 848}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were the Germanic tribes fleeing?", "id": "56f7233b711bf01900a449da", "answers": [{"text": "the Huns and their allies", "answer_start": 545}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sarmatian, Hun and Gothic", "answer_start": 179}], "question": "What empires were part of the Roman world?", "id": "5ad4a6bbba00c4001a268ed4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the 5th and 6th centuries CE", "answer_start": 288}], "question": "When did the Sarmatians move westward?", "id": "5ad4a6bbba00c4001a268ed5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Germanic tribes", "answer_start": 521}], "question": "Who settled in langs abandoned by the Slavs?", "id": "5ad4a6bbba00c4001a268ed6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Huns, and later Avars and Bulgars", "answer_start": 409}], "question": "Who was fleeing from the Germans?", "id": "5ad4a6bbba00c4001a268ed7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "eastern homeland theory", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "What theory suggests the Slavic tribes were unknown to the Roman world?", "id": "5ad4a6bbba00c4001a268ed8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to eastern homeland theory, prior to becoming known to the Roman world, Slavic-speaking tribes were part of the many multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia \u2013 such as the Sarmatian, Hun and Gothic empires. The Slavs emerged from obscurity when the westward movement of Germans in the 5th and 6th centuries CE (thought to be in conjunction with the movement of peoples from Siberia and Eastern Europe: Huns, and later Avars and Bulgars) started the great migration of the Slavs, who settled the lands abandoned by Germanic tribes fleeing the Huns and their allies: westward into the country between the Oder and the Elbe-Saale line; southward into Bohemia, Moravia, much of present-day Austria, the Pannonian plain and the Balkans; and northward along the upper Dnieper river. Perhaps some Slavs migrated with the movement of the Vandals to Iberia and north Africa."}], ["Pada abad ke-7, saudagar Frank Samo, yang menyokong Slavs memerangi penguasa Avar mereka, menjadi pemerintah negara Slav yang pertama diketahui di Eropah Tengah, yang, bagaimanapun, kemungkinan besar tidak dapat hidup lebih lama daripada pengasasnya dan penguasa. Ini memberikan asas untuk negara-negara Slavik berikutnya untuk muncul di kawasan bekas tanah ini dengan Carantania menjadi yang tertua dari mereka. Sangat tua juga adalah Principality of Nitra dan Moravian principality (lihat di bawah Great Moravia). Dalam tempoh ini, terdapat kumpulan-kumpulan utama Slavia dan negara-negara seperti Balaton Principality, tetapi pengembangan Magyars berikutnya, serta Germanisation Austria, memisahkan Slavs utara dan selatan. Empayar Bulgaria Pertama didirikan pada tahun 681, bahasa Slavik Bulgaria Lama menjadi utama dan rasmi kekaisaran pada tahun 864. Bulgaria berperanan penting dalam penyebaran literasi Slavik dan Kekristianan ke seluruh dunia Slavia. <> Bilakah Samo menjadi penguasa negara Slav yang pertama? || abad ke-7 <> Apa pedagang Frankish adalah pemerintah negara Slav yang pertama di Eropah Tengah? || Samo <> Apakah negara Slav tertua di Eropah Tengah? || Carantania <> Bilakah Empayar Bulgaria pertama ditubuhkan? || 681 <> Bulgaria berperanan penting dalam penyebaran apa ke seluruh dunia Slavik? || Keturunan Slavik dan Kristian <> Yang menyokong penguasa Avar? || <> Apa yang lebih besar daripada pemerintah Slav yang pertama? || <> Di mana keadaan Avar yang pertama diketahui? || <> Apa yang menjadi bahasa rasmi sebuah empayar di 681? || <> Bilakah Carantania diasaskan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Samo become the ruler of the first known Slav state?", "id": "56f728733d8e2e1400e373ac", "answers": [{"text": "the 7th century", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Frankish merchant was the ruler of the first Slav state in Central Europe?", "id": "56f728733d8e2e1400e373ad", "answers": [{"text": "Samo", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the oldest Slav state in Central Europe?", "id": "56f728733d8e2e1400e373ae", "answers": [{"text": "Carantania", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the first Bulgarian Empire founded?", "id": "56f728733d8e2e1400e373af", "answers": [{"text": "681", "answer_start": 751}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bulgaria was instrumental in the spread of what to the rest of the Slavic world?", "id": "56f728733d8e2e1400e373b0", "answers": [{"text": "Slavic literacy and Christianity", "answer_start": 884}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Samo", "answer_start": 42}], "question": "Who supported the Avar rulers?", "id": "5ad4a8ed5b96ef001a109d32", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the first known Slav state", "answer_start": 120}], "question": "What outlived the first Slav ruler?", "id": "5ad4a8ed5b96ef001a109d33", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Central Europe", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "Where was the first known Avar state?", "id": "5ad4a8ed5b96ef001a109d34", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Old Bulgarian", "answer_start": 776}], "question": "What became the official language of an empire in 681?", "id": "5ad4a8ed5b96ef001a109d35", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "681", "answer_start": 751}], "question": "When was Carantania founded?", "id": "5ad4a8ed5b96ef001a109d36", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the 7th century, the Frankish merchant Samo, who supported the Slavs fighting their Avar rulers, became the ruler of the first known Slav state in Central Europe, which, however, most probably did not outlive its founder and ruler. This provided the foundation for subsequent Slavic states to arise on the former territory of this realm with Carantania being the oldest of them. Very old also are the Principality of Nitra and the Moravian principality (see under Great Moravia). In this period, there existed central Slavic groups and states such as the Balaton Principality, but the subsequent expansion of the Magyars, as well as the Germanisation of Austria, separated the northern and southern Slavs. The First Bulgarian Empire was founded in 681, the Slavic language Old Bulgarian became the main and official of the empire in 864. Bulgaria was instrumental in the spread of Slavic literacy and Christianity to the rest of the Slavic world."}], ["Sekitar abad ke-6, Slavs muncul di sempadan Byzantine dengan jumlah yang banyak. [Halaman diperlukan] Rekod Byzantine mencatatkan bahawa rumput tidak akan tumbuh kembali di tempat-tempat di mana Slavs telah berarak, begitu banyak bilangan mereka. Selepas pergerakan tentera walaupun Peloponnese dan Asia Minor dilaporkan mempunyai penempatan Slavia. Pergerakan selatan ini secara tradisional dilihat sebagai perkembangan yang invasif. Menjelang akhir abad ke-6, Slav telah menyelesaikan kawasan Alps Timur. <> Bilakah Slavs muncul di sempadan Byzantine? || Sekitar abad ke-6 <> Slavs muncul di sempadan abad ke-6? || Sempadan Byzantine <> Di mana lagi dilaporkan penempatan Slavia? || Peloponnese dan Asia Minor <> Di manakah Slavs diselesaikan pada akhir abad ke-6? || Alps Timur <> Bilakah Slavs menetap Alps Timur? || Pada akhir abad ke-6 <> Bilakah Peloponnese muncul di sempadan Byzantine? || <> Apa yang dicatat oleh Slav nota tidak boleh tumbuh selepas kehadiran mereka? || <> Di mana Hamba telah diselesaikan pada awal abad ke-6? || <> Bagaimana pergerakan empayar Byzantium selatan dipahami? || <> Di manakah Peloponnese muncul pada awal c 6? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Slavs appear on Byzantine borders?", "id": "56f724b9711bf01900a449e0", "answers": [{"text": "Around the 6th century", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Slavs appeared on whose borders around the 6th century?", "id": "56f724b9711bf01900a449e1", "answers": [{"text": "Byzantine borders", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where else reported Slavic settlements?", "id": "56f724b9711bf01900a449e2", "answers": [{"text": "Peloponnese and Asia Minor", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where had the Slavs settled by the end of the 6th century?", "id": "56f724b9711bf01900a449e3", "answers": [{"text": "the Eastern Alps", "answer_start": 452}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When had the Slavs settled the Eastern Alps?", "id": "56f724b9711bf01900a449e4", "answers": [{"text": "By the end of the 6th century", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Around the 6th century", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "When did the Peloponnese appear on Byzantine borders?", "id": "5ad4a796ba00c4001a268ef2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "grass", "answer_start": 123}], "question": "What did Slav records note could not grow after their presence?", "id": "5ad4a796ba00c4001a268ef3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Eastern Alps regions", "answer_start": 452}], "question": "Where were Slave settled at the beginning of the 6th century?", "id": "5ad4a796ba00c4001a268ef4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "as an invasive expansion", "answer_start": 377}], "question": "How has the southern movement of the Byzantine empire been understood?", "id": "5ad4a796ba00c4001a268ef5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Byzantine borders", "answer_start": 42}], "question": "Where did the Peloponnese appear at the beginning of the 6th c?", "id": "5ad4a796ba00c4001a268ef6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Around the 6th century, Slavs appeared on Byzantine borders in great numbers.[page needed] The Byzantine records note that grass would not regrow in places where the Slavs had marched through, so great were their numbers. After a military movement even the Peloponnese and Asia Minor were reported to have Slavic settlements. This southern movement has traditionally been seen as an invasive expansion. By the end of the 6th century, Slavs had settled the Eastern Alps regions."}], ["Pada tahun 1878, terdapat hanya tiga negeri Slavia percuma di dunia: Empayar Rusia, Serbia dan Montenegro. Bulgaria juga bebas tetapi menjadi jajahan de jure kepada Empayar Uthmaniyyah sehingga kemerdekaan rasmi diisytiharkan pada tahun 1908. Di seluruh Empayar Austro-Hungaria kira-kira 50 juta orang, kira-kira 23 juta adalah Slavs. Orang-orang Slavia, yang sebahagian besarnya, menafikan suara dalam hal ehwal Empayar Austro-Hungaria, memanggil penentuan nasib negara. Semasa Perang Dunia I, wakil-wakil orang Czech, Slovaks, Poland, Serbs, Croats, dan Slovenes telah menubuhkan organisasi di negara-negara Sekutu untuk memperoleh simpati dan pengiktirafan. Pada 1918, selepas Perang Dunia I berakhir, Slavs menubuhkan negara bebas seperti Czechoslovakia, Republik Poland Kedua, dan Negeri Slovenia, Croats dan Serbs. <> Apa tiga negeri Slavia percuma di dunia pada 1878? || Kerajaan Rusia, Serbia dan Montenegro <> Bilakah Empayar Rusia, Serbia, dan Montenegro satu-satunya negara Slavia yang bebas di dunia? || 1878 <> Kemerdekaan rasmi yang diisytiharkan pada tahun 1908? || Bulgaria <> Ketika negara-negara merdeka seperti Czechoslovakia, Republik Polandia Kedua, dan Negeri Slovenia, Kroasia dan Serbia ditubuhkan? || Pada tahun 1918 <> Apa itu Serbia de jure vassal pada tahun 1878? || <> Bilakah kemerdekaan Montenegro diisytiharkan? || <> Berapa ramai orang di Empayar Uthmaniyyah? || <> Apa yang berakhir pada tahun 1878? || <> Berapa banyak Slav tinggal di Czechoslovakia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What three free Slavic states were in the world as of 1878?", "id": "56f729ce711bf01900a44a0e", "answers": [{"text": "the Russian Empire, Serbia and Montenegro", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the Russian Empire, Serbia, and Montenegro the only free Slavic states in the world?", "id": "56f729ce711bf01900a44a0f", "answers": [{"text": "1878", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose official independence was declared in 1908?", "id": "56f729ce711bf01900a44a10", "answers": [{"text": "Bulgaria", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were independent states as Czechoslovakia, the Second Polish Republic, and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs established?", "id": "56f729ce711bf01900a44a11", "answers": [{"text": "In 1918", "answer_start": 661}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Ottoman Empire", "answer_start": 159}], "question": "What was Serbia de jure vassal to in 1878?", "id": "5ad4a97f5b96ef001a109d3c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1908", "answer_start": 222}], "question": "When was Montenegro's independence declared?", "id": "5ad4a97f5b96ef001a109d3d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "50 million people", "answer_start": 283}], "question": "How many people were in the Ottoman Empire?", "id": "5ad4a97f5b96ef001a109d3e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "World War I", "answer_start": 676}], "question": "What ended in 1878?", "id": "5ad4a97f5b96ef001a109d3f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "23 million", "answer_start": 308}], "question": "How many Slavs lived in Czechoslovakia?", "id": "5ad4a97f5b96ef001a109d40", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "As of 1878, there were only three free Slavic states in the world: the Russian Empire, Serbia and Montenegro. Bulgaria was also free but was de jure vassal to the Ottoman Empire until official independence was declared in 1908. In the entire Austro-Hungarian Empire of approximately 50 million people, about 23 million were Slavs. The Slavic peoples who were, for the most part, denied a voice in the affairs of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, were calling for national self-determination. During World War I, representatives of the Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes set up organizations in the Allied countries to gain sympathy and recognition. In 1918, after World War I ended, the Slavs established such independent states as Czechoslovakia, the Second Polish Republic, and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs."}], ["Kajian Slavik bermula sebagai perusahaan linguistik dan filologi yang hampir eksklusif. Seawal tahun 1833, bahasa Slavik diiktiraf sebagai Indo-Eropah. <> Apa yang bermula sebagai perusahaan linguistik dan filologi yang hampir eksklusif? || Kajian Slavik <> Bilakah bahasa Slavik diiktiraf sebagai Indo-Eropah? || Seawal 1833 <> Bahasa apa yang dikenali sebagai Indo-Eropah? || Bahasa Slavik <> Pada tahun 1833, bahasa Slavik diiktiraf sebagai apa? || Indo-European <> Bilakah kajian Slavik menjadi perusahaan linguistik? || <> Apakah kajian Indo-Eropah diiktiraf sebagai? || <> Apa kajian Indo-Eropah bermula? || <> Apa yang diiktiraf sebagai bahasa Slavik? || <> Bilakah kajian linguistik bermula? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What began as an almost exclusively linguistic and philological enterprise?", "id": "56f740d5aef2371900625a47", "answers": [{"text": "Slavic studies", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were Slavic languages recognized as Indo-European?", "id": "56f740d5aef2371900625a48", "answers": [{"text": "As early as 1833", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What languages were recognized as Indo-European?", "id": "56f740d5aef2371900625a49", "answers": [{"text": "Slavic languages", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1833, Slavic languages were recognized as what?", "id": "56f740d5aef2371900625a4a", "answers": [{"text": "Indo-European", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1833", "answer_start": 98}], "question": "When did Slavic studies become a linguistic enterprise?", "id": "5ad4b73c5b96ef001a109e32", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Slavic languages", "answer_start": 104}], "question": "What were Indo-European studies recognized as?", "id": "5ad4b73c5b96ef001a109e33", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "linguistic and philological enterprise", "answer_start": 46}], "question": "What did Indo-European studies begin as?", "id": "5ad4b73c5b96ef001a109e34", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Indo-European", "answer_start": 140}], "question": "What was recognized as Slavic languages?", "id": "5ad4b73d5b96ef001a109e35", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "As early as 1833", "answer_start": 86}], "question": "When did linguistic studies begin?", "id": "5ad4b73d5b96ef001a109e36", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Slavic studies began as an almost exclusively linguistic and philological enterprise. As early as 1833, Slavic languages were recognized as Indo-European."}], ["Slavs biasanya dibahagikan mengikut garis-garis geografi ke dalam tiga subkelompok utama: Slavia Barat, Slavia Timur, dan Slav Selatan, masing-masing dengan latar belakang yang berbeza dan berbeza berdasarkan sejarah, agama dan budaya unik kumpulan Slavia tertentu di dalamnya. Selain dari budaya arkeologi prasejarah, subkelompok ini mempunyai hubungan budaya yang ketara dengan tamadun bukan Slavik Gangsa dan Tamadun Umur Zaman. <> Siapa yang biasanya dibahagikan mengikut garis geografi ke dalam subkumpulan utama pokok? || Slavs <> Apa tiga subkumpulan utama Slavs dibahagikan kepada? || Slavs Barat, Slavs Timur, dan Slavs Selatan <> Slavs sub kelompok mempunyai hubungan budaya yang ketara dengan jenis tamadun apa? || bukan-Slavik Gangsa dan Zaman Besi <> Berapa banyak kumpulan-kumpulan tamadun zaman gangsa bukan Slavik dibahagikan kepada? || <> Bagaimana subkumpulan Slavs Barat dibahagikan? || <> Kumpulan apa yang Slavs sebahagian besarnya mengelakkan? || <> Apa semua bahagian kecil berkongsi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is customarily divided along geographical lines into tree major subgroups?", "id": "56f7467aaef2371900625a93", "answers": [{"text": "Slavs", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What three major subgroups are Slavs divided into?", "id": "56f7467aaef2371900625a94", "answers": [{"text": "West Slavs, East Slavs, and South Slavs", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Slav subgroups have had notable cultural contact with what kind of civilisations?", "id": "56f7467aaef2371900625a95", "answers": [{"text": "non-Slavic Bronze- and Iron Age", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 60}], "question": "How many groups are non-Slavic bronze age civilisations divided into?", "id": "5ad4bb2d5b96ef001a109e6c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "along geographical lines", "answer_start": 30}], "question": "How is the West Slavs subgroup divided?", "id": "5ad4bb2d5b96ef001a109e6d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "non-Slavic Bronze- and Iron Age civilisations", "answer_start": 361}], "question": "What group did the Slavs largely avoid?", "id": "5ad4bb2d5b96ef001a109e6e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "history, religion and culture", "answer_start": 187}], "question": "What do all subgroups share?", "id": "5ad4bb2d5b96ef001a109e6f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Slavs are customarily divided along geographical lines into three major subgroups: West Slavs, East Slavs, and South Slavs, each with a different and a diverse background based on unique history, religion and culture of particular Slavic groups within them. Apart from prehistorical archaeological cultures, the subgroups have had notable cultural contact with non-Slavic Bronze- and Iron Age civilisations."}], ["Proto-Slavic, bahasa leluhur yang sepatutnya dari semua bahasa Slavia, adalah keturunan Proto-Indo-Eropah yang biasa, melalui tahap Balto-Slavik di mana ia membentuk banyak isomali leksikal dan morfofonologi dengan bahasa-bahasa Baltik. Dalam rangka hipotesis Kurgan, \"orang-orang Indo-Eropah yang tinggal selepas perpindahan [dari padang rumput] menjadi penutur Balto-Slavic\". <> Apakah nenek moyang semua bahasa Slavik? || Proto-Slavic <> Proto-Slavic mengembangkan isoglosses leksikal dan morfofonologi dengan bahasa apa? || Bahasa Baltik <> Orang-orang Indo-Eropah yang tinggal selepas perpindahan menjadi penceramah apa? || Balto-Slavic <> Siapa yang menjadi penutur Balto-Slavic? || Indo-Eropah <> Proto-Slavic adalah keturunan apa? || Proto-Indo-European <> Apa yang turun dari Proto-Indo-Eropah? || <> Bagaimana Proto-Slavic menjadi bahasa nenek moyang kepada semua orang Slavik? || <> Apa bentuk Proto-Indo-Eropah dengan bahasa Balto? || <> Apa yang mencadangkan kaum Indo-Eropah yang berhijrah menjadi penutur Balto-Slavik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the supposed ancestor of all Slavic languages?", "id": "56f74318aef2371900625a59", "answers": [{"text": "Proto-Slavic", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Proto-Slavic developed numerous lexical and morphophonological isoglosses with what languages?", "id": "56f74318aef2371900625a5a", "answers": [{"text": "Baltic languages", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Indo-Europeans who remained after the migrations became speakers of what?", "id": "56f74318aef2371900625a5b", "answers": [{"text": "Balto-Slavic", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who became speakers of Balto-Slavic?", "id": "56f74318aef2371900625a5c", "answers": [{"text": "Indo-Europeans", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Proto-Slavic is a descendant of what?", "id": "56f74318aef2371900625a5d", "answers": [{"text": "Proto-Indo-European", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Proto-Slavic", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What does Proto-Indo-European descend from?", "id": "5ad4b9265b96ef001a109e46", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a Balto-Slavic stage", "answer_start": 121}], "question": "How did Proto-Slavic become the ancestor language to all Slavic?", "id": "5ad4b9265b96ef001a109e47", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "numerous lexical and morphophonological isoglosses", "answer_start": 164}], "question": "What did Proto-Indo-European form with Balto languages?", "id": "5ad4b9265b96ef001a109e48", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Kurgan hypothesis", "answer_start": 262}], "question": "What proposes the Indo-Europeans that migrated became speakers of Balto-Slavic?", "id": "5ad4b9265b96ef001a109e49", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Proto-Slavic, the supposed ancestor language of all Slavic languages, is a descendant of common Proto-Indo-European, via a Balto-Slavic stage in which it developed numerous lexical and morphophonological isoglosses with the Baltic languages. In the framework of the Kurgan hypothesis, \"the Indo-Europeans who remained after the migrations [from the steppe] became speakers of Balto-Slavic\"."}], ["Bekas negara-negara Soviet, serta negara-negara yang pernah menjadi negara satelit atau wilayah Perjanjian Warsaw, mempunyai banyak penduduk minoriti Slavia, yang kebanyakannya berasal dari SFSR Rusia, SSR Ukraine dan SSR Belarus. Sehingga sekarang, Kazakhstan mempunyai penduduk minoriti Slavik terbesar dengan kebanyakan orang Rusia (Ukraine, Belarusians dan Poland juga hadir tetapi dalam jumlah yang lebih kecil). <> Ramai penduduk Slavic yang sebahagian daripada Pakta Warsaw berasal dari mana? || SFSR Rusia, SSR Ukraine dan SSR Belarus <> Apa itu minoriti Slavik terbesar? || Rusia <> Di mana minoriti Slavik terbesar terletak? || Kazakhstan <> Apa lagi golongan minoriti Slavik di Kazakhstan? || Ukraine, Belarusians dan Poland <> Negara mana yang mempunyai penduduk Ukraine terbesar? || <> Apakah Pakta Warsaw pada asalnya sebahagian daripada? || <> Apakah populasi terbesar di Kazakhstan? || <> Apakah satu contoh keadaan satelit? || <> Apakah minoriti terkecil di Kazakhstan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Many Slavic populations that were part of the Warsaw Pact are originally from where?", "id": "56f73db4aef2371900625a3f", "answers": [{"text": "the Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the largest Slavic minority?", "id": "56f73db4aef2371900625a40", "answers": [{"text": "Russians", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the largest Slavic minority located?", "id": "56f73db4aef2371900625a41", "answers": [{"text": "Kazakhstan", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other Slavic minorities are in Kazakhstan?", "id": "56f73db4aef2371900625a42", "answers": [{"text": "Ukrainians, Belarusians and Poles", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kazakhstan", "answer_start": 252}], "question": "What country has the largest Ukrainian population?", "id": "5ad4b5f75b96ef001a109e1e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR", "answer_start": 187}], "question": "What was the Warsaw Pact originally part of?", "id": "5ad4b5f75b96ef001a109e1f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Russians", "answer_start": 322}], "question": "What is the largest population in Kazakhstan?", "id": "5ad4b5f75b96ef001a109e20", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "territories of the Warsaw Pact", "answer_start": 79}], "question": "What is an example of a satellite state?", "id": "5ad4b5f75b96ef001a109e21", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Slavic", "answer_start": 279}], "question": "What is the smallest minority in Kazakhstan?", "id": "5ad4b5f75b96ef001a109e22", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Former Soviet states, as well as countries that used to be satellite states or territories of the Warsaw Pact, have numerous minority Slavic populations, many of whom are originally from the Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR. As of now, Kazakhstan has the largest Slavic minority population with most being Russians (Ukrainians, Belarusians and Poles are present as well but in much smaller numbers)."}], ["Perkataan \"Slavs\" digunakan dalam lagu kebangsaan Republik Slovak (1939-1945), Yugoslavia (1943-1992) dan Republik Persekutuan Yugoslavia (1992-2003), kemudian Serbia dan Montenegro (2003-2006). <> Bilakah perkataan \"Slavs\" digunakan dalam lagu kebangsaan Republik Slovak? || 1939-1945 <> Bilakah perkataan \"Slavs\" digunakan dalam lagu kebangsaan Yugoslavia? || 1943-1992 <> Bilakah perkataan \"Slavs\" digunakan dalam lagu kebangsaan Republik Persekutuan Yugoslavia? || 1992-2003 <> Bilakah perkataan \"Slavs\" digunakan dalam lagu kebangsaan Serbia dan Montenegro? || 2003-2006 <> Bilakah slavs digunakan untuk lagu Yugoslavia dan Montenegro? || <> Kata apa yang diambil dari lagu kebangsaan Republik Slovak pada tahun 1939? || <> Negara apa yang berhenti menggunakan slav perkataan pada tahun 1943? || <> Bilakah Republik Persekutuan Yugoslavia menjadi Yugoslavia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the word \"Slavs\" used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic?", "id": "56f73b54aef2371900625a23", "answers": [{"text": "1939\u20131945", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the word \"Slavs\" used in the national anthem of Yugoslavia?", "id": "56f73b54aef2371900625a24", "answers": [{"text": "1943\u20131992", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the word \"Slavs\" used in the national anthem of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia?", "id": "56f73b54aef2371900625a25", "answers": [{"text": "1992\u20132003", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the word \"Slavs\" used in the national anthem of Serbia and Montenegro?", "id": "56f73b54aef2371900625a26", "answers": [{"text": "2003\u20132006", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2003\u20132006", "answer_start": 189}], "question": "When was slavs used for the Yugoslavia and Montenegro anthem?", "id": "5ad4b4fb5b96ef001a109e16", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Slavs", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "What word was taken out of the national anthem of the Slovak Republic in 1939?", "id": "5ad4b4fb5b96ef001a109e17", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Yugoslavia", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "What country stopped using the word slavs in 1943?", "id": "5ad4b4fb5b96ef001a109e18", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 153}], "question": "When did the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia become Yugoslavia?", "id": "5ad4b4fb5b96ef001a109e19", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The word \"Slavs\" was used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic (1939\u20131945), Yugoslavia (1943\u20131992) and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992\u20132003), later Serbia and Montenegro (2003\u20132006)."}], ["Bahasa standard Slavic yang rasmi di sekurang-kurangnya satu negara: Belarusia, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Macedonia, Montenegrin, Poland, Rusia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia dan Ukraine. Abjad bergantung kepada agama yang biasa digunakan oleh kumpulan etnik Slavia. Ortodoks menggunakan abjad Cyrillic dan Roman Katolik menggunakan abjad Latin, Bosniaks yang juga orang Islam menggunakan bahasa Latin. Sedikit Katolik Roman dan Roman Katolik menggunakan abjad Cyrillic. Bahasa Serbia dan bahasa Montenegrin menggunakan huruf Cyrillic dan Latin. Terdapat juga skrip Latin yang ditulis dalam bahasa Belarusia, yang dipanggil abjad Lacinka. <> Apa yang bergantung kepada agama apa yang biasa untuk kumpulan etnik Slavia masing-masing? || Abjad <> Siapa yang menggunakan abjad Cyrillic? || Orthodox <> Siapa yang menggunakan abjad Latin? || Katolik Rom <> Selain Katolik Rom, siapa lagi yang menggunakan Latin? || The Bosniaks <> Apakah skrip Latin yang ditulis dalam bahasa Belarusia? || abjad Lacinka <> Apa yang bergantung kepada abjad? || <> Apakah nama skrip latin yang digunakan oleh orang Islam? || <> Apa yang digunakan oleh kebanyakan orang Yunani Rom? || <> Bahasa apa yang digunakan oleh orang Ukrain? || <> Bahasa apa yang menggunakan skrip Cyrillic yang dipanggil Lacinka? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What depends on what religion is usual for the respective Slavic ethnic groups?", "id": "56f7424daef2371900625a4f", "answers": [{"text": "The alphabet", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who uses the Cyrillic alphabet?", "id": "56f7424daef2371900625a50", "answers": [{"text": "The Orthodox", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who uses the Latin alphabet?", "id": "56f7424daef2371900625a51", "answers": [{"text": "the Roman Catholics", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Other than the Roman Catholics, who else uses Latin?", "id": "56f7424daef2371900625a52", "answers": [{"text": "the Bosniaks", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a Latin script to write in Belarusian?", "id": "56f7424daef2371900625a53", "answers": [{"text": "the Lacinka alphabet", "answer_start": 639}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "religion", "answer_start": 231}], "question": "What is dependent on the alphabet?", "id": "5ad4b84d5b96ef001a109e3c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lacinka", "answer_start": 643}], "question": "What is the name of the latin script Muslims use?", "id": "5ad4b84d5b96ef001a109e3d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Latin", "answer_start": 415}], "question": "What do most Greek Romans use?", "id": "5ad4b84d5b96ef001a109e3e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets", "answer_start": 544}], "question": "What language do Ukranians use?", "id": "5ad4b84d5b96ef001a109e3f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Belarusian", "answer_start": 620}], "question": "What language uses a Cyrillic script called Lacinka?", "id": "5ad4b84d5b96ef001a109e40", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Slavic standard languages which are official in at least one country: Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, and Ukrainian. The alphabet depends on what religion is usual for the respective Slavic ethnic groups. The Orthodox use the Cyrillic alphabet and the Roman Catholics use Latin alphabet, the Bosniaks who are Muslims also use the Latin. Few Greek Roman and Roman Catholics use the Cyrillic alphabet however. The Serbian language and Montenegrin language uses both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. There is also a Latin script to write in Belarusian, called the Lacinka alphabet."}], ["Pan-Slavisme, sebuah pergerakan yang menjadi terkenal pada pertengahan abad ke-19, menekankan warisan dan kesatuan bersama semua rakyat Slavia. Fokus utama adalah di Balkan di mana Slav Selatan telah diperintah selama berabad-abad oleh kerajaan-kerajaan lain: Empayar Byzantine, Austria-Hungary, Empayar Uthmaniyyah, dan Venice. Empayar Rusia menggunakan Pan-Slavisme sebagai alat politik; seperti juga Kesatuan Soviet, yang mendapat pengaruh politik dan ketenteraan terhadap kebanyakan negara majoriti Slavik antara 1945 dan 1948 dan mengekalkan peranan hegemonik sehingga tempoh 1989-1991. <> Pergerakan apa yang menjadi terkenal pada abad pertengahan abad ke-19 yang menekankan warisan dan perpaduan umum semua bangsa Slavia? || Pan-Slavisme <> Di manakah tumpuan utama Pan-Slavisme? || Empayar Byzantine, Austria-Hungary, Empayar Uthmaniyyah, dan Venice <> Yang menggunakan Pan-Slavisme sebagai alat politik? || Kekaisaran Rusia <> Kapan Kesatuan Soviet mendapat pengaruh politik dan ketenteraan terhadap kebanyakan negara majoriti Slavik? || antara tahun 1945 dan 1948 <> Berapa lamakah Kesatuan Soviet mengekalkan peranan hegemoni? || sehingga tempoh 1989-1991 <> Siapa yang membuat pemerintahan Slavs Selatan? || <> Bilakah Venice mendapat kuasa ke atas negara majoriti Slavik? || <> Peranan apa jenis bangsa Slavic antara 1989-1991? || <> Kawasan mana yang pertama menggunakan Pan-Slavisme sebagai alat politik? || <> Apakah Austria-Hungary menggunakan pan-slavisme? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What movement came into prominence in the mid-19th century that emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples?", "id": "56f7406ca6d7ea1400e17118", "answers": [{"text": "Pan-Slavism", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the main focus of Pan-Slavism?", "id": "56f7406ca6d7ea1400e17119", "answers": [{"text": "the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who used Pan-Slavism as a political tool?", "id": "56f7406ca6d7ea1400e1711a", "answers": [{"text": "The Russian Empire", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Soviet Union gain political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations?", "id": "56f7406ca6d7ea1400e1711b", "answers": [{"text": "between 1945 and 1948", "answer_start": 488}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did the Soviet Union retain a hegemonic role?", "id": "56f7406ca6d7ea1400e1711c", "answers": [{"text": "until the period 1989\u20131991", "answer_start": 540}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice", "answer_start": 247}], "question": "Who did the South Slavs rule over?", "id": "5ad4b6b25b96ef001a109e28", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "between 1945 and 1948", "answer_start": 488}], "question": "When did Venice gain power over Slavic-majority nations?", "id": "5ad4b6b25b96ef001a109e29", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hegemonic", "answer_start": 525}], "question": "What type of role did Slavic nations play between 1989-1991?", "id": "5ad4b6b25b96ef001a109e2a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Balkans", "answer_start": 170}], "question": "Which area was the first to use Pan-Slavism as a political tool?", "id": "5ad4b6b25b96ef001a109e2b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a political tool", "answer_start": 357}], "question": "What did Austria-Hungary use pan-slavism for?", "id": "5ad4b6b25b96ef001a109e2c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Pan-Slavism, a movement which came into prominence in the mid-19th century, emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples. The main focus was in the Balkans where the South Slavs had been ruled for centuries by other empires: the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice. The Russian Empire used Pan-Slavism as a political tool; as did the Soviet Union, which gained political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations between 1945 and 1948 and retained a hegemonic role until the period 1989\u20131991."}], ["Populasi Slavik pagan telah dikristiankan antara abad ke-6 dan ke-10. Kekristianan Ortodoks dominan di Slavs Timur dan Selatan, sementara Katolik Rom menjadi dominan di Slavia Barat dan Slavs Selatan di barat. Sempadan agama sebahagian besarnya sebanding dengan Schism Timur-Barat yang bermula pada abad ke-11. Majoriti populasi Slavia kontemporari yang menganut agama adalah Ortodoks, diikuti oleh Katolik, sementara minoriti kecil adalah Protestan. Terdapat kumpulan minoriti Slavic Muslim. Keragaman agama oleh kewarganegaraan boleh sangat tajam; biasanya dalam kumpulan etnik Slavia kebanyakan orang agama mempunyai agama yang sama. Sesetengah Slav adalah atheis atau agnostik: hanya 19% orang Czech yang mengaku kepercayaan terhadap tuhan dalam kajian Eurobarometer 2005. <> Bilakah populasi Slavik pagan Kristian? || antara abad ke-6 dan ke-10 <> Apa agama yang paling dominan di Slavs Timur dan Selatan? || Agama Kristian Ortodoks <> Agama apakah yang dominan di Barat dan barat Slavia Selatan? || Katolik Roman <> Bilakah Schism Timur-Barat bermula? || Abad ke-11 <> Sebilangan besar penduduk Slavia kontemporari yang menganut agama adalah apa? || Orthodox <> Apakah perpecahan apa yang bermula pada abad ke-10? || <> Sebagian besar penduduk Islam? || <> Berapa peratus daripada Slav adalah atheis? || <> Bilakah penduduk Slavic menjadi lebih atheist? || <> Apakah kewarganegaraan adalah agama Protestan yang biasa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When were pagan Slavic populations Christianized?", "id": "56f74604aef2371900625a89", "answers": [{"text": "between the 6th and 10th centuries", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What religion is predominant in the East and South Slavs?", "id": "56f74604aef2371900625a8a", "answers": [{"text": "Orthodox Christianity", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What religion is predominant in the West and western South Slavs?", "id": "56f74604aef2371900625a8b", "answers": [{"text": "Roman Catholicism", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the East-West Schism begin?", "id": "56f74604aef2371900625a8c", "answers": [{"text": "11th century", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The majority of contemporary Slavic populations who profess a religion are what?", "id": "56f74604aef2371900625a8d", "answers": [{"text": "Orthodox", "answer_start": 409}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the East\u2013West Schism", "answer_start": 280}], "question": "What schism began in the 10th century?", "id": "5ad4bab45b96ef001a109e62", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "contemporary Slavic populations", "answer_start": 350}], "question": "Most of what populations are Muslim?", "id": "5ad4bab45b96ef001a109e63", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "19%", "answer_start": 715}], "question": "What percentage of Slavs are atheist?", "id": "5ad4bab45b96ef001a109e64", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "between the 6th and 10th centuries", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "When did Slavic populations become more atheistic?", "id": "5ad4bab45b96ef001a109e65", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Czechs", "answer_start": 722}], "question": "What nationality is the Protestant religion common in?", "id": "5ad4bab45b96ef001a109e66", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The pagan Slavic populations were Christianized between the 6th and 10th centuries. Orthodox Christianity is predominant in the East and South Slavs, while Roman Catholicism is predominant in West Slavs and the western South Slavs. The religious borders are largely comparable to the East\u2013West Schism which began in the 11th century. The majority of contemporary Slavic populations who profess a religion are Orthodox, followed by Catholic, while a small minority are Protestant. There are minor Slavic Muslim groups. Religious delineations by nationality can be very sharp; usually in the Slavic ethnic groups the vast majority of religious people share the same religion. Some Slavs are atheist or agnostic: only 19% of Czechs professed belief in god/s in the 2005 Eurobarometer survey."}], ["Proto-Slavic, kadang-kadang disebut sebagai Slavik Biasa atau Proto-Slavic Lewat, ditakrifkan sebagai peringkat terakhir bahasa sebelum perpecahan geografi dari bahasa-bahasa Slavia yang bersejarah. Bahasa itu seragam, dan berdasarkan pinjaman daripada bahasa asing dan pinjaman Slavik ke dalam bahasa lain, tidak boleh dikatakan mempunyai dialek yang dikenali, yang menunjukkan tanah air yang kompak. Perpaduan linguistik Slavic sampai pada tahap tertentu kelihatan seperti mana-mana manuskrip Gereja Lama Slavonic yang, walaupun berdasarkan ucapan Slavic tempatan Thessaloniki, masih dapat melayani tujuan pertama bahasa sastera umum Slavic. <> Proto-Slavic kadang-kadang dirujuk sebagai apa? || Slavic umum atau Late Proto-Slavic <> Apa yang ditakrifkan sebagai peringkat terakhir bahasa sebelum perpecahan geografi bahasa-bahasa Slavia yang bersejarah? || Proto-Slavic <> Lama Gereja Slavonic manuskrip berdasarkan ucapan Slavic tempatan apa? || Thessaloniki <> Apa yang masih boleh digunakan untuk tujuan bahasa sastera Slavik yang pertama? || Manuskrip Gereja Lama Slavonic <> Apakah istilah lain untuk Slavonic Gereja Lama? || <> Apakah nama bahasa selepas pecahan geografi? || <> Apakah bahasa Proto-slavik mempunyai pelbagai variasi yang dapat dikenali? || <> Pidato apa pengaruh Gereja Lama Slavonik? || <> Apakah Thessaloniki adalah contoh pertama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Proto-Slavic is sometimes referred to as what?", "id": "56f74522aef2371900625a81", "answers": [{"text": "Common Slavic or Late Proto-Slavic", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is defined as the last stage of the language preceding the geographical split of the historical Slavic languages?", "id": "56f74522aef2371900625a82", "answers": [{"text": "Proto-Slavic", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Old Church Slavonic manuscripts were based on the local Slavic speech of what?", "id": "56f74522aef2371900625a83", "answers": [{"text": "Thessaloniki", "answer_start": 549}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What could still serve the purpose of the first common Slavic literary language?", "id": "56f74522aef2371900625a84", "answers": [{"text": "Old Church Slavonic manuscripts", "answer_start": 471}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Common Slavic or Late Proto-Slavic", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "What is another term for Old Church Slavonic?", "id": "5ad4b9f65b96ef001a109e4e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Proto-Slavic", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What was the name of the language after the geographical split?", "id": "5ad4b9f65b96ef001a109e4f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dialects", "answer_start": 354}], "question": "What did the Proto-slavic language have in multiple recognizable variations?", "id": "5ad4b9f65b96ef001a109e50", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Thessaloniki", "answer_start": 549}], "question": "What speech did Old Church Slavonic influence?", "id": "5ad4b9f65b96ef001a109e51", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the first common Slavic literary language", "answer_start": 596}], "question": "What is Thessaloniki the first example of?", "id": "5ad4b9f65b96ef001a109e52", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Proto-Slavic, sometimes referred to as Common Slavic or Late Proto-Slavic, is defined as the last stage of the language preceding the geographical split of the historical Slavic languages. That language was uniform, and on the basis of borrowings from foreign languages and Slavic borrowings into other languages, cannot be said to have any recognizable dialects, suggesting a comparatively compact homeland. Slavic linguistic unity was to some extent visible as late as Old Church Slavonic manuscripts which, though based on local Slavic speech of Thessaloniki, could still serve the purpose of the first common Slavic literary language."}], ["Kerana luas dan kepelbagaian wilayah yang diduduki oleh penduduk Slavia, terdapat beberapa pusat penyatuan Slavia. Pada abad ke-19, Pan-Slavisme berkembang sebagai gerakan di kalangan intelektual, ulama, dan penyair, tetapi ia jarang mempengaruhi politik praktikal dan tidak mendapat sokongan di beberapa negara yang mempunyai asal-usul Slavia. Pan-Slavisme menjadi terkompromi apabila Empayar Rusia mula menggunakannya sebagai ideologi yang mewajarkan penaklukan teritorialnya di Eropah Tengah serta penaklukan kumpulan etnik lain dari asal-usul Slavia seperti Poland dan Ukraina, dan ideologi itu dikaitkan dengan imperialisme Rusia. Pengalaman komunis Slavic yang biasa digabungkan dengan penggunaan ideologi berulang oleh propaganda Soviet setelah Perang Dunia II dalam blok Timur (Pakta Warsaw) adalah hegemoni politik dan ekonomi tingkat tinggi yang dipaksa oleh Rusia. Kesatuan politik yang ketara abad ke-20 yang merangkumi kebanyakan Slavia Selatan adalah Yugoslavia, tetapi akhirnya terputus pada tahun 1990an bersama dengan Kesatuan Soviet. <> Bilakah Pan-Slavisme berkembang sebagai pergerakan? || Pada abad ke-19 <> Pan-Slavisme menjadi terkompromi apabila kerajaan apa yang mula menggunakannya sebagai ideologi yang mewajarkan penaklukan teritorialnya? || Empayar Rusia <> Empayar Rusia menggunakan apa yang menjadi alasan untuk penaklukan wilayahnya? || Pan-Slavisme <> Apa kesatuan politik abad ke 20 meliputi kebanyakan Slav Selatan? || Yugoslavia <> Bilakah Yugoslavia pecah? || 1990-an <> Apa yang mempengaruhi politik praktikal? || <> Bilakah Empayar Rusia mencipta pan-slavisme? || <> Apa yang dilakukan Eropah Tengah untuk ditakluki? || <> Apa yang ditubuhkan pada tahun 1990-an? || <> Siapa yang menaklukkan Poland? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Pan-Slavism develop as a movement?", "id": "56f7397c711bf01900a44a8a", "answers": [{"text": "In the 19th century", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Pan-Slavism became compromised when what empire started to use it as an ideology justifying its territorial conquests?", "id": "56f7397c711bf01900a44a8b", "answers": [{"text": "Russian Empire", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Russian Empire used what as justification for its territorial conquests?", "id": "56f7397c711bf01900a44a8c", "answers": [{"text": "Pan-Slavism", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What notable political union of the 20th century covered most South Slavs?", "id": "56f7397c711bf01900a44a8d", "answers": [{"text": "Yugoslavia", "answer_start": 981}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Yugoslavia break apart?", "id": "56f7397c711bf01900a44a8e", "answers": [{"text": "1990s", "answer_start": 1030}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pan-Slavism", "answer_start": 155}], "question": "What influenced practical politics?", "id": "5ad4b45b5b96ef001a109e02", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the 19th century", "answer_start": 137}], "question": "When did the Russian Empire create pan-slavism?", "id": "5ad4b45b5b96ef001a109e03", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Russian Empire", "answer_start": 379}], "question": "What did Central Europe begin to conquest?", "id": "5ad4b45b5b96ef001a109e04", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Yugoslavia", "answer_start": 981}], "question": "What formed in the 1990s?", "id": "5ad4b45b5b96ef001a109e05", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ukrainians", "answer_start": 568}], "question": "Who did the Poles subjugate?", "id": "5ad4b45b5b96ef001a109e06", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Because of the vastness and diversity of the territory occupied by Slavic people, there were several centers of Slavic consolidation. In the 19th century, Pan-Slavism developed as a movement among intellectuals, scholars, and poets, but it rarely influenced practical politics and did not find support in some nations that had Slavic origins. Pan-Slavism became compromised when the Russian Empire started to use it as an ideology justifying its territorial conquests in Central Europe as well as subjugation of other ethnic groups of Slavic origins such as Poles and Ukrainians, and the ideology became associated with Russian imperialism. The common Slavic experience of communism combined with the repeated usage of the ideology by Soviet propaganda after World War II within the Eastern bloc (Warsaw Pact) was a forced high-level political and economic hegemony of the USSR dominated by Russians. A notable political union of the 20th century that covered most South Slavs was Yugoslavia, but it ultimately broke apart in the 1990s along with the Soviet Union."}], ["^ 10 Subkumpulan Slovenia termasuk Prekmurian, Slovenian Hungarian, Carinthian Slovenes, Venetian Slovenes, Resians, dan Caraneseians yang sudah pupus dan Somogy Slovenes. <> Apa subkumpulan Slovenia sudah pupus? || Caranese dan Somogy Slovenes <> Apakah kumpulan-kumpulan sub kelompok Slovenia sekarang? || Prekursurians, Slovenian Hungarian, Carinthians Slovenes, Venetian Slovenes, Resians <> Apakah subkumpulan Hungari? || <> Yang lima kumpulan sudah pupus? || <> Apa yang berlaku kepada kebanyakan subkumpulan Slovenia? || <> Berapa banyak subkumpulan Slovenia ada di sana? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What sub-groups of Slovenes are extinct?", "id": "56f74992a6d7ea1400e17164", "answers": [{"text": "Carantanians and Somogy Slovenes", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the current sub-groups of Slovenes?", "id": "56f74992a6d7ea1400e17165", "answers": [{"text": "Prekmurians, Hungarian Slovenes, Carinthian Slovenes, Venetian Slovenes, Resians", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Slovenes", "answer_start": 18}], "question": "What is a subgroup of Hungarians?", "id": "5ad4c3bc5b96ef001a109fc6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Prekmurians, Hungarian Slovenes, Carinthian Slovenes, Venetian Slovenes, Resians", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "Which five groups are now extinct?", "id": "5ad4c3bc5b96ef001a109fc7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "extinct", "answer_start": 125}], "question": "What happened to most of the Slovenes subgroups?", "id": "5ad4c3bc5b96ef001a109fc8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 1}], "question": "How many subgroups of Slovenes are there?", "id": "5ad4c3bc5b96ef001a109fc9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "^10 Sub-groups of Slovenes include Prekmurians, Hungarian Slovenes, Carinthian Slovenes, Venetian Slovenes, Resians, and the extinct Carantanians and Somogy Slovenes."}], ["^ 9 Subkumpulan Croat termasuk Bunjevci (di Ba\u010dka), \u0160okci (di Slavonia dan Vojvodina), Janjevci (di Kosovo), Burgenland Croats (di Austria), Bosniaks (Hungary), Molise Croats (di Itali), Krashovans di Romania), Moravian Croats (di Republik Czech) <> Di mana terdapat Bunjevci? || Ba\u010dka <> Di mana terletak \u0160okci? || Slavonia dan Vojvodina <> Di mana terdapat Janjevci? || Kosovo <> Di mana Burgenland Croats terletak? || Austria <> Di mana terdapat Krashovans? || Romania <> Apakah subkumpulan Benjevci? || <> Apa kumpulan kecil terletak di Slavonia dan Kosovo? || <> Di mana Molise Croats dan Moravian Croats terletak? || <> Apa kumpulan yang tinggal di Burgenland? || <> Di mana terletak Backa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where are Bunjevci located?", "id": "56f7488caef2371900625aad", "answers": [{"text": "Ba\u010dka", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are \u0160okci located?", "id": "56f7488caef2371900625aae", "answers": [{"text": "Slavonia and Vojvodina", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are Janjevci located?", "id": "56f7488caef2371900625aaf", "answers": [{"text": "Kosovo", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are Burgenland Croats located?", "id": "56f7488caef2371900625ab0", "answers": [{"text": "Austria", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are Krashovans located?", "id": "56f7488caef2371900625ab1", "answers": [{"text": "Romania", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Croats", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "What is a subgroup of Benjevci?", "id": "5ad4c2e25b96ef001a109f9e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u0160okci", "answer_start": 53}], "question": "What subgroup is located in Slavonia and Kosovo?", "id": "5ad4c2e25b96ef001a109f9f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Italy", "answer_start": 183}], "question": "Where are Molise Croats and Moravian Croats located?", "id": "5ad4c2e25b96ef001a109fa0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Croats", "answer_start": 121}], "question": "What group lives in Burgenland?", "id": "5ad4c2e25b96ef001a109fa1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bunjevci", "answer_start": 32}], "question": "Where are Backa located?", "id": "5ad4c2e25b96ef001a109fa2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "^9 Sub-groups of Croats include Bunjevci (in Ba\u010dka), \u0160okci (in Slavonia and Vojvodina), Janjevci (in Kosovo), Burgenland Croats (in Austria), Bosniaks (in Hungary), Molise Croats (in Italy), Krashovans (in Romania), Moravian Croats (in the Czech Republic)"}], ["^ 8 Identiti ini terus digunakan oleh minoriti di seluruh bekas republik Yugoslavia. Kewarganegaraan juga diisytiharkan oleh orang diasporans yang tinggal di Amerika Syarikat dan Kanada. Terdapat banyak sebab mengapa orang lebih suka gabungan ini, ada yang diterbitkan pada artikel itu. <> Identiti ini terus digunakan oleh minoriti di seluruh bekas republik itu? || Republik republik Yugoslav <> Kewarganegaraan juga diisytiharkan oleh diasporans yang tinggal di mana? || USA dan Kanada <> Diasporan dituntut sebagai identiti dalam apa yang bekas republik? || <> Kewarganegaraan ini telah ditolak oleh orang diasporans yang tinggal di mana? || <> Apakah minoriti yang tinggal di Amerika Syarikat dan Kanada dipanggil? || <> Apa yang telah ditinggalkan oleh mereka yang tinggal di Yugoslav? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "This identity continues to be used by a minority throughout the what former republics?", "id": "56f747eca6d7ea1400e17158", "answers": [{"text": "Yugoslav republics", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The nationality is also declared by diasporans living where?", "id": "56f747eca6d7ea1400e17159", "answers": [{"text": "USA and Canada", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Yugoslav", "answer_start": 74}], "question": "Diasporan is claimed as an identity in what former republics?", "id": "5ad4c2695b96ef001a109f8c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "USA and Canada", "answer_start": 155}], "question": "This nationality has been rejected by diasporans living where?", "id": "5ad4c2695b96ef001a109f8d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "diasporans", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "What are the minority living in USA and Canada called?", "id": "5ad4c2695b96ef001a109f8e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "This identity", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "What has been abandoned by those living in Yugoslav?", "id": "5ad4c2695b96ef001a109f8f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "^8 This identity continues to be used by a minority throughout the former Yugoslav republics. The nationality is also declared by diasporans living in the USA and Canada. There are a multitude of reasons as to why people prefer this affiliation, some published on the article."}], ["Kajian spesifik mengenai genetik Slavic diikuti. Pada tahun 2007, R\u0119ba\u0142a dan rakan-rakan mempelajari beberapa populasi Slavik dengan tujuan memindahkan tanah air Proto-Slavia. Penemuan penting dalam kajian ini ialah: <> Bilakah R\u0119ba\u0142a dan rakan-rakan mempelajari beberapa populasi Slavik dengan tujuan memindahkan tanah air Proto-Slavik? || 2007 <> Siapa yang mempelajari beberapa populasi Slavik dengan tujuan memindahkan tanah air Proto-Slavic? || R\u0119ba\u0142a <> Pada tahun 2007 R\u0119ba\u0142a dan rekan mempelajari beberapa populasi Slavik dengan tujuan untuk melokalisasikan apa? || tanah air Proto-Slavic <> Bilakah tanah air Proto-Slavic ditemui? || <> Siapa yang mahu menyetempatkan populasi slavic? || <> Apa kajian R\u0119ba\u0142a untuk menyetempatkan penduduk Slavia? || <> Bilakah kajian tertentu mengenai genetik Slavik bermula? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did R\u0119ba\u0142a and colleagues studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing the Proto-Slavic homeland?", "id": "56f75185aef2371900625b0b", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing the Proto-Slavic homeland?", "id": "56f75185aef2371900625b0c", "answers": [{"text": "R\u0119ba\u0142a", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2007 R\u0119ba\u0142a and colleagues studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing what?", "id": "56f75185aef2371900625b0d", "answers": [{"text": "the Proto-Slavic homeland", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "When was the Proto-Slavic homeland found?", "id": "5ad4c5ed5b96ef001a10a008", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "R\u0119ba\u0142a", "answer_start": 54}], "question": "Who wanted to localize slavic populations?", "id": "5ad4c5ed5b96ef001a10a009", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Proto-Slavic homeland", "answer_start": 138}], "question": "What did R\u0119ba\u0142a study to localize the Slavic population?", "id": "5ad4c5ed5b96ef001a10a00a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 49}], "question": "When did specific studies of Slavic genetics begin?", "id": "5ad4c5ed5b96ef001a10a00b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Specific studies of Slavic genetics followed. In 2007 R\u0119ba\u0142a and colleagues studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing the Proto-Slavic homeland. The significant findings of this study are that:"}], ["Pomors dibezakan oleh kehadiran Y Haplogroup N di kalangan mereka. Diambil dari Asia Tenggara, ia ditemui pada kadar tinggi di kalangan orang Uralic. Kehadirannya di Pomors (yang disebut \"Rusia Utara\" dalam laporan) membuktikan kepada puak bukan Slavia (bercampur dengan suku Finnic di utara Eurasia). Secara autosomal, Rusia umumnya mirip dengan populasi di Eropah timur tengah tetapi beberapa orang Rusia utara adalah perantaraan kepada kelompok Finno-Ugres. <> Apa yang dibezakan oleh kehadiran Y Haplogroup N? || Pomors <> Pomors dibezakan oleh kehadiran apa? || Y Haplogroup N <> Y Haplogroup N ditemui pada kadar yang tinggi dalam siapa? || Orang-orang Uralic <> Rusia umumnya sama dengan populasi di rantau apa? || Eropah timur tengah <> Pomors juga dikenali sebagai apa? || Rusia Utara <> Apakah Y Haplogroup N dibezakan oleh? || <> Apa suku kaum Finnic mempunyai kadar yang tinggi? || <> Di mana orang-orang Uralic dari? || <> Apa yang Rusia paling berbeza dari autosomally? || <> Apakah nama lain untuk orang Uralic? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is distinguished by the presence of Y Haplogroup N?", "id": "56f75961aef2371900625b39", "answers": [{"text": "Pomors", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Pomors are distinguished by the presence of what?", "id": "56f75961aef2371900625b3a", "answers": [{"text": "Y Haplogroup N", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Y Haplogroup N are found at high rates in who?", "id": "56f75961aef2371900625b3b", "answers": [{"text": "Uralic peoples", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Russians are generally similar to populations in what region?", "id": "56f75961aef2371900625b3c", "answers": [{"text": "central-eastern Europe", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Pomors are also known as what?", "id": "56f75961aef2371900625b3d", "answers": [{"text": "Northern Russians", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pomors", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What are Y Haplogroup N distinguished by?", "id": "5ad4c7595b96ef001a10a042", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Y Haplogroup N", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "What do Finnic tribes have in high rates?", "id": "5ad4c7595b96ef001a10a043", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "northern Eurasia", "answer_start": 290}], "question": "Where are the Uralic peoples from?", "id": "5ad4c7595b96ef001a10a044", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "central-eastern Europe", "answer_start": 371}], "question": "What are Russians most dissimilar from autosomally?", "id": "5ad4c7595b96ef001a10a045", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Northern Russians", "answer_start": 193}], "question": "What is another name for Uralic peoples?", "id": "5ad4c7595b96ef001a10a046", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Pomors are distinguished by the presence of Y Haplogroup N among them. Postulated to originate from southeast Asia, it is found at high rates in Uralic peoples. Its presence in Pomors (called \"Northern Russians\" in the report) attests to the non-Slavic tribes (mixing with Finnic tribes of northern Eurasia). Autosomally, Russians are generally similar to populations in central-eastern Europe but some northern Russians are intermediate to Finno-Ugric groups."}], ["Marcin Wo\u017aniak dan rakan-rakannya (2010) mencari subkumpulan Slavic khusus R1a1a [M17]. Bekerjasama dengan haplotip, mereka mendapati corak di kalangan Slavia Barat yang ternyata sesuai dengan penanda yang baru ditemui, M458, yang mentakrifkan subclade R1a1a7. Penanda ini berkorelasi dengan baik dengan pengedaran pembesar suara Slavic hari ini. Pasukan yang diketuai oleh Peter Underhill, yang menemui M458, tidak menganggap kemungkinan bahawa ini adalah penanda Slavik, kerana mereka menggunakan kadar mutasi \"berkesan\", yang memberikan tarikh yang terlalu lama menjadi Slavik. Wo\u017aniak dan rakan sekerja menunjukkan bahawa kadar mutasi silabus, memberikan tarikh yang lebih lama, lebih konsisten dengan rekod arkeologi. <> Siapa yang mencari khusus sub-kumpulan Slavic R1a1a [M17]? || Marcin Wo\u017aniak dan rakan-rakan <> Bilakah Marcin Wo\u017aniak mencari khusus untuk sub-kumpulan Slavic R1a1a [M17]? || 2010 <> Pasukan yang menemui M458 dipimpin oleh siapa? || Peter Underhill <> Siapa yang mencari haplotip Slavik? || <> Bilakah Peter Underhill menemui penanda? || <> Apakah Peter Underhill mengesyaki M458 itu? || <> Apakah kadar mutasi berkesan evolusi lebih sejajar dengannya? || <> Penanda apa yang dilakukan oleh Wozniak? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who searched for specifically Slavic sub-group of R1a1a [M17]?", "id": "56f754a3a6d7ea1400e171be", "answers": [{"text": "Marcin Wo\u017aniak and colleagues", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Marcin Wo\u017aniak search specifically for Slavic sub-group of R1a1a [M17]?", "id": "56f754a3a6d7ea1400e171bf", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The team that discovered M458 was led by who?", "id": "56f754a3a6d7ea1400e171c0", "answers": [{"text": "Peter Underhill", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Marcin Wo\u017aniak", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who was searching for Slavic haplotypes?", "id": "5ad4c6d55b96ef001a10a01a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 31}], "question": "When did Peter Underhill discover the marker?", "id": "5ad4c6d55b96ef001a10a01b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a Slavic marker", "answer_start": 450}], "question": "What did Peter Underhill suspect M458 was?", "id": "5ad4c6d55b96ef001a10a01c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the archaeological record", "answer_start": 684}], "question": "What is the evolutionary effective mutation rate more in line with?", "id": "5ad4c6d55b96ef001a10a01d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "M458", "answer_start": 223}], "question": "What marker did Wozniak discover?", "id": "5ad4c6d55b96ef001a10a01e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Marcin Wo\u017aniak and colleagues (2010) searched for specifically Slavic sub-group of R1a1a [M17]. Working with haplotypes, they found a pattern among Western Slavs which turned out to correspond to a newly discovered marker, M458, which defines subclade R1a1a7. This marker correlates remarkably well with the distribution of Slavic-speakers today. The team led by Peter Underhill, which discovered M458, did not consider the possibility that this was a Slavic marker, since they used the \"evolutionary effective\" mutation rate, which gave a date far too old to be Slavic. Wo\u017aniak and colleagues pointed out that the pedigree mutation rate, giving a later date, is more consistent with the archaeological record."}], ["^ 7 Kategori banci diiktiraf sebagai kumpulan etnik. Kebanyakan orang Islam Slavic (terutamanya di Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro dan Serbia) kini memilih etnik Bosniak, tetapi ada juga yang menggunakan sebutan \"Muslim\". Bosniak dan Muslim dianggap dua etnik untuk etnik tunggal dan istilahnya boleh digunakan secara bergantian. Walau bagaimanapun, sebilangan kecil orang di Bosnia dan Herzegovina mengisytiharkan diri mereka Bosniak tetapi tidak semestinya Muslim dengan iman. <> Kebanyakan umat Islam Slavic memilih apa yang etnik? || Bosniak <> Apa dua kumpulan dianggap dua etnik untuk etnik tunggal dan istilahnya boleh digunakan secara bergantian? || Bosniak dan Muslim <> Sebilangan kecil orang mengisytiharkan diri mereka Bosniak tetapi tidak semestinya Muslim dengan iman dalam kawasan apa? || Bosnia dan Herzegovina <> Kawasan-kawasan mana yang cenderung menggunakan jawatan orang Islam? || <> Apa dua istilah tidak boleh digunakan secara bergantian? || <> Apakah agama yang mengisytiharkan diri mereka sendiri sebagai Bosniak? || <> Apa keanehan dalam orang yang mengisytiharkan diri mereka sebagai Bosniak boleh ditemui di Croatia? || <> Apa negara selain Bosnia adalah Bosniak selalu juga Muslim? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Most Slavic Muslims now opt for what ethnicity?", "id": "56f74783a6d7ea1400e17152", "answers": [{"text": "Bosniak", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two groups are considered two ethnonyms for a single ethnicity and the terms may even be used interchangeably?", "id": "56f74783a6d7ea1400e17153", "answers": [{"text": "Bosniak and Muslim", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A small number of people declare themselves Bosniak but are not necessarily Muslim by faith within what regions?", "id": "56f74783a6d7ea1400e17154", "answers": [{"text": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia", "answer_start": 87}], "question": "Which areas tend to use the Muslim designation?", "id": "5ad4c1bb5b96ef001a109f66", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bosniak and Muslim", "answer_start": 203}], "question": "What two terms cannot be used interchangeably?", "id": "5ad4c1bb5b96ef001a109f67", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Muslim", "answer_start": 437}], "question": "What religion do people who declare themselves as Bosniak always have?", "id": "5ad4c1bb5b96ef001a109f68", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "not necessarily Muslim by faith", "answer_start": 421}], "question": "What oddity in people who declare themselves as Bosniak can be found in Croatia?", "id": "5ad4c1bb5b96ef001a109f69", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Herzegovina", "answer_start": 374}], "question": "What country besides Bosnia are Bosniaks always also Muslim?", "id": "5ad4c1bb5b96ef001a109f6a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "^7 A census category recognized as an ethnic group. Most Slavic Muslims (especially in Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia) now opt for Bosniak ethnicity, but some still use the \"Muslim\" designation. Bosniak and Muslim are considered two ethnonyms for a single ethnicity and the terms may even be used interchangeably. However, a small number of people within Bosnia and Herzegovina declare themselves Bosniak but are not necessarily Muslim by faith."}], ["Orang-orang Slavia moden membawa pelbagai haplogroup DNA mitokondria dan haplogroup DNA Y-kromosom. Namun, dua haplogroup keluarga mendominasi: R1a1a [M17] dan I2a2a [L69.2 = T / S163.2]. Kekerapan Haplogroup R1a berkisar dari 63.39% di Sorbs, melalui 56.4% di Poland, 54% di Ukraine, 52% di Rusia, Belarus, 15.2% di Republik Macedonia, 14.7% di Bulgaria dan 12.1% di Herzegovina. Hubungan antara R1a1a [M17] dan penceramah bahasa Indo-Eropah, terutamanya di Eropah Timur (Rusia) dan Asia Tengah dan Selatan, telah dilihat pada akhir 1990-an. Dari Spencer Wells dan rakan sekerja, mengikuti hipotesis Kurgan, menyimpulkan bahawa R1a1a muncul di padang rumput Pontic-Caspian. <> Apa dua haplogroup DNA yang mendominasi dalam masyarakat Slavia moden? || R1a1a [M17] dan I2a2a <> Apakah kekerapan Haplogroup R1a di Sorbs? || 63.39% <> Apakah kekerapan Haplogroup R1a di Poland? || 56.4% <> Apakah kekerapan Haplogroup R1a di Ukraine? || 54% <> Apakah kekerapan Haplogroup R1a di Rusia? || 52% <> Bilakah Spencer Wells menyimpulkan R1a1a timbul di padang rumput Pontic-Caspian? || <> Seberapa kerap I2a2a di Sorbs? || <> Penduduk apa yang I2a2a paling jarang dalam? || <> Siapa yang membuat hipotesis Kurgan? || <> Di mana I2a2a timbul dari? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What two DNA haplogroups predominate in modern Slavic peoples?", "id": "56f74fcea6d7ea1400e17190", "answers": [{"text": "R1a1a [M17] and I2a2a", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in the Sorbs?", "id": "56f74fcea6d7ea1400e17191", "answers": [{"text": "63.39%", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Poland?", "id": "56f74fcea6d7ea1400e17192", "answers": [{"text": "56.4%", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Ukraine?", "id": "56f74fcea6d7ea1400e17193", "answers": [{"text": "54%", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Russia?", "id": "56f74fcea6d7ea1400e17194", "answers": [{"text": "52%", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the late 1990s", "answer_start": 574}], "question": "When did Spencer Wells deduce R1a1a arose on the Pontic-Caspian steppe?", "id": "5ad4c5425b96ef001a109ff6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "63.39%", "answer_start": 235}], "question": "How frequent is I2a2a in the Sorbs?", "id": "5ad4c5425b96ef001a109ff7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Herzegovina", "answer_start": 387}], "question": "What population is I2a2a the rarest in? ", "id": "5ad4c5425b96ef001a109ff8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spencer Wells", "answer_start": 600}], "question": "Who created the Kurgan hypothesis?", "id": "5ad4c5425b96ef001a109ff9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Pontic-Caspian steppe", "answer_start": 691}], "question": "Where did  I2a2a arise from?", "id": "5ad4c5425b96ef001a109ffa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The modern Slavic peoples carry a variety of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups. Yet two paternal haplogroups predominate: R1a1a [M17] and I2a2a [L69.2=T/S163.2]. The frequency of Haplogroup R1a ranges from 63.39% in the Sorbs, through 56.4% in Poland, 54% in Ukraine, 52% in Russia, Belarus, to 15.2% in Republic of Macedonia, 14.7% in Bulgaria and 12.1% in Herzegovina. The correlation between R1a1a [M17] and the speakers of Indo-European languages, particularly those of Eastern Europe (Russian) and Central and Southern Asia, was noticed in the late 1990s. From this Spencer Wells and colleagues, following the Kurgan hypothesis, deduced that R1a1a arose on the Pontic-Caspian steppe."}], ["^ 1 Juga dianggap sebahagian daripada Rusyn\n^ 2 Dianggap peralihan antara Ukraine dan Belarus\n^ 3 Gabungan etnik Lemkos telah menjadi konflik ideologi. Telah dikatakan bahawa di kalangan Lemkos idea negara \"Carpatho-Ruthenian\" disokong hanya oleh Lemkos yang menetap di Transcarpathia dan di luar negeri\n^ 4 Kebanyakan penduduk Moravia bersejarah menganggap diri mereka sebagai Czech tetapi sejumlah besar mengisytiharkan kewarganegaraan mereka Moravian, berbeza dengan Czech itu (walaupun orang dari Bohemia dan Moravia menggunakan bahasa rasmi yang sama).\n^ 5 Juga dianggap sebagai Poland.\n^ 6 Terdapat sumber yang menunjukkan orang Silesia sebagai sebahagian daripada Kutub. Sebahagian dari penduduk tenggara Upper Silesia kadang-kadang dianggap Czech (kontroversi). <> Persatuan etnik yang telah menjadi konflik ideologi? || the Lemkos <> Idea negara \"Carpatho-Ruthenian\" disokong hanya oleh Lemkos yang tinggal di mana? || Transcarpathia dan luar negeri <> Kebanyakan penduduk Moravia bersejarah menganggap diri mereka sebagai apa? || Czechs <> Kumpulan apa yang dianggap sebahagian daripada Poland? || Silesia <> Apakah gabungan etnik Rusyn yang dipertimbangkan? || <> Apa yang orang Ukrain di Transcarpathia menyokong? || <> Apa yang digunakan orang dari Bohemia dan Silesia yang sama? || <> Apakah Moravian dianggap sebahagian daripada? || <> Apakah bahagian-bahagian Moravia Upper kadang-kadang dipertimbangkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Ethnic affiliation of who has become an ideological conflict?", "id": "56f746fea6d7ea1400e17140", "answers": [{"text": "the Lemkos", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The idea of \"Carpatho-Ruthenian\" nation is supported only by Lemkos residing where?", "id": "56f746fea6d7ea1400e17141", "answers": [{"text": "Transcarpathia and abroad", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Most inhabitants of historic Moravia considered themselves as what?", "id": "56f746fea6d7ea1400e17142", "answers": [{"text": "Czechs", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group is considered part of the Poles?", "id": "56f746fea6d7ea1400e17143", "answers": [{"text": "Silesians", "answer_start": 610}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "an ideological conflict", "answer_start": 147}], "question": "What is the ethnic affiliation of the Rusyns considered?", "id": "5ad4c0c85b96ef001a109f3a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Carpatho-Ruthenian\" nation", "answer_start": 227}], "question": "What do the Ukrainians in Transcarpathia support?", "id": "5ad4c0c85b96ef001a109f3b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "language", "answer_start": 542}], "question": "What do people from Bohemia and Silesia use that is the same?", "id": "5ad4c0c85b96ef001a109f3c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Poles", "answer_start": 631}], "question": "What are Moravians considered part of?", "id": "5ad4c0c85b96ef001a109f3d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Czech", "answer_start": 717}], "question": "What are parts of the Upper Moravia sometimes considered?", "id": "5ad4c0c85b96ef001a109f3e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "^1 Also considered part of Rusyns\n^2 Considered transitional between Ukrainians and Belarusians\n^3 The ethnic affiliation of the Lemkos has become an ideological conflict. It has been alleged that among the Lemkos the idea of \"Carpatho-Ruthenian\" nation is supported only by Lemkos residing in Transcarpathia and abroad\n^4 Most inhabitants of historic Moravia considered themselves as Czechs but significant amount declared their Moravian nationality, different from that Czech (although people from Bohemia and Moravia use the same official language).\n^5 Also considered Poles.\n^6 There are sources that show Silesians as part of the Poles. Parts of the southmost population of Upper Silesia is sometimes considered Czech (controversial)."}], ["Nota: Selain kumpulan etnik, Slavs sering mengenali mereka dengan kawasan geografi setempat di mana mereka hidup. Beberapa kumpulan utama Slavia Selatan termasuk: Zagorci di utara Croatia, Istrijani di barat daya Croatia, Dalmatinci di selatan Kroasia, Boduli di pulau Adriatik, Vlaji di pedalaman Dalmatia, Slavonci di Kroasia timur, Bosanci di Bosnia, Hercegovci di Herzegovina, Kraji\u0161nici di Bosnia barat, tetapi lebih sering digunakan untuk merujuk kepada Serb Serbia, yang kebanyakannya adalah keturunan Grenzers, dan terus hidup di kawasan yang membentuk Frontier Tentera sehingga perang kemerdekaan Kroasia, Semberci di timur laut Bosnia , Srbijanci di Serbia yang tepat, \u0160umadinci di Serbia tengah, Vojvo\u0111ani di utara Serbia, Sremci di Syrmia, Ba\u010dvani di barat laut Vojvodina, Bana\u0107ani di Banat, Sand\u017eaklije (Muslim di Serbia / Montenegro border), Kosovci di Kosovo, Bokelji di barat daya Montenegro, Trakiytsi Upper Thracian Lowlands, Dobrudzhantsi di rantau Bulgaria timur laut, Balkandzhii di Pegunungan Balkan Tengah, Miziytsi di utara Bulgaria wilayah, Warmiaks an d Masurian di kawasan Poland utara Warmia dan Mazuria, Pirintsi di Blagoevgrad, Ruptsi di Rhodopes dan lain-lain. <> Serbia Kroasia kebanyakannya keturunan siapa? || The Grenzers <> Di mana Zagorci terletak? || utara Croatia <> Di mana terletak Istrijani? || barat daya Croatia <> Di mana Boduli terletak? || Pulau Adriatik <> Di mana terletak Vlaji? || pedalaman di Dalmatia <> Apa satu-satunya cara untuk mengenal pasti Slav? || <> Apa yang disebut slavs di Croatia tengah? || <> Siapa keturunan Vlaji? || <> Bilakah Bosnia barat menjadi Frontier Ketenteraan? || <> Apakah nama-nama bandar di utara Bulgaria? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Serbs of Croatia are mostly descendants of who?", "id": "56f74dbdaef2371900625ad5", "answers": [{"text": "the Grenzers", "answer_start": 525}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are Zagorci located?", "id": "56f74dbdaef2371900625ad6", "answers": [{"text": "northern Croatia", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are Istrijani located?", "id": "56f74dbdaef2371900625ad7", "answers": [{"text": "westernmost Croatia", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are Boduli located?", "id": "56f74dbdaef2371900625ad8", "answers": [{"text": "Adriatic islands", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are Vlaji located?", "id": "56f74dbdaef2371900625ad9", "answers": [{"text": "hinterland of Dalmatia", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ethnic groups", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "What is the only way Slavs identify?", "id": "5ad4c4915b96ef001a109fd8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Istrijani", "answer_start": 201}], "question": "What are slavs called in central Croatia?", "id": "5ad4c4915b96ef001a109fd9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Grenzers", "answer_start": 529}], "question": "Who are the Vlaji descendants of?", "id": "5ad4c4915b96ef001a109fda", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Croatian war of independence", "answer_start": 615}], "question": "When did western Bosnia become the Military Frontier?", "id": "5ad4c4915b96ef001a109fdb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Warmia and Mazuria", "answer_start": 1151}], "question": "What are the names of the cities in the north Bulgarian region?", "id": "5ad4c4915b96ef001a109fdc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Note: Besides ethnic groups, Slavs often identify themselves with the local geographical region in which they live. Some of the major regional South Slavic groups include: Zagorci in northern Croatia, Istrijani in westernmost Croatia, Dalmatinci in southern Croatia, Boduli in Adriatic islands, Vlaji in hinterland of Dalmatia, Slavonci in eastern Croatia, Bosanci in Bosnia, Hercegovci in Herzegovina, Kraji\u0161nici in western Bosnia, but is more commonly used to refer to the Serbs of Croatia, most of whom are descendants of the Grenzers, and continued to live in the area which made up the Military Frontier until the Croatian war of independence, Semberci in northeast Bosnia, Srbijanci in Serbia proper, \u0160umadinci in central Serbia, Vojvo\u0111ani in northern Serbia, Sremci in Syrmia, Ba\u010dvani in northwest Vojvodina, Bana\u0107ani in Banat, Sand\u017eaklije (Muslims in Serbia/Montenegro border), Kosovci in Kosovo, Bokelji in southwest Montenegro, Trakiytsi in Upper Thracian Lowlands, Dobrudzhantsi in north-east Bulgarian region, Balkandzhii in Central Balkan Mountains, Miziytsi in north Bulgarian region, Warmiaks and Masurians in north-east Polish regions Warmia and Mazuria, Pirintsi in Blagoevgrad Province, Ruptsi in the Rhodopes etc."}], ["Cossack, walaupun orang Kristian yang berbahasa Slavik dan Ortodoks, berasal dari campuran latar belakang etnik, termasuk Tatar dan orang Turki lainnya. Banyak ahli awal dari Terek Cossack adalah Ossetian. <> Cossacks berasal dari latar belakang? || Tatar dan lain-lain Turki <> Banyak ahli awal dari Terek Cossack adalah apa? || Ossetian <> Apa kaitan agama yang ada di Cossacks? || Agama Kristian Ortodoks <> Agama apakah agama utama Turki? || <> Apa banyak Tatar awal? || <> Apa yang dikatakan Ossetian? || <> Apa latar belakang etnik yang berasal dari Cossacks? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Cossacks came from what backgrounds?", "id": "56f76216a6d7ea1400e1723c", "answers": [{"text": "Tatars and other Turks", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Many early members of the Terek Cossacks were what?", "id": "56f76216a6d7ea1400e1723d", "answers": [{"text": "Ossetians", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What religious affiliation did the Cossacks have?", "id": "56f76216a6d7ea1400e1723e", "answers": [{"text": "Orthodox Christians", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Orthodox Christians", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "What primary religion do Turks follow?", "id": "5ad504cb5b96ef001a10a9dc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ossetians", "answer_start": 179}], "question": "What were many early Tatars?", "id": "5ad504cb5b96ef001a10a9dd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Slavic", "answer_start": 19}], "question": "What did the Ossetians speak?", "id": "5ad504cb5b96ef001a10a9de", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Tatars and other Turks", "answer_start": 109}], "question": "What ethnic backgrounds came from Cossacks?", "id": "5ad504cb5b96ef001a10a9df", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Cossacks, although Slavic-speaking and Orthodox Christians, came from a mix of ethnic backgrounds, including Tatars and other Turks. Many early members of the Terek Cossacks were Ossetians."}], ["The Gorals dari Poland selatan dan Slovakia utara sebahagiannya berasal dari Vlachs yang bercakap-bercakap Romawi yang bermigrasi ke rantau ini dari abad ke-14 hingga ke-17 dan diserap ke dalam penduduk tempatan. Penduduk Moravian Wallachia juga turun dari populasi ini. <> Di manakah Gorals berada? || selatan Poland dan utara Slovakia <> Siapa yang turun dari Vlachs bercakap Romantik? || Gorals <> Bilakah Vlachs berhijrah ke rantau ini? || Abad ke-14 hingga ke-17 <> Apa populasi yang diturunkan daripada Vlachs? || Moravian Wallachia <> Siapa yang turun dari Gorals? || <> Bahasa apa yang dikatakan Gorals? || <> Bilakah Gorals tinggal di Poland selatan? || <> Di mana Moravian Wallachia hidup? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did the Gorals reside?", "id": "56f7626aaef2371900625b85", "answers": [{"text": "southern Poland and northern Slovakia", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs?", "id": "56f7626aaef2371900625b86", "answers": [{"text": "Gorals", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Vlachs migrate into the region?", "id": "56f7626aaef2371900625b87", "answers": [{"text": "14th to 17th centuries", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What population descended from the Vlachs?", "id": "56f7626aaef2371900625b88", "answers": [{"text": "Moravian Wallachia", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Vlachs", "answer_start": 98}], "question": "Who descended from the Gorals?", "id": "5ad5051c5b96ef001a10a9fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Romance", "answer_start": 81}], "question": "What language did Gorals speak?", "id": "5ad5051c5b96ef001a10a9ff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "from the 14th to 17th centuries", "answer_start": 134}], "question": "When did the Gorals live in southern Poland?", "id": "5ad5051c5b96ef001a10aa00", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "southern Poland and northern Slovakia", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "Where do Moravian Wallachia live?", "id": "5ad5051c5b96ef001a10aa01", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Gorals of southern Poland and northern Slovakia are partially descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs who migrated into the region from the 14th to 17th centuries and were absorbed into the local population. The population of Moravian Wallachia also descend of this population."}], ["Sebaliknya, sesetengah Slav telah diasimilasikan ke dalam populasi lain. Walaupun majoriti terus ke selatan, tertarik dengan kekayaan wilayah yang akan menjadi Bulgaria, beberapa yang tinggal di lembah Carpathian dan akhirnya diasimilasikan ke dalam populasi Magyar atau Rumania. Terdapat sebilangan besar nama sungai dan nama lain yang berasal dari Slavia di Romania. [Sumber yang lebih baik diperlukan] <> Slavs yang tinggal di lembah Carpathian telah diasimilasikan ke siapa? || penduduk Magyar atau Rumania <> Terdapat sebilangan besar nama sungai dan nama lain yang berasal dari bahasa Slavia di negara mana? || Romania <> Majoriti Slavs terus ke selatan untuk kekayaan wilayah yang menjadi negara apa? || Bulgaria <> Di manakah Slav yang diasimilasikan ke dalam populasi Magyar atau Rumania? || Baskom Carpathian <> Siapa Slav di Bulgaria diasimilasikan oleh? || <> Apa yang menarik tentang Magyar? || <> Apa yang mempunyai asal-usul slavic di Bulgaria? || <> Apa lembah yang kebanyakan Slavs berakhir? || <> Arah yang mana yang dibawa oleh orang roman? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Slavs that remained in the Carpathian basin were assimilated into who?", "id": "56f762fbaef2371900625b8d", "answers": [{"text": "the Magyar or Romanian population", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "There is a large number of river names and other placenames of Slavic origin in what country?", "id": "56f762fbaef2371900625b8e", "answers": [{"text": "Romania", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Majority of Slavs continued south to the riches of the territory that became what country?", "id": "56f762fbaef2371900625b8f", "answers": [{"text": "Bulgaria", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Slavs that assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population remain?", "id": "56f762fbaef2371900625b90", "answers": [{"text": "Carpathian basin", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Magyar or Romanian population", "answer_start": 249}], "question": "Who were the Slavs in Bulgaria assimilated by?", "id": "5ad505b65b96ef001a10aa1a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the riches of the territory", "answer_start": 116}], "question": "What was attractive about the Magyar?", "id": "5ad505b65b96ef001a10aa1b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "river names and other placenames", "answer_start": 311}], "question": "What have slavic origins in Bulgaria?", "id": "5ad505b65b96ef001a10aa1c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Carpathian basin", "answer_start": 191}], "question": "What basin did most Slavs end up in?", "id": "5ad505b65b96ef001a10aa1d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "south", "answer_start": 96}], "question": "Which direction did the Romanians travel in?", "id": "5ad505b65b96ef001a10aa1e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Conversely, some Slavs were assimilated into other populations. Although the majority continued south, attracted by the riches of the territory which would become Bulgaria, a few remained in the Carpathian basin and were ultimately assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population. There is a large number of river names and other placenames of Slavic origin in Romania.[better source needed]"}], ["Sebaliknya, I2a1b1 (P41.2) adalah tipikal penduduk Slavia Selatan, yang tertinggi di Bosnia-Herzegovina (> 50%). Haplogroup I2a2 juga biasa dijumpai di Itali timur laut. Terdapat juga kepekatan I2a2a yang tinggi di rantau Moldavian Romania, Moldova dan barat Ukraine. Menurut kajian semula, Hg I2a2 dipercayai telah muncul di Balkan Barat beberapa waktu lalu setelah LGM, kemudian menyebar dari Balkan melalui Dataran Tengah Rusia. Baru-baru ini, Ken Nordtvedt telah memecah I2a2 menjadi dua klas - N (utara) dan S (selatan), berhubung di mana mereka muncul berbanding dengan Sungai Danube. Dia mencadangkan bahawa N adalah lebih tua daripada S. Dia mengira semula umur I2a2 menjadi ~ 2550 tahun dan mencadangkan bahawa pengedaran semasa dijelaskan oleh pengembangan Slavik dari kawasan utara-timur Carpathians. <> I2a1b1 adalah tipikal dari populasi apa? || Populasi Slavic Selatan <> I2a1b1 dijumpai yang tertinggi di mana? || Bosnia-Herzegovina <> Haplogroup I2a2 biasanya ditemui dalam kumpulan orang? || Itali timur laut <> Hg I2a2 dipercayai telah timbul di mana? || barat Balkan <> Siapa yang telah memecah I2a2 menjadi dua klad? || Ken Nordtvedt <> Berapa peratus daripada Itali timur laut mempunyai I2a1b1? || <> Di manakah I2a1b1 berasal? || <> Apa yang terdahulu l2a1b1? || <> Siapa yang membahagikan LGM? || <> Berapa lamakah I2a1b1 dikira menjadi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "I2a1b1 is typical of what populations?", "id": "56f75a5faef2371900625b43", "answers": [{"text": "South Slavic populations", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "I2a1b1 is found being highest where?", "id": "56f75a5faef2371900625b44", "answers": [{"text": "Bosnia-Herzegovina", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Haplogroup I2a2 is commonly found in what group of people?", "id": "56f75a5faef2371900625b45", "answers": [{"text": "north-eastern Italians", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Hg I2a2 was believed to have arisen where?", "id": "56f75a5faef2371900625b46", "answers": [{"text": "west Balkans", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has split I2a2 into two clades?", "id": "56f75a5faef2371900625b47", "answers": [{"text": "Ken Nordtvedt", "answer_start": 489}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": ">50%", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "What percentage of north-eastern Italians have I2a1b1?", "id": "5ad4fef85b96ef001a10a8cc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "west Balkans", "answer_start": 371}], "question": "Where did I2a1b1 originate?", "id": "5ad4fef85b96ef001a10a8cd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "LGM", "answer_start": 403}], "question": "What preceded l2a1b1?", "id": "5ad4fef85b96ef001a10a8ce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ken Nordtvedt", "answer_start": 489}], "question": "Who split LGM?", "id": "5ad4fef85b96ef001a10a8cf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "~ 2550 years", "answer_start": 705}], "question": "How old is I2a1b1 calculated to be?", "id": "5ad4fef85b96ef001a10a8d0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On the other hand, I2a1b1 (P41.2) is typical of the South Slavic populations, being highest in Bosnia-Herzegovina (>50%). Haplogroup I2a2 is also commonly found in north-eastern Italians. There is also a high concentration of I2a2a in the Moldavian region of Romania, Moldova and western Ukraine. According to original studies, Hg I2a2 was believed to have arisen in the west Balkans sometime after the LGM, subsequently spreading from the Balkans through Central Russian Plain. Recently, Ken Nordtvedt has split I2a2 into two clades \u2013 N (northern) and S (southern), in relation where they arose compared to Danube river. He proposes that N is slightly older than S. He recalculated the age of I2a2 to be ~ 2550 years and proposed that the current distribution is explained by a Slavic expansion from the area north-east of the Carpathians."}], ["Slavs Polabian (Wends) menetap di bahagian-bahagian England (Danelaw), nampaknya sekutu Denmark. Slavs Polabian-Pomeranian juga diketahui telah menetap di zaman Norse Iceland. Saqaliba merujuk kepada tentera upahan dan budak Slavik di dunia Arab abad pertengahan di Afrika Utara, Sicily dan Al-Andalus. Saqaliba berkhidmat sebagai pengawal khalifah. Pada abad ke-12, terdapat peningkatan besarnya cetak rompak Slavik di Baltik. Perang Salib Wendish dimulakan melawan Slavia Polabian pada 1147, sebagai sebahagian daripada Perang Salib Utara. Niklot, ketua pagan dari Obodrite Slavia, memulakan rintangan terbuka ketika Lothar III, Kaisar Romawi Suci, menyerang tanah Slavia. Pada bulan Ogos 1160 Niklot dibunuh dan penjajahan Jerman (Ostsiedlung) di rantau Elbe-Oder bermula. Di Hanoverian Wendland, penceroboh Mecklenburg-Vorpommern dan Lusatia memulakan permulaan. Bentuk-bentuk permulaan pemberontakan telah diterangkan oleh para biarawan Jerman: Helmold dalam naskah Chronicon Slavorum dan Adam Bremen dalam Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum. Bahasa Polabian bertahan sehingga permulaan abad ke-19 dalam apa yang kini adalah negeri Jerman Lower Saxony. Di Jerman Timur, sekitar 20% daripada Jerman mempunyai keturunan keluarga Slavia. Begitu juga, di Jerman, sekitar 20% daripada nama keluarga asing berasal dari Slavia. <> Siapa yang menetap di bahagian England? || Slavs Polabian (Wends) <> Di mana Slavs Polabian (Wends) menyelesaikan? || bahagian-bahagian England (Danelaw) <> Slavs Polabian-Pomeranian juga diketahui telah menetap di mana? || Umur Norse Iceland <> Apa yang merujuk kepada tentera upahan dan budak Slavik di dunia Arab abad pertengahan di Afrika Utara, Sicily dan Al-Andalus? || Saqaliba <> Saqaliba berkhidmat sebagai apa? || pengawal khalifah <> Apa nama lain untuk Iceland? || <> Nama apa yang merujuk kepada Slavs Polabian-Pomeranian? || <> Siapa yang berkhidmat sebagai pengawal Saqaliba? || <> Bilakah Slavia Polabian menetap di England? || <> Bilakah Niklot menyerang tanah Slavia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who settled in parts of England?", "id": "56f761b0a6d7ea1400e17232", "answers": [{"text": "Polabian Slavs (Wends)", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Polabian Slavs (Wends) settle?", "id": "56f761b0a6d7ea1400e17233", "answers": [{"text": "parts of England (Danelaw)", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Polabian-Pomeranian Slavs are also known to have even settled where?", "id": "56f761b0a6d7ea1400e17234", "answers": [{"text": "Norse age Iceland", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What refers to the Slavic mercenaries and slaves in the medieval Arab world in North Africa, Sicily and Al-Andalus?", "id": "56f761b0a6d7ea1400e17235", "answers": [{"text": "Saqaliba", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Saqaliba served as what?", "id": "56f761b0a6d7ea1400e17236", "answers": [{"text": "caliph's guards", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Danelaw", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "What is another name for Iceland?", "id": "5ad504705b96ef001a10a9c0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Saqaliba", "answer_start": 175}], "question": "What name refers to the Polabian-Pomeranian Slavs?", "id": "5ad504705b96ef001a10a9c1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "caliph", "answer_start": 314}], "question": "Who served as the guards of the Saqaliba?", "id": "5ad504705b96ef001a10a9c2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the 12th century", "answer_start": 334}], "question": "When did the Polabian Slavs settle in England?", "id": "5ad504705b96ef001a10a9c3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1147", "answer_start": 473}], "question": "When did Niklot invade Slavic lands?", "id": "5ad504705b96ef001a10a9c4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Polabian Slavs (Wends) settled in parts of England (Danelaw), apparently as Danish allies. Polabian-Pomeranian Slavs are also known to have even settled on Norse age Iceland. Saqaliba refers to the Slavic mercenaries and slaves in the medieval Arab world in North Africa, Sicily and Al-Andalus. Saqaliba served as caliph's guards. In the 12th century, there was intensification of Slavic piracy in the Baltics. The Wendish Crusade was started against the Polabian Slavs in 1147, as a part of the Northern Crusades. Niklot, pagan chief of the Slavic Obodrites, began his open resistance when Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor, invaded Slavic lands. In August 1160 Niklot was killed and German colonization (Ostsiedlung) of the Elbe-Oder region began. In Hanoverian Wendland, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Lusatia invaders started germanization. Early forms of germanization were described by German monks: Helmold in the manuscript Chronicon Slavorum and Adam of Bremen in Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum. The Polabian language survived until the beginning of the 19th century in what is now the German state of Lower Saxony. In Eastern Germany, around 20% of Germans have Slavic paternal ancestry. Similarly, in Germany, around 20% of the foreign surnames are of Slavic origin."}], ["Sampel DNA dari 1228 Rusia menunjukkan bahawa kromosom Y dianalisis, semua kecuali 20 (1.6%) jatuh ke dalam tujuh haplogroup utama yang semua ciri-ciri populasi Barat Eurasia. Diambil bersama, mereka menyumbang 95% daripada jumlah keseluruhan kromosom Y Rusia. Hanya (0.7%) jatuh ke dalam kumpulan haplogroup yang khusus untuk populasi Asia Timur dan Selatan. DNA mitokondria (mtDNA) yang diperiksa di Poland dan Rusia mendedahkan kehadiran semua haplogroup Eropah utama, yang dicirikan oleh corak pengedaran serupa di Poland dan Rusia. Analisis DNA tidak mendedahkan sebarang gabungan spesifik haplotip mtDNA dan subclusters mereka. DNA jelas menunjukkan bahawa kedua-dua Poland dan Rusia tidak berbeza dari penduduk Eropah yang berjiran. <> DNA dari berapa Rusia menunjukkan bahawa kromosom Y jatuh ke dalam tujuh haplogroup utama yang semua ciri ke populasi Eurasia Barat? || 1228 <> DNA sampel dari 1228 Rusia menunjukkan bahawa kromosom Y dianalisis, semua kecuali 20 (1.6%) jatuh ke dalam tujuh haplogroup utama yang semua ciri kepada populasi apa? || Eurasia Barat <> Diambil bersama, mereka menyumbang berapa peratus daripada jumlah keseluruhan kromosom Y Rusia? || 95% <> Berapa peratus jatuh ke dalam kumpulan haplogroup yang spesifik untuk populasi Asia Timur dan Asia? || 0.7% <> DNA mitokondria (mtDNA) yang diperiksa di Poland dan Rusia mendedahkan kehadiran apa haplogroup utama? || Eropah <> berapa peratus daripada Poland mempunyai kromosom Y di haplogroup utama? || <> Berapa banyak Poland dipelajari? || <> DNA dari Poland dan Rusia berbeza dari kumpulan apa? || <> Di manakah 20 haplogroup dari? || <> Berapa peratus daripada Poland mempunyai haplogroup dari populasi Asia Timur? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "DNA from how many Russians show that the Y chromosomes fall into seven major haplogroups all characteristic to West Eurasian populations?", "id": "56f7600baef2371900625b71", "answers": [{"text": "1228", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "DNA samples from 1228 Russians show that the Y chromosomes analyzed, all except 20 (1.6%) fall into seven major haplogroups all characteristic to what populations?", "id": "56f7600baef2371900625b72", "answers": [{"text": "West Eurasian", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Taken together, they account for what percentage of the total Russian Y chromosomal pool?", "id": "56f7600baef2371900625b73", "answers": [{"text": "95%", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage fell into haplogroups that are specific to East and South Asian populations?", "id": "56f7600baef2371900625b74", "answers": [{"text": "0.7%", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) examined in Poles and Russians revealed the presence of what major haplogroups?", "id": "56f7600baef2371900625b75", "answers": [{"text": "European", "answer_start": 432}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1.6%", "answer_start": 84}], "question": "what percentage of Poles have Y chromosomes in the major haplogroups?", "id": "5ad502655b96ef001a10a95e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1228", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "How many Poles were studied?", "id": "5ad502655b96ef001a10a95f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "neighbouring European populations", "answer_start": 730}], "question": "DNA of Poles and Russians differ from what group?", "id": "5ad502655b96ef001a10a960", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "West Eurasian", "answer_start": 146}], "question": "Where are the 20 haplogroups from?", "id": "5ad502655b96ef001a10a961", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "0.7%", "answer_start": 257}], "question": "What percentage of Poles have haplogroups from East Asian populations?", "id": "5ad502655b96ef001a10a962", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "DNA samples from 1228 Russians show that the Y chromosomes analyzed, all except 20 (1.6%) fall into seven major haplogroups all characteristic to West Eurasian populations. Taken together, they account for 95% of the total Russian Y chromosomal pool. Only (0.7%) fell into haplogroups that are specific to East and South Asian populations. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) examined in Poles and Russians revealed the presence of all major European haplogroups, which were characterized by similar patterns of distribution in Poles and Russians. An analysis of the DNA did not reveal any specific combinations of unique mtDNA haplotypes and their subclusters. The DNA clearly shows that both Poles and Russians are not different from the neighbouring European populations."}], ["Sepanjang sejarah mereka, Slavs berhubung dengan kumpulan bukan Slavia. Di rantau tanah air yang dirumuskan (sekarang ini Ukraine), mereka mempunyai hubungan dengan Sarmatians Iran dan Goth Jerman. Selepas penyebaran seterusnya, mereka mula mengasimilasikan masyarakat bukan Slavia. Sebagai contoh, di Balkan, terdapat orang-orang Paleo-Balkan, seperti Romanized dan Hellenized (Jire\u010dek Line) Illyrians, Thracians dan Dacians, serta Yunani dan Celtic Scordisci. Lama kelamaan, disebabkan oleh jumlah Slav yang lebih besar, kebanyakan keturunan penduduk pribumi Balkan telah Slavicized. The Thracians dan Illyrians lenyap dari populasi semasa tempoh ini - walaupun negara Albania moden mendakwa keturunan dari Illyrians. Pengecualian adalah Greece, di mana Slavs yang kurang bernombor yang bertaburan di sana datang kepada Hellenized (dibantu oleh lebih ramai orang Yunani yang kembali ke Yunani pada abad ke-9 dan peranan jemaat dan pentadbiran) dan Romania di mana orang Slavic menetap dalam perjalanan untuk masa kini Greece, Republik Macedonia, Bulgaria dan Thrace Timur di mana penduduk Slavia telah datang ke asimilasi. Bulgars juga diasimilasikan oleh Slavs tempatan tetapi status pemerintah mereka dan tanah berikutnya membentangkan warisan nominal bangsa Bulgaria dan rakyat ke semua generasi akan datang. Pembesar suara Romantik di bandar-bandar Dalmatian yang berkebolehan berjaya mengekalkan budaya dan bahasa mereka untuk waktu yang lama, kerana Dalmatian Romance dituturkan hingga Zaman Pertengahan yang tinggi. Walau bagaimanapun, mereka juga akhirnya diasimilasikan ke dalam badan Slavs. <> Apakah kawasan tanah air Slav? || Ukraine <> Siapa yang Slavs mempunyai hubungan dengan di Ukraine? || Sarmatians Iran dan Jerman Goths <> Selepas penyebaran mereka kemudian, mereka mula asimilasi siapa? || orang bukan Slavia <> Orang-orang di mana di Balkan? || Orang-orang Paleo-Balkan <> Yang hilang dari penduduk Balkan? || The Thracians and Illyrians <> Apa kumpulan non-Slavic yang ada di Ukraine sekarang? || <> Apa negara moden yang mendakwa turun dari kaum Thracian? || <> Bilakah Slavs Hellenized? || <> Apakah ciri-ciri Republik Macedonia yang membantu melepaskan warisannya kepada generasi akan datang? || <> Bilakah Dalmatian Romance mengasaskan Slavs? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the posulated homeland region of the Slavs?", "id": "56f7608daef2371900625b7b", "answers": [{"text": "Ukraine", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the Slavs have contact with in Ukraine?", "id": "56f7608daef2371900625b7c", "answers": [{"text": "Iranic Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After their subsequent spread, they began assimilating who?", "id": "56f7608daef2371900625b7d", "answers": [{"text": "non-Slavic peoples", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What peoples where in the Balkans?", "id": "56f7608daef2371900625b7e", "answers": [{"text": "Paleo-Balkan peoples", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who vanished from the population of the Balkans?", "id": "56f7608daef2371900625b7f", "answers": [{"text": "The Thracians and Illyrians", "answer_start": 584}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Iranic Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths", "answer_start": 158}], "question": "What non-Slavic groups are in present-day Ukraine?", "id": "5ad5033a5b96ef001a10a97a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Albanian nation", "answer_start": 682}], "question": "What modern nation claims to descend from Thracians?", "id": "5ad5033a5b96ef001a10a97b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "9th century", "answer_start": 883}], "question": "When were Slavs Hellenized?", "id": "5ad5033a5b96ef001a10a97c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "their ruling status and subsequent land", "answer_start": 1166}], "question": "What features of the Republic of Macedonia helped pass on its legacy to future generations?", "id": "5ad5033a5b96ef001a10a97d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "high Middle Ages", "answer_start": 1454}], "question": "When did Dalmatian Romance assimilate the Slavs?", "id": "5ad5033a5b96ef001a10a97e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Throughout their history, Slavs came into contact with non-Slavic groups. In the postulated homeland region (present-day Ukraine), they had contacts with the Iranic Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths. After their subsequent spread, they began assimilating non-Slavic peoples. For example, in the Balkans, there were Paleo-Balkan peoples, such as Romanized and Hellenized (Jire\u010dek Line) Illyrians, Thracians and Dacians, as well as Greeks and Celtic Scordisci. Over time, due to the larger number of Slavs, most descendants of the indigenous populations of the Balkans were Slavicized. The Thracians and Illyrians vanished from the population during this period \u2013 although the modern Albanian nation claims descent from the Illyrians. Exceptions are Greece, where the lesser numbered Slavs scattered there came to be Hellenized (aided in time by more Greeks returning to Greece in the 9th century and the role of the church and administration) and Romania where Slavic people settled en route for present-day Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria and East Thrace whereby the Slavic population had come to assimilate. Bulgars were also assimilated by local Slavs but their ruling status and subsequent land cast the nominal legacy of Bulgarian country and people onto all future generations. The Romance speakers within the fortified Dalmatian cities managed to retain their culture and language for a long time, as Dalmatian Romance was spoken until the high Middle Ages. However, they too were eventually assimilated into the body of Slavs."}], ["Di Balkan Barat, Slav Selatan dan Jerman Gepid berkahwin dengan penyerang Avar, akhirnya menghasilkan penduduk Slavicized. [Rujukan?] Di Eropah Tengah, Slavs bercampur dengan Jerman dan Celtic, sementara Slavia timur menemui orang Uralic dan Scandinavia. Scandinavians (Varangians) dan orang-orang Finnic terlibat dalam pembentukan awal negeri Rus tetapi telah sepenuhnya Slavicized selepas satu abad. Beberapa puak Finno-Ugric di utara juga diserap ke dalam populasi Rusia yang berkembang. Pada masa penghijrahan Magyar, Hungaria saat ini didiami oleh Slavs, berjumlah kira-kira 200,000, dan oleh Romano-Dacian yang sama ada diasimilasi atau diperhambakan oleh Magyars. Pada abad ke-11 dan ke-12, serangan berterusan oleh puak-puak Turk nomad, seperti Kipchaks dan Pechenegs, menyebabkan penghijrahan penduduk Slavia Timur ke kawasan yang lebih selamat dan berhutan di utara. Pada Zaman Pertengahan, kumpulan pelombong bijih Saxon menetap di zaman pertengahan Bosnia, Serbia dan Bulgaria di mana mereka telah Slavicized. <> Di mana Slavs Selatan dan Gepeng Jerman berkahwin dengan penceroboh Avar? || Di Balkan Barat <> Di Balkan Barat, Slav Selatan dan Jerman Gepid berkahwin dengan siapa? || Avar penceroboh <> Di Eropah Tengah, Slavs bercampur dengan siapa? || Jermanik dan Celtic <> Slavs timur yang bercampur dengan siapa? || Orang Uralic dan Scandinavia <> Scandinavians (Varangians) dan orang Finnis terlibat dalam pembentukan awal apa negeri? || negeri Rus <> Apakah nama lain untuk bangsa Finnic? || <> Apakah keadaan yang membantu membentuk bantuan Gepeng Jermanik? || <> Bilakah migrasi Magyar? || <> Berapa banyak orang Roman-Dacian berada di dalam penghijrahan Magyar? || <> Apa suku-suku yang menyerang tinggal di kawasan utara? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with Avar invaders?", "id": "56f76139a6d7ea1400e17228", "answers": [{"text": "In the Western Balkans", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the Western Balkans, South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with who?", "id": "56f76139a6d7ea1400e17229", "answers": [{"text": "Avar invaders", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Central Europe, the Slavs intermixed with who?", "id": "56f76139a6d7ea1400e1722a", "answers": [{"text": "Germanic and Celtic", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The eastern Slavs intermixed with who?", "id": "56f76139a6d7ea1400e1722b", "answers": [{"text": "Uralic and Scandinavian peoples", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Scandinavians (Varangians) and Finnic peoples were involved in the early formation of what state?", "id": "56f76139a6d7ea1400e1722c", "answers": [{"text": "the Rus' state", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Varangians", "answer_start": 302}], "question": "What is another name for the Finnic peoples?", "id": "5ad503f45b96ef001a10a9a2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Rus'", "answer_start": 373}], "question": "What state did the Germanic Gepids help form?", "id": "5ad503f45b96ef001a10a9a3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "11th and 12th centuries", "answer_start": 722}], "question": "When was the Magyar migration?", "id": "5ad503f45b96ef001a10a9a4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "200,000", "answer_start": 628}], "question": "How many Romano-Dacians were there in the Magyar migration?", "id": "5ad503f45b96ef001a10a9a5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Turkic", "answer_start": 778}], "question": "What attacking tribes lived in the regions of the north?", "id": "5ad503f45b96ef001a10a9a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the Western Balkans, South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with Avar invaders, eventually producing a Slavicized population.[citation needed] In Central Europe, the Slavs intermixed with Germanic and Celtic, while the eastern Slavs encountered Uralic and Scandinavian peoples. Scandinavians (Varangians) and Finnic peoples were involved in the early formation of the Rus' state but were completely Slavicized after a century. Some Finno-Ugric tribes in the north were also absorbed into the expanding Rus population. At the time of the Magyar migration, the present-day Hungary was inhabited by Slavs, numbering about 200,000, and by Romano-Dacians who were either assimilated or enslaved by the Magyars. In the 11th and 12th centuries, constant incursions by nomadic Turkic tribes, such as the Kipchaks and the Pechenegs, caused a massive migration of East Slavic populations to the safer, heavily forested regions of the north. In the Middle Ages, groups of Saxon ore miners settled in medieval Bosnia, Serbia and Bulgaria where they were Slavicized."}], ["Pada tahun 2008, ahli biokimia Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk (Rusia: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0434\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0447\u0443\u043a) et al. Institut Masalah Biologi Utara, Akademi Sains Rusia, Magadan, Rusia, menggunakan sampel (n = 279) individu Czech untuk menentukan kekerapan \"Mongoloid\" \"mtDNA keturunan\". Malyarchuk mendapati keturunan mtDNA Czech adalah tipikal \"populasi Slavic\" dengan \"1.8%\" keturunan mtDNA Mongoloid. Malyarchuk menambah bahawa \"populasi Slavic\" \"hampir selalu\" mengandungi keturunan mtDNA Mongoloid. Malyarchuk berkata komponen Mongoloid Slavic sebahagiannya ditambah sebelum perpecahan \"Balto-Slavik\" di 2,000-3,000 SM dengan campuran tambahan Mongoloid yang berlaku di kalangan Slavik dalam 4,000 tahun yang lalu. Malyarchuk berkata \"penduduk Rusia\" telah dibangunkan oleh \"asimilasi penduduk pra-Slavia asli Eropah Timur oleh Slavs sejati\" dengan tambahan \"asimilasi populasi Finno-Ugric\" dan \"interaksi yang tahan lama\" dengan populasi \"Siberia \"dan\" Asia Tengah \". Malyarchuk berkata Slavs lain \"komponen Mongoloid\" meningkat semasa gelombang penghijrahan dari \"populasi padang rumput (Hun, Avar, Bulgars dan Mongol)\", terutamanya penghancuran \"Avar Khaganate\". <> Bilakah Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk menggunakan sampel individu Czech untuk menentukan kekerapan \"Monigoloid\" \"mtDNA keturunan\"? || 2008 <> Siapa yang menggunakan sampel individu Czech untuk menentukan frekuensi \"Monigoloid\" \"mtDNA keturunan\"? || Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk <> Malyarchuk mendapati keturunan mtDNA Czech adalah tipikal dari populasi apa? || Populasi Slavic <> Malyarchuk berkata komponen Mongoloid Slavic sebahagiannya ditambah sebelum perpecahan \"Balto-Slavik\" dalam apa tempoh masa? || Malyarchuk berkata Slavs lain \"komponen Mongoloid\" meningkat semasa gelombang penghijrahan dari \"populasi padang rumput <> Malyarchuk berkata bahawa Slavs lain\" komponen Mongoloid \"meningkat semasa gelombang penghijrahan dari apa yang penduduk? || steppe populasi <> Apa itu nama orang Czech yang diuji? || <> Apa yang diasimilasikan penduduk Rusia? || <> Kapan perpindahan populasi padang rumput? || <> Berapa banyak ahli biokimia yang terlibat dalam kajian ini? -Ugric mempunyai keturunan mtDNA Mongoloid? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk use a sample of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of \"Monigoloid\" \"mtDNA lineages\"?", "id": "56f75e0fa6d7ea1400e1720c", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who used a sample of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of \"Monigoloid\" \"mtDNA lineages\"?", "id": "56f75e0fa6d7ea1400e1720d", "answers": [{"text": "Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Malyarchuk found Czech mtDNA lineages were typical of what populations?", "id": "56f75e0fa6d7ea1400e1720e", "answers": [{"text": "Slavic populations", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Malyarchuk said the Mongoloid component of Slavic people was partially added before the split of \"Balto-Slavics\" in what time period?", "id": "56f75e0fa6d7ea1400e1720f", "answers": [{"text": "Malyarchuk said that other Slavs \"Mongoloid component\" was increased during the waves of migration from \"steppe populations", "answer_start": 1007}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Malyarchuk said that other Slavs \"Mongoloid component\" was increased during the waves of migration from what populations?", "id": "56f75e0fa6d7ea1400e17210", "answers": [{"text": "steppe populations", "answer_start": 1112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk", "answer_start": 20}], "question": "What was the name of the Czech individual tested?", "id": "5ad501565b96ef001a10a922", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the indigenous pre-Slavic population", "answer_start": 793}], "question": "What assimilated the Russian population?", "id": "5ad501565b96ef001a10a923", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2,000\u20133,000 BC", "answer_start": 616}], "question": "When was the steppe population migration?", "id": "5ad501565b96ef001a10a924", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "279", "answer_start": 210}], "question": "How many biochemists were involved in the study?", "id": "5ad501565b96ef001a10a925", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1.8%", "answer_start": 377}], "question": "What percentage of Finno-Ugric populations have Mongoloid mtDNA lineage?", "id": "5ad501565b96ef001a10a926", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2008, biochemist Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0434\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0447\u0443\u043a) et al. of the Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia, used a sample (n=279) of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of \"Mongoloid\" \"mtDNA lineages\". Malyarchuk found Czech mtDNA lineages were typical of \"Slavic populations\" with \"1.8%\" Mongoloid mtDNA lineage. Malyarchuk added that \"Slavic populations\" \"almost always\" contain Mongoloid mtDNA lineage. Malyarchuk said the Mongoloid component of Slavic people was partially added before the split of \"Balto-Slavics\" in 2,000\u20133,000 BC with additional Mongoloid mixture occurring among Slavics in the last 4,000 years. Malyarchuk said the \"Russian population\" was developed by the \"assimilation of the indigenous pre-Slavic population of Eastern Europe by true Slavs\" with additional \"assimilation of Finno-Ugric populations\" and \"long-lasting\" interactions with the populations of \"Siberia\" and \"Central Asia\". Malyarchuk said that other Slavs \"Mongoloid component\" was increased during the waves of migration from \"steppe populations (Huns, Avars, Bulgars and Mongols)\", especially the decay of the \"Avar Khaganate\"."}]], [["Serangan Viking dari 840 dan seterusnya menyumbang kepada kemerosotan Hamwic pada abad ke-9, dan pada abad ke-10, sebuah penempatan yang diperkuat, yang menjadi pertengahan abad ke-20, telah ditubuhkan. <> Apa jenis serbuan yang mengganggu Hamwic pada abad ke-9? || Viking <> Tahun berapakah Vikings mula menyerang Hamwic? || 840 <> Pada abad apakah penempatan baru yang ditubuhkan di tapak Hamwic? || 10th <> Apa nama penempatan bertembok abad ke-10 yang mengambil tempat Hamwic? || Southampton", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of raids disturbed Hamwic in the 9th century?", "id": "56f837eba6d7ea1400e174b5", "answers": [{"text": "Viking", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the Vikings start attacking Hamwic?", "id": "56f837eba6d7ea1400e174b6", "answers": [{"text": "840", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century was a new settlement set up at the site of Hamwic?", "id": "56f837eba6d7ea1400e174b7", "answers": [{"text": "10th", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the 10th-century fortified settlement that took Hamwic's place?", "id": "56f837eba6d7ea1400e174b8", "answers": [{"text": "Southampton", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Viking raids from 840 onwards contributed to the decline of Hamwic in the 9th century, and by the 10th century a fortified settlement, which became medieval Southampton, had been established."}], ["Sisa-sisa kediaman pedagang abad ke-12 seperti Rumah Raja John dan Istana Canute adalah bukti kekayaan yang ada di bandar pada masa ini. Pada tahun 1348, Black Death mencapai England melalui kapal dagang yang memanggil di Southampton. <> Runtuhan rumah-rumah peniaga yang masih hidup hari ini adalah bukti bahawa Southampton mempunyai orang kaya dalam abad apa? || Ke-12 <> Apa wabah yang dibuat ke England kerana semua kapal yang melawat Southampton pada abad ke-14? || Kematian Hitam <> Tahun berapa Kematian Hitam tiba di England buat kali pertama? || 1348 <> Sebagai tambahan kepada Raja John's House, apakah nama kediaman saudagar kaya yang lain yang masih tersisa? || Canute's Palace", {"qas": [{"question": "Ruins of merchants' homes that survive today are evidence that Southampton had rich people in what century?", "id": "56f83b32a6d7ea1400e174e9", "answers": [{"text": "12th", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What plague made it to England because of all the ships visiting Southampton in the 14th century?", "id": "56f83b32a6d7ea1400e174ea", "answers": [{"text": "Black Death", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the Black Death arrive in England for the first time?", "id": "56f83b32a6d7ea1400e174eb", "answers": [{"text": "1348", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to King John's House, what's the name of another rich merchant's dwelling that still partly remains?", "id": "56f83b32a6d7ea1400e174ec", "answers": [{"text": "Canute's Palace", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Surviving remains of 12th century merchants' houses such as King John's House and Canute's Palace are evidence of the wealth that existed in the town at this time. In 1348, the Black Death reached England via merchant vessels calling at Southampton."}], ["Bandar ini dipecat pada 1338 oleh kapal-kapal Perancis, Genoese dan Monegasque (di bawah Charles Grimaldi, yang menggunakan rampasan untuk membantu menemui kerajaan Monaco). Semasa melawat Southampton pada 1339, Edward III mengarahkan tembok itu dibina untuk 'menutup bandar'. Pembentukan semula sebahagian besar dinding itu bermula dari 1175-memuncak pada penghujung dinding barat pada tahun 1380. Kira-kira separuh dinding, 13 menara asli, dan enam pintu hidup. <> Siapa yang mengetuai pencerobohan Southampton pada abad ke-14 oleh orang Perancis dan lain-lain? || Charles Grimaldi <> Apa yang pemerintah bangun Grimaldi didirikan dengan keuntungan dari Southampton menjarah? || Monaco <> Tahun apakah Edward III muncul di Southampton dan memberitahu mereka untuk membina dinding? || 1339 <> Berapa banyak menara asli dari dinding Southampton masih berdiri? || 13 <> Seksyen tertua dinding asli di sekitar bandar bermula dari tahun berapa? || 1175", {"qas": [{"question": "Who led the invasion of Southampton in the 14th century by the French and others?", "id": "56f83d50a6d7ea1400e174fb", "answers": [{"text": "Charles Grimaldi", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What principality did Grimaldi set up with the profits from plundering Southampton?", "id": "56f83d50a6d7ea1400e174fc", "answers": [{"text": "Monaco", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Edward III show up in Southampton and tell them to build walls?", "id": "56f83d50a6d7ea1400e174fd", "answers": [{"text": "1339", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of the original towers from Southampton's walls are still standing?", "id": "56f83d50a6d7ea1400e174fe", "answers": [{"text": "13", "answer_start": 395}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The oldest section of the original wall around the town dates from what year?", "id": "56f83d50a6d7ea1400e174ff", "answers": [{"text": "1175", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The town was sacked in 1338 by French, Genoese and Monegasque ships (under Charles Grimaldi, who used the plunder to help found the principality of Monaco). On visiting Southampton in 1339, Edward III ordered that walls be built to 'close the town'. The extensive rebuilding\u2014part of the walls dates from 1175\u2014culminated in the completion of the western walls in 1380. Roughly half of the walls, 13 of the original towers, and six gates survive."}], ["Berikutan Penaklukan Norman pada 1066, Southampton menjadi pelabuhan utama transit antara ibu kota England, Winchester, dan Normandy. Istana Southampton dibina pada abad ke-12 dan pada abad ke-13 Southampton telah menjadi pelabuhan utama, terutamanya yang terlibat dalam import wain Perancis sebagai pertukaran untuk kain dan bulu Inggeris. <> Dalam tahun apakah penaklukan Norman berlaku? || 1066 <> Apakah ibukota England semasa penaklukan Norman? || Winchester <> Southampton adalah penting untuk transit antara Winchester dan apa rantau lain di England pada abad ke-11? || Normandy <> Dalam abad apa yang dibina Castle Castle? || Ke-12 <Pada abad ke-13, apakah yang dilakukan Southampton dalam perdagangan kain dan bulu bahasa Inggeris? || Wain Perancis", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the Norman Conquest take place?", "id": "56f8393fa6d7ea1400e174c5", "answers": [{"text": "1066", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the capital of England during the time of the Norman Conquest?", "id": "56f8393fa6d7ea1400e174c6", "answers": [{"text": "Winchester", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Southampton was important to transit between Winchester and what other region in England in the 11th century?", "id": "56f8393fa6d7ea1400e174c7", "answers": [{"text": "Normandy", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century was Southampton Castle built?", "id": "56f8393fa6d7ea1400e174c8", "answers": [{"text": "12th", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the 13th century, what did Southampton get in trade for English cloth and wool?", "id": "56f8393fa6d7ea1400e174c9", "answers": [{"text": "French wine", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Following the Norman Conquest in 1066, Southampton became the major port of transit between the then capital of England, Winchester, and Normandy. Southampton Castle was built in the 12th century and by the 13th century Southampton had become a leading port, particularly involved in the import of French wine in exchange for English cloth and wool."}], ["Tembok bandar termasuk Menara Rumah Tuhan, yang dibina pada tahun 1417, kubu pengukuhan artileri pertama di England. Selama bertahun-tahun ia telah digunakan sebagai rumah kepada penembak bandar, Town Gaol dan juga sebagai simpanan untuk Southampton Harbour Board. Sehingga September 2011, ia menempatkan Muzium Arkeologi. Tembok-tembok itu selesai pada abad ke-15, tetapi kemudian pembangunan beberapa kubu baru di sepanjang Southampton Water dan Solen oleh Henry VIII bermakna Southampton tidak lagi bergantung pada kubu-kubunya. <> Apakah nama menara dinding yang merupakan yang pertama seumpamanya di England yang dibina untuk tujuan artileri? || Menara Rumah Allah <> Dalam tahun berapa pula Menara Rumah Tuhan dibina? || 1417 <> Muzium apa yang terletak di Menara Rumah Tuhan sehingga 2011? || Muzium Arkeologi <> Raja mana di England mengarahkan kubu baru yang membantu Southampton bergantung sedikit pada dindingnya? || Henry VIII <> Dalam abad berapakah Southampton menyelesaikan tembok di sekitar bandar? || 15th", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the name of the wall tower that was the first of its kind in England built for artillery purposes?", "id": "56f83f77aef2371900625f3f", "answers": [{"text": "God's House Tower", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the God's House Tower built?", "id": "56f83f77aef2371900625f40", "answers": [{"text": "1417", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What museum was located in God's House Tower until 2011?", "id": "56f83f77aef2371900625f41", "answers": [{"text": "Museum of Archaeology", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which king of England directed new fortifications that helped Southampton rely less on its wall?", "id": "56f83f77aef2371900625f42", "answers": [{"text": "Henry VIII", "answer_start": 447}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did Southampton complete construction of the wall around the city?", "id": "56f83f77aef2371900625f43", "answers": [{"text": "15th", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city walls include God's House Tower, built in 1417, the first purpose-built artillery fortification in England. Over the years it has been used as home to the city's gunner, the Town Gaol and even as storage for the Southampton Harbour Board. Until September 2011, it housed the Museum of Archaeology. The walls were completed in the 15th century, but later development of several new fortifications along Southampton Water and the Solent by Henry VIII meant that Southampton was no longer dependent upon its fortifications."}], ["Anglo-Saxon membentuk penempatan yang baru, lebih besar, di seberang Itchen yang berpusat pada apa yang kini menjadi kawasan kota St Mary. Penyelesaian itu dikenali sebagai Hamwic, yang berkembang menjadi Hamtun dan kemudian Hampton. Penggalian arkeologi laman web ini telah menemui salah satu koleksi terbaik dari artifak Saxon di Eropah. Ia dari bandar ini bahawa daerah Hampshire mendapat namanya. <> Apa orang-orang menubuhkan penempatan di apa yang sekarang menjadi kawasan St. Mary di Southampton? || Anglo-Saxon <> Apakah nama Anglo-Saxon memberi tempat pertama mereka? || Hamwic <> Apa nama Hamwic mempunyai sementara ketika ia berkembang menjadi Hampton? || Hamtun <> Apa daerah di England dinamakan selepas Hampton? || Hampshire <> Apa sungai yang dipisahkan Hamwic dari rumah peneroka sebelumnya? || Itchen", {"qas": [{"question": "What people established a settlement in what is now the St. Mary's area of Southampton?", "id": "56f8366baef2371900625f13", "answers": [{"text": "Anglo-Saxons", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What name did the Anglo-Saxons give their settlement first?", "id": "56f8366baef2371900625f14", "answers": [{"text": "Hamwic", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What name did Hamwic have in the interim as it was evolving into Hampton?", "id": "56f8366baef2371900625f15", "answers": [{"text": "Hamtun", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What county in England was named after Hampton?", "id": "56f8366baef2371900625f16", "answers": [{"text": "Hampshire", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What river separated Hamwic from the home of previous settlers?", "id": "56f8366baef2371900625f17", "answers": [{"text": "Itchen", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Anglo-Saxons formed a new, larger, settlement across the Itchen centred on what is now the St Mary's area of the city. The settlement was known as Hamwic, which evolved into Hamtun and then Hampton. Archaeological excavations of this site have uncovered one of the best collections of Saxon artefacts in Europe. It is from this town that the county of Hampshire gets its name."}], ["Penemuan arkeologi menunjukkan bahawa kawasan itu telah didiami sejak zaman batu. Berikutan pencerobohan Rom Britain pada AD 43 dan penaklukkan British tempatan pada tahun 70 AD, penyelesaian kubu Clausentum ditubuhkan. Ia adalah pelabuhan perdagangan penting dan tempat pertahanan Winchester, di lokasi Bitterne Manor moden. Clausentum dipertahankan oleh tembok dan dua parit dan dianggap mengandungi rumah mandi. Clausentum tidak ditinggalkan sehinggalah sekitar 410. <> Tahun apakah orang Roma menyerbu Britain? || AD 43 <> Apa penempatan kuno yang ditubuhkan setelah Rom menyerang dan orang-orang Briton ditawan? || Clausentum <> Menurut keterangan yang dijumpai, dalam apa zaman arkeologi ada penduduk pertama di kawasan Southampton? || zaman batu <> Apakah tapak Clausentum dipanggil sekarang? || Bitterne Manor <> Sebagai tambahan kepada dua parit, apakah pertahanan Clausentum dari penceroboh? || dinding", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did the Romans invade Britain?", "id": "56f833afaef2371900625ef7", "answers": [{"text": "AD 43", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ancient settlement was established after Rome invaded and the Britons were conquered?", "id": "56f833afaef2371900625ef8", "answers": [{"text": "Clausentum", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to evidence found, in what archaeological age were there first inhabitants in the area of Southampton?", "id": "56f833afaef2371900625ef9", "answers": [{"text": "stone age", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the site of Clausentum called now?", "id": "56f833afaef2371900625efa", "answers": [{"text": "Bitterne Manor", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to two ditches, what was Clausentum's defense from invaders?", "id": "56f833afaef2371900625efb", "answers": [{"text": "a wall", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Archaeological finds suggest that the area has been inhabited since the stone age. Following the Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43 and the conquering of the local Britons in 70 AD the fortress settlement of Clausentum was established. It was an important trading port and defensive outpost of Winchester, at the site of modern Bitterne Manor. Clausentum was defended by a wall and two ditches and is thought to have contained a bath house. Clausentum was not abandoned until around 410."}], ["Dalam banci 2001 Southampton dan Portsmouth dicatatkan sebagai sebahagian daripada kawasan bandar yang berasingan, namun pada masa bancian 2011 mereka telah bergabung menjadi kawasan pembina keenam terbesar di England dengan populasi 855,569. Kawasan terbina ini adalah sebahagian daripada kawasan metropolitan yang dikenali sebagai South Hampshire, yang juga dikenali sebagai Solent City, terutamanya dalam media semasa membincangkan perubahan organisasi tadbir urus tempatan. Dengan populasi lebih daripada 1.5 juta, ini menjadikan kawasan itu salah satu kawasan metropolitan yang paling ramai penduduk di United Kingdom. <> Apa bandar lain yang bergabung dengan Southampton selepas banci tahun 2001? || Portsmouth <> Apa nama lain untuk South Hampshire? || Solent City <> Dalam banci 2011, apakah penduduk Southampton selepas ia bergabung dengan Portsmouth? || 855,569 <> Kawasan metropolitan apa yang Portsmouth sebahagian? || South Hampshire <> Berapa anggaran penduduk minimum Hampshire Selatan? || 1.5 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "What other city merged with Southampton after the 2001 census?", "id": "56f83185aef2371900625ee3", "answers": [{"text": "Portsmouth", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the other name for South Hampshire?", "id": "56f83185aef2371900625ee4", "answers": [{"text": "Solent City", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the 2011 census, what was the population of Southampton after it merged with Portsmouth?", "id": "56f83185aef2371900625ee5", "answers": [{"text": "855,569", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What metropolitan area is Portsmouth a part of?", "id": "56f83185aef2371900625ee6", "answers": [{"text": "South Hampshire", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the estimated minimum population of South Hampshire?", "id": "56f83185aef2371900625ee7", "answers": [{"text": "1.5 million", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 2001 census Southampton and Portsmouth were recorded as being parts of separate urban areas, however by the time of the 2011 census they had merged to become the sixth largest built-up area in England with a population of 855,569. This built-up area is part of the metropolitan area known as South Hampshire, which is also known as Solent City, particularly in the media when discussing local governance organisational changes. With a population of over 1.5 million this makes the region one of the United Kingdom's most populous metropolitan areas."}], ["Southampton (i / sa\u028a\u03b8\u00e6mpt\u0259n, -h\u00e6mpt\u0259n /) adalah bandar terbesar di daerah istana Hampshire di pantai selatan England, dan terletak 75 batu (121 km) barat daya London dan 19 batu (31 km) utara- barat Portsmouth. Southampton adalah sebuah pelabuhan utama dan bandar paling dekat ke New Forest. Ia terletak di titik paling utara di Southampton Water pada pertengahan Ujian Sungai dan River Itchen, dengan Sungai Hamble bergabung ke selatan kawasan bandar. Bandar, yang merupakan satu kesatuan kuasa, mempunyai anggaran penduduk 253,651. Nama bandar ini kadang-kadang disingkat secara bertulis kepada \"So'ton\" atau \"Soton\", dan penduduk Southampton dipanggil Sotonian. <> Apakah anggaran penduduk Southampton? || 253,651 <> Apa yang boleh anda panggil seseorang yang tinggal di Southampton? || Sotonian <> Di mana daerah ceremonial terletak di Southampton? || Hampshire <> Berapa batu jauhnya dari London ialah Southampton? || 75 <> Di manakah anda akan pergi dari Portsmouth untuk sampai ke Southampton? || Barat laut", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the estimated population of Southampton?", "id": "56f6f44f711bf01900a4488e", "answers": [{"text": "253,651", "answer_start": 540}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What could you call someone who lives in Southampton?", "id": "56f6f44f711bf01900a4488f", "answers": [{"text": "Sotonian", "answer_start": 667}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what ceremonial county is Southampton located?", "id": "56f6f44f711bf01900a44890", "answers": [{"text": "Hampshire", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many miles away from London is Southampton?", "id": "56f6f44f711bf01900a44891", "answers": [{"text": "75", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which direction would you travel from Portsmouth to reach Southampton?", "id": "56f6f44f711bf01900a44892", "answers": [{"text": "north-west", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton (i/sa\u028a\u03b8\u02c8\u00e6mpt\u0259n, -h\u00e6mpt\u0259n/) is the largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated 75 miles (121 km) south-west of London and 19 miles (31 km) north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the River Test and River Itchen, with the River Hamble joining to the south of the urban area. The city, which is a unitary authority, has an estimated population of 253,651. The city's name is sometimes abbreviated in writing to \"So'ton\" or \"Soton\", and a resident of Southampton is called a Sotonian."}], ["Majikan penting di Southampton termasuk Universiti Southampton, Southampton Solent University, Lapangan Terbang Southampton, Survey Ordnance, BBC South, NHS, ABP dan Karnival UK. Southampton terkenal kerana hubungannya dengan RMS Titanic, Spitfire dan lebih umum dalam naratif Perang Dunia II sebagai salah satu titik keberangkatan untuk D-Day, dan baru-baru ini sebagai pelabuhan utama beberapa kapal pesiar terbesar di dunia. Southampton mempunyai pusat membeli-belah yang besar dan taman runcit yang dipanggil WestQuay. Pada bulan Oktober 2014, Majlis Bandaraya meluluskan susulan dari taman WestQuay, yang dipanggil WaterQuay Watermark. Pembinaan oleh Sir Robert McAlpine bermula pada Januari 2015. Hammerson, pemilik taman runcit, berhasrat untuk mempunyai sekurang-kurangnya 1,550 orang yang bekerja di premisnya pada akhir tahun 2016. <> Apakah pusat membeli-belah besar di Southampton dipanggil? || WestQuay <> Dalam bulan manakah tahun 2014 apakah Majlis Bandaraya Southampton memberi laluan ke WestQuay Watermark? || Oktober <> Perang apa yang sering dikaitkan dengan Southampton? || Perang Dunia II <> Syarikat apa yang memiliki WestQuay Watermark? || Hammerson <> Menjelang akhir tahun 2016, berapa orang yang diunjurkan untuk menjadi tapak tapak di WestQuay Watermark? || 1,550", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the big retail shopping center in Southampton called?", "id": "56f7197b711bf01900a4495a", "answers": [{"text": "WestQuay", "answer_start": 505}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month of 2014 did Southampton's City Council give the go-ahead for WestQuay Watermark?", "id": "56f7197b711bf01900a4495b", "answers": [{"text": "October", "answer_start": 518}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What war is Southampton often associated with?", "id": "56f7197b711bf01900a4495c", "answers": [{"text": "World War II", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company owns WestQuay Watermark?", "id": "56f7197b711bf01900a4495d", "answers": [{"text": "Hammerson", "answer_start": 684}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By the end of 2016, how many people are projected to be working onsite at WestQuay Watermark?", "id": "56f7197b711bf01900a4495e", "answers": [{"text": "1,550", "answer_start": 747}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Significant employers in Southampton include The University of Southampton, Southampton Solent University, Southampton Airport, Ordnance Survey, BBC South, the NHS, ABP and Carnival UK. Southampton is noted for its association with the RMS Titanic, the Spitfire and more generally in the World War II narrative as one of the departure points for D-Day, and more recently as the home port of a number of the largest cruise ships in the world. Southampton has a large shopping centre and retail park called WestQuay. In October 2014, the City Council approved a follow-up from the WestQuay park, called WestQuay Watermark. Construction by Sir Robert McAlpine commenced in January 2015. Hammerson, the owners of the retail park, aim to have at least 1,550 people employed on its premises at year-end 2016."}], ["Pada tahun 1642, semasa Perang Saudara Inggeris, sebuah garrison Parlimen berpindah ke Southampton. The Royalists maju sejauh Redbridge, Southampton, pada bulan Mac 1644 tetapi dihalang daripada mengambil bandar. <> Perang apa yang berlaku pada tahun 1640-an di England? || Perang Saudara Inggeris <> Tahun apakah pasukan garisan Parlimen memasuki Southampton? || 1642 <> Apa bandar paling jauh yang diraih oleh Raja-Raja ketika mereka masuk ke Southampton pada tahun 1644? || Redbridge <> Dalam bulan berapa 1644 adakah para Royalis gagal mengambil Redbridge? || Mac", {"qas": [{"question": "What war was taking place in the 1640s in England?", "id": "56f858c6aef2371900626007", "answers": [{"text": "English Civil War", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did a Parliamentary garrison enter Southampton?", "id": "56f858c6aef2371900626008", "answers": [{"text": "1642", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the furthest town the Royalists reached during their advance into Southampton in 1644?", "id": "56f858c6aef2371900626009", "answers": [{"text": "Redbridge", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month of 1644 did the Royalists fail to take Redbridge?", "id": "56f858c6aef237190062600a", "answers": [{"text": "March", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1642, during the English Civil War, a Parliamentary garrison moved into Southampton. The Royalists advanced as far as Redbridge, Southampton, in March 1644 but were prevented from taking the town."}], ["Southampton menjadi bandar spa pada tahun 1740. Ia juga menjadi tapak popular untuk mandi laut pada tahun 1760-an, walaupun kekurangan pantai berkualiti. Bangunan inovatif khusus untuk tujuan ini telah dibina di West Quay, dengan mandi yang diisi dan dikosongkan oleh aliran air pasang. <> Bilakah Southampton bertukar menjadi bandar spa? || 1740 <> Walaupun tidak mempunyai pantai yang baik, berapa dekad melihat Southampton menjadi popular untuk mandi laut? || 1760s <> Di mana di Southampton terdapat mandian khas yang dipenuhi oleh air laut yang dibina? || West Quay <> Apa perubahan dalam aliran laut mengendalikan mandi inovatif di West Quay? || air pasang", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Southampton turn into a spa town?", "id": "56f86358aef2371900626037", "answers": [{"text": "1740", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Despite not having a good beach, what decade saw  Southampton become popular for sea bathing?", "id": "56f86358aef2371900626038", "answers": [{"text": "1760s", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where in Southampton were special baths filled by seawater constructed?", "id": "56f86358aef2371900626039", "answers": [{"text": "West Quay", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What change in flow of the sea controlled the innovative baths at West Quay?", "id": "56f86358aef237190062603a", "answers": [{"text": "the tide", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton became a spa town in 1740. It had also become a popular site for sea bathing by the 1760s, despite the lack of a good quality beach. Innovative buildings specifically for this purpose were built at West Quay, with baths that were filled and emptied by the flow of the tide."}], ["Pekan ini mengalami perkembangan besar semasa zaman Victoria. Syarikat Docks Southampton telah dibentuk pada tahun 1835. Pada bulan Oktober 1838 batu asas dok telah diletakkan dan dok pertama dibuka pada tahun 1842. Perkembangan struktur dan ekonomi dok terus beberapa dekade mendatang. Pautan keretapi ke London telah dibuka sepenuhnya pada bulan Mei 1840. Southampton kemudiannya dikenali sebagai The Gateway ke Empire. <> Dalam apa tempoh sejarah apakah Southampton berkembang sangat? || Era Victoria <> Tahun berapa syarikat Southampton Docks dibuat? || 1835 <> Pada bulan 1838 apa batu dibentangkan untuk asas pondok Southampton? || Oktober <> Tahun berapa kereta api ke London dari Southampton dibuka sepenuhnya? || 1840 <> Apa nama yang dilakukan oleh Southampton untuk kepentingannya dalam mewujudkan pautan ke London? || The Gateway to the Empire", {"qas": [{"question": "In what historical period did Southampton expand greatly?", "id": "56f865baaef237190062603f", "answers": [{"text": "Victorian era", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the Southampton Docks company created?", "id": "56f865baaef2371900626040", "answers": [{"text": "1835", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month of 1838 was stone laid for the foundation of the Southampton docks?", "id": "56f865baaef2371900626041", "answers": [{"text": "October", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the railroad to London from Southampton open fully?", "id": "56f865baaef2371900626042", "answers": [{"text": "1840", "answer_start": 348}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What name did Southampton earn for its importance in creating a link to London?", "id": "56f865baaef2371900626043", "answers": [{"text": "The Gateway to the Empire", "answer_start": 395}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The town experienced major expansion during the Victorian era. The Southampton Docks company had been formed in 1835. In October 1838 the foundation stone of the docks was laid and the first dock opened in 1842. The structural and economic development of docks continued for the next few decades. The railway link to London was fully opened in May 1840. Southampton subsequently became known as The Gateway to the Empire."}], ["Semasa Zaman Pertengahan, pembinaan kapal menjadi industri penting untuk bandar ini. Kapal perang terkenal Henry V HMS Grace Dieu dibina di Southampton. Pembentukan abad ke-18 Walter Taylor mengenai proses pembuatan blok adalah langkah penting dalam Revolusi Perindustrian. Dari tahun 1904 hingga 2004, tapak pembinaan kapal Thornycroft merupakan majikan utama di Southampton, membina dan membaiki kapal yang digunakan dalam dua Perang Dunia. <> Apa perdagangan mahir adalah industri pusat untuk Southampton pada Abad Pertengahan? || pembinaan kapal <> Apa nama kapal perang terkenal yang dibina di Southampton untuk Henry V? || HMS Grace Dieu <> Apa nama lelaki yang merombak pembuatan blok untuk melakukan mekanisasi proses? || Walter Taylor <> Antara 1904 dan 2004, syarikat pembuatan kapal apa yang menggunakan sebahagian besar Southampton? || Thornycroft <> Dalam apa tempoh bersejarah yang dilakukan oleh Walter Taylor mengenai pembentukan blok memainkan peranan penting? || Revolusi Perindustrian", {"qas": [{"question": "What skilled trade was a central industry for Southampton in the Middle Ages?", "id": "56f85bc0a6d7ea1400e175b9", "answers": [{"text": "shipbuilding", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the name of the famed warship built in Southampton for Henry V?", "id": "56f85bc0a6d7ea1400e175ba", "answers": [{"text": "HMS Grace Dieu", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the man who overhauled block-making to mechanize the process?", "id": "56f85bc0a6d7ea1400e175bb", "answers": [{"text": "Walter Taylor", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Between 1904 and 2004, what shipbuilding company employed a large portion of Southampton?", "id": "56f85bc0a6d7ea1400e175bc", "answers": [{"text": "Thornycroft", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what historical period did Walter Taylor's improvements on block-making play an important role?", "id": "56f85bc0a6d7ea1400e175bd", "answers": [{"text": "Industrial Revolution", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the Middle Ages, shipbuilding became an important industry for the town. Henry V's famous warship HMS Grace Dieu was built in Southampton. Walter Taylor's 18th century mechanisation of the block-making process was a significant step in the Industrial Revolution. From 1904 to 2004, the Thornycroft shipbuilding yard was a major employer in Southampton, building and repairing ships used in the two World Wars."}], ["Southampton telah digunakan untuk memulakan tentera, termasuk semasa peperangan abad ke-18 dengan Perancis, perang Crimea, dan Perang Boer. Southampton telah ditunjuk sebagai No 1 Tentera Darat Memandangkan semasa Perang Besar dan menjadi pusat utama untuk merawat kembali cedera dan POW. Ia juga menjadi pusat kepada persiapan untuk Penjajahan Eropah pada tahun 1944. <> Apa penggunaan tentera Southampton selama perang pada abad ke-18? || Pelancaran <> Sebagai tambahan kepada peperangan dengan Perang Perancis dan Perang Boer, di mana perang yang ketara pada abad ke-18 membuat Southampton memainkan peranan? || perang Crimea <> Perang apa yang memenangi Southampton gelaran No. 1 Pelabuhan Tentera Darat? || Perang Besar <> Apa kumpulan orang selain tentera yang terluka dari Perang Besar sering dibawa ke Southampton untuk rawatan? || POWs <> Pada tahun apakah Southampton memimpin persediaan untuk Penjajahan Eropah? || 1944", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the military use Southampton for during wars in the 18th century?", "id": "56f86064aef237190062602d", "answers": [{"text": "embarkation", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to wars with the French and the Boer War, in which notable war in the 18th century did Southampton play a role?", "id": "56f86064aef237190062602e", "answers": [{"text": "the Crimean war", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What war won Southampton the title of No. 1 Military Embarkation port?", "id": "56f86064aef237190062602f", "answers": [{"text": "the Great War", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group of people in addition to wounded soldiers from the Great War often were brought to Southampton for treatment?", "id": "56f86064aef2371900626030", "answers": [{"text": "POWs", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Southampton lead preparations for the Invasion of Europe?", "id": "56f86064aef2371900626031", "answers": [{"text": "1944", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton has been used for military embarkation, including during 18th-century wars with the French, the Crimean war, and the Boer War. Southampton was designated No. 1 Military Embarkation port during the Great War and became a major centre for treating the returning wounded and POWs. It was also central to the preparations for the Invasion of Europe in 1944."}], ["Sebelum peninggalan Raja Henry untuk Pertempuran Agincourt pada tahun 1415, para pemimpin kumpulan \"Southampton Plot\" -Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Henry Scrope, Scorpe Baron 3 Masham, dan Sir Thomas Grey dari Heton-telah dituduh sebagai pengkhianatan yang tinggi dan cuba pada apa yang sekarang menjadi rumah awam Orang Merah di High Street. Mereka didapati bersalah dan dibunuh di luar Bargate. <> Peperangan apa yang Raja Henry meninggalkan pada tahun 1415? || Pertempuran Agincourt <> Kumpulan apa yang lelaki dituduh melakukan pengkhianatan tinggi, termasuk Henry Scrope dan Sir Thomas Grey, memimpin? || Southampton Plot <> Apakah rumah awam di mana orang-orang dari Southampton Plot cuba dipanggil sekarang? || Singa Merah <> Apakah nama pertama Earl of Cambridge? || Richard <> Di luar struktur apa yang telah dilaksanakan oleh pemimpin-pemimpin Plot Southampton? || Bargate", {"qas": [{"question": "What battle did King Henry leave for in 1415?", "id": "56f85e22aef2371900626023", "answers": [{"text": "Battle of Agincourt", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group did the men accused of high treason, including Henry Scrope and Sir Thomas Grey, lead?", "id": "56f85e22aef2371900626024", "answers": [{"text": "Southampton Plot", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the public house where the men from Southampton Plot were tried called now?", "id": "56f85e22aef2371900626025", "answers": [{"text": "Red Lion", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Earl of Cambridge's first name?", "id": "56f85e22aef2371900626026", "answers": [{"text": "Richard", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Outside of what structure did the execution of the Southampton Plot leaders take place?", "id": "56f85e22aef2371900626027", "answers": [{"text": "the Bargate", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Prior to King Henry's departure for the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the ringleaders of the \"Southampton Plot\"\u2014Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham, and Sir Thomas Grey of Heton\u2014were accused of high treason and tried at what is now the Red Lion public house in the High Street. They were found guilty and summarily executed outside the Bargate."}], ["Di tempat lain, sisa-sisa sistem bekalan air zaman pertengahan yang dibuat oleh para pendatang masih dapat dilihat hari ini. Dibina pada tahun 1290, sistem ini membawa air dari Ketua Conduit (sisa-sisa yang masih hidup berhampiran Hill Lane, Shirley) kira-kira 1.7 kilometer ke tapak feri di dinding bandar. Penduduknya menggunakan air ke bandar pada tahun 1310 dan diserahkan kepada pemilikan sistem bekalan air itu sendiri pada tahun 1420. Selebihnya masih boleh diperhatikan di Conduit House on Commercial Road. <> Pada tahun apakah sistem pembekalan air yang dibina di Southampton? || 1290 <> Di manakah air yang dibawa oleh sistem bekalan keluarga? || Ketua Conduit <> Tahun berapakah ibu bapa mula membiarkan seluruh Southampton menggunakan air dari sistem mereka? || 1310 <> Bilakah pemilikan sistem bekalan air abad pertengahan yang diberikan kepada bandar Southampton? || 1420 <> Apa gunanya mercu tanda di Jalan Perdagangan di mana tinggalan sistem air masjid dapat dilihat? || Conduit House", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was the friars' water supply system built in Southampton?", "id": "56f8574aa6d7ea1400e175a5", "answers": [{"text": "1290", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the water brought from by the friars' supply system?", "id": "56f8574aa6d7ea1400e175a6", "answers": [{"text": "Conduit Head", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the friars start letting the rest of Southampton use the water from their system?", "id": "56f8574aa6d7ea1400e175a7", "answers": [{"text": "1310", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was ownership of the medieval water supply system given to the town of Southampton?", "id": "56f8574aa6d7ea1400e175a8", "answers": [{"text": "1420", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the name of the landmark on Commercial Road where remains of the friars' water system can be seen?", "id": "56f8574aa6d7ea1400e175a9", "answers": [{"text": "Conduit House", "answer_start": 446}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Elsewhere, remnants of the medieval water supply system devised by the friars can still be seen today. Constructed in 1290, the system carried water from Conduit Head (remnants of which survive near Hill Lane, Shirley) some 1.7 kilometres to the site of the friary inside the town walls. The friars granted use of the water to the town in 1310 and passed on ownership of the water supply system itself in 1420. Further remains can be observed at Conduit House on Commercial Road."}], ["Pelabuhan itu adalah titik pelepasan bagi Bapa-bapa Pilgrim di Mayflower pada tahun 1620. Pada tahun 1912, RMS Titanic belayar dari Southampton. Empat daripada lima kru yang berada di kapal itu adalah orang Sotonian, dengan kira-kira sepertiga daripada mereka yang mati dalam tragedi yang berasal dari bandar. Southampton kemudian menjadi pelabuhan utama bagi perkhidmatan penumpang transatlantik yang dikendalikan oleh Cunard dengan pelayar Blue Riband mereka RMS Queen Mary dan pasangannya RMS Queen Elizabeth. Pada tahun 1938, stesen Southampton juga menjadi rumah kepada kapal terbang Imperial Airways. Terminal Container Southampton dibuka pertama kali pada tahun 1968 dan terus berkembang. <> Apa kapal yang terkenal meninggalkan pelabuhan Southampton yang membawa bapa-bapa Pilgrim? || Mayflower <> Tahun berapakah Mayflower berlayar dari Southampton? || 1620 <> Berapa ramai anggota kru dari setiap lima pada Titanic RMS adalah orang Sotonian? || Empat <> Apa syarikat yang dikendalikan kapal penumpang merentasi Atlantik, termasuk RMS Queen Elizabeth? || Cunard <> Pada tahun apakah Southampton Container Terminal dibuka? || 1968", {"qas": [{"question": "What famous ship left Southampton's port carrying the Pilgrim Fathers?", "id": "56f868b4a6d7ea1400e175e1", "answers": [{"text": "Mayflower", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the Mayflower set sail from Southampton?", "id": "56f868b4a6d7ea1400e175e2", "answers": [{"text": "1620", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many crew members out of every five on the RMS Titanic were Sotonians?", "id": "56f868b4a6d7ea1400e175e3", "answers": [{"text": "Four", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company operated passenger ships across the Atlantic, including the RMS Queen Elizabeth?", "id": "56f868b4a6d7ea1400e175e4", "answers": [{"text": "Cunard", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Southampton Container Terminals open?", "id": "56f868b4a6d7ea1400e175e5", "answers": [{"text": "1968", "answer_start": 598}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The port was the point of departure for the Pilgrim Fathers aboard Mayflower in 1620. In 1912, the RMS Titanic sailed from Southampton. Four in five of the crew on board the vessel were Sotonians, with about a third of those who perished in the tragedy hailing from the city. Southampton was subsequently the home port for the transatlantic passenger services operated by Cunard with their Blue Riband liner RMS Queen Mary and her running mate RMS Queen Elizabeth. In 1938, Southampton docks also became home to the flying boats of Imperial Airways. Southampton Container Terminals first opened in 1968 and has continued to expand."}], ["Dalam buku 1854 nya \"The Cruise of the Steam Yacht North Star\" John Choules menyifatkan Southampton: \"Saya tidak tahu sebuah bandar yang boleh menunjukkan Jalan Main yang lebih cantik daripada Southampton, kecuali Oxford. High Street dibuka dari dermaga, dan di bawah pelbagai nama, ia berliku-liku dengan garis lebar menyapu satu setengah batu, dan lebarnya sangat kacak. Berbagai gaya dan warna bahan di dalam bangunan memberikan pameran garis besar, cahaya dan warna, yang saya fikir kedai yang sangat elegan, dan jalan-jalan tetap sangat bersih. \" <> Siapa yang menulis \"Cruise the Steam Yacht North Star\"? || John Choules <> Apa bandar yang dikatakan Choules mempunyai satu-satunya Jalan Utama yang lebih cantik daripada Southampton? || Oxford <> Berapa lama High Street Southampton seperti yang diterangkan oleh Choules? || satu batu setengah <> Apa kata sifat yang digunakan Choules untuk menerangkan kedai-kedai di High Street Southampton? || elegan <> Choules memuji jalan-jalan di Southampton kerana disimpan dalam keadaan apa? || bersih", {"qas": [{"question": "Who wrote \"The Cruise of the Steam Yacht North Star\"?", "id": "56f86721aef2371900626049", "answers": [{"text": "John Choules", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What town did Choules say had the only Main Street more beautiful than Southampton's?", "id": "56f86721aef237190062604a", "answers": [{"text": "Oxford", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long was Southampton's High Street as described by Choules?", "id": "56f86721aef237190062604b", "answers": [{"text": "one mile and a half", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What adjective did Choules use to describe the shops of Southampton's High Street?", "id": "56f86721aef237190062604c", "answers": [{"text": "elegant", "answer_start": 520}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Choules complimented the streets of Southampton for being kept in what condition?", "id": "56f86721aef237190062604d", "answers": [{"text": "clean", "answer_start": 566}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In his 1854 book \"The Cruise of the Steam Yacht North Star\" John Choules described Southampton thus: \"I hardly know a town that can show a more beautiful Main Street than Southampton, except it be Oxford. The High Street opens from the quay, and under various names it winds in a gently sweeping line for one mile and a half, and is of very handsome width. The variety of style and color of material in the buildings affords an exhibition of outline, light and color, that I think is seldom equalled. The shops are very elegant, and the streets are kept exceedingly clean.\""}], ["Sebaliknya, banyak bangunan zaman pertengahan pernah terletak di dalam tembok bandar kini runtuh atau hilang sama sekali. Dari penjelmaan berturut-turut motte dan bailey castle, hanya seksyen dinding bailey kekal hari ini, berbaring di luar Castle Way. Sisa terakhir feri Franciscan di Southampton, diasaskan sekitar 1233 dan dibubarkan pada 1538, telah dihanyutkan pada tahun 1940-an. Laman ini kini ditempati oleh Friary House. <> Satu-satunya bahagian yang tersisa dari istana motte dan bailey boleh dilihat berhampiran dengan jalan Southampton yang moden? || Istana Way <> Berapa tahun friary Franciscan ditubuhkan di Southampton? || 1233 <> Berapa tahun friary Franciscan di Southampton ditutup? || 1538 <> Dalam apa dekad apakah sisa-sisa klinik Southampton dimusnahkan? || 1940-an <> Apa gunanya sekarang terletak di tapak french Franciscan di Southampton? || Rumah Friary", {"qas": [{"question": "The only remaining piece of the motte and bailey castle can be seen near what modern Southampton street?", "id": "56f84154aef2371900625f5d", "answers": [{"text": "Castle Way", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About what year was the Franciscan friary established in Southampton?", "id": "56f84154aef2371900625f5e", "answers": [{"text": "1233", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Southampton's Franciscan friary shut down?", "id": "56f84154aef2371900625f5f", "answers": [{"text": "1538", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what decade were the leftovers of the Southampton friary destroyed?", "id": "56f84154aef2371900625f60", "answers": [{"text": "1940s", "answer_start": 395}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What landmark now sits on the site of the Franciscan friary in Southampton?", "id": "56f84154aef2371900625f61", "answers": [{"text": "Friary House", "answer_start": 430}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On the other hand, many of the medieval buildings once situated within the town walls are now in ruins or have disappeared altogether. From successive incarnations of the motte and bailey castle, only a section of the bailey wall remains today, lying just off Castle Way. The last remains of the Franciscan friary in Southampton, founded circa 1233 and dissolved in 1538, were swept away in the 1940s. The site is now occupied by Friary House."}], ["630 orang kehilangan nyawa akibat serangan udara di Southampton dan hampir 2,000 lagi cedera, belum lagi beribu-ribu bangunan yang rosak atau musnah. <> Berapa banyak orang mati kerana bom yang digugurkan di Southampton? || 630 <> Selain kecederaan, berapa orang yang cedera akibat serangan udara di Southampton? || 2.000 Adakah beratus-ratus atau ribuan bangunan di Southampton yang mengalami kerosakan akibat serangan udara? || beribu-ribu", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people died because of the bombs dropped on Southampton?", "id": "56f86baca6d7ea1400e175ff", "answers": [{"text": "630", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to casualties, about how many people were wounded by air raids on Southampton?", "id": "56f86baca6d7ea1400e17600", "answers": [{"text": "2,000", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Was it hundreds or thousands of buildings in Southampton that sustained damage from air raids?", "id": "56f86baca6d7ea1400e17601", "answers": [{"text": "thousands", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "630 people lost their lives as a result of the air raids on Southampton and nearly 2,000 more were injured, not to mention the thousands of buildings damaged or destroyed."}], ["Majlis Bandaraya Southampton terdiri daripada 48 ahli majlis, 3 untuk setiap 16 wad. Pilihanraya Majlis diadakan pada awal Mei untuk satu pertiga daripada kerusi (satu ahli majlis untuk setiap wad), yang dipilih untuk tempoh empat tahun, jadi terdapat pilihan raya tiga tahun dari empat. Sejak pilihan raya majlis 2015, komposisi dewan adalah: <> Berapa banyak penyokong duduk di Majlis Bandaraya Southampton? || 48 <> Bagaimana ahli bangsawan ada di Southampton? || 16 <> Berapa banyak ahli majlis yang ditugaskan ke setiap wad di Southampton? || 3 <> Pada bulan apakah diadakan pemilihan majlis? || Mei <> Dalam berapa tahun setiap empat adalah pilihan raya majlis yang diadakan di Southampton? || tiga", {"qas": [{"question": "How many concillors sit on Southampton's City Council?", "id": "56f8781aa6d7ea1400e1769f", "answers": [{"text": "48", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How man wards are there in Southampton?", "id": "56f8781aa6d7ea1400e176a0", "answers": [{"text": "16", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many councillors are assigned to each ward in Southampton?", "id": "56f8781aa6d7ea1400e176a1", "answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month are council elections held?", "id": "56f8781aa6d7ea1400e176a2", "answers": [{"text": "May", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In how many years of every four is a council election held in Southampton?", "id": "56f8781aa6d7ea1400e176a3", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton City Council consists of 48 councillors, 3 for each of the 16 wards. Council elections are held in early May for one third of the seats (one councillor for each ward), elected for a four-year term, so there are elections three years out of four. Since the 2015 council elections, the composition of the council is:"}], ["Piagam Diraja pada tahun 1952 dinaik taraf College College di Highfield ke University of Southampton. Southampton memperoleh status bandar, menjadi Bandar Southampton pada tahun 1964. <Dokumen apa yang mengisytiharkan kenaikan pangkat Universiti College di Highfield? || Piagam Diraja <> Apakah nama baru College College di Highfield? || University of Southampton <> Bilakah Southampton secara rasminya menjadi sebuah bandar? || 1964 <> Pada tahun berapakah Piagam Diraja memberikan nama University of Southampton? || 1952", {"qas": [{"question": "What document declared the upgrade of University College at Highfield?", "id": "56f86ea1a6d7ea1400e17617", "answers": [{"text": "Royal Charter", "answer_start": 2}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the new name of University College at Highfield?", "id": "56f86ea1a6d7ea1400e17618", "answers": [{"text": "University of Southampton", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Southampton officially become a city?", "id": "56f86ea1a6d7ea1400e17619", "answers": [{"text": "1964", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Royal Charter give the University of Southampton its name?", "id": "56f86ea1a6d7ea1400e1761a", "answers": [{"text": "1952", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A Royal Charter in 1952 upgraded University College at Highfield to the University of Southampton. Southampton acquired city status, becoming the City of Southampton in 1964."}], ["Terdapat tiga anggota parlimen untuk bandar: Royston Smith (Konservatif) untuk Southampton Itchen, kawasan yang meliputi timur bandar; Dr. Alan Whitehead (Buruh) untuk Ujian Southampton, yang meliputi barat bandar; dan Caroline Nokes (Konservatif) untuk Romsey dan Southampton Utara, yang termasuk bahagian utara bandar. <> Berapa ramai wakil yang ada di Southampton di parlimen? || tiga <> Apakah kawasan Royston Smith? || Southampton Itchen <> Siapa ahli Parlimen Ujian Southampton? || Dr. Alan Whitehead <> Kepada parti apa yang dimiliki oleh Caroline Nokes? || Konservatif <> Kawasan manakah Southampton yang mewakili Dr. Alan Whitehead? || barat", {"qas": [{"question": "How many representatives does Southampton have in parliament?", "id": "56f87cd7a6d7ea1400e176d5", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Royston Smith's constituency?", "id": "56f87cd7a6d7ea1400e176d6", "answers": [{"text": "Southampton Itchen", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is Southampton Test's member of parliament?", "id": "56f87cd7a6d7ea1400e176d7", "answers": [{"text": "Dr. Alan Whitehead", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what political party does Caroline Nokes belong?", "id": "56f87cd7a6d7ea1400e176d8", "answers": [{"text": "Conservative", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which directional area of Southampton does Dr. Alan Whitehead represent?", "id": "56f87cd7a6d7ea1400e176d9", "answers": [{"text": "west", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are three members of parliament for the city: Royston Smith (Conservative) for Southampton Itchen, the constituency covering the east of the city; Dr. Alan Whitehead (Labour) for Southampton Test, which covers the west of the city; and Caroline Nokes (Conservative) for Romsey and Southampton North, which includes a northern portion of the city."}], ["Bandar ini telah mengalami banyak perubahan pada pemerintahannya selama berabad-abad dan sekali lagi menjadi bebas secara administratif dari Hampshire County kerana ia telah dibuat menjadi kuasa kesatuan dalam penyusunan semula kerajaan tempatan pada 1 April 1997, hasil dari Akta Kerajaan Tempatan 1992. Daerah ini tetap menjadi sebahagian daripada daerah ceremonial Hampshire. <> Apa daerah yang menjadikan bandar Southampton menjadi bebas secara administratif pada bulan April 1997? || Hampshire County <> Apakah penamaan rasmi yang diterima oleh Southampton dalam penyusunan semula kerajaan daerah April 1997? || kuasa tunggal <> Tindakan apa yang bertanggungjawab untuk penyusunan semula kerajaan tempatan pada 1 April 1997? || 1992 Akta Kerajaan Tempatan <> Apa daerah ceremonial yang Southampton masih milik? || Hampshire", {"qas": [{"question": "What county did the city of Southampton become administratively independent of in April of 1997?", "id": "56f87773a6d7ea1400e17697", "answers": [{"text": "Hampshire County", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What official designation did Southampton receive in the April 1997 local government reorganization?", "id": "56f87773a6d7ea1400e17698", "answers": [{"text": "unitary authority", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What act was responsible for the reorganization of local government on April 1, 1997?", "id": "56f87773a6d7ea1400e17699", "answers": [{"text": "1992 Local Government Act", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ceremonial county does Southampton still belong to?", "id": "56f87773a6d7ea1400e1769a", "answers": [{"text": "Hampshire", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city has undergone many changes to its governance over the centuries and once again became administratively independent from Hampshire County as it was made into a unitary authority in a local government reorganisation on 1 April 1997, a result of the 1992 Local Government Act. The district remains part of the Hampshire ceremonial county."}], ["Poket seni bina Georgia selamat perang, tetapi banyak bandar telah diratakan. Terdapat banyak pembangunan semula sejak Perang Dunia II. Meningkatkan kesesakan lalu lintas pada tahun 1920-an menyebabkan perobohan sebahagian dinding zaman pertengahan di sekitar Bargate pada tahun 1932 dan 1938. Walau bagaimanapun sebahagian besar dinding tersebut kekal. <> Gaya senibina yang sebahagiannya terselamat perang? || Georgia <> Southampton telah dibangunkan hampir sepenuhnya pada tahun-tahun sejak perang itu? || Perang Dunia II <> Di mana dekad itu terdapat banyak lalu lintas di Southampton? || 1920-an <> Beberapa dinding di mana mercu tanda telah dirobohkan pada tahun 1930-an? || Bargate", {"qas": [{"question": "What style of architecture partially survived the war?", "id": "56f86db0a6d7ea1400e1760f", "answers": [{"text": "Georgian", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Southampton has been redeveloped almost entirely in the years since which war?", "id": "56f86db0a6d7ea1400e17610", "answers": [{"text": "World War II", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which decade did there start to be a lot of traffic in Southampton?", "id": "56f86db0a6d7ea1400e17611", "answers": [{"text": "1920s", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some of the walls around which landmark were demolished in the 1930s?", "id": "56f86db0a6d7ea1400e17612", "answers": [{"text": "the Bargate", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Pockets of Georgian architecture survived the war, but much of the city was levelled. There has been extensive redevelopment since World War II. Increasing traffic congestion in the 1920s led to partial demolition of medieval walls around the Bargate in 1932 and 1938. However a large portion of those walls remain."}], ["Selepas penubuhan Majlis Hampshire County, berikutan perbuatan itu pada tahun 1888, Southampton menjadi wilayah daerah dalam wilayah Hampshire, yang bermaksud ia mempunyai banyak ciri di sebuah daerah, tetapi tadbir urus kini dikongsi antara Perbadanan di Southampton dan daerah baru majlis. Terdapat sumber kekeliruan yang besar dalam fakta bahawa daerah shire kuno, bersama dengan assesori yang berkaitan, dikenali sebagai County Southampton atau Southamptonshire. Ini secara rasmi diubah menjadi Hampshire pada tahun 1959 walaupun daerah itu telah dikenali sebagai Hampshire atau Hantscire selama berabad-abad. Southampton menjadi daerah bukan metropolitan pada tahun 1974. <> Pada tahun apakah suatu perbuatan menubuhkan Majlis Hampshire County? || 1888 <> Apakah organisasi yang menguruskan tadbir urus bahagian daerah baru dengan Southampton? || Perbadanan di Southampton <> Tahun berapa adalah daerah Hampshire secara rasmi dinamakan? || 1959 <> Walaupun sebelum ini rasmi, Hampshire sering dipanggil Hampshire atau variasi kuno nama itu? || Hantscire <> Apakah penamaan Southampton yang diberikan pada tahun 1974? || daerah bukan metropolitan", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did an act establish the Hampshire County Council?", "id": "56f86ffba6d7ea1400e17633", "answers": [{"text": "1888", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization did the new county council share governance of Southampton with?", "id": "56f86ffba6d7ea1400e17634", "answers": [{"text": "the Corporation in Southampton", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the county of Hampshire officially named?", "id": "56f86ffba6d7ea1400e17635", "answers": [{"text": "1959", "answer_start": 515}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Even before it was official, Hampshire was often called Hampshire or what ancient variation of the name?", "id": "56f86ffba6d7ea1400e17636", "answers": [{"text": "Hantscire", "answer_start": 580}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What designation was Southampton given in 1974?", "id": "56f86ffba6d7ea1400e17637", "answers": [{"text": "non-metropolitan district", "answer_start": 626}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After the establishment of Hampshire County Council, following the act in 1888, Southampton became a county borough within the county of Hampshire, which meant that it had many features of a county, but governance was now shared between the Corporation in Southampton and the new county council. There is a great source of confusion in the fact that the ancient shire county, along with its associated assizes, was known as the County of Southampton or Southamptonshire. This was officially changed to Hampshire in 1959 although the county had been commonly known as Hampshire or Hantscire for centuries. Southampton became a non-metropolitan district in 1974."}], ["Status kota itu telah diubah oleh charter Charles I dengan segera perpisahan formal dari Portsmouth dan pengiktirafan Southampton sebagai daerah, Dalam piagam bertarikh 27 Jun 1640 gelaran rasmi bandar menjadi 'The Town and County dari Town of Southampton '. Pengawas dan Royal Grants ini, yang mana terdapat banyak, juga menetapkan tadbir urus dan peraturan bandar dan pelabuhan yang kekal sebagai 'perlembagaan' bandar sehingga organisasi kerajaan tempatan zaman Victoria yang kemudiannya dari tahun 1888 melihat keadaan up Majlis Daerah di seluruh England dan Wales dan termasuk Majlis Hampshire County yang kini mengambil beberapa fungsi Kerajaan di Southampton Town. Dalam rejim ini, The Town and County of the Town of Southampton juga menjadi wilayah yang bertanggungjawab bersama untuk aspek-aspek kerajaan tempatan. Pada 24 Februari 1964 status berubah lagi oleh Piagam Elizabeth II, mewujudkan City dan County of City of Southampton. <> Apa piagam raja yang mengiktiraf Southampton sebagai daerah sendiri? || Charles I <> Pada tahun berapa Southampton menerima piagam yang menamakannya 'The Town and County of the Town of Southampton'? || 1640 <> Apa era dalam sejarah melihat kerajaan tempatan mula menubuhkan Majlis Daerah di kawasan itu? || Tempoh Victoria <> Selepas 1888, yang Majlis mengambil alih beberapa tadbir urus Town Southampton? || Majlis Hampshire County <> Apakah tahun bahawa piagam Ratu Elizabeth II mencipta Bandar dan County di City of Southampton? || 1964", {"qas": [{"question": "What king's charter recognized Southampton as its own county?", "id": "56f8767fa6d7ea1400e1767f", "answers": [{"text": "Charles I", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Southampton receive the charter naming it 'The Town and County of the Town of Southampton'?", "id": "56f8767fa6d7ea1400e17680", "answers": [{"text": "1640", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What era in history saw local government begin setting up County Councils in the area?", "id": "56f8767fa6d7ea1400e17681", "answers": [{"text": "Victorian period", "answer_start": 506}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After 1888, which Council took over some governance of Southampton Town?", "id": "56f8767fa6d7ea1400e17682", "answers": [{"text": "Hampshire County Council", "answer_start": 622}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the year that Queen Elizabeth II's charter created the City and County of the City of Southampton?", "id": "56f8767fa6d7ea1400e17683", "answers": [{"text": "1964", "answer_start": 886}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The status of the town was changed by a later charter of Charles I by at once the formal separation from Portsmouth and the recognition of Southampton as a county, In the charter dated 27 June 1640 the formal title of the town became 'The Town and County of the Town of Southampton'. These charters and Royal Grants, of which there were many, also set out the governance and regulation of the town and port which remained the 'constitution' of the town until the local government organisation of the later Victorian period which from about 1888 saw the setting up of County Councils across England and Wales and including Hampshire County Council who now took on some of the function of Government in Southampton Town. In this regime, The Town and County of the Town of Southampton also became a county borough with shared responsibility for aspects of local government. On 24 February 1964 the status changed again by a Charter of Elizabeth II, creating the City and County of the City of Southampton."}], ["The Supermarine Spitfire direka dan dibangunkan di Southampton, yang berkembang dari kapal pemenang piala Schneider yang memenangi piala 1920-an dan 1930-an. Perancangnya, R J Mitchell, tinggal di kawasan Portswood di Southampton, dan rumahnya kini ditandai dengan plak biru. Pengeboman berat kilang pada September 1940 memusnahkannya serta rumah-rumah di sekitarnya, membunuh orang awam dan pekerja. Perang Dunia II melanda Southampton amat sukar kerana kepentingan strategiknya sebagai pelabuhan komersial dan kawasan perindustrian. Sebelum Penjajahan Eropah, komponen untuk pelabuhan Mulberry dibina di sini. Selepas D-Day, dok Southampton mengendalikan kargo ketenteraan untuk membantu mengekalkan pasukan Sekutu yang dibekalkan, menjadikannya sasaran utama pengeboman pengeboman Luftwaffe sehingga lewat 1944. Dok Southampton dipaparkan dalam pameran televisyen 24: Hidup Hari Lain pada Hari 9: 9: 00 petang - 10:00 p.m. <> Siapa yang merancang Supermarine Spitfire? || R J Mitchell <> Kawasan Southampton apa yang berasal dari Mitchell? || Portswood <> Apa warna plak yang menandakan rumah pereka Spitfire itu? || biru <> Dalam bulan apa tahun 1940 apakah bom memusnahkan kilang yang membuat kapal laut Mitchell? || September <> Angkatan mana yang membekalkan bekalan Southampton selepas D-Day yang menjadikannya sasaran untuk banyak serangan udara Luftwaffe? || Pasukan bersekutu", {"qas": [{"question": "Who designed the Supermarine Spitfire?", "id": "56f86abca6d7ea1400e175eb", "answers": [{"text": "R J Mitchell", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What area of Southampton did Mitchell hail from?", "id": "56f86abca6d7ea1400e175ec", "answers": [{"text": "Portswood", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What color is the plaque that marks the Spitfire designer's house?", "id": "56f86abca6d7ea1400e175ed", "answers": [{"text": "blue", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month of 1940 did bombs destroy the factory that made Mitchell's seaplanes?", "id": "56f86abca6d7ea1400e175ee", "answers": [{"text": "September", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which forces did Southampton supply after D-Day that made it a target for many Luftwaffe air raids?", "id": "56f86abca6d7ea1400e175ef", "answers": [{"text": "Allied forces", "answer_start": 678}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Supermarine Spitfire was designed and developed in Southampton, evolving from the Schneider trophy-winning seaplanes of the 1920s and 1930s. Its designer, R J Mitchell, lived in the Portswood area of Southampton, and his house is today marked with a blue plaque. Heavy bombing of the factory in September 1940 destroyed it as well as homes in the vicinity, killing civilians and workers. World War II hit Southampton particularly hard because of its strategic importance as a major commercial port and industrial area. Prior to the Invasion of Europe, components for a Mulberry harbour were built here. After D-Day, Southampton docks handled military cargo to help keep the Allied forces supplied, making it a key target of Luftwaffe bombing raids until late 1944. Southampton docks was featured in the television show 24: Live Another Day in Day 9: 9:00 p.m. \u2013 10:00 p.m."}], ["Southampton sebagai Pelabuhan dan bandar telah mempunyai sejarah kemerdekaan pentadbiran yang panjang di County sekitarnya; sejauh mana pemerintahan Raja John bandar itu dan pelabuhannya dikeluarkan dari writ dari Sheriff Raja di Hampshire dan hak-hak adat dan tol diberikan oleh Raja ke burgesses Southampton atas pelabuhan Southampton dan Pelabuhan daripada Portsmouth; ladang cukai ini telah diberikan untuk yuran tahunan sebanyak \u00a3 200 dalam piagam bertarikh di Orival pada 29 Jun 1199. Takrif pelabuhan Southampton nampaknya lebih luas daripada hari ini dan memeluk semua kawasan antara Lymington dan Langstone. Perbadanan itu mempunyai wakil penduduk di Newport, Lymington dan Portsmouth. Dengan piagam Henry VI, yang diberikan pada 9 Mac 1446/7 (25 + 26 Hen VI, m 32), Datuk Bandar, bailif dan burgesses bandar dan pelabuhan Southampton dan Portsmouth menjadi County yang menggabungkan dan berasingan dari Hampshire . <> Sejarah kemerdekaan di Southampton bermula pada masa pemerintahan raja mana? || Raja John <> Apakah bayaran tahunan yang dibayar oleh burgesses Southampton untuk hak-hak adat dan tol dibentangkan dalam piagam 1199? || \u00a3 200 <> Pada 1100-an, pelabuhan Southampton termasuk segala-galanya di antara Lymington dan kawasan apa? || Langstone <> Di bawah apa raja adalah piagam yang diberikan pada 1446/7 yang memisahkan Southampton dan Portsmouth dari Hampshire? || Henry VI <> Apa tarikh piagam mengenai ladang cukai Southampton yang ditandatangani di Orival? || 29 Jun 1199", {"qas": [{"question": "Southampton's history of administrative independence dates back to the reign of which king?", "id": "56f87420a6d7ea1400e17665", "answers": [{"text": "King John", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the annual fee paid by the burgesses of Southampton for the rights of custom and toll laid out in the charter of 1199?", "id": "56f87420a6d7ea1400e17666", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a3200", "answer_start": 429}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the 1100s, the port of Southampton included everything between Lymington and what area?", "id": "56f87420a6d7ea1400e17667", "answers": [{"text": "Langstone", "answer_start": 609}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Under what king was a charter granted in 1446/7 that separated Southampton and Portsmouth from Hampshire?", "id": "56f87420a6d7ea1400e17668", "answers": [{"text": "Henry VI", "answer_start": 719}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What date was the charter regarding Southampton's tax farm signed at Orival?", "id": "56f87420a6d7ea1400e17669", "answers": [{"text": "29 June 1199", "answer_start": 468}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton as a Port and city has had a long history of administrative independence of the surrounding County; as far back as the reign of King John the town and its port were removed from the writ of the King's Sheriff in Hampshire and the rights of custom and toll were granted by the King to the burgesses of Southampton over the port of Southampton and the Port of Portsmouth; this tax farm was granted for an annual fee of \u00a3200 in the charter dated at Orival on 29 June 1199. The definition of the port of Southampton was apparently broader than today and embraced all of the area between Lymington and Langstone. The corporation had resident representatives in Newport, Lymington and Portsmouth. By a charter of Henry VI, granted on 9 March 1446/7 (25+26 Hen. VI, m. 32), the mayor, bailiffs and burgesses of the towns and ports of Southampton and Portsmouth became a County incorporate and separate from Hampshire."}], ["Estet konsesi terletak di daerah Weston, Thornhill dan Townhill Park. Bandar ini menduduki ranking ke-96 yang paling banyak dilucutkan daripada semua 354 Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan di England. <> Berapa banyak Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan yang ada di England? || 354 <> Sebagai tambahan kepada daerah Thornhill dan Townhill Park, apa daerah lain mempunyai estet konsesi? || Weston <> Apa kedudukan Southampton dalam senarai yang paling kurang Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan di England? || Ke-96", {"qas": [{"question": "How many Local Authorities are there in England?", "id": "56f894579e9bad19000a0171", "answers": [{"text": "354", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to the Thornhill and Townhill Park districts, what other district has a council estate?", "id": "56f894579e9bad19000a0172", "answers": [{"text": "Weston", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's Southampton's ranking on the list of most deprived Local Authorities in England?", "id": "56f894579e9bad19000a0173", "answers": [{"text": "96th", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Council estates are in the Weston, Thornhill and Townhill Park districts. The city is ranked 96th most deprived out of all 354 Local Authorities in England."}], ["Majlis Bandaraya Southampton telah membangun hubungan kembar dengan Le Havre di Perancis (sejak tahun 1973), Rems-Murr-Kreis di Jerman (sejak 1991), Trieste di Itali (sejak tahun 2002); Hampton, Virginia di Amerika Syarikat, Qingdao di China (sejak tahun 1998), dan Busan di Korea Selatan (sejak tahun 1978). <> Apa bandar di Perancis yang Majlis Bandaraya Southampton mempunyai hubungan berkembar dengan? || Le Havre <> Bandar Itali mana yang membuat Majlis Bandaraya Southampton mewujudkan hubungan berkembar dengan pada tahun 2002? || Trieste <> Apa satu-satunya bandar di Amerika Syarikat dengan pautan berkembar ke Majlis Bandaraya Southampton? || Hampton, Virginia <> Berapa tahun hubungan Majlis Bandaraya Southampton dengan Busan, Korea Selatan? || 1978 <> Di negara apakah Majlis Bandaraya Southampton mempunyai hubungan berkembar dengan Rems-Murr-Kreis? || Jerman", {"qas": [{"question": "What city in France does Southampton City Council have a twinning link with?", "id": "56f880ddaef2371900626128", "answers": [{"text": "Le Havre", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Italian city did Southampton City Council establish a twinning link with in 2002?", "id": "56f880ddaef2371900626129", "answers": [{"text": "Trieste", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the only city in the USA with a twinning link to Southampton City Council?", "id": "56f880ddaef237190062612a", "answers": [{"text": "Hampton, Virginia", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Southampton City Council link with Busan, South Korea?", "id": "56f880ddaef237190062612b", "answers": [{"text": "1978", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what country does Southampton City Council have a twinning link with Rems-Murr-Kreis?", "id": "56f880ddaef237190062612c", "answers": [{"text": "Germany", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton City Council has developed twinning links with Le Havre in France (since 1973), Rems-Murr-Kreis in Germany (since 1991), Trieste in Italy (since 2002); Hampton, Virginia in USA, Qingdao in China (since 1998), and Busan in South Korea (since 1978)."}], ["Seperti yang lain di UK, Southampton mengalami iklim lautan (K\u00f6ppen Cfb). Letaknya di selatan, rendah dan terlindung memastikan ia berada di antara bandar-bandar yang lebih panas dan sunnier di UK. Ia telah memegang rekod untuk suhu tertinggi di UK untuk bulan Jun di 35.6 \u00b0 C (96.1 \u00b0 F) sejak 1976. <> Apakah jenis iklim yang ada di Southampton? || oceanic <> Untuk apa bulannya apakah Southampton memegang suhu rekod UK yang tinggi? || June <> Apakah suhu rekod yang tinggi untuk bulan Jun dalam darjah Celcius? || 35.6 <> Tahun apakah Southampton menetapkan suhu tinggi pada bulan Jun? || 1976 <> Apakah seting rekod 35.6 darjah Celsius dipindahkan ke darjah Fahrenheit? || 96.1", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of climate does Southampton have?", "id": "56f89bea9e9bad19000a01bd", "answers": [{"text": "oceanic", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what month does Southampton hold the UK's record high temperature?", "id": "56f89bea9e9bad19000a01be", "answers": [{"text": "June", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the record high temperature for June in degrees Celsius?", "id": "56f89bea9e9bad19000a01bf", "answers": [{"text": "35.6", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Southampton set the record high temperature for June?", "id": "56f89bea9e9bad19000a01c0", "answers": [{"text": "1976", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the record-setting 35.6 degrees Celsius convert to in degrees Fahrenheit? ", "id": "56f89bea9e9bad19000a01c1", "answers": [{"text": "96.1", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As with the rest of the UK, Southampton experiences an oceanic climate (K\u00f6ppen Cfb). Its southerly, low lying and sheltered location ensures it is among the warmer, sunnier cities in the UK. It has held the record for the highest temperature in the UK for June at 35.6 \u00b0C (96.1 \u00b0F) since 1976."}], ["Southampton dibahagikan kepada dewan majlis, pinggir bandar, kawasan pemilihan, gereja gereja, dan kawasan kurang formal yang lain. Ia mempunyai beberapa taman dan ruang hijau, yang terbesar ialah 148 hektar Southampton Common, sebahagiannya digunakan untuk menjadi tuan rumah festival musim panas, sarkas dan pameran yang menyeronokkan. The Common termasuk Pusat Hidupan Liar Hawthorns di laman bekas Zoo Southampton, kolam renang dan beberapa tasik dan kolam. <> Apa taman terbesar di Southampton? || Southampton Common <> Berapa banyak hektar adalah Southampton Common? || 148 <> Pusat satwa liar apa yang terletak di Southampton Common? || Hawthorns Wildlife Urban Centre <> Apa tarikan yang berkaitan adalah di laman sama sebelum Pusat Hidupan Liar Bandar? || Zoo Southampton", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the largest park in Southampton?", "id": "56f89372a6d7ea1400e17775", "answers": [{"text": "Southampton Common", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many hectares is Southampton Common?", "id": "56f89372a6d7ea1400e17776", "answers": [{"text": "148", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What wildlife center is located in Southampton Common?", "id": "56f89372a6d7ea1400e17777", "answers": [{"text": "Hawthorns Urban Wildlife Centre", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What related attraction was at the same site before the Urban Wildlife Centre?", "id": "56f89372a6d7ea1400e17778", "answers": [{"text": "Southampton Zoo", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton is divided into council wards, suburbs, constituencies, ecclesiastical parishes, and other less formal areas. It has a number of parks and green spaces, the largest being the 148 hectare Southampton Common, parts of which are used to host the annual summer festivals, circuses and fun fairs. The Common includes Hawthorns Urban Wildlife Centre on the former site of Southampton Zoo, a paddling pool and several lakes and ponds."}], ["Geografi Southampton dipengaruhi oleh laut dan sungai. Bandar ini terletak di hujung utara Southampton Water, muara air yang dalam, yang merupakan ria yang terbentuk pada akhir Zaman Ais terakhir. Di sini, sungai-sungai Test dan Itchen berkumpul. Ujian - yang mempunyai garam garam yang menjadikannya ideal untuk memancing ikan salmon - berjalan di sepanjang pinggir barat bandar, sementara Itchen memisahkan Southampton di dua timur dan barat. Pusat bandar terletak di antara kedua-dua sungai. <> Di mana tip Southampton Water terletak di Southampton? || utara <> Apa sungai menumpu dengan Ujian? || Itchen <> Sungai mana yang sangat baik untuk memancing ikan salmon? || Ujian <> Sungai mana yang membelah bandar Southampton ke bahagian timur dan bahagian barat? || Itchen <> Kawasan Southampton yang terletak di antara sungai Itchen dan Ujian? || Pusat bandar", {"qas": [{"question": "At which tip of Southampton Water is Southampton located?", "id": "56f881ecaef2371900626132", "answers": [{"text": "northern", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What river converges with the Test?", "id": "56f881ecaef2371900626133", "answers": [{"text": "Itchen", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which river is excellent for salmon fishing?", "id": "56f881ecaef2371900626134", "answers": [{"text": "Test", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which river splits the city of Southampton into an east section and a west section?", "id": "56f881ecaef2371900626135", "answers": [{"text": "Itchen", "answer_start": 365}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Southampton area is located between the Itchen and Test rivers?", "id": "56f881ecaef2371900626136", "answers": [{"text": "The city centre", "answer_start": 413}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The geography of Southampton is influenced by the sea and rivers. The city lies at the northern tip of the Southampton Water, a deep water estuary, which is a ria formed at the end of the last Ice Age. Here, the rivers Test and Itchen converge. The Test\u2014which has salt marsh that makes it ideal for salmon fishing\u2014runs along the western edge of the city, while the Itchen splits Southampton in two\u2014east and west. The city centre is located between the two rivers."}], ["Pusat Southampton terletak di atas akuifer air panas yang besar yang menyediakan kuasa geotermal ke beberapa bangunan di bandar. Tenaga ini diproses di kilang di rantau Quay Barat di pusat bandar Southampton, satu-satunya stesen janakuasa panas bumi di UK. Kilang ini menyediakan bekalan elektrik swasta untuk Pelabuhan Southampton dan air panas ke Skim Tenaga Daerah Southampton yang digunakan oleh banyak bangunan termasuk pusat membeli-belah WestQuay. Dalam kaji selidik 2006 mengenai pelepasan karbon di bandar utama UK yang dikendalikan oleh British Gas, Southampton berada di kedudukan sebagai salah satu bandar paling rendah karbon yang memancarkan di United Kingdom. <> Apakah sumber tenaga panas bumi duduk di bawah pusat Southampton? || akuifer air panas <> Di mana rantau Southampton adalah stesen janakuasa geoterma untuk akuifer? || West Quay <> Bahagian mana bandar menerima air panas dari kuasa panas bumi melalui kilang West Quay? || Skim Tenaga Daerah Southampton <> Apa syarikat utiliti menaja tinjauan karbon pelepasan pada tahun 2006? || British Gas <> Dalam kajian tahun 2006, Southampton telah dijumpai sebagai salah satu pemancar karbon paling rendah dari bandar-bandar utama di kawasan geografi yang besar? || United Kingdom", {"qas": [{"question": "What source of geothermal power sits below Southampton's center?", "id": "56f89de79e9bad19000a01d1", "answers": [{"text": "hot water aquifer", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what region of Southampton is the geothermal power station for the aquifer?", "id": "56f89de79e9bad19000a01d2", "answers": [{"text": "West Quay", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which section of the city receives hot water from geothermal power through the West Quay plant?", "id": "56f89de79e9bad19000a01d3", "answers": [{"text": "Southampton District Energy Scheme", "answer_start": 354}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What utility company sponsored a carbon emissions survey in 2006?", "id": "56f89de79e9bad19000a01d4", "answers": [{"text": "British Gas", "answer_start": 521}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the 2006 study, Southampton was discovered to be one of the lowest carbon emitters out of major cities in what large geographical area?", "id": "56f89de79e9bad19000a01d5", "answers": [{"text": "United Kingdom", "answer_start": 614}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The centre of Southampton is located above a large hot water aquifer that provides geothermal power to some of the city's buildings. This energy is processed at a plant in the West Quay region in Southampton city centre, the only geothermal power station in the UK. The plant provides private electricity for the Port of Southampton and hot water to the Southampton District Energy Scheme used by many buildings including the WestQuay shopping centre. In a 2006 survey of carbon emissions in major UK cities conducted by British Gas, Southampton was ranked as being one of the lowest carbon emitting cities in the United Kingdom."}], ["Air Southampton mempunyai manfaat pasang surut dua, dengan dua puncak pasang surut, menjadikan pergerakan kapal besar lebih mudah. Ini tidak disebabkan oleh yang dikatakan oleh kehadiran Isle of Wight, tetapi merupakan fungsi bentuk dan kedalaman Saluran Bahasa Inggeris. Di kawasan ini aliran air umum diputarbelitkan oleh lebih banyak keadaan tempatan yang menjangkau ke Perancis. <> Berapa banyak puncak air pasang yang diperoleh Southampton Water? || dua <> pulau apa yang difikirkan oleh ramai orang menyebabkan pasang surut dua kali di Southampton Water? || Isle of Wight <> Tubuh apa sebenarnya yang bertanggungjawab untuk pasang surut yang luar biasa? || Saluran Bahasa Inggeris <> Berapa saiz kapal boleh bergerak melalui Southampton Water lebih mudah kerana air pasang dua kali ganda? || Besar <> Selain daripada bentuknya, apakah harta benda saluran Inggeris mempengaruhi aliran air di Southampton Water? || kedalaman", {"qas": [{"question": "How many high tide peaks does Southampton Water get?", "id": "56f890f1a6d7ea1400e17761", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What island do many people think causes the double high tide in Southampton Water?", "id": "56f890f1a6d7ea1400e17762", "answers": [{"text": "Isle of Wight", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body of water is actually responsible for the unusual double high tide?", "id": "56f890f1a6d7ea1400e17763", "answers": [{"text": "English Channel", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What size ships can move through Southampton Water more easily because of the double high tide?", "id": "56f890f1a6d7ea1400e17764", "answers": [{"text": "large", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to its shape, what property of the English Channel affects water flow in Southampton Water?", "id": "56f890f1a6d7ea1400e17765", "answers": [{"text": "depth", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton Water has the benefit of a double high tide, with two high tide peaks, making the movement of large ships easier. This is not caused as popularly supposed by the presence of the Isle of Wight, but is a function of the shape and depth of the English Channel. In this area the general water flow is distorted by more local conditions reaching across to France."}], ["Town Quay adalah dermaga awam yang asal, dan tarikh dari abad ke-13. Docks Timur hari ini dicipta pada tahun 1830-an oleh penambakan tanah flat lumpur antara muara Itchen & Ujian. Western Docks bermula dari tahun 1930-an ketika Syarikat Keretapi Selatan menugaskan program penambakan dan pengerukan tanah utama. Kebanyakan bahan yang digunakan untuk penambakan datang dari pengorekan Air Southampton, untuk memastikan pelabuhan dapat terus mengendalikan kapal besar. <> Apa nama dermaga orang awam yang berada di Southampton sejak abad ke-13? || Town Quay <> Dalam apa dekad ada Docks Timur yang dapat dilihat hari ini? || 1830s <> Apa syarikat menugaskan program yang mencipta Docks Barat? || Syarikat Kereta Api Selatan <> Apakah jenis air yang dikorek untuk bahan yang digunakan untuk penambakan? || Air Southampton <> Dalam apa dekad apa syarikat Suruhanjaya Selatan mengetepikan program yang mencipta Western Docks? || 1930-an", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the name of the public quay that's been in Southampton since the 13th century?", "id": "56f88e4aaef237190062618a", "answers": [{"text": "Town Quay", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what decade were the Eastern Docks that can be seen today created?", "id": "56f88e4baef237190062618b", "answers": [{"text": "1830s", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company commissioned the program that created the Western Docks?", "id": "56f88e4baef237190062618c", "answers": [{"text": "Southern Railway Company", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body of water was dredged for the material used for reclamation?", "id": "56f88e4baef237190062618d", "answers": [{"text": "Southampton Water", "answer_start": 392}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what decade did the Southern Railway Company commission the program that created the Western Docks?", "id": "56f88e4baef237190062618e", "answers": [{"text": "1930s", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Town Quay is the original public quay, and dates from the 13th century. Today's Eastern Docks were created in the 1830s by land reclamation of the mud flats between the Itchen & Test estuaries. The Western Docks date from the 1930s when the Southern Railway Company commissioned a major land reclamation and dredging programme. Most of the material used for reclamation came from dredging of Southampton Water, to ensure that the port can continue to handle large ships."}], ["Bandar ini mempunyai Datuk Bandar dan merupakan salah satu dari 16 kota dan bandar di England dan Wales untuk memiliki sheriff upacara yang bertindak sebagai timbalan untuk Datuk Bandar. Datuk Bandar semasa dan 793 di Southampton ialah Linda Norris. Catherine McEwing adalah sherrif semasa dan 578. Pemimpin bandar dari tahun 2004 hingga kematiannya pada tahun 2014 adalah John Melody, yang bertindak sebagai tuan rumah upacara di kota itu dan yang menangis 104 decibel. <> Berapa banyak bandar atau bandar ada di seluruh England dan Wales dengan sheriff upacara yang bertindak sebagai timbalan Datuk Bandar? || 16 <> Siapa Datuk Bandar semasa di Southampton? || Linda Norris <> Apa nama sheriff 578 dari Southampton? || Catherine McEwing <> Bilakah John Melody, penghuni bandar Southampton, lenyap? || 2014 <> Berapa banyak desibel yang John Melody dapat mencapai dalam menangisnya? || 104", {"qas": [{"question": "How many cities or towns are there in all of England and Wales with a ceremonial sheriff acting as the Mayor's deputy?", "id": "56f87f17aef2371900626114", "answers": [{"text": "16", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who's the current Mayor of Southampton?", "id": "56f87f17aef2371900626115", "answers": [{"text": "Linda Norris", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the name of the 578th sheriff of Southampton?", "id": "56f87f17aef2371900626116", "answers": [{"text": "Catherine McEwing", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did John Melody, the town crier of Southampton, pass away?", "id": "56f87f17aef2371900626117", "answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many decibels was John Melody able to reach in his cry?", "id": "56f87f17aef2371900626118", "answers": [{"text": "104", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city has a Mayor and is one of the 16 cities and towns in England and Wales to have a ceremonial sheriff who acts as a deputy for the Mayor. The current and 793rd Mayor of Southampton is Linda Norris. Catherine McEwing is the current and 578th sherriff. The town crier from 2004 until his death in 2014 was John Melody, who acted as master of ceremonies in the city and who possessed a cry of 104 decibels."}], ["Ujian Sungai berjalan di sepanjang sempadan barat bandar, memisahkannya dari New Forest. Terdapat jambatan di atas Ujian dari Southampton, termasuk jambatan jalan dan kereta api di Redbridge di selatan dan lebuh raya M27 ke utara. Sungai Itchen berjalan melalui tengah-tengah bandaraya dan dijambakan di beberapa tempat. Jambatan utara, dan yang pertama dibina, berada di Mansbridge, di mana jalan A27 melintasi Itchen. Jambatan asal ditutup kepada lalu lintas jalan raya, tetapi masih berdiri dan terbuka untuk pejalan kaki dan penunggang basikal. Sungai ini dijembar semula di Swaythling, di mana Woodmill Bridge memisahkan bahagian pasang surut dan tidak pasang sungai. Selanjutnya selatan adalah Cobden Bridge yang terkenal kerana ia dibuka sebagai jambatan bebas (yang pada asalnya dinamakan Cobden Free Bridge), dan tidak pernah menjadi jambatan tol. Hilir Jambatan Cobden adalah Jambatan Keretapi Northam, maka Jambatan Northam Road, yang merupakan jambatan konkrit utama yang pertama yang akan dibina di United Kingdom. Jambatan selatan dan paling baru di Itchen adalah Jambatan Itchen, yang merupakan jambatan tol. <> Di sepanjang sempadan Southampton apakah Ujian Sungai dijalankan? || barat <> Apa hutan berada di tebing bertentangan Ujian Sungai dari Southampton? || Hutan Baru <> Apa jalan raya melintasi Ujian Sungai ke Utara? || M27 <> Di manakah jambatan pertama dibina di seberang Sungai Itchen? || Mansbridge <> Apa jambatan di Swaythling melintasi titik di antara bahagian pasang surut dan tidak pasang Sungai Itchen? || Jambatan Woodmill", {"qas": [{"question": "Along which border of Southampton does the River Test run?", "id": "56f89289a6d7ea1400e1776b", "answers": [{"text": "western", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What forest is on the opposite bank of the River Test from Southampton?", "id": "56f89289a6d7ea1400e1776c", "answers": [{"text": "New Forest", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What motorway crosses the River Test to the North?", "id": "56f89289a6d7ea1400e1776d", "answers": [{"text": "the M27", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the first bridge built across the River Itchen?", "id": "56f89289a6d7ea1400e1776e", "answers": [{"text": "Mansbridge", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What bridge at Swaythling crosses at the point between the tidal and non-tidal sections of the River Itchen?", "id": "56f89289a6d7ea1400e1776f", "answers": [{"text": "Woodmill Bridge", "answer_start": 591}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The River Test runs along the western border of the city, separating it from the New Forest. There are bridges over the Test from Southampton, including the road and rail bridges at Redbridge in the south and the M27 motorway to the north. The River Itchen runs through the middle of the city and is bridged in several places. The northernmost bridge, and the first to be built, is at Mansbridge, where the A27 road crosses the Itchen. The original bridge is closed to road traffic, but is still standing and open to pedestrians and cyclists. The river is bridged again at Swaythling, where Woodmill Bridge separates the tidal and non tidal sections of the river. Further south is Cobden Bridge which is notable as it was opened as a free bridge (it was originally named the Cobden Free Bridge), and was never a toll bridge. Downstream of the Cobden Bridge is the Northam Railway Bridge, then the Northam Road Bridge, which was the first major pre-stressed concrete bridge to be constructed in the United Kingdom. The southernmost, and newest, bridge on the Itchen is the Itchen Bridge, which is a toll bridge."}], ["Pada bulan Januari 2007, purata gaji tahunan di bandar adalah \u00a3 22,267. Ini adalah \u00a3 1,700 lebih rendah daripada purata kebangsaan dan \u00a3 3,800 kurang daripada purata untuk Tenggara. <> Apakah gaji purata tahunan Southampton pada Januari 2007? || \u00a3 22,267 <> Berapa jauh di bawah purata nasional ialah gaji tahunan purata di Southampton? || \u00a3 1,700 <> Berapa jauh di bawah rantau South East England adalah purata gaji tahunan Southampton? || \u00a3 3,800", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Southampton's average annual salary in January of 2007?", "id": "56f8a89c9b226e1400dd0d79", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a322,267", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How far below the national average is the average annual salary in Southampton?", "id": "56f8a89c9b226e1400dd0d7a", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a31,700", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How far below England's South East region is Southampton's average annual salary?", "id": "56f8a89c9b226e1400dd0d7b", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a33,800", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In January 2007, the average annual salary in the city was \u00a322,267. This was \u00a31,700 lower than the national average and \u00a33,800 less than the average for the South East."}], ["Southampton mempunyai kira-kira 236,900 orang yang tinggal di sempadan bandar pada tahun 2011. Terdapat penduduk Poland yang besar di bandaraya, dengan anggaran setinggi 20,000. <> Pada tahun 2011, berapa anggaran penduduk Southampton di dalam sempadan bandar? || 236,900 <> Apa kewarganegaraan orang membentuk sebahagian besar penduduk Southampton? || Poland <> Apa anggaran tertinggi penduduk Poland di bandar Southampton? || 20,000", {"qas": [{"question": "In 2011, what was the estimated population of Southampton inside city limits?", "id": "56f8a0d99b226e1400dd0d03", "answers": [{"text": "236,900", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nationality of people makes up a large portion of Southampton residents?", "id": "56f8a0d99b226e1400dd0d04", "answers": [{"text": "Polish", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the highest estimate of the Polish population of the city of Southampton?", "id": "56f8a0d99b226e1400dd0d05", "answers": [{"text": "20,000", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton had an estimated 236,900 people living within the city boundary in 2011. There is a sizeable Polish population in the city, with estimates as high as 20,000."}], ["Pada Mac 2007 terdapat 120,305 pekerjaan di Southampton, dan 3,570 orang yang menuntut elaun pencari kerja, kira-kira 2.4 peratus penduduk bandar. Ini membandingkan dengan purata 2.5 peratus untuk England secara keseluruhannya. <> Berapa banyak pekerjaan yang terdapat di Southampton pada Mac 2007? || 120,305 <> Berapa ramai penduduk Southampton yang menuntut elaun pencari pekerjaan pada Mac 2007? || 3,570 <> Pada Mac 2007, berapa peratus penduduk Southampton mendakwa elaun pencari pekerjaan? || 2.4 <> Apakah peratusan purata England untuk orang yang menuntut elaun pencari kerja? || 2.5", {"qas": [{"question": "How many jobs were there in Southampton in March of 2007?", "id": "56f8a6c39b226e1400dd0d53", "answers": [{"text": "120,305", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Southampton residents were claiming job seeker's allowance in March, 2007?", "id": "56f8a6c39b226e1400dd0d54", "answers": [{"text": "3,570", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In March 2007, what percentage of Southampton residents claimed job seeker's allowance?", "id": "56f8a6c39b226e1400dd0d55", "answers": [{"text": "2.4", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What England's average percentage for people claiming job seeker's allowance?", "id": "56f8a6c39b226e1400dd0d56", "answers": [{"text": "2.5", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In March 2007 there were 120,305 jobs in Southampton, and 3,570 people claiming job seeker's allowance, approximately 2.4 per cent of the city's population. This compares with an average of 2.5 per cent for England as a whole."}], ["Pada separuh kedua abad ke-20, pelbagai industri yang lebih pelbagai juga datang ke bandar, termasuk pembuatan pesawat dan kereta, kabel, produk kejuruteraan elektrik dan petrokimia. Ini kini wujud bersama industri lama di dok, pengilangan bijirin, dan pemprosesan tembakau di bandar. <> Berapa abad melihat lebih banyak industri yang berlainan datang ke Southampton? || Rangkaian industri Southampton 20 termasuk pembuatan kereta dan apa pengangkutan lain? || pesawat <> Kejuruteraan apa jenis industri dalam sokongan Southampton? || elektrik <> Bersama dengan dok dan kilang gandum, tanaman apa yang telah diproses di Southampton untuk masa yang lama? || tembakau", {"qas": [{"question": "What century saw more diverse industries come to Southampton?", "id": "56f8ab6a9b226e1400dd0db7", "answers": [{"text": "20th", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Southampton's range of industries includes the manufacture of cars and what other transport?", "id": "56f8ab6a9b226e1400dd0db8", "answers": [{"text": "aircraft", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of engineering does industry in Southampton support?", "id": "56f8ab6a9b226e1400dd0db9", "answers": [{"text": "electrical", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the docks and grain mills, what crop has been processed in Southampton for a long time?", "id": "56f8ab6a9b226e1400dd0dba", "answers": [{"text": "tobacco", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the latter half of the 20th century, a more diverse range of industry also came to the city, including aircraft and car manufacture, cables, electrical engineering products, and petrochemicals. These now exist alongside the city's older industries of the docks, grain milling, and tobacco processing."}], ["Hanya lebih satu perempat daripada pekerjaan yang terdapat di bandar ini berada dalam sektor kesihatan dan pendidikan. Sebanyak 19 peratus lagi harta dan perniagaan lain dan sektor ketiga terbesar adalah borong dan runcit, yang mencakupi 16.2 peratus. Antara 1995 dan 2004, bilangan pekerjaan di Southampton telah meningkat sebanyak 18.5 peratus. <> Apa sektor menyediakan kira-kira satu perempat daripada pekerjaan yang ada di Southampton? || kesihatan dan pendidikan <> Berapakah peratusan pekerjaan yang ada di Southampton berada dalam sektor perniagaan / hartanah? || 19 <> Apa sektor ketiga terbesar yang menyediakan pekerjaan di Southampton? || borong dan runcit <> Dengan apa peratusan apa pekerjaan yang ada meningkat di Southampton antara 1995 dan 2004? || 18.5 <> Berapakah peratusan pekerjaan yang ada di Southampton dalam industri borong dan runcit? || 16.2", {"qas": [{"question": "What sector provides about a quarter of Southampton's available jobs?", "id": "56f8a80b9e9bad19000a026d", "answers": [{"text": "health and education", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of available jobs in Southampton are in the property/other business sector?", "id": "56f8a80b9e9bad19000a026e", "answers": [{"text": "19", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the third largest sector providing jobs in Southampton?", "id": "56f8a80b9e9bad19000a026f", "answers": [{"text": "wholesale and retail", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what percentage did available jobs increase in Southampton between 1995 and 2004?", "id": "56f8a80b9e9bad19000a0270", "answers": [{"text": "18.5", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of available jobs in Southampton are in wholesale and retail industries?", "id": "56f8a80b9e9bad19000a0271", "answers": [{"text": "16.2", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Just over a quarter of the jobs available in the city are in the health and education sector. A further 19 per cent are property and other business and the third largest sector is wholesale and retail, which accounts for 16.2 percent. Between 1995 and 2004, the number of jobs in Southampton has increased by 18.5 per cent."}], ["Pada Banci tahun 2001, 92.4 peratus daripada penduduk bandar itu adalah White-termasuk satu peratus White Irish-3.8 peratus adalah Asia Selatan, 1.0 peratus Black, 1.3 peratus Cina atau kumpulan etnik lain, dan 1.5 peratus adalah Campuran Perlumbaan. <> Perlumbaan apa yang membentuk majoriti penduduk Southampton? || White <> Berapa peratus daripada penduduk Southampton adalah Hitam, menurut Banci 2001? || 1.0 <> Melangkah oleh Banci 2001, berapa peratus penduduk Southampton adalah kaum bercampur? || 1.5 <> Berapa peratus penduduk putih yang menunjukkan Banci 2001 adalah White Irish? || satu <> Menurut Banci 2001, apakah perlumbaan yang terdiri daripada 3.8% orang yang tinggal di Southampton? || Asia Selatan", {"qas": [{"question": "What race makes up the vast majority of Southampton's population?", "id": "56f89fe89e9bad19000a01f7", "answers": [{"text": "White", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the population of Southampton is Black, according to the 2001 Census?", "id": "56f89fe89e9bad19000a01f8", "answers": [{"text": "1.0", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Going by the 2001 Census, what percentage of Southampton's population is of mixed race?", "id": "56f89fe89e9bad19000a01f9", "answers": [{"text": "1.5", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the white population did the 2001 Census show were White Irish?", "id": "56f89fe89e9bad19000a01fa", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to the 2001 Census, what race comprises 3.8% of people living in Southampton?", "id": "56f89fe89e9bad19000a01fb", "answers": [{"text": "South Asian", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At the 2001 Census, 92.4 per cent of the city's populace was White\u2014including one per cent White Irish\u20143.8 per cent were South Asian, 1.0 per cent Black, 1.3 per cent Chinese or other ethnic groups, and 1.5 per cent were of Mixed Race."}], ["Hospital Universiti Southampton NHS Foundation Trust merupakan salah satu daripada majikan terbesar di bandar ini. Ia menyediakan perkhidmatan hospital tempatan kepada 500,000 orang di kawasan Southampton dan perkhidmatan serantau pakar untuk lebih daripada 3 juta orang di seluruh England. Amanah memiliki dan menguruskan Hospital Umum Southampton, Hospital Princess Anne dan perkhidmatan penjagaan paliatif di Countess Mountbatten House, sebahagian daripada laman Hospital Moorgreen di kampung West End, di luar bandar. <> Berapa ramai di kawasan Southampton menerima perkhidmatan hospital dari Hospital Universiti NHS Trust NHS Trust? || 500,000 <> Berapa ramai orang di Selatan England bergantung pada perkhidmatan pakar NHS Foundation Trust? || 3 juta <> Apa jenis perkhidmatan yang NHS Foundation Trust menyediakan di Countess Mountbatten House? || penjagaan paliatif <> Apa hospital adalah Countess Mountbatten House sebahagian daripada? || Hospital Moorgreen <> Di kampung apakah Hospital Moorgreen terletak? || hujung barat", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people in the Southampton area receive hospital services from University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust?", "id": "56f8ad379b226e1400dd0ddb", "answers": [{"text": "500,000", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people in the South of England rely on the NHS Foundation Trust's specialist services?", "id": "56f8ad379b226e1400dd0ddc", "answers": [{"text": "3 million", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of service does the NHS Foundation Trust provide at the Countess Mountbatten House?", "id": "56f8ad379b226e1400dd0ddd", "answers": [{"text": "palliative care", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What hospital is the Countess Mountbatten House a part of?", "id": "56f8ad379b226e1400dd0dde", "answers": [{"text": "Moorgreen Hospital", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what village is Moorgreen Hospital located?", "id": "56f8ad379b226e1400dd0ddf", "answers": [{"text": "West End", "answer_start": 462}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust is one of the city's largest employers. It provides local hospital services to 500,000 people in the Southampton area and specialist regional services to more than 3 million people across the South of England. The Trust owns and manages Southampton General Hospital, the Princess Anne Hospital and a palliative care service at Countess Mountbatten House, part of the Moorgreen Hospital site in the village of West End, just outside the city."}], ["Terdapat 119,500 lelaki di dalam bandar dan 117,400 wanita. Rentang usia 20-24 adalah yang paling ramai penduduk, dengan anggaran 32,300 orang yang jatuh dalam lingkungan umur ini. Seterusnya terbesar ialah 25-29 dengan 24,700 orang dan kemudian 30-34 tahun dengan 17,800. Dengan populasi, Southampton adalah bandar monocentric terbesar di rantau South East England dan yang kedua terbesar di Pantai Selatan selepas Plymouth. <> Adakah terdapat lebih banyak lelaki atau perempuan di Southampton? || lelaki <> Berapa jenis umur yang mengandungi kebanyakan orang dari Southampton? || 20-24 <> Berapa ramai antara umur 30 dan 34 tinggal di Southampton? || 17,800 <> Berapa ramai wanita tinggal di Southampton? || 117,400 <> Apa satu-satunya bandar monocentric di Pantai Selatan yang lebih besar daripada Southampton? || Plymouth", {"qas": [{"question": "Are there more males or females in Southampton?", "id": "56f8a20b9e9bad19000a021b", "answers": [{"text": "males", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What age range contains the most people from Southampton?", "id": "56f8a20b9e9bad19000a021c", "answers": [{"text": "20\u201324", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people between the ages of 30 and 34 live in Southampton?", "id": "56f8a20b9e9bad19000a021d", "answers": [{"text": "17,800", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many women live in Southampton?", "id": "56f8a20b9e9bad19000a021e", "answers": [{"text": "117,400", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the only monocentric city on the South Coast larger than Southampton?", "id": "56f8a20b9e9bad19000a021f", "answers": [{"text": "Plymouth", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are 119,500 males within the city and 117,400 females. The 20\u201324 age range is the most populous, with an estimated 32,300 people falling in this age range. Next largest is the 25\u201329 range with 24,700 people and then 30\u201334 years with 17,800. By population, Southampton is the largest monocentric city in the South East England region and the second largest on the South Coast after Plymouth."}], ["Antara tahun 1996 dan 2004, penduduk bandaraya meningkat sebanyak 4.9 peratus - peningkatan terbesar kesepuluh di England. Pada tahun 2005 Statistik Kerajaan menyatakan bahawa Southampton adalah bandar ketiga yang paling padat penduduknya di negara ini selepas London dan Portsmouth masing-masing. Majlis Hampshire County menjangka penduduk bandar berkembang sekitar dua peratus lagi antara 2006 dan 2013, sambil menambah sekitar 4,200 kepada jumlah penduduk. Peningkatan tertinggi dijangka di kalangan orang tua. <> Dengan apa peratusan penduduk Southampton meningkat dari 1996 hingga 2004? || 4.9 <> Apa satu-satunya bandar lain di England selain Portsmouth yang lebih padat daripada Southampton? || London <> Organisasi apa yang dinantikan pertumbuhan penduduk 2% tambahan dari tahun 2006 hingga 2013? || Hampshire County Council <> Apakah segmen usia penduduk Southampton dijangka meningkat paling? || warga tua <> Berapa banyak lagi penduduk akan menjadi Southampton jika populasi meningkat sebanyak 2%, seperti majlis yang diharapkan? || 4,200", {"qas": [{"question": "By what percentage did the population of Southampton increase from 1996 to 2004?", "id": "56f8a3829b226e1400dd0d19", "answers": [{"text": "4.9", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the only other city in England besides Portsmouth more densely populated than Southampton?", "id": "56f8a3829b226e1400dd0d1a", "answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization anticipated an additional 2% population growth from 2006 to 2013?", "id": "56f8a3829b226e1400dd0d1b", "answers": [{"text": "Hampshire County Council", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What age segment of the population of Southampton is projected to increase the most?", "id": "56f8a3829b226e1400dd0d1c", "answers": [{"text": "the elderly", "answer_start": 494}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many more residents would Southampton have if the population grew by 2%, as the council expected?", "id": "56f8a3829b226e1400dd0d1d", "answers": [{"text": "4,200", "answer_start": 413}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Between 1996 and 2004, the population of the city increased by 4.9 per cent\u2014the tenth biggest increase in England. In 2005 the Government Statistics stated that Southampton was the third most densely populated city in the country after London and Portsmouth respectively. Hampshire County Council expects the city's population to grow by around a further two per cent between 2006 and 2013, adding around another 4,200 to the total number of residents. The highest increases are expected among the elderly."}], ["Southampton sentiasa menjadi pelabuhan, dan dok telah lama menjadi majikan utama di bandar ini. Khususnya, ia adalah pelabuhan untuk kapal pelayaran; zaman kegemilangannya adalah separuh pertama abad ke-20, dan khususnya tahun-tahun antara peperangan, apabila ia mengendalikan hampir separuh trafik penumpang di UK. Hari ini ia tetap menjadi rumah kepada kapal pesiar mewah, serta menjadi pelabuhan pengangkutan terbesar di pantai Saluran dan pelabuhan UK keempat terbesar dengan tan, dengan beberapa terminal kontena. Tidak seperti beberapa pelabuhan lain, seperti Liverpool, London, dan Bristol, di mana industri dan dok kebanyakannya berpindah keluar dari pusat bandar untuk memberi ruang untuk pembangunan semula, Southampton mengekalkan banyak industri dalamannya. Walaupun kawasan docklands yang masih aktif dan berkembang di bahagian barat pusat bandar, dipertingkatkan lagi dengan pembukaan terminal pelayaran keempat pada tahun 2009, sebahagian daripada kawasan timur pelabuhan telah dibangunkan semula; Pembangunan Ocean Village, yang termasuk marina tempatan dan kompleks hiburan kecil, adalah contoh yang baik. Southampton adalah ibu pejabat kedua-dua Agensi Maritim dan Coastguard dan Cawangan Siasatan Kemalangan Marin Jabatan Pengangkutan sebagai tambahan kepada pengendali pelayaran Carnival UK. <> Berapa banyak trafik penumpang UK yang ditangani Southampton semasa tempoh inter-perang? || separuh <> Apa jenis kapal penumpang yang membuat banyak trafik di pelabuhan Southampton? || kapal pesiar <> Melangkah mengikut unit ukuran yang menjadikan Southampton sebagai pelabuhan keempat terbesar di UK? || tonne <> Pada tahun apakah terminal pelayaran keempat di Southampton dibuka di docklands barat? || 2009 <> Apa cawangan Jabatan Pengangkutan mempunyai ibu pejabat di Southampton? || Cawangan Siasatan Kemalangan Marin", {"qas": [{"question": "About how much of UK's passenger traffic did Southampton handle during the inter-war period?", "id": "56f8aa0d9b226e1400dd0d97", "answers": [{"text": "half", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of passenger ships make up a lot of the traffic in the port of Southampton?", "id": "56f8aa0d9b226e1400dd0d98", "answers": [{"text": "cruise ships", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Going by what unit of measurement makes Southampton the fourth largest port in the UK?", "id": "56f8aa0d9b226e1400dd0d99", "answers": [{"text": "tonnage", "answer_start": 431}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Southampton's fourth cruise terminal open in the western docklands?", "id": "56f8aa0d9b226e1400dd0d9a", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 838}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What branch of the Department for Transport has its headquarters in Southampton?", "id": "56f8aa0d9b226e1400dd0d9b", "answers": [{"text": "Marine Accident Investigation Branch", "answer_start": 1098}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton has always been a port, and the docks have long been a major employer in the city. In particular, it is a port for cruise ships; its heyday was the first half of the 20th century, and in particular the inter-war years, when it handled almost half the passenger traffic of the UK. Today it remains home to luxury cruise ships, as well as being the largest freight port on the Channel coast and fourth largest UK port by tonnage, with several container terminals. Unlike some other ports, such as Liverpool, London, and Bristol, where industry and docks have largely moved out of the city centres leaving room for redevelopment, Southampton retains much of its inner-city industry. Despite the still active and expanding docklands to the west of the city centre, further enhanced with the opening of a fourth cruise terminal in 2009, parts of the eastern docks have been redeveloped; the Ocean Village development, which included a local marina and small entertainment complex, is a good example. Southampton is home to the headquarters of both the Maritime and Coastguard Agency and the Marine Accident Investigation Branch of the Department for Transport in addition to cruise operator Carnival UK."}], ["Pameran Perahu Southampton tahunan diadakan pada bulan September setiap tahun, dengan lebih daripada 600 peserta pameran hadir. Ia berjalan selama lebih dari seminggu di Mayflower Park di tepi laut bandar, di mana ia telah diadakan sejak tahun 1968. The Show Boat itu sendiri adalah kemuncak Sea City, yang berlangsung dari April hingga September setiap tahun untuk meraikan hubungan Southampton dengan laut. <> Dalam bulan apa setiap tahun adalah pameran Southampton Boat yang diadakan? || September <> Apa taman tepi air menjadi tuan rumah Pertunjukan Perahu? || Mayflower Park <> Bilakah Boat Show pertama kali diadakan di Mayflower Park? || 1968 <> Apa perayaan Southampton memuncak dalam Pertunjukan Perahu? || Sea City <> Kehadiran Pameran Bot dapat mengharapkan sekurang-kurangnya berapa peserta pameran? || 600", {"qas": [{"question": "In what month each year is the Southampton Boat Show held?", "id": "56f8b5149b226e1400dd0e85", "answers": [{"text": "September", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What waterfront park hosts the Boat Show?", "id": "56f8b5149b226e1400dd0e86", "answers": [{"text": "Mayflower Park", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Boat Show first held in Mayflower Park?", "id": "56f8b5149b226e1400dd0e87", "answers": [{"text": "1968", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Southampton festival culminates in the Boat Show?", "id": "56f8b5149b226e1400dd0e88", "answers": [{"text": "Sea City", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Attendees of the Boat Show can expect to see at least how many exhibitors?", "id": "56f8b5149b226e1400dd0e89", "answers": [{"text": "600", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The annual Southampton Boat Show is held in September each year, with over 600 exhibitors present. It runs for just over a week at Mayflower Park on the city's waterfront, where it has been held since 1968. The Boat Show itself is the climax of Sea City, which runs from April to September each year to celebrate Southampton's links with the sea."}], ["Bandar ini juga mempunyai beberapa tempat muzik yang lebih kecil, termasuk Brook, The Talking Heads, The Soul Cellar, The Joiners dan Turner Sims, serta tempat-tempat \"litar kelab\" yang lebih kecil seperti Hampton's and Lennon's, dan beberapa rumah awam termasuk Platform kedai minuman, Dolphin, Blue Keys dan banyak lagi. Para Gabungan telah menjadi tuan rumah kepada acara-acara seperti Oasis, Radiohead, Green Day, Suede, PJ Harvey, Penerbit Street Manic, Coldplay, Verve, Libertines dan Franz Ferdinand, sementara Hampton dan Lennon telah menjadi tuan rumah penampilan awal oleh Kate Nash, Pengakap untuk Girls and Band of Skulls. Kelab malam, Junk, telah dicalonkan untuk kelab malam terbaik UK, dan memainkan tuan rumah untuk pelbagai aksi muzik tarian. <> Apa kelab malam di Southampton dicalonkan untuk kelab malam terbaik UK? || Junk <> Apa genre muzik yang dipaparkan di Junk? || tarian <> Apa tempat muzik kecil di Southampton dinamakan selepas mamalia akuatik? || lumba-lumba", {"qas": [{"question": "What nightclub in Southampton was nominated for the UK's best small nightclub?", "id": "56f8ba089e9bad19000a03c9", "answers": [{"text": "Junk", "answer_start": 612}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre of music is featured at Junk?", "id": "56f8ba089e9bad19000a03ca", "answers": [{"text": "dance", "answer_start": 701}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What small music venue in Southampton is named after an aquatic mammal?", "id": "56f8ba089e9bad19000a03cb", "answers": [{"text": "the Dolphin", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city also has several smaller music venues, including the Brook, The Talking Heads, The Soul Cellar, The Joiners and Turner Sims, as well as smaller \"club circuit\" venues like Hampton's and Lennon's, and a number of public houses including the Platform tavern, the Dolphin, the Blue Keys and many others. The Joiners has played host to such acts as Oasis, Radiohead, Green Day, Suede, PJ Harvey, the Manic Street Preachers, Coldplay, the Verve, the Libertines and Franz Ferdinand, while Hampton's and Lennon's have hosted early appearances by Kate Nash, Scouting for Girls and Band of Skulls. The nightclub, Junk, has been nominated for the UK's best small nightclub, and plays host to a range of dance music's top acts."}], ["Mengikut angka 2004, Southampton menyumbang sekitar \u00a3 4.2 bilion kepada ekonomi serantau setiap tahun. Sebahagian besar daripada ini adalah dari sektor perkhidmatan, dan sisanya datang dari industri di bandar. Angka ini telah hampir dua kali ganda sejak tahun 1995. <> Mengikut perhitungan tahun 2004, berapa banyak Southampton menyumbang kepada ekonomi rantau ini setiap tahun? || \u00a3 4.2bn <> Sektor apa yang memaparkan sebahagian besar sumbangan ekonomi Southampton? || sektor perkhidmatan <> Pada tahun 2004, sumbangan Southampton kepada ekonomi serantau hampir dua kali ganda daripada apa tahun ini? || 1995", {"qas": [{"question": "Going by 2004 calculations, how much does Southampton contribute to the region's economy each year?", "id": "56f8b2c69b226e1400dd0e45", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a34.2 bn", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sector puts up most of Southampton's economic contribution?", "id": "56f8b2c69b226e1400dd0e46", "answers": [{"text": "the service sector", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2004, Southampton's contribution to the regional economy had almost doubled from what it was in what year?", "id": "56f8b2c69b226e1400dd0e47", "answers": [{"text": "1995", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to 2004 figures, Southampton contributes around \u00a34.2 bn to the regional economy annually. The vast majority of this is from the service sector, with the remainder coming from industry in the city. This figure has almost doubled since 1995."}], ["Southampton mempunyai dua tempat muzik live yang besar, Teater Mayflower (dahulu Teater Gaumont) dan Guildhall. The Guildhall telah melihat konsert dari pelbagai artis terkenal termasuk Pink Floyd, David Bowie, Delirious?, Manic Street Preachers, The Killers, Kaiser Chiefs, Amy Winehouse, Lostprophets, The Midnight Beast, Modestep, dan All Time Low. Ia juga menganjurkan konsert klasik yang dipersembahkan oleh Orkestra Simfoni Bournemouth, Orkestra Southampton, Southampton Concert Orchestra, Southampton Philharmonic Choir dan Persatuan Choral Southampton. <> Selain daripada Mayflower Theatre, apa lagi tempat utama Southampton untuk muzik live? || The Guildhall <> Apa band legenda dengan warna di namanya dimainkan di Guildhall? || Pink Floyd <> Apa orkestra dengan nama yang bermula dengan \"B\" telah dimainkan di Guildhall? || Orkestra Simfoni Bournemouth <> Apa paduan suara dari kawasan yang dinyanyikan di Guildhall? || Southampton Philharmonic Choir", {"qas": [{"question": "In addition to the Mayflower Theatre, what's Southampton's other big venue for live music?", "id": "56f8b93d9b226e1400dd0eb3", "answers": [{"text": "the Guildhall", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What legendary band with a color in its name has played at the Guildhall?", "id": "56f8b93d9b226e1400dd0eb4", "answers": [{"text": "Pink Floyd", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What orchestra with a name that starts with \"B\" has played at the Guildhall?", "id": "56f8b93d9b226e1400dd0eb5", "answers": [{"text": "Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra", "answer_start": 416}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What choir from the area has sung at the Guildhall?", "id": "56f8b93d9b226e1400dd0eb6", "answers": [{"text": "Southampton Philharmonic Choir", "answer_start": 510}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton has two large live music venues, the Mayflower Theatre (formerly the Gaumont Theatre) and the Guildhall. The Guildhall has seen concerts from a wide range of popular artists including Pink Floyd, David Bowie, Delirious?, Manic Street Preachers, The Killers, The Kaiser Chiefs, Amy Winehouse, Lostprophets, The Midnight Beast, Modestep, and All Time Low. It also hosts classical concerts presented by the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra, City of Southampton Orchestra, Southampton Concert Orchestra, Southampton Philharmonic Choir and Southampton Choral Society."}], ["Teater terbesar di bandar ini adalah Kapasiti Mayflower 2,300 yang dahulunya dikenali sebagai Gaumont, yang, sebagai teater terbesar di Selatan England di luar London, telah menganjurkan pertunjukan West End seperti Les Mis\u00e9rables, The Rocky Horror Show dan Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, serta lawatan biasa dari Welsh National Opera dan English National Ballet. Terdapat juga Teater Nuffield yang berpusat di kampus Highfield di University of Southampton, yang merupakan teater penghasil utama di bandar ini. Ia dianugerahkan Anugerah Peringkat untuk Teater Serantau Terbaik pada tahun 2015. Ia juga menjadi tuan rumah kepada syarikat-syarikat pelancongan dan masyarakat persembahan tempatan (seperti Persatuan Operasi Southampton, Masker dan Pemain Universiti). <> Apa teater terbesar di Southampton? || Mayflower Theatre <> Berapa ramai orang boleh memegang Teater Mayflower? || 2,300 <> Apa nama bekas Mayflower Theatre? || Gaumont <> Apa syarikat balet terkenal yang pernah dilakukan di Mayflower? || Balet Kebangsaan Bahasa Inggeris <> Teater Selatan mana yang memenangi Anugerah Peringkat untuk Teater Serantau Terbaik untuk 2015? || Teater Nuffield", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the biggest theatre in Southampton?", "id": "56f8b5ef9e9bad19000a037f", "answers": [{"text": "Mayflower Theatre", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people can the Mayflower Theatre hold?", "id": "56f8b5ef9e9bad19000a0380", "answers": [{"text": "2,300", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the former name of the Mayflower Theatre?", "id": "56f8b5ef9e9bad19000a0381", "answers": [{"text": "the Gaumont", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What famous ballet company has performed at the Mayflower?", "id": "56f8b5ef9e9bad19000a0382", "answers": [{"text": "English National Ballet", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Southampton theatre won The Stage Award for Best Regional Theatre for 2015?", "id": "56f8b5ef9e9bad19000a0383", "answers": [{"text": "Nuffield Theatre", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The largest theatre in the city is the 2,300 capacity Mayflower Theatre (formerly known as the Gaumont), which, as the largest theatre in Southern England outside London, has hosted West End shows such as Les Mis\u00e9rables, The Rocky Horror Show and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, as well as regular visits from Welsh National Opera and English National Ballet. There is also the Nuffield Theatre based at the University of Southampton's Highfield campus, which is the city's primary producing theatre. It was awarded The Stage Award for Best Regional Theatre in 2015. It also hosts touring companies and local performing societies (such as Southampton Operatic Society, the Maskers and the University Players)."}], ["Ekonomi kuat Southampton sedang mempromosikan pembangunan semula, dan projek-projek utama dicadangkan, termasuk gedung pencakar langit pertama di tepi pantai. Tiga menara yang dicadangkan akan berdiri 23 tingkat tinggi dan akan dikelilingi oleh blok apartmen yang lebih kecil, blok pejabat dan kedai. Terdapat juga rancangan untuk sebuah hotel 15 tingkat di Ocean Village marina, dan sebuah hotel 21 tingkat di sudut timur tengah pusat bandar, sebagai sebahagian daripada pembangunan \u00a3 100 juta. <> Apa jenis bangunan tinggi sedang dirancang di tepi air Southampton? || pencakar langit <> Berapa banyak cerita yang tinggi akan masing-masing dari tiga menara yang dicadangkan? || 23 <> Apa marina di Southampton boleh mendapatkan hotel tingkat tinggi 15? || Ocean Village <> Faktor apa yang sangat kuat di Southampton yang menggalakkan pembangunan semula bandar? || ekonomi <> Apa anggaran belanjawan rancangan pembangunan yang termasuk hotel baru? || \u00a3 100m", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of tall buildings are being planned on Southampton's waterfront?", "id": "56f8b1c99e9bad19000a0341", "answers": [{"text": "skyscrapers", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many stories tall will each of the three proposed towers be?", "id": "56f8b1c99e9bad19000a0342", "answers": [{"text": "23", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What marina in Southampton may get a 15-story high hotel?", "id": "56f8b1c99e9bad19000a0343", "answers": [{"text": "Ocean Village", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What factor is very strong in Southampton that encourages redevelopment of the city?", "id": "56f8b1c99e9bad19000a0344", "answers": [{"text": "economy", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the projected budget of the development plan that includes the new hotels?", "id": "56f8b1c99e9bad19000a0345", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a3100m", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton's strong economy is promoting redevelopment, and major projects are proposed, including the city's first skyscrapers on the waterfront. The three towers proposed will stand 23 storeys high and will be surrounded by smaller apartment blocks, office blocks and shops. There are also plans for a 15-storey hotel at the Ocean Village marina, and a 21-storey hotel on the north eastern corner of the city centre, as part of a \u00a3100m development."}], ["Terdapat banyak galeri seni inovatif di bandar ini. Galeri Seni Bandaraya Southampton di Pusat Sivik adalah salah satu koleksi yang terkenal dan juga koleksi yang ditetapkan secara nasional, menempatkan beberapa pameran tetap dan perjalanan. Galeri Millais di Southampton Solent University, Galeri John Hansard di Universiti Southampton serta galeri-galeri yang lebih kecil termasuk Art House di Above Bar Street memberikan pandangan yang berbeza. Bargate di bandar ini juga merupakan galeri seni yang dikendalikan oleh organisasi seni \"ruang\". Ruang juga menjalankan projek Art Vaults, yang secara kreatif menggunakan beberapa peti besi zaman pertengahan di Southampton, dewan dan ruang bawah tanah sebagai tempat untuk pemasangan seni kontemporari. <> Apa galeri di Southampton rumah koleksi yang Ditetapkan? || Galeri Seni Bandar Southampton <> Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan organisasi kesenian kecil yang bertanggungjawab ke atas galeri seni di Bargate Southampton? || ruang <> Projek apa, yang juga dijalankan oleh ruang, mempamerkan seni di bangunan zaman pertengahan di Southampton? || Art Vaults <> Apa galeri seni adalah sebahagian daripada Southampton University Solent? || Galeri Millais", {"qas": [{"question": "What gallery in Southampton houses a Designated Collection?", "id": "56f8b7329b226e1400dd0e99", "answers": [{"text": "The Southampton City Art Gallery", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the all-lowercase named arts organization in charge of the art gallery in Southampton's Bargate?", "id": "56f8b7329b226e1400dd0e9a", "answers": [{"text": "a space", "answer_start": 521}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What project, also run by a space, showcases art in Southampton's medieval buildings?", "id": "56f8b7329b226e1400dd0e9b", "answers": [{"text": "Art Vaults", "answer_start": 552}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What art gallery is a part of Southampton Solent University?", "id": "56f8b7329b226e1400dd0e9c", "answers": [{"text": "The Millais Gallery", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are many innovative art galleries in the city. The Southampton City Art Gallery at the Civic Centre is one of the best known and as well as a nationally important Designated Collection, houses several permanent and travelling exhibitions. The Millais Gallery at Southampton Solent University, the John Hansard Gallery at Southampton University as well as smaller galleries including the Art House in Above Bar Street provide a different view. The city's Bargate is also an art gallery run by the arts organisation \"a space\". A space also run the Art Vaults project, which creatively uses several of Southampton's medieval vaults, halls and cellars as venues for contemporary art installations."}], ["Bandar ini adalah rumah bagi dinding abad pertengahan yang paling lama di England, serta beberapa muzium seperti Muzium Rumah Tudor, dibuka semula pada 30 Julai 2011 selepas mengalami pemulihan dan peningkatan yang meluas; Muzium Maritim Southampton; Menara Rumah Tuhan, sebuah muzium arkeologi mengenai warisan bandar dan terletak di salah satu tembok menara; Rumah Merchant Medieval; dan Solent Sky, yang memberi tumpuan kepada penerbangan. Muzium SeaCity terletak di sayap barat pusat sivik, yang dahulu diduduki oleh Hampshire Constabulary dan Mahkamah Majistret, dan memberi tumpuan kepada sejarah perdagangan Southampton dan pada RMS Titanic. Muzium ini menerima setengah juta pound dari National Lottery selain menarik minat ramai pelabur swasta dan dianggarkan sebanyak \u00a3 28 juta. <> Muzium apa yang dibuka semula pada 30 Julai 2011 selepas pengubahsuaian yang besar? || Muzium Rumah Tudor <> Apa nama muzium yang terletak di salah satu dinding menara Southampton? || Menara Rumah Tuhan <> Apakah nama muzium penerbangan di Southampton? || Solen Sky <> Apakah bajet yang mengagumkan di Muzium SeaCity? || \u00a3 28 juta <> Organisasi apa yang melabur setengah juta pound di Muzium SeaCity? || Loteri Kebangsaan", {"qas": [{"question": "What museum reopened on July 30th, 2011 after a huge renovation?", "id": "56f8b40b9e9bad19000a035f", "answers": [{"text": "Tudor House Museum", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the name of the museum located in one of Southampton's tower walls?", "id": "56f8b40b9e9bad19000a0360", "answers": [{"text": "God's House Tower", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the name of the aviation museum in Southampton?", "id": "56f8b40b9e9bad19000a0361", "answers": [{"text": "Solent Sky", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the impressive budget of the SeaCity Museum?", "id": "56f8b40b9e9bad19000a0362", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a328 million", "answer_start": 781}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization invested half a million pounds in the SeaCity Museum?", "id": "56f8b40b9e9bad19000a0363", "answers": [{"text": "the National Lottery", "answer_start": 685}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city is home to the longest surviving stretch of medieval walls in England, as well as a number of museums such as Tudor House Museum, reopened on 30 July 2011 after undergoing extensive restoration and improvement; Southampton Maritime Museum; God's House Tower, an archaeology museum about the city's heritage and located in one of the tower walls; the Medieval Merchant's House; and Solent Sky, which focuses on aviation. The SeaCity Museum is located in the west wing of the civic centre, formerly occupied by Hampshire Constabulary and the Magistrates' Court, and focuses on Southampton's trading history and on the RMS Titanic. The museum received half a million pounds from the National Lottery in addition to interest from numerous private investors and is budgeted at \u00a328 million."}], ["Majikan utama lain di bandar itu termasuk Ukur Ordnance, agensi pemetaan nasional UK, yang ibu pejabatnya terletak di sebuah bangunan baru di pinggir kota, dibuka pada Februari 2011. Kumpulan Lloyd's Register telah mengumumkan rancangan untuk memindahkan operasi marin Londonnya sebuah laman web yang dibangunkan khas di University of Southampton. Kawasan Swaythling adalah rumah kepada Plant Assembly Assembly Southampton, di mana majoriti model Transit mereka dihasilkan. Penutupan kilang pada tahun 2013 diumumkan pada tahun 2012, dengan kehilangan beratus-ratus pekerjaan. <> Apakah nama agensi pemetaan negara Inggeris itu? || Suruhanjaya Ordnance <> Berapa tahunkah ibu pejabat Survei Ordnance baru dibuka di Southampton? || 2011 <> Apa syarikat mengatakan ia merancang untuk menggerakkan operasi laut ke University of Southampton? || Lloyd's Register Group <> Kawasan Southampton yang mana memegang sebuah kilang pemasangan Ford? || Swaythling <> Model mana yang dihasilkan oleh Ford di kilang Southampton mereka? || Transit", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the name of the UK's national mapping agency?", "id": "56f8aea09e9bad19000a02ff", "answers": [{"text": "Ordnance Survey", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Ordnance Survey's new headquarters open in Southampton?", "id": "56f8aea09e9bad19000a0300", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company said it is planning to move marine operations to the University of Southampton?", "id": "56f8aea09e9bad19000a0301", "answers": [{"text": "Lloyd's Register Group", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What area of Southampton holds a Ford assembly plant?", "id": "56f8aea09e9bad19000a0302", "answers": [{"text": "Swaythling", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which model does Ford manufacture in their Southampton plant?", "id": "56f8aea09e9bad19000a0303", "answers": [{"text": "Transit", "answer_start": 441}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Other major employers in the city include Ordnance Survey, the UK's national mapping agency, whose headquarters is located in a new building on the outskirts of the city, opened in February 2011. The Lloyd's Register Group has announced plans to move its London marine operations to a specially developed site at the University of Southampton. The area of Swaythling is home to Ford's Southampton Assembly Plant, where the majority of their Transit models are manufactured. Closure of the plant in 2013 was announced in 2012, with the loss of hundreds of jobs."}], ["Pusat membeli-belah terbesar di Southampton, dan ke-35 terbesar di UK, adalah WestQuay Shopping Centre, yang dibuka pada bulan September 2000 dan menjadi tuan rumah utama kedai-kedai jalan utama termasuk John Lewis dan Marks and Spencer. Pusat ini merupakan Fasa Dua pembangunan Quay Barat bekas kilang kabel bawah laut Pirelli; fasa pertama ini adalah Taman Runcit Quay Barat, manakala fasa ketiga (Watermark Westquay) ditangguhkan akibat kemelesetan. Kerja telah disambung semula pada tahun 2015, dengan rancangan untuk peringkat ketiga ini termasuk kedai, perumahan, hotel dan piazza awam di samping Wall Town di Esplanade Barat. Southampton juga telah diberikan lesen untuk sebuah kasino besar. Sebahagian lagi daripada pembangunan semula tapak West Quay menghasilkan sebuah kedai baru, dibuka pada 12 Februari 2009, untuk peruncit produk rumah IKEA dari IKEA. Marlands adalah pusat membeli-belah yang lebih kecil, yang dibina pada tahun 1990-an dan terletak berhampiran dengan bahagian utara WestQuay. Southampton kini mempunyai dua pusat membeli-belah yang tidak disengajakan: pusat membeli-belah Eaststreet 1970-an, dan pusat Bargate pada tahun 1980-an. Kedua-dua ini tidak berjaya secara komersil; bekas yang telah diperuntukkan untuk pembangunan semula sebagai pasar raya Morrison, sementara masa depan yang terakhir tidak pasti. Terdapat juga kawasan East Street yang telah ditetapkan untuk membeli-belah khusus, dengan tujuan mempromosikan peruncit yang lebih kecil, di samping kedai rantaian Debenhams. Pada tahun 2007, Southampton menduduki tempat ke-13 untuk membeli-belah di UK. <> Apa itu pusat runcit terbesar di Southampton? || WestQuay Shopping Centre <> Apa ranking WestQuay di kalangan pusat runcit terbesar di UK? || 35 <Apa nama fasa ketiga pembangunan Barat Quay yang ditunda kerana kemelesetan? || Watermark Westquay <> Berapa tahun kerja semula pada pembangunan Watermark Westquay? || 2015 <> Apa syarikat Swedia yang popular membuka kedai baru di tapak West Quay pada tahun 2009? || IKEA", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the largest retail center in Southampton?", "id": "56f8afe39e9bad19000a031d", "answers": [{"text": "WestQuay Shopping Centre", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's WestQuay's ranking among the largest retail centers in the UK?", "id": "56f8afe39e9bad19000a031e", "answers": [{"text": "35th", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the third phase of West Quay development that got put on hold because of the recession?", "id": "56f8afe39e9bad19000a031f", "answers": [{"text": "Watermark Westquay", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did work resume on the development of Watermark Westquay?", "id": "56f8afe39e9bad19000a0320", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 468}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What popular Swedish company opened a new store in the West Quay site in 2009?", "id": "56f8afe39e9bad19000a0321", "answers": [{"text": "IKEA", "answer_start": 818}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton's largest retail centre, and 35th largest in the UK, is the WestQuay Shopping Centre, which opened in September 2000 and hosts major high street stores including John Lewis and Marks and Spencer. The centre was Phase Two of the West Quay development of the former Pirelli undersea cables factory; the first phase of this was the West Quay Retail Park, while the third phase (Watermark Westquay) was put on hold due to the recession. Work is has resumed in 2015, with plans for this third stage including shops, housing, an hotel and a public piazza alongside the Town Walls on Western Esplanade. Southampton has also been granted a licence for a large casino. A further part of the redevelopment of the West Quay site resulted in a new store, opened on 12 February 2009, for Swedish home products retailer IKEA. Marlands is a smaller shopping centre, built in the 1990s and located close to the northern side of WestQuay. Southampton currently has two disused shopping centres: the 1970s Eaststreet mall, and the 1980s Bargate centre. Neither of these were ever commercially successful; the former has been earmarked for redevelopment as a Morrison's supermarket, while the future of the latter is uncertain. There is also the East Street area which has been designated for speciality shopping, with the aim of promoting smaller retailers, alongside the chain store Debenhams. In 2007, Southampton was ranked 13th for shopping in the UK."}], ["Bandar ini menyediakan untuk kapal layar dan sukan air, dengan beberapa marinas. Dari tahun 1977 hingga 2001, Whitbread Around the World Yacht Race, yang kini dikenali sebagai Race Ocean Volvo yang berpusat di Ocean Village, Southampton. <> Ciri apa yang Southampton mempunyai banyak yang menyediakan sukan air dan kapal layar? || marin <> Apa kaum yang dinamakan sempena syarikat kereta yang digunakan untuk menjadi tuan rumah di Southampton? || Perlumbaan Lautan Volvo <> Apakah bekas nama Perlumbaan Lautan Volvo? || The Whitbread Around the World Yacht Race <> Mana marina di Southampton menjadi tuan rumah perlumbaan kapal layar dari 1977 terlalu 2001? || Ocean Village marina", {"qas": [{"question": "What feature does Southampton have plenty of that provides for water sports and yachting?", "id": "56f8c65d9b226e1400dd0f8d", "answers": [{"text": "marinas", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What race named after a car company used to be hosted in Southampton?", "id": "56f8c65d9b226e1400dd0f8e", "answers": [{"text": "the Volvo Ocean Race", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the former name of the Volvo Ocean Race?", "id": "56f8c65d9b226e1400dd0f8f", "answers": [{"text": "the Whitbread Around the World Yacht Race", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which marina in Southampton hosted the yacht race from 1977 too 2001?", "id": "56f8c65d9b226e1400dd0f90", "answers": [{"text": "Ocean Village marina", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city provides for yachting and water sports, with a number of marinas. From 1977 to 2001 the Whitbread Around the World Yacht Race, which is now known as the Volvo Ocean Race was based in Southampton's Ocean Village marina."}], ["Kelab hoki bandar, Kelab Hoki Southampton, yang ditubuhkan pada tahun 1938, kini merupakan salah satu daripada kelab terbesar dan paling dihormati di Hampshire, membabitkan 7 orang lelaki senior dan 5 pasukan wanita senior secara mingguan bersama-sama dengan pasukan lelaki dan perempuan dari 6 ke atas . <> Apakah kelab hoki Southampton dinamakan? || Kelab Hoki Southampton <> Tahun apa yang ditubuhkan Southampton Hockey Club? || 1938 <> Berapa banyak pasukan lelaki senior melakukan padang kelab hoki setiap minggu? || 7 <> Mingguan, berapa ramai pasukan senior wanita yang memasuki bidang Kelab Hoki Southampton? || 5 <> Berapa lama anak perlu bermain di kelab hoki? || 6", {"qas": [{"question": "What's Southampton's hockey club named?", "id": "56f8c4059b226e1400dd0f57", "answers": [{"text": "Southampton Hockey Club", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Southampton Hockey Club founded?", "id": "56f8c4059b226e1400dd0f58", "answers": [{"text": "1938", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many senior men's teams does the hockey club field each week?", "id": "56f8c4059b226e1400dd0f59", "answers": [{"text": "7", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Weekly, how many senior ladies teams does Southampton Hockey Club field?", "id": "56f8c4059b226e1400dd0f5a", "answers": [{"text": "5", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old do kids need to be to play in the hockey club?", "id": "56f8c4059b226e1400dd0f5b", "answers": [{"text": "6", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city hockey club, Southampton Hockey Club, founded in 1938, is now one of the largest and highly regarded clubs in Hampshire, fielding 7 senior men's and 5 senior ladies teams on a weekly basis along with boys\u2019 and girls\u2019 teams from 6 upwards."}], ["Dua Liga Ahad tempatan di kawasan Southampton adalah City of Southampton Sunday Football League dan Liga Bola Sepak Southampton dan Daerah Ahad. <> Liga liga tempatan Southampton mempunyai apa hari minggu dalam nama mereka? || Ahad <> Berapa banyak liga bola sepak tempatan yang dilakukan oleh Southampton? || dua <> Apa nama liga tempatan dengan \"City\" dalam namanya? || City of Southampton League Football League <> Apakah nama liga tempatan dengan \"Daerah\" dalam namanya? || Southampton dan Daerah Liga Bola Sepak Ahad", {"qas": [{"question": "Local Southampton football leagues have what day of the week in their names?", "id": "56f8c2519e9bad19000a0446", "answers": [{"text": "Sunday", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many local Sunday football leagues does Southampton have? ", "id": "56f8c2519e9bad19000a0447", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the name of the local league with \"City\" in its name?", "id": "56f8c2519e9bad19000a0448", "answers": [{"text": "City of Southampton Sunday Football League", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the name of the the local league with \"District\" in its name?", "id": "56f8c2519e9bad19000a0449", "answers": [{"text": "Southampton and District Sunday Football League", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The two local Sunday Leagues in the Southampton area are the City of Southampton Sunday Football League and the Southampton and District Sunday Football League."}], ["Bandar ini adalah rumah atau tempat kelahiran kepada beberapa pemuzik kontemporari seperti penyanyi R'n'B Craig David, pemain drum Coldplay Will Champion, bekas penyanyi Holloways Rob Skipper dan popstar Howard Jones pada tahun 1980-an. Beberapa kumpulan rock dibentuk di Southampton, termasuk Band of Skulls, The Delays, Bury Tomorrow, Heart in Hand, Thomas Tantrum (dibubarkan pada tahun 2011) dan Kids Can not Fly (dibubarkan pada tahun 2014). James Zabiela, nama terkenal dalam muzik tarian, juga berasal dari Southampton. <> Apa penyanyi RnB yang popular berasal dari Southampton? || Craig David <> Apa nama pemain drum Coldplay dari Southampton? || Akan Juara <> Kumpulan apa yang Southampton mengayunkan Rob Skipper? || Holloways <> Apa band yang pecah pada tahun 2014 terbentuk di Southampton? || Kanak-kanak Tidak Boleh Terbang <> Genre muzik apa yang diketahui oleh James Zabiela? || tarian", {"qas": [{"question": "What popular RnB singer hails from Southampton?", "id": "56f8bb289e9bad19000a03cf", "answers": [{"text": "Craig David", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the name of the Coldplay drummer from Southampton?", "id": "56f8bb289e9bad19000a03d0", "answers": [{"text": "Will Champion", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group did Southampton's Rob Skipper sing for?", "id": "56f8bb289e9bad19000a03d1", "answers": [{"text": "Holloways", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What band that broke up in 2014 was formed in Southampton?", "id": "56f8bb289e9bad19000a03d2", "answers": [{"text": "Kids Can't Fly", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre of music is James Zabiela known for?", "id": "56f8bb289e9bad19000a03d3", "answers": [{"text": "dance", "answer_start": 456}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city is home or birthplace to a number of contemporary musicians such as R'n'B singer Craig David, Coldplay drummer Will Champion, former Holloways singer Rob Skipper as well as 1980s popstar Howard Jones. Several rock bands were formed in Southampton, including Band of Skulls, The Delays, Bury Tomorrow, Heart in Hand, Thomas Tantrum (disbanded in 2011) and Kids Can't Fly (disbanded in 2014). James Zabiela, a highly regarded and recognised name in dance music, is also from Southampton."}], ["Southampton juga mempunyai 2 stesen radio FM komuniti, Pemenang Anugerah Pemenang Radio Komuniti Unity 101 (www.unity101.org) penyiaran sepenuh masa pada 101.1 FM sejak 2006 kepada masyarakat Asia dan etnik, dan Voice FM (http: // www. voicefmradio.co.uk) terletak di St Mary's, yang telah menyiarkan sepenuh masa pada 103.9 FM sejak September 2011, memainkan pelbagai muzik dari muzik Rock to Dance dan Top 40. Stesen ketiga, Awaaz FM (www.awaazfm .co.uk), adalah sebuah stesen radio internet sahaja yang juga memenuhi keperluan masyarakat Asia dan etnik. <> Berapa banyak stesen radio FM di Southampton? || 2 <> Apakah stesen FM tempatan memenangi Anugerah Queens? || Radio Komuniti Perpaduan 101", {"qas": [{"question": "How many community FM radio stations are there in Southampton?", "id": "56f8bcbf9e9bad19000a03e7", "answers": [{"text": "2", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What local FM station won the Queens Award?", "id": "56f8bcbf9e9bad19000a03e8", "answers": [{"text": "Unity 101 Community Radio", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton also has 2 community FM radio stations, the Queens Award winning Unity 101 Community Radio (www.unity101.org) broadcasting full-time on 101.1 FM since 2006 to the Asian and Ethnic communities, and Voice FM (http://www.voicefmradio.co.uk) located in St Mary's, which has been broadcasting full-time on 103.9 FM since September 2011, playing a wide range of music from Rock to Dance music and Top 40. A third station, Awaaz FM (www.awaazfm.co.uk), is an internet only radio stations also catering for Asian and Ethnic community."}], ["Hampshire County Cricket Club bermain berdekatan dengan bandar, di Rose Bowl di West End, sebelum bermain di Cricket Ground dan Antelope Ground, kedua-duanya dekat pusat bandar. Terdapat juga Southampton Evening Cricket League. <> Di mana tempat bermain Hampshire County Cricket Club bermain? || Rose Bowl <> Apa bahagian bandar ini Rose Bowl? || West End <> Selain Cricket Ground County, apa lagi kriket yang digunakan oleh Kelab Cricket Hampshire County untuk bermain? || Antelope Ground <> Selain Hampshire County Cricket Club, apakah nama liga kriket lain di Southampton? || Southampton Evening Cricket League", {"qas": [{"question": "At what venue does the Hampshire County Cricket Club play?", "id": "56f8c3489e9bad19000a044e", "answers": [{"text": "the Rose Bowl", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of the city is the Rose Bowl in?", "id": "56f8c3489e9bad19000a044f", "answers": [{"text": "West End", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides the County Cricket Ground, at what other cricket ground did the Hampshire County Cricket Club used to play?", "id": "56f8c3489e9bad19000a0450", "answers": [{"text": "the Antelope Ground", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides the Hampshire County Cricket Club, what's the name of the other cricket league in Southampton?", "id": "56f8c3489e9bad19000a0451", "answers": [{"text": "the Southampton Evening Cricket League", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hampshire County Cricket Club play close to the city, at the Rose Bowl in West End, after previously playing at the County Cricket Ground and the Antelope Ground, both near the city centre. There is also the Southampton Evening Cricket League."}], ["Bandar ini juga disediakan dengan baik dalam ragbi lelaki dan wanita amatur dengan beberapa pasukan di dalam dan di sekitar bandar, yang tertua adalah Trojans RFC yang dinaikkan pangkat ke London South West 2 division pada 2008/9. Bekas bekas pemain terkenal ialah Anthony Allen, yang bermain dengan Leicester Tigers sebagai pusat. Tottonians juga berada di London South West divisyen 2 dan Southampton RFC berada di bahagian Hampshire 1 pada 2009/10, bersama Millbrook RFC dan Eastleigh RFC. Banyak pihak mengendalikan pasukan mini dan midi dari bawah tujuh hingga enam belas untuk kedua-dua lelaki dan perempuan. <> Apa pasukan ragbi tertua di Southampton? || Trojans RFC <> Pembahagian apa yang telah dipromosikan oleh Trojans RFC pada tahun 2008-9? || London South West 2 <> Apa pemain terkenal dari Trofi RFC juga bermain untuk Leicester Tigers? || Anthony Allen <> Apa kedudukan Allen bermain untuk Leicester Tigers? || tengah <> Pembahagian apa yang dimiliki oleh Tottonians? || London South West divisi 2", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the oldest rugby team in Southampton?", "id": "56f8c50f9e9bad19000a046a", "answers": [{"text": "Trojans RFC", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What division was Trojans RFC promoted to in 2008-9?", "id": "56f8c50f9e9bad19000a046b", "answers": [{"text": "London South West 2", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What famous player from Trojans RFC also played for the Leicester Tigers?", "id": "56f8c50f9e9bad19000a046c", "answers": [{"text": "Anthony Allen", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What position did Allen play for the Leicester Tigers?", "id": "56f8c50f9e9bad19000a046d", "answers": [{"text": "centre", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What division do the Tottonians belong to?", "id": "56f8c50f9e9bad19000a046e", "answers": [{"text": "London South West division 2", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city is also well provided for in amateur men's and women's rugby with a number of teams in and around the city, the oldest of which is Trojans RFC who were promoted to London South West 2 division in 2008/9. A notable former player is Anthony Allen, who played with Leicester Tigers as a centre. Tottonians are also in London South West division 2 and Southampton RFC are in Hampshire division 1 in 2009/10, alongside Millbrook RFC and Eastleigh RFC. Many of the sides run mini and midi teams from under sevens up to under sixteens for both boys and girls."}], ["Stesen radio komersil yang menyiarkan ke bandar termasuk The Breeze, sebelum ini The Saint dan kini menyiarkan muzik kontemporari dewasa Hot, Capital, sebelum ini Power FM dan Galaxy dan penyiaran muzik popular, Wave 105 dan Heart Hampshire, yang sebelum ini Ocean FM sebelum dan kedua penyiaran dewasa kontemporari muzik, dan 106 Jack FM (www.jackradio.com), sebelumnya The Coast 106. Di samping itu, Southampton University mempunyai stesen radio yang dipanggil SURGE, penyiaran di band AM serta melalui web. <> Apakah nama baru stesen yang dahulu dikenali sebagai The Saint? || The Breeze <> Apa genre muzik dimainkan di The Breeze? || Kontemporari dewasa panas <> Apakah nama lama Heart Hampshire? || Ocean FM <> Apa stesen radio Universiti Southampton dipanggil? || SURGE <> Apa jenis muzik yang dimainkan Wave 105? || kontemporari dewasa", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the new name of the station formerly known as The Saint?", "id": "56f8bfd99e9bad19000a0410", "answers": [{"text": "The Breeze", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What genre of music is played on The Breeze?", "id": "56f8bfd99e9bad19000a0411", "answers": [{"text": "Hot adult contemporary", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the old name of Heart Hampshire?", "id": "56f8bfd99e9bad19000a0412", "answers": [{"text": "Ocean FM", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's Southampton University's radio station called?", "id": "56f8bfd99e9bad19000a0413", "answers": [{"text": "SURGE", "answer_start": 456}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of music does Wave 105 play?", "id": "56f8bfd99e9bad19000a0414", "answers": [{"text": "adult contemporary", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Commercial radio stations broadcasting to the city include The Breeze, previously The Saint and currently broadcasting Hot adult contemporary music, Capital, previously Power FM and Galaxy and broadcasting popular music, Wave 105 and Heart Hampshire, the latter previously Ocean FM and both broadcasting adult contemporary music, and 106 Jack FM (www.jackradio.com), previously The Coast 106. In addition, Southampton University has a radio station called SURGE, broadcasting on AM band as well as through the web."}], ["Media tempatan termasuk akhbar Southern Daily Echo yang berpusat di Redbridge dan BBC South, yang mempunyai ibu pejabat serantau di pusat bandar bertentangan dengan pusat sivik. Dari sana siaran BBC South Today, buletin berita televisyen tempatan dan BBC Radio Solent. Francais ITV tempatan adalah Meridian, yang mempunyai ibu pejabatnya di Whiteley, sekitar sembilan batu (14 km) dari bandar. Sehingga Disember 2004, studio stesen itu terletak di kawasan Northam di bandar atas tanah yang ditebus dari Sungai Itchen. That's Solent adalah saluran televisyen tempatan yang mula menyiarkan pada bulan November 2014, yang akan berpusat di dan berkhidmat di Southampton dan Portsmouth. <> Apa program dengan arahan dalam namanya menyiarkan siaran BBC dari Southampton? || South Today <> Apa nama bahagian ITV tempatan? || Meridian <> Di manakah ibu pejabat Meridian terletak? || Whiteley <> Apakah saluran televisyen tempatan untuk Southampton dipanggil? || Itulah Solen <> Menjelang akhir tahun apa itu Solen mula menyiarkan? || 2014", {"qas": [{"question": "What program with a direction in its name does the BBC broadcast from Southampton?", "id": "56f8bc049b226e1400dd0ed9", "answers": [{"text": "South Today", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the name of the local ITV division?", "id": "56f8bc049b226e1400dd0eda", "answers": [{"text": "Meridian", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Meridian headquarters located?", "id": "56f8bc049b226e1400dd0edb", "answers": [{"text": "Whiteley", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the local television channel for Southampton called?", "id": "56f8bc049b226e1400dd0edc", "answers": [{"text": "That's Solent", "answer_start": 517}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Towards the end of what year did That's Solent begin broadcasting?", "id": "56f8bc049b226e1400dd0edd", "answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 598}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Local media include the Southern Daily Echo newspaper based in Redbridge and BBC South, which has its regional headquarters in the city centre opposite the civic centre. From there the BBC broadcasts South Today, the local television news bulletin and BBC Radio Solent. The local ITV franchise is Meridian, which has its headquarters in Whiteley, around nine miles (14 km) from the city. Until December 2004, the station's studios were located in the Northam area of the city on land reclaimed from the River Itchen. That's Solent is an local television channel that began broadcasting in November 2014, which will be based in and serve Southampton and Portsmouth."}], ["Southampton adalah rumah kepada Kelab Bola Sepak Southampton yang digelar \"The Saints\" - yang bermain di Liga Perdana di Stadium St Mary, setelah berpindah pada tahun 2001 dari stadium bekas mereka yang berusia 103 tahun, \"The Dell\". Mereka sampai ke puncak bola sepak Inggeris (Bahagian Pertama) untuk kali pertama pada tahun 1966, tinggal di sana selama lapan tahun. Mereka mengangkat Piala FA dengan kejutan ke atas Manchester United pada tahun 1976, kembali ke penerbangan teratas dua tahun kemudian, dan tinggal di sana selama 27 tahun (menjadi anggota pengasas Liga Perdana pada 1992) sebelum mereka diturunkan pada tahun 2005. Kelab telah dinaikkan pangkat ke Liga Perdana pada tahun 2012 berikutan mantera singkat dalam kesulitan kewangan peringkat ketiga dan teruk. Pada tahun 2015, \"The Saints\" menduduki tempat ke-7 dalam Liga Perdana, perlawanan liga tertinggi mereka dalam 30 tahun, selepas musim yang luar biasa di bawah pengurus baru, Ronald Koeman. Kedudukan liga tertinggi mereka pada tahun 1984 ketika mereka menjadi pelari di Divisi Pertama. Mereka juga menjadi pelari di final Piala Liga 1979 dan final Piala FA pada tahun 2003. Bekas pengurus terkenal termasuk Ted Bates, Lawrie McMenemy, Chris Nicholl, Ian Branfoot dan Gordon Strachan. Terdapat persaingan yang kuat antara Portsmouth F.C. (\"Derby South Coast\") yang terletak hanya kira-kira 30 km (19 mi) jauhnya. <> Apa nama julukan Kelab Bola Sepak Southampton? || The Saints <> Apa stadium telah menjadi rumah kepada The Saints sejak tahun 2001? || St Mary's Stadium <> Apa tahun pertama Kelab Bola Sepak Southampton mencapai tahap teratas sepakbola Inggeris? || 1966 <> Siapa yang mengalahkan The Saint pada tahun 1976 untuk memenangi Piala FA? || Manchester United <> Apa liga yang dibuat Kelab Bola Sepak Southampton menjadi pengasas pada tahun 1992? || Liga Perdana", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the nickname of the Southampton Football Club?", "id": "56f8c15c9e9bad19000a0424", "answers": [{"text": "The Saints", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What stadium has been home to The Saints since 2001?", "id": "56f8c15c9e9bad19000a0425", "answers": [{"text": "St Mary's Stadium", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Southampton Football Club first reach the top level of English football?", "id": "56f8c15c9e9bad19000a0426", "answers": [{"text": "1966", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did The Saints beat in 1976 to win the FA Cup?", "id": "56f8c15c9e9bad19000a0427", "answers": [{"text": "Manchester United", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What league did Southampton Football Club become founding members of in 1992? ", "id": "56f8c15c9e9bad19000a0428", "answers": [{"text": "the Premier League", "answer_start": 505}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton is home to Southampton Football Club\u2014nicknamed \"The Saints\"\u2014who play in the Premier League at St Mary's Stadium, having relocated in 2001 from their 103-year-old former stadium, \"The Dell\". They reached the top flight of English football (First Division) for the first time in 1966, staying there for eight years. They lifted the FA Cup with a shock victory over Manchester United in 1976, returned to the top flight two years later, and stayed there for 27 years (becoming founder members of the Premier League in 1992) before they were relegated in 2005. The club was promoted back to the Premier League in 2012 following a brief spell in the third-tier and severe financial difficulties. In 2015, \"The Saints\" finished 7th in the Premier League, their highest league finish in 30 years, after a remarkable season under new manager Ronald Koeman. Their highest league position came in 1984 when they were runners-up in the old First Division. They were also runners-up in the 1979 Football League Cup final and 2003 FA Cup final. Notable former managers include Ted Bates, Lawrie McMenemy, Chris Nicholl, Ian Branfoot and Gordon Strachan. There is a strong rivalry between Portsmouth F.C. (\"South Coast derby\") which is located only about 30 km (19 mi) away."}], ["Perlindungan api Southampton disediakan oleh Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service. Terdapat tiga stesen api di sempadan bandar di St Mary, Hightown dan Redbridge. <> Siapa yang menangani kebakaran di Southampton? || Perkhidmatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Hampshire <> Berapa banyak stesen kebakaran yang terdapat di sempadan bandar Southampton? || tiga <> Bersama dengan Hightown dan Redbridge, apakah stesen kebakaran ketiga di Southampton? || St Mary's", {"qas": [{"question": "Who handles fires in Southampton?", "id": "56f8c9c59e9bad19000a04ea", "answers": [{"text": "Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many fire stations are there in Southampton city limits?", "id": "56f8c9c59e9bad19000a04eb", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Hightown and Redbridge, what's the third fire station in Southampton?", "id": "56f8c9c59e9bad19000a04ec", "answers": [{"text": "St Mary's", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton's fire cover is provided by Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service. There are three fire stations within the city boundaries at St Mary's, Hightown and Redbridge."}], ["Southampton juga merupakan salah satu pasukan Kolej Amerika Syarikat yang paling berjaya di UK, Southampton Stags, yang bermain di Kemudahan Sukan Wide Lane di Eastleigh. <> Apa pasukan pasukan Bola Sepak Amerika yang memanggil rumah Southampton? || Southampton Stags <> Di tempat sukan mana yang bermain Southampton Stags? || Kemudahan Sukan Wide Lane <> Di mana Kemudahan Sukan Wide Lane terletak? || Eastleigh", {"qas": [{"question": "What College American Football team calls Southampton home?", "id": "56f8c85a9b226e1400dd0fd9", "answers": [{"text": "Southampton Stags", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what sports venue do the Southampton Stags play?", "id": "56f8c85a9b226e1400dd0fda", "answers": [{"text": "Wide Lane Sports Facility", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Wide Lane Sports Facility located?", "id": "56f8c85a9b226e1400dd0fdb", "answers": [{"text": "Eastleigh", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton is also home to one of the most successful College American Football teams in the UK, the Southampton Stags, who play at the Wide Lane Sports Facility in Eastleigh."}], ["Bandar ini mempunyai sektor pendidikan tinggi yang tinggi. University of Southampton dan Southampton University Solent bersama-sama mempunyai populasi pelajar lebih daripada 40,000. <> Adakah sektor pendidikan tinggi Southampton lemah atau kuat? || kuat <> Apakah gabungan penduduk pelajar dua universiti utama di Southampton? || lebih daripada 40,000 <> Apa nama institusi pengajian tinggi dengan \"Solent\" dalam namanya? || Southampton Solent University", {"qas": [{"question": "Is Southampton's higher education sector weak or strong?", "id": "56f8cbee9e9bad19000a050e", "answers": [{"text": "strong", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the combined student population of the two major universities in Southampton?", "id": "56f8cbee9e9bad19000a050f", "answers": [{"text": "over 40,000", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the name of the institution of higher learning with \"Solent\" in its name?", "id": "56f8cbee9e9bad19000a0510", "answers": [{"text": "Southampton Solent University", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city has a strong higher education sector. The University of Southampton and Southampton Solent University together have a student population of over 40,000."}], ["Southampton Solent University mempunyai 17,000 pelajar dan kekuatannya dalam latihan, reka bentuk, perundingan, penyelidikan dan perkhidmatan lain yang dijalankan untuk perniagaan dan industri. Ia juga menjadi tuan rumah kepada Akademi Maritim Warsash, yang menyediakan latihan dan pensijilan bagi industri perkapalan antarabangsa dan luar pesisir. <> Berapa ramai pelajar menghadiri University Solent University? || 17,000 <> Apa akademi khusus yang mengendalikan tuan rumah Southampton Solent University? || Akademi Maritim Warsash <> Sebagai tambahan kepada perkapalan antarabangsa, apa industri lain yang Akademi Maritim Warsash menyediakan pelajar? || minyak off-shore", {"qas": [{"question": "How many students attend Southampton Solent University?", "id": "56f8ce109b226e1400dd1037", "answers": [{"text": "17,000", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What specialized academy does Southampton Solent University host?", "id": "56f8ce109b226e1400dd1038", "answers": [{"text": "Warsash Maritime Academy", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to international shipping, what other industry does the Warsash Maritime Academy prepare students for?", "id": "56f8ce109b226e1400dd1039", "answers": [{"text": "off-shore oil", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton Solent University has 17,000 students and its strengths are in the training, design, consultancy, research and other services undertaken for business and industry. It is also host to the Warsash Maritime Academy, which provides training and certification for the international shipping and off-shore oil industries."}], ["Selain bentuk keenam sekolah di St Anne dan King Edward terdapat dua kolej bentuk keenam: Itchen College dan Richard Taunton College Form Sixth. Sejumlah murid Southampton akan pergi ke luar bandar, contohnya ke Kolej Barton Peveril. Southampton City College adalah sebuah kolej pendidikan lanjut yang berkhidmat di bandar ini. Kolej ini menawarkan pelbagai kursus vokasional untuk lepasan sekolah, serta program ESOL dan kursus Akses untuk pelajar dewasa. <> Berapa banyak kolej kolej yang berdiri sendiri di Southampton? || dua <> Kolej pendidikan lanjut apa yang menawarkan kursus vokasional dan program ESOL? || Southampton City College <> Apa kursus yang ditawarkan Southampton City College kepada pelajar dewasa? || Akses kursus <> Apa universiti dengan inisial BPC di luar bandar tetapi masih popular dengan pelajar dari Southampton? || Barton Peveril College <> Apakah bentuk keenam kolej yang dinamakan sempena seseorang? || Richard Taunton College Form Sixth", {"qas": [{"question": "How many standalone sixth form colleges are there in Southampton?", "id": "56f8cf869b226e1400dd1051", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What college of further education offers vocational courses and ESOL programs?", "id": "56f8cf869b226e1400dd1052", "answers": [{"text": "Southampton City College", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What courses does Southampton City College offer to adult students?", "id": "56f8cf869b226e1400dd1053", "answers": [{"text": "Access courses", "answer_start": 429}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What college with the initials BPC is outside of the city but still popular with students from Southampton?", "id": "56f8cf869b226e1400dd1054", "answers": [{"text": "Barton Peveril College", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the sixth form college named after a person?", "id": "56f8cf869b226e1400dd1055", "answers": [{"text": "Richard Taunton Sixth Form College", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In addition to school sixth forms at St Anne's and King Edward's there are two sixth form colleges: Itchen College and Richard Taunton Sixth Form College. A number of Southampton pupils will travel outside the city, for example to Barton Peveril College. Southampton City College is a further education college serving the city. The college offers a range of vocational courses for school leavers, as well as ESOL programmes and Access courses for adult learners."}], ["Bandar ini juga mempunyai Pusat Sukan Southampton yang menjadi tumpuan bagi aktiviti sukan dan luaran awam dan termasuk Pusat Alpine, taman tema dan pusat olahraga yang digunakan oleh atlet profesional. Dengan penambahan 11 venures masa lapang tambahan yang kini dijalankan oleh eksekutif pelarian Majlis. Walau bagaimanapun, ini telah dijual hak operasi untuk \"Park Wood Leisure.\" <> Kemudahan apa yang menjadi pusat sukan awam dan aktiviti luar di Southampton? || Pusat Sukan Southampton <> Berapa banyak tempat riadah tambahan yang dikendalikan oleh eksekutif Majlis? || 11 <> Apa syarikat yang menjalankan eksekutif pelarian Majlis menjual hak operasi? || Park Wood Leisure", {"qas": [{"question": "What facility is the center of Southampton's public sports and outdoor activities?", "id": "56f8c6e09b226e1400dd0fa5", "answers": [{"text": "Southampton Sports Centre", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many additional leisure venues are run by Council executives?", "id": "56f8c6e09b226e1400dd0fa6", "answers": [{"text": "11", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company did the Council leisure executives sell operating rights to?", "id": "56f8c6e09b226e1400dd0fa7", "answers": [{"text": "Park Wood Leisure", "answer_start": 399}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city also has the Southampton Sports Centre which is the focal point for the public's sporting and outdoor activities and includes an Alpine Centre, theme park and athletics centre which is used by professional athletes. With the addition of 11 other additional leisure venures which are currently operate by the Council leisure executives. However these have been sold the operating rights to \"Park Wood Leisure.\""}], ["Southampton dinamakan \"bandar paling kuat di UK\" pada tahun 2006 oleh majalah Lelaki Fitness. Hasilnya didasarkan pada kejadian penyakit jantung, jumlah makanan ringan dan alkohol yang digunakan, dan tahap keahlian gim. Pada tahun 2007, ia telah merosot satu tempat di belakang London, tetapi masih menduduki tempat pertama apabila ia datang ke taman-taman dan ruang hijau yang tersedia untuk latihan dan jumlah televisyen yang disaksikan oleh Sotonians adalah yang paling rendah di negara ini. Perlumbaan Speedway berlaku di Stadium Banister Court pada era pra-perang. Ia kembali pada tahun 1940-an selepas WW2 dan Saints dikendalikan sehingga stadium ditutup pada akhir tahun 1963. Sebuah trek latihan yang beroperasi pada tahun 1950-an di kawasan Hamble. <> Apa majalah yang dianugerahkan Southampton \"bandar paling kuat di UK\" pada tahun 2006? || Kecergasan Lelaki <> Berapa banyak tempat Southampton kalah dalam kedudukan \"bandar paling hebat\" untuk tahun 2007? || satu <> Siapa yang \"bandar paling kuat di UK\" menjelang Southampton pada tahun 2007? || London <> Semasa tempoh pra-perang, di mana perlumbaan laju diadakan? || Stadium Banister Court <> Tahun apakah Stadium Banister Court menutup pintu untuk kebaikan? || 1963", {"qas": [{"question": "What magazine awarded Southampton \"fittest city in the UK\" in 2006?", "id": "56f8c7d79e9bad19000a04b4", "answers": [{"text": "Men's Fitness", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many spots did Southampton lose in the \"fittest city\" rankings for 2007?", "id": "56f8c7d79e9bad19000a04b5", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the \"fittest city in the UK\" ahead of Southampton in 2007?", "id": "56f8c7d79e9bad19000a04b6", "answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the pre-war period, where was speedway racing held?", "id": "56f8c7d79e9bad19000a04b7", "answers": [{"text": "Banister Court Stadium", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Banister Court Stadium close its doors for good?", "id": "56f8c7d79e9bad19000a04b8", "answers": [{"text": "1963", "answer_start": 618}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton was named \"fittest city in the UK\" in 2006 by Men's Fitness magazine. The results were based on the incidence of heart disease, the amount of junk food and alcohol consumed, and the level of gym membership. In 2007, it had slipped one place behind London, but was still ranked first when it came to the parks and green spaces available for exercise and the amount of television watched by Sotonians was the lowest in the country. Speedway racing took place at Banister Court Stadium in the pre-war era. It returned in the 1940s after WW2 and the Saints operated until the stadium closed down at the end of 1963. A training track operated in the 1950s in the Hamble area."}], ["Perkhidmatan polis Southampton disediakan oleh Hampshire Constabulary. Pangkalan utama operasi Southampton adalah sebuah bangunan yang dibangunkan dengan lapan tingkat yang bernilai \u00a3 30 juta. Bangunan itu, yang terletak di Southern Road, dibuka pada tahun 2011 dan berhampiran dengan stesen keretapi Southampton Central. Sebelum ini, operasi Southampton tengah terletak di sayap barat Pusat Sivik, namun kemudahan penuaan dan rancangan membina sebuah muzium baru di balai polis lama dan mahkamah majistret memerlukan langkah itu. Terdapat stesen polis tambahan di Portswood, Banister Park, Bitterne, dan Shirley serta stesen Polis Pengangkutan British di stesen keretapi Southampton Central. <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab untuk mengawasi Southampton? || Hampshire Constabulary <> Berapakah kos untuk membina pangkalan operasi perkhidmatan polis Southampton? || \u00a3 30 juta <> Di mana jalan di Southampton adalah ibu pejabat polis untuk bandar? || Jalan Selatan <> Berapa tahun apakah ibu pejabat polis yang baru berumur lapan tingkat terbuka? || 2011 <> Stesen kereta api apa yang berdekatan dengan bangunan polis? || Southampton Central", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is responsible for policing Southampton?", "id": "56f8c9389b226e1400dd0fe9", "answers": [{"text": "Hampshire Constabulary", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did it cost to build the operations base of Southampton's police service?", "id": "56f8c9389b226e1400dd0fea", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a330 million", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what street in Southampton is the police headquarters for the city?", "id": "56f8c9389b226e1400dd0feb", "answers": [{"text": "Southern Road", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the brand new, eight-story police headquarters open?", "id": "56f8c9389b226e1400dd0fec", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What train station is close to the police force's building?", "id": "56f8c9389b226e1400dd0fed", "answers": [{"text": "Southampton Central", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton's police service is provided by Hampshire Constabulary. The main base of the Southampton operation is a new, eight storey purpose-built building which cost \u00a330 million to construct. The building, located on Southern Road, opened in 2011 and is near to Southampton Central railway station. Previously, the central Southampton operation was located within the west wing of the Civic Centre, however the ageing facilities and the plans of constructing a new museum in the old police station and magistrates court necessitated the move. There are additional police stations at Portswood, Banister Park, Bitterne, and Shirley as well as a British Transport Police station at Southampton Central railway station."}], ["Universiti Southampton, yang ditubuhkan pada tahun 1862 dan menerima Piagam Diraja sebagai universiti pada tahun 1952, mempunyai lebih 22,000 pelajar. Universiti ini menduduki ranking tertinggi di 100 universiti penyelidikan di dunia dalam Peringkat Akademik Universiti Dunia 2010. Pada tahun 2010, THES - QS World University Rankings menempatkan University of Southampton di 80 universiti teratas di dunia. Universiti ini menganggap dirinya salah satu daripada 5 universiti penyelidikan teratas di UK. Universiti ini mempunyai reputasi global untuk penyelidikan ke sains kejuruteraan, oseanografi, kimia, sains kanser, penyelidikan bunyi dan getaran, sains komputer dan elektronik, optoelektronik dan pemuliharaan tekstil di Pusat Pemeliharaan Tekstil (yang akan ditutup pada Oktober 2009). juga merupakan rumah kepada Pusat Oseanografi Nasional, Southampton (NOCS), fokus penyelidikan marin yang dibiayai Majlis Penyelidikan Alam Sekitar Alam Sekitar. <> Tahun apa yang ditubuhkan oleh University of Southampton? || 1862 <> Bilakah University of Southampton menerima jawatan universiti oleh rasmi Royal Charter? || 1952 <> University of Southampton mempunyai lebih daripada bilangan pelajar yang hadir? || 22,000 <> Apa pusat penyelidikan di University of Southampton disingkat NOCS? || Pusat Oseanografi Nasional, Southampton <> Organisasi apa yang menduduki University of Southampton di 80 universiti teratas di seluruh dunia pada tahun 2010? || THES - QS World University Rankings", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was the University of Southampton founded?", "id": "56f8cd169e9bad19000a052e", "answers": [{"text": "1862", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the University of Southampton receive university designation by official Royal Charter?", "id": "56f8cd169e9bad19000a052f", "answers": [{"text": "1952", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The University of Southampton has more than what number of students attending?", "id": "56f8cd169e9bad19000a0530", "answers": [{"text": "22,000", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What research centre at the University of Southampton is abbreviated NOCS?", "id": "56f8cd169e9bad19000a0531", "answers": [{"text": "National Oceanography Centre, Southampton", "answer_start": 804}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization ranked the University of Southampton in the top 80 universities worldwide in 2010?", "id": "56f8cd169e9bad19000a0532", "answers": [{"text": "THES - QS World University Rankings", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The University of Southampton, which was founded in 1862 and received its Royal Charter as a university in 1952, has over 22,000 students. The university is ranked in the top 100 research universities in the world in the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2010. In 2010, the THES - QS World University Rankings positioned the University of Southampton in the top 80 universities in the world. The university considers itself one of the top 5 research universities in the UK. The university has a global reputation for research into engineering sciences, oceanography, chemistry, cancer sciences, sound and vibration research, computer science and electronics, optoelectronics and textile conservation at the Textile Conservation Centre (which is due to close in October 2009.) It is also home to the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOCS), the focus of Natural Environment Research Council-funded marine research."}], ["Menurut Hampshire Constabulary figures, Southampton kini lebih selamat berbanding sebelum ini, dengan pengurangan dramatik dalam tahun jenayah ganas pada tahun untuk tiga tahun yang lalu. Data dari Southampton Safer City Partnership menunjukkan terdapat penurunan dalam semua jenayah dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini dan peningkatan kadar pengesanan jenayah. Mengikut statistik kerajaan Southampton mempunyai kadar jenayah yang lebih tinggi daripada purata negara. Terdapat beberapa kontroversi mengenai statistikal kejahatan perbandingan kerana ketidakkonsistenan antara pasukan polis yang berlainan dengan kaedah rekod. Sebagai contoh, di Hampshire semua insiden yang dilaporkan direkodkan dan semua rekod disimpan. Walau bagaimanapun, laporan kejahatan Dorset yang berdekatan ditarik balik atau ditunjukkan palsu tidak direkodkan, mengurangkan angka jenayah yang jelas. Dalam keganasan terhadap kategori orang, purata negara adalah 16.7 bagi setiap 1000 penduduk manakala Southampton adalah 42.4 bagi setiap 1,000 penduduk. Dalam kecurian dari kategori kenderaan, purata negara adalah 7.6 per 1000 berbanding dengan 28.4 per 1000 di Southampton. Secara keseluruhan, bagi setiap 1,000 orang di bandar, 202 jenayah dicatatkan. Angka Hampshire Hampshire untuk 2009/10 memperlihatkan lebih sedikit insiden jenayah yang direkodkan di Southampton berbanding tahun sebelumnya. <> Berapa banyak jenayah keseluruhan dilaporkan untuk setiap 1,000 orang di Southampton? || 202 <> Adakah Perbendaharaan Hampshire mencatatkan lebih sedikit atau lebih insiden jenayah pada 2009/10 berbanding tahun sebelumnya? || kurang <> Berapa tahun berturut-turut telah jenayah kekerasan di Southampton menurun? || Tiga <> Adakah kadar jenayah Southampton lebih tinggi atau lebih rendah daripada purata kebangsaan? || lebih tinggi <> Perangkaan mana yang dibahaskan kerana cara berlainan polis pasukan mencatatkan jenayah? || statistikal kejahatan perbandingan", {"qas": [{"question": "How many crimes overall are reported for each 1,000 people in Southampton?", "id": "56f8cb159b226e1400dd1013", "answers": [{"text": "202", "answer_start": 1106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Did Hampshire Constabulary record fewer or more crime incidents in 2009/10 than the year before?", "id": "56f8cb159b226e1400dd1014", "answers": [{"text": "fewer", "answer_start": 1181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For how many consecutive years has violent crime in Southampton decreased?", "id": "56f8cb159b226e1400dd1015", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is Southampton's crime rate higher or lower than the national average?", "id": "56f8cb159b226e1400dd1016", "answers": [{"text": "higher", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which statistics are debated because of the different ways various police forces record crime?", "id": "56f8cb159b226e1400dd1017", "answers": [{"text": "comparative crime statisitics", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to Hampshire Constabulary figures, Southampton is currently safer than it has ever been before, with dramatic reductions in violent crime year on year for the last three years. Data from the Southampton Safer City Partnership shows there has been a reduction in all crimes in recent years and an increase in crime detection rates. According to government figures Southampton has a higher crime rate than the national average. There is some controversy regarding comparative crime statisitics due to inconsistencies between different police forces recording methodologies. For example, in Hampshire all reported incidents are recorded and all records then retained. However, in neighbouring Dorset crimes reports withdrawn or shown to be false are not recorded, reducing apparent crime figures. In the violence against the person category, the national average is 16.7 per 1000 population while Southampton is 42.4 per 1000 population. In the theft from a vehicle category, the national average is 7.6 per 1000 compared to Southampton's 28.4 per 1000. Overall, for every 1,000 people in the city, 202 crimes are recorded. Hampshire Constabulary's figures for 2009/10 show fewer incidents of recorded crime in Southampton than the previous year."}], ["Pada masa-masa tertentu tahun ini, The Queen Mary 2, Queen Elizabeth dan Queen Victoria semua boleh melawat Southampton pada masa yang sama, dalam satu acara yang biasa disebut 'Kedatangan Tiga Ratu'. <> Apa yang dipanggil Southampton acara apabila tiga kapal bernama selepas permaisuri semua melawat bandar? || Ketibaan Tiga Queens <> Antara \"Three Queens\" yang mempunyai nombor dalam namanya? || Queen Mary 2 <> Bersama dengan Queen Mary 2 dan Queen Victoria, yang ketiga kapal mesti hadir untuk 'Kedatangan Tiga Ratu'? || Ratu Elizabeth", {"qas": [{"question": "What does Southampton call the event when three ships named after queens all visit the city?", "id": "56f8dcbe9e9bad19000a061a", "answers": [{"text": "Arrival of the Three Queens", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of the \"Three Queens\" has a number in its name?", "id": "56f8dcbe9e9bad19000a061b", "answers": [{"text": "Queen Mary 2", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Queen Mary 2 and Queen Victoria, which third ship must be present for the 'Arrival of the Three Queens'?", "id": "56f8dcbe9e9bad19000a061c", "answers": [{"text": "Queen Elizabeth", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At certain times of the year, The Queen Mary 2, Queen Elizabeth and Queen Victoria may all visit Southampton at the same time, in an event commonly called 'Arrival of the Three Queens'."}], ["Pekan ini adalah subjek percubaan oleh sebuah syarikat berasingan, Didcot, Newbury dan Southampton Railway, untuk membuka satu lagi laluan kereta api ke Utara pada tahun 1880-an dan beberapa kerja bangunan, termasuk tambak yang selamat, telah dijalankan di kawasan Hill Lane. <> Apa syarikat keretapi yang bersaing cuba membuka laluan kereta api pada tahun 1880-an? || Didcot, Newbury dan Southampton Railway <> Di mana arahnya Didcot, Newbury dan Southampton Railway ingin berkembang? || Utara <> Ciri apa yang terselamat di kawasan Hill Lane sebagai bukti kerja Didcot, Newbury dan Southampton? || tambak", {"qas": [{"question": "What competing railway company tried to open a rail route in the 1880s?", "id": "56f8d83e9e9bad19000a05da", "answers": [{"text": "Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which direction did the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway want to expand?", "id": "56f8d83e9e9bad19000a05db", "answers": [{"text": "North", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What feature survives in the Hill Lane area as evidence of the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway's work?", "id": "56f8d83e9e9bad19000a05dc", "answers": [{"text": "embankment", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The town was the subject of an attempt by a separate company, the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway, to open another rail route to the North in the 1880s and some building work, including a surviving embankment, was undertaken in the Hill Lane area."}], ["Banyak kapal pesiar terbesar di dunia boleh dilihat secara rutin di dalam air Southampton, termasuk kapal-kapal pemecah rekod dari Royal Caribbean dan Carnival Corporation & plc. Yang terakhir ini mempunyai ibu pejabat di Southampton, dengan jenamanya termasuk Princess Cruises, P & O Cruises dan Cunard Line. <> Apa laluan pelayarannya mempunyai ibu pejabat di Southampton? || Carnival Corporation & plc <> Selain Karnival, apa lagi taman pelayaran utama yang memecah rekod kapal pesiar di Southampton Water? || Royal Caribbean <> Sebagai tambahan kepada P & O Cruises dan Cunard Line, apa jenama lain Carnival Corporation sendiri? || Princess Cruises", {"qas": [{"question": "What cruise line has its headquarters in Southampton?", "id": "56f8da2e9b226e1400dd10ea", "answers": [{"text": "Carnival Corporation & plc", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides Carnival, what other major cruise line parks its record-breaking cruise ships in Southampton Water? ", "id": "56f8da2e9b226e1400dd10eb", "answers": [{"text": "Royal Caribbean", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to P&O Cruises and Cunard Line, what other brand does Carnival Corporation own?", "id": "56f8da2e9b226e1400dd10ec", "answers": [{"text": "Princess Cruises", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many of the world's largest cruise ships can regularly be seen in Southampton water, including record-breaking vessels from Royal Caribbean and Carnival Corporation & plc. The latter has headquarters in Southampton, with its brands including Princess Cruises, P&O Cruises and Cunard Line."}], ["Lebih 40 peratus murid sekolah di bandar yang bertindak balas terhadap sebuah kaji selidik yang mendakwa telah menjadi mangsa pembulian. Lebih daripada 2,000 mengambil bahagian dan mengatakan bahawa pembulian lisan adalah bentuk yang paling biasa, walaupun buli fizikal adalah detik yang kedua untuk kanak-kanak lelaki. <> Lebih daripada apa peratusan pelajar yang ditinjau berkata mereka telah dibuli? || 40 <> Berapa banyak murid mengambil kaji selidik membuli? || 2,000 <> Bentuk apa yang spesifik tentang pembulian itu menunjukkan persoalan yang paling biasa? || lisan <> Apakah bentuk buli kedua yang paling biasa yang dialami oleh lelaki yang mengambil kaji selidik itu? || fizikal", {"qas": [{"question": "More than what percentage of the students surveyed said they'd been bullied?", "id": "56f8d0349e9bad19000a0576", "answers": [{"text": "40", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many pupils took the bullying survey?", "id": "56f8d0349e9bad19000a0577", "answers": [{"text": "2,000", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What specific form of bullying did the survey show was most common?", "id": "56f8d0349e9bad19000a0578", "answers": [{"text": "verbal", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the second most common form of bullying experienced by boys who took the survey?", "id": "56f8d0349e9bad19000a0579", "answers": [{"text": "physical", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Over 40 per cent of school pupils in the city that responded to a survey claimed to have been the victim of bullying. More than 2,000 took part and said that verbal bullying was the most common form, although physical bullying was a close second for boys."}], ["Lapangan Terbang Southampton ialah lapangan terbang serantau yang terletak di bandar Eastleigh, di utara bandar. Ia menawarkan penerbangan ke destinasi UK dan berhampiran dengan Eropah, dan disambungkan ke bandar dengan perkhidmatan keretapi yang kerap dari stesen keretapi Lapangan Terbang Southampton (Parkway), dan dengan perkhidmatan bas. <> Di bandar apakah Lapangan Terbang Southampton terletak? || Eastleigh <> Apakah arahan yang akan dibimbing oleh Southampton ke lapangan terbang di Eastleigh? || utara <> Jika penumpang tidak mahu naik kereta api ke lapangan terbang, apakah pengangkutan lain yang ada? || bas <> Untuk melatih kereta api ke Lapangan Terbang Southampton, apa stesen kereta api yang perlu anda lalui? || Lapangan Terbang Southampton (Parkway)", {"qas": [{"question": "In what town is Southampton Airport located?", "id": "56f8d9209e9bad19000a05ea", "answers": [{"text": "Eastleigh", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What direction would one travel from Southampton to get to the airport in Eastleigh?", "id": "56f8d9209e9bad19000a05eb", "answers": [{"text": "north", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If passengers don't want to take a train to the airport, what other transport is available?", "id": "56f8d9209e9bad19000a05ec", "answers": [{"text": "bus", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To take a train to Southampton Airport, what railway station would you need to go through?", "id": "56f8d9209e9bad19000a05ed", "answers": [{"text": "Southampton Airport (Parkway)", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton Airport is a regional airport located in the town of Eastleigh, just north of the city. It offers flights to UK and near European destinations, and is connected to the city by a frequent rail service from Southampton Airport (Parkway) railway station, and by bus services."}], ["Southampton adalah pelabuhan utama UK yang mempunyai hubungan pengangkutan yang baik dengan seluruh negara. Lebuh raya M27, menghubungkan tempat-tempat di sepanjang pantai selatan England, hanya berjalan ke utara bandar raya. Lebuh raya M3 menghubungkan bandar ini ke London dan juga, melalui pautan ke A34 (bahagian laluan Eropah E05) di Winchester, dengan Midlands dan Utara. Lebuhraya M271 adalah merangsang M27, menghubungkannya dengan Docks Barat dan pusat bandar. <> Lebuh raya mana yang terletak di utara Southampton menghubungkan pantai selatan England? || M27 <> Lebuhraya yang mana menghubungkan Southampton ke London? || M3 <> Apa bandar yang terletak di A34 di mana M3 menghubungkan ke Utara dan Midlands? || Winchester <> Apa yang memacu M27 menghubungkannya ke pusat bandar Southampton dan Western Docks? || M271 <> Adakah laluan pengangkutan Southampton di seluruh UK baik atau buruk? || baik", {"qas": [{"question": "Which motorway located north of Southampton links up England's south coast?", "id": "56f8d3979e9bad19000a05a8", "answers": [{"text": "M27", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which motorway connects Southampton to London?", "id": "56f8d3979e9bad19000a05a9", "answers": [{"text": "M3", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city is located on the A34 where the M3 connects to the North and Midlands?", "id": "56f8d3979e9bad19000a05aa", "answers": [{"text": "Winchester", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What spur of the M27 connects it to Southampton's city centre and Western Docks?", "id": "56f8d3979e9bad19000a05ab", "answers": [{"text": "M271", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Are Southampton's transport routes around the UK good or bad?", "id": "56f8d3979e9bad19000a05ac", "answers": [{"text": "good", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton is a major UK port which has good transport links with the rest of the country. The M27 motorway, linking places along the south coast of England, runs just to the north of the city. The M3 motorway links the city to London and also, via a link to the A34 (part of the European route E05) at Winchester, with the Midlands and North. The M271 motorway is a spur of the M27, linking it with the Western Docks and city centre."}], ["Telah mendedahkan bahawa Southampton mempunyai sekolah menengah yang paling buruk di UK. Dengan kadar penggantungan tiga kali purata kebangsaan, kadar penggantungan adalah kira-kira 1 dalam setiap 14 kanak-kanak, yang tertinggi di negara ini untuk serangan fizikal atau lisan terhadap kakitangan. <> Tahap sekolah mana di Southampton adalah yang paling buruk di United Kingdom? || menengah <> Berapa kali purata nasional adalah kadar penggantungan di sekolah menengah Southampton? || Tiga <> Daripada setiap 14 pelajar, berapa ramai yang akan digantung dari sekolah? || 1 <> Sebagai tambahan kepada serangan fizikal, apakah serangan lain yang dilakukan oleh pelajar Southampton terhadap kakitangan lebih daripada di tempat lain di negara ini? || lisan", {"qas": [{"question": "Which level of schools in Southampton are the worst behaved in the UK?", "id": "56f8d2049b226e1400dd1083", "answers": [{"text": "secondary", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times the national average are the suspension rates at Southampton's secondary schools?", "id": "56f8d2049b226e1400dd1084", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Out of about every 14 students, how many will be suspended from school?", "id": "56f8d2049b226e1400dd1085", "answers": [{"text": "1", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to physical attacks, what other kind of assault do Southampton's students commit against staff more than anywhere else in the country?", "id": "56f8d2049b226e1400dd1086", "answers": [{"text": "verbal", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It has been revealed that Southampton has the worst behaved secondary schools within the UK. With suspension rates three times the national average, the suspension rate is approximately 1 in every 14 children, the highest in the country for physical or verbal assaults against staff."}], ["Southampton juga diselenggarakan oleh rangkaian rel, yang digunakan oleh perkhidmatan pengangkutan ke dan dari dok dan perkhidmatan penumpang sebagai sebahagian daripada sistem rel negara. Stesen utama di bandar adalah Southampton Central. Laluan kereta api menuju ke arah timur ke Portsmouth, ke utara ke Winchester, Midlands dan London, dan ke barat ke Bournemouth, Poole, Dorchester, Weymouth, Salisbury, Bristol dan Cardiff. Laluan ke London dibuka pada tahun 1840 oleh apa yang menjadi London dan South Railway Company. Kedua-dua ini dan penggantinya Southern Railway (UK) memainkan peranan penting dalam penciptaan pelabuhan moden berikutan pembelian dan pembangunan dermaga bandar mereka. <> Kereta api Southampton menyediakan perkhidmatan pengangkutan dan apa perkhidmatan penting lain? || perkhidmatan penumpang <> Apa nama stesen kereta api utama di Southampton? || Southampton Central <> Berangkat dari Southampton, bandar apa yang dihubungkan dengan kereta api? || Portsmouth <> Di manakah kereta api berjalan dari Southampton ke Winchester? || utara <> Pada tahun apakah laluan kereta api dari Southampton ke London terbuka? || 1840", {"qas": [{"question": "Southampton's railways provide freight services and what other important services?", "id": "56f8d4b69e9bad19000a05b2", "answers": [{"text": "passenger services", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the name of the main train station in Southampton?", "id": "56f8d4b69e9bad19000a05b3", "answers": [{"text": "Southampton Central", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Heading east from Southampton, what city is connected by rail?", "id": "56f8d4b69e9bad19000a05b4", "answers": [{"text": "Portsmouth", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which direction do trains run from Southampton to Winchester?", "id": "56f8d4b69e9bad19000a05b5", "answers": [{"text": "north", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the rail route from Southampton to London open?", "id": "56f8d4b69e9bad19000a05b6", "answers": [{"text": "1840", "answer_start": 434}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton is also served by the rail network, which is used both by freight services to and from the docks and passenger services as part of the national rail system. The main station in the city is Southampton Central. Rail routes run east towards Portsmouth, north to Winchester, the Midlands and London, and westwards to Bournemouth, Poole, Dorchester, Weymouth, Salisbury, Bristol and Cardiff. The route to London was opened in 1840 by what was to become the London and South Western Railway Company. Both this and its successor the Southern Railway (UK) played a significant role in the creation of the modern port following their purchase and development of the town's docks."}], ["Perkhidmatan kereta api tempatan beroperasi di bahagian tengah, selatan dan timur bandar dan dikendalikan oleh South West Trains, dengan stesen di Swaythling, St Denys, Millbrook, Redbridge, Bitterne, Sholing dan Woolston. Rancangan telah diumumkan oleh Majlis Hampshire County pada bulan Julai 2009 untuk pengenalan trem-kereta api yang berjalan dari Hythe (pada apa yang kini merupakan satu-satunya barisan barang ke Fawley) melalui Totton ke Stesen Sentral Southampton dan ke Fareham melalui St. Denys, dan Swanwick . Cadangan tersebut mengikuti pelan gagal untuk membawa kereta api ringan ke kawasan Portsmouth dan Gosport pada tahun 2005. <Selain daripada bahagian selatan dan timur Southampton, bahagian lain apa yang mempunyai perkhidmatan kereta api tempatan? || pusat <> Syarikat apa yang mengendalikan perkhidmatan kereta api tempatan Southampton? || South West Trains <> Apa organisasi mengumumkan rancangan untuk pengembangan kereta api di Southampton pada Julai 2009? || Hampshire County Council <> Dalam tahun apakah cadangan untuk mengembangkan perkhidmatan rel ringan ke Portsmouth dan Gosport gagal? || 2005 <> Apakah destinasi semasa barisan pengangkutan yang hanya digunakan Majlis County Hampshire untuk mengembangkan perkhidmatan penumpang? || Fawley", {"qas": [{"question": "In addition to the southern and eastern sections of Southampton, what other section has local train service?", "id": "56f8d6409e9bad19000a05bc", "answers": [{"text": "central", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company operates Southampton's local train service?", "id": "56f8d6409e9bad19000a05bd", "answers": [{"text": "South West Trains", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization announced plans for rail expansion in Southampton in July of 2009?", "id": "56f8d6409e9bad19000a05be", "answers": [{"text": "Hampshire County Council", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did a proposal to expand light rail service to Portsmouth and Gosport fail?", "id": "56f8d6409e9bad19000a05bf", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 565}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the current destination of the freight-only line the Hampshire County Council wants to use to expand passenger service?", "id": "56f8d6409e9bad19000a05c0", "answers": [{"text": "Fawley", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Local train services operate in the central, southern and eastern sections of the city and are operated by South West Trains, with stations at Swaythling, St Denys, Millbrook, Redbridge, Bitterne, Sholing and Woolston. Plans were announced by Hampshire County Council in July 2009 for the introduction of tram-train running from Hythe (on what is now a freight-only line to Fawley) via Totton to Southampton Central Station and on to Fareham via St. Denys, and Swanwick. The proposal follows a failed plan to bring light rail to the Portsmouth and Gosport areas in 2005."}], ["Bandar ini mempunyai sambungan tertentu ke Cunard Line dan armada kapal mereka. Ini amat jelas pada 11 November 2008 apabila perahu Cunard RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 berlepas ke bandar untuk kali terakhir di tengah-tengah paparan bunga api yang luar biasa selepas hari penuh sambutan. Kapal Cunard sentiasa dilancarkan di bandar, contohnya Ratu Victoria dinobatkan oleh HRH The Duchess of Cornwall pada bulan Disember 2007, dan Ratu yang bernama Queen Elizabeth di kota itu pada Oktober 2011. Duchess of Cambridge melakukan upacara menamakan Royal Princess pada 13 Jun 2013. <> Apa jenama kapal pesiar mempunyai kepentingan khusus untuk Southampton? || Cunard Line <> Apakah nama liner yang meninggalkan Southampton pada perjalanan akhirnya pada 11 November 2008? || RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 <> Siapa yang membaptiskan kapal Cunard Queen Victoria pada Disember 2007? || DEWASA Duchess of Cornwall <> Pada tahun apakah Ratu Elizabeth menerima namanya dari Ratu? || 2011 <> Kapal apa yang dilakukan oleh Duchess of Cambridge christen pada 13 Jun 2013? || Royal Princess", {"qas": [{"question": "What brand of cruise ships has a special importance to Southampton?", "id": "56f8dbf69e9bad19000a0610", "answers": [{"text": "Cunard Line", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the liner that left Southampton on its final journey on November 11, 2008?", "id": "56f8dbf69e9bad19000a0611", "answers": [{"text": "RMS Queen Elizabeth 2", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who christened the Cunard ship Queen Victoria in December 2007?", "id": "56f8dbf69e9bad19000a0612", "answers": [{"text": "HRH The Duchess of Cornwall", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Queen Elizabeth receive its name from the Queen?", "id": "56f8dbf69e9bad19000a0613", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 478}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ship did the Duchess of Cambridge christen on June 13, 2013?", "id": "56f8dbf69e9bad19000a0614", "answers": [{"text": "Royal Princess", "answer_start": 542}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city has a particular connection to Cunard Line and their fleet of ships. This was particularly evident on 11 November 2008 when the Cunard liner RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 departed the city for the final time amid a spectacular fireworks display after a full day of celebrations. Cunard ships are regularly launched in the city, for example Queen Victoria was named by HRH The Duchess of Cornwall in December 2007, and the Queen named Queen Elizabeth in the city during October 2011. The Duchess of Cambridge performed the naming ceremony of Royal Princess on 13 June 2013."}], ["Kepentingan Southampton untuk industri pelayaran ditunjukkan oleh sambutan ulang tahun ke-175 P & O Cruises, yang merangkumi semua tujuh barisan syarikat yang melawat Southampton dalam satu hari. Adonia, Arcadia, Aurora, Azura, Oceana, Oriana dan Ventura semuanya meninggalkan bandar itu dalam perarakan pada 3 Julai 2012. <> Apa pelayaran merayakan ulang tahun penting di Southampton pada Julai 2012? || P & O Cruises <> Yang ulang tahun yang P & O merayakan di Southampton? || 175 <Berapa banyak pelawat P & O melawat Southampton pada hari perayaan ulang tahun ke-175? || tujuh <> Yang mana dari tujuh pelayar kapal P & O mempunyai nama yang bermula dengan \"V\"? || Ventura <> Bersama dengan Oriana, apa lagi pelopor P & O dengan nama yang bermula dengan huruf yang sama? || Oceana", {"qas": [{"question": "What cruise line celebrated a landmark anniversary in Southampton in July of 2012?", "id": "56f8de039e9bad19000a0620", "answers": [{"text": "P&O Cruises", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which anniversary did P&O celebrate in Southampton?", "id": "56f8de039e9bad19000a0621", "answers": [{"text": "175th", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many P&O liners visited Southampton on the day of the 175th anniversary celebrations?", "id": "56f8de039e9bad19000a0622", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of the seven P&O cruise liners has a name that begins with \"V\"?", "id": "56f8de039e9bad19000a0623", "answers": [{"text": "Ventura", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Oriana, what's the other P&O liner with a name that starts with the same letter?", "id": "56f8de039e9bad19000a0624", "answers": [{"text": "Oceana", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The importance of Southampton to the cruise industry was indicated by P&O Cruises's 175th anniversary celebrations, which included all seven of the company's liners visiting Southampton in a single day. Adonia, Arcadia, Aurora, Azura, Oceana, Oriana and Ventura all left the city in a procession on 3 July 2012."}], ["Terdapat dua termini utama untuk perkhidmatan bas. Sebagai pengendali terbesar, Pertama menggunakan berhenti di sekitar Pound Tree Road. Ini meninggalkan terminal lain West Quay yang tersedia untuk pengendali lain. Uni-link melintasi West Quay di kedua-dua arah, dan Wilts & Dorset turun penumpang dan menjemput mereka di sana, menamatkan siri penumpang bas di sepanjang jalan. Perkhidmatan Bluestar tertentu juga melakukan ini, sementara yang lain berhenti di Bargate dan beberapa gelanggang pusingan West Quay, berhenti di Hanover Buildings. Terdapat sistem trem dari 1879 hingga 1949. <> Jalan apa jalan pertama menggunakan berhenti untuk meninggalkan terminal yang tersedia untuk bas-bas lain? || Jalan Pound Pohon <> Perkhidmatan bas mana yang melintasi West Quay dalam kedua-dua arah? || Uni-link <> Pengendali apa yang jatuh dan mengambil penumpang di West Quay? || Wilts & Dorset <> Bilakah sistem trem berhenti beroperasi di Southampton? || 1949 <> Di mana bis yang mengelilingi Barat Quay berhenti? || Bangunan Hanover", {"qas": [{"question": "What road does First use stops around to leave a terminal available for other buses?", "id": "56f8e38b9e9bad19000a0698", "answers": [{"text": "Pound Tree Road", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which bus service passes West Quay going in both directions?", "id": "56f8e38b9e9bad19000a0699", "answers": [{"text": "Uni-link", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What operator drops off and picks up passengers at West Quay?", "id": "56f8e38b9e9bad19000a069a", "answers": [{"text": "Wilts & Dorset", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the tram system stop operating in Southampton?", "id": "56f8e38b9e9bad19000a069b", "answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 517}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do buses that loop around West Quay stop?", "id": "56f8e38b9e9bad19000a069c", "answers": [{"text": "Hanover Buildings", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are two main termini for bus services. As the biggest operator, First uses stops around Pound Tree Road. This leaves the other terminal of West Quay available for other operators. Uni-link passes West Quay in both directions, and Wilts & Dorset drop passengers off and pick them up there, terminating at a series of bus stands along the road. Certain Bluestar services also do this, while others stop at Bargate and some loop round West Quay, stopping at Hanover Buildings. There was a tram system from 1879 to 1949."}], ["Walaupun Southampton tidak lagi menjadi asas bagi mana-mana feri rentas saluran, ia adalah terminal untuk tiga perkhidmatan feri dalaman, semuanya beroperasi dari terminal di Town Quay. Dua daripadanya, perkhidmatan feri kereta dan perkhidmatan feri penumpang katamaran cepat, menyediakan pautan ke East Cowes dan Cowes masing-masing di Isle of Wight dan dikendalikan oleh Corong Merah. Feri ketiga ialah Hythe Ferry, menyediakan perkhidmatan penumpang kepada Hythe di seberang Southampton Water. <> Berapa banyak perkhidmatan feri dalaman yang dilakukan Southampton? || tiga <> Apa nama dermaga di mana ketiga-tiga feri mempunyai terminal mereka? || Town Quay <> Berapa banyak feri bersambung ke Isle of Wight? || Dua <> Syarikat apa yang mengendalikan feri ke Cowes Timur dan Cowes? || Corong Merah <> Apa badan air yang menyeberang Hythe Ferry untuk mencapai Hythe dari Southampton? || Southampton Water", {"qas": [{"question": "How many internal ferry services does Southampton serve?", "id": "56f8def59e9bad19000a063e", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the quay where all three ferries have their terminals?", "id": "56f8def59e9bad19000a063f", "answers": [{"text": "Town Quay", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of the ferries connect to the Isle of Wight?", "id": "56f8def59e9bad19000a0640", "answers": [{"text": "Two", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company operates the ferries to East Cowes and Cowes?", "id": "56f8def59e9bad19000a0641", "answers": [{"text": "Red Funnel", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body of water does the Hythe Ferry cross to reach Hythe from Southampton?", "id": "56f8def59e9bad19000a0642", "answers": [{"text": "Southampton Water", "answer_start": 455}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "While Southampton is no longer the base for any cross-channel ferries, it is the terminus for three internal ferry services, all of which operate from terminals at Town Quay. Two of these, a car ferry service and a fast catamaran passenger ferry service, provide links to East Cowes and Cowes respectively on the Isle of Wight and are operated by Red Funnel. The third ferry is the Hythe Ferry, providing a passenger service to Hythe on the other side of Southampton Water."}], ["Bas sekarang menyediakan majoriti pengangkutan awam tempatan. Pengendali bas utama adalah First Southampton dan Bluestar. Pengendali lain termasuk Brijan Tours, Stagecoach dan Xelabus. Pembekal perkhidmatan lain yang lain adalah perkhidmatan bas Uni-link (berjalan dari awal pagi hingga tengah malam), yang ditugaskan oleh University of Southampton untuk menyediakan pengangkutan dari universiti ke bandar. Sebelum ini dijalankan oleh Enterprise, kini kini dijalankan oleh Bluestar. Bas percuma disediakan oleh City-link '. Bandaraya ini beroperasi dari terminal feri Red Funnel di Town Quay ke stesen Sentral melalui WestQuay dan dikendalikan oleh Bluestar. Terdapat juga perkhidmatan minibus dari pintu ke pintu yang dipanggil Southampton Dial a Ride, untuk penduduk yang tidak dapat mengakses pengangkutan awam. Ini dibiayai oleh majlis dan dikendalikan oleh Perkhidmatan Sokongan SCA. <> Apakah bentuk pengangkutan awam yang digunakan kebanyakan orang di Southampton sekarang? || Bas <> Bersama dengan Southampton Pertama, apakah pengendali bas utama lain di Southampton? || Bluestar <> Perkhidmatan bas apa yang dilakukan oleh University of Southampton untuk membawa orang di antara bandar dan universiti? || Uni-link <> Apa masa perkhidmatan Uni-link berhenti ke universiti setiap malam? || tengah malam <> Pengendali mana yang menjalankan Uni-link sebelum Bluestar? || Enterprise", {"qas": [{"question": "What form of public transport do most people in Southampton use now?", "id": "56f8e1e79e9bad19000a067a", "answers": [{"text": "Buses", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with First Southampton, what is the other main bus operator in Southampton?", "id": "56f8e1e79e9bad19000a067b", "answers": [{"text": "Bluestar", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What bus service did the University of Southampton commission to carry people between the city and the university?", "id": "56f8e1e79e9bad19000a067c", "answers": [{"text": "Uni-link", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What time does Uni-link stop service to the university each night?", "id": "56f8e1e79e9bad19000a067d", "answers": [{"text": "midnight", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What operator ran Uni-link before Bluestar?", "id": "56f8e1e79e9bad19000a067e", "answers": [{"text": "Enterprise", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Buses now provide the majority of local public transport. The main bus operators are First Southampton and Bluestar. Other operators include Brijan Tours, Stagecoach and Xelabus. The other large service provider is the Uni-link bus service (running from early in the morning to midnight), which was commissioned by the University of Southampton to provide transport from the university to the town. Previously run by Enterprise, it is now run by Bluestar. Free buses are provided by City-link'. The City-link runs from the Red Funnel ferry terminal at Town Quay to Central station via WestQuay and is operated by Bluestar. There is also a door-to-door minibus service called Southampton Dial a Ride, for residents who cannot access public transport. This is funded by the council and operated by SCA Support Services."}], ["Southampton pernah menjadi rumah kepada beberapa perkhidmatan feri ke benua, dengan destinasi seperti San Sebastian, Lisbon, Tangier dan Casablanca. Pelabuhan feri telah dibina pada tahun 1960-an. Walau bagaimanapun, beberapa yang dipindahkan ke Portsmouth dan pada tahun 1996, tidak ada lagi feri kereta yang beroperasi dari Southampton dengan pengecualian perkhidmatan ke Isle of Wight. Tanah yang digunakan untuk Southampton Ferry Port telah dijual dan pembangunan runcit dan perumahan telah dibina di tapak. Puteri Alexandra Dock diubah menjadi marina. Kawasan penyambut tetamu untuk kereta baru kini mengisi Docks Timur di mana penumpang, dok kering dan kereta api digunakan. <> Dalam berapa dekad ialah pelabuhan feri dibina di Southampton untuk membawa orang ke destinasi eksotik di benua itu? || 1960-an <> Pada tahun berapa feri kereta menamatkan operasi dari Southampton, selain dari satu ke Isle of Wight? || 1996 <> Apa yang dibina di tapak di mana Pelabuhan Ferry Southampton dulu? || pembangunan runcit dan perumahan <> Apa yang telah menjadi Princess Alexandra Dock? || marina <> Lokasi apa yang pernah diisi dengan penumpang, dok kering, dan kereta api kini menjadi kawasan pegangan untuk kereta baru? || Docks Timur", {"qas": [{"question": "In what decade was the ferry port built in Southampton to carry people to exotic destinations on the continent?", "id": "56f8e0b29e9bad19000a065c", "answers": [{"text": "1960s", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what year did car ferries finish operating from Southampton, other than the one to the Isle of Wight?", "id": "56f8e0b29e9bad19000a065d", "answers": [{"text": "1996", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was built on the site where the Southampton Ferry Port used to be?", "id": "56f8e0b29e9bad19000a065e", "answers": [{"text": "a retail and housing development", "answer_start": 429}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has the Princess Alexandra Dock become?", "id": "56f8e0b29e9bad19000a065f", "answers": [{"text": "a marina", "answer_start": 532}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What location that was once filled with passengers, dry docks, and trains is now a holding area for new cars?", "id": "56f8e0b29e9bad19000a0660", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern Docks", "answer_start": 584}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Southampton used to be home to a number of ferry services to the continent, with destinations such as San Sebastian, Lisbon, Tangier and Casablanca. A ferry port was built during the 1960s. However, a number of these relocated to Portsmouth and by 1996, there were no longer any car ferries operating from Southampton with the exception of services to the Isle of Wight. The land used for Southampton Ferry Port was sold off and a retail and housing development was built on the site. The Princess Alexandra Dock was converted into a marina. Reception areas for new cars now fill the Eastern Docks where passengers, dry docks and trains used to be."}]], [["Tanda tangan para perwakilan parti akan berakhir pada akhirnya. Apabila teks suatu perjanjian kemudiannya dicetak semula, seperti dalam koleksi perjanjian yang sedang berlaku, editor akan sering memasukkan tarikh-tarikh yang mana pihak-pihak berkenaan mengesahkan perjanjian itu dan yang mana ia berkuatkuasa untuk setiap pihak. <> Tanda tangan siapa yang muncul pada akhir perjanjian? || wakil parti <> Di manakah teks suatu perjanjian dicetak semula? || dalam koleksi perjanjian yang sedang berlaku <> Siapa, setelah dicetak semula, selalunya akan memasukkan tarikh di mana perjanjian itu diratifikasi dan berkuatkuasa? || seorang editor <> Setiap pihak mesti telah melakukan apa yang akan berlaku untuk perjanjian itu? || meratifikasi perjanjian <> Walaupun telah ditandatangani dan disahkan pada tarikh yang sama, perjanjian itu mungkin telah dilakukan pada tarikh yang berlainan? || berkuatkuasa", {"qas": [{"question": "Whose signatures appear at the very end of a treaty?", "id": "56f715cc711bf01900a44928", "answers": [{"text": "the parties' representatives", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where might the text of a treaty be reprinted?", "id": "56f715cc711bf01900a44929", "answers": [{"text": "in a collection of treaties currently in effect", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who, upon reprinting, will often append the dates on which the treaty was ratified and came into effect?", "id": "56f715cc711bf01900a4492a", "answers": [{"text": "an editor", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Each party must have done what in order for the treaty to come into effect?", "id": "56f715cc711bf01900a4492b", "answers": [{"text": "ratified the treaty", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Even if signed  and ratified on the same date, the treaty might have done what on different dates?", "id": "56f715cc711bf01900a4492c", "answers": [{"text": "came into effect", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The signatures of the parties' representatives follow at the very end. When the text of a treaty is later reprinted, such as in a collection of treaties currently in effect, an editor will often append the dates on which the respective parties ratified the treaty and on which it came into effect for each party."}], ["Selepas mukadimah itu terdapat artikel bernombor, yang mengandungi bahan perjanjian sebenar pihak-pihak. Setiap tajuk artikel biasanya merangkumi perenggan. Satu perjanjian yang panjang boleh menyusun artikel selanjutnya di bawah tajuk bab. <> Apa yang mengikuti pembukaan dalam perjanjian? || artikel bernombor <> Apa yang terkandung dalam artikel yang dijumlahkan sebagai perjanjian? || bahan sebenar perjanjian pihak-pihak <> Apakah setiap tajuk artikel biasanya merangkumi? || perenggan <> Bagaimana mungkin artikel dalam perjanjian panjang dikelompokkan? || di bawah tajuk bab <> Artikel bernombor perjanjian boleh dikumpulkan mengikut tajuk bab dalam apa jenis perjanjian? || Perjanjian yang panjang", {"qas": [{"question": "What follows the preamble in a treaty?", "id": "56f705ac711bf01900a448ec", "answers": [{"text": "numbered articles", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is contained in the numbered articles of a treaty?", "id": "56f705ac711bf01900a448ed", "answers": [{"text": "the substance of the parties' actual agreement", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does each article heading usually encompass?", "id": "56f705ac711bf01900a448ee", "answers": [{"text": "a paragraph", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How might the articles in a long treaty be grouped?", "id": "56f705ac711bf01900a448ef", "answers": [{"text": "under chapter headings", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The numbered articles of a treaty may be grouped by chapter heading in what kind of treaty?", "id": "56f705ac711bf01900a448f0", "answers": [{"text": "A long treaty", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After the preamble comes numbered articles, which contain the substance of the parties' actual agreement. Each article heading usually encompasses a paragraph. A long treaty may further group articles under chapter headings."}], ["Perjanjian moden, tanpa mengira hal perkara, biasanya mengandungi artikel yang mengawal di mana salinan asal salinan perjanjian akan disimpan dan bagaimana pertikaian selanjutnya tentang tafsiran mereka akan diselesaikan dengan aman. <> Jenis jenis penyelesaian untuk pertikaian biasanya digariskan dalam perjanjian? || amanah <> Bahagian mana yang menjadi perjanjian biasanya mengandungi maklumat mengenai keberadaan salinan asli perjanjian? || Artikel <> Pihak kepada perjanjian mungkin mempunyai pertikaian tentang apa aspek artikel perjanjian? || tafsiran mereka <> Salinan mana-mana perjanjian yang mempunyai lokasi mereka digariskan dalam kebanyakan perjanjian moden? || salinan akhir yang asli <> Perjanjian moden biasanya menggariskan prosedur untuk resolusi damai tentang apa? || pertikaian", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of resolution to disputes is typically outlined in a treaty?", "id": "56f7083a711bf01900a448f6", "answers": [{"text": "peaceful", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which section of a treaty typically contains information about the whereabouts of the final authentic copies of a treaty?", "id": "56f7083a711bf01900a448f7", "answers": [{"text": "articles", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Parties to a treaty might have disputes about what aspect of the articles of a treaty?", "id": "56f7083a711bf01900a448f8", "answers": [{"text": "their interpretation", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which copies of a treaty have their locations outlined in most modern treaties?", "id": "56f7083a711bf01900a448f9", "answers": [{"text": "the final authentic copies", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Modern treaties typically outline the procedures for the peaceful resolution of what?", "id": "56f7083a711bf01900a448fa", "answers": [{"text": "disputes", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Modern treaties, regardless of subject matter, usually contain articles governing where the final authentic copies of the treaty will be deposited and how any subsequent disputes as to their interpretation will be peacefully resolved."}], ["Perjanjian adalah perjanjian rasmi yang ditulis secara nyata yang digunakan oleh negara untuk mengikat diri secara sah. Satu perjanjian adalah dokumen rasmi yang menyatakan perjanjian itu dalam kata-kata; dan ia juga merupakan hasil objektif majlis upacara yang mengakui pihak-pihak dan hubungan yang ditetapkan. <> Bagaimana kesepakatan dalam perjanjian ditandakan? || dalam kata-kata <> Bagaimana keadaan yang terikat dalam perjanjian? || Secara sah <> Apakah dokumen rasmi yang menyatakan kesepakatan antara dua negara? || Satu perjanjian <> Apa hasil objektif acara upacara yang mengakui hubungan yang ditetapkan oleh para pihaknya? || Suatu perjanjian <> Siapakah yang bertanggungjawab untuk kewajiban-kewajiban yang sah dari pihak-pihak kepada suatu perjanjian? || diri sendiri", {"qas": [{"question": "How are the agreements in a treaty expressed?", "id": "56f6fdb13d8e2e1400e37310", "answers": [{"text": "in words", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are states that enter into a treaty bound?", "id": "56f6fdb13d8e2e1400e37311", "answers": [{"text": "legally", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an official document which expresses an agreement between two states?", "id": "56f6fdb13d8e2e1400e37312", "answers": [{"text": "A treaty", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an objective outcome of a ceremonial occasion which acknowledges the defined relationships of its parties?", "id": "56f6fdb13d8e2e1400e37313", "answers": [{"text": "A treaty", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is responsible for the legally-bound obligations of the parties to a treaty?", "id": "56f6fdb13d8e2e1400e37314", "answers": [{"text": "themselves", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A treaty is an official, express written agreement that states use to legally bind themselves. A treaty is the official document which expresses that agreement in words; and it is also the objective outcome of a ceremonial occasion which acknowledges the parties and their defined relationships."}], ["Sejak akhir abad ke-19, kebanyakan perjanjian telah mengikuti format yang agak konsisten. Satu perjanjian biasanya bermula dengan mukadim yang menerangkan pihak-pihak yang berkontrak dan tujuan bersama mereka dalam melaksanakan perjanjian, serta meringkaskan apa-apa peristiwa yang mendasari (seperti perang). Preambel moden kadang-kadang berstruktur sebagai satu kalimat yang sangat panjang yang diformatkan ke dalam banyak perenggan untuk dibaca, di mana setiap perenggan bermula dengan kata kerja (menginginkan, mengenali, mempunyai, dan sebagainya). <> Apa yang dikongsi oleh kebanyakan perjanjian sejak akhir abad ke-19? || format yang konsisten <> Apa permulaan perjanjian tipikal yang dipanggil? || sebuah mukadimah <> Kenapa kalimat panjang dalam mukadimah moden diformat ke dalam banyak ayat? || kebolehbacaan <> Setiap perenggan pembukaan moden biasanya bermula dengan bahagian ucapannya? || kata kerja <> Selain menggambarkan pihak-pihak dan tujuan bersama mereka, apa lagi yang membingungkan moden biasanya meringkaskan? || sebarang peristiwa asas (seperti peperangan)", {"qas": [{"question": "What is shared by most treaties since the late 19th century?", "id": "56f6ff4c3d8e2e1400e37322", "answers": [{"text": "a fairly consistent format", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the beginning of a typical treaty called?", "id": "56f6ff4c3d8e2e1400e37323", "answers": [{"text": "a preamble", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why are long sentences in a modern preamble formatted into multiple paragraphs?", "id": "56f6ff4c3d8e2e1400e37324", "answers": [{"text": "readability", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Each paragraph of a modern preamble typically begins with which part of speech?", "id": "56f6ff4c3d8e2e1400e37325", "answers": [{"text": "a verb", "answer_start": 445}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to describing the parties and their joint objectives, what else does a modern preamble typically summarize?", "id": "56f6ff4c3d8e2e1400e37326", "answers": [{"text": "any underlying events (such as a war)", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Since the late 19th century, most treaties have followed a fairly consistent format. A treaty typically begins with a preamble describing the contracting parties and their joint objectives in executing the treaty, as well as summarizing any underlying events (such as a war). Modern preambles are sometimes structured as a single very long sentence formatted into multiple paragraphs for readability, in which each of the paragraphs begins with a verb (desiring, recognizing, having, and so on)."}], ["Akhir dari perjanjian, eschatocol (atau protokol penutupan), sering ditandakan dengan klausa seperti \"dalam saksi mana\" atau \"dengan iman itu,\" pihak-pihak telah menandatangani tandatangan mereka, diikuti dengan perkataan \"DONE at,\" maka laman web pelaksanaan perjanjian dan tarikh pelaksanaannya. Tarikh ini biasanya ditulis dalam bentuk yang paling formal, paling lama. Sebagai contoh, Piagam Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu telah \"SELESAI di bandar San Francisco pada hari keenam puluh enam bulan Jun, seribu sembilan ratus empat puluh lima.\" Sekiranya perjanjian itu dilaksanakan dalam pelbagai salinan dalam bahasa yang berbeza, fakta itu selalu diperhatikan, dan diikuti oleh ketetapan bahawa versi dalam bahasa yang berbeza adalah sama sahih. <> Apakah nama formal untuk protokol penutup perjanjian? || eschatocol <> Apa yang biasanya mengikuti tanda tangan dalam perjanjian? || tapak pelaksanaan pelaksanaan perjanjian dan tarikh (s) <> Bagaimanakah tarikh tersebut biasanya ditulis dalam perjanjian? || borang yang paling formal, paling lama mungkin <> Apakah jenis versi berlainan perjanjian yang dilaksanakan dalam pelbagai bahasa? || sama autentik <> Klausa seperti \"dalam kesaksian yang mana\" atau \"dengan iman yang mana\" biasanya menandakan apa yang dalam perjanjian? || Tamat", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the formal name for the closing protocol of a treaty?", "id": "56f709cd711bf01900a44900", "answers": [{"text": "the eschatocol", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What typically follows the signatures in a treaty?", "id": "56f709cd711bf01900a44901", "answers": [{"text": "the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s)", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is the date typically written in a treaty?", "id": "56f709cd711bf01900a44902", "answers": [{"text": "its most formal, longest possible form", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the nature of the different versions of a treaty executed in multiple languages?", "id": "56f709cd711bf01900a44903", "answers": [{"text": "equally authentic", "answer_start": 697}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A clause like \"in witness whereof\" or \"in faith whereof\" typically signals what in a treaty?", "id": "56f709cd711bf01900a44904", "answers": [{"text": "The end", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like \"in witness whereof\" or \"in faith whereof,\" the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words \"DONE at,\" then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest possible form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was \"DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five.\" If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic."}], ["Satu perjanjian adalah perjanjian di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa yang dibuat oleh pelaku dalam undang-undang antarabangsa, iaitu negara berdaulat dan organisasi antarabangsa. Satu perjanjian boleh juga dikenali sebagai perjanjian (antarabangsa), protokol, perjanjian, konvensyen, perjanjian, atau pertukaran surat, antara lain. Tanpa menghiraukan terminologi, semua bentuk perjanjian ini, di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa, sama-sama menganggap perjanjian dan peraturannya adalah sama. <> Siapa pelakon dalam undang-undang antarabangsa? || negara berdaulat dan organisasi antarabangsa <> Apakah kesepakatan yang dibuat oleh pelaku dalam undang-undang antarabangsa? || Satu perjanjian <> Bagaimana bentuk perjanjian yang berlainan di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa berbanding dengan perjanjian? || sama <> Bagaimana anda membandingkan peraturan-peraturan perjanjian dan perjanjian di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa? || peraturannya adalah sama", {"qas": [{"question": "Who are the actors in international law?", "id": "56f6f92b3d8e2e1400e37300", "answers": [{"text": "sovereign states and international organizations", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an agreement entered into by actors in international law?", "id": "56f6f92b3d8e2e1400e37301", "answers": [{"text": "A treaty", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are different forms of agreements treated under international law compared to treaties?", "id": "56f6f92b3d8e2e1400e37302", "answers": [{"text": "equally", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How would you compare the rules of a treaty and a covenant under international law?", "id": "56f6f92b3d8e2e1400e37303", "answers": [{"text": "the rules are the same", "answer_start": 414}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations. A treaty may also be known as an (international) agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. Regardless of terminology, all of these forms of agreements are, under international law, equally considered treaties and the rules are the same."}], ["Perjanjian boleh dibatalkan berbanding dengan kontrak: kedua-duanya adalah pihak yang bersedia dengan tanggungjawab di antara mereka sendiri, dan pihak yang sama sekali tidak memenuhi kewajiban mereka boleh dipertanggungjawabkan di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa. <> Apa yang harus dilakukan oleh pihak ke atas perjanjian untuk mencegah dipertanggungjawabkan di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa? || menunaikan kewajipan mereka <> Apa yang boleh dibandingkan dengan undang-undang domestik untuk perjanjian dalam undang-undang antarabangsa? || kontrak <> Di bawah apa yang akan menjadi pihak kepada suatu perjanjian yang dipertanggungjawabkan kerana gagal menegakkan kewajiban mereka? || undang antarabangsa <> Apa yang harus menjadi sikap parti ke arah menganggap kewajiban undang-undang perjanjian itu? || bersedia <> Apa yang kita panggil beban yang diasumsikan secara sukarela yang ditempatkan pada pihak-pihak dalam kedua-dua perjanjian dan kontrak? || kewajipan", {"qas": [{"question": "What must a party to a treaty do to prevent being held liable under international law?", "id": "56f6fbeb711bf01900a448c4", "answers": [{"text": "live up to their obligations", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is comparable in domestic law to a treaty in international law?", "id": "56f6fbeb711bf01900a448c5", "answers": [{"text": "contracts", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Under what will a party to a treaty be held liable for failing to uphold their obligations?", "id": "56f6fbeb711bf01900a448c6", "answers": [{"text": "international law", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What must be the attitude of a party towards assuming the legal obligations of the treaty?", "id": "56f6fbeb711bf01900a448c7", "answers": [{"text": "willing", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do we call the willingly-assumed burdens placed upon parties to both treaties and contracts?", "id": "56f6fbeb711bf01900a448c8", "answers": [{"text": "obligations", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Treaties can be loosely compared to contracts: both are means of willing parties assuming obligations among themselves, and a party to either that fails to live up to their obligations can be held liable under international law."}], ["Nama penuh pihak berkuasa atau hak berwibawa sering dimasukkan ke dalam mukadimah, bersama-sama dengan nama penuh dan tajuk wakil mereka, dan klausa boilerplate tentang bagaimana wakil mereka telah menyampaikan (atau bertukar) kuasa penuh mereka (iaitu, dokumen rasmi melantik mereka untuk bertindak bagi pihak negara masing-masing) dan mendapati mereka dalam bentuk yang baik atau betul. <> Istilah apa yang menggambarkan klausa biasa dalam perjanjian yang menyatakan bahawa wakil-wakil pihak telah menyampaikan kuasa penuh mereka? || boilerplate <> Apakah dokumen rasmi yang melantik wakil parti untuk bertindak bagi pihak mereka? || Kuasa penuh <> Sebagai tambahan kepada nama penuh mereka, apa lagi yang dimasukkan dalam mukadimah yang mengenalpasti pihak-pihak dalam perjanjian? || hak berdaulat <> Bagaimanakah kuasa penuh sesebuah parti ditemui untuk memasuki suatu perjanjian? || dalam bentuk yang baik atau betul. <> Siapa lagi selain pihak-pihak itu sendiri biasanya dikenalpasti dalam mukadimah perjanjian? || wakil mereka", {"qas": [{"question": "What term describes a common clause in a treaty stating that the representatives of the parties have communicated their full powers?", "id": "56f7046d711bf01900a448e2", "answers": [{"text": "boilerplate", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the official documents appointing a party's representative to act on their behalf?", "id": "56f7046d711bf01900a448e3", "answers": [{"text": "full powers", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to their full names, what else is included in the preamble that identifies the parties to a treaty?", "id": "56f7046d711bf01900a448e4", "answers": [{"text": "sovereign titles", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How must the full powers of a parties' representatives be found in order to enter into a treaty?", "id": "56f7046d711bf01900a448e5", "answers": [{"text": "in good or proper form.", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who else besides the parties themselves is typically identified in the preamble to a treaty?", "id": "56f7046d711bf01900a448e6", "answers": [{"text": "their representatives", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The contracting parties' full names or sovereign titles are often included in the preamble, along with the full names and titles of their representatives, and a boilerplate clause about how their representatives have communicated (or exchanged) their full powers (i.e., the official documents appointing them to act on behalf of their respective states) and found them in good or proper form."}], ["Perjanjian dua hala diselesaikan di antara dua negeri atau entiti. Walau bagaimanapun, mungkin untuk perjanjian dua hala untuk mempunyai lebih daripada dua pihak; pertimbangkan sebagai contoh perjanjian dua hala antara Switzerland dan Kesatuan Eropah (EU) berikutan penolakan Swiss terhadap Perjanjian Kawasan Ekonomi Eropah. Setiap perjanjian ini mempunyai tujuh belas pihak. Walau bagaimanapun, kedua-dua perjanjian ini masih dua hala, bukan multilateral. Para pihak dibahagikan kepada dua kumpulan, Swiss (\"pada satu bahagian\") dan EU dan negara anggotanya (\"di pihak lain\"). Perjanjian ini menetapkan hak dan kewajipan antara Swiss dan EU dan negara-negara anggota secara berasingan-ia tidak menetapkan sebarang hak dan kewajiban di kalangan EU dan negara anggotanya. [Rujukan?] <> Perjanjian dua hala diselesaikan antara berapa negara atau entiti ? || dua <> Adakah mungkin untuk perjanjian dua hala untuk mempunyai lebih daripada dua pihak? || Ada kemungkinan <> Perjanjian dua hala antara Switzerland dan Kesatuan Eropah mengikuti penolakan Swiss tentang apa? || Perjanjian Ekonomi Eropah <> Adakah perjanjian dua hala antara Switzerland dan Kesatuan Eropah menubuhkan hak atau kewajiban di kalangan EU dan negara anggotanya? || ia tidak <> Perjanjian antara Switzerland dan Kesatuan Eropah adalah contoh perjanjian apa? || dua hala", {"qas": [{"question": "Bilateral treaties are concluded between how many states or entities?", "id": "56f71740711bf01900a44932", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is it possible for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties?", "id": "56f71740711bf01900a44933", "answers": [{"text": "It is possible", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union followed the Swiss rejection of what?", "id": "56f71740711bf01900a44934", "answers": [{"text": "the European Economic Area agreement", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does the bilateral treaty between Switzerland and the European Union establish rights or obligations amongst the EU and its member states?", "id": "56f71740711bf01900a44935", "answers": [{"text": "it does not", "answer_start": 651}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The treaty between Switzerland and the European Union is an example of what kind of treaty?", "id": "56f71740711bf01900a44936", "answers": [{"text": "bilateral", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of these treaties has seventeen parties. These however are still bilateral, not multilateral, treaties. The parties are divided into two groups, the Swiss (\"on the one part\") and the EU and its member states (\"on the other part\"). The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally\u2014it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed]"}], ["Perjanjian boleh dilihat sebagai 'melaksanakan diri', yang semata-mata menjadi satu pihak meletakkan perjanjian dan semua kewajibannya dalam tindakan. Perjanjian lain mungkin tidak melaksanakan sendiri dan memerlukan 'melaksanakan undang-undang' - perubahan dalam undang-undang domestik pihak negara yang akan mengarahkan atau membolehkannya memenuhi obligasi perjanjian. Satu contoh perjanjian yang memerlukan perundangan sedemikian akan menjadi satu mandat pendakwaan tempatan oleh pihak untuk jenayah tertentu. <> Satu perjanjian yang meletakkan semua kewajipannya dalam tindakan hanya dengan menjadi pihak kepadanya dikenali sebagai apa? || melaksanakan sendiri <> Apa yang biasanya diperlukan oleh pihak yang tidak melaksanakan diri untuk memenuhi kewajibannya? || melaksanakan undang-undang <> Apa itu \"melaksanakan undang-undang\" yang diperlukan oleh suatu pihak dalam suatu perjanjian untuk membolehkannya memenuhi kewajibannya di bawah perjanjian itu? || perubahan dalam undang-undang domestik parti negara <> Perjanjian yang menghendaki pendakwaan tempatan oleh pihak untuk jenayah tertentu adalah contoh jenis perjanjian? || tidak melaksanakan sendiri <> Menandatangani perjanjian kendiri secara automatik melakukan apa untuk pesta? || meletakkan perjanjian dan semua kewajipannya dalam tindakan", {"qas": [{"question": "A treaty that puts all of its obligations in action simply by becoming a party to it is known as what?", "id": "56f730303d8e2e1400e37412", "answers": [{"text": "self-executing", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do non-self-executing treaties typically require from a party to enable it to fulfill its obligations?", "id": "56f730303d8e2e1400e37413", "answers": [{"text": "implementing legislation", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is \"implementing legislation\" that is required by a party to a treaty to enable it to fulfill its obligations under the treaty?", "id": "56f730303d8e2e1400e37414", "answers": [{"text": "a change in the domestic law of a state party", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A treaty requiring local prosecution by a party for particular crimes is an example of which type of treaty?", "id": "56f730303d8e2e1400e37415", "answers": [{"text": "non-self-executing", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Signing a self-executing treaty automatically does what for a party?", "id": "56f730303d8e2e1400e37416", "answers": [{"text": "puts the treaty and all of its obligations in action", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Treaties may be seen as 'self-executing', in that merely becoming a party puts the treaty and all of its obligations in action. Other treaties may be non-self-executing and require 'implementing legislation'\u2014a change in the domestic law of a state party that will direct or enable it to fulfill treaty obligations. An example of a treaty requiring such legislation would be one mandating local prosecution by a party for particular crimes."}], ["Penempahan pada dasarnya adalah peringatan kepada penerimaan negara dalam perjanjian. Tempahan adalah kenyataan unilateral yang bermaksud untuk mengecualikan atau mengubahsuai kewajipan undang-undang dan kesannya terhadap keadaan rizab. Ini mesti disertakan pada masa menandatangani atau ratifikasi, iaitu \"satu pihak tidak dapat menambahkan reservasi setelah ia telah menyertai suatu perjanjian\". <> Apakah peringatan kepada penerimaan negara mengenai perjanjian? || Tempahan <> Apakah kenyataan unilateral yang bermaksud untuk mengecualikan atau mengubah suai kewajipan undang-undang dan kesannya ke atas sesuatu negara? || Tempahan <> Bilakah perlu tempahan dimasukkan dalam perjanjian? || pada masa menandatangani atau ratifikasi <> Apakah pihak-pihak kepada perjanjian yang dilarang melakukan setelah mereka telah menyertai perjanjian? || tambah tempahan <> Pihak penganjur untuk perjanjian boleh merangkumi kenyataan yang cuba melakukan apa yang menjadi tanggungjawab undang-undang atau kesannya? || tidak termasuk atau mengubah suai", {"qas": [{"question": "What are caveats to a state's acceptance of a treaty?", "id": "56f719c23d8e2e1400e37350", "answers": [{"text": "Reservations", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are unilateral statements purporting to exclude or to modify the legal obligation and its effects on a state?", "id": "56f719c23d8e2e1400e37351", "answers": [{"text": "Reservations", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When must reservations be included in a treaty?", "id": "56f719c23d8e2e1400e37352", "answers": [{"text": "at the time of signing or ratification", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are parties to a treaty forbidden to do after they have already joined a treaty?", "id": "56f719c23d8e2e1400e37353", "answers": [{"text": "add a reservation", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A reserving party to a treaty may include a statement that attempts to do what to its legal obligations or their effects?", "id": "56f719c23d8e2e1400e37354", "answers": [{"text": "exclude or to modify", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Reservations are essentially caveats to a state's acceptance of a treaty. Reservations are unilateral statements purporting to exclude or to modify the legal obligation and its effects on the reserving state. These must be included at the time of signing or ratification, i.e. \"a party cannot add a reservation after it has already joined a treaty\"."}], ["Dalam undang-undang antarabangsa dan hubungan antarabangsa, protokol pada umumnya merupakan perjanjian atau perjanjian antarabangsa yang menambah perjanjian atau perjanjian antarabangsa yang sebelumnya. Protokol boleh meminda perjanjian sebelumnya, atau menambah peruntukan tambahan. Pihak-pihak kepada perjanjian terdahulu tidak dikehendaki mengamalkan protokol itu. Kadang-kadang ini dibuat lebih jelas dengan menyebutnya sebagai \"protokol pilihan\", terutamanya di mana banyak pihak untuk perjanjian pertama tidak menyokong protokol itu. <> Apakah perjanjian yang menambah perjanjian sebelumnya dalam undang-undang antarabangsa? || protokol <> Protokol sama ada boleh meminda perjanjian sebelumnya atau melakukan apa? || menambah peruntukan tambahan <> Adakah pihak dalam perjanjian mempunyai kewajipan untuk menerima protokol kemudian? || tidak diperlukan <> Apa yang kita kadang-kadang memanggil perjanjian yang menambah perjanjian terutama apabila beberapa pihak dalam perjanjian menyokong protokol? || \"protokol opsional\" <> Protokol boleh menambahkan peruntukan tambahan kepada perjanjian atau yang melakukan apa? || meminda perjanjian sebelumnya", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a treaty that supplements a previous treaty in international law?", "id": "56f722b5711bf01900a449cc", "answers": [{"text": "a protocol", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A protocol may either amend a previous treaty or do what?", "id": "56f722b5711bf01900a449cd", "answers": [{"text": "add additional provisions", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Do parties to a treaty have an obligation to adopt a later protocol?", "id": "56f722b5711bf01900a449ce", "answers": [{"text": "not required", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do we sometimes call an agreement that supplements a treaty especially when few parties to the treaty support the protocol?", "id": "56f722b5711bf01900a449cf", "answers": [{"text": "an \"optional protocol\"", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A protocol may add additional provisions to a treaty or else do what?", "id": "56f722b5711bf01900a449d0", "answers": [{"text": "amend the previous treaty", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In international law and international relations, a protocol is generally a treaty or international agreement that supplements a previous treaty or international agreement. A protocol can amend the previous treaty, or add additional provisions. Parties to the earlier agreement are not required to adopt the protocol. Sometimes this is made clearer by calling it an \"optional protocol\", especially where many parties to the first agreement do not support the protocol."}], ["Perjanjian multilateral diselesaikan di antara beberapa negara. Perjanjian itu menetapkan hak dan kewajipan di antara setiap pihak dan setiap pihak. Perjanjian multilateral sering serantau. [Rujukan?] Perjanjian \"jaminan bersama\" adalah padat antarabangsa, contohnya, Perjanjian Locarno yang menjamin setiap penandatangan terhadap serangan dari yang lain. <> Apakah perjanjian yang dibuat di antara beberapa negara? || Perjanjian multilateral <> Antara pihak yang melakukan perjanjian multilateral membentuk hak dan kewajiban? || setiap parti dan setiap parti lain <> Perjanjian Locarno menjamin setiap penandatangan terhadap apa yang berasal dari penandatangan yang lain? || serangan <> Apa jenis perjanjian yang menjadi jaminan bersama? || padat antarabangsa <> Perjanjian multilateral sering dimasuki oleh negara-negara yang berkongsi apa yang sama? || rantau", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a treaty concluded among several countries?", "id": "56f7188d711bf01900a44950", "answers": [{"text": "A multilateral treaty", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Between which parties does a multilateral treaty establish rights and obligations?", "id": "56f7188d711bf01900a44951", "answers": [{"text": "each party and every other party", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Treaty of Locarno guarantees each signatory against what from another signatory?", "id": "56f7188d711bf01900a44952", "answers": [{"text": "attack", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of treaty is a mutual guarantee?", "id": "56f7188d711bf01900a44953", "answers": [{"text": "international compacts", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Multilateral treaties are often entered into by countries that share the same what?", "id": "56f7188d711bf01900a44954", "answers": [{"text": "region", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A multilateral treaty is concluded among several countries. The agreement establishes rights and obligations between each party and every other party. Multilateral treaties are often regional.[citation needed] Treaties of \"mutual guarantee\" are international compacts, e.g., the Treaty of Locarno which guarantees each signatory against attack from another."}], ["Beberapa contoh: Konvensyen Rangka Kerja Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu mengenai Perubahan Iklim (UNFCCC) mewujudkan kerangka kerja untuk membangunkan batas pelepasan gas rumah hijau yang mengikat, sementara Protokol Kyoto mengandungi peruntukan dan peraturan khusus yang kemudiannya dipersetujui. <> Protokol Kyoto dikaitkan dengan perjanjian apa? || Konvensyen Rangka Kerja Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu mengenai Perubahan Iklim <> Konvensyen Rangka Kerja Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu mengenai Perubahan Iklim telah ditambah dengan protokol apa? || Protokol Kyoto <> Konvensyen Rangka Kerja Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu mengenai Perubahan Iklim membentuk rangka kerja untuk pembangunan apa? || mengikat had pelepasan gas rumah hijau <> Walaupun Konvensyen Rangka Kerja Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu mengenai Perubahan Iklim membentuk rangka kerja untuk membangunkan pelepasan gas rumah hijau, Protokol Kyoto mengandungi apa? || peruntukan dan peraturan khusus yang kemudiannya dipersetujui <> Persetujuan yang mengandungi peruntukan spesifik yang berkaitan dengan Konvensyen Rangka Kerja Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu mengenai Perubahan Iklim adalah contoh dari apa perjanjian yang menambah perjanjian? || Protokol", {"qas": [{"question": "The Kyoto Protocol is associated with what treaty?", "id": "56f72eb0711bf01900a44a2c", "answers": [{"text": "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was supplemented by what protocol?", "id": "56f72eb0711bf01900a44a2d", "answers": [{"text": "the Kyoto Protocol", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change established a framework for the development of what?", "id": "56f72eb0711bf01900a44a2e", "answers": [{"text": "binding greenhouse gas emission limits", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "While the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change established a framework for developing greenhouse gas emission limits, the Kyoto Protocol contained what?", "id": "56f72eb0711bf01900a44a2f", "answers": [{"text": "the specific provisions and regulations later agreed upon", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The agreement that contained specific provisions related to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is an example of what agreement that supplements a treaty?", "id": "56f72eb0711bf01900a44a30", "answers": [{"text": "Protocol", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some examples: the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established a framework for the development of binding greenhouse gas emission limits, while the Kyoto Protocol contained the specific provisions and regulations later agreed upon."}], ["Pembahagian antara kedua-duanya sering tidak jelas dan sering dipolitikkan dalam perselisihan di dalam kerajaan melalui perjanjian, kerana perjanjian tidak melaksanakan diri tidak dapat dilakukan tanpa perubahan yang wajar dalam undang-undang dalam negeri. Jika suatu perjanjian memerlukan perlaksanaan undang-undang, suatu negara mungkin gagal menunaikan kewajibannya oleh kegagalan badan legislatif untuk meluluskan undang-undang domestik yang diperlukan. <> Perjanjian jenis apa yang tidak boleh dilakukan tanpa perubahan dalam undang-undang dalam negeri? || perjanjian tidak melaksanakan diri <> Pihak negara mungkin gagal dalam kewajibannya di bawah perjanjian tidak melaksanakan sendiri jika perundangannya gagal melakukan apa? || lulus undang-undang domestik yang diperlukan <> Apa institusi parti untuk perjanjian mesti bertindak untuk memenuhi kewajiban parti di bawah perjanjian tidak melaksanakan diri? || perundangannya <> Pembahagian yang sering tidak jelas di antara perjanjian kendiri dan perjanjian tidak melaksanakan diri boleh menyebabkan perjanjian menjadi apa jika pertentangan wujud dalam suatu parti? || dipolitikkan <> Perjanjian boleh dipolitikkan disebabkan oleh perselisihan di dalam satu pihak kerana pembahagian antara perjanjian melaksanakan diri dan perjanjian tidak melaksanakan diri sering dapat digambarkan sebagai apa? || tidak jelas", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of treaty cannot be acted on without the proper change in domestic law?", "id": "56f731ca711bf01900a44a50", "answers": [{"text": "a non-self-executing treaty", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A state party may be in default of its obligations under a non-self-executing treaty if its legislature fails to do what?", "id": "56f731ca711bf01900a44a51", "answers": [{"text": "pass the necessary domestic laws", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What institution of a party to a treaty must act to fulfill the party's obligations under a non-self-executing treaty?", "id": "56f731ca711bf01900a44a52", "answers": [{"text": "its legislature", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The often unclear division between a self-executing treaty and a non-self-executing treaty can lead to a treaty being what if disagreements exist within a party?", "id": "56f731ca711bf01900a44a53", "answers": [{"text": "politicized", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A treaty may be politicized due to disagreements within a party because the division between a self-executing treaty and a non-self-executing treaty can often be described as what?", "id": "56f731ca711bf01900a44a54", "answers": [{"text": "not clear", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The division between the two is often not clear and is often politicized in disagreements within a government over a treaty, since a non-self-executing treaty cannot be acted on without the proper change in domestic law. If a treaty requires implementing legislation, a state may be in default of its obligations by the failure of its legislature to pass the necessary domestic laws."}], ["Asalnya, undang-undang antarabangsa tidak menerima tempahan perjanjian, menolak mereka melainkan semua pihak dalam perjanjian itu menerima tempahan yang sama. Bagaimanapun, demi menarik jumlah bilangan negara yang paling banyak untuk menyertai triti, peraturan yang lebih permisif mengenai tempahan telah muncul. Walaupun beberapa perjanjian masih melarang sebarang tempahan, mereka kini dibenarkan pada umumnya bahawa mereka tidak bertentangan dengan matlamat dan tujuan perjanjian. <> Satu peraturan yang lebih permisif mengenai apa yang muncul untuk menggalakkan bilangan negara yang paling banyak untuk menyertai perjanjian? || Tempahan <> Tempahan biasanya dibenarkan selagi mereka bukan apa? || tidak konsisten dengan matlamat dan tujuan perjanjian <> Bagaimana undang-undang antarabangsa pada mulanya bertindak balas terhadap perjanjian perjumpaan? || menolak mereka <> Pada mulanya tempahan telah ditolak di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa melainkan jika pihak-pihak perjanjian itu menerima mereka? || semua pihak <> Karena mereka secara umum diterima di bawah undang-undang internasional, perjanjian harus melarang keberatan dalam cara untuk mencegah penggunaannya? || dengan jelas", {"qas": [{"question": "A more permissive rule regarding what emerged to encourage the largest number of states to join treaties?", "id": "56f71cd0711bf01900a44986", "answers": [{"text": "reservations", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Reservations are generally permitted so long as they are not what?", "id": "56f71cd0711bf01900a44987", "answers": [{"text": "inconsistent with the goals and purposes of the treaty", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did international law originally respond to treaty reservations?", "id": "56f71cd0711bf01900a44988", "answers": [{"text": "rejecting them", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Originally reservations were rejected under international law unless which parties of the treaty accepted them?", "id": "56f71cd0711bf01900a44989", "answers": [{"text": "all parties", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Because they are generally accepted under international law, a treaty must forbid reservations in what manner to prevent their adoption?", "id": "56f71cd0711bf01900a4498a", "answers": [{"text": "expressly", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Originally, international law was unaccepting of treaty reservations, rejecting them unless all parties to the treaty accepted the same reservations. However, in the interest of encouraging the largest number of states to join treaties, a more permissive rule regarding reservations has emerged. While some treaties still expressly forbid any reservations, they are now generally permitted to the extent that they are not inconsistent with the goals and purposes of the treaty."}], ["Bahasa perjanjian, seperti mana-mana undang-undang atau kontrak, mesti ditafsirkan apabila kata-kata tidak jelas atau tidak jelas bagaimana ia perlu digunakan dalam keadaan yang tidak dijangka. Konvensyen Vienna menyatakan bahawa perjanjian harus ditafsirkan sebagai \"dengan niat baik\" menurut \"maksud biasa yang diberikan kepada syarat-syarat perjanjian dalam konteksnya dan berdasarkan objek dan tujuannya.\" Pakar undang-undang antarabangsa juga sering memanggil 'prinsip keberkesanan maksimum' yang menafsirkan bahasa perjanjian sebagai mempunyai kekuatan dan pengaruh sepenuhnya yang memungkinkan untuk mewujudkan kewajiban antara pihak-pihak. <> Prinsip apa yang sering digunakan oleh pakar undang-undang ketika menafsirkan bahasa perjanjian? || prinsip keberkesanan maksimum <> Prinsip keberkesanan maksimum menafsirkan bahasa perjanjian sebagai mempunyai apa yang berlaku untuk menetapkan kewajiban antara pihak-pihak? || kekuatan dan kesan sepenuhnya <> Apa yang menyatakan bahawa perjanjian itu harus ditafsirkan \"dengan suci hati\" menurut \"makna biasa yang diberikan kepada terma perjanjian dalam konteksnya dan berdasarkan objek dan tujuannya?\" || Konvensyen Vienna <> Apa harta perjanjian harus sering ditafsirkan apabila tidak jelas? || Bahasa <> Selain bahasa yang tidak jelas apa yang mungkin timbul yang memerlukan penafsiran bahasa suatu perjanjian? || keadaan yang mungkin tidak dijangka", {"qas": [{"question": "What principle is often invoked by legal experts when interpreting the language of treaties?", "id": "56f733273d8e2e1400e3744c", "answers": [{"text": "principle of maximum effectiveness", "answer_start": 476}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The principle of maximum effectiveness interprets the language of treaties as having what effect to establish obligations between parties?", "id": "56f733273d8e2e1400e3744d", "answers": [{"text": "the fullest force and effect", "answer_start": 556}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What states that treaties are to be interpreted \"in good faith\" according to the \"ordinary meaning given to the terms of the treaty in their context and in light of its object and purpose?\"", "id": "56f733273d8e2e1400e3744e", "answers": [{"text": "The Vienna Convention", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What property of treaties must often be interpreted when it's not clear?", "id": "56f733273d8e2e1400e3744f", "answers": [{"text": "The language", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides unclear language what might also arise that necessitates the interpretation of the language of a treaty?", "id": "56f733273d8e2e1400e37450", "answers": [{"text": "a perhaps unforeseen circumstance", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The language of treaties, like that of any law or contract, must be interpreted when the wording does not seem clear or it is not immediately apparent how it should be applied in a perhaps unforeseen circumstance. The Vienna Convention states that treaties are to be interpreted \"in good faith\" according to the \"ordinary meaning given to the terms of the treaty in their context and in the light of its object and purpose.\" International legal experts also often invoke the 'principle of maximum effectiveness,' which interprets treaty language as having the fullest force and effect possible to establish obligations between the parties."}], ["Terdapat tiga cara perjanjian yang boleh dipinda. Mula-mula, pindaan rasmi memerlukan pihak-pihak Pihak dalam perjanjian untuk meneruskan proses ratifikasi sekali lagi. Rundingan semula peruntukan perjanjian boleh panjang dan berlarutan, dan sering beberapa pihak untuk perjanjian asal tidak akan menjadi pihak kepada perjanjian yang diubah. Apabila menentukan kewajiban undang-undang negara, satu pihak kepada perjanjian asal dan satu pihak kepada perjanjian yang dipinda, negara-negara hanya akan terikat dengan syarat-syarat yang mereka persetujui. Perjanjian juga boleh dipinda secara tidak rasmi oleh majlis eksekutif perjanjian apabila perubahan hanya prosedur, perubahan teknis dalam undang-undang antarabangsa adat juga boleh meminda perjanjian, di mana tingkah laku negara merevisi penafsiran baru tentang kewajiban undang-undang di bawah perjanjian. Pembetulan kecil kepada perjanjian boleh diterima pakai oleh verbal proces; tetapi kata-kata verbal biasanya digunakan untuk perubahan untuk memperbaiki ralat yang nyata dalam teks yang diterima pakai, iaitu teks yang diterima pakai tidak mencerminkan maksud pihak-pihak yang menerimanya. <> Berapa banyak cara untuk meminda perjanjian sedia ada? || tiga <> Apa yang harus diulangi oleh pihak-pihak kepada perjanjian untuk menerima pindaan formal terhadap perjanjian itu? || proses pengesahan <> Apa proses pindaan pada umumnya dirizabkan untuk perubahan yang membetulkan kesilapan jelas dalam teks? || pemprosesan verbal <> Pihak kepada perjanjian asal dan perjanjian pindaan terikat dengan syarat apa? || syarat-syarat yang kedua-duanya dipersetujui <> Sebagai tambahan kepada sifat rundingan semula perjanjian yang sering panjang dan berlarutan, apa hasil negatif yang mungkin timbul daripada proses itu? || sesetengah pihak untuk perjanjian asal tidak akan menjadi pihak kepada perjanjian yang diubah", {"qas": [{"question": "How many ways are there to amend an existing treaty?", "id": "56f720ed711bf01900a449b8", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What must state parties to a treaty repeat to adopt a formal amendment to the treaty?", "id": "56f720ed711bf01900a449b9", "answers": [{"text": "the ratification process", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What amendment process is generally reserved for changes that rectify obvious errors in the text?", "id": "56f720ed711bf01900a449ba", "answers": [{"text": "a proc\u00e8s-verbal", "answer_start": 866}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Parties to an original treaty and an amended treaty are bound to what terms?", "id": "56f720ed711bf01900a449bb", "answers": [{"text": "the terms they both agreed upon", "answer_start": 488}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to the often long and protracted nature of treaty renegotiation, what negative outcome might result from the process?", "id": "56f720ed711bf01900a449bc", "answers": [{"text": "some parties to the original treaty will not become parties to the amended treaty", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are three ways an existing treaty can be amended. First, formal amendment requires State parties to the treaty to go through the ratification process all over again. The re-negotiation of treaty provisions can be long and protracted, and often some parties to the original treaty will not become parties to the amended treaty. When determining the legal obligations of states, one party to the original treaty and one a party to the amended treaty, the states will only be bound by the terms they both agreed upon. Treaties can also be amended informally by the treaty executive council when the changes are only procedural, technical change in customary international law can also amend a treaty, where state behavior evinces a new interpretation of the legal obligations under the treaty. Minor corrections to a treaty may be adopted by a proc\u00e8s-verbal; but a proc\u00e8s-verbal is generally reserved for changes to rectify obvious errors in the text adopted, i.e. where the text adopted does not correctly reflect the intention of the parties adopting it."}], ["Apabila keadaan mengehadkan obligasi perjanjiannya melalui tempahan, negara-negara lain pihak untuk perjanjian itu mempunyai pilihan untuk menerima pemesanan itu, objek kepada mereka, atau objek dan menentangnya. Sekiranya negeri menerima mereka (atau gagal bertindak sama sekali), kedua-dua negeri yang menuntut dan negara penerima dibebaskan dari kewajipan undang-undang yang dikhaskan itu berkenaan dengan tanggungjawab undang-undang mereka antara satu sama lain (menerima tempahan itu tidak mengubah kewajiban undang-undang negara yang diterima sebagai menyangkut pihak lain untuk perjanjian itu). Sekiranya negeri itu menentang, bahagian-bahagian perjanjian yang terjejas oleh tempahan itu akan dikeluarkan sepenuhnya dan tidak lagi mewujudkan sebarang kewajipan undang-undang mengenai keadaan rizab dan penerimaan, sekali lagi hanya sebagai kebimbangan antara satu sama lain. Akhirnya, sekiranya negeri itu menentang dan menentang, tidak ada kewajiban undang-undang di bawah perjanjian itu di antara kedua-dua negara itu sekalipun. Negara yang membantah dan menentang pada dasarnya enggan mengakui keadaan rizab adalah satu pihak kepada perjanjian itu sama sekali. <> Apabila sebuah negara menambah tempahan ke perjanjian, pihak lain untuk perjanjian itu dapat memberi respons kepada mereka dalam cara apa? || menerima tempahan itu, objek kepada mereka, atau objek dan menentang mereka <> Siapa yang masih tidak terjejas apabila tempahan parti diterima oleh pihak kedua? || pihak lain kepada perjanjian <> Apa yang berlaku kepada bahagian-bahagian perjanjian yang terjejas oleh tempahan yang ditolak kerana mereka melibatkan parti-parti pembadanan dan penolakan? || drop out completely <> Apakah kewajipan undang-undang wujud antara dua pihak jika satu objek dan menentang tempahan yang lain? || tiada obligasi undang-undang <> Jika pihak negeri menentang dan menentang tempahan negeri lain ia pada dasarnya enggan mengakui apa? || negara simpanan adalah pihak kepada perjanjian itu", {"qas": [{"question": "When a state adds reservations to a treaty, other parties to the treaty can respond to those reservations in what ways?", "id": "56f71ecf711bf01900a449a4", "answers": [{"text": "accept those reservations, object to them, or object and oppose them", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who remains unaffected when a party's reservation is accepted by a second party?", "id": "56f71ecf711bf01900a449a5", "answers": [{"text": "other parties to the treaty", "answer_start": 480}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happens to the parts of the treaty affected by a rejected reservation as they concern the reserving and rejecting parties?", "id": "56f71ecf711bf01900a449a6", "answers": [{"text": "drop out completely", "answer_start": 584}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What legal obligations exist between two state parties if one objects and opposes the other's reservations?", "id": "56f71ecf711bf01900a449a7", "answers": [{"text": "no legal obligations", "answer_start": 773}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If a state party objects and opposes another state's reservations it essentially refuses to acknowledge what?", "id": "56f71ecf711bf01900a449a8", "answers": [{"text": "the reserving state is a party to the treaty", "answer_start": 924}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "When a state limits its treaty obligations through reservations, other states party to that treaty have the option to accept those reservations, object to them, or object and oppose them. If the state accepts them (or fails to act at all), both the reserving state and the accepting state are relieved of the reserved legal obligation as concerns their legal obligations to each other (accepting the reservation does not change the accepting state's legal obligations as concerns other parties to the treaty). If the state opposes, the parts of the treaty affected by the reservation drop out completely and no longer create any legal obligations on the reserving and accepting state, again only as concerns each other. Finally, if the state objects and opposes, there are no legal obligations under that treaty between those two state parties whatsoever. The objecting and opposing state essentially refuses to acknowledge the reserving state is a party to the treaty at all."}], ["Dalam amalan, kerana kedaulatan, mana-mana negeri boleh menarik balik dari mana-mana perjanjian pada bila-bila masa. Persoalan sama ada ini dibenarkan adalah benar-benar satu persoalan bagaimana keadaan negara-negara lain akan bertindak balas terhadap penarikan balik; contohnya, negara lain mungkin mengenakan sekatan atau pergi berperang melawan pelanggaran perjanjian. <> Faktor apa, dalam praktiknya, membenarkan negara menarik diri daripada sebarang perjanjian pada bila-bila masa? || kedaulatan <> Apa yang benar-benar menentukan sama ada penarikan balik dari perjanjian dibenarkan? || bagaimana keadaan negara-negara lain akan bertindak balas <> Apa yang mungkin dilakukan oleh sebuah negeri sebagai tindak balas terhadap pengeluaran negara lain dari suatu perjanjian? || mengenakan sekatan atau pergi ke perang <> Walaupun penarikan diri dari suatu perjanjian mungkin tidak dapat dilakukan secara teori, bilakah mungkin itu mungkin? || Dalam amalan <> Kerana kedaulatan apabila mungkin penarikan negara dari perjanjian? || pada bila bila masa", {"qas": [{"question": "What factor, in practice, allows a state to withdraw from any treaty at any time?", "id": "56f7489aaef2371900625ab7", "answers": [{"text": "sovereignty", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What really determines whether withdrawal from a treaty is permitted?", "id": "56f7489aaef2371900625ab8", "answers": [{"text": "how other states will react", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What might a state do in response to another state's withdrawal from a treaty?", "id": "56f7489aaef2371900625ab9", "answers": [{"text": "impose sanctions or go to war", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Although withdrawal from a treaty may not be possible in theory, when might it be possible anyway?", "id": "56f7489aaef2371900625aba", "answers": [{"text": "In practice", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Because of sovereignty when may a state withdrawal from a treaty?", "id": "56f7489aaef2371900625abb", "answers": [{"text": "at any time", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In practice, because of sovereignty, any state can withdraw from any treaty at any time. The question of whether this is permitted is really a question of how other states will react to the withdrawal; for instance, another state might impose sanctions or go to war over a treaty violation."}], ["Sekiranya penarikan balik parti negara berjaya, kewajipannya di bawah perjanjian itu dianggap ditamatkan, dan penarikan oleh satu pihak dari perjanjian dua hala mestilah menamatkan perjanjian itu. Apabila negara menarik diri dari perjanjian multilateral, perjanjian itu masih lagi akan berkuatkuasa di antara pihak-pihak lain, melainkan, jika tidak, jika tidak, boleh atau boleh ditafsirkan sebagaimana yang dipersetujui antara pihak-pihak yang berlainan dengan perjanjian tersebut. ] <> Apa yang berlaku kepada kewajiban negara di bawah perjanjian apabila penarikannya dari perjanjian? || ditamatkan <> Perjanjian apa yang ditamatkan oleh penarikan satu-satunya pihak? || perjanjian dua hala <> Apa yang berlaku kepada hak dan kewajiban perjanjian multilateral di pihak lain apabila hanya satu pihak yang menarik diri? || tetap berkuatkuasa <> Selepas apa tindakan oleh negara adalah kewajipannya di bawah perjanjian yang ditamatkan? || pengeluaran <> Di bawah syarat-syarat apa yang boleh menyebabkan pengeluaran tunggal negara dalam penamatan perjanjian multilateral? || dipersetujui antara parti-parti negeri yang selebihnya", {"qas": [{"question": "What happens to a state's obligations under a treaty upon its withdrawal from the treaty?", "id": "56f74a32a6d7ea1400e17168", "answers": [{"text": "terminated", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of treaty is terminated by the withdrawal of just one party?", "id": "56f74a32a6d7ea1400e17169", "answers": [{"text": "a bilateral treaty", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happens to a multilateral treaty's rights and obligations among the other parties when just one party withdraws?", "id": "56f74a32a6d7ea1400e1716a", "answers": [{"text": "remain in force", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After what action by a state are its obligations under a treaty considered terminated?", "id": "56f74a32a6d7ea1400e1716b", "answers": [{"text": "withdrawal", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Under what conditions could a single state's withdrawal result in the termination of a multilateral treaty?", "id": "56f74a32a6d7ea1400e1716c", "answers": [{"text": "agreed upon between the remaining states parties", "answer_start": 380}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "If a state party's withdrawal is successful, its obligations under that treaty are considered terminated, and withdrawal by one party from a bilateral treaty of course terminates the treaty. When a state withdraws from a multi-lateral treaty, that treaty will still otherwise remain in force among the other parties, unless, of course, otherwise should or could be interpreted as agreed upon between the remaining states parties to the treaty.[citation needed]"}], ["Istilah ini juga boleh mengelirukan kerana suatu perjanjian boleh dan biasanya dinamakan sesuatu selain perjanjian, seperti konvensyen, protokol, atau persetujuan semata-mata. Sebaliknya beberapa dokumen undang-undang seperti Perjanjian Waitangi di peringkat antarabangsa dianggap sebagai dokumen di bawah undang-undang domestik. <> Apakah Perjanjian Waitangi di peringkat antarabangsa dianggap? || dokumen di bawah undang-undang domestik <> Apa istilah lain yang boleh digunakan untuk merujuk kepada perjanjian? || konvensyen, protokol, atau persetujuan semata-mata <> Apakah masalah terminologi biasa yang kadang-kadang boleh menyebabkan kebingungan mengelilingi suatu perjanjian? || menamakan sesuatu selain daripada perjanjian, <> Apa contoh perjanjian yang dianggap di peringkat antarabangsa untuk menjadi dokumen di bawah undang-undang domestik? || Perjanjian Konvensyen Waitangi, protokol, dan perjanjian adalah contoh contoh-contoh yang berbeza dari apa yang dapat menimbulkan kekeliruan tentang suatu perjanjian? || terminologi", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Treaty of Waitangi internationally considered to be?", "id": "56f73afcaef2371900625a19", "answers": [{"text": "documents under domestic law", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other terms might be used to refer to a treaty?", "id": "56f73afcaef2371900625a1a", "answers": [{"text": "convention, protocol, or simply agreement", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What common terminological problem can sometimes lead to confusion surrounding a treaty?", "id": "56f73afcaef2371900625a1b", "answers": [{"text": "named something other than a treaty,", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's an example of a treaty that is considered internationally to be documents under domestic law?", "id": "56f73afcaef2371900625a1c", "answers": [{"text": "the Treaty of Waitangi", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Convention, protocol, and agreement are examples of examples of different kinds of what that can create confusion about a treaty?", "id": "56f73afcaef2371900625a1d", "answers": [{"text": "terminology", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The terminology can also be confusing because a treaty may and usually is named something other than a treaty, such as a convention, protocol, or simply agreement. Conversely some legal documents such as the Treaty of Waitangi are internationally considered to be documents under domestic law."}], ["Perjanjian tidak semestinya mengikat pihak-pihak yang menandatangani secara tetap. Oleh kerana kewajipan dalam undang-undang antarabangsa secara tradisinya dipandang sebagai hanya timbul daripada persetujuan negara, banyak perjanjian menyatakan dengan jelas membenarkan negara menarik diri selama ia mengikuti prosedur pemberitahuan tertentu. Sebagai contoh, Konvensyen Tunggal Mengenai Dadah Narkotik menyediakan bahawa perjanjian itu akan ditamatkan jika, akibat penolakan, bilangan parti jatuh di bawah 40. Banyak perjanjian melarang larangan. Perkara 56 Konvensyen Vienna mengenai Undang-Undang Perjanjian menyediakan bahawa jika suatu perjanjian tidak diamati sama ada atau tidak boleh dikecam terdapat suatu anggapan yang tidak dapat dipungkiri bahawa ia tidak dapat dikutuk secara unilateral melainkan: <> Secara tradisinya, apa yang mesti dilakukan oleh negara untuk kewajipan untuk muncul dalam undang-undang antarabangsa? || persetujuan <> Apakah satu-satunya penghalang untuk penarikan yang terkandung dalam banyak perjanjian? || prosedur pemberitahuan <> Adakah perjanjian yang mengikat pihak-pihak yang menandatangani secara tetap? || tidak semestinya <> Apa perjanjian akan tamat jika jumlah partai jatuh di bawah 40 akibat penolakan? || Konvensyen Tunggal Mengenai Dadah Narkotik <> Artikel utama Konvensyen Vienna mengenai Undang-undang Perjanjian menyediakan ada anggapan bahawa perjanjian tidak dapat diungkapkan secara unilateral? || Perkara 56", {"qas": [{"question": "Traditionally, what must a state do in order for an obligation to arise in international law?", "id": "56f7451fa6d7ea1400e17122", "answers": [{"text": "consent", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the only barrier to withdrawal contained in many treaties?", "id": "56f7451fa6d7ea1400e17123", "answers": [{"text": "procedures of notification", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Are treaties permanently binding upon the signatory parties?", "id": "56f7451fa6d7ea1400e17124", "answers": [{"text": "not necessarily", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What treaty will terminate if the number of parties falls below 40 as a result of denunciations?", "id": "56f7451fa6d7ea1400e17125", "answers": [{"text": "the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which article of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that there is a presumption that treaties cannot be unilaterally denounced?", "id": "56f7451fa6d7ea1400e17126", "answers": [{"text": "Article 56", "answer_start": 498}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Treaties are not necessarily permanently binding upon the signatory parties. As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification. For example, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs provides that the treaty will terminate if, as a result of denunciations, the number of parties falls below 40. Many treaties expressly forbid withdrawal. Article 56 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that where a treaty is silent over whether or not it can be denounced there is a rebuttable presumption that it cannot be unilaterally denounced unless:"}], ["Sekiranya satu pihak telah melanggar material atau melanggar tanggungjawabnya, pihak-pihak lain boleh memalsukan pelanggaran ini sebagai alasan untuk menggantung sementara tanggungjawab mereka kepada pihak itu di bawah perjanjian itu. Pelanggaran material juga boleh digunakan sebagai alasan untuk menamatkan secara kekal perjanjian itu sendiri. <> Apa yang boleh digunakan sebagai alasan untuk menamatkan perjanjian secara kekal? || Pelanggaran material <> Sebagai tambahan kepada menamatkan perjanjian itu sendiri, apakah tindakan pihak lain yang mungkin timbul akibat satu pihak yang secara material melanggar atau menanggung kewajibannya? || sementara menangguhkan kewajiban mereka untuk parti tersebut <> Selain menggantung kewajiban mereka di bawah perjanjian kepada pihak yang melanggar, apa yang mungkin timbul akibat pelanggaran material perjanjian perjanjian? || menamatkan perjanjian itu sendiri <> Siapa yang boleh memanggil pelanggaran material yang dilakukan oleh pihak kepada perjanjian untuk menggantung kewajiban mereka kepada pihak itu? || pihak lain <> Tindakan sementara apa yang boleh dilakukan oleh pihak-pihak dari suatu perjanjian sebagai tindak balas terhadap pelanggaran material terhadap suatu kewajiban parti? || menangguhkan kewajipan mereka kepada parti itu", {"qas": [{"question": "What may be invoked as grounds for permanently terminating a treaty?", "id": "56f74c09a6d7ea1400e17172", "answers": [{"text": "A material breach", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to terminating the treaty itself, what actions by the other parties might result from one party materially violating or beaching its obligations?", "id": "56f74c09a6d7ea1400e17173", "answers": [{"text": "temporarily suspending their obligations to that party", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to suspending their obligations under a treaty to the violating party, what may result from a material breach of treaty obligations?", "id": "56f74c09a6d7ea1400e17174", "answers": [{"text": "terminating the treaty itself", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who may invoke a material breach committed by a party to a treaty to suspend their obligations to that party?", "id": "56f74c09a6d7ea1400e17175", "answers": [{"text": "the other parties", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What temporary actions can parties of a treaty take in response to a material violation of a party's obligations?", "id": "56f74c09a6d7ea1400e17176", "answers": [{"text": "suspending their obligations to that party", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "If a party has materially violated or breached its treaty obligations, the other parties may invoke this breach as grounds for temporarily suspending their obligations to that party under the treaty. A material breach may also be invoked as grounds for permanently terminating the treaty itself."}], ["Satu bahagian yang penting dalam membuat perjanjian adalah bahawa menandatangani perjanjian menandakan pengiktirafan bahawa pihak yang lain adalah negara yang berdaulat dan perjanjian yang dipertimbangkan dapat dilaksanakan di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa. Oleh itu, negara-negara boleh berhati-hati dengan menandatangani perjanjian untuk menjadi perjanjian. Contohnya, di dalam Amerika Syarikat, perjanjian antara negeri-negeri adalah perjanjian dan perjanjian antara negara-negara dan kerajaan persekutuan atau antara agensi kerajaan adalah memorandum persefahaman. <> Apakah perjanjian antara negeri-negeri di Amerika Syarikat dipanggil? || padat <> Apakah perjanjian antara negara-negara dan kerajaan persekutuan dipanggil di Amerika Serikat? || Memorandum persefahaman <> Di Amerika Syarikat, apakah perjanjian antara agensi-agensi kerajaan persekutuan dipanggil? || memorandum persefahaman <> Bangsa-bangsa boleh berhati-hati tentang memanggil perjanjian sebagai perjanjian kerana ia mempunyai kesan mengiktiraf bahawa pihak lain adalah apa? || negara berdaulat <> Di bawah apa semua pihak dalam perjanjian mengiktiraf peruntukan perjanjian boleh dikuatkuasakan? || undang-undang antarabangsa", {"qas": [{"question": "What are agreements between states within the United States called?", "id": "56f7379e711bf01900a44a76", "answers": [{"text": "compacts", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are agreements between states and the federal government called within the United States?", "id": "56f7379e711bf01900a44a77", "answers": [{"text": "memoranda of understanding", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the United States, what are agreements between agencies of the federal government called?", "id": "56f7379e711bf01900a44a78", "answers": [{"text": "memoranda of understanding", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Nations can be careful about terming an agreement a treaty because it has the effect of recognizing that the other side is a what?", "id": "56f7379e711bf01900a44a79", "answers": [{"text": "a sovereign state", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Under what do all parties to a treaty recognize the provisions of the treaty are enforceable?", "id": "56f7379e711bf01900a44a7a", "answers": [{"text": "international law", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One significant part of treaty making is that signing a treaty implies recognition that the other side is a sovereign state and that the agreement being considered is enforceable under international law. Hence, nations can be very careful about terming an agreement to be a treaty. For example, within the United States, agreements between states are compacts and agreements between states and the federal government or between agencies of the government are memoranda of understanding."}], ["Pengadilan dan pengadilan antarabangsa sering dipanggil untuk menyelesaikan perselisihan besar atas tafsiran perjanjian. Untuk menegaskan maksud dalam konteks, badan kehakiman ini boleh menyemak kerja persiapan dari rundingan dan penyusunan perjanjian serta perjanjian akhir yang ditandatangani itu sendiri. <> Apakah undang-undang antarabangsa yang sering dipanggil untuk menyelesaikannya dalam perjanjian? || pertikaian besar mengenai tafsiran perjanjian <> Apa badan kehakiman yang boleh dipanggil untuk menyelesaikan perselisihan yang berkaitan dengan tafsiran perjanjian? || Pengadilan dan pengadilan antarabangsa <> Sebagai tambahan kepada perjanjian akhir, yang ditandatangani apa lagi yang boleh diperiksa oleh arbitres untuk menegaskan makna perjanjian dalam konteks? || kerja persiapan dari rundingan dan penyusunan perjanjian <> Untuk tujuan apa yang mungkin suatu tribunal internasional meninjau karya persiapan dari rundingan dan penyusunan perjanjian? || Untuk menegakkan makna dalam konteks <> Sebagai tambahan kepada kerja persiapan daripada merangka dan merundingkan suatu perjanjian, apa yang mungkin dikaji semula oleh arbitres apabila menyelesaikan perselisihan atas tafsiran perjanjian? || perjanjian akhir dan ditandatangani sendiri", {"qas": [{"question": "What are international tribunals and arbiters often called upon to resolve in regards to treaties?", "id": "56f736513d8e2e1400e3747c", "answers": [{"text": "substantial disputes over treaty interpretations", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What judicial bodies might be called upon to resolve disputes pertaining to the interpretation of treaties?", "id": "56f736513d8e2e1400e3747d", "answers": [{"text": "International tribunals and arbiters", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to the final, signed treaty what else might arbiters review to establish the meaning of a treaty in context?", "id": "56f736513d8e2e1400e3747e", "answers": [{"text": "the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what purpose might an international tribunal review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of a treaty?", "id": "56f736513d8e2e1400e3747f", "answers": [{"text": "To establish the meaning in context", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to the preparatory work from the drafting and negotiation of a treaty, what might arbiters review when resolving a dispute over the interpretation of a treaty?", "id": "56f736513d8e2e1400e37480", "answers": [{"text": "the final, signed treaty itself", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "International tribunals and arbiters are often called upon to resolve substantial disputes over treaty interpretations. To establish the meaning in context, these judicial bodies may review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself."}], ["Situasi lain boleh berlaku apabila satu pihak ingin mewujudkan kewajipan di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa, tetapi pihak lain tidak. Faktor ini telah berkuatkuasa berhubung dengan perbincangan antara Korea Utara dan Amerika Syarikat mengenai jaminan keselamatan dan percambahan nuklear. <> Pihak kepada perjanjian boleh tidak bersetuju dengan keinginan untuk mewujudkan kewajiban di bawah apa? || undang-undang antarabangsa <> Perbincangan antara kedua-dua negara telah mempengaruhi oleh keinginan satu pihak untuk mewujudkan kewajipan di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa? || Korea Utara dan Amerika Syarikat <> Perbincangan antara Korea Utara dan Amerika Syarikat telah dipengaruhi oleh keinginan satu pihak untuk mewujudkan kewajiban di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa berkenaan dengan apa dua topik? || jaminan keselamatan dan percambahan nuklear <> Korea Utara dan Amerika Syarikat telah dicirikan oleh perselisihan pendapat mengenai satu pihak yang ingin mewujudkan apa yang berkaitan dengan jaminan keselamatan dan percambahan nuklear? || untuk mewujudkan kewajipan di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa", {"qas": [{"question": "Parties to a treaty may disagree over a desire to create an obligation under what?", "id": "56f739203d8e2e1400e3749a", "answers": [{"text": "international law", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Discussions between what two countries have been influence by one party's desire to create an obligation under international law?", "id": "56f739203d8e2e1400e3749b", "answers": [{"text": "North Korea and the United States", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Discussion between North Korea and the United States have been influenced by one party's desire to create obligations under international law with respect to what two topics?", "id": "56f739203d8e2e1400e3749c", "answers": [{"text": "security guarantees and nuclear proliferation", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "North Korea and the United States have been characterized by a disagreement over one parties desire to create what with respect to security guarantees and nuclear proliferation?", "id": "56f739203d8e2e1400e3749d", "answers": [{"text": "to create an obligation under international law", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Another situation can occur when one party wishes to create an obligation under international law, but the other party does not. This factor has been at work with respect to discussions between North Korea and the United States over security guarantees and nuclear proliferation."}], ["Kemungkinan penarikan diri bergantung kepada syarat-syarat perjanjian dan travaux preparatoire. Sebagai contoh, ia telah dianggap bahawa tidak mungkin untuk menarik balik dari Kovenan Antarabangsa mengenai Hak Sivil dan Politik. Apabila Korea Utara mengisytiharkan niat untuk melakukan ini, Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu, yang bertindak sebagai pendaftar, berkata penandatangan asal ICCPR tidak terlepas pandang kemungkinan secara eksplisit menyediakan pengeluaran, tetapi dengan sengaja bertujuan untuk tidak menyediakannya . Akibatnya, pengeluaran tidak mungkin. <> Apakah satu contoh perjanjian yang tidak dapat dikeluarkan? || Perjanjian Antarabangsa mengenai Hak-hak Sivil dan Politik <> Apakah negeri menyatakan hasratnya menarik diri daripada Perjanjian Antarabangsa tentang Hak-hak Sivil dan Politik? || Korea Utara <> Siapa, bertindak sebagai pendaftar, memaklumkan Korea Utara bahawa penarikan diri sengaja dihalang oleh penandatangan asal Kovenan Antarabangsa mengenai Hak Sivil dan Politik? || Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu <> Apa dua faktor menentukan sama ada kemungkinan untuk menarik diri daripada perjanjian? || syarat-syarat perjanjian dan travaux preparatoire Syarat-syarat dan kesepakatan travaux Perjanjian Antarabangsa mengenai Hak Sivil dan Politik adalah kedua-dua faktor dalam menentukan aspek perjanjian itu berkaitan dengan niat yang dinyatakan Korea Utara? || Kemungkinan pengeluaran", {"qas": [{"question": "What is an example of a treaty from which it is not possible to withdraw?", "id": "56f7477aa6d7ea1400e17148", "answers": [{"text": "the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What state declared its intention to withdraw from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights?", "id": "56f7477aa6d7ea1400e17149", "answers": [{"text": "North Korea", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who, acting as registrar, informed North Korea that withdrawal was deliberately precluded by the original signatories of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights?", "id": "56f7477aa6d7ea1400e1714a", "answers": [{"text": "the Secretary-General of the United Nations", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two factors determine whether it is possible to withdraw from a treaty?", "id": "56f7477aa6d7ea1400e1714b", "answers": [{"text": "the terms of the treaty and its travaux preparatoire", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The terms and travaux preparatoire of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights were both factors in determining what aspect of the treaty as it relates to North Korea's stated intentions?", "id": "56f7477aa6d7ea1400e1714c", "answers": [{"text": "The possibility of withdrawal", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The possibility of withdrawal depends on the terms of the treaty and its travaux preparatoire. It has, for example, been held that it is not possible to withdraw from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. When North Korea declared its intention to do this the Secretary-General of the United Nations, acting as registrar, said that original signatories of the ICCPR had not overlooked the possibility of explicitly providing for withdrawal, but rather had deliberately intended not to provide for it. Consequently, withdrawal was not possible."}], ["Tiada satu pihak dalam perjanjian boleh mengenakan tafsiran khusus mengenai perjanjian itu kepada pihak lain. Walau bagaimanapun, persetujuan mungkin tersirat, jika pihak-pihak lain gagal mengeksploitasi secara eksplisit bahawa interpretasi unilateral pada mulanya, khususnya jika negara itu bertindak berdasarkan pandangannya mengenai perjanjian tanpa keluhan. Persetujuan oleh semua pihak dalam perjanjian itu kepada tafsiran tertentu mempunyai kesan undang-undang untuk menambah klausa lain kepada perjanjian - ini lazim disebut 'tafsiran autentik'. <> Tidak ada pihak yang boleh membuat perjanjian dengan pihak lain? || mengenakan tafsirannya yang khusus mengenai perjanjian <> Apa yang mungkin tersirat dari pihak lain gagal secara jelas menafikan tafsiran awal satu pihak tentang suatu perjanjian? || Persetujuan <> Persetujuan untuk penafsiran unilateral pihak mengenai suatu perjanjian boleh tersirat jika negara itu telah bertindak atas pandangannya tentang perlakuan tanpa apa-apa dari pihak lain? || aduan <> Persetujuan oleh semua pihak kepada suatu perjanjian untuk tafsiran tertentu mengenai perjanjian itu mempunyai apa kesan undang-undang? || menambah fasal lain untuk perjanjian <> Kesan undang-undang untuk menambahkan klausa lain kepada perjanjian yang berlaku apabila semua pihak dalam suatu perjanjian bersetuju dengan penafsiran tertentu perjanjian itu biasanya dikenali sebagai apa? || 'tafsiran autentik'", {"qas": [{"question": "No one party to a treaty can do what to the other parties?", "id": "56f734e03d8e2e1400e3746a", "answers": [{"text": "impose its particular interpretation of the treaty", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What may be implied of other parties fail to explicitly disavow a party's initially unilateral interpretation of a treaty?", "id": "56f734e03d8e2e1400e3746b", "answers": [{"text": "Consent", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Consent for a party's unilateral interpretation of a treaty may be implied if that state has acted upon its view of the treat without what from another party?", "id": "56f734e03d8e2e1400e3746c", "answers": [{"text": "complaint", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Consent by all parties to a treaty to a particular interpretation of the treaty has what legal effect?", "id": "56f734e03d8e2e1400e3746d", "answers": [{"text": "adding another clause to the treaty", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The legal effect of adding another clause to a treaty that occurs when all parties to a treaty consent to a particular interpretation of the treaty is commonly known as what?", "id": "56f734e03d8e2e1400e3746e", "answers": [{"text": "an 'authentic interpretation'", "answer_start": 465}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "No one party to a treaty can impose its particular interpretation of the treaty upon the other parties. Consent may be implied, however, if the other parties fail to explicitly disavow that initially unilateral interpretation, particularly if that state has acted upon its view of the treaty without complaint. Consent by all parties to the treaty to a particular interpretation has the legal effect of adding another clause to the treaty \u2013 this is commonly called an 'authentic interpretation'."}], ["Mengikut mukadimah dalam Undang-undang Perjanjian, perjanjian adalah sumber hukum antarabangsa. Sekiranya perbuatan atau kekurangannya dikecam di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa, akta itu tidak akan mengambil kesahan antarabangsa walaupun diluluskan oleh undang-undang dalaman. Ini bermakna bahawa dalam hal percanggahan dengan undang-undang domestik, undang-undang antarabangsa akan tetap berlaku. <> Mukadimah apa yang menyatakan bahawa perjanjian adalah sumber hukum antarabangsa? || Undang-undang Perjanjian <> Yang akan berlaku dalam konflik antara undang-undang antarabangsa dan domestik? || Undang-undang antarabangsa <> Apa yang mula menjadi sumber undang-undang antarabangsa dalam mukadimah dalam Undang-undang Perjanjian? || Perjanjian <> Kelulusan di bawah undang-undang yang tidak akan membuat tindakan atau kekurangannya undang-undang jika dikutuk di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa? || Undang-undang dalaman <> Tindakan atau kekurangannya tidak boleh dibuat undang-undang di bawah undang-undang apa pun sekalipun dibuat undang-undang di bawah undang-undang dalaman? || undang-undang antarabangsa", {"qas": [{"question": "The preamble of what states that treaties are a source of international law?", "id": "56f75e62aef2371900625b67", "answers": [{"text": "The Law of Treaties", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which will prevail in a conflict between international and domestic law?", "id": "56f75e62aef2371900625b68", "answers": [{"text": "international law", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are started to be a source of international law in the preamble in The Law of Treaties?", "id": "56f75e62aef2371900625b69", "answers": [{"text": "treaties", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Approval under what law will not make an act or lack thereof legal if condemned under international law?", "id": "56f75e62aef2371900625b6a", "answers": [{"text": "internal law", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "An act or lack thereof cannot be made legal under what law even if made legal under internal law?", "id": "56f75e62aef2371900625b6b", "answers": [{"text": "international law", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to the preamble in The Law of Treaties, treaties are a source of international law. If an act or lack thereof is condemned under international law, the act will not assume international legality even if approved by internal law. This means that in case of a conflict with domestic law, international law will always prevail."}], ["Terdapat beberapa sebab perjanjian yang tidak sah dan dipersetujui boleh ditolak sebagai persetujuan antarabangsa yang mengikat, yang sebahagian besarnya melibatkan masalah yang timbul pada pembentukan perjanjian. Sebagai contoh, perjanjian Jepun-Korea siri 1905, 1907 dan 1910 telah dibantah; dan mereka disahkan sebagai \"sudah batal dan tidak sah\" dalam Perjanjian 1965 Perjanjian Asas antara Jepun dan Republik Korea. <> Bilakah kebanyakan masalah yang dicipta yang mungkin mengakibatkan perjanjian yang tidak sah ditolak sebagai perjanjian antarabangsa yang mengikat? || pada pembentukan perjanjian <> Perjanjian-perjanjian apa antara Jepun dan Korea adalah contoh-contoh perjanjian yang dinyatakan batal dan tidak sah? || perjanjian bersiri Jepun-Korea 1905, 1907 dan 1910 <> Dalam apa perjanjian itu adalah perjanjian Jepun-Korea siri 1905, 1907, dan 1910 yang disahkan sebagai \"sudah batal dan tidak sah?\" || Perjanjian 1965 mengenai Hubungan Asas antara Jepun dan Republik Korea <> Yang mana dua negara menandatangani perjanjian yang mengisytiharkan perjanjian sebelum ini antara kedua-duanya dari 1905, 1907, dan 1910 untuk menjadi tidak sah? || Jepun dan Republik Korea <> Perjanjian lain yang tidak sah dan dipersetujui boleh ditolak seperti apa sebab beberapa alasan yang paling banyak melibatkan masalah yang timbul pada pembentukan perjanjian? || perjanjian antarabangsa yang mengikat", {"qas": [{"question": "When are most of the problems created that might result in an otherwise valid treaty being rejected as a binding international agreement?", "id": "56f75884a6d7ea1400e171e6", "answers": [{"text": "at the formation of the treaty", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What treaties between Japan and Korea are examples of treaties that were declared null and void?", "id": "56f75884a6d7ea1400e171e7", "answers": [{"text": "the serial Japan-Korea treaties of 1905, 1907 and 1910", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what treaty were the serial Japan-Korea treaties of 1905, 1907, and 1910 confirmed as \"already null and void?\"", "id": "56f75884a6d7ea1400e171e8", "answers": [{"text": "the 1965 Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea", "answer_start": 348}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two states signed a treaty that declared previous treaties between the two from 1905, 1907, and 1910 to be already void?", "id": "56f75884a6d7ea1400e171e9", "answers": [{"text": "Japan and the Republic of Korea", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "An otherwise valid and agreed upon treaty may be rejected as what for several reasons most of which involve problems created at the formation of a treaty?", "id": "56f75884a6d7ea1400e171ea", "answers": [{"text": "a binding international agreement", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are several reasons an otherwise valid and agreed upon treaty may be rejected as a binding international agreement, most of which involve problems created at the formation of the treaty.[citation needed] For example, the serial Japan-Korea treaties of 1905, 1907 and 1910 were protested; and they were confirmed as \"already null and void\" in the 1965 Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea."}], ["Persetujuan juga tidak sah jika diberikan oleh wakil yang mengabaikan sekatan yang dikenakan oleh kedaulatannya semasa rundingan, jika pihak lain dalam perjanjian itu diberitahu tentang pembatasan tersebut sebelum penandatanganannya. perwakilan negara mengabaikan sekatan yang dia tunduk oleh kedaulatannya, apa yang mungkin persetujuan negara itu untuk perjanjian dianggap? || tidak sah <> Siapa yang boleh meletakkan sekatan ke atas wakil semasa rundingan perjanjian? || kedaulatannya <> Apa yang harus berlaku terhadap larangan yang tidak diabaikan yang diletakkan pada wakil oleh kedaulatannya agar persetujuan negara untuk suatu perjanjian dianggap tidak sah? || pihak-pihak lain ke dalam perjanjian itu diberitahu mengenai sekatan-sekatan tersebut sebelum penandatanganannya <> Siapa yang mesti diberitahu tentang larangan yang diabaikan oleh pemerintah atas wakilnya sebelum penandatanganan suatu perjanjian agar persetujuan negara dianggap tidak sah ? || pihak lain", {"qas": [{"question": "If a state's representative ignored restrictions he is subject to by his sovereign, what might that state's consent to a treaty be considered to be?", "id": "56f75cbfaef2371900625b55", "answers": [{"text": "invalid", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who might place restrictions on a representative during negotiation of a treaty?", "id": "56f75cbfaef2371900625b56", "answers": [{"text": "his sovereign", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What must be true of the ignored restrictions placed on a representative by his sovereign in order for a state's consent to a treaty to be considered invalid?", "id": "56f75cbfaef2371900625b57", "answers": [{"text": "the other parties to the treaty were notified of those restrictions prior to his signing", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who must have been notified of the ignored restrictions placed by a sovereign on his representative prior to the signing of a treaty in order for a state's consent to be considered invalid? ", "id": "56f75cbfaef2371900625b58", "answers": [{"text": "the other parties", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Consent is also invalid if it is given by a representative who ignored restrictions he is subject to by his sovereign during the negotiations, if the other parties to the treaty were notified of those restrictions prior to his signing.[citation needed]"}], ["Artikel 46-53 dari Konvensyen Vienna mengenai Undang-Undang Perjanjian menetapkan satu-satunya cara bahawa perjanjian boleh dibatalkan-dianggap tidak boleh dikuatkuasakan dan dibatalkan di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa. Satu perjanjian akan dibatalkan kerana sama ada keadaan yang mana pihak negara menyertai perjanjian itu, atau kerana kandungan perjanjian itu sendiri. Invalidasi adalah berasingan daripada pengeluaran, penggantungan, atau penamatan (diatasi di atas), yang semuanya melibatkan perubahan dalam persetujuan pihak-pihak yang terlebih dahulu perjanjian yang sah dan bukannya membatalkan persetujuan itu di tempat pertama. <> Artikel manakah Konvensyen Vienna mengenai Undang-Undang Perjanjian menyatakan cara-cara yang boleh dibatalkan perjanjian? || Artikel 46-53 <> Sebagai tambahan kepada keadaan di mana sebuah parti negeri menyertai perjanjian, mengapa perjanjian boleh dibatalkan? || kandungan perjanjian itu sendiri <> Sebagai tambahan kepada kandungan perjanjian itu sendiri, mengapa mungkin diperlakukan dengan tidak sah? || keadaan di mana pihak negara menyertai perjanjian <> Satu perjanjian boleh dipertimbangkan jika ia dianggap tidak boleh dikuatkuasakan dan dibatalkan di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa? || tidak sah <> Proses manakah yang semata-mata mengubah persetujuan yang diberikan oleh pihak kepada perjanjian yang sah sebelumnya daripada membatalkan persetujuan sepenuhnya? || pengeluaran, penggantungan, atau penamatan", {"qas": [{"question": "Which articles of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties set out the ways that treaties can be invalidated?", "id": "56f76011a6d7ea1400e17216", "answers": [{"text": "Articles 46\u201353", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to the circumstances by which a state party joined a treaty, why might a treaty be invalidated?", "id": "56f76011a6d7ea1400e17217", "answers": [{"text": "the content of the treaty itself", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to the content of the treaty itself, why might a treated by invalidated?", "id": "56f76011a6d7ea1400e17218", "answers": [{"text": "the circumstances by which a state party joined the treaty", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A treaty might be considered what if it's considered unenforceable and void under international law?", "id": "56f76011a6d7ea1400e17219", "answers": [{"text": "invalidated", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which processes simply alter the consent given by parties to a previously valid treaty rather than invalidating the consent completely?", "id": "56f76011a6d7ea1400e1721a", "answers": [{"text": "withdrawal, suspension, or termination", "answer_start": 354}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Articles 46\u201353 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties set out the only ways that treaties can be invalidated\u2014considered unenforceable and void under international law. A treaty will be invalidated due to either the circumstances by which a state party joined the treaty, or due to the content of the treaty itself. Invalidation is separate from withdrawal, suspension, or termination (addressed above), which all involve an alteration in the consent of the parties of a previously valid treaty rather than the invalidation of that consent in the first place."}], ["Persetujuan pihak ke atas suatu perjanjian adalah tidak sah jika ia telah diberikan oleh ejen atau badan tanpa kuasa untuk melakukannya di bawah undang-undang domestik negeri itu. Negara-negara enggan menyiasat hal ehwal dalaman dan proses negara-negara lain, dan oleh itu suatu \"pelanggaran nyata\" diperlukan sedemikian rupa sehingga \"secara objektif dapat dilihat oleh mana-mana Negara yang menangani perkara itu\". Anggapan kuat wujud di peringkat antarabangsa bahawa ketua negara telah bertindak dalam kewenangannya yang sepatutnya. Ia seolah-olah tidak ada perjanjian yang sebenarnya tidak sah dalam peruntukan ini. [Rujukan?] <> Persetujuan parti untuk perjanjian tidak sah jika ia telah diberikan oleh agen atau badan tanpa kuasa untuk melakukannya di bawah apa? || undang negeri negeri itu <> Untuk apa pendapat yang kuat wujud di peringkat antarabangsa bahawa ketua negara telah bertindak dalam dalam memasuki suatu perjanjian? || haknya yang sepatutnya <> Apa yang diperlukan untuk membatalkan persetujuan parti disebabkan keengganan untuk menyiasat hal ehwal dalaman dan proses negara-negara lain? || \"pelanggaran nyata\" <> Pelanggaran nyata diperlukan untuk membatalkan persetujuan pihak ke suatu perjanjian kerana keengganan di peringkat antarabangsa untuk meneliti aspek-aspek negara lain? || hal ehwal dalaman dan proses <> Apa mungkin persetujuan pihak ke atas suatu perjanjian dianggap jika ia telah diberikan oleh ejen tanpa kuasa di bawah undang-undang domestik negeri untuk berbuat demikian? || tidak sah", {"qas": [{"question": "A party's consent to a treaty is invalid if it had been given by an agent or body without power to do so under what?", "id": "56f75adda6d7ea1400e171f8", "answers": [{"text": "that state's domestic law", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what does a strong presumption exist internationally that a head of state has acted within in entering into a treaty?", "id": "56f75adda6d7ea1400e171f9", "answers": [{"text": "his proper authority", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is required to invalidate a party's consent due to a reluctance to inquire into the internal affairs and processes of other states?", "id": "56f75adda6d7ea1400e171fa", "answers": [{"text": "a \"manifest violation\"", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A manifest violation is required to invalidate a party's consent to a treaty due to a reluctance internationally to inquire into what aspects of other states?", "id": "56f75adda6d7ea1400e171fb", "answers": [{"text": "the internal affairs and processes", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What might a party's consent to a treaty be considered if it has been given by an agent without the power under the state's domestic law to do so?", "id": "56f75adda6d7ea1400e171fc", "answers": [{"text": "invalid", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A party's consent to a treaty is invalid if it had been given by an agent or body without power to do so under that state's domestic law. States are reluctant to inquire into the internal affairs and processes of other states, and so a \"manifest violation\" is required such that it would be \"objectively evident to any State dealing with the matter\". A strong presumption exists internationally that a head of state has acted within his proper authority. It seems that no treaty has ever actually been invalidated on this provision.[citation needed]"}], ["Perjanjian-perjanjian kadang-kadang termasuk peruntukan untuk penamatan diri, yang bermaksud bahawa perjanjian itu ditamatkan secara automatik jika keadaan tertentu tertentu dipenuhi. Sesetengah triti ditujukan oleh pihak-pihak yang hanya mengikat sementara dan ditetapkan untuk tamat pada tarikh yang diberikan. Perjanjian lain boleh tamat sendiri jika perjanjian itu hanya wujud di bawah syarat-syarat tertentu. [Beberapa petikan diperlukan] <> Beberapa perjanjian mengandungi peruntukan untuk apa yang berlaku jika keadaan tertentu tertentu dipenuhi? || penamatan diri <> Peruntukan apa mungkin perjanjian termasuk jika ia hanya bertujuan untuk mengikat sementara? || ditetapkan untuk tamat pada tarikh yang diberikan <> Selain melewati tarikh tamat tempoh, apa yang mungkin menyebabkan perjanjian untuk tamat sendiri? || syarat tertentu yang tertentu dipenuhi <> Apa yang berlaku kepada perjanjian yang dirancang untuk ditamatkan di bawah syarat-syarat tertentu apabila syarat-syarat tersebut dipenuhi? || secara automatik ditamatkan <> Apa yang boleh kita anggap pihak-pihak dalam perjanjian memberi maksud kewajipan perjanjian itu jika perjanjian itu termasuk tarikh tamat tempoh? || mengikat sementara", {"qas": [{"question": "Some treaties contains provisions for what to happen if certain defined conditions are met?", "id": "56f74ffaa6d7ea1400e1719a", "answers": [{"text": "self-termination", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What provision might a treaty include if it's meant to be only temporarily binding?", "id": "56f74ffaa6d7ea1400e1719b", "answers": [{"text": "set to expire on a given date", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to passing an expiration date, what might cause a treaty to self-terminate?", "id": "56f74ffaa6d7ea1400e1719c", "answers": [{"text": "certain defined conditions are met", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happens to a treaty that was designed to terminate under certain conditions when those conditions are actually met?", "id": "56f74ffaa6d7ea1400e1719d", "answers": [{"text": "automatically terminated", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What may we assume the parties to a treaty intended the treaty's obligations to be if the treaty included an expiration date?", "id": "56f74ffaa6d7ea1400e1719e", "answers": [{"text": "temporarily binding", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Treaties sometimes include provisions for self-termination, meaning that the treaty is automatically terminated if certain defined conditions are met. Some treaties are intended by the parties to be only temporarily binding and are set to expire on a given date. Other treaties may self-terminate if the treaty is meant to exist only under certain conditions.[citation needed]"}], ["Muhammad juga memerintahkan pengepungan lain di Banu Qurayza semasa Penjajahan Banu Qurayza, kerana mengikut tradisi Muslim ia telah diperintahkan untuk melakukan itu oleh malaikat Jibril. Al-Waqidi mendakwa Muhammad mempunyai perjanjian dengan puak yang terkoyak. Stillman dan Watt menafikan kesahihan al-Waqidi. Al-Waqidi sering dikritik oleh penulis Islam, yang mendakwa bahawa dia tidak boleh dipercayai. 600-900 anggota Banu Qurayza dipenggal kepala setelah mereka menyerah (menurut Tabari dan Ibn Hisham). Sumber lain mengatakan semua lelaki dan 1 wanita dipenggal kepala (menurut Hadis Sunni). Dua orang Muslim terbunuh <> Apa malaikat, menurut tradisi Muslim, memerintahkan Muhammad untuk memerintahkan pengepungan di Banu Qurayza? || Gabriel <> siapa yang mendakwa Muhammad mempunyai perjanjian dengan Banu Qurayza yang terkoyak? || Al-Waqidi <> Berapa ramai anggota Banu Qurayza dipenggal kepala selepas menyerahkan kepada Muhammad dan para pengikutnya mengikut Tabari dan Ibn Hisham? || 600-900 <> Menurut Sunni Hadis yang mana ahli-ahli Banu Qurayza dipenggal kepala selepas menyerah kepada Muhammad dan para pengikutnya? || semua lelaki dan 1 wanita <> Berapa banyak umat Islam terbunuh semasa serangan Banu Qurayza? || Dua", {"qas": [{"question": "What angel, according to Muslim tradition, ordered Muhammad to order a siege on the Banu Qurayza?", "id": "56f756b2aef2371900625b25", "answers": [{"text": "Gabriel", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who claims Muhammad had a treaty with the Banu Qurayza that was torn apart?", "id": "56f756b2aef2371900625b26", "answers": [{"text": "Al-Waqidi", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many members of the Banu Qurayza were beheaded after surrendering to Muhammad and his followers according to Tabari and Ibn Hisham?", "id": "56f756b2aef2371900625b27", "answers": [{"text": "600-900", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to Sunni Hadith which members of the Banu Qurayza were beheaded after surrendering to Muhammad and his followers?", "id": "56f756b2aef2371900625b28", "answers": [{"text": "all Males and 1 woman", "answer_start": 536}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Muslims were killed during the invasion of Banu Qurayza?", "id": "56f756b2aef2371900625b29", "answers": [{"text": "Two", "answer_start": 596}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Muhammad also ordered another siege on the Banu Qurayza during the Invasion of Banu Qurayza, because according to Muslim tradition he had been ordered to do so by the angel Gabriel. Al-Waqidi claims Muhammad had a treaty with the tribe which was torn apart. Stillman and Watt deny the authenticity of al-Waqidi. Al-Waqidi has been frequently criticized by Muslim writers, who claim that he is unreliable. 600-900 members of the Banu Qurayza were beheaded after they surrendered (according to Tabari and Ibn Hisham). Another source says all Males and 1 woman beheaded (according to Sunni Hadith). Two Muslims were killed"}], ["Walau bagaimanapun, pelanggaran perjanjian tidak menggantung atau menamatkan hubungan perjanjian secara automatik. Ia bergantung pada bagaimana pihak-pihak lain menganggap pelanggaran dan bagaimana mereka menyelesaikannya. Kadang-kadang perjanjian akan menyediakan keseriusan pelanggaran yang akan ditentukan oleh tribunal atau pengadil bebas yang lain. Kelebihan pengadil sedemikian adalah bahawa ia menghalang pihak dari awal dan mungkin secara salah menangguhkan atau menamatkan kewajipannya sendiri kerana pelanggaran material yang dikatakan orang lain. <> Apa yang mungkin diminta oleh tribunal atau pengadil mengenai pelanggaran perjanjian? || keseriusan pelanggaran <> Menggunakan apa yang hendak menentukan keseriusan sesuatu pelanggaran boleh menghalang parti daripada menangguhkan tanggungjawabnya dengan sewajarnya kerana pelanggaran pihak yang dikatakan pihak lain? || tribunal atau pengadil bebas lain <> Adakah pelanggaran material semestinya menggantung atau menamatkan hubungan perjanjian? || tidak <> Apa yang menentukan sama ada pelanggaran secara automatik menggantung atau menamatkan hubungan perjanjian? || bagaimana pihak lain menganggap pelanggaran itu dan bagaimana mereka menyelesaikannya untuk bertindak balas terhadapnya <> Pelanggaran perjanjian tidak semestinya mempengaruhi hubungan perjanjian bergantung pada seberapa serius pihak-pihak lain melihat pelanggaran dan apa faktor lain? || bagaimana mereka menyelesaikannya untuk bertindak balas terhadapnya", {"qas": [{"question": "What might a tribunal or an arbiter be asked to determine regarding a breach of a treaty?", "id": "56f74dd9aef2371900625adf", "answers": [{"text": "the seriousness of a breach", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Using what to determine the seriousness of a breach can prevent a party from prematurely suspending its obligations due to another party's alleged material breach?", "id": "56f74dd9aef2371900625ae0", "answers": [{"text": "a tribunal or other independent arbiter", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does a material breach necessarily suspend or terminate treaty relations?", "id": "56f74dd9aef2371900625ae1", "answers": [{"text": "does not", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What determines whether a breach automatically suspends or terminates treaty relations?", "id": "56f74dd9aef2371900625ae2", "answers": [{"text": "how the other parties regard the breach and how they resolve to respond to it", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": " A treaty breach does not necessarily affect treaty relations depending on how serious the other parties view the breach and what other factor?", "id": "56f74dd9aef2371900625ae3", "answers": [{"text": "how they resolve to respond to it", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A treaty breach does not automatically suspend or terminate treaty relations, however. It depends on how the other parties regard the breach and how they resolve to respond to it. Sometimes treaties will provide for the seriousness of a breach to be determined by a tribunal or other independent arbiter. An advantage of such an arbiter is that it prevents a party from prematurely and perhaps wrongfully suspending or terminating its own obligations due to another's alleged material breach."}], ["Nabi Muhammad SAW melakukan pengepungan terhadap suku Banu Qaynuqa yang dikenali sebagai Penjajahan Banu Qaynuqa pada bulan 624 Muhammad memerintahkan pengikutnya untuk menyerang orang Yahudi Banu Qaynuqa kerana didakwa melanggar perjanjian yang dikenal sebagai Perlembagaan Madinah dengan menyematkan pakaian Wanita Islam, yang menyebabkan dia dilucutkan telanjang Sebagai akibatnya, seorang Muslim membunuh seorang Yahudi sebagai pembalasan, dan orang Yahudi pula membunuh lelaki Muslim. Ini meningkat kepada rantaian pembunuhan balas dendam, dan permusuhan tumbuh di antara orang Islam dan Banu Qaynuqa, yang menyebabkan pengepungan benteng mereka. Tentara itu akhirnya menyerah kepada Muhammad, yang pada mulanya ingin membunuh ahli-ahli Banu Qaynuqa tetapi akhirnya menyerah kepada Ketuhanan Abdullah ibn Ubayy dan bersetuju untuk mengusir Qaynuqa. <> Nabi Muhammad SAW melakukan pengepungan terhadap suku mana pada bulan 624? || puak Banu Qaynuqa <> Muhammad memerintahkan pengikutnya untuk menyerang orang Yahudi Banu Qaynuqa kerana didakwa melanggar perjanjian apa? || Perlembagaan Madinah <> Siapa desakan memimpin Nabi Muhammad untuk mengusir orang Yahudi Banu Qaynuqa daripada membunuh mereka? || Abdullah ibn Ubayy <> Mengemukakan pakaian seorang wanita Islam, yang menyebabkan dia menjadi apa, adalah tindakan yang didakwa melanggar Perlembagaan Madinah? || dilucutkan telanjang <> Apa tindakan rantai yang dihasilkan daripada dakwaan melanggar Perlembagaan Madinah oleh Yahudi Banu Qaynuqa? || pembunuhan balas dendam", {"qas": [{"question": "The Islamic Prophet Muhammad carried out a siege against what tribe in February 624?", "id": "56f754cea6d7ea1400e171c4", "answers": [{"text": "the Banu Qaynuqa tribe", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Muhammad ordered his followers to attack the Banu Qaynuqa Jews for allegedly breaking what treaty?", "id": "56f754cea6d7ea1400e171c5", "answers": [{"text": "the Constitution of Medina", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who's insistence led the Prophet Muhammad to expel the Banu Qaynuqa Jews instead of kill them?", "id": "56f754cea6d7ea1400e171c6", "answers": [{"text": "Abdullah ibn Ubayy", "answer_start": 717}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Pinning the clothes of a Muslim woman, which led to her being what, was the action that allegedly violated the Constitution of Medina?", "id": "56f754cea6d7ea1400e171c7", "answers": [{"text": "stripped naked", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What chained actions resulted from the alleged violation of the Constitution of Medina by the Banu Qaynuqa Jews?", "id": "56f754cea6d7ea1400e171c8", "answers": [{"text": "revenge killings", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Islamic Prophet Muhammad carried out a siege against the Banu Qaynuqa tribe known as the Invasion of Banu Qaynuqa in February 624  Muhammad ordered his followers to attack the Banu Qaynuqa Jews for allegedly breaking the treaty known as the Constitution of Medina by pinning the clothes of a Muslim woman, which led to her being stripped naked As a result, a Muslim killed a Jew in retaliation, and the Jews in turn killed the Muslim man. This escalated to a chain of revenge killings, and enmity grew between Muslims and the Banu Qaynuqa, leading to the siege of their fortress.:122 The tribe eventually surrendered to Muhammad, who initially wanted to kill the members of Banu Qaynuqa but ultimately yielded to Abdullah ibn Ubayy's insistence and agreed to expel the Qaynuqa."}], ["Suatu pihak boleh menuntut bahawa suatu perjanjian harus ditamatkan, walaupun tidak ada ketentuan nyata, jika ada perubahan mendasar dalam keadaan. Perubahan sedemikian mencukupi jika tidak diduga, jika ia meruntuhkan \"asas penting\" persetujuan oleh pihak, jika ia secara radikal mengubah tahap kewajiban antara pihak-pihak, dan jika kewajiban masih dilakukan. Satu pihak tidak boleh mendasarkan tuntutan ini terhadap perubahan yang disebabkan oleh pelanggaran sendiri perjanjian itu. Tuntutan ini juga tidak boleh digunakan untuk membatalkan perjanjian yang membentuk atau membatalkan batas politik. Apa yang mungkin mengakibatkan satu pihak dalam perjanjian yang mendakwa suatu perjanjian harus ditamatkan walaupun tidak ada ketentuan nyata untuk penamatannya? || perubahan asas dalam keadaan <> Suatu pihak tidak boleh mendasarkan tuntutan perubahan fundamental dalam keadaan jika perubahan itu terjadi oleh apa? || pelanggaran perjanjian itu sendiri <> Tuntutan perubahan asas dalam keadaan tidak boleh digunakan untuk membatalkan perjanjian yang menetapkan atau membatalkan apa? || batasan politik <> Transformasi radikal tentang apa aspek tanggungjawab antara pihak-pihak adalah syarat yang diperlukan untuk tuntutan perubahan mendasar dalam keadaan untuk menamatkan perjanjian? || sejauh mana obligasi <> Untuk dianggap perubahan asas, perubahan dalam keadaan mestilah apa yang pada masa penerimaan perjanjian itu? || tidak dijangka", {"qas": [{"question": "What might result in a party to a treaty claiming a treaty should be terminated even absent an express provision for its termination?", "id": "56f75218aef2371900625b11", "answers": [{"text": "a fundamental change in circumstances", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A party cannot base its claim of a fundamental change in circumstances if the change was brought about by what?", "id": "56f75218aef2371900625b12", "answers": [{"text": "its own breach of the treaty", "answer_start": 432}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The claim of a fundamental change in circumstances cannot be used to invalidate treaties that established or redrew what?", "id": "56f75218aef2371900625b13", "answers": [{"text": "political boundaries", "answer_start": 543}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The radical transformation of what aspect of the obligations between the parties is a necessary condition for a claim of a fundamental change in circumstances to terminate a treaty?", "id": "56f75218aef2371900625b14", "answers": [{"text": "the extent of obligations", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In order to be considered a fundamental change, a change in circumstances must have been what at the time of the adoption of the treaty?", "id": "56f75218aef2371900625b15", "answers": [{"text": "unforeseen", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A party may claim that a treaty should be terminated, even absent an express provision, if there has been a fundamental change in circumstances. Such a change is sufficient if unforeseen, if it undermined the \u201cessential basis\u201d of consent by a party, if it radically transforms the extent of obligations between the parties, and if the obligations are still to be performed. A party cannot base this claim on change brought about by its own breach of the treaty. This claim also cannot be used to invalidate treaties that established or redrew political boundaries.[citation needed]"}], ["Perlembagaan persekutuan Brazil tidak mempunyai klausa supremasi dengan kesan yang sama seperti yang terdapat dalam perlembagaan A.S., fakta yang menarik minat perbincangan mengenai hubungan antara perjanjian dan undang-undang negara. <> Apakah jenis klausa apakah perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat bahawa perlembagaan Brazil tidak mempunyai kesan yang sama? || klausa supremasi <> Klausa supremasi dalam perlembagaan persekutuan adalah berkaitan dengan perbincangan mengenai hubungan antara perjanjian dan jenis undang-undang lain? || undang-undang negeri <> Apakah fasal Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat berkaitan dengan perbincangan mengenai hubungan antara perjanjian dan undang-undang A.S.? || klausul supremasi <> Perlembagaan Brazil tidak mempunyai klausa supremasi yang akan menjadi kepentingan untuk hubungan antara undang-undang negara dan apa perjanjian undang-undang lain? || perjanjian", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of clause does the United States constitution have that the Brazilian constitution does not have with the same effects?", "id": "56f7f497a6d7ea1400e17313", "answers": [{"text": "supremacy clause", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A supremacy clause in a federal constitution is relevant to the discussion on the relation between treaties and what other type of legislation?", "id": "56f7f497a6d7ea1400e17314", "answers": [{"text": "state legislation", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What clause of the United States Constitution is relevant to the discussion of the relation between treaties and U.S. legislation?", "id": "56f7f497a6d7ea1400e17315", "answers": [{"text": "supremacy clause", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Brazilian constitution does not have a supremacy clause that would be of interest to the relation between state legislation and what other legal agreements?", "id": "56f7f497a6d7ea1400e17316", "answers": [{"text": "treaties", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Brazilian federal constitution does not have a supremacy clause with the same effects as the one on the U.S. constitution, a fact that is of interest to the discussion on the relation between treaties and state legislation."}], ["Selepas pengangkatannya, perjanjian dan pindaan mereka juga perlu mematuhi prosedur undang-undang rasmi Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu, sebagaimana yang dipohon oleh Pejabat Hal Ehwal Undang-Undang, termasuk tanda tangan, ratifikasi dan kemasukan. <> Perjanjian dan pindaan mereka mesti mematuhi prosedur undang-undang rasmi dari badan apa selepas pengangkatan mereka? || Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu <> Pejabat mana yang mana Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu bertanggungjawab memohon prosedur perundangan rasmi? || Pejabat Hal Ehwal Undang-Undang <> Bilakah semua perjanjian dan pindaan mereka harus mematuhi prosedur undang-undang rasmi Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu? || Selepas penerimaan mereka <> Sebagai tambahan kepada tanda tangan dan pengesahan, apa prosedur undang-undang Persatuan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu mesti semua perjanjian ikut selepas pengangkatannya? || mula berkuatkuasa <> Apakah tiga prosedur perundangan rasmi Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu bahawa semua perjanjian mesti ikut selepas pengangkatannya? || tandatangan, ratifikasi dan mula berkuatkuasa", {"qas": [{"question": "Treaties and their amendments must follow the official legal procedures of what body after their adoption?", "id": "56f7ef08a6d7ea1400e172e1", "answers": [{"text": "the United Nations", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which office of the United Nations is in charge of applying its official legal procedures?", "id": "56f7ef08a6d7ea1400e172e2", "answers": [{"text": "the Office of Legal Affairs", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When must all treaties and their amendments follow the official legal procedures of the United Nations?", "id": "56f7ef08a6d7ea1400e172e3", "answers": [{"text": "After their adoption", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to signature and ratification, what legal procedure of the United Nations must all treaties follow after their adoption?", "id": "56f7ef08a6d7ea1400e172e4", "answers": [{"text": "entry into force", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are three official legal procedures of the United Nations that all treaties must follow after their adoption?", "id": "56f7ef08a6d7ea1400e172e5", "answers": [{"text": "signature, ratification and entry into force", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After their adoption, treaties as well as their amendments have to follow the official legal procedures of the United Nations, as applied by the Office of Legal Affairs, including signature, ratification and entry into force."}], ["Persetujuan negara boleh dibatalkan jika terdapat pemahaman yang salah tentang fakta atau situasi pada masa kesimpulan, yang membentuk \"asas penting\" persetujuan negara. Persetujuan tidak akan menjadi tidak sah jika salah faham adalah akibat kelakuan negara sendiri, atau jika kebenaran itu sepatutnya jelas. <> Apa bagi pihak negara tidak boleh membatalkan persetujuan negara itu untuk perjanjian? || Tingkah laku sendiri <> Persetujuan kepada perjanjian tidak akan menjadi tidak sah jika apa yang sepatutnya jelas? || kebenaran <> Apa yang boleh dibatalkan jika terdapat pemahaman yang salah tentang fakta atau situasi pada masa tamatnya perjanjian? || Persetujuan negara <> Pemahaman salah mengenai fakta atau keadaan hanya boleh membatalkan persetujuan negara untuk perjanjian jika perkara itu benar tentang pemahaman yang salah? || membentuk \"asas penting\" persetujuan negara <> Apa, jika ia membentuk \"asas penting\" persetujuan negara untuk perjanjian, boleh membatalkan persetujuan itu? || pemahaman yang salah tentang fakta atau keadaan", {"qas": [{"question": "What on behalf of a state cannot invalidate that state's consent to a treaty?", "id": "56f7e9f4a6d7ea1400e172af", "answers": [{"text": "own conduct", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Consent to a treaty will not be invalidated if what should have been evident?", "id": "56f7e9f4a6d7ea1400e172b0", "answers": [{"text": "the truth", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What may be invalidated if there was an erroneous understanding of a fact or situation at the time of conclusion of a treaty?", "id": "56f7e9f4a6d7ea1400e172b1", "answers": [{"text": "A state's consent", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "An erroneous understanding of a fact or situation may only invalidate a state's consent to a treaty if what is also true about the erroneous understanding?", "id": "56f7e9f4a6d7ea1400e172b2", "answers": [{"text": "formed the \"essential basis\" of the state's consent", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What, if it formed the \"essential basis\" of a state's consent to a treaty, may invalidate that consent?", "id": "56f7e9f4a6d7ea1400e172b3", "answers": [{"text": "an erroneous understanding of a fact or situation", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A state's consent may be invalidated if there was an erroneous understanding of a fact or situation at the time of conclusion, which formed the \"essential basis\" of the state's consent. Consent will not be invalidated if the misunderstanding was due to the state's own conduct, or if the truth should have been evident."}], ["Dalam fungsi dan keberkesanan, PBB telah dibandingkan dengan pemerintahan pra-Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat sebelum ini oleh beberapa [rujukan?], Memberikan perbandingan antara undang-undang perjanjian moden dan Artikel Konfederasi bersejarah. <> Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu telah dibandingkan dengan apa fungsi dan keberkesanan kerajaan? || kerajaan pra-Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat Persekutuan <> Dalam aspek apakah PBB telah dibandingkan dengan kerajaan Persekutuan pra-Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat? || fungsi dan keberkesanan <> Perbandingan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu ke Amerika Syarikat sebelum Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat memberi kita perbandingan antara topik-topik undang-undang moden dan bersejarah yang menarik? || undang-undang perjanjian moden dan Artikel Konfederasi bersejarah <> Undang-undang perjanjian moden boleh dibandingkan dengan fungsi dan keberkesanan kepada Artikel Konfederasi bersejarah dengan membandingkan pemerintahan pra-Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat dengan institusi apa yang moden? || UN <> Apa dokumen perundangan yang membentuk dasar kerajaan sebelum Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat? || Artikel Konfederasi", {"qas": [{"question": "The United Nations has been compared to what government in function and effectiveness?", "id": "56f7f0b9aef2371900625c88", "answers": [{"text": "the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which aspects has the United Nations been compared to the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government?", "id": "56f7f0b9aef2371900625c89", "answers": [{"text": "function and effectiveness", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The comparison of the United Nations to the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government gives us a comparison between what modern and historical legal topics of interest?", "id": "56f7f0b9aef2371900625c8a", "answers": [{"text": "modern treaty law and the historical Articles of Confederation", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Modern treaty law can be compared in function and effectiveness to the historical Articles of Confederation by comparing the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government with what modern institution?", "id": "56f7f0b9aef2371900625c8b", "answers": [{"text": "the UN", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What legal document formed the basis of the pre-Constitutional Federal government of the United States?", "id": "56f7f0b9aef2371900625c8c", "answers": [{"text": "Articles of Confederation", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In function and effectiveness, the UN has been compared to the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government by some[citation needed], giving a comparison between modern treaty law and the historical Articles of Confederation."}], ["Persetujuan juga akan menjadi tidak sah jika ia disebabkan oleh kelakuan palsu pihak lain, atau oleh \"rasuah\" langsung atau tidak langsung wakilnya oleh pihak lain kepada perjanjian itu. Paksaan sama ada wakil atau negeri itu sendiri melalui ancaman atau penggunaan kekerasan, jika digunakan untuk mendapatkan persetujuan negara itu untuk suatu perjanjian, akan membatalkan persetujuan itu. <> Apakah jenis kelakuan pihak kepada perjanjian boleh membatalkan persetujuan pihak lain? || tingkah laku penipuan <> Apakah jenis tindakan, sama ada secara langsung atau tidak langsung, wakil negara oleh pihak lain untuk perjanjian boleh membatalkan persetujuan negara? || rasuah <> Paksaan wakil atau negara sendiri akan mengakibatkan apa yang berlaku kepada persetujuannya untuk perjanjian? || membatalkan persetujuan <> Paksaan keadaan atau apa yang melalui ancaman atau penggunaan kekerasan, jika digunakan untuk mendapatkan persetujuan negara itu untuk suatu perjanjian, akan membatalkan persetujuan itu? || wakil <> Apa yang harus berlaku terhadap paksaan melalui ancaman atau penggunaan kekerasan pihak kepada perjanjian untuk membatalkan persetujuan negara untuk perjanjian? || digunakan untuk mendapatkan persetujuan negara itu untuk suatu perjanjian", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of conduct of a party to a treaty can invalidate the consent of another party?", "id": "56f7eb38a6d7ea1400e172c3", "answers": [{"text": "fraudulent conduct", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of action, either direct or indirect, of a state's representative by another type of party to a treaty can invalidate a state's consent?", "id": "56f7eb38a6d7ea1400e172c4", "answers": [{"text": "corruption", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Coercion of a representative or a state itself will result in what happening to its consent to a treaty?", "id": "56f7eb38a6d7ea1400e172c5", "answers": [{"text": "invalidate that consent", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Coercion of a state or its what through the threat or use of force, if used to obtain the consent of that state to a treaty, will invalidate that consent?", "id": "56f7eb38a6d7ea1400e172c6", "answers": [{"text": "representative", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What must  be true of coercion through the threat or use of force of a party to treaty for it to invalidate the state's consent to a treaty?", "id": "56f7eb38a6d7ea1400e172c7", "answers": [{"text": "used to obtain the consent of that state to a treaty", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Consent will also be invalidated if it was induced by the fraudulent conduct of another party, or by the direct or indirect \"corruption\" of its representative by another party to the treaty. Coercion of either a representative, or the state itself through the threat or use of force, if used to obtain the consent of that state to a treaty, will invalidate that consent."}], ["Piagam PBB menyatakan bahawa perjanjian harus didaftarkan dengan PBB untuk dipanggil sebelum atau dikuatkan dalam badan kehakiman, Mahkamah Keadilan Internasional. Ini dilakukan untuk mencegah percambahan perjanjian rahsia yang berlaku pada abad ke-19 dan ke-20. Seksyen 103 Piagam juga menyatakan bahawa kewajipan anggotanya di bawahnya melebihi apa-apa kewajipan bersaing di bawah perjanjian lain. <> Apakah organ kehakiman Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu? || Mahkamah Keadilan Antarabangsa <> Dokumen apa yang menyatakan bahawa triti mesti didaftarkan dengan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu untuk dipanggil sebelum atau dikuatkuasakan di Mahkamah Keadilan Antarabangsa? || Piagam Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu <> Mengapa Piagam Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu menyatakan bahawa perjanjian-perjanjian harus didaftarkan dengan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu? || untuk mengelakkan berlakunya percubaan rahsia <> Di mana berabad-abad percambahan perjanjian rahsia berlaku yang memimpin Piagam Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu untuk memasukkan kewajiban untuk mendaftarkan perjanjian yang akan digunakan sebelum itu? || Bahagian ke-19 dan ke-20 <Apa seksyen Piagam PBB menyatakan bahawa kewajipan anggotanya di bawah piagam itu melebihi apa-apa kewajipan bersaing di bawah perjanjian lain? || Seksyen 103", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the judiciary organ of the United Nations?", "id": "56f7ee11aef2371900625c6a", "answers": [{"text": "the International Court of Justice", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What document states that treaties must be registered with the United Nations to be invoked before it or enforced in the International Court of Justice?", "id": "56f7ee11aef2371900625c6b", "answers": [{"text": "The United Nations Charter", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why does the United Nations Charter state that treaties must be registered with the United Nations?", "id": "56f7ee11aef2371900625c6c", "answers": [{"text": "to prevent the proliferation of secret treaties", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which centuries did a proliferation of secret treaties occur that led the United Nations Charter to include an obligation to register treaties to be invoked before it?", "id": "56f7ee11aef2371900625c6d", "answers": [{"text": "19th and 20th century", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What section of the United Nations Charter states that its members' obligation under the charter outweigh any competing obligations under other treaties?", "id": "56f7ee11aef2371900625c6e", "answers": [{"text": "Section 103", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The United Nations Charter states that treaties must be registered with the UN to be invoked before it or enforced in its judiciary organ, the International Court of Justice. This was done to prevent the proliferation of secret treaties that occurred in the 19th and 20th century. Section 103 of the Charter also states that its members' obligations under it outweigh any competing obligations under other treaties."}], ["Satu perjanjian adalah batal dan tidak sah jika ia melanggar norma peremptory. Norma-norma ini, tidak seperti prinsip-prinsip lain undang-undang adat, diakui sebagai tidak membenarkan pelanggaran dan tidak dapat diubah melalui kewajiban perjanjian. Ini adalah terhad kepada larangan-larangan yang diterima secara universal seperti yang menentang keganasan yang digunakan secara agresif, pembunuhan beramai-ramai dan kejahatan lain terhadap kemanusiaan, cetak rompat, permusuhan yang diarahkan kepada penduduk awam, diskriminasi kaum dan apartheid, perhambaan dan penyeksaan, yang bermaksud bahawa tidak ada kewajipan negara boleh menanggung kewajipan secara sah untuk melakukan atau membenarkan tindakan sedemikian. <> Apa yang akan menjadi perjanjian jika ia melanggar norma peremptory? || batal dan tidak sah <> Jenis norma apa yang diiktiraf sebagai membenarkan tiada pelanggaran dan tidak boleh diubah melalui kewajiban perjanjian? || norma peremptory <> Apakah perbuatan seperti genosida dan cetak rompak berkaitan dengan undang-undang perjanjian? || tidak ada undang-undang yang boleh memikul tanggungjawab untuk melakukan atau membenarkan tindakan sedemikian <> Apa yang membezakan norma-norma peremptory dari prinsip-prinsip lain undang-undang adat? || membenarkan tiada pelanggaran dan tidak boleh diubah melalui kewajiban perjanjian <> Apa contoh jenis tindakan yang dilarang secara universal yang tidak ada negara yang secara sah boleh mengambil kewajiban untuk melakukan atau mengizinkan melalui suatu perjanjian? || pembunuhan beramai-ramai", {"qas": [{"question": "What will a treaty be if it is in violation of a peremptory norm?", "id": "56f7ece0aef2371900625c60", "answers": [{"text": "null and void", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of norm is recognized as permitting no violations and so cannot be altered through treaty obligations?", "id": "56f7ece0aef2371900625c61", "answers": [{"text": "peremptory norm", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is true of acts such as genocide and piracy in regard to treaty law?", "id": "56f7ece0aef2371900625c62", "answers": [{"text": "no state can legally assume an obligation to commit or permit such acts", "answer_start": 495}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What distinguishes peremptory norms from other principles of customary law?", "id": "56f7ece0aef2371900625c63", "answers": [{"text": "permitting no violations and so cannot be altered through treaty obligations", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of a type of universally prohibited action that no state can legally assume an obligation to commit or permit through a treaty?", "id": "56f7ece0aef2371900625c64", "answers": [{"text": "genocide", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A treaty is null and void if it is in violation of a peremptory norm. These norms, unlike other principles of customary law, are recognized as permitting no violations and so cannot be altered through treaty obligations. These are limited to such universally accepted prohibitions as those against the aggressive use of force, genocide and other crimes against humanity, piracy, hostilities directed at civilian population, racial discrimination and apartheid, slavery and torture, meaning that no state can legally assume an obligation to commit or permit such acts."}], ["Perlembagaan persekutuan Brazil menyatakan bahawa kuasa untuk memasuki perjanjian adalah terletak pada presiden dan perjanjian itu mesti diluluskan oleh Kongres (artikel 84, klausa VIII, dan 49, fasal I). Dalam praktiknya, ini telah ditafsirkan sebagai makna bahawa cawangan eksekutif bebas untuk berunding dan menandatangani perjanjian, tetapi ratifikasi oleh presiden adalah bergantung kepada persetujuan Kongres terlebih dahulu. Di samping itu, Mahkamah Agung Persekutuan memutuskan bahawa, selepas pengesahan dan permulaan kuat kuasa, perjanjian mesti dimasukkan ke dalam undang-undang dalam negeri melalui perintah presiden yang diterbitkan dalam daftar persekutuan untuk sah di Brazil dan diguna pakai oleh pihak berkuasa Brazil. <> Apa bahagian pengantaraan persekutuan Brazil menyatakan bahawa kuasa untuk memasuki perjanjian adalah terletak pada presiden dan perjanjian itu harus diluluskan oleh Kongres? || artikel 84, klausa VIII, dan 49, fasal I <> Dalam praktiknya presiden Brazil mesti mendapat persetujuan terlebih dahulu mengenai badan apa untuk merundingkan dan menandatangani perjanjian? || Kongres <> Apa institusi Brazil telah memutuskan bahawa perjanjian harus dimasukkan ke dalam undang-undang dalam negeri melalui perintah presiden? || Mahkamah Agung Persekutuan <> Agar suatu perjanjian menjadi sah di Brazil, keputusan presiden yang menggabungkan perjanjian ke dalam hukum domestik harus diterbitkan di mana untuk berlaku? || pendaftaran persekutuan <> Dalam pejabat apakah kuasa untuk memasuki perjanjian yang diluluskan mengikut perlembagaan persekutuan Brazil? || presiden", {"qas": [{"question": "What part of the Brazilian federal consitution states that the power to enter into treaties is vested in the president and that such treaties must be approved by Congress?", "id": "56f7f1d8a6d7ea1400e172f5", "answers": [{"text": "articles 84, clause VIII, and 49, clause I", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In practice the Brazilian president must get the prior approval of what body in order to negotiate and sign a treaty?", "id": "56f7f1d8a6d7ea1400e172f6", "answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Brazilian institution has ruled that a treaty must be incorporated into domestic law by means of a presidential decree?", "id": "56f7f1d8a6d7ea1400e172f7", "answers": [{"text": "the Federal Supreme Court", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In order for a treaty to be valid in Brazil, a presidential decree incorporating the treaty into domestic law must be published where in order to be valid?", "id": "56f7f1d8a6d7ea1400e172f8", "answers": [{"text": "the federal register", "answer_start": 606}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what office is the power to enter into treaties vested according to the Brazilian federal constitution?", "id": "56f7f1d8a6d7ea1400e172f9", "answers": [{"text": "president", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Brazilian federal constitution states that the power to enter into treaties is vested in the president and that such treaties must be approved by Congress (articles 84, clause VIII, and 49, clause I). In practice, this has been interpreted as meaning that the executive branch is free to negotiate and sign a treaty, but its ratification by the president is contingent upon the prior approval of Congress. Additionally, the Federal Supreme Court has ruled that, following ratification and entry into force, a treaty must be incorporated into domestic law by means of a presidential decree published in the federal register in order to be valid in Brazil and applicable by the Brazilian authorities."}], ["Di Amerika Syarikat, istilah \"perjanjian\" mempunyai pengertian hukum yang jauh lebih terhad daripada wujud dalam undang-undang antarabangsa. Undang-undang Amerika Syarikat membezakan apa yang dipanggil perjanjian dari perjanjian eksekutif, perjanjian kongres-eksekutif, dan perjanjian eksekutif tunggal. Semua empat kelas adalah sama dengan perjanjian di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa; mereka berbeza daripada perspektif undang-undang dalaman Amerika. Perbezaan ini terutama berkaitan dengan kaedah kelulusan mereka. Manakala perjanjian memerlukan nasihat dan persetujuan oleh dua pertiga dari para Senator yang hadir, perjanjian eksekutif tunggal dapat dijalankan oleh Presiden yang bertindak sendirian. Sesetengah triti memberi Presiden kuasa untuk mengisi jurang dengan perjanjian eksekutif, bukannya perjanjian tambahan atau protokol. Akhirnya, perjanjian kongres-eksekutif memerlukan kelulusan majoriti oleh Dewan dan Senat, sama ada sebelum atau selepas perjanjian ditandatangani oleh Presiden. <> Perjanjian, perjanjian eksekutif, perjanjian kongres-eksekutif, dan perjanjian eksekutif tunggal adalah sama di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa tetapi berbeza berkenaan dengan apa? || Undang-undang dalaman Amerika <> Di bawah undang-undang Amerika Syarikat, apa yang terutamanya membezakan perjanjian, perjanjian eksekutif, perjanjian kongres-eksekutif, dan perjanjian eksekutif tunggal? || kaedah persetujuan mereka <> Berapa peratus daripada Senator Amerika Syarikat mesti memberikan nasihat dan persetujuan agar AS memasuki perjanjian? || dua pertiga <> Apa jenis perjanjian yang mungkin memasuki presiden AS dengan bertindak sendirian? || perjanjian eksekutif tunggal <> Apa jenis perjanjian yang memerlukan kelulusan majoriti oleh Dewan dan Senat sebelum atau selepas perjanjian ditandatangani oleh presiden Amerika Syarikat? || perjanjian kongres-eksekutif", {"qas": [{"question": "Treaties, executive agreements, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements are the same under international law but different with respect to what?", "id": "56f7f5e9aef2371900625ce8", "answers": [{"text": "internal American law", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Under US law, what primarily distinguishes treaties, executive agreements, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements?", "id": "56f7f5e9aef2371900625ce9", "answers": [{"text": "their method of approval", "answer_start": 442}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of United States Senators must give advice and consent in order for the US to enter a treaty?", "id": "56f7f5e9aef2371900625cea", "answers": [{"text": "two-thirds", "answer_start": 515}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of agreement may a US president enter by acting alone?", "id": "56f7f5e9aef2371900625ceb", "answers": [{"text": "sole executive agreements", "answer_start": 551}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of agreement requires majority approval by both the House and the Senate before or after a treaty is signed by the United States president?", "id": "56f7f5e9aef2371900625cec", "answers": [{"text": "congressional-executive agreements", "answer_start": 778}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the United States, the term \"treaty\" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President."}], ["Mahkamah Agung Persekutuan telah menetapkan perjanjian itu tertakluk kepada kajian semula perlembagaan dan menikmati kedudukan hierarki yang sama sebagai undang-undang biasa (leis ordin\u00e1rias, atau \"undang-undang biasa\", dalam bahasa Portugis). Keputusan yang lebih baru oleh Mahkamah Agung pada tahun 2008 telah mengubah skema tersebut dengan agak, dengan menyatakan bahawa perjanjian yang mengandungi ketentuan hak asasi manusia menikmati status di atas peraturan perundang-undangan biasa, meskipun mereka tetap berada di bawah perlembagaan itu sendiri. Di samping itu, seperti pindaan ke-45 ke atas perlembagaan, triti hak asasi manusia yang diluluskan oleh Kongres melalui prosedur khas menikmati kedudukan hierarki yang sama sebagai pindaan perlembagaan. Kedudukan hierarki perjanjian yang berkaitan dengan undang-undang dalam negeri adalah relevan dengan perbincangan mengenai sama ada (dan bagaimana) yang terakhir dapat membatalkan bekas dan sebaliknya. <> Mahkamah Persekutuan Persekutuan Brazil telah memutuskan bahawa perjanjian menikmati apa kedudukan berbanding dengan undang-undang biasa? || kedudukan hierarki yang sama <> Dalam tahun berapakah Mahkamah Agung Brasil memerintah bahawa perjanjian yang mengandungi peruntukan hak asasi menikmati status di atas undang-undang biasa? || 2008 <> Apa pindaan kepada perlembagaan Brazil menyatakan bahawa perjanjian hak asasi manusia yang diluluskan melalui prosedur khas oleh Kongres menikmati kedudukan yang sama sebagai pindaan perlembagaan? || pindaan ke-45 <> Kedudukan hierarki perjanjian berbanding dengan perundangan domestik di Brazil menentukan sama ada yang terakhir dapat melakukan apa yang dahulu dan sebaliknya? || abrogate <> Apakah istilah Portugis untuk undang-undang biasa? || leis ordinari", {"qas": [{"question": "The Brazilian Federal Supreme Court has ruled that treaties enjoy what position relative to ordinary legislation?", "id": "56f7f36daef2371900625cba", "answers": [{"text": "same hierarchical position", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Brazilian Supreme Court rule that treaties containing human rights provisions enjoy a status above ordinary legislation?", "id": "56f7f36daef2371900625cbb", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What amendment to the Brazilian constitution states that human rights treaties approved by means of a special procedure by Congress enjoy the same position as a constitutional amendment?", "id": "56f7f36daef2371900625cbc", "answers": [{"text": "the 45th amendment", "answer_start": 480}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The hierarchical position of treaties relative to domestic legislation in Brazil determines whether the latter can do what to the former and vice versa?", "id": "56f7f36daef2371900625cbd", "answers": [{"text": "abrogate", "answer_start": 817}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Portuguese term for ordinary laws?", "id": "56f7f36daef2371900625cbe", "answers": [{"text": "leis ordin\u00e1rias", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Federal Supreme Court has established that treaties are subject to constitutional review and enjoy the same hierarchical position as ordinary legislation (leis ordin\u00e1rias, or \"ordinary laws\", in Portuguese). A more recent ruling by the Supreme Court in 2008 has altered that scheme somewhat, by stating that treaties containing human rights provisions enjoy a status above that of ordinary legislation, though they remain beneath the constitution itself. Additionally, as per the 45th amendment to the constitution, human rights treaties which are approved by Congress by means of a special procedure enjoy the same hierarchical position as a constitutional amendment. The hierarchical position of treaties in relation to domestic legislation is of relevance to the discussion on whether (and how) the latter can abrogate the former and vice versa."}], ["Mahkamah Agung memutuskan di dalam Kes Ketua Wang bahawa \"perjanjian\" tidak mempunyai kedudukan istimewa atas Akta Kongres dan boleh dimansuhkan atau diubahsuai (untuk tujuan undang-undang AS) oleh mana-mana Akta Kongres yang berikutnya, sama seperti mana-mana biasa lain undang-undang. Mahkamah Agung juga memutuskan di Reid v. Covert bahawa sebarang ketentuan perjanjian yang bertentangan dengan Perlembagaan adalah batal dan tidak sah di bawah undang-undang A.S.. <> Dalam kes-kes yang mana Mahkamah Agung AS memerintah bahawa perjanjian tidak mempunyai kedudukan istimewa atas Akta Kongres? || Kes Wang Ketua <> Mahkamah Agung AS memutuskan bahawa perjanjian boleh dimansuhkan atau diubahsuai oleh apa untuk tujuan undang-undang Amerika Syarikat? || Akta Kongres <> Apa kes Mahkamah Agung memutuskan bahawa peruntukan perjanjian yang bertentangan dengan Perlembagaan AS adalah batal dan tidak sah di bawah undang-undang AS? || Reid v. Covert <> Mahkamah Agung AS memutuskan bahawa perjanjian boleh dimansuhkan atau diubahsuai untuk tujuan undang-undang AS seperti apa yang dilakukan oleh Akta Kongres berikutnya? || mana-mana undang-undang biasa lain <> Sebarang perjanjian perjumpaan yang bertentangan dengan Perlembagaan AS dianggap apa di bawah undang-undang AS? || batal dan tidak sah", {"qas": [{"question": "In what cases did the US Supreme Court rule that treaties do not have a privileged position over Acts of Congress?", "id": "56f7f923aef2371900625d0e", "answers": [{"text": "Head Money Cases", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The US Supreme Court ruled that treaties can be repealed or modified by what for the purposes of US law?", "id": "56f7f923aef2371900625d0f", "answers": [{"text": "Act of Congress", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Supreme Court case ruled that a treaty provision that conflicts with the US Constitution is null and void under US law?", "id": "56f7f923aef2371900625d10", "answers": [{"text": "Reid v. Covert", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The US Supreme Court ruled that treaties can be repealed or modified for the purposes of US law just like what by any subsequent Act of Congress?", "id": "56f7f923aef2371900625d11", "answers": [{"text": "any other regular law", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Any treaty provision that conflicts with the US Constitution is considered what under US law?", "id": "56f7f923aef2371900625d12", "answers": [{"text": "null and void", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Supreme Court ruled in the Head Money Cases that \"treaties\" do not have a privileged position over Acts of Congress and can be repealed or modified (for the purposes of U.S. law) by any subsequent Act of Congress, just like with any other regular law. The Supreme Court also ruled in Reid v. Covert that any treaty provision that conflicts with the Constitution are null and void under U.S. law."}], ["Pada masa ini, perjanjian antarabangsa dilaksanakan oleh perjanjian eksekutif dan bukannya perjanjian pada kadar 10: 1. Walaupun mudahnya perjanjian eksekutif, Presiden masih sering memilih untuk meneruskan proses perjanjian rasmi melalui perjanjian eksekutif untuk mendapatkan sokongan kongres atas perkara-perkara yang memerlukan Kongres untuk lulus melaksanakan undang-undang atau dana yang sesuai, dan perjanjian-perjanjian yang mengenakan jangka panjang, terma, obligasi undang-undang yang kompleks di Amerika Syarikat. Sebagai contoh, perjanjian oleh Amerika Syarikat, Iran dan negara-negara lain bukan Perjanjian. <> Di Amerika Syarikat, apakah nisbah perjanjian eksekutif ke perjanjian? || 10: 1 <> Apakah mengenai proses kelulusan perjanjian eksekutif yang mungkin memimpin presiden AS untuk memilih mereka melalui perjanjian? || mudah relatif <> Presiden Amerika Syarikat mungkin lebih suka proses perjanjian formal mengenai hal-hal yang memerlukan Kongres untuk melakukan apa? || lulus melaksanakan undang-undang atau dana yang sesuai <> Presiden Amerika Serikat mungkin lebih suka proses perjanjian formal untuk perjanjian yang mengenakan apa jenis kewajiban hukum di Amerika Serikat? || jangka panjang, kompleks <> Perjanjian antarabangsa antara Amerika Syarikat, negara-negara lain, dan negara kontroversi yang bukan perjanjian? || Iran", {"qas": [{"question": "In the United States, what is the ratio of executive agreements to treaties?", "id": "56f7f7dea6d7ea1400e1732f", "answers": [{"text": "10:1", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is it about the approval process of executive agreements might lead a US president to prefer them over treaties?", "id": "56f7f7dea6d7ea1400e17330", "answers": [{"text": "the relative ease", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The president of the United States might prefer the formal treaty process on matters that require Congress to do what?", "id": "56f7f7dea6d7ea1400e17331", "answers": [{"text": "pass implementing legislation or appropriate funds", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The president of the United States might prefer the formal treaty process for agreements that impose what type of legal obligations on the US?", "id": "56f7f7dea6d7ea1400e17332", "answers": [{"text": "long-term, complex", "answer_start": 425}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The international deal between the US, other countries, and what controversial nation is not a treaty?", "id": "56f7f7dea6d7ea1400e17333", "answers": [{"text": "Iran", "answer_start": 528}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Currently, international agreements are executed by executive agreement rather than treaties at a rate of 10:1. Despite the relative ease of executive agreements, the President still often chooses to pursue the formal treaty process over an executive agreement in order to gain congressional support on matters that require the Congress to pass implementing legislation or appropriate funds, and those agreements that impose long-term, complex legal obligations on the United States. For example, the deal by the United States, Iran and other countries is not a Treaty."}], ["Perjanjian menjadi sebahagian penting dalam penjajahan Eropah dan, di banyak tempat di dunia, orang Eropah cuba untuk mengesahkan kedaulatan mereka dengan menandatangani perjanjian dengan orang-orang asli. Dalam kebanyakan kes, perjanjian-perjanjian ini dalam istilah yang sangat merugikan kepada orang asli, yang sering tidak menghargai implikasi dari apa yang mereka tandatangani. <> Apa yang membentuk bahagian penting penjajahan Eropah? || Perjanjian <> Dengan siapa orang-orang Eropah cuba menandatangani perjanjian untuk mengesahkan kedaulatan mereka semasa penjajahan? || Orang-orang asli <> Apakah istilah-istilah yang berkaitan dengan orang Eropah yang kebanyakan orang pribumi menikmati di bawah perjanjian? || istilah yang sangat merugikan <> Apa aspek perjanjian yang ditandatangan orang-orang pribumi dengan orang-orang Eropah biasanya tidak memahami? || implikasi <> Apa yang orang Eropah cuba mengesahkan seluruh dunia dengan menandatangani perjanjian dengan orang asli? || kedaulatan mereka", {"qas": [{"question": "What formed an important part of European colonization?", "id": "56f7fb59aef2371900625d22", "answers": [{"text": "Treaties", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With whom did Europeans attempt to sign treaties in order to legitimize their sovereignty during colonization?", "id": "56f7fb59aef2371900625d23", "answers": [{"text": "indigenous peoples", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What terms in relation to Europeans did most indigenous people enjoy under treaties?", "id": "56f7fb59aef2371900625d24", "answers": [{"text": "extremely disadvantageous terms", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What aspect of the treaties that indigenous people signed with Europeans did the indigenous people typically not understand?", "id": "56f7fb59aef2371900625d25", "answers": [{"text": "the implications", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Europeans try to legitimize all over the world by signing treaties with indigenous people?", "id": "56f7fb59aef2371900625d26", "answers": [{"text": "their sovereignty", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Treaties formed an important part of European colonization and, in many parts of the world, Europeans attempted to legitimize their sovereignty by signing treaties with indigenous peoples. In most cases these treaties were in extremely disadvantageous terms to the native people, who often did not appreciate the implications of what they were signing."}], ["Sebelum tahun 1871, kerajaan Amerika Syarikat kerap memasuki perjanjian dengan Orang Asli Amerika tetapi Akta Peruntukkan India pada 3 Mac 1871 (ms. 120, 16 Stat 563) mempunyai penunggang (25 USC \u00a7 71) yang berakhir dengan berkesan perjanjian perjanjian Presiden dengan menyatakan bahwa tidak ada negara atau suku kaum India yang harus diakui sebagai negara, suku, atau kekuasaan yang independen yang dengannya Amerika Serikat dapat mengikat perjanjian. Kerajaan persekutuan terus menyediakan hubungan kontrak yang sama dengan puak-puak India selepas 1871 oleh perjanjian, statut, dan perintah eksekutif. <> Apakah tindakan perundangan yang disediakan bahawa tidak ada negara India yang akan diakui sebagai negara merdeka yang dengannya Amerika Syarikat boleh mengikat perjanjian dengan perjanjian? || Akta Peruntukkan India pada 3 Mac 1871 <> Oleh apa kerajaan persekutuan AS memberikan hubungan kontraktual dengan puak-puak India berikutan Akta Peruntukan India pada 3 Mac 1871? || perjanjian, statut dan arahan eksekutif <> Sebelum tahun apa Amerika Syarikat kerap memasuki perjanjian dengan Orang Asli Amerika? || 1871 <> Penunggang ke Akta Peruntukan India 1871 dengan syarat bahawa tidak ada negara India yang diakui sebagai apa? || bangsa, suku, atau kuasa merdeka <> Penunggang ke Akta Peruntukan India pada tahun 1871 dengan syarat bahawa kerajaan AS tidak boleh melakukan apa dengan negara India? || kontrak dengan perjanjian", {"qas": [{"question": "What legislative act provided that no Indian nation shall be acknowledged as an independent nation with whom the United States may contract by treaty?", "id": "56f7ff5faef2371900625d54", "answers": [{"text": "Indian Appropriations Act of March 3, 1871", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what did the US federal government provide contractual relations with Indian tribes following the Indian Appropriations Act of March 3, 1871?", "id": "56f7ff5faef2371900625d55", "answers": [{"text": "agreements, statutes, and executive orders", "answer_start": 542}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Prior to what year did the United States regularly enter into treaties with Native Americans?", "id": "56f7ff5faef2371900625d56", "answers": [{"text": "1871", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A rider to the Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 provided that no Indian nation shall be acknowledged as what?", "id": "56f7ff5faef2371900625d57", "answers": [{"text": "an independent nation, tribe, or power", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A rider to the Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 provided that the US government could not do what with an Indian nation?", "id": "56f7ff5faef2371900625d58", "answers": [{"text": "contract by treaty", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Prior to 1871, the government of the United States regularly entered into treaties with Native Americans but the Indian Appropriations Act of March 3, 1871 (ch. 120, 16 Stat. 563) had a rider (25 U.S.C. \u00a7 71) attached that effectively ended the President\u2019s treaty making by providing that no Indian nation or tribe shall be acknowledged as an independent nation, tribe, or power with whom the United States may contract by treaty. The federal government continued to provide similar contractual relations with the Indian tribes after 1871 by agreements, statutes, and executive orders."}], ["Dalam beberapa kes yang jarang berlaku, seperti dengan Ethiopia dan Dinasti Qing China, kerajaan tempatan dapat menggunakan perjanjian untuk sekurang-kurangnya mengurangkan dampak penjajahan Eropah. Ini melibatkan pembelajaran selok-belok kastam diplomatik Eropah dan kemudian menggunakan perjanjian untuk menghalang kuasa daripada melepaskan perjanjian mereka atau dengan memainkan kuasa yang berbeza terhadap satu sama lain. <> Dalam apa dua kes yang jarang berlaku ialah kerajaan tempatan dapat mengurangkan impak penjajahan Eropah melalui perjanjian? || Ethiopia dan dinasti Qing China <> Apa yang orang-orang Ethiopia belajar untuk menggunakan perjanjian untuk menghalang kuasa Eropah dari melampaui perjanjian mereka? || kerumitan kastam diplomatik Eropah <> Kedua-dua Ethiopia dan Dinasti Qing China mempelajari selok-belok kastam diplomatik Eropah untuk mengurangkan apa yang melalui perjanjian? || kesan penjajahan Eropah <> Selain menghalang kuasa daripada melampaui perjanjian mereka, bagaimanakah Ethiopia dapat mengurangkan kesan penjajahan Eropah? || dengan memainkan kuasa yang berbeza terhadap satu sama lain <> Ethiopia dan Dinasti Qing China berdua dapat menghalang kuasa Eropah dari melakukan apa ke perjanjian mereka? || melepaskan diri", {"qas": [{"question": "In what two rare cases were local governments able to mitigate the impact of of European colonization through treaties?", "id": "56f7fcbdaef2371900625d2c", "answers": [{"text": "Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Ethiopians learn in order to use treaties to prevent a European power from overstepping their agreement?", "id": "56f7fcbdaef2371900625d2d", "answers": [{"text": "the intricacies of European diplomatic customs", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Both Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China learned the intricacies of European diplomatic customs to mitigate what through treaties?", "id": "56f7fcbdaef2371900625d2e", "answers": [{"text": "the impact of European colonization", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to preventing a power from overstepping their agreement, how was Ethiopia able to mitigate the impact of European colonization?", "id": "56f7fcbdaef2371900625d2f", "answers": [{"text": "by playing different powers against each other", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China were both able to prevent European powers from doing what to their agreements?", "id": "56f7fcbeaef2371900625d30", "answers": [{"text": "overstepping", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In some rare cases, such as with Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China, the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization. This involved learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs and then using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other."}], ["Di India, subjek undang-undang dibahagikan kepada 3 senarai - Senarai UU, Senarai Negeri dan Senarai Serentak. Dalam proses perundangan yang biasa, subjek dalam senarai Kesatuan hanya boleh digubal oleh badan perundangan pusat yang dipanggil Parlimen India, untuk subjek dalam senarai negara hanya undang-undang negara masing-masing boleh meluluskan. Sementara untuk subjek serentak, kedua pusat dan negara boleh membuat undang-undang. Tetapi untuk melaksanakan perjanjian antarabangsa, Parlimen boleh membuat undang-undang mengenai mana-mana subjek yang menggariskan pembahagian umum senarai subjek. <> Ke dalam apa 3 senarai subjek undang-undang dibahagikan di India? || Senarai Kesatuan, Senarai Negeri dan Senarai Serentak <> Apa jenis subjek perundangan boleh kedua-dua badan perundangan pusat dan perundangan negeri membuat undang-undang? || Subjek serentak <> Apakah badan perundangan pusat di India? || Parlimen India <> Untuk melaksanakan triti antarabangsa, untuk subjek apa yang boleh Parlemen India meluluskan untuk menimpa pembahagian umum senarai subjek? || mana-mana subjek <> Subjek apa saja yang boleh digubal oleh badan perundangan pusat di India? || subjek dalam senarai Kesatuan", {"qas": [{"question": "Into what 3 lists are legislation subjects divided in India?", "id": "56f7fa5da6d7ea1400e1734b", "answers": [{"text": "Union List, State List and Concurrent List", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of legislative subjects can both the central legislative body and state legislatures make laws?", "id": "56f7fa5da6d7ea1400e1734c", "answers": [{"text": "Concurrent subjects", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the central legislative body in India?", "id": "56f7fa5da6d7ea1400e1734d", "answers": [{"text": "Parliament of India", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In order to implement international treaties, for what subjects can the Parliament of India legislate to override the general division of subject lists?", "id": "56f7fa5da6d7ea1400e1734e", "answers": [{"text": "any subject", "answer_start": 465}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What subjects can only be legislated by the central legislative body in India?", "id": "56f7fa5da6d7ea1400e1734f", "answers": [{"text": "the subjects in Union list", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In India, the legislation subjects are divided into 3 lists -Union List, State List and Concurrent List . In the normal legislation process, the subjects in Union list can only be legislated upon by central legislative body called Parliament of India, for subjects in state list only respective state legislature can legislate. While for Concurrent subjects, both center and state can make laws. But to implement international treaties, Parliament can legislate on any subject overriding the general division of subject lists."}], ["Dalam kes lain, seperti New Zealand dan Kanada, perjanjian membenarkan orang asli untuk mengekalkan jumlah minimum autonomi. Dalam kes Australia asli, tidak seperti M\u0101ori di New Zealand, tiada perjanjian yang pernah dibuat dengan orang-orang asli yang melayakkan orang Eropah ke pemilikan tanah, di bawah doktrin terra nullius (kemudian dibatalkan oleh Mabo v Queensland, menubuhkan konsep tajuk asal selepas kolonisasi sudah menjadi kenyataan). Perjanjian-perjanjian seperti penjajah dan orang-orang pribumi adalah bahagian penting dalam wacana politik pada akhir abad ke-20 dan awal abad ke-21, perjanjian-perjanjian yang dibincangkan mempunyai kedudukan antarabangsa seperti yang telah dinyatakan dalam kajian perjanjian oleh PBB. <> Apakah orang asli dapat mengekalkan jumlah minimum melalui perjanjian? || otonomi <> Apa masyarakat pribumi New Zealand memasuki sebuah perjanjian yang memberi hak Eropah kepada pemilikan tanah? || M\u0101ori <> Apakah doktrin yang diterbangkan oleh Mabo v Queensland yang membina konsep tajuk asal? || terra nullius <> Konsep gelaran asli telah dibentuk oleh kes pengadilan apa? || Mabo v Queensland <> Perjanjian antara orang-orang asli dan apa kumpulan lain membentuk bahagian penting dalam wacana politik pada akhir abad ke-20 dan awal abad ke-21? || penjajah", {"qas": [{"question": "What were native peoples able to maintain a minimum amount of through treaties?", "id": "56f7fdf7aef2371900625d40", "answers": [{"text": "autonomy", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What indigenous people of New Zealand entered into a treaty entitling Europeans to land ownership?", "id": "56f7fdf7aef2371900625d41", "answers": [{"text": "M\u0101ori", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What doctrine was overturned by Mabo v Queensland establishing the concept of native title?", "id": "56f7fdf7aef2371900625d42", "answers": [{"text": "terra nullius", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The concept of native title was established by what court case?", "id": "56f7fdf7aef2371900625d43", "answers": [{"text": "Mabo v Queensland", "answer_start": 359}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Treaties between indigenous peoples and what other groups formed an important part of political discourse in the late 20th and early 21st century?", "id": "56f7fdf7aef2371900625d44", "answers": [{"text": "colonizers", "answer_start": 495}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In other cases, such as New Zealand and Canada, treaties allowed native peoples to maintain a minimum amount of autonomy. In the case of indigenous Australians, unlike with the M\u0101ori of New Zealand, no treaty was ever entered into with the indigenous peoples entitling the Europeans to land ownership, under the doctrine of terra nullius (later overturned by Mabo v Queensland, establishing the concept of native title well after colonization was already a fait accompli). Such treaties between colonizers and indigenous peoples are an important part of political discourse in the late 20th and early 21st century, the treaties being discussed have international standing as has been stated in a treaty study by the UN."}]], [["Josip Broz Tito (Cyrillic: \u0408\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043f \u0411\u0440\u043e\u0437 \u0422\u0438\u0442\u043e, dilahirkan [j\u01d2sip br\u00f4\u02d0z t\u00eeto], dilahirkan Josip Broz; 7 Mei 1892 [nb 1] - 4 Mei 1980) adalah seorang revolusioner dan negarawan Yugoslavia, berkhidmat dalam pelbagai peranan dari tahun 1943 hingga kematiannya 1980. Semasa Perang Dunia II dia menjadi pemimpin Partisan, yang sering dianggap pergerakan perlawanan paling berkesan di Eropah. Walaupun kepresidenannya telah dikritik sebagai autoritarian, dan kebimbangan tentang penindasan terhadap penentang politik telah dibangkitkan, Tito \"dilihat oleh kebanyakan sebagai diktator yang baik\" akibat dasar ekonomi dan diplomatiknya. Beliau adalah tokoh awam yang popular di Yugoslavia dan di luar negara. Dilihat sebagai simbol pemersatu, dasar dalamannya mengekalkan kesetiaan bersama negara-negara persekutuan Yugoslavia. Beliau mendapat perhatian antarabangsa sebagai ketua gerakan Non-Blok, bekerja dengan Jawaharlal Nehru dari India, Gamal Abdel Nasser dari Mesir dan Sukarno dari Indonesia. <> Dalam tahun apakah Josip Broz Tito mati? || 1980 <> Semasa Perang Dunia II apakah pergerakan perlawanan yang dipimpinnya? || Partisans, <> Untuk negara apa Tito dilihat sebagai tokoh penyatu? || Yugoslavia <> Dalam Gerakan Non-Blok, yang pemimpin Mesir melakukan kerja Tito? || Gamal Abdel Nasser <> Dalam Gerakan Non-Blok, yang mana pemimpin Indonesia telah bekerja dengan Tito? || Sukarno", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Josip Broz Tito die?", "id": "56f71177711bf01900a4490a", "answers": [{"text": "1980", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During World War II what resistance movement did he lead?", "id": "56f71177711bf01900a4490b", "answers": [{"text": "the Partisans,", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what country is Tito viewed as  unifying figure?", "id": "56f71177711bf01900a4490c", "answers": [{"text": "Yugoslavia", "answer_start": 627}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the Non-Aligned Movement, which Egyptian leader did Tito work with?", "id": "56f71177711bf01900a4490d", "answers": [{"text": "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "answer_start": 911}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the Non-Aligned Movement, which Indonesian leader did Tito work with?", "id": "56f71177711bf01900a4490e", "answers": [{"text": "Sukarno", "answer_start": 943}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Josip Broz Tito (Cyrillic: \u0408\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043f \u0411\u0440\u043e\u0437 \u0422\u0438\u0442\u043e, pronounced [j\u01d2sip br\u00f4\u02d0z t\u00eeto]; born Josip Broz; 7 May 1892[nb 1] \u2013 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman, serving in various roles from 1943 until his death in 1980. During World War II he was the leader of the Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in occupied Europe. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, and concerns about the repression of political opponents have been raised, Tito was \"seen by most as a benevolent dictator\" due to his economic and diplomatic policies. He was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad. Viewed as a unifying symbol, his internal policies maintained the peaceful coexistence of the nations of the Yugoslav federation. He gained further international attention as the chief leader of the Non-Aligned Movement, working with Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt and Sukarno of Indonesia."}], ["Josip Broz dilahirkan pada seorang bapa Croat dan ibu Slovene di kampung Kumrovec, Croatia. Draf ke dalam perkhidmatan ketenteraan, dia membezakan dirinya, menjadi Sarjan Utama termuda dalam Tentera Austro-Hungarian pada masa itu. Selepas cedera parah dan ditangkap oleh Rusia Kekaisaran semasa Perang Dunia I, Josip dihantar ke kem kerja di Pegunungan Ural. Beliau mengambil bahagian dalam Revolusi Oktober, dan kemudian menyertai unit Pengawal Merah di Omsk. Selepas pulang ke rumahnya, Broz mendapati dirinya di Kerajaan Yugoslavia yang baru ditubuhkan, di mana beliau menyertai Parti Komunis Yugoslavia (KPJ). <> Apakah etnik itu ibu Tito? || Slovene <> Apa etnik adalah bapa Tito? || Croat <> Siapa yang menawannya semasa Perang Dunia I? || Orang Rusia <> Tito bergabung dengan unit mana di Omsk? || Pengawal Merah <> Apa parti di Yugoslavia dia menyertai? || parti Komunis", {"qas": [{"question": "What ethnicity was Tito's mother?", "id": "56f714ef711bf01900a4491e", "answers": [{"text": "Slovene", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ethnicity was Tito's father?", "id": "56f714ef711bf01900a4491f", "answers": [{"text": "Croat", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who captured him during World War I?", "id": "56f714ef711bf01900a44920", "answers": [{"text": "the Imperial Russians", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tito joined which unit in Omsk?", "id": "56f714ef711bf01900a44921", "answers": [{"text": "Red Guard", "answer_start": 434}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What party in Yugoslavia did he join?", "id": "56f714ef711bf01900a44922", "answers": [{"text": "Communist Party", "answer_start": 567}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Josip Broz was born to a Croat father and Slovene mother in the village of Kumrovec, Croatia. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest Sergeant Major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Imperial Russians during World War I, Josip was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. He participated in the October Revolution, and later joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk. Upon his return home, Broz found himself in the newly established Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ)."}], ["Tito adalah arkitek ketua Yugoslavia kedua, sebuah persekutuan sosialis yang berlangsung dari 1943 hingga 1991-92. Walaupun menjadi salah seorang pengasas Cominform, tidak lama lagi beliau menjadi anggota Cominform yang pertama untuk menentang hegemoni Soviet dan satu-satunya yang berjaya meninggalkan Cominform dan memulakan program sosialisnya sendiri. Tito adalah penyokong jalan bebas ke sosialisme (kadang-kadang disebut sebagai \"komunisme kebangsaan\"). Pada tahun 1951 beliau melaksanakan sistem pengurusan diri yang membezakan Yugoslavia dari negara-negara sosialis yang lain. Beralih ke arah model sosialisme pasaran membawa perkembangan ekonomi pada tahun 1950-an dan 1960-an dan penurunan pada tahun 1970-an. Dasar dalamannya termasuk penindasan sentimen nasionalis dan mempromosikan \"persaudaraan dan kesatuan\" dari enam negara Yugoslavia. Selepas kematian Tito pada tahun 1980, ketegangan antara republik Yugoslav muncul dan pada tahun 1991 negara itu telah hancur dan menjadi siri peperangan dan kerusuhan yang berlangsung sepanjang sedekad, dan yang terus memberi impak kepada kebanyakan bekas republik Yugoslavia. Dia tetap menjadi tokoh yang sangat kontroversi di Balkan. <> Bilakah Yugoslavia kedua bermula? || 1943 <> Kumpulan apa yang dilakukan Tito? || Cominform <> Bilakah Tito melaksanakan sistem pengurusan diri yang membezakan Yugoslavia dari coutnries sosialis lain? || 1951 <> Bilakah Yugoslavia terpecah? || 1991", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the second Yugoslavia start?", "id": "56f715e43d8e2e1400e3732c", "answers": [{"text": "1943", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group did Tito found?", "id": "56f715e43d8e2e1400e3732d", "answers": [{"text": "Cominform", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Tito implement a self-management system that differentiated Yugoslavia from other socialist coutnries?", "id": "56f715e43d8e2e1400e3732e", "answers": [{"text": "1951", "answer_start": 418}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Yugoslavia disintegrate?", "id": "56f715e43d8e2e1400e37330", "answers": [{"text": "1991", "answer_start": 884}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Tito was the chief architect of the second Yugoslavia, a socialist federation that lasted from 1943 to 1991\u201392. Despite being one of the founders of Cominform, soon he became the first Cominform member to defy Soviet hegemony and the only one to manage to leave Cominform and begin with its own socialist program. Tito was a backer of independent roads to socialism (sometimes referred to as \"national communism\"). In 1951 he implemented a self-management system that differentiated Yugoslavia from other socialist countries. A turn towards a model of market socialism brought economic expansion in the 1950s and 1960s and a decline during the 1970s. His internal policies included the suppression of nationalist sentiment and the promotion of the \"brotherhood and unity\" of the six Yugoslav nations. After Tito's death in 1980, tensions between the Yugoslav republics emerged and in 1991 the country disintegrated and went into a series of wars and unrest that lasted the rest of the decade, and which continue to impact most of the former Yugoslav republics. He remains a very controversial figure in the Balkans."}], ["Pada tahun 1934 Jawatankuasa Wilayah Zagreb menghantar Tito ke Vienna di mana semua Jawatankuasa Pusat Parti Komunis Yugoslavia telah memohon perlindungan. Beliau dilantik ke Jawatankuasa dan mula melantik sekutu kepadanya, antara mereka Edvard Kardelj, Milovan \u0110ilas, Aleksandar Rankovi\u0107 dan Boris Kidri\u010d. Pada tahun 1935, Tito mengembara ke Kesatuan Soviet, bekerja selama setahun di bahagian Balkan Comintern. Beliau adalah ahli Parti Komunis Soviet dan polis rahsia Soviet (NKVD). Tito juga terlibat dalam merekrut Batalion Dimitrov, sekumpulan sukarelawan yang berkhidmat dalam Perang Saudara Sepanyol. Pada tahun 1936, Komintern menghantar \"Kasut Walter\" (iaitu Tito) kembali ke Yugoslavia untuk membersihkan Parti Komunis di sana. Pada tahun 1937, Stalin mempunyai Setiausaha Agung CPY, Milan Gorki\u0107, dibunuh di Moscow. Seterusnya Tito dilantik Setiausaha Agung CPY yang masih terlarang. <> Bilakah Tito dihantar ke Vienna? || 1934 <> Siapa yang telah dibunuh oleh Stalin pada tahun 1937? || Milan Gorki\u0107 <> Di manakah Ketua Setiausaha CPY dibunuh? || Moscow <> Siapa yang menjadi Setiausaha Agung CPY selepas yang terdahulu dibunuh? || Tito <> Siapa yang dikenali sebagai \"Kawan Walter\"? || Tito", {"qas": [{"question": "When was Tito sent to Vienna?", "id": "56f71a5e3d8e2e1400e3735a", "answers": [{"text": "1934", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Stalin have murdered in 1937?", "id": "56f71a5e3d8e2e1400e3735b", "answers": [{"text": "Milan Gorki\u0107", "answer_start": 771}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Secretary-General of the CPY murdered?", "id": "56f71a5e3d8e2e1400e3735c", "answers": [{"text": "Moscow", "answer_start": 797}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who became Secretary-General of the CPY after the prior one was murdered?", "id": "56f71a5e3d8e2e1400e3735d", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 818}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is known as \"Comrade Walter\"?", "id": "56f71a5e3d8e2e1400e3735e", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 656}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1934 the Zagreb Provincial Committee sent Tito to Vienna where all the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia had sought refuge. He was appointed to the Committee and started to appoint allies to him, among them Edvard Kardelj, Milovan \u0110ilas, Aleksandar Rankovi\u0107 and Boris Kidri\u010d. In 1935, Tito travelled to the Soviet Union, working for a year in the Balkans section of Comintern. He was a member of the Soviet Communist Party and the Soviet secret police (NKVD). Tito was also involved in recruiting for the Dimitrov Battalion, a group of volunteers serving in the Spanish Civil War. In 1936, the Comintern sent \"Comrade Walter\" (i.e. Tito) back to Yugoslavia to purge the Communist Party there. In 1937, Stalin had the Secretary-General of the CPY, Milan Gorki\u0107, murdered in Moscow. Subsequently Tito was appointed Secretary-General of the still-outlawed CPY."}], ["Pada musim luruh tahun 1913, dia ditugaskan ke Tentera Austro-Hungary. Dia dihantar ke sebuah sekolah untuk pegawai yang tidak bertugas dan menjadi seorang sarjan, yang berkhidmat dalam Resimen Kroasia ke-25 yang berpusat di Zagreb. Pada bulan Mei 1914, Broz memenangi pingat perak di gelanggang lawan tentera di Budapest. Semasa pecahnya Perang Dunia I pada tahun 1914, beliau telah dihantar ke Ruma, di mana beliau telah ditangkap kerana propaganda anti-perang dan dipenjarakan di kubu Petrovaradin. Pada bulan Januari 1915, beliau dihantar ke Barisan Timur di Galicia untuk melawan Rusia. Dia membezakan dirinya sebagai seorang askar yang mampu, menjadi Sarjan Utama termuda dalam Tentera Austro-Hungarian. Kerana keberaniannya dalam menghadapi musuh, dia disyorkan untuk Pingat Silver Bravery tetapi dibawa tawanan perang sebelum ia boleh dipersembahkan secara rasmi. Pada 25 Mac 1915, semasa di Bukovina, dia cedera parah dan ditangkap oleh orang Rusia. <> Bilakah dia ditugaskan ke tentera? || 1913 <> Apa kedudukan dalam tentera dia menjadi selepas sekolah pejabat? || sarjan <> Apa persaingannya dia memenangi pingat perak? || pedang <> Untuk kejahatan apa yang dia ditangkap? || propaganda anti-perang <> Di mana Tito serioiusly cedera dan ditawan oleh Rusia di? || Bukovina", {"qas": [{"question": "When was he conscripted into the army?", "id": "56f71780711bf01900a4493c", "answers": [{"text": "1913", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What position in the army did he become after office school?", "id": "56f71780711bf01900a4493d", "answers": [{"text": "sergeant", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What competition did he win a silver medal in?", "id": "56f71780711bf01900a4493e", "answers": [{"text": "fencing", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what crime was he arrested?", "id": "56f71780711bf01900a4493f", "answers": [{"text": "anti-war propaganda", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Tito serioiusly wounded and captured by the Russians at?", "id": "56f71780711bf01900a44940", "answers": [{"text": "Bukovina", "answer_start": 825}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the autumn of 1913, he was conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian Army. He was sent to a school for non-commissioned officers and became a sergeant, serving in the 25th Croatian Regiment based in Zagreb. In May 1914, Broz won a silver medal at an army fencing competition in Budapest. At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, he was sent to Ruma, where he was arrested for anti-war propaganda and imprisoned in the Petrovaradin fortress. In January 1915, he was sent to the Eastern Front in Galicia to fight against Russia. He distinguished himself as a capable soldier, becoming the youngest Sergeant Major in the Austro-Hungarian Army. For his bravery in the face of the enemy, he was recommended for the Silver Bravery Medal but was taken prisoner of war before it could be formally presented. On 25 March 1915, while in Bukovina, he was seriously wounded and captured by the Russians."}], ["Pada 6 April 1941, pasukan Jerman, dengan bantuan Hungary dan Itali, melancarkan serangan ke atas Yugoslavia. Pada 10 April 1941, Slavko Kvaternik mengisytiharkan Negara Bebas Croatia, dan Tito bertindak balas dengan membentuk Jawatankuasa Tentera dalam Jawatankuasa Pusat Parti Komunis Yugoslavia. Diserang dari semua pihak, angkatan bersenjata Kerajaan Yugoslavia dengan cepat runtuh. Pada 17 April 1941, selepas Raja Peter II dan ahli-ahli lain kerajaan melarikan diri dari negara itu, wakil kerajaan dan tentera yang lain bertemu dengan pegawai Jerman di Belgrade. Mereka dengan cepat bersetuju untuk menamatkan rintangan ketenteraan. Pada 1 Mei 1941, Tito mengeluarkan risalah memanggil rakyat untuk bersatu dalam peperangan menentang pendudukan. Pada 27 Jun 1941, Jawatankuasa Pusat Parti Komunis Yugoslavia melantik Tito Commander sebagai ketua pasukan tentera pembebasan kebangsaan projek. Pada 1 Julai 1941, Comintern menghantar arahan tepat memanggil tindakan segera. <> Bilakah pasukan Jerman melancarkan serangan ke Yugoslavia? || 6 April 1941 <> Raja manakah yang melarikan diri dari negara itu pada tahun 1941? || Raja Peter II <> Apa yang digunakan oleh Tito untuk menakut-nakut orang dalam peperangan menentang pendudukan itu pada tahun 1941? || risalah <> Apakah kedudukan Tito yang dilantik pada tahun 1941 oleh Jawatankuasa Pusat? || Ketua semua pasukan tentera pembebasan kebangsaan projek. <> Pada tahun 1941, di mana para wakil kerajaan dan tentera bertemu dengan pegawai Jerman? || Belgrade", {"qas": [{"question": "When did German forces launch an invasion of Yugoslavia?", "id": "56f71ca1711bf01900a4497c", "answers": [{"text": "6 April 1941", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which king fled the country in 1941?", "id": "56f71ca1711bf01900a4497d", "answers": [{"text": "King Peter II", "answer_start": 413}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Tito use to get the people to unit in a battle against the occupation in 1941?", "id": "56f71ca1711bf01900a4497e", "answers": [{"text": "pamphlet", "answer_start": 662}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What position was Tito appointed to in 1941 by the Central Committee?", "id": "56f71ca1711bf01900a4497f", "answers": [{"text": "Chief of all project national liberation military forces.", "answer_start": 842}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1941, where did representatives of the government and military meet with German officials?", "id": "56f71ca1711bf01900a44980", "answers": [{"text": "Belgrade", "answer_start": 575}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 6 April 1941, German forces, with Hungarian and Italian assistance, launched an invasion of Yugoslavia. On 10 April 1941, Slavko Kvaternik proclaimed the Independent State of Croatia, and Tito responded by forming a Military Committee within the Central Committee of the Yugoslav Communist Party. Attacked from all sides, the armed forces of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia quickly crumbled. On 17 April 1941, after King Peter II and other members of the government fled the country, the remaining representatives of the government and military met with the German officials in Belgrade. They quickly agreed to end military resistance. On 1 May 1941, Tito issued a pamphlet calling on the people to unite in a battle against the occupation. On 27 June 1941, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia appointed Tito Commander in Chief of all project national liberation military forces. On 1 July 1941, the Comintern sent precise instructions calling for immediate action."}], ["Beliau adalah Setiausaha Agung (kemudian Pengerusi Presidium) dari Liga Komunis Yugoslavia (1939-80), dan kemudian memimpin Gerakan gerila Yugoslavia Perang Dunia II, Partisans (1941-45). Selepas perang, beliau adalah Perdana Menteri (1944-63), Presiden (kemudian Presiden untuk Kehidupan) (1953-80) Republik Persekutuan Yugoslavia Sosialis (SFRY). Dari tahun 1943 hingga kematiannya pada tahun 1980, beliau memegang pangkat Marshal Yugoslavia, berkhidmat sebagai panglima tertinggi tentera Yugoslav, Tentera Rakyat Yugoslavia (JNA). Dengan reputasi yang sangat baik di luar negara dalam kedua-dua blok Perang Dingin, Josip Broz Tito menerima kira-kira 98 hiasan asing, termasuk Legion of Honor dan Order of the Bath. <> Kedudukan apa dalam League of Communists of Yugoslavia adalah Tito? || Setiausaha Agung <> Apa kedudukan dalam pemerintahan Yugoslavia Tito memegang dari 1944-63? || Perdana Menteri <> Berapa banyak hiasan asing yang dia terima? || 98 <> Apakah dekorasi asing yang dilakukan oleh Tito? || Legion of Honor dan Order of the Bath <> Selama tahun apa Tito memimpin Partisans? || 1941-45", {"qas": [{"question": "What position in the League of Communists of Yugoslavia was Tito?", "id": "56f7144e711bf01900a44914", "answers": [{"text": "General Secretary", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What position in Yugoslavia's government did Tito hold from 1944-63?", "id": "56f7144e711bf01900a44915", "answers": [{"text": "Prime Minister", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many foreign decorations did he receive?", "id": "56f7144e711bf01900a44916", "answers": [{"text": "98", "answer_start": 623}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What foreign decorations did Tito recieve?", "id": "56f7144e711bf01900a44917", "answers": [{"text": "Legion of Honour and the Order of the Bath", "answer_start": 661}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what years did Tito lead the Partisans?", "id": "56f7144e711bf01900a44918", "answers": [{"text": "1941\u201345", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "He was General Secretary (later Chairman of the Presidium) of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1939\u201380), and went on to lead the World War II Yugoslav guerrilla movement, the Partisans (1941\u201345). After the war, he was the Prime Minister (1944\u201363), President (later President for Life) (1953\u201380) of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). From 1943 to his death in 1980, he held the rank of Marshal of Yugoslavia, serving as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav military, the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). With a highly favourable reputation abroad in both Cold War blocs, Josip Broz Tito received some 98 foreign decorations, including the Legion of Honour and the Order of the Bath."}], ["Selepas 13 bulan di hospital, Broz dihantar ke kem kerja di Pegunungan Ural di mana tahanan memilihnya untuk pemimpin kem mereka. Pada bulan Februari 1917, pekerja yang memalukan masuk ke penjara dan membebaskan para tahanan. Broz kemudian menyertai kumpulan Bolshevik. Pada April 1917, dia ditangkap semula tetapi berjaya melarikan diri dan menyertai demonstrasi Hari Julai di Petrograd (St. Petersburg) pada 16-17 Julai 1917. Dalam perjalanan ke Finland, Broz ditangkap dan dipenjarakan di Kubu Peter dan Paulus selama tiga minggu. Dia dihantar semula ke Kungur, tetapi melarikan diri dari kereta api. Dia bersembunyi dengan keluarga Rusia di Omsk, Siberia di mana dia bertemu dengan isteri masa depannya, Pelagija Belousova. Selepas Revolusi Oktober, beliau menyertai unit Pengawal Merah di Omsk. Berikutan dengan gaya kontra putih, dia melarikan diri ke Kirgiziya dan kemudian kembali ke Omsk, di mana dia berkahwin dengan Belousova. Pada musim bunga tahun 1918, beliau menyertai bahagian Yugoslavia Parti Komunis Rusia. Menjelang Jun tahun yang sama, Broz meninggalkan Omsk untuk mencari pekerjaan dan menyokong keluarganya, dan bekerja sebagai seorang mekanik berhampiran Omsk selama setahun. <> Berapa lama Broz di hospital? || 13 bulan <> Di mana kem kerja Broz? || Pegunungan Ural <> Kedudukan apa yang dia pilih untuk di kem kerja? || pemimpin kem <> Di mana Broz melarikan diri selepas bertentangan dengan White? || Kirgiziya <> Di mana Broz berkahwin dengan Belousova? || Omsk", {"qas": [{"question": "How long was Broz in the hospital?", "id": "56f71800711bf01900a44946", "answers": [{"text": "13 months", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Broz's work camp?", "id": "56f71800711bf01900a44947", "answers": [{"text": "Ural Mountains", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What position was he selected for at work camp?", "id": "56f71800711bf01900a44948", "answers": [{"text": "camp leader", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Broz flee to after a White counteroffensive?", "id": "56f71800711bf01900a44949", "answers": [{"text": "Kirgiziya", "answer_start": 787}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Broz marry Belousova?", "id": "56f71800711bf01900a4494a", "answers": [{"text": "Omsk", "answer_start": 826}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After 13 months at the hospital, Broz was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains where prisoners selected him for their camp leader. In February 1917, revolting workers broke into the prison and freed the prisoners. Broz subsequently joined a Bolshevik group. In April 1917, he was arrested again but managed to escape and participate in the July Days demonstrations in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) on 16\u201317 July 1917. On his way to Finland, Broz was caught and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress for three weeks. He was again sent to Kungur, but escaped from the train. He hid with a Russian family in Omsk, Siberia where he met his future wife Pelagija Belousova. After the October Revolution, he joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk. Following a White counteroffensive, he fled to Kirgiziya and subsequently returned to Omsk, where he married Belousova. In the spring of 1918, he joined the Yugoslav section of the Russian Communist Party. By June of the same year, Broz left Omsk to find work and support his family, and was employed as a mechanic near Omsk for a year."}], ["Josip Broz dilahirkan pada 7 Mei 1892 di Kumrovec, di wilayah Croatia utara Hrvatsko Zagorje di Austria-Hungary. [Nb 1] Dia adalah anak ketujuh dari Franjo dan Marija Broz. Ayahnya, Franjo Broz (26 November 1860 - 16 Disember 1936), adalah seorang Croat, manakala ibunya Marija (25 Mac 1864 - 14 Januari 1918) adalah seorang Slovenia. Ibu bapanya telah berkahwin pada 21 Januari 1891. Selepas menghabiskan sebahagian daripada masa kecilnya dengan datuknya, Martin Javer\u0161ek di desa Podsreda, Slovenia, dia memasuki sekolah rendah pada tahun 1900 di Kumrovec, dia gagal kelas 2 dan lulus pada tahun 1905. Pada tahun 1907 dia berpindah dari persekitaran luar bandar dan mula bekerja sebagai perantis machinist di Sisak. Di sana, beliau menyedari pergerakan buruh dan merayakan 1 Mei - Hari Buruh untuk kali pertama. Pada tahun 1910, beliau menyertai kesatuan pekerja metalurgi dan pada masa yang sama Parti Sosial-Demokratik Croatia dan Slavonia. Antara tahun 1911 dan 1913, Broz bekerja untuk tempoh yang singkat di Kamnik (1911-1912, kilang \"Titan\"), Cenkov, Munich dan Mannheim, di mana beliau bekerja untuk kilang kereta Benz; kemudian dia pergi ke Wiener Neustadt, Austria, dan bekerja sebagai pemandu ujian untuk Daimler. <> Dimana Josip Broz dilahirkan? || Kumrovec <> Dalam tahun apakah Broz dilahirkan? || 1892 <> Apakah etnik bapa Broz? || Bahasa Croatia <> Apakah etnis ibunya Broz? || Slovene <> Gred apa dia gagal? || 2hb", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was Josip Broz born?", "id": "56f7165e3d8e2e1400e37336", "answers": [{"text": "Kumrovec", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Broz born?", "id": "56f7165e3d8e2e1400e37337", "answers": [{"text": "1892", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ethnicity was Broz's father?", "id": "56f7165e3d8e2e1400e37338", "answers": [{"text": "Croat", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ethnicity was Broz's mother?", "id": "56f7165e3d8e2e1400e37339", "answers": [{"text": "Slovene", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What grade did he fail?", "id": "56f7165e3d8e2e1400e3733a", "answers": [{"text": "2nd", "answer_start": 560}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Josip Broz was born on 7 May 1892 in Kumrovec, in the northern Croatian region of Hrvatsko Zagorje in Austria-Hungary.[nb 1] He was the seventh child of Franjo and Marija Broz. His father, Franjo Broz (26 November 1860 \u2013 16 December 1936), was a Croat, while his mother Marija (25 March 1864 \u2013 14 January 1918), was a Slovene. His parents were married on 21 January 1891. After spending part of his childhood years with his maternal grandfather Martin Javer\u0161ek in the Slovenian village of Podsreda, he entered primary school in 1900 at Kumrovec, he failed the 2nd grade and graduated in 1905. In 1907 he moved out of the rural environment and started working as a machinist's apprentice in Sisak. There, he became aware of the labour movement and celebrated 1 May \u2013 Labour Day for the first time. In 1910, he joined the union of metallurgy workers and at the same time the Social-Democratic Party of Croatia and Slavonia. Between 1911 and 1913, Broz worked for shorter periods in Kamnik (1911\u20131912, factory \"Titan\"), Cenkov, Munich and Mannheim, where he worked for the Benz car factory; then he went to Wiener Neustadt, Austria, and worked as a test driver for Daimler."}], ["Pada bulan Januari 1920, Tito dan isterinya membuat perjalanan pulang yang lama dan sukar ke Yugoslavia di mana dia tiba pada bulan September. Apabila dia kembali, Broz menyertai Parti Komunis Yugoslavia. Pengaruh CPY terhadap kehidupan politik Kerajaan Yugoslavia berkembang pesat. Pada pilihan raya 1920, Komunis memenangi 59 kerusi di Parlimen dan menjadi parti terkuat ketiga. Memenangi pelbagai pilihan raya tempatan, mereka memperoleh kubu kuat di bandar terbesar kedua Zagreb, memilih Svetozar Deli\u0107 untuk Datuk Bandar. Selepas pembunuhan Milorad Dra\u0161kovi\u0107, Menteri Dalam Negeri Yugoslav, oleh seorang komunis muda pada 2 Ogos 1921, CPY diisytiharkan sebagai haram di bawah Akta Keselamatan Negara Yugoslavia pada 1921. Selama 1920 dan 1921 semua mandat yang dimenangi Komunis telah dibatalkan. Broz meneruskan kerjanya di bawah tanah walaupun tekanan terhadap Komunis dari kerajaan. Pada tahun 1921, dia berpindah ke Veliko Trojstvo berhampiran Bjelovar dan mendapati kerja sebagai seorang machinist. Pada tahun 1925, Broz berpindah ke Kraljevica di mana dia mula bekerja di sebuah limbungan kapal. Beliau dipilih sebagai pemimpin kesatuan dan setahun kemudian dia memimpin mogok kapal. Dia dipecat dan berpindah ke Belgrade, di mana dia bekerja di sebuah koperat kereta api di Smederevska Palanka. Beliau dipilih sebagai Komisaris Pekerja tetapi dipecat sebaik sahaja keahlian CPY diturunkan. Broz kemudiannya berpindah ke Zagreb, di mana beliau telah dilantik sebagai setiausaha Kesatuan Pekerja Metal di Croatia. Pada tahun 1928, beliau menjadi Setiausaha Cawangan Zagreb CPY. Pada tahun yang sama dia telah ditangkap, cuba di mahkamah kerana kegiatan komunis haramnya, dan dihantar ke penjara. Selama lima tahun di penjara Lepoglava, dia bertemu dengan Mo\u0161a Pijade, yang menjadi mentornya ideologi. Selepas pembebasannya, dia tinggal menyamar dan menganggap banyak gerila, antaranya \"Walter\" dan \"Tito\". <> Berapa banyak kerusi yang dimenangi Komunis pada tahun 1920 Yugoslavia? || 59 <> Siapa yang dipilih sebagai Datuk Bandar Zagreb selepas komunis memenangi 59 kerusi Parlimen? || Svetozar Deli\u0107 <> Di manakah Broz bergerak pada tahun 1921? || Veliko Trojstvo <> Berapa lama dia di penjara di Lepoglava? || lima tahun <> Siapa yang menjadi mentor ideologi beliau dalam penjara? || Mo\u0161a Pijade,", {"qas": [{"question": "How many seats did the Communists win in 1920 Yugoslavia?", "id": "56f718d33d8e2e1400e37340", "answers": [{"text": "59", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was elected mayor of Zagreb after the Communists won 59 parliamentary seats?", "id": "56f718d33d8e2e1400e37341", "answers": [{"text": "Svetozar Deli\u0107", "answer_start": 487}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Broz move in 1921?", "id": "56f718d33d8e2e1400e37342", "answers": [{"text": "Veliko Trojstvo", "answer_start": 891}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long was he in prison at Lepoglava for?", "id": "56f718d33d8e2e1400e37343", "answers": [{"text": "five years", "answer_start": 1570}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who became his ideological mentor in prison?", "id": "56f718d33d8e2e1400e37344", "answers": [{"text": "Mo\u0161a Pijade,", "answer_start": 1608}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In January 1920, Tito and his wife made a long and difficult journey home to Yugoslavia where he arrived in September. Upon his return, Broz joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. The CPY's influence on the political life of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was growing rapidly. In the 1920 elections the Communists won 59 seats in the parliament and became the third strongest party. Winning numerous local elections, they gained a stronghold in the second largest city of Zagreb, electing Svetozar Deli\u0107 for mayor. After the assassination of Milorad Dra\u0161kovi\u0107, the Yugoslav Minister of the Interior, by a young communist on 2 August 1921, the CPY was declared illegal under the Yugoslav State Security Act of 1921. During 1920 and 1921 all Communist-won mandates were nullified. Broz continued his work underground despite pressure on Communists from the government. As 1921 began he moved to Veliko Trojstvo near Bjelovar and found work as a machinist. In 1925, Broz moved to Kraljevica where he started working at a shipyard. He was elected as a union leader and a year later he led a shipyard strike. He was fired and moved to Belgrade, where he worked in a train coach factory in Smederevska Palanka. He was elected as Workers' Commissary but was fired as soon as his CPY membership was revealed. Broz then moved to Zagreb, where he was appointed secretary of Metal Workers' Union of Croatia. In 1928, he became the Zagreb Branch Secretary of the CPY. In the same year he was arrested, tried in court for his illegal communist activities, and sent to jail. During his five years at Lepoglava prison he met Mo\u0161a Pijade, who became his ideological mentor. After his release, he lived incognito and assumed numerous noms de guerre, among them \"Walter\" and \"Tito\"."}], ["Dalam tahun perang pasca pertama, Tito dianggap sebagai pemimpin komunis yang sangat setia kepada Moskow, sesungguhnya, dia sering dilihat sebagai orang kedua hanya kepada Stalin di Blok Timur. Malah, Stalin dan Tito mempunyai perselisihan yang tidak selesa sejak awal, dengan Stalin menganggap Tito terlalu bebas. <> Siapa yang dianggap sebagai setia kepada Tito? || Moscow <> Siapa Tito dianggap kedua ke blok Timur? || Stalin <> Dengan siapa Tito mempunyai bentuk persekutuan yang tidak selesa? || Stalin <> Siapa yang menganggap Tito terlalu bebas? || Stalin <> Siapa yang dianggap setia kepada Moscow? || Tito", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was Tito considered loyal to?", "id": "56f72981711bf01900a44a04", "answers": [{"text": "Moscow", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Tito considered second to in the Eastern bloc?", "id": "56f72981711bf01900a44a05", "answers": [{"text": "Stalin", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With whom did Tito have an uneasy alliance form the start?", "id": "56f72981711bf01900a44a06", "answers": [{"text": "Stalin", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who considered Tito too independent?", "id": "56f72981711bf01900a44a07", "answers": [{"text": "Stalin", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was considered loyal to Moscow?", "id": "56f72981711bf01900a44a08", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the first post war years Tito was widely considered a communist leader very loyal to Moscow, indeed, he was often viewed as second only to Stalin in the Eastern Bloc. In fact, Stalin and Tito had an uneasy alliance from the start, with Stalin considering Tito too independent."}], ["Walaupun konflik dengan pergerakan Chetnik monarki saingan, Parti Tito telah berjaya membebaskan wilayah, khususnya \"Republik U\u017eice\". Dalam tempoh ini, Tito mengadakan perbincangan dengan pemimpin Chetnik Dra\u017ea Mihailovi\u0107 pada 19 September dan 27 Oktober 1941. Dikatakan bahawa Tito mengarahkan tenteranya untuk membantu melarikan diri dari Yahudi, dan lebih daripada 2,000 orang Yahudi berjuang secara langsung untuk Tito. <> Siapa yang berjaya membebaskan wilayah walaupun konflik? || Partisans <> Siapa yang Partisans mempunyai konflik dengan? || Pergerakan Chetnik <> Yang pemimpin Chetnik buat Tito mengadakan perbincangan? || Dra\u017ea Mihailovi\u0107 <> Kumpulan mana yang Tito memerintahkan pasukannya membantu? || melarikan diri dari Yahudi, <> 2000 dari kumpulan apa yang berjuang terus untuk Tito? || Yahudi", {"qas": [{"question": "Who succeeded in liberating territory despite conflicts?", "id": "56f71d1c3d8e2e1400e37364", "answers": [{"text": "Partisans", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the Partisans have conflicts with?", "id": "56f71d1c3d8e2e1400e37365", "answers": [{"text": "Chetnik movement", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Chetnik leader did Tito hold talks with?", "id": "56f71d1c3d8e2e1400e37366", "answers": [{"text": "Dra\u017ea Mihailovi\u0107", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which group did Tito order his forces to assist?", "id": "56f71d1c3d8e2e1400e37367", "answers": [{"text": "escaping Jews,", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "2000 of what group fought directly for Tito?", "id": "56f71d1c3d8e2e1400e37368", "answers": [{"text": "Jews", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Despite conflicts with the rival monarchic Chetnik movement, Tito's Partisans succeeded in liberating territory, notably the \"Republic of U\u017eice\". During this period, Tito held talks with Chetnik leader Dra\u017ea Mihailovi\u0107 on 19 September and 27 October 1941. It is said that Tito ordered his forces to assist escaping Jews, and that more than 2,000 Jews fought directly for Tito."}], ["Selepas Partisan berjaya menahan dan mengelakkan serangan-serangan Axis yang sengit ini antara Januari dan Jun 1943, dan sejauh mana kerjasama Chetnik menjadi jelas, para pemimpin Sekutu menukar sokongan mereka dari Dra\u017ea Mihailovi\u0107 kepada Tito. Raja Peter II, Presiden Amerika Franklin Roosevelt dan Perdana Menteri Britain Winston Churchill menyertai Perdana Menteri Soviet Joseph Stalin secara rasmi mengiktiraf Tito dan Partisans di Persidangan Tehran. Ini menyebabkan bantuan Sekutu digerakkan di belakang garisan Axis untuk membantu Partisans. Pada 17 Jun 1944 di Pulau Vis Dalmatian, Perjanjian Vis (Vi\u0161ki sporazum) ditandatangani dalam usaha untuk menggabungkan kerajaan Tito (AVNOJ) dengan kerajaan di pengasingan Raja Peter II. Tentera Udara Balkan dibentuk pada bulan Jun 1944 untuk mengendalikan operasi yang terutama bertujuan membantu pasukannya. <> Siapa yang menyerang Partisans pada tahun 1943? || Axis <> Dari mana pemimpin-pemimpin Sekutu menukar sokongan mereka kepada Tito? || Dra\u017ea Mihailovi\u0107 <> Siapa Perdana Menteri Soviet yang mengiktiraf Tito? || Stalin <> Pada apa peristiwa Tito diiktiraf oleh Stalin? || Persidangan Tehran <> Bilakah angkatan udara Balkan dibentuk? || 1944", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was attacking the Partisans in 1943?", "id": "56f7279f711bf01900a449f4", "answers": [{"text": "Axis", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From whom did Allied leaders switch their support from to Tito?", "id": "56f7279f711bf01900a449f5", "answers": [{"text": "Dra\u017ea Mihailovi\u0107", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Soviet Premier who recognized Tito?", "id": "56f7279f711bf01900a449f6", "answers": [{"text": "Stalin", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what event was Tito recognized by Stalin?", "id": "56f7279f711bf01900a449f7", "answers": [{"text": "Tehran Conference", "answer_start": 421}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Balkan air force formed?", "id": "56f7279f711bf01900a449f8", "answers": [{"text": "1944", "answer_start": 762}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After the Partisans managed to endure and avoid these intense Axis attacks between January and June 1943, and the extent of Chetnik collaboration became evident, Allied leaders switched their support from Dra\u017ea Mihailovi\u0107 to Tito. King Peter II, American President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill joined Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin in officially recognising Tito and the Partisans at the Tehran Conference. This resulted in Allied aid being parachuted behind Axis lines to assist the Partisans. On 17 June 1944 on the Dalmatian island of Vis, the Treaty of Vis (Vi\u0161ki sporazum) was signed in an attempt to merge Tito's government (the AVNOJ) with the government in exile of King Peter II. The Balkan Air Force was formed in June 1944 to control operations that were mainly aimed at aiding his forces."}], ["Dengan kemungkinan berlakunya pencerobohan bersekutu di Balkan, Axis mula mengalihkan lebih banyak sumber kepada pemusnahan pasukan utama Partisans dan perintah tingginya. Maksudnya, antara lain, usaha Jerman bersama untuk menangkap Josip Broz Tito secara peribadi. Pada 25 Mei 1944, dia berjaya mengelak daripada Jerman selepas Raid on Drvar (Operasi R\u00f6sselsprung), serangan udara di luar ibu pejabat Drvar di Bosnia. <> Siapa yang mengalihkan sumber kepada kemusnahan Partisan? || Axis <> Siapa lawan dari Sekutu? || Axis <> Kumpulan mana yang ingin menangkap Tito secara peribadi? || Bahasa Jerman <> Pada tahun 1944 di mana Tito berjaya mengelakkan orang Jerman? || Drvar <> Apa jenis serangan yang berlaku di Bosnia? || udara", {"qas": [{"question": "Who diverted resources to the destruction of the Partisans?", "id": "56f725793d8e2e1400e3739a", "answers": [{"text": "Axis", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the opponent of the Allies?", "id": "56f725793d8e2e1400e3739b", "answers": [{"text": "Axis", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which group of people wanted to capture Tito personally?", "id": "56f725793d8e2e1400e3739c", "answers": [{"text": "German", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1944 where did Tito manage to avoid the Germans?", "id": "56f725793d8e2e1400e3739d", "answers": [{"text": "Drvar", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of assault was there in Bosnia?", "id": "56f725793d8e2e1400e3739e", "answers": [{"text": "airborne", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "With the growing possibility of an Allied invasion in the Balkans, the Axis began to divert more resources to the destruction of the Partisans main force and its high command. This meant, among other things, a concerted German effort to capture Josip Broz Tito personally. On 25 May 1944, he managed to evade the Germans after the Raid on Drvar (Operation R\u00f6sselsprung), an airborne assault outside his Drvar headquarters in Bosnia."}], ["Pada hari-hari akhir Perang Dunia II di Yugoslavia, unit Partisans bertanggungjawab terhadap kekejaman selepas pemulangan Bleiburg, dan tuduhan kebuntuan kemudian dibesarkan di kepimpinan Yugoslavia di bawah Tito. Pada masa itu, Josip Broz Tito berulang kali menyerahkan seruan untuk menyerahkan diri ke ruang pengunduran, menawarkan pengampunan dan berusaha untuk menghindari penyerahan tidak senonoh. Pada 14 Mei dia menghantar telegram ke markas tertinggi Tentera Slovene Partisan yang melarang \"dalam bahasa yang paling kuat\" pelaksanaan tahanan perang dan mengarahkan pemindahan suspek yang mungkin ke mahkamah tentera. <> Siapa yang menawarkan pengampunan kepada lajur retreatig? || Tito <> Siapa yang menghantar telegram ke markas tertinggi yang melarang pelaksanaan perang tawanan? || Tito <> Pada hari terakhir Perang Dunia II di Yugoslavia, yang bertanggungjawab terhadap kekejaman? || Partisans <> Apa yang ditawarkan Tito ke ruangan berundur? || pengampunan <> Di mana kemungkinan suspek dipindahkan ke? || mahkamah tentera.", {"qas": [{"question": "Who offered amnesty to the retreatig column? ", "id": "56f72af5711bf01900a44a1c", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who dispatched a telegram to the supreme headquarters prohibiting the execution of prisoners of war?", "id": "56f72af5711bf01900a44a1d", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the final days of WWII in Yugoslavia, who were responsible for atrocities?", "id": "56f72af5711bf01900a44a1e", "answers": [{"text": "Partisans", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Tito offer to the retreating column?", "id": "56f72af5711bf01900a44a1f", "answers": [{"text": "amnesty", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were possible suspects transferred to?", "id": "56f72af5711bf01900a44a20", "answers": [{"text": "military court.", "answer_start": 603}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the final days of World War II in Yugoslavia, units of the Partisans were responsible for atrocities after the repatriations of Bleiburg, and accusations of culpability were later raised at the Yugoslav leadership under Tito. At the time, Josip Broz Tito repeatedly issued calls for surrender to the retreating column, offering amnesty and attempting to avoid a disorderly surrender. On 14 May he dispatched a telegram to the supreme headquarters Slovene Partisan Army prohibiting \"in the sternest language\" the execution of prisoners of war and commanding the transfer of the possible suspects to a military court."}], ["Yugoslavia menganjurkan Tentera Rakyat Yugoslavia (Jugoslavenska narodna armija, atau JNA) dari pergerakan Partisan dan menjadi tentera keempat terkuat di Eropah pada masa itu. Pentadbiran Keamanan Negara (URA) juga dibentuk sebagai polis rahsia baru, bersama dengan sebuah badan keselamatan, Jabatan Keselamatan Rakyat (Organ Za\u0161tite Naroda (Armije), OZNA). Perisikan Yugoslavy dituduh memenjarakan dan membawa kepada percubaan sejumlah besar kolaborator Nazi; Secara kontroversial, ini termasuk para pastor Katolik akibat penglibatan luas pendeta Katolik Kroasia dengan rezim Usta\u0161a. Dra\u017ea Mihailovi\u0107 didapati bersalah atas kerjasama, pengkhianatan tinggi dan jenayah perang dan kemudiannya disempurnakan oleh skuad penembak pada bulan Julai 1946. <> Apa yang dibentuk sebagai polis rahsia baru? || Pentadbiran Keselamatan Negeri <> Siapa yang dituduh bersenjata untuk cubaan sejumlah besar kolaborator Nazi? || Perisikan Yugoslav <> Siapa yang kontroversi antara yang dibawa ke mahkamah untuk kerjasama Nazi? || Clergymen Katolik <> Siapa yang didapati bersalah atas kerjasama, pengkhianatan yang tinggi? || Dra\u017ea Mihailovi\u0107 <> Bagaimana Draza dilaksanakan? || skuad penembak", {"qas": [{"question": "What was formed as the new secret police?", "id": "56f72dee3d8e2e1400e373e6", "answers": [{"text": "The State Security Administration", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was charged with brining to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators?", "id": "56f72dee3d8e2e1400e373e7", "answers": [{"text": "Yugoslav intelligence", "answer_start": 410}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were controversial among those brought to trial for Nazi collaboration?", "id": "56f72dee3d8e2e1400e373e8", "answers": [{"text": "Catholic clergymen", "answer_start": 551}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was found guilty of collaboration, high treason?", "id": "56f72dee3d8e2e1400e373e9", "answers": [{"text": "Dra\u017ea Mihailovi\u0107", "answer_start": 656}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How was Draza executed?", "id": "56f72dee3d8e2e1400e373ea", "answers": [{"text": "firing squad", "answer_start": 769}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Yugoslavia organized the Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslavenska narodna armija, or JNA) from the Partisan movement and became the fourth strongest army in Europe at the time. The State Security Administration (Uprava dr\u017eavne bezbednosti/sigurnosti/varnosti, UDBA) was also formed as the new secret police, along with a security agency, the Department of People's Security (Organ Za\u0161tite Naroda (Armije), OZNA). Yugoslav intelligence was charged with imprisoning and bringing to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators; controversially, this included Catholic clergymen due to the widespread involvement of Croatian Catholic clergy with the Usta\u0161a regime. Dra\u017ea Mihailovi\u0107 was found guilty of collaboration, high treason and war crimes and was subsequently executed by firing squad in July 1946."}], ["Pada 12 September 1944, King Peter II menyeru semua Yugoslavs untuk berkumpul di bawah kepimpinan Tito dan menyatakan bahawa mereka yang tidak adalah \"pengkhianat\", yang pada masa itu Tito diiktiraf oleh semua pihak berkuasa Sekutu (termasuk kerajaan dalam pengasingan) Perdana Menteri Yugoslavia, sebagai tambahan kepada komander ketua pasukan Yugoslavia. Pada 28 September 1944, Agensi Telegraf Kesatuan Soviet (TASS) melaporkan bahawa Tito menandatangani perjanjian dengan Kesatuan Soviet membenarkan \"kemasukan sementara\" pasukan Soviet ke wilayah Yugoslav yang membolehkan Tentara Merah membantu operasi di kawasan timur laut Yugoslavia. Dengan sayap kanan strategik mereka yang diamanahkan oleh pendahulu Sekutu, Partisans menyiapkan dan melaksanakan serangan umum besar-besaran yang berjaya melepasi garisan Jerman dan memaksa berundur di luar sempadan Yugoslavia. Selepas kemenangan Partisan dan berakhirnya permusuhan di Eropah, semua kuasa luar diperintah di luar wilayah Yugoslavia. <> Pada tahun 1944 yang menyeru semua Yuboslavs untuk berkumpul di bawah kepemimpinan Tito? || Raja Peter II <> Dengan siapa Tito menandatangani perjanjian pada 28 September 1944? || Kesatuan Soviet <> Siapa yang dibenarkan \"kemasukan sementara\" ke wilayah Yugoslavia? || Tentera Soviet <> Yang membantu dalam operasi di kawasan ortheastern Yugoslavia? || Tentera Merah <> Siapa yang melakukan serangan besar-besaran dan berjaya melepasi garis Jerman? || Partisan", {"qas": [{"question": "In 1944 who called on all Yuboslavs to come together under Tito's leadership?", "id": "56f72a1d3d8e2e1400e373bc", "answers": [{"text": "King Peter II", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With whom did Tito sign an agreement on September 28 1944?", "id": "56f72a1d3d8e2e1400e373bd", "answers": [{"text": "Soviet Union", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were allowed \"temporary entry\" into Yugoslav territory?", "id": "56f72a1d3d8e2e1400e373be", "answers": [{"text": "Soviet troops", "answer_start": 504}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who assisted in operations in ortheastern areas of Yugoslavia?", "id": "56f72a1d3d8e2e1400e373bf", "answers": [{"text": "Red Army", "answer_start": 560}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who executed a massive offensive and succeeded in breaking through German lines?", "id": "56f72a1d3d8e2e1400e373c0", "answers": [{"text": "the Partisans", "answer_start": 698}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 12 September 1944, King Peter II called on all Yugoslavs to come together under Tito's leadership and stated that those who did not were \"traitors\", by which time Tito was recognized by all Allied authorities (including the government-in-exile) as the Prime Minister of Yugoslavia, in addition to commander-in-chief of the Yugoslav forces. On 28 September 1944, the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) reported that Tito signed an agreement with the Soviet Union allowing \"temporary entry\" of Soviet troops into Yugoslav territory which allowed the Red Army to assist in operations in the northeastern areas of Yugoslavia. With their strategic right flank secured by the Allied advance, the Partisans prepared and executed a massive general offensive which succeeded in breaking through German lines and forcing a retreat beyond Yugoslav borders. After the Partisan victory and the end of hostilities in Europe, all external forces were ordered off Yugoslav territory."}], ["Pada 21 Disember 1941, Parti Parti mewujudkan Briged Proletariat Pertama (yang diarahkan oleh Ko\u010da Popovi\u0107) dan pada 1 Mac 1942, Tito mencipta Briged Proletarian Kedua. Dalam wilayah yang dibebaskan, Parti Komunis menganjurkan Jawatankuasa Rakyat untuk bertindak sebagai kerajaan awam. Majlis Pembebasan Kebangsaan Yugoslavia Anti-Fasis (AVNOJ) diadakan di Biha\u0107 pada 26-27 November 1942 dan di Jajce pada 29 November 1943. Dalam dua sesi tersebut, wakil-wakil perlawanan membentuk asas bagi organisasi pasca perang negara, membuat keputusan mengenai persekutuan negara-negara Yugoslavia. Di Jajce, 67 anggota \"presiden\" dipilih dan ditubuhkan sembilan anggota Jawatankuasa Kebebasan Kebangsaan (lima anggota komunis) sebagai kerajaan sementara secara de facto. Tito dinamakan Presiden Jawatankuasa Pembebasan Kebangsaan. <> Bilakah partisan mencipta Briged Proletariat Pertama? || 1941 <> Bilakah Tito mencipta Briged Proletariat Kedua? || 1942 <> Apakah kedudukan Tito yang dinamakan untuk Jawatankuasa Kebebasan Negara? || Presiden <> Di mana 67 presiden \"anggota\" terletak? || Jajce <> Berapa ramai ahli dalam \"presiden\" di Jajce? || 67", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Partisans create the First Proletarian Brigade?", "id": "56f71e4d711bf01900a4499a", "answers": [{"text": "1941", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Tito create the Second Proletarian Brigade?", "id": "56f71e4d711bf01900a4499b", "answers": [{"text": "1942", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What position was Tito named to for the National Committee of LIberation?", "id": "56f71e4d711bf01900a4499c", "answers": [{"text": "President", "answer_start": 767}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the 67-member \"presidency\" located?", "id": "56f71e4d711bf01900a4499d", "answers": [{"text": "Jajce", "answer_start": 582}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many members were in the \"presidency\" in Jajce?", "id": "56f71e4d711bf01900a4499e", "answers": [{"text": "67", "answer_start": 591}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 21 December 1941, the Partisans created the First Proletarian Brigade (commanded by Ko\u010da Popovi\u0107) and on 1 March 1942, Tito created the Second Proletarian Brigade. In liberated territories, the Partisans organised People's Committees to act as civilian government. The Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) convened in Biha\u0107 on 26\u201327 November 1942 and in Jajce on 29 November 1943. In the two sessions, the resistance representatives established the basis for post-war organisation of the country, deciding on a federation of the Yugoslav nations. In Jajce, a 67-member \"presidency\" was elected and established a nine-member National Committee of Liberation (five communist members) as a de facto provisional government. Tito was named President of the National Committee of Liberation."}], ["Perdana Menteri Josip Broz Tito bertemu dengan Presiden Persidangan Uskup Yugoslavia, Aloysius Stepinac pada 4 Jun 1945, dua hari setelah pembebasannya dari penjara. Kedua-dua mereka tidak dapat mencapai persetujuan mengenai keadaan Gereja Katolik. Di bawah kepimpinan Stepinac, sidang uskup mengeluarkan surat yang mengutuk dakwaan perang Partisan yang didakwa pada bulan September, 1945. Tahun berikutnya Stepinac ditangkap dan dibicarakan. Pada bulan Oktober 1946, dalam sesi khasnya yang pertama selama 75 tahun, Vatican mengucilkan Tito dan kerajaan Yugoslav untuk menjatuhkan hukuman terhadap Stepinac kepada 16 tahun penjara atas tuduhan membantu keganasan Usta\u0161e dan menyokong penukaran orang Serbia ke Katolik. Stepinac menerima rawatan keutamaan sebagai pengiktirafan statusnya dan hukuman itu kemudian dipendekkan dan dikurangkan kepada tahanan rumah, dengan pilihan emigrasi dibuka kepada uskup agung. Pada penghujung \"masa Informbiro\", pembaharuan yang dilakukan Yugoslavia jauh lebih liberal secara religi daripada negara-negara Bloc Timur. <> Siapa presiden Persidangan Biskop Yugoslavia? || Aloysius Stepinac <> Berapa lama selepas pembebasannya dari penjara tidak hadir ke Persidangan Uskup Yugoslavia? || dua hari <> Topik apa yang menjadi titik pencetus pada Persidangan Uskup? || Gereja Katolik <> Di mana kepimpinannya membebaskan persidangan uskup 'surat yang mengutuk dakwaan perang Partisan yang didakwa? || Stepinac <> Apakah ayat Stepinac dipendekkan? || penangkapan rumah", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the president of the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia?", "id": "56f72f20711bf01900a44a36", "answers": [{"text": "Aloysius Stepinac", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long after his release from imprisonment did TIto attend the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia?", "id": "56f72f20711bf01900a44a37", "answers": [{"text": "two days", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What topic was a sticking point at the Bishops' Conference?", "id": "56f72f20711bf01900a44a38", "answers": [{"text": "Catholic Church", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Under whose leadership did the bishops' conference release a letter condemning alleged Partisan war crimes?", "id": "56f72f20711bf01900a44a39", "answers": [{"text": "Stepinac", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Stepinac's sentence shortened to?", "id": "56f72f20711bf01900a44a3a", "answers": [{"text": "house-arrest", "answer_start": 826}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito met with the president of the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia, Aloysius Stepinac on 4 June 1945, two days after his release from imprisonment. The two could not reach an agreement on the state of the Catholic Church. Under Stepinac's leadership, the bishops' conference released a letter condemning alleged Partisan war crimes in September, 1945. The following year Stepinac was arrested and put on trial. In October 1946, in its first special session for 75 years, the Vatican excommunicated Tito and the Yugoslav government for sentencing Stepinac to 16 years in prison on charges of assisting Usta\u0161e terror and of supporting forced conversions of Serbs to Catholicism. Stepinac received preferential treatment in recognition of his status and the sentence was soon shortened and reduced to house-arrest, with the option of emigration open to the archbishop. At the conclusion of the \"Informbiro period\", reforms rendered Yugoslavia considerably more religiously liberal than the Eastern Bloc states."}], ["Pada 7 Mac 1945, kerajaan sementara Yugoslavia Persekutuan Demokratik (Demokratska Federativna Jugoslavija, DFY) telah berkumpul di Belgrade oleh Josip Broz Tito, sementara nama sementara itu dibenarkan sama ada sebagai republik atau monarki. Pemerintahan ini diketuai oleh Tito sebagai Perdana Menteri sementara Yugoslavia dan termasuk wakil-wakil dari pemerintah kerajaan dalam pengasingan, antara lain Ivan \u0160uba\u0161i\u0107. Selaras dengan perjanjian antara pemimpin rintangan dan pemerintahan yang terkurung, pilihan raya pasca perang diadakan untuk menentukan bentuk pemerintahan. Pada bulan November 1945, Barisan Rakyat pro-republik Tito, yang diketuai oleh Parti Komunis Yugoslavia, memenangi pilihan raya dengan majoriti besar, undi yang diboikot oleh monarkis. Sepanjang tempoh itu, Tito jelas menikmati sokongan popular yang besar kerana secara umumnya dilihat oleh penduduk sebagai pembebasan Yugoslavia. Pemerintahan Yugoslav pada masa pasca perang segera menyatukan sebuah negara yang telah sangat terkena dampak dari kegelisahan ultra-nasionalis dan kehancuran perang, sambil berhasil menekan sentimen nasionalis dari berbagai negara yang mendukung toleransi, dan tujuan umum Yugoslavia. Selepas kemenangan pilihan raya yang mengagumkan, Tito telah disahkan sebagai Perdana Menteri dan Menteri Luar Negeri DFY. Negara ini tidak lama lagi dinamakan semula Republik Rakyat Yugoslavia (FPRY) (kemudiannya dinamakan semula menjadi Republik Persekutuan Sosialis Yugoslavia, SFRY). Pada 29 November 1945, Raja Peter II secara rasmi digulingkan oleh Yugoslav Assembly Constituent. Perhimpunan merangka perlembagaan republik baru tidak lama kemudian. <> Di mana pemerintahan sementara Yugoslavia Persekutuan Demokratik berkumpul? || Belgrade <> Bilakah kerajaan sementara Yugoslavia Persekutuan Demokratik berkumpul? || 7 Mac 1945 <> Siapakah Di mana dipasang kerajaan sementara Yugoslavia Persekutuan Demokratik? || Tito <> Siapa yang dilihat sebagai pembebasan Yugoslavia? || Tito <> Siapa yang secara rasmi digulingkan oleh Yugoslav Assembly Constituutent pada 29 November 1945? || Raja Peter II", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia assembled?", "id": "56f72d2e3d8e2e1400e373d2", "answers": [{"text": "Belgrade", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia assembled?", "id": "56f72d2e3d8e2e1400e373d3", "answers": [{"text": "7 March 1945", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who Where assembled the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia?", "id": "56f72d2e3d8e2e1400e373d4", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was seen as the liberator of Yugoslavia?", "id": "56f72d2e3d8e2e1400e373d5", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 777}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was formally deposed by the Yugoslav Constitutent Assembly on November 29, 1945?", "id": "56f72d2e3d8e2e1400e373d6", "answers": [{"text": "King Peter II", "answer_start": 1517}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 7 March 1945, the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (Demokratska Federativna Jugoslavija, DFY) was assembled in Belgrade by Josip Broz Tito, while the provisional name allowed for either a republic or monarchy. This government was headed by Tito as provisional Yugoslav Prime Minister and included representatives from the royalist government-in-exile, among others Ivan \u0160uba\u0161i\u0107. In accordance with the agreement between resistance leaders and the government-in-exile, post-war elections were held to determine the form of government. In November 1945, Tito's pro-republican People's Front, led by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, won the elections with an overwhelming majority, the vote having been boycotted by monarchists. During the period, Tito evidently enjoyed massive popular support due to being generally viewed by the populace as the liberator of Yugoslavia. The Yugoslav administration in the immediate post-war period managed to unite a country that had been severely affected by ultra-nationalist upheavals and war devastation, while successfully suppressing the nationalist sentiments of the various nations in favor of tolerance, and the common Yugoslav goal. After the overwhelming electoral victory, Tito was confirmed as the Prime Minister and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the DFY. The country was soon renamed the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY) (later finally renamed into Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, SFRY). On 29 November 1945, King Peter II was formally deposed by the Yugoslav Constituent Assembly. The Assembly drafted a new republican constitution soon afterwards."}], ["Dasar luar Tito membawa kepada hubungan dengan pelbagai kerajaan, seperti pertukaran lawatan (1954 dan 1956) dengan Maharaja Haile Selassie dari Ethiopia, di mana sebuah jalan dinamakan sebagai penghormatannya. <> Bilakah Tito pertama kali melawat Kaisar Haile Selassie? || 1954 <> Bilakah lawatan terakhir Tito kepada Emperor Selassie? || 1956 <> Negara mana yang memerintah Maharaja Selassie? || Ethiopia <> Di negara apa Tito mempunyai jalan bernama dalam penghormatannya? || Ethiopia <> Siapa Maharaja Ethiopia pada tahun 1954? || Selassie", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Tito first visit Emperor Haile Selassie?", "id": "56f73a06711bf01900a44a94", "answers": [{"text": "1954", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Tito last visit Emperor Selassie?", "id": "56f73a06711bf01900a44a95", "answers": [{"text": "1956", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country does Emperor Selassie rule?", "id": "56f73a06711bf01900a44a96", "answers": [{"text": "Ethiopia", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what country does Tito have a street named in his honor?", "id": "56f73a06711bf01900a44a97", "answers": [{"text": "Ethiopia", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the Emperor of Ethiopia in 1954?", "id": "56f73a06711bf01900a44a98", "answers": [{"text": "Selassie", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Tito's foreign policy led to relationships with a variety of governments, such as exchanging visits (1954 and 1956) with Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, where a street was named in his honor."}], ["Di bawah kepimpinan Tito, Yugoslavia menjadi ahli pengasas Gerakan Tanpa Aligned. Pada tahun 1961, Tito mengasaskan gerakan itu dengan Gamal Abdel Nasser dari Mesir, Jawaharlal Nehru dari India, Sukarno Indonesia dan Kwame Nkrumah dari Ghana, dalam tindakan yang disebut The Initiative of Five (Tito, Nehru, Nasser, Sukarno, Nkrumah) dengan negara dunia ketiga. Langkah ini banyak dilakukan untuk memperbaiki kedudukan diplomatik Yugoslavia. Pada 1 September 1961, Josip Broz Tito menjadi Setiausaha Agung Pergerakan Tidak Berjajaran. <> Di bawah kepimpinannya yang Yugoslavia menjadi ahli pengasas Gerakan Tanpa Aligned? || Tito <> Pada tahun berapa Tito bersama-sama menemui Pergerakan Tidak Berjajaran? || 1961 <> Nasser mengetuai negara mana pada tahun 1961? || Mesir <> Yang mana pemimpin Indonesia yang mengasaskan gerakan Non-Blok dengan Tito? || Nehru <> Siapa yang menjadi Setiausaha Agung Pergerakan Tidak Berjajaran? || Tito", {"qas": [{"question": "Under whose leadership did Yugoslavia become a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement?", "id": "56f73856711bf01900a44a80", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Tito co-found the Non-Aligned Movement?", "id": "56f73856711bf01900a44a81", "answers": [{"text": "1961", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Nasser led which country in 1961?", "id": "56f73856711bf01900a44a82", "answers": [{"text": "Egypt", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Indonesian leader co-founded the Non-Aligned movement with Tito?", "id": "56f73856711bf01900a44a83", "answers": [{"text": "Nehru", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who became the first Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement?", "id": "56f73856711bf01900a44a84", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Under Tito's leadership, Yugoslavia became a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement. In 1961, Tito co-founded the movement with Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, India's Jawaharlal Nehru, Indonesia's Sukarno and Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah, in an action called The Initiative of Five (Tito, Nehru, Nasser, Sukarno, Nkrumah), thus establishing strong ties with third world countries. This move did much to improve Yugoslavia's diplomatic position. On 1 September 1961, Josip Broz Tito became the first Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement."}], ["Pemisahan Tito-Stalin mempunyai ramuan besar untuk negara-negara di luar USSR dan Yugoslavia. Sebagai contoh, ia telah diberikan sebagai salah satu sebab percubaan Sl\u00e1nsk\u00fd di Czechoslovakia, di mana 14 pegawai Komunis peringkat tinggi telah dibersihkan, dengan 11 daripadanya sedang dilaksanakan. Stalin meletakkan tekanan ke atas Czechoslovakia untuk melakukan pembersihan untuk menghalang penyebaran gagasan \"jalan kebangsaan untuk sosialisme,\" yang disokong Tito. <> Berapa ramai ahli-ahli komuniti tinggi yang dibersihkan dalam percubaan Slansky? || 14 <> Berapa ramai orang Komunis yang dibunuh di percubaan Slansky? || 11 <> Apa negara yang dikenakan tekanan oleh Stalin untuk melakukan pembersihan? || Czechoslovakia <> Siapa yang menyokong \"jalan kebangsaan untuk sosialisme\"? || Tito <> Siapa yang memberi tekanan kepada Checkoslovakia untuk melakukan pembersihan? || Stalin", {"qas": [{"question": "How many high-level Communists were purged in the Slansky trial?", "id": "56f736e2711bf01900a44a6c", "answers": [{"text": "14", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Communists were executed at the Slansky trial?", "id": "56f736e2711bf01900a44a6d", "answers": [{"text": "11", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country had pressure put on it by Stalin to conduct purges?", "id": "56f736e2711bf01900a44a6e", "answers": [{"text": "Czechoslovakia", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who espoused the \"national path to socialism\"?", "id": "56f736e2711bf01900a44a6f", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 419}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who put pressure on Checkoslovakia to conduct purges?", "id": "56f736e2711bf01900a44a70", "answers": [{"text": "Stalin", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Tito-Stalin split had large ramifications for countries outside the USSR and Yugoslavia. It has, for example, been given as one of the reasons for the Sl\u00e1nsk\u00fd trial in Czechoslovakia, in which 14 high-level Communist officials were purged, with 11 of them being executed. Stalin put pressure on Czechoslovakia to conduct purges in order to discourage the spread of the idea of a \"national path to socialism,\" which Tito espoused."}], ["Tidak seperti negara-negara komunis baru di Eropah timur tengah, Yugoslavia membebaskan dirinya daripada penguasaan Axis dengan sokongan langsung terhad dari Tentera Merah. Peranan utama Tito untuk membebaskan Yugoslavia bukan sahaja memperkuat kedudukannya di partinya dan di kalangan orang Yugoslavia, tetapi juga menyebabkan dia lebih tegas bahawa Yugoslavia mempunyai lebih banyak ruang untuk mengikuti kepentingannya sendiri daripada pemimpin Bloc lain yang mempunyai lebih banyak alasan (dan tekanan ) untuk mengiktiraf usaha Soviet dalam membantu mereka membebaskan negara mereka sendiri dari kawalan Axis. Walaupun Tito secara rasmi menjadi sekutu Stalin selepas Perang Dunia II, Soviet telah menubuhkan cincin mata-mata di parti Yugoslav pada awal tahun 1945, memberi laluan kepada perikatan yang tidak selesa. [Sunting] Siapa yang mempunyai peranan utama dalam membebaskan Yugoslavia? || Tito <> Siapa Tito secara rasmi menjadi sekutu selepas Perang Dunia II? || Stalin <> Siapa yang menubuhkan cincin pengintip di pesta Yugoslav? || Soviet <Sebelumnya Seawal tahun apakah cincin pengintip yang ditubuhkan di pesta Yugoslavia? || 1945 <> Dari apa penguasaan yang Yugoslavia membebaskan dirinya? || Axis", {"qas": [{"question": "Who had a leading role in liberating Yugoslavia?", "id": "56f7302b3d8e2e1400e37408", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Tito formally an ally of after WWII?", "id": "56f7302b3d8e2e1400e37409", "answers": [{"text": "Stalin", "answer_start": 576}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who set up a spy ring in the Yugoslav party?", "id": "56f7302b3d8e2e1400e3740a", "answers": [{"text": "Soviets", "answer_start": 607}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As early as what year was a spy ring set up in the Yugoslav party?", "id": "56f7302b3d8e2e1400e3740b", "answers": [{"text": "1945", "answer_start": 671}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what domination did Yugoslavia liberate itself?", "id": "56f7302b3d8e2e1400e3740c", "answers": [{"text": "Axis", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Unlike other new communist states in east-central Europe, Yugoslavia liberated itself from Axis domination with limited direct support from the Red Army. Tito's leading role in liberating Yugoslavia not only greatly strengthened his position in his party and among the Yugoslav people, but also caused him to be more insistent that Yugoslavia had more room to follow its own interests than other Bloc leaders who had more reasons (and pressures) to recognize Soviet efforts in helping them liberate their own countries from Axis control. Although Tito was formally an ally of Stalin after World War II, the Soviets had set up a spy ring in the Yugoslav party as early as 1945, giving way to an uneasy alliance.[citation needed]"}], ["Acara itu penting bukan sahaja bagi Yugoslavia dan Tito, tetapi juga untuk perkembangan sosialisme global, kerana ia merupakan perpecahan besar pertama antara negara-negara Komunis, yang membuat keraguan terhadap tuntutan Comintern untuk sosialisme sebagai satu pasukan bersatu yang akhirnya akan mengawal seluruh dunia , kerana Tito menjadi pemimpin sosialis yang pertama (dan satu-satunya yang berjaya) untuk menentang kepimpinan Stalin di COMINFORM. Keretakan ini dengan Kesatuan Soviet membawa Tito banyak pengiktirafan antarabangsa, tetapi juga mencetuskan tempoh ketidakstabilan yang sering disebut sebagai tempoh Informbiro. Bentuk komunisme Tito telah dilabelkan sebagai \"Titoisme\" oleh Moscow, yang menggalakkan pembersihan terhadap suspek \"Titoites\" sepanjang blok Timur. <> Apa nama merujuk kepada tempoh ketidakstabilan semasa keretakan antara Tito dan USSR? || Informbiro <> Apa bentuk komunis Tito yang dipanggil? || Titoisme <> Yang menggalakkan pembersihan terhadap Titoit? || Moscow <> Sepanjang apa kawasan berlaku pembersihan Titoit? || Blok Timur <> Siapa yang menjadi pemimpin pertama untuk menentang kepimpinan Stalin? || Tito", {"qas": [{"question": "What name refers to the period of instability during the rift between Tito and the USSR?", "id": "56f7348f3d8e2e1400e37460", "answers": [{"text": "Informbiro", "answer_start": 549}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Tito's form of communism called?", "id": "56f7348f3d8e2e1400e37461", "answers": [{"text": "Titoism", "answer_start": 606}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who encouraged purges against Titoites?", "id": "56f7348f3d8e2e1400e37462", "answers": [{"text": "Moscow", "answer_start": 618}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Throughout what area did purges of Titoites occur?", "id": "56f7348f3d8e2e1400e37463", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern bloc", "answer_start": 695}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who became the first leader to defy Stalin's leadership?", "id": "56f7348f3d8e2e1400e37464", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The event was significant not only for Yugoslavia and Tito, but also for the global development of socialism, since it was the first major split between Communist states, casting doubt on Comintern's claims for socialism to be a unified force that would eventually control the whole world, as Tito became the first (and the only successful) socialist leader to defy Stalin's leadership in the COMINFORM. This rift with the Soviet Union brought Tito much international recognition, but also triggered a period of instability often referred to as the Informbiro period. Tito's form of communism was labeled \"Titoism\" by Moscow, which encouraged purges against suspected \"Titoites'\" throughout the Eastern bloc."}], ["Pengasingan Tito dari USSR membolehkan Yugoslavia mendapatkan bantuan AS melalui Pentadbiran Kerjasama Ekonomi (ECA), institusi bantuan AS yang sama yang mentadbirkan Rancangan Marshall. Namun, beliau tidak bersetuju untuk menyelaraskan dengan Barat, yang merupakan akibat biasa menerima bantuan Amerika pada masa itu. Selepas kematian Stalin pada tahun 1953, hubungan dengan USSR telah dilonggarkan dan dia mula menerima bantuan dari COMECON. Dengan cara ini, Tito memainkan pertentangan Timur-Barat untuk kelebihannya. Daripada memilih pihak, beliau memainkan peranan penting dalam memulakan Pergerakan Tanpa Aligned, yang akan berfungsi sebagai 'cara ketiga' bagi negara-negara yang berminat untuk tinggal di luar bahagian Timur-Barat. <> Negara manakah yang memberikan bantuan Yugoslavia ketika Tito menjadi terasing dari USSR? || US <> Agensi bantuan yang diedarkan ke Yugoslavia? || ECA <> Rancangan apa juga ditadbir oleh ECA? || Pelan Marshall <> Pemimpin yang mana takut bahawa menerima bantuan Amerika bermakna sejajar dengan Barat? || Tito <> Dalam apa tahun mati Stalin? || 1953", {"qas": [{"question": "Which country gave Yugoslavia aid when Tito became estranged from the USSR?", "id": "56f733f53d8e2e1400e37456", "answers": [{"text": "US", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What agency distributed aid to Yugoslavia?", "id": "56f733f53d8e2e1400e37457", "answers": [{"text": "ECA", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What plan was also administered by the ECA?", "id": "56f733f53d8e2e1400e37458", "answers": [{"text": "Marshall Plan", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which leader feared that accepting American aid meant aligning with the West?", "id": "56f733f53d8e2e1400e37459", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Stalin die?", "id": "56f733f53d8e2e1400e3745a", "answers": [{"text": "1953", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Tito's estrangement from the USSR enabled Yugoslavia to obtain US aid via the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA), the same US aid institution which administered the Marshall Plan. Still, he did not agree to align with the West, which was a common consequence of accepting American aid at the time. After Stalin's death in 1953, relations with the USSR were relaxed and he began to receive aid as well from the COMECON. In this way, Tito played East-West antagonism to his advantage. Instead of choosing sides, he was instrumental in kick-starting the Non-Aligned Movement, which would function as a 'third way' for countries interested in staying outside of the East-West divide."}], ["Satu akibat penting ketegangan yang timbul antara Yugoslavia dan Kesatuan Soviet, ialah Tito berjuang dengan Stalinists Yugoslavia dengan kaedah Stalin. Dalam erti kata lain, Aleksandar Rankovi\u0107 dan Perkhidmatan Keselamatan Negara (UBDA) menggunakan kaedah yang tidak berperikemanusiaan yang sama terhadap lawan mereka seperti yang dilakukan Stalin di Kesatuan Soviet terhadapnya. Tidak semua orang yang dituduh melakukan jenayah politik telah disabitkan dan tiada siapa yang dijatuhi hukuman mati kerana perasaan pro-Sovietnya. Bagaimanapun penindasan ini, yang berlangsung sehingga tahun 1956, ditandai oleh pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang signifikan. <> Kaedah yang digunakan Tito untuk melawan Yugoslav Stalinis? || Stalin <> Siapa yang menggunakan kaedah tidak berperikemanusiaan terhadap oponen melalui UBDA? || Rankovi\u0107 <> Hingga tahun apa penindasan UBDA yang terakhir? || 1956 <> Kerja UBDA disebabkan oleh ketegangan antara Yugoslavia dan negara apa? || Soviet Union <> Apakah nama lain untuk UBDA itu? || Perkhidmatan Keselamatan Negeri", {"qas": [{"question": "Whose methods did Tito use to fight Yugoslav Stalinists?", "id": "56f732da3d8e2e1400e37442", "answers": [{"text": "Stalin", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who used inhumane methods against oponents through the UBDA?", "id": "56f732da3d8e2e1400e37443", "answers": [{"text": "Rankovi\u0107", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Until what year did the repression of the UBDA last?", "id": "56f732da3d8e2e1400e37444", "answers": [{"text": "1956", "answer_start": 506}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The work of the UBDA was due to tension between Yugoslavia and what country?", "id": "56f732da3d8e2e1400e37445", "answers": [{"text": "Soviet Union", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for the UBDA?", "id": "56f732da3d8e2e1400e37446", "answers": [{"text": "State Security Service", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One significant consequence of the tension arising between Yugoslavia and Soviet Union, was that Tito fought Yugoslav Stalinists with Stalin's methods. In other words, Aleksandar Rankovi\u0107 and the State Security Service (UBDA) employed the same inhumane methods against their opponents as Stalin did in the Soviet Union against his. Not every person accused of a political crime was convicted and nobody was sentenced to death for his or her pro-Soviet feelings. However this repression, which lasted until 1956, was marked by significant violations of human rights."}], ["Pada 26 Jun 1950, Dewan Negara menyokong satu bil penting yang ditulis oleh Milovan \u0110ilas dan Tito mengenai \"pengurusan diri\" (samoupravljanje): satu jenis percubaan sosialis bebas koperasi yang memperkenalkan perkongsian keuntungan dan demokrasi di tempat kerja di perusahaan yang sebelum ini dijalankan oleh kerajaan menjadi pemilikan sosial langsung pekerja. Pada 13 Januari 1953, mereka menegaskan bahawa undang-undang mengenai pengurusan diri adalah asas kepada keseluruhan tatanan sosial di Yugoslavia. Tito juga menggantikan Ivan Ribar sebagai Presiden Yugoslavia pada 14 Januari 1953. Selepas kematian Stalin, Tito menolak undangan USSR untuk membincangkan normalisasi hubungan antara dua negara. Nikita Khrushchev dan Nikolai Bulganin melawat Tito di Belgrade pada tahun 1955 dan meminta maaf atas kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh pentadbiran Stalin. Tito melawat USSR pada tahun 1956, yang memberi isyarat kepada dunia bahawa permusuhan antara Yugoslavia dan USSR adalah pelonggaran. Walau bagaimanapun, hubungan antara USSR dan Yugoslavia akan mencapai yang rendah pada akhir 1960-an. Mengulas tentang krisis, Tito menyimpulkan bahawa: <> Pada tahun berapakah Dewan Negara menyokong bil penting mengenai \"Pengurusan diri\"? || 1950 <> Siapa yang menulis rang undang-undang dengan Tito mengenai \"pengurusan diri\"? || Milovan \u0110ilas <> Tito berjaya yang sebagai Presiden Yugoslavia? || Ribar <> Jemputan siapa yang menolak Tito selepas kematian Stalin? || USSR <> Bilakah Tito melawat USSR untuk menandakan bahawa permusuhan negaranya semakin berkurang? || 1956", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the National Assembly support a crucial bill about \"self Management\"?", "id": "56f736683d8e2e1400e37486", "answers": [{"text": "1950", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the bill with Tito about \"self management\"?", "id": "56f736683d8e2e1400e37487", "answers": [{"text": "Milovan \u0110ilas", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tito succeeded who as the President of Yugoslavia?", "id": "56f736683d8e2e1400e37488", "answers": [{"text": "Ribar", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose invitation did Tito reject after Stalin's death?", "id": "56f736683d8e2e1400e37489", "answers": [{"text": "USSR", "answer_start": 597}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Tito visit the USSR to signal that his country's animosity was decreasing?", "id": "56f736683d8e2e1400e3748a", "answers": [{"text": "1956", "answer_start": 842}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 26 June 1950, the National Assembly supported a crucial bill written by Milovan \u0110ilas and Tito about \"self-management\" (samoupravljanje): a type of cooperative independent socialist experiment that introduced profit sharing and workplace democracy in previously state-run enterprises which then became the direct social ownership of the employees. On 13 January 1953, they established that the law on self-management was the basis of the entire social order in Yugoslavia. Tito also succeeded Ivan Ribar as the President of Yugoslavia on 14 January 1953. After Stalin's death Tito rejected the USSR's invitation for a visit to discuss normalization of relations between two nations. Nikita Khrushchev and Nikolai Bulganin visited Tito in Belgrade in 1955 and apologized for wrongdoings by Stalin's administration. Tito visited the USSR in 1956, which signaled to the world that animosity between Yugoslavia and USSR was easing. However, the relationship between the USSR and Yugoslavia would reach another low in the late 1960s. Commenting on the crisis, Tito concluded that:"}], ["Sejurus selepas Perang Dunia II, terdapat beberapa kejadian bersenjata antara Yugoslavia dan Sekutu Barat. Berikutan perang, Yugoslavia memperoleh wilayah Istria Itali serta bandar-bandar Zadar dan Rijeka. Kepimpinan Yugoslav sedang mencari untuk memasukkan Trieste ke negara ini, yang ditentang oleh Sekutu Barat. Ini membawa kepada beberapa insiden bersenjata, terutamanya serangan oleh pesawat pejuang Yugoslav pada pesawat pengangkutan AS, menyebabkan kritikan pahit dari barat. Dari 1945 hingga 1948, sekurang-kurangnya empat pesawat AS ditembak jatuh [sumber yang lebih baik diperlukan] Stalin menentang provokasi ini, kerana dia merasakan USSR tidak menghadapi West dalam perang terbuka tidak lama lagi selepas kehilangan Perang Dunia II dan pada masa ketika AS telah menjalankan operasi senjata nuklear manakala USSR masih belum menjalankan ujian pertamanya. Di samping itu, Tito secara terbuka menyokong parti Komunis dalam Perang Saudara Yunani, sementara Stalin mengekalkan jaraknya, setelah bersetuju dengan Churchill untuk tidak mengejar kepentingan Soviet di sana, walaupun ia menyokong perjuangan komunis Yunani secara politik, seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam beberapa majlis Majlis Keselamatan PBB. Pada tahun 1948, didorong oleh keinginan untuk mewujudkan ekonomi bebas yang kuat, Tito memodelkan rancangan pembangunan ekonominya secara bebas dari Moscow, yang mengakibatkan peningkatan diplomatik diikuti dengan pertukaran surat yang pahit di mana Tito menegaskan bahawa <> Apa wilayah Itali yang diperoleh Yugoslavia selepas perang? || Istria <> Wilayah apa yang ingin digabungkan oleh kepimpinan Yugoslavia? || Trieste <> Sekurang-kurangnya berapa pesawat Amerika ditembak antara tahun 1945 dan 1948? || empat <> Siapa yang menyokong secara terbuka pihak Komunis dalam Perang Saudara Yunani? || Tito <> Pada tahun apakah model Tito rancangan pembangunan ekonominya secara bebas dari Moscow? || 1948", {"qas": [{"question": "What Italian territory did Yugoslavia acquire after the war?", "id": "56f731533d8e2e1400e37426", "answers": [{"text": "Istria", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What territory did Yugoslavia leadership want to incorporate?", "id": "56f731533d8e2e1400e37427", "answers": [{"text": "Trieste", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At least how many American aircraft were shot down between 1945 and 1948?", "id": "56f731533d8e2e1400e37428", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 536}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who openly supported the Communist side in the Greek Civil War?", "id": "56f731533d8e2e1400e37429", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 848}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Tito model his economic development plan independently from Moscow?", "id": "56f731533d8e2e1400e3742a", "answers": [{"text": "1948", "answer_start": 1155}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the immediate aftermath of World War II, there occurred several armed incidents between Yugoslavia and the Western Allies. Following the war, Yugoslavia acquired the Italian territory of Istria as well as the cities of Zadar and Rijeka. Yugoslav leadership was looking to incorporate Trieste into the country as well, which was opposed by the Western Allies. This led to several armed incidents, notably attacks by Yugoslav fighter planes on US transport aircraft, causing bitter criticism from the west. From 1945 to 1948, at least four US aircraft were shot down.[better source needed] Stalin was opposed to these provocations, as he felt the USSR unready to face the West in open war so soon after the losses of World War II and at the time when US had operational nuclear weapons whereas USSR had yet to conduct its first test. In addition, Tito was openly supportive of the Communist side in the Greek Civil War, while Stalin kept his distance, having agreed with Churchill not to pursue Soviet interests there, although he did support the Greek communist struggle politically, as demonstrated in several assemblies of the UN Security Council. In 1948, motivated by the desire to create a strong independent economy, Tito modeled his economic development plan independently from Moscow, which resulted in a diplomatic escalation followed by a bitter exchange of letters in which Tito affirmed that"}], ["Jawapan Soviet pada 4 Mei mengingatkan Tito dan Parti Komunis Yugoslavia (CPY) kerana gagal mengakui dan membetulkan kesilapannya, dan terus menuduh mereka terlalu bangga dengan kejayaan mereka terhadap Jerman, dengan mengekalkan bahawa Tentera Merah telah menyelamatkan mereka dari kehancuran. Tanggapan Tito pada 17 Mei mencadangkan perkara itu diselesaikan pada mesyuarat Cominform yang akan diadakan pada bulan Jun. Walau bagaimanapun, Tito tidak menghadiri mesyuarat kedua Cominform, yang takut bahawa Yugoslavia akan diserang secara terbuka. Pada tahun 1949, krisis hampir berkembang menjadi konflik bersenjata, ketika pasukan Hungaria dan Soviet menguasai sempadan Yugoslavia utara. Pada 28 Jun, negara-negara anggota lain mengusir Yugoslavia, memetik \"unsur-unsur nasionalis\" yang telah \"diuruskan dalam tempoh lima atau enam bulan yang lalu untuk mencapai kedudukan dominan dalam kepimpinan\" CPY. Andaian di Moscow ialah apabila diketahui bahawa dia telah kehilangan kelulusan Soviet, Tito akan runtuh; 'Saya akan menggelengkan jari kecil saya dan tidak akan ada lagi Tito,' kata Stalin. Pengusiran itu mengusir Yugoslavia dengan berkesan dari persatuan antarabangsa negara-negara sosialis, sementara negara-negara sosialis lain di Eropah Timur kemudian menjalani pembersihan \"Titois\" yang dikatakan. Stalin mengambil perkara itu secara peribadi dan mengatur beberapa percubaan pembunuhan terhadap Tito, tidak ada yang berjaya. Dalam hubungan antara kedua-dua pemimpin, Tito secara terbuka menulis: <> Tito tidak menghadiri mesyuarat kedua ini. || Cominform <> Dalam tahun berapa krisis itu hampir menjadi konflik bersenjata? || 1949 <> Apakah nama yang dibersihkan di negara-negara sosialis lain di Eropah Timur? || Titoists <> Siapa yang membuat percubaan beberapa cubaan terhadap Tito? || Stalin", {"qas": [{"question": "Tito did not attend the second meeting of this.", "id": "56f732093d8e2e1400e3743a", "answers": [{"text": "Cominform", "answer_start": 455}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the crisis nearly escalate into armed conflict?", "id": "56f732093d8e2e1400e3743b", "answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 520}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of those purged in other socialist states in Eastern Europe?", "id": "56f732093d8e2e1400e3743c", "answers": [{"text": "Titoists", "answer_start": 1248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who made several assasination attempts on Tito?", "id": "56f732093d8e2e1400e3743d", "answers": [{"text": "Stalin", "answer_start": 1259}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Soviet answer on 4 May admonished Tito and the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) for failing to admit and correct its mistakes, and went on to accuse them of being too proud of their successes against the Germans, maintaining that the Red Army had saved them from destruction. Tito's response on 17 May suggested that the matter be settled at the meeting of the Cominform to be held that June. However, Tito did not attend the second meeting of the Cominform, fearing that Yugoslavia was to be openly attacked. In 1949 the crisis nearly escalated into an armed conflict, as Hungarian and Soviet forces were massing on the northern Yugoslav frontier. On 28 June, the other member countries expelled Yugoslavia, citing \"nationalist elements\" that had \"managed in the course of the past five or six months to reach a dominant position in the leadership\" of the CPY. The assumption in Moscow was that once it was known that he had lost Soviet approval, Tito would collapse; 'I will shake my little finger and there will be no more Tito,' Stalin remarked. The expulsion effectively banished Yugoslavia from the international association of socialist states, while other socialist states of Eastern Europe subsequently underwent purges of alleged \"Titoists\". Stalin took the matter personally and arranged several assassination attempts on Tito, none of which succeeded. In a correspondence between the two leaders, Tito openly wrote:"}], ["Tito juga membangunkan hubungan hangat dengan Burma di bawah U Nu, perjalanan ke negara ini pada tahun 1955 dan sekali lagi pada tahun 1959, walaupun dia tidak menerima rawatan yang sama pada tahun 1959 dari pemimpin baru, Ne Win. <> Apa negara yang memimpin U Nu? || Burma <> Siapa pemimpin Burma pada tahun 1955? || U Nu <> Siapa yang berjaya U Nu di Burma? || Ne Win <> Ne Win mengetuai negara apa? || Burma <> Yang memimpin Burma pada tahun 1959? || Ne Win", {"qas": [{"question": "What country did U Nu lead?", "id": "56f7f1d0aef2371900625ca6", "answers": [{"text": "Burma", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the leader of Burma in 1955?", "id": "56f7f1d0aef2371900625ca7", "answers": [{"text": "U Nu", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who succeeded U Nu in Burma?", "id": "56f7f1d0aef2371900625ca8", "answers": [{"text": "Ne Win", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Ne Win led what country?", "id": "56f7f1d0aef2371900625ca9", "answers": [{"text": "Burma", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who led Burma in 1959?", "id": "56f7f1d0aef2371900625caa", "answers": [{"text": "Ne Win", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Tito also developed warm relations with Burma under U Nu, travelling to the country in 1955 and again in 1959, though he didn't receive the same treatment in 1959 from the new leader, Ne Win."}], ["Pada tahun 1968, Tito menawarkan pemimpin Czechoslovak Alexander Dub\u010dek untuk terbang ke Prague pada masa tiga jam jika Dub\u010dek memerlukan bantuan dalam menghadapi Soviet. Pada bulan April 1969, Tito melepaskan jeneral Ivan Go\u0161njak dan Rade Hamovi\u0107 selepas pencerobohan Czechoslovakia kerana kesediaan pasukan tentera Yugoslavia untuk bertindak balas terhadap pencerobohan yang sama di Yugoslavia. <> Apa negara yang memimpin Dubcek? || Czechoslovak <> Berapa banyak masa Tito memberi Dubcek untuk terbang ke Prague? || tiga jam <> Di manakah Tito menghantar Dubcek pada tahun 1968? || Prague <> Siapa yang memecat jeneral Gosnjak dan Hamovic? || Tito <> Tentera apa yang tidak bersedia untuk pencerobohan Czechoslovakia? || Yugoslavia", {"qas": [{"question": "What country did Dubcek lead?", "id": "56f7f60daef2371900625cf2", "answers": [{"text": "Czechoslovak", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much time did Tito give Dubcek to fly to Prague?", "id": "56f7f60daef2371900625cf3", "answers": [{"text": "three hours", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Tito send Dubcek in 1968?", "id": "56f7f60daef2371900625cf4", "answers": [{"text": "Prague", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who removed generals Gosnjak and Hamovic?", "id": "56f7f60daef2371900625cf5", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What army was unprepared for the invasion of Czechoslovakia?", "id": "56f7f60daef2371900625cf6", "answers": [{"text": "Yugoslavia", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dub\u010dek to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dub\u010dek needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Go\u0161njak and Rade Hamovi\u0107 in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia."}], ["Pada 1 Januari 1967, Yugoslavia adalah negara komunis pertama yang membuka sempadannya kepada semua pelawat asing dan menghapuskan keperluan visa. Pada tahun yang sama Tito menjadi aktif dalam mempromosikan resolusi damai konflik Arab-Israel. Rancangannya memanggil orang Arab untuk mengiktiraf keadaan Israel sebagai ganti pertukaran wilayah Israel. <> Siapakah negara komunis pertama yang membuka sempadannya kepada semua pelawat asing? || Yugoslavia <> Pada tahun apakah negara komunis pertama membuka sempadannya kepada semua pelawat asing? || 1967 <> Bilakah Tito mula mempromosikan resolusi aman terhadap konflik Arab-Israel? || 1967 <> Yang rancangannya memanggil orang Arab untuk mengiktiraf keadaan Israel sebagai ganti pertukaran wilayah Israel? || Tito <> Pada tahun apakah Tito mula bekerja dalam proses perdamaian Arab Arab? || 1967", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors?", "id": "56f7f588aef2371900625cde", "answers": [{"text": "Yugoslavia", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the first communist country open its borders to all foreign visitors?", "id": "56f7f588aef2371900625cdf", "answers": [{"text": "1967", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Tito start promoting a peaceful resolution to the Arab-Israeli conflict?", "id": "56f7f588aef2371900625ce0", "answers": [{"text": "1967", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose plan called for Arabs to recognize the state of Israel in exchange for territories Israel gained?", "id": "56f7f588aef2371900625ce1", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Tito start working in Arab Israeli peace processes?", "id": "56f7f588aef2371900625ce2", "answers": [{"text": "1967", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 1 January 1967, Yugoslavia was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors and abolish visa requirements. In the same year Tito became active in promoting a peaceful resolution of the Arab\u2013Israeli conflict. His plan called for Arabs to recognize the state of Israel in exchange for territories Israel gained."}], ["Tito melawat India dari 22 Disember 1954 hingga 8 Januari 1955. Selepas kembalinya beliau, beliau mengalihkan banyak sekatan kepada gereja-gereja dan institusi rohani di Yugoslavia. <> Bilakah Tito pertama kali melawat India? || 1954 <> Bilakah Tito meninggalkan India? || 1955 Selepas pulang dari mana Tito mengeluarkan banyak larangan ke atas gereja-gereja di Yugoslavia? || India <> Di mana lawatan Tito dari tahun 1954 hingga 1955? || India <> Setelah pulang dari India, Tito menghapuskan sekatan terhadap jenis institusi apa? || rohani", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Tito first visit India?", "id": "56f7f171aef2371900625c9c", "answers": [{"text": "1954", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Tito leave India?", "id": "56f7f171aef2371900625c9d", "answers": [{"text": "1955", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After his return from where did Tito remove many restrictions on churches in Yugoslavia?", "id": "56f7f171aef2371900625c9e", "answers": [{"text": "India", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Tito visit from 1954 to 1955?", "id": "56f7f171aef2371900625c9f", "answers": [{"text": "India", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After returning from India, Tito removed restrictions on what type of institutions?", "id": "56f7f171aef2371900625ca0", "answers": [{"text": "spiritual", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Tito visited India from December 22, 1954 through January 8, 1955. After his return, he removed many restrictions on churches and spiritual institutions in Yugoslavia."}], ["Pada 7 April 1963, negara itu menukar namanya rasmi kepada Republik Sosialis Yugoslavia. Pembaharuan menggalakkan perusahaan swasta dan sekatan yang sangat santai terhadap kebebasan bersuara dan ungkapan agama. Tito kemudiannya memulakan lawatan ke Amerika. Di Chile, dua menteri kerajaan meletak jawatan semasa lawatannya ke negara itu. Pada musim luruh tahun 1960 Tito bertemu Presiden Dwight D. Eisenhower pada mesyuarat Perhimpunan Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. Tito dan Eisenhower membincangkan pelbagai isu daripada kawalan senjata kepada pembangunan ekonomi. Apabila Eisenhower berkata bahawa neutralisme Yugoslavia adalah \"neutral di pihaknya\", Tito menjawab bahawa neutralisme tidak bermaksud pasif tetapi bermaksud \"tidak berpihak.\" <> Bilakah Yugoslavia menukar namanya ke Republik Persekutuan Sosialis Yugoslavia? || 7 April 1963 <> Dua menteri kerajaan meletak jawatan atas lawatan Tito ke kawasan apa? || Amerika <> Eisenhower bertemu Tito di mana pada tahun 1960? || Mesyuarat Perhimpunan Agung PBB. <> Siapa kata bahawa neutralisme tidak bermaksud pasif tetapi bermaksud \"tidak berpihak\"? || Tito <> Ketika Tito bertemu Eisenhower di U.N. || 1960", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Yugoslavia change its name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia?", "id": "56f7f401aef2371900625cc4", "answers": [{"text": "7 April 1963", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Two government ministers resigned over Tito's visit to what region?", "id": "56f7f401aef2371900625cc5", "answers": [{"text": "Americas", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Eisenhower met Tito where in 1960?", "id": "56f7f401aef2371900625cc6", "answers": [{"text": "United Nations General Assembly meeting.", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said that neutralism did not imply passivity but mean \"not taking sides\"?", "id": "56f7f401aef2371900625cc7", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 630}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Tito meet Eisenhower at the U.N.?", "id": "56f7f401aef2371900625cc8", "answers": [{"text": "1960", "answer_start": 365}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 7 April 1963, the country changed its official name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Reforms encouraged private enterprise and greatly relaxed restrictions on freedom of speech and religious expression. Tito subsequently went on a tour of the Americas. In Chile, two government ministers resigned over his visit to that country. In the autumn of 1960 Tito met President Dwight D. Eisenhower at the United Nations General Assembly meeting. Tito and Eisenhower discussed a range of issues from arms control to economic development. When Eisenhower remarked that Yugoslavia's neutralism was \"neutral on his side\", Tito replied that neutralism did not imply passivity but meant \"not taking sides\"."}], ["Tito terkenal kerana menerapkan dasar neutral dalam politik semasa Perang Dingin dan untuk mewujudkan hubungan rapat dengan negara-negara membangun. Kepercayaan kuat Tito dalam penentuan nasib sendiri menyebabkan kecaman awal dengan Stalin dan akibatnya, Blok Timur. Pidato beliau sering kali menegaskan bahawa dasar berkecuali dan kerjasama dengan semua negara akan menjadi semula jadi selagi negara-negara ini tidak menggunakan pengaruh mereka untuk menekan Yugoslavia untuk berpihak. Perhubungan dengan Amerika Syarikat dan negara-negara Eropah Barat umumnya mesra. <> Semasa apa tempoh Tito mengejar dasar berkecuali? || Perang Dingin <> Dengan siapa kepercayaan Tito dalam penentuan nasib sendiri menyebabkan keretakan? || Stalin <> Apa jenis negara yang Tito menjalin hubungan dengan? || membangunkan <> siapa yang mempunyai keyakinan kuat dalam penentuan nasib sendiri dan menentang Stalin kerana ini? || Tito <> Tito mempunyai hubungan mesra dengan Amerika Syarikat dan kawasan Barat lain apa? || Negara-negara Eropah Barat", {"qas": [{"question": "During what period did Tito pursue a policy of neutrality?", "id": "56f7eff2aef2371900625c7e", "answers": [{"text": "Cold War", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With whom did Tito's belief in self-determination cause a rift?", "id": "56f7eff2aef2371900625c7f", "answers": [{"text": "Stalin", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of countries did Tito develop relations with?", "id": "56f7eff2aef2371900625c80", "answers": [{"text": "developing", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who had a strong belief in self-determination and was opposed to Stalin because of this?", "id": "56f7eff2aef2371900625c81", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tito had cordial relations with the United States and what other Western area?", "id": "56f7eff2aef2371900625c82", "answers": [{"text": "Western European nations", "answer_start": 494}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Tito was notable for pursuing a foreign policy of neutrality during the Cold War and for establishing close ties with developing countries. Tito's strong belief in self-determination caused early rift with Stalin and consequently, the Eastern Bloc. His public speeches often reiterated that policy of neutrality and cooperation with all countries would be natural as long as these countries did not use their influence to pressure Yugoslavia to take sides. Relations with the United States and Western European nations were generally cordial."}], ["Yugoslavia mempunyai dasar perjalanan liberal yang membolehkan orang asing bebas mengembara ke seluruh negara dan rakyatnya untuk melakukan perjalanan di seluruh dunia, sementara itu dibatasi oleh kebanyakan negara komunis. Bilangan [mengira] warga Yugoslav bekerja di seluruh Eropah Barat. Tito bertemu dengan banyak pemimpin dunia semasa pemerintahannya, seperti raja Soviet Joseph Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev dan Leonid Brezhnev; Gamal Mesir Abdel Nasser, ahli politik India Jawaharlal Nehru dan Indira Gandhi; Perdana Menteri Britain Winston Churchill, James Callaghan dan Margaret Thatcher; Presiden A.S. Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford dan Jimmy Carter; pemimpin politik, tokoh dan ketua negara lain bahawa Tito bertemu sekurang-kurangnya sekali dalam hidupnya termasuk Che Guevara, Fidel Castro, Yasser Arafat, Willy Brandt, Helmut Schmidt, Georges Pompidou, Ratu Elizabeth II, Hua Guofeng, Kim Il Sung, Sukarno, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Suharto, Idi Amin, Haile Selassie, Kenneth Kaunda, Gaddafi, Erich Honecker, Nicolae Ceau\u015fescu, J\u00e1nos K\u00e1d\u00e1r dan Urho Kekkonen. Dia juga bertemu dengan ramai selebriti. <> Nasser adalah pemimpin negara apa? || Mesir <> Nehru adalah pemimpin negara apa? || India <> Gandhi adalah pemimpin negara apa? || India <> Eisenhower adalah presiden negara apa? || A.S. <> Nixon adalah presiden negara apa? || A.S.", {"qas": [{"question": "Nasser was a leader of what country?", "id": "56f7f110aef2371900625c92", "answers": [{"text": "Egypt", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Nehru was a leader of what country?", "id": "56f7f110aef2371900625c93", "answers": [{"text": "Indian", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Gandhi was a leader of what country?", "id": "56f7f110aef2371900625c94", "answers": [{"text": "Indian", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Eisenhower was a president of what country?", "id": "56f7f110aef2371900625c95", "answers": [{"text": "U.S.", "answer_start": 548}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Nixon was a president of what country?", "id": "56f7f110aef2371900625c96", "answers": [{"text": "U.S.", "answer_start": 548}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Yugoslavia had a liberal travel policy permitting foreigners to freely travel through the country and its citizens to travel worldwide, whereas it was limited by most Communist countries. A number[quantify] of Yugoslav citizens worked throughout Western Europe. Tito met many world leaders during his rule, such as Soviet rulers Joseph Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev; Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, Indian politicians Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi; British Prime Ministers Winston Churchill, James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher; U.S. Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter; other political leaders, dignitaries and heads of state that Tito met at least once in his lifetime included Che Guevara, Fidel Castro, Yasser Arafat, Willy Brandt, Helmut Schmidt, Georges Pompidou, Queen Elizabeth II, Hua Guofeng, Kim Il Sung, Sukarno, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Suharto, Idi Amin, Haile Selassie, Kenneth Kaunda, Gaddafi, Erich Honecker, Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu, J\u00e1nos K\u00e1d\u00e1r and Urho Kekkonen. He also met numerous celebrities."}], ["Kerana neutralitasnya, Yugoslavia sering jarang ditemui di kalangan negara-negara Komunis untuk mempunyai hubungan diplomatik dengan pemerintah sayap kanan, anti-Komunis. Sebagai contoh, Yugoslavia adalah satu-satunya negara komunis yang dibenarkan memiliki kedutaan di Paraguay Alfredo Stroessner. Satu pengecualian yang ketara terhadap sikap netral Yugoslavia terhadap negara-negara anti-komunis ialah Chile di bawah Pinochet; Yugoslavia adalah salah satu daripada banyak negara yang memisahkan hubungan diplomatik dengan Chile selepas Salvador Allende digulingkan. Yugoslavia juga menyediakan bantuan ketenteraan dan bekalan senjata kepada rejim anti-Komunis yang kuat seperti Guatemala di bawah Kjell Eugenio Laugerud Garc\u00eda. <> Apa satu-satunya negara komunis yang dibenarkan untuk memiliki kedutaan di Paraguay Stroessner? || Yugoslavia <> Yugoslavia adalah satu-satunya negara komunis yang mempunyai kedutaan di mana? || Paraguay Alfredo Stroessner <> Pinochet memerintah negara apa? || Chile <> Siapa Pinochet menggulingkan? || Allende <> Negara apa yang dilakukan oleh Kjell Eugenio Laugerud Garcia? || Guatemala", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the only Communist country allowed to have an embassy in Stroessner's Paraguay?", "id": "56f7f364a6d7ea1400e17309", "answers": [{"text": "Yugoslavia", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Yugoslavia was the only communist country to have an embassy where?", "id": "56f7f364a6d7ea1400e1730a", "answers": [{"text": "Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Pinochet ruled what country?", "id": "56f7f364a6d7ea1400e1730b", "answers": [{"text": "Chile", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Pinochet overthrow?", "id": "56f7f364a6d7ea1400e1730c", "answers": [{"text": "Allende", "answer_start": 483}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country did Kjell Eugenio Laugerud Garcia lead?", "id": "56f7f364a6d7ea1400e1730d", "answers": [{"text": "Guatemala", "answer_start": 615}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Because of its neutrality, Yugoslavia would often be rare among Communist countries to have diplomatic relations with right-wing, anti-Communist governments. For example, Yugoslavia was the only communist country allowed to have an embassy in Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay. One notable exception to Yugoslavia's neutral stance toward anti-communist countries was Chile under Pinochet; Yugoslavia was one of many countries which severed diplomatic relations with Chile after Salvador Allende was overthrown. Yugoslavia also provided military aid and arms supplies to staunchly anti-Communist regimes such as that of Guatemala under Kjell Eugenio Laugerud Garc\u00eda."}], ["Pada tahun 1966 perjanjian dengan Vatican, yang dipupuk sebahagiannya oleh kematian pada tahun 1960 oleh uskup anti-komunis Zagreb Aloysius Stepinac dan beralih dalam pendekatan gereja untuk menentang komunisme yang berasal dari Majlis Vatikan Kedua, memberikan kebebasan baru kepada Yugoslav Roman Catholic Church , terutamanya untuk menaja dan membuka seminari. Perjanjian itu juga mengurangkan ketegangan, yang telah menghalang penamaan uskup baru di Yugoslavia semenjak 1945. Sosialisme baru Tito menentang pembangkang daripada komunis tradisional yang berpuncak dalam konspirasi yang diketuai oleh Aleksandar Rankovi\u0107. Pada tahun yang sama, Tito mengisytiharkan bahawa komunis mesti memasuki carta Yugoslavia dengan kekuatan hujah mereka (menyiratkan penolakan Leninist ortodoksi dan perkembangan Komunisme liberal). Pentadbiran Keselamatan Negeri (UDBA) menyaksikan kuasanya berkurang dan kakitangannya dikurangkan kepada 5000. <> Apa yang anti-komunis archbisoph meninggal pada tahun 1960? || Stepinac <> Kematian Stepinac memberikan kebebasan baru kepada cabang cawangan Gereja Roman Katolik? || Yugoslav <> Agensi apakah kakitangannya telah dikurangkan menjadi 5000 setelah ortodoksi Lenninist ditinggalkan? || UDBA <> Apa akronim menggambarkan Pentadbiran Keselamatan Negeri? || UDBA <> Apa ideologi yang Tito meninggalkan sebagai sebahagian daripada sosialisme barunya? || Leninist", {"qas": [{"question": "What anti-communist archbisoph died in 1960?", "id": "56f7f512aef2371900625cd4", "answers": [{"text": "Stepinac", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Stepinac's death gave new freedom to what branch of the Roman Catholic Church?", "id": "56f7f512aef2371900625cd5", "answers": [{"text": "Yugoslav", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What agency had its staff reduced to 5000 after Lenninist orthodoxy was abandoned?", "id": "56f7f512aef2371900625cd6", "answers": [{"text": "UDBA", "answer_start": 813}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What acronym describes the State Security Administration?", "id": "56f7f512aef2371900625cd7", "answers": [{"text": "UDBA", "answer_start": 813}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ideology did Tito abandon as part of his new socialism?", "id": "56f7f512aef2371900625cd8", "answers": [{"text": "Leninist", "answer_start": 720}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1966 an agreement with the Vatican, fostered in part by the death in 1960 of anti-communist archbishop of Zagreb Aloysius Stepinac and shifts in the church's approach to resisting communism originating in the Second Vatican Council, accorded new freedom to the Yugoslav Roman Catholic Church, particularly to catechize and open seminaries. The agreement also eased tensions, which had prevented the naming of new bishops in Yugoslavia since 1945. Tito's new socialism met opposition from traditional communists culminating in conspiracy headed by Aleksandar Rankovi\u0107. In the same year Tito declared that Communists must henceforth chart Yugoslavia's course by the force of their arguments (implying an abandonment of Leninist orthodoxy and development of liberal Communism). The State Security Administration (UDBA) saw its power scaled back and its staff reduced to 5000."}], ["Pada tahun 1971, Tito dipilih semula sebagai Presiden Yugoslavia oleh Perhimpunan Persekutuan untuk kali keenam. Dalam ucapannya di hadapan Perhimpunan Persekutuan, beliau memperkenalkan 20 pindaan perlembagaan yang menyulitkan yang akan menyediakan rangka kerja yang dikemaskini di mana negara akan berasaskan. Pindaan yang disediakan untuk jawatan presiden kolektif, badan 22 anggota yang terdiri daripada wakil rakyat dari enam republik dan dua wilayah autonomi. Badan itu akan mempunyai seorang pengerusi jawatan presiden dan pengerusi akan berputar di kalangan enam republik. Apabila Perhimpunan Persekutuan gagal menyetujui undang-undang, jawatan presiden kolektif akan mempunyai kuasa untuk memerintah melalui dekri. Pindaan juga menyediakan kabinet yang lebih kuat dengan kuasa yang besar untuk memulakan dan mengejar badan perundangan secara bebas dari Parti Komunis. D\u017eemal Bijedi\u0107 dipilih sebagai Perdana Menteri. Pindaan baru ini bertujuan untuk mendesentralisasi negara dengan memberikan autonomi yang lebih besar kepada republik dan wilayah. Kerajaan persekutuan akan mengekalkan kuasa hanya atas urusan luar negeri, pertahanan, keselamatan dalaman, urusan kewangan, perdagangan bebas dalam Yugoslavia, dan pinjaman pembangunan ke kawasan yang lebih miskin. Kawalan pendidikan, penjagaan kesihatan, dan perumahan akan dilaksanakan sepenuhnya oleh kerajaan republik dan wilayah autonomi. <> Pada tahun apakah Tito dipilih semula presiden Yugoslavia untuk kali keenam? || 1971 <> Siapa yang memilih presiden Tito pada tahun 1971? || Perhimpunan Persekutuan <> Berapa banyak pindaan perlembagaan yang dilakukan oleh Tito pada tahun 1971? || 20 <> Siapa yang dipilih sebagai Perdana Menteri pada tahun 1971 di Yugoslavia? || Bijedi\u0107 <> Apa cawangan kerajaan Yugoslav akan mengekalkan kawalan ke atas urusan luar negeri, pertahanan dan keselamatan dalam negeri? || persekutuan", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was Tito reelected president of Yugoslavia for the sixth time?", "id": "56f7f7eea6d7ea1400e17339", "answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who elected Tito president in 1971?", "id": "56f7f7eea6d7ea1400e1733a", "answers": [{"text": "Federal Assembly", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many sweeping constitutional amendments did Tito introduce in 1971?", "id": "56f7f7eea6d7ea1400e1733b", "answers": [{"text": "20", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was chosen as a premier in 1971 in Yugoslavia?", "id": "56f7f7eea6d7ea1400e1733c", "answers": [{"text": "Bijedi\u0107", "answer_start": 810}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What branch of the Yugoslav government would retain control over foreign affairs, defense and internal security?", "id": "56f7f7eea6d7ea1400e1733d", "answers": [{"text": "federal", "answer_start": 959}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1971, Tito was re-elected as President of Yugoslavia by the Federal Assembly for the sixth time. In his speech before the Federal Assembly he introduced 20 sweeping constitutional amendments that would provide an updated framework on which the country would be based. The amendments provided for a collective presidency, a 22-member body consisting of elected representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces. The body would have a single chairman of the presidency and chairmanship would rotate among six republics. When the Federal Assembly fails to agree on legislation, the collective presidency would have the power to rule by decree. Amendments also provided for stronger cabinet with considerable power to initiate and pursue legislature independently from the Communist Party. D\u017eemal Bijedi\u0107 was chosen as the Premier. The new amendments aimed to decentralize the country by granting greater autonomy to republics and provinces. The federal government would retain authority only over foreign affairs, defense, internal security, monetary affairs, free trade within Yugoslavia, and development loans to poorer regions. Control of education, healthcare, and housing would be exercised entirely by the governments of the republics and the autonomous provinces."}], ["Tito juga telah dinamakan sebagai bertanggungjawab untuk penghapusan sistematik penduduk etnik Jerman (Danube Swabian) di Vojvodina oleh pengusiran dan eksekusi jisim berikutan kejatuhan pendudukan Jerman Yugoslavia pada akhir Perang Dunia II, berbeza dengan sikap inklusifnya terhadap kebangsaan Yugoslav lain. <> Apakah asal etnik dari orang Swabian Danube? || Jerman <> Di mana lokasi populasi Swabian Danube? || Vojvodina <> Terdapat puak besar penduduk Danube Swabian di bandar apa? || Vojvodina <> Kumpulan mana yang menduduki Yugoslavia pada akhir Perang Dunia II? || Jerman <> Pada akhir Perang Dunia apa yang Jerman menduduki Yugoslavia? || Perang Dunia II,", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the ethnic origin of the Danube Swabian people?", "id": "56f826b1aef2371900625e3b", "answers": [{"text": "German", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the location of the Danube Swabian population?", "id": "56f826b1aef2371900625e3c", "answers": [{"text": "Vojvodina", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "There were mass executions of Danube Swabian populations in what city?", "id": "56f826b1aef2371900625e3d", "answers": [{"text": "Vojvodina", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which group of people occupied Yugoslavia at the end of World War II?", "id": "56f826b1aef2371900625e3e", "answers": [{"text": "German", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At the end of what World War did the Germans occupy Yugoslavia?", "id": "56f826b1aef2371900625e3f", "answers": [{"text": "World War II,", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Tito has also been named as responsible for systematic eradication of the ethnic German (Danube Swabian) population in Vojvodina by expulsions and mass executions following the collapse of the German occupation of Yugoslavia at the end of World War II, in contrast to his inclusive attitude towards other Yugoslav nationalities."}], ["Pada tahun-tahun selepas pembubaran Yugoslavia, beberapa ahli sejarah menyatakan bahawa hak asasi manusia ditindas di Yugoslavia di bawah Tito, terutamanya pada dekad yang pertama sehingga perpecahan Tito-Stalin. Pada 4 Oktober 2011, Mahkamah Perlembagaan Slovenia mendapati penamaan jalan pada tahun 2009 di Ljubljana selepas Tito tidak berperlembagaan. Walaupun beberapa kawasan awam di Slovenia (yang dinamakan semasa tempoh Yugoslav) telah menanggung nama Tito, mengenai isu menamakan semula jalan tambahan, mahkamah memutuskan bahawa: <> Pada tahun apakah sebuah mahkamah Slovenia mendapati penamaan jalan pada tahun 2009 selepas Tito menjadi tidak berperlembagaan? || 2011 <> Di manakah jalan yang dinamakan sempena Tito yang ditemui tidak konstitusional? || Ljubljana <> Beberapa kawasan awam Slovenia menanggung nama orang tersebut. || Tito <> Di bawah pemerintahan mana yang dikatakan para sejarawan berpendapat hak asasi manusia ditindas di Yugoslavia? || Tito", {"qas": [{"question": "On what year did a Slovenian court find a 2009 naming of a street after Tito to be unconstitutional?", "id": "56f82554aef2371900625e25", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the street named after Tito that was found unconstitutional located?", "id": "56f82554aef2371900625e26", "answers": [{"text": "Ljubljana", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Several public area of Slovenia bear which person's name.", "id": "56f82554aef2371900625e27", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 426}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Under which ruler do historians argue human rights were suppressed in Yugoslavia?", "id": "56f82554aef2371900625e28", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the years following the dissolution of Yugoslavia, some historians stated that human rights were suppressed in Yugoslavia under Tito, particularly in the first decade up until the Tito-Stalin split. On 4 October 2011, the Slovenian Constitutional Court found a 2009 naming of a street in Ljubljana after Tito to be unconstitutional. While several public areas in Slovenia (named during the Yugoslav period) do already bear Tito's name, on the issue of renaming an additional street the court ruled that:"}], ["Walau bagaimanapun, mahkamah menyatakan secara jelas bahawa tujuan kajian semula itu \"bukanlah keputusan mengenai Tito sebagai angka atau tindakan konkritnya, dan juga bukan fakta dan keadaan sejarah\". Slovenia mempunyai beberapa jalan dan dataran yang dinamakan sempena Tito, terutamanya Tito Square di Velenje, menggabungkan patung 10 meter. <> Tito Square terletak di bandar Slovenia apa? || Velenje <> Berapa tinggi patung di Tito Square? || 10 meter <> Di mana patung 10 meter Tito terletak? || Dataran Tito <> Di mana terletak Velenje? || Slovenia", {"qas": [{"question": "Tito Square is located in what Slovenian city?", "id": "56f8262eaef2371900625e33", "answers": [{"text": "Velenje", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How tall is the statue in Tito Square?", "id": "56f8262eaef2371900625e34", "answers": [{"text": "10-meter", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is a 10-meter statue of Tito located?", "id": "56f8262eaef2371900625e35", "answers": [{"text": "Tito Square", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Velenje located?", "id": "56f8262eaef2371900625e36", "answers": [{"text": "Slovenia", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The court, however, explicitly made it clear that the purpose of the review was \"not a verdict on Tito as a figure or on his concrete actions, as well as not a historical weighing of facts and circumstances\". Slovenia has several streets and squares named after Tito, notably Tito Square in Velenje, incorporating a 10-meter statue."}], ["Setiap tahun persaingan \"Persaudaraan dan Perpaduan\" dianjurkan di Montenegro, Macedonia dan Serbia yang berakhir di \"House of Flowers\" di Belgrade pada 25 Mei - tempat berehat Tito. Pada masa yang sama, pelari di Slovenia, Croatia dan Bosnia dan Herzegovina berlepas ke Kumrovec, tempat kelahiran Tito di utara Croatia. Penyambungan ini adalah kali tersendiri dari zaman Yugoslav, ketika orang muda melakukan perjalanan tahunan yang sama dengan berjalan kaki melalui Yugoslavia yang berakhir di Belgrade dengan sambutan besar-besaran. <> Di manakah berakhirnya persaingan \"Persaudaraan dan Perpaduan\" tahunan? || \"Rumah Bunga\" <> Di mana tempat berehat terakhir Tito? || Belgrade <> Di mana tempat kelahiran Tito di Croatia? || Kumrovec <> Berapa kerapkah persembahan \"Ikhwan dan Perpaduan\" dilakukan? || Setiap tahun <> Pada hari apa pada bulan Mei adakah perarakan \"Ikhwan dan Perpaduan\" berakhir? || 25", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does the annual \"Brotherhood and Unity\" relay race end?", "id": "56f823f3aef2371900625e1b", "answers": [{"text": "\"House of Flowers\"", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the final resting place of Tito?", "id": "56f823f3aef2371900625e1c", "answers": [{"text": "Belgrade", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Tito's birthplace in Croatia?", "id": "56f823f3aef2371900625e1d", "answers": [{"text": "Kumrovec", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How often is the \"Brotherhood and Unity\" relay race done?", "id": "56f823f3aef2371900625e1e", "answers": [{"text": "Every year", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day in May does the \"Brotherhood and Unity\" relay race end?", "id": "56f823f3aef2371900625e1f", "answers": [{"text": "25", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Every year a \"Brotherhood and Unity\" relay race is organized in Montenegro, Macedonia and Serbia which ends at the \"House of Flowers\" in Belgrade on May 25 \u2013 the final resting place of Tito. At the same time, runners in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina set off for Kumrovec, Tito's birthplace in northern Croatia. The relay is a left-over from Yugoslav times, when young people made a similar yearly trek on foot through Yugoslavia that ended in Belgrade with a massive celebration."}], ["Lawatan Tito ke Amerika Syarikat mengelakkan sebahagian besar daripada Timur Laut kerana minoriti besar Yugoslav yang berhijrah mengenai komunisme di Yugoslavia. Keselamatan untuk lawatan negeri biasanya tinggi untuk menjauhkannya dari penunjuk perasaan, yang sering akan membakar bendera Yugoslavia. Semasa lawatan ke Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu pada akhir 1970-an, para pendatang menjerit \"pembunuh Tito\" di luar hotel New York, yang dia protes kepada pihak berkuasa Amerika Syarikat. <> Apa bendera penunjuk perasaan Tito sering terbakar? || Yugoslav <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh para penunjuk perasaan ketika menjelajah Tito ke Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu pada akhir 1970-an? || Pembunuh Tito <> Pihak berkuasa mana yang menimbulkan aduan dari TI kepada para penunjuk perasaan? || Pihak berkuasa Amerika Syarikat. <> Apa keadaan Amerika yang melawat Tito ketika dia melihat U.N. || New York <> Keselamatan untuk lawatan Tito adalah luar biasa tinggi untuk menjaga Tito dari apa individu? || penunjuk perasaan", {"qas": [{"question": "What flag did protesters of Tito often burn?", "id": "56f81d9ba6d7ea1400e173c3", "answers": [{"text": "Yugoslav", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did protesters scream during Tito's visit to the United Nations in the late 1970's?", "id": "56f81d9ba6d7ea1400e173c4", "answers": [{"text": "Tito murderer", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which authorities fielded complaints from TIto about protesters?", "id": "56f81d9ba6d7ea1400e173c5", "answers": [{"text": "United States authorities.", "answer_start": 418}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What American state did Tito visit when he saw the U.N.?", "id": "56f81d9ba6d7ea1400e173c6", "answers": [{"text": "New York", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Security for Tito's visit was unusually high to keep Tito away from what individuals?", "id": "56f81d9ba6d7ea1400e173c7", "answers": [{"text": "protesters", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Tito's visits to the United States avoided most of the Northeast due to large minorities of Yugoslav emigrants bitter about communism in Yugoslavia. Security for the state visits was usually high to keep him away from protesters, who would frequently burn the Yugoslav flag. During a visit to the United Nations in the late 1970s emigrants shouted \"Tito murderer\" outside his New York hotel, for which he protested to United States authorities."}], ["Tito dikebumikan di sebuah makam di Beograd, yang merupakan sebahagian daripada kompleks peringatan di dasar Muzium Sejarah Yugoslavia (dahulu dikenali sebagai \"Muzium 25 Mei\" dan \"Muzium Revolusi\"). Makam sebenar dipanggil House of Flowers (Ku\u0107a Cve\u0107a) dan banyak orang melawat tempat itu sebagai kuil untuk \"masa yang lebih baik\". Muzium ini menyimpan hadiah Tito semasa presidennya. Koleksi ini juga termasuk cetakan asal Los Caprichos oleh Francisco Goya, dan banyak lagi. Kerajaan Serbia telah merancang untuk menggabungkannya ke Muzium Sejarah Serbia. Pada masa kematiannya, spekulasi bermula sama ada penggantinya boleh terus memegang Yugoslavia bersama-sama. Bahagian dan konflik etnik berkembang dan akhirnya meletus dalam satu siri perang Yugoslav satu dekad selepas kematiannya. <> Di mana bandar Tito dikebumikan? || Belgrade <> Muzium apa yang dahulunya dikenali sebagai \"Muzium 25 Mei\"? || Muzium Sejarah Yugoslav <> Apa nama diberikan kepada makam Tito? || House of Flowers <> Siapa yang membuat cetakan asal Los Caprichos? || Francisco Goya Selepas kematiannya spekulasi bermula mengenai sama ada penggantinya boleh terus memegang Yugoslavia bersama-sama? || Tito", {"qas": [{"question": "In what city was Tito interred?", "id": "56f82089aef2371900625dfd", "answers": [{"text": "Belgrade", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What museum was formerly called \"Museum 25 May\"?", "id": "56f82089aef2371900625dfe", "answers": [{"text": "Museum of Yugoslav History", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What name was given to Tito's mausoleum?", "id": "56f82089aef2371900625dff", "answers": [{"text": "House of Flowers", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who made the original print of Los Caprichos?", "id": "56f82089aef2371900625e00", "answers": [{"text": "Francisco Goya", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After whose death did speculation begin concerning whether his successors could continue to hold Yugoslavia together?", "id": "56f82089aef2371900625e01", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Tito was interred in a mausoleum in Belgrade, which forms part of a memorial complex in the grounds of the Museum of Yugoslav History (formerly called \"Museum 25 May\" and \"Museum of the Revolution\"). The actual mausoleum is called House of Flowers (Ku\u0107a Cve\u0107a) and numerous people visit the place as a shrine to \"better times\". The museum keeps the gifts Tito received during his presidency. The collection also includes original prints of Los Caprichos by Francisco Goya, and many others. The Government of Serbia has planned to merge it into the Museum of the History of Serbia. At the time of his death, speculation began about whether his successors could continue to hold Yugoslavia together. Ethnic divisions and conflict grew and eventually erupted in a series of Yugoslav wars a decade after his death."}], ["Selepas perubahan perlembagaan tahun 1974, Tito mula mengurangkan peranannya dalam menjalankan tugas harian negara. Beliau terus melakukan perjalanan ke luar negeri dan menerima pelawat asing, pergi ke Beijing pada tahun 1977 dan mendamaikan dengan kepemimpinan Cina yang pernah menamakannya seorang revisionis. Seterusnya, Pengerusi Hua Guofeng melawat Yugoslavia pada tahun 1979. Pada tahun 1978, Tito mengembara ke A.S. Semasa kunjungan keamanan yang ketat dilakukan di Washington, D.C. akibat protes oleh kelompok anti-komunis Kroat, Serbia dan Albania. <> Di mana perjalanan Tito pada tahun 1977 untuk berdamai dengan kepimpinan Cina? || Beijing <> Dalam tahun berapa Tito pergi ke China untuk berdamai dengan kepimpinan Cina? || 1977 <> Apa pemimpin Cina pergi ke Yugoslavia pada tahun 1979? || Pengerusi Hua Guofeng Setelah perubahan konstitusional dibuat pada tahun apa Tito mengurangkan perannya dalam menjalankan tugas sehari-hari. || 1974 <> Pada tahun apakah Tito pergi ke A.S. untuk melawat Washington D.C., protes amist oleh kumpulan anti-komunis Croatia, Serbia dan Albania? || 1978", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did Tito travel in 1977 to reconcile with Chinese leadership?", "id": "56f81eceaef2371900625de1", "answers": [{"text": "Beijing", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Tito travel to China to reconcile with Chinese leadership?", "id": "56f81eceaef2371900625de2", "answers": [{"text": "1977", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Chinese leader traveled to Yugoslavia in 1979?", "id": "56f81eceaef2371900625de3", "answers": [{"text": "Chairman Hua Guofeng", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After the constitutional changes made in what year did Tito reduce his role in the day-to-day running of the state.", "id": "56f81eceaef2371900625de4", "answers": [{"text": "1974", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Tito travel to the U.S. to visit Washington D.C., amist protest by anti-communist Croat, Serb and Albanian groups?", "id": "56f81eceaef2371900625de5", "answers": [{"text": "1978", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After the constitutional changes of 1974, Tito began reducing his role in the day-to-day running of the state. He continued to travel abroad and receive foreign visitors, going to Beijing in 1977 and reconciling with a Chinese leadership that had once branded him a revisionist. In turn, Chairman Hua Guofeng visited Yugoslavia in 1979. In 1978, Tito traveled to the U.S. During the visit strict security was imposed in Washington, D.C. owing to protests by anti-communist Croat, Serb and Albanian groups."}], ["Tito menjadi semakin sakit sepanjang tahun 1979. Selama ini Vila Srna dibina untuk kegunaannya berhampiran Morovi\u0107 sekiranya pemulihannya. Pada 7 Januari dan sekali lagi pada 11 Januari 1980, Tito dimasukkan ke Pusat Perubatan di Ljubljana, ibukota SR Slovenia, dengan masalah peredaran di kakinya. Kaki kirinya diampunkan tidak lama kemudian disebabkan oleh penyumbatan arteri dan dia meninggal dunia akibat gangren di Pusat Perubatan Ljubljana pada 4 Mei 1980 pada pukul 15:05, tiga hari yang singkat dari hari ulang tahun ke-88nya. Pengebumiannya menarik banyak penasihat dunia. Berasaskan jumlah ahli politik dan delegasi negeri, pada masa itu adalah pengebumian negara terbesar dalam sejarah; kepekatan orang kenamaan ini tidak dapat ditandingi sehingga pengebumian Pope John Paul II pada tahun 2005 dan perkhidmatan peringatan Nelson Mandela pada tahun 2013. Mereka yang hadir termasuk empat raja, 31 presiden, enam putera, 22 perdana menteri dan 47 menteri urusan luar negeri. Mereka datang dari kedua-dua belah Perang Dingin, dari 128 negara yang berbeza daripada 154 anggota PBB pada masa itu. <> Selama tahun berapa Tito menjadi semakin sakit? || 1979 <> Apa yang dibina berhampiran Morovic untuk Tito untuk digunakan dalam keadaan pemulihannya? || Vila Srna <> Di mana Tito mengakui pada 7 Januari dan sekali lagi pada 11 Januari 1980 dengan masalah peredaran darah? || Pusat Perubatan di Ljubljana <> Bilakah Tito mati? || 4 Mei 1980 <> Kematian Tito adalah apa? || gangrene", {"qas": [{"question": "During what year did Tito become increasingly ill?", "id": "56f81fb1aef2371900625deb", "answers": [{"text": "1979", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was built near Morovic for Tito to use in the event of his recovery?", "id": "56f81fb1aef2371900625dec", "answers": [{"text": "Vila Srna", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Tito admitted on 7 January and again on 11 January 1980 with circulatory problems?", "id": "56f81fb1aef2371900625ded", "answers": [{"text": "the Medical Centre in Ljubljana", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Tito die?", "id": "56f81fb1aef2371900625dee", "answers": [{"text": "4 May 1980", "answer_start": 446}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tito's cause of death was what?", "id": "56f81fb1aef2371900625def", "answers": [{"text": "gangrene", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Tito became increasingly ill over the course of 1979. During this time Vila Srna was built for his use near Morovi\u0107 in the event of his recovery. On 7 January and again on 11 January 1980, Tito was admitted to the Medical Centre in Ljubljana, the capital city of the SR Slovenia, with circulation problems in his legs. His left leg was amputated soon afterward due to arterial blockages and he died of gangrene at the Medical Centre Ljubljana on 4 May 1980 at 15:05, three days short of his 88th birthday. His funeral drew many world statesmen. Based on the number of attending politicians and state delegations, at the time it was the largest state funeral in history; this concentration of dignitaries would be unmatched until the funeral of Pope John Paul II in 2005 and the memorial service of Nelson Mandela in 2013. Those who attended included four kings, 31 presidents, six princes, 22 prime ministers and 47 ministers of foreign affairs. They came from both sides of the Cold War, from 128 different countries out of 154 UN members at the time."}], ["Kekuatan terbesar Tito, di mata komunis barat, telah menindas pemberontakan nasionalis dan mengekalkan perpaduan di seluruh negara. Ia adalah panggilan Tito untuk perpaduan, dan kaedah yang berkaitan, yang diadakan bersama rakyat Yugoslavia. Keupayaan ini telah diuji beberapa kali semasa pemerintahannya, terutamanya semasa Spring Croatia (juga disebut sebagai Masovni pokret, maspok, yang bermaksud \"Pergerakan Massa\") ketika kerajaan menindas kedua-dua demonstrasi awam dan menentang pendapat dalam Partai Komunis. Walaupun penindasan ini, kebanyakan tuntutan maspok kemudiannya direalisasikan dengan perlembagaan baru, yang sangat disokong oleh Tito sendiri terhadap penentangan dari cawangan Serbia parti. [16] Pada 16 Mei 1974, Perlembagaan baru telah diluluskan, dan Tito dinamakan presiden untuk kehidupan, status yang dia akan nikmati selama lima tahun. <> Apa panggilan orang untuk perpaduan dikreditkan oleh komunis barat untuk memegang bersama Yugoslavia? || Tito <> Apa yang disebut sebagai \"Pergerakan Massa\"? || Spring Croatia <> Bilakah Perlembagaan Yugoslavia baru diluluskan? || 16 Mei 1974 <> Siapa yang dinamakan Presiden Kehidupan Yugoslavia pada tahun 1974? || Tito <> Berapa lama orang yang bernama \"presiden untuk kehidupan\" berkhidmat? || lima tahun.", {"qas": [{"question": "What person's calls for unity is credited by western communists of holding together Yugoslavia?", "id": "56f81c7da6d7ea1400e173b9", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was referred to as the \"Mass Movement\"?", "id": "56f81c7da6d7ea1400e173ba", "answers": [{"text": "the Croatian Spring", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the new Yugoslavian constitution passed?", "id": "56f81c7da6d7ea1400e173bb", "answers": [{"text": "16 May 1974", "answer_start": 742}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was named President for Life of Yugoslavia in 1974?", "id": "56f81c7da6d7ea1400e173bc", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 652}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did the person named \"president for life\" serve?", "id": "56f81c7da6d7ea1400e173bd", "answers": [{"text": "five years.", "answer_start": 871}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Tito's greatest strength, in the eyes of the western communists, had been in suppressing nationalist insurrections and maintaining unity throughout the country. It was Tito's call for unity, and related methods, that held together the people of Yugoslavia. This ability was put to a test several times during his reign, notably during the Croatian Spring (also referred as the Masovni pokret, maspok, meaning \"Mass Movement\") when the government suppressed both public demonstrations and dissenting opinions within the Communist Party. Despite this suppression, much of maspok's demands were later realized with the new constitution, heavily backed by Tito himself against opposition from the Serbian branch of the party.[citation needed] On 16 May 1974, the new Constitution was passed, and the aging Tito was named president for life, a status which he would enjoy for five years."}], ["Sepanjang hidupnya dan terutama pada tahun pertama selepas kematiannya, beberapa tempat dinamakan sempena Tito. Beberapa tempat ini telah kembali ke nama asal mereka, seperti Podgorica, yang sebelum ini adalah Titograd (walaupun lapangan terbang antarabangsa Podgorica masih dikenal pasti oleh kod TGD), dan U\u017eice, yang sebelum ini Titovo U\u017eice, yang kembali kepada nama aslinya pada tahun 1992. Jalan-jalan di Belgrade, ibukota, semuanya telah kembali ke nama sebelum Perang Dunia Kedua dan nama pra-komunis juga. Pada tahun 2004, patung Broun Antun Augustin\u010di\u0107 di tempat kelahirannya Kumrovec dipenggal dalam letupan. Ia kemudian dibaiki. Dua kali pada tahun 2008, protes berlaku di Marshal Tito Square, Zagreb, yang dianjurkan oleh sebuah kumpulan yang dipanggil Circle for the Square (Krug za Trg), bertujuan untuk memaksa kerajaan bandar untuk menamakannya semula dengan nama terdahulu, sementara protes kaunter Inisiatif Warga Terhadap Usta\u0161ism (Gra\u0111anska inicijativa protiv usta\u0161tva) menuduh \"Circle for the Square\" revisionisme sejarah dan neo-fasisme. Presiden Croatia Stjepan Mesi\u0107 mengkritik demonstrasi untuk menukar nama itu. Di kota pesisir Opatija di Kroasia jalan utama (juga jalan terpanjang) masih menamakan nama Marshal Tito, seperti jalan-jalan di beberapa bandar di Serbia, kebanyakannya di utara negara itu. Salah satu jalan utama di pusat bandar Sarajevo dipanggil Jalan Marshal Tito, dan patung Tito di sebuah taman di hadapan kampus universiti (bekas barisan JNA \"Mar\u0161al Tito\") di Marijin Dvor adalah tempat di mana Bosnia dan Sarajevans masih hari memperingati dan memberi penghormatan kepada Tito (gambar di sebelah kanan). Monumen Tito terbesar di dunia, kira-kira 10 m (33 kaki) tinggi, terletak di Tito Square (Slovene: Titov trg), dataran tengah di Velenje, Slovenia. Salah satu jambatan utama di bandar Maribor kedua terbesar di Slovenia ialah Tito Bridge (Titov most). Dataran pusat di Koper, bandar pelabuhan terbesar di Slovenia, juga dikenali sebagai Dataran Tito. <> Nama apa yang telah ditukar kepada Titograd? || Podgorica <> Bilakah Uziece kembali ke nama asalnya? || 1992 <> Di manakah tempat kelahiran Antun Augustincic? || Kumrovec <> Negara apa yang Presiden Stejpan Mesic? || Bahasa Croatia <> Di mana monumen Tito terbesar terletak? || Slovenia", {"qas": [{"question": "What name was changed to Titograd?", "id": "56f82341aef2371900625e11", "answers": [{"text": "Podgorica", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Uziece revert to its original name?", "id": "56f82341aef2371900625e12", "answers": [{"text": "1992", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the birthplace of Antun Augustincic?", "id": "56f82341aef2371900625e13", "answers": [{"text": "Kumrovec", "answer_start": 554}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country is Stejpan Mesic president of?", "id": "56f82341aef2371900625e14", "answers": [{"text": "Croatian", "answer_start": 1019}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the largest Tito monument located?", "id": "56f82341aef2371900625e15", "answers": [{"text": "Slovenia", "answer_start": 1736}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During his life and especially in the first year after his death, several places were named after Tito. Several of these places have since returned to their original names, such as Podgorica, formerly Titograd (though Podgorica's international airport is still identified by the code TGD), and U\u017eice, formerly Titovo U\u017eice, which reverted to its original name in 1992. Streets in Belgrade, the capital, have all reverted to their original pre\u2013World War II and pre-communist names as well. In 2004, Antun Augustin\u010di\u0107's statue of Broz in his birthplace of Kumrovec was decapitated in an explosion. It was subsequently repaired. Twice in 2008, protests took place in Zagreb's Marshal Tito Square, organized by a group called Circle for the Square (Krug za Trg), with an aim to force the city government to rename it to its previous name, while a counter-protest by Citizens' Initiative Against Usta\u0161ism (Gra\u0111anska inicijativa protiv usta\u0161tva) accused the \"Circle for the Square\" of historical revisionism and neo-fascism. Croatian president Stjepan Mesi\u0107 criticized the demonstration to change the name. In the Croatian coastal city of Opatija the main street (also its longest street) still bears the name of Marshal Tito, as do streets in numerous towns in Serbia, mostly in the country's north. One of the main streets in downtown Sarajevo is called Marshal Tito Street, and Tito's statue in a park in front of the university campus (ex. JNA barrack \"Mar\u0161al Tito\") in Marijin Dvor is a place where Bosnians and Sarajevans still today commemorate and pay tribute to Tito (image on the right). The largest Tito monument in the world, about 10 m (33 ft) high, is located at Tito Square (Slovene: Titov trg), the central square in Velenje, Slovenia. One of the main bridges in Slovenia's second largest city of Maribor is Tito Bridge (Titov most). The central square in Koper, the largest Slovenian port city, is as well named Tito Square."}], ["Mengenai pengetahuan bahasa, Tito menjawab bahawa dia bercakap Serbo-Croatian, Jerman, Rusia, dan bahasa Inggeris. Seorang penulis biografi juga menyatakan bahawa dia bercakap \"Serbo-Croatian ... Rusia, Czech, Slovenia ... Jerman (dengan aksen Wina) ... memahami dan membaca bahasa Perancis dan Itali ... [dan] juga bercakap Kirghiz.\" <> Dengan loghat apa yang dikatakan oleh Tito berbahasa Jerman menurut ahli biografi? || Wina <> Berapa banyak bahasa Inggeris yang dikatakan Tito? || beberapa <> Selain Serbo-Croatian, Jerman, Rusia, Czech, Slovenia dan Inggeris, Perancis dan Itali, bahasa apa yang dikatakan Tito? || Kirghiz", {"qas": [{"question": "With what accent did Tito speak German according to a biographer?", "id": "56f83708aef2371900625f1d", "answers": [{"text": "Viennese", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much English did Tito speak?", "id": "56f83708aef2371900625f1e", "answers": [{"text": "some", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Other than Serbo-Croatian, German, Russian, Czech, Slovenian and English, French and Italian, what language does Tito speak?", "id": "56f83708aef2371900625f1f", "answers": [{"text": "Kirghiz", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As regards knowledge of languages, Tito replied that he spoke Serbo-Croatian, German, Russian, and some English. A biographer also stated that he spoke \"Serbo-Croatian ... Russian, Czech, Slovenian ... German (with a Viennese accent) ... understands and reads French and Italian ... [and] also speaks Kirghiz.\""}], ["Pada tahun 1936, ketika Tito tinggal di Lux Hotel di Moscow, ia bertemu rakan Austria Lucia Bauer. Mereka berkahwin pada bulan Oktober 1936, tetapi rekod perkahwinan ini kemudian dipadamkan. <> Di mana Hotel Lux terletak di Rusia? || Moscow <> Bilakah Tito tinggal di Hotel Lux? || 1936 <> Apa nama rakan seperjuangan Austria Tito bertemu di Moscow pada tahun 1936? || Lucia Bauer <> Bilakah Tito berkahwin dengan Lucia Bauer? || 1936 <> Perkahwinan Tito kepada orang yang kemudiannya dipadamkan dalam rekod? || Lucia Bauer", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the Hotel Lux located in Russia?", "id": "56f827c4aef2371900625e4f", "answers": [{"text": "Moscow", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Tito stay at the Hotel Lux?", "id": "56f827c4aef2371900625e50", "answers": [{"text": "1936", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the Austrian comrade Tito met in Moscow in 1936?", "id": "56f827c4aef2371900625e51", "answers": [{"text": "Lucia Bauer", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Tito marry Lucia Bauer?", "id": "56f827c4aef2371900625e52", "answers": [{"text": "1936", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tito's marriage to what person was later erased in records?", "id": "56f827c4aef2371900625e53", "answers": [{"text": "Lucia Bauer", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1936, when Tito stayed at the Hotel Lux in Moscow, he met the Austrian comrade Lucia Bauer. They married in October 1936, but the records of this marriage were later erased."}], ["Setiap unit persekutuan mempunyai bandar atau bandar yang mempunyai kepentingan bersejarah dari zaman Perang Dunia II yang dinamakan semula sebagai nama Tito. Yang terbesar adalah Titograd, sekarang Podgorica, ibukota Montenegro. Kecuali Titograd, bandar-bandar telah dinamakan semula dengan penambahan kata sifat \"Tito's\" (\"Titov\"). Kota-kota: <> Apa nama bandar atau kota terbesar yang dinamakan semula dalam nama Tito? || Titograd <> Apa yang dipanggil Titograd sekarang? || Podgorica <> Apa itu ibukota Podgorica? || Montenegro <> Nama mana yang telah ditambahkan kepada nama untuk setiap bandar atau bandar yang mempunyai tanda sejarah dari zaman Perang Dunia II? || Tito", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the largest town or city renamed in Tito's name?", "id": "56f83905a6d7ea1400e174bd", "answers": [{"text": "Titograd", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Titograd now called?", "id": "56f83905a6d7ea1400e174be", "answers": [{"text": "Podgorica", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Podgorica the capital city of?", "id": "56f83905a6d7ea1400e174bf", "answers": [{"text": "Montenegro", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose name was added to the name for every town or city with historical signiciance from the World War II period?", "id": "56f83905a6d7ea1400e174c0", "answers": [{"text": "Tito's", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Every federal unit had a town or city with historic significance from the World War II period renamed to have Tito's name included. The largest of these was Titograd, now Podgorica, the capital city of Montenegro. With the exception of Titograd, the cities were renamed simply by the addition of the adjective \"Tito's\" (\"Titov\"). The cities were:"}], ["Cucu terkenal Tito termasuk Aleksandra Broz, pengarah teater terkemuka di Croatia; Svetlana Broz, ahli kardiologi dan penulis di Bosnia-Herzegovina; dan Josip \"Jo\u0161ka\" Broz, Edvard Broz dan Natali Klasevski, seorang tukang sulung Bosnia-Herzegovina. <> Yang mana dari cucu-cucu Tito adalah pengarah teater? || Aleksandra Broz Yang mana dari cucu-cucu Tito adalah ahli kardiologi dan penulis? || Svetlana Broz <> Di manakah hidup Svetlana Broz? || Bosnia-Herzegovina <> Di mana Leksandra Broz hidup? || Croatia <> Di mana Edvard Broz hidup? || Bosnia-Herzegovina", {"qas": [{"question": "Which of Tito's grandchildren is a theatre director?", "id": "56f82b9eaef2371900625e93", "answers": [{"text": "Aleksandra Broz", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of Tito's grandchildren is a cardiologist and writer?", "id": "56f82b9eaef2371900625e94", "answers": [{"text": "Svetlana Broz", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does Svetlana Broz live?", "id": "56f82b9eaef2371900625e95", "answers": [{"text": "Bosnia-Herzegovina", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does Leksandra Broz live?", "id": "56f82b9eaef2371900625e96", "answers": [{"text": "Croatia", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does Edvard Broz live?", "id": "56f82b9eaef2371900625e97", "answers": [{"text": "Bosnia-Herzegovina", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Tito's notable grandchildren include Aleksandra Broz, a prominent theatre director in Croatia; Svetlana Broz, a cardiologist and writer in Bosnia-Herzegovina; and Josip \"Jo\u0161ka\" Broz, Edvard Broz and Natali Klasevski, an artisan of Bosnia-Herzegovina."}], ["Sebagai Presiden, Tito mempunyai akses ke harta tanah yang luas (milik negara) yang berkaitan dengan pejabat, dan mengekalkan gaya hidup yang mewah. Di Beograd ia tinggal di kediaman rasmi, Beli dvor, dan mengekalkan rumah persendirian yang berasingan. Pulau Brijuni adalah tempat Kediaman Musim Panas Negeri dari tahun 1949. Paviliun ini direka oleh Jo\u017ee Ple\u010dnik, dan termasuk zoo. Hampir 100 ketua negara asing melawat Tito di kediaman pulau, bersama bintang filem seperti Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, Sophia Loren, Carlo Ponti, dan Gina Lollobrigida. <> Apakah nama kediaman rasmi di Belgrade? || Beli dvor <> Apa pulau-pulau yang menjadi tempat Kediaman Musim Panas Negeri dari tahun 1949? || Brijuni <> Siapa yang merancang paviliun di Kediaman Musim Panas Negeri? || Jo\u017ee Ple\u010dnik <> Di bandar apakah kediaman rasmi untuk Tito? || Belgrade <> Bintang filem termasuk Elizabeth Taylor melawat kediaman pulau Tito? || Kediaman Musim Panas Negeri", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the official residence in Belgrade?", "id": "56f83323a6d7ea1400e17487", "answers": [{"text": "Beli dvor", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What islands were the site of the State Summer Residence from 1949 on?", "id": "56f83323a6d7ea1400e17488", "answers": [{"text": "Brijuni", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who designed the pavilion at the State Summer Residence?", "id": "56f83323a6d7ea1400e17489", "answers": [{"text": "Jo\u017ee Ple\u010dnik", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city was the official residence for Tito?", "id": "56f83323a6d7ea1400e1748a", "answers": [{"text": "Belgrade", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Film stars including Elizabeth Taylor visited what island residence of Tito?", "id": "56f83323a6d7ea1400e1748b", "answers": [{"text": "State Summer Residence", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As the President, Tito had access to extensive (state-owned) property associated with the office, and maintained a lavish lifestyle. In Belgrade he resided in the official residence, the Beli dvor, and maintained a separate private home. The Brijuni islands were the site of the State Summer Residence from 1949 on. The pavilion was designed by Jo\u017ee Ple\u010dnik, and included a zoo. Close to 100 foreign heads of state were to visit Tito at the island residence, along with film stars such as Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, Sophia Loren, Carlo Ponti, and Gina Lollobrigida."}], ["Pada masa mudanya Tito menghadiri sekolah Ahad Katolik, dan kemudian menjadi budak lelaki altar. Selepas kejadian di mana dia ditampar dan dihirup oleh seorang imam apabila dia mengalami kesukaran untuk membantu imam menghilangkan pakaiannya, Tito tidak akan memasuki gereja lagi. Sebagai orang dewasa, dia sering mengisytiharkan bahawa dia seorang atheis. <> Apa Tito mengisytiharkan dirinya sebagai orang dewasa sebagai orang dewasa? || atheist <> Apa jenis pendidikan agama yang dilakukan Tito ketika masih kecil? || Katolik <> Apa yang dilakukan seorang imam kepada Tito sebagai seorang anak ketika dia mengalami kesulitan menghilangkan pakaian imam? || menampar dan berteriak di <> Selepas diterkam oleh seorang imam ketika masih kecil, tempat ibadat apa yang akan ditolak oleh Tito? || gereja", {"qas": [{"question": "What did Tito declare himself to be religiously as an adult?", "id": "56f837f9aef2371900625f23", "answers": [{"text": "atheist", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of religious educaton did Tito attend as a child?", "id": "56f837f9aef2371900625f24", "answers": [{"text": "Catholic", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did a priest do to Tito as a child when he had difficulty removing the priest's vestments?", "id": "56f837f9aef2371900625f25", "answers": [{"text": "slapped and shouted at", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After being yelled at by a priest as a child, what place of worship would Tito refuse to enter again?", "id": "56f837f9aef2371900625f26", "answers": [{"text": "church", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In his youth Tito attended Catholic Sunday school, and was later an altar boy. After an incident where he was slapped and shouted at by a priest when he had difficulty assisting the priest to remove his vestments, Tito would not enter a church again. As an adult, he frequently declared that he was an atheist."}], ["Tito menjalankan banyak urusan dan telah berkahwin beberapa kali. Pada tahun 1918, dia dibawa ke Omsk, Rusia, sebagai tawanan perang. Di sana dia bertemu dengan Pelagija Belousova yang berusia tiga belas tahun; dia berkahwin dengannya setahun kemudian, dan dia berpindah ke Yugoslavia. Pelagija melahirkan lima anak tetapi hanya anak mereka \u017darko Leon (lahir 4 Februari, 1924) terselamat. Apabila Tito dipenjarakan pada tahun 1928, dia kembali ke Rusia. Selepas perceraian pada tahun 1936, dia kemudian berkahwin semula. <> Di mana di Rusia Tito dibawa sebagai tawanan perang pada tahun 1918? || Omsk <> Bilakah Tito dibawa ke Rusia sebagai tawanan perang? || 1918 <> Berapa umur Pelagija Belousava ketika Tito bertemu dengannya? || tiga belas <> Berapa banyak anak yang melakukan Pelagija untuk Tito? || lima <> Siapakah anak tunggal Tito yang masih hidup? || \u017darko Leon", {"qas": [{"question": "Where in Russia was Tito brought as a prisoner of war in 1918?", "id": "56f8275aaef2371900625e45", "answers": [{"text": "Omsk", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Tito brought to Russia as a prisoner of war?", "id": "56f8275aaef2371900625e46", "answers": [{"text": "1918", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old was Pelagija Belousava when Tito met her?", "id": "56f8275aaef2371900625e47", "answers": [{"text": "thirteen", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many children did Pelagija bore for Tito?", "id": "56f8275aaef2371900625e48", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the only surviving child of Tito's?", "id": "56f8275aaef2371900625e49", "answers": [{"text": "\u017darko Leon", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Tito carried on numerous affairs and was married several times. In 1918 he was brought to Omsk, Russia, as a prisoner of war. There he met Pelagija Belousova who was then thirteen; he married her a year later, and she moved with him to Yugoslavia. Pelagija bore him five children but only their son \u017darko Leon (born 4 February, 1924) survived. When Tito was jailed in 1928, she returned to Russia. After the divorce in 1936 she later remarried."}], ["Satu lagi kediaman telah dikekalkan di Lake Bled, sementara alasan di Kara\u0111or\u0111evo adalah tapak \"memburu diplomatik\". Menjelang tahun 1974, Presiden Yugoslavia mempunyai 32 kediaman rasmi, lebih besar dan kecil, kapal layar Galeb (\"camar\"), Boeing 727 sebagai pesawat presiden, dan Kereta Api Biru. Selepas kematian Tito, Boeing 727 presiden telah dijual kepada Aviogenex, Galeb terus berlabuh di Montenegro, manakala Kereta Api Blue disimpan di kereta api Serbia yang telah diturunkan selama lebih dari dua dekad. Walaupun Tito adalah orang yang memegang jawatan presiden untuk tempoh yang paling lama, harta benda yang bersangkutan tidak bersifat peribadi dan kebanyakannya terus digunakan oleh negara pengganti Yugoslavia, sebagai harta awam, pegawai peringkat. <> Alasan di tempat lokasi tapak \"pemburuan diplomatik\"? || Kara\u0111or\u0111evo <> Apa nama kapal layar yang dipanggil oleh Yugoslav? || Galeb <> Syarikat apa yang membeli Boeing 727 presiden selepas kematian Tito? || Aviogenex <> Di mana Galeb berlabuh selepas kematian Tito? || Montenegro <> Apakah terjemahan bahasa Inggeris Galeb? || camar", {"qas": [{"question": "The grounds at what location were the site of \"diplomatic hunts\"?", "id": "56f8360ca6d7ea1400e174ab", "answers": [{"text": "Kara\u0111or\u0111evo", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the yacht the Yugoslav president had at his disposal?", "id": "56f8360ca6d7ea1400e174ac", "answers": [{"text": "Galeb", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company bought the presidential Boeing 727 after Tito's death?", "id": "56f8360ca6d7ea1400e174ad", "answers": [{"text": "Aviogenex", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Galeb docked after Tito's death?", "id": "56f8360ca6d7ea1400e174ae", "answers": [{"text": "Montenegro", "answer_start": 401}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the English translation of Galeb?", "id": "56f8360ca6d7ea1400e174af", "answers": [{"text": "seagull", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Another residence was maintained at Lake Bled, while the grounds at Kara\u0111or\u0111evo were the site of \"diplomatic hunts\". By 1974 the Yugoslav President had at his disposal 32 official residences, larger and small, the yacht Galeb (\"seagull\"), a Boeing 727 as the presidential airplane, and the Blue Train. After Tito's death the presidential Boeing 727 was sold to Aviogenex, the Galeb remained docked in Montenegro, while the Blue Train was stored in a Serbian train shed for over two decades. While Tito was the person who held the office of president for by far the longest period, the associated property was not private and much of it continues to be in use by Yugoslav successor states, as public property, or maintained at the disposal of high-ranking officials."}], ["Hubungannya yang seterusnya adalah dengan Herta Haas, yang dia menikah pada tahun 1940. Broz pergi ke Belgrade selepas Perang April, meninggalkan Haas hamil. Pada bulan Mei 1941, dia melahirkan anak lelaki mereka, Aleksandar \"Mi\u0161o\" Broz. Seluruh hubungannya dengan Haas, Tito telah mengekalkan kehidupan yang bersifat menipu dan mempunyai hubungan selari dengan Davorjanka Paunovi\u0107, yang, di bawah nama kod \"Zdenka\", berkhidmat sebagai kurir dalam perlawanan dan kemudiannya menjadi setiausaha peribadinya. Haas dan Tito tiba-tiba berpisah syarikat pada tahun 1943 di Jajce semasa pertemuan kedua AVNOJ selepas dia dilaporkan berjalan di atasnya dan Davorjanka. Kali terakhir Haas melihat Broz pada tahun 1946. Davorjanka meninggal dunia akibat tuberkulosis pada tahun 1946 dan Tito menegaskan bahawa dia akan dikebumikan di halaman belakang Beli Dvor, kediaman Belgrade. <> Siapa yang Tito berkahwin pada tahun 1940? || Herta Haas <> Bilakah Haas melahirkan anak lelaki Tito? || 1941 <> Apa nama anak lelaki Tito yang dilahirkan baginya dan Haas? || Aleksandar \"Mi\u0161o\" Broz <> Dengan siapa Tito mempunyai kehidupan selari semasa perkahwinannya dengan Haas? || Davorjanka Paunovi\u0107 <> Bilakah Davorjanka mati akibat Tuberkulosis? || 1946", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Tito marry in 1940?", "id": "56f82a24aef2371900625e75", "answers": [{"text": "Herta Haas", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Haas give birth to Tito's son?", "id": "56f82a24aef2371900625e76", "answers": [{"text": "1941", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Tito's son born to him and Haas?", "id": "56f82a24aef2371900625e77", "answers": [{"text": "Aleksandar \"Mi\u0161o\" Broz", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With whom did Tito have a parallel life during his marriage to Haas?", "id": "56f82a24aef2371900625e78", "answers": [{"text": "Davorjanka Paunovi\u0107", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Davorjanka die of Tuberculosis?", "id": "56f82a24aef2371900625e79", "answers": [{"text": "1946", "answer_start": 640}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "His next relationship was with Herta Haas, whom he married in 1940. Broz left for Belgrade after the April War, leaving Haas pregnant. In May 1941, she gave birth to their son, Aleksandar \"Mi\u0161o\" Broz. All throughout his relationship with Haas, Tito had maintained a promiscuous life and had a parallel relationship with Davorjanka Paunovi\u0107, who, under the codename \"Zdenka\", served as a courier in the resistance and subsequently became his personal secretary. Haas and Tito suddenly parted company in 1943 in Jajce during the second meeting of AVNOJ after she reportedly walked in on him and Davorjanka. The last time Haas saw Broz was in 1946. Davorjanka died of tuberculosis in 1946 and Tito insisted that she be buried in the backyard of the Beli Dvor, his Belgrade residence."}], ["Isteri yang paling terkenal ialah Jovanka Broz. Tito hanya malu pada ulang tahun ke-59nya, ketika dia berusia 27 tahun, ketika mereka akhirnya menikah pada April 1952, dengan ketua keamanan negara Aleksandar Rankovi\u0107 sebagai lelaki terbaik. Perkahwinan mereka akhirnya berlaku agak tidak disangka-sangka sejak Tito sebenarnya menolaknya beberapa tahun lalu ketika kepercayaan Ivan Krajacic membawanya pada asalnya. Pada masa itu, dia berusia 20-an dan Tito, menentang keperibadiannya yang bertenaga, memilih penyanyi opera yang lebih matang Zinka Kunc. Tidak seorang pun mudah diganggu, Jovanka terus bekerja di Beli Dvor, di mana dia menguruskan kakitangan dan akhirnya mendapat peluang lagi selepas hubungan aneh Tito dengan Zinka gagal. Sejak Jovanka adalah satu-satunya sahabat wanita yang dia berkahwin semasa berkuasa, dia juga turun dalam sejarah sebagai wanita pertama Yugoslavia. Walau bagaimanapun, hubungan mereka tidak senang. Ia telah melalui banyak orang, sering orang awam, naik turun dengan episod perselisihan dan juga tuduhan penyediaan untuk rampasan kuasa oleh pasangan terakhir. Beberapa laporan tidak rasmi mencadangkan Tito dan Jovanka secara rasmi bercerai pada akhir 1970-an, sejurus sebelum kematiannya. Walau bagaimanapun, semasa pengebumian Tito, dia secara rasmi hadir sebagai isterinya, dan kemudian mengaku hak warisan. Pasangan ini tidak mempunyai anak. <> Siapa isteri Tito yang paling terkenal? || Jovanka Broz <> Berapa umur Jovanka Broz ketika dia menikah dengan Tito? || 27 <> Dalam tahun apakah Tito dan Jovanka berkahwin? || 1952 <> Siapa lelaki terbaik di perkahwinan Jovanka dan Tito? || Aleksandar Rankovi\u0107 <> Siapa yang turun dalam sejarah sebagai wanita pertama Yugoslavia? || Jovanka", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was Tito's best known wife?", "id": "56f82ae4a6d7ea1400e1744d", "answers": [{"text": "Jovanka Broz", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old was Jovanka Broz when she married Tito?", "id": "56f82ae4a6d7ea1400e1744e", "answers": [{"text": "27", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Tito and Jovanka marry?", "id": "56f82ae4a6d7ea1400e1744f", "answers": [{"text": "1952", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the best man at the wedding of Jovanka and Tito?", "id": "56f82ae4a6d7ea1400e17450", "answers": [{"text": "Aleksandar Rankovi\u0107", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who went down in history as Yugoslavia's first lady?", "id": "56f82ae4a6d7ea1400e17451", "answers": [{"text": "Jovanka", "answer_start": 713}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "His best known wife was Jovanka Broz. Tito was just shy of his 59th birthday, while she was 27, when they finally married in April 1952, with state security chief Aleksandar Rankovi\u0107 as the best man. Their eventual marriage came about somewhat unexpectedly since Tito actually rejected her some years earlier when his confidante Ivan Krajacic brought her in originally. At that time, she was in her early 20s and Tito, objecting to her energetic personality, opted for the more mature opera singer Zinka Kunc instead. Not one to be discouraged easily, Jovanka continued working at Beli Dvor, where she managed the staff and eventually got another chance after Tito's strange relationship with Zinka failed. Since Jovanka was the only female companion he married while in power, she also went down in history as Yugoslavia's first lady. Their relationship was not a happy one, however. It had gone through many, often public, ups and downs with episodes of infidelities and even allegations of preparation for a coup d'\u00e9tat by the latter pair. Certain unofficial reports suggest Tito and Jovanka even formally divorced in the late 1970s, shortly before his death. However, during Tito's funeral she was officially present as his wife, and later claimed rights for inheritance. The couple did not have any children."}], ["Apabila Parti Komunis diharamkan di Yugoslavia bermula pada 30 Disember 1920, Josip Broz mengambil banyak nama yang diandaikan semasa kegiatannya dalam Parti, termasuk \"Rudi\", \"Walter\", dan \"Tito.\" Broz sendiri menjelaskan: <> Bermula pada tahun apakah Parti Komunis diharamkan di Yugoslavia? || 1920 <> Parti apa yang dilarang di Yugoslavia pada tahun 1920? || Komunis <> \"Rudi\", \"Walter\" dan \"Tito\" adalah nama yang dianggap sebagai orang apa? || Josip Broz <> Pada apa tarikh pada tahun 1920 adalah parti Komunis yang diharamkan di Yugoslavia? || 30 Disember <> Apa nama mantan Tito? || Josip Broz", {"qas": [{"question": "Starting in what year was the Communist Party outlawed in Yugoslavia?", "id": "56f83bdda6d7ea1400e174f1", "answers": [{"text": "1920", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What party was outlawed in Yugoslavia in 1920?", "id": "56f83bdda6d7ea1400e174f2", "answers": [{"text": "Communist", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "\"Rudi\", \"Walter\" and \"Tito\" are names that what person assumed?", "id": "56f83bdda6d7ea1400e174f3", "answers": [{"text": "Josip Broz", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date in 1920 was the Communist party outlawed in Yugoslavia?", "id": "56f83bdda6d7ea1400e174f4", "answers": [{"text": "30 December", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Tito's former name?", "id": "56f83bdda6d7ea1400e174f5", "answers": [{"text": "Josip Broz", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As the Communist Party was outlawed in Yugoslavia starting on 30 December 1920, Josip Broz took on many assumed names during his activity within the Party, including \"Rudi\", \"Walter\", and \"Tito.\" Broz himself explains:"}], ["Walau bagaimanapun, hiasan jarang dipaparkan. Selepas perpisahan Tito-Stalin tahun 1948 dan perasmiannya sebagai presiden pada tahun 1953, Tito jarang memakai seragamnya kecuali ketika hadir dalam fungsi tentera, dan kemudian (dengan pengecualian yang jarang berlaku) hanya memakai reben Yugoslavnya untuk alasan praktikal yang jelas. Anugerah itu dipamerkan dalam jumlah penuh hanya pada pengebumian pada tahun 1980. Reputasi Tito sebagai salah seorang pemimpin Sekutu Perang Dunia II, bersama-sama dengan kedudukan diplomatiknya sebagai pengasas Pergerakan Negara-Negara Berkecuali, adalah terutamanya penyebab antarabangsa yang menguntungkan pengiktirafan. <> Dalam tahun berapakah pecahan Tito-Stalin berlaku? || 1948 <> Pada tahun apakah Tito diresmikan sebagai presiden? || 1953 <> Pada tahun apakah pengebumian Tito? || 1980 <> Siapa pengasas Pergerakan Tidak Berjajaran? || Tito <> Yang telah dirasmikan sebagai Presiden Yugoslavia pada tahun 1953? || Tito", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the Tito-Stalin split occur?", "id": "56f83ffaaef2371900625f49", "answers": [{"text": "1948", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Tito inaugurated as president?", "id": "56f83ffaaef2371900625f4a", "answers": [{"text": "1953", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Tito's funeral?", "id": "56f83ffaaef2371900625f4b", "answers": [{"text": "1980", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the founder of the Non-Aligned Movement?", "id": "56f83ffaaef2371900625f4c", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was inauguarated as President of Yugoslavia in 1953?", "id": "56f83ffaaef2371900625f4d", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The decorations were seldom displayed, however. After the Tito\u2013Stalin split of 1948 and his inauguration as president in 1953, Tito rarely wore his uniform except when present in a military function, and then (with rare exception) only wore his Yugoslav ribbons for obvious practical reasons. The awards were displayed in full number only at his funeral in 1980. Tito's reputation as one of the Allied leaders of World War II, along with his diplomatic position as the founder of the Non-Aligned Movement, was primarily the cause of the favorable international recognition."}], ["Josip Broz Tito menerima sejumlah 119 anugerah dan hiasan daripada 60 negara di seluruh dunia (59 negara dan Yugoslavia). 21 hiasan berasal dari Yugoslavia sendiri, 18 telah dianugerahkan sekali, dan Perintah Wira Negara pada tiga kesempatan. Dari 98 anugerah dan hiasan antarabangsa, 92 diterima sekali, dan tiga dua kali (Order of the White Lion, Polonia Restituta, dan Karl Marx). Anugerah yang paling terkenal termasuk Legion of Honor dan Perintah Merit Kebangsaan, Perintah British Bath, Perintah Soviet Lenin, Perintah Jepun Chrysanthemum, Cross Merit Persekutuan Jerman, dan Order of Merit of Italy . <> Berapa banyak anugerah dan hiasan yang dilakukan oleh Josip Broz Tito? || 119 <> Dari semua anugerah Tito yang diterima, berapa orang dari Yugoslavia itu sendiri? || 21 <> Kerajaan mana yang menghadiahkan Legion of Honor dan Order of Merit Kebangsaan? || Perancis <> Kerajaan mana yang menghadiahkan Perintah Bath? || British <> Kerajaan mana yang menghadiahkan Order of the Chrysanthemum? || Jepun", {"qas": [{"question": "How many awards and decorations did Josip Broz Tito recieve?", "id": "56f83f70a6d7ea1400e17505", "answers": [{"text": "119", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of all of the awards Tito received, how many were from Yugoslavia itself?", "id": "56f83f70a6d7ea1400e17506", "answers": [{"text": "21", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which government awards the Legion of Honour and the National Order of Merit?", "id": "56f83f70a6d7ea1400e17507", "answers": [{"text": "French", "answer_start": 453}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which government awards the Order of the Bath?", "id": "56f83f70a6d7ea1400e17508", "answers": [{"text": "British", "answer_start": 510}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which government awards the Order of the Chrysanthemum?", "id": "56f83f70a6d7ea1400e17509", "answers": [{"text": "Japanese", "answer_start": 568}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Josip Broz Tito received a total of 119 awards and decorations from 60 countries around the world (59 countries and Yugoslavia). 21 decorations were from Yugoslavia itself, 18 having been awarded once, and the Order of the National Hero on three occasions. Of the 98 international awards and decorations, 92 were received once, and three on two occasions (Order of the White Lion, Polonia Restituta, and Karl Marx). The most notable awards included the French Legion of Honour and National Order of Merit, the British Order of the Bath, the Soviet Order of Lenin, the Japanese Order of the Chrysanthemum, the German Federal Cross of Merit, and the Order of Merit of Italy."}], ["Dalam tahun-tahun selepas kematian Tito hingga sekarang, beberapa orang telah mempertikaikan identitinya. Doktor peribadi Tito, Aleksandar Matunovi\u0107, menulis sebuah buku mengenai Tito di mana dia turut mempersoalkan asal usulnya, dengan menyatakan bahawa tabiat dan gaya hidup Tito hanya boleh bermakna dia berasal dari keluarga bangsawan. Wartawan Serbia Vladan Dini\u0107 (lahir 1949), di Tito nije tito, termasuk beberapa kemungkinan identiti alternatif Tito. <> Apa nama doktor peribadi Tito? || Aleksandar Matunovi\u0107 <> Siapa yang menulis buku tentang Tito mempersoalkan asal usulnya? || Aleksandar Matunovi\u0107 <> Apa wartawan Serbia termasuk beberapa identiti alternatif Tito? || Vladan Dini\u0107 <> Dalam apa tahun yang dilahirkan Vladan Dinic dilahirkan? || 1949 <> Dinic memberikan beberapa identiti alternatif bagi orang apa? || Tito", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of Tito's personal doctor?", "id": "56f839d9a6d7ea1400e174cf", "answers": [{"text": "Aleksandar Matunovi\u0107", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote a book about Tito questioning his true origin?", "id": "56f839d9a6d7ea1400e174d0", "answers": [{"text": "Aleksandar Matunovi\u0107", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Serbian journalist includes several alternate identities of Tito?", "id": "56f839d9a6d7ea1400e174d1", "answers": [{"text": "Vladan Dini\u0107", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year waas Vladan Dinic born?", "id": "56f839d9a6d7ea1400e174d2", "answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Dinic gives several alternate identities of what person?", "id": "56f839d9a6d7ea1400e174d3", "answers": [{"text": "Tito", "answer_start": 414}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the years after Tito's death up to nowadays, some people have disputed his identity. Tito's personal doctor, Aleksandar Matunovi\u0107, wrote a book about Tito in which he also questioned his true origin, noting that Tito's habits and lifestyle could only mean that he was from an aristocratic family. Serbian journalist Vladan Dini\u0107 (born 1949), in Tito nije tito, includes several possible alternate identities of Tito."}], ["Bagaimanapun, laporan NSA itu benar-benar tidak dipersoalkan oleh pakar Croatia. Laporan itu gagal menyedari bahawa Tito adalah penceramah asli dari dialek Kajkavian tempatan yang sangat khas Zagorje. Aksen akut, yang hanya terdapat dalam dialek Bahasa Croatia, yang Tito melafazkan dengan sempurna, adalah bukti terkuat mengenai Tito milik dialek Kajkavian. <> Pakar dari negara mana yang membantah laporan NSA? || Bahasa Croatia <> Apakah dialek tempatan yang berbeza Tito bercakap? || Zagorje <> pakar Croatia membantah laporan dari kumpulan mana mengenai etnik Tito? || NSA <> Aksen akut Tito hanya hadir dalam apa jenis dialek? || Croatia", {"qas": [{"question": "Experts from what country disproved the NSA's report?", "id": "56f83b11a6d7ea1400e174e1", "answers": [{"text": "Croatian", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the distinct local dialect Tito spoke?", "id": "56f83b11a6d7ea1400e174e2", "answers": [{"text": "Zagorje", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Croatian experts disproved the report from which group concerning Tito's ethnic origins?", "id": "56f83b11a6d7ea1400e174e3", "answers": [{"text": "NSA", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tito's acute accent is present only in what type of dialects?", "id": "56f83b11a6d7ea1400e174e4", "answers": [{"text": "Croatian", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "However, the NSA's report was completely disproved by Croatian experts. The report failed to recognize that Tito was a native speaker of the very distinctive local Kajkavian dialect of Zagorje. The acute accent, present only in Croatian dialects, which Tito is perfectly pronouncing, is the strongest proof of Tito's belonging to Kajkavian dialect."}], ["Pada tahun 2013 banyak liputan media diberikan kepada kajian NSA yang tidak dikelaskan dalam Spektrum Cryptologic yang membuat kesimpulan bahawa Tito tidak bercakap bahasa sebagai bahasa asli, dan mempunyai ciri-ciri bahasa Slavik lain (Rusia dan Poland). Hipotesis bahawa \"bukan Yugoslav, mungkin Rusia atau Kutub\" menganggap identiti Tito dimasukkan. Laporan itu juga mencatatkan kesan Dra\u017ea Mihailovi\u0107 mengenai asal-usul Rusia Tito. <> Dalam tahun apakah kajian dalam Cryptologic Spectrum keluar? || 2013 <> Organisasi apa yang membuat Cryptologic Spectrum? || NSA <> Apa lagi bahasa Slavic yang Spectrum Cryptologic menyimpulkan Tito bercakap? || Rusia dan Poland <> The Cryptologic Spectrum juga nota yang menunjukkan kesan asli Tito dari Rusia? || Dra\u017ea Mihailovi\u0107's", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the study in Cryptologic Spectrum come out?", "id": "56f83a84a6d7ea1400e174d9", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization created the Cryptologic Spectrum?", "id": "56f83a84a6d7ea1400e174da", "answers": [{"text": "NSA", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other Slavic languages did the Cryptologic Spectrum conclude Tito spoke?", "id": "56f83a84a6d7ea1400e174db", "answers": [{"text": "Russian and Polish", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Cryptologic Spectrum also notes whose impressions of Tito's Russian origins?", "id": "56f83a84a6d7ea1400e174dc", "answers": [{"text": "Dra\u017ea Mihailovi\u0107's", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2013 a lot of media coverage was given to unclassified NSA's study in Cryptologic Spectrum that concluded that Tito did not speak the language as a native, and had features of other Slavic languages (Russian and Polish). The hypothesis that \"a non-Yugoslav, perhaps a Russian or a Pole\" assumed Tito's identity was included. The report also notes Dra\u017ea Mihailovi\u0107's impressions of Tito's Russian origins."}], ["Beberapa anugerah dan hiasan asing lain Josip Broz Tito termasuk Perintah Merit, Perintah Manuel Amador Guerrero, Perintah Putera Henry, Perintah Kemerdekaan, Perintah Merit, Perintah Nil, Perintah Condor Andes, Perintah dari Bintang Romania, Perintah Singa Emas Rumah Nassau, Croix de Guerre, Perintah Salib Grunwald, Cekak Perang Czechoslovak, Dekorasi Penghormatan untuk Perkhidmatan ke Republik Austria, Perintah Tentera Singa Putih, Nishan-e-Pakistan, Perintah Al Rafidain, Perintah Carol I, Perintah Georgi Dimitrov, Perintah Karl Marx, Perintah Manuel Amador Guerrero, Perintah Michael yang Berani, Perintah Pahlavi, Perintah Sukhbaatar, Perintah Suvorov, Perintah Pembebasan, Perintah Revolusi Oktober, Perintah Queen of Sheba, Perintah Putih Rose Finland, Salib Partisan, Perintah Diraja Kemboja dan Bintang Persahabatan Rakyat dan Thiri Thudhamma Thingaha. [Rujukan?] <> Tito telah dianugerahkan Bintang negara apa? || Romania <> Tito dianugerahkan Hiasan Penghormatan untuk Perkhidmatan ke Republik negara apa? || Austria <> Tito dianugerahkan Ratu di mana? || Sheba <> Tito dianugerahi dengan Order of the White Rose dari negara apa? || Finland <> Tito dianugerahkan dengan Perintah Diraja dari negara mana? || Kemboja", {"qas": [{"question": "Tito was awarded the Star of what country?", "id": "56f840dea6d7ea1400e1750f", "answers": [{"text": "Romania", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tito was awarded the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of what country?", "id": "56f840dea6d7ea1400e17510", "answers": [{"text": "Austria", "answer_start": 443}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tito was awarded the Queen of where?", "id": "56f840dea6d7ea1400e17511", "answers": [{"text": "Sheba", "answer_start": 788}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tito was awarded with the Order of the White Rose of what country?", "id": "56f840dea6d7ea1400e17512", "answers": [{"text": "Finland", "answer_start": 822}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tito was awarded with the Royal Order of what country?", "id": "56f840dea6d7ea1400e17513", "answers": [{"text": "Cambodia", "answer_start": 862}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some of the other foreign awards and decorations of Josip Broz Tito include Order of Merit, Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero, Order of Prince Henry, Order of Independence, Order of Merit, Order of the Nile, Order of the Condor of the Andes, Order of the Star of Romania, Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau, Croix de Guerre, Order of the Cross of Grunwald, Czechoslovak War Cross, Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria, Military Order of the White Lion, Nishan-e-Pakistan, Order of Al Rafidain, Order of Carol I, Order of Georgi Dimitrov, Order of Karl Marx, Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero, Order of Michael the Brave, Order of Pahlavi, Order of Sukhbaatar, Order of Suvorov, Order of the Liberator, Order of the October Revolution, Order of the Queen of Sheba, Order of the White Rose of Finland, Partisan Cross, Royal Order of Cambodia and Star of People's Friendship and Thiri Thudhamma Thingaha.[citation needed]"}]], [["Micronesians diselesaikan Kepulauan Marshall pada milenium ke-2 SM, tetapi tidak ada rekod sejarah atau lisan pada tempoh itu. Lama kelamaan, orang Marshall Island belajar menavigasi jarak jauh jauh dengan kanu menggunakan carta tong tradisional. <> Siapa yang tiba di Kepulauan Marshall pada milenium kedua SM? || Micronesians <> Apa yang tidak wujud pada masa di mana orang Micronesian tiba di Kepulauan Marshall? || rekod sejarah atau lisan <> Apa kapal yang digunakan oleh peneroka awal Kepulauan Marshall untuk melakukan perjalanan? || kano <> Apakah nama item yang digunakan sebagai jenis peta primitif untuk navigasi oleh peneroka awal Kepulauan Marshall? || carta tong tradisional <> Siapa yang pertama menetap di Kepulauan Marshall? || Orang Micronesia <> Ketika Kepulauan Marshal pertama diselesaikan? || Milenium ke-2 SM <> Dalam apa kenderaan yang dibawa oleh Marshall Islanders melalui air? || kano <> Apa bantuan navigasi yang digunakan oleh Marshall Islanders? || carta kayu", {"qas": [{"question": "Who arrived at the Marshall Islands in the second millennium BC?", "id": "56f78bb1a6d7ea1400e1724c", "answers": [{"text": "Micronesians", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did not exist at the time during which Micronesians arrived at the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f78bb1a6d7ea1400e1724d", "answers": [{"text": "historical or oral records", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What vessel did early settlers of the Marshall Islands use to travel?", "id": "56f78bb1a6d7ea1400e1724e", "answers": [{"text": "canoe", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the item used as a primitive type of map for navigation by early settlers of the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f78bb1a6d7ea1400e1724f", "answers": [{"text": "traditional stick charts", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who first settled the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f954419b226e1400dd1330", "answers": [{"text": "Micronesians", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the Marshal Islands first settled?", "id": "56f954419b226e1400dd1331", "answers": [{"text": "2nd millennium BC", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what vehicles did the Marshall Islanders travel by water?", "id": "56f954419b226e1400dd1332", "answers": [{"text": "canoe", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What navigation aids did the Marshall Islanders use?", "id": "56f954419b226e1400dd1333", "answers": [{"text": "stick charts", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Micronesians settled the Marshall Islands in the 2nd millennium BC, but there are no historical or oral records of that period. Over time, the Marshall Island people learned to navigate over long ocean distances by canoe using traditional stick charts."}], ["Penjelajah Sepanyol, Alonso de Salazar adalah orang Eropah pertama yang melihat pulau-pulau itu pada tahun 1526, yang memerintah kapal Santa Maria de la Victoria, satu-satunya kapal yang masih hidup dalam Ekspedisi Loa\u00edsa. Pada 21 Ogos, dia melihat sebuah pulau (mungkin Taongi) pada 14 \u00b0 N yang bernama \"San Bartolome\". <> Yang Eropah pertama melihat Kepulauan Marshall? || Alonso de Salazar <> Apa kewarganegaraan Alonso de Salazar? || Bahasa Sepanyol <> Dalam tahun apakah Salazar melihat Kepulauan Marshall? || 1526 <> Apa nama kapal Alonso de Salazar? || Santa Maria de la Victoria <> Apa yang dikatakan Alonso de Salazar ke pulau itu? || San Bartolome <> Siapa yang pertama dari Eropah untuk memerhatikan Kepulauan Marshall? || Alonso de Salazar <> Apa kewarganegaraan Eropah pertama yang memerhatikan Kepulauan Marshall? || Bahasa Sepanyol <> Dalam tahun apakah pandangan Eropah pertama di Kepulauan Marshall? || 1526 <> Apa nama kapal Alonso de Salazar? || Santa Maria de la Victoria <> Yang mana di Kepulauan Marshall yang Salazar paling mungkin melihat? || Taongi", {"qas": [{"question": "Which European first saw the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f78c18a6d7ea1400e17254", "answers": [{"text": "Alonso de Salazar", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Alonso de Salazar's nationality?", "id": "56f78c18a6d7ea1400e17255", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Salazar view the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f78c18a6d7ea1400e17256", "answers": [{"text": "1526", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Alonso de Salazar's ship?", "id": "56f78c18a6d7ea1400e17257", "answers": [{"text": "Santa Maria de la Victoria", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Alonso de Salazar call the island that he saw?", "id": "56f78c18a6d7ea1400e17258", "answers": [{"text": "San Bartolome", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first person from Europe to observe the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f954c09b226e1400dd1338", "answers": [{"text": "Alonso de Salazar", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the nationality of the first European to observe the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f954c09b226e1400dd1339", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the first European view the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f954c09b226e1400dd133a", "answers": [{"text": "1526", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Alonso de Salazar's ship?", "id": "56f954c09b226e1400dd133b", "answers": [{"text": "Santa Maria de la Victoria", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of the Marshall Islands did Salazar most likely see?", "id": "56f954c09b226e1400dd133c", "answers": [{"text": "Taongi", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar was the first European to see the islands in 1526, commanding the ship Santa Maria de la Victoria, the only surviving vessel of the Loa\u00edsa Expedition. On August 21, he sighted an island (probably Taongi) at 14\u00b0N that he named \"San Bartolome\"."}], ["Pada 21 September 1529, \u00c1lvaro de Saavedra Cer\u00f3n memerintahkan kapal Sepanyol, Florida, dalam cubaannya untuk merebut kembali Pasifik dari Kepulauan Maluku. Dia berdiri di sekeliling pulau-pulau yang penduduknya melemparkan batu di kapalnya. Pulau-pulau ini, yang dia namakan \"Los Pintados\", mungkin telah menjadi Ujelang. Pada 1 Oktober, dia mendapati satu lagi kumpulan pulau di mana dia pergi ke pantai selama lapan hari, menukar hadiah dengan penduduk tempatan dan mengambil air. Pulau-pulau ini, yang dia namakan \"Los Jardines\", mungkin telah menjadi Enewetak atau Bikini Atoll. <> Kapalnya yang bernama Florida? || \u00c1lvaro de Saavedra Cer\u00f3n <> Dari mana percayakan Ceron melintasi Lautan Pasifik? || Kepulauan Maluku <> Apa nama Ceron nama pulau-pulau dari mana orang melemparkan batu di kapalnya? || Los Pintados <> Apakah nama yang diberikan kepada kepulauan yang dicapai oleh Cer\u00f3n pada Oktober 1529? || Los Jardines <> Apakah dua nama moden yang mungkin untuk pulau-pulau yang dipanggil Los Jardines oleh Cer\u00f3n? || Enewetak atau Bikini Atoll <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab terhadap kapal bernama Florida? || \u00c1lvaro de Saavedra Cer\u00f3n <> Di mana ekspedisi Cer\u00f3n bermula? || Kepulauan Maluku <> Apa nama Ceron yang diberikan kepada pulau itu yang mungkin telah menjadi Ujelang? || Los Pintados <> Apa kumpulan pulau mungkin Bikini Atoll atau Enewetak? || Los Jardines <> Berapa lama Cer\u00f3n menghabiskan di Los Jardines? || lapan hari", {"qas": [{"question": "Whose ship was named Florida?", "id": "56f78ce7aef2371900625bbd", "answers": [{"text": "\u00c1lvaro de Saavedra Cer\u00f3n", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From where did Cer\u00f3n attempt to cross the Pacific Ocean?", "id": "56f78ce7aef2371900625bbe", "answers": [{"text": "the Maluku Islands", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Cer\u00f3n name the islands from which people threw rocks at his vessel?", "id": "56f78ce7aef2371900625bbf", "answers": [{"text": "Los Pintados", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name given to the islands reached by Cer\u00f3n in October of 1529?", "id": "56f78ce7aef2371900625bc0", "answers": [{"text": "Los Jardines", "answer_start": 489}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two possible modern names for the islands called Los Jardines by Cer\u00f3n?", "id": "56f78ce7aef2371900625bc1", "answers": [{"text": "Enewetak or Bikini Atoll", "answer_start": 518}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was in charge of the ship named Florida?", "id": "56f955b19b226e1400dd1342", "answers": [{"text": "\u00c1lvaro de Saavedra Cer\u00f3n", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Cer\u00f3n's expedition begin?", "id": "56f955b19b226e1400dd1343", "answers": [{"text": "the Maluku Islands", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What name did Cer\u00f3n give to the island that might have been Ujelang?", "id": "56f955b19b226e1400dd1344", "answers": [{"text": "Los Pintados", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group of islands might have been Bikini Atoll or Enewetak?", "id": "56f955b19b226e1400dd1345", "answers": [{"text": "Los Jardines", "answer_start": 489}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did Cer\u00f3n spend on Los Jardines?", "id": "56f955b19b226e1400dd1346", "answers": [{"text": "eight days", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On September 21, 1529, \u00c1lvaro de Saavedra Cer\u00f3n commanded the Spanish ship Florida, on his second attempt to recross the Pacific from the Maluku Islands. He stood off a group of islands from which local inhabitants hurled stones at his ship. These islands, which he named \"Los Pintados\", may have been Ujelang. On October 1, he found another group of islands where he went ashore for eight days, exchanged gifts with the local inhabitants and took on water. These islands, which he named \"Los Jardines\", may have been Enewetak or Bikini Atoll."}], ["Penjajah mikronia secara beransur-ansur menetap di Kepulauan Marshall semasa milenium ke-2 SM, dengan navigasi antara pulau yang dimungkinkan menggunakan carta tong tradisional. Pulau-pulau di Nusantara pertama kali diterokai oleh orang-orang Eropah pada tahun 1520-an, dengan penjelajah Sepanyol Alonso de Salazar yang melihat sebuah pulau pada bulan Ogos 1526. Ekspedisi lain oleh kapal-kapal Sepanyol dan Inggeris diikuti. Pulau-pulau itu menamakan namanya dari penjelajah British John Marshall, yang melawat pada tahun 1788. Pulau-pulau itu secara historis dikenali oleh penduduk sebagai \"jolet jen Anij\" (Hadiah dari Tuhan). <> Siapa peneroka asal kawasan itu yang menjadi Kepulauan Marshall? || Penjajah-penjajah Micronesian <> Bagaimana peneroka asli di kawasan itu boleh bergerak di antara pulau-pulau? || carta tong tradisional <> Pada tahun berapakah peneroka Eropah mula-mula melihat Kepulauan Marshall? || 1526 <> Yang peneroka pertama melihat Kepulauan Marshall? || Alonso de Salazar <> Bagi siapa yang bernama Kepulauan Marshall? || John Marshall <> Pada masa berapa masanya Marshall Islands diselesaikan? || Milenium ke-2 SM <> Dalam apa dekad apakah orang Eropah pertama kali melawat Kepulauan Marshall? || 1520s <> Dalam bulan dan tahun berapakah orang Eropah pertama tiba di Kepulauan Marshall? || Ogos 1526 <> Selepas siapa namanya di Kepulauan Marshall? || John Marshall", {"qas": [{"question": "Who were the original settlers of the area that became the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f788eeaef2371900625b9f", "answers": [{"text": "Micronesian colonists", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How were original settlers of the area able to move between islands?", "id": "56f788eeaef2371900625ba0", "answers": [{"text": "traditional stick charts", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did a European explorer first see the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f788eeaef2371900625ba1", "answers": [{"text": "1526", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which explorer first saw the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f788eeaef2371900625ba2", "answers": [{"text": "Alonso de Salazar", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For whom are the Marshall Islands named?", "id": "56f788eeaef2371900625ba3", "answers": [{"text": "John Marshall", "answer_start": 423}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what span were the Marshall Islands first settled?", "id": "56f9525a9b226e1400dd1308", "answers": [{"text": "2nd millennium BC", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what decade did Europeans first visit the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f9525a9b226e1400dd130a", "answers": [{"text": "1520s", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month and year did a European first arrive at the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f9525a9b226e1400dd130b", "answers": [{"text": "August 1526", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After whom are the Marshall Islands named?", "id": "56f9525a9b226e1400dd130c", "answers": [{"text": "John Marshall", "answer_start": 423}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Micronesian colonists gradually settled the Marshall Islands during the 2nd millennium BC, with inter-island navigation made possible using traditional stick charts. Islands in the archipelago were first explored by Europeans in the 1520s, with Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar sighting an atoll in August 1526. Other expeditions by Spanish and English ships followed. The islands derive their name from British explorer John Marshall, who visited in 1788. The islands were historically known by the inhabitants as \"jolet jen Anij\" (Gifts from God)."}], ["Secara politik, Kepulauan Marshall adalah republik presiden dalam persatuan bebas dengan Amerika Syarikat, dengan Amerika Syarikat yang menyediakan pertahanan, subsidi, dan akses kepada agensi berasaskan A.S. seperti FCC dan USPS. Dengan sedikit sumber asli, kekayaan pulau itu didasarkan pada ekonomi perkhidmatan, serta beberapa perikanan dan pertanian; bantuan dari Amerika Syarikat mewakili sebahagian besar daripada keluaran dalam negara kasar keluaran pulau itu. Negara menggunakan dolar Amerika Syarikat sebagai mata wangnya. <> Istilah apa yang menggambarkan jenis pemerintahan Kepulauan Marshall? || republik presiden <> Dengan negara mana yang berkaitan dengan Kepulauan Marshall? || Amerika Syarikat <> Apakah tumpuan utama ekonomi Kepulauan Marshall? || perkhidmatan <> Apa yang diterima oleh Kepulauan Marshall dari Amerika Syarikat? || bantuan <> Apakah mata wang Kepulauan Marshall? || Dolar Amerika Syarikat <> Bersama USPS, apakah agensi Amerika Syarikat beroperasi di Kepulauan Marshall? || FCC <> Apakah komponen utama ekonomi Kepulauan Marshall? || perkhidmatan <> Apakah mata wang rasmi Kepulauan Marshall? || Dolar Amerika Syarikat <> Apakah struktur kerajaan Kepulauan Marshall? || republik presiden <> Bantuan dari negara apakah yang merupakan bahagian penting dalam ekonomi Kepulauan Marshall? || Amerika Syarikat", {"qas": [{"question": "What term describes the type of government of the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f78a17aef2371900625bb3", "answers": [{"text": "presidential republic", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With which country are the Marshall Islands closely related?", "id": "56f78a17aef2371900625bb4", "answers": [{"text": "the United States", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the main focus of the Marshall Islands' economy?", "id": "56f78a17aef2371900625bb5", "answers": [{"text": "service", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the Marshall Islands receive from the United States?", "id": "56f78a17aef2371900625bb6", "answers": [{"text": "aid", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the currency of the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f78a17aef2371900625bb7", "answers": [{"text": "the United States dollar", "answer_start": 445}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the USPS, what United States agency operates in the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f9532e9b226e1400dd131c", "answers": [{"text": "the FCC", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the main component of the Marshall Islands economy?", "id": "56f9532e9b226e1400dd131d", "answers": [{"text": "service", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the official currency of the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f9532e9b226e1400dd131e", "answers": [{"text": "United States dollar", "answer_start": 449}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the government structure of the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f9532e9b226e1400dd131f", "answers": [{"text": "presidential republic", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Assistance from what country is an important part of the Marshall Islands economy?", "id": "56f9532e9b226e1400dd1320", "answers": [{"text": "the United States", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Politically, the Marshall Islands is a presidential republic in free association with the United States, with the US providing defense, subsidies, and access to U.S. based agencies such as the FCC and the USPS. With few natural resources, the islands' wealth is based on a service economy, as well as some fishing and agriculture; aid from the United States represents a large percentage of the islands' gross domestic product. The country uses the United States dollar as its currency."}], ["Kapten John Charles Marshall dan Thomas Gilbert melawat pulau-pulau itu pada tahun 1788. Pulau-pulau itu dinamakan untuk Marshall pada carta Barat, walaupun penduduk asli telah menamakan rumah mereka \"jolet jen Anij\" (Hadiah dari Tuhan). Sekitar tahun 1820, penjelajah Rusia, Adam Johann von Krusenstern dan penjelajah Perancis Louis Isidore Duperrey menamakan pulau-pulau itu selepas John Marshall, dan menarik peta pulau-pulau. Penamaan itu kemudian diulangi pada peta-peta British. [Rujukan?] Pada tahun 1824, kru Amerika Whaler Globe mutinied dan beberapa kru meletakkan ke darat di Pulau Mulgrave. Setahun kemudian, penunggang Amerika Dolphin tiba dan mengambil dua anak lelaki, yang terakhir terselamat daripada pembunuhan beramai-ramai oleh penduduk pribumi kerana rawatan kejam mereka terhadap wanita. 22 <<Siapa yang tiba di Kepulauan Marshall pada tahun 1788? || Kapten John Charles Marshall dan Thomas Gilbert <> Apa kaum pribumi Kepulauan Marshall memanggil negara mereka? || jolet jen Anij <> Yang Rusia terlibat dalam menamakan Kepulauan Marshall? || Adam Johann von Krusenstern <> Yang mana warganegara Perancis terlibat dalam menamakan Kepulauan Marshall? || Louis Isidore Duperrey <> Di mana pulau itu telah tiba di Globe pada tahun 1824? || Mulgrave <> Yang terutama menyertai John Charles Marshall ke Kepulauan Marshall? || Thomas Gilbert <> Pada tahun apakah Marshall dan Gilbert pergi ke pulau-pulau? || 1788 <> Apakah nama tradisional Kepulauan Marshall? || jolet jen Anij <> Apakah terjemahan bahasa Inggeris dari nama tradisional Kepulauan Marshall? || Hadiah dari Tuhan <> Di pulau mana yang dilakukan oleh orang paus di Amerika pada tahun 1824? || Pulau Mulgrave", {"qas": [{"question": "Who arrived at the Marshall Islands in 1788?", "id": "56f78e35aef2371900625bd1", "answers": [{"text": "Captain John Charles Marshall and Thomas Gilbert", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do natives of the Marshall Islands call their country?", "id": "56f78e35aef2371900625bd2", "answers": [{"text": "jolet jen Anij", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Russian was involved in naming the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f78e35aef2371900625bd3", "answers": [{"text": "Adam Johann von Krusenstern", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which French citizen was involved in naming the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f78e35aef2371900625bd4", "answers": [{"text": "Louis Isidore Duperrey", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what island did the Globe arrive in 1824?", "id": "56f78e35aef2371900625bd5", "answers": [{"text": "Mulgrave", "answer_start": 557}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who notably accompanied John Charles Marshall to the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f956c89b226e1400dd1360", "answers": [{"text": "Thomas Gilbert", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Marshall and Gilbert go to the islands?", "id": "56f956c89b226e1400dd1361", "answers": [{"text": "1788", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the traditional name of the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f956c89b226e1400dd1362", "answers": [{"text": "jolet jen Anij", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the English translation of the traditional name of the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f956c89b226e1400dd1363", "answers": [{"text": "Gifts from God", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what island did mutinous American whalers land in 1824?", "id": "56f956c89b226e1400dd1364", "answers": [{"text": "Mulgrave Island", "answer_start": 557}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Captain John Charles Marshall and Thomas Gilbert visited the islands in 1788. The islands were named for Marshall on Western charts, although the natives have historically named their home \"jolet jen Anij\" (Gifts from God). Around 1820, Russian explorer Adam Johann von Krusenstern and the French explorer Louis Isidore Duperrey named the islands after John Marshall, and drew maps of the islands. The designation was repeated later on British maps.[citation needed] In 1824 the crew of the American whaler Globe mutinied and some of the crew put ashore on Mulgrave Island. One year later, the American schooner Dolphin arrived and picked up two boys, the last survivors of a massacre by the natives due to their brutal treatment of the women.:2"}], ["Kapal Sepanyol San Pedro dan dua kapal lain dalam ekspedisi yang diperintahkan oleh Miguel L\u00f3pez de Legazpi menemui sebuah pulau pada 9 Januari 1530, mungkin Mejit, pada 10 \u00b0 N, yang mereka sebut sebagai \"Los Barbudos\". Orang Sepanyol pergi ke darat dan berdagang dengan penduduk tempatan. Pada 10 Januari, orang Sepanyol melihat pulau lain yang mereka namakan \"Placeres\", mungkin Ailuk; sepuluh liga, mereka melihat pulau lain yang mereka panggil \"Pajares\" (mungkin Jemo). Pada 12 Januari, mereka melihat pulau lain di 10 \u00b0 N yang mereka panggil \"Corrales\" (mungkin Wotho). Pada 15 Januari, orang Sepanyol melihat satu lagi pulau yang rendah, mungkin Ujelang, pada 10 \u00b0 N, di mana mereka menggambarkan orang-orang di \"Barbudos\". Selepas itu, kapal-kapal termasuk San Jeronimo, Los Reyes dan Todos los Santos juga melawat pulau-pulau pada tahun-tahun yang berbeza. <> Apakah nama yang diberikan kepada pulau itu yang dicapai oleh Miguel Lopez de Legazpi pada 9 Januari 1530? || Los Barbudos <> Apa yang dikatakan nama moden pulau Legazpi yang disebut Los Barbudos? || Mejit <> Pada tarikh apa ekspedisi Legazpi melihat pulau itu bernama Placeres? || 10 Januari <> Apakah nama ekspedisi itu diberikan kepada pulau itu pada 12 Januari? || Corrales <> Apa lokasi Corrales? || 10 \u00b0 N <> Siapa yang mengetuai ekspedisi yang melibatkan kapal San Pedro? || Miguel L\u00f3pez de Legazpi <> Apakah Miguel L\u00f3pez de Legazpi memanggil pulau tersebut pada 9 Januari 1530? || Los Barbudos <> Apa yang Sepanyol memanggil pulau itu yang mungkin Ailuk? || Placeres <> Pada hari apakah Sepanyol melihat pulau mereka bernama Corrales? || 12 Januari <> Apa pulau yang mungkin dilihat oleh Sepanyol pada 15 Januari? || Ujelang", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name given to the island reached by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi on January 9th of 1530?", "id": "56f78d9daef2371900625bc7", "answers": [{"text": "Los Barbudos", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is thought to be the modern name of the island Legazpi called Los Barbudos?", "id": "56f78d9daef2371900625bc8", "answers": [{"text": "Mejit", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did Legazpi's expedition see the island it named Placeres?", "id": "56f78d9daef2371900625bc9", "answers": [{"text": "January 10", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What name did the expedition give to the island it saw on January 12th?", "id": "56f78d9daef2371900625bca", "answers": [{"text": "Corrales", "answer_start": 520}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the location of Corrales?", "id": "56f78d9daef2371900625bcb", "answers": [{"text": "10\u00b0N", "answer_start": 497}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who led the expedition involving the ship San Pedro?", "id": "56f956539b226e1400dd1356", "answers": [{"text": "Miguel L\u00f3pez de Legazpi", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Miguel L\u00f3pez de Legazpi call the island discovered on January 9, 1530?", "id": "56f956539b226e1400dd1357", "answers": [{"text": "Los Barbudos", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Spanish call the island that might have been Ailuk?", "id": "56f956539b226e1400dd1358", "answers": [{"text": "Placeres", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day did the Spanish see the island they named Corrales?", "id": "56f956539b226e1400dd1359", "answers": [{"text": "January 12", "answer_start": 454}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What island may have been spotted by the Spanish on January 15?", "id": "56f956539b226e1400dd135a", "answers": [{"text": "Ujelang", "answer_start": 613}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Spanish ship San Pedro and two other vessels in an expedition commanded by Miguel L\u00f3pez de Legazpi discovered an island on January 9, 1530, possibly Mejit, at 10\u00b0N, which they named \"Los Barbudos\". The Spaniards went ashore and traded with the local inhabitants. On January 10, the Spaniards sighted another island that they named \"Placeres\", perhaps Ailuk; ten leagues away, they sighted another island that they called \"Pajares\" (perhaps Jemo). On January 12, they sighted another island at 10\u00b0N that they called \"Corrales\" (possibly Wotho). On January 15, the Spaniards sighted another low island, perhaps Ujelang, at 10\u00b0N, where they described the people on \"Barbudos\". After that, ships including the San Jeronimo, Los Reyes and Todos los Santos also visited the islands in different years."}], ["Majoriti rakyat Kepulauan Marshall adalah keturunan Marshall, walaupun terdapat sejumlah kecil imigran dari Amerika Serikat, China, Filipina dan pulau-pulau Pasifik lainnya. Kedua-dua bahasa rasmi adalah bahasa Marshall, yang merupakan ahli bahasa Malayo-Polinesia, dan bahasa Inggeris. Hampir seluruh penduduk pulau mengamalkan beberapa agama, dengan tiga perempat negara sama ada mengikuti Gereja United Christ - Kongregasi di Kepulauan Marshall (UCCCMI) atau Perhimpunan Tuhan. <> Apakah etnik kebanyakan orang yang tinggal di Kepulauan Marshall? || Bahasa Marshall <> Bahasa keluarga apakah yang dimiliki oleh orang Marshall? || Malayo-Polinesia <> Apa yang berlaku untuk UCCCMI? || United Church of Christ - Congregational di Kepulauan Marshall <> Selain daripada UCCCMI, apakah denominasi agama utama yang lain di Kepulauan Marshall? || Dewan-Perhimpunan Tuhan <> Dari negara bukan Asia yang mana beberapa orang yang tinggal di Kepulauan Marshall datang? || Amerika Syarikat <> Daripada keturunan apa yang paling rakyat Kepulauan Marshall? || Marshallese <> Bersama dengan orang Marshall, apakah bahasa rasmi Kepulauan Marshall? || Bahasa Inggeris <> Bahasa kumpulan apa bahasa Marshall? || Malayo-Polinesia <> Sebilangan kecil penduduk Kepulauan Marshall beragama? || tiga perempat <> Bersama dengan United Church of Christ dan UCCCMI, apakah agama utama Kepulauan Marshall? || Majlis Perhimpunan Tuhan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the ethnicity of most people living in the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f78ae6a6d7ea1400e17242", "answers": [{"text": "Marshallese", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What family of languages does Marshallese belong to?", "id": "56f78ae6a6d7ea1400e17243", "answers": [{"text": "Malayo-Polynesian", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does UCCCMI stand for?", "id": "56f78ae6a6d7ea1400e17244", "answers": [{"text": "United Church of Christ \u2013 Congregational in the Marshall Islands", "answer_start": 432}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from UCCCMI, what is the other major religious denomination of the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f78ae6a6d7ea1400e17245", "answers": [{"text": "the Assemblies of God", "answer_start": 509}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what non-Asian nation do some people living in the Marshall Islands come?", "id": "56f78ae6a6d7ea1400e17246", "answers": [{"text": "the United States", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of what ancestry are most Marshall Islands citizens?", "id": "56f953f49b226e1400dd1326", "answers": [{"text": "Marshallese", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Marshallese, what is the official language of the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f953f49b226e1400dd1327", "answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of what language group is the Marshallese language?", "id": "56f953f49b226e1400dd1328", "answers": [{"text": "Malayo-Polynesian", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What fraction of Marshall Islands residents are religious?", "id": "56f953f49b226e1400dd1329", "answers": [{"text": "three-quarters", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the United Church of Christ and the UCCCMI, what is a main religion of the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f953f49b226e1400dd132a", "answers": [{"text": "the Assemblies of God", "answer_start": 509}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The majority of the citizens of the Marshall Islands are of Marshallese descent, though there are small numbers of immigrants from the United States, China, Philippines and other Pacific islands. The two official languages are Marshallese, which is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, and English. Almost the entire population of the islands practises some religion, with three-quarters of the country either following the United Church of Christ \u2013 Congregational in the Marshall Islands (UCCCMI) or the Assemblies of God."}], ["Kekuatan Eropah mengiktiraf pulau-pulau sebagai sebahagian daripada Hindia Timur Sepanyol pada 1874. Walau bagaimanapun, Sepanyol menjual pulau-pulau itu ke Empayar Jerman pada tahun 1884, dan mereka menjadi sebahagian daripada Jerman Baru Guinea pada tahun 1885. Dalam Perang Dunia I Empayar Jepun menduduki Kepulauan Marshall, yang pada 1919 Liga Bangsa-Bangsa digabungkan dengan bekas wilayah Jerman yang lain untuk membentuk Mandat Pasifik Selatan. Dalam Perang Dunia II, Amerika Syarikat menawan pulau-pulau di Gilbert dan Kepulauan Marshall. Bersama dengan Kepulauan Pasifik yang lain, Kepulauan Marshall kemudian disatukan ke Wilayah Kepercayaan di Kepulauan Pasifik yang dikuasai oleh AS. Pemerintahan sendiri dicapai pada tahun 1979, dan kedaulatan penuh pada tahun 1986, di bawah Persatuan Percuma dengan Amerika Syarikat. Kepulauan Marshall telah menjadi negara anggota Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu sejak tahun 1991. <> Pada tahun berapa Kepulauan Marshall mendapat pengiktirafan rasmi oleh negara-negara Eropah utama? || 1874 <> Pada tahun 1884, negara mana yang membeli Kepulauan Marshall? || The German Empire <> Apa kumpulan Kepulauan Marshall yang menjadi sebahagian daripada Perang Dunia I? || Mandat Pasifik Selatan <> Siapa yang mengambil alih Kepulauan Marshall dalam perang dunia kedua? || Amerika Syarikat <> Pada tahun berapa Kepulauan Marshall mencapai kedaulatan total? || 1986 <> Apa negara Eropah yang dimiliki Kepulauan Marshall pada tahun 1874? || Sepanyol <> Siapa yang membeli Kepulauan Marshall dari Sepanyol pada tahun 1884? || Empayar Jerman <> Yang menduduki Kepulauan Marshall semasa Perang Dunia Pertama? || Jepun <> Pada tahun apakah Mandat Pasifik Selatan dibuat? || 1919 <> Pada tahun berapa Kepulauan Marshall menjadi negara berdaulat? || 1986", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the Marshall Islands gain official recognition by the major European nations?", "id": "56f78981aef2371900625ba9", "answers": [{"text": "1874", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1884, which country purchased the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f78981aef2371900625baa", "answers": [{"text": "the German Empire", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group was the Marshall Islands a part of following World War I?", "id": "56f78981aef2371900625bab", "answers": [{"text": "the South Pacific Mandate", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who took over the Marshall Islands in the second world war?", "id": "56f78981aef2371900625bac", "answers": [{"text": "the United States", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Marshall Islands achieve total sovereignty?", "id": "56f78981aef2371900625bad", "answers": [{"text": "1986", "answer_start": 694}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What European nation owned the Marshall Islands in 1874?", "id": "56f952ba9b226e1400dd1312", "answers": [{"text": "Spain", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who bought the Marshall Islands from the Spanish in 1884?", "id": "56f952ba9b226e1400dd1313", "answers": [{"text": "the German Empire", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who occupied the Marshall Islands during the First World War?", "id": "56f952ba9b226e1400dd1314", "answers": [{"text": "Japan", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the South Pacific Mandate created?", "id": "56f952ba9b226e1400dd1315", "answers": [{"text": "1919", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Marshall Islands become a sovereign nation?", "id": "56f952ba9b226e1400dd1316", "answers": [{"text": "1986", "answer_start": 694}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The European powers recognized the islands as part of the Spanish East Indies in 1874. However, Spain sold the islands to the German Empire in 1884, and they became part of German New Guinea in 1885. In World War I the Empire of Japan occupied the Marshall Islands, which in 1919 the League of Nations combined with other former German territories to form the South Pacific Mandate. In World War II, the United States conquered the islands in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign. Along with other Pacific Islands, the Marshall Islands were then consolidated into the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands governed by the US. Self-government was achieved in 1979, and full sovereignty in 1986, under a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Marshall Islands has been a United Nations member state since 1991."}], ["Kepulauan Marshall, secara rasmi Republik Kepulauan Marshall (Marshallese: Aolep\u0101n Aor\u014dkin M\u0327aje\u013c), [note 1] adalah sebuah negara pulau yang terletak di dekat khatulistiwa di Lautan Pasifik, sedikit barat dari Talian Tarikh Antarabangsa. Secara geografi, negara ini adalah sebahagian daripada kumpulan pulau Micronesia yang lebih besar. Penduduk negara ini berjumlah 53.158 orang (pada Banci 2011) tersebar di 29 atol karang, yang terdiri dari 1,156 pulau dan pulau kecil. Pulau-pulau berkongsi sempadan maritim dengan Negara-negara Federasi Mikronesia di barat, Wake Island di utara, [note 2] Kiribati di selatan-timur, dan Nauru di selatan. Kira-kira 27,797 penduduk pulau (pada Banci 2011) tinggal di Majuro, yang mengandungi modal. <> Apa nama Kepulauan Marshall dalam bahasa ibunda? || Aolep\u0101n Aor\u014dkin M\u0327aje\u013c <> Berhampiran dengan apa garis utama latitutde adalah Kepulauan Marshall? || khatulistiwa <> Pada tahun 2011, berapa orang yang tinggal di Kepulauan Marshall? || 53,158 <> Negara apa yang bersempadan dengan Kepulauan Marshall di sebelah barat? || Negara Persekutuan Mikronesia <> Pulau manakah yang menjadi ibu kota Kepulauan Marshall? || Majuro <> Apakah nama rasmi Kepulauan Marshall? || Republik Kepulauan Marshall <> Dalam apa lautan adalah Kepulauan Marshall yang terletak? || Lautan Pasifik <> Berapa banyak orang yang tinggal di Kepulauan Marshall pada tahun 2011? || 53,158 <> Berapa banyak atol karang terdiri daripada Kepulauan Marshall? || 29 <> Di pulau apakah ibukota Kepulauan Marshall? || Majuro", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the Marshall Islands in its native language?", "id": "56f78825aef2371900625b95", "answers": [{"text": "Aolep\u0101n Aor\u014dkin M\u0327aje\u013c", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Near what major line of latitutde are the Marshall Islands located?", "id": "56f78825aef2371900625b96", "answers": [{"text": "the equator", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of 2011, how many people live in the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f78825aef2371900625b97", "answers": [{"text": "53,158", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country borders the Marshall Islands on the western side?", "id": "56f78825aef2371900625b98", "answers": [{"text": "the Federated States of Micronesia", "answer_start": 499}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which island is home to the capital of the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f78825aef2371900625b99", "answers": [{"text": "Majuro", "answer_start": 692}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the official name of the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f9519a9e9bad19000a0825", "answers": [{"text": "Republic of the Marshall Islands", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what ocean are the Marshall Islands located?", "id": "56f9519a9e9bad19000a0826", "answers": [{"text": "Pacific Ocean", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people lived in the Marshall Islands in 2011?", "id": "56f9519a9e9bad19000a0827", "answers": [{"text": "53,158", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many coral atolls comprise the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f9519a9e9bad19000a0828", "answers": [{"text": "29", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what island is the capital of the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f9519a9e9bad19000a0829", "answers": [{"text": "Majuro", "answer_start": 692}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (Marshallese: Aolep\u0101n Aor\u014dkin M\u0327aje\u013c),[note 1] is an island country located near the equator in the Pacific Ocean, slightly west of the International Date Line. Geographically, the country is part of the larger island group of Micronesia. The country's population of 53,158 people (at the 2011 Census) is spread out over 29 coral atolls, comprising 1,156 individual islands and islets. The islands share maritime boundaries with the Federated States of Micronesia to the west, Wake Island to the north,[note 2] Kiribati to the south-east, and Nauru to the south. About 27,797 of the islanders (at the 2011 Census) live on Majuro, which contains the capital."}], ["Dalam beberapa bulan sebelum serangan ke Pearl Harbor, Kwajalein Atoll adalah pusat pentadbiran Perkhidmatan Angkatan Laut ke-6 Jepun, yang tugasnya adalah mempertahankan Kepulauan Marshall. <> Apa armada Jepun yang berpusat di Kepulauan Marshall? || Armada ke-6 <> Pada apa atol adalah Angkatan Angkatan Tentera ke-6 yang berdasarkan? || Kwajalein <> Apakah misi Perkhidmatan Angkatan Laut ke-6? || pertahanan Kepulauan Marshall", {"qas": [{"question": "What Japanese fleet was based in the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f95bb59b226e1400dd13a2", "answers": [{"text": "6th Fleet", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what atoll was the 6th Fleet Forces Service based?", "id": "56f95bb59b226e1400dd13a3", "answers": [{"text": "Kwajalein", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the mission of the 6th Fleet Forces Service?", "id": "56f95bb59b226e1400dd13a4", "answers": [{"text": "defense of the Marshall Islands", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the months before the attack on Pearl Harbor, Kwajalein Atoll was the administrative center of the Japanese 6th Fleet Forces Service, whose task was the defense of the Marshall Islands."}], ["Di bawah kawalan Jerman, dan sebelum itu, pedagang Jepun dan nelayan dari semasa ke semasa melawat Kepulauan Marshall, walaupun hubungan dengan penduduk pulau itu tidak teratur. Selepas Pemulihan Meiji (1868), kerajaan Jepun mengamalkan dasar mengubah Empayar Jepun menjadi kuasa ekonomi dan ketenteraan yang besar di Asia Timur. <> Apa peristiwa sejarah yang ketara berlaku di Jepun pada tahun 1868? || Pemulihan Meiji <> Di rantau apakah yang dilakukan oleh Jepun untuk membina kuasa mereka selepas tahun 1868? || Asia Timur <> Bersama nelayan, apa jenis orang Jepun yang melawat Marshalls? || pedagang", {"qas": [{"question": "What notable historical event occurred in Japan in 1868?", "id": "56f95a099b226e1400dd1388", "answers": [{"text": "the Meiji Restoration", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what region did the Japanese attempt to build up their power after 1868?", "id": "56f95a099b226e1400dd1389", "answers": [{"text": "East Asia", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with fishermen, what sort of Japanese people visited the Marshalls?", "id": "56f95a099b226e1400dd138a", "answers": [{"text": "traders", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Under German control, and even before then, Japanese traders and fishermen from time to time visited the Marshall Islands, although contact with the islanders was irregular. After the Meiji Restoration (1868), the Japanese government adopted a policy of turning the Japanese Empire into a great economic and military power in East Asia."}], ["Empayar Jerman terutama mempunyai kepentingan ekonomi di Mikronesia. Kepentingan Jepun berada di tanah. Walaupun kawasan kecil Marshalls dan sedikit sumber daya, penyerapan wilayah oleh Jepun akan sedikit sebanyak mengurangkan masalah penduduk Jepun yang semakin meningkat dengan jumlah tanah yang tersedia untuk menampungnya. Selama tahun penjajahannya, Jepun telah menggerakkan lebih dari 1,000 orang Jepun ke Kepulauan Marshall walaupun mereka tidak pernah mengatasi jumlah penduduk pribumi seperti yang mereka lakukan di Kepulauan Mariana dan Palau. <> Berapa banyak orang Jepun berhijrah ke Marshalls ketika ia adalah jajahan Jepang? || 1,000 <> Apakah sifat utama minat Jerman di Kepulauan Marshall? || ekonomi <> Apakah sifat utama kepentingan Jepun di Kepulauan Marshall? || tanah <> Bersama dengan Kepulauan Mariana, di mana pulau di sana lebih banyak pemukim Jepang daripada penduduk pribumi? || Palau", {"qas": [{"question": "About how many Japanese emigrated to the Marshalls when it was a Japanese colony?", "id": "56f95b049e9bad19000a0871", "answers": [{"text": "1,000", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the primary nature of Germany's interest in the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f95b049e9bad19000a0872", "answers": [{"text": "economic", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the primary nature of Japan's interest in the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f95b049e9bad19000a0873", "answers": [{"text": "land", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Mariana Islands, on what island were there more Japanese settlers than indigenous inhabitants?", "id": "56f95b049e9bad19000a0874", "answers": [{"text": "Palau", "answer_start": 519}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The German Empire had primarily economic interests in Micronesia. The Japanese interests were in land. Despite the Marshalls' small area and few resources, the absorption of the territory by Japan would to some extent alleviate Japan's problem of an increasing population with a diminishing amount of available land to house it. During its years of colonial rule, Japan moved more than 1,000 Japanese to the Marshall Islands although they never outnumbered the indigenous peoples as they did in the Mariana Islands and Palau."}], ["Sebuah syarikat perdagangan Jerman, Jaluit Gesellschaft, mentadbirkan pulau-pulau itu dari tahun 1887 hingga 1905. Mereka menugaskan penduduk pulau itu sebagai buruh dan menganiaya mereka. Selepas Perjanjian Jerman-Sepanyol 1899, di mana Jerman memperoleh Carolines, Palau, dan Marianas dari Sepanyol, Jerman meletakkan semua pulau Micronesia, termasuk Marshalls, di bawah gabenor Jerman Baru Guinea. <> Syarikat apa yang menjalankan Kepulauan Marshall pada akhir abad ke-19? || Jaluit Gesellschaft <> Bilakah pentadbiran pulau Jaluit Gesellschaft berakhir? || 1905 <> Dokumen apa yang ditandatangani pada tahun 1899? || Perjanjian Jerman-Sepanyol 1899 <> Bersama dengan Marianas dan Palau, pulau apa yang diperoleh dari Sepanyol pada tahun 1899? || Carolines <> Apa rasmi yang dikendalikan oleh harta Micronesia di Jerman? || gabenor Jerman Baru Guinea", {"qas": [{"question": "What company ran the Marshall Islands in the late 19th century?", "id": "56f959019e9bad19000a085d", "answers": [{"text": "the Jaluit Gesellschaft", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Jaluit Gesellschaft's administration of the islands end?", "id": "56f959019e9bad19000a085e", "answers": [{"text": "1905", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What document was signed in 1899?", "id": "56f959019e9bad19000a085f", "answers": [{"text": "the German\u2013Spanish Treaty of 1899", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Marianas and Palau, what islands were acquired from Spain in 1899?", "id": "56f959019e9bad19000a0860", "answers": [{"text": "the Carolines", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What official administered Germany's Micronesian possessions?", "id": "56f959019e9bad19000a0861", "answers": [{"text": "the governor of German New Guinea", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A German trading company, the Jaluit Gesellschaft, administered the islands from 1887 until 1905. They conscripted the islanders as laborers and mistreated them. After the German\u2013Spanish Treaty of 1899, in which Germany acquired the Carolines, Palau, and the Marianas from Spain, Germany placed all of its Micronesian islands, including the Marshalls, under the governor of German New Guinea."}], ["Pada tahun 1914, Jepun menyertai Entente semasa Perang Dunia I dan menawan pelbagai jajahan Empayar Jerman, termasuk beberapa di Mikronesia. Pada 29 September 1914, tentera Jepun menduduki Enewetak Atoll, dan pada 30 September 1914, Atol Jaluit, pusat pentadbiran Kepulauan Marshall. Selepas perang, pada 28 Jun 1919, Jerman menandatangani (di bawah protes) Perjanjian Versailles. Ia melepaskan semua harta Pacificnya, termasuk Kepulauan Marshall. Pada 17 Disember 1920, Majlis Liga Bangsa-Bangsa meluluskan Mandat Pasifik Selatan untuk Jepun untuk mengambil alih semua bekas jajahan Jerman di Lautan Pasifik yang terletak di utara Khatulistiwa. Pusat Pentadbiran kepulauan Marshall tetap Jaluit. <> Pada tarikh apakah tanah Jepun di Enewetak? || 29 September 1914 <> Apa perikatan ketenteraan Jepun menyertai Perang Dunia Pertama? || Entente <> Apa yang ditakluki Jepun pada 30 September 1914? || Atlas Jaluit <> Pada tarikh apa Perjanjian ditandatangani Versailles? || 28 Jun 1919 <> Bilakah Mandat Pasifik Selatan untuk Jepun diluluskan? || 17 Disember 1920", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date did the Japanese land on Enewetak?", "id": "56f95a919b226e1400dd138e", "answers": [{"text": "September 29, 1914", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What military alliance did the Japanese join in the First World War?", "id": "56f95a919b226e1400dd138f", "answers": [{"text": "the Entente", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Japanese occupy on September 30, 1914?", "id": "56f95a919b226e1400dd1390", "answers": [{"text": "the Jaluit Atoll", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was the Treaty of Versailles signed?", "id": "56f95a919b226e1400dd1391", "answers": [{"text": "June 28, 1919", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the South Pacific Mandate for Japan approved?", "id": "56f95a919b226e1400dd1392", "answers": [{"text": "December 17, 1920", "answer_start": 465}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1914, Japan joined the Entente during World War I and captured various German Empire colonies, including several in Micronesia. On September 29, 1914, Japanese troops occupied the Enewetak Atoll, and on September 30, 1914, the Jaluit Atoll, the administrative centre of the Marshall Islands. After the war, on June 28, 1919, Germany signed (under protest) the Treaty of Versailles. It renounced all of its Pacific possessions, including the Marshall Islands. On December 17, 1920, the Council of the League of Nations approved the South Pacific Mandate for Japan to take over all former German colonies in the Pacific Ocean located north of the Equator. The Administrative Centre of the Marshall Islands archipelago remained Jaluit."}], ["Bapa misionaris Katolik A. A. Erdland, dari Hati Kudus Jesu Society yang berpusat di Hiltrup, Jerman, tinggal di Jaluit dari sekitar tahun 1904 hingga 1914. Dia sangat berminat dengan pulau-pulau dan melakukan penyelidikan yang besar mengenai budaya dan bahasa Marshall. Beliau menerbitkan monograf 376 halaman di pulau-pulau pada tahun 1914. Bapa H. Linckens, seorang mubaligh lain dari Sacred Heart of Jesu Society melawat Kepulauan Marshall pada tahun 1904 dan 1911 selama beberapa minggu. Beliau menerbitkan karya kecil pada tahun 1912 tentang kegiatan misi Katolik dan orang-orang Kepulauan Marshall. <> Apakah kumpulan Katolik itu adalah Bapa Erdland? || Hati Kudus Jesu Society <> Dalam tahun apakah Bapa Erdland meninggalkan Kepulauan Marshall? || 1914 <> Pada tahun apakah lawatan terakhir Bapa Linckens ke Marshalls? || 1911 <> Kapan buku Bapa Linckens diterbitkan? || 1912 <> Pada tahun apakah bapa Linckens mula-mula pergi ke Marshalls? || 1904", {"qas": [{"question": "What Catholic group was Father Erdland a part of?", "id": "56f959be9b226e1400dd137e", "answers": [{"text": "the Sacred Heart Jesu Society", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Father Erdland leave the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f959be9b226e1400dd137f", "answers": [{"text": "1914", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Father Linckens' last visit to the Marshalls?", "id": "56f959be9b226e1400dd1380", "answers": [{"text": "1911", "answer_start": 434}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Father Linckens' book published?", "id": "56f959be9b226e1400dd1381", "answers": [{"text": "1912", "answer_start": 487}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Father Linckens first travel to the Marshalls?", "id": "56f959be9b226e1400dd1382", "answers": [{"text": "1904", "answer_start": 425}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Catholic missionary Father A. Erdland, from the Sacred Heart Jesu Society based in Hiltrup, Germany, lived on Jaluit from around 1904 to 1914. He was very interested in the islands and conducted considerable research on the Marshallese culture and language. He published a 376-page monograph on the islands in 1914. Father H. Linckens, another missionary from the Sacred Heart of Jesu Society visited the Marshall Islands in 1904 and 1911 for several weeks. He published a small work in 1912 about the Catholic mission activities and the people of the Marshall Islands."}], ["Walaupun Empayar Sepanyol mempunyai tuntutan sisa pada Marshalls pada tahun 1874, ketika ia mula menegaskan kedaulatannya atas Carolines, dia tidak berusaha untuk mencegah Empayar Jerman mendapat pijakan di sana. Britain juga tidak membantah sebarang pertahanan Jerman ke atas Marshalls sebagai pertukaran untuk pengiktirafan Jerman hak Britain di Gilbert dan Ellice Islands. Pada 13 Oktober 1885, SMS Nautilus di bawah Kapten R\u00f6tger membawa utusan Jerman kepada Jaluit. Mereka menandatangani perjanjian dengan Kabua, yang sebelum ini diiktiraf oleh Jerman sebagai \"Raja Kepulauan Ralik,\" pada 15 Oktober. <> Apa negara telah menuntut di Kepulauan Marshall sehingga tahun 1874? || Kerajaan Sepanyol <> Bangsa apa yang membentuk protektorat di Kepulauan Marshall? || Kerajaan Jerman <> Negara apa yang menegaskan hak mereka terhadap pulau Gilbert dan Ellice? || Britain <> Pada kapal apakah yang dikejar Jerman di Kepulauan Marshall? || SMS Nautilus <> Apakah tajuk yang diberikan oleh orang Jerman kepada Kabua? || Raja Kepulauan Ralik", {"qas": [{"question": "What nation had a claim on the Marshall Islands as of 1874?", "id": "56f957e29b226e1400dd136a", "answers": [{"text": "the Spanish Empire", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nation formed a protectorate over the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f957e29b226e1400dd136b", "answers": [{"text": "the German Empire", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nation asserted their rights over the Gilbert and Ellice islands?", "id": "56f957e29b226e1400dd136c", "answers": [{"text": "Britain", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what ship did German ambassadors arrive in the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f957e29b226e1400dd136d", "answers": [{"text": "SMS Nautilus", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What title did the Germans give to Kabua?", "id": "56f957e29b226e1400dd136e", "answers": [{"text": "King of the Ralik Islands", "answer_start": 551}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although the Spanish Empire had a residual claim on the Marshalls in 1874, when she began asserting her sovereignty over the Carolines, she made no effort to prevent the German Empire from gaining a foothold there. Britain also raised no objection to a German protectorate over the Marshalls in exchange for German recognition of Britain's rights in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands. On October 13, 1885, SMS Nautilus under Captain R\u00f6tger brought German emissaries to Jaluit. They signed a treaty with Kabua, whom the Germans had earlier recognized as \"King of the Ralik Islands,\" on October 15."}], ["Selepas itu, tujuh ketua lain di tujuh pulau lain menandatangani perjanjian di Jerman dan Marshall dan salinan terakhir yang disaksikan oleh R\u00f6tger pada 1 November dihantar ke Pejabat Luar Negara Jerman. Jerman mendirikan tanda mengisytiharkan \"Imperial German Protectorate\" di Jaluit. Ia telah berspekulasi bahawa krisis di atas Carolines dengan Sepanyol, yang hampir menimbulkan perang, sebenarnya adalah \"kekeliruan untuk menampung pemerolehan Kepulauan Marshall\", yang hampir tidak diketahui pada masa itu, walaupun pulau-pulau itu merupakan sumber terbesar copra di Micronesia. Sepanyol menjual pulau-pulau ke Jerman pada tahun 1884 melalui pengantaraan paus. <> Pada hari apakah perjanjian akhir yang ditandatangani antara ketua-ketua Kepulauan Marshall dan Jerman? || 1 November <> Status apa yang dimiliki Kepulauan Marshall di Jerman? || Imperial Jerman Protektorat <> Negara mana yang mengawal Carolines? || Sepanyol <> Apa sumber penting yang terdapat di Kepulauan Marshall? || copra <> Dalam tahun apakah Jerman membeli Marshalls dari Sepanyol? || 1884", {"qas": [{"question": "On what day was a final treaty signed between the Marshall Islands chiefs and the Germans?", "id": "56f9586b9b226e1400dd1374", "answers": [{"text": "November 1", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What status did the Marshall Islands have in Germany?", "id": "56f9586b9b226e1400dd1375", "answers": [{"text": "Imperial German Protectorate", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nation had control of the Carolines?", "id": "56f9586b9b226e1400dd1376", "answers": [{"text": "Spain", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What notable resource was available in the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f9586b9b226e1400dd1377", "answers": [{"text": "copra", "answer_start": 529}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Germany buy the Marshalls from Spain?", "id": "56f9586b9b226e1400dd1378", "answers": [{"text": "1884", "answer_start": 587}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Subsequently, seven other chiefs on seven other islands signed a treaty in German and Marshallese and a final copy witnessed by R\u00f6tger on November 1 was sent to the German Foreign Office. The Germans erected a sign declaring a \"Imperial German Protectorate\" at Jaluit. It has been speculated that the crisis over the Carolines with Spain, which almost provoked a war, was in fact \"a feint to cover the acquisition of the Marshall Islands\", which went almost unnoticed at the time, despite the islands being the largest source of copra in Micronesia. Spain sold the islands to Germany in 1884 through papal mediation."}], ["Pentadbiran Jepun diperbesarkan dan pemimpin tempatan yang dilantik, yang melemahkan kuasa pemimpin tradisional tempatan. Jepun juga cuba mengubah organisasi sosial di pulau-pulau dari Matrilineality ke sistem Patriarkal Jepun, tetapi tidak berjaya. Lebih-lebih lagi, sepanjang tahun 1930-an, satu pertiga daripada semua tanah sehingga paras air tinggi telah diisytiharkan sebagai harta kerajaan Jepun. Di Nusantara, sebelum ia mengharamkan peniaga asing, kegiatan para misionaris Katolik dan Protestan dibenarkan. Orang asli dididik di sekolah Jepun, dan belajar bahasa Jepun dan budaya Jepun. Dasar ini adalah strategi kerajaan bukan sahaja di Kepulauan Marshall, tetapi di semua wilayah mandat yang lain di Mikronesia. Pada 27 Mac 1933, Jepun menyerahkan notisnya di Liga Bangsa-Bangsa, tetapi terus menguruskan pulau-pulau itu, dan pada akhir 1930-an mula membina pangkalan udara di beberapa pulau. Kepulauan Marshall berada dalam kedudukan geografi yang penting, menjadi titik paling timur di cincin pertahanan Jepun pada awal Perang Dunia II. <> Apakah organisasi sosial tradisional Kepulauan Marshall? || Matrilineality <> Apakah sistem organisasi sosial yang digunakan di Jepun? || sistem Patriarchal Jepun <> Pada tarikh apakah Jepun meninggalkan Liga Bangsa? || 27 Mac 1933 <> Bahasa apa yang diajar oleh Marshall Islanders di sekolah-sekolah semasa di bawah pentadbiran penjajah Jepun? || Jepun <> Bersama dengan Protestan, para mubaligh dari apa denominasi dibenarkan beroperasi di Marshalls? || Katolik", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the traditional social organization of the Marshall Islanders?", "id": "56f95b769e9bad19000a0879", "answers": [{"text": "Matrilineality", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What system of social organization was used in Japan?", "id": "56f95b769e9bad19000a087a", "answers": [{"text": "the Japanese Patriarchal system", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did the Japanese leave the League of Nations?", "id": "56f95b769e9bad19000a087b", "answers": [{"text": "March 27, 1933", "answer_start": 761}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language were Marshall Islanders taught in schools while under Japanese colonial administration?", "id": "56f95b769e9bad19000a087c", "answers": [{"text": "Japanese", "answer_start": 587}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Protestants, missionaries from what denomination were allowed to operate in the Marshalls?", "id": "56f95b769e9bad19000a087d", "answers": [{"text": "Catholic", "answer_start": 471}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Japanese enlarged administration and appointed local leaders, which weakened the authority of local traditional leaders. Japan also tried to change the social organization in the islands from Matrilineality to the Japanese Patriarchal system, but with no success. Moreover, during the 1930s, one third of all land up to the high water level was declared the property of the Japanese government. On the archipelago, before it banned foreign traders, the activities of Catholic and Protestant missionaries were allowed. Indigenous people were educated in Japanese schools, and studied Japanese language and Japanese culture. This policy was the government strategy not only in the Marshall Islands, but on all the other mandated territories in Micronesia. On March 27, 1933, Japan handed in its notice at the League of Nations, but continued to manage the islands, and in the late 1930s began building air bases on several atolls. The Marshall Islands were in an important geographical position, being the easternmost point in Japan's defensive ring at the beginning of World War II."}], ["Beberapa kapal yang melawat pulau-pulau itu diserang dan pasukannya terbunuh. Pada tahun 1834, Kapten DonSette dan anak buahnya terbunuh. Begitu juga, pada tahun 1845 penyair Naiad menghukum orang asli kerana mencuri dengan keganasan tersebut sehingga penduduk pribumi menyerang kapal itu. Kemudian pada tahun itu krew bot whaler terbunuh. Pada tahun 1852 kapal-kapal yang berpangkalan di San Francisco, Glencoe dan Laut Nymph telah diserang dan semua orang berada di atas kapal kecuali seorang anggota kru terbunuh. Keganasan biasanya disebabkan sebagai tindak balas terhadap perlakuan buruk terhadap penduduk pribumi sebagai tindak balas terhadap kecurian kecil, yang merupakan amalan biasa. Pada tahun 1857, dua mubaligh berjaya menetap di Ebon, yang tinggal di kalangan penduduk asli melalui sekurang-kurangnya 1870. 37 <<Siapakah pemimpin kumpulan yang diserang oleh rakyat Kepulauan Marshall pada tahun 1834? || Kapten DonSette <> Apa kapal diserang pada tahun 1845? || Naiad <> Apa kapal-kapal diserang pada tahun 1852? || Glencoe dan Sea Nymph <> Pada tahun berapa misionaris tiba untuk tinggal di Kepulauan Marshall? || 1857 <> Di pulau mana yang dilakukan para Misionaris dengan warga Kepulauan Marshall? || Ebon <> Siapa kapten kru terbunuh pada tahun 1834? || Kapten DonSette <> Dalam tahun berapa kapal Naiad diserang oleh penduduk asli? || 1845 <> Apa jenis kapal yang Naiad? || schooner <> Daripada apa bandar pelayaran Laut Nymph? || San Francisco <> Di mana para mubaligh hidup pada tahun 1857? || Ebon", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the leader of the group attacked by the people of the Marshall Islands in 1834?", "id": "56f799d2a6d7ea1400e1725e", "answers": [{"text": "Captain DonSette", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What vessel was attacked in 1845?", "id": "56f799d2a6d7ea1400e1725f", "answers": [{"text": "Naiad", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ships were attacked in 1852?", "id": "56f799d2a6d7ea1400e17260", "answers": [{"text": "Glencoe and Sea Nymph", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did missionaries arrive to live in the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f799d2a6d7ea1400e17261", "answers": [{"text": "1857", "answer_start": 585}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what island did the Missionaries live with citizens of the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f799d2a6d7ea1400e17262", "answers": [{"text": "Ebon", "answer_start": 632}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the captain of the crew killed in 1834?", "id": "56f9575c9e9bad19000a0849", "answers": [{"text": "Captain DonSette", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the ship Naiad attacked by natives?", "id": "56f9575c9e9bad19000a084a", "answers": [{"text": "1845", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of ship was the Naiad?", "id": "56f9575c9e9bad19000a084b", "answers": [{"text": "schooner", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Out of what city was the Sea Nymph sailing?", "id": "56f9575c9e9bad19000a084c", "answers": [{"text": "San Francisco", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did missionaries live as of 1857?", "id": "56f9575c9e9bad19000a084d", "answers": [{"text": "Ebon", "answer_start": 632}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed. In 1834, Captain DonSette and his crew were killed. Similarly, in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship. Later that year a whaler's boat crew were killed. In 1852 the San Francisco-based ships Glencoe and Sea Nymph were attacked and everyone aboard except for one crew member were killed. The violence was usually attributed as a response to the ill treatment of the natives in response to petty theft, which was a common practice. In 1857, two missionaries successfully settled on Ebon, living among the natives through at least 1870.:3"}], ["Pada tahun 2008, gelombang ekstrem dan pasang surut yang tinggi menyebabkan banjir meluas di ibukota Majuro dan pusat bandar lain, 3 kaki (0.91 m) di atas paras laut. Pada pagi Krismas pada tahun 2008, kerajaan mengisytiharkan keadaan kecemasan. Pada tahun 2013, gelombang berat sekali lagi melanggar dinding bandar Majuro. <> Apa modal Kepulauan Marshall? || Majuro <> Pada hari apa tahun 2008 kerajaan Marshall mengisytiharkan keadaan kecemasan? || Krismas <> Dalam meter, berapa tinggi banjir 2008? || 0.91 <> Apa yang menyebabkan banjir 2008? || ombak yang melampau dan pasang surut <> Dalam tahun apakah gelombang mengatasi dinding ibu kota? || 2013", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the capital of the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f95ecc9e9bad19000a08a3", "answers": [{"text": "Majuro", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day in 2008 did the Marshall Island government declare a state of emergency?", "id": "56f95ecc9e9bad19000a08a4", "answers": [{"text": "Christmas", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In meters, how high were the 2008 floods?", "id": "56f95ecc9e9bad19000a08a5", "answers": [{"text": "0.91", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What caused the 2008 floods?", "id": "56f95ecc9e9bad19000a08a6", "answers": [{"text": "extreme waves and high tides", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did waves overcome the walls of the capital city?", "id": "56f95ecc9e9bad19000a08a7", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2008, extreme waves and high tides caused widespread flooding in the capital city of Majuro and other urban centres, 3 feet (0.91 m) above sea level. On Christmas morning in 2008, the government declared a state of emergency. In 2013, heavy waves once again breached the city walls of Majuro."}], ["Tuntutan nuklear antara A.S. dan Kepulauan Marshall sedang berjalan, dan kesan kesihatan dari ujian nuklear ini berlanjutan. Projek 4.1 adalah kajian perubatan yang dijalankan oleh Amerika Syarikat penduduk-penduduk di Bikini Atoll yang terdedah kepada kejatuhan radioaktif. Dari tahun 1956 hingga Ogos 1998, sekurang-kurangnya $ 759 juta telah dibayar kepada Pulau Marshall sebagai pampasan atas pendedahan mereka kepada ujian senjata nuklear A.S.. <> Apakah nama kajian AS terhadap kejatuhan nuklear di Bikini Atoll? || Projek 4.1 <> Bilakah Amerika Syarikat mula membayar pampasan kepada Marshall Islanders untuk pendedahan senjata nuklear? || 1956 <> Dalam berjuta-juta dolar, berapa wang yang dibayar Amerika Syarikat dalam pampasan pengujian nuklear kepada penduduk Marshall Island antara 1956 dan 1998? || 759", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the US study of nuclear fallout on Bikini Atoll?", "id": "56f95e089e9bad19000a0893", "answers": [{"text": "Project 4.1", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the United States begin to pay compensation to Marshall Islanders for nuclear weapon exposure?", "id": "56f95e089e9bad19000a0894", "answers": [{"text": "1956", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In millions of dollars, how much money did the United States pay out in nuclear testing compensation to Marshall Island residents between 1956 and 1998?", "id": "56f95e089e9bad19000a0895", "answers": [{"text": "759", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nuclear claims between the U.S. and the Marshall Islands are ongoing, and health effects from these nuclear tests linger. Project 4.1 was a medical study conducted by the United States of those residents of the Bikini Atoll exposed to radioactive fallout. From 1956 to August 1998, at least $759 million was paid to the Marshallese Islanders in compensation for their exposure to U.S. nuclear weapon testing."}], ["Pertempuran di Kepulauan Marshall menyebabkan kerosakan yang tidak dapat diperbaiki, terutama pada pangkalan Jepun. Semasa pengeboman Amerika, penduduk pulau ini mengalami kekurangan makanan dan pelbagai kecederaan. Serangan A.S. bermula pada pertengahan tahun 1943, dan menyebabkan separuh garnison Jepun sebanyak 5,100 orang di atoll Mili mati akibat kelaparan pada bulan Ogos 1945. <> Pada tahun apakah serangan udara Amerika di Marshalls bermula? || 1943 <> Seberapa besar pasukan garisan Jepun di Mili? || 5,100 <> Seberapa banyak pecahan garis garisan Jepun di Mili mati akibat kelaparan? || separuh <> Bersama dengan kecederaan, apa penderitaan yang menyebabkan pengeboman Amerika ke Kepulauan Marshall? || kekurangan makanan", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did American air attacks on the Marshalls begin?", "id": "56f95ca49e9bad19000a088b", "answers": [{"text": "1943", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How large was the Japanese garrison on Mili?", "id": "56f95ca49e9bad19000a088c", "answers": [{"text": "5,100", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What fraction of the Japanese garrison on Mili died due to hunger?", "id": "56f95ca49e9bad19000a088d", "answers": [{"text": "half", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with injuries, what suffering did the American bombing cause to the Marshall Islanders?", "id": "56f95ca49e9bad19000a088e", "answers": [{"text": "lack of food", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The battle in the Marshall Islands caused irreparable damage, especially on Japanese bases. During the American bombing, the islands' population suffered from lack of food and various injuries. U.S. attacks started in mid-1943, and caused half the Japanese garrison of 5,100 people in the atoll Mili to die from hunger by August 1945."}], ["Berikutan penangkapan dan pendudukan oleh Amerika Syarikat semasa Perang Dunia II, Kepulauan Marshall, bersama dengan beberapa kumpulan pulau lain yang terletak di Micronesia, meluluskan secara rasmi ke Amerika Syarikat di bawah naungan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu pada tahun 1947 sebagai sebahagian daripada Wilayah Amanah Kepulauan Pasifik yang ditubuhkan menurut Resolusi Majlis Keselamatan 21. <> Semasa konflik apakah AS menduduki Marshalls? || Perang Dunia II <> Apakah resolusi Majlis Keselamatan PBB memberi kawalan Amerika terhadap Marshalls? || Resolusi Majlis Keselamatan 21 <> Pada tahun berapakah Wilayah Amanah di Kepulauan Pasifik dicipta? || 1947 <> Apa nama kawasan yang lebih luas yang Kepulauan Marshall adalah sebahagian daripada? || Micronesia", {"qas": [{"question": "During what conflict did the US occupy the Marshalls?", "id": "56f95d2a9b226e1400dd13ba", "answers": [{"text": "World War II", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What resolution of the UN Security Council gave the United States control over the Marshalls?", "id": "56f95d2a9b226e1400dd13bb", "answers": [{"text": "Security Council Resolution 21", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands created?", "id": "56f95d2a9b226e1400dd13bc", "answers": [{"text": "1947", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the broader region that the Marshall Islands are a part of?", "id": "56f95d2a9b226e1400dd13bd", "answers": [{"text": "Micronesia", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Following capture and occupation by the United States during World War II, the Marshall Islands, along with several other island groups located in Micronesia, passed formally to the United States under United Nations auspices in 1947 as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 21."}], ["Pada tahun 1986, Persatuan Percuma Bersama dengan Amerika Syarikat mula berkuatkuasa, memberikan Republik Kepulauan Marshall (RMI) kedaulatannya. The Compact yang disediakan untuk bantuan dan pertahanan A.S. di pulau-pulau sebagai pertukaran untuk penggunaan tentera AS yang berterusan bagi pelbagai ujian peluru berpandu di Kwajalein Atoll. Prosedur kemerdekaan secara formal diselesaikan di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa pada tahun 1990, ketika PBB secara resmi mengakhiri status Pemegang Amanah menurut Resolusi Dewan Keselamatan 683. <> Apa dokumen yang diberikan kedaulatan ke Kepulauan Marshall? || Kompak Persatuan Percuma <> Pada tahun apakah Kepulauan Marshall menerima kedaulatan? || 1986 <> Di mana di Kepulauan Marshall apakah Amerika Syarikat mempunyai julat ujian peluru berpandu? || Ata Kwajalein <> Bilakah PBB Kepercayaan ke atas Kepulauan Marshall berakhir? || 1990 <> Apakah Resolusi Majlis Keselamatan yang menamatkan Program Pematuhan PBB ke atas Marshalls? || Resolusi Majlis Keselamatan 683", {"qas": [{"question": "What document granted sovereignty to the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f95e5e9e9bad19000a0899", "answers": [{"text": "the Compact of Free Association", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Marshall Islands receive sovereignty?", "id": "56f95e5e9e9bad19000a089a", "answers": [{"text": "1986", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where in the Marshall Islands does the United States have a missile testing range?", "id": "56f95e5e9e9bad19000a089b", "answers": [{"text": "Kwajalein Atoll", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did UN Trusteeship over the Marshall Islands end?", "id": "56f95e5e9e9bad19000a089c", "answers": [{"text": "1990", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Security Council Resolution ended UN Trusteeship over the Marshalls?", "id": "56f95e5e9e9bad19000a089d", "answers": [{"text": "Security Council Resolution 683", "answer_start": 454}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1986, the Compact of Free Association with the United States entered into force, granting the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) its sovereignty. The Compact provided for aid and U.S. defense of the islands in exchange for continued U.S. military use of the missile testing range at Kwajalein Atoll. The independence procedure was formally completed under international law in 1990, when the UN officially ended the Trusteeship status pursuant to Security Council Resolution 683."}], ["Kerajaan Kepulauan Marshall beroperasi di bawah sistem perpecahan parlimen-campuran seperti yang dinyatakan dalam Perlembagaannya. Pilihan raya diadakan setiap empat tahun di hak pilih sejagat (untuk semua warganegara di atas 18), dengan masing-masing dua puluh empat pemilih (lihat di bawah) memilih satu atau lebih wakil (senator) ke rumah bawah perundangan unicameral RMI, Nitijela. (Majuro, ibu negara, memilih lima senator.) Presiden, yang merupakan ketua negara dan juga ketua kerajaan, dipilih oleh 33 senator Nitijela. Empat daripada lima presiden Marshall yang telah dipilih sejak Perlembagaan diguna pakai pada tahun 1979 telah menjadi ketua utama utama. <> Apakah sistem pentadbiran Kepulauan Marshall? || sistem parlimen-presiden <> Berapa lama warga negara Kepulauan Marshall harus mengundi? || 18 <> Berapa kerapkah pemilihan diadakan di Kepulauan Marshall? || setiap empat tahun <> Apa nama perundangan Kepulauan Marshall? || Nitijela <> Bilakah perlembagaan terkini Kepulauan Marshall diterima pakai? || 1979", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the governing system of the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f9608b9b226e1400dd13de", "answers": [{"text": "parliamentary-presidential system", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old must a citizen of the Marshall Islands be to vote?", "id": "56f9608b9b226e1400dd13df", "answers": [{"text": "18", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How often are elections held in the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f9608b9b226e1400dd13e0", "answers": [{"text": "every four years", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the Marshall Islands legislature?", "id": "56f9608b9b226e1400dd13e1", "answers": [{"text": "Nitijela", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the most recent constitution of the Marshall Islands adopted?", "id": "56f9608b9b226e1400dd13e2", "answers": [{"text": "1979", "answer_start": 652}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The government of the Marshall Islands operates under a mixed parliamentary-presidential system as set forth in its Constitution. Elections are held every four years in universal suffrage (for all citizens above 18), with each of the twenty-four constituencies (see below) electing one or more representatives (senators) to the lower house of RMI's unicameral legislature, the Nitijela. (Majuro, the capital atoll, elects five senators.) The President, who is head of state as well as head of government, is elected by the 33 senators of the Nitijela. Four of the five Marshallese presidents who have been elected since the Constitution was adopted in 1979 have been traditional paramount chiefs."}], ["Dalam Perang Dunia II, Amerika Syarikat, semasa kempen Gilbert dan Marshall Kepulauan, menyerang dan menduduki pulau-pulau pada tahun 1944, memusnahkan atau mengasingkan garrison Jepun. Dalam masa satu bulan pada tahun 1944, rakyat Amerika menawan Kwajalein Atoll, Majuro dan Enewetak, dan dalam dua bulan akan datang, seluruh Kepulauan Marshall, kecuali Wotje, Mili, Maloelap dan Jaluit. <> Semasa konflik apakah AS menduduki Kepulauan Marshall? || Perang Dunia II <> Apakah nama kempen di mana AS menduduki Marshalls? || kempen Gilbert dan Kepulauan Marshall <> Pada tahun apakah Amerika menduduki Marshalls? || 1944 <> Berapa banyak bulan yang diperlukan untuk AS untuk menduduki Kwajalein Atoll, Majuro dan Enewetak? || satu <> Bersama dengan Mili, Maloelap dan Jaluit, apa bahagian Kepulauan Marshall yang tidak diduduki dalam tiga bulan pertama kempen Amerika? || Wotje", {"qas": [{"question": "During what conflict did the US occupy the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f95c439b226e1400dd13a8", "answers": [{"text": "World War II", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the campaign in which the US occupied the Marshalls?", "id": "56f95c439b226e1400dd13a9", "answers": [{"text": "the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the United States occupy the Marshalls?", "id": "56f95c439b226e1400dd13aa", "answers": [{"text": "1944", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many months did it take for the US to occupy Kwajalein Atoll, Majuro and Enewetak?", "id": "56f95c439b226e1400dd13ab", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Mili, Maloelap and Jaluit, what parts of the Marshall Islands were not occupied in the first three months of the American campaign?", "id": "56f95c439b226e1400dd13ac", "answers": [{"text": "Wotje", "answer_start": 334}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In World War II, the United States, during the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, invaded and occupied the islands in 1944, destroying or isolating the Japanese garrisons. In just one month in 1944, Americans captured Kwajalein Atoll, Majuro and Enewetak, and, in the next two months, the rest of the Marshall Islands, except for Wotje, Mili, Maloelap and Jaluit."}], ["Berikutan kecemasan 2013, Menteri Luar Negeri Tony de Brum digalakkan oleh pentadbiran Obama di Amerika Syarikat untuk mengubah krisis menjadi peluang untuk mempromosikan tindakan terhadap perubahan iklim. De Brum menuntut komitmen baru dan kepimpinan antarabangsa untuk menghindari bencana iklim yang lebih jauh daripada mengatasi negaranya dan negara lain yang mudah terjejas. Pada bulan September 2013, Kepulauan Marshall menjadi tuan rumah kepada Sidang Kemuncak Forum Kepulauan ke-44. De Brum mencadangkan Deklarasi Majuro untuk Kepimpinan Iklim untuk merangsang tindakan konkrit mengenai perubahan iklim. <> Setahun 2013, yang mana Menteri Luar Negeri Marshall Kepulauan? || Tony de Brum <> Dalam bulan dan tahun apakah pertemuan puncak ke-44 Forum Kepulauan Pasifik? || September 2013 <> Dokumen apa yang dilakukan oleh Menteri Luar Negeri Brum di forum ke-44 Forum Kepulauan Pasifik? || Majuro Deklarasi Kepimpinan Iklim <> Apakah isu persekitaran yang dikemukakan oleh Majuro Deklarasi untuk Kepimpinan Iklim? || perubahan iklim <> Yang menggalakkan Brum untuk menangani isu iklim? || pentadbiran Obama", {"qas": [{"question": "As of 2013, who was the Marshall Islands Minister of Foreign Affairs?", "id": "56f95fca9b226e1400dd13d4", "answers": [{"text": "Tony de Brum", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month and year did the 44th Pacific Islands Forum summit take place?", "id": "56f95fca9b226e1400dd13d5", "answers": [{"text": "September 2013", "answer_start": 394}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What document did Foreign Minister de Brum present at the 44th Pacific Islands Forum summit?", "id": "56f95fca9b226e1400dd13d6", "answers": [{"text": "Majuro Declaration for Climate Leadership", "answer_start": 496}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What environmental issue did the Majuro Declaration for Climate Leadership address?", "id": "56f95fca9b226e1400dd13d7", "answers": [{"text": "climate change", "answer_start": 570}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who encouraged de Brum to address climate issues?", "id": "56f95fca9b226e1400dd13d8", "answers": [{"text": "the Obama administration", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Following the 2013 emergencies, the Minister of Foreign Affairs Tony de Brum was encouraged by the Obama administration in the United States to turn the crises into an opportunity to promote action against climate change. De Brum demanded new commitment and international leadership to stave off further climate disasters from battering his country and other similarly vulnerable countries. In September 2013, the Marshall Islands hosted the 44th Pacific Islands Forum summit. De Brum proposed a Majuro Declaration for Climate Leadership to galvanize concrete action on climate change."}], ["Pada tahun 2013, atoll utara Kepulauan Marshall mengalami kemarau. Kemarau itu menyebabkan 6,000 orang hidup di bawah 1 liter (0.22 imp gal; 0.26 US gal) air setiap hari. Ini mengakibatkan kegagalan tanaman makanan dan penyebaran penyakit seperti cirit-birit, mata merah jambu, dan selesema. Kecemasan ini mengakibatkan Presiden Amerika Syarikat mengisytiharkan kecemasan di pulau-pulau. Perisytiharan ini mengaktifkan sokongan daripada agensi kerajaan AS di bawah status \"persatuan bebas\" Republik dengan Amerika Syarikat, yang menyediakan sokongan kemanusiaan dan lain-lain yang penting. <> Apakah bahagian Kepulauan Marshall mengalami kemarau pada tahun 2013? || pulau utara <> Berapa ramai orang yang dilanda kemarau pada tahun 2013? || 6,000 <> Di kawasan-kawasan yang dilanda kemarau, berapa banyak air yang dimakan penduduk setiap hari? || 1 <> Bersama dengan mata merah jambu dan influenza, apa masalah kesihatan yang lain disebabkan oleh kemarau itu? || cirit-birit Apa rasmi mengisytiharkan keadaan kecemasan di Kepulauan Marshall sebagai tindak balas terhadap kemarau itu? || Presiden Amerika Syarikat", {"qas": [{"question": "What part of the Marshall Islands experienced drought in 2013?", "id": "56f95f3a9e9bad19000a08ad", "answers": [{"text": "the northern atolls", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were stricken by drought in 2013?", "id": "56f95f3a9e9bad19000a08ae", "answers": [{"text": "6,000", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the drought stricken areas, how many litres of water did residents consume each day?", "id": "56f95f3a9e9bad19000a08af", "answers": [{"text": "1", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with pink eye and influenza, what other health issue was caused by the drought?", "id": "56f95f3a9e9bad19000a08b0", "answers": [{"text": "diarrhea", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What official declared a state of emergency in the Marshall Islands in response to the drought?", "id": "56f95f3a9e9bad19000a08b1", "answers": [{"text": "the United States President", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2013, the northern atolls of the Marshall Islands experienced drought. The drought left 6,000 people surviving on less than 1 litre (0.22 imp gal; 0.26 US gal) of water per day. This resulted in the failure of food crops and the spread of diseases such as diarrhea, pink eye, and influenza. These emergencies resulted in the United States President declaring an emergency in the islands. This declaration activated support from US government agencies under the Republic's \"free association\" status with the United States, which provides humanitarian and other vital support."}], ["Pada tahun-tahun awal Perang Dingin dari 1946 hingga 1958, Amerika Syarikat menguji 67 senjata nuklear di Pacific Proving Grounds yang terletak di Kepulauan Marshall, termasuk ujian nuklear atmosfera terbesar yang pernah dilakukan oleh A.S., kod bernama Castle Bravo. \"Bom mempunyai jumlah hasil sebanyak 108,496 kiloton, melebihi 7,200 kali lebih kuat daripada senjata atom yang digunakan semasa Perang Dunia II.\" Dengan ujian 1952 bom hidrogen A.S. pertama, kod bernama \"Ivy Mike,\" pulau Elugelab di Atol Enewetak telah musnah. Pada tahun 1956, Amerika Syarikat Komisi Tenaga Atom menganggap Kepulauan Marshall sebagai \"setakat ini tempat yang paling tercemar di dunia.\" <> Pada tahun apakah Perang Dingin bermula? || 1946 <> Berapa banyak senjata nuklear diuji di Kepulauan Marshall antara 1946 dan 1958? || 67 <> Apa nama ujian nuklear atmosfera Amerika Syarikat yang terbesar? || Castle Bravo <> Apa hasil bom Castle Bravo dalam kiloton? || 108,496 <> Manakah di Kepulauan Marshall dimusnahkan dalam ujian bom hidrogen Amerika Syarikat? || Elugelab", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the Cold War begin?", "id": "56f95da19b226e1400dd13c2", "answers": [{"text": "1946", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many nuclear weapons were tested in the Marshall Islands between 1946 and 1958?", "id": "56f95da19b226e1400dd13c3", "answers": [{"text": "67", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the United States' largest atmospheric nuclear test?", "id": "56f95da19b226e1400dd13c4", "answers": [{"text": "Castle Bravo", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the yield of the Castle Bravo bombs in kilotons?", "id": "56f95da19b226e1400dd13c5", "answers": [{"text": "108,496", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of the Marshall Islands was destroyed in a United States hydrogen bomb test?", "id": "56f95da19b226e1400dd13c6", "answers": [{"text": "Elugelab", "answer_start": 487}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the early years of the Cold War from 1946 to 1958, the United States tested 67 nuclear weapons at its Pacific Proving Grounds located in the Marshall Islands, including the largest atmospheric nuclear test ever conducted by the U.S., code named Castle Bravo. \"The bombs had a total yield of 108,496 kilotons, over 7,200 times more powerful than the atomic weapons used during World War II.\" With the 1952 test of the first U.S. hydrogen bomb, code named \"Ivy Mike,\" the island of Elugelab in the Enewetak atoll was destroyed. In 1956, the United States Atomic Energy Commission regarded the Marshall Islands as \"by far the most contaminated place in the world.\""}], ["Kepulauan Marshall juga menuntut Wake Island. Walaupun Wake telah ditadbir oleh Amerika Syarikat sejak 1899, kerajaan Marshall merujuknya dengan nama Enen-kio. <> Apa pulau yang menuntut Kepulauan Marshall? || Wake Island <> Siapa yang mengendalikan Wake Island? || Amerika Syarikat <> Pada tahun apakah AS mengawal Wake Island? || 1899 <> Apakah kerajaan Marshall Kepulauan memanggil Wake Island? || Enen-kio", {"qas": [{"question": "What island do the Marshall Islands claim?", "id": "56f966c39b226e1400dd1402", "answers": [{"text": "Wake Island", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who controls Wake Island?", "id": "56f966c39b226e1400dd1403", "answers": [{"text": "the United States", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the US take control of Wake Island?", "id": "56f966c39b226e1400dd1404", "answers": [{"text": "1899", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the Marshall Islands government call Wake Island?", "id": "56f966c39b226e1400dd1405", "answers": [{"text": "Enen-kio", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Marshall Islands also lays claim to Wake Island. While Wake has been administered by the United States since 1899, the Marshallese government refers to it by the name Enen-kio."}], ["The Compact of Free Association dengan Amerika Syarikat memberikan tanggungjawab tunggal AS untuk pertahanan antarabangsa Kepulauan Marshall. Ia membolehkan penduduk pulau hidup dan bekerja di Amerika Syarikat dan mewujudkan program bantuan ekonomi dan teknikal. <> Dokumen apa yang mentadbir pertahanan Kepulauan Marshall? || Kompak Persatuan Percuma <> Negara mana yang bertanggungjawab untuk mempertahankan Kepulauan Marshall? || A.S. <> Bersama dengan bantuan ekonomi, apakah bantuan yang diberikan oleh Compact Free Association? || bantuan teknikal", {"qas": [{"question": "What document governs the defense of the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f963d79e9bad19000a08b7", "answers": [{"text": "Compact of Free Association", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nation is responsible for the defense of the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f963d79e9bad19000a08b8", "answers": [{"text": "the U.S.", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with economic aid, what assistance does the Compact of Free Association provide?", "id": "56f963d79e9bad19000a08b9", "answers": [{"text": "technical aid", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Compact of Free Association with the United States gives the U.S. sole responsibility for international defense of the Marshall Islands. It allows islanders to live and work in the United States and establishes economic and technical aid programs."}], ["Penduduk telah melebihi bekalan air tawar, biasanya dari hujan. Atoll utara mendapat 50 inci (1,300 mm) hujan setiap tahun; atolls selatan kira-kira dua kali itu. Ancaman kemarau adalah perkara biasa di seluruh rantaian pulau. <> Berapa banyak milimeter hujan yang menerima atoll utara Kepulauan Marshall? || 1,300 <> Apa sumber utama air tawar untuk Kepulauan Marshall? || hujan <> Apakah Kepulauan Marshall sering terancam? || kemarau <> Berapakah hujan yang lebih tinggi daripada atoll selatan berbanding dengan utara? || dua kali", {"qas": [{"question": "How many millimeters of rain do the northern atolls of the Marshall Islands receive?", "id": "56f969499b226e1400dd1412", "answers": [{"text": "1,300", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the main source of fresh water for the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f969499b226e1400dd1413", "answers": [{"text": "rainfall", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Marshall Islands often threatened with?", "id": "56f969499b226e1400dd1414", "answers": [{"text": "drought", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much more rain do the southern atolls get compared to the northern?", "id": "56f969499b226e1400dd1415", "answers": [{"text": "twice", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Population has outstripped the supply of freshwater, usually from rainfall. The northern atolls get 50 inches (1,300 mm) of rainfall annually; the southern atolls about twice that. The threat of drought is commonplace throughout the island chains."}], ["Oleh kerana ketinggiannya yang sangat rendah, Kepulauan Marshall diancam oleh kesan berpotensi kenaikan paras laut. Menurut Presiden Nauru, Kepulauan Marshall adalah negara yang paling terancam di dunia akibat banjir dari perubahan iklim. <> Ciri-ciri apa yang membuat Marshalls terdedah kepada bahaya akibat naiknya paras laut? || ketinggiannya yang sangat rendah <> Yang mengatakan bahawa Marshalls adalah negara yang paling terancam di dunia? || presiden Nauru <> Mengapa Kepulauan Marshall merupakan negara yang paling terancam di Bumi? || banjir dari perubahan iklim", {"qas": [{"question": "What feature makes the Marshalls susceptible to harm due to rising sea levels?", "id": "56f968f09e9bad19000a08e1", "answers": [{"text": "its very low elevation", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said that the Marshalls are the most endangered nation in the world?", "id": "56f968f09e9bad19000a08e2", "answers": [{"text": "the president of Nauru", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why are the Marshall Islands the most endangered nation on Earth?", "id": "56f968f09e9bad19000a08e3", "answers": [{"text": "flooding from climate change", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Due to its very low elevation, the Marshall Islands are threatened by the potential effects of sea level rise. According to the president of Nauru, the Marshall Islands are the most endangered nation in the world due to flooding from climate change."}], ["Iklim adalah panas dan lembap, dengan musim hujan dari Mei hingga November. Banyak taufan Pasifik bermula sebagai ribut tropika di rantau Kepulauan Marshall, dan semakin kuat ketika mereka bergerak ke arah barat ke Kepulauan Mariana dan Filipina. <> Bilakah musim hujan di Marshalls bermula? || May <> Dalam bulan apakah Kepulauan Marshall berakhir musim hujan? || November <> Typhoons kadang-kadang bermula seperti apa acara di Marshalls? || ribut tropika <> Bersama dengan Marianas, di mana timbul taufan yang bermula di Marshalls? || Filipina", {"qas": [{"question": "When does the wet season in the Marshalls begin?", "id": "56f968419b226e1400dd140a", "answers": [{"text": "May", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month does the Marshall Islands wet season end?", "id": "56f968419b226e1400dd140b", "answers": [{"text": "November", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Typhoons sometimes begin as what whether event in the Marshalls?", "id": "56f968419b226e1400dd140c", "answers": [{"text": "tropical storms", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Marianas, where do typhoons that begin in the Marshalls sometimes terminate?", "id": "56f968419b226e1400dd140d", "answers": [{"text": "the Philippines", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The climate is hot and humid, with a wet season from May to November. Many Pacific typhoons begin as tropical storms in the Marshall Islands region, and grow stronger as they move west toward the Mariana Islands and the Philippines."}], ["Pada bulan Oktober 2011, kerajaan mengisytiharkan bahawa kawasan yang meliputi hampir 2,000,000 kilometer persegi (772,000 meter persegi) lautan akan dikhaskan sebagai tempat perlindungan jerung. Ini adalah tempat perlindungan jerung terbesar di dunia, memanjangkan kawasan lautan di seluruh dunia di mana jerung dilindungi dari 2,700,000 hingga 4,600,000 kilometer persegi (1,042,000 hingga 1,776,000 meter persegi). Di perairan yang dilindungi, semua ikan hiu dilarang dan semua tangkapan ikan harus dibebaskan. Walau bagaimanapun, ada yang mempersoalkan keupayaan Kepulauan Marshall untuk menguatkuasakan zon ini. <> Berapa besar kawasan perlindungan jerung Kepulauan Marshall di batu persegi? || 772,000 <> Dalam bulan dan tahun apakah Kepulauan Marshall mengisytiharkan tempat perlindungan jerung terbesar di dunia? || Oktober 2011 <> Dalam berapa batu persegi lautan di seluruh dunia adalah jerung dilindungi? || 1,776,000 <> Apa yang dilarang di tempat perlindungan jerung? || memancing ikan hiu", {"qas": [{"question": "How large is the Marshall Islands shark sanctuary in square miles?", "id": "56f9668e9e9bad19000a08cf", "answers": [{"text": "772,000", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month and year did the Marshall Islands declare the largest shark sanctuary in the world?", "id": "56f9668e9e9bad19000a08d0", "answers": [{"text": "October 2011", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In how many square miles of ocean around the world are sharks protected?", "id": "56f9668e9e9bad19000a08d1", "answers": [{"text": "1,776,000", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is forbidden in shark sanctuaries?", "id": "56f9668e9e9bad19000a08d2", "answers": [{"text": "shark fishing", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In October 2011, the government declared that an area covering nearly 2,000,000 square kilometres (772,000 sq mi) of ocean shall be reserved as a shark sanctuary. This is the world's largest shark sanctuary, extending the worldwide ocean area in which sharks are protected from 2,700,000 to 4,600,000 square kilometres (1,042,000 to 1,776,000 sq mi). In protected waters, all shark fishing is banned and all by-catch must be released. However, some have questioned the ability of the Marshall Islands to enforce this zone."}], ["Pulau-pulau ini terletak kira-kira separuh antara Hawaii dan Australia, utara Nauru dan Kiribati, timur Negara Persekutuan Mikronesia, dan selatan wilayah A.S. Wake Island, yang mana ia dipertikaikan. Atolls dan pulau-pulau membentuk dua kumpulan: Ratak (matahari terbit) dan Ralik (matahari terbenam). Dua rantaian pulau terletak kira-kira selari dengan satu sama lain, berjalan dari barat laut ke tenggara, yang terdiri daripada kira-kira 750,000 batu persegi (1,900,000 km2) lautan tetapi hanya sekitar 70 kilometer persegi (180 km2) jisim tanah. Setiap termasuk 15 hingga 18 pulau dan atolls. Negara ini terdiri daripada 29 pulau dan lima pulau terpencil. <> Negara mana yang terletak di barat Kepulauan Marshall? || Negara Bersekutu Mikronesia <> Apa wilayah Amerika Syarikat yang menuntut pihak Marshall Islands? || Wake Island <> Berapa banyak kilometer persegi lautan yang dimiliki Kepulauan Marshall? || 1,900,000 <> Berapa banyak kilometer persegi tanah yang dimiliki Kepulauan Marshall? || 180 <> Berapa banyak atolls adalah sebahagian daripada Kepulauan Marshall? || 29", {"qas": [{"question": "What nation lies to the west of the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f965fc9b226e1400dd13f8", "answers": [{"text": "the Federated States of Micronesia", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What United States territory does the Marshall Islands claim?", "id": "56f965fc9b226e1400dd13f9", "answers": [{"text": "Wake Island", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many square kilometers of ocean do the Marshall Islands cover?", "id": "56f965fc9b226e1400dd13fa", "answers": [{"text": "1,900,000", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many square kilometers of land do the Marshall Islands cover?", "id": "56f965fc9b226e1400dd13fb", "answers": [{"text": "180", "answer_start": 489}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many atolls are part of the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f965fc9b226e1400dd13fc", "answers": [{"text": "29", "answer_start": 590}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The islands are located about halfway between Hawaii and Australia, north of Nauru and Kiribati, east of the Federated States of Micronesia, and south of the U.S. territory of Wake Island, to which it lays claim. The atolls and islands form two groups: the Ratak (sunrise) and the Ralik (sunset). The two island chains lie approximately parallel to one another, running northwest to southeast, comprising about 750,000 square miles (1,900,000 km2) of ocean but only about 70 square miles (180 km2) of land mass. Each includes 15 to 18 islands and atolls. The country consists of a total of 29 atolls and five isolated islands."}], ["Kepulauan Marshall telah dimasukkan ke Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu berdasarkan cadangan Majlis Keselamatan pada 9 Ogos 1991, dalam Resolusi 704 dan persetujuan Perhimpunan Agung pada 17 September 1991, dalam Resolusi 46/3. Dalam politik antarabangsa di dalam Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu, Kepulauan Marshall sering memilih secara konsisten dengan Amerika Syarikat berkenaan resolusi Perhimpunan Agung. <> Bilakah Majlis Keselamatan PBB mengesyorkan agar Kepulauan Marshall dibenarkan menyertai PBB? || 9 Ogos 1991 <> Bilakah Perhimpunan Agung PBB meluluskan Kepulauan Marshall menyertai PBB? || 17 September 1991 <> Negara apakah Kepulauan Marshall mengundi sama seperti di Perhimpunan Agung? || Amerika Syarikat <> Resolusi Majlis Keselamatan apa yang mencadangkan agar Kepulauan Marshall dibenarkan untuk menyertai PBB? || Resolusi 704", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the UN Security Council recommend that the Marshall Islands be allowed to join the UN?", "id": "56f964559e9bad19000a08bd", "answers": [{"text": "August 9, 1991", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the UN General Assembly approve the Marshall Islands joining the UN?", "id": "56f964559e9bad19000a08be", "answers": [{"text": "September 17, 1991", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nation does the Marshall Islands vote similarly to in the General Assembly?", "id": "56f964559e9bad19000a08bf", "answers": [{"text": "the United States", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Security Council Resolution recommended that the Marshall Islands be allowed to join the UN?", "id": "56f964559e9bad19000a08c0", "answers": [{"text": "Resolution 704", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Marshall Islands was admitted to the United Nations based on the Security Council's recommendation on August 9, 1991, in Resolution 704 and the General Assembly's approval on September 17, 1991, in Resolution 46/3. In international politics within the United Nations, the Marshall Islands has often voted consistently with the United States with respect to General Assembly resolutions."}], ["Kuasa perundangan terletak pada Nitijela. Dewan Parlimen, yang dipanggil Majlis Iroij, adalah badan penasihat yang terdiri daripada dua belas ketua suku. Cabang eksekutif terdiri daripada Presiden dan Kabinet Presiden, yang terdiri dari sepuluh menteri yang dilantik oleh Presiden dengan persetujuan Nitijela. Dua puluh empat daerah pilihan raya di mana negara dibahagikan sesuai dengan pulau-pulau dan atolls yang didiami. Pada masa ini terdapat empat parti politik di Kepulauan Marshall: Aelon\u0304 Kein Ad (AKA), Parti Rakyat Bersatu (UPP), Kien Eo Am (KEA) dan Parti Demokratik Bersatu (UDP). Peraturan dikongsi oleh AKA dan UDP. Senator berikut adalah dalam badan perundangan: <> Apa nama rumah besar Parlimen Kepulauan Marshall? || Majlis Iroij <> Yang terdiri daripada rumah besar Parlimen Kepulauan Marshall? || dua belas ketua puak <> Berapa banyak menteri dalam Kabinet Presiden? || sepuluh <> Bersama dengan Parti Demokratik Amerika, apa partai yang memerintah Kepulauan Marshall? || AKA <> Berapa banyak daerah pemilihan wujud di Kepulauan Marshall? || dua puluh empat", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the upper house of the Marshall Islands Parliament?", "id": "56f961049b226e1400dd13e8", "answers": [{"text": "the Council of Iroij", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who comprises the upper house of the Marshall Islands Parliament?", "id": "56f961049b226e1400dd13e9", "answers": [{"text": "twelve tribal chiefs", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many ministers are in the Presidential Cabinet?", "id": "56f961049b226e1400dd13ea", "answers": [{"text": "ten", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the United Democratic Party, what party currently rules the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f961049b226e1400dd13eb", "answers": [{"text": "the AKA", "answer_start": 633}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many electoral districts exist in the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f961049b226e1400dd13ec", "answers": [{"text": "twenty-four", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Legislative power lies with the Nitijela. The upper house of Parliament, called the Council of Iroij, is an advisory body comprising twelve tribal chiefs. The executive branch consists of the President and the Presidential Cabinet, which consists of ten ministers appointed by the President with the approval of the Nitijela. The twenty-four electoral districts into which the country is divided correspond to the inhabited islands and atolls. There are currently four political parties in the Marshall Islands: Aelon\u0304 Kein Ad (AKA), United People's Party (UPP), Kien Eo Am (KEA) and United Democratic Party (UDP). Rule is shared by the AKA and the UDP. The following senators are in the legislative body:"}], ["Pada 28 April 2015, tentera laut Iran merampas Marshall Island-flagged MV Maersk Tigris berhampiran Selat Hormuz. Kapal itu telah disewa oleh Pengurusan Rickmers Ship Jerman, yang menyatakan bahawa kapal itu tidak mempunyai kargo khusus dan tidak ada senjata ketenteraan. Kapal dilaporkan berada di bawah kawalan Pengawal Revolusi Iran menurut Pentagon. Ketegangan yang berlaku di rantau ini disebabkan oleh peningkatan serangan gabungan gabungan di Yaman. Pentagon melaporkan bahawa pemusnah pesawat USS Farragut dan pesawat pengintai maritim dihantar selepas menerima panggilan kecemasan dari kapal Tigris dan juga dilaporkan bahawa kesemua 34 anak kapal ditahan. Pegawai pertahanan AS mengatakan bahawa mereka akan mengkaji semula kewajipan pertahanan A.S. kepada Kerajaan Kepulauan Marshall berikutan kejadian baru-baru ini dan juga mengutuk tembakan yang dipecat di jambatan sebagai \"tidak sesuai\". Ia dilaporkan pada bulan Mei 2015 bahawa Tehran akan melepaskan kapal selepas ia membayar penalti. <> Pada tarikh apakah Angkatan Laut Iran menangkap kapal Kepulauan Marshall? || 28 April 2015 <> Apakah nama kapal Kepulauan Marshall yang dirampas oleh Iran? || MV Maersk Tigris <> Siapa yang menyewa kapal Kepulauan Marshall yang ditangkap? || Pengurusan Kapal Rickmers <> Berapa ramai anggota krew di MV Maersk Tigris? || 34 <> Berhampiran dengan apa air yang ditangkap Maersk Tigris? || Selat Hormuz", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date did the Iranian Navy capture a Marshall Islands ship?", "id": "56f964d89e9bad19000a08c5", "answers": [{"text": "28 April 2015", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the Marshall Islands ship seized by Iran?", "id": "56f964d89e9bad19000a08c6", "answers": [{"text": "MV Maersk Tigris", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who chartered the captured Marshall Islands ship?", "id": "56f964d89e9bad19000a08c7", "answers": [{"text": "Rickmers Ship Management", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many crew members were on the MV Maersk Tigris?", "id": "56f964d89e9bad19000a08c8", "answers": [{"text": "34", "answer_start": 662}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Near what body of water was the Maersk Tigris seized?", "id": "56f964d89e9bad19000a08c9", "answers": [{"text": "the Strait of Hormuz", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 28 April 2015, the Iranian navy seized the Marshall Island-flagged MV Maersk Tigris near the Strait of Hormuz. The ship had been chartered by Germany's Rickmers Ship Management, which stated that the ship contained no special cargo and no military weapons. The ship was reported to be under the control of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard according to the Pentagon. Tensions escallated in the region due to the intensifying of Saudi-led coalition attacks in Yemen. The Pentagon reported that the destroyer USS Farragut and a maritime reconnaissance aircraft were dispatched upon receiving a distress call from the ship Tigris and it was also reported that all 34 crew members were detained. US defense officials have said that they would review U.S. defense obligations to the Government of the Marshall Islands in the wake of recent events and also condemned the shots fired at the bridge as \"inappropriate\". It was reported in May 2015 that Tehran would release the ship after it paid a penalty."}], ["Pengeluaran pertanian tertumpu pada ladang kecil. [Rujukan?] Tanaman komersial yang paling penting ialah kelapa, tomato, tembikai, dan sukun. || sukatan roti <> Di mana pengeluaran pertanian paling banyak berlaku? || ladang kecil", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with coconuts, tomatoes and melons, what crops are notably grown in the Marshalls?", "id": "56f96aca9e9bad19000a08f5", "answers": [{"text": "breadfruit", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does most agricultural production take place?", "id": "56f96aca9e9bad19000a08f6", "answers": [{"text": "small farms", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Agricultural production is concentrated on small farms.[citation needed] The most important commercial crops are coconuts, tomatoes, melons, and breadfruit.[citation needed]"}], ["Kementerian Pendidikan (Kepulauan Marshall) mengendalikan sekolah negeri di Kepulauan Marshall. Terdapat dua institusi pengajian tinggi yang beroperasi di Kepulauan Marshall, Kolej Kepulauan Marshall dan Universiti Pasifik Selatan. <> Badan apa yang mengendalikan sekolah negeri di Kepulauan Marshall? || Kementerian Pendidikan (Kepulauan Marshall) <> Bersama dengan Universiti Pasifik Selatan, apakah institusi pengajian tinggi yang ada di Kepulauan Marshall? || Kolej Kepulauan Marshall", {"qas": [{"question": "What body operates the state schools in the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f9776f9e9bad19000a096f", "answers": [{"text": "Ministry of Education (Marshall Islands)", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the University of the South Pacific, what tertiary education institution exists in the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f9776f9e9bad19000a0970", "answers": [{"text": "College of the Marshall Islands", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Ministry of Education (Marshall Islands) operates the state schools in the Marshall Islands. There are two tertiary institutions operating in the Marshall Islands, the College of the Marshall Islands and the University of the South Pacific."}], ["Tentera Amerika Syarikat mengekalkan Tapak Pertahanan Rudal Pertahanan Ronald Reagan di Kwajalein Atoll. Pemilik tanah Marshall menerima sewa untuk pangkalannya. <> Pada apa atol adalah kemudahan ujian peluru berpandu berdasarkan? || Kwajalein Atoll <> Siapakah kemudahan ujian misil yang dinamakan? || Ronald Reagan <> Apakah nama rasmi kemudahan ujian peluru berpandu itu? || Tapak Pertahanan Peluru Rudal Ronald Reagan <> Organisasi apa yang mengendalikan tapak ujian peluru berpandu? || Tentera Amerika Syarikat", {"qas": [{"question": "On what atoll is a missile test facility based?", "id": "56f96a9d9b226e1400dd1424", "answers": [{"text": "Kwajalein Atoll", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the missile test facility named after?", "id": "56f96a9d9b226e1400dd1425", "answers": [{"text": "Ronald Reagan", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the official name of the missile test facility?", "id": "56f96a9d9b226e1400dd1426", "answers": [{"text": "Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization operates the missile test site?", "id": "56f96a9d9b226e1400dd1427", "answers": [{"text": "United States Army", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The United States Army maintains the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site on Kwajalein Atoll. Marshallese land owners receive rent for the base."}], ["Pada tahun 2007, Kepulauan Marshall menyertai Pertubuhan Buruh Antarabangsa, yang bermaksud undang-undang buruhnya akan mematuhi tanda aras antarabangsa. Ini mungkin memberi kesan kepada keadaan perniagaan di pulau-pulau. <> Badan apa yang dimiliki Kepulauan Marshall pada tahun 2007? || Organisasi Buruh Antarabangsa <> Apa arti penting Kepulauan Marshall menyertai Pertubuhan Buruh Antarabangsa? || undang-undang buruhnya akan mematuhi tanda aras antarabangsa <> Apa yang mungkin melihat manfaat daripada Marshalls yang menyertai Pertubuhan Buruh Antarabangsa? || keadaan perniagaan", {"qas": [{"question": "What body did the Marshall Islands join in 2007?", "id": "56f969b89e9bad19000a08e7", "answers": [{"text": "the International Labour Organization", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the significance of the Marshall Islands joining the International Labour Organization?", "id": "56f969b89e9bad19000a08e8", "answers": [{"text": "its labour laws will comply with international benchmarks", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What may see benefits from the Marshalls joining the International Labour Organization?", "id": "56f969b89e9bad19000a08e9", "answers": [{"text": "business conditions", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2007, the Marshall Islands joined the International Labour Organization, which means its labour laws will comply with international benchmarks. This may impact business conditions in the islands."}], ["Kebanyakan penduduk adalah orang Marshall, yang berasal dari Mikronesia dan berpindah dari Asia beberapa ribu tahun lalu. Sebuah minoriti orang Marshall mempunyai beberapa keturunan Asia baru-baru ini, terutamanya Jepun. Kira-kira separuh daripada penduduk negara ini hidup di Majuro, ibukota, dan Ebeye, sebuah pulau yang padat penduduknya. Pulau-pulau luar jarang dipenuhi kerana kekurangan peluang pekerjaan dan pembangunan ekonomi. Kehidupan di atol luaran biasanya bersifat tradisional. <> Apakah etnik kebanyakan penduduk Kepulauan Marshall? || Marshallese <Dari apa benua yang berasal dari orang Marshall? || Asia <> Seberapa kecil penduduknya hidup di Majuro atau Ebeye? || satu setengah <> Apakah keturunan Asia baru-baru ini melakukan beberapa penduduk Marshall Island? || Jepun <> Dari masa apakah orang Marshall berhijrah dari benua Asia? || beberapa ribu tahun lalu", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the ethnicity of most Marshall Islands residents?", "id": "56f976e69e9bad19000a095b", "answers": [{"text": "Marshallese", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what continent did the Marshallese originate?", "id": "56f976e69e9bad19000a095c", "answers": [{"text": "Asia", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What fraction of the population lives on Majuro or Ebeye?", "id": "56f976e69e9bad19000a095d", "answers": [{"text": "one-half", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What recent Asian ancestry do some Marshall Island residents have?", "id": "56f976e69e9bad19000a095e", "answers": [{"text": "Japanese", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From when did the Marshallese migrate from the Asian continent?", "id": "56f976e69e9bad19000a095f", "answers": [{"text": "several thousand years ago", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Most of the residents are Marshallese, who are of Micronesian origin and migrated from Asia several thousand years ago. A minority of Marshallese have some recent Asian ancestry, mainly Japanese. About one-half of the nation's population lives on Majuro, the capital, and Ebeye, a densely populated island. The outer islands are sparsely populated due to lack of employment opportunities and economic development. Life on the outer atolls is generally traditional."}], ["Angka penduduk sejarah tidak diketahui. Pada tahun 1862, penduduk dianggarkan sekitar 10,000 orang. Pada tahun 1960, seluruh penduduk adalah kira-kira 15,000. Pada bulan Julai 2011, bilangan penduduk pulau dianggarkan berjumlah kira-kira 72,191. Lebih dua pertiga daripada penduduk tinggal di ibu kota, Majuro dan Ebeye, pusat bandar menengah, yang terletak di Kwajalein Atoll. Ini tidak termasuk ramai yang telah berpindah tempat lain, terutamanya ke Amerika Syarikat. The Compact of Free Association membolehkan mereka untuk bebas berpindah ke Amerika Syarikat dan mendapatkan pekerjaan di sana. Kepekatan besar kira-kira 4,300 Pulau Marshall telah berpindah ke Springdale, Arkansas, kepekatan populasi penduduk terbesar di luar rumah pulau mereka. <> Berapa banyak orang yang tinggal di Kepulauan Marshall pada tahun 1862? || 10,000 <> Berapa banyak orang yang tinggal di Kepulauan Marshall pada tahun 1960? || 15,000 <> Sehingga Julai 2011, berapa orang yang menetap di Kepulauan Marshall? || 72,191 <> Di mana atoll adalah Ebeye terletak? || Atol Kwajalein <> Berapa bandar yang menjadi tuan rumah terbesar Kepulauan Marshall di luar Kepulauan Marshall? || Springdale, Arkansas", {"qas": [{"question": "About how many people lived in the Marshall Islands in 1862?", "id": "56f975da9e9bad19000a0949", "answers": [{"text": "10,000", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people lived in the Marshall Islands in 1960?", "id": "56f975da9e9bad19000a094a", "answers": [{"text": "15,000", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of July 2011, how many people resided on the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f975da9e9bad19000a094b", "answers": [{"text": "72,191", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what atoll is Ebeye located?", "id": "56f975da9e9bad19000a094c", "answers": [{"text": "Kwajalein Atoll", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What town hosts the largest number of Marshall Islanders outside the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f975da9e9bad19000a094d", "answers": [{"text": "Springdale, Arkansas", "answer_start": 621}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Historical population figures are unknown. In 1862, the population was estimated at about 10,000. In 1960, the entire population was about 15,000. In July 2011, the number of island residents was estimated to number about 72,191. Over two-thirds of the population live in the capital, Majuro and Ebeye, the secondary urban center, located in Kwajalein Atoll. This excludes many who have relocated elsewhere, primarily to the United States. The Compact of Free Association allows them to freely relocate to the United States and obtain work there. A large concentration of about 4,300 Marshall Islanders have relocated to Springdale, Arkansas, the largest population concentration of natives outside their island home."}], ["Bantuan kerajaan Amerika Syarikat adalah tulang belakang ekonomi. Di bawah terma Persatuan Percuma Persatuan yang Dipinda, AS komited untuk menyediakan bantuan bernilai US $ 57.7 juta setahun ke Kepulauan Marshall (RMI) hingga 2013, dan kemudian US $ 62.7 juta melalui 2023, yang mana pada masa itu dana amanah, dibuat daripada sumbangan AS dan RMI, akan memulakan pembayaran tahunan yang berterusan. <> Berapa banyak wang yang diterima Kepulauan Marshall setiap tahun dari Amerika Syarikat sehingga 2013? || US $ 57.7 juta <> Berapa banyak wang yang akan diberikan oleh Amerika Syarikat ke Kepulauan Marshal setiap tahun sehingga 2023? || US $ 62.7 juta <> Dokumen apa yang mentakrifkan berapa banyak wang yang dipindahkan dari Amerika Syarikat ke Kepulauan Marshall? || Persetujuan Percuma Persatuan Percuma <> Apa yang akan ditetapkan pada tahun 2023? || dana amanah", {"qas": [{"question": "How much money did the Marshall Islands receive yearly from the United States until 2013?", "id": "56f96a3c9e9bad19000a08ed", "answers": [{"text": "US$57.7 million", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money will the United States give the Marshal Islands every year until 2023?", "id": "56f96a3c9e9bad19000a08ee", "answers": [{"text": "US$62.7 million", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What document defines how much money is transferred from the United States to the Marshall Islands?", "id": "56f96a3c9e9bad19000a08ef", "answers": [{"text": "the Amended Compact of Free Association", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What will be established in 2023?", "id": "56f96a3c9e9bad19000a08f0", "answers": [{"text": "a trust fund", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "United States government assistance is the mainstay of the economy. Under terms of the Amended Compact of Free Association, the U.S. is committed to provide US$57.7 million per year in assistance to the Marshall Islands (RMI) through 2013, and then US$62.7 million through 2023, at which time a trust fund, made up of U.S. and RMI contributions, will begin perpetual annual payouts."}], ["Pada tahun 1999, sebuah syarikat swasta membina loji tuna loining dengan lebih daripada 400 pekerja, kebanyakannya wanita. Tetapi kilangnya ditutup pada tahun 2005 selepas percubaan gagal untuk menukarnya untuk menghasilkan steak tuna, satu proses yang memerlukan separuh daripada pekerja. Kos operasi melebihi pendapatan, dan pemilik loji cuba bergaul dengan kerajaan untuk mencegah penutupan. Tetapi para pegawai kerajaan secara peribadi berminat dalam kepentingan ekonomi di kilang itu enggan membantu. Selepas kilang itu ditutup, ia telah diambil alih oleh kerajaan, yang telah menjadi penjamin pinjaman $ 2 juta untuk perniagaan. [Rujukan?] <> Pada tahun apakah tumbuhan loji tuna dibina? || 1999 <> Berapa banyak orang yang bekerja di kilang tuna yang melepak? || 400 <> Dalam tahun apakah tumbuhan tuna gantung ditutup? || 2005 <> Sebelum ia dimatikan, apakah tanaman tuna gulung yang cuba dihasilkan? || steak tuna <> Berapakah jumlah pinjaman untuk tumbuhan tuna yang ditanggung oleh kerajaan Kepulauan Marshall? || $ 2 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was a tuna loining plant constructed?", "id": "56f96f929b226e1400dd144a", "answers": [{"text": "1999", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people worked at the tuna loining plant?", "id": "56f96f929b226e1400dd144b", "answers": [{"text": "400", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the tuna loining plant shut down?", "id": "56f96f929b226e1400dd144c", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Before it shut down, what was the tuna loining plant attempting to produce?", "id": "56f96f929b226e1400dd144d", "answers": [{"text": "tuna steaks", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the amount of the loan to the tuna loining plant that the Marshall Islands government was responsible for?", "id": "56f96f929b226e1400dd144e", "answers": [{"text": "$2 million", "answer_start": 543}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1999, a private company built a tuna loining plant with more than 400 employees, mostly women. But the plant closed in 2005 after a failed attempt to convert it to produce tuna steaks, a process that requires half as many employees. Operating costs exceeded revenue, and the plant's owners tried to partner with the government to prevent closure. But government officials personally interested in an economic stake in the plant refused to help. After the plant closed, it was taken over by the government, which had been the guarantor of a $2 million loan to the business.[citation needed]"}], ["Kumpulan agama utama di Kepulauan Marshall termasuk United Church of Christ (dahulu Kongregasional), dengan 51.5% penduduk; Majlis Perhimpunan Tuhan, 24.2%; Gereja Roman Katolik, 8.4%; dan Gereja Yesus Kristus Orang Suci Zaman Akhir (Mormons), 8.3%; Juga diwakili adalah Bukot Nan Jesus (juga dikenali sebagai Perhimpunan Tuhan Bahagian Dua), 2.2%; Baptist, 1.0%; Adventist Hari Ketujuh, 0.9%; Injil Penuh, 0.7%; dan Kepercayaan Baha'i, 0.6%; Orang tanpa apa-apa akaun gabungan agama untuk peratusan penduduk yang sangat kecil. Terdapat juga komuniti kecil Muslim Ahmadiyah yang berpusat di Majuro, dengan pembukaan masjid pertama di ibu negara pada bulan September 2012. <> Apakah nama sebelumnya Gereja United Kristus? || Congregational <> Berapa peratus daripada penduduk Kepulauan Marshall yang berada di Sidang Tuhan? || 24.2% <> Berapa peratus penduduk Marshall Islands adalah Mormons? || 8.3% <> Berapa peratus penyembahan penduduk Marshall di Dewan Allah Bahagian Dua? || 2.2% <> Bilakah masjid pertama di Majuro dibuka? || September 2012", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the previous name of the United Church of Christ?", "id": "56f977339e9bad19000a0965", "answers": [{"text": "Congregational", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Marshall Islanders belong to the Assemblies of God?", "id": "56f977339e9bad19000a0966", "answers": [{"text": "24.2%", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Marshall Islands residents are Mormons?", "id": "56f977339e9bad19000a0967", "answers": [{"text": "8.3%", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Marshall Islanders worship at the Assembly of God Part Two?", "id": "56f977339e9bad19000a0968", "answers": [{"text": "2.2%", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the first mosque in Majuro open?", "id": "56f977339e9bad19000a0969", "answers": [{"text": "September 2012", "answer_start": 680}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Major religious groups in the Republic of the Marshall Islands include the United Church of Christ (formerly Congregational), with 51.5% of the population; the Assemblies of God, 24.2%; the Roman Catholic Church, 8.4%; and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), 8.3%; Also represented are Bukot Nan Jesus (also known as Assembly of God Part Two), 2.2%; Baptist, 1.0%; Seventh-day Adventists, 0.9%; Full Gospel, 0.7%; and the Baha'i Faith, 0.6%; Persons without any religious affiliation account for a very small percentage of the population. There is also a small community of Ahmadiyya Muslims based in Majuro, with the first mosque opening in the capital in September 2012."}], ["Pada 15 September 2007, Witon Barry (daripada loji pemprosesan Tobola Copra di ibu negara Kepulauan Marshall Majuro) berkata pihak berkuasa kuasa, syarikat swasta dan usahawan telah bereksperimen dengan minyak kelapa sebagai alternatif kepada bahan api diesel untuk kenderaan, penjana kuasa, dan kapal. Pokok kelapa berlimpah di kepulauan tropika di Pasifik. Copra, daging kelapa, menghasilkan minyak kelapa (1 liter untuk setiap 6 hingga 10 kelapa). Pada tahun 2009, sebuah kilang kuasa solar 57 kW dipasang, yang terbesar di Pasifik pada masa itu, termasuk New Zealand. Dianggarkan 330 kW solar dan 450 kW kuasa angin diperlukan untuk menjadikan Tenaga Kolej Kepulauan Marshall mandiri. Syarikat Marshalls Energy (MEC), sebuah entiti kerajaan, menyediakan pulau-pulau dengan elektrik. Pada tahun 2008, 420 sistem rumah solar sebanyak 200 Wp masing-masing dipasang di Ailinglaplap Atoll, mencukupi untuk kegunaan elektrik yang terhad. <> Siapa yang bekerja Witon Barry? || kilang pemprosesan Tobolar Copra <> Di manakah kilang Tobolar Copra terletak? || Majuro <> Apakah kopra? || daging kelapa <> Berapa banyak kelapa yang diperlukan untuk menghasilkan 1 liter minyak kelapa? || 6 hingga 10 <> Berapa banyak kuasa kilowatt dihasilkan oleh kilang suria yang dibina pada tahun 2009? || 57", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did Witon Barry work for?", "id": "56f970019b226e1400dd145c", "answers": [{"text": "the Tobolar Copra processing plant", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Tobolar Copra plant located?", "id": "56f970019b226e1400dd145d", "answers": [{"text": "Majuro", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is copra?", "id": "56f970019b226e1400dd145e", "answers": [{"text": "the meat of the coconut", "answer_start": 354}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many coconuts are required to produce 1 liter of coconut oil?", "id": "56f970019b226e1400dd145f", "answers": [{"text": "6 to 10", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many kilowatts of power are produced by the solar plant built in 2009?", "id": "56f970019b226e1400dd1460", "answers": [{"text": "57", "answer_start": 447}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On September 15, 2007, Witon Barry (of the Tobolar Copra processing plant in the Marshall Islands capital of Majuro) said power authorities, private companies, and entrepreneurs had been experimenting with coconut oil as alternative to diesel fuel for vehicles, power generators, and ships. Coconut trees abound in the Pacific's tropical islands. Copra, the meat of the coconut, yields coconut oil (1 liter for every 6 to 10 coconuts). In 2009, a 57 kW solar power plant was installed, the largest in the Pacific at the time, including New Zealand. It is estimated that 330 kW of solar and 450 kW of wind power would be required to make the College of the Marshall Islands energy self-sufficient. Marshalls Energy Company (MEC), a government entity, provides the islands with electricity. In 2008, 420 solar home systems of 200 Wp each were installed on Ailinglaplap Atoll, sufficient for limited electricity use."}], ["Kepulauan Marshall dilayani oleh Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Marshall Islands di Majuro, Bucholz Army Airfield di Kwajalein, dan lapangan terbang kecil dan lapangan terbang lain. <> Di mana terletaknya Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Marshall Islands? || Majuro <> Lapangan terbang apa yang beroperasi di Kwajalein? || Bucholz Army Airfield", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the Marshall Islands International Airport located?", "id": "56f977939b226e1400dd1480", "answers": [{"text": "Majuro", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What airfield operates in Kwajalein?", "id": "56f977939b226e1400dd1481", "answers": [{"text": "Bucholz Army Airfield", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Marshall Islands are served by the Marshall Islands International Airport in Majuro, the Bucholz Army Airfield in Kwajalein, and other small airports and airstrips."}]], [["Pandangan bahawa semua orang bangsawan Poland bersamaan sosial, tanpa mengira kedudukan kewangan atau pejabat mereka yang dipegang, termaktub dalam pepatah tradisional Poland: <> Apakah tanggapan bagi semua bangsawan polish? || sosial sama <> Apa yang dikatakan kaum etnik dari ini? || Kata Poland kata <> Adakah ia penting berapa banyak wang seseorang terpaksa menggilap bangsawan? || tanpa mengira status kewangan mereka", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the notion for all polish nobles?", "id": "56f7c511aef2371900625be5", "answers": [{"text": "social equals", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ethnic saying is this traditional from?", "id": "56f7c511aef2371900625be6", "answers": [{"text": "Polish saying", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Did it matter how much money a person had to polish nobles?", "id": "56f7c511aef2371900625be7", "answers": [{"text": "regardless of their financial status", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The notion that all Polish nobles were social equals, regardless of their financial status or offices held, is enshrined in a traditional Polish saying:"}], ["Sesetengah bangsawan Poland yang berkuasa disebut sebagai \"raja\" (Poland tunggal: \"magnat\", jamak: \"magnaci\") dan \"mo\u017cny\" (\"raja\", \"oligarki\"; majmuk \"mozi\"); lihat Magnates of Poland dan Lithuania. <> Apa juga golongan bangsawan Poland yang berkuasa? || magnates <> Apakah versi tunggal dari golongan magnets? || magnat <> Apakah nama lain merujuk kepada golongan bangsawan polish? || mo\u017cny <> Apa versi majmuk mozny? || mo\u017cni <> Apa negara lain selain Poland adalah golongan bangsawan yang paling mungkin dijumpai? || Lithuania", {"qas": [{"question": "What were some powerful Polish nobles referred too?", "id": "56f7c779aef2371900625c09", "answers": [{"text": "magnates", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the singular version of magnates?", "id": "56f7c779aef2371900625c0a", "answers": [{"text": "magnat", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name referring polish nobles?", "id": "56f7c779aef2371900625c0b", "answers": [{"text": "mo\u017cny", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the plural version of mozny?", "id": "56f7c779aef2371900625c0c", "answers": [{"text": "mo\u017cni", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other country  besides Poland were polish nobles most likely found?", "id": "56f7c779aef2371900625c0d", "answers": [{"text": "Lithuania", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some powerful Polish nobles were referred to as \"magnates\" (Polish singular: \"magnat\", plural: \"magnaci\") and \"mo\u017cny\" (\"magnate\", \"oligarch\"; plural: \"mo\u017cni\"); see Magnates of Poland and Lithuania."}], ["Hari ini perkataan szlachta dalam bahasa Poland hanya diterjemahkan kepada \"bangsawan\". Dalam makna yang paling luas, ia juga boleh menggambarkan beberapa kesetiaan kehormatan bukan warisan yang diberikan oleh beberapa raja Eropah. Kadang-kadang, pemilik tanah bukan bangsawan abad ke-19 dirujuk sebagai szlachta dengan ihsan atau kesilapan, ketika mereka memiliki perkebunan manorial walaupun mereka tidak mulia dengan kelahiran. Dalam erti kata sempit, szlachta menandakan kaum bangsawan lama-Komanwel. <> Kata apa perkataan mudah istilah szlachta diterjemahkan juga? || bangsawan <> Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh pemilik tanah bukan mulia? || szlachta <> Mengapa orang bukan bangsawan dan bangsawan disebut sebagai istilah yang sama? || dengan ihsan atau ralat <> Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh szlachta? || bangsawan tua-Komanwel", {"qas": [{"question": "What simple word does the term szlachta translate too?", "id": "56f7ccffaef2371900625c1b", "answers": [{"text": "nobility", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the non noble land owners referred too as?", "id": "56f7ccffaef2371900625c1c", "answers": [{"text": "szlachta", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why were the non nobles and nobles referred as the same term?", "id": "56f7ccffaef2371900625c1d", "answers": [{"text": "by courtesy or error", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does szlachta mainly denote?", "id": "56f7ccffaef2371900625c1e", "answers": [{"text": "old-Commonwealth nobility", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Today the word szlachta in the Polish language simply translates to \"nobility\". In its broadest meaning, it can also denote some non-hereditary honorary knighthoods granted today by some European monarchs. Occasionally, 19th-century non-noble landowners were referred to as szlachta by courtesy or error, when they owned manorial estates though they were not noble by birth. In the narrow sense, szlachta denotes the old-Commonwealth nobility."}], ["Istilah Poland \"szlachta\" menamakan kelas mulia, kelas bangsawan Komanwel Poland-Lithuania. Dalam dokumen Latin rasmi Komanwel lama, szlachta keturunan dirujuk sebagai \"nobilitas\" dan sememangnya setara dalam status undang-undang bangsawan Inggeris. <> Apa istilah yang ditetapkan oleh golongan bangsawan Lithuania yang kaya raya? || szlachta <> Apakah dua adjektif yang paling menggambarkan szlachta? || formal, keturunan <> Siapa yang disebut sebagai nobilitas? || szlachta keturunan <> Apakah status undang-undang nobilitas? || bersamaan dengan status undang-undang bangsawan Inggeris", {"qas": [{"question": "What term designated the noble class of polish Lithuania common wealth?", "id": "56f7cc5faef2371900625c13", "answers": [{"text": "szlachta", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two adjectives that best describe the szlachta?", "id": "56f7cc5faef2371900625c14", "answers": [{"text": "formalized, hereditary", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is referred to as nobilitas?", "id": "56f7cc5faef2371900625c15", "answers": [{"text": "hereditary szlachta", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the legal status of nobilitas?", "id": "56f7cc5faef2371900625c16", "answers": [{"text": "equivalent in legal status of the English nobility", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Polish term \"szlachta\" designated the formalized, hereditary noble class of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In official Latin documents of the old Commonwealth, hereditary szlachta are referred to as \"nobilitas\" and are indeed the equivalent in legal status of the English nobility."}], ["Istilah szlachta berasal dari perkataan slahta Jerman Lama Lama (Jerman moden Geschlecht), yang bermaksud \"keluarga (bangsawan)\", seperti kebanyakan kata-kata Polandia yang berkaitan dengan bangsawan yang berasal dari kata-kata Jerman-contohnya \"rycerz\" \"ksatria\", kata \"Ritter\" Jerman dan \"herba\" Poland (\"kelopak senjata\", dari Jerman \"Erbe\", \"warisan\"). <> Apa perkataan jerman yang berasal dari istilah szlachta? || slahta <> Apakah maksud slahta? || \"(bangsawan) keluarga\" <> Apakah nama pemoles untuk kuda? || rycerz <> nama Jerman untuk kesatria? || Ritter <> Di mana perkataannya berasal dari dalam bahasa Jerman? || Erbe", {"qas": [{"question": "What german word does the term szlachta come from?", "id": "56f7c5b0aef2371900625beb", "answers": [{"text": "slahta", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does slahta mean?", "id": "56f7c5b0aef2371900625bec", "answers": [{"text": "\"(noble) family\"", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the polish name for knight?", "id": "56f7c5b0aef2371900625bed", "answers": [{"text": "rycerz", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "German name for knight?", "id": "56f7c5b0aef2371900625bee", "answers": [{"text": "Ritter", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the word her derive from in german?", "id": "56f7c5b0aef2371900625bef", "answers": [{"text": "Erbe", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The term szlachta is derived from the Old High German word slahta (modern German Geschlecht), which means \"(noble) family\", much as many other Polish words pertaining to the nobility derive from German words\u2014e.g., the Polish \"rycerz\" (\"knight\", cognate of the German \"Ritter\") and the Polish \"herb\" (\"coat of arms\", from the German \"Erbe\", \"heritage\")."}], ["Asal-usul szlachta diselimuti dalam kekaburan dan misteri dan menjadi subjek pelbagai teori. 207 Secara tradisinya, anggotanya adalah pemilik harta tanah, sering dalam bentuk \"petani manor\" atau apa yang disebut sebagai warganegara. Bangsawan itu merundingkan hak istimewa politik dan undang-undang yang semakin meningkat untuk dirinya sendiri sepanjang seluruh sejarahnya sehingga penurunan Komanwel Poland pada akhir abad ke-18. <> Apakah nama lain untuk orang lain? || petani manor <> Adakah szlachta tidak jelas dan misteri atau jelas dan bangga. || kekaburan dan misteri <> Sekitar masa apa pun kemerosotan kekayaan biasa. || akhir abad ke-18 <> Apakah peningkatan komuniti sebelum ia merosot. || keistimewaan politik dan undang-undang", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another name for folwarks?", "id": "56f7c32ba6d7ea1400e17272", "answers": [{"text": "manor farms", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Were the szlachta obscure and mysterious or obvious and proud.", "id": "56f7c32ba6d7ea1400e17273", "answers": [{"text": "obscurity and mystery", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Around what time was the decline of the polish common wealth.", "id": "56f7c32ba6d7ea1400e17274", "answers": [{"text": "late 18th century", "answer_start": 414}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "WHat did the commonwealth increase before it declined.", "id": "56f7c32ba6d7ea1400e17275", "answers": [{"text": "political and legal privileges", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The origins of the szlachta are shrouded in obscurity and mystery and have been the subject of a variety of theories.:207 Traditionally, its members were owners of landed property, often in the form of \"manor farms\" or so-called folwarks. The nobility negotiated substantial and increasing political and legal privileges for itself throughout its entire history until the decline of the Polish Commonwealth in the late 18th century."}], ["Pada masa lalu, kesalahpahaman tertentu kadang-kadang membawa kepada kejahilan \"szlachta\" sebagai \"orang bujang\" dan bukannya \"bangsawan\".: 206: xvi Praktik keliru ini bermula kerana status ekonomi sesetengah anggota szlachta yang lebih rendah daripada golongan bangsawan di negara-negara Eropah lain (lihat juga Estates of the Realm mengenai kekayaan dan bangsawan). Szlachta termasuk orang-orang yang hampir kaya dan cukup berkuasa untuk menjadi pemarah ke rascala dengan keturunan mulia, tidak ada tanah, tidak ada istana, tidak ada wang, tidak ada kampung, dan tidak ada petani.:xvi <> Mengapa kejahatan szlachta datang? || termasuk orang-orang yang hampir kaya dan cukup berkuasa untuk menjadi orang miskin terhadap para rascal <> Siapa yang lebih rendah daripada yang lain, negara-negara Eropah atau szlachta? || szlachta", {"qas": [{"question": "Why did the mistranslation of szlachta come about?", "id": "56f7d060a6d7ea1400e17298", "answers": [{"text": "included those almost rich and powerful enough to be magnates down to rascals", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was inferior of the other, European countries or szlachta?", "id": "56f7d060a6d7ea1400e17299", "answers": [{"text": "szlachta", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the past, a certain misconception sometimes led to the mistranslation of \"szlachta\" as \"gentry\" rather than \"nobility\".:206 :xvi This mistaken practice began due to the economic status of some szlachta members being inferior to that of the nobility in other European countries (see also Estates of the Realm regarding wealth and nobility). The szlachta included those almost rich and powerful enough to be magnates down to rascals with a noble lineage, no land, no castle, no money, no village, and no peasants.:xvi"}], ["Poland pada abad ke-17 menganggap bahawa \"szlachta\" berasal dari bahasa Jerman \"schlachten\" (\"untuk menyembelih\" atau \"menjadi tukang daging\"); juga mencadangkan ialah \"Schlacht\" (\"pertempuran\") Jerman. Ahli sejarah awal Poland berpendapat istilah itu mungkin berasal dari nama ketua proto-Poland yang legenda, Lech, yang disebut dalam tulisan-tulisan Poland dan Czech. <> Apakah tiang-tiang abad ke-17 memikirkan istilah szlachta berasal? || Jerman \"schlachten\" <> Apa maksud schlachtan dalam bahasa Jerman? || (\"untuk menyembelih\" atau \"untuk tukang daging\") <> Apa perkataan Jerman juga bersyukur berasal dari szlachta? || Schlacht <> Apa maksud schlacht? || pertempuran <> The polish percaya szlachta berasal dari nama siapa? || ketua proto-Poland legendaris, Lech", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the poles of the 17th century think the term szlachta came from?", "id": "56f7c6e1aef2371900625bff", "answers": [{"text": "German \"schlachten\"", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does schlachtan mean in german?", "id": "56f7c6e1aef2371900625c00", "answers": [{"text": "(\"to slaughter\" or \"to butcher\")", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What German word is also suggestive deriving from  szlachta?", "id": "56f7c6e1aef2371900625c01", "answers": [{"text": "Schlacht", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does schlacht mean?", "id": "56f7c6e1aef2371900625c02", "answers": [{"text": "battle", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The polish believed szlachta derived from the name of who?", "id": "56f7c6e1aef2371900625c03", "answers": [{"text": "legendary proto-Polish chief, Lech", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Poles of the 17th century assumed that \"szlachta\" came from the German \"schlachten\" (\"to slaughter\" or \"to butcher\"); also suggestive is the German \"Schlacht\" (\"battle\"). Early Polish historians thought the term may have derived from the name of the legendary proto-Polish chief, Lech, mentioned in Polish and Czech writings."}], ["The szlachta ([\u0282laxta] (mendengar), exonym: Bangsawan) adalah kelas mulia yang berhak secara sah dengan asal-usul di Kerajaan Poland. Ia memperoleh keistimewaan institusi yang besar antara 1333 dan 1370 semasa pemerintahan Raja Casimir III yang Hebat.:211 Pada tahun 1413, berikutan beberapa kesatuan peribadi tentatif antara Grand Duchy of Lithuania dan Crown Kingdom of Poland, bangsawan Lithuania yang ada secara rasmi bergabung kelas ini.:211 Ketika Komanwel Poland-Lithuania (1569-1795) berkembang dan berkembang di wilayah, keanggotaannya berkembang termasuk pemimpin-pemimpin Ducal Prussia, Podolian dan tanah Ruthenian. <> Kelas apa yang slackta di Poland? || kelas mulia <> Di bawah pemerintahan whos apakah szlachta mendapat keistimewaan institusi? || Raja Casimir III yang Agung <> Di mana dua kerajaan berkongsi kesatuan peribadi tentatif? || Grand Duchy of Lithuania dan Crown Kingdom of Poland <> Kapan persemakmuran polish-lithuanian berkembang? || 1569-1795 <> Apa salah seorang pemimpin dari kaum lithuanian biasa? || Ducal Prussia", {"qas": [{"question": "What class was slackta in Poland?", "id": "56f7c172a6d7ea1400e17268", "answers": [{"text": "noble class", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Under whos' reign did the szlachta gain institutional privileges?", "id": "56f7c172a6d7ea1400e17269", "answers": [{"text": "King Casimir III the Great", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "WHich two kingdoms shared tentative personal unions?", "id": "56f7c172a6d7ea1400e1726a", "answers": [{"text": "Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown Kingdom of Poland", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the polish-lithuanian commonwealth thrive?", "id": "56f7c172a6d7ea1400e1726b", "answers": [{"text": "1569\u20131795", "answer_start": 482}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one leader from the polish-lithuanian common weaith. ", "id": "56f7c172a6d7ea1400e1726c", "answers": [{"text": "Ducal Prussia", "answer_start": 574}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The szlachta ([\u02c8\u0282laxta] ( listen), exonym: Nobility) was a legally privileged noble class with origins in the Kingdom of Poland. It gained considerable institutional privileges between 1333 and 1370 during the reign of King Casimir III the Great.:211 In 1413, following a series of tentative personal unions between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown Kingdom of Poland, the existing Lithuanian nobility formally joined this class.:211 As the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569\u20131795) evolved and expanded in territory, its membership grew to include the leaders of Ducal Prussia, Podolian and Ruthenian lands."}], ["Semasa Partition Poland dari 1772 hingga 1795, anggotanya mula kehilangan keistimewaan undang-undang dan status sosial. Dari tahun 1918 hingga 1918, status undang-undang kaum bangsawan pada asasnya bergantung kepada dasar tiga kuasa pembahagian: Empayar Rusia, Kerajaan Prusia, dan Habsburg Monarki. Keistimewaan undang-undang szlachta telah dimansuhkan secara sah di Republik Poland Kedua oleh Perlembagaan Mac tahun 1921. <> Ketika, semasa partisi Poland, szlachta hilang status hukum dan sosial. || 1772 hingga 1795 <> Apa satu nama kuasa yang bergantung kepada szlachta. || Empayar Rusia <> Bilakah perlembagaan Mac dilaksanakan. || 1921 <> Apakah perlembagaan Mach lakukan? || keistimewaan undang-undang szlachta telah dimansuhkan secara undang-undang <> Dalam republik apa yang szlachta kehilangan keistimewaan undang-undang mereka. || Republik Poland Kedua", {"qas": [{"question": "When, during the partitions of Poland, did the szlachta lose legal and social status. ", "id": "56f7c49eaef2371900625bdb", "answers": [{"text": "1772 to 1795", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was one name of a power that the szlachta was dependent on.", "id": "56f7c49eaef2371900625bdc", "answers": [{"text": "Russian Empire", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the March constitution implemented.", "id": "56f7c49eaef2371900625bdd", "answers": [{"text": "1921", "answer_start": 448}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Mach constitution do?", "id": "56f7c49eaef2371900625bde", "answers": [{"text": "legal privileges of the szlachta were legally abolished", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what republic did the szlachta lose their legal privileges. ", "id": "56f7c49eaef2371900625bdf", "answers": [{"text": "Second Polish Republic", "answer_start": 396}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the Partitions of Poland from 1772 to 1795, its members began to lose these legal privileges and social status. From that point until 1918, the legal status of the nobility was essentially dependent upon the policies of the three partitioning powers: the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Monarchy. The legal privileges of the szlachta were legally abolished in the Second Polish Republic by the March Constitution of 1921."}], ["Sekitar abad ke-14, terdapat sedikit perbezaan antara kesatria dan szlachta di Poland. Ahli szlachta mempunyai kewajipan peribadi untuk mempertahankan negara (pospolite ruszenie), sehingga menjadi kelas sosial yang paling istimewa. Inklusi dalam kelas adalah hampir semata-mata berdasarkan warisan. <> Sekitar masa mana kesatria dan szlachta sangat mirip? || Sekitar abad ke-14 <> Apakah kewajiban peribadi szlachtas? || mempertahankan negara", {"qas": [{"question": "Around what time were the knights and szlachta very similiar?", "id": "56f7e0aaaef2371900625c3d", "answers": [{"text": "Around the 14th century", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was a personal obligation of the szlachtas?", "id": "56f7e0aaaef2371900625c3e", "answers": [{"text": "defend the country", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Around the 14th century, there was little difference between knights and the szlachta in Poland. Members of the szlachta had the personal obligation to defend the country (pospolite ruszenie), thereby becoming the kingdom's most privileged social class. Inclusion in the class was almost exclusively based on inheritance."}], ["Mieszko I dari Poland (tahun 935 - 25 Mei 992) mendirikan seorang pelari elit dari dalam tenteranya, yang dia bergantung untuk berjaya dalam menyatukan suku Lekhitic dan memelihara perpaduan negaranya. Bukti terdokumentasikan wujud pengganti Mieszko I yang menggunakan pengacara seperti itu juga. <> WHO menubuhkan penatua elit? || Mieszko I of Poland <> Berapa lama Miesko I dari Poland memerintah? || (ms 935 - 25 Mei 992) <> Bersama menyatukan suku kaum lekhitik apa yang berjaya di negara ini? || memelihara perpaduan negaranya. || Pengganti Mieszko I", {"qas": [{"question": "WHo established an elite knightly retinue?", "id": "56f7e80ba6d7ea1400e172a7", "answers": [{"text": "Mieszko I of Poland", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long was Miesko I of Poland reigning?", "id": "56f7e80ba6d7ea1400e172a8", "answers": [{"text": "(c. 935 \u2013 25 May 992)", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with uniting the lekhitic tribes what did poland succeed in?", "id": "56f7e80ba6d7ea1400e172a9", "answers": [{"text": "preserving the unity of his state", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who also established this retinue as well?", "id": "56f7e80ba6d7ea1400e172aa", "answers": [{"text": "Mieszko I's successors", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Mieszko I of Poland (c. 935 \u2013 25 May 992) established an elite knightly retinue from within his army, which he depended upon for success in uniting the Lekhitic tribes and preserving the unity of his state. Documented proof exists of Mieszko I's successors utilizing such a retinue, as well."}], ["Mengenai suku-suku Polandia awal, geografi menyumbang kepada tradisi lama. Puak-puak Poland diawali dan diorganisasikan di sekitar kultus agama yang menyatukan, yang dikuasai oleh wiec, sebuah kumpulan suku kaum bebas. Kemudian, apabila keselamatan diperlukan kuasa untuk disatukan, seorang putera terpilih dipilih untuk memerintah. Keistimewaan pilihan raya biasanya terhad kepada golongan elit. <> Apa yang menyumbang kepada tradisi lama? || geografi <> Apa yang mentadbir suku kaum menggilap? || wiec <> Apa wiec itu? || sebuah perhimpunan puak bebas <> Apabila kuasa diperlukan untuk disatukan apa yang dipilih untuk memerintah? || seorang putera terpilih <> Apakah kedudukan pentadbir terhad kepada? || elit", {"qas": [{"question": "What contributed to the long standing traditions?", "id": "56f7e340aef2371900625c42", "answers": [{"text": "geography", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was governing the polish tribes?", "id": "56f7e340aef2371900625c43", "answers": [{"text": "wiec", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the wiec?", "id": "56f7e340aef2371900625c44", "answers": [{"text": "an assembly of free tribesmen", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When power needed to be consolidated what was chosen to govern?", "id": "56f7e340aef2371900625c45", "answers": [{"text": "an elected prince", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the governing position limited to?", "id": "56f7e340aef2371900625c46", "answers": [{"text": "elites", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Concerning the early Polish tribes, geography contributed to long-standing traditions. The Polish tribes were internalized and organized around a unifying religious cult, governed by the wiec, an assembly of free tribesmen. Later, when safety required power to be consolidated, an elected prince was chosen to govern. The election privilege was usually limited to elites."}], ["Dokumentasi tentang masa depan Raciborz dan Albert adalah yang paling awal digunakan oleh nama klan dan menangis yang menentukan status kesatria Poland yang mulia. Nama genealogia sesat hanya dihubungkan dengan peranti heraldik kemudian pada Zaman Pertengahan dan pada zaman moden awal. Nama klan Poland dan seruan menyusun ritual militaria i, iaitu kuasa memerintah tentera; dan mereka telah digunakan beberapa waktu sebelum 1244 untuk menentukan status yang berkilat. (G\u00f3recki 1992, ms 183-185). <> WHat adalah penggunaan paling awal nama klan dari ksatria menggilap? || dokumentasi tentang penguasaan Raciborz dan Albert <> WHN melakukan hubungan genealogia dengan kekerasan dengan peranti heraldik? || Zaman Pertengahan dan pada zaman moden awal <> Anem dan menangis menghias apa? || militan, <> Pada tahun 1244 kuasa untuk memerintah dan tentera telah digunakan untuk melakukan apa? || mentakrifkan status ksatria", {"qas": [{"question": "WHat is the earliest surviving use of the clan name of the polish knights?", "id": "56f7dbddaef2371900625c35", "answers": [{"text": "documentation regarding Raciborz and Albert's tenure", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "WHn did the knightly genealogiae associate with heraldic devices?", "id": "56f7dbddaef2371900625c36", "answers": [{"text": "Middle Ages and in the early modern period", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The polish anem and cry ritualized what?", "id": "56f7dbddaef2371900625c37", "answers": [{"text": "the ius militare,", "answer_start": 348}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1244 the power to command and army had been used to do what?", "id": "56f7dbddaef2371900625c38", "answers": [{"text": "define knightly status", "answer_start": 450}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The documentation regarding Raciborz and Albert's tenure is the earliest surviving of the use of the clan name and cry defining the honorable status of Polish knights. The names of knightly genealogiae only came to be associated with heraldic devices later in the Middle Ages and in the early modern period. The Polish clan name and cry ritualized the ius militare, i.e., the power to command an army; and they had been used some time before 1244 to define knightly status. (G\u00f3recki 1992, pp. 183\u2013185)."}], ["Tempoh Bahagian dari, AD, 1138 - AD, 1314, yang merangkumi hampir 200 tahun perpecahan feudal dan yang berpunca daripada perpecahan Poland Boles\u0142aw III di antara anak-anaknya, adalah genesis struktur sosial yang menyaksikan ketinggian ekonomi yang besar tanah bangsawan feudal (mozi / Magnates, baik gereja dan berbaring) dari rycerstwo yang berasal dari mereka. Struktur sosial terdahulu adalah salah satu suku Polandia yang bersatu padu dengan negara Poland yang bersejarah di bawah negara yang diperintah oleh dinasti Piast, dinasti ini muncul kira-kira 850 A.D. <> Ketika masa Divisi? || A.D., 1138 - A.D., 1314 <> Apa yang berlaku pada tempoh pembahagian? || Pembahagian Poland Boles\u0142aw III di antara anak-anaknya <> Apakah suku mana yang menjadi struktur sosial dahulu? || Bahasa Poland <> Kapan yang Dinasti Piast muncul? || 850 A.D. <> Negara Poland diperintah oleh apa dinasti? || Dinasti Piast,", {"qas": [{"question": "WHen was the period of Division?", "id": "56f7f2eca6d7ea1400e172ff", "answers": [{"text": "A.D., 1138 \u2013 A.D., 1314", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What stemmed the period of division?", "id": "56f7f2eca6d7ea1400e17300", "answers": [{"text": "Boles\u0142aw III's division of Poland among his sons", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What tribe was the prior social structure from?", "id": "56f7f2eca6d7ea1400e17301", "answers": [{"text": "Polish", "answer_start": 419}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "WHen did the Piast dynasty appear?", "id": "56f7f2eca6d7ea1400e17302", "answers": [{"text": "850 A.D.", "answer_start": 543}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Polish nation ruled by what dynasty?", "id": "56f7f2eca6d7ea1400e17303", "answers": [{"text": "Piast dynasty,", "answer_start": 499}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Period of Division from, A.D., 1138 \u2013 A.D., 1314, which included nearly 200 years of feudal fragmentation and which stemmed from Boles\u0142aw III's division of Poland among his sons, was the genesis of the social structure which saw the economic elevation of the great landowning feudal nobles (mo\u017cni/Magnates, both ecclesiastical and lay) from the rycerstwo they originated from. The prior social structure was one of Polish tribes united into the historic Polish nation under a state ruled by the Piast dynasty, this dynasty appearing circa 850 A.D."}], ["Suku-suku itu diperintah oleh puak-puak (r\u00f3d) yang terdiri daripada orang yang berkaitan dengan darah atau perkahwinan dan secara teorinya turun dari nenek moyang yang sama, memberikan rasa solidariti yang sangat maju. (Lihat gens.) Starosta (atau starszyna) mempunyai kuasa kehakiman dan ketenteraan di atas rou / klan, walaupun kuasa ini sering dilaksanakan dengan kumpulan orang-orang tua. Stronghold yang dipanggil gr\u00f8d dibina di mana kultus keagamaan berkuasa, di mana percubaan dijalankan, dan di mana puak-puak berkumpul dalam menghadapi bahaya. Opole adalah wilayah yang diduduki oleh satu suku. (Manteuffel 1982, halaman 44) <> Apa yang memerintah suku-suku? || klan (r\u00f3d) <> Apakah semua orang mempunyai kesamaan? || secara teorinya turun dari nenek moyang yang sama <> Apa yang memberi mereka rasa solidariti? || berkaitan dengan darah atau perkawinan <> Apa yang disebut kubu kuat? || gred <> Apa wilayah yang diduduki oleh satu suku? || opole", {"qas": [{"question": "What ruled over the tribes?", "id": "56f7e518aef2371900625c4c", "answers": [{"text": "clans (r\u00f3d)", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the clans people all have in common?", "id": "56f7e518aef2371900625c4d", "answers": [{"text": "theoretically descending from a common ancestor", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What gave them a sense of solidarity? ", "id": "56f7e518aef2371900625c4e", "answers": [{"text": "related by blood or marriage", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were stronghold called?", "id": "56f7e518aef2371900625c4f", "answers": [{"text": "gr\u03ccd", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the territory occupied by a single tribe?", "id": "56f7e518aef2371900625c50", "answers": [{"text": "opole", "answer_start": 514}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The tribes were ruled by clans (r\u00f3d) consisting of people related by blood or marriage and theoretically descending from a common ancestor, giving the r\u00f3d/clan a highly developed sense of solidarity. (See gens.) The starosta (or starszyna) had judicial and military power over the r\u00f3d/clan, although this power was often exercised with an assembly of elders. Strongholds called gr\u03ccd were built where the religious cult was powerful, where trials were conducted, and where clans gathered in the face of danger. The opole was the territory occupied by a single tribe. (Manteuffel 1982, p. 44)"}], ["Memandangkan sesetengah szlachta lebih miskin daripada beberapa orang yang tidak mulia, beberapa szlachta yang sangat miskin terpaksa menjadi penyewa dari orang kaya. Walau bagaimanapun, dengan demikian, szlachta ini mengekalkan semua prerogatif perlembagaannya, kerana ia bukan kekayaan atau gaya hidup (boleh diperolehi oleh orang tuanya), tetapi status yuridis keturunan, yang menentukan bangsawan. <> Apa yang akhirnya menentukan bangsawan? || status yuridis keturunan <> Apa yang dipaksa dilakukan oleh szlachta miskin? || untuk menjadi penyewa kepada orang kaya. <> Adakah penyewa genrty yang lebih kaya kehilangan bangsawan mereka? || tidak <> Apa satu perkara yang mulia yang dilakukan szlachta miskin? || mengekalkan semua prerogatif perlembagaan mereka", {"qas": [{"question": "What ultimately determined nobility?", "id": "56f7d4f7aef2371900625c23", "answers": [{"text": "hereditary juridical status", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were some impoverished szlachta forced to do?", "id": "56f7d4f7aef2371900625c24", "answers": [{"text": "to become tenants of the wealthier gentry.", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Did the tenants of the wealthier genrty lose their nobility?", "id": "56f7d4f7aef2371900625c25", "answers": [{"text": "no", "answer_start": 348}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was one noble thing the poor szlachta did?", "id": "56f7d4f7aef2371900625c26", "answers": [{"text": "retained all their constitutional prerogatives", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As some szlachta were poorer than some non-noble gentry, some particularly impoverished szlachta were forced to become tenants of the wealthier gentry. In doing so, however, these szlachta retained all their constitutional prerogatives, as it was not wealth or lifestyle (obtainable by the gentry), but hereditary juridical status, that determined nobility."}], ["Asal-usul szlachta, sementara purba, selalu dianggap tidak jelas. 207 Sebagai hasilnya, para anggotanya sering merujuknya sebagai odwieczna (abadi) .: 207 Dua teori sejarah bersejarah yang dikemukakan oleh ahli-ahlinya dan sejarawan dan kroniknya melibatkan keturunan dari suku kaum kuno Iran yang dikenali sebagai Sarmatians atau dari Yapet, salah seorang anak lelaki Nuh (sebaliknya, kaum petani dikatakan sebagai keturunan anak lelaki lain Nuh, Ham-dan dengan demikian tertakluk sebagai budak di bawah Sumpahan Ham-dan orang Yahudi sebagai keturunan Shem). Teori-teori lain yang mengagumkan termasuk asasnya oleh Julius Caesar, Alexander the Great: 207 atau pemimpin serantau yang tidak bercampur dengan darah mereka dengan 'budak, tahanan dan makhluk asing': 208 <> Mempunyai asal-usul szlachta yang jelas atau tidak jelas ? || kabur <> Apa yang mereka gunakan untuk merujuk kepada asal szlactha? || odwieczna <> Apakah satu teori bersejarah tentang asal-usul szlachta? || keturunan dari suku kaum kuno Iran yang dikenali sebagai Sarmatians <> Apa lagi pemimpin serantau yang terlibat dalam asal-usul szlachta? || Alexander the Great <> Apa yang penting dan unik mengenai pemimpin serantau? || tidak mencampur darah mereka dengan orang-orang 'hamba, tahanan, dan makhluk asing", {"qas": [{"question": "Have the origins of the szlachta been clear or obscure?", "id": "56f7d6d8aef2371900625c2b", "answers": [{"text": "obscure", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did they use to refer to the origin of szlactha?", "id": "56f7d6d8aef2371900625c2c", "answers": [{"text": "odwieczna", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was one historic theory of the szlachta origins?", "id": "56f7d6d8aef2371900625c2d", "answers": [{"text": "descent from the ancient Iranian tribes known as Sarmatians", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was another regional leader involved in the origins of szlachta?", "id": "56f7d6d8aef2371900625c2e", "answers": [{"text": "Alexander the Great", "answer_start": 614}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was important and unique about regional leaders?", "id": "56f7d6d8aef2371900625c2f", "answers": [{"text": "had not mixed their bloodlines with those of 'slaves, prisoners, and aliens", "answer_start": 662}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The origins of the szlachta, while ancient, have always been considered obscure.:207 As a result, its members often referred to it as odwieczna (perennial).:207 Two popular historic theories of origin forwarded by its members and earlier historians and chroniclers involved descent from the ancient Iranian tribes known as Sarmatians or from Japheth, one of Noah's sons (by contrast, the peasantry were said to be the offspring of another son of Noah, Ham\u2014and hence subject to bondage under the Curse of Ham\u2014and the Jews as the offspring of Shem). Other fanciful theories included its foundation by Julius Caesar, Alexander the Great:207 or regional leaders who had not mixed their bloodlines with those of 'slaves, prisoners, and aliens'.:208"}], ["Satu lagi kelas kesatria diberi tanah oleh putera, yang membolehkan mereka keupayaan ekonomi untuk berkhidmat kepada pangeran tentera. Seorang bangsawan Poland yang hidup pada masa sebelum abad ke-15 dirujuk sebagai \"rycerz\", sangat kasar bersamaan dengan \"ksatria\" Inggeris, \"perbezaan kritikal menjadi status\" rycerz \"hampir keturunan keturunan; kelas semua individu tersebut dikenali sebagai \"rycerstwo\". Mewakili keluarga kaya Poland dan ksatria perjalanan dari luar negara yang mencari nasib mereka, kelas rycerstwo yang lain, yang menjadi szlachta / bangsawan (\"szlachta\" menjadi istilah yang tepat untuk bangsawan Poland bermula pada abad ke-15), secara beransur-ansur dibentuk selain dari Mieszko Saya dan penggantinya elit terus. Para bangsawan / bangsawan ini memperoleh lebih banyak keistimewaan yang memberikan mereka status yang disukai. Mereka dibebaskan dari beban dan tanggungjawab tertentu di bawah undang-undang ducal, mengakibatkan kepercayaan hanya rycerstwo (yang menggabungkan kehebatan ketenteraan dengan kelahiran yang tinggi / mulia) boleh berfungsi sebagai pegawai dalam pentadbiran negeri. <> WHat adalah seorang bangsawan yang disebut sebagai sebelum abad ke-15? || rycerz <> Apa kira-kira sama dengan versi bahasa inggeris rycerz? || ksatria <> Apa orang yang mewakili kelas rycerstwo? || keluarga kaya Poland dan pelancong kesatria dari luar negara mencari nasib mereka <> Apa yang positif mendapat kelas szlachta? || secara beransur-ansur dibentuk selain dari Mieszko I dan penggantinya elit penggantinya. <> Apa undang-undang ducal dilaksanakan untuk rycerstwo / bangsawan? || boleh berfungsi sebagai pegawai dalam pentadbiran negeri.", {"qas": [{"question": "WHat was a polish nobleman referred to as before the 15th century?", "id": "56f7eae1a6d7ea1400e172b9", "answers": [{"text": "rycerz", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is roughly the same to the english version of rycerz?", "id": "56f7eae1a6d7ea1400e172ba", "answers": [{"text": "knight", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What people did the rycerstwo class represent?", "id": "56f7eae1a6d7ea1400e172bb", "answers": [{"text": "wealthier families of Poland and itinerant knights from abroad seeking their fortunes", "answer_start": 434}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What positive did the szlachta class receive?", "id": "56f7eae1a6d7ea1400e172bc", "answers": [{"text": "gradually formed apart from Mieszko I's and his successors' elite retinues.", "answer_start": 678}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did ducal law implement for the rycerstwo/nobility?", "id": "56f7eae1a6d7ea1400e172bd", "answers": [{"text": "could serve as officials in state administration.", "answer_start": 1005}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Another class of knights were granted land by the prince, allowing them the economic ability to serve the prince militarily. A Polish nobleman living at the time prior to the 15th century was referred to as a \"rycerz\", very roughly equivalent to the English \"knight,\" the critical difference being the status of \"rycerz\" was almost strictly hereditary; the class of all such individuals was known as the \"rycerstwo\". Representing the wealthier families of Poland and itinerant knights from abroad seeking their fortunes, this other class of rycerstwo, which became the szlachta/nobility (\"szlachta\" becomes the proper term for Polish nobility beginning about the 15th century), gradually formed apart from Mieszko I's and his successors' elite retinues. This rycerstwo/nobility obtained more privileges granting them favored status. They were absolved from particular burdens and obligations under ducal law, resulting in the belief only rycerstwo (those combining military prowess with high/noble birth) could serve as officials in state administration."}], ["Teori lain menerangkan derivasinya dari kelas pejuang bukan Slavia: 42, 64-66 membentuk elemen yang berbeza dikenali sebagai Lechici / Lekhi (Lechit\u00f3w): 430: 482 dalam kumpulan puak Polonik kuno (sistem kasta Indo-Eropah). Hipotesis ini menyatakan bahawa kelas atas ini bukanlah pengambilan Slavonic: 482 dan berasal dari petani Slavonic (kmiecie; Latin: cmethones): 430: 118 di mana mereka memerintah. 4482 Szlachta dibezakan dari penduduk luar bandar. Perasaan orang bangsawan itu menimbulkan amalan yang pada masa-masa kemudian akan dicirikan sebagai perkauman.:233 Szlachta adalah mulia dalam akal Aryan - \"mulia\" yang berbeza dengan orang-orang yang mereka memerintah setelah berkenalan dengan mereka .: 482 Szlachta menelusuri keturunan mereka dari Lech / Lekh, yang mungkin mengasaskan kerajaan Polandia pada abad kelima. 448 Lechia adalah nama Poland pada zaman dahulu, dan nama szlachta sendiri adalah Lechici / Lekhi. rakan sejawat masyarakat Szlachta adalah sistem Meerassee tempoh India selatan-aristokrasi kesetaraan yang diselesaikan sebagai penakluk di kalangan bangsa yang berasingan.:484 Negara Poland menyerupai Empayar Rom di mana hak penuh kewarganegaraan terhad kepada szlachta. The szlachta adalah kasta, kasta tentera, seperti dalam masyarakat Hindu. <> WHat adalah nama unsur yang berbeza dari kelas pahlawan-nada Slavik? || Lechici / Lekhi (Lechit\u00f3w): <> Dalam teori ini, apakah kelas atas? || adalah asal yang berlainan daripada petani Slavonik <> Ketika mereka mencari kerajaan menggilap? || kira-kira abad kelima. <> Apakah sistem kasta yang dimiliki masyarakat hindu? || kasta ketenteraan <> yang berkongsi sistem kasta yang sama dengan Hindu? || Szlachta", {"qas": [{"question": "WHat was the name of the distinct element from a nnon-Slavic warrior class?", "id": "56f7d89aa6d7ea1400e1729d", "answers": [{"text": "Lechici/Lekhi (Lechit\u00f3w):", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In this theory, what was the upper class?", "id": "56f7d89aa6d7ea1400e1729e", "answers": [{"text": "was of a different origin than the Slavonic peasants", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "WHen did they find the polish kingdom?", "id": "56f7d89aa6d7ea1400e1729f", "answers": [{"text": "about the fifth century.", "answer_start": 836}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "WHat caste system does the hindu society have?", "id": "56f7d89aa6d7ea1400e172a0", "answers": [{"text": "military caste", "answer_start": 1284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who shares the same caste system as Hindu?", "id": "56f7d89aa6d7ea1400e172a1", "answers": [{"text": "The szlachta", "answer_start": 1255}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Another theory describes its derivation from a non-Slavic warrior class,:42, 64\u201366 forming a distinct element known as the Lechici/Lekhi (Lechit\u00f3w):430 :482 within the ancient Polonic tribal groupings (Indo-European caste systems). This hypothesis states this upper class was not of Slavonic extraction:482 and was of a different origin than the Slavonic peasants (kmiecie; Latin: cmethones):430 :118 over which they ruled.:482 The Szlachta were differentiated from the rural population. The nobleman's sense of distinction led to practices that in later periods would be characterized as racism.:233 The Szlachta were noble in the Aryan sense -- \"noble\" in contrast to the people over whom they ruled after coming into contact with them.:482 The szlachta traced their descent from Lech/Lekh, who probably founded the Polish kingdom in about the fifth century.:482 Lechia was the name of Poland in antiquity, and the szlachta's own name for themselves was Lechici/Lekhi.:482 An exact counterpart of Szlachta society was the Meerassee system of tenure of southern India\u2014an aristocracy of equality\u2014settled as conquerors among a separate race.:484 The Polish state paralleled the Roman Empire in that full rights of citizenship were limited to the szlachta. The szlachta were a caste, a military caste, as in Hindu society."}], ["Mengikut sumber-sumber heraldik 1,600 adalah jumlah anggaran jumlah semua undang-undang ennoblemen sepanjang sejarah Kerajaan Poland dan Poland-Lithuania Persemakmuran dari abad ke-14 seterusnya (separuh daripadanya telah dilakukan pada tahun-tahun terakhir akhir abad ke-18). <> Berapa banyak bilangan undang-undang undang-undang yang ada di luar sejarah poland dan polnan komuniti || 1,600 <> Bilakah mereka merakam rakaman ennoblements? || Abad ke-14 seterusnya <> Bilakah yang paling banyak dilaksanakan? || tahun-tahun akhir abad ke-18", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the toalt number of legal ennoblements thoughout history of poland and polish commonwealth", "id": "56f803c3a6d7ea1400e17381", "answers": [{"text": "1,600", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did theys tart recording the ennoblements?", "id": "56f803c3a6d7ea1400e17382", "answers": [{"text": "14th century onward", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were most ennoblements implemented?", "id": "56f803c3a6d7ea1400e17383", "answers": [{"text": "final years of the late 18th century", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to heraldic sources 1,600 is a total estimated number of all legal ennoblements throughout the history of Kingdom of Poland and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from the 14th century onward (half of which were performed in the final years of the late 18th century)."}], ["Hak-hak bangsawan Ortodoks secara nominalnya sama dengan yang dinikmati kaum bangsawan Poland dan Lithuania, tetapi terdapat tekanan budaya untuk menukar agama Katolik, yang sangat merosot pada tahun 1596 oleh Kesatuan Brest. Lihat contoh kerjaya Senator Adam Kisiel dan Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki. <> Apa hak lain yang sama dengan bangsawan ortodoks? || Poland dan Lithuanian bangsawan <> Apakah tekanan sosial mendesak rakyat? || menukar agama Katolik <> Apa yang sangat merendahkan tekanan budaya terhadap Katolikisme. || Kesatuan Brest <> Tahun berapa adalah kesatuan brest || 1596", {"qas": [{"question": "What other rights were equal to orthodox nobles?", "id": "56f7f909a6d7ea1400e17343", "answers": [{"text": "Polish and Lithuanian nobility", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What social pressure was pressing down the people?", "id": "56f7f909a6d7ea1400e17344", "answers": [{"text": "convert to Catholicism", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What greatly eased the cultural pressure towards Catholicism. ", "id": "56f7f909a6d7ea1400e17345", "answers": [{"text": "Union of Brest", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the union of brest", "id": "56f7f909a6d7ea1400e17346", "answers": [{"text": "1596", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Orthodox nobles' rights were nominally equal to those enjoyed by Polish and Lithuanian nobility, but there was a cultural pressure to convert to Catholicism, that was greatly eased in 1596 by the Union of Brest. See for example careers of Senator Adam Kisiel and Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki."}], ["Mengikut sumber perihal jumlah jumlah ennoblements undang-undang yang dikeluarkan antara abad ke-14 dan pertengahan abad ke-18, dianggarkan kira-kira 800. Ini adalah purata hanya kira-kira dua ennoblements setiap tahun atau hanya 0.000 000 14 - 0.000 001 penduduk sejarah. Bandingkan: demografi sejarah Poland. <> Sekitar masa berapa jumlah bilangan undang-undang yang penuh dengan ennoblement pada 800? || antara abad ke-14 dan pertengahan abad ke-18, <> Apa rata-rata untuk ennoblements antara abad ke-14 dan min abad ke-18. || dua ennoblements per tahun <> Apakah jenis sumber yang memberikan maklumat mengenai jumlah bilangan pendahuluan? || sumber herald", {"qas": [{"question": "Around what time was the total legal number of ennoblement at 800?", "id": "56f80258a6d7ea1400e17371", "answers": [{"text": "between the 14th century and the mid-18th century,", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is average for ennoblements between 14th and min 18th century.", "id": "56f80258a6d7ea1400e17372", "answers": [{"text": "two ennoblements per year", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of sources give information regarding total number of enablements?", "id": "56f80258a6d7ea1400e17373", "answers": [{"text": "heraldic sources", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to heraldic sources total number of legal ennoblements issued between the 14th century and the mid-18th century, is estimated at approximately 800. This is an average of only about two ennoblements per year or only 0.000 000 14 \u2013 0.000 001 of historical population. Compare: historical demography of Poland."}], ["Di dalam Kerajaan Poland dan kemudiannya di Komanwel Poland-Lithuania, ennoblement (nobilitacja) boleh disamakan dengan status perundangan individu sebagai szlachta (ahli bangsawan Poland). Pada mulanya, keistimewaan ini boleh diberikan oleh raja, tetapi dari tahun 1641 seterusnya, hak ini dikhaskan untuk sejm. Selalunya individu yang terkemudian akan menyertai klan szlachta mulia yang sedia ada dan menganggap lambang senjata yang tidak dibezakan itu. <> Sebelum 1641 keistimewaan istimewa diberikan oleh apa? || oleh raja <> Apa hak telah diterbalikkan oleh sijm? || ennoblement <> Apa yang akan diberikan kepada enobled itu? || lambang senjata yang tidak dibezakan <> Selepas 1641 yang diberi keistimewaan ennoblement? || sejm <> Apa klan yang diberi peluang istimewa? || szlachta clan", {"qas": [{"question": "Before 1641 the privileged ennoblement was granted by what?", "id": "56f7fd1faef2371900625d36", "answers": [{"text": "by monarch", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What right was reversed by sijm?", "id": "56f7fd1faef2371900625d37", "answers": [{"text": "ennoblement", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What would be given to the enobled one?", "id": "56f7fd1faef2371900625d38", "answers": [{"text": "undifferentiated coat of arms", "answer_start": 418}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After 1641 who was given the privilege of ennoblement?", "id": "56f7fd1faef2371900625d39", "answers": [{"text": "sejm", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What clan was given the privileged of enoblement?", "id": "56f7fd1faef2371900625d3a", "answers": [{"text": "szlachta clan", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the Kingdom of Poland and later in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ennoblement (nobilitacja) may be equated with an individual given legal status as a szlachta (member of the Polish nobility). Initially, this privilege could be granted by monarch, but from the 1641 onward, this right was reserved for the sejm. Most often the individual being ennobled would join an existing noble szlachta clan and assume the undifferentiated coat of arms of that clan."}], ["Di Ruthenia kaum bangsawan secara beransur-ansur melambai kesetiaannya ke Duchy Grand Lithuania multikultural dan berbilang bahasa selepas pemerintahan Halych dan Volhynia menjadi sebahagian daripadanya. Banyak keluarga Ruthenian yang mulia berkahwin dengan orang Lithuania. <> Kumpulan apa yang dilakukan oleh Bangsawan Ruthenia merendahkan kesetiaannya? || Grand Duchy of Lithuania <> Apa jenis orang adalah Grand Duchy of Lithuania? || multikultural dan berbilang bahasa <> Apa yang akhirnya menjadi sebahagian daripada duchy grand lithuania? || penguasa Halych dan Volhynia <> Apa yang biasa berlaku untuk keluarga ruthenian dan lithuanian? || berkahwin", {"qas": [{"question": "What group did the Nobility of Ruthenia gravitate its loyalty towards?", "id": "56f7f86faef2371900625d06", "answers": [{"text": "Grand Duchy of Lithuania", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of people were the Grand Duchy of Lithuania?", "id": "56f7f86faef2371900625d07", "answers": [{"text": "multicultural and multilingual", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What eventually became a part of the grand duchy of lithuania?", "id": "56f7f86faef2371900625d08", "answers": [{"text": "principalities of Halych and Volhynia", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was common for families of ruthenian and lithuanian?", "id": "56f7f86faef2371900625d09", "answers": [{"text": "intermarried", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Ruthenia the nobility gradually gravitated its loyalty towards the multicultural and multilingual Grand Duchy of Lithuania after the principalities of Halych and Volhynia became a part of it. Many noble Ruthenian families intermarried with Lithuanian ones."}], ["Beberapa mozi (Magnates) turun dari dinasti puak yang lalu dianggap sebagai pemilik bersama dari alam Piast, walaupun Piasts cuba menghalang mereka dari kemerdekaan mereka. Ini mozi (Magnates) sentiasa berusaha untuk melemahkan kuasa kekuasaan.:75, 76 Dalam kronik Anonim Gall, terdapat penggambaran bangsawan apabila Palatine Sieciech \"meninggikan kelas yang lebih rendah terhadap orang-orang yang mulia\" yang mempercayakan mereka kepada pejabat negeri . (Manteuffel 1982, ms 149) <> Apa yang difikirkan oleh beberapa Mozni? || pemilik bersama Piast realms <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh para magnates kepada alam Piasts? || cuba untuk menafikan mereka dari kemerdekaan mereka <> Siapa yang terus berusaha meruntuhkan kuasa kerajaan? || mozi", {"qas": [{"question": "What did some Mozni regard themselves with?", "id": "56f7f437aef2371900625cce", "answers": [{"text": "co-proprietors of Piast realms", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the magnates do to the Piasts realms?", "id": "56f7f437aef2371900625ccf", "answers": [{"text": "attempted to deprive them of their independence", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who constantly sought to undermine princely authority?", "id": "56f7f437aef2371900625cd0", "answers": [{"text": "mo\u017cni", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some mo\u017cni (Magnates) descending from past tribal dynasties regarded themselves as co-proprietors of Piast realms, even though the Piasts attempted to deprive them of their independence. These mo\u017cni (Magnates) constantly sought to undermine princely authority.:75, 76 In Gall Anonym's chronicle, there is noted the nobility's alarm when the Palatine Sieciech \"elevated those of a lower class over those who were noble born\" entrusting them with state offices. (Manteuffel 1982, p. 149)"}], ["Di akhir abad ke-14, di Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vytautas the Great merumuskan tentera Grand Duchy: bukannya memanggil semua lelaki untuk senjata, ia menciptakan pasukan yang terdiri daripada warganegara profesional-bajorai (lihat \"cedera\" . Oleh kerana tidak ada bangsawan yang cukup, Vytautas melatih lelaki yang sesuai, melepaskan mereka buruh di darat dan tugas lain; untuk perkhidmatan ketenteraan mereka ke Grand Duke, mereka diberikan tanah yang dikerjakan oleh lelaki yang disewa (veldams). Keluarga bangsawan yang baru terbentuk secara amnya mengambil alih, sebagai nama keluarga mereka, orang kafir Lithuania memberikan nama-nama nenek moyang mereka yang dikuasai; ini berlaku dengan Go\u0161tautai, Radvilos, Astikai, K\u0119sgailos dan lain-lain. Keluarga-keluarga ini telah diberikan baju lengan mereka di bawah Kesatuan Horodlo (1413). <> WHO mengubah semula tentera daratan besar? || Vytautas the Great <> vytautas mencipta apa untuk menjejaskan pahlawan profesional? || bajorai <> Apa nama keluarga bangsawan yang baru dibentuk mengambil masa yang lama? || Bahasa Ibrani pagan memberikan nama-nama nenek moyang mereka yang dijuluki <> Apa contoh nama keluarganya yang mulia? || Go\u0161tautai, <> Siapa yang memberi pelukan kepada orang lain? || Kesatuan Horodlo", {"qas": [{"question": "WHo reformed the grand duchy army?", "id": "56f815cea6d7ea1400e173a5", "answers": [{"text": "Vytautas the Great", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "vytautas created what for compromising professional warriors?", "id": "56f815cea6d7ea1400e173a6", "answers": [{"text": "bajorai", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What names did the newly formed noble families take afteR?", "id": "56f815cea6d7ea1400e173a7", "answers": [{"text": "Lithuanian pagan given names of their ennobled ancestors", "answer_start": 551}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of noble family name?", "id": "56f815cea6d7ea1400e173a8", "answers": [{"text": "Go\u0161tautai,", "answer_start": 636}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who gave the coat of arms to others?", "id": "56f815cea6d7ea1400e173a9", "answers": [{"text": "Union of Horodlo", "answer_start": 746}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the late 14th century, in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vytautas the Great reformed the Grand Duchy's army: instead of calling all men to arms, he created forces comprising professional warriors\u2014bajorai (\"nobles\"; see the cognate \"boyar\"). As there were not enough nobles, Vytautas trained suitable men, relieving them of labor on the land and of other duties; for their military service to the Grand Duke, they were granted land that was worked by hired men (veldams). The newly formed noble families generally took up, as their family names, the Lithuanian pagan given names of their ennobled ancestors; this was the case with the Go\u0161tautai, Radvilos, Astikai, K\u0119sgailos and others. These families were granted their coats of arms under the Union of Horodlo (1413)."}], ["Proses polonisasi berlaku dalam tempoh masa yang panjang. Pada mulanya hanya ahli tertinggi golongan bangsawan yang terlibat, walaupun secara beransur-ansur sekumpulan populasi yang lebih luas telah terjejas. Kesan utama pada kaum bangsawan Lithuania yang lebih rendah berlaku setelah pelbagai hukuman dikenakan oleh Empayar Rusia seperti menghapus Lithuania dari nama-nama Gubernas beberapa tahun setelah Uprising November. Selepas pemberontakan Januari, sekatan-sekatan itu terus berlanjutan, dan para pegawai Rusia mengumumkan bahawa \"orang Lithuania adalah orang Rusia yang tergoda oleh Polis dan Katolik\" dan mula memperhebatkan rusifikasi, dan melarang percetakan buku dalam bahasa Lithuania. <> WHO mula-mula dilontarkan dalam polonisasi? || ahli tertinggi golongan bangsawan <> Yang mengenakan pelbagai sanksi terhadap rakyat? || Empayar Rusia <> Apakah contoh mengenakan sekatan ke atas kaum lithuania? || menghapus Lithuania dari nama-nama Gubernia <> Apa yang diumumkan oleh para pegawai Rusia sebagai sanksi? || \"Lithuania adalah Rusia yang tergoda oleh Poland dan Katolik\" <> Bahasa apa yang diharamkan daripada percetakan pada buku? || Bahasa Lithuania.", {"qas": [{"question": "WHo was first invloved in the polonization?", "id": "56f7f695aef2371900625cfc", "answers": [{"text": "the highest members of the nobility", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who imposed various sanction on the people?", "id": "56f7f695aef2371900625cfd", "answers": [{"text": "Russian Empire", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was an example of imposing sanctions on lithuanians?", "id": "56f7f695aef2371900625cfe", "answers": [{"text": "removing Lithuania from the names of the Gubernyas", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the russian officials announce as a sanction?", "id": "56f7f695aef2371900625cff", "answers": [{"text": "\"Lithuanians are Russians seduced by Poles and Catholicism\"", "answer_start": 512}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language was banned from printing on books?", "id": "56f7f695aef2371900625d00", "answers": [{"text": "Lithuanian language.", "answer_start": 650}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The process of polonization took place over a lengthy period of time. At first only the highest members of the nobility were involved, although gradually a wider group of the population was affected. The major effects on the lesser Lithuanian nobility took place after various sanctions were imposed by the Russian Empire such as removing Lithuania from the names of the Gubernyas few years after the November Uprising. After the January Uprising the sanctions went further, and Russian officials announced that \"Lithuanians are Russians seduced by Poles and Catholicism\" and began to intensify russification, and to ban the printing of books in the Lithuanian language."}], ["Di Lithuania Propria dan di Samogitia sebelum penciptaan Kerajaan Lithuania oleh Mindaugas, bangsawan dinamakan mati beste leuten dalam sumber-sumber yang ditulis dalam bahasa Jerman. Dalam bahasa bangsawan bahasa Lithuania dinamakan ponai. Bangsawan yang lebih tinggi dinamakan 'kunigai' atau 'kunigaik\u0161\u010diai' (dukes) -i.e., Perkataan pinjaman dari Scandinavic konung. Mereka adalah pemimpin tempatan dan panglima perang. Semasa pembangunan negara mereka secara beransur-ansur menjadi subordinat kepada dukes yang lebih tinggi, dan kemudian kepada Raja Lithuania. Oleh kerana perluasan bahasa Lithuania menjadi tanah Ruthenia pada pertengahan abad ke-14, istilah baru muncul untuk menamakan belas bangsawan bajorai-dari Ruthenian (bahasa Ukrainia dan bahasa Belarus moden). Perkataan ini hingga kini digunakan dalam bahasa Lithuania untuk menamakan bangsawan, bukan hanya untuk kepentingan sendiri, tetapi juga untuk bangsawan dari negara-negara lain. <> Adakah orang bangsawan bernama dalam bahasa jerman? || die beste leuten <> Apa nama-nama bangsawan yang bernama di lithuanian? || ponai <> Apa nama bangsawan yang lebih tinggi dinamakan? || kunigai 'atau' kunigaik\u0161\u010diai '<> Kunigai adalah bawahan kepada siapa? || Raja Lithuania. <> Kata apa yang digunakan untuk menamakan bangsawan? || \u0431\u043e\u044f\u0440\u0435", {"qas": [{"question": "WHat were nobles named in german language?", "id": "56f7f502a6d7ea1400e1731b", "answers": [{"text": "die beste leuten", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the nobles named in lithuanian?", "id": "56f7f502a6d7ea1400e1731c", "answers": [{"text": "ponai", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the higher nobility named?", "id": "56f7f502a6d7ea1400e1731d", "answers": [{"text": "kunigai' or 'kunigaik\u0161\u010diai'", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The kunigai were subordinate to who?", "id": "56f7f502a6d7ea1400e1731e", "answers": [{"text": "King of Lithuania.", "answer_start": 505}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What word is used to denominate nobility?", "id": "56f7f502a6d7ea1400e1731f", "answers": [{"text": "\u0431\u043e\u044f\u0440\u0435", "answer_start": 725}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Lithuania Propria and in Samogitia prior to the creation of the Kingdom of Lithuania by Mindaugas, nobles were named die beste leuten in sources that were written in German language. In the Lithuanian language nobles were named ponai. The higher nobility were named 'kunigai' or 'kunigaik\u0161\u010diai' (dukes)\u2014i.e., loanword from Scandinavic konung. They were the established local leaders and warlords. During the development of the state they gradually became subordinated to higher dukes, and later to the King of Lithuania. Because of expansion of Lithuanian duchy into lands of Ruthenia in the mid of 14th century a new term appeared to denominate nobility bajorai\u2014from Ruthenian (modern Ukrainian and Belarusian languages) \u0431\u043e\u044f\u0440\u0435. This word to this day is used in Lithuanian language to name nobility, not only for own, but also for nobility of other countries."}], ["Selepas Kesatuan Horod\u0142o, kaum bangsawan Lithuania memperoleh status yang sama dengan szlachta Poland, dan dari masa ke masa mula menjadi semakin polonisasi, walaupun mereka mempertahankan kesedaran nasional mereka, dan dalam kebanyakan kes pengiktirafan akar keluarga mereka Lithuania. Pada abad ke-16, beberapa orang bangsawan Lithuania mendakwa bahawa mereka adalah pengekalan Rom, dan bahasa Lithuania adalah bahasa Latin yang baru. Ini membawa kepada paradoks: bangsawan Poland mendakwa keturunan sendiri dari puak Sarmatian, tetapi Sarmatians dianggap musuh kepada Rom. Oleh itu, teori Roman-Sarmatian baru dicipta. Hubungan budaya yang kuat dengan bangsawan Poland menyebabkan bahawa pada abad ke-16 istilah baru untuk menamakan bangsawan Lithuania muncul \u0161l\u0117kta-kata pinjaman langsung dari Poland szlachta. Dari pandangan kebenaran sejarah Lithuania juga harus menggunakan istilah ini, \u0161l\u0117kta (szlachta), untuk menamakan bangsawan sendiri, tetapi ahli bahasa Lithuania melarang penggunaan perkataan pinjaman Poland ini. Penolakan ini untuk menggunakan perkataan szlachta (dalam bahasa Lithuania teks \u0161l\u0117kta) merumitkan semua penamaan. <> Apakah kumpulan lain mempunyai status yang sama dengan bangsawan lithuanian? || Szlachta Poland <> Apa szlachta polish menjadi lebih? || polonized <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh kaum bangsawan lithuanian yang menyebabkan paradoks? || mereka adalah pengekalan Rom <> Apakah istilah baru yang digunakan untuk bangsawan lithuanian? || \u0161l\u0117kta <> Siapa yang melarang penggunaan kata slekta? || Ahli bahasa Lithuania", {"qas": [{"question": "What other group had equal status with the lithuanian nobility?", "id": "56f7f5fca6d7ea1400e17325", "answers": [{"text": "Polish szlachta", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the polish szlachta become more of?", "id": "56f7f5fca6d7ea1400e17326", "answers": [{"text": "polonized", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did some lithuanian nobility claim that caused a paradox?", "id": "56f7f5fca6d7ea1400e17327", "answers": [{"text": "they were of Roman extraction", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the new term used for the lithuanian nobility?", "id": "56f7f5fca6d7ea1400e17328", "answers": [{"text": "\u0161l\u0117kta", "answer_start": 851}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who forbid the use of the word slekta?", "id": "56f7f5fca6d7ea1400e17329", "answers": [{"text": "Lithuanian linguists", "answer_start": 896}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After the Union of Horod\u0142o the Lithuanian nobility acquired equal status with the Polish szlachta, and over time began to become more and more polonized, although they did preserve their national consciousness, and in most cases recognition of their Lithuanian family roots. In the 16th century some of the Lithuanian nobility claimed that they were of Roman extraction, and the Lithuanian language was just a morphed Latin language. This led to paradox: Polish nobility claimed own ancestry from Sarmatian tribes, but Sarmatians were considered enemies to Romans. Thus new Roman-Sarmatian theory was created. Strong cultural ties with Polish nobility led that in the 16th century the new term to name Lithuanian nobility appeared \u0161l\u0117kta\u2014a direct loanword from Polish szlachta. From the view of historical truth Lithuanians also should use this term, \u0161l\u0117kta (szlachta), to name own nobility, but Lithuanian linguists forbade the usage of this Polish loanword. This refusal to use word szlachta (in Lithuanian text \u0161l\u0117kta) complicates all naming."}], ["Dalam 1422 Raja W\u0142adys\u0142aw II Jagie\u0142\u0142o oleh Keistimewaan Czerwi\u0144sk (bahasa Poland: \"przywilej czerwi\u0144ski\") menubuhkan kekejaman hak bangsawan '(ladang mereka tidak boleh dirampas kecuali atas keputusan mahkamah) dan menyerahkan beberapa bidang kuasa ke atas dasar fiskal kepada Majlis Diraja (kemudian, Senat Poland), termasuk hak untuk membuat duit syiling. <> Siapa yang meneguhkan kekejaman harta bangsawan? || Raja W\u0142adys\u0142aw II Jagie\u0142\u0142o <> Bilakah hak yang ditegakkan untuk kerusuhan harta bangsawan? || 1422 <> Apa yang berlaku kepada hak untuk membuat duit syiling? || diserahkan", {"qas": [{"question": "Who establishd the inviolability of nobles property?", "id": "56f81fbba6d7ea1400e173e1", "answers": [{"text": "King W\u0142adys\u0142aw II Jagie\u0142\u0142o", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the established right for inviolability of nobles property?", "id": "56f81fbba6d7ea1400e173e2", "answers": [{"text": "1422", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened to the right to mint coinage?", "id": "56f81fbba6d7ea1400e173e3", "answers": [{"text": "ceded", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1422 King W\u0142adys\u0142aw II Jagie\u0142\u0142o by the Privilege of Czerwi\u0144sk (Polish: \"przywilej czerwi\u0144ski\") established the inviolability of nobles' property (their estates could not be confiscated except upon a court verdict) and ceded some jurisdiction over fiscal policy to the Royal Council (later, the Senat of Poland), including the right to mint coinage."}], ["Raja-raja berturut-turut Poland memberikan keistimewaan kepada golongan bangsawan semasa pilihan raya mereka ke takhta (keistimewaan yang ditetapkan dalam konvensyen Pacta raja) dan pada masa lain sebagai ganti untuk kebenaran ad hoc untuk menaikkan cukai luar biasa atau rombongan pospolite. <> Bilakah raja memberikan hak istimewa kepada para bangsawan? || pada masa pemilihan mereka untuk takhta <> Apa yang ditentukan raja-raja keistimewaan? || Pacta conventa yang terpilih oleh raja <> Apa juga pertukaran semasa dia memilih tahta? || kebenaran ad hoc untuk menaikkan cukai yang luar biasa <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh para bangsawan dari raja semasa pilihan raya? || keistimewaan", {"qas": [{"question": "When did kings grant privileges to the nobles?", "id": "56f81977aef2371900625dcf", "answers": [{"text": "at the time of their election to the throne", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What specified the kings privileges?", "id": "56f81977aef2371900625dd0", "answers": [{"text": "king-elect's Pacta conventa", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was also in exchange during he election of the throne?", "id": "56f81977aef2371900625dd1", "answers": [{"text": "ad hoc permission to raise an extraordinary tax", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did nobles get in from the king during election?", "id": "56f81977aef2371900625dd2", "answers": [{"text": "privileges", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Poland's successive kings granted privileges to the nobility at the time of their election to the throne (the privileges being specified in the king-elect's Pacta conventa) and at other times in exchange for ad hoc permission to raise an extraordinary tax or a pospolite ruszenie."}], ["\"Pemilihan bebas\" pertama (Polandia: \"wolna elekcja\") seorang raja berlaku pada tahun 1492. (Memang pasti, beberapa raja Polandia yang sebelumnya telah dipilih dengan pertolongan dari badan-badan seperti yang meletakkan Casimir II di atas takhta, menetapkan pendahuluan untuk pemilihan bebas.) Hanya senator yang mengundi dalam pilihan raya bebas 1492, yang dimenangi oleh John I Albert. Untuk tempoh Dinasti Jagiellonian, hanya anggota keluarga diraja yang dipertimbangkan untuk pemilihan; kemudian, tidak ada batasan untuk memilih calon. <> Bilakah pilihan raya pertama diadakan? || 1492 <> Apa yang berbeza mengenai pemilihan kemudian pilihan raya pertama? || tiada sekatan terhadap pilihan calon. <> Siapa yang hanya mengundi dalam pemilihan 1492? || senator <> yang memenangi pemilihan 1492? || John I Albert <> Apa dinasti pada masa pemerintahan 1492? || Dinasti Jagiellonian", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the first free election take place?", "id": "56f82667a6d7ea1400e1741d", "answers": [{"text": "1492", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was different about later elections then first free election?", "id": "56f82667a6d7ea1400e1741e", "answers": [{"text": "no restrictions on the choice of candidates.", "answer_start": 469}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who only voted in the election of 1492?", "id": "56f82667a6d7ea1400e1741f", "answers": [{"text": "senators", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who won the election of 1492?", "id": "56f82667a6d7ea1400e17420", "answers": [{"text": "John I Albert", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What dynasty was in reign during the election of 1492?", "id": "56f82667a6d7ea1400e17421", "answers": [{"text": "Jagiellonian Dynasty", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first \"free election\" (Polish: \"wolna elekcja\") of a king took place in 1492. (To be sure, some earlier Polish kings had been elected with help from bodies such as that which put Casimir II on the throne, thereby setting a precedent for free elections.) Only senators voted in the 1492 free election, which was won by John I Albert. For the duration of the Jagiellonian Dynasty, only members of that royal family were considered for election; later, there would be no restrictions on the choice of candidates."}], ["Pada 1454 Raja Casimir IV memberikan Statistika Nieszawa (Poland: \"statk cerkwicko-nieszawskie\"), menjelaskan asas undang-undang voivodship sejmiks (parlimen tempatan). Raja boleh mengeluarkan undang-undang baru, menaikkan cukai, atau memanggil lev\u00e9e secara beramai-ramai (pospolite ruszenie) hanya dengan persetujuan dari sejmiks, dan bangsawan dilindungi dari pelanggaran kehakiman. Undang-undang Nieszawa juga membendung kuasa raja-raja, ketika Sejm (parlimen nasional) menerima hak untuk memilih banyak pegawai, termasuk hakim, voivods dan castellans. Keistimewaan ini dituntut oleh szlachta sebagai pampasan bagi penyertaan mereka dalam Perang Tiga Belas Tahun. <> Bilakah undang-undang Nieszawa diberikan? || 1454 <> Apa patung Nieszawa menjelaskan? || dasar hukum voivodship sejmiks <> Bangsa bangsawan dilindungi dari apa? || penyalahgunaan kehakiman <> Whos power was curbed? || magnates <> Kenapa keistimewaan permintaan szlachta? || penyertaan mereka dalam Perang Ketiga Tahun.", {"qas": [{"question": "When were the Nieszawa statutes granted?", "id": "56f8245fa6d7ea1400e17405", "answers": [{"text": "1454", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Nieszawa statues clarify?", "id": "56f8245fa6d7ea1400e17406", "answers": [{"text": "the legal basis of voivodship sejmiks", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "THe nobility was protected from what?", "id": "56f8245fa6d7ea1400e17407", "answers": [{"text": "judicial abuses", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whos power was curbed?", "id": "56f8245fa6d7ea1400e17408", "answers": [{"text": "magnates", "answer_start": 409}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did the szlachta demand privileges?", "id": "56f8245fa6d7ea1400e17409", "answers": [{"text": "their participation in the Thirteen Years' War.", "answer_start": 608}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1454 King Casimir IV granted the Nieszawa Statutes (Polish: \"statuty cerkwicko-nieszawskie\"), clarifying the legal basis of voivodship sejmiks (local parliaments). The king could promulgate new laws, raise taxes, or call for a lev\u00e9e en masse (pospolite ruszenie) only with the consent of the sejmiks, and the nobility were protected from judicial abuses. The Nieszawa Statutes also curbed the power of the magnates, as the Sejm (national parliament) received the right to elect many officials, including judges, voivods and castellans. These privileges were demanded by the szlachta as a compensation for their participation in the Thirteen Years' War."}], ["Perubahan undang-undang penting dalam status szlachta, seperti yang ditakrifkan oleh Robert Bideleux dan Ian Jeffries, terdiri daripada pengecualian 1374 dari cukai tanah, jaminan 1425 terhadap 'tangkapan sewenang-wenangnya dan / atau penyitaan harta benda' anggotanya, 1454 keperluan pasukan tentera dan cukai baru diluluskan oleh Sejms wilayah, dan undang-undang yang dikeluarkan antara 1496 dan 1611 yang menetapkan hak orang awam. <> Siapa yang menentukan perubahan perundangan yang penting? || Robert Bideleux dan Ian Jeffries <> Apa salah satu pengecualian adalah sebahagian daripada perubahan penting dalam undang-undang? || Pengecualian 1374 dari cukai tanah, <> Apa keperluan 1425 yang diperlukan? || keperluan pasukan tentera dan cukai baru diluluskan oleh Sejms wilayah <> Apakah statut yang dikeluarkan antara 1496 dan 1611 yang ditetapkan dari? || hak orang awam", {"qas": [{"question": "Who defined the significant legislative changes?", "id": "56f816a9aef2371900625dbd", "answers": [{"text": "Robert Bideleux and Ian Jeffries", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one exemption was part of the significant changes in legislation?", "id": "56f816a9aef2371900625dbe", "answers": [{"text": "1374 exemption from the land tax,", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the 1425 requirement entail? ", "id": "56f816a9aef2371900625dbf", "answers": [{"text": "requirement that military forces and new taxes be approved by provincial Sejms", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the statutes issued between 1496 and 1611 prescribed from?", "id": "56f816a9aef2371900625dc0", "answers": [{"text": "rights of commoners", "answer_start": 401}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Significant legislative changes in the status of the szlachta, as defined by Robert Bideleux and Ian Jeffries, consist of its 1374 exemption from the land tax, a 1425 guarantee against the 'arbitrary arrests and/or seizure of property' of its members, a 1454 requirement that military forces and new taxes be approved by provincial Sejms, and statutes issued between 1496 and 1611 that prescribed the rights of commoners."}], ["Pada tahun 1355 di Buda King Casimir III yang hebat mengeluarkan hak istimewa seluruh negara untuk bangsawan, sebagai pertukaran untuk persetujuan mereka bahawa dalam kekurangan ahli waris lelaki Casimir, takhta akan disampaikan kepada anak saudaranya, Louis I dari Hungary. Dia menetapkan bahawa kaum bangsawan tidak akan lagi dikenakan cukai 'luar biasa', atau menggunakan dana sendiri untuk ekspedisi tentera di luar negeri. Dia juga berjanji bahawa semasa perjalanan di mahkamah kerajaan, raja dan mahkamah akan membayar semua perbelanjaan, bukan menggunakan kemudahan bangsawan tempatan. <> Bilakah buda raja casimir mengeluarkan pewaris kepada anak saudaranya? || 1355 <> yang menilai hak istimewa negara pertama untuk bangsawan? || Buda King Casimir III the Great <> WHo adalah keponakan raja bait taiim III yang hebat? || Louis I of Hungary <> Apa yang dijanjikan oleh Buda King Casimer? || golongan bangsawan tidak akan lagi tertakluk kepada 'luar biasa' cukai <> WHO akan membayar perbelanjaan semasa perjalanan atau mahkamah diraja? || raja dan mahkamah", {"qas": [{"question": "When did buda king casimir issue the heir to his nephew?", "id": "56f81cabaef2371900625dd7", "answers": [{"text": "1355", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "who issied the first country wide privilege for the nobility? ", "id": "56f81cabaef2371900625dd8", "answers": [{"text": "Buda King Casimir III the Great", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "WHo is the nephew of buda king casimer III the great?", "id": "56f81cabaef2371900625dd9", "answers": [{"text": "Louis I of Hungary", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was promised by Buda King Casimer?", "id": "56f81cabaef2371900625dda", "answers": [{"text": "the nobility would no longer be subject to 'extraordinary' taxes", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "WHo would pay for expenses during travels or the royal courts?", "id": "56f81cabaef2371900625ddb", "answers": [{"text": "the king and the court", "answer_start": 427}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1355 in Buda King Casimir III the Great issued the first country-wide privilege for the nobility, in exchange for their agreement that in the lack of Casimir's male heirs, the throne would pass to his nephew, Louis I of Hungary. He decreed that the nobility would no longer be subject to 'extraordinary' taxes, or use their own funds for military expeditions abroad. He also promised that during travels of the royal court, the king and the court would pay for all expenses, instead of using facilities of local nobility."}], ["Pada tahun 1374 Raja Louis dari Hungary meluluskan Keistimewaan Koszyce (Poland: \"przywilej koszycki\" atau \"ugoda koszycka\") di Ko\u0161ice untuk menjamin takhta Poland untuk anak perempuannya Jadwiga. Dia memperluas definisi siapa ahli bangsawan dan mengecualikan seluruh kelas dari semua kecuali satu cukai (\u0142anowy, yang terhad kepada 2 grosze dari \u0142an (saiz ukuran tanah lama)). Di samping itu, hak Raja untuk menaikkan cukai telah dimansuhkan; tiada cukai baru boleh dibangkitkan tanpa persetujuan golongan bangsawan. Kini, juga, pejabat daerah (bahasa Poland: \"urz\u0119dy ziemskie\") dipelihara secara eksklusif untuk bangsawan setempat, kerana Keistimewaan Koszyce melarang raja untuk memberikan jawatan rasmi dan istana utama Polandia kepada kesatria asing. Akhirnya, keistimewaan ini mewajibkan Raja untuk membayar ganti rugi kepada orang bangsawan yang cedera atau ditawan semasa perang di luar sempadan Poland. <> Bilakah Raja Louis dari Hungary meluluskan keistimewaan Koszyce? || 1374 <> Mengapa raja Louis membenarkan keistimewaan itu? || untuk menjamin takhta Poland untuk anak perempuannya Jadwiga <> Apa yang dilakukan raja louis dari kebajikan untuk para bangsawan? || mengecualikan seluruh kelas dari semua kecuali satu cukai <> Apakah yang terjadi kepada raja-raja untuk menaikkan cukai? || dihapuskan <> Apa yang boleh dilakukan raja terhadap bangsawan yang terluka atau diambil semasa perang? || Raja untuk membayar ganti rugi", {"qas": [{"question": "When did King Louis of Hungary approve the privilege of Koszyce?", "id": "56f81ed1a6d7ea1400e173cd", "answers": [{"text": "1374", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "WHy did King louis approve the privilege?", "id": "56f81ed1a6d7ea1400e173ce", "answers": [{"text": "in order to guarantee the Polish throne for his daughter Jadwiga", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did king louis of hungary do for the nobles?", "id": "56f81ed1a6d7ea1400e173cf", "answers": [{"text": "exempted the entire class from all but one tax", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "WHat happened to the kings right to raise taxes?", "id": "56f81ed1a6d7ea1400e173d0", "answers": [{"text": "abolished", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What could the king do to nobles injured or taken during war?", "id": "56f81ed1a6d7ea1400e173d1", "answers": [{"text": "King to pay indemnities", "answer_start": 773}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1374 King Louis of Hungary approved the Privilege of Koszyce (Polish: \"przywilej koszycki\" or \"ugoda koszycka\") in Ko\u0161ice in order to guarantee the Polish throne for his daughter Jadwiga. He broadened the definition of who was a member of the nobility and exempted the entire class from all but one tax (\u0142anowy, which was limited to 2 grosze from \u0142an (an old measure of land size)). In addition, the King's right to raise taxes was abolished; no new taxes could be raised without the agreement of the nobility. Henceforth, also, district offices (Polish: \"urz\u0119dy ziemskie\") were reserved exclusively for local nobility, as the Privilege of Koszyce forbade the king to grant official posts and major Polish castles to foreign knights. Finally, this privilege obliged the King to pay indemnities to nobles injured or taken captive during a war outside Polish borders."}], ["Bangsawan Poland menikmati banyak hak yang tidak tersedia untuk kelas mulia negara-negara lain dan, biasanya, setiap raja baru mengakui mereka lebih banyak hak istimewa. Keistimewaan tersebut menjadi asas kepada Golden Liberty dalam Komanwel Poland-Lithuania. Walaupun mempunyai seorang raja, Poland dipanggil Komanwel bangsawan kerana raja itu dipilih oleh semua ahli yang berminat dengan bangsawan keturunan dan Poland dianggap sebagai harta kelas ini, bukan raja atau dinasti yang memerintah. Keadaan ini dibesarkan sebahagiannya kerana kepupusan keturunan lelaki dari dinasti diraja lama (pertama Piasts, maka Jagiellons), dan pemilihan oleh bangsawan raja Polandia dari kalangan garis perempuan wanita dinasti keturunan. <> Bangsawan polish mempunyai banyak positif berbanding orang lain termasuk apa? || banyak hak <> Apakah kelebihan komuniti? || Poland <> WHO memilih raja? || bukan raja atau dinasti yang berkuasa <> Mengapa keadaan kerajaan membesar? || kepupusan keturunan lelaki dari dinasti diraja lama <> Pemilihan bangsawan oh kerajaan polish dipilih siapa saya? || keturunan wanita perempuan dinasti.", {"qas": [{"question": "THe polish nobility had many positives compared to others including what?", "id": "56f81878a6d7ea1400e173af", "answers": [{"text": "many rights", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the nobilities commonwealth?", "id": "56f81878a6d7ea1400e173b0", "answers": [{"text": "Poland", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "WHo elected the king?", "id": "56f81878a6d7ea1400e173b1", "answers": [{"text": "not of the king or the ruling dynasty", "answer_start": 473}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "WHy did the state affairs partly grow up on?", "id": "56f81878a6d7ea1400e173b2", "answers": [{"text": "the extinction of the male-line descendants of the old royal dynasty", "answer_start": 561}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The selection of nobility oh the polish kingdom was selected my whom?", "id": "56f81878a6d7ea1400e173b3", "answers": [{"text": "dynasty's female-line descendants.", "answer_start": 739}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Polish nobility enjoyed many rights that were not available to the noble classes of other countries and, typically, each new monarch conceded them further privileges. Those privileges became the basis of the Golden Liberty in the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth. Despite having a king, Poland was called the nobility's Commonwealth because the king was elected by all interested members of hereditary nobility and Poland was considered to be the property of this class, not of the king or the ruling dynasty. This state of affairs grew up in part because of the extinction of the male-line descendants of the old royal dynasty (first the Piasts, then the Jagiellons), and the selection by the nobility of the Polish king from among the dynasty's female-line descendants."}], ["Pada tahun 1430 dengan Keistimewaan Jedlnia, disahkan di Krak\u00f3w pada 1433 (bahasa Poland: \"przywileje jedlne\u0144sko-krakowskie\"), yang berdasarkan sebahagian daripada keistimewaan Brze\u015b\u0107 Kujawski yang awalnya (25 April 1425), King W\u0142adys\u0142aw II Jagie\u0142\u0142o memberikan bangsawan sebagai jaminan terhadap sewenang-wenangnya ditangkap, sama dengan corpus Habeas Magna Carta Inggeris, yang dikenali dari nama Latinnya sendiri sebagai \"neminem captivabimus (nisi jure victum).\" Tidak ada ahli bangsawan yang boleh dipenjarakan tanpa waran dari mahkamah keadilan: raja tidak boleh menghukum atau memenjarakan mana-mana orang mulia dengan kehendaknya. Raja Wladyslaw untuk usaha ini adalah jaminan bangsawan bahawa takhta akan diwarisi oleh salah seorang anaknya (yang akan terikat untuk menghormati keistimewaan yang diberikan kepada bangsawan). Pada 2 Mei 1447 raja yang sama mengeluarkan Wilno Privilege yang memberi orang-orang Lithuania sebagai hak yang sama seperti yang dimiliki oleh szlachta Poland. <> Di manakah pengesahan keistimewaan Jedlnia berlaku? || di Krak\u00f3w pada 1433 <> WHat adalah keistimewaan jedlnia berdasarkan kebanyakannya? || Brze\u015b\u0107 Kujawski keistimewaan <> Apa yang berlaku untuk kartun magna bahasa Inggeris habeas corpus? || bangsawan adalah jaminan terhadap penangkapan sewenang-wenang <> Apa yang diperlukan oleh mahkamah untuk memenjarakan seorang bangsawan? || waran dari mahkamah keadilan <> Apa bangsawan menjamin bahawa takhtanya akan diwarisi oleh anak-anaknya? || Raja Wladyslaw untuk kepentingan ini", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did the confirmation of privileges of Jedlnia take place?", "id": "56f8220daef2371900625e07", "answers": [{"text": "at Krak\u00f3w in 1433", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "WHat was the privileges of jedlnia based mostly off of?", "id": "56f8220daef2371900625e08", "answers": [{"text": "Brze\u015b\u0107 Kujawski privilege", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was simliar to the english magna cartas habeas corpus?", "id": "56f8220daef2371900625e09", "answers": [{"text": "nobility a guarantee against arbitrary arrest", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does a court need to imprison a member of the nobility? ", "id": "56f8220daef2371900625e0a", "answers": [{"text": "warrant from a court of justice", "answer_start": 470}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the nobles guarantee that his throne would be inherited by his sons? ", "id": "56f8220daef2371900625e0b", "answers": [{"text": "King W\u0142adys\u0142aw's quid pro quo for this boon", "answer_start": 569}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1430 with the Privileges of Jedlnia, confirmed at Krak\u00f3w in 1433 (Polish: \"przywileje jedlne\u0144sko-krakowskie\"), based partially on his earlier Brze\u015b\u0107 Kujawski privilege (April 25, 1425), King W\u0142adys\u0142aw II Jagie\u0142\u0142o granted the nobility a guarantee against arbitrary arrest, similar to the English Magna Carta's Habeas corpus, known from its own Latin name as \"neminem captivabimus (nisi jure victum).\" Henceforth no member of the nobility could be imprisoned without a warrant from a court of justice: the king could neither punish nor imprison any noble at his whim. King W\u0142adys\u0142aw's quid pro quo for this boon was the nobles' guarantee that his throne would be inherited by one of his sons (who would be bound to honour the privileges theretofore granted to the nobility). On May 2, 1447 the same king issued the Wilno Privilege which gave the Lithuanian boyars the same rights as those possessed by the Polish szlachta."}], ["Nobel dilahirkan dalam keluarga mulia, yang diterima pakai oleh keluarga yang mulia (ini dibatalkan pada tahun 1633) atau diberkati oleh raja atau Sejm atas pelbagai sebab (keberanian dalam pertempuran, khidmat kepada negara, dan sebagainya) - namun ini adalah cara paling jarang mendapat status mulia). Ramai orang bangsawan, sebenarnya, sangat usurpers, menjadi rakyat biasa, yang berpindah ke bahagian lain negara dan secara palsu berpura-pura menjadi status mulia. Beratus-ratus bangsawan palsu itu dikecam oleh Hieronim Nekanda Trepka dalam libera generasi liberinya (atau Liber chamorum) pada paruh pertama abad ke-16. Undang-undang melarang orang bukan bangsawan memiliki kebun-kebun bangsawan dan menjanjikan harta pusaka kepada penolakan itu. Trepka adalah seorang bangsawan miskin yang hidup dalam kehidupan penduduk bandar dan mengumpulkan beratus-ratus cerita semacam itu untuk mengambil alih mana-mana ladang tersebut. Ia seolah-olah tidak pernah berjaya membuktikannya di mahkamah. Banyak sejm mengeluarkan perintah selama berabad-abad dalam usaha menyelesaikan masalah ini, tetapi dengan sedikit kejayaan. Tidak diketahui berapa peratus kaum bangsawan Poland berasal dari perintah 'rendah' masyarakat, tetapi kebanyakan ahli sejarah bersetuju bahawa bangsawan asas asal itu membentuk elemen 'penting' szlachta. <> Apa yang paling jarang berlaku untuk menjadi seorang yang mulia? || perkhidmatan kepada kerajaan <> Banyak bangsawan sebenarnya menghairankan bertindak dengan cara apa? || benar-benar usurpers, menjadi orang biasa, <> yang mengutuk banyak bangsawan? || Hieronim Nekanda Trepka <> Kapan pengkhianatan banyak bangsawan berlaku? || separuh pertama abad ke-16 <> Apa yang dibuang oleh para bangsawan dengan dikecam? || memiliki kebun-kebun bangsawan dan menjanjikan harta pusaka kepada penolak", {"qas": [{"question": "What was a rarest rare to become a noble?", "id": "56f81745aef2371900625dc5", "answers": [{"text": "service to the state", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Many nobles were actually surprisingly acting in what way?", "id": "56f81745aef2371900625dc6", "answers": [{"text": "really usurpers, being commoners,", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who denounced many nobles?", "id": "56f81745aef2371900625dc7", "answers": [{"text": "Hieronim Nekanda Trepka", "answer_start": 442}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the denouncing of many nobles take place?", "id": "56f81745aef2371900625dc8", "answers": [{"text": "first half of the 16th century", "answer_start": 532}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the nobles lose by being denounced?", "id": "56f81745aef2371900625dc9", "answers": [{"text": "owning nobility-estates and promised the estate to the denouncer", "answer_start": 596}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nobles were born into a noble family, adopted by a noble family (this was abolished in 1633) or ennobled by a king or Sejm for various reasons (bravery in combat, service to the state, etc.\u2014yet this was the rarest means of gaining noble status). Many nobles were, in actuality, really usurpers, being commoners, who moved into another part of the country and falsely pretended to noble status. Hundreds of such false nobles were denounced by Hieronim Nekanda Trepka in his Liber generationis plebeanorium (or Liber chamorum) in the first half of the 16th century. The law forbade non-nobles from owning nobility-estates and promised the estate to the denouncer. Trepka was an impoverished nobleman who lived a townsman life and collected hundreds of such stories hoping to take over any of such estates. It does not seem he ever succeeded in proving one at the court. Many sejms issued decrees over the centuries in an attempt to resolve this issue, but with little success. It is unknown what percentage of the Polish nobility came from the 'lower' orders of society, but most historians agree that nobles of such base origins formed a 'significant' element of the szlachta."}], ["Sesetengah ahli sejarah menganggarkan jumlah golongan magnets sebagai 1% daripada jumlah szlachta. Daripada anggaran. satu juta szlachta, puluhan ribu keluarga, hanya 200-300 orang yang boleh dikategorikan sebagai pemungut besar dengan harta benda dan pengaruh seluruh negara, dan 30-40 daripadanya dapat dilihat sebagai orang-orang yang mempunyai kesan yang signifikan terhadap politik Poland. <> Ahli sejarah menganggarkan berapa banyak ahli sihir membentuk szlachta? || 1% <> Daripada 1 juta szlachtas berapa ramai yang berkumpul? || 200-300 <> Daripada satu juta berapa ramai orang boleh dilihat dengan kesan yang signifikan secara politik? || 30-40", {"qas": [{"question": "Historians estimate how much of magnates make up szlachta?", "id": "56f83190a6d7ea1400e17473", "answers": [{"text": "1%", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Out of one million szlachtas how many were magnates? ", "id": "56f83190a6d7ea1400e17474", "answers": [{"text": "200\u2013300", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Out of one million how many people could be viewed with significant impact politically?", "id": "56f83190a6d7ea1400e17475", "answers": [{"text": "30\u201340", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some historians estimate the number of magnates as 1% of the number of szlachta. Out of approx. one million szlachta, tens of thousands of families, only 200\u2013300 persons could be classed as great magnates with country-wide possessions and influence, and 30\u201340 of them could be viewed as those with significant impact on Poland's politics."}], ["Para kerabat sering menerima hadiah dari raja, yang meningkatkan kekayaan mereka dengan ketara. Selalunya, hadiah-hadiah itu hanyalah pajakan sementara, yang tidak pernah dikembalikan oleh golongan magnate (pada abad ke-16, pembangkang anti-raja di kalangan szlachta dikenali sebagai pergerakan rumput egzekucji untuk pelaksanaan undang-undang-yang menuntut semua harta benda itu dikembalikan kepada pemiliknya yang tepat, raja). <> Menggalakkan hadiah yang sering diterima dari siapa? || raja-raja <> Sebaik-baiknya meningkatkan kekayaan raja-raja? || Magnates <> Syarat-syarat apa yang diberi hadiah ini? || pajakan sementara <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh para magnate pada hadiah? || tidak pernah kembali", {"qas": [{"question": "Magnates recieved gifts often from who?", "id": "56f831eba6d7ea1400e17479", "answers": [{"text": "monarchs", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What significantly increased the magnates wealth?", "id": "56f831eba6d7ea1400e1747a", "answers": [{"text": "Magnates", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What terms were these gifts given?", "id": "56f831eba6d7ea1400e1747b", "answers": [{"text": "temporary leases", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the magnates do eventually with the gifts?", "id": "56f831eba6d7ea1400e1747c", "answers": [{"text": "never returned", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Magnates often received gifts from monarchs, which significantly increased their wealth. Often, those gifts were only temporary leases, which the magnates never returned (in the 16th century, the anti-magnate opposition among szlachta was known as the ruch egzekucji praw\u2014movement for execution of the laws\u2014which demanded that all such possessions are returned to their proper owner, the king)."}], ["Selama berabad-abad lamanya, ahli-ahli szlachta kaya dan berkuasa berusaha untuk mendapatkan keistimewaan undang-undang daripada rakan-rakan mereka. Sedikit szlachta cukup kaya untuk dikenali sebagai magnates (karmazyni-the \"Crimsons\", dari warna merah butir mereka). Seorang bangsawan yang tepat sepatutnya dapat mengesan nenek moyang yang mulia untuk banyak generasi dan memiliki sekurang-kurangnya 20 kampung atau ladang. Dia juga harus memegang jawatan utama dalam Komanwel. <> Apa yang dicari pemimpin pemimpin szlachta? || mendapat keistimewaan undang-undang ke atas rakan sebaya <> Apa kelas paling szlachtas? || Beberapa szlachta yang cukup kaya untuk dikenali sebagai magnates <> Apakah nama lain untuk orang berkuasa? || Crimsons <> Seorang pemudi yang betul memiliki apa? || memiliki sekurang-kurangnya 20 kampung atau ladang. <> Siapa yang betul di pejabat utama di komuniti? || magnates", {"qas": [{"question": "What did powerful leaders of szlachta sought?", "id": "56f83111aef2371900625ed9", "answers": [{"text": "gain legal privileges over their peers", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were most szlachtas class?", "id": "56f83111aef2371900625eda", "answers": [{"text": "Few szlachta were wealthy enough to be known as magnates", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for magnates?", "id": "56f83111aef2371900625edb", "answers": [{"text": "Crimsons", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A proper magnates own what?", "id": "56f83111aef2371900625edc", "answers": [{"text": "own at least 20 villages or estates.", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is properly in the major office in the commonwealth?", "id": "56f83111aef2371900625edd", "answers": [{"text": "magnates", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "For many centuries, wealthy and powerful members of the szlachta sought to gain legal privileges over their peers. Few szlachta were wealthy enough to be known as magnates (karmazyni\u2014the \"Crimsons\", from the crimson colour of their boots). A proper magnate should be able to trace noble ancestors back for many generations and own at least 20 villages or estates. He should also hold a major office in the Commonwealth."}], ["Pada tahun 1578 raja Stefan Batory mencipta Tribunal Mahkota untuk mengurangkan tekanan besar ke Mahkamah Diraja. Ini meletakkan banyak kuasa yuridis raja di tangan timbalan szlachta yang dipilih, mengukuhkan lagi golongan bangsawan. Pada 1581 Tribunal Mahkota telah disertai oleh rakan sejawatan di Lithuania, Tribunal Lithuania. <> Tribunal mahkota dicipta ketika? || 1578 <> Siapakah yang menciptakan mahkota mahkota? || raja Stefan Batory <> Apa yang perlu dilakukan pengadilan mahkota? || mengurangkan tekanan besar di Mahkamah Diraja <> Di manakah banyak kuasa yang diletakkan dalam keputusan mahkamah mahkota? || kelas bangsawan <> WHo menyertai tribunal mahkota akhirnya? || Tribunal Lithuania", {"qas": [{"question": "The crown tribunal was created when?", "id": "56f83048aef2371900625ecf", "answers": [{"text": "1578", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created the crown tribunal?", "id": "56f83048aef2371900625ed0", "answers": [{"text": "king Stefan Batory", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the crown tribunal supposed to do?", "id": "56f83048aef2371900625ed1", "answers": [{"text": "reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was a lot of power placed in result of the crown tribunal?", "id": "56f83048aef2371900625ed2", "answers": [{"text": "the nobility class", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "WHo joined the crown tribunal eventually?", "id": "56f83048aef2371900625ed3", "answers": [{"text": "Lithuanian Tribunal", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1578 king Stefan Batory created the Crown Tribunal in order to reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court. This placed much of the monarch's juridical power in the hands of the elected szlachta deputies, further strengthening the nobility class. In 1581 the Crown Tribunal was joined by a counterpart in Lithuania, the Lithuanian Tribunal."}], ["Salah satu kemenangan yang paling penting dari golongan magnates ialah hak akhir abad ke-16 untuk mencipta ordynacja (sama dengan majorats), yang memastikan bahawa keluarga yang memperoleh kekayaan dan kekuasaan dapat dengan mudah memelihara ini. Keluarga Ordynacje dari Radziwi\u0142\u0142, Zamoyski, Potocki atau Lubomirski sering menyamai ladang-ladang raja dan merupakan pangkalan kuasa yang penting bagi para raja. <> Hak untuk membuat ordynacja adalah penting untuk kumpulan apa? || magnates <> Bilakah hak untuk membuat ordynacja berlaku? || lewat abad ke-16 <> Apa hak untuk mencipta ordynacja? || memastikan keluarga yang mendapat kekayaan dan kekuasaan dapat dengan lebih mudah memelihara ini <> Apa yang dilakukan keluarga yang berkuasa dengan ladang-ladang raja? || sering bersaing <> Apa asas kuasa penting bagi golongan magnate? || ladang raja", {"qas": [{"question": "The right to create ordynacja's was important to what group?", "id": "56f83269aef2371900625eed", "answers": [{"text": "magnates", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the right to create ordynacja's happen?", "id": "56f83269aef2371900625eee", "answers": [{"text": "late 16th century", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the right to create ordynacja's entail?", "id": "56f83269aef2371900625eef", "answers": [{"text": "ensured that a family which gained wealth and power could more easily preserve this", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the powerful families do with the kings estates?", "id": "56f83269aef2371900625ef0", "answers": [{"text": "often rivalled", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was an important power basis for the magnates?", "id": "56f83269aef2371900625ef1", "answers": [{"text": "estates of the king", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One of the most important victories of the magnates was the late 16th century right to create ordynacja's (similar to majorats), which ensured that a family which gained wealth and power could more easily preserve this. Ordynacje's of families of Radziwi\u0142\u0142, Zamoyski, Potocki or Lubomirski often rivalled the estates of the king and were important power bases for the magnates."}], ["Pada 26 April 1496, King John I Albert memberikan hak istimewa Piotrk\u00f3w (Bahasa Poland: \"Przywilej piotrkowski\", \"konstytucja piotrkowska\" atau \"statut piotrkowskie\"), meningkatkan kuasa feudal golongan bangsawan atas serfs. Ia mengikat petani ke tanah itu, kerana hanya satu anak lelaki (bukan anak sulung) yang dibenarkan meninggalkan kampung; penduduk bandar (Poland: \"mieszcza\u0144stwo\") dilarang memiliki tanah; dan kedudukan dalam hierarki Gereja hanya dapat diberikan kepada bangsawan. <> Siapa yang memberikan keistimewaan Piotrkow? || King John I Albert <> Keistimewaan Piotrkow telah diberikan ketika? || Pada 26 April, 1496 <> Apakah yang berlaku kepada kuasa-kuasa bangsawan? || Meningkatkan <> Siapa yang dibenarkan keluar dari kampung? || Seorang anak lelaki (bukan anak sulung) <> Apa yang dilarang oleh penduduk kampung? || memiliki tanah", {"qas": [{"question": "Who granted the privilege of Piotrkow?", "id": "56f8274ca6d7ea1400e1742f", "answers": [{"text": "King John I Albert", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Privilege of Piotrkow was granted when?", "id": "56f8274ca6d7ea1400e17430", "answers": [{"text": "On April 26, 1496", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "WHat happened to the nobilities feudal power?", "id": "56f8274ca6d7ea1400e17431", "answers": [{"text": "increasing", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was allowed to leave the village?", "id": "56f8274ca6d7ea1400e17432", "answers": [{"text": "one son (not the eldest)", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the townsfolk prohibited from doing?", "id": "56f8274ca6d7ea1400e17433", "answers": [{"text": "owning land", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On April 26, 1496 King John I Albert granted the Privilege of Piotrk\u00f3w (Polish: \"Przywilej piotrkowski\", \"konstytucja piotrkowska\" or \"statuty piotrkowskie\"), increasing the nobility's feudal power over serfs. It bound the peasant to the land, as only one son (not the eldest) was permitted to leave the village; townsfolk (Polish: \"mieszcza\u0144stwo\") were prohibited from owning land; and positions in the Church hierarchy could be given only to nobles."}], ["Pada 3 Mei 1505 Raja Alexander I Jagiellon memberikan Akta \"Nihil novi nisi commune consensu\" (Latin: \"Saya tidak menerima apa-apa yang baru kecuali dengan persetujuan bersama\"). Ini melarang raja meluluskan mana-mana undang-undang baru tanpa persetujuan wakil bangsawan, di Sejm dan Senat berkumpul, dan dengan itu sangat memperkuat kedudukan politik kaum bangsawan. Pada asasnya, tindakan ini memindahkan kuasa perundangan dari raja ke Sejm. Tarikh ini biasanya menandakan permulaan Rzeczpospolita Pertama, tempoh \"Komanwel\" yang dijalankan oleh szlachta. <> Bilakah Akta \"Nihil novi nisi commune consensu\" berlaku? || 3 Mei 1505 <> Siapa yang memberikan akta Akta \"Nihil novi nisi commune consensu\"? || Raja Alexander I Jagiellon <> Apa Akta \"Nihil novi nisi commune consensu\" Do || melarang raja untuk meluluskan mana-mana undang-undang baru tanpa keizinan wakil-wakil bangsawan <> Apa yang berlaku kepada kedudukan politik yang tidak berpotensi? || sangat kuat <> Apa yang berlaku kepada kuasa perundangan? || kuasa perundangan dari raja ke Sejm.", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Act of \"Nihil novi nisi commune consensu\" happen?", "id": "56f82bcfaef2371900625e9d", "answers": [{"text": "3 May 1505", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who granted the act Act of \"Nihil novi nisi commune consensu\"?", "id": "56f82bcfaef2371900625e9e", "answers": [{"text": "King Alexander I Jagiellon", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did The Act of \"Nihil novi nisi commune consensu\" Do", "id": "56f82bcfaef2371900625e9f", "answers": [{"text": "forbade the king to pass any new law without the consent of the representatives of the nobility", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened to the notabilities political position?", "id": "56f82bcfaef2371900625ea0", "answers": [{"text": "greatly strengthened", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has happened to the legislative power?", "id": "56f82bcfaef2371900625ea1", "answers": [{"text": "legislative power from the king to the Sejm.", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 3 May 1505 King Alexander I Jagiellon granted the Act of \"Nihil novi nisi commune consensu\" (Latin: \"I accept nothing new except by common consent\"). This forbade the king to pass any new law without the consent of the representatives of the nobility, in Sejm and Senat assembled, and thus greatly strengthened the nobility's political position. Basically, this act transferred legislative power from the king to the Sejm. This date commonly marks the beginning of the First Rzeczpospolita, the period of a szlachta-run \"Commonwealth\"."}], ["Sehingga kematian Sigismund II Augustus, raja terakhir dinasti Jagiellonian, raja dapat dipilih dari dalam keluarga diraja sahaja. Walau bagaimanapun, bermula 1573, hampir mana-mana orang bangsawan Poland atau orang asing darah diraja boleh menjadi raja Polandia-Lithuania. Setiap raja yang baru dipilih sepatutnya menandatangani dua dokumen-Pacta conventa (\"perjanjian yang dipersetujui\") - pengesahan janji-janji pra-pemilihan raja, dan artikel Henrican (artyku\u0142y henrykowskie, dinamakan raja pertama yang dipilih secara bebas, Henry dari Valois) . Dokumen terakhir ini berfungsi sebagai perlembagaan Poland yang maya dan mengandungi undang-undang asas Komanwel: <> Siapa raja terakhir Dinasti Jagiellonian? || Sigismund II Augustus <> Apa yang berhenti selepas kematian Sigismund II Augustus? || raja boleh dipilih dari dalam hanya keluarga diraja <> Selepas tahun 1573 yang boleh menjadi raja yang bijak-lithuanian? || mana-mana orang bangsawan Poland atau orang asing dari darah diraja <> Berapa banyak dokumen yang perlu menandatangani raja yang baru dipilih? || dua dokumen <> Apa yang terkandung dalam artikel Henrican dan conventa Pacta? || undang-undang asas Komanwel", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the last king of the Jagiellonian dynasty?", "id": "56f82fdaaef2371900625ec5", "answers": [{"text": "Sigismund II Augustus", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What stopped after the death of Sigismund II Augustus?", "id": "56f82fdaaef2371900625ec6", "answers": [{"text": "monarchs could be elected from within only the royal family", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After 1573 who could become a polish-lithuanian monarch?", "id": "56f82fdaaef2371900625ec7", "answers": [{"text": "any Polish noble or foreigner of royal blood", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many documents should the new elected king sign?", "id": "56f82fdaaef2371900625ec8", "answers": [{"text": "two documents", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was contained in the Henrican articles and the Pacta conventa?", "id": "56f82fdaaef2371900625ec9", "answers": [{"text": "basic laws of the Commonwealth", "answer_start": 607}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Until the death of Sigismund II Augustus, the last king of the Jagiellonian dynasty, monarchs could be elected from within only the royal family. However, starting from 1573, practically any Polish noble or foreigner of royal blood could become a Polish\u2013Lithuanian monarch. Every newly elected king was supposed to sign two documents\u2014the Pacta conventa (\"agreed pacts\")\u2014a confirmation of the king's pre-election promises, and Henrican articles (artyku\u0142y henrykowskie, named after the first freely elected king, Henry of Valois). The latter document served as a virtual Polish constitution and contained the basic laws of the Commonwealth:"}], ["Pada masa itu, \"gerakan eksekusi\" (bahasa Poland: \"rusa egzekucja\" - \"pelaksanaan undang-undang\") mula mengambil bentuk. Ahli-ahlinya akan berusaha untuk membendung kekuasaan raja-raja di Sejm dan untuk memperkuat kuasa raja dan negara. Pada tahun 1562 di Sejm di Piotrk\u00f3w mereka akan memaksa para raja untuk memulangkan tanah mahkota yang dipajak banyak kepada raja, dan raja untuk membuat tentera berdiri (wojsko kwarciane). Salah satu ahli pergerakan ini adalah Jan Zamoyski. Selepas kematiannya pada tahun 1605, gerakan itu kehilangan kekuatan politiknya. <> Apakah pergerakan yang disebut juga dikenali sebagai pelaksanaan undang-undang? || \"pergerakan eksekusi <> Apa maksud pergerakan eksekusi? || berusaha untuk membendung kuasa raja-raja di Sejm dan untuk menguatkan kuasa raja dan negara <> apa yang Sejm di Piotrk\u00f3w memaksa para raja untuk melakukan? | kembali banyak mahkota yang dipajak tanah kepada raja, <> Yang Jan Zamoyski mati? || 1605 <> Apa yang terjadi ketika Jan Zamoyski mati? || kehilangan gerakan politiknya.", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the movement called also known as execution of laws?", "id": "56f82cb7aef2371900625ea7", "answers": [{"text": "\"executionist movement", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the intentions of executionists movement?", "id": "56f82cb7aef2371900625ea8", "answers": [{"text": "seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what did the Sejm in Piotrk\u00f3w forced the magnates to do?", "id": "56f82cb7aef2371900625ea9", "answers": [{"text": "return many leased crown lands to the king,", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "WHen did Jan Zamoyski. die?", "id": "56f82cb7aef2371900625eaa", "answers": [{"text": "1605", "answer_start": 487}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened when Jan Zamoyski died?", "id": "56f82cb7aef2371900625eab", "answers": [{"text": "movement lost its political force.", "answer_start": 497}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "About that time the \"executionist movement\" (Polish: \"egzekucja praw\"--\"execution of the laws\") began to take form. Its members would seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country. In 1562 at the Sejm in Piotrk\u00f3w they would force the magnates to return many leased crown lands to the king, and the king to create a standing army (wojsko kwarciane). One of the most famous members of this movement was Jan Zamoyski. After his death in 1605, the movement lost its political force."}], ["Pada 23 Oktober 1501, di Mielnik kesatuan Poland-Lithuania telah diperbaharui di Kesatuan Mielnik (Bahasa Poland: unia mielnicka, unia piotrkowsko-mielnicka). Di sana bahawa tradisi penobatan Sejm (Poland: \"Sejm koronacyjny\") telah diasaskan. Sekali lagi golongan bangsawan pertengahan (tengah dalam kekayaan, tidak berpangkat) cuba mengurangkan kekuatan para raja dengan undang-undang yang membuat mereka tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan sebelum Senat untuk melakukan malfasan. Bagaimanapun, Akta Mielno (Poland: Przywilej mielnicki) pada 25 Oktober melakukan lebih banyak untuk memperkuat gelar yang dikuasai oleh Senat dari Poland maka golongan bangsawan yang lebih rendah. Para bangsawan diberi hak untuk tidak mematuhi Raja atau wakilnya-dalam bahasa Latin, \"non obesedient oboedientia\" -dan membentuk konfederasi, pemberontakan bersenjata terhadap raja atau pejabat negara jika para bangsawan berpendapat bahawa undang-undang atau keistimewaan sah mereka adalah yang dilanggar. <> Bilakah reformasi kesatuan Mielnik Poland-Lithuania? || 23 Oktober 1501 <> Di mana kesatuan Poland-Lithuania Mielnik menghidupkan? || Kesatuan Mielnik <> Di mana penobatan Sejm ditubuhkan? || Kesatuan Mielnik <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh milno? || lebih banyak untuk mengukuhkan kedudukan raja yang didominasi oleh raja, maka golongan bangsawan yang lebih rendah <> Apa hak yang diberikan kepada para bangsawan? || tidak taat kepada Raja atau wakilnya", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Mielnik Polish\u2013Lithuanian union reform?", "id": "56f82b14aef2371900625e89", "answers": [{"text": "23 October 1501", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Mielnik Polish\u2013Lithuanian union refromed?", "id": "56f82b14aef2371900625e8a", "answers": [{"text": "Union of Mielnik", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the  coronation Sejm founded?", "id": "56f82b14aef2371900625e8b", "answers": [{"text": "Union of Mielnik", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the actof of milno do?", "id": "56f82b14aef2371900625e8c", "answers": [{"text": "more to strengthen the magnate dominated Senate of Poland then the lesser nobility", "answer_start": 499}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What right was given to the nobles?", "id": "56f82b14aef2371900625e8d", "answers": [{"text": "disobey the King or his representatives", "answer_start": 618}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 23 October 1501, at Mielnik Polish\u2013Lithuanian union was reformed at the Union of Mielnik (Polish: unia mielnicka, unia piotrkowsko-mielnicka). It was there that the tradition of the coronation Sejm (Polish: \"Sejm koronacyjny\") was founded. Once again the middle nobility (middle in wealth, not in rank) attempted to reduce the power of the magnates with a law that made them impeachable before the Senate for malfeasance. However the Act of Mielno (Polish: Przywilej mielnicki) of 25 October did more to strengthen the magnate dominated Senate of Poland then the lesser nobility. The nobles were given the right to disobey the King or his representatives\u2014in the Latin, \"non praestanda oboedientia\"\u2014and to form confederations, an armed rebellion against the king or state officers if the nobles thought that the law or their legitimate privileges were being infringed."}], ["Kedaulatan szlachta berakhir pada tahun 1795 oleh Partisi Poland, dan sehingga tahun 1918 status undang-undang mereka bergantung pada kebijakan Kerajaan Rusia, Kerajaan Prusia atau Habsburg Monarki. <> Bilakah kedaulatan szlachta berakhir? || 1795 <> Yang menamatkan kedaulatan szlachta? || Pemisahan Poland <> UNtil 1918 yang status undang-undang bergantung kepada kekuasaan negara russia szlachta? || szlachta", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the sovereignty of szlachta end?", "id": "56f832afa6d7ea1400e17481", "answers": [{"text": "1795", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ended the sovereignty of szlachta?", "id": "56f832afa6d7ea1400e17482", "answers": [{"text": "Partitions of Poland", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "UNtil 1918 whos legal status was dependent on the russian empiresovereignty of szlachta?", "id": "56f832afa6d7ea1400e17483", "answers": [{"text": "szlachta", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy."}], ["Kotak senjata sangat penting bagi golongan bangsawan Poland. Sistem heraldiknya berkembang bersama dengan jiran-jirannya di Eropah Tengah, sementara berbeza dalam banyak cara dari teriknya negara-negara Eropah yang lain. Keluarga ksatria Poland mempunyai rakan, hubungan atau akarnya di Moravia (iaitu Poraj) dan Jerman (iaitu Junosza). <> Apa yang sangat penting untuk kaum bangsawan menggilap? || Coats of arms <> Sistem apa jenis baju lengan? || sistem heraldik <> bagaimana sistem bangsawan menggilap berbanding negara-negara lain? || berbeza dalam banyak cara <> Di manakah kesatriaan menggilap? || Moravia (iaitu Poraj) dan Jerman", {"qas": [{"question": "What was very important to the polish nobility?", "id": "56f85351aef2371900625fd9", "answers": [{"text": "Coats of arms", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of system was the coats of arms?", "id": "56f85351aef2371900625fda", "answers": [{"text": "heraldic system", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "how did the polish nobility system compare to other heraldy countries?", "id": "56f85351aef2371900625fdb", "answers": [{"text": "differing in many ways", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did polish knightshood originate?", "id": "56f85351aef2371900625fdc", "answers": [{"text": "Moravia (i.e. Poraj) and Germany", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Coats of arms were very important to the Polish nobility. Its heraldic system evolved together with its neighbours in Central Europe, while differing in many ways from the heraldry of other European countries. Polish knighthood families had its counterparts, links or roots in Moravia (i.e. Poraj) and Germany (i.e. Junosza)."}], ["Perhatikan bahawa orang tuan tanah Poland (ziemianie atau ziemia\u0144stwo) terdiri daripada bangsawan mana-mana tanah yang dimiliki: oleh itu sudah tentu golongan bangsawan, bangsawan pertengahan dan bangsawan yang lebih rendah yang mempunyai sekurang-kurangnya bahagian kampung. Sebagai kepemimpinan manorial juga dibuka untuk burgesses dari beberapa bandar diraja yang istimewa, tidak semua tentera darat memiliki tajuk bangsawan keturunan. <> Siapa yang boleh menggubah kata-kata kulit yang mendarat? || mana-mana kaum bangsawan yang memiliki tanah <> whats adalah nama lain untuk menanam gentry? || (ziemianie atau ziemia\u0144stwo <> Adakah semua memegang tajuk bangsawan? || no", {"qas": [{"question": "Who could compose the polish landed gentry?", "id": "56f852d0a6d7ea1400e17567", "answers": [{"text": "any nobility that owned lands", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "whats is another name for polish landed gentry?", "id": "56f852d0a6d7ea1400e17568", "answers": [{"text": "(ziemianie or ziemia\u0144stwo", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Did all hold title of nobility?", "id": "56f852d0a6d7ea1400e17569", "answers": [{"text": "no", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Note that the Polish landed gentry (ziemianie or ziemia\u0144stwo) was composed of any nobility that owned lands: thus of course the magnates, the middle nobility and that lesser nobility that had at least part of the village. As manorial lordships were also opened to burgesses of certain privileged royal cities, not all landed gentry had a hereditary title of nobility."}], ["Sekurang-kurangnya teori, semua orang bangsawan Poland bersamaan sosial. Juga dalam teori, mereka adalah rakan-rakan undang-undang. Orang-orang yang memegang martabat 'kuasa sebenar' lebih istimewa, tetapi martabat-martabat ini tidak turun-temurun. Mereka yang memegang martabat kehormatan lebih tinggi dalam hierarki 'ritual' tetapi martabat ini juga diberikan untuk seumur hidup. Sesetengah tenant menjadi turun-temurun dan pergi dengan kedua-dua keistimewaan dan gelaran. Orang-orang bangsawan yang tidak langsung baron dari Mahkota tetapi memegang tanah dari tuan-tuan yang lain hanyalah rakan sebaya \"de iure\". <> Secara teorinya bagaimanakah semua orang bangsawan polish dilihat? || sama dengan <> Adakah unik tentang martabat? || tidak keturunan <> Jika seseorang itu bermartabat tinggi mereka juga tinggi dalam apa bentuk lain? || upacara <> Nobles memegang bentuk tanah siapa? || tuan-tuan lain hanya berkahwin \"de iure\"", {"qas": [{"question": "In theory how were all polish noblemen viewed?", "id": "56f85140a6d7ea1400e17555", "answers": [{"text": "equals", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Was was unique about the dignities?", "id": "56f85140a6d7ea1400e17556", "answers": [{"text": "not hereditary", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If one is high in dignities they are also high in what other form?", "id": "56f85140a6d7ea1400e17557", "answers": [{"text": "ritual", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Nobles held land form whom?", "id": "56f85140a6d7ea1400e17558", "answers": [{"text": "other lords were only peers \"de iure\"", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In theory at least, all Polish noblemen were social equals. Also in theory, they were legal peers. Those who held 'real power' dignities were more privileged but these dignities were not hereditary. Those who held honorary dignities were higher in 'ritual' hierarchy but these dignities were also granted for a lifetime. Some tenancies became hereditary and went with both privilege and titles. Nobles who were not direct barons of the Crown but held land from other lords were only peers \"de iure\"."}], ["Bangsawan Poland berbeza dalam banyak aspek dari bangsawan negara lain. Perbezaan yang paling penting ialah, ketika di kebanyakan negara Eropah kaum bangsawan kehilangan kuasa sebagai penguasa mengejar monarki mutlak, di Polandia proses sebaliknya terjadi: bangsawan benar-benar memperoleh kuasa atas perbelanjaan raja, dan sistem politik berkembang menjadi oligarki. <> Apa yang berbeza antara kaum bangsawan dan orang lain? || Negara-negara Eropah kaum bangsawan kehilangan kuasa sebagai penguasa mengejar monarki mutlak <> Apa yang terjadi pada bangsawan dengan mengorbankan raja? || Sebenarnya mendapat kuasa <> Apa sistem politik akhirnya berkembang? || oligarki <> Apa yang diperintah oleh raja? || monarki mutlak", {"qas": [{"question": "What was different between the polish nobility and others?", "id": "56f83483aef2371900625f0b", "answers": [{"text": "European countries the nobility lost power as the ruler strove for absolute monarchy", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened to nobility at expense of the king?", "id": "56f83483aef2371900625f0c", "answers": [{"text": "actually gained power", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the political system eventually evolve into?", "id": "56f83483aef2371900625f0d", "answers": [{"text": "oligarchy", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the ruler strive for?", "id": "56f83483aef2371900625f0e", "answers": [{"text": "absolute monarchy", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Polish nobility differed in many respects from the nobility of other countries. The most important difference was that, while in most European countries the nobility lost power as the ruler strove for absolute monarchy, in Poland the reverse process occurred: the nobility actually gained power at the expense of the king, and the political system evolved into an oligarchy."}], ["Semua anak bangsawan Poland mewarisi status mulia mereka dari seorang ibu dan bapa yang mulia. Mana-mana individu boleh mencapai ennoblement (nobilitacja) untuk perkhidmatan khas ke negeri ini. Seorang bangsawan asing mungkin dinikahi sebagai seorang bangsawan Poland (Poland: \"indygenat\") oleh raja Polandia (kemudian, dari 1641, hanya oleh sejm umum). <> Kanak-kanak mewarisi bangsawan menggilap dari siapa? || ibu dan bapa yang mulia <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh individu untuk mencapai kegemparan? || perkhidmatan khas ke negeri <> WHo boleh mewarisi seorang bangsawan polish? || Raja Poland <> Apakah nama lain untuk kegusaran? || nobilitacja <> Adakah nama lain untuk kemuliaan menggilap? || indygenat", {"qas": [{"question": "Children inherited polish nobility from whom?", "id": "56f84216aef2371900625f67", "answers": [{"text": "noble mother and father", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does an individual do to attain ennoblement?", "id": "56f84216aef2371900625f68", "answers": [{"text": "special services to the state", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "WHo could naturalize a polish noble?", "id": "56f84216aef2371900625f69", "answers": [{"text": "Polish king", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for ennoblement? ", "id": "56f84216aef2371900625f6a", "answers": [{"text": "nobilitacja", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "WHat is another name for polish noble?", "id": "56f84216aef2371900625f6b", "answers": [{"text": "indygenat", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "All children of the Polish nobility inherited their noble status from a noble mother and father. Any individual could attain ennoblement (nobilitacja) for special services to the state. A foreign noble might be naturalised as a Polish noble (Polish: \"indygenat\") by the Polish king (later, from 1641, only by a general sejm)."}], ["Perbezaan yang paling ketara ialah, bertentangan dengan sistem heraldik Eropah yang lain, orang Yahudi, Tatar Muslim atau minoriti lain akan diberikan gelaran yang mulia. Juga, sebahagian besar perkongsian keluarga juga akan berkongsi satu tangan. Mereka juga akan berkongsi senjata dengan keluarga yang diterima pakai ke dalam klan (ini sering kali mempunyai tangan mereka secara rasminya diubahsuai atas kegagalan). Kadang-kadang keluarga yang tidak berkaitan akan palsu disebabkan oleh klan berdasarkan kesamaan senjata. Juga sering keluarga mulia mendakwa keanggotaan puak tidak tepat. Secara logiknya, bilangan mantel senjata dalam sistem ini agak rendah dan tidak melebihi 200 pada akhir Abad Pertengahan (40,000 pada akhir abad ke-18). <> Apakah perbezaan yang paling ketara antara negara? || minoriti akan diberikan gelaran mulia <> Coat of arms akan dikongsi dengan siapa lagi? || kebanyakan keluarga yang berkongsi asalnya <> Bagaimana keluarga yang tidak berkaitan dikaitkan dengan klan? || berdasarkan persamaan senjata <> Adakah bilangan kucing senjata di akhir abad pertengahan jatuh? || rendah dan tidak melebihi 200", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the most notable difference between countries?", "id": "56f8542caef2371900625fe1", "answers": [{"text": "minorities would be given the noble title", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Coat of arms would be shared with who else?", "id": "56f8542caef2371900625fe2", "answers": [{"text": "most families sharing origin", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How would unrelated families be attributed to the clan?", "id": "56f8542caef2371900625fe3", "answers": [{"text": "on the basis of similarity of arms", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Did number of cat of arms in the late middle ages fall?", "id": "56f8542caef2371900625fe4", "answers": [{"text": "low and did not exceed 200", "answer_start": 596}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The most notable difference is that, contrary to other European heraldic systems, the Jews, Muslim Tatars or another minorities would be given the noble title. Also, most families sharing origin would also share a coat-of-arms. They would also share arms with families adopted into the clan (these would often have their arms officially altered upon ennoblement). Sometimes unrelated families would be falsely attributed to the clan on the basis of similarity of arms. Also often noble families claimed inaccurate clan membership. Logically, the number of coats of arms in this system was rather low and did not exceed 200 in late Middle Ages (40,000 in the late 18th century)."}], ["Terdapat beberapa jalan untuk pergerakan sosial ke atas dan pencapaian bangsawan. Bangsawan Poland bukan kelas eksklusif, tertutup. Ramai orang yang berkepala rendah, termasuk penduduk bandar, petani dan orang Yahudi, boleh dan bangkit untuk bertungkus lumus dalam masyarakat Poland. Setiap szlachcic mempunyai pengaruh besar terhadap politik negara, dalam beberapa cara bahkan lebih besar daripada yang dinikmati oleh rakyat negara demokratik moden. Antara 1652 dan 1791, mana-mana bangsawan boleh membatalkan semua prosiding suatu parlimen Komanwel (parlimen Komanwel) atau sejmik (Parlimen tempatan Komanwel) dengan melaksanakan hak individu veto liberum (Latin untuk \"Saya tidak membenarkan\"), kecuali dalam kes daripada satu sejm atau gabungan sejmik. <> Kelas apa yang kaum bangsawan? || kelas tertutup <> Siapa yang boleh bangkit menjadi ennoblement menggilap? || Ramai orang yang berpura-pura rendah <> Berapakah pengaruh setiap szlachcic mempunyai lebih daripada politik? || pengaruh yang besar <> WHo boleh membatalkan semua prosiding yang diberikan sejm? || mana-mana bangsawan <> Apa yang dipanggil untuk membatalkan prosiding? || veto liberum", {"qas": [{"question": "What class was polands nobility?", "id": "56f8410daef2371900625f53", "answers": [{"text": "closed class", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who could rise into polish ennoblement?", "id": "56f8410daef2371900625f54", "answers": [{"text": "Many low-born individuals", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much influence did each szlachcic have over politics?", "id": "56f8410daef2371900625f55", "answers": [{"text": "enormous influence", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "WHo could nullify all the proceedings of a given sejm?", "id": "56f8410daef2371900625f56", "answers": [{"text": "any nobleman", "answer_start": 462}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is is called to nullify proceedings?", "id": "56f8410daef2371900625f57", "answers": [{"text": "liberum veto", "answer_start": 631}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There were a number of avenues to upward social mobility and the achievement of nobility. Poland's nobility was not a rigidly exclusive, closed class. Many low-born individuals, including townsfolk, peasants and Jews, could and did rise to official ennoblement in Polish society. Each szlachcic had enormous influence over the country's politics, in some ways even greater than that enjoyed by the citizens of modern democratic countries. Between 1652 and 1791, any nobleman could nullify all the proceedings of a given sejm (Commonwealth parliament) or sejmik (Commonwealth local parliament) by exercising his individual right of liberum veto (Latin for \"I do not allow\"), except in the case of a confederated sejm or confederated sejmik."}], ["Pada tahun 1840-an Nicholas I dikurangkan 64,000 szlachta kepada status biasa. Walaupun demikian, 62.8% orang bangsawan Rusia adalah szlachta pada tahun 1858 dan masih 46.1% pada tahun 1897. Serfdom telah dimansuhkan di Rusia Poland pada 19 Februari 1864. Ia sengaja dibentuk dengan cara yang akan merosakkan szlachta. Ia adalah satu-satunya kawasan di mana petani membayar harga pasaran dalam penebusan tanah (purata untuk empayar adalah 34% di atas harga pasaran). Semua tanah yang diambil dari petani Poland sejak tahun 1846 akan dikembalikan tanpa bayaran penebusan. Bekas serf hanya dapat menjual tanah kepada petani lain, bukan szlachta. 90% daripada bekas serf di empayar yang sebenarnya memperoleh tanah selepas 1861 berada di 8 wilayah barat. Bersama-sama dengan Romania, orang-orang Serbia tanpa tanah atau orang-orang domestik adalah satu-satunya yang akan diberikan tanah selepas huru-hara dihapuskan. Semua ini adalah untuk menghukum peranan szlachta dalam pemberontakan tahun 1830 dan 1863. Menjelang tahun 1864 80% szlachta adalah d\u00e9class\u00e9, 1/4 bangsawan kecil lebih buruk daripada serf purata, 48.9% tanah di Rusia Poland berada di tangan petani, bangsawan masih memegang 46%. Dalam Republik Poland Kedua, keistimewaan kaum bangsawan telah dimansuhkan secara sah oleh Perlembagaan Mac pada tahun 1921 dan oleh itu tidak diberikan oleh mana-mana undang-undang Poland yang akan datang. <> Siapa yang mengurangkan 64,000 szlachta ke status yang biasa? || Nicholas I <> IN 1858 yang szlachta dari semua bangsawan rusia? || 62.8% <> Bilakah dan siapa yang menghapuskan hamba itu? || Rusia Poland pada 19 Februari 1864 <> Siapa yang boleh bekas jajahan menjual tanah mereka? || hanya menjual tanah kepada petani lain, bukan szlachta <> Berapa banyak tanah yang dipegang oleh petani? || 48.9%", {"qas": [{"question": "Who redused 64,000 szlachta to commoner status?", "id": "56f83350a6d7ea1400e17491", "answers": [{"text": "Nicholas I", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "IN 1858 who was szlachta out of all the russian nobles?", "id": "56f83350a6d7ea1400e17492", "answers": [{"text": "62.8%", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When and who abolished the serfdom?", "id": "56f83350a6d7ea1400e17493", "answers": [{"text": "Russian Poland on February 19, 1864", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who could the ex serfs sell their land to?", "id": "56f83350a6d7ea1400e17494", "answers": [{"text": "only sell land to other peasants, not szlachta", "answer_start": 543}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much land was held by the peasants? ", "id": "56f83350a6d7ea1400e17495", "answers": [{"text": "48.9%", "answer_start": 985}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 1840s Nicholas I reduced 64,000 szlachta to commoner status. Despite this, 62.8% of Russia's nobles were szlachta in 1858 and still 46.1% in 1897. Serfdom was abolished in Russian Poland on February 19, 1864. It was deliberately enacted in a way that would ruin the szlachta. It was the only area where peasants paid the market price in redemption for the land (the average for the empire was 34% above the market price). All land taken from Polish peasants since 1846 was to be returned without redemption payments. The ex serfs could only sell land to other peasants, not szlachta. 90% of the ex serfs in the empire who actually gained land after 1861 were in the 8 western provinces. Along with Romania, Polish landless or domestic serfs were the only ones to be given land after serfdom was abolished. All this was to punish the szlachta's role in the uprisings of 1830 and 1863. By 1864 80% of szlachta were d\u00e9class\u00e9, 1/4 petty nobles were worse off than the average serf, 48.9% of land in Russian Poland was in peasant hands, nobles still held 46%. In Second Polish Republic the privileges of the nobility were lawfully abolished by the March Constitution in 1921 and as such not granted by any future Polish law."}], ["Bangsawan Poland juga lebih banyak daripada negara-negara Eropah lainnya, yang terdiri daripada 10-12% daripada jumlah penduduk Persemakmuran Poland-Lithuania bersejarah yang juga 10-12% di kalangan Politik etnik di tanah etnik Poland (sebahagian Komanwel), tetapi sehingga 25% dari seluruh Poland di seluruh dunia (szlachta dapat membuang lebih banyak sumber untuk bergerak dan / atau menakluk), sementara di beberapa daerah yang lebih miskin (misalnya, Mazowsze, daerah yang berpusat di Warsaw) hampir 30%. Walau bagaimanapun, menurut szlachta terdapat kira-kira 8% daripada jumlah penduduk pada tahun 1791 (dari 6.6% pada abad ke-16), dan tidak lebih daripada 16% populasi Katolik Roman (kebanyakannya etnik Poland). Walau bagaimanapun, harus diperhatikan bahawa szlachta Poland biasanya memasukkan kebanyakan golongan bangsawan tempatan dari kawasan-kawasan yang diserap oleh Poland-Lithuania (penari Ruthenian, bangsawan Livonia, dll.) Sebaliknya, kaum bangsawan negara-negara Eropah lain, kecuali Sepanyol, berjumlah untuk hanya 1-3%, namun era peraturan kedaulatan orang bangsawan Poland berakhir lebih awal daripada di negara-negara lain (tidak termasuk Perancis) lagi pada tahun 1795 (lihat: Pemisahan Poland), sejak itu legitimasi dan nasib masa depan mereka bergantung pada perundangan dan prosedur Empayar Rusia, Kerajaan Prusia atau Habsburg Monarki. Secara beransur-ansur keistimewaan mereka berada di bawah batasan-batasan lebih lanjut untuk dibubarkan sepenuhnya oleh Perlembagaan Poland pada tahun 1921. <> Berapa banyak jumlah penduduk yang menggilap kekayaan biasa? || 10-12% <> DI 1791 berapa banyak szalchta merepresentasikan jumlah penduduk? || 8% <> Poland szlachta biasanya dimasukkan siapa? || kebanyakan bangsawan tempatan dari kawasan-kawasan yang diserap oleh Poland-Lithuania <> Berapa ramai bangsawan membentuk negara-negara Eropah lain selain lithuania? || 1-3% <> Apa yang membubarkan hak istimewa Kerajaan Rusia, Kerajaan Prusia atau Habsburg Monarki? || Perlembagaan Poland bulan Mac", {"qas": [{"question": "How much of the total population was polish common wealth?", "id": "56f83b2faef2371900625f2b", "answers": [{"text": "10\u201312%", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "IN 1791 how much did the szalchta comprimise the total population?", "id": "56f83b2faef2371900625f2c", "answers": [{"text": "8%", "answer_start": 506}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Polish szlachta usually incorporated who?", "id": "56f83b2faef2371900625f2d", "answers": [{"text": "most local nobility from the areas that were absorbed by Poland\u2013Lithuania", "answer_start": 729}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many nobilities made up other European countries besides poland lithuania?", "id": "56f83b2faef2371900625f2e", "answers": [{"text": "1\u20133%", "answer_start": 939}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What dissolved the priveleges of Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia or Habsburg Monarchy?", "id": "56f83b2faef2371900625f2f", "answers": [{"text": "March Constitution of Poland", "answer_start": 1330}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Poland's nobility were also more numerous than those of all other European countries, constituting some 10\u201312% of the total population of historic Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth also some 10\u201312% among ethnic Poles on ethnic Polish lands (part of Commonwealth), but up to 25% of all Poles worldwide (szlachta could dispose more of resources to travels and/or conquering), while in some poorer regions (e.g., Mazowsze, the area centred on Warsaw) nearly 30%. However, according to  szlachta comprised around 8% of the total population in 1791 (up from 6.6% in the 16th century), and no more than 16% of the Roman Catholic (mostly ethnically Polish) population. It should be noted, though, that Polish szlachta usually incorporated most local nobility from the areas that were absorbed by Poland\u2013Lithuania (Ruthenian boyars, Livonian nobles, etc.) By contrast, the nobilities of other European countries, except for Spain, amounted to a mere 1\u20133%, however the era of sovereign rules of Polish nobility ended earlier than in other countries (excluding France) yet in 1795 (see: Partitions of Poland), since then their legitimation and future fate depended on legislature and procedures of Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia or Habsburg Monarchy. Gradually their privileges were under further limitations to be completely dissolved by March Constitution of Poland in 1921."}], ["Juga, tradisi pembezaan antara kot yang sesuai dan kekurangan yang diberikan kepada wanita tidak berkembang di Poland. Biasanya lelaki mewarisi kepalan tangan dari bapa mereka. Juga, brisure jarang digunakan. <> Apa yang jarang digunakan? || brahas <> Di manakah kot yang sesuai dan kekurangan yang diberikan kepada wanita tidak boleh dipertingkatkan? || Poland <> Di manakah lelaki mendapat janggut mereka biasanya? || bapa mereka", {"qas": [{"question": "What was rarely used?", "id": "56f8547aa6d7ea1400e17581", "answers": [{"text": "brisure", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the  coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women not develoupe?", "id": "56f8547aa6d7ea1400e17582", "answers": [{"text": "Poland", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did men get their coat of arms usually?", "id": "56f8547aa6d7ea1400e17583", "answers": [{"text": "their fathers", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Also, the tradition of differentiating between the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women did not develop in Poland. Usually men inherited the coat of arms from their fathers. Also, the brisure was rarely used."}], ["Mentaliti dan ideologi lazimnya szlachta telah diwujudkan dalam \"Sarmatisme\", sebuah nama yang berasal dari mitos asal szlachta di negara kuno yang kuat dari Sarmi. Sistem kepercayaan ini menjadi bahagian penting budaya szlachta dan mempengaruhi semua aspek kehidupan mereka. Ia dipopularkan oleh para penyair yang meninggikan kehidupan kampung tradisional, kedamaian dan pasifisme. Ia juga dimanifestasikan dalam pakaian gaya oriental (\u017cupan, kontusz, sukmana, pas kontuszowy, delia); dan membuat szabla seperti scimitar juga, barang berhampiran pakaian wajib szlachta setiap hari. Sarmatisme berkhidmat untuk mengintegrasikan bangsawan berbilang etnik kerana ia mewujudkan rasa kebangsaan yang hampir nasionalistik perpaduan dan kebanggaan dalam \"Golden Liberty\" szlachta (z\u0142ota wolno\u015b\u0107). Pengetahuan bahasa Latin telah meluas, dan kebanyakan szlachta bebas bercampur-campur kosa kata Poland dan Latin (yang terakhir, \"makaronisme\" -dari \"makaroni\") dalam perbualan sehari-hari. <> Apakah mentaliti dan ideologi lazim dipanggil? || Sarmatisme <> Di manakah nama sarmatisme berasal? || bangsa kuno yang berkuasa dari Sarmatians <> Bagaimana pengaruh sarmatisme budaya szlachta? || berkhidmat untuk mengintegrasikan bangsawan berbilang etnik <> Apa juga yang ditolak oleh hasil sarmatisme? || keamanan dan pasifisme <> Bahasa apa yang bercampur bebas? || Poland dan Latin", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the prevalent mentality and ideology called? ", "id": "56f85519a6d7ea1400e17591", "answers": [{"text": "Sarmatism", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the name sarmatism originate?", "id": "56f85519a6d7ea1400e17592", "answers": [{"text": "powerful ancient nation of Sarmatians", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did sarmatism effect szlachta culture?", "id": "56f85519a6d7ea1400e17593", "answers": [{"text": "served to integrate the multi-ethnic nobility", "answer_start": 575}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was also pushed for by result of sarmatism?", "id": "56f85519a6d7ea1400e17594", "answers": [{"text": "peace and pacifism", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What languages were freely mixed?", "id": "56f85519a6d7ea1400e17595", "answers": [{"text": "Polish and Latin", "answer_start": 802}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The szlachta's prevalent mentality and ideology were manifested in \"Sarmatism\", a name derived from a myth of the szlachta's origin in the powerful ancient nation of Sarmatians. This belief system became an important part of szlachta culture and affected all aspects of their lives. It was popularized by poets who exalted traditional village life, peace and pacifism. It was also manifested in oriental-style apparel (the \u017cupan, kontusz, sukmana, pas kontuszowy, delia); and made the scimitar-like szabla, too, a near-obligatory item of everyday szlachta apparel. Sarmatism served to integrate the multi-ethnic nobility as it created an almost nationalistic sense of unity and pride in the szlachta's \"Golden Liberty\" (z\u0142ota wolno\u015b\u0107). Knowledge of Latin was widespread, and most szlachta freely mixed Polish and Latin vocabulary (the latter, \"macaronisms\"\u2014from \"macaroni\") in everyday conversation."}], ["Sebelum Reformasi, bangsawan Poland kebanyakannya adalah sama ada Roman Katolik atau Ortodoks dengan sekumpulan kecil umat Islam. Banyak keluarga, bagaimanapun, tidak lama lagi mengamalkan agama Reformed. Selepas Kaunter-Reformasi, ketika Gereja Katolik Roma kembali berkuasa di Polandia, bangsawan menjadi hampir secara eksklusif Katolik, walaupun pada hakikatnya Katolik Roma bukan agama mayoritas di Komanwel (gereja-gereja Katolik dan Ortodoks masing-masing menyumbang 40% penduduk warganegara, dengan baki 20% menjadi Yahudi atau ahli denominasi Protestan). Pada abad ke-18, ramai pengikut Jacob Frank menyertai barisan orang Yahudi yang diturunkan oleh Yahudi. Walaupun agama Yahudi biasanya tidak berpura-pura untuk menghalang atau menjauhkan diri dari status mulia, beberapa undang-undang menyukai penukaran agama dari Judaisme kepada Kekristianan (lihat: Neophyte) dengan memberi ganjaran dengan penuh semangat. <> Apa dua agama yang paling biasa? || Roman Katolik atau Ortodoks <> Apakah kumpulan minoriti dalam kaum bangsawan menggilap? || Muslim <> Apa yang memberi ganjaran untuk menukar judiasm kepada kristian? || Apa yang terjadi selepas gereja katolik Roma mendapat kuasa di Poland? || bangsawan menjadi hampir secara eksklusif Katolik <> Apakah jumlah terkecil agama di bangsawan? || Yahudi", {"qas": [{"question": "What two religions were most common?", "id": "56f855e8a6d7ea1400e1759b", "answers": [{"text": "Roman Catholic or Orthodox", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the minority group in the polish nobility?", "id": "56f855e8a6d7ea1400e1759c", "answers": [{"text": "Muslims", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was rewarding for switching judiasm to christianity?", "id": "56f855e8a6d7ea1400e1759d", "answers": [{"text": "ennoblement", "answer_start": 867}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened after the roman catholic church regained power in Poland?", "id": "56f855e8a6d7ea1400e1759e", "answers": [{"text": "the nobility became almost exclusively Catholic", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the smallest amount of religion in the noble?", "id": "56f855e8a6d7ea1400e1759f", "answers": [{"text": "Jews", "answer_start": 525}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Prior to the Reformation, the Polish nobility were mostly either Roman Catholic or Orthodox with a small group of Muslims. Many families, however, soon adopted the Reformed faiths. After the Counter-Reformation, when the Roman Catholic Church regained power in Poland, the nobility became almost exclusively Catholic, despite the fact that Roman Catholicism was not the majority religion in Commonwealth (the Catholic and Orthodox churches each accounted for some 40% of all citizens population, with the remaining 20% being Jews or members of Protestant denominations). In the 18th century, many followers of Jacob Frank joined the ranks of Jewish-descended Polish gentry. Although Jewish religion wasn't usually a pretext to block or deprive of noble status, some laws favoured religious conversion from Judaism to Christianity (see: Neophyte) by rewarding it with ennoblement."}]], [["Nada-nada Georgics menggeliat antara optimisme dan pesimisme, mencetuskan perdebatan kritikal mengenai niat penyair, tetapi karya itu meletakkan dasar untuk puisi didaktik yang kemudian. Virgil dan Maecenas dikatakan telah bergilir membaca Georgics kepada Octavian ketika kembali dari mengalahkan Antony dan Cleopatra di Pertempuran Actium pada tahun 31 SM. <> Octavian mengalahkan Antony dan Cleopatra di mana pertempuran? || Pertempuran Actium <> Bilakah Octavian kembali dari Pertempuran Actium? || 31 SM <> Siapa yang bergilir-gilir dengan Virgil untuk membaca Georgics ke Octavian? || Maecenas <> Bilakah diterbitkan oleh Georgics? || <> Siapa yang menulis Georgics? || <> Dimana ditulis oleh Georgik? || <> Apa yang ditulis oleh kebanyakan tulisan Virgil? || <> Siapa yang membiayai penulisan daripada Georgics? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra at which battle?", "id": "56f896ab9e9bad19000a0195", "answers": [{"text": "Battle of Actium", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Octavian return from the Battle of Actium?", "id": "56f896ab9e9bad19000a0196", "answers": [{"text": "31 BC", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who took turns with Virgil to read the Georgics to Octavian?", "id": "56f896ab9e9bad19000a0197", "answers": [{"text": "Maecenas", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "31 BC", "answer_start": 331}], "question": "When were the Georgics published?", "id": "5a7e4a7270df9f001a8756ad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Maecenas", "answer_start": 181}], "question": "Who wrote the Georgics?", "id": "5a7e4a7270df9f001a8756ae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Actium", "answer_start": 321}], "question": "Where were the Georgics written?", "id": "5a7e4a7270df9f001a8756af", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "didactic poetry", "answer_start": 153}], "question": "What did most of Virgil's writing compose of?", "id": "5a7e4a7270df9f001a8756b0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Octavian", "answer_start": 243}], "question": "Who funded the writing of the Georgics?", "id": "5a7e4a7270df9f001a8756b1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Georgics' tone wavers between optimism and pessimism, sparking critical debate on the poet's intentions, but the work lays the foundations for later didactic poetry. Virgil and Maecenas are said to have taken turns reading the Georgics to Octavian upon his return from defeating Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC."}], ["Beberapa waktu selepas penerbitan Eclogues (mungkin sebelum 37 SM), Virgil menjadi sebahagian daripada bulatan Maecenas, ejen ejen Octavian yang berupaya untuk menentang simpati Antony di kalangan keluarga terkemuka dengan mengumpul tokoh-tokoh sastera Roma ke sisi Octavian. Virgil mengenali banyak tokoh sastera terkemuka masa itu, termasuk Horace, yang dalam puisi beliau sering disebutkan, dan Varius Rufus, yang kemudian membantu menyelesaikan Aeneid. <> Siapa yang membantu menyelesaikan Aeneid? || Varius Rufus <> Apabila di mana Eclogues mungkin diterbitkan? || sebelum 37 SM <> Apa yang dipanggil ejen d'Octavian? || Maecenas <> Yang tokoh sastera yang paling sering menyebutkan Virgin dalam puisinya? || Horace <> Siapa yang menjemput Virgil untuk menjadi sebahagian daripada bulatan Maecenas? || <> Yang mana watak Rom pada masa itu adalah penulis yang paling produktif? || <> Apakah hobi kegemaran Octavian? || <> Apa kerja Virgil yang paling membanggakan? || <> Berapa banyak puisi yang ditulis Horace? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who helped finish the Aeneid?", "id": "56f8954b9b226e1400dd0c4a", "answers": [{"text": "Varius Rufus", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When where the Eclogues likely published?", "id": "56f8954b9b226e1400dd0c4b", "answers": [{"text": "before 37 BC", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were Octavian' s agent d'affaires called?", "id": "56f8954b9b226e1400dd0c4c", "answers": [{"text": "Maecenas", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which leading literary figure often mentioned Virgin in his poetry?", "id": "56f8954b9b226e1400dd0c4d", "answers": [{"text": "Horace", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Horace", "answer_start": 364}], "question": "Who invited Virgil to become part of the circle of Maecenas?", "id": "5a7e41ae70df9f001a875653", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Varius Rufus", "answer_start": 415}], "question": "Which Roman figure of the time was the most prolific writer?", "id": "5a7e41ae70df9f001a875654", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "poetry", "answer_start": 381}], "question": "What was Octavian's favorite hobby?", "id": "5a7e41ae70df9f001a875655", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Aeneid", "answer_start": 453}], "question": "What work was Virgil the most proud of?", "id": "5a7e41ae70df9f001a875656", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "37", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "How many poems did Horace write?", "id": "5a7e41ae70df9f001a875657", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Sometime after the publication of the Eclogues (probably before 37 BC), Virgil became part of the circle of Maecenas, Octavian's capable agent d'affaires who sought to counter sympathy for Antony among the leading families by rallying Roman literary figures to Octavian's side. Virgil came to know many of the other leading literary figures of the time, including Horace, in whose poetry he is often mentioned, and Varius Rufus, who later helped finish the Aeneid."}], ["Tradisi biografi Virgil dianggap bergantung kepada biografi yang hilang oleh editor Varius, Virgil, yang dimasukkan ke dalam biografi oleh Suetonius dan ulasan Servius dan Donatus, dua pengulas hebat mengenai puisi Virgil. Walaupun ulasan tidak diragukan lagi mencatat banyak maklumat fakta tentang Virgil, beberapa bukti mereka dapat ditunjukkan bergantung pada kesimpulan yang dibuat dari puisi dan penafsirannya; oleh itu, tradisi biografi Virgil tetap bermasalah. <> Siapa yang editor Virgil? || Varius <> Yang dua tafsiran dimasukkan ke dalam biografi Virgil oleh Suetonius? || Servius dan Donatus <> Apa yang bergantung kepada beberapa maklumat tentang Virgil? || kesimpulan yang dibuat dari puisi dan penafsirannya <> Adakah tradisi biografi Virgil mudah dikaji atau adakah ia bermasalah? || bermasalah <> Siapa yang menyunting ulasan Donatus? || <> Berapa banyak orang yang menulis biografi tentang Virgil? || <> Apa itu Varius yang paling terkenal? || <> Siapa yang menulis biografi Servius? || <> Siapa yang paling menulis mengenai Virgil? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was Virgil's editor?", "id": "56f7fd15a6d7ea1400e1735f", "answers": [{"text": "Varius", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose two commentaries were incorporated into Virgil's biography by Suetonius?", "id": "56f7fd15a6d7ea1400e17360", "answers": [{"text": "Servius and Donatus", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do the comentaries rely on for some of their information about Virgil?", "id": "56f7fd15a6d7ea1400e17361", "answers": [{"text": "inferences made from his poetry and allegorizing", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is Virgil's biographical tradition easily researched or is it problematic?", "id": "56f7fd15a6d7ea1400e17362", "answers": [{"text": "problematic", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Servius", "answer_start": 180}], "question": "Who edited Donatus' commentaries?", "id": "5a7e3aec70df9f001a8755c5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 205}], "question": "How many people did Virgil write biographies about?", "id": "5a7e3aec70df9f001a8755c6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "his poetry", "answer_start": 397}], "question": "What was Varius most famous for?", "id": "5a7e3aec70df9f001a8755c7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Donatus", "answer_start": 192}], "question": "Who wrote a biography of Servius?", "id": "5a7e3aec70df9f001a8755c8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Donatus", "answer_start": 192}], "question": "Who wrote the most about Virgil?", "id": "5a7e3aec70df9f001a8755c9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Virgil's biographical tradition is thought to depend on a lost biography by Varius, Virgil's editor, which was incorporated into the biography by Suetonius and the commentaries of Servius and Donatus, the two great commentators on Virgil's poetry. Although the commentaries no doubt record much factual information about Virgil, some of their evidence can be shown to rely on inferences made from his poetry and allegorizing; thus, Virgil's biographical tradition remains problematic."}], ["Virgil secara tradisinya disenaraikan sebagai salah satu penyair terbesar di Rom. Aeneid-Nya telah dianggap epik kebangsaan Rom kuno dari masa komposisinya hingga hari ini. Dimodelkan selepas Iliad dan Odyssey Homer, Aeneid mengikuti pelarian Trojan Aeneas ketika dia berjuang untuk memenuhi takdirnya dan tiba di pesisir Itali-dalam mitologi Rom, perbuatan Rom pendirian. Kerja Virgil mempunyai pengaruh luas dan mendalam pada kesusasteraan Barat, terutamanya Comedy Divine Dante, di mana Virgil muncul sebagai panduan Dante melalui neraka dan purgatory. <> Yang mana karya Virgil dianggap epik kebangsaan Rom purba? || Aeneid <> Yang mana kerja Virgil model Aeneid selepas? || Iliad dan Odyssey <> Siapa watak utama dalam Aeneid? || Aeneas <> Apa yang cuba dilakukan Aeneas di Aeneid? || memenuhi takdirnya dan tiba di pesisir Itali <> yang muncul sebagai panduan Dante melalui neraka dan purgatory di Komedi Ilahi? || Virgil <> Di manakah Dante dilahirkan? || <> Apakah matlamat Dante dalam Komedi Ilahi? || <> Apa era Dante menulis The Comedy Divine? || <> Apakah nama epik Homer yang paling terkenal? || <> Di manakah Virgil dilahirkan? || <> Antara karya Homer yang lebih panjang, Iliad atau Odyssey? || <> Di manakah Virgil menulis karya-karyanya? || <> Apa kebangsaan Dante? || <> Apakah Iliad tentang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which of Virgil's works is considered the national epic of ancient Rome?", "id": "56f7fb3ea6d7ea1400e17355", "answers": [{"text": "Aeneid", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which works did Virgil model the Aeneid after?", "id": "56f7fb3ea6d7ea1400e17356", "answers": [{"text": "Iliad and Odyssey", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the main character in the Aeneid?", "id": "56f7fb3ea6d7ea1400e17357", "answers": [{"text": "Aeneas", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Aeneas trying to accomplish in the Aeneid?", "id": "56f7fb3ea6d7ea1400e17358", "answers": [{"text": "fulfill his destiny and arrive on the shores of Italy", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who appears as Dante's guide through hell and purgatory in the Divine Comedy?", "id": "56f7fb3ea6d7ea1400e17359", "answers": [{"text": "Virgil", "answer_start": 500}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Italy", "answer_start": 335}], "question": "Where was Dante born?", "id": "5a7e0d6b70df9f001a87546b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fulfill his destiny", "answer_start": 287}], "question": "What is Dante's goal in the Divine Comedy?", "id": "5a7e0d6b70df9f001a87546c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the present day", "answer_start": 165}], "question": "What era did Dante write The Divine Comedy in?", "id": "5a7e0d6b70df9f001a87546e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Odyssey", "answer_start": 214}], "question": "What is the name of Homer's most famous epic?", "id": "5a7e0d6b70df9f001a87546f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Rome", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "Where was Virgil born?", "id": "5a7e6b4048f7d9001a0636cb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Odyssey", "answer_start": 214}], "question": "Which of Homer's works is longer, the Iliad or Odyssey?", "id": "5a7e6b4048f7d9001a0636cc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Italy", "answer_start": 335}], "question": "Where did Virgil write his works?", "id": "5a7e6b4048f7d9001a0636cd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Trojan", "answer_start": 246}], "question": "What was Dante's nationality?", "id": "5a7e6b4048f7d9001a0636ce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the founding act of Rome", "answer_start": 360}], "question": "What is the Iliad about?", "id": "5a7e6b4048f7d9001a0636cf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Virgil is traditionally ranked as one of Rome's greatest poets. His Aeneid has been considered the national epic of ancient Rome from the time of its composition to the present day. Modeled after Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the Aeneid follows the Trojan refugee Aeneas as he struggles to fulfill his destiny and arrive on the shores of Italy\u2014in Roman mythology the founding act of Rome. Virgil's work has had wide and deep influence on Western literature, most notably Dante's Divine Comedy, in which Virgil appears as Dante's guide through hell and purgatory."}], ["Tradisi berpendapat bahawa Virgil dilahirkan di kampung Andes, berhampiran Mantua di Cisalpine Gaul. Analisis nama beliau telah membawa kepada kepercayaan bahawa dia turun dari kolonis Rom sebelumnya. Spekulasi moden akhirnya tidak disokong oleh bukti naratif sama ada dari tulisannya sendiri atau biografi yang kemudiannya. Macrobius mengatakan bahawa bapa Virgil adalah latar belakang yang rendah hati; Walau bagaimanapun, para sarjana umumnya percaya bahawa Virgil berasal dari keluarga pemilik tanah ekuestrian yang mampu memberikan pendidikan kepadanya. Dia menghadiri sekolah-sekolah di Cremona, Mediolanum, Rom dan Naples. Selepas mempertimbangkan secara ringkas kerjaya dalam retorik dan undang-undang, Virgil muda mengubah bakatnya untuk puisi. <> Di kampung mana tradisi percaya Virgil dilahirkan? || Andes <> Di mana bandar-bandar Virgil menghadiri sekolah? || Cremona, Mediolanum, Rom dan Naples <> Apakah kerjaya lain yang dilakukan oleh Virgil? || retorik dan undang-undang <> Yang jenis keluarga ahli ulama umumnya percaya Virgil milik? || Mempunyai tanah ekuestrian <> Adakah Macrobius percaya bapa Virgil berasal dari latar belakang yang dibesarkan atau rendah hati? || merendahkan <> Di manakah ayah Virgil dilahirkan? || <> Apa jenis keluarga yang ada Macrobius? || <> Apa bandar Virgil tinggal yang paling lama? || <> Di mana Macrobius dilahirkan? || <> Apa kerjaya yang dilakukan oleh bapa Virgil? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In which village does tradition believe Virgil was born?", "id": "56f7fe64aef2371900625d4a", "answers": [{"text": "Andes", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which cities did Virgil attend schools?", "id": "56f7fe64aef2371900625d4b", "answers": [{"text": "Cremona, Mediolanum, Rome and Naples", "answer_start": 530}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other career did Virgil consider?", "id": "56f7fe64aef2371900625d4c", "answers": [{"text": "rhetoric and law", "answer_start": 606}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which type of family do scholars generally believe Virgil belonged to?", "id": "56f7fe64aef2371900625d4d", "answers": [{"text": "equestrian landowning", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does Macrobius believe Virgil's father came from a distinguished or humble background?", "id": "56f7fe64aef2371900625d4e", "answers": [{"text": "humble", "answer_start": 354}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Naples", "answer_start": 560}], "question": "Where was Virgil's father born?", "id": "5a7e3c9870df9f001a8755fb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "an equestrian landowning family", "answer_start": 430}], "question": "What kind of family did Macrobius have?", "id": "5a7e3c9870df9f001a8755fc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Rome", "answer_start": 551}], "question": "What city did Virgil live the longest in?", "id": "5a7e3c9870df9f001a8755fd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mediolanum", "answer_start": 539}], "question": "Where was Macrobius born?", "id": "5a7e3c9870df9f001a8755fe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "rhetoric and law", "answer_start": 606}], "question": "What career did Virgil's father have?", "id": "5a7e3c9870df9f001a8755ff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The tradition holds that Virgil was born in the village of Andes, near Mantua in Cisalpine Gaul. Analysis of his name has led to beliefs that he descended from earlier Roman colonists. Modern speculation ultimately is not supported by narrative evidence either from his own writings or his later biographers. Macrobius says that Virgil's father was of a humble background; however, scholars generally believe that Virgil was from an equestrian landowning family which could afford to give him an education. He attended schools in Cremona, Mediolanum, Rome and Naples. After considering briefly a career in rhetoric and law, the young Virgil turned his talents to poetry."}], ["Publius Vergilius Maro (Latin Klasik: [pu\u02d0.bl\u026a.\u028as w\u025br\u0261\u026a.l\u026a.\u028as ma.ro\u02d0]; 15 Oktober 70 SM - 21 September 19 SM), biasanya disebut Virgil atau Vergil / v\u025c\u02d0rd\u0292\u1d7bl / dalam bahasa Inggeris, adalah purba Penyair Rom pada zaman Augustan. Dia terkenal dengan tiga karya utama kesusasteraan Latin, Eclogues (atau Bucolics), Georgics, dan Aeneid epik. Beberapa puisi kecil, yang dikumpulkan dalam Appendix Vergiliana, kadang-kadang dikaitkan dengannya. <> Semasa tempoh itu adalah Vigil seorang penyair? || Augustan <> Berapa banyak karya kesusasteraan utama yang diketahui oleh Virgil? || tiga <> Epik Latin utama mana yang diketahui oleh Virgil? || Aeneid <> Apakah nama penuh Virgil? || Publius Vergilius Maro <> Koleksi puisi kecil yang kadangkala dikaitkan dengan Virgil? || Lampiran Vergiliana <> Apa kerja yang dilakukan oleh Virgil terlebih dahulu? || <> Apa tarikh Virgil menamatkan Aeneid? || <> Bilakah tempoh Augustan bermula? || <> Berapa banyak puisi oleh Virgil masih wujud hari ini? || <> Apakah karya Virgil yang paling terkenal? || <> Berapa banyak bab dalam Aeneid? || <> Apakah karya paling tidak diketahui oleh Virgil? || <> Bilakah Virgil menerbitkan puisi terakhirnya? || <> Apakah buku terpanjang Virgil? || <> Apakah bahasa pertama Aeneid diterjemahkan ke dalam? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "During which period was Vigil a poet?", "id": "56f7fa54aef2371900625d18", "answers": [{"text": "Augustan", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many major works of literature is Virgil known for?", "id": "56f7fa54aef2371900625d19", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which major Latin epic is Virgil known for?", "id": "56f7fa54aef2371900625d1a", "answers": [{"text": "Aeneid", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Virgil's full name?", "id": "56f7fa54aef2371900625d1b", "answers": [{"text": "Publius Vergilius Maro", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which collection of minor poems are sometimes attributed to Virgil?", "id": "56f7fa54aef2371900625d1c", "answers": [{"text": "Appendix Vergiliana", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Georgics", "answer_start": 308}], "question": "What work did Virgil write first?", "id": "5a7e0b0570df9f001a875457", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "September 21, 19 BC", "answer_start": 97}], "question": "What date did Virgil finish the Aeneid?", "id": "5a7e0b0570df9f001a875458", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "70 BC", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "When did the Augustan period start?", "id": "5a7e0b0570df9f001a875459", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 241}], "question": "How many poems by Virgil still exist today?", "id": "5a7e0b0570df9f001a87545a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the epic Aeneid", "answer_start": 326}], "question": "What is Virgil's most famous work?", "id": "5a7e0b0570df9f001a87545b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 241}], "question": "How many chapters are in the Aeneid?", "id": "5a7e69b748f7d9001a0636c1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Eclogues", "answer_start": 280}], "question": "What is Virgil's least famous work?", "id": "5a7e69b748f7d9001a0636c2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "September 21, 19 BC", "answer_start": 97}], "question": "When did Virgil publish his last poem?", "id": "5a7e69b748f7d9001a0636c3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Georgics", "answer_start": 308}], "question": "What is Virgil's longest book?", "id": "5a7e69b748f7d9001a0636c4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 166}], "question": "What was the first language the Aeneid was translated into?", "id": "5a7e69b748f7d9001a0636c5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Publius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [\u02c8pu\u02d0.bl\u026a.\u028as w\u025br\u02c8\u0261\u026a.l\u026a.\u028as \u02c8ma.ro\u02d0]; October 15, 70 BC \u2013 September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil /\u02c8v\u025c\u02d0rd\u0292\u1d7bl/ in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues (or Bucolics), the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid. A number of minor poems, collected in the Appendix Vergiliana, are sometimes attributed to him."}], ["Aeneid secara luas dianggap karya terbaik Virgil dan salah satu puisi yang paling penting dalam sejarah kesusasteraan barat. Virgil bekerja di Aeneid selama sebelas tahun terakhir dalam hidupnya (29-19 SM), ditugaskan, menurut Propertius, oleh Augustus. Puisi epik terdiri daripada 12 buah buku dalam ayat hexameter dactylic yang menggambarkan perjalanan Aeneas, seorang pahlawan melarikan diri karung Troy, ke Itali, pertempurannya dengan pangeran Itali Turnus, dan asas sebuah kota dari mana Roma akan muncul. Buku pertama Aeneid menggambarkan perjalanan Aeneas dari Troy ke Rom. Virgil menggunakan beberapa model dalam komposisi epiknya; Homer, penulis terkenal epik klasik, ada di mana-mana, tetapi Virgil juga menggunakan kegunaan khas penyair Latin Ennius dan penyair Helenistik Apollonius Rhodes di antara penulis-penulis lain yang dia maksudkan. Walaupun Aeneid memantapkan dirinya ke dalam mod epik, ia sering berusaha mengembangkan genre dengan memasukkan unsur-unsur genre lain seperti puisi tragedi dan aetiologi. Pengulas kuno mencatat bahawa Virgil nampaknya membahagikan Aeneid menjadi dua bahagian berdasarkan puisi Homer; enam buku pertama dilihat sebagai menggunakan Odyssey sebagai model manakala enam yang terakhir disambungkan ke Iliad. <> Antara karya Virgil yang paling banyak dianggap terbaik? || The Aeneid <> Who commissioned the Aeneid according to Propertius? || Augustus <> Berapa banyak buku dimasukkan ke dalam The Aeneid? || 12 <> Manakah dari karya Homer yang melakukan enam buku pertama dari model Aeneid selepas? || Odyssey <> Antara karya Homer yang mana enam buku terakhir Aeneid menyambung? || Iliad <> Berapa lama Virgil ketika dia meninggal? || <> Penyair mana yang menerbitkan karya yang paling? || <> Siapa yang menugaskan Iliad? || <> Antara karya Homer yang lebih lama, Iliad atau Odyssey? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which of Virgil's works is widely considered his finest?", "id": "56f8976b9b226e1400dd0c67", "answers": [{"text": "The Aeneid", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who commissioned the Aeneid according to Propertius?", "id": "56f8976b9b226e1400dd0c68", "answers": [{"text": "Augustus", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many books are included in The Aeneid?", "id": "56f8976b9b226e1400dd0c69", "answers": [{"text": "12", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of Homer's works did the first six books of the Aeneid model after?", "id": "56f8976b9b226e1400dd0c6a", "answers": [{"text": "Odyssey", "answer_start": 1220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of Homer's works did the last six books of the Aeneid connect to?", "id": "56f8976b9b226e1400dd0c6b", "answers": [{"text": "Iliad", "answer_start": 1280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "29", "answer_start": 197}], "question": "How old was Virgil when he died?", "id": "5a7e50c270df9f001a8756ff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ennius", "answer_start": 777}], "question": "Which poet published the most work?", "id": "5a7e50c270df9f001a875701", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Apollonius", "answer_start": 809}], "question": "Who commissioned the Iliad?", "id": "5a7e50c270df9f001a875702", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Odyssey", "answer_start": 1216}], "question": "Which of Homer's works was longer, the Iliad or the Odyssey?", "id": "5a7e50c270df9f001a875703", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Aeneid is widely considered Virgil's finest work and one of the most important poems in the history of western literature. Virgil worked on the Aeneid during the last eleven years of his life (29\u201319 BC), commissioned, according to Propertius, by Augustus. The epic poem consists of 12 books in dactylic hexameter verse which describe the journey of Aeneas, a warrior fleeing the sack of Troy, to Italy, his battle with the Italian prince Turnus, and the foundation of a city from which Rome would emerge. The Aeneid's first six books describe the journey of Aeneas from Troy to Rome. Virgil made use of several models in the composition of his epic; Homer, the preeminent author of classical epic, is everywhere present, but Virgil also makes special use of the Latin poet Ennius and the Hellenistic poet Apollonius of Rhodes among the various other writers to which he alludes. Although the Aeneid casts itself firmly into the epic mode, it often seeks to expand the genre by including elements of other genres such as tragedy and aetiological poetry. Ancient commentators noted that Virgil seems to divide the Aeneid into two sections based on the poetry of Homer; the first six books were viewed as employing the Odyssey as a model while the last six were connected to the Iliad."}], ["Menurut pengulas, Virgil menerima pendidikan pertamanya ketika dia berusia lima tahun dan kemudian pergi ke Cremona, Milan, dan akhirnya Rom belajar retorik, perubatan, dan astronomi, yang kemudiannya ditinggalkan untuk falsafah. Dari rujukan Rahim Virgil kepada penulis neoterik Pollio dan Cinna, telah disimpulkan bahawa dia, untuk sementara waktu, dikaitkan dengan lingkaran neoterik Catullus. Walau bagaimanapun teman sekolahnya menganggap Virgil sangat malu dan terpelihara, menurut Servius, dan dia digelar \"Parthenias\" atau \"sulung\" kerana kesopanan sosialnya. Virgil nampaknya telah mengalami kesihatan yang tidak baik sepanjang hidupnya dan dalam beberapa cara menjalani kehidupan yang tidak sah. Menurut Catalepton, semasa di sekolah Epicurean Siro Epicurean di Naples, dia mula menulis puisi. Sekumpulan karya kecil yang dikaitkan dengan Virgil muda oleh para komentator bertahan dikumpulkan di bawah tajuk Appendix Vergiliana, tetapi sebahagian besarnya dianggap palsu oleh para ulama. Satu, Catalepton, terdiri daripada empat belas puisi pendek, beberapa daripadanya mungkin Virgil, dan satu lagi, puisi naratif pendek berjudul Culex (\"The Gnat\"), dikaitkan dengan Virgil seawal abad ke-1 Masehi. <> Tiga kajian yang mana Virgil meninggalkan falsafah? || retorik, perubatan, dan astronomi <> Bagaimana Virgil dianggap sosial oleh rakan sekolahnya? || sangat malu dan terpelihara <> Apakah nama samaran Virgil itu? || Parthenias <> Bagaimana Virgil memperoleh gelarannya \"Parthenias\" atau \"sulung\"? || kesopanan sosial <> Yang puisi naratif yang pendek dikaitkan dengan Virgil seawal abad ke-1 AD? || Culex <> Apa yang Cinna belajar? || <> Apa yang difikirkan oleh kawan-kawannya seperti Catullus? || <> Masalah apa yang ada di Servius? || <> Berapa banyak stanza dalam puisi Culex itu? || <> Di mana Pollio hidup? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which three studies did Virgil abandon for philosophy?", "id": "56f89312aef23719006261c4", "answers": [{"text": "rhetoric, medicine, and astronomy", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How was Virgil regarded socially by his schoolmates?", "id": "56f89312aef23719006261c5", "answers": [{"text": "extremely shy and reserved", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Virgil's nickname?", "id": "56f89312aef23719006261c6", "answers": [{"text": "Parthenias", "answer_start": 507}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did Virgil earn his nickname \"Parthenias\" or \"maiden\"?", "id": "56f89312aef23719006261c7", "answers": [{"text": "social aloofness", "answer_start": 546}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which short narrative poem was attributed to Virgil as early as the 1st century AD?", "id": "56f89312aef23719006261c8", "answers": [{"text": "the Culex", "answer_start": 1100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "medicine", "answer_start": 167}], "question": "What did Cinna study?", "id": "5a7e3e1f70df9f001a875623", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "shy", "answer_start": 445}], "question": "What did his friends think Catullus was like?", "id": "5a7e3e1f70df9f001a875624", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "bad health", "answer_start": 594}], "question": "What problem did Servius have?", "id": "5a7e3e1f70df9f001a875625", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fourteen", "answer_start": 1004}], "question": "How many stanzas are in the poem the Culex?", "id": "5a7e3e1f70df9f001a875626", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Milan", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "Where did Pollio live?", "id": "5a7e3e1f70df9f001a875627", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to the commentators, Virgil received his first education when he was five years old and he later went to Cremona, Milan, and finally Rome to study rhetoric, medicine, and astronomy, which he soon abandoned for philosophy. From Virgil's admiring references to the neoteric writers Pollio and Cinna, it has been inferred that he was, for a time, associated with Catullus' neoteric circle. However schoolmates considered Virgil extremely shy and reserved, according to Servius, and he was nicknamed \"Parthenias\" or \"maiden\" because of his social aloofness. Virgil seems to have suffered bad health throughout his life and in some ways lived the life of an invalid. According to the Catalepton, while in the Epicurean school of Siro the Epicurean at Naples, he began to write poetry. A group of small works attributed to the youthful Virgil by the commentators survive collected under the title Appendix Vergiliana, but are largely considered spurious by scholars. One, the Catalepton, consists of fourteen short poems, some of which may be Virgil's, and another, a short narrative poem titled the Culex (\"The Gnat\"), was attributed to Virgil as early as the 1st century AD."}], ["Pada desakan Maecenas (menurut tradisi) Virgil menghabiskan tahun-tahun berikutnya (mungkin 37-29 SM) dalam puisi hexameter panjang didaktik yang dipanggil Georgics (dari bahasa Yunani, \"On Working the Earth\") yang ia dedikasikan untuk Maecenas. Tema yang terkenal dari Georgics adalah pengajaran dalam cara menjalankan ladang. Dalam mengendalikan tema ini, Virgil mengikuti tradisi didaktik (\"bagaimana\") penyair Yunani Hesiod's Works and Days dan beberapa karya penyair Hellenistic yang kemudian. Empat buku fonetik Georgics masing-masing memupuk tanaman dan pokok (1 dan 2), ternakan dan kuda (3), dan pembiakan lebah dan sifat-sifat lebah (4). Petikan-petikan yang terkenal termasuk Laus Italiae Buku 2 yang dicintai, perihalan tentang kuil di dalam Buku 3, dan penjelasan wabak pada akhir Buku 3. Buku 4 menyimpulkan dengan naratif mitos yang panjang, dalam bentuk epyllion yang menggambarkan dengan jelas penemuan beekeeping oleh Aristaeus dan kisah perjalanan Orpheus ke neraka. Para cendikiawan kuno, seperti Servius, menganggap bahawa episod Aristaeus diganti, atas permintaan sang kaisar, seksyen panjang dalam pujian terhadap sahabat Virgil, penyair Gallus, yang dimalukan oleh Augustus, dan yang membunuh diri pada tahun 26 SM. <> Yang lama puisi hexameter didaktik telah dilakukan Virgil selama beberapa tahun? || Georgics <> Kepada siapa yang didedikasikan oleh Georgics? || Maecenas <> Tema Georgics adalah arahan dalam kaedah apa? || menjalankan ladang <> Antara sahabat penyair Virgil yang membunuh diri pada 26 SM? || Gallus <> Siapa Gallus dipermalukan? || Augustus <> Siapa yang dapat menanam tanaman? || <> Berapa banyak puisi yang ditulis oleh Hesiod? || <> Apa yang ditulis oleh penyair Gallus tentang kebanyakan? || <> Apakah profesi Maecenas? || <> Apa jenis puisi yang ditulis Hesiod? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which long didactic hexameter poem did Virgil work on for several years?", "id": "56f8961a9e9bad19000a018b", "answers": [{"text": "Georgics", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To whom was Georgics dedicated to?", "id": "56f8961a9e9bad19000a018c", "answers": [{"text": "Maecenas", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The theme of Georgics is instruction in the methods of what?", "id": "56f8961a9e9bad19000a018d", "answers": [{"text": "running a farm", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of Virgil's poet friends committed suicide in 26 BC?", "id": "56f8961a9e9bad19000a018e", "answers": [{"text": "Gallus", "answer_start": 1174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Gallus disgraced by?", "id": "56f8961a9e9bad19000a018f", "answers": [{"text": "Augustus", "answer_start": 1203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Aristaeus", "answer_start": 947}], "question": "Who discovered how to raise crops?", "id": "5a7e48f570df9f001a875687", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "4", "answer_start": 817}], "question": "How many poems did Hesiod write?", "id": "5a7e48f570df9f001a875688", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "beekeeping", "answer_start": 600}], "question": "What did the poet Gallus write about most?", "id": "5a7e48f570df9f001a875689", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "raising crops", "answer_start": 535}], "question": "What was Maecenas' profession?", "id": "5a7e48f570df9f001a87568a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hexameter", "answer_start": 124}], "question": "What kind of poems did Hesiod write?", "id": "5a7e48f570df9f001a87568b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "At Maecenas' insistence (according to the tradition) Virgil spent the ensuing years (perhaps 37\u201329 BC) on the long didactic hexameter poem called the Georgics (from Greek, \"On Working the Earth\") which he dedicated to Maecenas. The ostensible theme of the Georgics is instruction in the methods of running a farm. In handling this theme, Virgil follows in the didactic (\"how to\") tradition of the Greek poet Hesiod's Works and Days and several works of the later Hellenistic poets. The four books of the Georgics focus respectively on raising crops and trees (1 and 2), livestock and horses (3), and beekeeping and the qualities of bees (4). Well-known passages include the beloved Laus Italiae of Book 2, the prologue description of the temple in Book 3, and the description of the plague at the end of Book 3. Book 4 concludes with a long mythological narrative, in the form of an epyllion which describes vividly the discovery of beekeeping by Aristaeus and the story of Orpheus' journey to the underworld. Ancient scholars, such as Servius, conjectured that the Aristaeus episode replaced, at the emperor's request, a long section in praise of Virgil's friend, the poet Gallus, who was disgraced by Augustus, and who committed suicide in 26 BC."}], ["Tradisi biografi menegaskan bahawa Virgil memulakan heksameter Eclogues (atau Bucolics) pada 42 SM dan dianggap bahawa koleksi itu diterbitkan sekitar 39-38 SM, walaupun ini kontroversi. The Eclogues (dari bahasa Yunani untuk \"pilihan\") adalah sekumpulan sepuluh puisi kira-kira dimodelkan pada puisi hexameter bucolik (\"puisi pastoral\") penyair Helenistik Theocritus. Selepas kemenangannya di Pertempuran Philippi pada tahun 42 SM, memerangi tentera yang diketuai oleh pembunuhan Julius Caesar, Octavian cuba untuk membayar veterannya dengan tanah yang dirampas dari bandar-bandar di Itali utara, kononnya termasuk, menurut tradisi, ladang berhampiran Mantua milik Virgil. Kehilangan ladang keluarganya dan percubaan melalui petisyen puitis untuk mendapatkan semula hartanya secara tradisional dilihat sebagai motif Virgil dalam komposisi Eclogues. Ini kini dianggap sebagai kesimpulan yang tidak disokong daripada tafsiran Eclogues. Dalam Eclogues 1 dan 9, Virgil sememangnya meremehkan perasaan yang berlainan yang disebabkan oleh kekejaman perampasan tanah melalui ungkapan pastoral, tetapi tidak memberikan bukti yang tidak dapat dipertikaikan tentang insiden biografi yang sepatutnya. Walaupun sesetengah pembaca telah mengenal pasti penyair sendiri dengan pelbagai watak dan kebangkitan mereka, sama ada penghormatan oleh seorang wanita lama kepada tuhan baru (Ecl 1), cinta kecewa oleh seorang penyanyi kampung untuk seorang lelaki yang jauh (haiwan kesayangan tuannya, Ecl 2) , atau tuntutan penyanyi tuan telah membentuk beberapa ekologi (Ecl.5), para sarjana moden sebahagian besar menolak usaha tersebut untuk mendapatkan butiran biografi daripada karya fiksyen, lebih suka menafsirkan watak dan tema penulis sebagai ilustrasi kehidupan dan pemikiran kontemporari. Sepuluh Eclogues menyajikan tema pastoral tradisional dengan perspektif yang segar. Eclogues 1 dan 9 menangani perampasan tanah dan kesannya di pedesaan Itali. 2 dan 3 adalah pastoral dan erotik, membincangkan kedua-dua cinta homoseksual (Ecl 2) dan daya tarik terhadap orang-orang dari mana-mana jantina (Ecl 3). Eclogue 4, yang dialamatkan kepada Asinius Pollio, yang dipanggil \"Mesianik Eclogue\" menggunakan imejan zaman kegemilangan berkaitan dengan kelahiran seorang kanak-kanak (yang dimaksudkan untuk menjadi perdebatan). 5 dan 8 menggambarkan mitos Daphnis dalam pertandingan lagu, 6, lagu kosmik dan mitologi Silenus; 7, pertandingan puitis yang dipanaskan, dan 10 penderitaan penyair elegiac kontemporari Cornelius Gallus. Virgil dikreditkan [oleh siapa?] Di Eclogues dengan menubuhkan Arcadia sebagai ideal puisi yang masih bergema dalam kesusasteraan barat dan seni visual dan menetapkan pentas untuk pembangunan pastoral Latin oleh Calpurnius Siculus, Nemesianus, dan penulis kemudian. <> Penyair Helenistik yang mana yang dikenali untuk puisi heksameter bucolik? || Theocritus <> Siapa yang cuba membayar veteran dengan tanah, ada yang mungkin milik Virgil? || Octavian <> Kehilangan ladang famiil Virgil dan percubaan untuk mendapatkan kembali hartanya walaupun puisi adalah motif yang disimpulkan untuk kerja itu? || Eclogues <> Kepada siapa yang Eclogue 4 ditujukan? || Asinius Pollio <> Yang Eclogues membincangkan cinta homoseksual? || Ecl. 2 <> Bahasa apa yang ditulis oleh Virgil? || <> Bilakah Theocritus menerbitkan karya terakhirnya? || <> Tema apa yang Virgil menulis mengenai yang paling kerap? || <> Di mana Octavian hidup? || <> Berapa banyak buku puisi yang ditulis oleh Cornelius Gallus? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which Hellenistic poet was known for bucolic hexameter poetry?", "id": "56f894a19b226e1400dd0c40", "answers": [{"text": "Theocritus", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who tried to pay off veterans with land, some of which possibly belonged to Virgil?", "id": "56f894a19b226e1400dd0c41", "answers": [{"text": "Octavian", "answer_start": 493}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Virgil's loss of his famiyl farm and the attempt to regain his property though poetry was the inferred motive for which work?", "id": "56f894a19b226e1400dd0c42", "answers": [{"text": "Eclogues", "answer_start": 845}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To whom was Eclogue 4 addressed to?", "id": "56f894a19b226e1400dd0c43", "answers": [{"text": "Asinius Pollio", "answer_start": 2004}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Eclogues discusses homosexual love?", "id": "56f894a19b226e1400dd0c44", "answers": [{"text": "Ecl. 2", "answer_start": 1919}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Greek", "answer_start": 223}], "question": "What language was Virgil's work written in?", "id": "5a7e408270df9f001a875649", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "38 BC", "answer_start": 161}], "question": "When did Theocritus publish his last work?", "id": "5a7e408270df9f001a87564a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "gratitude", "answer_start": 1271}], "question": "What theme did Virgil write about the most often?", "id": "5a7e408270df9f001a87564b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Italy", "answer_start": 578}], "question": "Where did Octavian live?", "id": "5a7e408270df9f001a87564c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "4", "answer_start": 1988}], "question": "How many books of poetry did Cornelius Gallus write?", "id": "5a7e408270df9f001a87564d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The biographical tradition asserts that Virgil began the hexameter Eclogues (or Bucolics) in 42 BC and it is thought that the collection was published around 39\u201338 BC, although this is controversial. The Eclogues (from the Greek for \"selections\") are a group of ten poems roughly modeled on the bucolic hexameter poetry (\"pastoral poetry\") of the Hellenistic poet Theocritus. After his victory in the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC, fought against the army led by the assassins of Julius Caesar, Octavian tried to pay off his veterans with land expropriated from towns in northern Italy, supposedly including, according to the tradition, an estate near Mantua belonging to Virgil. The loss of his family farm and the attempt through poetic petitions to regain his property have traditionally been seen as Virgil's motives in the composition of the Eclogues. This is now thought to be an unsupported inference from interpretations of the Eclogues. In Eclogues 1 and 9, Virgil indeed dramatizes the contrasting feelings caused by the brutality of the land expropriations through pastoral idiom, but offers no indisputable evidence of the supposed biographic incident. While some readers have identified the poet himself with various characters and their vicissitudes, whether gratitude by an old rustic to a new god (Ecl. 1), frustrated love by a rustic singer for a distant boy (his master's pet, Ecl. 2), or a master singer's claim to have composed several eclogues (Ecl. 5), modern scholars largely reject such efforts to garner biographical details from works of fiction, preferring to interpret an author's characters and themes as illustrations of contemporary life and thought. The ten Eclogues present traditional pastoral themes with a fresh perspective. Eclogues 1 and 9 address the land confiscations and their effects on the Italian countryside. 2 and 3 are pastoral and erotic, discussing both homosexual love (Ecl. 2) and attraction toward people of any gender (Ecl. 3). Eclogue 4, addressed to Asinius Pollio, the so-called \"Messianic Eclogue\" uses the imagery of the golden age in connection with the birth of a child (who the child was meant to be has been subject to debate). 5 and 8 describe the myth of Daphnis in a song contest, 6, the cosmic and mythological song of Silenus; 7, a heated poetic contest, and 10 the sufferings of the contemporary elegiac poet Cornelius Gallus. Virgil is credited[by whom?] in the Eclogues with establishing Arcadia as a poetic ideal that still resonates in Western literature and visual arts and setting the stage for the development of Latin pastoral by Calpurnius Siculus, Nemesianus, and later writers."}], ["Dante membuat Virgil sebagai pemandunya di Neraka dan sebahagian besar Purgatory di The Comedy Divine. Dante juga menyebut Virgil dalam De vulgari eloquentia, bersama dengan Ovid, Lucan dan Statius, sebagai salah satu daripada empat regulati poetae (ii, vi, 7). <> Di mana karya Dante adalah Virgil panduan melalui Neraka dan Purgatory? || Komedi Ilahi <> Siapa pengarang Komedi Ilahi? || Dante <> Siapa yang menjadi panduan Dante melalui Purgatory and Hell dalam Komedi Ilahi? || Virgil <> Berapa banyak buku yang ditulis Dante? || <> Siapa pengarang kegemaran Dante? || <> Apa buku terpanjang Dante? || <> Penyair mana yang lebih terkenal, Lucan atau Statius? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In which of Dante's works was Virgil a guide through Hell and Purgatory?", "id": "56f8a0ae9e9bad19000a0201", "answers": [{"text": "Divine Comedy", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the author of the Divine Comedy?", "id": "56f8a0ae9e9bad19000a0202", "answers": [{"text": "Dante", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Dante's guide through Purgatory and Hell in the Divine Comedy?", "id": "56f8a0ae9e9bad19000a0203", "answers": [{"text": "Virgil", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "7", "answer_start": 225}], "question": "How many books did Dante write?", "id": "5a7e620448f7d9001a06368f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ovid", "answer_start": 156}], "question": "Who was Dante's favorite author?", "id": "5a7e620448f7d9001a063690", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Divine Comedy", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "What was Dante's longest book?", "id": "5a7e620448f7d9001a063691", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Statius", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "Which poet was more famous, Lucan or Statius?", "id": "5a7e620448f7d9001a063692", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Dante made Virgil his guide in Hell and the greater part of Purgatory in The Divine Comedy. Dante also mentions Virgil in De vulgari eloquentia, along with Ovid, Lucan and Statius, as one of the four regulati poetae (ii, vi, 7)."}], ["Walaupun kekaisaran Rom Barat runtuh, orang-orang celik mengakui bahawa Virgil adalah penyair tuan. Gregory of Tours membaca Virgil, yang dia sebutkan di beberapa tempat, bersama dengan beberapa penyair Latin lain, walaupun dia memberi amaran bahawa \"kita tidak sepatutnya mengaitkan dongeng-dongeng bohong mereka, supaya kita tidak dibawah hukuman mati kekal.\" <> Siapa yang memperingatkan \"kita tidak sepatutnya mengaitkan cerita-cerita bohong mereka, supaya kita tidak dibawah hukuman mati kekal\"? || Gregory of Tours <> Orang-orang yang beragama mengakui Virgil sebagai penyair tuan ternja walaupun empayar apa runtuh? || Roman Barat <> Adakah orang-orang melek huruf mengakui Virgil sebagai penyair tuan atau pemula? || master <> Apakah profesi Gregory of Tours? || <> Di manakah Gregory of Tours hidup? || <> Siapa yang berkaitan dengan dongeng dalam karya Virgil? || <> Bahasa apa yang ditulis oleh Gregory Tours? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who cautioned \"we ought not to relate their lying fables, lest we fall under sentence of eternal death\"?", "id": "56f89fdc9b226e1400dd0cf3", "answers": [{"text": "Gregory of Tours", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Literate men acknowledged Virgil as a master poet despite what empire collapsing?", "id": "56f89fdc9b226e1400dd0cf4", "answers": [{"text": "Western Roman", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Did literate men acknowledge Virgil as a master or novice poet?", "id": "56f89fdc9b226e1400dd0cf5", "answers": [{"text": "master", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "poet", "answer_start": 95}], "question": "What was Gregory of Tours profession?", "id": "5a7e60bd48f7d9001a063687", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Western Roman empire", "answer_start": 8}], "question": "Where did Gregory of Tours live?", "id": "5a7e60bd48f7d9001a063688", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "poets", "answer_start": 193}], "question": "Who related to the fables in Virgil's work?", "id": "5a7e60bd48f7d9001a063689", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Latin", "answer_start": 187}], "question": "What language did Gregory of Tours write in?", "id": "5a7e60bd48f7d9001a06368a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Even as the Western Roman empire collapsed, literate men acknowledged that Virgil was a master poet. Gregory of Tours read Virgil, whom he quotes in several places, along with some other Latin poets, though he cautions that \"we ought not to relate their lying fables, lest we fall under sentence of eternal death.\""}], ["The Aeneid nampaknya telah berjaya. Virgil dikatakan telah membaca Buku 2, 4, dan 6 hingga Augustus; dan Buku 6 nampaknya menyebabkan Octavia kakak Augustus menjadi lemah. Walaupun kebenaran dakwaan ini tertakluk kepada keraguan ilmiah, ia telah menjadi asas untuk seni kemudian, seperti Virgil Reading Jean-Baptiste Wicar yang Aeneid. <> Buku manakah yang menyebabkan kakak perempuan Augustus menjadi lemah? || 6 <> Apakah tajuk karya seni Jean-Baptiste Wicar yang diilhamkan oleh Aeneid? || Virgil Membaca Aeneid <> Siapa yang Virgil membaca Buku 2, 4, dan 6 dari Aeneid? || Augustus <> Berapa banyak lukisan yang dilakukan Jean-Baptiste Wicar berdasarkan kehidupan Virgil? || <> Adakah pengkritik memanggil lukisan \"Virgil Reading the Aeneid\" kejayaan besar atau kegagalan? || <> Berapa banyak puisi melakukan komisen Augustus dari Virgil? || <> Apa nama seorang ulama yang meragui tuntutan bahawa kakak Augustus pengsan ketika Virgil membacakan Aeneid? || <> Buku apa yang Aeneid adalah yang paling lama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which book supposedly caused Augustus' sister to faint?", "id": "56f89b409b226e1400dd0cb1", "answers": [{"text": "6", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the title of Jean-Baptiste Wicar's artwork inspired by the Aeneid?", "id": "56f89b409b226e1400dd0cb2", "answers": [{"text": "Virgil Reading the Aeneid", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Virgil recite Books 2, 4, and 6 of the Aeneid to?", "id": "56f89b409b226e1400dd0cb3", "answers": [{"text": "Augustus", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "4", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "How many paintings did Jean-Baptiste Wicar base on Virgil's life?", "id": "5a7e596970df9f001a8757ab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a great success", "answer_start": 32}], "question": "Did critics call the painting \"Virgil Reading the Aeneid\" a great success or a failure?", "id": "5a7e596970df9f001a8757ac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "6", "answer_start": 120}], "question": "How many poems did Augustus commission from Virgil?", "id": "5a7e596970df9f001a8757ad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jean-Baptiste Wicar", "answer_start": 292}], "question": "What was the name of a scholar that doubted claims that Augustus' sister fainted when Virgil recited the Aeneid?", "id": "5a7e596970df9f001a8757ae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2", "answer_start": 86}], "question": "What book of the Aeneid is the longest?", "id": "5a7e596970df9f001a8757af", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Aeneid appears to have been a great success. Virgil is said to have recited Books 2, 4, and 6 to Augustus; and Book 6 apparently caused Augustus' sister Octavia to faint. Although the truth of this claim is subject to scholarly scepticism, it has served as a basis for later art, such as Jean-Baptiste Wicar's Virgil Reading the Aeneid."}], ["Pada Zaman Pertengahan, reputasi Virgil sedemikian rupa sehingga ia mengilhami legenda mengaitkannya dengan sihir dan nubuatan. Dari sekurang-kurangnya abad ke-3, pemikir Kristian menafsirkan Eclogues 4, yang menggambarkan kelahiran seorang budak lelaki yang memasuki zaman keemasan, sebagai ramalan kelahiran Yesus. Oleh itu, Virgil dilihat pada tahap yang sama seperti nabi-nabi Ibrani di dalam Alkitab sebagai orang yang telah menyuarakan kekristianan. <> Antara karya Virgil yang dikatakan oleh beberapa orang telah meramalkan kelahiran Yesus? || Eclogues 4 <> Agama mana yang telah dipertimbangkan oleh Virgil? || Kekristianan <> Dalam tempoh masa apakah reputasi Virgil mengilhami legenda mengaitkannya dengan sihir dan nubuatan? || Zaman Pertengahan <> Apa yang dikatakan Virgil mengenai yang paling? || <> Siapa yang pertama meramalkan kelahiran Yesus? || <> Apakah agama yang dilakukan oleh Virgil? || <> Bilakah Virgil meramalkan Yesus akan dilahirkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which of Virgil's works was said by some to have predicted Jesus' birth?", "id": "56f8a1fc9b226e1400dd0d13", "answers": [{"text": "Eclogues 4", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which religion did some consider Virgil to have heralded in?", "id": "56f8a1fc9b226e1400dd0d14", "answers": [{"text": "Christianity", "answer_start": 394}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During which time period did Virgil's reputation inspire legends associating him with magic and prophecy?", "id": "56f8a1fc9b226e1400dd0d15", "answers": [{"text": "Middle Ages", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "magic", "answer_start": 95}], "question": "What did Virgil write about the most?", "id": "5a7e641f48f7d9001a06369f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Hebrew prophets", "answer_start": 337}], "question": "Who was the first to predict Jesus's birth?", "id": "5a7e641f48f7d9001a0636a0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Christianity", "answer_start": 394}], "question": "What religion did Virgil follow?", "id": "5a7e641f48f7d9001a0636a1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the 3rd century", "answer_start": 129}], "question": "When did Virgil predict Jesus would be born?", "id": "5a7e641f48f7d9001a0636a2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the Middle Ages, Virgil's reputation was such that it inspired legends associating him with magic and prophecy. From at least the 3rd century, Christian thinkers interpreted Eclogues 4, which describes the birth of a boy ushering in a golden age, as a prediction of Jesus' birth. As such, Virgil came to be seen on a similar level as the Hebrew prophets of the Bible as one who had heralded Christianity."}], ["Buku 7 (bermula separuh Iliadik) dibuka dengan alamat kepada muse dan menceritakan kedatangan Aeneas di Itali dan pertunangan kepada Lavinia, putri Raja Latinus. Lavinia telah dijanjikan kepada Turnus, raja Rutulians, yang dibangkitkan untuk berperang oleh Fury Allecto, dan ibu Amata Lavinia. Dalam Buku 8, Aeneas bersekutu dengan Raja Evander, yang menduduki tapak masa depan Rom, dan diberi perisai baru dan perisai yang menggambarkan sejarah Rom. Buku 9 mencatatkan serangan oleh Nisus dan Euryalus pada Rutulians, Buku 10, kematian anak lelaki Evander Pallas, dan 11 kematian pahlawan pahlawan Volscian Camilla dan keputusan untuk menyelesaikan perang dengan pertarungan antara Aeneas dan Turnus. Aeneid berakhir dalam Buku 12 dengan mengambil bandar Latinus, kematian Amata, dan kekalahan Aeneas dan pembunuhan Turnus, yang permintaannya untuk belas kasihan ditolak. Buku akhir berakhir dengan imej jiwa Turnus yang meratapi ketika ia melarikan diri ke neraka. <> Kepada siapa Aeneas bertunangan? || Lavinia <> Raja yang mana sekutu Aeneas di dalam Buku 8 dari Aeneid? || Raja Evander <> Siapa yang telah berjanji untuk Lavinia? || Turnus <> Siapa yang diburu oleh peperangan oleh Fury Allecto dan ibu Amata Lavinia? || Turnus <> Apakah nama muse? || <> Berapa lama Pallas ketika dia meninggal? || <> Bagaimana Camilla mati? || <> Berapa tahun peperangan terakhir? || <> Yang berjanji Lavinia ke Turnus? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "To whom is Aeneas betrothed?", "id": "56f899199b226e1400dd0c8b", "answers": [{"text": "Lavinia", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which King does Aeneas ally with in Book 8 of the Aeneid?", "id": "56f899199b226e1400dd0c8c", "answers": [{"text": "King Evander", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who had Lavinia already been promised to?", "id": "56f899199b226e1400dd0c8d", "answers": [{"text": "Turnus", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is roused to war by the Fury Allecto and Amata Lavinia's mother?", "id": "56f899199b226e1400dd0c8e", "answers": [{"text": "Turnus", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Camilla", "answer_start": 611}], "question": "What is the muse's name?", "id": "5a7e53d870df9f001a875741", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "12", "answer_start": 717}], "question": "How old was Pallas when he died?", "id": "5a7e53d870df9f001a875742", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a duel", "answer_start": 659}], "question": "How did Camilla die?", "id": "5a7e53d870df9f001a875743", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "7", "answer_start": 5}], "question": "How many years did the war last?", "id": "5a7e53d870df9f001a875744", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Amata", "answer_start": 278}], "question": "Who promised Lavinia to Turnus?", "id": "5a7e53d870df9f001a875745", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Book 7 (beginning the Iliadic half) opens with an address to the muse and recounts Aeneas' arrival in Italy and betrothal to Lavinia, daughter of King Latinus. Lavinia had already been promised to Turnus, the king of the Rutulians, who is roused to war by the Fury Allecto, and Amata Lavinia's mother. In Book 8, Aeneas allies with King Evander, who occupies the future site of Rome, and is given new armor and a shield depicting Roman history. Book 9 records an assault by Nisus and Euryalus on the Rutulians, Book 10, the death of Evander's young son Pallas, and 11 the death of the Volscian warrior princess Camilla and the decision to settle the war with a duel between Aeneas and Turnus. The Aeneid ends in Book 12 with the taking of Latinus' city, the death of Amata, and Aeneas' defeat and killing of Turnus, whose pleas for mercy are spurned. The final book ends with the image of Turnus' soul lamenting as it flees to the underworld."}], ["Menurut tradisi, Virgil mengembara ke Greece pada sekitar 19 SM untuk merevisi Aeneid. Setelah bertemu Augustus di Athens dan memutuskan pulang ke rumah, Virgil menangkap demam semasa melawat sebuah bandar berhampiran Megara. Selepas menyeberang ke Itali dengan kapal, lemah dengan penyakit, Virgil meninggal dunia di pelabuhan Brundisium pada 21 September 19 SM. Augustus memerintahkan pelaksana sastera Virgil, Lucius Varius Rufus dan Plotius Tucca, untuk mengabaikan kehendak Virgil sendiri bahawa puisi itu dibakar, sebaliknya memerintahkan ia diterbitkan dengan sedikit perubahan editorial. Akibatnya, teks Aeneid yang wujud mungkin mengandungi kesalahan yang Virgil merancang untuk membetulkan sebelum penerbitan. Walau bagaimanapun, ketidaksempurnaan hanya jelas adalah beberapa baris ayat yang belum selesai metrik (iaitu bukan garis penuh hexameter dactylic). Sesetengah ulama berpendapat bahawa Virgil sengaja meninggalkan garis-garis metrik yang tidak lengkap ini untuk kesan dramatik. Lain-lain ketidaksempurnaan yang dikatakan tertakluk kepada perdebatan ilmiah. <> Menurut tradisi, di mana Virgil melakukan perjalanan pada tahun 19 SM untuk menyemak semula Aeneid? || Greece <> Di manakah Virgil mati? || Brundisium harbor <> Apa tarikh Virgil mati? || 21 September 19 SM <> Siapakah pelaku sasterawan Virgil? || Lucius Varius Rufus dan Plotius Tucca <> Apa keinginan Virgil lakukan Lucius Varius Rufus dan Plotius Tucca mengabaikan? || puisi dibakar <> Di manakah Augustus mati? || <> Apa tarikh Aeneid diterbitkan? || <> Apa kematian Augustus? || <> Di mana Aeneid pertama kali diterbitkan? || <> Tepat berapa banyak baris belum selesai di Aeneid? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "According to tradition, where did Virgil travel in 19 BC to revise the Aeneid?", "id": "56f89d879b226e1400dd0cc1", "answers": [{"text": "Greece", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Virgil die?", "id": "56f89d879b226e1400dd0cc2", "answers": [{"text": "Brundisium harbor", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What date did Virgil die?", "id": "56f89d879b226e1400dd0cc3", "answers": [{"text": "September 21, 19 BC", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were Virgil's literary executors?", "id": "56f89d879b226e1400dd0cc4", "answers": [{"text": "Lucius Varius Rufus and Plotius Tucca", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What wish of Virgil's did Lucius Varius Rufus and Plotius Tucca disregard?", "id": "56f89d879b226e1400dd0cc5", "answers": [{"text": "the poem be burned", "answer_start": 444}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Brundisium harbor", "answer_start": 281}], "question": "Where did Augustus die?", "id": "5a7e5d5448f7d9001a0635bd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "September 21, 19 BC", "answer_start": 302}], "question": "What date was the Aeneid published?", "id": "5a7e5d5448f7d9001a0635be", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a fever", "answer_start": 167}], "question": "What did Augustus die from?", "id": "5a7e5d5448f7d9001a0635bf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Italy", "answer_start": 228}], "question": "Where was the Aeneid first published?", "id": "5a7e5d5448f7d9001a0635c0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "19", "answer_start": 63}], "question": "Exactly how many unfinished lines are in the Aeneid?", "id": "5a7e5d5448f7d9001a0635c1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "According to the tradition, Virgil traveled to Greece in about 19 BC to revise the Aeneid. After meeting Augustus in Athens and deciding to return home, Virgil caught a fever while visiting a town near Megara. After crossing to Italy by ship, weakened with disease, Virgil died in Brundisium harbor on September 21, 19 BC. Augustus ordered Virgil's literary executors, Lucius Varius Rufus and Plotius Tucca, to disregard Virgil's own wish that the poem be burned, instead ordering it published with as few editorial changes as possible. As a result, the text of the Aeneid that exists may contain faults which Virgil was planning to correct before publication. However, the only obvious imperfections are a few lines of verse that are metrically unfinished (i.e. not a complete line of dactylic hexameter). Some scholars have argued that Virgil deliberately left these metrically incomplete lines for dramatic effect. Other alleged imperfections are subject to scholarly debate."}], ["Mungkin seawal abad kedua AD, kerja-kerja Virgil dilihat sebagai mempunyai sifat-sifat ajaib dan digunakan untuk ramalan. Dalam apa yang dikenali sebagai Sortes Vergilianae (Virgilian Lots), petikan akan dipilih secara rawak dan ditafsirkan untuk menjawab soalan. Pada abad ke-12, bermula sekitar Naples tetapi akhirnya merebak secara meluas di seluruh Eropah, tradisi berkembang di mana Virgil dianggap sebagai ahli silap mata yang hebat. Legenda tentang Virgil dan kuasa sihirnya tetap popular selama lebih dari dua ratus tahun, boleh dikatakan menjadi terkenal sebagai tulisannya sendiri. Warisan Virgil di Wales zaman pertengahan sedemikian rupa sehingga versi Welsh namanya, Fferyllt atau Pheryllt, menjadi istilah generik untuk pekerja sihir, dan bertahan dalam perkataan Welsh moden untuk ahli farmasi, fferyllydd. <> Dimana tradisi bermula yang menganggap Virgil sebagai penyihir hebat? || Naples <> Berapa lamakah legenda kekuatan ajaib Virgil tetap popular? || lebih dua ratus tahun <> Apakah perkataan Welsh moden untuk phramacist? || fferyllydd <> Di manakah nama Virgil menjadi istilah generik untuk pekerja sihir? || Wales abad pertengahan <> Bilakah reputasi Virgil sebagai ahli silap mata besar bermula? || Abad ke-12 <> Di manakah tradisi melihat Virgil sebagai ahli silap mata yang paling lama paling lama? || <> Berapa lama diperlukan untuk legenda kuasa sihir Virgil untuk menyebar ke Eropah? || <> Di mana Virgil menulis puisinya? || <> Apa bahagian dunia yang Virgil menulis tentang? || <> Bilakah karya-karya Virgil yang paling popular? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did the tradition start which regarded Virgil as a great magician?", "id": "56f8a37b9e9bad19000a023f", "answers": [{"text": "Naples", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did legends of Virgil's magical powers remain popular?", "id": "56f8a37b9e9bad19000a0240", "answers": [{"text": "over two hundred years", "answer_start": 499}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the modern Welsh word for phramacist?", "id": "56f8a37b9e9bad19000a0241", "answers": [{"text": "fferyllydd", "answer_start": 777}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Virgil's name become a generic term for magic-worker?", "id": "56f8a37b9e9bad19000a0242", "answers": [{"text": "medieval Wales", "answer_start": 601}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Virgil's reputation as a great magician begin?", "id": "56f8a37b9e9bad19000a0243", "answers": [{"text": "12th century", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wales", "answer_start": 610}], "question": "Where did the tradition of seeing Virgil as a great magician last the longest?", "id": "5a7e672948f7d9001a0636ad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two hundred years", "answer_start": 504}], "question": "How long did it take for the legends of Virgil's magic powers to spread through Europe?", "id": "5a7e672948f7d9001a0636ae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Naples", "answer_start": 304}], "question": "Where did Virgil write his poetry?", "id": "5a7e672948f7d9001a0636af", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 354}], "question": "What part of the world did Virgil write the most about?", "id": "5a7e672948f7d9001a0636b0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the 12th century", "answer_start": 270}], "question": "When were Virgil's works the most popular?", "id": "5a7e672948f7d9001a0636b1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Possibly as early as the second century AD, Virgil's works were seen as having magical properties and were used for divination. In what became known as the Sortes Vergilianae (Virgilian Lots), passages would be selected at random and interpreted to answer questions. In the 12th century, starting around Naples but eventually spreading widely throughout Europe, a tradition developed in which Virgil was regarded as a great magician. Legends about Virgil and his magical powers remained popular for over two hundred years, arguably becoming as prominent as his writings themselves. Virgil's legacy in medieval Wales was such that the Welsh version of his name, Fferyllt or Pheryllt, became a generic term for magic-worker, and survives in the modern Welsh word for pharmacist, fferyllydd."}], ["Pengkritik Aeneid memberi tumpuan kepada pelbagai isu. Nada puisi secara keseluruhan adalah satu perkara perdebatan; sesetengah melihat puisi ini sebagai pesimis dan politik yang subversif pada akhirnya rejim Augustan, sementara yang lain memandangnya sebagai perayaan dinasti imperium yang baru. Virgil menggunakan simbolisme rejim Augustan, dan sesetengah ulama melihat persatuan kuat antara Augustus dan Aeneas, pendiri dan yang lain sebagai pengasas Rom. Teleologi yang kuat, atau memandu ke arah klimaks, telah dikesan dalam puisi. Aeneid penuh dengan nubuatan tentang masa depan Rom, perbuatan Augustus, nenek moyangnya, dan Roma terkenal, dan Perang Carthaginian; perisai Aeneas bahkan menggambarkan kemenangan Augustus di Actium melawan Mark Antony dan Cleopatra VII pada 31 SM. Tumpuan utama kajian adalah watak Aeneas. Sebagai protagonis puisi tersebut, Aeneas nampaknya sentiasa goyah antara emosi dan komitmennya terhadap kewajiban nubuatannya untuk mencari Rom; Pengkritik mencatat pecahan kawalan emosional Aeneas di bagian terakhir puisi di mana Aeneas yang \"saleh\" dan \"benar\" tidak berbuat jahat membunuh Turnus. <> Bilakah kemenangan Augustus di Actium terhadap Mark Antony dan Ceopatra VII berlaku? || 31 SM <> Siapa protagonis Aeneid? || Aeneas <> Siapa yang tanpa ampun disembelih oleh Aeneas? || Turnus <> Siapa pengasas Rom yang mana beberapa ulama melihat hubungan kuat dengan Aeneas? || Augustus <> Ketika Aeneid diterbitkan? || <> Di manakah Aeneas mengalahkan Turnus? || <> Di mana hidup Augustus? || <> Bagaimana perjuangan Augustus di Actium? || <> Apa bahagian dari Aeneid yang paling lama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Augustus' victory at Actium against Mark Antony and Ceopatra VII occur?", "id": "56f89a0c9e9bad19000a01af", "answers": [{"text": "31 BC", "answer_start": 789}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the protagonist of the Aeneid?", "id": "56f89a0c9e9bad19000a01b0", "answers": [{"text": "Aeneas", "answer_start": 881}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is mercilessly slaughtered by Aeneas?", "id": "56f89a0c9e9bad19000a01b1", "answers": [{"text": "Turnus", "answer_start": 1140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the founder of Rome which some scholars see strong associations with Aeneas?", "id": "56f89a0c9e9bad19000a01b2", "answers": [{"text": "Augustus", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "31 BC", "answer_start": 789}], "question": "When was the Aeneid published?", "id": "5a7e576e70df9f001a87575d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Actium", "answer_start": 741}], "question": "Where did Aeneas defeat Turnus?", "id": "5a7e576e70df9f001a87575e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Rome", "answer_start": 981}], "question": "Where did Augustus live?", "id": "5a7e576e70df9f001a87575f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mercilessly", "answer_start": 1117}], "question": "How did Augustus fight at Actium?", "id": "5a7e576e70df9f001a875760", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the last sections of the poem", "answer_start": 1046}], "question": "What part of the Aeneid is the longest?", "id": "5a7e576e70df9f001a875761", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Critics of the Aeneid focus on a variety of issues. The tone of the poem as a whole is a particular matter of debate; some see the poem as ultimately pessimistic and politically subversive to the Augustan regime, while others view it as a celebration of the new imperial dynasty. Virgil makes use of the symbolism of the Augustan regime, and some scholars see strong associations between Augustus and Aeneas, the one as founder and the other as re-founder of Rome. A strong teleology, or drive towards a climax, has been detected in the poem. The Aeneid is full of prophecies about the future of Rome, the deeds of Augustus, his ancestors, and famous Romans, and the Carthaginian Wars; the shield of Aeneas even depicts Augustus' victory at Actium against Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII in 31 BC. A further focus of study is the character of Aeneas. As the protagonist of the poem, Aeneas seems to waver constantly between his emotions and commitment to his prophetic duty to found Rome; critics note the breakdown of Aeneas' emotional control in the last sections of the poem where the \"pious\" and \"righteous\" Aeneas mercilessly slaughters Turnus."}], ["Buku 1 (di kepala bahagian Odyssean) dibuka dengan ribut yang Juno, musuh Aeneas 'sepanjang puisi, membangkitkan terhadap armada. Badai ini memacu wira ke pantai Carthage, yang secara sejarah adalah musuh paling dahsyat di Roma. Ratu, Dido, menyambut nenek moyang orang Rom, dan di bawah pengaruh dewa jatuh cinta dengannya. Pada jamuan dalam Buku 2, Aeneas menceritakan kisah Troy, kematian isterinya, dan pelariannya, kepada orang-orang Carthagin yang terpesona, ketika dalam Buku 3 dia menceritakan kepada mereka pengembaraannya di atas Mediterranean untuk mencari yang sesuai rumah baru. Musytari dalam Buku 4 mengingatkan kembali Aeneas untuk bertugas untuk mencari sebuah bandar baru, dan dia pergi dari Carthage, meninggalkan Dido untuk membunuh diri, mengutuk Aeneas dan memohon balas dendam dalam jangkaan simbolik perang sengit antara Carthage dan Rom. Dalam Buku 5, Aeneas ayah Anchises mati dan permainan pemakaman disambut untuknya. Apabila sampai di Cumae, di Itali dalam Buku 6, Aeneas berkonsultasi dengan Cumaean Sibyl, yang mengendalikannya melalui Underworld di mana Aeneas bertemu dengan Anchises yang mati yang mendedahkan takdir Rom kepada anaknya. <> Siapa musuh Aeneas di seluruh Aeneid? || Juno <> Ratu mana yang membunuh diri dalam Buku 4 dari Aeneid? || Dido <> Dalam buku manakah ayah Aeneas mati? || 5 <> Siapa yang mendedahkan takdir Rom ke Aeneas? || Anchises <> Who guides Aeneas through the Underworld? || Sibyl <> Siapa musuh Musytari di Aeneid? || <> Di manakah ayah Aeneas mati? || <> Berapa hari Aeneas bergerak melalui neraka? || <> Bagaimana isteri Aeneas mati? || <> Apakah Anchises berkata nasib Rom? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is Aeneas' enemy throughout the Aeneid?", "id": "56f8984c9b226e1400dd0c81", "answers": [{"text": "Juno", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which queen committed suicide in Book 4 of the Aeneid?", "id": "56f8984c9b226e1400dd0c82", "answers": [{"text": "Dido", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which book does Aeneas' father die?", "id": "56f8984c9b226e1400dd0c83", "answers": [{"text": "5", "answer_start": 871}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who reveals Rome's destiny to Aeneas?", "id": "56f8984c9b226e1400dd0c84", "answers": [{"text": "Anchises", "answer_start": 1087}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who guides Aeneas through the Underworld?", "id": "56f8984c9b226e1400dd0c85", "answers": [{"text": "Sibyl", "answer_start": 1012}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Dido", "answer_start": 726}], "question": "Who is Jupiter's enemy in the Aeneid?", "id": "5a7e526770df9f001a87572d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Carthage", "answer_start": 708}], "question": "Where did Aeneas' father die?", "id": "5a7e526770df9f001a87572e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "4", "answer_start": 621}], "question": "How many days did Aeneas travel through the underworld?", "id": "5a7e526770df9f001a87572f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "suicide", "answer_start": 741}], "question": "How did Aeneas' wife die?", "id": "5a7e526770df9f001a875730", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to found a new city", "answer_start": 664}], "question": "What did Anchises say Rome's destiny was?", "id": "5a7e526770df9f001a875731", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Book 1 (at the head of the Odyssean section) opens with a storm which Juno, Aeneas' enemy throughout the poem, stirs up against the fleet. The storm drives the hero to the coast of Carthage, which historically was Rome's deadliest foe. The queen, Dido, welcomes the ancestor of the Romans, and under the influence of the gods falls deeply in love with him. At a banquet in Book 2, Aeneas tells the story of the sack of Troy, the death of his wife, and his escape, to the enthralled Carthaginians, while in Book 3 he recounts to them his wanderings over the Mediterranean in search of a suitable new home. Jupiter in Book 4 recalls the lingering Aeneas to his duty to found a new city, and he slips away from Carthage, leaving Dido to commit suicide, cursing Aeneas and calling down revenge in a symbolic anticipation of the fierce wars between Carthage and Rome. In Book 5, Aeneas' father Anchises dies and funeral games are celebrated for him. On reaching Cumae, in Italy in Book 6, Aeneas consults the Cumaean Sibyl, who conducts him through the Underworld where Aeneas meets the dead Anchises who reveals Rome's destiny to his son."}], ["Kerja-kerja Virgil hampir dari masa penerbitan mereka merevolusikan puisi Latin. The Eclogues, Georgics, dan di atas semua Aeneid menjadi teks standard dalam kurikulum sekolah yang mana semua orang berpendidikan Rom biasa. Penyair yang mengikuti Virgil kerap merujuk interteks ke atas karya-karyanya untuk menghasilkan makna dalam puisi mereka sendiri. Ovid penyair Ovid parodies garis pembukaan Aeneid di Amores 1.1.1-2, dan ringkasannya mengenai kisah Aeneas dalam Buku 14 Metamorfosis, yang dipanggil \"mini-Aeneid\", telah dilihat sebagai sangat penting contoh respon post-Virgilian kepada genre epik. Epik Lucan, Bellum Civile telah dianggap sebagai epik anti-Virgilian, membuang dengan mekanisme ilahi, merawat peristiwa sejarah, dan menyimpang secara drastik dari amalan epik Virgilian. Penyair Flavian Statius dalam epik 12-buku Thebaid membawakannya dengan puisi Virgil; dalam epilognya, beliau menasihati puisinya agar tidak \"menyaingi Aeneid ilahi, tetapi mengikuti jauh dan sentiasa menghormati jejaknya.\" Di Silius Italicus, Virgil mendapati salah seorang penyokongnya yang paling bersemangat. Dengan hampir setiap baris epik Punica Silius merujuk Virgil. Malah, Silius dikenali telah membeli kubur Virgil dan menyembah penyair itu. Sebahagiannya sebagai hasil dari Ecologue Keempat yang disebutnya \"Mesianik\" -menerangkan secara meluas kemudiannya telah meramalkan kelahiran Yesus Kristus-Virgil pada zaman dahulu dianggap sebagai memiliki keahlian ajaib pelihat; Sortes Vergilianae, proses menggunakan puisi Virgil sebagai alat peramal, ditemui pada zaman Hadrian, dan terus ke Zaman Pertengahan. Dalam nada yang sama Macrobius di Saturnalia mengkreditkan karya Virgil sebagai penjelmaan pengetahuan dan pengalaman manusia, mencerminkan konsep Yunani Homer. Virgil juga mendapati komentator dalam zaman dahulu. Servius, seorang komentator abad ke-4 AD, berdasarkan karyanya atas komentar Donatus. Komentar Servius memberi kita banyak maklumat mengenai kehidupan, sumber dan rujukan Virgil; Walau bagaimanapun, ramai cendekiawan moden mendapati kualiti kerja yang berubah-ubah dan tafsiran yang kerap simplistik mengecewakan. <> Siapa yang merupakan penyokong Virgil yang paling bersemangat yang merujuk Virgil dalam hampir setiap baris epiknya? || Silius Italicus <>. Apa tajuk epik Silius Italicus di mana Virgil dirujuk di hampir setiap baris? || Punica <> Siapa yang membeli kubur Virgil? || Silius <> Yang mana karya Virgil kemudian diterjemahkan secara meluas untuk meramalkan kelahiran Yesus Kristus? || Empat Eclogue <> Antara karya Virgil yang paling kurang terkenal? || <> Siapa penyair pertama yang merujuk Virgil dalam karyanya? || <> Era apa yang dilakukan oleh Statius? || <> Siapa yang Silius Italicus membeli kubur Virgil dari? || <> Bilakah 12 buku epik Thebaid ditulis? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was one of Virgil's most ardent admirers who referenced Virgil in almost every line of his epic?", "id": "56f89eb29e9bad19000a01e5", "answers": [{"text": "Silius Italicus", "answer_start": 1028}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": ".What was the title of Silius Italicus' epic in which Virgil was referenced in almost every line?", "id": "56f89eb29e9bad19000a01e6", "answers": [{"text": "Punica", "answer_start": 1126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who bought Virgil's tomb?", "id": "56f89eb29e9bad19000a01e7", "answers": [{"text": "Silius", "answer_start": 1133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of Virgil's works was later widely interpreted to have predicted the birth of Jesus Christ?", "id": "56f89eb29e9bad19000a01e8", "answers": [{"text": "Fourth Eclogue", "answer_start": 1288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Eclogues", "answer_start": 93}], "question": "Which of Virgil's works was the least famous?", "id": "5a7e5f7448f7d9001a06367d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ovid", "answer_start": 352}], "question": "Who was the first poet to reference Virgil in his work?", "id": "5a7e5f7448f7d9001a06367e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Middle Ages", "answer_start": 1589}], "question": "What era did Statius live in?", "id": "5a7e5f7448f7d9001a06367f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lucan", "answer_start": 613}], "question": "Who did Silius Italicus buy Virgil's tomb from?", "id": "5a7e5f7448f7d9001a063680", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the 4th century AD", "answer_start": 1844}], "question": "When was the 12 book epic Thebaid written?", "id": "5a7e5f7448f7d9001a063681", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The works of Virgil almost from the moment of their publication revolutionized Latin poetry. The Eclogues, Georgics, and above all the Aeneid became standard texts in school curricula with which all educated Romans were familiar. Poets following Virgil often refer intertextually to his works to generate meaning in their own poetry. The Augustan poet Ovid parodies the opening lines of the Aeneid in Amores 1.1.1\u20132, and his summary of the Aeneas story in Book 14 of the Metamorphoses, the so-called \"mini-Aeneid\", has been viewed as a particularly important example of post-Virgilian response to the epic genre. Lucan's epic, the Bellum Civile has been considered an anti-Virgilian epic, disposing with the divine mechanism, treating historical events, and diverging drastically from Virgilian epic practice. The Flavian poet Statius in his 12-book epic Thebaid engages closely with the poetry of Virgil; in his epilogue he advises his poem not to \"rival the divine Aeneid, but follow afar and ever venerate its footsteps.\" In Silius Italicus, Virgil finds one of his most ardent admirers. With almost every line of his epic Punica Silius references Virgil. Indeed, Silius is known to have bought Virgil's tomb and worshipped the poet. Partially as a result of his so-called \"Messianic\" Fourth Eclogue\u2014widely interpreted later to have predicted the birth of Jesus Christ\u2014Virgil was in later antiquity imputed to have the magical abilities of a seer; the Sortes Vergilianae, the process of using Virgil's poetry as a tool of divination, is found in the time of Hadrian, and continued into the Middle Ages. In a similar vein Macrobius in the Saturnalia credits the work of Virgil as the embodiment of human knowledge and experience, mirroring the Greek conception of Homer. Virgil also found commentators in antiquity. Servius, a commentator of the 4th century AD, based his work on the commentary of Donatus. Servius' commentary provides us with a great deal of information about Virgil's life, sources, and references; however, many modern scholars find the variable quality of his work and the often simplistic interpretations frustrating."}], ["Struktur yang dikenali sebagai \"makam Virgil\" terdapat di pintu masuk sebuah terowong Roman purba (juga dikenali sebagai \"grotta vecchia\") di Piedigrotta, sebuah daerah dua batu dari pusat Naples, berhampiran pelabuhan Mergellina, di jalan menuju utara sepanjang pantai ke Pozzuoli. Walaupun Virgil sudah menjadi objek kekaguman sastera dan penghormatan sebelum kematiannya, pada Zaman Pertengahan namanya menjadi bersekutu dengan kuasa-kuasa ajaib, dan selama beberapa abad makamnya adalah destinasi ziarah dan penghormatan. <> Dalam tempoh masa apakah nama Virgil dikaitkan dengan kekuatan miraclous? || Zaman Pertengahan <> Di mana daerah adalah \"makam Virgil\" terletak? || Piedigrotta <> Apakah pintu masuk terowong Roman kuno di mana \"makam Virgil\" terletak juga dipanggil? || grotta vecchia <> Di manakah Virgil mati? || <> Di manakah peziarah melewati perjalanan ke makam Virgil? || <> Di manakah kebanyakan jemaah haji datang? || <> Bilakah buku-buku Virgil yang paling banyak dibaca? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "During which time period did Virgil's name become associated with miraclous powers?", "id": "56f8a5a89b226e1400dd0d45", "answers": [{"text": "Middle Ages", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which district is \"Virgil's tomb\" located?", "id": "56f8a5a89b226e1400dd0d46", "answers": [{"text": "Piedigrotta", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the entrance of the ancient Roman tunnel where \"Virgil's tomb\" is located also called?", "id": "56f8a5a89b226e1400dd0d47", "answers": [{"text": "grotta vecchia", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Mergellina harbor", "answer_start": 193}], "question": "Where did Virgil die?", "id": "5a7e71d048f7d9001a0636f7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Naples", "answer_start": 180}], "question": "Where did pilgrims pass through on the way to Virgil's tomb?", "id": "5a7e71d048f7d9001a0636f8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Pozzuoli", "answer_start": 261}], "question": "Where did most of the pilgrims come from?", "id": "5a7e71d048f7d9001a0636f9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Middle Ages", "answer_start": 366}], "question": "When were Virgil's books the most widely read?", "id": "5a7e71d048f7d9001a0636fa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The structure known as \"Virgil's tomb\" is found at the entrance of an ancient Roman tunnel (also known as \"grotta vecchia\") in Piedigrotta, a district two miles from the centre of Naples, near the Mergellina harbor, on the road heading north along the coast to Pozzuoli. While Virgil was already the object of literary admiration and veneration before his death, in the Middle Ages his name became associated with miraculous powers, and for a couple of centuries his tomb was the destination of pilgrimages and veneration."}], ["Legenda Virgil dalam Keranjangnya muncul di Zaman Pertengahan, dan sering dilihat dalam seni dan disebut dalam kesusasteraan sebagai bagian dari kuasa sastera Topos Perempuan, menunjukkan daya mengganggu daya tarik wanita pada lelaki. Dalam cerita ini Virgil menjadi terpesona dengan seorang wanita cantik, yang kadang-kadang digambarkan sebagai anak perempuan atau perempuan simpanan dan memanggil Lucretia. Dia memainkannya bersama dan bersetuju untuk membuat penugasan di rumahnya, yang dia hendak menyelinap pada waktu malam dengan memanjat keranjang besar dibiarkan turun dari tingkap. Apabila dia berbuat demikian, dia hanya dibongkarkan separuh ke dinding dan kemudian meninggalkannya terperangkap di sana keesokan harinya, terdedah kepada cemuhan umum. Cerita itu menyerupai Phyllis riding Aristotle. Antara artis lain yang menggambarkan kejadian itu, Lucas van Leyden membuat kayu dan kemudian ukiran. <> Dalam tempoh masa apakah legenda Virgil dalam Bakulnya timbul? || Zaman Pertengahan <> Apa nama wanita cantik yang Virgil terpikat? || Lucretia <> Kisah yang mana Virgil dibiarkan separuh di bakul selari? || Phyllis riding Aristotle <> Artis mana yang membuat potongan kayu dan kemudian ukiran Virgil dan keranjangnya? || Lucas van Leyden <> Bilakah Lucas van Leyden hidup? || <> Apakah Phyllis dikenali sebagai? || <> Siapakah salah seorang penulis yang menulis mengenai Virgil dalam Keranjangnya? || <> Apakah bentuk seni yang digunakan kebanyakan artis untuk menggambarkan Virgil dalam Keranjangnya? || <> Bilakah Phyllis menunggang Aristotle? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "During which time period did the legend of Virgil in his Basket arise?", "id": "56f8a4a59e9bad19000a0249", "answers": [{"text": "Middle Ages", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the beautiful woman who Virgil enamoured?", "id": "56f8a4a59e9bad19000a024a", "answers": [{"text": "Lucretia", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which story did Virgil being left halfway in basket parallel?", "id": "56f8a4a59e9bad19000a024b", "answers": [{"text": "Phyllis riding Aristotle", "answer_start": 686}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which artist made a woodcut and later an engraving of Virgil and his basket?", "id": "56f8a4a59e9bad19000a024c", "answers": [{"text": "Lucas van Leyden", "answer_start": 753}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Middle Ages", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "When did Lucas van Leyden live?", "id": "5a7e68d448f7d9001a0636b7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the emperor's daughter", "answer_start": 311}], "question": "What was Phyllis known as?", "id": "5a7e68d448f7d9001a0636b8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Aristotle", "answer_start": 701}], "question": "Who was one of the writers who wrote about Virgil in his Basket?", "id": "5a7e68d448f7d9001a0636b9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "engraving", "answer_start": 798}], "question": "What form of art did the most artists use to depict Virgil in his Basket?", "id": "5a7e68d448f7d9001a0636ba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Middle Ages", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "When did Phyllis ride Aristotle?", "id": "5a7e68d448f7d9001a0636bb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The legend of Virgil in his Basket arose in the Middle Ages, and is often seen in art and mentioned in literature as part of the Power of Women literary topos, demonstrating the disruptive force of female attractiveness on men. In this story Virgil became enamoured of a beautiful woman, sometimes described as the emperor's daughter or mistress and called Lucretia. She played him along and agreed to an assignation at her house, which he was to sneak into at night by climbing into a large basket let down from a window. When he did so he was only hoisted halfway up the wall and then left him trapped there into the next day, exposed to public ridicule. The story paralleled that of Phyllis riding Aristotle. Among other artists depicting the scene, Lucas van Leyden made a woodcut and later an engraving."}], ["Dalam Empayar Akhir dan Zaman Pertengahan Vergilius dibilang Virgilius. Dua penjelasan biasa diberikan untuk perubahan ini. Satu menyimpulkan etimologi palsu yang berkaitan dengan kata virgo (\"gadis\" dalam bahasa Latin) kerana Virgil yang berlebihan, \"gadis\" seperti kesopanan. Sebaliknya, sesetengah berpendapat bahawa Vergilius diubah kepada Virgilius dengan analogi dengan bahasa Latin virga (\"tongkat\") kerana kuasa-kuasa sihir atau nubuatan yang dikaitkan dengan Virgil pada Zaman Pertengahan (penjelasan ini hanya terdapat segelintir manuskrip, bagaimanapun, dan mungkin tidak tersebar luas). Di sekolah Norman (berikutan amalan Perancis), kebiasaannya adalah untuk mengalihkan nama Latin dengan menjatuhkan bahasa Latin mereka, oleh itu Virgil. Pada abad ke-19, beberapa ahli klasik yang terlatih Jerman di Amerika Syarikat mencadangkan pengubahsuaian kepada Vergil, kerana ia lebih dekat dengan nama asalnya, dan juga ejaan Jerman tradisional. [Rujukan?] Penggunaan moden membenarkan kedua-duanya, walaupun panduan Oxford gaya mencadangkan Vergilius untuk mengelakkan kekeliruan dengan tatabahasa abad ke-8 Virgilius Maro Grammaticus. Beberapa penulis selepas Renaissance suka memberi kesan kepada \"The Swan of Mantua\". [Rujukan?] <> Selain Virgilius, ejaan lain yang dibenarkan dalam penggunaan moden? || Vergilius <> Dalam tempoh masa mana Vergilius mengeja Virgilius? || Empat Akhir dan Zaman Pertengahan <> Dalam abad apa ada ahli klasik yang terlatih Jerman di AS mencadangkan mengubahsuai penggunaan umum kepada Vergil? || 19 Panduan gaya mana yang mencadangkan menggunakan Vergilius untuk mengelakkan kekeliruan dengan Virgilius Maro Grammaticus? || Oxford <> Mengapa Virgil dipanggil \"The Swan of Mantua\"? || <> Siapa yang menyifatkan kuasa ajaib untuk Virgil pada zaman pertengahan? || <> Bilakah panduan Oxford untuk gaya bertulis? || <> Bahasa apa yang menjadi panduan Oxford untuk gaya asalnya ditulis? || <> Negara apakah yang menjadi panduan Oxford untuk gaya bertulis? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Besides Virgilius, which other spelling is permitted in modern usage?", "id": "56f8a6f19e9bad19000a0265", "answers": [{"text": "Vergilius", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During which time period was Vergilius spelled Virgilius?", "id": "56f8a6f19e9bad19000a0266", "answers": [{"text": "Late Empire and Middle Ages", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did some German-trained classicists in the US suggest modifying the common usage to Vergil?", "id": "56f8a6f19e9bad19000a0267", "answers": [{"text": "19th", "answer_start": 690}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which style guide recommends using Vergilius to avoid confusion with Virgilius Maro Grammaticus?", "id": "56f8a6f19e9bad19000a0268", "answers": [{"text": "Oxford", "answer_start": 929}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to avoid confusion with the 8th-century grammarian Virgilius Maro Grammaticus", "answer_start": 972}], "question": "Why was Virgil called \"The Swan of Mantua\"?", "id": "5a7e776d48f7d9001a063713", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Norman schools", "answer_start": 549}], "question": "Who attributed magical powers to Virgil in the middle ages?", "id": "5a7e776d48f7d9001a063714", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the 19th century", "answer_start": 686}], "question": "When was the Oxford guide to style written?", "id": "5a7e776d48f7d9001a063715", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "German", "answer_start": 857}], "question": "What language was the Oxford guide to style originally written in?", "id": "5a7e776d48f7d9001a063716", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the United States", "answer_start": 739}], "question": "What country was the Oxford guide to style written in?", "id": "5a7e776d48f7d9001a063717", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the Late Empire and Middle Ages Vergilius was spelled Virgilius. Two explanations are commonly given for this alteration. One deduces a false etymology associated with the word virgo (\"maiden\" in Latin) due to Virgil's excessive, \"maiden\"-like modesty. Alternatively, some argue that Vergilius was altered to Virgilius by analogy with the Latin virga (\"wand\") due to the magical or prophetic powers attributed to Virgil in the Middle Ages (this explanation is found in only a handful of manuscripts, however, and was probably not widespread). In Norman schools (following the French practice), the habit was to anglicize Latin names by dropping their Latin endings, hence Virgil. In the 19th century, some German-trained classicists in the United States suggested modification to Vergil, as it is closer to his original name, and is also the traditional German spelling.[citation needed] Modern usage permits both, though the Oxford guide to style recommends Vergilius to avoid confusion with the 8th-century grammarian Virgilius Maro Grammaticus. Some post-Renaissance writers liked to affect the sobriquet \"The Swan of Mantua\".[citation needed]"}]], [["Ia mungkin [kata-kata weasel] yang alb (\"putih\") dan albus mempunyai asal usul yang berasal dari persatuan puncak gunung tinggi atau bukit curam dengan salji. <> Kata-kata apa yang mungkin mempunyai asal-usul yang sama? || alb (\"putih\") dan albus <> Di mana Alb dan Albus berkongsi asal mereka? || persatuan puncak gunung tinggi atau bukit curam dengan salji. <> Alb juga boleh bermakna apa? || putih", {"qas": [{"question": "What words are likely to have common origins?", "id": "56f84664aef2371900625f7b", "answers": [{"text": "alb (\"white\") and albus", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do Alb and Albus share their origin from?", "id": "56f84664aef2371900625f7c", "answers": [{"text": "the association of the tops of tall mountains or steep hills with snow.", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Alb can also mean what? ", "id": "56f84664aef2371900625f7d", "answers": [{"text": "white", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It's likely[weasel words] that alb (\"white\") and albus have common origins deriving from the association of the tops of tall mountains or steep hills with snow."}], ["Perkataan Inggeris Alps berasal dari Latin Alpes (melalui bahasa Perancis). Maurus Servius Honoratus, pengulas kuno Virgil, berkata dalam ulasannya (A. X 13) bahawa semua gunung tinggi dipanggil Alpes oleh Celts. Istilah ini mungkin umum untuk Italo-Celtic, kerana bahasa Celtic mempunyai istilah untuk gunung tinggi berasal dari alp. <> Bahasa Inggeris Alps berasal dari apa perkataan Latin? || Alpes <> Siapa kata bahawa semua gunung tinggi dipanggil Alpes oleh Celts? || Maurus Servius Honoratus <> Bahasa apa istilah untuk gunung tinggi berasal dari alp? || Bahasa Celtic", {"qas": [{"question": "The English word Alps derives from what Latin Word? ", "id": "56f82596aef2371900625e2d", "answers": [{"text": "Alpes", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who says that all high mountains are called Alpes by Celts?", "id": "56f82596aef2371900625e2e", "answers": [{"text": "Maurus Servius Honoratus", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What languages have terms for high mountains derived from alp? ", "id": "56f82596aef2371900625e2f", "answers": [{"text": "Celtic languages", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The English word Alps derives from the Latin Alpes (through French). Maurus Servius Honoratus, an ancient commentator of Virgil, says in his commentary (A. X 13) that all high mountains are called Alpes by Celts. The term may be common to Italo-Celtic, because the Celtic languages have terms for high mountains derived from alp."}], ["Bahagian tertinggi julat dibahagikan dengan palung glasial lembah Rhone, dengan Alpine Pennine dari Mont Blanc ke Matterhorn dan Monte Rosa di sebelah selatan, dan Alp Bernese di utara. Puncak di bahagian timur, di Austria dan Slovenia, lebih kecil daripada bahagian tengah dan barat. <> Bahagian tertinggi dari kawasan Alp yang dibahagikan dengan apa? || palung glasi di lembah Rhone <> Di manakah puncak yang lebih kecil dalam lingkungan? || bahagian timur <> The Bernese Alps terletak di bahagian bahagian apa? || utara", {"qas": [{"question": "The highest portion of the Alp's range is divided by what? ", "id": "56f875e9a6d7ea1400e17679", "answers": [{"text": "the glacial trough of the Rhone valley", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are the peaks smaller in the range? ", "id": "56f875e9a6d7ea1400e1767a", "answers": [{"text": "the easterly portion", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Bernese Alps are located in what part of the range? ", "id": "56f875e9a6d7ea1400e1767b", "answers": [{"text": "northern", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The highest portion of the range is divided by the glacial trough of the Rhone valley, with the Pennine Alps from Mont Blanc to the Matterhorn and Monte Rosa on the southern side, and the Bernese Alps on the northern. The peaks in the easterly portion of the range, in Austria and Slovenia, are smaller than those in the central and western portions."}], ["Wilayah Alpine mempunyai identiti budaya yang kuat. Budaya tradisi pertanian, keju, dan kerja kayu masih wujud di kampung-kampung Alpine, walaupun industri pelancongan mula berkembang pada awal abad ke-20 dan berkembang dengan pesat setelah Perang Dunia II menjadi industri dominan pada akhir abad ini. Sukan Olimpik Musim Sejuk telah menjadi tuan rumah di Alps Switzerland, Perancis, Itali, Austria dan Jerman. Pada masa ini rantau ini adalah rumah kepada 14 juta orang dan mempunyai 120 juta pelawat tahunan. <> The alps adalah rumah kepada berapa ramai orang? || 14 juta orang <> Berapa ramai pengunjung pergi ke Alps setiap tahun? || 120 juta <> Apa industri dominan di rantau Alpine? || industri pelancongan", {"qas": [{"question": "The alps is home to how many people?", "id": "56f824aba6d7ea1400e1740f", "answers": [{"text": "14 million people", "answer_start": 450}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many visitors go to the Alps annually?", "id": "56f824aba6d7ea1400e17410", "answers": [{"text": "120 million", "answer_start": 476}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the dominant industry in the Alpine region? ", "id": "56f824aba6d7ea1400e17411", "answers": [{"text": "tourist industry", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Alpine region has a strong cultural identity. The traditional culture of farming, cheesemaking, and woodworking still exists in Alpine villages, although the tourist industry began to grow early in the 20th century and expanded greatly after World War II to become the dominant industry by the end of the century. The Winter Olympic Games have been hosted in the Swiss, French, Italian, Austrian and German Alps. At present the region is home to 14 million people and has 120 million annual visitors."}], ["Ketinggian dan saiz julat mempengaruhi iklim di Eropah; di peringkat pemendakan gunung sangat berbeza dan keadaan iklim terdiri daripada zon yang berbeza. Hidupan liar seperti ibex hidup di puncak yang lebih tinggi hingga ketinggian 3,400 m (11,155 kaki), dan tumbuh-tumbuhan seperti Edelweiss tumbuh di kawasan-kawasan berbatu di ketinggian yang lebih rendah serta di ketinggian yang lebih tinggi. Bukti kediaman manusia di Alps kembali ke era Paleolitik. <> Apa yang mempengaruhi iklim di Eropah? || Ketinggian dan saiz julat <> Apakah jenis haiwan yang tinggal di dalam puncak yang lebih tinggi? || ibex <> Apa tumbuhan yang tumbuh di kawasan-kawasan berbatu di kawasan itu? || Edelweiss <> Bukti kediaman manusia di Alps pergi sejauh mana era? || Era paleolitik", {"qas": [{"question": "What affects the climate in Europe? ", "id": "56f81fe6aef2371900625df5", "answers": [{"text": "The altitude and size of the range", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of animal lives inn the higher peaks?", "id": "56f81fe6aef2371900625df6", "answers": [{"text": "ibex", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What plant grows in the rocky areas of the range?", "id": "56f81fe6aef2371900625df7", "answers": [{"text": "Edelweiss", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Evidence of human habitation in the Alps goes as far back to what era? ", "id": "56f81fe6aef2371900625df8", "answers": [{"text": "Paleolithic era", "answer_start": 413}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The altitude and size of the range affects the climate in Europe; in the mountains precipitation levels vary greatly and climatic conditions consist of distinct zones. Wildlife such as ibex live in the higher peaks to elevations of 3,400 m (11,155 ft), and plants such as Edelweiss grow in rocky areas in lower elevations as well as in higher elevations. Evidence of human habitation in the Alps goes back to the Paleolithic era."}], ["Ini mungkin konsisten dengan teori bahawa dalam bahasa Greek Alpes adalah nama asal-usul bukan Indo-Eropah (yang biasa digunakan untuk gunung-gunung yang terkenal dan gunung di rantau Mediterranean). Menurut Kamus Bahasa Inggeris Lama, Alpen Latin mungkin berasal dari bahasa \"pra-Indo-Eropah\" alb \"bukit\"; \"Albania\" adalah derivasi yang berkaitan. Albania, nama yang tidak berasal dari rantau ini yang dikenali sebagai negara Albania, telah digunakan sebagai nama untuk beberapa kawasan pergunungan di seluruh Eropah. Pada zaman Romawi, \"Albania\" adalah nama untuk Caucasus timur, sedangkan dalam bahasa Inggeris \"Albania\" (atau \"Albany\") kadang-kadang digunakan sebagai nama untuk Scotland. <> Ada teori bahawa dalam bahasa Greek Alpes adalah nama asalnya? || Nama asal-Eropah <> Nama apa yang digunakan sebagai nama untuk beberapa kawasan pergunungan di seluruh Eropah? || Albania <> Albania adalah nama untuk apa semasa Roman Times? || Caucasus timur <> Albania kadang-kadang digunakan sebagai nama untuk apa dalam bahasa Inggeris? || Scotland", {"qas": [{"question": "There is a theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of what origin? ", "id": "56f827e6aef2371900625e59", "answers": [{"text": "Indo-European origin", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What name has been used as a name for a number of mountainous areas across Europe? ", "id": "56f827e6aef2371900625e5a", "answers": [{"text": "Albania", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Albania was a name for what during Roman Times? ", "id": "56f827e6aef2371900625e5b", "answers": [{"text": "the eastern Caucasus", "answer_start": 533}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Albania was occasionally used as a name for what in the English language? ", "id": "56f827e6aef2371900625e5c", "answers": [{"text": "Scotland", "answer_start": 645}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "This may be consistent with the theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of non-Indo-European origin (which is common for prominent mountains and mountain ranges in the Mediterranean region). According to the Old English Dictionary, the Latin Alpes might possibly derive from a pre-Indo-European word *alb \"hill\"; \"Albania\" is a related derivation. Albania, a name not native to the region known as the country of Albania, has been used as a name for a number of mountainous areas across Europe. In Roman times, \"Albania\" was a name for the eastern Caucasus, while in the English language \"Albania\" (or \"Albany\") was occasionally used as a name for Scotland."}], ["Alpen adalah ciri geografi berbentuk bulan sabit di Eropah tengah yang terletak di aras 800 km (500 mi) dari timur ke barat dan 200 km (120 batu) lebarnya. Ketinggian purata puncak gunung adalah 2.5 km (1.6 mi). Julat ini bermula dari Laut Mediterranean ke utara di atas lembah Po, memanjangkan melalui Perancis dari Grenoble, ke timur melalui pertengahan dan selatan Switzerland. Julat ini terus ke Vienna di Austria, dan ke timur ke Laut Adriatik dan ke Slovenia. Di selatan ia jatuh ke utara Itali dan ke utara meluas ke sempadan selatan Bavaria di Jerman. Di kawasan seperti Chiasso, Switzerland, dan Neuschwanstein, Bavaria, penandaan antara kawasan gunung dan dataran tinggi adalah jelas; di tempat-tempat lain seperti Geneva, penandaannya kurang jelas. Negara-negara dengan wilayah alpine terbesar adalah Switzerland, Perancis, Austria dan Itali. <> Apa ciri geografi berbentuk bulan sabit di Eropah tengah? || The Alps <> Apakah ketinggian rata puncak Alps? || 2.5 km (1.6 mi) <> Seberapa jauh rentang Alps? || Laut Mediterranean di sebelah utara lembah Po, yang meluas melalui Perancis dari Grenoble, ke timur melalui Switzerland tengah dan selatan Switzerland, Perancis, Austria dan Itali yang paling besar? || wilayah alpine", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the crescent shaped geographic feature of central Europe?", "id": "56f8752baef23719006260b6", "answers": [{"text": "The Alps", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the mean height of the Alp's peak?", "id": "56f8752baef23719006260b7", "answers": [{"text": "2.5 km (1.6 mi)", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How far does the Alps range stretch?", "id": "56f8752baef23719006260b8", "answers": [{"text": "the Mediterranean Sea north above the Po basin, extending through France from Grenoble, eastward through mid and southern Switzerland", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Switzerland, France, Austria and Italy have the greatest what? ", "id": "56f8752baef23719006260b9", "answers": [{"text": "alpine territory", "answer_start": 809}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Alps are a crescent shaped geographic feature of central Europe that ranges in a 800 km (500 mi) arc from east to west and is 200 km (120 mi) in width. The mean height of the mountain peaks is 2.5 km (1.6 mi). The range stretches from the Mediterranean Sea north above the Po basin, extending through France from Grenoble, eastward through mid and southern Switzerland. The range continues toward Vienna in Austria, and east to the Adriatic Sea and into Slovenia. To the south it dips into northern Italy and to the north extends to the south border of Bavaria in Germany. In areas like Chiasso, Switzerland, and Neuschwanstein, Bavaria, the demarcation between the mountain range and the flatlands are clear; in other places such as Geneva, the demarcation is less clear. The countries with the greatest alpine territory are Switzerland, France, Austria and Italy."}], ["Seorang lelaki yang mummified, bertekad menjadi 5,000 tahun, ditemui di glasier di sempadan Austria-Itali pada tahun 1991. Menjelang abad ke-6 SM, budaya Celtic La T\u00e8ne telah mantap. Hannibal terkenal menyeberangi Alps dengan sekumpulan gajah, dan orang Roma telah menetap di rantau ini. Pada tahun 1800 Napoleon melintasi salah satu pas gunung dengan tentera sebanyak 40,000. Zaman abad ke-18 dan ke-19 menyaksikan kebanjiran naturalis, penulis, dan artis, khususnya Romantik, diikuti dengan zaman kegemilangan alpinisme ketika para pendaki mula naik puncak. Dalam Perang Dunia II, Adolf Hitler mengekalkan asas operasi di Alps Bavaria sepanjang perang. <> Berapa lama lelaki yang mumi yang ditemui di Austria-Itali bosan? || 5,000 tahun <> Kebudayaan apa yang telah dibina oleh abad ke-6 SM? || budaya Celtic La T\u00e8ne <> Yang terkenal melintasi Alpen dengan sekumpulan gajah? || Hannibal <> Apa orang yang mengambil tentara sebanyak 40,000 di seluruh pasang gunung? || Napoleon <> Dimana asas operasi Adolf Hitler semasa Perang Dunia ke 2? || Alps Bavaria", {"qas": [{"question": "How old was the mummified man discovered at the Austrian-Italian bored?", "id": "56f82171a6d7ea1400e173e7", "answers": [{"text": "5,000 years old", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What culture was well established by the 6th Century BC? ", "id": "56f82171a6d7ea1400e173e8", "answers": [{"text": "the Celtic La T\u00e8ne culture", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants? ", "id": "56f82171a6d7ea1400e173e9", "answers": [{"text": "Hannibal", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What person took an army of 40,000 across the mountain passes? ", "id": "56f82171a6d7ea1400e173ea", "answers": [{"text": "Napoleon", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Adolf Hitlers base of operation during World War 2?", "id": "56f82171a6d7ea1400e173eb", "answers": [{"text": "Bavarian Alps", "answer_start": 627}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A mummified man, determined to be 5,000 years old, was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian\u2013Italian border in 1991. By the 6th century BC, the Celtic La T\u00e8ne culture was well established. Hannibal famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants, and the Romans had settlements in the region. In 1800 Napoleon crossed one of the mountain passes with an army of 40,000. The 18th and 19th centuries saw an influx of naturalists, writers, and artists, in particular the Romantics, followed by the golden age of alpinism as mountaineers began to ascend the peaks. In World War II, Adolf Hitler kept a base of operation in the Bavarian Alps throughout the war."}], ["Dalam bahasa moden istilah alp, alm, albe atau alpe merujuk kepada padang rumput di rantau alpine di bawah glasier, bukan puncaknya. Alp yang merujuk kepada padang rumput yang tinggi di mana lembu diambil untuk menjadi grazed semasa musim panas dan tempat kandang jerami dapat dijumpai, dan istilah \"Alpen\", merujuk kepada pergunungan, adalah salah faham. Istilah untuk puncak gunung bervariasi oleh negara dan bahasa: kata-kata seperti tanduk, kogel, gipfel, spitz, dan berg digunakan di wilayah berbahasa Jerman: mont, pic, dent dan aiguille di wilayah berbahasa Perancis; dan monte, picco atau cima di kawasan berbahasa Itali. <> Istilah alp, alm, albe atau alpe merujuk kepada apa dalam bahasa moden? || padang rumput di rantau alpine di bawah glasier, bukan puncak <> Apa yang merujuk kepada padang rumput yang tinggi di mana lembu diambil untuk menjadi grazed pada musim panas? || Kata-kata seperti tanduk, kogel, gipfel, spitz, dan berd digunakan di kawasan apa? || Kawasan-kawasan berbahasa Jerman <> Mont, pic, penyok dan aiguille adalah perkataan yang digunakan di kawasan apa? || Kawasan berbahasa Perancis", {"qas": [{"question": "The term alp, alm, albe or alpe refers to what in modern languages? ", "id": "56f87461aef23719006260a3", "answers": [{"text": "a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What refers to a high mountain pasture where cows are taken to be grazed during the summer months?", "id": "56f87461aef23719006260a4", "answers": [{"text": "An alp", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Words such as horn, kogel, gipfel, spitz, and berd are used in what regions?", "id": "56f87461aef23719006260a5", "answers": [{"text": "German speaking regions", "answer_start": 466}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Mont, pic, dent and aiguille are words used in what regions?", "id": "56f87461aef23719006260a6", "answers": [{"text": "French speaking regions", "answer_start": 523}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In modern languages the term alp, alm, albe or alpe refers to a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks. An alp refers to a high mountain pasture where cows are taken to be grazed during the summer months and where hay barns can be found, and the term \"the Alps\", referring to the mountains, is a misnomer. The term for the mountain peaks varies by nation and language: words such as horn, kogel, gipfel, spitz, and berg are used in German speaking regions: mont, pic, dent and aiguille in French speaking regions; and monte, picco or cima in Italian speaking regions."}], ["Alpen (/ \u00e6lps /; Itali: Alpi [alpi]; Perancis: Alpes [alp]; Jerman: Alpen [\u0294alpm\u0329]; Slovene: Alpe [\u00e1\u02d0lp\u025b]) adalah sistem rangkaian gunung tertinggi dan paling luas yang terletak di Eropah, meregangkan kira-kira 1,200 kilometer (750 batu) di seluruh lapan negara Alpine: Austria, Perancis, Jerman, Itali, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia, dan Switzerland. Pergunungan Caucasus lebih tinggi, dan Ural lebih lama, tetapi kedua-duanya terletak di Asia. Pergunungan telah dibentuk lebih dari puluhan juta tahun ketika lempeng tektonik Afrika dan Eurasia bertembung. Pengurangan ekstrem yang disebabkan oleh kejadian mengakibatkan batuan sedimen marin yang meningkat dengan menegakkan dan melipat ke puncak gunung tinggi seperti Mont Blanc dan Matterhorn. Mont Blanc menjangkau sempadan Perancis-Itali, dan pada 4,810 m (15,781 kaki) adalah gunung tertinggi di Alps. Kawasan rantau Alpine mengandungi kira-kira seratus puncak yang lebih tinggi daripada 4,000 m (13,123 kaki), yang dikenali sebagai \"empat ribu\". <> Negara apa terletak di Alps? || Eropah <> Berapa kilometer di pergunungan Alps? || 1,200 kilometer <> Berapa lamakah ia diambil untuk membentuk Alpen? || lebih daripada puluhan juta tahun <> Apa gunung tertinggi di Alps? || Mont Blanc <> Wilayah Alpine juga dikenali sebagai apa? || \"empat ribu\"", {"qas": [{"question": "What Country are the Alps located in?", "id": "56f81f0ea6d7ea1400e173d7", "answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many kilometres do the Alps stretch?", "id": "56f81f0ea6d7ea1400e173d8", "answers": [{"text": "1,200 kilometres", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long has it taken for the Alps to form? ", "id": "56f81f0ea6d7ea1400e173d9", "answers": [{"text": "over tens of millions of years", "answer_start": 475}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the highest mountain in the Alps?", "id": "56f81f0ea6d7ea1400e173da", "answers": [{"text": "Mont Blanc", "answer_start": 732}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Alpine region is also known as what? ", "id": "56f81f0ea6d7ea1400e173db", "answers": [{"text": "the \"four-thousanders\"", "answer_start": 936}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Alps (/\u00e6lps/; Italian: Alpi [\u02c8alpi]; French: Alpes [alp]; German: Alpen [\u02c8\u0294alpm\u0329]; Slovene: Alpe [\u02c8\u00e1\u02d0lp\u025b]) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) across eight Alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia, and Switzerland. The Caucasus Mountains are higher, and the Urals longer, but both lie partly in Asia. The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn. Mont Blanc spans the French\u2013Italian border, and at 4,810 m (15,781 ft) is the highest mountain in the Alps. The Alpine region area contains about a hundred peaks higher than 4,000 m (13,123 ft), known as the \"four-thousanders\"."}], ["Pegunungan Alpen Barat dan Pegunungan Alpen Timur, masing-masing, adalah Mont Blanc, pada 4,810 m (15,780 kaki) dan Piz Bernina pada 4,049 meter (13,284 kaki). Puncak utama kedua tertinggi adalah Monte Rosa pada 4,634 m (15,200 kaki) dan Ortler pada 3,905 m (12,810 kaki), masing-masing <> Puncak tertinggi di Alps Barat adalah di mana? || Mont Blanc <> Berapa tinggi puncak di Mont Blanc? || 4,810 m <> Puncak tertinggi di Alps Timur adalah di mana? || Piz Bernina <> Berapa tinggi puncak Piz Bernina || 4,049 meter", {"qas": [{"question": "The highest peak of the Western Alps is where? ", "id": "56f87739aef23719006260c4", "answers": [{"text": "Mont Blanc", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How tall is the peak at Mont Blanc? ", "id": "56f87739aef23719006260c5", "answers": [{"text": "4,810 m", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The highest peak of the Eastern Alps is where?", "id": "56f87739aef23719006260c6", "answers": [{"text": "Piz Bernina", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How tall is the peak of Piz Bernina", "id": "56f87739aef23719006260c7", "answers": [{"text": "4,049 metres", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The highest peaks of the Western Alps and Eastern Alps, respectively, are Mont Blanc, at 4,810 m (15,780 ft) and Piz Bernina at 4,049 metres (13,284 ft). The second-highest major peaks are Monte Rosa at 4,634 m (15,200 ft) and Ortler at 3,905 m (12,810 ft), respectively"}], ["Menurut pakar geologi Stefan Schmid, kerana Alpen Barat menjalani peristiwa metamorf dalam Era Cenozoic manakala puncak Austroalpine menjalani satu peristiwa dalam Periode Kretaseus, kedua-dua kawasan menunjukkan perbezaan yang berbeza dalam pembentukan nappe. Deposit Flysch di Alps Selatan Lombardy mungkin berlaku di Cretaceous atau kemudian. <> Apakah profesi Stefan Schmid? || ahli geologi <> Apa yang berlaku di Alps Barat semasa Era Cenozoic || peristiwa metamorfik <> Bilakah puncak Austroalpine menjalani acara mereka? || Tempoh Kretaceous <> The Alps Barat dan puncak Austroalpine menunjukkan perbezaan yang berbeza dalam apa? || pembentukan nappe <> Bilakah deposit Flysch mungkin berlaku di Alps Selatan Lombardy? || Cretaceous", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Stefan Schmid's profession?", "id": "56f8851fa6d7ea1400e1770f", "answers": [{"text": "geologist", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened to the Western Alps during the Cenozoic Era", "id": "56f8851fa6d7ea1400e17710", "answers": [{"text": "a metamorphic event", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Austroalpine peaks undergo their event?", "id": "56f8851fa6d7ea1400e17711", "answers": [{"text": "the Cretaceous Period", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Western Alps and the Austroalpine peaks show distinct differences in what?", "id": "56f8851fa6d7ea1400e17712", "answers": [{"text": "nappe formations", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Flysch deposits probably occur in the Southern Alps of Lombardy?", "id": "56f8851fa6d7ea1400e17713", "answers": [{"text": "Cretaceous", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to geologist Stefan Schmid, because the Western Alps underwent a metamorphic event in the Cenozoic Era while the Austroalpine peaks underwent an event in the Cretaceous Period, the two areas show distinct differences in nappe formations. Flysch deposits in the Southern Alps of Lombardy probably occurred in the Cretaceous or later."}], ["Konsep-konsep geologi penting telah ditubuhkan apabila para naturalis mula mempelajari formasi batu Alps pada abad ke-18. Pada pertengahan abad ke-19, teori sekarang geosyncline yang tidak berfungsi telah digunakan untuk menjelaskan kehadiran \"rantai gunung\" yang dilipat tetapi pada pertengahan abad ke-20, teori plat tektonik diterima secara meluas. <> Siapa yang mula mengkaji formasi batu Alps || naturalis <> Bilakah kajian pembentukan batu bermula di Alps? || abad ke-18 <> Apa yang digunakan pada pertengahan abad ke-19 untuk menerangkan kehadiran rantai gunung \"dilipat\"? || teori geosynclines <> Teori apa yang lebih diterima secara meluas pada pertengahan abad ke-20? || teori plat tektonik", {"qas": [{"question": "Who began studying the rock formations of the Alps", "id": "56f87c08aef23719006260f2", "answers": [{"text": "naturalists", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the studying of rock formations begin in the Alps?", "id": "56f87c08aef23719006260f3", "answers": [{"text": "the 18th century", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was used in the mid-19th century to explain the presence of \"folded\" mountain chains? ", "id": "56f87c08aef23719006260f4", "answers": [{"text": "theory of geosynclines", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What theory was more widely accepted by the mid-20th century? ", "id": "56f87c08aef23719006260f5", "answers": [{"text": "the theory of plate tectonics", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Important geological concepts were established as naturalists began studying the rock formations of the Alps in the 18th century. In the mid-19th century the now defunct theory of geosynclines was used to explain the presence of \"folded\" mountain chains but by the mid-20th century the theory of plate tectonics became widely accepted."}], ["Variasi tatanama di rantau ini yang dikelilingi oleh Alps membuat klasifikasi pergunungan dan subkelamatan sukar, tetapi klasifikasi umum ialah Alps Timur dan Alps Barat dengan perpecahan antara kedua-dua yang berlaku di Switzerland timur mengikut ahli geologi Stefan Schmid, berhampiran Pass Spl\u00fcgen. <> Apa yang menjadikan klasifikasi pergunungan dan sub-kawasan sukar? || Variasi tatanama <> Siapa yang datang dengan klasifikasi umum? || ahli geologi Stefan Schmid <> Di mana perpecahan antara Alps Timur dan Alps Barat berhampiran? || Spl\u00fcgen Pass", {"qas": [{"question": "What makes the classification of the mountains and subregions difficult?", "id": "56f876bda6d7ea1400e17689", "answers": [{"text": "The variances in nomenclature", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who came up with the general classification?", "id": "56f876bda6d7ea1400e1768a", "answers": [{"text": "geologist Stefan Schmid", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the divide between the Eastern Alps and Western Alps near?", "id": "56f876bda6d7ea1400e1768b", "answers": [{"text": "Spl\u00fcgen Pass", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The variances in nomenclature in the region spanned by the Alps makes classification of the mountains and subregions difficult, but a general classification is that of the Eastern Alps and Western Alps with the divide between the two occurring in eastern Switzerland according to geologist Stefan Schmid, near the Spl\u00fcgen Pass."}], ["The orogeny Alpine berlaku dalam kitaran yang berterusan melalui Paleogene yang menyebabkan perbezaan struktur nappe, dengan orogeni tahap akhir yang menyebabkan perkembangan Pegunungan Jura. Serangkaian peristiwa tektonik dalam tempoh Triassic, Jurassic dan Cretaceous menyebabkan kawasan paleogeografi yang berbeza. The Alps dibahagikan dengan struktur lithologi (komposisi batu) yang berbeza dan struktur nappe mengikut peristiwa orogenik yang mempengaruhi mereka. Subdivisi geologi membezakan Barat, Timur Alps dan Alps Selatan: Helveticum di utara, sistem Penninicum dan Austroalpine di tengah dan, selatan Periadriatic Seam, sistem Alpine Selatan. <> Apa yang menyebabkan pembangunan Pergunungan Jura? || sebuah orogeny peringkat akhir <> Apa yang menyebabkan kawasan paleogeografi yang berbeza dalam tempoh Triassic, Jurassic dan Cretaceous? || Satu siri peristiwa tektonik <> Apa kata lain untuk komposisi batu? || lithology <> Apa bahagian bawah geologi terletak di utara? || Helveticum", {"qas": [{"question": "What caused the development of the Jura Mountains? ", "id": "56f883c2aef2371900626144", "answers": [{"text": "a late-stage orogeny", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What cause different paleogeographic regions in the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods?", "id": "56f883c2aef2371900626145", "answers": [{"text": "A series of tectonic events", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another word for rock composition? ", "id": "56f883c2aef2371900626146", "answers": [{"text": "lithology", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What geological subdivision is located in the north?", "id": "56f883c2aef2371900626147", "answers": [{"text": "Helveticum", "answer_start": 534}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Alpine orogeny occurred in ongoing cycles through to the Paleogene causing differences in nappe structures, with a late-stage orogeny causing the development of the Jura Mountains. A series of tectonic events in the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods caused different paleogeographic regions. The Alps are subdivided by different lithology (rock composition) and nappe structure according to the orogenic events that affected them. The geological subdivision differentiates the Western, Eastern Alps and Southern Alps: the Helveticum in the north, the Penninicum and Austroalpine system in the center and, south of the Periadriatic Seam, the Southern Alpine system."}], ["Di bawah tegasan dan tekanan mampatan yang melampau, batuan sedimen marin telah dinaikkan, mewujudkan lipatan yang menyerupai ciri, atau nappes, dan ketegangan teras. Ketika puncak-puncak itu mengalami hakisan, satu lapisan sedimen flysch laut telah disimpan di lembah tanah air, dan sedimen-medan itu terlibat dalam cahaya muda (lipatan) ketika perkembangan orogenesis berkembang. Sedimen kasar dari peningkatan dan hakisan yang berterusan kemudian disimpan di kawasan tanah air sebagai molasse. Kawasan molaz di Switzerland dan Bavaria telah berkembang dengan pesat dan menyaksikan lebih lanjut mengenai flysch. <> Apa yang ditarik dari tegasan dan tekanan mampatan yang melampau? || batu sedimen marin <> Bilakah lapisan sedimen flysch marin dapat disimpan di lembah tanah air? || Apabila puncak yang semakin meningkat mengalami hakisan <> Apa yang kemudiannya didepositkan di kawasan tanah air sebagai molasse? || Sedimen kasar <> Switzerland dan Bavaria melihat peningkatan yang lebih tinggi daripada apa? || flysch", {"qas": [{"question": "What was uplifted from extreme compressive stresses and pressure? ", "id": "56f8821eaef237190062613c", "answers": [{"text": "marine sedimentary rocks", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the layer of marine flysch sediments get deposited in the foreland basin?", "id": "56f8821eaef237190062613d", "answers": [{"text": "As the rising peaks underwent erosion", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were later deposited in foreland areas as molasse?", "id": "56f8821eaef237190062613e", "answers": [{"text": "Coarse sediments", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Switzerland and Bavaria saw a further upthrusting of what?", "id": "56f8821eaef237190062613f", "answers": [{"text": "flysch", "answer_start": 562}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Under extreme compressive stresses and pressure, marine sedimentary rocks were uplifted, creating characteristic recumbent folds, or nappes, and thrust faults. As the rising peaks underwent erosion, a layer of marine flysch sediments was deposited in the foreland basin, and the sediments became involved in younger nappes (folds) as the orogeny progressed. Coarse sediments from the continual uplift and erosion were later deposited in foreland areas as molasse. The molasse regions in Switzerland and Bavaria were well-developed and saw further upthrusting of flysch."}], ["The Alps telah diseberang untuk perang dan perdagangan, dan oleh peziarah, pelajar dan pelancong. Melintasi laluan dengan jalan, kereta api atau kaki dikenali sebagai pas, dan biasanya terdiri daripada lekukan di pergunungan di mana lembah membawa dari dataran dan zon pra-pegunungan yang berbukit. Dalam hospis zaman pertengahan ditubuhkan oleh perintah agama di puncak banyak pas utama. Pas yang paling penting adalah Col de l'Iseran (yang tertinggi), Brenner Pass, Mont-Cenis, Great St. Bernard Pass, Col de Tende, Gotthard Pass, Pass Semmering, dan Stelvio Pass. <> Apa yang telah dipintas untuk perang dan perdagangan? || The Alps <> Apa yang ditubuhkan pada zaman pertengahan oleh pesanan keagamaan? || hospices <> Di mana hospis ditubuhkan? || puncak-puncak banyak pas utama <> Apa yang paling tinggi dari laluan terpenting di Alps? || Col de l'Iseran", {"qas": [{"question": "What have been crossed for war and commerce? ", "id": "56f878f1a6d7ea1400e176b3", "answers": [{"text": "The Alps", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was established during medieval periods by religious orders?", "id": "56f878f1a6d7ea1400e176b4", "answers": [{"text": "hospices", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were hospices established? ", "id": "56f878f1a6d7ea1400e176b5", "answers": [{"text": "the summits of many of the main passes", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the highest of the most important passes of the Alps?", "id": "56f878f1a6d7ea1400e176b6", "answers": [{"text": "Col de l'Iseran", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Alps have been crossed for war and commerce, and by pilgrims, students and tourists. Crossing routes by road, train or foot are known as passes, and usually consist of depressions in the mountains in which a valley leads from the plains and hilly pre-mountainous zones. In the medieval period hospices were established by religious orders at the summits of many of the main passes. The most important passes are the Col de l'Iseran (the highest), the Brenner Pass, the Mont-Cenis, the Great St. Bernard Pass, the Col de Tende, the Gotthard Pass, the Semmering Pass, and the Stelvio Pass."}], ["Pembentukan Alpen (Alpine orogeny) adalah proses episodik yang bermula sekitar 300 juta tahun yang lalu. Dalam Era Paleozoic, supercontinent Pangaean terdiri daripada satu plat tektonik tunggal; ia pecah ke dalam plat berasingan semasa Era Mesozoik dan laut Tethys yang dibangunkan antara Laurasia dan Gondwana semasa Tempoh Jurassik. Tethys kemudiannya diperas di antara plat berlanggar menyebabkan pembentukan rangkaian gunung yang dipanggil tali pinggang Alpide, dari Gibraltar melalui Himalaya ke Indonesia-sebuah proses yang bermula pada akhir Mesozoik dan terus ke masa kini. Pembentukan Alpen adalah segmen proses orogenik ini, yang disebabkan oleh perlanggaran di antara lempeng Afrika dan Eurasia yang bermula pada zaman Kretase yang lewat. <> Bilakah pembentukan alps bermula? || kira-kira 300 juta tahun yang lalu <> Apa yang supercontinent Pangaean terdiri daripada apa semasa Era Paleozoik? || satu plat tektonik tunggal <> Bilakah plat tektonik tunggal memecah ke dalam plat berasingan? || Mesozoik Era <> Laut Tethys berkembang dalam apa tempoh masa? || Jurassic Period <> Perlanggaran di antara lempeng Afrika dan Eurasia bermula pada masa apa? || tempoh Kretase yang lewat", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the formation of the alps began?", "id": "56f87d46aef23719006260fa", "answers": [{"text": "about 300 million years ago", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Pangaean supercontinent consisted of what during the Paleozoic Era?", "id": "56f87d46aef23719006260fb", "answers": [{"text": "a single tectonic plate", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the single tectonic plate break into separate plates?", "id": "56f87d46aef23719006260fc", "answers": [{"text": "the Mesozoic Era", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Tethys sea developed during what period of time? ", "id": "56f87d46aef23719006260fd", "answers": [{"text": "Jurassic Period", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The collision between the African and the Eurasian plates began during what time? ", "id": "56f87d46aef23719006260fe", "answers": [{"text": "the late Cretaceous Period", "answer_start": 737}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The formation of the Alps (the Alpine orogeny) was an episodic process that began about 300 million years ago. In the Paleozoic Era the Pangaean supercontinent consisted of a single tectonic plate; it broke into separate plates during the Mesozoic Era and the Tethys sea developed between Laurasia and Gondwana during the Jurassic Period. The Tethys was later squeezed between colliding plates causing the formation of mountain ranges called the Alpide belt, from Gibraltar through the Himalayas to Indonesia\u2014a process that began at the end of the Mesozoic and continues into the present. The formation of the Alps was a segment of this orogenic process, caused by the collision between the African and the Eurasian plates that began in the late Cretaceous Period."}], ["Siri rangkaian gunung rendah yang selari dengan rantaian utama Alps, termasuk Prealps Perancis di Perancis dan Pegunungan Jura di Switzerland dan Perancis. Rantaian sekunder Alpen mengikuti aliran air dari Laut Mediterranean ke Wienerwald, melewati banyak puncak tertinggi dan paling terkenal di Alpen. Dari Colle di Cadibona ke Col de Tende ia berjalan ke barat, sebelum beralih ke barat laut dan kemudian, berhampiran Colle della Maddalena, ke utara. Apabila sampai di sempadan Switzerland, garis rantai utama mengetuk kira-kira timur-timur laut, sebuah tajuk yang seterusnya sehingga berakhir di Vienna. <> Di mana Prealps Perancis terletak? || Perancis <> Apa pergunungan terletak di Switzerland dan Perancis? || Pergunungan Jura <> Apa yang mengikuti aliran air dari Laut Mediterranean ke Wienerwald? || Rantaian sekunder Alps <> Apa yang mengetuk kira-kira timur-timur laut sekali di Swiss bosan? || garis rantai utama", {"qas": [{"question": "Where are the French Prealps located? ", "id": "56f8782aaef23719006260d6", "answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What mountains are located in Switzerland and France?", "id": "56f8782aaef23719006260d7", "answers": [{"text": "the Jura Mountains", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What follows the watershed from the Mediterranean Sea to the Wienerwald?", "id": "56f8782aaef23719006260d8", "answers": [{"text": "The secondary chain of the Alps", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What heads approximately east-northeast once at the Swiss bored?", "id": "56f8782aaef23719006260d9", "answers": [{"text": "the line of the main chain", "answer_start": 519}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Series of lower mountain ranges run parallel to the main chain of the Alps, including the French Prealps in France and the Jura Mountains in Switzerland and France. The secondary chain of the Alps follows the watershed from the Mediterranean Sea to the Wienerwald, passing over many of the highest and most well-known peaks in the Alps. From the Colle di Cadibona to Col de Tende it runs westwards, before turning to the northwest and then, near the Colle della Maddalena, to the north. Upon reaching the Swiss border, the line of the main chain heads approximately east-northeast, a heading it follows until its end near Vienna."}], ["Menyeberangi sempadan Itali-Austria, Pass Brenner memisahkan Alpen \u00d6tztal dan Alps Zillertal dan telah digunakan sebagai laluan perdagangan sejak abad ke-14. Yang paling rendah di Alpine melewati 985 m (3,232 kaki), Semmering melintasi dari Lower Austria ke Styria; sejak kurun ke-12 ketika hospis dibina di sana, ia telah melihat kegunaan berterusan. Sebuah kereta api dengan terowong 1 batu (1.6 km) panjang dibina sepanjang laluan lulus pada pertengahan abad ke-19. Dengan puncak 2,469 m (8,100 kaki), Great St. Bernard Pass adalah salah satu yang tertinggi di Alps, melintasi sempadan Itali-Swiss di timur Alpine Alps di sepanjang sisi Mont Blanc. Laluan ini digunakan oleh Napoleon Bonaparte untuk menyeberang 40.000 tentera pada tahun 1800. Saint Gotthard Pass melintasi Central Switzerland ke Ticino; pada abad ke-19, Tunnel Saint Gotthard yang panjangnya 14 km (9 mi) dibina menghubungkan Lucerne di Switzerland, dengan Milan di Itali. Pas Mont Cenis telah menjadi jalan komersil utama antara Eropah Barat dan Itali. Sekarang lulus telah digantikan oleh terowong Jalan dan Ril Fr\u00e9jus. Pada 2,756 m (9,042 kaki), Stelvio Pass di utara Itali adalah salah satu daripada laluan Alpine yang tertinggi; jalan itu dibina pada tahun 1820-an. Lulus tertinggi di alps ialah col de l'Iseran di Savoy (Perancis) pada 2,770 m (9,088 kaki). <> Apa yang memisahkan Alpz Otztal dan Zillertal Alps? || Brenner Pass <> Berapa lamakah Brenner Pass digunakan sebagai laluan perdagangan? || sejak abad ke-14 <> Yang paling rendah dari Alpine melewati apa elevasi? || 985 m (3,232 ft) <> Siapa yang melintasi Great St. Bernard Pass dengan 40,000 tentera? || Napoleon Bonaparte <> Di mana titik tertinggi di alps terletak? || col de l'Iseran di Savoy (Perancis)", {"qas": [{"question": "What seperates the Otztal Alps and Zillertal Alps?", "id": "56f87b15aef23719006260e8", "answers": [{"text": "the Brenner Pass", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long has the Brenner Pass been used as a trading route? ", "id": "56f87b15aef23719006260e9", "answers": [{"text": "since the 14th century", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The lowest of the Alpine passes at what elevation? ", "id": "56f87b15aef23719006260ea", "answers": [{"text": "985 m (3,232 ft)", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who crossed the Great St. Bernard Pass with 40,000 troops? ", "id": "56f87b15aef23719006260eb", "answers": [{"text": "Napoleon Bonaparte", "answer_start": 670}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the highest point in the alps located? ", "id": "56f87b15aef23719006260ec", "answers": [{"text": "col de l'Iseran in Savoy (France)", "answer_start": 1251}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Crossing the Italian-Austrian border, the Brenner Pass separates the \u00d6tztal Alps and Zillertal Alps and has been in use as a trading route since the 14th century. The lowest of the Alpine passes at 985 m (3,232 ft), the Semmering crosses from Lower Austria to Styria; since the 12th century when a hospice was built there it has seen continuous use. A railroad with a tunnel 1 mile (1.6 km) long was built along the route of the pass in the mid-19th century. With a summit of 2,469 m (8,100 ft), the Great St. Bernard Pass is one of the highest in the Alps, crossing the Italian-Swiss border east of the Pennine Alps along the flanks of Mont Blanc. The pass was used by Napoleon Bonaparte to cross 40,000 troops in 1800. The Saint Gotthard Pass crosses from Central Switzerland to Ticino; in the late 19th century the 14 km (9 mi) long Saint Gotthard Tunnel was built connecting Lucerne in Switzerland, with Milan in Italy. The Mont Cenis pass has been a major commercial road between Western Europe and Italy. Now the pass has been supplanted by the Fr\u00e9jus Road and Rail tunnel. At 2,756 m (9,042 ft), the Stelvio Pass in northern Italy is one of the highest of the Alpine passes; the road was built in the 1820s. The highest pass in the alps is the col de l'Iseran in Savoy (France) at 2,770 m (9,088 ft)."}], ["Agassiz mengkaji pergerakan glasier pada tahun 1840-an di Glacier Unteraar di mana dia mendapati glasier bergerak 100 m (328 kaki) setahun, lebih cepat di tengah daripada di tepi. Kerja-kerja beliau diteruskan oleh ahli sains yang lain dan kini makmal tetap ada di dalam glasier di bawah Jungfraujoch, khusus untuk kajian glasier Alpine. <> Di mana kajian Agassiz pada tahun 1840-an? || Glasier Unteraar <> Agassiz mendapati bahawa Glasier Unteraar berpindah berapa tahun? || 100 m (328 kaki) <> Pergerakan Glasier Unteraar bergerak lebih cepat dalam bahagian apa? || pertengahan", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did Agassiz study during the 1840s?", "id": "56f893a2a6d7ea1400e1777d", "answers": [{"text": "the Unteraar Glacier", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Agassiz found that the Unteraar Glacier moved how much per year? ", "id": "56f893a2a6d7ea1400e1777e", "answers": [{"text": "100 m (328 ft)", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The movement of the Unteraar Glacier moved more rapidly in what part?", "id": "56f893a2a6d7ea1400e1777f", "answers": [{"text": "the middle", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Agassiz studied glacier movement in the 1840s at the Unteraar Glacier where he found the glacier moved 100 m (328 ft) per year, more rapidly in the middle than at the edges. His work was continued by other scientists and now a permanent laboratory exists inside a glacier under the Jungfraujoch, devoted exclusively to the study of Alpine glaciers."}], ["Alpen adalah sumber mineral yang telah dilombong selama ribuan tahun. Pada abad 8 hingga 6 SM semasa kultivar Hallstatt, suku Celtic ditambang tembaga; kemudian orang Roma menambang emas untuk syiling di kawasan Bad Gastein. Erzberg di Styria memberikan bijih besi berkualiti tinggi untuk industri keluli. Kristal terdapat di seluruh rantau Alpine seperti cinnabar, amethyst, dan kuarza. Deposit cinnabar di Slovenia adalah sumber pigmen cinnabar yang ketara. <> Apa yang telah dilombong di Alps selama ribuan tahun? || mineral <> Apa suku kaum Celtic saya dari Alps? || tembaga <> Apakah kuburan Roma di kawasan Bad Gastein? || emas <> Apa yang diberikan Erzberd di Styria? || bijih besi berkualiti tinggi <> Deposit cinnabar terdapat dalam kawasan apa? || Slovenia", {"qas": [{"question": "What have been mined in the Alps for thousands of years? ", "id": "56f88f71aef237190062619e", "answers": [{"text": "minerals", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Celtic tribes mine from the Alps?", "id": "56f88f71aef237190062619f", "answers": [{"text": "copper", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Romans mine in the Bad Gastein area?", "id": "56f88f71aef23719006261a0", "answers": [{"text": "gold", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Erzberd in Styria furnish?", "id": "56f88f71aef23719006261a1", "answers": [{"text": "high-quality iron ore", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The cinnabar deposits are found in what area?", "id": "56f88f71aef23719006261a2", "answers": [{"text": "Slovenia", "answer_start": 426}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Alps are a source of minerals that have been mined for thousands of years. In the 8th to 6th centuries BC during the Hallstatt culture, Celtic tribes mined copper; later the Romans mined gold for coins in the Bad Gastein area. Erzberg in Styria furnishes high-quality iron ore for the steel industry. Crystals are found throughout much of the Alpine region such as cinnabar, amethyst, and quartz. The cinnabar deposits in Slovenia are a notable source of cinnabar pigments."}], ["Di Miocene Epoch, gunung-gunung mengalami hakisan yang teruk kerana glasiasi, yang dicatat pada pertengahan abad ke-19 oleh naturalis Louis Agassiz yang membentangkan kertas yang mengisytiharkan bahawa Alps diliputi dalam ais pada pelbagai selang-teori yang dibentuknya ketika mempelajari batuan di dekatnya Rumah Neuch\u00e2tel yang dipercayai berasal dari barat di Bernese Oberland. Kerana kerja beliau, dia dikenali sebagai \"bapa konsep zaman ais\" walaupun ahli-ahli alam semula jadi yang lain sebelum dia mengutarakan idea-idea yang sama. <> Di manakah gunung-gunung berkhidmat untuk hakisan? || Miocene Epoch <> Apakah punca hakisan yang teruk? || glasiasi <> Siapa yang mencatatkan hakisan gunung yang teruk? || Louis Agassiz <> Apa yang Louis dikenali sebagai Louis Agassiz? || \"bapa konsep zaman ais\"", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did the mountains undergo serve erosion?", "id": "56f8928baef23719006261bc", "answers": [{"text": "Miocene Epoch", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the cause of the severe erosion?", "id": "56f8928baef23719006261bd", "answers": [{"text": "glaciation", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who noted the severe erosion of the mountains?", "id": "56f8928baef23719006261be", "answers": [{"text": "Louis Agassiz", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Louis Agassiz also known as? ", "id": "56f8928baef23719006261bf", "answers": [{"text": "the \"father of the ice-age concept\"", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the Miocene Epoch the mountains underwent severe erosion because of glaciation, which was noted in the mid-19th century by naturalist Louis Agassiz who presented a paper proclaiming the Alps were covered in ice at various intervals\u2014a theory he formed when studying rocks near his Neuch\u00e2tel home which he believed originated to the west in the Bernese Oberland. Because of his work he came to be known as the \"father of the ice-age concept\" although other naturalists before him put forth similar ideas."}], ["Puncak di Perancis, Itali dan Switzerland terletak di \"zon Houilli\u00e8re\", yang terdiri daripada ruang bawah tanah dengan sedimen dari Era Mesozoik. \"Massif\" yang tinggi dengan penutup sedimen luar lebih biasa di Pegunungan Alpen Barat dan terjejas oleh Tempoh Neogene yang menjalar kulit berkulit tipis manakala Pegunungan Alpen Timur mempunyai beberapa massif yang paling tinggi. Begitu juga puncak di Switzerland yang meluas ke Austria barat (helvetic nappes) terdiri daripada lipatan sedutan berkulit tipis yang terpisah dari bekas batu bawah tanah. <> Kawasan apa yang berlaku di Perancis, Itali dan Switzerland terletak? || Zon Houilli\u00e8re <> Apa yang lebih biasa di Alps Barat? || \"Massif\" yang tinggi <> Apabila dibandingkan dengan Alps Barat, kawasan apa yang mempunyai sedikit massif tertinggi? || Alps Timur", {"qas": [{"question": "What area do peaks in France, Italy, and Switzerland lie in? ", "id": "56f8868baef2371900626160", "answers": [{"text": "Houilli\u00e8re zone", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are more common in the Western Alps?", "id": "56f8868baef2371900626161", "answers": [{"text": "High \"massifs\"", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When compared to the Western Alps, what area has few high peaked massifs?", "id": "56f8868baef2371900626162", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern Alps", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Peaks in France, Italy and Switzerland lie in the \"Houilli\u00e8re zone\", which consists of basement with sediments from the Mesozoic Era. High \"massifs\" with external sedimentary cover are more common in the Western Alps and were affected by Neogene Period thin-skinned thrusting whereas the Eastern Alps have comparatively few high peaked massifs. Similarly the peaks in Switzerland extending to western Austria (Helvetic nappes) consist of thin-skinned sedimentary folding that detached from former basement rock."}], ["Pendakian pertama Mont Blanc British berada di 1788; pendakian wanita pertama pada tahun 1819. Menjelang pertengahan tahun 1850-an gunung-gunung Switzerland telah meninggikan sebahagian besar puncak-puncak itu dan dengan pantasnya dicari sebagai pemandu gunung. Edward Whymper mencapai puncak Matterhorn pada tahun 1865 (selepas tujuh percubaan), dan pada tahun 1938, terakhir enam muka utara utara Alps telah naik dengan pendakian pertama Eiger Nordwand (muka utara Eiger). <> Bilakah pendakian pertama Mont Blanc British? || 1788 <> Bilakah pendakian wanita pertama di Mont Blanc? || 1819 <> Pernahkah gunung-gunung Switzerland naik ke puncak-puncaknya? || pertengahan 1850-an <> Apa tahun Edward Whymper sampai ke puncak Matterhorn? || 1865 <> Bilakah yang terakhir dari enam muka utara utara Alps naik? || 1938", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the first British Mont Blanc ascent? ", "id": "56f88e93a6d7ea1400e17757", "answers": [{"text": "1788", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the first female ascent on Mont Blanc?", "id": "56f88e93a6d7ea1400e17758", "answers": [{"text": "1819", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When had Swiss mountaineers ascended most of the peaks? ", "id": "56f88e93a6d7ea1400e17759", "answers": [{"text": "the mid-1850s", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Edward Whymper reach the top of the Matterhorn?", "id": "56f88e93a6d7ea1400e1775a", "answers": [{"text": "1865", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the last of the six great north faces of the Alps climbed? ", "id": "56f88e93a6d7ea1400e1775b", "answers": [{"text": "1938", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first British Mont Blanc ascent was in 1788; the first female ascent in 1819. By the mid-1850s Swiss mountaineers had ascended most of the peaks and were eagerly sought as mountain guides. Edward Whymper reached the top of the Matterhorn in 1865 (after seven attempts), and in 1938 the last of the six great north faces of the Alps was climbed with the first ascent of the Eiger Nordwand (north face of the Eiger)."}], ["Kawasan teras tali pinggang orogenik Alpine telah dilipat dan patah dengan cara sedemikian rupa sehingga hakisan mencipta puncak menegak yang tegak di Pegunungan Alpen Swiss yang meningkat seolah-olah lurus dari kawasan tanah air. Puncak seperti Mont Blanc, Matterhorn, dan puncak tinggi di Pennine Alps, Brian\u00e7onnais, dan Hohe Tauern terdiri daripada lapisan batu dari berbagai orogenies termasuk pendedahan batu bawah tanah. <> Apa yang terjadi pada tali pinggang orogenik Alpine yang memberikannya puncak menegak yang curam? || dilipat dan patah <> Mont Blanc, Matterhorn, dan puncak di cosine Pennine Alps apa? || lapisan batu daripada pelbagai orogenesis <> Apakah ciri-ciri umum Orenol Alpine? || puncak menegak yang curam", {"qas": [{"question": "What happened to the Alpine orogenic belt that gave it the steep vertical peak?", "id": "56f88a0ca6d7ea1400e1773f", "answers": [{"text": "folded and fractured", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Mont Blanc, the Matterhorn, and peaks in the Pennine Alps cosist of what?", "id": "56f88a0ca6d7ea1400e17740", "answers": [{"text": "layers of rock from the various orogenies", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the common characteristics of the Alpine Orogenic Belt?", "id": "56f88a0ca6d7ea1400e17741", "answers": [{"text": "steep vertical peaks", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The core regions of the Alpine orogenic belt have been folded and fractured in such a manner that erosion created the characteristic steep vertical peaks of the Swiss Alps that rise seemingly straight out of the foreland areas. Peaks such as Mont Blanc, the Matterhorn, and high peaks in the Pennine Alps, the Brian\u00e7onnais, and Hohe Tauern consist of layers of rock from the various orogenies including exposures of basement rock."}], ["Ketika Mont Blanc pertama kali dinaikkan pada tahun 1786, sebahagian besar dari empat ribu orang Alpine telah naik pada paruh pertama abad ke-19; pendakian Matterhorn pada tahun 1865 menandakan berakhirnya zaman kegemilangan alpinisme. Karl Blodig (1859-1956) adalah antara yang pertama berjaya memanjat semua puncak 4,000 m utama. Dia menyelesaikan siri pendakiannya pada tahun 1911. <> Bilakah Mont Blanc pertama kali naik? || 1786 <> Bilakah kebanyakan pendaki gunung Alpine yang paling tinggi? || separuh pertama abad ke 19 <> Bilakah pendakian Matterhorn? || 1865 <> Apa peninggalan tanda Matterhorn? || akhir zaman kegemilangan alpinism <> Siapa yang antara yang pertama berjaya memanjat semua puncak 4,000m utama? || Karl Blodig", {"qas": [{"question": "When was Mont Blanc first climbed?", "id": "56f88c53a6d7ea1400e1774d", "answers": [{"text": "1786", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were most of the Alpine fourthousanders climber?", "id": "56f88c53a6d7ea1400e1774e", "answers": [{"text": "first half of the 19th century", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the ascent of the Matterhorn?", "id": "56f88c53a6d7ea1400e1774f", "answers": [{"text": "1865", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the ascent of the Matterhorn mark?", "id": "56f88c53a6d7ea1400e17750", "answers": [{"text": "the end of the golden age of alpinism", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was among the first to successfully climb all the major 4,000m peaks?", "id": "56f88c53a6d7ea1400e17751", "answers": [{"text": "Karl Blodig", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "While Mont Blanc was first climbed in 1786, most of the Alpine four-thousanders were climbed during the first half of the 19th century; the ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865 marked the end of the golden age of alpinism. Karl Blodig (1859\u20131956) was among the first to successfully climb all the major 4,000 m peaks. He completed his series of ascents in 1911."}], ["Kristal Alpine telah dikaji dan dikumpulkan selama beratus-ratus tahun, dan mula diklasifikasikan pada abad ke-18. Leonhard Euler mengkaji bentuk kristal, dan oleh memburu kristal abad ke-19 adalah biasa di rantau Alpine. David Friedrich Wiser mengumpulkan koleksi 8000 kristal yang dia belajar dan didokumenkan. Pada abad ke-20 Robert Parker menulis karya yang terkenal mengenai kristal-kristal batu di Pegunungan Alpen Swiss; pada masa yang sama suruhanjaya ditubuhkan untuk mengawal dan menyeragamkan penamaan mineral Alpine. <> Berapa lamakah kristal Alpine dikaji dan dikumpulkan? || beratus-ratus tahun <> Bilakah alpine kristal mula dikelaskan? || abad ke-18 <> Siapa yang mempelajari bentuk kristal? || Leonhard Euler <> Pada abad ke-19 apa yang lazim di rantau Alpine? || memburu kristal <> Yang mengumpulkan koleksi 8000 kristal? || David Friedrich Wiser", {"qas": [{"question": "How long have Alpine crystals been studied and collected? ", "id": "56f89035aef23719006261a8", "answers": [{"text": "hundreds of years", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the alpine crystals begin to be classified? ", "id": "56f89035aef23719006261a9", "answers": [{"text": "the 18th century", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who studied the shapes of crystals? ", "id": "56f89035aef23719006261aa", "answers": [{"text": "Leonhard Euler", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By the 19th century what was common in the Alpine regions?", "id": "56f89035aef23719006261ab", "answers": [{"text": "crystal hunting", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who amassed a collection 8000 crystals?", "id": "56f89035aef23719006261ac", "answers": [{"text": "David Friedrich Wiser", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Alpine crystals have been studied and collected for hundreds of years, and began to be classified in the 18th century. Leonhard Euler studied the shapes of crystals, and by the 19th century crystal hunting was common in Alpine regions. David Friedrich Wiser amassed a collection of 8000 crystals that he studied and documented. In the 20th century Robert Parker wrote a well-known work about the rock crystals of the Swiss Alps; at the same period a commission was established to control and standardize the naming of Alpine minerals."}], ["Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA) telah menetapkan senarai puncak 82 \"rasmi\" Alpine yang mencapai sekurang-kurangnya 4,000 m (13,123 kaki). Senarai ini termasuk bukan sahaja gunung, tetapi juga subpeaks dengan keunikan kecil yang dianggap sebagai tujuan pendaki penting. Di bawah ini disenaraikan 22 \"empat ribu\" dengan ketinggian 500 m (1,640 kaki). <> Kumpulan apa yang menentukan senarai 82 puncak Apline rasmi yang mencapai 4,000m? || Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA) <> Apa yang termasuk dalam senarai 82 puncak Apline rasmi selain daripada Mountains? || subpeaks dengan keunikan yang kurang penting yang dianggap sebagai tujuan pendaki penting <> Senarai dua puluh dua sidang kemuncak mempunyai sekurang-kurangnya berapa ketara? || 500 m (1,640 kaki)", {"qas": [{"question": "What group defined a list of 82 official Apline summits that reach 4,000m?", "id": "56f88bb0aef2371900626170", "answers": [{"text": "Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA)", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is included in the list of 82 official Apline summits other than Mountains?", "id": "56f88bb0aef2371900626171", "answers": [{"text": "subpeaks with little prominence that are considered important mountaineering objectives", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The list of twenty two summits has summits with at least how much prominence?", "id": "56f88bb0aef2371900626172", "answers": [{"text": "500 m (1,640 ft)", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA) has defined a list of 82 \"official\" Alpine summits that reach at least 4,000 m (13,123 ft). The list includes not only mountains, but also subpeaks with little prominence that are considered important mountaineering objectives. Below are listed the 22 \"four-thousanders\" with at least 500 m (1,640 ft) of prominence."}], ["Secara ringkas, struktur Alpen terdiri daripada lapisan batu dari Eropah, Afrika dan lautan (Tethyan) asal. Struktur nappe bawah adalah asal benua Eropah, di atas yang disusun nampak sedimen marin, diakhiri oleh nappes yang berasal dari piring Afrika. Matterhorn adalah contoh dari orogeny yang berterusan dan menunjukkan bukti lipatan yang hebat. Hujung gunung terdiri daripada gneisses dari piring Afrika; pangkal puncak, di bawah kawasan berpinggang, terdiri daripada batu bawah tanah Eropah. Urutan sedimen marin Tethyan dan dasar laut lautannya diapit di antara batu yang berasal dari lempeng Afrika dan Eropah. <> Lapisan batu dari Eropah, Afrika dan lautan membentuk apa? || struktur Alpen <> Apa asalnya struktur nappe bawah? || benua Eropah <> Di mana bahagian atas nappes berasal? || pir Afrika <> Apa contoh orogeny yang berterusan? || The Matterhorn", {"qas": [{"question": "Layers of rock from Europe, Africa and the ocean make up what?", "id": "56f88857a6d7ea1400e1772d", "answers": [{"text": "the structure of the Alps", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the origin of the bottom nappe structure? ", "id": "56f88857a6d7ea1400e1772e", "answers": [{"text": "continental Europe", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are the top of the nappes derived from? ", "id": "56f88857a6d7ea1400e1772f", "answers": [{"text": "the African plate", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of the ongoing orogeny?", "id": "56f88857a6d7ea1400e17730", "answers": [{"text": "The Matterhorn", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In simple terms the structure of the Alps consists of layers of rock of European, African and oceanic (Tethyan) origin. The bottom nappe structure is of continental European origin, above which are stacked marine sediment nappes, topped off by nappes derived from the African plate. The Matterhorn is an example of the ongoing orogeny and shows evidence of great folding. The tip of the mountain consists of gneisses from the African plate; the base of the peak, below the glaciated area, consists of European basement rock. The sequence of Tethyan marine sediments and their oceanic basement is sandwiched between rock derived from the African and European plates."}], ["Cuaca yang teruk di Alps telah dikaji sejak abad ke-18; terutamanya corak cuaca seperti angin foehn bermusim. Banyak stesen cuaca diletakkan di pergunungan pada awal abad ke-20, menyediakan data berterusan untuk klimatologi. Beberapa lembah agak gersang seperti lembah Aosta di Itali, Maurienne di Perancis, Valais di Switzerland, dan Tyrol utara. <> Sejak bila cuaca buruk di Alps telah dipelajari? || abad ke-18 <> Terutama apa bahagian cuaca yang telah dipelajari? || corak cuaca <> Apa yang diletakkan di pergunungan pada awal abad ke-20? || Banyak stesen cuaca <> Di manakah lembah Aosta terletak? || Itali <> Di mana Valais terletak? || Switzerland", {"qas": [{"question": "Since when has the severe weather in the Alps been studied? ", "id": "56f8a5839b226e1400dd0d3b", "answers": [{"text": "the 18th century", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Particularly what part of the weather has been studied?", "id": "56f8a5839b226e1400dd0d3c", "answers": [{"text": "the weather patterns", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was placed in the mountains early in the 20th century?", "id": "56f8a5839b226e1400dd0d3d", "answers": [{"text": "Numerous weather stations", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Aosta valley located?", "id": "56f8a5839b226e1400dd0d3e", "answers": [{"text": "Italy", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Valais located?", "id": "56f8a5839b226e1400dd0d3f", "answers": [{"text": "Switzerland", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The severe weather in the Alps has been studied since the 18th century; particularly the weather patterns such as the seasonal foehn wind. Numerous weather stations were placed in the mountains early in the early 20th century, providing continuous data for climatologists. Some of the valleys are quite arid such as the Aosta valley in Italy, the Maurienne in France, the Valais in Switzerland, and northern Tyrol."}], ["Sungai-sungai membentuk tasik, seperti Tasik Geneva, sebuah tasik berbentuk sabit melintasi sempadan Switzerland dengan Lausanne di bahagian Swiss dan bandar Evian-les-Bains di sebelah Perancis. Di Jerman, kapel St. Bartholomew abad pertengahan dibina di sebelah selatan K\u00f6nigssee, hanya boleh diakses dengan bot atau dengan memanjat puncak-puncak yang berleluasa. <> Di mana abad tengah St. Bartholomew Chapel terletak? || Jerman <> Apakah bahagian Konigssee adalah kapel St. Bartholomew? || sebelah selatan <> Apa bentuk sungai? || tasik", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the medieval St. Bartholomew Chapel located?", "id": "56f8a2749e9bad19000a0225", "answers": [{"text": "Germany", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What side of the Konigssee was St. Bartholomew's chapel built?", "id": "56f8a2749e9bad19000a0226", "answers": [{"text": "south side", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do the rivers form?", "id": "56f8a2749e9bad19000a0227", "answers": [{"text": "lakes", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The rivers form lakes, such as Lake Geneva, a crescent shaped lake crossing the Swiss border with Lausanne on the Swiss side and the town of Evian-les-Bains on the French side. In Germany, the medieval St. Bartholomew's chapel was built on the south side of the K\u00f6nigssee, accessible only by boat or by climbing over the abutting peaks."}], ["Gletser Alpine boleh menjadi sungai lurus ais, sungai yang panjang menyapu, tersebar dalam bentuk seperti kipas (glasier Piedmont), dan langsir ais yang digantung dari lereng menegak puncak gunung. Tekanan pergerakan menyebabkan ais memecahkan dan retak dengan kuat, mungkin menjelaskan mengapa gunung dipercayai menjadi rumah kepada naga di zaman pertengahan. Keretakan itu menciptakan celah-celah yang tidak dapat diramalkan dan berbahaya, yang sering tidak kelihatan di bawah salji baru, yang menyebabkan bahaya terbesar kepada para pendaki gunung. <> Bagaimana glasier Piedmont muncul? || tersebar dalam bentuk penggemar seperti <> Apa yang menyebabkan ais pecah dan retak dengan kuat? || Tekanan pergerakan <> Apa retak ais yang dicipta? || ciptaan tidak dapat diramalkan dan berbahaya", {"qas": [{"question": "How do Piedmont glaciers appear?", "id": "56f897739b226e1400dd0c71", "answers": [{"text": "spread in a fan-like shape", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What causes the ice to break and crack loudly?", "id": "56f897739b226e1400dd0c72", "answers": [{"text": "The stress of the movement", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the cracking of the ice create?", "id": "56f897739b226e1400dd0c73", "answers": [{"text": "unpredictable and dangerous crevasses", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Alpine glaciers can be straight rivers of ice, long sweeping rivers, spread in a fan-like shape (Piedmont glaciers), and curtains of ice that hang from vertical slopes of the mountain peaks. The stress of the movement causes the ice to break and crack loudly, perhaps explaining why the mountains were believed to be home to dragons in the medieval period. The cracking creates unpredictable and dangerous crevasses, often invisible under new snowfall, which cause the greatest danger to mountaineers."}], ["Para saintis telah mengkaji kesan perubahan iklim dan penggunaan air. Sebagai contoh, setiap tahun lebih banyak air dialihkan dari sungai untuk pembuatan salji di resort ski, kesan yang belum diketahui. Tambahan pula, pengurangan kawasan glasier yang digabungkan dengan musim sejuk yang berkemungkinan berkurang dengan jangkaan rendah mungkin mempunyai impak masa depan di sungai-sungai di Alps serta kesan ke atas ketersediaan air ke dataran rendah. <> Siapa yang telah mempelajari kesan perubahan iklim dan penggunaan air? || Para saintis <> Air dialihkan dari sungai untuk tujuan apa? || penjana salji di resort ski <> Apakah kesan mengalihkan air dari sungai? || tidak diketahui", {"qas": [{"question": "Who have been studying the impact of climate change and water use?", "id": "56f8a3aa9b226e1400dd0d23", "answers": [{"text": "Scientists", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Water is diverted from rivers for what purpose?", "id": "56f8a3aa9b226e1400dd0d24", "answers": [{"text": "snowmaking in the ski resorts", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the effects of diverting the water from rivers?", "id": "56f8a3aa9b226e1400dd0d25", "answers": [{"text": "unknown", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Scientists have been studying the impact of climate change and water use. For example, each year more water is diverted from rivers for snowmaking in the ski resorts, the effect of which is yet unknown. Furthermore, the decrease of glaciated areas combined with a succession of winters with lower-than-expected precipitation may have a future impact on the rivers in the Alps as well as an effect on the water availability to the lowlands."}], ["Glasier berakhir di gua-gua ais (Rhone Glacier), dengan trailing ke dalam sebuah tasik atau sungai, atau dengan menumpahkan salju di padang rumput. Kadang-kadang sekeping glasier akan pecah atau pecah menyebabkan banjir, kerosakan harta benda dan kehilangan nyawa. Pada abad ke-17 kira-kira 2500 orang terbunuh oleh runtuhan di sebuah kampung di sempadan Perancis-Itali; pada abad ke-19, 120 rumah di sebuah kampung berhampiran Zermatt telah dimusnahkan oleh longsor. <> Apa yang menyebabkan banjir, kerosakan harta benda, dan kehilangan nyawa? || sekeping glasier akan melepaskan atau memecahkan <> Apa yang membunuh kira-kira 2500 orang pada abad ke-17? || runtuhan salji <> Berapa banyak rumah di sebuah kampung berhampiran Zermatt dihancurkan oleh longsor di abad ke-19? || 120 rumah", {"qas": [{"question": "What causes flooding, property damage, and loss of life?", "id": "56f89a8d9e9bad19000a01b7", "answers": [{"text": "a piece of glacier will detach or break", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What killed about 2500 people in the 17th century?", "id": "56f89a8d9e9bad19000a01b8", "answers": [{"text": "an avalanche", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many homes in a village near Zermatt were destroyed by an avalanche in the 19th century? ", "id": "56f89a8d9e9bad19000a01b9", "answers": [{"text": "120 homes", "answer_start": 354}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Glaciers end in ice caves (the Rhone Glacier), by trailing into a lake or river, or by shedding snowmelt on a meadow. Sometimes a piece of glacier will detach or break resulting in flooding, property damage and loss of life. In the 17th century about 2500 people were killed by an avalanche in a village on the French-Italian border; in the 19th century 120 homes in a village near Zermatt were destroyed by an avalanche."}], ["The Alps menyediakan tanah rendah Eropah dengan air minuman, pengairan, dan kuasa hidroelektrik. Walaupun kawasan ini hanya sekitar 11 peratus dari kawasan permukaan Eropah, Alps menyediakan sehingga 90 peratus air ke dataran rendah Eropah, terutamanya untuk kawasan gersang dan semasa musim panas. Bandar-bandar seperti Milan bergantung kepada 80 peratus air dari larian Alpine. Air dari sungai digunakan di lebih daripada 500 loji janakuasa hidroelektrik, menjana sebanyak 2900 kilowatt elektrik. <> Apa yang menyediakan Eropah dengan air minuman, pengairan, dan kuasa hidroelektrik? || The Alps <> Berapa banyak Eropah yang dimiliki oleh Alps? || 11 peratus daripada kawasan permukaan <> Berapa banyak air yang disediakan oleh Alpen ke tanah rendah Eropah? || 90 peratus <> Berapa banyak air yang bergantung kepada larian dari Alpine? || 80 peratus <> Air dari sungai digunakan dalam berapa banyak loji kuasa hidroelektrik? || 500", {"qas": [{"question": "What provides Europe with drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectric power?", "id": "56f89db09b226e1400dd0ccb", "answers": [{"text": "The Alps", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of Europe does the Alps cover?", "id": "56f89db09b226e1400dd0ccc", "answers": [{"text": "11 percent of the surface area", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much water does the Alps provide to lowland Europe?", "id": "56f89db09b226e1400dd0ccd", "answers": [{"text": "90 percent", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much water does Milan depend on from the Alpine runoff?", "id": "56f89db09b226e1400dd0cce", "answers": [{"text": "80 percent", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Water from the rivers is used in over how many hydroelectric power plants?", "id": "56f89db09b226e1400dd0ccf", "answers": [{"text": "500", "answer_start": 392}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Alps provide lowland Europe with drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectric power. Although the area is only about 11 percent of the surface area of Europe, the Alps provide up to 90 percent of water to lowland Europe, particularly to arid areas and during the summer months. Cities such as Milan depend on 80 percent of water from Alpine runoff. Water from the rivers is used in over 500 hydroelectricity power plants, generating as much as 2900 kilowatts of electricity."}], ["Kadar pemendakan yang tinggi menyebabkan glasier turun ke tahap permafrost di beberapa kawasan manakala di kawasan yang lain, lebih gersang, glasier kekal di atas kira-kira tahap 3,500 m (11,483 kaki). Kawasan 1,817 kilometer persegi (702 meter persegi) Alps yang diliputi oleh glasier pada tahun 1876 telah menyusut kepada 1,342 km2 (518 batu persegi) menjelang tahun 1973, mengakibatkan penurunan paras larian sungai. Empat puluh peratus daripada glasiasi di Austria telah hilang sejak tahun 1850, dan 30% daripadanya di Switzerland. <> Apa yang menyebabkan glasier turun ke tahap permafrost di beberapa kawasan? || Tahap pemendakan yang tinggi <> Dari 1876 hingga 1973, berapa glasier yang menutupi Alps mengecut? || ke 1,342 km2 (518 mil persegi) <> Apa yang mengakibatkan kehilangan kawasan glasier di atas Alps? || menurunkan tahap larian sungai. <> Berapa banyak glasiasi di Austria hilang? || Empat puluh peratus <> Berapa banyak glasiasi hilang di Switzerland? || 30%", {"qas": [{"question": "What cause the glaciers to descend to permafrost levels in some areas? ", "id": "56f89bfa9b226e1400dd0cb7", "answers": [{"text": "High levels of precipitation", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From 1876 to 1973, how much did the glaciers that covered the Alps shrink?", "id": "56f89bfa9b226e1400dd0cb8", "answers": [{"text": "to 1,342 km2 (518 sq mi)", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What resulted from the loss of the area the glaciers over the Alps?", "id": "56f89bfa9b226e1400dd0cb9", "answers": [{"text": "decreased river run-off levels.", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of the glaciation in Austria disappeared?", "id": "56f89bfa9b226e1400dd0cba", "answers": [{"text": "Forty percent", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of the glaciation disappeared in Switzerland?", "id": "56f89bfa9b226e1400dd0cbb", "answers": [{"text": "30%", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "High levels of precipitation cause the glaciers to descend to permafrost levels in some areas whereas in other, more arid regions, glaciers remain above about the 3,500 m (11,483 ft) level. The 1,817 square kilometres (702 sq mi) of the Alps covered by glaciers in 1876 had shrunk to 1,342 km2 (518 sq mi) by 1973, resulting in decreased river run-off levels. Forty percent of the glaciation in Austria has disappeared since 1850, and 30% of that in Switzerland."}], ["Alpen adalah contoh klasik tentang apa yang berlaku apabila kawasan yang sederhana di ketinggian yang lebih rendah memberikan laluan ke medan ketinggian yang lebih tinggi. Ketinggian di sekeliling dunia yang mempunyai iklim sejuk serupa dengan kawasan kutub telah dipanggil Alpine. Peningkatan dari paras laut ke kawasan atas atmosfera menyebabkan suhu menurun (lihat kadar luput adiabatik). Kesan rantaian gunung pada angin yang berlaku adalah untuk membawa udara hangat kepunyaan rantau yang lebih rendah ke zon atas, di mana ia mengembang dalam jumlah pada kos kehilangan suhu yang seimbang, sering disertai dengan hujan dalam bentuk salji atau hujan. Ketinggian Alpen cukup untuk membagi corak cuaca di Eropah ke utara utara dan selatan kering kerana kelembapan disedut dari udara ketika mengalir ke puncak tinggi. <> Apakah contoh klasik dari apa yang berlaku apabila kawasan yang sederhana di ketinggian yang lebih rendah memberi laluan ke medan ketinggian yang lebih tinggi? || The Alps <> Ketinggian di sekeliling dunia yang mempunyai iklim yang sama seperti di kawasan kutub telah dipanggil apa? || Alpine <> Apa yang menyebabkan suhu menurun? || Peningkatan dari paras laut ke kawasan atas atmosfer <> Apakah cukup untuk membahagikan corak cuaca di Eropah ke utara utara dan kering di selatan? || Ketinggian Alpen", {"qas": [{"question": "What are a classic example of what happens when a temperate area at lower altitude gives way to higher-elevation terrain?", "id": "56f8a4f49b226e1400dd0d33", "answers": [{"text": "The Alps", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Elevations around the world that have a cold climate similar to that of the polar region have been called what?", "id": "56f8a4f49b226e1400dd0d34", "answers": [{"text": "Alpine", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What causes the temperature to decrease?", "id": "56f8a4f49b226e1400dd0d35", "answers": [{"text": "A rise from sea level into the upper regions of the atmosphere", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is sufficient to divide the weather patterns in Europe into a wet north and dry south?", "id": "56f8a4f49b226e1400dd0d36", "answers": [{"text": "The height of the Alps", "answer_start": 631}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Alps are a classic example of what happens when a temperate area at lower altitude gives way to higher-elevation terrain. Elevations around the world that have cold climates similar to those of the polar regions have been called Alpine. A rise from sea level into the upper regions of the atmosphere causes the temperature to decrease (see adiabatic lapse rate). The effect of mountain chains on prevailing winds is to carry warm air belonging to the lower region into an upper zone, where it expands in volume at the cost of a proportionate loss of temperature, often accompanied by precipitation in the form of snow or rain. The height of the Alps is sufficient to divide the weather patterns in Europe into a wet north and a dry south because moisture is sucked from the air as it flows over the high peaks."}], ["Sungai-sungai utama Eropah mengalir dari Switzerland, seperti Rhine, Rhone, Inn, Ticino dan Po, yang semuanya mempunyai pergunungan di Alps dan mengalir ke negara-negara jiran, akhirnya mengosongkan ke Laut Utara, Laut Mediterranean, Laut Adriatik dan Laut Hitam. Sungai-sungai lain seperti Danube mempunyai sungai-sungai utama yang mengalir ke dalamnya yang berasal dari Alpen. Rhone adalah kedua ke Sungai Nil sebagai sumber air tawar ke Laut Mediterranean; sungai itu bermula sebagai air melati glasier, mengalir ke Tasik Geneva, dan dari sana ke Perancis di mana satu kegunaannya adalah untuk menyejukkan tumbuh-tumbuhan tenaga nuklear. Rhine berasal dari kawasan seluas 30 kilometer persegi di Switzerland dan mewakili hampir 60 peratus air yang dieksport dari negara ini. Lembah Tributary, sebahagiannya adalah rumit, saluran air ke lembah utama yang dapat mengalami banjir semasa musim cair salju apabila larian yang cepat menyebabkan runtuhan serpihan dan sungai bengkak. <> Rhine, Rhone, Inn, Ticino dan Sungai Po mengalir dari Negara apa? || Switzerland <> Di manakah anak sungai utama yang mengalir melalui Danube berasal dari? || Alps <> Sungai mana yang kedua ke Sungai Nil sebagai sumber air tawar ke Mediterranean? || Rhone <> Apa yang Rhone bermula? || gletser meltwater <> Di manakah Rhine berasal? || kawasan seluas 30 kilometer persegi di Switzerland", {"qas": [{"question": "The Rhine, the Rhone, the Inn, the Ticino and the Po rivers flow from what Country?", "id": "56f89f569b226e1400dd0cdf", "answers": [{"text": "Switzerland", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do the major tributaries that flow through the Danube originate from?", "id": "56f89f569b226e1400dd0ce0", "answers": [{"text": "the Alps", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which river is second to the Nile as a freshwater source to the Mediterranean?", "id": "56f89f569b226e1400dd0ce1", "answers": [{"text": "The Rhone", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does The Rhone begin as?", "id": "56f89f569b226e1400dd0ce2", "answers": [{"text": "glacial meltwater", "answer_start": 484}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the Rhine originate?", "id": "56f89f569b226e1400dd0ce3", "answers": [{"text": "a 30 square kilometre area in Switzerland", "answer_start": 631}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Major European rivers flow from Switzerland, such as the Rhine, the Rhone, the Inn, the Ticino and the Po, all of which have headwaters in the Alps and flow into neighbouring countries, finally emptying into the North Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the Adriatic Sea and the Black Sea. Other rivers such as the Danube have major tributaries flowing into them that originate in the Alps. The Rhone is second to the Nile as a freshwater source to the Mediterranean Sea; the river begins as glacial meltwater, flows into Lake Geneva, and from there to France where one of its uses is to cool nuclear power plants. The Rhine originates in a 30 square kilometre area in Switzerland and represents almost 60 percent of water exported from the country. Tributary valleys, some of which are complicated, channel water to the main valleys which can experience flooding during the snow melt season when rapid runoff causes debris torrents and swollen rivers."}], ["Glasier mengambil batu dan sedimen dengan mereka ketika mereka mengalir. Ini menyebabkan hakisan dan pembentukan lembah dari masa ke masa. Lembah Inn adalah contoh lembah yang diukir oleh glasier semasa zaman ais dengan struktur teres khas yang disebabkan oleh hakisan. Batu-batu yang terbit dari zaman es yang paling baru terletak di bahagian bawah lembah manakala bahagian atas lembah itu terdiri daripada hakisan dari zaman ais sebelumnya. Lembah glasium mempunyai dinding yang curam (relief); lembah dengan relief yang lebih rendah dan cerun talus adalah sisa palung glasier atau lembah terdahulu. Moraines, tumpukan batu yang diambil semasa pergerakan glasier, berkumpul di tepi, pusat dan terminal glasier. <> Apakah contoh lembah yang diukir oleh glasier semasa zaman ais? || The Inn valley <> Apa yang terletak di bahagian bawah Inn Valley || Batu-batu yang terbit dari zaman ais paling terkini <> Bahagian atas Inn Valley terdiri daripada apa? || hakisan dari zaman es awal <> Apakah Moraines? || tumpukan batu yang diambil semasa pergerakan glasier <> Di manakah moraine yang terkumpul? || di tepi, tengah dan terminal glasier.", {"qas": [{"question": "What is an example of a valley carved by glaciers during the ice ages? ", "id": "56f8960c9b226e1400dd0c53", "answers": [{"text": "The Inn valley", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What lays at the bottom of the Inn Valley", "id": "56f8960c9b226e1400dd0c54", "answers": [{"text": "Eroded rocks from the most recent ice age", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The top of the Inn Valley consists of what?", "id": "56f8960c9b226e1400dd0c55", "answers": [{"text": "erosion from earlier ice ages", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are Moraines?", "id": "56f8960c9b226e1400dd0c56", "answers": [{"text": "piles of rock picked up during the movement of the glacier", "answer_start": 579}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where have moraines accumulated?", "id": "56f8960c9b226e1400dd0c57", "answers": [{"text": "at edges, center and the terminus of glaciers.", "answer_start": 650}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Glaciers pick up rocks and sediment with them as they flow. This causes erosion and the formation of valleys over time. The Inn valley is an example of a valley carved by glaciers during the ice ages with a typical terraced structure caused by erosion. Eroded rocks from the most recent ice age lie at the bottom of the valley while the top of the valley consists of erosion from earlier ice ages. Glacial valleys have characteristically steep walls (reliefs); valleys with lower reliefs and talus slopes are remnants of glacial troughs or previously infilled valleys. Moraines, piles of rock picked up during the movement of the glacier, accumulate at edges, center and the terminus of glaciers."}], ["Keadaan iklim yang melampau dan tekanan memberi peluang kepada pertumbuhan spesies tumbuhan dengan metabolit sekunder yang penting untuk tujuan perubatan. Origanum vulgare, Prunella vulgaris, Solanum nigrum dan Urtica dioica adalah beberapa spesies perubatan yang lebih berguna yang terdapat di Alps. <> Apa yang memberi laluan kepada pertumbuhan spesies tumbuhan dengan metabolit sekunder yang penting untuk tujuan perubatan? || keadaan cuaca yang melampau dan tekanan <> Origanum Vulgare mempunyai ciri-ciri berguna apa? || ubat <> Di mana Urtica dioica dijumpai? || Alps", {"qas": [{"question": "What gives way to the growth of plant species with secondary metabolites important for medicinal purposes?", "id": "56f8ac5d9b226e1400dd0dcf", "answers": [{"text": "extreme and stressful climatic conditions", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Origanum Vulgare has what useful properties?", "id": "56f8ac5d9b226e1400dd0dd0", "answers": [{"text": "medicinal", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are Urtica dioica found?", "id": "56f8ac5d9b226e1400dd0dd1", "answers": [{"text": "the Alps", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The extreme and stressful climatic conditions give way to the growth of plant species with secondary metabolites important for medicinal purposes. Origanum vulgare, Prunella vulgaris, Solanum nigrum and Urtica dioica are some of the more useful medicinal species found in the Alps."}], ["Alpen adalah habitat untuk 30,000 spesies satwa liar, dari kutu salji yang paling kecil hingga ke beruang coklat, kebanyakannya telah membuat penyesuaian kepada keadaan sejuk yang teruk dan ketinggian tinggi sehingga titik tertentu hanya bertahan dalam iklim mikro tertentu sama ada secara langsung di atas atau di bawah garis salji. <> Berapa banyak spesies habitat hidupan liar di Alps? || 30,000 spesies <> Apakah hidupan liar dilakukan untuk bertahan dengan keadaan yang teruk di Alps? || membuat penyesuaian <> Sesetengah spesies satwa liar hanya dapat bertahan dalam persekitaran khusus apa? || secara langsung di atas atau di bawah garis salji", {"qas": [{"question": "How many species of wildlife habitat the Alps?", "id": "56f8af259b226e1400dd0dff", "answers": [{"text": "30,000 species", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What have the wildlife done to survive the harsh conditions of the Alps?", "id": "56f8af259b226e1400dd0e00", "answers": [{"text": "made adaptations", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some species of wildlife can only survive in what specific environment?", "id": "56f8af259b226e1400dd0e01", "answers": [{"text": "directly above or below the snow line", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Alps are a habitat for 30,000 species of wildlife, ranging from the tiniest snow fleas to brown bears, many of which have made adaptations to the harsh cold conditions and high altitudes to the point that some only survive in specific micro-climates either directly above or below the snow line."}], ["Pelbagai model perubahan iklim telah diproyeksikan ke abad ke-22 untuk Alps, dengan jangkaan bahawa trend ke arah peningkatan suhu akan memberi kesan kepada salji, salji salji, glasiasi, dan larian sungai. <> Apa yang telah diproyeksikan ke abad ke-22 untuk Alps? || Pelbagai model perubahan iklim <> Apa yang akan memberi kesan kepada salji, salji salji, glasiasi, dan larian sungai? || suhu meningkat <> Apa yang ada dalam pelbagai model? || perubahan iklim", {"qas": [{"question": "What has been projected into the 22nd century for the Alps?", "id": "56f8a8639e9bad19000a0277", "answers": [{"text": "Various models of climate change", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What will have an effect on snowfall, snowpack, glaciation, and river runoff?", "id": "56f8a8639e9bad19000a0278", "answers": [{"text": "increased temperatures", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What have the various models been of?", "id": "56f8a8639e9bad19000a0279", "answers": [{"text": "climate change", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Various models of climate change have been projected into the 22nd century for the Alps, with an expectation that a trend toward increased temperatures will have an effect on snowfall, snowpack, glaciation, and river runoff."}], ["Tiga belas ribu spesis tumbuhan telah dikenal pasti di rantau Alpine. Tumbuh-tumbuhan Alpine dikelompokkan oleh habitat dan jenis tanah yang boleh menjadi batu kapur atau tidak calar. Habitat ini terdiri daripada padang rumput, rawa, hutan (daun rimbun dan konifer) hingga ke arus deras dan moraine, dan wajah dan rabung batu. Batasan tumbuh-tumbuhan semulajadi dengan ketinggian diberikan oleh kehadiran ketua-ketua daun pokok-pohon oak, beech, abu dan maple sycamore. Ini tidak sampai sama dengan ketinggian yang sama, ataupun mereka sering ditemui tumbuh bersama; tetapi had atasnya sepadan dengan cukup tepat untuk perubahan dari iklim sederhana ke iklim yang lebih sejuk yang dibuktikan lagi oleh perubahan kehadiran tumbuh-tumbuhan herba liar. Batasan ini biasanya terletak kira-kira 1,200 m (3,940 kaki) di atas laut di sebelah utara Alps, tetapi di lereng selatan ia sering meningkat hingga 1,500 m (4,920 kaki), kadang kala hingga 1,700 m (5,580 kaki). <> Berapa banyak spesies tumbuhan telah dikenal pasti di rantau Alpine? || Tiga belas ribu <> Bagaimana tumbuhan Alpine dikumpulkan? || oleh habitat dan jenis tanah <> Oak, beech, ash, dan maple sycamore membentuk kumpulan pokok apa? || pokok pokok luruh", {"qas": [{"question": "How many species of plants have been identified in the Alpine regions?", "id": "56f8a9139b226e1400dd0d7f", "answers": [{"text": "Thirteen thousand", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are Alpine plants grouped?", "id": "56f8a9139b226e1400dd0d80", "answers": [{"text": "by habitat and soil type", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Oak, beech, ash, and sycamore maple make up what group of trees?", "id": "56f8a9139b226e1400dd0d81", "answers": [{"text": "chief deciduous trees", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Thirteen thousand species of plants have been identified in the Alpine regions. Alpine plants are grouped by habitat and soil type which can be limestone or non-calcerous. The habitats range from meadows, bogs, woodland (deciduous and coniferous) areas to soilless scree and moraines, and rock faces and ridges. A natural vegetation limit with altitude is given by the presence of the chief deciduous trees\u2014oak, beech, ash and sycamore maple. These do not reach exactly to the same elevation, nor are they often found growing together; but their upper limit corresponds accurately enough to the change from a temperate to a colder climate that is further proved by a change in the presence of wild herbaceous vegetation. This limit usually lies about 1,200 m (3,940 ft) above the sea on the north side of the Alps, but on the southern slopes it often rises to 1,500 m (4,920 ft), sometimes even to 1,700 m (5,580 ft)."}], ["Di ketinggian yang lebih tinggi ini, tumbuhan cenderung membentuk kusyen terpencil. Di Alps, beberapa spesies tumbuhan berbunga telah direkodkan melebihi 4,000 m (13,120 kaki), termasuk Ranunculus glacialis, Androsace alpina dan Saxifraga biflora. Eritrichium nanum, yang biasanya dikenali sebagai King of the Alps, adalah yang paling sukar dipahami dari bunga alpine, yang tumbuh di rabung berbatu di 2,600 hingga 3,750 m (8,530 hingga 12,303 kaki). Mungkin yang paling dikenali tumbuhan alpine adalah Edelweiss yang tumbuh di kawasan berbatu dan boleh didapati di ketinggian serendah 1,400 m (4,593 kaki) dan setinggi 3,400 m (11,155 kaki). Tumbuh-tumbuhan yang tumbuh di ketinggian tertinggi telah disesuaikan dengan keadaan dengan pengkhususan seperti tumbuh di lapangan batu yang memberi perlindungan dari angin. <> Apa tumbuhan cenderung terbentuk di ketinggian yang lebih tinggi? || kusyen terpencil <> Ranunculus glacialis telah direkodkan telah dijumpai sejauh mana di alps? || di atas 4,000 m <> Apa yang dikenali sebagai Eritrichium nanum? || Raja Alps <> Apa yang paling dikenali tumbuhan alpine? || Edelweiss", {"qas": [{"question": "What do the plants tend to form at higher altitudes? ", "id": "56f8abee9b226e1400dd0dbf", "answers": [{"text": "isolated cushions", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Ranunculus glacialis have been recorded to have been found how far in the alps?", "id": "56f8abee9b226e1400dd0dc0", "answers": [{"text": "above 4,000 m", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Eritrichium nanum commonly known as?", "id": "56f8abee9b226e1400dd0dc1", "answers": [{"text": "the King of the Alps", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the best known of the alpine plants?", "id": "56f8abee9b226e1400dd0dc2", "answers": [{"text": "Edelweiss", "answer_start": 460}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At these higher altitudes, the plants tend to form isolated cushions. In the Alps, several species of flowering plants have been recorded above 4,000 m (13,120 ft), including Ranunculus glacialis, Androsace alpina and Saxifraga biflora. The Eritrichium nanum, commonly known as the King of the Alps, is the most elusive of the alpine flowers, growing on rocky ridges at 2,600 to 3,750 m (8,530 to 12,303 ft). Perhaps the best known of the alpine plants is the Edelweiss which grows in rocky areas and can be found at altitudes as low as 1,400 m (4,593 ft) and as high as 3,400 m (11,155 ft). The plants that grow at the highest altitudes have adapted to conditions by specialization such as growing in rock screes that give protection from winds."}], ["Tumbuhan Alpine seperti gentian Alpine berkembang dengan banyaknya di kawasan-kawasan seperti padang rumput di atas Lauterbrunnental. Gentian dinamakan sempena raja Illyrian Gentius, dan 40 spesies bunga mekar musim bunga awal berkembang di Alps, dalam jarak 1,500 hingga 2,400 m (4,921 hingga 7,874 kaki). Menulis tentang orang-orang gentian di Switzerland D. H. Lawrence menggambarkan mereka sebagai \"gelap pada siang hari, obor-seperti dengan kemerahan merokok kemurungan Pluto.\" Gentian cenderung \"muncul\" berkali-kali apabila musim bunga yang mekar berlaku pada tarikh yang kemudian, bergerak dari ketinggian yang lebih rendah ke padang rumput yang lebih tinggi di mana salji mencairkan lebih lama daripada di lembah. Pada batu karang yang paling tinggi, bunga musim bunga mekar pada musim panas. <> Apa yang tumbuh dengan berlimpah di kawasan seperti padang rumput di atas Lauterbrunnental? || Tanaman Alpine seperti gentian Alpine <> Apa yang dinamakan Gentian selepas? || Illyrian king Gentius <> Berapa banyak spesies bunga awal bermata bunga berkembang di Alps? || 40 spesies", {"qas": [{"question": "What grows in abundance in areas such as the meadows above the Lauterbrunnental?", "id": "56f8aa359e9bad19000a0295", "answers": [{"text": "Alpine plants such the Alpine gentian", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are Gentians named after?", "id": "56f8aa359e9bad19000a0296", "answers": [{"text": "the Illyrian king Gentius", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many species of the early-spring blooming flower grow in the Alps?", "id": "56f8aa359e9bad19000a0297", "answers": [{"text": "40 species", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Alpine plants such the Alpine gentian grow in abundance in areas such as the meadows above the Lauterbrunnental. Gentians are named after the Illyrian king Gentius, and 40 species of the early-spring blooming flower grow in the Alps, in a range of 1,500 to 2,400 m (4,921 to 7,874 ft). Writing about the gentians in Switzerland D. H. Lawrence described them as \"darkening the day-time, torch-like with the smoking blueness of Pluto's gloom.\" Gentians tend to \"appear\" repeatedly as the spring blooming takes place at progressively later dates, moving from the lower altitude to the higher altitude meadows where the snow melts much later than in the valleys. On the highest rocky ledges the spring flowers bloom in the summer."}], ["Di atas hutan, seringkali terdapat kumpulan pokok pain pendek (Pinus mugo), yang kemudiannya digantikan oleh Alpenrosen, semak kerdil, biasanya Rhododendron ferrugineum (pada tanah asid) atau Rhododendron hirsutum (di tanah alkali). Walaupun Alpenrose lebih suka tanah berasid, tumbuh-tumbuhan dijumpai di seluruh rantau ini. Di atas garis pokok adalah kawasan yang ditakrifkan sebagai \"alpine\" di mana terdapat tumbuhan padang rumput alpine yang telah disesuaikan dengan keadaan cuaca yang dingin, kelembapan, dan ketinggian yang tinggi. Kawasan alpine berfluktuasi kerana turun naik serantau di garisan pokok. <> Apa yang sering di atas perhutanan? || satu kumpulan pokok pain pain <> Apa jenis tanah yang lebih suka daripada Alpenrose? || tanah berasid <> Apakah kawasan di atas treeline yang ditakrifkan sebagai? || alpine <> Mengapa kawasan alpine berfluktuasi dengan sangat? || kerana turun naik serantau di garisan pokok.", {"qas": [{"question": "What is often above the forestry?", "id": "56f8a99d9b226e1400dd0d8f", "answers": [{"text": "a band of short pine trees", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of soil does Alpenrose prefer?", "id": "56f8a99d9b226e1400dd0d90", "answers": [{"text": "acidic soil", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the area above the treeline defined as?", "id": "56f8a99d9b226e1400dd0d91", "answers": [{"text": "alpine", "answer_start": 362}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why does the alpine area fluctuate greatly?", "id": "56f8a99d9b226e1400dd0d92", "answers": [{"text": "because of regional fluctuations in tree lines.", "answer_start": 543}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Above the forestry, there is often a band of short pine trees (Pinus mugo), which is in turn superseded by Alpenrosen, dwarf shrubs, typically Rhododendron ferrugineum (on acid soils) or Rhododendron hirsutum (on alkaline soils). Although the Alpenrose prefers acidic soil, the plants are found throughout the region. Above the tree line is the area defined as \"alpine\" where in the alpine meadow plants are found that have adapted well to harsh conditions of cold temperatures, aridity, and high altitudes. The alpine area fluctuates greatly because of regional fluctuations in tree lines."}], ["Campuran manusia telah hampir memusnahkan pokok-pokok di banyak kawasan, dan, kecuali untuk hutan beech di Pegunungan Alp Austria, hutan pokok daun jarang ditemui selepas penebangan hutan yang melampau antara abad ke-17 dan ke-19. Tumbuhan telah berubah sejak separuh kedua abad ke-20, kerana padang rumput alpine yang tinggi berhenti dituai untuk jerami atau digunakan untuk merumput yang akhirnya dapat menghasilkan pertumbuhan semula hutan. Di sesetengah kawasan amalan moden bangunan ski berjalan dengan cara mekanikal telah memusnahkan tundra yang mendasari dari mana kehidupan tumbuhan tidak dapat pulih pada bulan-bulan bukan ski, sementara kawasan yang masih mengamalkan jenis piste semula jadi bangunan cerun ski memelihara pendasar rapuh. <> Apa yang hampir menghapuskan pokok di banyak kawasan? || Campuran manusia <> Apa yang jarang ditemui selepas penebangan hutan yang melampau antara abad ke-17 dan ke-19? || hutan pokok daun <> Apa yang telah berubah sejak separuh kedua abad ke-20? || The vegetation <> Amalan membina berjalan ski dengan cara mekanikal telah menghancurkan apa? || tundra asas", {"qas": [{"question": "What has nearly exterminated the trees in many areas?", "id": "56f8ae129b226e1400dd0ded", "answers": [{"text": "Human interference", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are rarely found after the extreme deforestation between the 17th and 19th centuries?", "id": "56f8ae129b226e1400dd0dee", "answers": [{"text": "forests of deciduous trees", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has changed since the second half of the 20th century?", "id": "56f8ae129b226e1400dd0def", "answers": [{"text": "The vegetation", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The practice of building ski runs by mechanical means has destroyed what?", "id": "56f8ae129b226e1400dd0df0", "answers": [{"text": "the underlying tundra", "answer_start": 528}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Human interference has nearly exterminated the trees in many areas, and, except for the beech forests of the Austrian Alps, forests of deciduous trees are rarely found after the extreme deforestation between the 17th and 19th centuries. The vegetation has changed since the second half of the 20th century, as the high alpine meadows cease to be harvested for hay or used for grazing which eventually might result in a regrowth of forest. In some areas the modern practice of building ski runs by mechanical means has destroyed the underlying tundra from which the plant life cannot recover during the non-skiing months, whereas areas that still practice a natural piste type of ski slope building preserve the fragile underlayers."}], ["Kawasan-kawasan yang tidak kering dan menerima pengalaman curah hujan yang berkala dari banjir salji yang cepat dan larian. Purata hujan di Alps berkisar dari 2,600 mm (100 in) setahun kepada 3,600 mm (140 in) setahun, dengan paras yang lebih tinggi yang berlaku di ketinggian tinggi. Sekitar 1000 dan 3,000 m (3,281 dan 9,843 kaki), salji bermula pada bulan November dan berkumpul hingga April atau Mei apabila cair bermula. Saluran salji berbeza dari 2,400 hingga 3,000 m (7,874 hingga 9,843 kaki), di mana salji kekal dan suhu bergerak di sekitar titik beku pada bulan Julai dan Ogos. Tahap tinggi air sungai dan sungai pada bulan Jun dan Julai apabila salji masih lebat di ketinggian yang lebih tinggi. <> Kawasan apa yang mengalami banjir berkala dari salji salji yang cepat dan larian? || Kawasan-kawasan yang tidak kering dan menerima hujan tinggi <> Apakah rentang purata hujan di Alps? || 2,600 mm (100 in) setahun kepada 3,600 mm (140 in) per tahun <> Di manakah tahap pemendakan yang lebih tinggi berlaku? || tinggi ketinggian <> Pada ketinggian apa salji bermula pada bulan November? || Di ketinggian antara 1,000 dan 3,000 m", {"qas": [{"question": "What areas experience periodic flooding from rapid snowmelt and runoff?", "id": "56f8a6849b226e1400dd0d4b", "answers": [{"text": "The areas that are not arid and receive high precipitation", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the ranges of mean precipitation in the Alps?", "id": "56f8a6849b226e1400dd0d4c", "answers": [{"text": "2,600 mm (100 in) per year to 3,600 mm (140 in) per year", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do the higher levels of precipitation occur? ", "id": "56f8a6849b226e1400dd0d4d", "answers": [{"text": "high altitudes", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what altitude does snowfall begin in November?", "id": "56f8a6849b226e1400dd0d4e", "answers": [{"text": "At altitudes between 1,000 and 3,000 m", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The areas that are not arid and receive high precipitation experience periodic flooding from rapid snowmelt and runoff. The mean precipitation in the Alps ranges from a low of 2,600 mm (100 in) per year to 3,600 mm (140 in) per year, with the higher levels occurring at high altitudes. At altitudes between 1,000 and 3,000 m (3,281 and 9,843 ft), snowfall begins in November and accumulates through to April or May when the melt begins. Snow lines vary from 2,400 to 3,000 m (7,874 to 9,843 ft), above which the snow is permanent and the temperatures hover around the freezing point even July and August. High-water levels in streams and rivers peak in June and July when the snow is still melting at the higher altitudes."}], ["The Alps dibahagikan kepada lima zon iklim, masing-masing dengan tumbuh-tumbuhan yang berbeza. Iklim, kehidupan tumbuhan dan kehidupan haiwan berbeza-beza di antara bahagian atau zon yang berlainan di pergunungan. Zon terendah adalah zon colline, yang ada antara 500 dan 1,000 m (1,640 dan 3,281 kaki), bergantung kepada lokasi. Zon montane meluas dari 800 hingga 1,700 m (2,625 hingga 5,577 kaki), diikuti oleh zon sub-Alpine dari 1,600 hingga 2,400 m (5,249 hingga 7,874 kaki). Zon Alpine, dari garis pohon ke garis salju, diikuti oleh zon glasial, yang meliputi kawasan glasiasi gunung. Keadaan iklim menunjukkan variasi dalam zon yang sama; Sebagai contoh, keadaan cuaca di kepala lembah gunung, terus dari puncak, adalah lebih sejuk dan lebih teruk daripada di mulut lembah yang cenderung kurang teruk dan menerima salji kurang. <> Berapa banyak zon yang dipisahkan oleh Alps? || lima zon iklim <> Apa zon terendah di Alps dipanggil? || zona colline <> Di mana zon terendah di Alps ada? || antara 500 dan 1,000 m <> Di manakah zon montane bermula dari? || dari 800 hingga 1,700 m <> Di manakah zon sub-Alpine dari? || dari 1,600 hingga 2,400 m", {"qas": [{"question": "How many zones are the Alps split into?", "id": "56f8a7729b226e1400dd0d65", "answers": [{"text": "five climatic zones", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the lowest zone of the Alps called?", "id": "56f8a7729b226e1400dd0d66", "answers": [{"text": "colline zone", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the lowest zone of the Alps exist? ", "id": "56f8a7729b226e1400dd0d67", "answers": [{"text": "between 500 and 1,000 m", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the montane zone extend from?", "id": "56f8a7729b226e1400dd0d68", "answers": [{"text": "from 800 to 1,700 m", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the sub-Alpine zone extend from?", "id": "56f8a7729b226e1400dd0d69", "answers": [{"text": "from 1,600 to 2,400 m", "answer_start": 399}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Alps are split into five climatic zones, each with different vegetation. The climate, plant life and animal life vary among the different sections or zones of the mountains. The lowest zone is the colline zone, which exists between 500 and 1,000 m (1,640 and 3,281 ft), depending on the location. The montane zone extends from 800 to 1,700 m (2,625 to 5,577 ft), followed by the sub-Alpine zone from 1,600 to 2,400 m (5,249 to 7,874 ft). The Alpine zone, extending from tree line to snow line, is followed by the glacial zone, which covers the glaciated areas of the mountain. Climatic conditions show variances within the same zones; for example, weather conditions at the head of a mountain valley, extending directly from the peaks, are colder and more severe than those at the mouth of a valley which tend to be less severe and receive less snowfall."}], ["Beberapa spesies rama-rama dan serangga menunjukkan bukti telah menjadi asli di kawasan ini sejak dahulu lagi sebagai orogenetik Alpine. Di Emosson di Valais, Switzerland, trek dinosaur telah ditemui pada tahun 1970-an, mungkin dari Tempoh Triassic. <> Beberapa spesies rama-rama dan serangga menunjukkan bukti tentang apa? || telah menjadi asli di kawasan tersebut <> Berapa lama bukti menunjukkan rama-rama dan serangga telah menjadi asli? || the Alpine orogeny <> Di mana Emosson terletak? || Valais, Switzerland <> Bilakah trek dinosaur ditemui di Emosson? || tahun 1970-an", {"qas": [{"question": "Some species of moths and insects show evidence of what?", "id": "56f8b34f9b226e1400dd0e55", "answers": [{"text": "having been indigenous to the area", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long ago does the evidence show moths and insects to have been indigenous?", "id": "56f8b34f9b226e1400dd0e56", "answers": [{"text": "the Alpine orogeny", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Emosson located?", "id": "56f8b34f9b226e1400dd0e57", "answers": [{"text": "Valais, Switzerland", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were dinosaur tracks found in Emosson?", "id": "56f8b34f9b226e1400dd0e58", "answers": [{"text": "the 1970s", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some of the species of moths and insects show evidence of having been indigenous to the area from as long ago as the Alpine orogeny. In Emosson in Valais, Switzerland, dinosaur tracks were found in the 1970s, dating probably from the Triassic Period."}], ["Pada tahun 1991 mumia badan neolitik, yang dikenali sebagai \u00d6tzi the Iceman, ditemui oleh pejalan kaki di glasier Similaun. Pakaian dan gearnya menunjukkan bahawa dia tinggal di sebuah komuniti peternakan alpine, sementara lokasi dan cara kematiannya - anak panah ditemui di bahunya - menunjukkan bahawa dia sedang dalam perjalanan dari satu tempat ke tempat lain. Analisis DNA mitokondria dari \u00d6tzi, telah menunjukkan bahawa dia tergolong dalam subkeluar K1 yang tidak boleh dikategorikan ke dalam mana-mana tiga cawangan moden subkelab itu. Subkategori baru telah dipanggil K1\u00f6 untuk \u00d6tzi. <> Siapa Otzi si Iceman? || mumia badan neolitik <> Bilakah Otzi yang Iceman dijumpai? || Pada tahun 1991 <> Di manakah Otzi yang Iceman ditemui? || glasier Similaun", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was Otzi the Iceman?", "id": "56f8b4f09b226e1400dd0e7f", "answers": [{"text": "a mummy of a neolithic body", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Otzi the Iceman found?", "id": "56f8b4f09b226e1400dd0e80", "answers": [{"text": "In 1991", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Otzi the Iceman discovered?", "id": "56f8b4f09b226e1400dd0e81", "answers": [{"text": "the Similaun glacier", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1991 a mummy of a neolithic body, known as \u00d6tzi the Iceman, was discovered by hikers on the Similaun glacier. His clothing and gear indicate that he lived in an alpine farming community, while the location and manner of his death - an arrowhead was discovered in his shoulder - suggests he was travelling from one place to another. Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA of \u00d6tzi, has shown that he belongs to the K1 subclade which cannot be categorized into any of the three modern branches of that subclade. The new subclade has provisionally been named K1\u00f6 for \u00d6tzi."}], ["Semasa Perang Punic Kedua pada 218 SM, jeneral Carthaginian Hannibal mungkin melintasi Alpen dengan tentera berjumlah 38.000 infantri, 8.000 berkuda, dan 37 gajah perang. Ini adalah salah satu pencapaian yang paling dirasakan oleh mana-mana angkatan tentera dalam peperangan purba, walaupun tiada bukti wujud mengenai persimpangan sebenar atau tempat persimpangan. Walau bagaimanapun, orang-orang Rom telah membina jalan di sepanjang pas gunung, yang terus digunakan melalui zaman pertengahan untuk menyeberangi pergunungan dan penanda jalan Rom masih boleh didapati di pas gunung. <> Bilakah Perang Punic Kedua? || 218 SM <> Siapakah jeneral Carthaginian? || Hannibal <> Apa yang dibina oleh orang-orang Rom di sepanjang bukit gunung? || jalan <> Apa yang masih boleh didapati di pas gunung? || Penanda jalan raya Rom", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Second Punic War?", "id": "56f8b80d9b226e1400dd0eab", "answers": [{"text": "218 BC", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Carthaginian general?", "id": "56f8b80d9b226e1400dd0eac", "answers": [{"text": "Hannibal", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Romans build along the mountain passes?", "id": "56f8b80d9b226e1400dd0ead", "answers": [{"text": "roads", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can still be found on the mountain passes?", "id": "56f8b80d9b226e1400dd0eae", "answers": [{"text": "Roman road markers", "answer_start": 490}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the Second Punic War in 218 BC, the Carthaginian general Hannibal probably crossed the Alps with an army numbering 38,000 infantry, 8,000 cavalry, and 37 war elephants. This was one of the most celebrated achievements of any military force in ancient warfare, although no evidence exists of the actual crossing or the place of crossing. The Romans, however, had built roads along the mountain passes, which continued to be used through the medieval period to cross the mountains and Roman road markers can still be found on the mountain passes."}], ["Pengembangan Rom membawa kekalahan Allobrogi pada 121 SM dan semasa Perang Gallic pada 58 SM Julius Caesar mengalahkan Helvetii. The Rhaisians terus menentang tetapi akhirnya ditaklukkan ketika orang Roma berpaling ke utara ke lembah Danube di Austria dan mengalahkan Brigantes. Penduduk Roma membina penempatan di Alps; bandar-bandar seperti Aosta (bernama untuk Augustus) di Itali, Martigny dan Lausanne di Switzerland, dan Partenkirchen di Bavaria menunjukkan tenggelam mandi, villa, arena dan kuil Rom. Kebanyakan kawasan Alpine secara beransur-ansur diselesaikan oleh puak-puak Jerman, (Lombards, Alemanni, Bavarii, dan Franks) dari abad ke-6 hingga ke-13 yang bercampur dengan suku-suku Celtic tempatan. <> Apa yang menyebabkan kekalahan Allobrogi itu? || Perkembangan Rom <> Bilakah Allobrogi dikalahkan? || di 121 SM <> Kapan Julius Caesar mengatasi Helvetii? || 58 SM <> Apa puak yang menetap di rantau Alpine? || Suku Jerman", {"qas": [{"question": "What brought the defeat of the Allobrogi?", "id": "56f8b8a89e9bad19000a03a7", "answers": [{"text": "The Roman expansion", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the Allobrogi defeated?", "id": "56f8b8a89e9bad19000a03a8", "answers": [{"text": "in 121 BC", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Julius Caesar overcome the Helvetii?", "id": "56f8b8a89e9bad19000a03a9", "answers": [{"text": "58 BC", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What tribes settled much of the Alpine region?", "id": "56f8b8a89e9bad19000a03aa", "answers": [{"text": "Germanic tribes", "answer_start": 564}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Roman expansion brought the defeat of the Allobrogi in 121 BC and during the Gallic Wars in 58 BC Julius Caesar overcame the Helvetii. The Rhaetians continued to resist but were eventually conquered when the Romans turned northward to the Danube valley in Austria and defeated the Brigantes. The Romans built settlements in the Alps; towns such as Aosta (named for Augustus) in Italy, Martigny and Lausanne in Switzerland, and Partenkirchen in Bavaria show remains of Roman baths, villas, arenas and temples. Much of the Alpine region was gradually settled by Germanic tribes, (Lombards, Alemanni, Bavarii, and Franks) from the 6th to the 13th centuries mixing with the local Celtic tribes."}], ["Reptilia seperti penambah dan ular hidup sehingga salji salju; kerana mereka tidak tahan suhu sejuk mereka hibernate bawah tanah dan menyerap kehangatan di ledges berbatu. Ketinggian tinggi Alpine salamanders telah disesuaikan untuk hidup di atas garis salji dengan melahirkan anak muda yang sepenuhnya maju daripada meletakkan telur. Trout coklat boleh ditemui di aliran sehingga salji salji. Moluska seperti siput kayu hidup di salun salji. Dikumpulkan secara mendadak sebagai makanan, siput kini dilindungi. <> Mengapa reptilia hanya hidup sehingga salji salji? || mereka tidak dapat menanggung suhu sejuk <> Apakah reptilia yang berlaku kerana mereka tidak tahan suhu sejuk? || mereka hibernate bawah tanah <> Bagaimana salamander Alpine disesuaikan dengan hidup di atas garis salji? || dengan melahirkan anak muda yang matang dan bukannya meletakkan telur <> Apa yang terdapat dalam aliran sehingga salji salji? || Trout coklat", {"qas": [{"question": "Why do reptiles only live up to the snow line?", "id": "56f8b1949e9bad19000a0339", "answers": [{"text": "they cannot bear the cold temperatures", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do reptiles due since they cannot bear the cold temperatures?", "id": "56f8b1949e9bad19000a033a", "answers": [{"text": "they hibernate underground", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How have the Alpine salamanders adapted to living above the snow line?", "id": "56f8b1949e9bad19000a033b", "answers": [{"text": "by giving birth to fully developed young rather than laying eggs", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can be found in the streams up to the snow line?", "id": "56f8b1949e9bad19000a033c", "answers": [{"text": "Brown trout", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Reptiles such as adders and vipers live up to the snow line; because they cannot bear the cold temperatures they hibernate underground and soak up the warmth on rocky ledges. The high-altitude Alpine salamanders have adapted to living above the snow line by giving birth to fully developed young rather than laying eggs. Brown trout can be found in the streams up to the snow line. Molluscs such as the wood snail live up the snow line. Popularly gathered as food, the snails are now protected."}], ["Suku Celtic menetap di Switzerland antara 1000 hingga 1500 SM. Orang Rais tinggal di kawasan timur, sementara barat diduduki oleh Helvetii dan Allobrogi menetap di lembah Rhone dan di Savoy. Di antara banyak bahan suku Celtic yang ditambang adalah garam di kawasan-kawasan seperti Salzburg di Austria di mana bukti budaya Hallstatt ditemui oleh pengurus tambang pada abad ke-19. Menjelang abad ke-6 SM budaya La T\u00e8ne telah mapan di rantau ini, dan menjadi terkenal dengan senjata dan perhiasan yang dihiasi dengan bermutu tinggi. Orang-orang Celt adalah yang paling meluas dari suku gunung-mereka mempunyai pahlawan yang kuat, tinggi dan adil berkulit berkulit keras dengan senjata besi, yang memberi mereka kelebihan dalam peperangan. <> Bilakah suku Celtic menetap di Switzerland? || antara 1000 hingga 1500 SM <> Orang Rais tinggal di rantau apa? || kawasan timur <> The Helvetii menduduki kawasan mana? || barat <> Apa yang saya minati suku Celtic? || garam <> Yang manakah yang paling luas dari suku gunung? || The Celtics", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Celtic tribes settle in Switzerland? ", "id": "56f8b7519b226e1400dd0ea1", "answers": [{"text": "between 1000 to 1500 BC", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Raetians lived in what region?", "id": "56f8b7519b226e1400dd0ea2", "answers": [{"text": "the eastern regions", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Helvetii occupied which region?", "id": "56f8b7519b226e1400dd0ea3", "answers": [{"text": "the west", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Celtic tribes mine?", "id": "56f8b7519b226e1400dd0ea4", "answers": [{"text": "salt", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which were the most widespread of the mountain tribes?", "id": "56f8b7519b226e1400dd0ea5", "answers": [{"text": "The Celts", "answer_start": 533}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Celtic tribes settled in Switzerland between 1000 to 1500 BC. The Raetians lived in the eastern regions, while the west was occupied by the Helvetii and the Allobrogi settled in the Rhone valley and in Savoy. Among the many substances Celtic tribes mined was salt in areas such as Salzburg in Austria where evidence of the Hallstatt culture was found by a mine manager in the 19th century. By the 6th century BC the La T\u00e8ne culture was well established in the region, and became known for high quality decorated weapons and jewelry. The Celts were the most widespread of the mountain tribes\u2014they had warriors that were strong, tall and fair skinned skilled with iron weapons, which gave them an advantage in warfare."}], ["Sekitar 10,000 tahun yang lalu, apabila ais cair selepas tempoh glasier terakhir, masyarakat Paleolitik lewat telah ditubuhkan di sepanjang pantai tasik dan di dalam sistem gua. Bukti kediaman manusia telah dijumpai di gua-gua berhampiran Vercors, berhampiran dengan Grenoble; di Austria budaya Mondsee menunjukkan bukti rumah yang dibina di atas buasir agar ia kering. Batu-batu berdiri telah ditemui di kawasan Alpine di Perancis dan Itali. Lukisan batu di Valcamonica lebih daripada 5000 tahun; lebih daripada 200,000 lukisan dan etchings telah dikenal pasti di laman web ini. <> Bilakah masyarakat Paleolitik lewat ditubuhkan di sepanjang tasik? || Lebih kurang 10,000 tahun yang lalu <> Apa yang terdapat dalam gua berhampiran Vercors? || Bukti kediaman manusia <> Mengapa rumah dibina di atas buasir? || untuk memastikan mereka kering <> Apa yang terdapat di kawasan Alpine di Perancis dan Itali? || Batu berdiri <> Berapa lamakah lukisan batu di Valcamonica? || lebih daripada 5000 tahun", {"qas": [{"question": "When were late Paleolithic communities established along the lake shores?", "id": "56f8b42f9e9bad19000a0369", "answers": [{"text": "About 10,000 years ago", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has been found in caves near Vercors?", "id": "56f8b42f9e9bad19000a036a", "answers": [{"text": "Evidence of human habitation", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why were houses built on piles?", "id": "56f8b42f9e9bad19000a036b", "answers": [{"text": "to keep them dry", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What have been found in Alpine areas of France and Italy?", "id": "56f8b42f9e9bad19000a036c", "answers": [{"text": "Standing stones", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old are rock drawings in Valcamonica?", "id": "56f8b42f9e9bad19000a036d", "answers": [{"text": "more than 5000 years old", "answer_start": 445}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "About 10,000 years ago, when the ice melted after the last glacial period, late Paleolithic communities were established along the lake shores and in cave systems. Evidence of human habitation has been found in caves near Vercors, close to Grenoble; in Austria the Mondsee culture shows evidence of houses built on piles to keep them dry. Standing stones have been found in Alpine areas of France and Italy. The rock drawings in Valcamonica are more than 5000 years old; more than 200,000 drawings and etchings have been identified at the site."}], ["Sejumlah spesies rama-rama tinggal di Alps, yang sebahagiannya dipercayai telah berkembang di habitat yang sama sehingga 120 juta tahun yang lalu, jauh sebelum Alpen diciptakan. Rama-rama biru biasanya boleh dilihat meminum dari salji yang mencair; beberapa spesies rama biru terbang setinggi 1,800 m (5,906 kaki). Rama-rama cenderung menjadi besar, seperti yang berasal dari keluarga Parnassius yang menelan, dengan habitat yang berkisar 1,800 m (5,906 kaki). Dua belas spesies kumbang mempunyai habitat sehingga salji salju; yang paling cantik dan dahulunya dikumpulkan untuk warna tetapi kini dilindungi Rosalia alpina. Labah-labah, seperti labah-labah serigala yang besar, hidup di atas garis salji dan boleh dilihat setinggi 400 m (1,312 kaki). Kalajengking boleh ditemui di Alps Itali. <> Berapa lama ada beberapa spesies rama-rama yang dipercayai telah berkembang dari habitat yang sama? || 120 juta tahun <> Apa yang boleh dilihat secara umum daripada meminum salji? || Rama-rama biru <> Keluarga burung Parnassius dari habitat rama-rama berkisar antara berapa banyak? || 1,800 m (5,906 ft) <> Apakah spesies kumbang yang dikumpulkan untuk warna mereka sebelum dilindungi? || Rosalia alpina", {"qas": [{"question": "How long have some species of moths believed to have evolved from the same habitat?", "id": "56f8b2ab9e9bad19000a0351", "answers": [{"text": "120 million years", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can be commonly seen drinking from the snow melt?", "id": "56f8b2ab9e9bad19000a0352", "answers": [{"text": "Blue moths", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The swallowtail Parnassius family of butterfly habitat ranges up to how much?", "id": "56f8b2ab9e9bad19000a0353", "answers": [{"text": "1,800 m (5,906 ft)", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What species of beetles are were collected for their colors before being protected?", "id": "56f8b2ab9e9bad19000a0354", "answers": [{"text": "Rosalia alpina", "answer_start": 579}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A number of species of moths live in the Alps, some of which are believed to have evolved in the same habitat up to 120 million years ago, long before the Alps were created. Blue moths can commonly be seen drinking from the snow melt; some species of blue moths fly as high as 1,800 m (5,906 ft). The butterflies tend to be large, such as those from the swallowtail Parnassius family, with a habitat that ranges to 1,800 m (5,906 ft). Twelve species of beetles have habitats up to the snow line; the most beautiful and formerly collected for its colours but now protected is the Rosalia alpina. Spiders, such as the large wolf spider, live above the snow line and can be seen as high as 400 m (1,312 ft). Scorpions can be found in the Italian Alps."}], ["Mamalia terbesar untuk hidup di ketinggian tertinggi adalah alpine ibex, yang telah dilihat setinggi 3,000 m (9,843 kaki). Burung betina hidup di gua dan turun untuk memakan rumput alpine yang kenyal. Diklasifikasikan sebagai antelop, chamois lebih kecil daripada ibex dan ditemui di seluruh Alpen, yang tinggal di atas garis pokok dan biasa di seluruh kawasan alpine. Kawasan di Alps timur masih menjadi rumah kepada coklat beruang. Di Switzerland canton Bern dinamakan untuk beruang tetapi beruang terakhir dicatat sebagai telah dibunuh pada tahun 1792 di atas Kleine Scheidegg oleh tiga pemburu dari Grindelwald. <> Apakah mamalia terbesar untuk hidup di ketinggian tertinggi? || alpine ibex <> Berapa tinggi mempunyai Alpine Ibex yang dilihat? || setinggi 3,000 m (9,843 kaki) <> Di manakah ibex hidup? || di dalam gua <> Apa haiwan yang tinggal di Alps dikelaskan sebagai antelop? || chamois <> Berapa tahun beruang coklat terakhir yang telah dibunuh? || 1792", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the largest mammal to live in the highest altitudes?", "id": "56f8afb99e9bad19000a0313", "answers": [{"text": "alpine ibex", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How high have the Alpine Ibex been sighted?", "id": "56f8afb99e9bad19000a0314", "answers": [{"text": "as high as 3,000 m (9,843 ft)", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do the ibex live?", "id": "56f8afb99e9bad19000a0315", "answers": [{"text": "in caves", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What animal that live in the Alps are classified as antelopes?", "id": "56f8afb99e9bad19000a0316", "answers": [{"text": "chamois", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the last brown bear recorded to have been killed?", "id": "56f8afb99e9bad19000a0317", "answers": [{"text": "1792", "answer_start": 526}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The largest mammal to live in the highest altitudes are the alpine ibex, which have been sighted as high as 3,000 m (9,843 ft). The ibex live in caves and descend to eat the succulent alpine grasses. Classified as antelopes, chamois are smaller than ibex and found throughout the Alps, living above the tree line and are common in the entire alpine range. Areas of the eastern Alps are still home to brown bears. In Switzerland the canton of Bern was named for the bears but the last bear is recorded as having been killed in 1792 above Kleine Scheidegg by three hunters from Grindelwald."}], ["Banyak tikus seperti ayam hidup di bawah tanah. Marmot hidup hampir secara eksklusif di atas garis pokok setinggi 2,700 m (8,858 kaki). Mereka hibernasi dalam kumpulan besar untuk memberikan kehangatan, dan boleh didapati di semua kawasan di Alps, di koloni-koloni besar yang mereka bina di bawah padang rumput alpine. Burung elang emas dan burung gagak yang berjanggut adalah burung terbesar yang dapat ditemui di Alps; mereka bersarang tinggi di puncak bukit dan boleh didapati di ketinggian 2,400 m (7,874 kaki). Burung yang paling biasa adalah chine alpine yang dapat dijumpai di tempat pemanjat atau di Jungfraujoch, destinasi pelancongan ketinggian yang tinggi. <> Di manakah banyak tikus hidup? || bawah tanah <> Di manakah Marmots hidup? || hampir secara eksklusif di atas garis pokok setinggi 2,700 m (8,858 kaki) <> Di manakah marmot membina koloni mereka? || di bawah padang rumput alpine <> Apakah burung paling biasa yang terdapat di Alps? || chine alpine", {"qas": [{"question": "Where do many rodents live?", "id": "56f8b0ae9b226e1400dd0e0f", "answers": [{"text": "underground", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do Marmots live?", "id": "56f8b0ae9b226e1400dd0e10", "answers": [{"text": "almost exclusively above the tree line as high as 2,700 m (8,858 ft)", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do marmots build their colonies?", "id": "56f8b0ae9b226e1400dd0e11", "answers": [{"text": "beneath the alpine pastures", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the most common bird found in the Alps?", "id": "56f8b0ae9b226e1400dd0e12", "answers": [{"text": "the alpine chough", "answer_start": 469}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many rodents such as voles live underground. Marmots live almost exclusively above the tree line as high as 2,700 m (8,858 ft). They hibernate in large groups to provide warmth, and can be found in all areas of the Alps, in large colonies they build beneath the alpine pastures. Golden eagles and bearded vultures are the largest birds to be found in the Alps; they nest high on rocky ledges and can be found at altitudes of 2,400 m (7,874 ft). The most common bird is the alpine chough which can be found scavenging at climber's huts or at the Jungfraujoch, a high altitude tourist destination."}], ["Semasa Perang Napoleon pada abad ke-18 dan awal abad ke-19, wilayah Napoleon yang dilampirkan dahulu dikawal oleh Habsburgs dan Savoys. Pada tahun 1798, beliau menubuhkan Republik Helvetic di Switzerland; dua tahun kemudian dia mengetuai tentera melintasi lintasan St. Bernard dan menakluki hampir semua kawasan Alpine. <> Perang apa yang berlaku pada akhir abad ke-18 dan awal abad ke-19? || Perang Napoleon <> Yang mengadap wilayah bekas yang dikawal oleh Habsburgs dan Savoys? || Napoleon <> Bilakah Republik Helvetik ditubuhkan? || 1798 <> Di mana Republik Helvetic ditubuhkan? || Switzerland", {"qas": [{"question": "What wars took place during the late 18th century and early 19th century?", "id": "56f8bec89b226e1400dd0f13", "answers": [{"text": "the Napoleonic Wars", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who annexed territory formerly controlled by the Habsburgs and Savoys?", "id": "56f8bec89b226e1400dd0f14", "answers": [{"text": "Napoleon", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Helvetic Republic established?", "id": "56f8bec89b226e1400dd0f15", "answers": [{"text": "1798", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Helvetic Republic established?", "id": "56f8bec89b226e1400dd0f16", "answers": [{"text": "Switzerland", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the Napoleonic Wars in the late 18th century and early 19th century, Napoleon annexed territory formerly controlled by the Habsburgs and Savoys. In 1798 he established the Helvetic Republic in Switzerland; two years later he led an army across the St. Bernard pass and conquered almost all of the Alpine regions."}], ["Pada tahun 1816 Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley dan isterinya Mary Shelley melawat Geneva dan ketiga-tiga itu diilhamkan oleh pemandangan dalam tulisan mereka. Semasa lawatan ini, Shelley menulis puisi \"Mont Blanc\", Byron menulis \"The Prisoner of Chillon\" dan puisi dramatik Manfred, dan Mary Shelley, yang menemui pemandangan luar biasa, menyusun idea Frankenstein novel di vila beliau di tepi pantai Tasik Geneva di tengah-tengah ribut petir. Apabila Coleridge mengembara ke Chamonix, dia menafikan, yang menyangkal Shelley, yang telah menandatangani dirinya \"Atheos\" dalam buku tamu Hotel de Londres berhampiran Montenvers, \"Siapa yang boleh menjadi ateis di lembah keajaiban ini\". Menjelang pertengahan abad ke-19 saintis mula datang secara beramai-ramai untuk mempelajari geologi dan ekologi rantau ini. <> Percy dan Mary Shelley diilhamkan oleh pemandangan kawasan apa? || Geneva <> Apakah puisi yang ditulis Shelley semasa lawatan ke Geneva? || Mont Blanc <> Bilakah ahli-ahli sains mula datang secara beramai-ramai untuk mengkaji geologi dan ekologi rantau Alpine? || pertengahan abad ke-19", {"qas": [{"question": "Percy and Mary Shelley were inspired by what region's scenery?", "id": "56f8c6c89b226e1400dd0f9f", "answers": [{"text": "Geneva", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What poem did Shelley write during the visits to Geneva?", "id": "56f8c6c89b226e1400dd0fa0", "answers": [{"text": "Mont Blanc", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did scientists began to arrive en masse to study the geology and ecology of the Alpine region?", "id": "56f8c6c89b226e1400dd0fa1", "answers": [{"text": "the mid-19th century", "answer_start": 675}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1816 Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley and his wife Mary Shelley visited Geneva and all three were inspired by the scenery in their writings. During these visits Shelley wrote the poem \"Mont Blanc\", Byron wrote \"The Prisoner of Chillon\" and the dramatic poem Manfred, and Mary Shelley, who found the scenery overwhelming, conceived the idea for the novel Frankenstein in her villa on the shores of Lake Geneva in the midst of a thunderstorm. When Coleridge travelled to Chamonix, he declaimed, in defiance of Shelley, who had signed himself \"Atheos\" in the guestbook of the Hotel de Londres near Montenvers, \"Who would be, who could be an atheist in this valley of wonders\". By the mid-19th century scientists began to arrive en masse to study the geology and ecology of the region."}], ["Conrad Gessner adalah naturalis pertama yang mendaki gunung pada abad ke-16, untuk mengkaji mereka, menulis bahawa di gunung-gunung dia mendapati \"teater Tuhan\". Menjelang abad ke-19, lebih banyak naturalis mula datang untuk meneroka, mengkaji dan menaklukkan puncak yang tinggi; mereka diikuti oleh artis, penulis dan pelukis. Dua orang yang pertama kali menjelajah kawasan ais dan salji adalah Horace-B\u00e9n\u00e9dict de Saussure (1740-1799) di Alpine Alpine, dan sami Benedictine dari Disentis Placidus sebuah Spescha (1752-1833). Dilahirkan di Geneva, Saussure terpikat dengan gunung sejak usia muda; dia meninggalkan kerjaya undang-undang untuk menjadi seorang naturalis dan menghabiskan banyak tahun mengembara melalui Bernese Oberland, Savoy, Piedmont dan Valais, mengkaji glasier dan geologi, ketika ia menjadi penyokong awal teori pergolakan batu. Saussure, pada tahun 1787, adalah ahli pendakian ketiga Mont Blanc-hari ini puncak semua puncak telah dinaikkan. <> Siapa yang menjadi naturalis pertama untuk naik gunung? || Conrad Gessner <> Di mana lahirnya Horace-Benedict de Saussure? || Geneva <> Siapa ahli pendakian ketiga Mont Blanc? || Saussure", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the first naturalist to ascend the mountains?", "id": "56f8c57f9e9bad19000a0474", "answers": [{"text": "Conrad Gessner", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Horace-Benedict de Saussure born?", "id": "56f8c57f9e9bad19000a0475", "answers": [{"text": "Geneva", "answer_start": 516}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was a member of the third ascent of Mont Blanc?", "id": "56f8c57f9e9bad19000a0476", "answers": [{"text": "Saussure", "answer_start": 827}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Conrad Gessner was the first naturalist to ascend the mountains in the 16th century, to study them, writing that in the mountains he found the \"theatre of the Lord\". By the 19th century more naturalists began to arrive to explore, study and conquer the high peaks; they were followed by artists, writers and painters. Two men who first explored the regions of ice and snow were Horace-B\u00e9n\u00e9dict de Saussure (1740\u20131799) in the Pennine Alps, and the Benedictine monk of Disentis Placidus a Spescha (1752\u20131833). Born in Geneva, Saussure was enamored with the mountains from an early age; he left a law career to become a naturalist and spent many years trekking through the Bernese Oberland, the Savoy, the Piedmont and Valais, studying the glaciers and the geology, as he became an early proponent of the theory of rock upheaval. Saussure, in 1787, was a member of the third ascent of Mont Blanc\u2014today the summits of all the peaks have been climbed."}], ["Kebanyakan tempoh zaman pertengahan adalah masa perjuangan kuasa antara dinasti bersaing seperti House of Savoy, Visconti di utara Itali dan House of Habsburg di Austria dan Slovenia. Pada tahun 1291 untuk melindungi diri mereka daripada serangan Habsburg, empat kanton di tengah-tengah Switzerland menyusun piagam yang dianggap sebagai pengisytiharan kemerdekaan dari kerajaan jiran. Selepas beberapa siri pertempuran yang berlaku pada abad ke-13, ke-14 dan ke-15, lebih banyak canton bergabung dengan persekutuan dan pada abad ke-16 Switzerland ditubuhkan sebagai negara yang berasingan. <> Sebahagian besar zaman pertengahan adalah masa untuk apa? || perjuangan kuasa <> Di manakah Visconti dari? || utara Itali <> Apa dynastie berasal dari Austria dan Slovenia? || House of Habsburg <> Apa Negara adalah negeri yang terpisah dengan abad ke-16? || Switzerland", {"qas": [{"question": "Much of the medieval period was a time of what?", "id": "56f8be559b226e1400dd0f01", "answers": [{"text": "power struggles", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the Visconti from?", "id": "56f8be559b226e1400dd0f02", "answers": [{"text": "northern Italy", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What dynastie was from Austria and Slovenia?", "id": "56f8be559b226e1400dd0f03", "answers": [{"text": "the House of Habsburg", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Country was a well-established separate state by the 16th century?", "id": "56f8be559b226e1400dd0f04", "answers": [{"text": "Switzerland", "answer_start": 533}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Much of the medieval period was a time of power struggles between competing dynasties such as the House of Savoy, the Visconti in northern Italy and the House of Habsburg in Austria and Slovenia. In 1291 to protect themselves from incursions by the Habsburgs, four cantons in the middle of Switzerland drew up a charter that is considered to be a declaration of independence from neighboring kingdoms. After a series of battles fought in the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries, more cantons joined the confederacy and by the 16th century Switzerland was well-established as a separate state."}], ["Pada abad ke-19, biara-biara yang dibina di Alps yang tinggi semasa zaman pertengahan untuk pelawat-pelindung dan sebagai tempat ziarah, menjadi destinasi pelancongan. The Benedictines telah membina biara di Lucerne, Switzerland, dan Oberammergau; Cistercians di Tyrol dan di Lake Constance; dan Augustinians mempunyai biara di Savoy dan satu di tengah Interlaken, Switzerland. The Great St Bernard Hospice, yang dibina pada abad ke-9 atau ke-10, di puncak Great Saint Bernard Pass adalah perlindungan untuk pelancong dan tempat untuk jemaah haji sejak penubuhannya; menjelang abad ke-19 ia menjadi tarikan pelancong dengan pelawat terkenal seperti pengarang Charles Dickens dan pendaki gunung Edward Whymper. <> Apa yang menjadi destinasi pelancongan pada abad ke-19? || biara-biara yang dibina di Alps tinggi <> yang membina biara di Lucerne, Switzerland dan Oberammergau? || The Benedictines <> Siapa yang mempunyai biara dalam Savor dan satu di tengah Interlaken? || Augustinians <> Bilakah Hospice St. Bernard Besar dibina? || abad ke-9 atau ke-10", {"qas": [{"question": "What became tourist destinations during the 19th century?", "id": "56f8c1a09b226e1400dd0f3d", "answers": [{"text": "the monasteries built in the high Alps", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who built monasteries in Lucerne, Switzerland and Oberammergau?", "id": "56f8c1a09b226e1400dd0f3e", "answers": [{"text": "The Benedictines", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who had abbeys in the Savor and one in the center of Interlaken?", "id": "56f8c1a09b226e1400dd0f3f", "answers": [{"text": "the Augustinians", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Great St. Bernard Hospice built?", "id": "56f8c1a09b226e1400dd0f40", "answers": [{"text": "the 9th or 10th centuries", "answer_start": 434}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 19th century, the monasteries built in the high Alps during the medieval period to shelter travelers and as places of pilgrimage, became tourist destinations. The Benedictines had built monasteries in Lucerne, Switzerland, and Oberammergau; the Cistercians in the Tyrol and at Lake Constance; and the Augustinians had abbeys in the Savoy and one in the center of Interlaken, Switzerland. The Great St Bernard Hospice, built in the 9th or 10th centuries, at the summit of the Great Saint Bernard Pass was shelter for travelers and place for pilgrims since its inception; by the 19th century it became a tourist attraction with notable visitors such as author Charles Dickens and mountaineer Edward Whymper."}], ["Radiocarbon bertarikh arang yang diletakkan sekitar 50,000 tahun yang lalu ditemui di gua Drachloch (Dragon's Hole) di atas kampung Vattis di canton St. Gallen, membuktikan bahawa puncak tinggi dikunjungi oleh orang prasejarah. Tujuh tengkorak beruang dari gua mungkin telah dikebumikan oleh orang prasejarah yang sama. Puncaknya, bagaimanapun, kebanyakannya diabaikan kecuali beberapa contoh yang ketara, dan lama ditinggalkan untuk perhatian eksklusif orang-orang lembah yang bersebelahan. Puncak gunung dilihat sebagai menakutkan, tempat nyawa dan setan, sehingga orang menutup mata mereka untuk melewati laluan Alpen. Gletser kekal misteri dan ramai yang masih percaya kawasan tertinggi yang akan dihuni oleh naga. <> Berapa tua arang yang diletakkan di dalam gua Drachloch? || 50,000 tahun <> Apa penemuan arang di Lubang Naga membuktikan? || puncak tertinggi dikunjungi oleh orang prasejarah <> Apa yang mungkin telah dikebumikan oleh orang prasejarah yang sama? || Tujuh tengkorak beruang <> Orang menutup mata untuk menyeberang? || Laluan Alpine", {"qas": [{"question": "How old was the charcoal placed in the Drachloch cave?", "id": "56f8c3ce9b226e1400dd0f4f", "answers": [{"text": "50,000 years", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the finding of charcoal in Dragon's Hole prove?", "id": "56f8c3ce9b226e1400dd0f50", "answers": [{"text": "the high peaks were visited by prehistoric people", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What may have been buried by the same prehistoric people?", "id": "56f8c3ce9b226e1400dd0f51", "answers": [{"text": "Seven bear skulls", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "People blindfolded themselves to cross what?", "id": "56f8c3ce9b226e1400dd0f52", "answers": [{"text": "Alpine passes", "answer_start": 606}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Radiocarbon dated charcoal placed around 50,000 years ago was found in the Drachloch (Dragon's Hole) cave above the village of Vattis in the canton of St. Gallen, proving that the high peaks were visited by prehistoric people. Seven bear skulls from the cave may have been buried by the same prehistoric people. The peaks, however, were mostly ignored except for a few notable examples, and long left to the exclusive attention of the people of the adjoining valleys. The mountain peaks were seen as terrifying, the abode of dragons and demons, to the point that people blindfolded themselves to cross the Alpine passes. The glaciers remained a mystery and many still believed the highest areas to be inhabited by dragons."}], ["Kekristenan didirikan di rantau ini oleh orang-orang Rom, dan melihat penubuhan biara dan gereja di kawasan tinggi. Pembesaran Empayar Carolingian dan pengembangan Bavaria di Alps timur memperkenalkan feudalisme dan bangunan istana untuk menyokong peningkatan jumlah mahkota dan kerajaan. Castello del Buonconsiglio di Trento, Itali, masih mempunyai lukisan yang rumit, contoh seni Gothic yang sangat baik, di dalam bilik menara. Di Switzerland, Ch\u00e2teau de Chillon dipelihara sebagai contoh seni bina zaman pertengahan. <> Siapa yang menubuhkan agama Kristian di rantau ini? || Roma <> Apa perkembangan perluasan Frank dan pengembangan Bavaria? || feudalisme <> Kawasan apa yang masih mempunyai lukisan yang rumit? || Castello del Buonconsiglio di Trento, Itali <> Apa yang dipelihara sebagai contoh seni bina zaman pertengahan? || Ch\u00e2teau de Chillon", {"qas": [{"question": "Who established Christianity in the region?", "id": "56f8bbf89b226e1400dd0ed1", "answers": [{"text": "Romans", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Frankish expansion and the Bavarian expansion introduce?", "id": "56f8bbf89b226e1400dd0ed2", "answers": [{"text": "feudalism", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What area still has intricate frescoes?", "id": "56f8bbf89b226e1400dd0ed3", "answers": [{"text": "Castello del Buonconsiglio in Trento, Italy", "answer_start": 334}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is preserved as an example of medieval architecture?", "id": "56f8bbf89b226e1400dd0ed4", "answers": [{"text": "Ch\u00e2teau de Chillon", "answer_start": 476}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Christianity was established in the region by the Romans, and saw the establishment of monasteries and churches in the high regions. The Frankish expansion of the Carolingian Empire and the Bavarian expansion in the eastern Alps introduced feudalism and the building of castles to support the growing number of dukedoms and kingdoms. Castello del Buonconsiglio in Trento, Italy, still has intricate frescoes, excellent examples of Gothic art, in a tower room. In Switzerland, Ch\u00e2teau de Chillon is preserved as an example of medieval architecture."}], ["Charles VII dari Perancis mengarahkan chamberlainnya untuk memanjat Mont Aiguille pada tahun 1356. Kesatria itu mencapai puncak Rocciamelone di mana dia meninggalkan triptych gangsa tiga salib, suatu prestasi yang dilakukannya dengan menggunakan tangga untuk melintasi ais. Pada tahun 1492 Antoine de Ville mendaki Mont Aiguille, tanpa sampai ke puncak, satu pengalaman yang beliau nyatakan sebagai \"mengerikan dan mengerikan.\" Leonardo da Vinci terpesona oleh variasi cahaya di ketinggian yang lebih tinggi, dan memanjat sarjana gunung tidak pasti yang mana satu; sesetengah percaya ia mungkin telah Monte Rosa. Dari perihalan langit biru seperti \"langit\", dia berpendapat bahawa dia mencapai ketinggian yang sangat tinggi. Pada abad ke-18, empat lelaki Chamonix hampir membuat puncak Mont Blanc tetapi diatasi oleh penyakit ketinggian dan kekalahan salji. <> Di mana Charles VII dari? || Perancis <> Apa yang diperintahkan Charles chamberlain lakukan? || mendaki Mont Aiguille <> Apa yang pergi ksatria di puncak Rocciamelone? || satu gangsa gangsa tiga salib <> Bilakah Antioine de Ville memanjat Mont Aiguille? || 1492 <> Bilakah empat lelaki Chamonix hampir sampai ke puncak Mont Blanc? || abad ke 18", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was Charles VII from?", "id": "56f8c4d09b226e1400dd0f71", "answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Charles VII chamberlain ordered to do?", "id": "56f8c4d09b226e1400dd0f72", "answers": [{"text": "climb Mont Aiguille", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the knight leave at the summit of Rocciamelone?", "id": "56f8c4d09b226e1400dd0f73", "answers": [{"text": "a bronze triptych of three crosses", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Antioine de Ville climb Mont Aiguille?", "id": "56f8c4d09b226e1400dd0f74", "answers": [{"text": "1492", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did four Chamonix men almost reach the summit of Mont Blanc?", "id": "56f8c4d09b226e1400dd0f75", "answers": [{"text": "18th century", "answer_start": 689}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Charles VII of France ordered his chamberlain to climb Mont Aiguille in 1356. The knight reached the summit of Rocciamelone where he left a bronze triptych of three crosses, a feat which he conducted with the use of ladders to traverse the ice. In 1492 Antoine de Ville climbed Mont Aiguille, without reaching the summit, an experience he described as \"horrifying and terrifying.\" Leonardo da Vinci was fascinated by variations of light in the higher altitudes, and climbed a mountain\u2014scholars are uncertain which one; some believe it may have been Monte Rosa. From his description of a \"blue like that of a gentian\" sky it is thought that he reached a significantly high altitude. In the 18th century four Chamonix man almost made the summit of Mont Blanc but were overcome by altitude sickness and snowblindness."}], ["Jean-Jacques Rousseau adalah orang pertama yang mempersembahkan Alps sebagai tempat daya tarikan dan keindahan, menghilangkan konsepsi gunung-ganang yang lazim sebagai tanah kosong yang dihuni oleh syaitan-syaitan. Konsep Rousseau tentang kesucian alpine kemudiannya ditekankan dengan penerbitan puisi Albrecht von Haller Die Alpen yang menggambarkan pergunungan sebagai kesucian mitos. Lewat abad ke-18 gelombang Romantika pertama seperti Goethe dan Turner datang untuk mengagumi pemandangan; Wordsworth melawat kawasan tersebut pada tahun 1790, menulis pengalamannya dalam The Prelude. Schiller kemudian menulis play William Tell menceritakan kemerdekaan Switzerland. Selepas berakhirnya Perang Napoleon, negara-negara Alpine mula melihat kemasukan para penyair, artis, dan pemuzik, kerana pelawat datang untuk mengalami kesan hebat sifat monumental. <> Siapakah orang pertama yang mempersembahkan Alpen sebagai tempat daya tarikan dan kecantikan? || Jean-Jacques Rousseau <> Siapa yang menulis puisi Die Alpen? || Albrecht von Haller <> Bilakah negara-negara Alpine melihat peningkatan penyair, artis, dan pemuzik? || Selepas berakhirnya Perang Napoleon <> Apa pelawat datang ke negara-negara Alpine? || kesan hebat sifat monumental", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the first of many to present the Alps as a place of allure and beauty?", "id": "56f8c60f9e9bad19000a0484", "answers": [{"text": "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the poem Die Alpen?", "id": "56f8c60f9e9bad19000a0485", "answers": [{"text": "Albrecht von Haller", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Alpine countries see an influx of poets, artists, and musicians?", "id": "56f8c60f9e9bad19000a0486", "answers": [{"text": "After the end of the Napoleonic Wars", "answer_start": 638}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the visitors come to experience in the Alpine countries?", "id": "56f8c60f9e9bad19000a0487", "answers": [{"text": "the sublime effects of monumental nature", "answer_start": 785}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Jean-Jacques Rousseau was the first of many to present the Alps as a place of allure and beauty, banishing the prevalent conception of the mountains as a hellish wasteland inhabited by demons. Rousseau's conception of alpine purity was later emphasized with the publication of Albrecht von Haller's poem Die Alpen that described the mountains as an area of mythical purity. Late in the 18th century the first wave of Romantics such as Goethe and Turner came to admire the scenery; Wordsworth visited the area in 1790, writing of his experiences in The Prelude. Schiller later wrote the play William Tell romanticising Swiss independence. After the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Alpine countries began to see an influx of poets, artists, and musicians, as visitors came to experience the sublime effects of monumental nature."}], ["Selepas kejatuhan Napol\u00e9on, banyak negara alpine telah membangunkan perlindungan yang berat untuk menghalang sebarang pencerobohan baru. Oleh itu, Savoy membina beberapa kubu di lembah Maurienne untuk melindungi laluan alpine utama, seperti col du Mont-Cenis yang dilalui oleh Charlemagne dan bapanya untuk mengalahkan Lombarts. Yang kemudiannya menjadi sangat popular selepas pembinaan jalan berturap yang dipesan oleh Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte. The Barri\u00e8re de l'Esseillon adalah serai kubu-kubu dengan bateri berat, dibina di tebing dengan pemandangan yang sempurna di lembah, jurang di satu sisi dan gunung yang curam di sisi lain. <> Bilakah negara-negara alpine membangun perlindungan berat untuk mencegah pencerobohan baru? || Selepas kejatuhan Napol\u00e9on <> Siapa yang membina beberapa kubu di lembah Maurienne? || Savoy <> Mengapa siri kubu di lembah Maurienne dibina? || untuk melindungi pas alpine yang utama <> Siapa yang memerintahkan pembinaan jalan berturap? || Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte", {"qas": [{"question": "When did many alpine countries develop heavy protection to prevent new invasion?", "id": "56f8c0389b226e1400dd0f2d", "answers": [{"text": "After the fall of Napol\u00e9on", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who built a series of fortifications in the Maurienne valley?", "id": "56f8c0389b226e1400dd0f2e", "answers": [{"text": "Savoy", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why were a series of fortifications in the Maurienne valley built?", "id": "56f8c0389b226e1400dd0f2f", "answers": [{"text": "to protect the major alpine passes", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ordered the construction of a paved road?", "id": "56f8c0389b226e1400dd0f30", "answers": [{"text": "Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After the fall of Napol\u00e9on, many alpine countries developed heavy protections to prevent any new invasion. Thus, Savoy built a series of fortifications in the Maurienne valley in order to protect the major alpine passes, such as the col du Mont-Cenis that was even crossed by, Charlemagne and his father to defeat the Lombarts. The later indeed became very popular after the construction of a paved road ordered by Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte. The Barri\u00e8re de l'Esseillon is a serie of forts with heavy batteries, built on a cliff with a perfect view on the valley, a gorge on one side and steep mountains on the other side."}], ["Kebanyakan budaya Alpine tidak berubah sejak zaman pertengahan ketika kemahiran yang menjamin kelangsungan hidup di lembah-lembah gunung dan di kampung-kampung tertinggi menjadi tempat utama, yang membawa kepada tradisi kuat pertukangan kayu, ukiran kayu, baking dan pastri, dan keju. <> Banyak yang tidak berubah sejak zaman pertengahan? || Budaya Alpine <> Bila kemahiran yang menjamin kelangsungan hidup di lembah gunung paling penting? || zaman pertengahan <> Apakah salah satu tradisi kuat dalam budaya Alpine? || pertukangan kayu", {"qas": [{"question": "Much of what has not changed since the medieval period?", "id": "56f8c9cd9b226e1400dd0ffd", "answers": [{"text": "Alpine culture", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were skills that guaranteed survival in the mountain valleys most important?", "id": "56f8c9cd9b226e1400dd0ffe", "answers": [{"text": "the medieval period", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one of the strongest traditions in Alpine culture?", "id": "56f8c9cd9b226e1400dd0fff", "answers": [{"text": "carpentry", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Much of the Alpine culture is unchanged since the medieval period when skills that guaranteed survival in the mountain valleys and in the highest villages became mainstays, leading to strong traditions of carpentry, woodcarving, baking and pastry-making, and cheesemaking."}], ["Makanan dilepaskan dari dapur ke stube, di mana meja bilik makan diletakkan. Sesetengah makanan adalah komunal, seperti fondue, di mana periuk ditetapkan di tengah-tengah jadual bagi setiap orang untuk mencelupkannya. Makanan lain masih dihidangkan secara tradisional di atas plat kayu yang diukir. Perabot telah secara tradisinya diukir dan di banyak negara Alpen kemahiran pertukangan diluluskan dari generasi ke generasi. <> Makanan dipindahkan dari dapur ke mana? || stube <> Di manakah meja bilik makan diletakkan? || stube <> Secara tradisinya, makanan apa yang dihidangkan? || ukiran kayu <> Bagaimana perabotnya diukir secara tradisional? || dengan rumit", {"qas": [{"question": "The food is passed from the kitchen to where? ", "id": "56f8cf5e9e9bad19000a0564", "answers": [{"text": "the stube", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the dining room table placed? ", "id": "56f8cf5e9e9bad19000a0565", "answers": [{"text": "the stube", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Traditionally, what are meals served on? ", "id": "56f8cf5e9e9bad19000a0566", "answers": [{"text": "carved wooden plates", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is furniture traditionally carved? ", "id": "56f8cf5e9e9bad19000a0567", "answers": [{"text": "elaborately", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Food is passed from the kitchen to the stube, where the dining room table is placed. Some meals are communal, such as fondue, where a pot is set in the middle of the table for each person to dip into. Other meals are still served in a traditional manner on carved wooden plates. Furniture has been traditionally elaborately carved and in many Alpine countries carpentry skills are passed from generation to generation."}], ["Penduduk di rantau ini adalah 14 juta tersebar di lapan negara. Di pinggir gunung, di dataran tinggi dan dataran ekonomi ekonomi terdiri daripada pekerjaan pembuatan dan perkhidmatan manakala di ketinggian yang lebih tinggi dan di ladang pergunungan masih penting untuk ekonomi. Pertanian dan perhutanan terus menjadi pertunjukan budaya Alpine, industri yang menyediakan untuk eksport ke bandar-bandar dan mengekalkan ekologi gunung. <> Apakah populasi rantau Alpine? || 14 juta <> Apa perekonomiannya ada di tepi gunung? || kerja pembuatan dan perkhidmatan <> Pertanian dan Perhutanan terus menjadi teras utama? || Budaya Alpine", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the population of the Alpine region?", "id": "56f8c9319e9bad19000a04da", "answers": [{"text": "14 million", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the economy consist of on the rim of the mountains?", "id": "56f8c9319e9bad19000a04db", "answers": [{"text": "manufacturing and service jobs", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Farming and Forestry continue to be a mainstay of what?", "id": "56f8c9319e9bad19000a04dc", "answers": [{"text": "Alpine culture", "answer_start": 334}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The population of the region is 14 million spread across eight countries. On the rim of the mountains, on the plateaus and the plains the economy consists of manufacturing and service jobs whereas in the higher altitudes and in the mountains farming is still essential to the economy. Farming and forestry continue to be mainstays of Alpine culture, industries that provide for export to the cities and maintain the mountain ecology."}], ["Adolf Hitler yang kelahiran Austria mempunyai daya tarikan romantik seumur hidup dengan Alpen dan pada tahun 1930-an menubuhkan rumah di rantau Obersalzberg di luar Berchtesgaden. Lawatan pertama beliau ke kawasan itu pada tahun 1923 dan beliau mengekalkan ikatan yang kuat di sana sehingga akhir hayatnya. Pada akhir Perang Dunia II Tentera AS menduduki Obersalzberg, untuk menghalang Hitler dari berundur dengan Wehrmacht ke pergunungan. <> Di mana Adolf Hitler dilahirkan? || Austria <> Apa yang Adolf Hitler mempunyai daya tarikan romantik sepanjang hayat? || Alpen <> Di mana Adolf Hitler menubuhkan sebuah rumah di tahun 1930-an? || rantau Obersalzberg <> Bilakah lawatan pertama Adolf Hitlers ke Alps? || 1923", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was Adolf Hitler born?", "id": "56f8c72c9b226e1400dd0fab", "answers": [{"text": "Austrian", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Adolf Hitler have a lifelong romantic fascination with? ", "id": "56f8c72c9b226e1400dd0fac", "answers": [{"text": "the Alps", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Adolf Hitler establish a home in the 1930s?", "id": "56f8c72c9b226e1400dd0fad", "answers": [{"text": "the Obersalzberg region", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Adolf Hitlers first visit to the Alps?", "id": "56f8c72c9b226e1400dd0fae", "answers": [{"text": "1923", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Austrian-born Adolf Hitler had a lifelong romantic fascination with the Alps and by the 1930s established a home in the Obersalzberg region outside of Berchtesgaden. His first visit to the area was in 1923 and he maintained a strong tie there until the end of his life. At the end of World War II the US Army occupied Obersalzberg, to prevent Hitler from retreating with the Wehrmacht into the mountains."}], ["Di kampung-kampung tinggi orang tinggal di rumah yang dibina mengikut reka bentuk zaman pertengahan yang menahan musim sejuk. Dapur dipisahkan dari ruang tamu (dipanggil stube, kawasan rumah yang dipanaskan oleh dapur), dan bilik tidur tingkat kedua mendapat manfaat daripada kenaikan haba. Chalet Swiss tipikal berasal dari Bernese Oberland. Chalets sering menghadapi selatan atau menurun, dan dibina dengan kayu padat, dengan bumbung curam untuk membenarkan salji terkumpul untuk meluncur dengan mudah. Tangga yang membawa ke tingkat atas kadang-kadang dibina di luar, dan balkoni kadangkala tertutup. <> Apa yang orang-orang di kampung-kampung tinggi membina rumah mereka mengikut? || Reka bentuk zaman pertengahan yang menahan musim sejuk <> Apa kawasan rumah yang dipanaskan oleh dapur dipanggil? || the stube <> The chalet Swiss tipikal berasal dari mana? || yang Bernese Oberland <> Arah mana yang Chalets sering menghadapi? || selatan atau bukit <> Apa yang dibina oleh Chalets? || kayu padu", {"qas": [{"question": "What do people in high villages build their homes according to?", "id": "56f8ceb29e9bad19000a0548", "answers": [{"text": "medieval designs that withstand cold winters", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the area of the home heated by a stove called? ", "id": "56f8ceb29e9bad19000a0549", "answers": [{"text": "the stube", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The typic Swiss chalet originated from where?", "id": "56f8ceb29e9bad19000a054a", "answers": [{"text": "the Bernese Oberland", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which direction do Chalets often face? ", "id": "56f8ceb29e9bad19000a054b", "answers": [{"text": "south or downhill", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are Chalets built of? ", "id": "56f8ceb29e9bad19000a054c", "answers": [{"text": "solid wood", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the high villages people live in homes built according to medieval designs that withstand cold winters. The kitchen is separated from the living area (called the stube, the area of the home heated by a stove), and second-floor bedrooms benefit from rising heat. The typical Swiss chalet originated in the Bernese Oberland. Chalets often face south or downhill, and are built of solid wood, with a steeply gabled roof to allow accumulated snow to slide off easily. Stairs leading to upper levels are sometimes built on the outside, and balconies are sometimes enclosed."}], ["Pasukan ski telah dilatih untuk perang, dan pertempuran dilancarkan di kawasan pergunungan seperti pertempuran di Riva Ridge di Itali, di mana Bahagian Gunung 10 Amerika mengalami rintangan berat pada Februari 1945. Pada akhir perang, sejumlah besar Nazi rampasan dijumpai disimpan di Austria, di mana Hitler berharap untuk berundur ketika peperangan semakin hampir. Lombong-lombong garam yang mengelilingi kawasan Altaussee, di mana tentera Amerika mendapati 75 kilogram koin emas yang disimpan dalam satu lombong, digunakan untuk menyimpan seni, permata, dan mata wang yang dijarah; Jumlah kuantiti seni rampasan ditemui dan dikembalikan kepada pemilik. <> Siapa yang terlatih untuk perang? || Tentera Ski <> Di mana pertempuran di Riva Ridge? || Itali <> Di manakah jumlah besar rampasan Nazi ditemui pada akhir perang? || Austria <> Di mana tentera Amerika mencari 75 kilo syiling emas? || Lombong-lombong garam di sekitar kawasan Altaussee", {"qas": [{"question": "Who were trained for the war?", "id": "56f8c8379e9bad19000a04be", "answers": [{"text": "Ski troops", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the battle at Riva Ridge?", "id": "56f8c8379e9bad19000a04bf", "answers": [{"text": "Italy", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was a substantial amount of Nazi plunder found at the end of the war?", "id": "56f8c8379e9bad19000a04c0", "answers": [{"text": "Austria", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did American troops find 75 kilos of gold coins?", "id": "56f8c8379e9bad19000a04c1", "answers": [{"text": "The salt mines surrounding the Altaussee area", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Ski troops were trained for the war, and battles were waged in mountainous areas such as the battle at Riva Ridge in Italy, where the American 10th Mountain Division encountered heavy resistance in February 1945. At the end of the war, a substantial amount of Nazi plunder was found stored in Austria, where Hitler had hoped to retreat as the war drew to a close. The salt mines surrounding the Altaussee area, where American troops found 75 kilos of gold coins stored in a single mine, were used to store looted art, jewels, and currency; vast quantities of looted art were found and returned to the owners."}], ["Pertanian telah menjadi pekerjaan tradisional selama berabad-abad, walaupun ia menjadi kurang dominan pada abad ke-20 dengan kemunculan pelancongan. Tanah rumput dan padang rumput adalah terhad kerana topografi curam dan berbatu di Alps. Pada pertengahan bulan Jun, lembu dipindahkan ke padang rumput yang paling dekat dengan salji salji, di mana mereka ditonton oleh gembala yang tinggal di ketinggian yang tinggi sering tinggal di pondok-pondok batu atau lumbung kayu semasa musim panas. Penduduk kampung menyambut hari-hari lembu itu diterbangkan ke padang rumput dan sekali lagi apabila mereka kembali pada pertengahan bulan September. Alpanschluss atau D\u00e9salpes (\"turun dari alps\") disambut dengan menghias lembu-lembu dengan garlands dan lembu besar ketika petani memakai pakaian tradisional. <> Apa yang telah menjadi pekerjaan tradisional selama berabad-abad? || Pertanian <> Apa yang membuat ladang kurang dominan pada abad ke-20? || pelancongan <> Mengapa tanah padang tidak terhad? || kerana topografi curam dan berbatu di Alps <> Bilakah lembu dipindahkan ke padang rumput yang paling tinggi berhampiran salji salji? || pertengahan Jun", {"qas": [{"question": "What has been a traditional occupation for centuries?", "id": "56f8cc9a9b226e1400dd102f", "answers": [{"text": "Farming", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What made farming less dominant in the 20th century? ", "id": "56f8cc9a9b226e1400dd1030", "answers": [{"text": "tourism", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why is pasture land limited? ", "id": "56f8cc9a9b226e1400dd1031", "answers": [{"text": "because of the steep and rocky topography of the Alps", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When are cows moved to the highest pastures close to the snowline?", "id": "56f8cc9a9b226e1400dd1032", "answers": [{"text": "mid-June", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Farming had been a traditional occupation for centuries, although it became less dominant in the 20th century with the advent of tourism. Grazing and pasture land are limited because of the steep and rocky topography of the Alps. In mid-June cows are moved to the highest pastures close to the snowline, where they are watched by herdsmen who stay in the high altitudes often living in stone huts or wooden barns during the summers. Villagers celebrate the day the cows are herded up to the pastures and again when they return in mid-September. The Alpanschluss or D\u00e9salpes (\"coming down from the alps\") is celebrated by decorating the cows with garlands and enormous cowbells while the farmers dress in traditional costumes."}], ["Menjelang 1940 Reich Ketiga telah menduduki banyak negara Alpine. Austria menjalani rampasan kuasa politik yang menjadikannya sebahagian daripada Reich Ketiga; Perancis telah diserang dan Itali adalah rejim fasis. Switzerland adalah satu-satunya negara yang bernasib baik untuk mengelakkan pencerobohan. Konfederasi Switzerland menggerakkan tenteranya-negara mengikuti doktrin \"berketrampilan bersenjata\" dengan semua lelaki yang diperlukan untuk menjalani latihan ketenteraan-sebilangan besar yang diperkatakan oleh General Eisenhower kira-kira 850,000. Komander Swiss mengangkut infrastruktur yang memasuki negara ini, dan mengancam untuk memusnahkan jambatan, terowong kereta api dan pas pada kejadian serangan Nazi, dan kemudian mereka berundur ke jantung puncak gunung di mana keadaan lebih keras dan pencerobohan ketenteraan akan melibatkan pertempuran yang sukar dan berlarutan. <> Menjelang 1940 yang menduduki banyak negara Alpine? || Reich Ketiga <> Negara apa yang menjalani rampasan kuasa politik yang menjadikannya sebahagian daripada Reich Ketiga? || Austria <> Apa satu-satunya negara yang menghindari pencerobohan dari Reich Ketiga? || Switzerland <> Siapa yang mengangkut infrastruktur yang membawa ke Switzerland? || Para komander Swiss", {"qas": [{"question": "By 1940 who occupied many of the Alpine countries?", "id": "56f8c7c89b226e1400dd0fc7", "answers": [{"text": "the Third Reich", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country underwent a political coup that made it part of the Third Reich?", "id": "56f8c7c89b226e1400dd0fc8", "answers": [{"text": "Austria", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the only country that avoided invasion from the Third Reich?", "id": "56f8c7c89b226e1400dd0fc9", "answers": [{"text": "Switzerland", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wired the infrastructure leading into Switzerland?", "id": "56f8c7c89b226e1400dd0fca", "answers": [{"text": "The Swiss commanders", "answer_start": 468}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By 1940 the Third Reich had occupied many of the Alpine countries. Austria underwent a political coup that made it part of the Third Reich; France had been invaded and Italy was a fascist regime. Switzerland was the only country to luckily avoid invasion. The Swiss Confederate mobilized its troops\u2014the country follows the doctrine of \"armed neutrality\" with all males required to have military training\u2014a number that General Eisenhower estimated to be about 850,000. The Swiss commanders wired the infrastructure leading into the country, and threatening to destroy bridges, railway tunnels and passes in the event of a Nazi invasion, and then they retreated to the heart of the mountain peaks where conditions were harsher and a military invasion would involve difficult and protracted battles."}], ["Cheesemaking adalah tradisi kuno di kebanyakan negara Alpine. Satu roda keju dari Emmental di Switzerland boleh menimbang hingga 45 kg (100 lb), dan Beaufort di Savoy boleh menaikkan sehingga 70 kilogram (150 lb). Pemilik lembu secara tradisional menerima dari cheesemakers sebanding dengan proporsi susu sapi dari musim panas di alps yang tinggi. Haymaking adalah aktiviti penternakan penting di kampung-kampung gunung yang telah menjadi agak mekanik dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini, walaupun lereng begitu curam yang biasanya scythes diperlukan untuk memotong rumput. Hay biasanya dibawa dua kali setahun, sering juga pada hari perayaan. Perayaan Alpine berbeza-beza dari negara ke negara dan sering termasuk pameran kostum tempatan seperti dirndl dan trachten, bermain Alpenhorns, pertandingan gusti, beberapa tradisi pagan seperti Walpurgis Night dan, di banyak tempat, Karnival dirayakan sebelum Lent. <> Apakah tradisi kuno di kebanyakan negara Alpine? || Cheesemaking <> Berapa banyak roda keju dari Emmental? || sehingga 45 kg (100 lb) <> Apa aktiviti pertanian yang penting di kampung-kampung gunung? || Haymaking <> Berapa kali Hay biasanya dibawa setiap tahun? || dua kali <> Bilakah Karnival dirayakan? || sebelum meminjam", {"qas": [{"question": "What is an ancient tradition in most Alpine countries?", "id": "56f8cdb69e9bad19000a0538", "answers": [{"text": "Cheesemaking", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much can a wheel of cheese from the Emmental weigh?", "id": "56f8cdb69e9bad19000a0539", "answers": [{"text": "up to 45 kg (100 lb)", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an important farming activity in mountain villages?", "id": "56f8cdb69e9bad19000a053a", "answers": [{"text": "Haymaking", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times is Hay normally brought each year?", "id": "56f8cdb69e9bad19000a053b", "answers": [{"text": "twice", "answer_start": 605}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When is Carnival celebrated? ", "id": "56f8cdb69e9bad19000a053c", "answers": [{"text": "before Lent", "answer_start": 906}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Cheesemaking is an ancient tradition in most Alpine countries. A wheel of cheese from the Emmental in Switzerland can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb), and the Beaufort in Savoy can weight up to 70 kilograms (150 lb). Owners of the cows traditionally receive from the cheesemakers a portion in relation to the proportion of the cows' milk from the summer months in the high alps. Haymaking is an important farming activity in mountain villages which has become somewhat mechanized in recent years, although the slopes are so steep that usually scythes are necessary to cut the grass. Hay is normally brought in twice a year, often also on festival days. Alpine festivals vary from country to country and often include the display of local costumes such as dirndl and trachten, the playing of Alpenhorns, wrestling matches, some pagan traditions such as Walpurgis Night and, in many areas, Carnival is celebrated before Lent."}], ["Atap secara tradisional dibina dari batu Alpine seperti kepingan schist, gneiss atau slate. Chalet seperti biasanya terdapat di bahagian yang lebih tinggi dari lembah, seperti di lembah Maurienne di Savoy, di mana jumlah salji semasa musim sejuk adalah penting. Kecenderungan bumbung tidak boleh melebihi 40%, membolehkan salji tetap di atas, sehingga berfungsi sebagai penebat dari sejuk. Di kawasan yang lebih rendah di mana hutan meluas, jubin kayu secara tradisional digunakan. Lazimnya diperbuat daripada Norway merapikan, mereka dipanggil \"tavaillon\". Wilayah Alpine adalah pelbagai budaya dan bahasa linguistik. Dialek adalah umum, dan berbeza dari lembah ke lembah dan rantau ke rantau. Di Slavia Alps sahaja 19 dialek telah dikenalpasti. Beberapa dialek bahasa Perancis yang dituturkan dalam bahasa Perancis, Switzerland dan Itali dari Lembah Aosta berasal dari Arpitan, sementara bahagian selatan dari barat adalah berkaitan dengan Old Proven\u00e7al; dialek Jerman berasal dari bahasa suku kaum Jerman. Romansh, yang dituturkan oleh dua peratus penduduk di Switzerland tenggara, adalah bahasa kuno Rhaeto-Romawi yang berasal dari bahasa Latin, sisa-sisa bahasa Celtic purba dan mungkin Etruscan. <> Apakah bumbung yang secara tradisional dibina dari? || Batu-batu Alpine <> Di mana chalet yang biasanya digunakan untuk pembinaan bumbung dijumpai ?? || bahagian yang lebih tinggi dari lembah <> Kecenderungan bumbung tidak boleh melebihi berapa? || 40% <> Berapa banyak dialek telah dikenalpasti di Alps Slavia? || 19 <> Bahasa apa yang dikatakan oleh dua peratus penduduk di tenggara Switzerland? || Romansh", {"qas": [{"question": "What are roofs traditionally constructed from? ", "id": "56f8d0689b226e1400dd105b", "answers": [{"text": "Alpine rocks", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are chalets typically used for roof construction found?? ", "id": "56f8d0689b226e1400dd105c", "answers": [{"text": "the higher parts of the valleys", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The inclination of the roof cannot exceed how much? ", "id": "56f8d0689b226e1400dd105d", "answers": [{"text": "40%", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many dialects have been identified in the Slavic Alps?", "id": "56f8d0689b226e1400dd105e", "answers": [{"text": "19", "answer_start": 710}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language is spoken by two percent of the population in southeast Switzerland? ", "id": "56f8d0689b226e1400dd105f", "answers": [{"text": "Romansh", "answer_start": 987}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Roofs are traditionally constructed from Alpine rocks such as pieces of schist, gneiss or slate. Such chalets are typically found in the higher parts of the valleys, as in the Maurienne valley in Savoy, where the amount of snow during the cold months is important. The inclination of the roof cannot exceed 40%, allowing the snow to stay on top, thereby functioning as insulation from the cold. In the lower areas where the forests are widespread, wooden tiles are traditionally used. Commonly made of Norway spruce, they are called \"tavaillon\". The Alpine regions are multicultural and linguistically diverse. Dialects are common, and vary from valley to valley and region to region. In the Slavic Alps alone 19 dialects have been identified. Some of the French dialects spoken in the French, Swiss and Italian alps of Aosta Valley derive from Arpitan, while the southern part of the western range is related to Old Proven\u00e7al; the German dialects derive from Germanic tribal languages. Romansh, spoken by two percent of the population in southeast Switzerland, is an ancient Rhaeto-Romanic language derived from Latin, remnants of ancient Celtic languages and perhaps Etruscan."}], ["Rantau ini diservis oleh 4,200 km (2,600 mi) jalan yang digunakan oleh 6 juta kenderaan. Perjalanan kereta api terletak di Alps, dengan contoh 120 km (75 mi) trek bagi setiap 1,000 km2 (390 mil persegi) di negara seperti Switzerland. Kebanyakan kereta api tertinggi di Eropah terletak di sana. Selain itu, rancangan sedang dijalankan untuk membina terowong sub-alpine 57 km (35 mi) yang menghubungkan terowong L\u00f6tschberg dan Gotthard yang lebih lama yang dibina pada abad ke-19. <> Berapa banyak kawasan yang dikhaskan untuk jalan di rantau Alpine? || 4,200 km (2,600 mi) <> Berapa banyak kenderaan menggunakan jalan raya? || 6 juta <> Di mana kebanyakan kereta api tertinggi Eropah terletak? || Switzerland <> Berapa lamakah terowong yang menghubungkan Lotschberg dan Gotthard? || 57 km", {"qas": [{"question": "How much area is devoted to roads in the Alpine region?", "id": "56f8d39d9b226e1400dd10a5", "answers": [{"text": "4,200 km (2,600 mi)", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many vehicles use the roads? ", "id": "56f8d39d9b226e1400dd10a6", "answers": [{"text": "6 million", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are most of Europe's highest railways located? ", "id": "56f8d39d9b226e1400dd10a7", "answers": [{"text": "Switzerland", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long is the tunnel connecting Lotschberg and Gotthard planned to be? ", "id": "56f8d39d9b226e1400dd10a8", "answers": [{"text": "57 km", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The region is serviced by 4,200 km (2,600 mi) of roads used by 6 million vehicles. Train travel is well established in the Alps, with, for instance 120 km (75 mi) of track for every 1,000 km2 (390 sq mi) in a country such as Switzerland. Most of Europe's highest railways are located there. Moreover, plans are underway to build a 57 km (35 mi)-long sub-alpine tunnel connecting the older L\u00f6tschberg and Gotthard tunnels built in the 19th century."}], ["Sesetengah kampung gunung tinggi, seperti Avoriaz (di Perancis), Wengen, dan Zermatt (di Switzerland) hanya boleh diakses oleh kereta kabel atau keretapi kereta api kereta api, dan kereta bebas. Kampung-kampung lain di Alps sedang mempertimbangkan untuk menjadi zon bebas kereta atau mengehadkan bilangan kereta kerana alasan kelestarian kawasan Alpine yang rapuh. <> Di mana kampung Avoriaz terletak? || Perancis <> Di manakah kampung-kampung Wengen dan Zermatt terletak? || Switzerland <> Mengapa kampung mempertimbangkan untuk menjadi zon bebas kereta? || sebab-sebab kemampanan", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is the village of Avoriaz located? ", "id": "56f8d4209b226e1400dd10ad", "answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are the villages of Wengen and Zermatt located? ", "id": "56f8d4209b226e1400dd10ae", "answers": [{"text": "Switzerland", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why are villages considering becoming car free zones?", "id": "56f8d4209b226e1400dd10af", "answers": [{"text": "reasons of sustainability", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some high mountain villages, such as Avoriaz (in France), Wengen, and Zermatt (in Switzerland) are accessible only by cable car or cog-rail trains, and are car free. Other villages in the Alps are considering becoming car free zones or limiting the number of cars for reasons of sustainability of the fragile Alpine terrain."}], ["Kawasan-kawasan yang lebih rendah dan bandar-bandar Alps yang lebih besar dihidangkan oleh lebuh raya dan jalan utama, tetapi laluan gunung dan bukit yang lebih tinggi, yang merupakan antara tertinggi di Eropah, boleh menjadi khianat walaupun pada musim panas disebabkan oleh cerun yang curam. Banyak pas ditutup pada musim sejuk. Banyak lapangan terbang di sekeliling Alps (dan beberapa di dalam), serta sambungan kereta api jarak jauh dari semua negara jiran, mampu banyak pelancong yang mudah mengakses dari luar negara. <> Bilakah banyak pas di Alps ditutup? || musim sejuk <> Kawasan-kawasan yang lebih rendah dan bandar-bandar Alps yang lebih besar dihidangkan dengan apa? || jalan raya <> Apa yang boleh menjadi khianat walaupun pada musim panas disebabkan oleh cerun yang curam? || pas gunung", {"qas": [{"question": "When are many passes in the Alps closed? ", "id": "56f8d4ee9b226e1400dd10b3", "answers": [{"text": "winter", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The lower regions and larger towns of the Alps are well-served by what?", "id": "56f8d4ee9b226e1400dd10b4", "answers": [{"text": "motorways", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can be treacherous even in summer due to steep slopes?", "id": "56f8d4ee9b226e1400dd10b5", "answers": [{"text": "mountain passes", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The lower regions and larger towns of the Alps are well-served by motorways and main roads, but higher mountain passes and byroads, which are amongst the highest in Europe, can be treacherous even in summer due to steep slopes. Many passes are closed in winter. A multitude of airports around the Alps (and some within), as well as long-distance rail links from all neighbouring countries, afford large numbers of travellers easy access from abroad."}], ["Pada masa ini Alpen adalah salah satu destinasi pelancongan yang popular di dunia dengan banyak pusat peranginan seperti Oberstdorf, Bavaria, Saalbach di Austria, Davos di Switzerland, Chamonix di Perancis, dan Cortina d'Ampezzo di Itali yang mencatatkan lebih daripada sejuta pengunjung tahunan . Dengan lebih daripada 120 juta pelawat setahun pelancongan adalah penting kepada ekonomi Alpine dengan banyaknya datang dari sukan musim sejuk walaupun pengunjung musim panas merupakan komponen penting dalam industri pelancongan. <> Apa salah satu destinasi pelancongan paling popular di dunia? || the Alps <> Di mana Saalbach terletak? || Austria <> Berapa ramai orang melawat Alps setiap tahun? || Lebih 120 juta <> Apa bahagian penting dalam ekonomi Alpine? || pelancongan", {"qas": [{"question": "What's one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world? ", "id": "56f8d0e19e9bad19000a0592", "answers": [{"text": "the Alps", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Saalbach located? ", "id": "56f8d0e19e9bad19000a0593", "answers": [{"text": "Austria", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people visit the Alps every year? ", "id": "56f8d0e19e9bad19000a0594", "answers": [{"text": "over 120 million", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an integral part of the Alpine economy?", "id": "56f8d0e19e9bad19000a0595", "answers": [{"text": "tourism", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At present the Alps are one of the more popular tourist destinations in the world with many resorts such Oberstdorf, in Bavaria, Saalbach in Austria, Davos in Switzerland, Chamonix in France, and Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy recording more than a million annual visitors. With over 120 million visitors a year tourism is integral to the Alpine economy with much it coming from winter sports although summer visitors are an important component of the tourism industry."}], ["Semasa zaman pasca Perang Dunia I, angkatan ski telah dibina di bandar-bandar Switzerland dan Austria untuk menampung pelawat musim sejuk, tetapi pelancongan musim panas terus menjadi penting; menjelang pertengahan abad ke-20 popularitas ski menuruni bukit meningkat dengan lebih besar kerana ia menjadi lebih mudah diakses dan pada 1970-an beberapa perkampungan baru dibina di Perancis yang ditujukan hampir semata-mata untuk bermain ski, seperti Les Menuires. Sehingga titik ini Austria dan Switzerland menjadi destinasi tradisional dan lebih popular untuk sukan musim sejuk, tetapi pada akhir abad ke-20 dan ke awal abad ke-21, Perancis, Itali dan Tyrol mula melihat peningkatan pengunjung musim sejuk. Dari tahun 1980 hingga kini, lif-ski telah dimodenkan dan mesin membuat salji dipasang di banyak pusat peranginan, yang membawa kepada kebimbangan mengenai kehilangan budaya Alpine tradisional dan persoalan mengenai pembangunan lestari kerana industri ski musim sejuk terus berkembang dengan cepat dan jumlah pelancong musim panas merosot. <> Bilakah lif ski dibina di bandar-bandar Switzerland dan Austria? || selepas Perang Dunia I <> Bilakah beberapa perkampungan baru dibina di Perancis hampir semata-mata untuk bermain ski? || tahun 1970 <> Di mana terletak Les Menuires? || Perancis", {"qas": [{"question": "When were ski-lifts built in Swiss and Austrian towns?", "id": "56f8d3179b226e1400dd1095", "answers": [{"text": "post-World War I", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were several new villages built in France almost exclusively for skiing?", "id": "56f8d3179b226e1400dd1096", "answers": [{"text": "the 1970s", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Les Menuires located? ", "id": "56f8d3179b226e1400dd1097", "answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the post-World War I period ski-lifts were built in Swiss and Austrian towns to accommodate winter visitors, but summer tourism continued to be important; by the mid-20th century the popularity of downhill skiing increased greatly as it became more accessible and in the 1970s several new villages were built in France devoted almost exclusively to skiing, such as Les Menuires. Until this point Austria and Switzerland had been the traditional and more popular destinations for winter sports, but by the end of the 20th century and into the early 21st century, France, Italy and the Tyrol began to see increases in winter visitors. From 1980 to the present, ski-lifts have been modernized and snow-making machines installed at many resorts, leading to concerns regarding the loss of traditional Alpine culture and questions regarding sustainable development as the winter ski industry continues to develop quickly and the number of summer tourists decline."}], ["Industri pelancongan bermula pada awal abad ke-19 apabila orang asing melawat Alps, mengembara ke pangkalan gunung untuk menikmati pemandangan, dan menginap di spa-resort. Hotel-hotel besar dibina semasa Belle \u00c9poque; kereta api cog, yang dibina pada awal abad ke-20, membawa para pelancong ke tempat yang lebih tinggi, dengan Jungfraubahn menamatkan di Jungfraujoch, jauh di atas garisan salju abadi, setelah melalui terowongan di Eiger. Semasa musim sejuk sukan musim sejuk perlahan-lahan diperkenalkan: pada tahun 1882 kejohanan skating angka pertama diadakan di St. Moritz, dan ski menuruni bukit menjadi sukan popular dengan pelawat Inggeris pada awal abad ke-20, sebagai lif ski pertama dipasang pada tahun 1908 di atas Grindelwald. <> Bilakah industri pelancongan bermula? || awal abad ke-19 <> Ketika hotel-hotel besar dibina di Alps? || semasa Belle \u00c9poque <> Bilakah kereta api cog dibina di Alps? || awal kurun ke-20 <> Kapan kejohanan skating angka pertama diadakan? || 1882 <> Di manakah kejuaraan skating pertama yang diadakan? || St Moritz", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the tourism industry begin? ", "id": "56f8d17c9b226e1400dd106f", "answers": [{"text": "the early 19th century", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were large hotels built in the Alps? ", "id": "56f8d17c9b226e1400dd1070", "answers": [{"text": "during the Belle \u00c9poque", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were cog-railways built in the Alps?", "id": "56f8d17c9b226e1400dd1071", "answers": [{"text": "early in the 20th century", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the first figure skating championship held? ", "id": "56f8d17c9b226e1400dd1072", "answers": [{"text": "1882", "answer_start": 507}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the first figure skating championship held? ", "id": "56f8d17c9b226e1400dd1073", "answers": [{"text": "St. Moritz", "answer_start": 562}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The tourism industry began in the early 19th century when foreigners visited the Alps, traveled to the bases of the mountains to enjoy the scenery, and stayed at the spa-resorts. Large hotels were built during the Belle \u00c9poque; cog-railways, built early in the 20th century, brought tourists to ever higher elevations, with the Jungfraubahn terminating at the Jungfraujoch, well above the eternal snow-line, after going through a tunnel in Eiger. During this period winter sports were slowly introduced: in 1882 the first figure skating championship was held in St. Moritz, and downhill skiing became a popular sport with English visitors early in the 20th century, as the first ski-lift was installed in 1908 above Grindelwald."}], ["Pada separuh pertama abad ke-20 Sukan Olimpik Musim Sejuk diadakan tiga kali di tempat-tempat Alpine: Olimpik Musim Sejuk 1924 di Chamonix, Perancis; Olimpik Musim Sejuk 1928 di St. Moritz, Switzerland; dan Sukan Olimpik Musim Sejuk 1936 di Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Jerman. Semasa Perang Dunia II, permainan musim sejuk telah dibatalkan tetapi selepas itu Sukan Musim Sejuk telah diadakan di St. Moritz (1948), Cortina d'Ampezzo (1956), Innsbruck, Austria (1964 dan 1976), Grenoble, Perancis, (1968 ), Albertville, Perancis, (1992), dan Torino (2006). Pada tahun 1930, Lauberhorn Rennen (Lauberhorn Race), yang pertama kali dijalankan pada Lauberhorn di atas Wengen; yang juga menuntut Hahnenkamm pertama kali dijalankan pada tahun yang sama di Kitzb\u00fchl, Austria. Kedua-dua perlumbaan ini terus diadakan setiap bulan Januari pada hujung minggu berturut-turut. Lauberhorn adalah perlumbaan menurun lebih perlahan di 4.5 km (2.8 mi) dan menimbulkan bahaya kepada pelumba yang mencapai 130 km / j (81 mph) dalam beberapa saat meninggalkan pintu masuk. <> Di manakah Olimpik Musim Sejuk yang diadakan pada tahun 1924? || Chamonix, Perancis <> Di manakah Sukan Olimpik Musim Sejuk yang diadakan pada tahun 1928? || St Moritz, Switzerland <> Di manakah Sukan Olimpik Musim Sejuk yang diadakan pada tahun 1936? || Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Jerman <> Bilakah Lauberhorn Rennen berlari untuk kali pertama di Lauberhorn di atas Wengen? || 1930 <> Bilakah Sukan Olimpik Musim Sejuk yang diadakan di Albertville, Perancis? || (1992)", {"qas": [{"question": "Where were the Winter Olympics held in 1924?", "id": "56f8d2919e9bad19000a059a", "answers": [{"text": "Chamonix, France", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the Winter Olympics held in 1928?", "id": "56f8d2919e9bad19000a059b", "answers": [{"text": "St. Moritz, Switzerland", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the Winter Olympics held in 1936?", "id": "56f8d2919e9bad19000a059c", "answers": [{"text": "Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Lauberhorn Rennen ran for the first time on the Lauberhorn above Wengen?", "id": "56f8d2919e9bad19000a059d", "answers": [{"text": "1930", "answer_start": 531}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the Winter Olympics held in Albertville, France? ", "id": "56f8d2919e9bad19000a059e", "answers": [{"text": "(1992)", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the first half of the 20th century the Olympic Winter Games were held three times in Alpine venues: the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France; the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland; and the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. During World War II the winter games were canceled but after that time the Winter Games have been held in St. Moritz (1948), Cortina d'Ampezzo (1956), Innsbruck, Austria (1964 and 1976), Grenoble, France, (1968), Albertville, France, (1992), and Torino (2006). In 1930 the Lauberhorn Rennen (Lauberhorn Race), was run for the first time on the Lauberhorn above Wengen; the equally demanding Hahnenkamm was first run in the same year in Kitzb\u00fchl, Austria. Both races continue to be held each January on successive weekends. The Lauberhorn is the more strenuous downhill race at 4.5 km (2.8 mi) and poses danger to racers who reach 130 km/h (81 mph) within seconds of leaving the start gate."}]], [["Sebahagian besar organisma hidup mengekodkan gen mereka dalam helai panjang DNA (asid deoksiribonukleik). DNA terdiri daripada rantai yang terbuat dari empat jenis subunit nukleotida, masing-masing terdiri daripada: gula lima-karbon (2'-deoxyribose), kumpulan fosfat, dan satu daripada empat asas adenina, sitosin, guanin, dan timina.:2.1 <> Apakah sebahagian besar organisma hidup menyandikan gen mereka? || helai DNA panjang (asid deoksiribonukleik) <> Apakah DNA terdiri daripada? || rantai yang dibuat daripada empat jenis subunit nukleotida <> Jenis gula apa yang membentuk sebahagian daripada molekul DNA? || gula lima-karbon (2'-deoxyribose) <> Apakah empat asas yang digunakan dalam subunit nukleotida? || adenina, cytosine, guanine, dan timina <> Selain gula dan empat pangkalan, apa lagi DNA yang terdiri daripada? || sebuah kumpulan fosfat", {"qas": [{"question": "What do the vast majority of living organisms encode their genes in?", "id": "56f89e2e9e9bad19000a01db", "answers": [{"text": "long strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does DNA consist of?", "id": "56f89e2e9e9bad19000a01dc", "answers": [{"text": "a chain made from four types of nucleotide subunits", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of sugar composes part of the DNA molecule?", "id": "56f89e2e9e9bad19000a01dd", "answers": [{"text": "a five-carbon sugar (2'-deoxyribose)", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the four bases used in nucleotide subunits?", "id": "56f89e2e9e9bad19000a01de", "answers": [{"text": "adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides the sugar and the four bases, what else does DNA consist of?", "id": "56f89e2e9e9bad19000a01df", "answers": [{"text": "a phosphate group", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The vast majority of living organisms encode their genes in long strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA consists of a chain made from four types of nucleotide subunits, each composed of: a five-carbon sugar (2'-deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of the four bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.:2.1"}], ["Gen boleh memperoleh mutasi dalam urutan mereka, membawa kepada variasi yang berbeza, yang dikenali sebagai alel, dalam populasi. Alel ini menyandikan versi protein yang berlainan, yang menyebabkan sifat fenotip yang berlainan. Penggunaan kolokal istilah \"memiliki gen\" (mis., \"Gen yang baik,\" \"gen warna rambut\") biasanya merujuk kepada mempunyai alel yang berbeda dari gen. Gen berkembang kerana pemilihan semulajadi atau kelangsungan hidup alel paling alel. <> Apakah mutasi dalam urutan gen mengarah kepada? || varian yang berbeza, yang dikenali sebagai alel <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh alel? || menyandarkan versi protein yang berbeza <> Apa yang menyebabkan alel? || ciri fenotip yang berlainan <> Apakah \"mempunyai gen\" atau \"gen yang baik\" biasanya merujuk kepada? || mempunyai alel yang berlainan gen <> Apa yang menyebabkan gen berkembang? || pemilihan semulajadi atau kelangsungan hidup alel paling alel", {"qas": [{"question": "What do mutations in a gene sequence lead to?", "id": "56f88e06aef2371900626180", "answers": [{"text": "different variants, known as alleles", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do alleles do?", "id": "56f88e06aef2371900626181", "answers": [{"text": "encode slightly different versions of a protein", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do alleles cause?", "id": "56f88e06aef2371900626182", "answers": [{"text": "different phenotype traits", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does \"having a gene\" or a \"good gene\" typically refer to?", "id": "56f88e06aef2371900626183", "answers": [{"text": "having a different allele of the gene", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What causes genes to evolve?", "id": "56f88e06aef2371900626184", "answers": [{"text": "natural selection or survival of the fittest of the alleles", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term \"having a gene\" (e.g., \"good genes,\" \"hair colour gene\") typically refers to having a different allele of the gene. Genes evolve due to natural selection or survival of the fittest of the alleles."}], ["Pada tahun 1972, Walter Fiers dan pasukannya di University of Ghent adalah yang pertama untuk menentukan urutan gen: gen untuk protein kot Bacteriophage MS2. Perkembangan seterusnya penggubahan rangkaian rantai DNA pada tahun 1977 oleh Frederick Sanger meningkatkan kecekapan penjujukan dan menjadikannya sebagai alat makmal rutin. Versi automatik kaedah Sanger digunakan pada fasa awal Projek Genom Manusia. <> Bilakah urutan pertama gen ditentukan? || Pada tahun 1972 <> Apakah gen pertama yang akan disusun? || gen untuk Bacteriophage protein protein MS2 <> Siapa yang mengembangkan rantai penamatan rangkaian rantai pada tahun 1977? || Frederick Sanger <> Apa penyusunan kaedah penjujukan DNA penamatan rantaian lakukan untuk proses penjujukan? || meningkatkan kecekapan penjujukan dan mengubahnya menjadi alat makmal rutin. <> Projek apa yang menggunakan versi automatik kaedah Sanger pada peringkat awal? || Projek Genom Manusia", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the first sequence of a gene determined?", "id": "56f89b129b226e1400dd0ca7", "answers": [{"text": "In 1972", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first gene to be sequenced?", "id": "56f89b129b226e1400dd0ca8", "answers": [{"text": "the gene for Bacteriophage MS2 coat protein", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who developed chain termination DNA sequencing in 1977?", "id": "56f89b129b226e1400dd0ca9", "answers": [{"text": "Frederick Sanger", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the devlopment of the chain termination DNA sequencing method do for the sequencing process?", "id": "56f89b129b226e1400dd0caa", "answers": [{"text": "improved the efficiency of sequencing and turned it into a routine laboratory tool.", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What project used an automated version of the Sanger method in its early stages?", "id": "56f89b129b226e1400dd0cab", "answers": [{"text": "the Human Genome Project", "answer_start": 404}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1972, Walter Fiers and his team at the University of Ghent were the first to determine the sequence of a gene: the gene for Bacteriophage MS2 coat protein. The subsequent development of chain-termination DNA sequencing in 1977 by Frederick Sanger improved the efficiency of sequencing and turned it into a routine laboratory tool. An automated version of the Sanger method was used in early phases of the Human Genome Project."}], ["Kata gen berasal (melalui pangene) dari perkataan Greek \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (genos) yang bermaksud \"bangsa, keturunan\". Gene dicipta pada tahun 1909 oleh ahli botani Denmark Wilhelm Johannsen untuk menggambarkan unit fizikal dan fungsi keturunan yang utama, manakala genetika perkataan yang berkaitan digunakan pertama kali oleh William Bateson pada tahun 1905. <> Apa perkataan Yunani kuno adalah perkataan 'gen' yang berasal dari? || \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (g\u00e9nos) <> Apa arti kata Yunani kuno 'g\u00e9nos'? || \"bangsa, keturunan\" <> Apa ahli botani Denmark mencipta perkataan 'gen'? || Wilhelm Johannsen <> Apa perkataan 'gen' yang digambarkan pada tahun 1909? || unit fizikal dan fungsi asas keturunan <> Siapa yang mula-mula menggunakan kata 'genetik' pada tahun 1905? || William Bateson", {"qas": [{"question": "What ancient Greek word is the word 'gene' derived from?", "id": "56f8981f9b226e1400dd0c77", "answers": [{"text": "\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (g\u00e9nos)", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the ancient Greek word 'g\u00e9nos' mean?", "id": "56f8981f9b226e1400dd0c78", "answers": [{"text": "\"race, offspring\"", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Danish botanist coined the word 'gene'?", "id": "56f8981f9b226e1400dd0c79", "answers": [{"text": "Wilhelm Johannsen", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the word 'gene' used to describe in 1909?", "id": "56f8981f9b226e1400dd0c7a", "answers": [{"text": "the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who first used the word 'genetics' in 1905?", "id": "56f8981f9b226e1400dd0c7b", "answers": [{"text": "William Bateson", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The word gene is derived (via pangene) from the Ancient Greek word \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (g\u00e9nos) meaning \"race, offspring\". Gene was coined in 1909 by Danish botanist Wilhelm Johannsen to describe the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity, while the related word genetics was first used by William Bateson in 1905."}], ["Konsep gen terus diperbaiki apabila fenomena baru ditemui. Sebagai contoh, kawasan pengawalseliaan gen boleh jauh dari kawasan pengekodannya, dan wilayah pengekodan boleh dibahagikan kepada beberapa exon. Sesetengah virus menyimpan genom mereka dalam RNA dan bukannya DNA dan sesetengah produk gen adalah RNA bukan kod yang berfungsi. Oleh itu, definisi kerja yang luas dan moden gen adalah mana-mana lokus diskriminasi, genomik genetik yang mempengaruhi sifat-sifat organisma dengan dinyatakan sebagai produk fungsional atau dengan peraturan ekspresi gen. <> Apa yang boleh dilakukan oleh kawasan pengawalseliaan gen? || wilayah pengekodannya <> Apa yang boleh dipatodkan wilayah menjadi berpecah? || beberapa exon <> Apa yang ada virus menyimpan genom mereka bukannya DNA? || RNA <> Apakah beberapa produk gen? || RNA bukan pengkodan fungsi <> Apakah definisi kerja yang luas dan moden mengenai gen? || mana-mana lokus diskriminasi, urutan genomik yang mempengaruhi sifat-sifat organisma dengan dinyatakan sebagai produk berfungsi", {"qas": [{"question": "What can regulatory regions of a gene be far removed from?", "id": "56f8935baef23719006261ce", "answers": [{"text": "its coding regions", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can coding regions be split into?", "id": "56f8935baef23719006261cf", "answers": [{"text": "several exons", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do some viruses store their genome in instead of DNA?", "id": "56f8935baef23719006261d0", "answers": [{"text": "RNA", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some gene products?", "id": "56f8935baef23719006261d1", "answers": [{"text": "functional non-coding RNAs", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a broad, modern working definition of a gene?", "id": "56f8935baef23719006261d2", "answers": [{"text": "any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding RNAs. Therefore, a broad, modern working definition of a gene is any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product or by regulation of gene expression."}], ["Sebelum karya Mendel, teori dominan keturunan adalah salah satu pewarisan warisan, yang mencadangkan bahawa setiap ibu bapa menyumbangkan cairan kepada proses persenyawaan dan ciri-ciri ibu bapa dicampur dan bercampur untuk menghasilkan anak. Charles Darwin mengembangkan teori warisan yang disebutnya pangenesis, yang menggunakan istilah gemmule untuk menggambarkan zarah-zarah hipotetikal yang akan dicampur semasa pembiakan. Walaupun karya Mendel sebahagian besarnya tidak diiktiraf selepas penerbitannya yang pertama pada tahun 1866, ia telah 'ditemui semula' pada tahun 1900 oleh tiga saintis Eropah, Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, dan Erich von Tschermak, yang mendakwa telah mencapai kesimpulan yang sama dalam penyelidikan mereka sendiri. <> Apakah teori keturunan yang ketara sebelum kerja Mendel? || salah satu pewarisan warisan yang mengembangkan teori warisan yang dikenali sebagai pangenesis? || Charles Darwin <> Apakah istilah gemmule menggambarkan? || zarah hipotetikal yang akan dicampur semasa reproduksi <> Tahun apakah karya Mendel yang pertama diterbitkan? || 1866 <> Siapa tiga saintis yang mendakwa telah mencapai kesimpulan yang mirip dengan Mendel? || Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, dan Erich von Tschermak", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the dominant theory of heredity prior to Mendel's work?", "id": "56f896ef9e9bad19000a019b", "answers": [{"text": "one of blending inheritance", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who developed the theory of inheritance known as pangenesis?", "id": "56f896ef9e9bad19000a019c", "answers": [{"text": "Charles Darwin", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the term gemmule describe?", "id": "56f896ef9e9bad19000a019d", "answers": [{"text": "hypothetical particles that would mix during reproduction", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Mendel's work first published?", "id": "56f896ef9e9bad19000a019e", "answers": [{"text": "1866", "answer_start": 498}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who are the three scientists that claimed to have reached conclusions similar to Mendel's?", "id": "56f896ef9e9bad19000a019f", "answers": [{"text": "Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, and Erich von Tschermak", "answer_start": 564}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Prior to Mendel's work, the dominant theory of heredity was one of blending inheritance, which suggested that each parent contributed fluids to the fertilisation process and that the traits of the parents blended and mixed to produce the offspring. Charles Darwin developed a theory of inheritance he termed pangenesis, which used the term gemmule to describe hypothetical particles that would mix during reproduction. Although Mendel's work was largely unrecognized after its first publication in 1866, it was 'rediscovered' in 1900 by three European scientists, Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, and Erich von Tschermak, who claimed to have reached similar conclusions in their own research."}], ["Teori-teori yang dibangunkan pada tahun 1930-an dan 1940-an untuk mengintegrasikan genetik molekul dengan evolusi Darwin dipanggil sintesis evolusi moden, istilah yang diperkenalkan oleh Julian Huxley. Ahli biologi evolusi kemudiannya menapis konsep ini, seperti pandangan genetik George C. Williams mengenai evolusi. Beliau mencadangkan konsep evolusi gen sebagai satu unit pemilihan semulajadi dengan definisi: \"yang memisahkan dan menggabungkan semula dengan kekerapan yang cukup besar.\": 24 Dalam pandangan ini, gen molekular menyalin sebagai satu unit, dan gen evolusi mewarisi sebagai unit. Idea yang berkaitan dengan penekanan sentraliti gen dalam evolusi dipopulerkan oleh Richard Dawkins. <> Dalam jangka masa berapa teori-teori untuk menggabungkan genetik molekul dengan evolusi Darwin berkembang? || 1930-an dan 1940-an <> Apakah teori-teori yang mengintegrasikan genetik molekul dengan evolusi Darwin dipanggil? || sintesis evolusi moden <> Siapa yang mencadangkan konsep evolusi gen sebagai satu unit pemilihan semulajadi? || George C. Williams <> Apakah definisi konsep gen itu sebagai satu unit pemilihan semulajadi? || \"yang mengasingkan dan merekod semula dengan frekuensi yang ketara.\" <> Siapa yang mempopulerkan idea-idea yang menekankan sentraliti gen dalam evolusi? || Richard Dawkins", {"qas": [{"question": "In what time span were the theories to integrate molecular genetic with Darwinian evolution developed?", "id": "56f89cb39e9bad19000a01c7", "answers": [{"text": "the 1930s and 1940s", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the theories that integrate molecular genetics with Darwinian evolution called?", "id": "56f89cb39e9bad19000a01c8", "answers": [{"text": "the modern evolutionary synthesis", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who proposed an evolutionary concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection?", "id": "56f89cb39e9bad19000a01c9", "answers": [{"text": "George C. Williams", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the definition of the concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection?", "id": "56f89cb39e9bad19000a01ca", "answers": [{"text": "\"that which segregates and recombines with appreciable frequency.\"", "answer_start": 404}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who popularized ideas emphasizing the centrality of genes in evolution?", "id": "56f89cb39e9bad19000a01cb", "answers": [{"text": "Richard Dawkins", "answer_start": 659}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The theories developed in the 1930s and 1940s to integrate molecular genetics with Darwinian evolution are called the modern evolutionary synthesis, a term introduced by Julian Huxley. Evolutionary biologists subsequently refined this concept, such as George C. Williams' gene-centric view of evolution. He proposed an evolutionary concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection with the definition: \"that which segregates and recombines with appreciable frequency.\":24 In this view, the molecular gene transcribes as a unit, and the evolutionary gene inherits as a unit. Related ideas emphasizing the centrality of genes in evolution were popularized by Richard Dawkins."}], ["Gen adalah lokus (atau rantau) DNA yang mengodkan produk RNA atau protein berfungsi, dan merupakan unit keturunan molekul. GGosari Penyebaran gen kepada anak-anak organisme adalah asas warisan ciri-ciri fenotip. Kebanyakan sifat biologi berada di bawah pengaruh polygenes (banyak gen yang berbeza) serta interaksi gen-alam sekitar. Sesetengah ciri genetik dapat dilihat dengan jelas, seperti warna mata atau bilangan anggota badan, dan sesetengahnya tidak, seperti jenis darah, risiko penyakit tertentu, atau beribu-ribu proses biokimia asas yang terdiri daripada kehidupan. <> Apakah gen? || sebuah lokus (atau rantau) DNA yang mengkodekan suatu RNA berfungsi atau produk protein <> Apakah asas warisan sifat fenotip? || Penyebaran gen kepada keturunan organisme <> Apa pengaruh yang paling sifat biologi di bawah? || polygenes (banyak gen yang berlainan) <> Apakah satu sifat genetik yang dapat dilihat secara langsung? || warna mata atau bilangan anggota badan <> Apakah satu sifat genetik yang tidak dapat dilihat? || jenis darah, risiko penyakit tertentu, atau beribu-ribu proses biokimia asas yang terdiri daripada kehidupan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a gene?", "id": "56f88b90aef2371900626166", "answers": [{"text": "a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the basis of inheritance of phenotypic traits?", "id": "56f88b90aef2371900626167", "answers": [{"text": "The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What influence are most biological traits under?", "id": "56f88b90aef2371900626168", "answers": [{"text": "polygenes (many different genes)", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one instantly visible genetic trait?", "id": "56f88b90aef2371900626169", "answers": [{"text": "eye colour or number of limbs", "answer_start": 423}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one invisible genetic trait?", "id": "56f88b90aef237190062616a", "answers": [{"text": "blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life", "answer_start": 480}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\nA gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity.:Glossary The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene\u2013environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life."}], ["Kemajuan dalam memahami gen dan warisan berterusan sepanjang abad ke-20. Asid deoxyribonucleic (DNA) ditunjukkan sebagai repositori molekul maklumat genetik oleh eksperimen pada tahun 1940-an hingga 1950-an. Struktur DNA dikaji oleh Rosalind Franklin menggunakan kristalografi sinar-X, yang menyebabkan James D. Watson dan Francis Crick menerbitkan model molekul DNA dua stranded yang asas nukleotida dipasangkan menunjukkan hipotesis yang menarik untuk mekanisme replikasi genetik. Secara kolektif, badan penyelidikan ini menubuhkan dogma pusat biologi molekul, yang menyatakan bahawa protein diterjemahkan daripada RNA, yang ditranskripsikan dari DNA. Dogma ini telah terbukti mempunyai pengecualian, seperti transkripsi terbalik dalam retrovirus. Kajian moden mengenai genetik pada tahap DNA dikenali sebagai genetik molekul. <> Apa yang ditunjukkan sebagai repositori molekul maklumat genetik oleh eksperimen pada tahun 1940-an hingga 1950-an? || Asid deoxyribonucleic (DNA) <> Siapa yang mengkaji struktur DNA menggunakan kristalografi sinar-x? || Rosalind Franklin <> Apa dua saintis menerbitkan satu model molekul DNA terkandas dua? || James D. Watson dan Francis Crick <> Apakah satu pengecualian terhadap dogma pusat biologi molekul? || transkripsi terbalik dalam retrovirus <> Apa kajian moden tentang genetik pada tahap DNA yang dikenali sebagai? || genetik molekul", {"qas": [{"question": "What was shown to be the molecular repository of genetic information by experiments in the 1940s to 1950s?", "id": "56f8997b9b226e1400dd0c93", "answers": [{"text": "Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who studied the structure of DNA using x-ray crystallography?", "id": "56f8997b9b226e1400dd0c94", "answers": [{"text": "Rosalind Franklin", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two scientists published a model of the double stranded DNA molecule?", "id": "56f8997b9b226e1400dd0c95", "answers": [{"text": "James D. Watson and Francis Crick", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one exception to the central dogma of molecular biology?", "id": "56f8997b9b226e1400dd0c96", "answers": [{"text": "reverse transcription in retroviruses", "answer_start": 736}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the modern study of genetics at the level of DNA known as?", "id": "56f8997b9b226e1400dd0c97", "answers": [{"text": "molecular genetics", "answer_start": 836}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Advances in understanding genes and inheritance continued throughout the 20th century. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was shown to be the molecular repository of genetic information by experiments in the 1940s to 1950s. The structure of DNA was studied by Rosalind Franklin using X-ray crystallography, which led James D. Watson and Francis Crick to publish a model of the double-stranded DNA molecule whose paired nucleotide bases indicated a compelling hypothesis for the mechanism of genetic replication. Collectively, this body of research established the central dogma of molecular biology, which states that proteins are translated from RNA, which is transcribed from DNA. This dogma has since been shown to have exceptions, such as reverse transcription in retroviruses. The modern study of genetics at the level of DNA is known as molecular genetics."}], ["Kewujudan unit yang diwariskan diskrit telah dicadangkan oleh Gregor Mendel (1822-1884). Dari tahun 1857 hingga 1864, beliau mempelajari corak warisan dalam 8000 tumbuhan kacang boleh dimakan umum, menjejaki ciri-ciri yang berbeza dari ibu bapa kepada anak-anak. Beliau menerangkan secara matematik sebagai kombinasi 2n di mana n adalah bilangan ciri yang berbeza dalam kacang asli. Walaupun dia tidak menggunakan istilah gen, dia menerangkan hasilnya dari segi unit warisan yang diskrit yang menimbulkan ciri fizikal yang boleh dilihat. Huraian ini menggambarkan perbezaan antara genotip (bahan genetik organisma) dan fenotip (ciri-ciri yang dilihat dari organisma itu). Mendel juga merupakan yang pertama untuk menunjukkan pelbagai bebas, perbezaan antara ciri-ciri dominan dan resesif, perbezaan antara heterozygote dan homozygote, dan fenomena warisan yang tidak berterusan. <> Siapa yang pertama mencadangkan kewujudan unit yang boleh disebarkan secara diskret? || Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) <> Jika sifat yang berbeza dalam tumbuh-tumbuhan kacang yang boleh dimakan secara matematik digambarkan sebagai kombinasi 2n, apa n mewakili? || n adalah bilangan ciri-ciri yang berbeza dalam kacang asal <> Apa salah satu perkara yang Gregor Mendel adalah yang pertama menunjukkan? || macam bebas <> Apa lagi perkara yang Gregor Mendel adalah yang pertama menunjukkan? || perbezaan antara ciri-ciri dominan dan resesif <> Apa yang Gregor Mendel menjelaskan hasilnya dari segi? || unit warisan diskret yang menimbulkan ciri fizikal yang boleh dilihat", {"qas": [{"question": "Who first suggested the existence of discrete inheritable units?", "id": "56f895849e9bad19000a0181", "answers": [{"text": "Gregor Mendel (1822\u20131884)", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If a distinct trait in edible pea plants is mathematically described as a 2n combination, what does n represent? ", "id": "56f895849e9bad19000a0182", "answers": [{"text": "n is the number of differing characteristics in the original peas", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one thing that Gregor Mendel was the first to demonstrate?", "id": "56f895849e9bad19000a0183", "answers": [{"text": "independent assortment", "answer_start": 705}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another thing that Gregor Mendel was the first to demonstrate?", "id": "56f895849e9bad19000a0184", "answers": [{"text": "the distinction between dominant and recessive traits", "answer_start": 729}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Gregor Mendel explain his results in terms of?", "id": "56f895849e9bad19000a0185", "answers": [{"text": "discrete inherited units that give rise to observable physical characteristics", "answer_start": 432}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The existence of discrete inheritable units was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822\u20131884). From 1857 to 1864, he studied inheritance patterns in 8000 common edible pea plants, tracking distinct traits from parent to offspring. He described these mathematically as 2n combinations where n is the number of differing characteristics in the original peas. Although he did not use the term gene, he explained his results in terms of discrete inherited units that give rise to observable physical characteristics. This description prefigured the distinction between genotype (the genetic material of an organism) and phenotype (the visible traits of that organism). Mendel was also the first to demonstrate independent assortment, the distinction between dominant and recessive traits, the distinction between a heterozygote and homozygote, and the phenomenon of discontinuous inheritance."}], ["Manakala kromosom prokariot adalah agak gen-padat, mereka eukariot sering mengandungi kawasan DNA yang tidak berfungsi dengan jelas. Eukariot bersel tunggal mudah mempunyai sejumlah kecil DNA sedemikian, sedangkan genom organisma multiselular kompleks, termasuk manusia, mengandungi majoriti mutlak DNA tanpa fungsi yang dikenalpasti. DNA ini sering dirujuk sebagai \"DNA sampah\". Walau bagaimanapun, analisis yang lebih baru-baru ini mencadangkan bahawa, walaupun protein pengekodan DNA membentuk hampir 2% daripada genom manusia, kira-kira 80% daripada pangkalan genom boleh dinyatakan, jadi istilah \"DNA sampah\" boleh menjadi salah faham. <> Apakah jenis organisma mempunyai kromosom padat gen agak? || prokariota <> Kawasan DNA yang tidak berfungsi dengan jelas sering dijumpai dalam jenis organisma apa? || eukariot <> Apa yang disebut sebagai \"DNA sampah\"? || DNA tanpa fungsi yang dikenal pasti <> Sebanyak peratus genom manusia diperbuat daripada protein pengekodan DNA? || hampir 2% <> Apakah peratusan asas dalam genom manusia dinyatakan dengan pengekodan protein DNA || kira-kira 80%", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of organism has relatively gene dense chromosomes?", "id": "56f8a97a9e9bad19000a0285", "answers": [{"text": "prokaryotes", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Regions of DNA that serve no obvious function are often found in what type of organism?", "id": "56f8a97a9e9bad19000a0286", "answers": [{"text": "eukaryotes", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is referred to as \"junk DNA\"?", "id": "56f8a97a9e9bad19000a0287", "answers": [{"text": "DNA without an identified function", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the human genome is made of protein coding DNA?", "id": "56f8a97a9e9bad19000a0288", "answers": [{"text": "barely 2%", "answer_start": 496}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of bases in the human genome are expressed by protein coding DNA", "id": "56f8a97a9e9bad19000a0289", "answers": [{"text": "about 80%", "answer_start": 527}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Whereas the chromosomes of prokaryotes are relatively gene-dense, those of eukaryotes often contain regions of DNA that serve no obvious function. Simple single-celled eukaryotes have relatively small amounts of such DNA, whereas the genomes of complex multicellular organisms, including humans, contain an absolute majority of DNA without an identified function. This DNA has often been referred to as \"junk DNA\". However, more recent analyses suggest that, although protein-coding DNA makes up barely 2% of the human genome, about 80% of the bases in the genome may be expressed, so the term \"junk DNA\" may be a misnomer."}], ["Struktur gen terdiri daripada banyak unsur yang mana urutan pengekodan protein sebenarnya seringkali hanya sebahagian kecil. Ini termasuk kawasan DNA yang tidak ditranskripsikan dan kawasan RNA yang tidak diterjemahkan. <> Selalunya, berapa besar sebahagian daripada struktur gen adalah urutan pengekodan protein? || sering hanya sebahagian kecil <> Apa yang sering memainkan hanya sebahagian kecil dalam struktur gen? || urutan protein pengekstrakan sebenar <> Apakah salah satu dari banyak unsur yang membentuk struktur gen? || Kawasan DNA yang tidak ditranskripsikan <> Apakah unsur lain dalam struktur gen? || kawasan yang tidak diterjemahkan daripada RNA <> Unsur-unsur apa struktur gen yang terdiri daripada? || Kawasan DNA yang tidak ditranskrit dan kawasan RNA yang tidak diterjemahkan", {"qas": [{"question": "Often, how large a part of the structure of a gene is the protein coding sequence?", "id": "56f8ae169e9bad19000a02f5", "answers": [{"text": "often only a small part", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What often plays only a small part in the structure of a gene? ", "id": "56f8ae169e9bad19000a02f6", "answers": [{"text": "the actual protein coding sequence", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one of the many elements that the structure of a gene consists of?", "id": "56f8ae169e9bad19000a02f7", "answers": [{"text": "DNA regions that are not transcribed", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another element of the structure of a gene?", "id": "56f8ae169e9bad19000a02f8", "answers": [{"text": "untranslated regions of the RNA", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What elements does the structure of a gene consist of?", "id": "56f8ae169e9bad19000a02f9", "answers": [{"text": "DNA regions that are not transcribed as well as untranslated regions of the RNA", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The structure of a gene consists of many elements of which the actual protein coding sequence is often only a small part. These include DNA regions that are not transcribed as well as untranslated regions of the RNA."}], ["Di samping itu, gen boleh mempunyai kawasan pengawalseliaan banyak kilobases hulu atau hilir bingkai bacaan terbuka. Perbuatan ini dengan mengikat kepada faktor transkripsi yang kemudiannya menyebabkan DNA menjadi gelung sehingga urutan pengawalseliaan (dan faktor transkripsi terikat) menjadi dekat dengan tapak pengikat polimerase RNA. Sebagai contoh, peningkat meningkatkan transkripsi dengan mengikat protein pengaktif yang kemudiannya membantu merekrut polimerase RNA kepada penganjur; sebalik penyilang mengikat protein penindas dan menjadikan DNA kurang disediakan untuk polimerase RNA. <> Bagaimana kawasan peraturan bertindak? || dengan mengikat kepada faktor transkripsi <> Apa yang berlaku apabila wilayah pengawalseliaan mengikat faktor transkripsi? || DNA ke gelung <> Bagaimana penambah meningkatkan transkripsi? || dengan mengikat pengaktif protein <> Apa yang berlaku selepas penambah mengikat protein pengaktif? || membantu untuk merekrut polimerase RNA kepada promoter <> Apa yang menyebabkan DNA kurang disediakan untuk polimerase RNA? || penyenyap mengikat protein penindas", {"qas": [{"question": "How do regulatory regions act?", "id": "56f8b1989b226e1400dd0e27", "answers": [{"text": "by binding to transcription factors", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happens when a regulatory region binds to transcription factors?", "id": "56f8b1989b226e1400dd0e28", "answers": [{"text": "the DNA to loop", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do enhancers increase transcription?", "id": "56f8b1989b226e1400dd0e29", "answers": [{"text": "by binding an activator protein", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happens after an enhancer binds an activator protein?", "id": "56f8b1989b226e1400dd0e2a", "answers": [{"text": "helps to recruit the RNA polymerase to the promoter", "answer_start": 395}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What causes DNA to be less available for RNA polymerase?", "id": "56f8b1989b226e1400dd0e2b", "answers": [{"text": "silencers bind repressor proteins", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Additionally, genes can have regulatory regions many kilobases upstream or downstream of the open reading frame. These act by binding to transcription factors which then cause the DNA to loop so that the regulatory sequence (and bound transcription factor) become close to the RNA polymerase binding site. For example, enhancers increase transcription by binding an activator protein which then helps to recruit the RNA polymerase to the promoter; conversely silencers bind repressor proteins and make the DNA less available for RNA polymerase."}], ["Jumlah pelengkap gen dalam organisma atau sel dikenali sebagai genomnya, yang mungkin disimpan pada satu atau lebih kromosom. Kromosom terdiri daripada helix DNA tunggal yang panjang, yang beribu-ribu gen dikodkan. Senyawa kromosom di mana gen tertentu terletak dipanggil lokusnya. Setiap lokus mengandungi satu alel gen; Walau bagaimanapun, ahli-ahli populasi mungkin mempunyai alel yang berlainan di lokus, masing-masing dengan urutan gen yang sedikit berbeza. <> Apakah jumlah pelengkap gen dalam organisma atau sel yang dikenali sebagai? || genomnya <> Apa kandungan kromosomnya? || satu helix DNA yang sangat panjang <> Apa yang dikodkan pada kromosom? || beribu-ribu gen <> Apakah rantau kromosom di mana gen tertentu terletak dipanggil? || locus <> Apakah setiap lokus mengandungi? || satu alel gen", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the total complement of genes in an organism or cell known as?", "id": "56f8a3099e9bad19000a0235", "answers": [{"text": "its genome", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does a chromosome consist of?", "id": "56f8a3099e9bad19000a0236", "answers": [{"text": "a single, very long DNA helix", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is encoded on a chromosome?", "id": "56f8a3099e9bad19000a0237", "answers": [{"text": "thousands of genes", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the region of the chromosome at which a particular gene is located called?", "id": "56f8a3099e9bad19000a0238", "answers": [{"text": "its locus", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does each locus contain?", "id": "56f8a3099e9bad19000a0239", "answers": [{"text": "one allele of a gene", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The total complement of genes in an organism or cell is known as its genome, which may be stored on one or more chromosomes. A chromosome consists of a single, very long DNA helix on which thousands of genes are encoded.:4.2 The region of the chromosome at which a particular gene is located is called its locus. Each locus contains one allele of a gene; however, members of a population may have different alleles at the locus, each with a slightly different gene sequence."}], ["Prokariote (bakteria dan archaea) biasanya menyimpan genom mereka pada satu kromosom besar yang melingkar. Begitu juga, beberapa organel eukariotik mengandungi kromosom bulat sisa dengan sebilangan kecil gen. 14.4 Prokariot kadang-kadang menambah kromosom mereka dengan bulatan kecil tambahan DNA yang dipanggil plasmid, yang biasanya menyandi hanya beberapa gen dan boleh dipindahmilik antara individu. Sebagai contoh, gen untuk rintangan antibiotik biasanya dikodkan pada plasmid bakteria dan boleh dilalui di antara sel individu, malah spesies yang berlainan, melalui pemindahan gen mendatar. <> Apa prokariot? || bakteria dan archaea <> Bagaimana prokariota menyimpan genom mereka? || pada satu kromosom besar, bulat <> Apa jenis kromosom yang mengandungi beberapa eukaryotic organelles mengandungi? || kromosom bulat sisa dengan sebilangan kecil gen <> Bulatan kecil DNA yang menyandarkan hanya beberapa gen dan boleh dipindahmilik antara individu dipanggil apa? || plasmid <> Apa yang membolehkan gen untuk tahan rintangan antibiotik di antara sel-sel individu? || pemindahan gen mendatar", {"qas": [{"question": "What are prokaryotes?", "id": "56f8a7409b226e1400dd0d5b", "answers": [{"text": "bacteria and archaea", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do prokaryotes store their genomes?", "id": "56f8a7409b226e1400dd0d5c", "answers": [{"text": "on a single large, circular chromosome", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of chromosome do some eukaryotic organelles contain?", "id": "56f8a7409b226e1400dd0d5d", "answers": [{"text": "a remnant circular chromosome with a small number of genes", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Small circles of DNA that encode only a few genes and are transferable between individuals are called what?", "id": "56f8a7409b226e1400dd0d5e", "answers": [{"text": "plasmids", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What allows genes for antibiotic resistance to be passed between individual cells?", "id": "56f8a7409b226e1400dd0d5f", "answers": [{"text": "horizontal gene transfer", "answer_start": 572}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) typically store their genomes on a single large, circular chromosome. Similarly, some eukaryotic organelles contain a remnant circular chromosome with a small number of genes.:14.4 Prokaryotes sometimes supplement their chromosome with additional small circles of DNA called plasmids, which usually encode only a few genes and are transferable between individuals. For example, the genes for antibiotic resistance are usually encoded on bacterial plasmids and can be passed between individual cells, even those of different species, via horizontal gene transfer."}], ["Pertama, mengapit bingkai bacaan terbuka, semua gen mengandungi urutan peraturan yang diperlukan untuk ekspresi mereka. Untuk dinyatakan, gen memerlukan urutan promoter. Promoter diiktiraf dan terikat oleh faktor transkripsi dan polimerase RNA untuk memulakan transkripsi. 7.1 Gen boleh mempunyai lebih daripada satu penganjur, yang mengakibatkan RNA utusan (mRNA) yang berbeza sejauh mana ia dapat dicapai pada akhir 5 '. Kawasan promoter mempunyai urutan konsensus, namun gen yang sangat transkripsi mempunyai urutan promoter yang \"kuat\" yang mengikat jentera transkripsi dengan baik, sementara yang lain mempunyai promotor yang \"lemah\" yang mengikat dengan buruk dan memulakan transkripsi kurang kerap .:7.2 Wilayah promotor Eukariotik jauh lebih rumit dan sukar untuk mengenal pasti daripada para promoter prokariotik .:7.3 <> Apakah semua gen yang diperlukan untuk ekspresi mereka? || urutan peraturan <> Bagaimana urutan promoter diiktiraf? || oleh faktor transkripsi dan polimerase RNA <> Apa yang menyebabkan gen mempunyai lebih daripada satu penganjur? || RNA utusan (mRNA) yang berbeza sejauh mana ia dilanjutkan pada 5 'akhir <> Apa urutan promoter yang \"kuat\" lakukan? || mengikat jentera transkripsi dengan baik <> Apa urutan promotor \"lemah\" lakukan? || mengikat dengan kurang dan memulakan transkripsi kurang kerap", {"qas": [{"question": "What do all genes contain that is required for their expression?", "id": "56f8af2b9e9bad19000a0309", "answers": [{"text": "a regulatory sequence", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is a promoter sequence recognized?", "id": "56f8af2b9e9bad19000a030a", "answers": [{"text": "by transcription factors and RNA polymerase", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What results when genes have more than one promoter?", "id": "56f8af2b9e9bad19000a030b", "answers": [{"text": "messenger RNAs (mRNA) that differ in how far they extend in the 5' end", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does a \"strong\" promoter sequence do?", "id": "56f8af2b9e9bad19000a030c", "answers": [{"text": "bind the transcription machinery well", "answer_start": 534}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does a \"weak\" promoter sequence do?", "id": "56f8af2b9e9bad19000a030d", "answers": [{"text": "bind poorly and initiate transcription less frequently", "answer_start": 615}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Firstly, flanking the open reading frame, all genes contain a regulatory sequence that is required for their expression. In order to be expressed, genes require a promoter sequence. The promoter is recognized and bound by transcription factors and RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.:7.1 A gene can have more than one promoter, resulting in messenger RNAs (mRNA) that differ in how far they extend in the 5' end. Promoter regions have a consensus sequence, however highly transcribed genes have \"strong\" promoter sequences that bind the transcription machinery well, whereas others have \"weak\" promoters that bind poorly and initiate transcription less frequently.:7.2 Eukaryotic promoter regions are much more complex and difficult to identify than prokaryotic promoters.:7.3"}], ["Ekspresi gen yang dikodkan dalam DNA bermula dengan menyalin gen ke RNA, sejenis asid nukleik kedua yang sangat mirip dengan DNA, tetapi monomernya mengandungi ribosa gula dan bukannya deoxyribose. RNA juga mengandungi uracil asas sebagai pengganti timin. Molekul RNA kurang stabil daripada DNA dan biasanya terkandas. Gen-gen yang menyandikan protein terdiri daripada satu siri tiga-nukleotida yang dipanggil codon, yang berfungsi sebagai \"kata\" dalam \"bahasa\" genetik. Kod genetik menentukan korespondensi semasa terjemahan protein antara kodon dan asid amino. Kod genetik hampir sama untuk semua organisma yang diketahui.4.1 <> Bagaimana ekspresi gen yang dikodkan dalam DNA bermula? || dengan menyalin gen ke RNA <> Apakah RNA? || sejenis asid nukleik kedua yang sangat serupa dengan DNA <> Apakah asas RNA mempunyai pengganti timin? || dasar uracil <> Apakah kodon? || satu siri tiga-nukleotida urutan <> Apa yang menentukan korespondensi antara kodon dan asid amino semasa terjemahan protein? || Kod genetik", {"qas": [{"question": "How does the expression of genes encoded in DNA begin?", "id": "56f8a1fa9e9bad19000a0211", "answers": [{"text": "by transcribing the gene into RNA", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is RNA?", "id": "56f8a1fa9e9bad19000a0212", "answers": [{"text": "a second type of nucleic acid that is very similar to DNA", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What base does RNA have in place of thymine?", "id": "56f8a1fa9e9bad19000a0213", "answers": [{"text": "the base uracil", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are codons?", "id": "56f8a1fa9e9bad19000a0214", "answers": [{"text": "a series of three-nucleotide sequences", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What specifies the correspondence between codons and amino acids during protein translation?", "id": "56f8a1fa9e9bad19000a0215", "answers": [{"text": "The genetic code", "answer_start": 489}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The expression of genes encoded in DNA begins by transcribing the gene into RNA, a second type of nucleic acid that is very similar to DNA, but whose monomers contain the sugar ribose rather than deoxyribose. RNA also contains the base uracil in place of thymine. RNA molecules are less stable than DNA and are typically single-stranded. Genes that encode proteins are composed of a series of three-nucleotide sequences called codons, which serve as the \"words\" in the genetic \"language\". The genetic code specifies the correspondence during protein translation between codons and amino acids. The genetic code is nearly the same for all known organisms.:4.1"}], ["Oleh kerana komposisi kimia sisa-sisa pentosa pangkalannya, helai DNA mempunyai arah. Satu hujung polimer DNA mengandungi kumpulan hidroksil terdedah pada deoxyribose; ini dikenali sebagai 3 'akhir molekul. Akhir lain mengandungi kumpulan fosfat yang terdedah; ini adalah akhir 5 '. Dua helai dua heliks berlari ke arah yang bertentangan. Sintesis asid nukleat, termasuk replikasi dan transkripsi DNA berlaku dalam arah 5 '\u2192 3', kerana nukleotida baru ditambah melalui tindak balas dehidrasi yang menggunakan hidroksil terdedah 3 'sebagai nukleofil. 27.2 <> Apa yang menyebabkan arahan gelombang DNA ? || komposisi kimia sisa pentosa pangkalan <> Apa yang dikenali sebagai akhir 3 '? || kumpulan hidroksil terdedah pada deoxyribose <> Apa yang dikenali sebagai akhir 5 '? || satu kumpulan fosfat terdedah <> Apakah jenis sintesis yang berlaku dalam arah 5 '\u2192 3'? || Sintesis asid nukleik <> Mengapa replikasi dan transkripsi DNA berlaku dalam arah 5 '\u2192 3'? || kerana nukleotida baru ditambah melalui tindak balas dehidrasi yang menggunakan hidroksil 3 'terdedah sebagai nukleofil", {"qas": [{"question": "What causes the directionality of DNA strands?", "id": "56f8a0dd9e9bad19000a0207", "answers": [{"text": "the chemical composition of the pentose residues of the bases", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is known as the 3' end?", "id": "56f8a0dd9e9bad19000a0208", "answers": [{"text": "an exposed hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is known as the 5' end?", "id": "56f8a0dd9e9bad19000a0209", "answers": [{"text": "an exposed phosphate group", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of synthesis occurs in the 5'\u21923' direction?", "id": "56f8a0dd9e9bad19000a020a", "answers": [{"text": "Nucleic acid synthesis", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why does DNA replication and transcription occur in the 5'\u21923' direction?", "id": "56f8a0dd9e9bad19000a020b", "answers": [{"text": "because new nucleotides are added via a dehydration reaction that uses the exposed 3' hydroxyl as a nucleophile", "answer_start": 460}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Due to the chemical composition of the pentose residues of the bases, DNA strands have directionality. One end of a DNA polymer contains an exposed hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose; this is known as the 3' end of the molecule. The other end contains an exposed phosphate group; this is the 5' end. The two strands of a double-helix run in opposite directions. Nucleic acid synthesis, including DNA replication and transcription occurs in the 5'\u21923' direction, because new nucleotides are added via a dehydration reaction that uses the exposed 3' hydroxyl as a nucleophile.:27.2"}], ["Dua rantai twist DNA antara satu sama lain untuk membentuk helix double DNA dengan tulang belakang fosfat-gula melingkar di luar, dan asas menunjuk ke dalam dengan pasangan asas adenin kepada timin dan guanine kepada sitosin. Kekhususan pasangan asas berlaku kerana adenina dan timina menjinakkan membentuk dua ikatan hidrogen, sedangkan sitosin dan guanine membentuk tiga ikatan hidrogen. Oleh itu, kedua-dua helai dalam helix berganda mestilah saling melengkapi, dengan urutan asasnya sepadan dengan sedemikian rupa sehingga adenin satu helai dipasangkan dengan timah dari helai lain, dan sebagainya.:4.1 <> Apakah tulang belakang DNA helix double terbuat dari? || fosfat-gula <> Apakah pasangan asas dengan timin? || adenine <> Apa asas pasangan guanine? || cytosine <> Apa yang menyebabkan kekhasan pasangan asas? || adenina dan timina bertalai membentuk dua ikatan hidrogen, sedangkan sitosin dan guanin membentuk tiga ikatan hidrogen <> Oleh sebab penyebab spesifikasi pasangan asas, apa yang perlu berlaku bagi dua helai dalam helix berganda? || Oleh itu, dua helai dalam helix berganda perlu menjadi pelengkap", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the backbone of a DNA double helix made of?", "id": "56f89fc39b226e1400dd0ce9", "answers": [{"text": "phosphate-sugar", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What base pairs with thymine?", "id": "56f89fc39b226e1400dd0cea", "answers": [{"text": "adenine", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What base does guanine pair with?", "id": "56f89fc39b226e1400dd0ceb", "answers": [{"text": "cytosine", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What causes the specificity of base pairing?", "id": "56f89fc39b226e1400dd0cec", "answers": [{"text": "adenine and thymine align form two hydrogen bonds, whereas cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Due to the cause of the specificity of base pairing, what must be true of the two strands in a double helix?", "id": "56f89fc39b226e1400dd0ced", "answers": [{"text": "The two strands in a double helix must therefore be complementary", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Two chains of DNA twist around each other to form a DNA double helix with the phosphate-sugar backbone spiralling around the outside, and the bases pointing inwards with adenine base pairing to thymine and guanine to cytosine. The specificity of base pairing occurs because adenine and thymine align form two hydrogen bonds, whereas cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds. The two strands in a double helix must therefore be complementary, with their sequence of bases matching such that the adenines of one strand are paired with the thymines of the other strand, and so on.:4.1"}], ["Majoriti gen eukariotik disimpan pada satu set kromosom besar dan linier. Kromosom dibungkus dalam nukleus dalam kompleks dengan protein penyimpanan yang dipanggil histon untuk membentuk satu unit yang dipanggil nukleosom. DNA yang dibungkus dan terkondensasi dengan cara ini dinamakan chromatin.:4.2 Cara DNA yang disimpan di histones, serta pengubahsuaian kimia histon itu sendiri, mengawal selia sama ada rantau DNA tertentu boleh diakses untuk ekspresi gen. Sebagai tambahan kepada gen, kromosom eukariotik mengandungi urutan yang terlibat dalam memastikan DNA disalin tanpa degradasi kawasan akhir dan disusun ke dalam sel anak perempuan semasa pembahagian sel: asal-usul replikasi, telomer dan centromere.:4.2 Asal-usul replikasi adalah kawasan urutan di mana replikasi DNA dimulakan untuk membuat dua salinan kromosom. Telomeres panjangnya beransur-ansur berurutan berulang yang menutup hujung kromosom linear dan menghalang degradasi pengkodan dan kawasan pengawalseliaan semasa replikasi DNA. Panjang telomer berkurang setiap kali genom direplikasi dan telah terlibat dalam proses penuaan. Centromere diperlukan untuk mengikat gentian gelendong untuk menghidupkan kromatid kakak ke dalam sel anak perempuan semasa pembahagian sel. 18.2 <> Di mana majoriti gen eukariotik disimpan? || pada set kromosom besar, linear <> Kromosom yang dibungkus dalam nukleus dalam kompleks dengan histon dipanggil apa? || nukleosome <> Apakah cara penyimpanan DNA pada histone dan pengubahsuaian kimia histon itu sendiri mengawal? || sama ada rantau tertentu DNA boleh diakses untuk ekspresi gen <> Apakah asal usul replikasi? || kawasan di mana replikasi DNA dimulakan untuk membuat dua salinan kromosom <> Panjangnya urutan berulang yang menutup hujung kromosom linear dipanggil apa? || Telomeres", {"qas": [{"question": "Where are the majority of eukaryotic genes stored?", "id": "56f8a4cf9b226e1400dd0d29", "answers": [{"text": "on a set of large, linear chromosomes", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Chromosomes that are packed within the nucleus in complex with histones are called what?", "id": "56f8a4cf9b226e1400dd0d2a", "answers": [{"text": "a nucleosome", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the manner of DNA storage on the histone and the chemical modifications of the histone itself regulate?", "id": "56f8a4cf9b226e1400dd0d2b", "answers": [{"text": "whether a particular region of DNA is accessible for gene expression", "answer_start": 395}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are replication origins?", "id": "56f8a4cf9b226e1400dd0d2c", "answers": [{"text": "regions where DNA replication is initiated to make two copies of the chromosome", "answer_start": 752}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Long stretches of repetitive sequence that cap the ends of the linear chromosomes are called what?", "id": "56f8a4cf9b226e1400dd0d2d", "answers": [{"text": "Telomeres", "answer_start": 833}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The majority of eukaryotic genes are stored on a set of large, linear chromosomes. The chromosomes are packed within the nucleus in complex with storage proteins called histones to form a unit called a nucleosome. DNA packaged and condensed in this way is called chromatin.:4.2 The manner in which DNA is stored on the histones, as well as chemical modifications of the histone itself, regulate whether a particular region of DNA is accessible for gene expression. In addition to genes, eukaryotic chromosomes contain sequences involved in ensuring that the DNA is copied without degradation of end regions and sorted into daughter cells during cell division: replication origins, telomeres and the centromere.:4.2 Replication origins are the sequence regions where DNA replication is initiated to make two copies of the chromosome. Telomeres are long stretches of repetitive sequence that cap the ends of the linear chromosomes and prevent degradation of coding and regulatory regions during DNA replication. The length of the telomeres decreases each time the genome is replicated and has been implicated in the aging process. The centromere is required for binding spindle fibres to separate sister chromatids into daughter cells during cell division.:18.2"}], ["Banyak gen prokariotik disusun menjadi pengendali, dengan banyak urutan pengekodan protein yang ditranskripsikan sebagai satu unit. Produk gen operon biasanya mempunyai fungsi yang berkaitan dan terlibat dalam rangkaian peraturan yang sama .:7.3 <> Apakah gen yang paling prokariotik disusun? || operon <> Apakah pelbagai urutan pengekodan protein disalin seperti? || satu unit <> Apakah jenis fungsi yang ada pada produk gen operon? || fungsi yang berkaitan <> Apakah rangkaian jenis produk yang terlibat dengan gen operon? || rangkaian pengawalan yang sama <> Jenis urutan apa yang biasanya dilakukan gen prokariotik? || pelbagai urutan pengekodan protein", {"qas": [{"question": "What are most prokaryotic genes organized into?", "id": "56f8b42a9b226e1400dd0e6b", "answers": [{"text": "operons", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are multiple protein coding sequences transcribed as?", "id": "56f8b42a9b226e1400dd0e6c", "answers": [{"text": "a unit", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of functions do the products of operon genes typically have?", "id": "56f8b42a9b226e1400dd0e6d", "answers": [{"text": "related functions", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of network are the products of operon genes typically involved with?", "id": "56f8b42a9b226e1400dd0e6e", "answers": [{"text": "the same regulatory network", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of coding sequences do prokaryotic genes typically have?", "id": "56f8b42a9b226e1400dd0e6f", "answers": [{"text": "multiple protein-coding sequences", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many prokaryotic genes are organized into operons, with multiple protein-coding sequences that are transcribed as a unit. The products of operon genes typically have related functions and are involved in the same regulatory network.:7.3"}], ["Kerja awal dalam genetik molekul mencadangkan model bahawa satu gen membuat satu protein. Model ini telah diperhalus sejak penemuan gen yang dapat menyandikan protein berganda oleh splicing dan urutan pengekodan alternatif yang berpecah seksyen pendek merentasi genom yang mRNA digabungkan dengan trans-splicing. <> Model apakah yang dilakukan awal dalam genetik molekul? || model yang satu gen menjadikan satu protein. <> Apakah penemuan yang menyebabkan model satu gen membuat satu protein menjadi halus? || penemuan gen yang boleh menyandikan pelbagai protein <> Bagaimana gen menodakan pelbagai protein? || dengan urutan splicing dan coding alternatif <> Bagaimana urutan splicing dan pengekodan alternatif diedarkan? || berpecah seksyen pendek merentasi genom <> Bagi gen untuk mengodkan pelbagai protein, bagaimanakah mRNA mesti diatur? || disatukan oleh trans-splicing.", {"qas": [{"question": "What model did early work in molecular genetics suggest?", "id": "56f8b7f99e9bad19000a0393", "answers": [{"text": "the model that one gene makes one protein.", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What discovery caused the model that one gene makes one protein to be refined?", "id": "56f8b7f99e9bad19000a0394", "answers": [{"text": "the discovery of genes that can encode multiple proteins", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do genes encode multiple proteins?", "id": "56f8b7f99e9bad19000a0395", "answers": [{"text": "by alternative splicing and coding sequences", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are alternative splicing and coding sequences distributed?", "id": "56f8b7f99e9bad19000a0396", "answers": [{"text": "split in short section across the genome", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In order for a gene to encode multiple proteins, how must its mRNAs be arranged?", "id": "56f8b7f99e9bad19000a0397", "answers": [{"text": "concatenated by trans-splicing.", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Early work in molecular genetics suggested the model that one gene makes one protein. This model has been refined since the discovery of genes that can encode multiple proteins by alternative splicing and coding sequences split in short section across the genome whose mRNAs are concatenated by trans-splicing."}], ["Dalam semua organisma, dua langkah diperlukan untuk membaca maklumat yang dikodkan dalam DNA gen dan menghasilkan protein yang ditentukannya. Pertama, DNA gen ditranskripsikan kepada messenger RNA (mRNA) .: 6.1 Kedua, bahawa mRNA diterjemahkan ke protein .:6.2 Gen pengekodan RNA masih harus melalui langkah pertama, tetapi tidak diterjemahkan ke dalam protein. Proses menghasilkan molekul berfungsi secara biologi sama ada RNA atau protein dipanggil ungkapan gen, dan molekul yang dihasilkan dipanggil produk gen. <> Berapa banyak langkah yang diperlukan untuk membaca maklumat yang dikodkan dalam DNA gen dan menghasilkan protein yang ditentukan? || dua langkah diperlukan <> Apakah langkah pertama untuk membaca maklumat yang dikodkan dalam DNA gen dan menghasilkan protein yang ditentukan? || DNA gen ditranskripsikan kepada messenger RNA (mRNA) <> Apakah langkah kedua untuk membaca maklumat yang dikodkan dalam DNA gen dan menghasilkan protein yang ditentukan? || mRNA diterjemahkan ke protein <> Apa langkah mesti gen pengekodan RNA masih diteruskan? || langkah pertama <> Apakah proses menghasilkan molekul berfungsi secara biologi sama ada RNA atau protein yang dipanggil? || ekspresi gen", {"qas": [{"question": "How many steps are required to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the specified protein?", "id": "56f8ba5a9b226e1400dd0ebb", "answers": [{"text": "two steps are required", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the first step to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the protein it specifies?", "id": "56f8ba5a9b226e1400dd0ebc", "answers": [{"text": "the gene's DNA is transcribed to messenger RNA (mRNA)", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the second step to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the protein it specifies?", "id": "56f8ba5a9b226e1400dd0ebd", "answers": [{"text": "mRNA is translated to protein", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What step must RNA-coding genes still go through?", "id": "56f8ba5a9b226e1400dd0ebe", "answers": [{"text": "the first step", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the process of producing a biologically functional molecule of either RNA or protein called?", "id": "56f8ba5a9b226e1400dd0ebf", "answers": [{"text": "gene expression", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In all organisms, two steps are required to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the protein it specifies. First, the gene's DNA is transcribed to messenger RNA (mRNA).:6.1 Second, that mRNA is translated to protein.:6.2 RNA-coding genes must still go through the first step, but are not translated into protein. The process of producing a biologically functional molecule of either RNA or protein is called gene expression, and the resulting molecule is called a gene product."}], ["Dalam prokariot, transkripsi berlaku di sitoplasma; untuk transkrip yang sangat panjang, terjemahan boleh bermula pada akhir 5 'RNA sementara akhir 3' masih ditranskripsikan. Dalam eukariota, transkripsi berlaku di dalam nukleus, di mana DNA sel disimpan. Molekul RNA yang dihasilkan oleh polimerase dikenali sebagai transkrip utama dan menjalani pengubahsuaian selepas transkrip sebelum dieksport ke sitoplasma untuk diterjemah. Salah satu pengubahsuaian yang dilakukan ialah splicing introns yang merupakan urutan di wilayah transkripsi yang tidak menyandikan protein. Mekanisme splicing alternatif boleh menghasilkan transkrip yang matang dari gen sama yang mempunyai urutan yang berlainan dan dengan itu pengekodan untuk protein yang berlainan. Ini adalah bentuk utama peraturan dalam sel eukariotik dan juga berlaku di beberapa prokariotik .:7.5 <> Di manakah transkripsi berlaku dalam prokariot? || dalam sitoplasma <> Jika transkripsi adalah sangat panjang, di mana pada RNA terjemahan mungkin bermula? || pada akhir 5 'RNA <> Di manakah transkripsi berlaku dalam eukariota? || transkripsi berlaku di dalam nukleus <> Di manakah eukaryote menyimpan DNA sel? || dalam nukleus <> Apakah molekul RNA yang dihasilkan oleh polimerase yang dikenali sebagai? || transkrip utama", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does transcription occur in prokaryotes?", "id": "56f8bd719b226e1400dd0ef7", "answers": [{"text": "in the cytoplasm", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If the transcription is very long, where on the RNA may translation begin?", "id": "56f8bd719b226e1400dd0ef8", "answers": [{"text": "at the 5' end of the RNA", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does transcription occur in eukaryotes?", "id": "56f8bd719b226e1400dd0ef9", "answers": [{"text": "transcription occurs in the nucleus", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does a eukaryote store the cell's DNA?", "id": "56f8bd719b226e1400dd0efa", "answers": [{"text": "in the nucleus", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the RNA molecule produced by the polymerase known as?", "id": "56f8bd719b226e1400dd0efb", "answers": [{"text": "the primary transcript", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the cytoplasm; for very long transcripts, translation may begin at the 5' end of the RNA while the 3' end is still being transcribed. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus, where the cell's DNA is stored. The RNA molecule produced by the polymerase is known as the primary transcript and undergoes post-transcriptional modifications before being exported to the cytoplasm for translation. One of the modifications performed is the splicing of introns which are sequences in the transcribed region that do not encode protein. Alternative splicing mechanisms can result in mature transcripts from the same gene having different sequences and thus coding for different proteins. This is a major form of regulation in eukaryotic cells and also occurs in some prokaryotes.:7.5"}], ["Definisi operasi yang luas kadang-kadang digunakan untuk merangkumi kerumitan fenomena yang pelbagai ini, di mana gen ditakrifkan sebagai kesatuan urutan genomik yang mengodkan satu set yang sepadan dengan produk berfungsi berpotensi bertindih. Takrif ini mengkategorikan gen dengan produk fungsinya (protein atau RNA) daripada lokus DNA spesifik mereka, dengan unsur-unsur pengawalseliaan yang dikelaskan sebagai kawasan yang berkaitan dengan gen. <> Jenis definisi apa yang boleh digunakan untuk memudahkan merangkumi kerumitan fenomena yang pelbagai? || Definisi operasi yang luas <> Apakah definisi operasi luas gen? || satu kesatuan urutan genom yang mengodkan satu set yang koheren mengenai produk berfungsi berpotensi bertindih <> Apakah takrifan biasa bagi gen yang mengkategorikan gen? || Apa yang dimaksud dengan definisi operasi gen gen yang dikategorikan gen? || produk fungsional mereka (protein atau RNA) <> Apakah takrifan operasi yang luas bagi gen mengelaskan sebagai kawasan yang berkaitan dengan gen? || elemen pengawalseliaan", {"qas": [{"question": "What sort of definition can be used to conveniently encompass the complexity of diverse phenomena?", "id": "56f8b9549e9bad19000a03b5", "answers": [{"text": "A broad operational definition", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the broad operational definition of a gene?", "id": "56f8b9549e9bad19000a03b6", "answers": [{"text": "a union of genomic sequences encoding a coherent set of potentially overlapping functional products", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the typical definition of a gene categorize genes by?", "id": "56f8b9549e9bad19000a03b7", "answers": [{"text": "their specific DNA loci", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the broad operational definition of gene categorize genes by?", "id": "56f8b9549e9bad19000a03b8", "answers": [{"text": "their functional products (proteins or RNA)", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the broad operational definition of a gene classify as gene-associated regions?", "id": "56f8b9549e9bad19000a03b9", "answers": [{"text": "regulatory elements", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A broad operational definition is sometimes used to encompass the complexity of these diverse phenomena, where a gene is defined as a union of genomic sequences encoding a coherent set of potentially overlapping functional products. This definition categorizes genes by their functional products (proteins or RNA) rather than their specific DNA loci, with regulatory elements classified as gene-associated regions."}], ["Pra-mRNA yang ditranskripsikan mengandungi wilayah yang tidak diterjemahkan pada kedua-dua hujung yang mengandungi tapak ribosom mengikat, terminator dan mula dan menghentikan kodon. Di samping itu, kebanyakan bingkai bacaan terbuka eukaryotik mengandungi intron yang tidak diterjemahkan yang dikeluarkan sebelum exon diterjemahkan. Urutan di hujung intron, menentukan tapak sambatan untuk menghasilkan mRNA muktamad yang matang yang mengkodekan produk protein atau RNA. <> Apakah pada kedua-dua hujung pra-mRNA yang diterjemahkan? || kawasan yang tidak diterjemahkan <> Di mana tapak ribosom mengikat, terminator dan mula dan menghentikan kodon yang terletak di transkrip pra-mRNA? || kawasan yang tidak diterjemahkan <> Apa yang paling mengandungi bingkai bacaan terbuka eukaryotik? || intrlittlated introns <> Apa yang menentukan tapak sambatan untuk menghasilkan mRNA muktamad matang? || Urutan di hujung introns <> Apa yang mengkodekan protein atau produk RNA? || tapak sambatan untuk menghasilkan mRNA muktamad matang", {"qas": [{"question": "What is at both ends of the transcribed pre-mRNA?", "id": "56f8b2ec9b226e1400dd0e4b", "answers": [{"text": "untranslated regions", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are the ribosome binding site, terminator and start and stop codons located on transcribed pre-mRNA?", "id": "56f8b2ec9b226e1400dd0e4c", "answers": [{"text": "untranslated regions", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do most eukaryotic open reading frames contain?", "id": "56f8b2ec9b226e1400dd0e4d", "answers": [{"text": "untranslated introns", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What dictates the splice sites to generate the final mature mRNA?", "id": "56f8b2ec9b226e1400dd0e4e", "answers": [{"text": "The sequences at the ends of the introns", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What encodes the protein or RNA product?", "id": "56f8b2ec9b226e1400dd0e4f", "answers": [{"text": "the splice sites to generate the final mature mRNA", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The transcribed pre-mRNA contains untranslated regions at both ends which contain a ribosome binding site, terminator and start and stop codons. In addition, most eukaryotic open reading frames contain untranslated introns which are removed before the exons are translated. The sequences at the ends of the introns, dictate the splice sites to generate the final mature mRNA which encodes the protein or RNA product."}], ["Urutan nukleotida DNA gen menentukan urutan asid amino protein melalui kod genetik. Set tiga nukleotida, yang dikenali sebagai kodon, masing-masing sesuai dengan asid amino tertentu.:6 Selain itu, \"codon mula\", dan tiga \"kodon berhenti\" menunjukkan permulaan dan hujung rantau kod pengekodan. Terdapat 64 kodon yang mungkin (empat kemungkinan nukleotida pada setiap tiga kedudukan, maka 43 kodon yang mungkin) dan hanya 20 asid amino standard; maka kod tersebut adalah berlebihan dan kodon berganda dapat menentukan asid amino yang sama. Korespondensi antara kodon dan asid amino hampir universal di antara semua organisma hidup yang diketahui. <> Apa yang menentukan urutan asid amino protein? || Susunan nukleotida DNA gen <> Apakah set tiga nukleotida yang dikenali sebagai? || kodon <> Apakah setiap kodon sepadan? || asid amino tertentu <> Apa yang menunjukkan permulaan dan hujung kawasan pengekodan protein? || \"kodod permulaan\", dan tiga \"kodon berhenti\" <> Berapa banyak kodon yang mungkin ada? || Terdapat 64 kodon yang mungkin (empat kemungkinan nukleotida pada setiap tiga kedudukan, maka 43 kodon mungkin)", {"qas": [{"question": "What specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein?", "id": "56f8bb479b226e1400dd0ec5", "answers": [{"text": "The nucleotide sequence of a gene's DNA", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are sets of three nucleotides known as?", "id": "56f8bb479b226e1400dd0ec6", "answers": [{"text": "codons", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does each codon correspond to?", "id": "56f8bb479b226e1400dd0ec7", "answers": [{"text": "a specific amino acid", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What indicates the beginning and end of the protein coding region?", "id": "56f8bb479b226e1400dd0ec8", "answers": [{"text": "a \"start codon\", and three \"stop codons\"", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many possible codons are there?", "id": "56f8bb479b226e1400dd0ec9", "answers": [{"text": "There are 64 possible codons (four possible nucleotides at each of three positions, hence 43 possible codons)", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The nucleotide sequence of a gene's DNA specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein through the genetic code. Sets of three nucleotides, known as codons, each correspond to a specific amino acid.:6 Additionally, a \"start codon\", and three \"stop codons\" indicate the beginning and end of the protein coding region. There are 64 possible codons (four possible nucleotides at each of three positions, hence 43 possible codons) and only 20 standard amino acids; hence the code is redundant and multiple codons can specify the same amino acid. The correspondence between codons and amino acids is nearly universal among all known living organisms."}], ["Menentukan apa seksyen apa urutan DNA yang terdiri daripada gen adalah sukar. Kawasan pengawalseliaan gen seperti penambah tidak semestinya hampir dengan urutan pengekodan pada molekul linear kerana DNA intervensi dapat dilingkari untuk membawa gen dan kawasan pengawalseliaannya kedekatan. Begitu juga, intron gen boleh jauh lebih besar daripada eksonnya. Kawasan pengawalseliaan juga boleh berada pada kromosom yang sama sekali berbeza dan beroperasi di trans untuk membenarkan kawasan pengawalseliaan pada satu kromosom untuk bersentuhan dengan gen sasaran pada kromosom lain. <> Apakah satu contoh kawasan pengawalseliaan gen yang tidak perlu ditutup dengan urutan pengekodan? || Peningkatan <> Mengapa beberapa kawasan pengawalseliaan gen tidak perlu dekat dengan urutan pengekodan? || kerana DNA intervensi boleh dilingkari untuk membawa gen dan kawasan pengawalseliaannya kedekatan <> Apa bahagian gen yang boleh lebih besar daripada exonnya? || satu intranel gen <> Bagaimana wilayah pengawalseliaan pada kromosom yang berlainan beroperasi untuk membolehkan wilayah pada kromosom yang berbeza untuk bersentuhan dengan satu sama lain? || dalam trans <> Di manakah kawasan pengawalseliaan boleh didapati? || kromosom yang berbeza", {"qas": [{"question": "What is an example of a regulatory region of a gene that does not have to close to the coding sequence?", "id": "56f8b6149b226e1400dd0e8f", "answers": [{"text": "enhancers", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why do some regulatory regions of a gene not have to be close to the coding sequence?", "id": "56f8b6149b226e1400dd0e90", "answers": [{"text": "because the intervening DNA can be looped out to bring the gene and its regulatory region into proximity", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of a gene can be much larger than its exons?", "id": "56f8b6149b226e1400dd0e91", "answers": [{"text": "a gene's introns", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do regulatory regions on different chromosomes operate in order to allow regions on different chromosomes to come into contact with one another?", "id": "56f8b6149b226e1400dd0e92", "answers": [{"text": "in trans", "answer_start": 454}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where can regulatory regions be found?", "id": "56f8b6149b226e1400dd0e93", "answers": [{"text": "different chromosomes", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Defining exactly what section of a DNA sequence comprises a gene is difficult. Regulatory regions of a gene such as enhancers do not necessarily have to be close to the coding sequence on the linear molecule because the intervening DNA can be looped out to bring the gene and its regulatory region into proximity. Similarly, a gene's introns can be much larger than its exons. Regulatory regions can even be on entirely different chromosomes and operate in trans to allow regulatory regions on one chromosome to come in contact with target genes on another chromosome."}], ["Transkripsi menghasilkan molekul RNA tunggal yang dikenal sebagai messenger RNA, yang urutan nukleotida melengkapi dengan DNA yang mana ia telah ditranskrit. 6.1 MRNA berfungsi sebagai perantara antara gen DNA dan produk protein terakhirnya. DNA gen digunakan sebagai templat untuk menghasilkan mRNA pelengkap. MRNA sepadan dengan urutan DNA pengekodan gen gen kerana ia disintesis sebagai pelengkap strand template. Transkripsi dilakukan oleh enzim yang dipanggil polimerase RNA, yang membaca helai templat dalam arah 3 'hingga 5' dan mensintesiskan RNA dari 5 'ke 3'. Untuk memulakan transkripsi, polimerase mula-mula mengenali dan mengikat rantau promoter gen. Oleh itu, satu mekanisme utama pengawalan gen adalah menyekat atau menyingkirkan kawasan promoter, sama ada dengan mengikat ketat oleh molekul penindas yang secara fizikal menghalang polimerase, atau dengan menganjurkan DNA supaya kawasan promoter tidak dapat diakses. transkripsi menghasilkan? || molekul RNA tunggal terkandas yang dikenali sebagai messenger RNA <> Bagaimana susunan nukleotida mRNA berbanding dengan DNA? || pelengkap kepada DNA yang mana ia disalin <> Apa yang digunakan sebagai templat untuk menghasilkan mRNA pelengkap? || DNA gen <> Mengapa mRNA memadankan urutan DNA pengekod DNA gen? || kerana ia disintesis sebagai pelengkap strand template <> Apakah enzim dipanggil yang melakukan transkripsi? || polimerase RNA", {"qas": [{"question": "What does transcription produce?", "id": "56f8bc609b226e1400dd0ee3", "answers": [{"text": "a single-stranded RNA molecule known as messenger RNA", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does the nucleotide sequence of mRNA compare to DNA?", "id": "56f8bc609b226e1400dd0ee4", "answers": [{"text": "complementary to the DNA from which it was transcribed", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is used as a template to generate a complementary mRNA?", "id": "56f8bc609b226e1400dd0ee5", "answers": [{"text": "The gene's DNA", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why does the mRNA match the sequence of the gene's DNA coding strand?", "id": "56f8bc609b226e1400dd0ee6", "answers": [{"text": "because it is synthesised as the complement of the template strand", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the enzyme called that performs transcription?", "id": "56f8bc609b226e1400dd0ee7", "answers": [{"text": "an RNA polymerase", "answer_start": 500}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Transcription produces a single-stranded RNA molecule known as messenger RNA, whose nucleotide sequence is complementary to the DNA from which it was transcribed.:6.1 The mRNA acts as an intermediate between the DNA gene and its final protein product. The gene's DNA is used as a template to generate a complementary mRNA. The mRNA matches the sequence of the gene's DNA coding strand because it is synthesised as the complement of the template strand. Transcription is performed by an enzyme called an RNA polymerase, which reads the template strand in the 3' to 5' direction and synthesizes the RNA from 5' to 3'. To initiate transcription, the polymerase first recognizes and binds a promoter region of the gene. Thus, a major mechanism of gene regulation is the blocking or sequestering the promoter region, either by tight binding by repressor molecules that physically block the polymerase, or by organizing the DNA so that the promoter region is not accessible.:7"}], ["Terjemahan adalah proses yang mana molekul mRNA matang digunakan sebagai templat untuk mensintesis protein baru. 6 Terjemahan diterjemahkan oleh ribosom, kompleks RNA dan protein besar yang bertanggungjawab untuk melakukan tindak balas kimia untuk menambah asid amino baru ke rantaian polipeptida yang semakin meningkat dengan pembentukan ikatan peptida. Kod genetik dibaca tiga nukleotida pada satu masa, dalam unit yang dipanggil kodon, melalui interaksi dengan molekul RNA khusus dipanggil pemindahan RNA (tRNA). Setiap tRNA mempunyai tiga pangkalan yang tidak berpasangan yang dikenali sebagai anticodon yang melengkapi kodon yang dibaca pada mRNA. TRNA juga kovalen melekat pada asid amino yang ditentukan oleh kodon pelengkap. Apabila tRNA mengikat kodon pelengkapnya dalam sehelai mRNA, ribosom melekatkan kargo asid amino ke rantaian polipeptida baru, yang disintesis dari terminal amino ke terminal karboksil. Semasa dan selepas sintesis, kebanyakan protein baru mesti dilipat ke struktur tiga dimensi aktif sebelum mereka boleh menjalankan fungsi selular mereka.33 Apa proses yang mana molekul mRNA matang digunakan sebagai templat untuk mensintesis protein baru dipanggil? || Terjemahan <> Apakah ribosom terdiri daripada? || kompleks kompleks RNA dan protein <> Apakah ribosom yang bertanggungjawab? || menjalankan tindak balas kimia untuk menambah asid amino baru kepada rantaian polipeptida yang semakin berkembang <> Bagaimana kod genetik dibaca? || melalui interaksi dengan molekul RNA khusus dipanggil pemindahan RNA (tRNA) <> Berapa banyak asas yang tidak berpasangan yang setiap tRNA mempunyai? || tiga", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the process by which a mature mRNA molecule is used as a template for synthesizing a new protein called?", "id": "56f8bea09b226e1400dd0f09", "answers": [{"text": "Translation", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does a ribosome consist of?", "id": "56f8bea09b226e1400dd0f0a", "answers": [{"text": "large complexes of RNA and protein", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a ribosome responsible for?", "id": "56f8bea09b226e1400dd0f0b", "answers": [{"text": "carrying out the chemical reactions to add new amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is the genetic code read?", "id": "56f8bea09b226e1400dd0f0c", "answers": [{"text": "via interactions with specialized RNA molecules called transfer RNA (tRNA)", "answer_start": 412}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many unpaired bases does each tRNA have?", "id": "56f8bea09b226e1400dd0f0d", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 502}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Translation is the process by which a mature mRNA molecule is used as a template for synthesizing a new protein.:6.2 Translation is carried out by ribosomes, large complexes of RNA and protein responsible for carrying out the chemical reactions to add new amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain by the formation of peptide bonds. The genetic code is read three nucleotides at a time, in units called codons, via interactions with specialized RNA molecules called transfer RNA (tRNA). Each tRNA has three unpaired bases known as the anticodon that are complementary to the codon it reads on the mRNA. The tRNA is also covalently attached to the amino acid specified by the complementary codon. When the tRNA binds to its complementary codon in an mRNA strand, the ribosome attaches its amino acid cargo to the new polypeptide chain, which is synthesized from amino terminus to carboxyl terminus. During and after synthesis, most new proteins must folds to their active three-dimensional structure before they can carry out their cellular functions.:3"}], ["Organisme mewarisi gen mereka dari ibu bapa mereka. Organisme aseksual hanya mewarisi satu salinan lengkap genom ibu bapa mereka. Organisma seksual mempunyai dua salinan setiap kromosom kerana mereka mewarisi satu set lengkap dari setiap induk. <<Di manakah organisme mewarisi gen mereka? || dari ibu bapa mereka <> Berapa banyak genom organisme aseksual yang diwarisi dari orang tuanya? || salinan lengkap <> Berapa banyak salinan setiap kromosom mempunyai organisme seksual? || dua salinan setiap kromosom <> Berapa banyak set kromosom yang mewarisi organisme seksual daripada setiap ibu bapa? || satu set lengkap dari setiap ibu bapa <> Mengapa organisme seksual mempunyai dua salinan setiap kromosom? || kerana mereka mewarisi satu set lengkap dari setiap ibu bapa", {"qas": [{"question": "Where do organisms inherit their genes from?", "id": "56f8c4f09e9bad19000a0460", "answers": [{"text": "from their parents", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of an asexual organism's genome is inherited from its parents?", "id": "56f8c4f09e9bad19000a0461", "answers": [{"text": "a complete copy", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many copies of each chromosome does a sexual organism have?", "id": "56f8c4f09e9bad19000a0462", "answers": [{"text": "two copies of each chromosome", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many sets of chromosomes does a sexual organism inherit from each parent?", "id": "56f8c4f09e9bad19000a0463", "answers": [{"text": "one complete set from each parent", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why do sexual organisms have two copies of each chromosome?", "id": "56f8c4f09e9bad19000a0464", "answers": [{"text": "because they inherit one complete set from each parent", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Organisms inherit their genes from their parents. Asexual organisms simply inherit a complete copy of their parent's genome. Sexual organisms have two copies of each chromosome because they inherit one complete set from each parent.:1"}], ["Selepas replikasi DNA selesai, sel mesti secara fizikal memisahkan kedua-dua salinan genom dan membahagikan kepada dua sel yang membran membran yang berbeza. 18.2 Dalam prokariota (bakteria dan archaea) ini biasanya berlaku melalui proses yang agak sederhana yang disebut pembelahan binari, di mana setiap genom pekeliling melekat pada membran sel dan dipisahkan ke dalam sel-sel anak perempuan sebagai membran membangkitkan untuk membahagikan sitoplasma menjadi dua bahagian yang membran membran. Pembelahan perduaan sangat cepat berbanding dengan kadar pembahagian sel dalam eukariota. Bahagian sel Eukariotik adalah proses yang lebih kompleks yang dikenali sebagai kitaran sel; Replikasi DNA berlaku semasa fasa kitaran ini dikenali sebagai fasa S, sedangkan proses mengasingkan kromosom dan membelah sitoplasma terjadi semasa f fasa. 18.1 <> Apa satu perkara yang harus dilakukan sel setelah replikasi DNA bersaing? || secara fizikal memisahkan kedua-dua salinan genom <> Apakah satu lagi perkara yang harus dilakukan oleh sel setelah replikasi DNA selesai? || membahagi menjadi dua sel yang membran membran yang berbeza <> Dalam pembelahan binari, bentuk apa yang setiap genom? || pekeliling <> Dalam pembelahan binary. bilakah setiap genom memisahkan sel-sel anak perempuan? || sebagai membran membangkitkan untuk membahagikan sitoplasma <> Berbanding dengan kadar pembahagian sel dalam eukariota, dengan kelajuan apa pembelahan binari berlaku? || sangat cepat", {"qas": [{"question": "What is one thing the cell must do once DNA replication is compete?", "id": "56f8cb819e9bad19000a0504", "answers": [{"text": "physically separate the two copies of the genome", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another thing the cell must do once DNA replication is complete?", "id": "56f8cb819e9bad19000a0505", "answers": [{"text": "divide into two distinct membrane-bound cells", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In binary fission, what shape is each genome?", "id": "56f8cb819e9bad19000a0506", "answers": [{"text": "circular", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In binary fission. when does each genome separate into daughter cells?", "id": "56f8cb819e9bad19000a0507", "answers": [{"text": "as the membrane invaginates to split the cytoplasm", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Compared to the rates of cell division in eukaryotes, with what speed does binary fission occur?", "id": "56f8cb819e9bad19000a0508", "answers": [{"text": "extremely fast", "answer_start": 471}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After DNA replication is complete, the cell must physically separate the two copies of the genome and divide into two distinct membrane-bound cells.:18.2 In prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) this usually occurs via a relatively simple process called binary fission, in which each circular genome attaches to the cell membrane and is separated into the daughter cells as the membrane invaginates to split the cytoplasm into two membrane-bound portions. Binary fission is extremely fast compared to the rates of cell division in eukaryotes. Eukaryotic cell division is a more complex process known as the cell cycle; DNA replication occurs during a phase of this cycle known as S phase, whereas the process of segregating chromosomes and splitting the cytoplasm occurs during M phase.:18.1"}], ["Menurut pewarisan Mendelian, variasi dalam fenotip organisma (ciri-ciri fizikal dan tingkah laku yang boleh dilihat) adalah disebabkan sebahagiannya dalam genotipnya (kumpulan tertentu gen). Setiap gen menentukan sifat tertentu dengan urutan gen yang berlainan (alleles) yang membangkitkan fenotip yang berbeza. Kebanyakan organisma eukariotik (seperti tumbuhan kacang Mendel bekerja pada) mempunyai dua alel untuk setiap ciri, satu diwarisi dari setiap orang induk. 20 <> Menurut warisan Mendelian, apakah bahagian penyebab variasi dalam fenotip organisma? || variasi dalam genotipnya <> Ciri-ciri apa yang digambarkan oleh fenotip organisma? || ciri fizikal dan tingkah laku yang boleh dilihat <> Apakah genotip? || set tertentu gen <> Apa yang menentukan sifat tertentu dengan urutan alel yang berlainan? || Setiap gen <> Berapa banyak alel yang paling banyak mempunyai organisme eukariotik untuk setiap ciri? || dua alel bagi setiap ciri", {"qas": [{"question": "According to Mendelian inheritance, what is part of the cause of variations in an organism's phenotype?", "id": "56f8c6b29b226e1400dd0f95", "answers": [{"text": "variations in its genotype", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of characteristics are described by an organism's phenotype?", "id": "56f8c6b29b226e1400dd0f96", "answers": [{"text": "observable physical and behavioral characteristics", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a genotype?", "id": "56f8c6b29b226e1400dd0f97", "answers": [{"text": "particular set of genes", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What specifies a particular trait with a different sequence of alleles?", "id": "56f8c6b29b226e1400dd0f98", "answers": [{"text": "Each gene", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many alleles do most eukaryotic organisms have for each trait?", "id": "56f8c6b29b226e1400dd0f99", "answers": [{"text": "two alleles for each trait", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to Mendelian inheritance, variations in an organism's phenotype (observable physical and behavioral characteristics) are due in part to variations in its genotype (particular set of genes). Each gene specifies a particular trait with different sequence of a gene (alleles) giving rise to different phenotypes. Most eukaryotic organisms (such as the pea plants Mendel worked on) have two alleles for each trait, one inherited from each parent.:20"}], ["Satu gen khas pengkodan protein pertama disalin ke dalam RNA sebagai perantaraan dalam pembuatan produk protein terakhir.: 6.1 Dalam kes lain, molekul RNA adalah produk berfungsi sebenarnya, seperti dalam sintesis RNA ribosom dan pemindahan RNA. Sesetengah RNA yang dikenali sebagai ribozymes mampu berfungsi enzimatik, dan mikroRNA mempunyai peranan pengawalseliaan. Jujukan DNA yang mana RNA tersebut ditranskripsikan dikenali sebagai gen RNA bukan pengkodan. <> Apa yang pertama disalin ke dalam RNA sebagai perantaraan dalam pembuatan produk protein terakhir? || Gen khas pengekodan protein <> Dalam sesetengah kes, apakah produk fungsian sebenar? || molekul RNA <> Apakah jenis sintesis yang berlaku apabila molekul RNA adalah produk berfungsi? || sintesis RNA ribosom dan pemindahan RNA <> Apa jenis fungsi ribozymes yang mampu? || fungsi enzimatik <> Apakah urutan DNA yang mana ribozim ditranskrikkan dikenali sebagai? || gen RNA bukan pengekodan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is first copied into RNA as an intermediate in the manufacture of the final protein product?", "id": "56f8c1a59e9bad19000a0438", "answers": [{"text": "A typical protein-coding gene", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In some cases, what are the actual functional products?", "id": "56f8c1a59e9bad19000a0439", "answers": [{"text": "the RNA molecules", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of synthesis occurs when the RNA molecules are the actual functional products?", "id": "56f8c1a59e9bad19000a043a", "answers": [{"text": "the synthesis of ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of function are ribozymes capable of?", "id": "56f8c1a59e9bad19000a043b", "answers": [{"text": "enzymatic function", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the DNA sequences from which ribozymes are transcribed known as?", "id": "56f8c1a59e9bad19000a043c", "answers": [{"text": "non-coding RNA genes", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A typical protein-coding gene is first copied into RNA as an intermediate in the manufacture of the final protein product.:6.1 In other cases, the RNA molecules are the actual functional products, as in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA. Some RNAs known as ribozymes are capable of enzymatic function, and microRNA has a regulatory role. The DNA sequences from which such RNAs are transcribed are known as non-coding RNA genes."}], ["Alleles di lokus mungkin dominan atau resesif; alel dominan menimbulkan fenotip yang sama apabila dipasangkan dengan alel lain untuk sifat yang sama, sedangkan alel resesif menimbulkan fenotip yang sama hanya apabila dipasangkan dengan satu lagi alel yang sama. Contohnya, jika alel yang menyatakan batang tinggi dalam tumbuhan kacang adalah dominan atas alel yang menyatakan batang pendek, maka tanaman kacang yang mewarisi satu alel tinggi dari satu orang ibu dan satu alel pendek dari ibu bapa yang lain juga akan mempunyai batang yang tinggi. Kerja-kerja Mendel menunjukkan bahawa alel menyumbang secara bebas dalam pengeluaran gamet, atau sel-sel kuman, memastikan variasi dalam generasi akan datang. Walaupun warisan Mendelian masih menjadi model yang baik untuk pelbagai ciri yang ditentukan oleh gen tunggal (termasuk beberapa gangguan genetik yang terkenal), ia tidak termasuk proses fizikal replikasi DNA dan pembahagian sel. <> Di mana alel boleh didapati untuk menjadi dominan atau resesif? || di lokus <> Apabila berpasangan dengan mana-mana alel lain untuk sifat yang sama, apakah alel yang dominan menimbulkan? || fenotip yang sepadan <> Apabila alel resesif menimbulkan fenotip yang sepadan? || apabila dipasangkan dengan satu lagi alel yang sama <> Bilakah alel menganjurkan secara bebas? || dalam pengeluaran gametes <> Apakah gametes? || sel kuman", {"qas": [{"question": "Where can alleles be located in order to be either dominant or recessive?", "id": "56f8c7b29b226e1400dd0fbd", "answers": [{"text": "at a locus", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When paired with any other allele for the same trait, what do dominant alleles give rise to?", "id": "56f8c7b29b226e1400dd0fbe", "answers": [{"text": "their corresponding phenotypes", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When do recessive alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotype?", "id": "56f8c7b29b226e1400dd0fbf", "answers": [{"text": "when paired with another copy of the same allele", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When do alleles assort independently?", "id": "56f8c7b29b226e1400dd0fc0", "answers": [{"text": "in the production of gametes", "answer_start": 595}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are gametes?", "id": "56f8c7b29b226e1400dd0fc1", "answers": [{"text": "germ cells", "answer_start": 628}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Alleles at a locus may be dominant or recessive; dominant alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotypes when paired with any other allele for the same trait, whereas recessive alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotype only when paired with another copy of the same allele. For example, if the allele specifying tall stems in pea plants is dominant over the allele specifying short stems, then pea plants that inherit one tall allele from one parent and one short allele from the other parent will also have tall stems. Mendel's work demonstrated that alleles assort independently in the production of gametes, or germ cells, ensuring variation in the next generation. Although Mendelian inheritance remains a good model for many traits determined by single genes (including a number of well-known genetic disorders) it does not include the physical processes of DNA replication and cell division."}], ["Sesetengah virus menyimpan keseluruhan genom mereka dalam bentuk RNA, dan tidak mengandungi DNA sama sekali. Kerana mereka menggunakan RNA untuk menyimpan gen, tuan rumah selular mereka boleh mensintesis protein mereka sebaik sahaja mereka dijangkiti dan tanpa penangguhan menunggu transkripsi. Sebaliknya, retrovirus RNA, seperti HIV, memerlukan transkripsi genom mereka dari RNA ke DNA sebelum protein mereka dapat disintesis. Pewarisan epigenetik RNA juga telah diperhatikan dalam tumbuhan dan sangat jarang pada haiwan. <> Dalam bentuk apa yang ada virus menyimpan seluruh genom mereka? || dalam bentuk RNA <> Mengapa tuan rumah selular beberapa virus tidak perlu menunggu transkripsi untuk mensintesis protein mereka? || Kerana mereka menggunakan RNA untuk menyimpan gen <> Apakah satu jenis retrovirus RNA? || HIV <> Apakah jenis transkripsi apakah genom HIV memerlukan sebelum proteinnya dapat disintesis? || transkripsi belakang <> Selain virus, di mana warisan epigenetik yang diwarisi RNA telah diperhatikan? || dalam tumbuh-tumbuhan dan sangat jarang pada haiwan", {"qas": [{"question": "In what form do some viruses store their entire genome?", "id": "56f8c38d9e9bad19000a0456", "answers": [{"text": "in the form of RNA", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why do the cellular hosts of some viruses not have to wait for transcription to synthesize their proteins?", "id": "56f8c38d9e9bad19000a0457", "answers": [{"text": "Because they use RNA to store genes", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one type of an RNA retrovirus?", "id": "56f8c38d9e9bad19000a0458", "answers": [{"text": "HIV", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of transcription does the genome of HIV require before its proteins can be synthesized?", "id": "56f8c38d9e9bad19000a0459", "answers": [{"text": "reverse transcription", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides viruses, where has RNA-mediated epigenetic inheritance been observed?", "id": "56f8c38d9e9bad19000a045a", "answers": [{"text": "in plants and very rarely in animals", "answer_start": 475}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some viruses store their entire genomes in the form of RNA, and contain no DNA at all. Because they use RNA to store genes, their cellular hosts may synthesize their proteins as soon as they are infected and without the delay in waiting for transcription. On the other hand, RNA retroviruses, such as HIV, require the reverse transcription of their genome from RNA into DNA before their proteins can be synthesized. RNA-mediated epigenetic inheritance has also been observed in plants and very rarely in animals."}], ["Pertumbuhan, perkembangan, dan pembiakan organisma bergantung kepada pembahagian sel, atau proses yang mana satu sel membahagikan kepada dua sel anak perempuan yang biasanya sama. Ini memerlukan terlebih dahulu membuat salinan salinan setiap gen dalam genom dalam proses yang dipanggil replikasi DNA.\u00dd.2 Salinan dibuat oleh enzim khusus yang dikenali sebagai polimerase DNA, yang \"membaca\" satu helai DNA double helical, yang dikenali sebagai helai templat, dan mensintesis helai komplementer baru. Kerana heliks ganda DNA diadakan bersama dengan pasangan berpasangan, urutan satu helai sama sekali menentukan urutan pelengkapnya; maka hanya satu helai yang perlu dibaca oleh enzim untuk menghasilkan salinan yang setia. Proses replikasi DNA adalah semikonservatif; iaitu, salinan genom yang diwarisi oleh setiap sel anak perempuan mengandungi satu helai asal dan satu lagi DNA yang disintesis. 45. Apakah pertumbuhan, perkembangan, dan pembiakan organisma bergantung? || pembahagian sel <> Dalam pembahagian sel, apakah dua sel yang dicipta? || sel anak perempuan yang sama <> Apa enzim khusus bertanggungjawab untuk replikasi DNA? || Polimerase DNA <> Mengapakah urutan satu helai lengkap menyatakan urutan pelengkapnya? || Kerana heliks ganda DNA diadakan bersama dengan pasangan berpasangan <> Apa satu perkataan yang mencirikan proses replikasi DNA? || semikonservatif", {"qas": [{"question": "What does the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms rely on?", "id": "56f8c9d29e9bad19000a04f0", "answers": [{"text": "cell division", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In cell division, what two cells are created? ", "id": "56f8c9d29e9bad19000a04f1", "answers": [{"text": "identical daughter cells", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What specialized enzyme is responsible DNA replication?", "id": "56f8c9d29e9bad19000a04f2", "answers": [{"text": "DNA polymerases", "answer_start": 334}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why does the sequence of one strand completely specify the sequence of its complement?", "id": "56f8c9d29e9bad19000a04f3", "answers": [{"text": "Because the DNA double helix is held together by base pairing", "answer_start": 475}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What one word characterizes the process of DNA replication?", "id": "56f8c9d29e9bad19000a04f4", "answers": [{"text": "semiconservative", "answer_start": 733}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The growth, development, and reproduction of organisms relies on cell division, or the process by which a single cell divides into two usually identical daughter cells. This requires first making a duplicate copy of every gene in the genome in a process called DNA replication.:5.2 The copies are made by specialized enzymes known as DNA polymerases, which \"read\" one strand of the double-helical DNA, known as the template strand, and synthesize a new complementary strand. Because the DNA double helix is held together by base pairing, the sequence of one strand completely specifies the sequence of its complement; hence only one strand needs to be read by the enzyme to produce a faithful copy. The process of DNA replication is semiconservative; that is, the copy of the genome inherited by each daughter cell contains one original and one newly synthesized strand of DNA.:5.2"}], ["Gen dikawal supaya ia hanya dinyatakan apabila produk diperlukan, kerana ungkapan menarik sumber yang terhad.:7 Sel mengawal ekspresi gen bergantung kepada persekitaran luarannya (mis. Nutrien yang tersedia, suhu dan tekanan lain), persekitaran dalamannya contohnya kitaran bahagian sel, metabolisme, status jangkitan), dan peranan khususnya jika dalam organisma multiselular. Ekspresi gen boleh dikawal di mana-mana langkah: dari permulaan transkripsi, kepada pemprosesan RNA, kepada pengubahsuaian selepas translasi protein. Peraturan gen metabolisme laktosa dalam E. coli (lac operon) adalah mekanisme pertama yang dijelaskan pada tahun 1961. <> Bilakah gen-gen dinyatakan? || hanya apabila produk diperlukan <> Apakah contoh persekitaran luaran sel? || nutrien yang ada, suhu dan tekanan lain <> Apakah contoh persekitaran dalaman sel? || kitaran bahagian sel, metabolisme, status jangkitan <> Di mana langkah bolehkah ekspresi gen dikawal? || di mana-mana langkah <> Apakah contoh pengubahsuaian selepas translasi protein yang pertama kali diterangkan pada tahun 1961? || Peraturan gen metabolisme laktosa dalam E. coli", {"qas": [{"question": "When are genes expressed?", "id": "56f8c02a9e9bad19000a041a", "answers": [{"text": "only when the product is needed", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are examples of a cell's external environment?", "id": "56f8c02a9e9bad19000a041b", "answers": [{"text": "available nutrients, temperature and other stresses", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are examples of a cell's internal environment?", "id": "56f8c02a9e9bad19000a041c", "answers": [{"text": "cell division cycle, metabolism, infection status", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At which step can gene expression be regulated?", "id": "56f8c02a9e9bad19000a041d", "answers": [{"text": "at any step", "answer_start": 432}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What example of post-translational modification of a protein was first described in 1961?", "id": "56f8c02a9e9bad19000a041e", "answers": [{"text": "The regulation of lactose metabolism genes in E. coli", "answer_start": 548}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Genes are regulated so that they are expressed only when the product is needed, since expression draws on limited resources.:7 A cell regulates its gene expression depending on its external environment (e.g. available nutrients, temperature and other stresses), its internal environment (e.g. cell division cycle, metabolism, infection status), and its specific role if in a multicellular organism. Gene expression can be regulated at any step: from transcriptional initiation, to RNA processing, to post-translational modification of the protein. The regulation of lactose metabolism genes in E. coli (lac operon) was the first such mechanism to be described in 1961."}], ["Semasa proses pembahagian sel meiotik, peristiwa yang dipanggil pengambilan semula genetik atau penyeberangan mungkin kadang-kadang berlaku, di mana panjang DNA pada satu kromatid diganti dengan panjang DNA pada kromatid kakak yang sepadan. Ini tidak memberi kesan sekiranya alel pada kromatid adalah sama, tetapi mengakibatkan pengulangan alel jika tidak berbeza. 56.5 Prinsip Mendelian dari pelbagai bebas menegaskan bahawa setiap dua gen ibu bapa untuk setiap sifatnya akan disusun secara bebas gamet; yang alel suatu organisme yang mewarisi satu ciri tidak berkaitan dengan alel yang diwarisinya untuk sifat lain. Ini sebenarnya adalah benar untuk gen yang tidak tinggal di kromosom yang sama, atau terletak sangat jauh dari satu sama lain pada kromosom yang sama. Lebih dekat dua gen terletak pada kromosom yang sama, semakin dekat mereka akan dikaitkan dengan gamet dan lebih sering mereka akan muncul bersama-sama; gen yang sangat rapat pada dasarnya tidak pernah dipisahkan kerana ia tidak mungkin bahawa titik crossover akan berlaku di antara mereka. Ini dikenali sebagai hubungan genetik. <> Bilakah peristiwa yang boleh dipanggil semula rekombinasi genetik atau penyeberangan kadang-kadang berlaku? || Semasa proses pembahagian sel meiotik <> Jika alel pada kromatid adalah sama, apakah kesan yang timbul daripada penggabungan genetik? || tiada kesan <> Jika alel pada kromatid adalah berbeza, apakah kesan yang timbul daripada rekombinasi genetik? || reassortment of alleles linked <> Setiap dua gen ibu bapa untuk setiap sifat akan menyusun secara bebas ke gametes menurut prinsip Mendelian? || pelbagai bebas <> Dalam hubungan genetik, apa jenis titik yang sangat tidak mungkin berlaku? || titik crossover", {"qas": [{"question": "When can an event called genetic recombination or crossing-over sometimes occur?", "id": "56f8cf249e9bad19000a055a", "answers": [{"text": "During the process of meiotic cell division", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If the alleles on the chromatids are the same, what effect arises from genetic recombination? ", "id": "56f8cf249e9bad19000a055b", "answers": [{"text": "no effect", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If the alleles on the chromatids are different, what effect arises from genetic recombination? ", "id": "56f8cf249e9bad19000a055c", "answers": [{"text": "reassortment of otherwise linked alleles", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Each of a parent's two genes for each trait will sort independently into gametes according to what Mendelian principle?", "id": "56f8cf249e9bad19000a055d", "answers": [{"text": "independent assortment", "answer_start": 410}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In genetic linkage, what sort of point is extremely unlikely to occur?", "id": "56f8cf249e9bad19000a055e", "answers": [{"text": "a crossover point", "answer_start": 1023}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the process of meiotic cell division, an event called genetic recombination or crossing-over can sometimes occur, in which a length of DNA on one chromatid is swapped with a length of DNA on the corresponding sister chromatid. This has no effect if the alleles on the chromatids are the same, but results in reassortment of otherwise linked alleles if they are different.:5.5 The Mendelian principle of independent assortment asserts that each of a parent's two genes for each trait will sort independently into gametes; which allele an organism inherits for one trait is unrelated to which allele it inherits for another trait. This is in fact only true for genes that do not reside on the same chromosome, or are located very far from one another on the same chromosome. The closer two genes lie on the same chromosome, the more closely they will be associated in gametes and the more often they will appear together; genes that are very close are essentially never separated because it is extremely unlikely that a crossover point will occur between them. This is known as genetic linkage."}], ["Penukaran dan penghantaran bahan genetik dari satu generasi sel ke seterusnya adalah asas untuk warisan molekul, dan hubungan antara gambar-gambar gen klasik dan molekul. Organisma mewarisi ciri-ciri ibu bapa mereka kerana sel-sel keturunan mengandung salinan gen dalam sel-sel ibu bapa mereka. Dalam organisma yang menghasilkan semula aseksual, anak akan menjadi salinan genetik atau klon organisma induk. Dalam organisma penerbitan seksual, satu bentuk khusus pembahagian sel yang dipanggil meiosis menghasilkan sel-sel yang dipanggil gamet atau sel-sel kuman yang haploid, atau hanya mengandungi satu salinan setiap gen. 20.2 Gamet yang dihasilkan oleh betina dipanggil telur atau ova, dan yang dihasilkan oleh lelaki dipanggil sperma. Dua gamet fius untuk membentuk telur yang disenyawakan diploid, sel tunggal yang mempunyai dua set gen, dengan satu salinan setiap gen dari ibu dan satu dari bapa. 20 <> Penyalinan dan penghantaran bahan genetik dari satu generasi sel-sel ke depan adalah asas untuk apa? || warisan molekular <> Mengapa organisma mewarisi ciri-ciri ibu bapa mereka? || sel-sel keturunan mengandung salinan gen dalam sel-sel ibu bapa mereka. <> Dalam apa jenis organisma akan anak-anak menjadi salinan genetik atau klon organisme induk? || Dalam organisme yang menghasilkan semula aseksual <> Dalam apa jenis organisma yang akan membentuk satu bentuk khusus pembahagian sel yang dipanggil meiosis menghasilkan sel yang dipanggil gamet? || Dalam organisma reproduksi seksual <> Apakah gamet yang dihasilkan oleh wanita disebut? || telur atau ova", {"qas": [{"question": "The duplication and transmission of genetic material from one generation of cells to the next is the basis for what?", "id": "56f8cc9d9e9bad19000a0524", "answers": [{"text": "molecular inheritance", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why do organisms inherit the characteristics of their parents?", "id": "56f8cc9d9e9bad19000a0525", "answers": [{"text": "cells of the offspring contain copies of the genes in their parents' cells", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what type of organism will the offspring be a genetic copy or clone of the parent organism?", "id": "56f8cc9d9e9bad19000a0526", "answers": [{"text": "In asexually reproducing organisms", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what type of organism will a specialized form of cell division called meiosis produce cells called gametes?", "id": "56f8cc9d9e9bad19000a0527", "answers": [{"text": "In sexually reproducing organisms", "answer_start": 451}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the gametes produced by females called?", "id": "56f8cc9d9e9bad19000a0528", "answers": [{"text": "eggs or ova", "answer_start": 686}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The duplication and transmission of genetic material from one generation of cells to the next is the basis for molecular inheritance, and the link between the classical and molecular pictures of genes. Organisms inherit the characteristics of their parents because the cells of the offspring contain copies of the genes in their parents' cells. In asexually reproducing organisms, the offspring will be a genetic copy or clone of the parent organism. In sexually reproducing organisms, a specialized form of cell division called meiosis produces cells called gametes or germ cells that are haploid, or contain only one copy of each gene.:20.2 The gametes produced by females are called eggs or ova, and those produced by males are called sperm. Two gametes fuse to form a diploid fertilized egg, a single cell that has two sets of genes, with one copy of each gene from the mother and one from the father.:20"}], ["Saiz genom, dan bilangan gen yang dikodkannya berbeza-beza antara organisma. Genom terkecil berlaku dalam virus (yang boleh mempunyai hanya 2 gen protein pengkodan), dan viroid (yang bertindak sebagai satu gen RNA bukan pengkodan). Sebaliknya, tumbuh-tumbuhan boleh mempunyai genom yang sangat besar, dengan nasi mengandung> 46,000 gen pengkodan protein. Jumlah gen pengkodan protein (proteom bumi) dianggarkan 5 juta urutan. <> Apakah satu ciri yang berbeza secara meluas antara organisma? || saiz genom <> Di manakah jenis organisma melakukan genom terkecil? || virus <> Apakah bilangan terkecil gen pengekodan protein yang boleh dimiliki oleh virus? || 2 <> Organisme mana yang bertindak sebagai gen RNA bukan pengekodan tunggal? || viroids <> Apakah anggaran untuk jumlah gen pengekodan protein di Bumi? || 5 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "What is one characteristic that varies widely between organisms?", "id": "56f8dca99b226e1400dd1126", "answers": [{"text": "genome size", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which type of organism do the smallest genomes occur?", "id": "56f8dca99b226e1400dd1127", "answers": [{"text": "viruses", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the smallest number of protein coding genes that a virus can have?", "id": "56f8dca99b226e1400dd1128", "answers": [{"text": "2", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which organism acts as a single non coding RNA gene?", "id": "56f8dca99b226e1400dd1129", "answers": [{"text": "viroids", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the estimate for the total number of protein coding genes on Earth?", "id": "56f8dca99b226e1400dd112a", "answers": [{"text": "5 million", "answer_start": 418}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The genome size, and the number of genes it encodes varies widely between organisms. The smallest genomes occur in viruses (which can have as few as 2 protein-coding genes), and viroids (which act as a single non-coding RNA gene). Conversely, plants can have extremely large genomes, with rice containing >46,000 protein-coding genes. The total number of protein-coding genes (the Earth's proteome) is estimated to be 5 million sequences."}], ["Pemindahan gen mendatar merujuk kepada pemindahan bahan genetik melalui mekanisme selain pembiakan. Mekanisme ini merupakan sumber umum gen baru dalam prokariot, kadang-kadang berfikir untuk menyumbang lebih banyak kepada variasi genetik daripada pertindihan gen. Ia adalah satu cara yang biasa untuk menyebarkan rintangan antibiotik, virulen, dan fungsi metabolik adaptif. Walaupun pemindahan gen mendatar jarang berlaku dalam eukariota, contoh-contoh yang mungkin telah dikenalpasti gen protista dan alga yang mengandungi gen asal bakteria. <> Apakah pemindahan bahan genetik melalui mekanisme selain pembiakan yang dikenali sebagai? || Perpindahan gen mendatar <> Dalam apa jenis organisma adalah pemindahan gen mendatar sumber umum gen baru? || prokariota <> Apakah satu ciri bahawa pemindahan gen mendatar adalah cara penyebaran yang biasa? || rintangan antibiotik <> Dalam apa jenis organisma adalah pemindahan gen mendatar jarang berlaku? || eukariot <> Apa salah satu contoh pemindahan gen mendatar dalam eukariota? || alga genom yang mengandungi gen asal bakteria", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the  transfer of genetic material through a mechanism other than reproduction known as?", "id": "56f8dbb99e9bad19000a0606", "answers": [{"text": "Horizontal gene transfer", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what type of organism is horizontal gene transfer a common source of new genes?", "id": "56f8dbb99e9bad19000a0607", "answers": [{"text": "prokaryotes", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one trait that horizontal gene transfer is a common means of spreading?", "id": "56f8dbb99e9bad19000a0608", "answers": [{"text": "antibiotic resistance", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what type of organism is horizontal gene transfer rare?", "id": "56f8dbb99e9bad19000a0609", "answers": [{"text": "eukaryotes", "answer_start": 404}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one example of horizontal gene transfer in eukaryotes?", "id": "56f8dbb99e9bad19000a060a", "answers": [{"text": "alga genomes containing genes of bacterial origin", "answer_start": 468}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Horizontal gene transfer refers to the transfer of genetic material through a mechanism other than reproduction. This mechanism is a common source of new genes in prokaryotes, sometimes thought to contribute more to genetic variation than gene duplication. It is a common means of spreading antibiotic resistance, virulence, and adaptive metabolic functions. Although horizontal gene transfer is rare in eukaryotes, likely examples have been identified of protist and alga genomes containing genes of bacterial origin."}], ["Apabila pelbagai alel yang berlainan bagi gen hadir dalam populasi spesies ia dipanggil polimorfik. Alel yang paling berbeza bersamaan, tetapi beberapa alel boleh menimbulkan ciri-ciri fenotip yang berlainan. Alel yang paling umum dipanggil jenis liar, dan alel-alel jarang dipanggil mutan. Variasi genetik dalam frekuensi relatif alel yang berbeza dalam populasi adalah disebabkan oleh pemilihan semula jadi dan hanyut genetik. Alel jenis liar tidak semestinya nenek moyang alel yang kurang biasa, dan tidak semestinya lebih baik. <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila pelbagai alel berbeza untuk gen hadir dalam populasi spesies? || polimorfik <> Apa yang boleh dibangkitkan oleh alel? || ciri-ciri fenotip yang berlainan <> Apakah alel paling umum gen yang dikenali sebagai? || jenis liar <> Apakah alel jarang dipanggil? || mutan <> Apakah salah satu penyebab variasi genetik dalam frekuensi relatif alel yang berbeza dalam populasi? || Perpindahan genetik", {"qas": [{"question": "What is it called when multiple different alleles for a gene are present in a species's population?", "id": "56f8d1ba9b226e1400dd1079", "answers": [{"text": "polymorphic", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can some alleles give rise to?", "id": "56f8d1ba9b226e1400dd107a", "answers": [{"text": "different phenotypic traits", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a gene's most common allele known as?", "id": "56f8d1ba9b226e1400dd107b", "answers": [{"text": "the wild type", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are rare alleles called?", "id": "56f8d1ba9b226e1400dd107c", "answers": [{"text": "mutants", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one cause of the genetic variation in relative frequencies of different alleles in a population?", "id": "56f8d1ba9b226e1400dd107d", "answers": [{"text": "genetic drift", "answer_start": 436}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "When multiple different alleles for a gene are present in a species's population it is called polymorphic. Most different alleles are functionally equivalent, however some alleles can give rise to different phenotypic traits. A gene's most common allele is called the wild type, and rare alleles are called mutants. The genetic variation in relative frequencies of different alleles in a population is due to both natural selection and genetic drift. The wild-type allele is not necessarily the ancestor of less common alleles, nor is it necessarily fitter."}], ["Gen gen atau gen \"orphan\", yang mana urutannya tidak menunjukkan persamaan dengan gen yang sedia ada, sangat jarang berlaku. Anggaran jumlah gen novo dalam genom manusia berkisar antara 18 hingga 60. Gen-gen tersebut biasanya lebih pendek dan lebih mudah dalam struktur daripada kebanyakan gen eukaryotic, dengan sedikit jika ada intron. Dua sumber utama gen anak pengarang protein adalah pendua gen yang diikuti oleh perubahan turutan yang sangat pesat, supaya hubungan asal tidak dapat dikesan dengan perbandingan urutan, dan pembentukan melalui mutasi \"permulaan\" tapak permulaan transkripsi \"cryptic\" yang memperkenalkan rangka bacaan terbuka yang baru dalam rantau genom yang tidak pernah kod untuk protein. <> Apakah gen yang urutannya tidak menunjukkan persamaan dengan gen yang telah dipanggil? || De novo atau gen \"orphan\" <> Apakah anggaran bilangan gen anak yatim dalam genom manusia? || 18 hingga 60 <> Bagaimanakah panjang gen yatim berbanding dengan kebanyakan gen eukariotik? || biasanya lebih pendek <> Bagaimana struktur gen orphan berbanding dengan kebanyakan eukaryotic gen? || lebih mudah dalam struktur <> Apa salah satu sumber gen anak-anak yatim protein? || penduaan gen diikuti dengan perubahan urutan yang sangat pesat", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a gene whose sequence shows no similarity to existing genes called?", "id": "56f8da629e9bad19000a05fc", "answers": [{"text": "De novo or \"orphan\" genes", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the estimate of the number of orphan genes in the human genome?", "id": "56f8da629e9bad19000a05fd", "answers": [{"text": "18 to 60", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do the lengths of orphan genes compare to most eukaryotic genes?", "id": "56f8da629e9bad19000a05fe", "answers": [{"text": "typically shorter", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does the structure of orphan genes compare to most eukaryotic genes?", "id": "56f8da629e9bad19000a05ff", "answers": [{"text": "simpler in structure", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one primary source of orphan protein-coding genes?", "id": "56f8da629e9bad19000a0600", "answers": [{"text": "gene duplication followed by extremely rapid sequence change", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "De novo or \"orphan\" genes, whose sequence shows no similarity to existing genes, are extremely rare. Estimates of the number of de novo genes in the human genome range from 18 to 60. Such genes are typically shorter and simpler in structure than most eukaryotic genes, with few if any introns. Two primary sources of orphan protein-coding genes are gene duplication followed by extremely rapid sequence change, such that the original relationship is undetectable by sequence comparisons, and formation through mutation of \"cryptic\" transcription start sites that introduce a new open reading frame in a region of the genome that did not previously code for a protein."}], ["Gen yang mempunyai nenek moyang yang paling baru-baru ini, dan dengan itu keturunan evolusi bersama, dikenali sebagai homolog. Gen ini muncul sama ada dari pertindihan gen di dalam genom organisma, di mana ia dikenali sebagai gen paralogous, atau hasil daripada perbezaan gen selepas peristiwa spesi, di mana ia dikenali sebagai gen orthologous,: 7.6 dan sering melakukan yang sama atau fungsi yang serupa dalam organisma yang berkaitan. Selalunya diandaikan bahawa fungsi gen ortologus lebih serupa daripada gen-gen paralogous, walaupun perbezaannya adalah minimum. <> Apakah gen yang dipanggil nenek moyang yang paling baru? || homolog <> Apa salah satu sebab untuk homolog muncul? || gen penduaan dalam genom organisma <> Apakah gen yang berlaku dari pertindihan dalam genom organisma yang dipanggil? || gen paralogous <> Apakah gen-gen yang berpunca daripada perbezaan gen selepas peristiwa spesi dipanggil? || gen orthologous", {"qas": [{"question": "What are genes with a most recent common ancestor called?", "id": "56f8d67a9b226e1400dd10b9", "answers": [{"text": "homologs", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one reason for homologs to appear?", "id": "56f8d67a9b226e1400dd10ba", "answers": [{"text": "gene duplication within an organism's genome", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are genes that occur from duplication within an organism's genome called?", "id": "56f8d67a9b226e1400dd10bb", "answers": [{"text": "paralogous genes", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are genes that result from divergence of the genes after a speciation event called?", "id": "56f8d67a9b226e1400dd10bc", "answers": [{"text": "orthologous genes", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Genes with a most recent common ancestor, and thus a shared evolutionary ancestry, are known as homologs. These genes appear either from gene duplication within an organism's genome, where they are known as paralogous genes, or are the result of divergence of the genes after a speciation event, where they are known as orthologous genes,:7.6 and often perform the same or similar functions in related organisms. It is often assumed that the functions of orthologous genes are more similar than those of paralogous genes, although the difference is minimal."}], ["Walaupun bilangan pasang asas DNA dalam genom manusia telah diketahui sejak 1960-an, anggaran gen gen telah berubah dari masa ke masa sebagai definisi gen, dan kaedah mengesannya telah diperhalusi. Ramalan teori awal tentang bilangan gen manusia adalah setinggi 2,000,000. Langkah-langkah eksperimen awal menunjukkan terdapat gen 50,000-100,000 yang ditranskripsikan (tag urutan dinyatakan). Selanjutnya, penjujukan dalam Projek Genom Manusia menunjukkan bahawa banyak transkrip ini adalah variasi alternatif gen yang sama, dan jumlah gen gen pengkodan protein telah disemak semula kepada ~ 20,000 dengan 13 gen yang dikodkan pada genom mitokondria. Daripada genom manusia, hanya 1-2% terdiri daripada gen pengekodan protein, dan selebihnya adalah 'noncoding' DNA seperti intron, retrotransposon, dan RNA bukan pengkodan. <> Sejak bila mempunyai bilangan pasang asas DNA dalam genom manusia yang diketahui? || 1960-an <> Apakah ramalan teoritis awal yang paling tinggi mengenai bilangan gen manusia? || 2,000,000 <> Apa jenis varian yang Projek Genom Manusia menunjukkan bahawa banyak transkrip diukur? || varian alternatif <> Selepas Projek Genom Manusia, berapa banyak gen dikodkan pada genom mitokondria? || 13 <> Sebanyak peratus genom manusia terdiri daripada gen pengekodan protein? || 1-2%", {"qas": [{"question": "Since when has the number of base pairs of DNA in the human genome been known?", "id": "56f8de279e9bad19000a062a", "answers": [{"text": "the 1960s", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the highest initial theoretical prediction of the number of human genes?", "id": "56f8de279e9bad19000a062b", "answers": [{"text": "2,000,000", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of variants did the Human Genome Project indicate that many of the measured transcripts were?", "id": "56f8de279e9bad19000a062c", "answers": [{"text": "alternative variants", "answer_start": 520}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After the Human Genome Project, how many genes were encoded on the mitochondrial genome?", "id": "56f8de279e9bad19000a062d", "answers": [{"text": "13", "answer_start": 638}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the human genome consists of protein coding genes?", "id": "56f8de279e9bad19000a062e", "answers": [{"text": "1\u20132%", "answer_start": 710}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although the number of base-pairs of DNA in the human genome has been known since the 1960s, the estimated number of genes has changed over time as definitions of genes, and methods of detecting them have been refined. Initial theoretical predictions of the number of human genes were as high as 2,000,000. Early experimental measures indicated there to be 50,000\u2013100,000 transcribed genes (expressed sequence tags). Subsequently, the sequencing in the Human Genome Project indicated that many of these transcripts were alternative variants of the same genes, and the total number of protein-coding genes was revised down to ~20,000 with 13 genes encoded on the mitochondrial genome. Of the human genome, only 1\u20132% consists of protein-coding genes, with the remainder being 'noncoding' DNA such as introns, retrotransposons, and noncoding RNAs."}], ["Sumber yang paling umum gen baru dalam garis keturunan eukaryotic adalah pertindihan gen, yang menghasilkan variasi nombor salin gen yang ada dalam genom. Gen yang dihasilkan (paralog) mungkin kemudian menyimpang dalam urutan dan fungsi. Set gen yang terbentuk dengan cara ini terdiri daripada keluarga gen. Penambahan dan kehilangan gen dalam keluarga adalah perkara biasa dan mewakili sumber utama keanekaragaman biodiversiti evolusi. Kadang-kadang, pertindihan gen boleh menghasilkan salinan gen yang tidak berfungsi, atau salinan berfungsi mungkin tertakluk kepada mutasi yang mengakibatkan kehilangan fungsi; Gen bukan fungsional sedemikian dipanggil pseudogenes .:7.6 <> Apakah sumber gen yang paling biasa dalam keturunan eukariotik? || duplikasi gen <> Apa yang membuat variasi nombor salinan gen sedia ada dalam genom? || gen duplikasi <> Apakah gen yang dihasilkan oleh pertindihan gen eukaryotik dipanggil? || paralogs <> Apa jenis salinan yang boleh menyebabkan gen duplikasi kadang-kadang menyebabkan? || tidak berfungsi <> Apakah salinan fungsional gen yang mengalami kehilangan fungsi disebabkan oleh mutasi yang dipanggil? || pseudogenes", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the most common source of new genes in eukaryotic lineages?", "id": "56f8d9269e9bad19000a05f2", "answers": [{"text": "gene duplication", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What creates copy number variation of an existing gene in the genome?", "id": "56f8d9269e9bad19000a05f3", "answers": [{"text": "gene duplication", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the genes that result from eukaryotic gene duplication called?", "id": "56f8d9269e9bad19000a05f4", "answers": [{"text": "paralogs", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of copy can gene duplication sometimes result in?", "id": "56f8d9269e9bad19000a05f5", "answers": [{"text": "nonfunctional", "answer_start": 444}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are functional copies of a gene which have a loss of function due to mutation called?", "id": "56f8d9269e9bad19000a05f6", "answers": [{"text": "pseudogenes", "answer_start": 592}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The most common source of new genes in eukaryotic lineages is gene duplication, which creates copy number variation of an existing gene in the genome. The resulting genes (paralogs) may then diverge in sequence and in function. Sets of genes formed in this way comprise a gene family. Gene duplications and losses within a family are common and represent a major source of evolutionary biodiversity. Sometimes, gene duplication may result in a nonfunctional copy of a gene, or a functional copy may be subject to mutations that result in loss of function; such nonfunctional genes are called pseudogenes.:7.6"}], ["Hubungan antara gen dapat diukur dengan membandingkan penjajaran urutan DNA mereka .:7.6 Gelaran persamaan turutan antara gen homologus dipanggil urutan yang dipelihara. Kebanyakan perubahan kepada urutan gen tidak menjejaskan fungsinya dan gen mengumpul mutasi dari masa ke masa dengan evolusi molekul neutral. Di samping itu, sebarang pemilihan pada gen akan menyebabkan urutannya menyimpang pada kadar yang berbeza. Gen di bawah penstabilan pemilihan dikekang dan jadi berubah lebih perlahan manakala gen di bawah urutan arahan menukar urutan dengan lebih cepat. Perbezaan urutan antara gen boleh digunakan untuk analisis filogenetik untuk mengkaji bagaimana gen-gen tersebut telah berkembang dan bagaimana organisme mereka berasal. <> Apakah yang membandingkan penjajaran urutan DNA DNA? || Hubungan antara gen <> Apakah tahap persamaan turutan antara gen homologus yang dipanggil? || conserved sequence <> Bagaimana gen biasanya mengumpulkan mutasi dari masa ke masa? || oleh evolusi molekul neutral <> Di bawah apa jenis pemilihan gen dikekang supaya mereka berubah lebih perlahan? || menstabilkan <> jenis analisa apa yang boleh perbezaan urutan antara gen digunakan? || phylogenetic", {"qas": [{"question": "What does comparing the sequence alignment of genes' DNA measure?", "id": "56f8d7e39e9bad19000a05d0", "answers": [{"text": "The relationship between genes", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the degree of sequence similarity between homologous genes called?", "id": "56f8d7e39e9bad19000a05d1", "answers": [{"text": "conserved sequence", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do genes typically accumulate mutations over time?", "id": "56f8d7e39e9bad19000a05d2", "answers": [{"text": "by neutral molecular evolution", "answer_start": 295}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Under what type of selection are genes constrained so they change more slowly?", "id": "56f8d7e39e9bad19000a05d3", "answers": [{"text": "stabilizing", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of analyses can the sequence differences between genes be used for?", "id": "56f8d7e39e9bad19000a05d4", "answers": [{"text": "phylogenetic", "answer_start": 624}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The relationship between genes can be measured by comparing the sequence alignment of their DNA.:7.6 The degree of sequence similarity between homologous genes is called conserved sequence. Most changes to a gene's sequence do not affect its function and so genes accumulate mutations over time by neutral molecular evolution. Additionally, any selection on a gene will cause its sequence to diverge at a different rate. Genes under stabilizing selection are constrained and so change more slowly whereas genes under directional selection change sequence more rapidly. The sequence differences between genes can be used for phylogenetic analyses to study how those genes have evolved and how the organisms they come from are related."}], ["Kebanyakan mutasi dalam gen adalah neutral, tidak mempunyai kesan pada fenotip organisma (mutasi senyap). Sesetengah mutasi tidak mengubah urutan asid amino kerana kodon berganda menyandarkan asid amino yang sama (mutasi sinonim). Mutasi lain boleh menjadi neutral jika ia membawa kepada perubahan urutan asid amino, tetapi protein masih berfungsi sama dengan asid amino baru (mis. Mutasi konservatif). Banyak mutasi, bagaimanapun, merosakkan atau bahkan mematikan, dan dikeluarkan dari populasi melalui pemilihan semulajadi. Gangguan genetik adalah hasil mutasi yang merosakkan dan boleh disebabkan oleh mutasi spontan dalam individu terjejas, atau boleh diwarisi. Akhirnya, sebahagian kecil mutasi bermanfaat, meningkatkan kecergasan organisme dan sangat penting untuk evolusi, kerana pilihan arahnya membawa kepada evolusi adaptif. 7.6 <> Apakah mutasi yang tidak berpengaruh pada fenotip organisma yang dipanggil? || mutasi senyap <> Apakah mutasi yang tidak mengubah urutan asid amino dipanggil? || mutasi sinonim <> Apakah mutasi yang membawa kepada perubahan urutan asid amino tetapi meninggalkan fungsi protein yang sama dipanggil? || Mutasi konservatif <> Apa akibat daripada mutasi yang merosakkan? || Gangguan genetik <> Apakah pemilihan berarah mutasi berfaedah membawa kepada? || evolusi adaptif", {"qas": [{"question": "What are mutations that have no effect on an organism's phenotype called?", "id": "56f8d3619b226e1400dd109b", "answers": [{"text": "silent mutations", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence called?", "id": "56f8d3619b226e1400dd109c", "answers": [{"text": "synonymous mutations", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are mutations that lead to amino acid sequence changes but leave the protein functioning similarly called?", "id": "56f8d3619b226e1400dd109d", "answers": [{"text": "conservative mutations", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a result of deleterious mutations?", "id": "56f8d3619b226e1400dd109e", "answers": [{"text": "Genetic disorders", "answer_start": 519}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the directional selection of beneficial mutations lead to?", "id": "56f8d3619b226e1400dd109f", "answers": [{"text": "adaptive evolution", "answer_start": 839}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Most mutations within genes are neutral, having no effect on the organism's phenotype (silent mutations). Some mutations do not change the amino acid sequence because multiple codons encode the same amino acid (synonymous mutations). Other mutations can be neutral if they lead to amino acid sequence changes, but the protein still functions similarly with the new amino acid (e.g. conservative mutations). Many mutations, however, are deleterious or even lethal, and are removed from populations by natural selection. Genetic disorders are the result of deleterious mutations and can be due to spontaneous mutation in the affected individual, or can be inherited. Finally, a small fraction of mutations are beneficial, improving the organism's fitness and are extremely important for evolution, since their directional selection leads to adaptive evolution.:7.6"}], ["Replikasi DNA sebahagian besarnya sangat tepat, tetapi kesilapan (mutasi) berlaku.:7.6 Kadar ralat dalam sel eukariotik boleh serendah 10-8 setiap nukleotida per replikasi, sedangkan bagi sesetengah virus RNA ia boleh setinggi 10-3. Ini bermakna setiap generasi, setiap genom manusia berkumpul 1-2 mutasi baru. Mutasi kecil boleh disebabkan oleh replikasi DNA dan selepas kerosakan DNA dan termasuk mutasi mata di mana satu asas diubah dan mutasi frameshift di mana satu asas dimasukkan atau dipadamkan. Kedua-dua mutasi ini boleh mengubah gen dengan kehilangan (menukar kodon untuk menyandarkan asid amino yang berbeza) atau omong kosong (codon stop prematur). Mutasi yang lebih besar boleh disebabkan oleh kesilapan dalam rekombinasi untuk menyebabkan kelainan kromosom termasuk pertindihan, pemadaman, penyusunan semula atau penyongsangan sebahagian besar kromosom. Mekanisme pembaikan DNA yang biasanya memulihkan mutasi dapat memperkenalkan kesilapan apabila memperbaiki kerosakan fizikal pada molekul adalah lebih penting daripada memulihkan salinan tepat, contohnya apabila membaiki rehat double-strands.:5.4 <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila terjadi kesalahan dalam replikasi DNA? || Mutasi <> Apakah kadar ralat terendah yang berlaku dalam sel eukariotik? || 10-8 setiap nucleotide per replikasi <> Apakah kadar ralat tertinggi yang boleh berlaku untuk sesetengah virus RNA? || 10-3 <> Apa yang boleh disebabkan oleh mutasi kecil? || Replikasi DNA <> Apa yang boleh menyebabkan mutasi yang lebih besar disebabkan oleh? || kesilapan dalam rekombinasi", {"qas": [{"question": "What is it called when errors occur in DNA replication?", "id": "56f8d0969e9bad19000a0588", "answers": [{"text": "mutations", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the lowest error rate that occurs in eukaryotic cells?", "id": "56f8d0969e9bad19000a0589", "answers": [{"text": "10\u22128 per nucleotide per replication", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the highest error rate that can occur for some RNA viruses?", "id": "56f8d0969e9bad19000a058a", "answers": [{"text": "10\u22123", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can small mutations be caused by?", "id": "56f8d0969e9bad19000a058b", "answers": [{"text": "DNA replication", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can larger mutations be caused by?", "id": "56f8d0969e9bad19000a058c", "answers": [{"text": "errors in recombination", "answer_start": 720}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "DNA replication is for the most part extremely accurate, however errors (mutations) do occur.:7.6 The error rate in eukaryotic cells can be as low as 10\u22128 per nucleotide per replication, whereas for some RNA viruses it can be as high as 10\u22123. This means that each generation, each human genome accumulates 1\u20132 new mutations. Small mutations can be caused by DNA replication and the aftermath of DNA damage and include point mutations in which a single base is altered and frameshift mutations in which a single base is inserted or deleted. Either of these mutations can change the gene by missense (change a codon to encode a different amino acid) or nonsense (a premature stop codon). Larger mutations can be caused by errors in recombination to cause chromosomal abnormalities including the duplication, deletion, rearrangement or inversion of large sections of a chromosome. Additionally, the DNA repair mechanisms that normally revert mutations can introduce errors when repairing the physical damage to the molecule is more important than restoring an exact copy, for example when repairing double-strand breaks.:5.4"}], ["Untuk organisma multiselular, biasanya embrio direkayasa yang tumbuh ke dalam organisma diubahsuai secara genetik dewasa. Walau bagaimanapun, genom sel dalam organisma dewasa boleh diedit menggunakan teknik terapi gen untuk merawat penyakit genetik. <> Untuk apa jenis organisma embrio biasanya direkayasa? || organisma multisel <> Teknik apa yang boleh digunakan untuk mengubah genom organisma dewasa untuk merawat penyakit genetik? || teknik terapi gen <> Apa bahagian organisme biasanya dicipta yang menjadi organisma yang diubah secara genetik? || embrio <> Apa yang boleh diubah dalam organisma dewasa menggunakan teknik terapi gen? || genom sel <> Apa yang boleh dirawat menggunakan kejuruteraan genetik? || penyakit genetik", {"qas": [{"question": "For what sort of organisms is the embryo normally engineered?", "id": "56f8e4e39e9bad19000a06b6", "answers": [{"text": "multicellular organisms", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What techniques can be used to alter the genomes of an adult organism to treat genetic disease?", "id": "56f8e4e39e9bad19000a06b7", "answers": [{"text": "gene therapy techniques", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of the organism is usually created which becomes a developed genetically altered organism?", "id": "56f8e4e39e9bad19000a06b8", "answers": [{"text": "the embryo", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can be changed in an adult organism using gene therapy techniques?", "id": "56f8e4e39e9bad19000a06b9", "answers": [{"text": "the genomes of cells", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can be treated using genetic engineering?", "id": "56f8e4e39e9bad19000a06ba", "answers": [{"text": "genetic diseases", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "For multicellular organisms, typically the embryo is engineered which grows into the adult genetically modified organism. However, the genomes of cells in an adult organism can be edited using gene therapy techniques to treat genetic diseases."}], ["Tata nama gen telah ditubuhkan oleh Jawatankuasa Nomenclature Hugo Gene (HGNC) untuk setiap gen manusia yang diketahui dalam bentuk nama dan simbol gen yang diluluskan (singkatan pendek bentuk), yang boleh diakses melalui pangkalan data yang dikendalikan oleh HGNC. Simbol-simbol dipilih menjadi unik, dan setiap gen hanya mempunyai satu simbol (walaupun lambang yang diluluskan kadang-kadang berubah). Simbol lebih disukai disimpan konsisten dengan ahli keluarga gen lain dan dengan homolog dalam spesies lain, terutamanya tetikus kerana peranannya sebagai organisma model biasa. <> Jawatankuasa apa yang telah menubuhkan tatanama gen untuk setiap gen manusia yang diketahui? || Jawatankuasa Nomenclature HUGO Gen (HGNC) <> Bagaimanakah tatanama gen boleh diakses? || melalui pangkalan data yang diselenggarakan oleh HGNC <> Berapa banyak simbol yang masing-masing mempunyai gen? || hanya satu <> Dengan apa yang lebih disukai simbol disimpan konsisten dengan? || homolog dalam spesies lain <> Jenis model apa tetikus memainkan peranan? || model biasa", {"qas": [{"question": "What committee has established gene nomenclature for every known human gene?", "id": "56f8e1499e9bad19000a0670", "answers": [{"text": "HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How can the gene nomenclature be accessed? ", "id": "56f8e1499e9bad19000a0671", "answers": [{"text": "through a database maintained by HGNC", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many symbols does each gene have?", "id": "56f8e1499e9bad19000a0672", "answers": [{"text": "only one", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With what is it preferred that symbols are kept consistent with?", "id": "56f8e1499e9bad19000a0673", "answers": [{"text": "homologs in other species", "answer_start": 445}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of model does the mouse play a role for?", "id": "56f8e1499e9bad19000a0674", "answers": [{"text": "common model", "answer_start": 516}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Gene nomenclature has been established by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) for each known human gene in the form of an approved gene name and symbol (short-form abbreviation), which can be accessed through a database maintained by HGNC. Symbols are chosen to be unique, and each gene has only one symbol (although approved symbols sometimes change). Symbols are preferably kept consistent with other members of a gene family and with homologs in other species, particularly the mouse due to its role as a common model organism."}], ["Gen pengemasan adalah kritikal untuk menjalankan fungsi sel asas dan sebagainya dinyatakan pada tahap yang relatif tetap (secara konstitutif). Oleh kerana ungkapan mereka tetap, gen pengemasan digunakan sebagai kawalan eksperimen apabila menganalisis ungkapan gen. Tidak semua gen penting adalah gen pengemasan kerana sesetengah gen penting dikawal atau dikembangkan pada masa-masa tertentu semasa kitaran hidup organisme. <> Apakah jenis gen diperlukan untuk melaksanakan fungsi sel asas? || Gen pengemasan <> Pada apakah tahap relatif gen pengemasan yang dinyatakan pada? || malar <> Apabila menyiasat ungkapan gen, jenis gen yang digunakan sebagai kawalan untuk eksperimen? || gen pengemasan <> Bagaimana sesetengah gen penting dikawal? || perkembangan <> Bila ada beberapa gen penting yang dinyatakan? || pada masa-masa tertentu semasa kitaran hayat organisma", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of genes are necessary for performing basic cell functions?", "id": "56f8e01d9b226e1400dd1162", "answers": [{"text": "Housekeeping genes", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what relative level are housekeeping genes expressed at?", "id": "56f8e01d9b226e1400dd1163", "answers": [{"text": "constant", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When investigating gene expression, what type of genes are used as a control for experiments?", "id": "56f8e01d9b226e1400dd1164", "answers": [{"text": "housekeeping genes", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are some essential genes regulated?", "id": "56f8e01d9b226e1400dd1165", "answers": [{"text": "developmentally", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When are some essential genes expressed?", "id": "56f8e01d9b226e1400dd1166", "answers": [{"text": "at certain times during the organism's life cycle", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Housekeeping genes are critical for carrying out basic cell functions and so are expressed at a relatively constant level (constitutively). Since their expression is constant, housekeeping genes are used as experimental controls when analysing gene expression. Not all essential genes are housekeeping genes since some essential genes are developmentally regulated or expressed at certain times during the organism's life cycle."}], ["Kejuruteraan genetik kini merupakan alat penyelidikan rutin dengan organisma model. Sebagai contoh, gen mudah ditambah kepada bakteria dan garis keturunan tikus dengan fungsi gen yang terganggu digunakan untuk menyiasat fungsi gen tersebut. Banyak organisma telah diubahsuai secara genetik untuk aplikasi dalam bidang pertanian, bioteknologi industri, dan perubatan. <> Apa yang telah menjadi alat penyelidikan biasa dengan organisma model? || Kejuruteraan genetik <> Apa yang diterajui para saintis dengan menambah gen pada tikus dengan fungsi gen tertentu terganggu? || bahawa fungsi gen <> Apakah aplikasi untuk organisma mana yang telah diubah suai? || pertanian <> Apa lagi organisme yang dimodifikasi? || bioteknologi perindustrian <> Apakah satu lagi aplikasi untuk organisma mana yang telah diubah suai? || ubat", {"qas": [{"question": "What has become a common research tool with model organisms?", "id": "56f8e37f9b226e1400dd1194", "answers": [{"text": "Genetic engineering", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do scientists explore by adding genes to mice with a certain gene's function disrupted?", "id": "56f8e37f9b226e1400dd1195", "answers": [{"text": "that gene's function", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an application for which organisms have been modified for?", "id": "56f8e37f9b226e1400dd1196", "answers": [{"text": "agriculture", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another for which  organisms have been modified for?", "id": "56f8e37f9b226e1400dd1197", "answers": [{"text": "industrial biotechnology", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is yet another application for which  organisms have been modified for?", "id": "56f8e37f9b226e1400dd1198", "answers": [{"text": "medicine", "answer_start": 348}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Genetic engineering is now a routine research tool with model organisms. For example, genes are easily added to bacteria and lineages of knockout mice with a specific gene's function disrupted are used to investigate that gene's function. Many organisms have been genetically modified for applications in agriculture, industrial biotechnology, and medicine."}], ["Kejuruteraan genetik adalah pengubahsuaian genom organisma melalui bioteknologi. Sejak tahun 1970-an, pelbagai teknik telah dibangunkan untuk menambah, mengeluarkan dan menyunting gen dalam organisma secara khusus. Teknik kejuruteraan genom yang baru dibangunkan menggunakan enzim nukleus yang direka bentuk untuk membuat pembaikan DNA yang disasarkan dalam kromosom sama ada mengganggu atau mengubah gen apabila rehat diperbaiki. Biologi sintetik istilah berkaitan kadang kala digunakan untuk merujuk kepada kejuruteraan genetik yang luas dari suatu organisma. <> Apa yang dikenali sebagai pengubahsuaian genom organisma melalui bioteknologi? || Kejuruteraan genetik <> Bilakah teknik mula dibangunkan untuk menambah, mengeluarkan dan mengedit gen? || 1970-an <> Apa jenis enzim baru-baru ini yang dibangunkan menggunakan teknik kejuruteraan genom? || enzim nukleus yang direka bentuk <> Apakah jenis pembaikan DNA yang dicipta oleh teknik kejuruteraan genetik moden? || disasarkan <> Apa istilah merujuk kepada kejuruteraan genetik yang luas dalam organisma? || biologi sintetik", {"qas": [{"question": "What is known as the modification of an organism's genome through biotechnology?", "id": "56f8e2679b226e1400dd1182", "answers": [{"text": "Genetic engineering", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did techniques begin to be developed to add, remove and edit genes?", "id": "56f8e2679b226e1400dd1183", "answers": [{"text": "the 1970s", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of enzymes do recently developed genome engineering techniques use?", "id": "56f8e2679b226e1400dd1184", "answers": [{"text": "engineered nuclease enzymes", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of DNA repair is created by modern genetic engineering techniques?", "id": "56f8e2679b226e1400dd1185", "answers": [{"text": "targeted", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term refers to extensive genetic engineering of an organism?", "id": "56f8e2679b226e1400dd1186", "answers": [{"text": "synthetic biology", "answer_start": 412}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Genetic engineering is the modification of an organism's genome through biotechnology. Since the 1970s, a variety of techniques have been developed to specifically add, remove and edit genes in an organism. Recently developed genome engineering techniques use engineered nuclease enzymes to create targeted DNA repair in a chromosome to either disrupt or edit a gene when the break is repaired. The related term synthetic biology is sometimes used to refer to extensive genetic engineering of an organism."}], ["Gen penting adalah satu set gen yang dianggap penting bagi kelangsungan hidup organisme. Definisi ini mengandaikan ketersediaan banyak nutrien yang relevan dan ketiadaan tekanan alam sekitar. Hanya sebahagian kecil daripada gen organisma yang penting. Dalam bakteria, kira-kira 250-400 gen adalah penting untuk Escherichia coli dan Bacillus subtilis, yang kurang daripada 10% daripada gen mereka. Separuh daripada gen ini adalah ortolog dalam kedua-dua organisma dan sebahagian besarnya terlibat dalam sintesis protein. Dalam ragi pemeliharaan Saccharomyces cerevisiae jumlah gen penting adalah sedikit lebih tinggi, pada 1000 gen (~ 20% daripada gen mereka). Walaupun bilangannya lebih sukar untuk diukur dalam eukariot yang lebih tinggi, tikus dan manusia dianggarkan mempunyai sekitar 2000 gen penting (~ 10% daripada gen mereka). <> Apakah set gen yang dianggap penting bagi kelangsungan hidup organisma? || Gen penting <> Apakah takrifan gen penting yang memerlukan ketiadaan? || tekanan alam sekitar <> Berapa banyak gen penting untuk Escherichia coli? || 250-400 <> Sebarang pecahan gen penting Escherichia coli adalah ortolog? || Setengah <> Berapa banyak gen penting yang terdapat Saccharomyces cerevisiae? || 1000 gen", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the set of genes which are thought to be crucial for the survival of an organism?", "id": "56f8df189e9bad19000a0648", "answers": [{"text": "Essential genes", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the definition of essential genes assume an absence of?", "id": "56f8df189e9bad19000a0649", "answers": [{"text": "environmental stress", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many genes are essential for Escherichia coli?", "id": "56f8df189e9bad19000a064a", "answers": [{"text": "250\u2013400", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What fraction of Escherichia coli's essential genes are orthologs?", "id": "56f8df189e9bad19000a064b", "answers": [{"text": "Half", "answer_start": 401}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many essential genes does Saccharomyces cerevisiae have?", "id": "56f8df189e9bad19000a064c", "answers": [{"text": "1000 genes", "answer_start": 599}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Essential genes are the set of genes thought to be critical for an organism's survival. This definition assumes the abundant availability of all relevant nutrients and the absence of environmental stress. Only a small portion of an organism's genes are essential. In bacteria, an estimated 250\u2013400 genes are essential for Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, which is less than 10% of their genes. Half of these genes are orthologs in both organisms and are largely involved in protein synthesis. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the number of essential genes is slightly higher, at 1000 genes (~20% of their genes). Although the number is more difficult to measure in higher eukaryotes, mice and humans are estimated to have around 2000 essential genes (~10% of their genes)."}]], [["Kemerdekaan secara unilateral diisytiharkan pada 24 September 1973. Pengiktirafan menjadi universal selepas kudeta militari yang diilhamkan oleh sosialis 25 April 1974 di Portugal, yang menggulingkan rejim Negeri Novo Lisbon. <> Bilakah kemerdekaan diisytiharkan? || 24 September 1973 <> Apa tarikh kemerdekaan dianggap universal? || 25 April 1974 <> Apa peristiwa yang menyebabkan pengiktirafan menjadi universal? || rampasan kuasa tentera yang diilhamkan oleh sosialis <> Di manakah rampasan kuasa berlaku? || Portugal <> Siapa yang digulingkan dalam rampasan kuasa? || Rejim Negeri Novo Lisbon", {"qas": [{"question": "When was independence declared?", "id": "56f8c6b29e9bad19000a0496", "answers": [{"text": "24 September 1973", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What date was independence considered universal? ", "id": "56f8c6b29e9bad19000a0497", "answers": [{"text": "25 April 1974", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What event caused the recognition to be universal?", "id": "56f8c6b29e9bad19000a0498", "answers": [{"text": "socialist-inspired military coup", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did a coup take place?", "id": "56f8c6b29e9bad19000a0499", "answers": [{"text": "Portugal", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was overthrown in the coup?", "id": "56f8c6b29e9bad19000a049a", "answers": [{"text": "Lisbon's Estado Novo regime", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Independence was unilaterally declared on 24 September 1973. Recognition became universal following the 25 April 1974 socialist-inspired military coup in Portugal, which overthrew Lisbon's Estado Novo regime."}], ["Untuk tempoh yang singkat pada tahun 1790-an, pihak British cuba menubuhkan paksaan di pulau luar pesisir, di Bolama. Tetapi pada abad ke-19 Portugis cukup selamat di Bissau untuk menganggap pantai bersayap sebagai wilayah khusus mereka sendiri, juga di utara di bahagian Senegal Selatan sekarang. <> Siapa yang cuba menubuhkan paksaan di Bolama? || the British <> Kapan penganjur bertelagah di Bolama? || yang 1790s <> Yang menganggap Bolama sebagai mereka sendiri pada abad ke-19? || Portugis <> Apa kawasan lain yang dianggap Portugis sebagai wilayah khusus mereka? || sebahagian daripada Senegal Selatan sekarang <> Apa saingannya Portugis menangkis di Guinea-Bissau? || Inggeris", {"qas": [{"question": "Who tried to establish a rival foothold at Bolama?", "id": "56f8abb19e9bad19000a02af", "answers": [{"text": "the British", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was a rival foothold  attempted at Bolama?", "id": "56f8abb19e9bad19000a02b0", "answers": [{"text": "the 1790s", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who regarded Bolama as their own in the 19th century?", "id": "56f8abb19e9bad19000a02b1", "answers": [{"text": "the Portuguese", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other area did the Portuguese regard as their special territory?", "id": "56f8abb19e9bad19000a02b2", "answers": [{"text": "part of present South Senegal", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What rival did the Portuguese fend off in Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8abb19e9bad19000a02b3", "answers": [{"text": "the British", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "For a brief period in the 1790s, the British tried to establish a rival foothold on an offshore island, at Bolama. But by the 19th century the Portuguese were sufficiently secure in Bissau to regard the neighbouring coastline as their own special territory, also up north in part of present South Senegal."}], ["Laporan awal orang Eropah yang sampai ke kawasan ini termasuk pelayaran Venetian Alvise Cadamosto dari 1455, pelayaran 1479-1480 oleh peniaga Flemish-French Eustache de la Fosse, dan Diogo C\u00e3o. Pada tahun 1480-an penjelajah Portugis ini mencapai Sungai Congo dan tanah Bakongo, mendirikan asas-asas Angola moden, kira-kira 4200 km ke pantai Afrika dari Guinea-Bissau. <> Bilakah pelayaran Alvise Cadamosto? || 1455 <> Bilakah pelayaran Eustache de la Fosse? || 1479-1480 <> Apa nama peneroka Portugis? || Diogo C\u00e3o <> Apa sungai Diogo Cao mencapai pada tahun 1480? || Sungai Congo <> Negara apa kira-kira 4200 km dari Guinea-Bissau? || Angola", {"qas": [{"question": "When was Alvise Cadamosto's voyage?", "id": "56f8a93c9b226e1400dd0d85", "answers": [{"text": "1455", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Eustache de la Fosse's voyage?", "id": "56f8a93c9b226e1400dd0d86", "answers": [{"text": "1479\u20131480", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the Portuguese explorer?", "id": "56f8a93c9b226e1400dd0d87", "answers": [{"text": "Diogo C\u00e3o", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What river did Diogo Cao reach in the 1480's?", "id": "56f8a93c9b226e1400dd0d88", "answers": [{"text": "Congo River", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country is about 4200 km from Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8a93c9b226e1400dd0d89", "answers": [{"text": "Angola", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Early reports of Europeans reaching this area include those of the Venetian Alvise Cadamosto's voyage of 1455, the 1479\u20131480 voyage by Flemish-French trader Eustache de la Fosse, and Diogo C\u00e3o. In the 1480s this Portuguese explorer reached the Congo River and the lands of Bakongo, setting up the foundations of modern Angola, some 4200 km down the African coast from Guinea-Bissau."}], ["Guinea-Bissau pernah menjadi bagian dari kerajaan Gabu, sebahagian dari Kerajaan Mali; bahagian kerajaan ini berterusan sehingga abad ke-18. Bahagian-bahagian wilayah lain di negara sekarang dianggap oleh Portugis sebagai sebahagian daripada empayar mereka. Portugis Guinea dikenali sebagai Pantai Slave, kerana ia merupakan kawasan utama bagi pengeksport budak Afrika oleh orang Eropah ke hemisfera barat. Sebelum itu, budak-budak telah didagangkan oleh orang Arab utara ke bahagian utara Afrika dan ke Timur Tengah. <> Kawasan apa yang dikenali sebagai Pantai Slave? || Portugis Guinea <> Yang mengeksport budak Afrika ke hemisfera barat? || Eropah <> Kerajaan apakah Guinea-Bissau pernah menjadi sebahagian daripada? || Gabu <> Berapa lamakah Empayar Mali berterusan? || sehingga abad ke-18 <> yang menjual budak ke Timur Tengah? || Arab", {"qas": [{"question": "What area was known as the Slave Coast?", "id": "56f8a8539b226e1400dd0d6f", "answers": [{"text": "Portuguese Guinea", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who exported African slaves to the western hemisphere?", "id": "56f8a8539b226e1400dd0d70", "answers": [{"text": "Europeans", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kingdom was Guinea-Bissau once a part of?", "id": "56f8a8539b226e1400dd0d71", "answers": [{"text": "Gabu", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did the Mali Empire persist?", "id": "56f8a8539b226e1400dd0d72", "answers": [{"text": "until the 18th century", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who traded slaves into the Middle East?", "id": "56f8a8539b226e1400dd0d73", "answers": [{"text": "Arabs", "answer_start": 430}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Guinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Gabu, part of the Mali Empire; parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century. Other parts of the territory in the current country were considered by the Portuguese as part of their empire. Portuguese Guinea was known as the Slave Coast, as it was a major area for the exportation of African slaves by Europeans to the western hemisphere. Previously slaves had been traded by Arabs north to the northern part of Africa and into the Middle East."}], ["Guinea-Bissau, secara rasmi Republik Guinea-Bissau (Portugis: Rep\u00fablica da Guin\u00e9-Bissau, disebut: [\u0281epublik\u0250 d\u0250 \u0261in\u025b bisaw]), adalah sebuah negara di Barat Afrika. Ia meliputi 36,125 kilometer persegi (13,948 meter persegi) dengan anggaran penduduk 1,704,000. <> Apakah nama rasmi Guinea-Bissau? || Republik Guinea-Bissau <> Di mana Guinea-Bissau terletak? || Afrika Barat <> Berapa persegi persegi Guinea-Bissau? || 13,948 km persegi <> Berapa anggaran penduduk Guinea-Bissau? || 1,704,000 <> Berapa banyak kilometer yang dilindungi Guinea-Bissau? || 36,125", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the official name for Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f89ee99b226e1400dd0cd5", "answers": [{"text": "the Republic of Guinea-Bissau", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Guinea-Bissau located?", "id": "56f89ee99b226e1400dd0cd6", "answers": [{"text": "West Africa", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many square miles is Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f89ee99b226e1400dd0cd7", "answers": [{"text": "13,948 sq mi", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the estimated population of Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f89ee99b226e1400dd0cd8", "answers": [{"text": "1,704,000", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many kilometers does Guinea-Bissau cover?", "id": "56f89ee99b226e1400dd0cd9", "answers": [{"text": "36,125", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Guinea-Bissau (i/\u02c8\u0261\u026ani b\u026a\u02c8sa\u028a/, GI-nee-bi-SOW), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (Portuguese: Rep\u00fablica da Guin\u00e9-Bissau, pronounced: [\u0281e\u02c8publik\u0250 d\u0250 \u0261i\u02c8n\u025b bi\u02c8saw]), is a country in West Africa. It covers 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi) with an estimated population of 1,704,000."}], ["Guinea-Bissau adalah anggota Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu, Kesatuan Afrika, Komuniti Ekonomi Negara-Negara Afrika Barat, Pertubuhan Kerjasama Islam, Kesatuan Latin, Negara Bahasa Portugis, La Francophonie dan Zon Perdamaian dan Kerjasama Atlantik Selatan. <> Apa organisasi Islam yang dimiliki oleh Guinea-Bissau? || Pertubuhan Kerjasama Islam <> Apa organisasi Portugis yang dimiliki Guinea-Bissau? || Komuniti Bahasa Portugis <> Apa organisasi Afrika Barat yang dimiliki oleh Guinea-Bissau? || Komuniti Ekonomi Negara Afrika Barat <> Apa organisasi Atlantik Selatan yang dimiliki Guinea-Bissau? || Zon Perdamaian dan Kerjasama Atlantik Selatan <> Apakah organisasi Latin yang berasal dari Guinea-Bissau? || Kesatuan Latin", {"qas": [{"question": "What Islamic organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?", "id": "56f8a1a49b226e1400dd0d09", "answers": [{"text": "Organisation of Islamic Cooperation", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Portuguese organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?", "id": "56f8a1a49b226e1400dd0d0a", "answers": [{"text": "Community of Portuguese Language Countries", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What West African organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?", "id": "56f8a1a49b226e1400dd0d0b", "answers": [{"text": "Economic Community of West African States", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What South Atlantic organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?", "id": "56f8a1a49b226e1400dd0d0c", "answers": [{"text": "South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Latin organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?", "id": "56f8a1a49b226e1400dd0d0d", "answers": [{"text": "the Latin Union", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Guinea-Bissau is a member of the United Nations, African Union, Economic Community of West African States, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Latin Union, Community of Portuguese Language Countries, La Francophonie and the South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone."}], ["Hanya 14% penduduk bercakap Portugis, ditubuhkan sebagai bahasa rasmi dalam tempoh penjajahan. Hampir separuh daripada penduduk (44%) bercakap Crioulo, bahasa kreol berasaskan Portugis, dan sisanya bercakap pelbagai bahasa Afrika asli. Agama-agama utama adalah agama-agama tradisional Afrika dan Islam; terdapat minoriti Kristian (kebanyakannya Roman Katolik). Keluaran domestik kasar per kapita negara adalah antara yang paling rendah di dunia. <> Berapa peratus penduduk berbahasa Portugis? || 14% <> Berapa peratus daripada penduduk bercakap Crioulo? || 44% <> Apakah dua agama utama? || Agama tradisional Afrika dan Islam <> Apakah status produk domestik kasar mereka? || salah satu yang paling rendah di dunia <> Apakah agama minoriti? || Kristian (kebanyakannya Katolik Roman)", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of the population speaks Portuguese?", "id": "56f8a0a89b226e1400dd0cf9", "answers": [{"text": "14%", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the population speaks Crioulo?", "id": "56f8a0a89b226e1400dd0cfa", "answers": [{"text": "44%", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the two main religions?", "id": "56f8a0a89b226e1400dd0cfb", "answers": [{"text": "African traditional religions and Islam", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is their gross domestic product status?", "id": "56f8a0a89b226e1400dd0cfc", "answers": [{"text": "one of the lowest in the world", "answer_start": 425}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the minority religion?", "id": "56f8a0a89b226e1400dd0cfd", "answers": [{"text": "Christian (mostly Roman Catholic)", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Only 14% of the population speaks Portuguese, established as the official language in the colonial period. Almost half the population (44%) speaks Crioulo, a Portuguese-based creole language, and the remainder speak a variety of native African languages. The main religions are African traditional religions and Islam; there is a Christian (mostly Roman Catholic) minority. The country's per-capita gross domestic product is one of the lowest in the world."}], ["Pemberontakan bersenjata yang bermula pada tahun 1956 oleh Parti Afrika untuk Kemerdekaan Guinea dan Tanjung Verde (PAIGC) di bawah pimpinan Am\u00edlcar Cabral secara beransur-ansur menyatukan penahanannya pada masa itu Guinea Guinea. Tidak seperti pergerakan gerila di jajahan Portugis yang lain, PAIGC dengan cepat memperluas kawalan ketenteraannya ke atas sebahagian besar wilayah, dibantu oleh kawasan yang mirip hutan, yang mudah dijangkau dengan sekutu-sekutu jiran, dan sejumlah besar senjata dari Cuba, China, Soviet Kesatuan, dan negara-negara Afrika yang bersandar. Cuba juga bersetuju untuk membekalkan pakar artileri, doktor, dan juruteknik. PAIGC juga berjaya memperoleh keupayaan anti-pesawat penting untuk mempertahankan dirinya daripada serangan udara. Menjelang tahun 1973, PAIGC mengawal banyak bahagian Guinea, walaupun pergerakan itu mengalami kemunduran pada bulan Januari 1973 ketika Cabral dibunuh. <> Kumpulan apa yang memulakan pemberontakan bersenjata di Guinea-Bissau? || Parti Afrika untuk Kemerdekaan Guinea dan Tanjung Verde (PAIGC) <> Kapan pemberontakan bersenjata bermula? || 1956 <> Siapa pemimpin pemberontakan bersenjata? || Am\u00edlcar Cabral <> Siapa yang memberikan doktor dan juruteknik kepada pemberontak? || Cuba <> Bilakah Cabral dibunuh? || Januari 1973", {"qas": [{"question": "What group started an armed rebellion in Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8ac9b9e9bad19000a02c9", "answers": [{"text": "African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC)", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the armed rebellion begin?", "id": "56f8ac9b9e9bad19000a02ca", "answers": [{"text": "1956", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the leader of the armed rebellion?", "id": "56f8ac9b9e9bad19000a02cb", "answers": [{"text": "Am\u00edlcar Cabral", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who supplied doctors and technicians to the rebels?", "id": "56f8ac9b9e9bad19000a02cc", "answers": [{"text": "Cuba", "answer_start": 545}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Cabral assassinated?", "id": "56f8ac9b9e9bad19000a02cd", "answers": [{"text": "January 1973", "answer_start": 842}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "An armed rebellion beginning in 1956 by the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) under the leadership of Am\u00edlcar Cabral gradually consolidated its hold on then Portuguese Guinea. Unlike guerrilla movements in other Portuguese colonies, the PAIGC rapidly extended its military control over large portions of the territory, aided by the jungle-like terrain, its easily reached borderlines with neighbouring allies, and large quantities of arms from Cuba, China, the Soviet Union, and left-leaning African countries. Cuba also agreed to supply artillery experts, doctors, and technicians. The PAIGC even managed to acquire a significant anti-aircraft capability in order to defend itself against aerial attack. By 1973, the PAIGC was in control of many parts of Guinea, although the movement suffered a setback in January 1973 when Cabral was assassinated."}], ["Guinea-Bissau pernah menjadi bagian dari kerajaan Gabu, serta sebahagian dari Kekaisaran Mali. Sebahagian dari kerajaan ini bertahan hingga abad ke-18, sementara beberapa yang lain dikuasai oleh Kerajaan Portugis sejak abad ke-16. Pada abad ke-19, ia dijajah sebagai Guinea Guinea. Selepas kemerdekaan, yang diisytiharkan pada tahun 1973 dan diiktiraf pada tahun 1974, nama ibunya, Bissau, telah ditambah ke nama negara untuk mengelakkan kekeliruan dengan Guinea (dahulu Guinea Perancis). Guinea-Bissau mempunyai sejarah ketidakstabilan politik sejak kemerdekaan, dan tidak ada presiden yang terpilih telah berjaya menjalani masa lima tahun penuh. <> Kerajaan apakah yang pernah menjadi Guinea-Bissau? || Gabu <> Apakah kekaisaran Guinea-Bissau pernah menjadi sebahagian? || Mali Empire <> Tahun apa Guinea-Bissau diisytiharkan bebas? || 1973 <> Negara apakah Guinea-Bissau berusaha membezakan dirinya? || Guinea (dahulu Guinea Guinea) <> Guinea-Bissau mempunyai sejarah apa sejak kemerdekaan? || ketidakstabilan politik", {"qas": [{"question": "What kingdom was Guinea-Bissau once part of?", "id": "56f89fcd9e9bad19000a01ed", "answers": [{"text": "Gabu", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What empire was Guinea-Bissau once part of?", "id": "56f89fcd9e9bad19000a01ee", "answers": [{"text": "Mali Empire", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Guinea-Bissau declared independent?", "id": "56f89fcd9e9bad19000a01ef", "answers": [{"text": "1973", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country did Guinea-Bissau seek to differentiate itself from?", "id": "56f89fcd9e9bad19000a01f0", "answers": [{"text": "Guinea (formerly French Guinea)", "answer_start": 444}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Guinea-Bissau has a history of what since independence?", "id": "56f89fcd9e9bad19000a01f1", "answers": [{"text": "political instability", "answer_start": 508}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Guinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Gabu, as well as part of the Mali Empire. Parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century, while a few others were under some rule by the Portuguese Empire since the 16th century. In the 19th century, it was colonized as Portuguese Guinea. Upon independence, declared in 1973 and recognised in 1974, the name of its capital, Bissau, was added to the country's name to prevent confusion with Guinea (formerly French Guinea). Guinea-Bissau has a history of political instability since independence, and no elected president has successfully served a full five-year term."}], ["Walaupun sungai-sungai dan pantai kawasan ini adalah antara tempat pertama yang dijajah oleh Portugis, yang mendirikan jawatan perdagangan pada abad ke-16, mereka tidak menjelajah kawasan pedalaman sehingga abad ke-19. Penguasa Afrika tempatan di Guinea, beberapa di antaranya beruntung dari perdagangan hamba, menguasai perdagangan pedalaman dan tidak membenarkan orang Eropah masuk ke pedalaman. Mereka memelihara mereka di perkampungan pantai yang diperkaya di mana perdagangan berlaku. Masyarakat Afrika yang berperang melawan peniaga hamba juga tidak mempercayai pengembara Eropah dan bakal peneroka. Portugis di Guinea sebahagian besarnya terhad kepada pelabuhan Bissau dan Cacheu. Sejumlah kecil peneroka Eropah menubuhkan ladang terpencil di sepanjang sungai pedalaman Bissau. <> Kawasan-kawasan apa yang tempat pertama dijajah oleh orang Portugis? || sungai-sungai dan pantai <> Bilakah Portugis mula-mula menubuhkan jawatan perdagangan di Guinea-Bissau? || Abad ke-16 <> Bilakah Portugis meneroka pedalaman Guinea-Bissau? || 19th century <> Yang menguasai perdagangan pedalaman di Guinea-Bissau pada masa ini? || penguasa Afrika tempatan <> Pelabuhan apa yang Portugis terbatas? || Bissau dan Cacheu", {"qas": [{"question": "What areas were the first places colonized by the Portuguese?", "id": "56f8aa3e9e9bad19000a029b", "answers": [{"text": "the rivers and coast", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Portuguese first set up trading posts in Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8aa3e9e9bad19000a029c", "answers": [{"text": "16th century", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Portuguese explore the interior of Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8aa3e9e9bad19000a029d", "answers": [{"text": "19th century", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who controlled the inland trade in Guinea-Bissau during this time?", "id": "56f8aa3e9e9bad19000a029e", "answers": [{"text": "local African rulers", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ports were the Portuguese restricted to?", "id": "56f8aa3e9e9bad19000a029f", "answers": [{"text": "Bissau and Cacheu", "answer_start": 637}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although the rivers and coast of this area were among the first places colonized by the Portuguese, who set up trading posts in the 16th century, they did not explore the interior until the 19th century. The local African rulers in Guinea, some of whom prospered greatly from the slave trade, controlled the inland trade and did not allow the Europeans into the interior. They kept them in the fortified coastal settlements where the trading took place. African communities that fought back against slave traders also distrusted European adventurers and would-be settlers. The Portuguese in Guinea were largely restricted to the port of Bissau and Cacheu. A small number of European settlers established isolated farms along Bissau's inland rivers."}], ["Pada petang 12 April 2012, anggota tentera negara mengadakan rampasan kuasa dan menahan presiden sementara dan calon presiden yang terkemuka. Bekas naib ketua kakitangan, Ketua Mamadu Ture Kuruma, menguasai negara dalam tempoh peralihan dan memulakan rundingan dengan partai pembangkang. <> Bilakah rampasan kuasa diadakan? || 12 April 2012 <> Siapa yang mengadakan rampasan kuasa? || anggota tentera negara <> Yang menganggap kawalan negara selepas rampasan kuasa? || Mamadu Ture Kuruma <> Siapa yang membuat Kuruma berunding dengannya? || parti pembangkang <> Apakah kedudukan bekas Kuruma? || naib ketua kakitangan", {"qas": [{"question": "When was a coup d'etat staged?", "id": "56f8cfb29e9bad19000a056c", "answers": [{"text": "12 April 2012", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who staged the coup d'etat?", "id": "56f8cfb29e9bad19000a056d", "answers": [{"text": "members of the country's military", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who assumed control of the country after the coup d'etat?", "id": "56f8cfb29e9bad19000a056e", "answers": [{"text": "Mamadu Ture Kuruma", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Kuruma negotiate with?", "id": "56f8cfb29e9bad19000a056f", "answers": [{"text": "opposition parties", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Kuruma's former position?", "id": "56f8cfb29e9bad19000a0570", "answers": [{"text": "vice chief of staff", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On the evening of 12 April 2012, members of the country's military staged a coup d'\u00e9tat and arrested the interim president and a leading presidential candidate. Former vice chief of staff, General Mamadu Ture Kuruma, assumed control of the country in the transitional period and started negotiations with opposition parties."}], ["Tiga tahun kemudian, PAIGC memenangi majoriti kuat parlimen, dengan 67 dari 100 kerusi, dalam pilihan raya parlimen yang diadakan pada bulan November 2008. Pada bulan November 2008, kediaman rasmi Presiden Vieira diserang oleh anggota angkatan bersenjata, membunuh pengawal tetapi meninggalkan presiden tidak selamat. <> Bilakah pilihan raya parlimen diadakan? || November 2008 <> Siapa yang memenangi majoriti kuat dalam pilihan raya? || PAIGC <> Berapa banyak kerusi yang menang PAIGC dalam pilihan raya? || 67 <> Kediaman siapa yang diserang oleh anggota angkatan tentera? || Presiden Vieira <> Bilakah serangan ke atas kediaman berlaku? || November 2008", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the parliamentary election held?", "id": "56f8cb539b226e1400dd101d", "answers": [{"text": "November 2008", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who won a strong majority in the election?", "id": "56f8cb539b226e1400dd101e", "answers": [{"text": "PAIGC", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many seats did PAIGC win in the election?", "id": "56f8cb539b226e1400dd101f", "answers": [{"text": "67", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose residence was attacked by members of the armed forces?", "id": "56f8cb539b226e1400dd1020", "answers": [{"text": "President Vieira's", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the attack on the residence occur?", "id": "56f8cb539b226e1400dd1021", "answers": [{"text": "November 2008", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Three years later, PAIGC won a strong parliamentary majority, with 67 of 100 seats, in the parliamentary election held in November 2008. In November 2008, President Vieira's official residence was attacked by members of the armed forces, killing a guard but leaving the president unharmed."}], ["Guinea-Bissau adalah republik. Pada masa lalu, kerajaan telah sangat berpusat. Tadbir urus multi-parti tidak ditubuhkan sehingga pertengahan 1991. Presiden adalah ketua negara dan perdana menteri adalah ketua pemerintahan. Sejak tahun 1974, tiada presiden telah berjaya memegang jawatan selama lima tahun penuh. <> Negara apakah yang disenaraikan sebagai republik? || Guinea-Bissau <> Bilakah kerajaan telah sangat terpusat? || Pada masa lalu <> Bilakah tadbir urus multi-parti ditubuhkan? || pertengahan 1991 <> Siapa kepala negara? || presiden <> Siapa ketua kerajaan? || Perdana Menteri", {"qas": [{"question": "What country is listed as a republic?", "id": "56f8d0389e9bad19000a057e", "answers": [{"text": "Guinea-Bissau", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When had the government been highly centralized?", "id": "56f8d0389e9bad19000a057f", "answers": [{"text": "In the past", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was multi-party governance established?", "id": "56f8d0389e9bad19000a0580", "answers": [{"text": "mid-1991", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the head of state?", "id": "56f8d0389e9bad19000a0581", "answers": [{"text": "president", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the head of government?", "id": "56f8d0389e9bad19000a0582", "answers": [{"text": "prime minister", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Guinea-Bissau is a republic. In the past, the government had been highly centralized. Multi-party governance was not established until mid-1991. The president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government. Since 1974, no president has successfully served a full five-year term."}], ["Negara ini dikawal oleh sebuah majlis revolusioner sehingga tahun 1984. Pilihan raya multi-parti pertama diadakan pada tahun 1994. Pemberontakan tentera pada bulan Mei 1998 menyebabkan Perang Saudara Guinea-Bissau dan presiden yang digulingkan pada bulan Jun 1999. Pemilihan telah diadakan semula pada tahun 2000 , dan Kumba Ial\u00e1 dipilih sebagai presiden. <> Siapa yang menguasai negara ini sebelum tahun 1984? || sebuah majlis revolusi <> Bilakah pemilihan multi-parti pertama diadakan? || 1994 <> Apa yang menyebabkan Perang Saudara Guinea-Bissau? || Pemberontakan tentera <> Bilakah presiden digulingkan? || Jun 1999 <> Siapa yang terpilih sebagai presiden dalam pilihan raya 2000? || Kumba Ial\u00e1", {"qas": [{"question": "Who controlled the country prior to 1984?", "id": "56f8c7fa9b226e1400dd0fcf", "answers": [{"text": "a revolutionary council", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the first multi-party elections held?", "id": "56f8c7fa9b226e1400dd0fd0", "answers": [{"text": "1994", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What led to the Guinea-Bissau Civil War?", "id": "56f8c7fa9b226e1400dd0fd1", "answers": [{"text": "An army uprising", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the president ousted?", "id": "56f8c7fa9b226e1400dd0fd2", "answers": [{"text": "June 1999", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was elected president in the 2000 election?", "id": "56f8c7fa9b226e1400dd0fd3", "answers": [{"text": "Kumba Ial\u00e1", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The country was controlled by a revolutionary council until 1984. The first multi-party elections were held in 1994. An army uprising in May 1998 led to the Guinea-Bissau Civil War and the president's ousting in June 1999. Elections were held again in 2000, and Kumba Ial\u00e1 was elected president."}], ["Walaupun laporan mengenai senjata yang memasuki negara ini sebelum pilihan raya dan beberapa \"gangguan semasa berkempen,\" termasuk serangan terhadap pejabat kerajaan oleh orang bersenjata yang tidak dikenali, pemantau pilihan raya asing menggambarkan keseluruhan pilihan raya 2005 sebagai \"tenang dan teratur\". <> Apa yang dilaporkan memasuki negara ini sebelum pilihan raya? || tangan <> Apa jenis \"gangguan\" dilaporkan semasa kempen? || serangan ke pejabat kerajaan <> Bagaimana pemantau pemilihan asing menggambarkan pilihan raya? || \"tenang dan teratur\" <> Tahun apakah pilihan raya diadakan? || 2005 <> Di mana pilihan raya memantau tempatan, atau asing? || asing", {"qas": [{"question": "What was reported to be entering the country prior to the election?", "id": "56f8ca0f9e9bad19000a04fa", "answers": [{"text": "arms", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of \"disturbances\" were reported during the campaign?", "id": "56f8ca0f9e9bad19000a04fb", "answers": [{"text": "attacks on government offices", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did foreign election monitors describe the election?", "id": "56f8ca0f9e9bad19000a04fc", "answers": [{"text": "\"calm and organized\"", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the election held?", "id": "56f8ca0f9e9bad19000a04fd", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where the election monitors local, or foreign?", "id": "56f8ca0f9e9bad19000a04fe", "answers": [{"text": "foreign", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Despite reports of arms entering the country prior to the election and some \"disturbances during campaigning,\" including attacks on government offices by unidentified gunmen, foreign election monitors described the 2005 election overall as \"calm and organized\"."}], ["Di peringkat perundangan, Assembleia Nacional Popular (Perhimpunan Rakyat Kebangsaan) yang bersifat unicameral terdiri daripada 100 ahli. Mereka dipilih secara popular dari kawasan pelbagai ahli untuk berkhidmat dalam tempoh empat tahun. Sistem kehakiman diketuai oleh Tribunal Supremo da Justi\u00e7a (Mahkamah Agung), terdiri daripada sembilan hakim yang dilantik oleh presiden; mereka berkhidmat di keramaian presiden. <> Berapa ramai ahli yang menyusun badan perundangan? || 100 <> Adakah undang-undang bicameral atau unicameral? || unicameral <> Berapa lama ahli berkhidmat di badan perundangan? || jangka empat tahun <> Apakah ketua sistem peradilan? || Tribunal Supremo da Justi\u00e7a (Mahkamah Agung) <> Berapa banyak hakim di Mahkamah Agung? || sembilan", {"qas": [{"question": "How many members compose the legislature?", "id": "56f8d10e9b226e1400dd1065", "answers": [{"text": "100", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is the legislature bicameral or unicameral?", "id": "56f8d10e9b226e1400dd1066", "answers": [{"text": "unicameral", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long do members serve in the legislature?", "id": "56f8d10e9b226e1400dd1067", "answers": [{"text": "four-year term", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the head of the judicial system?", "id": "56f8d10e9b226e1400dd1068", "answers": [{"text": "Tribunal Supremo da Justi\u00e7a (Supreme Court)", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many justices are on the Supreme Court?", "id": "56f8d10e9b226e1400dd1069", "answers": [{"text": "nine", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At the legislative level, a unicameral Assembleia Nacional Popular (National People's Assembly) is made up of 100 members. They are popularly elected from multi-member constituencies to serve a four-year term. The judicial system is headed by a Tribunal Supremo da Justi\u00e7a (Supreme Court), made up of nine justices appointed by the president; they serve at the pleasure of the president."}], ["Pada September 2003, rampasan kuasa tentera telah dijalankan. Tentera menangkap Ial\u00e1 atas tuduhan \"tidak dapat menyelesaikan masalah\". Selepas ditangguhkan beberapa kali, pilihan raya perundangan telah diadakan pada bulan Mac 2004. Satu pemberontakan puak tentera pada bulan Oktober 2004 mengakibatkan kematian ketua angkatan tentera dan menyebabkan pergolakan yang meluas. <> Bilakah kudeta ketenteraan dijalankan? || September 2003 <> Siapa yang ditahan tentera? || Ial\u00e1 <> Bilakah pilihan raya legislatif diadakan? || Mac 2004 <> Bilakah berlaku pemberontakan puak tentera? || Oktober 2004 <> Siapa yang mati dalam pemberontakan itu? || ketua angkatan bersenjata", {"qas": [{"question": "When was a military coup conducted?", "id": "56f8c8829e9bad19000a04d0", "answers": [{"text": "September 2003", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the military arrest?", "id": "56f8c8829e9bad19000a04d1", "answers": [{"text": "Ial\u00e1", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were legislative elections held?", "id": "56f8c8829e9bad19000a04d2", "answers": [{"text": "March 2004", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the mutiny of military factions occur?", "id": "56f8c8829e9bad19000a04d3", "answers": [{"text": "October 2004", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who died in the mutiny?", "id": "56f8c8829e9bad19000a04d4", "answers": [{"text": "the head of the armed forces", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In September 2003, a military coup was conducted. The military arrested Ial\u00e1 on the charge of being \"unable to solve the problems\". After being delayed several times, legislative elections were held in March 2004. A mutiny of military factions in October 2004 resulted in the death of the head of the armed forces and caused widespread unrest."}], ["Namun, pada 2 Mac 2009, Vieira dibunuh oleh laporan awal yang dikatakan sebagai kumpulan tentera yang menuntut kematian kepala ketua bersama, Jenderal Batista Tagme Na Wai. Tagme mati dalam letupan pada hari Ahad, 1 Mac 2009, sasaran pembunuhan. Pemimpin tentera di negara ini berjanji untuk menghormati perintah penggantian perlembagaan. Speaker Dewan Undangan Nasional Raimundo Pereira dilantik sebagai presiden sementara sehingga pilihan raya seluruh negara pada 28 Jun 2009. Ia dimenangi oleh Malam Bacai Sanh\u00e1. <> Siapa yang dibunuh pada 2 Mac 2009? || Vieira <> Siapa yang dibunuh pada 1 Mac 2009? || Ketua Batista Tagme Na Wai <> Siapa yang berjanji untuk menghormati urutan penggantian konstitusional? || Pemimpin ketenteraan <> Yang telah dilantik sebagai presiden sementara? || Raimundo Pereira <> Siapa yang memenangi pemilihan pada bulan Jun 2009? || Malam Bacai Sanh\u00e1", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was assassinated on 2 March 2009?", "id": "56f8ceed9b226e1400dd1047", "answers": [{"text": "Vieira", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was assassinated on 1 March 2009?", "id": "56f8ceed9b226e1400dd1048", "answers": [{"text": "General Batista Tagme Na Wai", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who pledged to respect the constitutional order of succession?", "id": "56f8ceed9b226e1400dd1049", "answers": [{"text": "Military leaders", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was appointed interim president?", "id": "56f8ceed9b226e1400dd104a", "answers": [{"text": "Raimundo Pereira", "answer_start": 398}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who won the election in June 2009?", "id": "56f8ceed9b226e1400dd104b", "answers": [{"text": "Malam Bacai Sanh\u00e1", "answer_start": 512}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 2 March 2009, however, Vieira was assassinated by what preliminary reports indicated to be a group of soldiers avenging the death of the head of joint chiefs of staff, General Batista Tagme Na Wai. Tagme died in an explosion on Sunday, 1 March 2009, target of an assassination. Military leaders in the country pledged to respect the constitutional order of succession. National Assembly Speaker Raimundo Pereira was appointed as an interim president until a nationwide election on 28 June 2009. It was won by Malam Bacai Sanh\u00e1."}], ["Pada bulan Jun 2005, pilihan raya presiden telah diadakan buat kali pertama sejak rampasan kuasa yang meletus Ial\u00e1. Ial\u00e1 kembali sebagai calon PRS, mendakwa sebagai presiden negara yang sah, tetapi pemilihan itu dimenangi oleh bekas presiden Jo\u00e3o Bernardo Vieira, yang digulingkan pada rampasan kuasa tahun 1999. Vieira mengalahkan Malam Bacai Sanh\u00e1 dalam pilihan raya larian. Sanh\u00e1 pada mulanya enggan mengakui, mendakwa penipuan dan penipuan pilihan raya berlaku di dua kawasan termasuk ibu kota, Bissau. <> Selepas rampasan kuasa, ketika pemilihan presiden diadakan? || Jun 2005 <> Pada masa itu, siapa yang mengaku sebagai presiden yang sah negara? || Ial\u00e1 <> Siapa yang memenangi pilihan raya? || Jo\u00e3o Bernardo Vieira <> Siapa yang mengalahkan Vieira dalam pilihan raya larian? || Malam Bacai Sanh\u00e1 <> Kapan Vieira, bekas presiden, digulingkan? || 1999", {"qas": [{"question": "After the coup, when were presidential elections held?", "id": "56f8c95e9b226e1400dd0ff3", "answers": [{"text": "June 2005", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At that time, who ran claiming to be the legitimate president of the country?", "id": "56f8c95e9b226e1400dd0ff4", "answers": [{"text": "Ial\u00e1", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who won the election?", "id": "56f8c95e9b226e1400dd0ff5", "answers": [{"text": "Jo\u00e3o Bernardo Vieira", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Vieira beat in a runoff election?", "id": "56f8c95e9b226e1400dd0ff6", "answers": [{"text": "Malam Bacai Sanh\u00e1", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Vieira, a former president, deposed?", "id": "56f8c95e9b226e1400dd0ff7", "answers": [{"text": "1999", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In June 2005, presidential elections were held for the first time since the coup that deposed Ial\u00e1. Ial\u00e1 returned as the candidate for the PRS, claiming to be the legitimate president of the country, but the election was won by former president Jo\u00e3o Bernardo Vieira, deposed in the 1999 coup. Vieira beat Malam Bacai Sanh\u00e1 in a runoff election. Sanh\u00e1 initially refused to concede, claiming that tampering and electoral fraud occurred in two constituencies including the capital, Bissau."}], ["Lu\u00eds Cabral, abang Am\u00edlcar dan pengasas bersama PAIGC, dilantik sebagai Presiden pertama Guinea-Bissau. Berikutan kemerdekaan, PAIGC membunuh beribu-ribu tentera Guinian tempatan yang telah bertempur bersama Tentera Portugis melawan gerila. Ada yang melarikan diri untuk menetap di Portugal atau negara-negara Afrika yang lain. Salah satu daripada pembunuhan beramai-ramai berlaku di bandar Bissor\u00e3. Pada tahun 1980 PAIGC diakui dalam akhbarnya N\u00f3 Pintcha (bertarikh 29 November 1980) bahawa banyak tentera Gueinean telah dibunuh dan dikebumikan di kuburan kolektif yang tidak bertanda di hutan Cumer\u00e1, Portogole, dan Mansab\u00e1. <> Siapa yang Presiden pertama Guinea-Bissau? || Lu\u00eds Cabral <> Berapa banyak tentera Guinean yang membunuh PAIGC? || beribu-ribu <> Di mana salah satu daripada pembunuhan beramai-ramai berlaku? || Bissor\u00e3 <> Bilakah PAIGC mengakui hukuman mati? || 29 November 1980 <> Di mana tentera dikebumikan? || Cumer\u00e1, Portogole, dan Mansab\u00e1", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the first President of Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8c76e9e9bad19000a04aa", "answers": [{"text": "Lu\u00eds Cabral", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Guinean soldiers did the PAIGC kill?", "id": "56f8c76e9e9bad19000a04ab", "answers": [{"text": "thousands", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did one of the massacres occur?", "id": "56f8c76e9e9bad19000a04ac", "answers": [{"text": "Bissor\u00e3", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the PAIGC acknowledge the executions?", "id": "56f8c76e9e9bad19000a04ad", "answers": [{"text": "29 November 1980", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the soldiers buried?", "id": "56f8c76e9e9bad19000a04ae", "answers": [{"text": "Cumer\u00e1, Portogole, and Mansab\u00e1", "answer_start": 554}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Lu\u00eds Cabral, brother of Am\u00edlcar and co-founder of PAIGC, was appointed the first President of Guinea-Bissau. Following independence, the PAIGC killed thousands of local Guinean soldiers who had fought along with the Portuguese Army against guerrillas. Some escaped to settle in Portugal or other African nations. One of the massacres occurred in the town of Bissor\u00e3. In 1980 the PAIGC acknowledged in its newspaper N\u00f3 Pintcha (dated 29 November 1980) that many Gueinean soldiers had been executed and buried in unmarked collective graves in the woods of Cumer\u00e1, Portogole, and Mansab\u00e1."}], ["Guinea-Bissau dibahagikan kepada lapan wilayah (regi\u00f5es) dan satu sektor autonomi (aut\u00f3nomo sektor). Ini, seterusnya, dibahagikan kepada 37 Sektor. Kawasan adalah: <> Berapa banyak wilayah yang terdapat di Guinea-Bissau? || lapan <> Berapa banyak sektor autonomi yang mengandungi Guinea-Bissau? || satu <> Berapa banyak Sektor terbahagi kepada Guinea-Bissau? || 37", {"qas": [{"question": "How many regions does Guinea-Bissau contain?", "id": "56f8d9349b226e1400dd10da", "answers": [{"text": "eight", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many autonomous sectors does Guinea-Bissau contain?", "id": "56f8d9349b226e1400dd10db", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many subdivided Sectors does Guinea-Bissau contain?", "id": "56f8d9349b226e1400dd10dc", "answers": [{"text": "37", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Guinea-Bissau is divided into eight regions (regi\u00f5es) and one autonomous sector (sector aut\u00f3nomo). These, in turn, are subdivided into 37 Sectors. The regions are:"}], ["Guinea-Bissau bersempadan dengan Senegal di utara dan Guinea di selatan dan timur, dengan Lautan Atlantik di baratnya. Ia terletak di antara latitud 11 \u00b0 dan 13 \u00b0 N (kawasan kecil adalah selatan 11 \u00b0), dan lintang 13 \u00b0 dan 17 \u00b0 W. <> Negara apakah di sempadan utara Guinea-Bissau? || Senegal <> Negara apakah di sempadan selatan Guinea-Bissau? || Guinea <> Apa di sebelah barat Guinea-Bissau? || Lautan Atlantik <> Lintang apa yang Guinea-Bissau kebanyakannya terletak di antara? || 11 \u00b0 dan 13 \u00b0 N <> Bagaimanakah bujurnya Guinea-Bissau? || 13 \u00b0 dan 17 \u00b0 W", {"qas": [{"question": "What country is on the north border of Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8d9db9b226e1400dd10e0", "answers": [{"text": "Senegal", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country is on the south border of Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8d9db9b226e1400dd10e1", "answers": [{"text": "Guinea", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is to the west of Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8d9db9b226e1400dd10e2", "answers": [{"text": "Atlantic Ocean", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What latitudes does Guinea-Bissau mostly lie between?", "id": "56f8d9db9b226e1400dd10e3", "answers": [{"text": "11\u00b0 and 13\u00b0N", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What longitudes does Guinea-Bissau mostly lie between?", "id": "56f8d9db9b226e1400dd10e4", "answers": [{"text": "13\u00b0 and 17\u00b0W", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Guinea-Bissau is bordered by Senegal to the north and Guinea to the south and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to its west. It lies mostly between latitudes 11\u00b0 and 13\u00b0N (a small area is south of 11\u00b0), and longitudes 13\u00b0 and 17\u00b0W."}], ["Guinea-Bissau hangat sepanjang tahun dan terdapat turun naik suhu sedikit; ia purata 26.3 \u00b0 C (79.3 \u00b0 F). Curah hujan purata untuk Bissau adalah 2,024 milimeter (79.7 in) walaupun ini hampir seluruhnya diambil kira semasa musim hujan yang jatuh antara bulan Jun dan September / Oktober. Dari bulan Disember hingga April, negara mengalami kemarau. <> Apakah hujan purata di Bissau, dalam milimeter? || 2.024 <> Bilakah musim hujan di Guinea-Bissau? || antara bulan Jun dan September / Oktober <> Apa pengalaman negara dari Disember hingga April? || kekeringan <> Kapan Guinea-Bissau hangat? || sepanjang tahun di sekitar <> Apakah suhu purata di Guinea-Bissau? || 26.3 \u00b0 C (79.3 \u00b0 F)", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the average rainfall in Bissau, in millimetres?", "id": "56f8dbaa9b226e1400dd110e", "answers": [{"text": "2,024", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When is the rainy season in Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8dbaa9b226e1400dd110f", "answers": [{"text": "between June and September/October", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the country experience from December through April?", "id": "56f8dbaa9b226e1400dd1110", "answers": [{"text": "drought", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When is Guinea-Bissau warm?", "id": "56f8dbaa9b226e1400dd1111", "answers": [{"text": "all year around", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average temperature in Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8dbaa9b226e1400dd1112", "answers": [{"text": "26.3 \u00b0C (79.3 \u00b0F)", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Guinea-Bissau is warm all year around and there is little temperature fluctuation; it averages 26.3 \u00b0C (79.3 \u00b0F). The average rainfall for Bissau is 2,024 millimetres (79.7 in) although this is almost entirely accounted for during the rainy season which falls between June and September/October. From December through April, the country experiences drought."}], ["GDP per kapita Guinea-Bissau adalah salah satu yang paling rendah di dunia, dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia adalah salah satu yang paling rendah di bumi. Lebih daripada dua pertiga penduduk hidup di bawah garis kemiskinan. Ekonomi bergantung terutamanya kepada pertanian; ikan, kacang mete dan kacang tanah adalah eksport utama. <> Berapa banyak penduduk yang tinggal di bawah garis kemiskinan? || Lebih daripada dua pertiga <> Apa eksport utama Guinea-Bissau? || ikan, kacang methew dan kacang tanah <> Apakah indeks per kapita apakah pangkat Guinea-Bissau sebagai salah satu yang paling rendah di dunia? || PDB <> Untuk indeks apa yang dikatakan Guinea-Bissau sebagai salah satu yang paling rendah di bumi? || Indeks Pembangunan Manusia <> Kawasan apa yang bergantung kepada pertanian di Guinea-Bissau? || Ekonomi", {"qas": [{"question": "How much of the population lives below the poverty line?", "id": "56f8dcd39b226e1400dd1130", "answers": [{"text": "More than two-thirds", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are Guinea-Bissau's major exports?", "id": "56f8dcd39b226e1400dd1131", "answers": [{"text": "fish, cashew nuts and ground nuts", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What per capita index does Guinea-Bissau rank as one of the lowest in the world?", "id": "56f8dcd39b226e1400dd1132", "answers": [{"text": "GDP", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what index does Guinea-Bissau rank as one of the lowest on earth?", "id": "56f8dcd39b226e1400dd1133", "answers": [{"text": "Human Development Index", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What area depends on agriculture in Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8dcd39b226e1400dd1134", "answers": [{"text": "The economy", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Guinea-Bissau's GDP per capita is one of the lowest in the world, and its Human Development Index is one of the lowest on earth. More than two-thirds of the population lives below the poverty line. The economy depends mainly on agriculture; fish, cashew nuts and ground nuts are its major exports."}], ["Di 36,125 kilometer persegi (13,948 meter persegi), negara ini lebih besar daripada Taiwan atau Belgium. Ia terletak pada ketinggian rendah; titik tertinggi ialah 300 meter (984 kaki). Kawasan yang paling banyak adalah dataran pantai yang rendah dengan paya bakau Guinean naik ke mosaik hutan-savana Guinean di timur. Musim hujan seperti monsunnya bergilir-gilir dengan tempoh angin musim panas yang panas, membahayakan angin dari Sahara. The Bijagos Archipelago terletak di luar tanah besar. <> Guinea-Bissau lebih besar daripada apa dua negara? || Taiwan atau Belgium <> Berapa tingginya titik tertinggi di Guinea-Bissau? || 300 meter (984 kaki) <> Apa kepulauan yang terletak di daratan? || Bijagos <> Berapa banyak kilometer persegi Guinea-Bissau? || 36,125 <> Di manakah Guinea-Bissau mendapat angin kering yang panas? || Sahara", {"qas": [{"question": "Guinea-Bissau is larger than what two countries?", "id": "56f8daad9b226e1400dd10fa", "answers": [{"text": "Taiwan or Belgium", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How high is the highest point in Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8daad9b226e1400dd10fb", "answers": [{"text": "300 metres (984 ft)", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What archipelago lies off the mainland?", "id": "56f8daad9b226e1400dd10fc", "answers": [{"text": "Bijagos", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many square kilometers is Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8daad9b226e1400dd10fd", "answers": [{"text": "36,125", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does Guinea-Bissau get its hot dry winds from?", "id": "56f8daad9b226e1400dd10fe", "answers": [{"text": "the Sahara", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi), the country is larger in size than Taiwan or Belgium. It lies at a low altitude; its highest point is 300 metres (984 ft). The terrain of is mostly low coastal plain with swamps of Guinean mangroves rising to Guinean forest-savanna mosaic in the east. Its monsoon-like rainy season alternates with periods of hot, dry harmattan winds blowing from the Sahara. The Bijagos Archipelago lies off of the mainland."}], ["Tempoh ketidakstabilan politik telah menyebabkan aktiviti ekonomi yang merosot, keadaan sosial yang merosot, dan peningkatan ketidakseimbangan makroekonomi. Ia mengambil masa lebih lama untuk mendaftarkan perniagaan baru di Guinea-Bissau (233 hari atau lebih kurang 33 minggu) daripada di mana-mana negara lain di dunia kecuali Suriname. [The Economist, Pocket World in Figures, 2008 Edition, London: Books Profiles] <> Ketidakstabilan politik telah menghasilkan apa jenis aktiviti ekonomi? || tertekan <> Ketidakstabilan politik telah menghasilkan penerangan tentang keadaan sosial? || merosot <> Apa jenis ketidakseimbangan yang meningkat akibat ketidakstabilan? || makroekonomi <> Berapa lamakah diperlukan untuk mendaftarkan perniagaan di Guinea-Bissau? || 233 hari atau kira-kira 33 minggu <> Apa satu negara yang memerlukan lebih lama daripada Guinea-Bissau untuk mendaftar perniagaan? || Suriname", {"qas": [{"question": "Political instability has resulted in what type of economic activity?", "id": "56f8ddcc9b226e1400dd113a", "answers": [{"text": "depressed", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Political instability has resulted in what description of social conditions?", "id": "56f8ddcc9b226e1400dd113b", "answers": [{"text": "deteriorating", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of imbalances have increased as a result of the instability?", "id": "56f8ddcc9b226e1400dd113c", "answers": [{"text": "macroeconomic", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long does it take to register a business in Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8ddcc9b226e1400dd113d", "answers": [{"text": "233 days or about 33 weeks", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the one country that takes longer than Guinea-Bissau to register a business?", "id": "56f8ddcc9b226e1400dd113e", "answers": [{"text": "Suriname", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A long period of political instability has resulted in depressed economic activity, deteriorating social conditions, and increased macroeconomic imbalances. It takes longer on average to register a new business in Guinea-Bissau (233 days or about 33 weeks) than in any other country in the world except Suriname. [The Economist, Pocket World in Figures, 2008 Edition, London: Profile Books]"}], ["Jo\u00e3o Bernardo \"Nino\" Vieira dipilih pada tahun 2005 sebagai Presiden Guinea-Bissau sebagai seorang yang bebas, yang diisytiharkan pemenang pusingan kedua oleh CNE (Comit\u00e9 Nacional de Elei\u00e7\u00f5es). Vieira kembali berkuasa pada tahun 2005 enam tahun selepas digulingkan dari pejabat semasa perang saudara. Sebelum ini, beliau memegang kuasa selama 19 tahun selepas mengambil alih kuasa pada 1980 dalam rampasan kuasa tanpa darah. Dalam tindakan itu, dia menggulingkan kerajaan Lu\u00eds Cabral. <> Siapa yang dipilih sebagai Presiden pada tahun 2005? || Jo\u00e3o Bernardo \"Nino\" Vieira <> Badan apa yang membuat pengisytiharan yang memenangi jawatan presiden? || CNE (Comit\u00e9 Nacional de Elei\u00e7\u00f5es) <> Berapa lama sejak Vieira memegang jawatan presiden? || enam tahun <> Apa tahun pertama Vieira menganggap kuasa? || 1980 <> Yang kerajaan Vieira menjatuhkan pada tahun 1980? || Lu\u00eds Cabral", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was elected as President in 2005?", "id": "56f8d6e09e9bad19000a05c6", "answers": [{"text": "Jo\u00e3o Bernardo \"Nino\" Vieira", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What body made the declaration of who won the presidency?", "id": "56f8d6e09e9bad19000a05c7", "answers": [{"text": "CNE (Comit\u00e9 Nacional de Elei\u00e7\u00f5es)", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long was it since Vieira had held the office of president?", "id": "56f8d6e09e9bad19000a05c8", "answers": [{"text": "six years", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Vieira first assume power?", "id": "56f8d6e09e9bad19000a05c9", "answers": [{"text": "1980", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose government did Vieira topple in 1980?", "id": "56f8d6e09e9bad19000a05ca", "answers": [{"text": "Lu\u00eds Cabral", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Jo\u00e3o Bernardo \"Nino\" Vieira was elected in 2005 as President of Guinea-Bissau as an independent, being declared winner of the second round by the CNE (Comit\u00e9 Nacional de Elei\u00e7\u00f5es). Vieira returned to power in 2005 six years after being ousted from office during a civil war. Previously, he held power for 19 years after taking power in 1980 in a bloodless coup. In that action, he toppled the government of Lu\u00eds Cabral."}], ["Pada tahun 2012, Presiden Rachide Sambu-balde Malam Bacai Sanh\u00e1 meninggal dunia. Beliau berasal dari PAIGC (Partai Afrika untuk Kemerdekaan Guinea dan Tanjung Verde), salah satu dari dua partai politik utama di Guinea-Bissau, bersama dengan PRS (Partai Pembaharuan Sosial). Terdapat lebih daripada 20 parti kecil. <> Bilakah Presiden Sanha mati? || 2012 <> Parti mana yang dimiliki Sanha? || PAIGC (Parti Afrika untuk Kemerdekaan Guinea dan Tanjung Verde) <> Selain PAIGC, apakah parti politik utama yang lain? || PRS (Parti Pembaharuan Sosial) <> Berapa banyak parti politik kecil di sana? || lebih daripada 20 <> Pejabat apa Sanha memegang pada tahun 2012? || Presiden", {"qas": [{"question": "When did President Sanha die?", "id": "56f8d8959e9bad19000a05e0", "answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What party did Sanha belong to?", "id": "56f8d8959e9bad19000a05e1", "answers": [{"text": "PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde)", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides the PAIGC, what is the other major political party?", "id": "56f8d8959e9bad19000a05e2", "answers": [{"text": "PRS (Party for Social Renewal)", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many minor political parties are there?", "id": "56f8d8959e9bad19000a05e3", "answers": [{"text": "more than 20", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What office did Sanha hold in 2012?", "id": "56f8d8959e9bad19000a05e4", "answers": [{"text": "President", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2012, President Rachide Sambu-balde Malam Bacai Sanh\u00e1 died. He belonged to PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde), one of the two major political parties in Guinea-Bissau, along with the PRS (Party for Social Renewal). There are more than 20 minor parties."}], ["Guinea-Bissau telah mula menunjukkan beberapa kemajuan ekonomi selepas satu pakatan kestabilan ditandatangani oleh parti politik utama negara, yang membawa kepada program reformasi struktur IMF yang disokong oleh IMF. Cabaran utama negara ini dalam tempoh yang akan datang adalah untuk mencapai disiplin fiskal, membina semula pentadbiran awam, memperbaiki iklim ekonomi untuk pelaburan swasta, dan mempromosikan kepelbagaian ekonomi. Selepas negara itu menjadi bebas dari Portugal pada tahun 1974 disebabkan oleh Perang Kolonial Portugis dan Revolusi Carnation, pengusiran pesat dari pihak berkuasa awam, tentera dan politik Portugis mengakibatkan kerosakan besar terhadap infrastruktur ekonomi negara, ketertiban sosial, dan taraf hidup . <> Apa yang ditandatangani oleh parti-parti politik utama untuk membantu ekonomi? || sebuah pakatan kestabilan <> Organisasi apa yang menyokong program reformasi struktur? || IMF <> Bilakah Guinea-Bissau menjadi bebas? || 1974 <> Negara apakah yang meninggalkan Guinea-Bissau pada tahun 1974? || Portugal <> Apa yang berlaku di Portugal yang menyumbang kepada kemerdekaan Guinea-Bissau? || Perang Kolonial Portugis dan Revolusi Carnation", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the main political parties sign to help the economy?", "id": "56f8deb99b226e1400dd1144", "answers": [{"text": "a pact of stability", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization backed a structural reform program?", "id": "56f8deb99b226e1400dd1145", "answers": [{"text": "IMF", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Guinea-Bissau become independent?", "id": "56f8deb99b226e1400dd1146", "answers": [{"text": "1974", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country left Guinea-Bissau in 1974?", "id": "56f8deb99b226e1400dd1147", "answers": [{"text": "Portugal", "answer_start": 445}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened in Portugal that contributed to Guinea-Bissau's independence?", "id": "56f8deb99b226e1400dd1148", "answers": [{"text": "the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution", "answer_start": 469}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Guinea-Bissau has started to show some economic advances after a pact of stability was signed by the main political parties of the country, leading to an IMF-backed structural reform program. The key challenges for the country in the period ahead are to achieve fiscal discipline, rebuild public administration, improve the economic climate for private investment, and promote economic diversification. After the country became independent from Portugal in 1974 due to the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution, the rapid exodus of the Portuguese civilian, military, and political authorities resulted in considerable damage to the country's economic infrastructure, social order, and standard of living."}], ["Dia dibunuh pada 2 Mac 2009, mungkin oleh tentera sebagai pembalasan atas pembunuhan Ketua Batista Tagme Na Waie, ketua ketua pasukan bersama, terbunuh dalam letupan. Kematian Vieira tidak menimbulkan keganasan yang meluas, tetapi terdapat tanda-tanda kekacauan di negara ini, menurut kumpulan advokasi Swisspeace. Malam Bacai Sanh\u00e1 dipilih selepas peralihan. Pada pilihan raya 2009 untuk menggantikan Vieira yang dibunuh, Sanh\u00e1 adalah calon presiden PAIGC manakala Kumba Ial\u00e1 adalah calon presiden PRS. <> Apa yang TIDAK dicetuskan oleh kematian Vieira? || keganasan yang meluas <> Bilakah Vieira dibunuh? || 2 Mac 2009 <> Pada pilihan raya 2009, siapa calon PAIGC? || Sanh\u00e1 <> Pada pilihan raya 2009, siapa calon PRS? || Kumba Ial\u00e1 <> Siapa menang pilihan raya 2009? || Sanh\u00e1", {"qas": [{"question": "What was NOT triggered by Vieira's death?", "id": "56f8d7c39b226e1400dd10ca", "answers": [{"text": "widespread violence", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Vieira killed?", "id": "56f8d7c39b226e1400dd10cb", "answers": [{"text": "2 March 2009", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the 2009 election, who was the candidate of the PAIGC?", "id": "56f8d7c39b226e1400dd10cc", "answers": [{"text": "Sanh\u00e1", "answer_start": 437}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the 2009 election, who was the candidate of the PRS?", "id": "56f8d7c39b226e1400dd10cd", "answers": [{"text": "Kumba Ial\u00e1", "answer_start": 493}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who won the 2009 election?", "id": "56f8d7c39b226e1400dd10ce", "answers": [{"text": "Sanh\u00e1", "answer_start": 437}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "He was killed on 2 March 2009, possibly by soldiers in retaliation for the assassination of General Batista Tagme Na Waie, the head of the joint chiefs of staff, killed in an explosion. Vieira's death did not trigger widespread violence, but there were signs of turmoil in the country, according to the advocacy group Swisspeace. Malam Bacai Sanh\u00e1 was elected after a transition. In the 2009 election to replace the assassinated Vieira, Sanh\u00e1 was the presidential candidate of the PAIGC while Kumba Ial\u00e1 was the presidential candidate of the PRS."}], ["Penyebaran jangkitan HIV di kalangan orang dewasa adalah 1.8%. Hanya 20% wanita mengandung yang dijangkiti menerima perlindungan anti retroviral untuk mencegah penghantaran kepada bayi baru lahir. <> Apakah jangkitan mempunyai kelaziman yang sangat kecil di Guinea-Bissau? || HIV <> Berapa peratus daripada populasi dewasa mempunyai jangkitan HIV? || 1.8% <> Berapa banyak wanita hamil yang dijangkiti HIV menerima liputan retroviral? || 20% <> Apa perlindungan retroviral membantu mencegah? || penghantaran kepada yang baru lahir <> Siapa yang menerima perlindungan retroviral? || wanita hamil yang dijangkiti", {"qas": [{"question": "What infection has a very small prevalence in Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8e59e9b226e1400dd11a6", "answers": [{"text": "HIV", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the adult population has an HIV-infection?", "id": "56f8e59e9b226e1400dd11a7", "answers": [{"text": "1.8%", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many HIV-infected pregnant women receive retroviral coverage?", "id": "56f8e59e9b226e1400dd11a8", "answers": [{"text": "20%", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does retroviral coverage help prevent?", "id": "56f8e59e9b226e1400dd11a9", "answers": [{"text": "transmission to newborns", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who receives retroviral coverage?", "id": "56f8e59e9b226e1400dd11aa", "answers": [{"text": "infected pregnant women", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The prevalence of HIV-infection among the adult population is 1.8%. Only 20% of infected pregnant women receive anti retroviral coverage to prevent transmission to newborns."}], ["Menurut revisi Prospek Penduduk Dunia PBB, populasi Guinea-Bissau adalah 1,515,000 pada tahun 2010, berbanding 518,000 pada tahun 1950. Kadar penduduk di bawah umur 15 tahun 2010 adalah 41.3%, 55.4% berumur antara 15 dan 65 tahun, manakala 3.3% berumur 65 tahun ke atas. <> Apakah populasi Guinea-Bissau pada tahun 1950? || 518,000 <> Apakah populasi Guinea-Bissau pada tahun 2010? || 1,515,000 <> Apa sumber data populasi? || revisi 2010 Prospek Penduduk Dunia PBB <> Berapa peratus penduduknya berumur di bawah 15 tahun? || 41.3% <> Berapa peratus penduduknya berusia 65 tahun ke atas? || 3.3%", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the population of Guinea-Bissau in 1950?", "id": "56f8e0f59e9bad19000a0666", "answers": [{"text": "518,000", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the population of Guinea-Bissau in 2010?", "id": "56f8e0f59e9bad19000a0667", "answers": [{"text": "1,515,000", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the source of the population data?", "id": "56f8e0f59e9bad19000a0668", "answers": [{"text": "the 2010 revison of the UN World Population Prospects", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the population was below the age of 15?", "id": "56f8e0f59e9bad19000a0669", "answers": [{"text": "41.3%", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the population was 65 or older?", "id": "56f8e0f59e9bad19000a066a", "answers": [{"text": "3.3%", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to the 2010 revison of the UN World Population Prospects, Guinea-Bissau's population was 1,515,000 in 2010, compared to 518,000 in 1950. The proportion of the population below the age of 15 in 2010 was 41.3%, 55.4% were aged between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.3% were aged 65 years or older."}], ["Kira-kira 10% daripada populasi negara adalah komuniti Kristian, dan 40% terus memegang kepercayaan Orang Asli. Perangkaan ini boleh mengelirukan, bagaimanapun, kerana ramai penduduk mengamalkan bentuk syncretic agama Islam dan Kristian, menggabungkan amalan mereka dengan kepercayaan tradisional Afrika. <> Berapa peratus daripada penduduknya adalah Kristian? || Kira-kira 10% <> Berapa peratus penduduk terus memegang kepercayaan pribumi? || 40% <> Apakah bentuk agama Islam dan agama Kristian yang diamalkan ramai? || syncretic <> Apa yang ramai menggabungkan dengan amalan Islam dan Kristian? || kepercayaan tradisional Afrika", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of the population is Christian?", "id": "56f8e4d89b226e1400dd119e", "answers": [{"text": "Approximately 10%", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the population continues to hold indigenous beliefs?", "id": "56f8e4d89b226e1400dd119f", "answers": [{"text": "40%", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What forms of Islamic and Christian faiths do many residents practice?", "id": "56f8e4d89b226e1400dd11a0", "answers": [{"text": "syncretic", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do many residents combine with Islamic and Christian practices?", "id": "56f8e4d89b226e1400dd11a1", "answers": [{"text": "traditional African beliefs", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Approximately 10% of the country's population belong to the Christian community, and 40% continue to hold Indigenous beliefs. These statistics can be misleading, however, as many residents practice syncretic forms of Islamic and Christian faiths, combining their practices with traditional African beliefs."}], ["Malaria membunuh lebih ramai penduduk; 9% daripada penduduk telah melaporkan jangkitan, Ia menyebabkan tiga kali ganda kematian akibat AIDS. Pada tahun 2008, kurang daripada separuh kanak-kanak kurang daripada lima orang tidur di bawah jaring antimalaria atau mempunyai akses kepada ubat antimalarial. <> Apa yang membunuh lebih ramai penduduk daripada AIDS? || Malaria <> Berapa peratus penduduknya mempunyai Malaria? || 9% <> Berapa banyak kematian yang menyebabkan malaria vs AIDS? || tiga kali lebih banyak <> Berapa banyak kanak-kanak di bawah lima tidur di bawah paras antimalaria pada tahun 2008? || kurang daripada separuh <> Apakah jenis ubat yang banyak kanak-kanak tidak mempunyai akses pada tahun 2008? || antimalarial", {"qas": [{"question": "What kills more residents than AIDS?", "id": "56f8e6839e9bad19000a06ca", "answers": [{"text": "Malaria", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the population has Malaria?", "id": "56f8e6839e9bad19000a06cb", "answers": [{"text": "9%", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many more deaths does malaria cause vs. AIDS?", "id": "56f8e6839e9bad19000a06cc", "answers": [{"text": "three times as many", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many children under five slept under antimalaria nets in 2008?", "id": "56f8e6839e9bad19000a06cd", "answers": [{"text": "fewer than half", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of drugs did many young children not have access to in 2008?", "id": "56f8e6839e9bad19000a06ce", "answers": [{"text": "antimalarial", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Malaria kills more residents; 9% of the population have reported infection, It causes three times as many deaths as AIDS. In 2008, fewer than half of children younger than five slept under antimalaria nets or had access to antimalarial drugs."}], ["Kebanyakan Portugis dan Mesti\u00e7os bercakap salah satu bahasa Afrika dan Kriol sebagai bahasa kedua. Bahasa Perancis juga diajar di sekolah kerana Guinea-Bissau dikelilingi oleh negara-negara berbahasa Perancis. Guinea-Bissau adalah ahli penuh dari Francophonie. <> Apakah bahasa kedua untuk kebanyakan orang Portugis di Guinea-Bissau? || Kriol <> Mengapa Perancis diajar di sekolah? || Guinea-Bissau dikelilingi oleh negara-negara berbahasa Perancis. <> Apakah Guinea-Bissau adalah ahli penuh? || Francophonie <> Siapa yang bercakap bahasa Afrika dan Kriol? || Kebanyakan Portugis dan Mesti\u00e7os", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the second language for most Portuguese in Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8e31d9b226e1400dd118c", "answers": [{"text": "Kriol", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why is French taught in school?", "id": "56f8e31d9b226e1400dd118d", "answers": [{"text": "Guinea-Bissau is surrounded by French-speaking nations.", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Guinea-Bissau a full member of?", "id": "56f8e31d9b226e1400dd118e", "answers": [{"text": "the Francophonie", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who speaks both African languages and Kriol?", "id": "56f8e31d9b226e1400dd118f", "answers": [{"text": "Most Portuguese and Mesti\u00e7os", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Most Portuguese and Mesti\u00e7os speak one of the African languages and Kriol as second languages. French is also taught in schools because Guinea-Bissau is surrounded by French-speaking nations. Guinea-Bissau is a full member of the Francophonie."}], ["14% daripada penduduk bercakap bahasa rasmi Portugis, bahasa pemerintah dan komunikasi nasional selama berabad-abad pemerintahan penjajah. 44% bercakap Kriol, bahasa kreol berasaskan Portugis, yang merupakan bahasa kebangsaan berkomunikasi secara berkesan di kalangan kumpulan. Selebihnya bercakap pelbagai bahasa asli Afrika yang unik kepada etnik. <> Sebanyak peratus penduduk bercakap Kriol? || 44% <> Apakah bahasa rasmi Guinea-Bissau? || Portugis <> Berapa lamakah Guinea-Bissau dibawah pemerintahan kolonial? || berabad-abad <> Apakah jenis bahasa Kriol? || bahasa creole berasaskan Portugis", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of the population speaks Kriol?", "id": "56f8e26d9e9bad19000a068f", "answers": [{"text": "44%", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the official language of Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8e26d9e9bad19000a0690", "answers": [{"text": "Portuguese", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long was Guinea-Bissau under colonial rule?", "id": "56f8e26d9e9bad19000a0691", "answers": [{"text": "centuries", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of language is Kriol?", "id": "56f8e26d9e9bad19000a0692", "answers": [{"text": "a Portuguese-based creole language", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "14% of the population speaks the official language Portuguese, the language of government and national communication during centuries of colonial rule. 44% speak Kriol, a Portuguese-based creole language, which is effectively a national language of communication among groups. The remainder speak a variety of native African languages unique to ethnicities."}], ["Sepanjang abad ke-20, kebanyakan orang Bissau-Guinean mengamalkan beberapa bentuk Animisme. Pada awal abad ke-21, ramai telah mengadopsi Islam, yang kini diamalkan oleh 50% penduduk negara ini. Kebanyakan umat Islam Guinea-Bissau adalah daripada denominasi Sunni dengan kira-kira 2% kepunyaan mazhab Ahmadiyah. <> Pada abad ke-20 kebanyakan orang mengamalkan beberapa bentuk iman apa? || Animisme. <> Agama apa yang digunakan oleh penduduk pada awal abad ke-21? || Islam <> Berapa peratus penduduk sekarang mengamalkan Islam? || 50% <> Apa denominasi golongan majoriti orang-orang muslim Guinea-Bissau? || Sunni <> Apakah mazhab yang mana 2% daripada penduduknya? || Ahmadiyya", {"qas": [{"question": "In the 20th century most people practiced some form of what faith?", "id": "56f8e4159e9bad19000a06a2", "answers": [{"text": "Animism.", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What religion was adopted by the population in the early 21st century?", "id": "56f8e4159e9bad19000a06a3", "answers": [{"text": "Islam", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the population now practices Islam?", "id": "56f8e4159e9bad19000a06a4", "answers": [{"text": "50%", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What denomination are the majority of Guinea-Bissau's muslims?", "id": "56f8e4159e9bad19000a06a5", "answers": [{"text": "Sunni", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sect does 2% of the population belong to?", "id": "56f8e4159e9bad19000a06a6", "answers": [{"text": "Ahmadiyya", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Throughout the 20th century, most Bissau-Guineans practiced some form of Animism. In the early 21st century, many have adopted Islam, which is now practiced by 50% of the country's population. Most of Guinea-Bissau's Muslims are of the Sunni denomination with approximately 2% belonging to the Ahmadiyya sect."}], ["Orang asli Portugis terdiri daripada peratusan kecil Guinea-Bissauans. Selepas Guinea-Bissau memperoleh kemerdekaan, sebahagian besar rakyat Portugis meninggalkan negara ini. Negara ini mempunyai penduduk China yang kecil. Ini termasuk pedagang dan pedagang bercampur Portugis dan Cina dari Macau, bekas tanah jajahan Portugis Asia. <> Apa penduduk asli terdiri daripada peratusan penduduk yang sangat kecil? || Portugis <> Siapa yang meninggalkan negara selepas Guinea-Bissau memperoleh kemerdekaan? || Rakyat Portugis <> Apakah kumpulan etnik mempunyai populasi kecil di Guinea-Bissau? || Bahasa Cina <> Apakah nama bekas tanah jajahan Portugis Asia? || Macau <> Apakah nenek moyang penduduk Cina di Guinea-Bissau? || bercampur Portugis dan Cina", {"qas": [{"question": "What natives comprise a very small percentage of the population?", "id": "56f8e1cd9b226e1400dd1178", "answers": [{"text": "Portuguese", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who left the country after Guinea-Bissau gained independence?", "id": "56f8e1cd9b226e1400dd1179", "answers": [{"text": "Portuguese nationals", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ethnic group has a tiny population in Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8e1cd9b226e1400dd117a", "answers": [{"text": "Chinese", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of a former Asian Portuguese colony?", "id": "56f8e1cd9b226e1400dd117b", "answers": [{"text": "Macau", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the ancestry of the Chinese population in Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8e1cd9b226e1400dd117c", "answers": [{"text": "mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Portuguese natives comprise a very small percentage of Guinea-Bissauans. After Guinea-Bissau gained independence, most of the Portuguese nationals left the country. The country has a tiny Chinese population. These include traders and merchants of mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry from Macau, a former Asian Portuguese colony."}], ["Bermula sekitar 2005, pengedar dadah yang berpangkalan di Amerika Latin mula menggunakan Guinea-Bissau, bersama dengan beberapa negara Afrika Barat jiran, sebagai titik transshipment ke Eropah untuk kokain. Negara itu digambarkan oleh seorang pegawai Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu sebagai berisiko untuk menjadi \"negara narco\". Kerajaan dan tentera telah melakukan sedikit untuk menghentikan pengedaran dadah, yang meningkat selepas rampasan kuasa 2012. <> Bilakah pengedar dadah mula menggunakan Guinea-Bissau? || 2005 <> Di manakah pengedar dadah berasal? || Amerika Latin <> Apa tujuan terakhir dadah yang melalui Guinea-Bissau? || Eropah <> Siapa yang menyifatkan Guinea-Bissau sebagai berisiko untuk menjadi \"negara narkoba\"? || seorang pegawai Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu <> Siapa yang telah melakukan sedikit untuk menghentikan pengedaran dadah di negara ini? || Kerajaan dan tentera", {"qas": [{"question": "When did drug traffickers begin to use Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8e05b9e9bad19000a0652", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the drug traffickers come from?", "id": "56f8e05b9e9bad19000a0653", "answers": [{"text": "Latin America", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the final destination of the drugs going through Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8e05b9e9bad19000a0654", "answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who described Guinea-Bissau as being at risk for becoming a \"narco-state\"?", "id": "56f8e05b9e9bad19000a0655", "answers": [{"text": "a United Nations official", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has done little to stop drug trafficking in the country?", "id": "56f8e05b9e9bad19000a0656", "answers": [{"text": "The government and the military", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beginning around 2005, drug traffickers based in Latin America began to use Guinea-Bissau, along with several neighboring West African nations, as a transshipment point to Europe for cocaine. The nation was described by a United Nations official as being at risk for becoming a \"narco-state\". The government and the military have done little to stop drug trafficking, which increased after the 2012 coup d'\u00e9tat."}], ["Selepas beberapa tahun kemerosotan ekonomi dan ketidakstabilan politik, pada tahun 1997, Guinea-Bissau memasuki sistem monetari franc CFA, yang membawa beberapa kestabilan kewangan dalaman. Perang sivil yang berlaku pada tahun 1998 dan 1999, dan rampasan kuasa tentera pada September 2003 sekali lagi mengganggu aktiviti ekonomi, meninggalkan sebahagian besar infrastruktur ekonomi dan sosial di runtuhan dan mengukuhkan kemiskinan yang sudah meluas. Berikutan pilihan raya parlimen pada bulan Mac 2004 dan pilihan raya presiden pada bulan Julai 2005, negara sedang berusaha untuk pulih dari tempoh ketidakstabilan yang panjang, walaupun keadaan politik yang rapuh. <> Dalam tahun apakah Guinea-Bissau mula membawa beberapa kestabilan kewangan dalaman ke negara ini? || 1997 <> Apa yang dilakukan kerajaan pada tahun 1997 untuk meningkatkan kestabilan monetari? || memasuki sistem wang franc CFA <> Berapa tahun perang saudara berlaku? || 1998 dan 1999 <> Bilakah ada rampasan kuasa tentera di Guinea-Bissau? || September 2003 <> Bilakah pilihan raya parlimen diadakan? || Mac 2004", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Guinea-Bissau start to bring some internal monetary stability to the country?", "id": "56f8df889b226e1400dd114e", "answers": [{"text": "1997", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the government do in 1997 to increase monetary stability?", "id": "56f8df889b226e1400dd114f", "answers": [{"text": "entered the CFA franc monetary system", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What years did the civil war take place?", "id": "56f8df889b226e1400dd1150", "answers": [{"text": "1998 and 1999", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was there a military coup in Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8df889b226e1400dd1151", "answers": [{"text": "September 2003", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were parliamentary elections held?", "id": "56f8df889b226e1400dd1152", "answers": [{"text": "March 2004", "answer_start": 468}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After several years of economic downturn and political instability, in 1997, Guinea-Bissau entered the CFA franc monetary system, bringing about some internal monetary stability. The civil war that took place in 1998 and 1999, and a military coup in September 2003 again disrupted economic activity, leaving a substantial part of the economic and social infrastructure in ruins and intensifying the already widespread poverty. Following the parliamentary elections in March 2004 and presidential elections in July 2005, the country is trying to recover from the long period of instability, despite a still-fragile political situation."}], ["Guinea-Bissau mempunyai beberapa sekolah menengah (umum dan teknikal) dan beberapa universiti, di mana Fakulti Undang-undang autonomi dan Fakulti Perubatan telah ditambah. <> Apa jenis sekolah menengah yang ada di Guinea-Bissau? || umum dan teknikal <> Institusi apa yang telah menambah Fakulti Undang-undang? || universiti <> Institusi apa yang telah menambah Fakulti Perubatan? || universiti <> Apa dua perkataan digunakan untuk menggambarkan Fakulti Undang-undang dan Fakulti Perubatan? || institusi autonomi", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of secondary schools does Guinea-Bissau have?", "id": "56f8eee09e9bad19000a0722", "answers": [{"text": "general as well as technical", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What institutions have added a Faculty of Law?", "id": "56f8eee09e9bad19000a0723", "answers": [{"text": "universities", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What institutions have added a Faculty of Medicine?", "id": "56f8eee09e9bad19000a0724", "answers": [{"text": "universities", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two words are used to describe the Faculty of Law and Faculty of Medicine?", "id": "56f8eee09e9bad19000a0725", "answers": [{"text": "institutionally autonomous", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Guinea-Bissau has several secondary schools (general as well as technical) and a number of universities, to which an institutionally autonomous Faculty of Law as well as a Faculty of Medicine have been added."}], ["Muzik Guinea-Bissau biasanya dikaitkan dengan genre poligmatik gumbe, eksport muzik utama negara. Walau bagaimanapun, kerusuhan awam dan faktor-faktor lain telah digabungkan selama bertahun-tahun untuk mengekalkan gumbe, dan genre lain, daripada penonton arus perdana, bahkan di negara-negara Afrika sinkretis umumnya. <> Apa genre muzik biasanya dikaitkan dengan Guinea-Bissau? || gumbe <> Apa yang dianggap sebagai eksport muzik utama negara? || genre poligmatik gumbe <> Apakah faktor utama yang telah menjauhkan diri daripada penonton arus perdana? || kerusuhan awam <> Apa jenis negara lain yang telah tersekat? || umumnya negara syncretist Afrika", {"qas": [{"question": "What music genre is usually associated with Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8efcd9e9bad19000a0733", "answers": [{"text": "gumbe", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is considered the country's primary musical export?", "id": "56f8efcd9e9bad19000a0734", "answers": [{"text": "the polyrhythmic gumbe genre", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What major factor has kept gumbe out of mainstream audiences?", "id": "56f8efcd9e9bad19000a0735", "answers": [{"text": "civil unrest", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other type of countries has gumbe been kept out of?", "id": "56f8efcd9e9bad19000a0736", "answers": [{"text": "generally syncretist African countries", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries."}], ["Hidangan biasa termasuk sup dan tepung. Bahan-bahan biasa termasuk keladi, ubi keledek, ubi kayu, bawang, tomato dan pisang. Rempah, lada dan cili digunakan dalam masakan, termasuk benih Aframomum melegueta (lada Guinea). <> Apakah hidangan lazat di Guinea-Bissau? || sup dan stew <> Apakah bahan-bahan biasa di Guinea-Bissau? || ubi, ubi keledek, ubi kayu, bawang, tomato dan tanaman pisang <> Apakah rempah-rempah, lada dan cili digunakan? || memasak <> Apakah nama lain untuk lada Guinea? || Benih Aframomum melegueta <> Apakah lada Guinea digunakan? || memasak", {"qas": [{"question": "What are common dishes in Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8f3b79b226e1400dd11ee", "answers": [{"text": "soups and stews", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are common ingredients in Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8f3b79b226e1400dd11ef", "answers": [{"text": "yams, sweet potato, cassava, onion, tomato and plantain", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are spices, peppers and chilis used in?", "id": "56f8f3b79b226e1400dd11f0", "answers": [{"text": "cooking", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for Guinea pepper?", "id": "56f8f3b79b226e1400dd11f1", "answers": [{"text": "Aframomum melegueta seeds", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are Guinea peppers used in?", "id": "56f8f3b79b226e1400dd11f2", "answers": [{"text": "cooking", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Common dishes include soups and stews. Common ingredients include yams, sweet potato, cassava, onion, tomato and plantain. Spices, peppers and chilis are used in cooking, including Aframomum melegueta seeds (Guinea pepper)."}], ["Calabash adalah alat muzik utama Guinea-Bissau, dan digunakan dalam muzik tarian yang sangat cepat dan berirama. Lyrics selalu ada di Guinea-Bissau Creole, bahasa kreol yang berpusat di Portugis, dan sering bercinta dan topikal, berputar di sekitar peristiwa dan kontroversi semasa, terutama AIDS. <> Apakah instrumen utama Guinea-Bissau? || The calabash <> Apa jenis muzik yang digunakan oleh calabash? || muzik tarian yang sangat cepat dan rhythmically kompleks <> Bahasa apa lirik biasanya dinyanyikan? || Guinea-Bissau Creole <> Apakah lirik lagu biasa yang berkisar? || peristiwa semasa dan kontroversi <> Apakah kontroversi utama yang terdapat dalam lirik lagu? || bantuan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the primary instrument of Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8f0c39b226e1400dd11da", "answers": [{"text": "The calabash", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of music is the calabash used in?", "id": "56f8f0c39b226e1400dd11db", "answers": [{"text": "extremely swift and rhythmically complex dance music", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language are lyrics typically sung in?", "id": "56f8f0c39b226e1400dd11dc", "answers": [{"text": "Guinea-Bissau Creole", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do typical song lyrics revolve around?", "id": "56f8f0c39b226e1400dd11dd", "answers": [{"text": "current events and controversies", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the main controversy found in song lyrics?", "id": "56f8f0c39b226e1400dd11de", "answers": [{"text": "AIDS", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The calabash is the primary musical instrument of Guinea-Bissau, and is used in extremely swift and rhythmically complex dance music. Lyrics are almost always in Guinea-Bissau Creole, a Portuguese-based creole language, and are often humorous and topical, revolving around current events and controversies, especially AIDS."}], ["Walaupun menurunkan kadar di negara-negara sekitar, kadar kolera dilaporkan pada bulan November 2012 meningkat, dengan 1,500 kes dilaporkan dan sembilan kematian. Wabak kolera tahun 2008 di Guinea-Bissau menjejaskan 14,222 orang dan membunuh 225. <> Apakah jenis penyakit yang dilaporkan meningkat di Guinea-Bissau? || cholera <> Berapa ramai yang mati akibat kolera dalam laporan November 2012? || sembilan <> Berapa ramai yang mati akibat kolera dalam epidemik tahun 2008? || 225 <> Di manakah terdapat kadar kolera yang menurunkan? || negara-negara sekeliling <> Berapa ramai orang yang terkena epidemik kolera tahun 2008? || 14,222", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of disease was reported to be on the rise in Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8e7679e9bad19000a06de", "answers": [{"text": "cholera", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many died from cholera in a November 2012 report?", "id": "56f8e7679e9bad19000a06df", "answers": [{"text": "nine", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many died from cholera in a 2008 epidemic?", "id": "56f8e7679e9bad19000a06e0", "answers": [{"text": "225", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are there reported cholera rates that are lowering?", "id": "56f8e7679e9bad19000a06e1", "answers": [{"text": "surrounding countries", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people were affected by the 2008 cholera epidemic?", "id": "56f8e7679e9bad19000a06e2", "answers": [{"text": "14,222", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Despite lowering rates in surrounding countries, cholera rates were reported in November 2012 to be on the rise, with 1,500 cases reported and nine deaths. A 2008 cholera epidemic in Guinea-Bissau affected 14,222 people and killed 225."}], ["Pendidikan adalah wajib dari umur 7 hingga 13. Pendaftaran anak laki-laki adalah lebih tinggi daripada yang perempuan. Pada tahun 1998, kadar pendaftaran utama kasar adalah 53.5%, dengan nisbah enrolmen yang lebih tinggi untuk lelaki (67.7%) berbanding wanita (40%). <> Berapa usia ketika pendidikan diwajibkan? || 7 hingga 13 <> Apakah jantina mempunyai pendaftaran yang lebih tinggi? || lelaki <> Apakah kadar pendaftaran utama kasar pada tahun 1998? || 53.5% <> Apakah kadar pendaftaran utama kasar bagi lelaki? || 67.7% <> Apakah kadar pendaftaran utama kasar bagi wanita? || 40%", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the ages when education is compulsory?", "id": "56f8ee329e9bad19000a0718", "answers": [{"text": "7 to 13", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What gender has a higher enrollment?", "id": "56f8ee329e9bad19000a0719", "answers": [{"text": "boys", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the gross primary enrollment rate in 1998?", "id": "56f8ee329e9bad19000a071a", "answers": [{"text": "53.5%", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the gross primary enrollment rate for males?", "id": "56f8ee329e9bad19000a071b", "answers": [{"text": "67.7%", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the gross primary enrollment rate for females?", "id": "56f8ee329e9bad19000a071c", "answers": [{"text": "40%", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Education is compulsory from the age of 7 to 13. The enrollment of boys is higher than that of girls. In 1998, the gross primary enrollment rate was 53.5%, with higher enrollment ratio for males (67.7%) compared to females (40%)."}], ["Beras adalah makanan utama penduduk di pinggir pantai dan menanam pokok di kawasan pedalaman. Ikan, kerang, buah-buahan dan sayuran lazimnya dimakan bersama dengan bijirin bijirin, susu, kismis dan whey. Orang Portugis menggalakkan pengeluaran kacang tanah. Vigna subterranea (kacang tanah Bambara) dan Macrotyloma geocarpum (kacang tanah Hausa) juga ditanam. Kacang hitam bermata juga sebahagian daripada diet. Minyak sawit dituai. <> Apa bijirin makanan utama penduduk di pantai Guinea-Bissau? || Beras <> Apa bijirin adalah bahan makanan untuk penduduk di pedalaman Guinea-Bissau? || millet <> Yang menggalakkan pengeluaran kacang tanah di Guinea-Bissau? || Portugis <> Jenis minyak apa yang dituai? || Palm <> Apa jenis kacang adalah sebahagian daripada diet di Guinea-Bissau? || Kacang bermata hitam", {"qas": [{"question": "What grain is a staple for residents near the coast of Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8f3129e9bad19000a0763", "answers": [{"text": "Rice", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What grain is a staple for residents in the interior of Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8f3129e9bad19000a0764", "answers": [{"text": "millet", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who encouraged peanut production in Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8f3129e9bad19000a0765", "answers": [{"text": "The Portuguese", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of oil is harvested?", "id": "56f8f3129e9bad19000a0766", "answers": [{"text": "Palm", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of pea is part of the diet in Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8f3129e9bad19000a0767", "answers": [{"text": "Black-eyed peas", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Rice is a staple in the diet of residents near the coast and millet a staple in the interior. Fish, shellfish, fruits and vegetables are commonly eaten along with cereal grains, milk, curd and whey. The Portuguese encouraged peanut production. Vigna subterranea (Bambara groundnut) and Macrotyloma geocarpum (Hausa groundnut) are also grown. Black-eyed peas are also part of the diet. Palm oil is harvested."}], ["Perkataan gumbe kadang-kadang digunakan secara umum, merujuk kepada mana-mana muzik di negara ini, walaupun ia secara khusus merujuk kepada gaya unik yang memusingkan kira-kira sepuluh tradisi musik rakyat negara itu. Tina dan tinga adalah genre popular yang lain, manakala tradisi kaum termasuk muzik upacara yang digunakan dalam pemakaman, inisiasi dan ritual lain, serta Balanta brosca dan kussund\u00e9, Mandinga djambadon, dan bunyi kundere Kepulauan Bissagos. <> Apa yang kadang-kadang digunakan sebagai kata generik untuk mana-mana muzik Guinea-Bissau? || gumbe <> Gumbe mengasingkan berapa banyak tradisi muzik rakyat negara ini? || kira-kira sepuluh <> Selain gumbe, apakah dua genre muzik popular? || Tina dan tinga <> Apa bunyi yang datang dari Kepulauan Bissagos? || kundere <> Apa jenis tradisi termasuk muzik upacara yang digunakan dalam pemakaman? || rakyat", {"qas": [{"question": "What is sometimes used as a generic word for any music of Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8f22f9e9bad19000a0753", "answers": [{"text": "gumbe", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Gumbe fuses how many of the country's folk music traditions?", "id": "56f8f22f9e9bad19000a0754", "answers": [{"text": "about ten", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Other than gumbe, what are two popular music genres?", "id": "56f8f22f9e9bad19000a0755", "answers": [{"text": "Tina and tinga", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sound comes from the Bissagos Islands?", "id": "56f8f22f9e9bad19000a0756", "answers": [{"text": "kundere", "answer_start": 412}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of tradition includes ceremonial music used in funerals?", "id": "56f8f22f9e9bad19000a0757", "answers": [{"text": "folk", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The word gumbe is sometimes used generically, to refer to any music of the country, although it most specifically refers to a unique style that fuses about ten of the country's folk music traditions. Tina and tinga are other popular genres, while extent folk traditions include ceremonial music used in funerals, initiations and other rituals, as well as Balanta brosca and kussund\u00e9, Mandinga djambadon, and the kundere sound of the Bissagos Islands."}], ["Kadar kematian ibu tahun 2010 bagi setiap 100,000 kelahiran untuk Guinea Bissau adalah 1000. Ini berbanding dengan 804.3 pada tahun 2008 dan 966 pada tahun 1990. Kadar kematian di bawah 5, untuk 1,000 kelahiran adalah 195 dan kematian neonatal sebagai peratusan di bawah umur 5 adalah 24 Jumlah bidan bagi setiap 1,000 kelahiran hidup adalah 3; satu daripada lapan belas wanita hamil mati akibat dari kehamilan. Menurut laporan UNICEF 2013, 50% wanita di Guinea Bissau mengalami penularan alat kelamin wanita. Pada tahun 2010, Guinea Bissau mempunyai kadar kematian ibu tertinggi ke-7 di dunia. <> Apakah kadar kematian ibu tahun 2010 bagi setiap 100,000 kelahiran? || 1000 <> Apakah kadar kematian ibu tahun 1990 per 100,000 kelahiran? || 966 <> Berapa banyak bidan disenaraikan setiap 1,000 kelahiran hidup? || 3 <> Berapa banyak wanita hamil yang mati disebabkan oleh kehamilan? || satu daripada lapan belas <> Menurut UNICEF, berapa peratus wanita di Guinea-Bissau mengalami penularan alat kelamin wanita? || 50%", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births?", "id": "56f8edb59e9bad19000a070e", "answers": [{"text": "1000", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the 1990 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births?", "id": "56f8edb59e9bad19000a070f", "answers": [{"text": "966", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many midwives are listed per 1,000 live births?", "id": "56f8edb59e9bad19000a0710", "answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many pregnant women die as a result of pregnancy?", "id": "56f8edb59e9bad19000a0711", "answers": [{"text": "one out of eighteen", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to UNICEF, what percentage of women in Guinea-Bissau had undergone female genital mutilation?", "id": "56f8edb59e9bad19000a0712", "answers": [{"text": "50%", "answer_start": 410}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Guinea Bissau was 1000. This compares with 804.3 in 2008 and 966 in 1990. The under 5 mortality rate, per 1,000 births, was 195 and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under 5's mortality was 24. The number of midwives per 1,000 live births was 3; one out of eighteen pregnant women die as a result of pregnancy. According to a 2013 UNICEF report, 50% of women in Guinea Bissau had undergone female genital mutilation. In 2010, Guinea Bissau had the 7th highest maternal mortality rate in the world."}], ["Flora Gomes adalah pengarah filem terkenal di peringkat antarabangsa; filem paling terkenalnya ialah Nha Fala (Bahasa Inggeris: Suara Saya). Gomes Mortu Nega (Death Denied) (1988) adalah filem fiksyen pertama dan filem ciri kedua yang pernah dibuat di Guinea-Bissau. (Filem ciri pertama ialah N'tturudu, oleh pengarah Umban u'Kest pada 1987.) Pada FESPACO 1989, Mortu Nega memenangi Hadiah Oumarou Ganda yang berprestij. Mortu Nega berada dalam bahasa Creole dengan sarikata Bahasa Inggeris. Pada tahun 1992, Gomes mengarahkan Udju Azul di Yonta, yang ditayangkan dalam bahagian Un Certain Regard pada Festival Filem Cannes 1992. Gomes juga pernah berkhidmat di dewan-dewan festival filem-filem yang banyak di Afrika. <> Siapa pengarah filem terkemuka di dunia dari Guinea-Bissau? || Flora Gomes <> Apa filem paling terkenal di Flora Gomes? || Nha Fala (Bahasa Inggeris: Suara Saya) <> Tahun apakah filem pertama yang dibuat di Guinea-Bissau? || 1987 <> Siapa yang mengarahkan filem ciri pertama di Guinea-Bissau? || Umban u'Kest <> Apa hadiah yang dimenangkan oleh filem Mortu Nega? || Hadiah Oumarou Ganda", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is an internationally renowned film director from Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8f4f49b226e1400dd11f8", "answers": [{"text": "Flora Gomes", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Flora Gomes' most famous film?", "id": "56f8f4f49b226e1400dd11f9", "answers": [{"text": "Nha Fala (English: My Voice)", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the first feature film made in Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8f4f49b226e1400dd11fa", "answers": [{"text": "1987", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who directed the first feature film in Guinea-Bissau?", "id": "56f8f4f49b226e1400dd11fb", "answers": [{"text": "Umban u\u2019Kest", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What prize did the film Mortu Nega win?", "id": "56f8f4f49b226e1400dd11fc", "answers": [{"text": "Oumarou Ganda Prize", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Flora Gomes is an internationally renowned film director; his most famous film is Nha Fala (English: My Voice). Gomes's Mortu Nega (Death Denied) (1988) was the first fiction film and the second feature film ever made in Guinea-Bissau. (The first feature film was N\u2019tturudu, by director Umban u\u2019Kest in 1987.) At FESPACO 1989, Mortu Nega won the prestigious Oumarou Ganda Prize. Mortu Nega is in Creole with English subtitles. In 1992, Gomes directed Udju Azul di Yonta, which was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival. Gomes has also served on the boards of many Africa-centric film festivals."}]], [["Jalan-jalan bernombor membawa lalu lintas crosstown. Secara umum, jalan-jalan yang bernombor adalah jalan ke arah timur dan ganjil yang satu-satunya adalah satu arah barat. Beberapa pengecualian membalikkan ini. Jalan-jalan yang lebih luas membawa trafik dua hala, seperti yang dilakukan oleh beberapa yang sempit. <> Jalan-jalan mana yang satu arah ke arah timur? || walaupun bernombor <> Jalan-jalan yang bernombor yang ganjil adalah satu arah di mana arahnya? || barat <> Adakah jalan yang paling luas membawa trafik sehala atau dua hala? || dua hala", {"qas": [{"question": "Which streets are one-way eastbound?", "id": "56f8a9959e9bad19000a028f", "answers": [{"text": "even-numbered", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Odd-numbered streets are one-way in which direction?", "id": "56f8a9959e9bad19000a0290", "answers": [{"text": "west", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Do most wide streets carry one-way or two-way traffic?", "id": "56f8a9959e9bad19000a0291", "answers": [{"text": "two-way", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The numbered streets carry crosstown traffic. In general, even-numbered streets are one-way eastbound and odd-numbered streets are one-way west. Several exceptions reverse this. Most wider streets carry two-way traffic, as do a few of the narrow ones."}], ["Hujung barat jalan-jalan ini ialah Bowery dan Third Avenue, kecuali ke 3rd Street (dahulunya Amity Place, ke Sixth Avenue) dan 4th Street (ke 13th Street), yang memanjangkan barat dan utara, ke Greenwich Village. Great Jones Street menghubungkan Timur ke 3 ke Barat 3. <> Apa nama yang pernah dipegang oleh 3rd Street? || Amity Place <> Kampung mana yang membuat Jalan ke-3 dan ke-4 dilanjutkan? || Greenwich <> Jalan mana yang menghubungkan Timur ke 3 ke Barat 3? || Great Jones <> Hujung barat jalan-jalan ini adalah Third Avenue dan di mana? || Bowery", {"qas": [{"question": "What name did 3rd Street previously hold?", "id": "56f8adc19b226e1400dd0de5", "answers": [{"text": "Amity Place", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which village do 3rd and 4th Street extend into?", "id": "56f8adc19b226e1400dd0de6", "answers": [{"text": "Greenwich", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which street connects East 3rd to West 3rd?", "id": "56f8adc19b226e1400dd0de7", "answers": [{"text": "Great Jones", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The west end of these streets is Third Avenue and where?", "id": "56f8adc19b226e1400dd0de8", "answers": [{"text": "Bowery", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The west end of these streets is Bowery and Third Avenue, except for 3rd Street (formerly Amity Place; to Sixth Avenue) and 4th Street (to 13th Street), which extend west and north, respectively, into Greenwich Village. Great Jones Street connects East 3rd to West 3rd."}], ["East 5th Street menuju barat ke Cooper Square, tetapi terganggu antara Avenues B dan C oleh The Earth School, Sekolah Awam 364, dan antara First Avenue dan Avenue A oleh Village View Apartments. <> Yang Pangsapuri mengganggu Jalan ke 5 Timur antara First Avenue dan Avenue A? || View Village <> Apakah nombor Sekolah Awam yang mengganggu East 5th Street? || 364 <> Sekolah mana yang mengganggu East 5th Street? || Sekolah Bumi <> Timur ke-5 Jalan ke barat ke apa titik berhenti? || Cooper Square", {"qas": [{"question": "Which Apartments interrupt East 5th Street between First Avenue and Avenue A?", "id": "56f92c0f9e9bad19000a07f1", "answers": [{"text": "Village View", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Public School number that interrupts East 5th Street?", "id": "56f92c0f9e9bad19000a07f2", "answers": [{"text": "364", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which school interrupts East 5th Street?", "id": "56f92c0f9e9bad19000a07f3", "answers": [{"text": "The Earth School", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "East 5th Street goes west to what stopping point?", "id": "56f92c0f9e9bad19000a07f4", "answers": [{"text": "Cooper Square", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "East 5th Street goes west to Cooper Square, but is interrupted between Avenues B and C by The Earth School, Public School 364, and between First Avenue and Avenue A by the Village View Apartments."}], ["Nama-nama jalan berubah dari Barat ke Timur (contohnya, Jalan 10th Street ke West 10th Street) di Broadway di bawah 8th Street, dan di Fifth Avenue dari 8th Street ke atas. <> Apa yang berlaku di Broadway di bawah 8th Street? || Nama jalan berubah <> Apa yang berlaku di Fifth Avenue dari jalan ke 8 dan ke atas? || Nama jalan berubah <> Adakah nama-nama jalanan berubah dari Barat ke Timur atau Utara ke Selatan? || Barat ke Timur", {"qas": [{"question": "What happens at Broadway below 8th Street?", "id": "56f8aa3e9b226e1400dd0da1", "answers": [{"text": "Streets' names change", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happens at Fifth Avenue from 8th street and above?", "id": "56f8aa3e9b226e1400dd0da2", "answers": [{"text": "Streets' names change", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Do streets' names change from West to East or North to South?", "id": "56f8aa3e9b226e1400dd0da3", "answers": [{"text": "West to East", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Streets' names change from West to East (for instance, East 10th Street to West 10th Street) at Broadway below 8th Street, and at Fifth Avenue from 8th Street and above."}], ["Jalan 8th dan 9 berjalan sejajar antara satu sama lain, bermula di Avenue D, terganggu oleh Tompkins Square Park di Avenue B, bersambung di Avenue A dan terus ke Sixth Avenue. West 8th Street adalah jalan membeli-belah tempatan yang penting. Jalan ke-8 antara Avenue A dan Third Avenue dipanggil St Mark's Place, tetapi ia dikira panjang di bawah. <> Jalan ke Barat 8 adalah jalan setempat yang penting untuk aktiviti apa? || belanja <> 8th Street antara Avenue A dan Third Avenue dipanggil apa? || St Mark's Place <> Di mana Jalan 8th dan 9 bermula? || Avenue D <> Di mana Jalan ke-8 dan ke-9 berakhir? || Sixth Avenue <> Taman mana yang mengganggu 8th dan 9th Street di Avenue B? || Taman Tompkins Square", {"qas": [{"question": "West 8th Street is an important local street for what activity?", "id": "56f92d799b226e1400dd1268", "answers": [{"text": "shopping", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called what?", "id": "56f92d799b226e1400dd1269", "answers": [{"text": "St Mark's Place", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do 8th and 9th Streets begin?", "id": "56f92d799b226e1400dd126a", "answers": [{"text": "Avenue D", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do 8th and 9th Streets end?", "id": "56f92d799b226e1400dd126b", "answers": [{"text": "Sixth Avenue", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which park interrupts 8th and 9th Street at Avenue B?", "id": "56f92d799b226e1400dd126c", "answers": [{"text": "Tompkins Square Park", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "8th and 9th Streets run parallel to each other, beginning at Avenue D, interrupted by Tompkins Square Park at Avenue B, resuming at Avenue A and continuing to Sixth Avenue. West 8th Street is an important local shopping street. 8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called St Mark's Place, but it is counted in the length below."}], ["Jalan ke Timur 2 bermula hanya di Jalan Timur Houston Timur di Avenue C dan terus ke Bowery. Hujung Timur Jalan ke Timur ke-3, ke-4, ke-5 dan ke-7 adalah Avenue D, dengan East 6th Street terus ke arah Timur dan menghubungkan ke FDR Drive. <> East 6th Street terus ke arah Timur dan menghubungkan ke mana Drive? || FDR <> Di manakah hujung Timur Jalan Timur ke-3, ke-4, ke-5, dan ke-7? || Avenue D <> Yang Avenue adalah lokasi permulaan untuk East 2nd Street? || C <> Jalan mana yang bermula hanya Utara Huston Street Timur dan terus ke Bowery? || East 2nd Street", {"qas": [{"question": "East 6th Street continues further Eastward and connects to which Drive?", "id": "56f8ad589e9bad19000a02d3", "answers": [{"text": "FDR", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the East end of East 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 7th Streets?", "id": "56f8ad589e9bad19000a02d4", "answers": [{"text": "Avenue D", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Avenue is the starting location for East 2nd Street?", "id": "56f8ad589e9bad19000a02d5", "answers": [{"text": "C", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which street begins just North of East Huston Street and continues to Bowery?", "id": "56f8ad589e9bad19000a02d6", "answers": [{"text": "East 2nd Street", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "East 2nd Street begins just North of East Houston Street at Avenue C and also continues to Bowery. The East end of East 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 7th Streets is Avenue D, with East 6th Street continuing further Eastward and connecting to FDR Drive."}], ["Artikel ini merangkumi jalan-jalan timur-barat di Manhattan, New York City. Jalan-jalan utama mempunyai artikel berkaitan sendiri; jalan-jalan kecil dibincangkan di sini. Jalan-jalan tidak berjalan betul-betul timur-barat, kerana rancangan grid itu selaras dengan Sungai Hudson dan bukan dengan arahan kardinal. \"Barat\" adalah kira-kira 29 darjah utara barat benar. <> Apakah rancangan grid diselaraskan daripada arahan kardinal? || Sungai Hudson <> Dalam artikel ini, berapa derajat utara barat benar adalah \"Barat?\" || 29 <> Adakah artikel ini meliputi jalan timur-barat atau utara-selatan? || timur-barat <> Jalan-jalan mana yang mempunyai artikel berkaitan? || Jalan-jalan utama", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the grid plan aligned with rather than the cardinal directions?", "id": "56f8a91b9e9bad19000a027d", "answers": [{"text": "Hudson River", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In this article, how many degrees north of true west is \"West?\"", "id": "56f8a91b9e9bad19000a027e", "answers": [{"text": "29", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does this article cover east-west or north-south streets?", "id": "56f8a91b9e9bad19000a027f", "answers": [{"text": "east-west", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which streets have their own linked articles?", "id": "56f8a91b9e9bad19000a0280", "answers": [{"text": "Major streets", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "This article covers numbered east-west streets in Manhattan, New York City. Major streets have their own linked articles; minor streets are discussed here. The streets do not run exactly east\u2013west, because the grid plan is aligned with the Hudson River rather than with the cardinal directions. \"West\" is approximately 29 degrees north of true west."}], ["Jalan Pertama Timur bermula hanya Jalan Utara Houston Timur di Avenue A dan terus ke Bowery. Peretz Square, sebuah taman kecil triangular kecil di mana Houston Street, First Street dan First Avenue bertemu menandakan tempat di mana grid itu bertahan. <> Apakah tempat di mana grid bertahan dipanggil? || Peretz Square <> Bentuk apa yang menjadi taman sekeliling di mana Houston Street, First Street, dan First Avenue bertemu? || segi tiga <> Jalan manakah yang bermula hanya di North of East Houston Street di Avenue A? || East 1st Street <> East 1st Street bermula hanya Utara East Houston Street di Avenue A dan terus ke mana? || Bowery", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the spot where the grid takes hold called?", "id": "56f8ac249b226e1400dd0dc7", "answers": [{"text": "Peretz Square", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What shape is the sliver park where Houston Street, First Street, and First Avenue meet?", "id": "56f8ac249b226e1400dd0dc8", "answers": [{"text": "triangular", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which street begins just North of East Houston Street at Avenue A?", "id": "56f8ac249b226e1400dd0dc9", "answers": [{"text": "East 1st Street", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "East 1st Street begins just North of East Houston Street at Avenue A and continues to where?", "id": "56f8ac249b226e1400dd0dca", "answers": [{"text": "Bowery", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "East 1st Street begins just North of East Houston Street at Avenue A and continues to Bowery. Peretz Square, a small triangular sliver park where Houston Street, First Street and First Avenue meet marks the spot where the grid takes hold."}], ["Walaupun jalan-jalan bernombor hanya di sebelah utara Jalan Houston Timur di Kampung Timur, mereka secara amnya tidak memanjangkan barat ke Greenwich Village, yang sudah mempunyai jalan raya apabila rancangan grid ditetapkan oleh Rancangan Pesuruhjaya 1811. Jalan-jalan yang terus berlanjutan arah perubahan barat sebelum mencapai Sungai Hudson. Grid ini meliputi panjang pulau itu dari utara ke-14. <> Grid ini meliputi panjang pulau dari titik permulaan? || 14th Street north <> Jalan manakah jalan-jalan bernombor bermula dari utara? || Jalan Houston Timur <> Di mana kampung terletak di East Houston Street? || Kampung Timur <> Kampung mana yang sudah mempunyai jalan ketika rancangan grid ditetapkan? || Greenwich Village <> Siapa yang meletakkan Rancangan Grid? || Pelan Pesuruhjaya 1811", {"qas": [{"question": "The grid covers the length of the island from what starting point?", "id": "56f8aaba9b226e1400dd0dad", "answers": [{"text": "14th Street north", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which street do numbered streets begin just north of?", "id": "56f8aaba9b226e1400dd0dae", "answers": [{"text": "East Houston Street", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what village is East Houston Street located?", "id": "56f8aaba9b226e1400dd0daf", "answers": [{"text": "East Village", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Village already had streets when the grid plan was laid out?", "id": "56f8aaba9b226e1400dd0db0", "answers": [{"text": "Greenwich Village", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who laid out the Grid Plan?", "id": "56f8aaba9b226e1400dd0db1", "answers": [{"text": "Commissioners' Plan of 1811", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although the numbered streets begin just north of East Houston Street in the East Village, they generally do not extend west into Greenwich Village, which already had streets when the grid plan was laid out by the Commissioners' Plan of 1811. Streets that do continue farther west change direction before reaching the Hudson River. The grid covers the length of the island from 14th Street north."}], ["Jalan ke-220 adalah jalan nombor tertinggi di Pulau Manhattan. Marble Hill juga terletak di dalam kawasan Manhattan, jadi nombor jalan tertinggi di borough adalah 228th Street. Walau bagaimanapun, penomboran berterusan di Bronx sehingga 263th Street. Bilangan terendah ialah East First Street-yang terletak di Alphabet City berhampiran East Houston Street-serta Tempat Pertama di Battery Park City. <> Jalan berapakah bilangan tertinggi di Pulau Manhattan? || 220th Street <> Apakah nombor jalan tertinggi di daerah Manhattan? || 228 <> Apakah nombor jalan tertinggi di Bronx? || 263 <> Di mana terletak Tempat Pertama? || Battery Park City <> Di mana East First Street terletak? || Alphabet City", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the highest numbered street on Manhattan Island?", "id": "56f8ab739e9bad19000a02a5", "answers": [{"text": "220th Street", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the highest street number within the borough of Manhattan?", "id": "56f8ab739e9bad19000a02a6", "answers": [{"text": "228", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the highest street number in the Bronx?", "id": "56f8ab739e9bad19000a02a7", "answers": [{"text": "263", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is First Place located?", "id": "56f8ab739e9bad19000a02a8", "answers": [{"text": "Battery Park City", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is East First Street located?", "id": "56f8ab739e9bad19000a02a9", "answers": [{"text": "Alphabet City", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "220th Street is the highest numbered street on Manhattan Island. Marble Hill is also within the borough of Manhattan, so the highest street number in the borough is 228th Street. However, the numbering continues in the Bronx up to 263rd Street. The lowest number is East First Street\u2014which runs in Alphabet City near East Houston Street\u2014as well as First Place in Battery Park City."}], ["23rd Street adalah jalan nombor utama lain di Manhattan. Ia bermula di FDR Drive dan berakhir di Elevenh Avenue. Panjangnya ialah 3.1 km / 1.9m. Ia mempunyai perjalanan dua hala. Pada 23rd Street terdapat lima stesen kereta api bawah tanah tempatan: <> Di mana Jalan ke-23 bermula? || FDR Drive <> Di manakah berakhir pada 23rd Street? || Kesebelas Avenue <> Apakah panjang 23rd Street dalam kilometer? || 3.1 km <> Adakah lalu lintas bergerak dalam satu atau dua cara pada 23rd Street? || dua arah <> Berapa banyak stesen kereta bawah tanah tempatan pada 23rd Street? || lima", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does 23rd Street begin?", "id": "56f9396d9b226e1400dd12ac", "answers": [{"text": "FDR Drive", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does 23rd Street end?", "id": "56f9396d9b226e1400dd12ad", "answers": [{"text": "Eleventh Avenue", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the length of 23rd Street in kilometers?", "id": "56f9396d9b226e1400dd12ae", "answers": [{"text": "3.1 km", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does traffic move in one or two ways on 23rd Street?", "id": "56f9396d9b226e1400dd12af", "answers": [{"text": "two-way", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many local subway stations are on 23rd Street?", "id": "56f9396d9b226e1400dd12b0", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "23rd Street is another main numbered street in Manhattan. It begins at FDR Drive and ends at Eleventh Avenue. Its length is 3.1 km/1.9m. It has two-way travel. On 23rd Street there are five local subway stations:"}], ["14th Street adalah jalan bernombor utama di Manhattan. Ia bermula di Avenue C dan berakhir di West Street. Panjangnya adalah 3.4 km (2.1 batu). Ia mempunyai enam stesen kereta api bawah tanah: <> Di manakah 14 Street bermula? || Avenue C <> Di manakah akhir 14 Jalan? || West Street <> Berapa banyak stesen kereta bawah tanah berada di 14th Street? || enam <> Apa panjang 14th Street dalam batu? || 2.1", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does 14th Street begin?", "id": "56f933959b226e1400dd128c", "answers": [{"text": "Avenue C", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does 14th Street end?", "id": "56f933959b226e1400dd128d", "answers": [{"text": "West Street", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many subway stations are on 14th Street?", "id": "56f933959b226e1400dd128e", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the length of 14th Street in miles?", "id": "56f933959b226e1400dd128f", "answers": [{"text": "2.1", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "14th Street is a main numbered street in Manhattan. It begins at Avenue C and ends at West Street. Its length is 3.4 km (2.1 mi). It has six subway stations:"}], ["18th Street mempunyai stesen keretapi bawah tanah tempatan di persimpangan dengan Seventh Avenue, berkhidmat dengan 1 2 kereta api di IRT Broadway - Seventh Avenue Line. Sudah tentu ada stesen Jalan ke-18 di IRT Lexington Avenue Line di persimpangan dengan Park Avenue South. <> Apa yang ada di persimpangan 18th Street dan Seventh Avenue? || stesen keretapi bawah tanah <> Jalur kereta api manakah kereta api 1 2 berkhidmat? || IRT Broadway - Line Ketujuh Avenue <> Jalur kereta api mana yang digunakan untuk mempunyai Stesen Jalan ke-18 di persimpangan dengan Park Avenue South? || IRT Lexington Avenue Line", {"qas": [{"question": "What is at the crossing of 18th Street and Seventh Avenue?", "id": "56f9367f9b226e1400dd1294", "answers": [{"text": "subway station", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which train line do the 1 2 trains serve?", "id": "56f9367f9b226e1400dd1295", "answers": [{"text": "IRT Broadway \u2013 Seventh Avenue Line", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which train line used to have an 18th Street Station at the crossing with Park Avenue South?", "id": "56f9367f9b226e1400dd1296", "answers": [{"text": "IRT Lexington Avenue Line", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "18th Street has a local subway station at the crossing with Seventh Avenue, served by the 1 2 trains on the IRT Broadway \u2013 Seventh Avenue Line. There used to be an 18th Street station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line at the crossing with Park Avenue South."}], ["13th Street berada dalam tiga bahagian. Yang pertama adalah jalan buntu dari Avenue C. Yang kedua bermula di jalan buntu, tepat sebelum Avenue B, dan berjalan ke Greenwich Avenue, dan bahagian ketiga adalah dari Eighth Avenue hingga Tenth Avenue. <> 13th Street dibahagikan kepada berapa bahagian? || Tiga <> Bahagian pertama dari Jalan ke-13 adalah jalan buntu dari mana Avenue? || C <> Di mana bahagian kedua Street ke-13 berakhir? || Greenwich Avenue <> Jalan manakah yang mempunyai bahagian ketiga diantara Lorong Kelapan dan Jalan Ketujuh? || 13th Street", {"qas": [{"question": "13th Street is divided into how many parts?", "id": "56f9313f9b226e1400dd1284", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first part of 13th Street is a dead end from which Avenue?", "id": "56f9313f9b226e1400dd1285", "answers": [{"text": "C", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the second part of 13th Street end?", "id": "56f9313f9b226e1400dd1286", "answers": [{"text": "Greenwich Avenue", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which street has its third section between Eighth Avenue and Tenth Avenue?", "id": "56f9313f9b226e1400dd1287", "answers": [{"text": "13th Street", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "13th Street is in three parts. The first is a dead end from Avenue C. The second starts at a dead end, just before Avenue B, and runs to Greenwich Avenue, and the third part is from Eighth Avenue to Tenth Avenue."}], ["15th Street bermula di FDR Drive, dan Jalan 16 bermula pada jalan buntu antara FDR Drive dan Avenue C. Kedua-duanya dihentikan di Avenue C dan terus dari First Avenue ke West Street, berhenti lagi di Union Square, dan Street 16 juga berhenti di Stuyvesant Square. <> Di mana Jalan 15 bermula? || FDR Drive <> Jalan mana yang bermula pada separuh jalan mati antara FDR Drive dan Avenue C? || 16th Street <16th Street berhenti di mana Square? || Stuyvesant <> Yang Square berhenti kedua-dua Jalan ke-15 dan ke-16? || Union Square", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does 15th Street start?", "id": "56f9347d9e9bad19000a0803", "answers": [{"text": "FDR Drive", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which road starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C?", "id": "56f9347d9e9bad19000a0804", "answers": [{"text": "16th Street", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "16th Street pauses at which Square?", "id": "56f9347d9e9bad19000a0805", "answers": [{"text": "Stuyvesant", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Square stops both 15th and 16th Streets?", "id": "56f9347d9e9bad19000a0806", "answers": [{"text": "Union Square", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "15th Street starts at FDR Drive, and 16th Street starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C. They are both stopped at Avenue C and continue from First Avenue to West Street, stopped again at Union Square, and 16th Street also pauses at Stuyvesant Square."}], ["20th Street bermula di Avenue C, dan 21th dan 22th Street bermula di First Avenue. Mereka semua berakhir di Elevenh Avenue. Perjalanan di blok terakhir Jalan ke-20, 21 dan 22, antara Jalan Kesepuluh dan Kesebelas, berada dalam arah yang bertentangan daripada di jalan lain. 20th Street sangat luas dari Avenue C ke First Avenue. <> Dimana bermula 10th Street? || Avenue C <> Di mana Avenue melakukan 21st dan 22nd Street bermula? || Pertama <> Apa yang berbeza tentang Jalan 20 di antara Avenue C dan First Avenue? || sangat luas <> Jalan manakah jauh lebih luas dari Avenue C ke First Avenue? || 20th Street <> Bagaimanakah perjalanan lalu lintas di blok terakhir Jalan ke-20, 21, dan 22? || dalam arah yang bertentangan", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does 10th Street start?", "id": "56f937b49b226e1400dd129a", "answers": [{"text": "Avenue C", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At which Avenue do 21st and 22nd Streets begin?", "id": "56f937b49b226e1400dd129b", "answers": [{"text": "First", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is different about 20th Street between Avenue C and First Avenue?", "id": "56f937b49b226e1400dd129c", "answers": [{"text": "very wide", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which street is much wider from Avenue C to First Avenue?", "id": "56f937b49b226e1400dd129d", "answers": [{"text": "20th Street", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does traffic travel on the last block of the 20th, 21st, and 22nd Streets?", "id": "56f937b49b226e1400dd129e", "answers": [{"text": "in the opposite direction", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "20th Street starts at Avenue C, and 21st and 22nd Streets begin at First Avenue. They all end at Eleventh Avenue. Travel on the last block of the 20th, 21st and 22nd Streets, between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, is in the opposite direction than it is on the rest of the respective street. 20th Street is very wide from the Avenue C to First Avenue."}], ["11th Street berada dalam dua bahagian. Ia terganggu oleh blok yang mengandungi Gereja Grace antara Broadway dan Fourth Avenue. Jalan ke-11 timur berjalan dari Fourth Avenue ke Avenue C dan berjalan melepasi Webster Hall. Barat 11th Street berjalan dari Broadway ke West Street. 11th Street dan 6th Avenue adalah lokasi kedai Old Grapevine dari tahun 1700-an hingga penghancurannya pada awal abad ke-20. <> Jalan mana yang berjalan dari Broadway ke West Street? || West 11th Street <> Kapan kedai Grapevine Lama dirobohkan? || awal abad ke-20 <11th Street dan 6th Avenue adalah rumah kedai minuman dari tahun 1700an? || Old Grapevine <> Apa gereja menjejaskan Jalan ke-11 antara Broadway dan Fourth Avenue? || Gereja Grace", {"qas": [{"question": "Which street runs from Broadway to West Street?", "id": "56f930029b226e1400dd127c", "answers": [{"text": "West 11th Street", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Old Grapevine tavern demolished?", "id": "56f930029b226e1400dd127d", "answers": [{"text": "early 20th century", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "11th Street and 6th Avenue was the home of what tavern from the 1700s?", "id": "56f930029b226e1400dd127e", "answers": [{"text": "Old Grapevine", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What church interuppts 11th Street between Broadway and Fourth Avenue?", "id": "56f930029b226e1400dd127f", "answers": [{"text": "Grace Church", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "11th Street is in two parts. It is interrupted by the block containing Grace Church between Broadway and Fourth Avenue. East 11th streets runs from Fourth Avenue to Avenue C and runs past Webster Hall. West 11th Street runs from Broadway to West Street. 11th Street and 6th Avenue was the location of the Old Grapevine tavern from the 1700s to its demolition in the early 20th century."}], ["Antara Jalan Kedua dan Ketiga, 21st Street secara alternatif dikenali sebagai Pegawai Polis Anthony Sanchez Way. Di sepanjang perimeter utara Taman Gramercy, antara Gramercy Park East dan Gramercy Park West, 21st Street dikenali sebagai Gramercy Park North. <> Jalan mana yang juga dikenali sebagai Pegawai Polis Anthony Sanchez Way? || 21st Street <> Apa 21st Street yang dikenali sebagai di sepanjang perimeter utara Gramercy Park? || Gramercy Park North <> Antara jalan yang mana 21 Street yang dikenali oleh Pegawai Polis Anthony Sanchez Way? || Jalan Kedua dan Ketiga <> Pegawai polis yang mana bahagian seksyen 21 merujuk kepada? || Anthony Sanchez", {"qas": [{"question": "Which Street is also known as Police Officer Anthony Sanchez Way?", "id": "56f938d29b226e1400dd12a4", "answers": [{"text": "21st Street", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is 21st Street known as along the northern perimeter of Gramercy Park?", "id": "56f938d29b226e1400dd12a5", "answers": [{"text": "Gramercy Park North", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Between what avenues is 21st Street known by Police Officer Anthony Sanchez Way?", "id": "56f938d29b226e1400dd12a6", "answers": [{"text": "Second and Third Avenues", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which police officer does a section of 21st Street refer to?", "id": "56f938d29b226e1400dd12a7", "answers": [{"text": "Anthony Sanchez", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Between Second and Third Avenues, 21st Street is alternatively known as Police Officer Anthony Sanchez Way. Along the northern perimeter of Gramercy Park, between Gramercy Park East and Gramercy Park West, 21st Street is known as Gramercy Park North."}], ["Pada 17th Street (40 \u00b0 44'08 \"N 73 \u00b0 59'12\" W / 40.735532 \u00b0 N 73.986575 \u00b0 W / 40.735532; -73.986575), lalu lintas berjalan satu jalan di sepanjang jalan, dari timur ke barat kecuali peregangan antara Broadway dan Park Avenue South, di mana lalu lintas berjalan di kedua-dua arah. Ia membentuk sempadan utara Union Square (antara Broadway dan Park Avenue Selatan) dan Stuyvesant Square. Komposer rumah New York Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k terletak di 327 East 17th Street, berhampiran Perlman Place. Rumah itu dibakar oleh Pusat Perubatan Beth Israel setelah menerima permohonan 1991 untuk merobohkan rumah itu dan menggantikannya dengan hospis AIDS. Majalah Time dimulakan di 141 East 17th Street. <> Apa yang tidak biasa mengenai lalu lintas antara Broadway dan Park Avenue Selatan di 17th Street? || berjalan di kedua-dua arah <> Adakah lalu lintas di 17th Street biasanya berjalan satu atau dua cara? || satu cara <> Apakah pekerjaan orang yang tinggal di 327 East 17th Street? || Komposer <> Dimana Majalah Time bermula? || 141 East 17th Street <> Apakah rumah New York Antonin Dvorak diganti setelah ia dirobohkan? || Hospis AIDS", {"qas": [{"question": "What is unusual about the traffic between Broadway and Park Avenue South on 17th Street?", "id": "56f9357a9e9bad19000a080b", "answers": [{"text": "runs in both directions", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does traffic on 17th Street generally run one way or two ways?", "id": "56f9357a9e9bad19000a080c", "answers": [{"text": "one way", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the job of the person who lived at 327 East 17th Street?", "id": "56f9357a9e9bad19000a080d", "answers": [{"text": "Composer", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Time Magazine started?", "id": "56f9357a9e9bad19000a080e", "answers": [{"text": "141 East 17th Street", "answer_start": 650}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Antonin Dvorak's New York home replaced with after it was demolished?", "id": "56f9357a9e9bad19000a080f", "answers": [{"text": "AIDS hospice", "answer_start": 607}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 17th Street (40\u00b044\u203208\u2033N 73\u00b059\u203212\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff40.735532\u00b0N 73.986575\u00b0W\ufeff / 40.735532; -73.986575), traffic runs one way along the street, from east to west excepting the stretch between Broadway and Park Avenue South, where traffic runs in both directions. It forms the northern borders of both Union Square (between Broadway and Park Avenue South) and Stuyvesant Square. Composer Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k's New York home was located at 327 East 17th Street, near Perlman Place. The house was razed by Beth Israel Medical Center after it received approval of a 1991 application to demolish the house and replace it with an AIDS hospice. Time Magazine was started at 141 East 17th Street."}], ["10th Street (40 \u00b0 44'03 \"N 74 \u00b0 00'11\" W / 40.7342580 \u00b0 N 74.0029670 \u00b0 W / 40.7342580; -74.0029670) bermula di FDR Drive dan Avenue C. West of Sixth Avenue, kira-kira 40 darjah untuk menyertai grid jalan Greenwich Village dan terus ke West Street di Sungai Hudson. Kerana West 4th Street bertukar ke arah utara di Sixth Avenue, ia memasuki 10th, 11th dan 12th dan 13th Streets di West Village. Bas M8 beroperasi di 10th Street di kedua-dua arah antara Avenue D dan Avenue A, dan arah timur antara West Street dan Sixth Avenue. 10th Street mempunyai lorong basikal timur dari West Street ke Sungai Timur. Pada tahun 2009, bahagian dua hala Jalan 10 di antara Avenue A dan Sungai Timur mempunyai tanda basikal dan alat ganti yang dipasang, tetapi masih tidak mempunyai lorong basikal khusus. West 10th Street sebelum ini dinamakan Amos Street untuk Richard Amos. Akhir West 10th Street menuju Hudson River pernah menjadi tempat Penjara Newgate, penjara pertama New York City dan kedua Amerika Syarikat. <> Bas mana yang beroperasi di 10th Street antara Avenues D dan A dan antara West Street dan Sixth Ave? || M8 <> Adakah bahagian dua arah di 10th Street mempunyai lorong basikal khusus? || tidak <> Akhir dari jalan mana yang pernah tinggal di Penjara Newgate? || West 10th Street <> Yang mana penjara pertama di New York City? || Penjara Newgate <> Apakah nama penjara kedua Amerika Syarikat? || Penjara Newgate", {"qas": [{"question": "Which bus operates on 10th Street between Avenues D and A and between West Street and Sixth Ave?", "id": "56f92e7b9b226e1400dd1272", "answers": [{"text": "M8", "answer_start": 413}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does the two-way section of 10th Street have a dedicated bike lane?", "id": "56f92e7b9b226e1400dd1273", "answers": [{"text": "no", "answer_start": 763}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The end of what road was once home to Newgate Prison?", "id": "56f92e7b9b226e1400dd1274", "answers": [{"text": "West 10th Street", "answer_start": 866}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which prison was New York City's first?", "id": "56f92e7b9b226e1400dd1275", "answers": [{"text": "Newgate Prison", "answer_start": 928}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the United States' second prison?", "id": "56f92e7b9b226e1400dd1276", "answers": [{"text": "Newgate Prison", "answer_start": 928}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "10th Street (40\u00b044\u203203\u2033N 74\u00b000\u203211\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff40.7342580\u00b0N 74.0029670\u00b0W\ufeff / 40.7342580; -74.0029670) begins at the FDR Drive and Avenue C. West of Sixth Avenue, it turns southward about 40 degrees to join the Greenwich Village street grid and continue to West Street on the Hudson River. Because West 4th Street turns northward at Sixth Avenue, it intersects 10th, 11th and 12th and 13th Streets in the West Village. The M8 bus operates on 10th Street in both directions between Avenue D and Avenue A, and eastbound between West Street and Sixth Avenue. 10th Street has an eastbound bike lane from West Street to the East River. In 2009, the two-way section of 10th Street between Avenue A and the East River had bicycle markings and sharrows installed, but it still has no dedicated bike lane. West 10th Street was previously named Amos Street for Richard Amos. The end of West 10th Street toward the Hudson River was once the home of Newgate Prison, New York City's first prison and the United States' second."}], ["114th Street menandakan sempadan selatan Columbia University's Morningside Heights Campus dan merupakan lokasi Perpustakaan Butler, yang merupakan universiti terbesar. <> Perpustakaan mana yang terbesar di Columbia University? || Perpustakaan Butler <> 114th Street menandakan sempadan selatan yang kampus Morningside Heights universiti itu? || Columbia University <> 114th Street berjalan di sepanjang sempadan Columbia University Morningside Heights Campus? || selatan", {"qas": [{"question": "Which library is Columbia University's largest?", "id": "56f949339e9bad19000a081f", "answers": [{"text": "Butler Library", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "114th Street marks the southern boundary of which university's Morningside Heights Campus?", "id": "56f949339e9bad19000a0820", "answers": [{"text": "Columbia University", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "114th Street runs along which boundary of Columbia University's Morningside Heights Campus?", "id": "56f949339e9bad19000a0821", "answers": [{"text": "southern", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "114th Street marks the southern boundary of Columbia University\u2019s Morningside Heights Campus and is the location of Butler Library, which is the University\u2019s largest."}], ["112th Street bermula di Morningside Heights dan berjalan dari Riverside Drive ke Amsterdam Avenue, di mana ia memenuhi langkah-langkah Katedral Saint John the Divine. Jalan semula di pinggir timur Morningside Park dan melewati Harlem sebelum berakhir di First Avenue bersebelahan Thomas Jefferson Park di East Harlem. Lokasi yang ketara termasuklah: <> Di mana Jalan 112 bermula? || Morningside Heights <> Jalan mana yang berjalan dari Riverside Drive ke Amsterdam Avenue? || Jalan ke-112 Jalan manakah yang memenuhi tangga Katedral Saint John the Divine? || 112th Street", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does 112th Street start?", "id": "56f948989b226e1400dd12f2", "answers": [{"text": "Morningside Heights", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which street runs from Riverside Drive to Amsterdam Avenue?", "id": "56f948989b226e1400dd12f3", "answers": [{"text": "112th Street", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which road meets the steps of the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine?", "id": "56f948989b226e1400dd12f4", "answers": [{"text": "112th Street", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "112th Street starts in Morningside Heights and runs from Riverside Drive to Amsterdam Avenue, where it meets the steps of the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine. The street resumes at the eastern edge of Morningside Park and extends through Harlem before ending at First Avenue adjacent Thomas Jefferson Park in East Harlem. Notable locations include:"}], ["35th Street berjalan dari FDR Drive ke Elevenh Avenue. Lokasi terkenal termasuklah East River Ferry, ibu pejabat LaptopMD, Mercy College Manhattan Campus, dan Pusat Konvensyen Jacob K. Javits. <> Di mana Jalan ke-35 bermula? || FDR Drive <> Di manakah akhir Street 35? || Avenue Elevenh <> Di mana jalan kantor ibu pejabat LaptopMD? || 35th Street <> Jalan mana yang terletak di Pusat Konvensyen Jacob K. Javits? || 35th Street <> Jalan manakah yang berjalan dari FDR Drive ke Elevenh Avenue? || 35th Street", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does 35th Street begin?", "id": "56f9429c9b226e1400dd12da", "answers": [{"text": "FDR Drive", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does 35th Street end?", "id": "56f9429c9b226e1400dd12db", "answers": [{"text": "Eleventh Avenue", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On which street does LaptopMD headquarters sit?", "id": "56f9429c9b226e1400dd12dc", "answers": [{"text": "35th Street", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On which street is the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center located?", "id": "56f9429c9b226e1400dd12dd", "answers": [{"text": "35th Street", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which street runs from FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue?", "id": "56f9429c9b226e1400dd12de", "answers": [{"text": "35th Street", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "35th Street runs from FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue. Notable locations include East River Ferry, LaptopMD headquarters, Mercy College Manhattan Campus, and Jacob K. Javits Convention Center."}], ["27th Street adalah jalan sehala yang berjalan dari Second Avenue ke Lebuh Raya Barat Side dengan gangguan antara Eighth Avenue dan Tenth Avenue. Ia paling terkenal dengan jalur antara Kesepuluh dan Kesebelas Laluan, yang dikenali sebagai Club Row kerana ia mempunyai banyak kelab malam dan lounge. <> Jalan mana yang berlaku di Club Row? || 27th Street <> Strip mana yang dikenali dengan kelab malam dan lounge? || Club Row <> Apakah jalur 27th Street antara Kesepuluh dan Kesebelas Jalan yang dikenali sebagai? || Club Row <> Adakah traffuc di Jalan 27 berjalan satu arah atau dua cara? || satu arah <> Di mana Jalan 27 bermula? || Second Avenue", {"qas": [{"question": "Which street does Club Row occur on?", "id": "56f93d7d9b226e1400dd12b6", "answers": [{"text": "27th Street", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which strip is known for its numerous nightclubs and lounges?", "id": "56f93d7d9b226e1400dd12b7", "answers": [{"text": "Club Row", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the strip of 27th Street between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues known as?", "id": "56f93d7d9b226e1400dd12b8", "answers": [{"text": "Club Row", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does traffuc on 27th Street run one-way or two-ways?", "id": "56f93d7d9b226e1400dd12b9", "answers": [{"text": "one-way", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does 27th Street start?", "id": "56f93d7d9b226e1400dd12ba", "answers": [{"text": "Second Avenue", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "27th Street is a one-way street runs from Second Avenue to the West Side Highway with an interruption between Eighth Avenue and Tenth Avenue. It is most noted for its strip between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, known as Club Row because it features numerous nightclubs and lounges."}], ["A bahagian Timur 58th Street 40 \u00b0 45'40.3 \"N 73 \u00b0 57'56.9\" W / 40.761194 \u00b0 N 73.965806 \u00b0 W / 40.761194; -73.965806 antara Lexington dan Avenues Kedua dikenali sebagai Jalan Reka Bentuk dan mempunyai beberapa reka bentuk dalaman dan hiasan dalaman yang tinggi, termasuk <> Apakah bahagian Jalan 58 Timur antara Lexington dan Jalan Kedua yang dikenali sebagai? || Cara Pereka <> Yang mana bahagian Makan 58th Street mempunyai reka bentuk dalaman dan hiasan dalaman yang tinggi? || Way Pereka <> Pereka Cara 'berlaku di East 58th Street antara Lexington dan yang lain Avenue? || Kedua", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the section of East 58th Street between Lexington and Second Avenues known as?", "id": "56f9453c9b226e1400dd12e4", "answers": [{"text": "Designers' Way", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which section of Eat 58th Street features high end interior design and decoration establishments?", "id": "56f9453c9b226e1400dd12e5", "answers": [{"text": "Designers' Way", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Designers' Way occurs on East 58th Street between Lexington and which other Avenue?", "id": "56f9453c9b226e1400dd12e6", "answers": [{"text": "Second", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A section of East 58th Street 40\u00b045\u203240.3\u2033N 73\u00b057\u203256.9\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff40.761194\u00b0N 73.965806\u00b0W\ufeff / 40.761194; -73.965806 between Lexington and Second Avenues is known as Designers' Way and features a number of high end interior design and decoration establishments, including"}], ["Dalam tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini, kelab-kelab malam di West 27th Street telah mengalami persaingan sengit dari Daerah Meatpacking Manhattan kira-kira lima belas blok selatan, dan tempat-tempat lain di pusat bandar Manhattan. <> Berapa banyak blok di selatan 27th Street adalah Daerah Manhattan's Meatpacking? || lima belas blok <> Perniagaan manakah di Kompetisi menghadapi Street 27 dari tempat-tempat lain di Manhattan dowtown? || kelab malam <> Arah apakah Manhattan's Meatpacking District dari West 27th Street? || selatan", {"qas": [{"question": "How many blocks south of 27th Street is Manhattan's Meatpacking District?", "id": "56f93e359b226e1400dd12c0", "answers": [{"text": "fifteen blocks", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which businesses on 27th Street face competition from other venues in dowtown Manhattan?", "id": "56f93e359b226e1400dd12c1", "answers": [{"text": "nightclubs", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What direction is Manhattan's Meatpacking District from West 27th Street?", "id": "56f93e359b226e1400dd12c2", "answers": [{"text": "south", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In recent years, the nightclubs on West 27th Street have succumbed to stiff competition from Manhattan's Meatpacking District about fifteen blocks south, and other venues in downtown Manhattan."}], ["24th Street berada dalam dua bahagian. 24th Street bermula di First Avenue dan berakhir di Madison Avenue, kerana Madison Square Park. 25th Street, yang terletak di tiga bahagian, bermula di FDR Drive, adalah plaza pejalan kaki di antara Third Avenue dan Lexington Avenue, dan berakhir di Madison. Kemudian Jalan ke 24 dan 25 Barat terus dari Fifth Avenue ke Elevenh Avenue (25th) atau Twelfth Avenue (24th). <> Jalan mana yang merupakan plaza pejalan kaki di antara Third Avenue dan Lexington Avenue? || 25th Street <> Di manakah jalan ke 24? || First Avenue <> Taman mana yang berada di penghujung Jalan ke-24 dan Madison Avenue? || Madison Square Park <> Di manakah akhir 25 Jalan? || Madison <> Setelah terganggu, di mana Jalan 24 dan 25 terus dari? || Avenue Kelima", {"qas": [{"question": "Which street is a pedestrian plaza between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue?", "id": "56f93cda9e9bad19000a0815", "answers": [{"text": "25th Street", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does 24th street start?", "id": "56f93cda9e9bad19000a0816", "answers": [{"text": "First Avenue", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which park is at the end of 24th Street and Madison Avenue?", "id": "56f93cda9e9bad19000a0817", "answers": [{"text": "Madison Square Park", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does 25th Street end?", "id": "56f93cda9e9bad19000a0818", "answers": [{"text": "Madison", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After being interrupted, where do 24th and 25th Streets continue from?", "id": "56f93cda9e9bad19000a0819", "answers": [{"text": "Fifth Avenue", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "24th Street is in two parts. 24th Street starts at First Avenue and it ends at Madison Avenue, because of Madison Square Park. 25th Street, which is in three parts, starts at FDR Drive, is a pedestrian plaza between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue, and ends at Madison. Then West 24th and 25th Streets continue from Fifth Avenue to Eleventh Avenue (25th) or Twelfth Avenue (24th)."}], ["Jalan ke timur, Jalan 27 melintasi Chelsea Park antara Kesepuluh dan Kesembilan Ke Jalan, dengan Institut Teknologi Fesyen (FIT) di sudut Kedelapan. Di Madison Avenue di antara 26 dan 27, di tapak Madison Square Garden yang lama, adalah New York Life Building, yang dibina pada tahun 1928 dan direka oleh Cass Gilbert, dengan sebuah menara persegi di atas piramid gilded yang menarik. Jalan Twenty-Seventh melepasi satu blok di utara Madison Square Park dan memuncak di Bellevue Hospital Centre di First Avenue. <> Institut Teknologi Fesyen berada di sudut Jalan 27 dan apa Avenue? || Kelapan <> Tahun apakah bangunan New York Life dibina? || 1928 <> Siapa yang merancang Bangunan New York Life? || Cass Gilbert <> Hospital mana yang terletak pada akhir jika Street 27? || Bellevue <> Taman mana yang 27 Jalankan melalui antara Kesembilan dan Kesepuluh Jalan? || Chelsea", {"qas": [{"question": "The Fashion Institute of Technology is on the corner of 27th Street and what Avenue?", "id": "56f9409c9b226e1400dd12c6", "answers": [{"text": "Eighth", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the New York Life Building built?", "id": "56f9409c9b226e1400dd12c7", "answers": [{"text": "1928", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who designed the New York Life Building?", "id": "56f9409c9b226e1400dd12c8", "answers": [{"text": "Cass Gilbert", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which hospital is located at the end if 27th Street?", "id": "56f9409c9b226e1400dd12c9", "answers": [{"text": "Bellevue", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which park does 27th Street pass through between Ninth and Tenth Avenues?", "id": "56f9409c9b226e1400dd12ca", "answers": [{"text": "Chelsea", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Heading east, 27th Street passes through Chelsea Park between Tenth and Ninth Avenues, with the Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT) on the corner of Eighth. On Madison Avenue between 26th and 27th streets, on the site of the old Madison Square Garden, is the New York Life Building, built in 1928 and designed by Cass Gilbert, with a square tower topped by a striking gilded pyramid. Twenty-Seventh Street passes one block north of Madison Square Park and culminates at Bellevue Hospital Center on First Avenue."}], ["90th Street dipecahkan kepada dua segmen. Segmen pertama, West 90th Street bermula di Riverside Drive dan berakhir di Central Park West atau West Drive, ketika dibuka, di Central Park di Upper West Side. Segmen kedua Street 90th Timur bermula di East Drive, di Pintu Jurutera Central Park. Apabila East Drive ditutup, East 90th Street bermula di Fifth Avenue di Upper East Side dan lengkung di sebelah kanan di FDR Drive menjadi East End Avenue. Gereja Lady Counsel Baik, terletak di 90th Street Timur antara Third Avenue dan Second Avenue, di seberang jalan dari Ruppert Towers (1601 dan 1619 Third Avenue) dan Ruppert Park. Asphalt Green, yang terletak di East 90th Street antara York Avenue dan East End Avenue. <> Jalan mana yang bermula di East Drive, di Pintu Jurutera Central Park? || East 90th Street <> Gereja mana yang terletak di Timur 90th Street antara Jalan Kedua dan Ketiga? || Gereja Lady of Good Counsel <> Menara mana yang terletak di 1601 dan 1619 Third Avenue? || Ruppert Towers <> Apa yang terletak di East 90th Street antara York Avenue dan East End Avenue? || Asphalt Green", {"qas": [{"question": "Which street begins at East Drive, at Engineers Gate of Central Park?", "id": "56f9461c9b226e1400dd12ea", "answers": [{"text": "East 90th Street", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which church is located on East 90th Street between Second and Third Avenue?", "id": "56f9461c9b226e1400dd12eb", "answers": [{"text": "Our Lady of Good Counsel Church", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which towers are located at 1601 and 1619 Third Avenue?", "id": "56f9461c9b226e1400dd12ec", "answers": [{"text": "Ruppert Towers", "answer_start": 584}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is located on East 90th Street between York Avenue and East End Avenue?", "id": "56f9461c9b226e1400dd12ed", "answers": [{"text": "Asphalt Green", "answer_start": 646}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "90th Street is split into two segments. The first segment, West 90th Street begins at Riverside Drive and ends at Central Park West or West Drive, when it is open, in Central Park on the Upper West Side. The second segment of East 90th Street begins at East Drive, at Engineers Gate of Central Park. When East Drive is closed, East 90th Street begins at Fifth Avenue on the Upper East Side and curves to the right at the FDR Drive becoming East End Avenue. Our Lady of Good Counsel Church, is located on East 90th Street between Third Avenue and Second Avenue, across the street from Ruppert Towers (1601 and 1619 Third Avenue) and Ruppert Park. Asphalt Green, which is located on East 90th Street between York Avenue and East End Avenue."}], ["31st Street bermula di West Side di West Side Yard, manakala 32nd Street, yang merangkumi segmen yang secara rasmi dikenali sebagai Korea Way antara Fifth Avenue dan Broadway di Koreatown Manhattan, bermula di pintu masuk ke Penn Station dan Madison Square Garden. Di East Side, kedua-dua jalan itu berakhir di Second Avenue di Kips Bay Towers dan Pusat Perubatan NYU yang menduduki kawasan antara Jalan ke-30 dan ke-34. Gereja Katolik St Francis of Assisi terletak di 135-139 West 31st Street. Di 210 Barat adalah Biara Capuchin St. John the Baptist, sebahagian daripada Gereja St. John the Baptist di Jalan 30th. Di sudut Broadway dan West 31st Street adalah Grand Hotel. Bekas Hotel Pierrepont terletak di 43 West 32nd Street, menara NYC Continental berada di sudut Sixth Avenue dan 32nd Street. 29 East 32nd Street adalah lokasi bangunan pertama yang dimiliki oleh Grolier Club antara tahun 1890 dan 1917. <> Di mana jalan ke 31st bermula? || West Side Yard <> Yang mana gereja terletak di 135-139 West 31st Street? || Gereja Katolik St. Francis of Assisi yang memiliki bangunan di 29 East 32 Street antara 1890 dan 1917? || Grolier Club <> Sudut Broadway dan West 31st Street adalah rumah untuk perniagaan apa? || Grand Hotel <> Pusat religios mana yang terletak di 210 Barat? || Biara Capuchin St. John the Baptist", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does 31st Street begin?", "id": "56f941eb9b226e1400dd12d0", "answers": [{"text": "West Side Yard", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which church is situated at 135-139 West 31st Street?", "id": "56f941eb9b226e1400dd12d1", "answers": [{"text": "Catholic church of St. Francis of Assisi", "answer_start": 410}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who owned the building at 29 East 32nd Street between 1890 and 1917?", "id": "56f941eb9b226e1400dd12d2", "answers": [{"text": "Grolier Club", "answer_start": 886}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The corner of Broadway and West 31st Street is home to what business?", "id": "56f941eb9b226e1400dd12d3", "answers": [{"text": "Grand Hotel", "answer_start": 661}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which religios center is located at 210 West?", "id": "56f941eb9b226e1400dd12d4", "answers": [{"text": "Capuchin Monastery of St. John the Baptist", "answer_start": 511}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "31st Street begins on the West Side at the West Side Yard, while 32nd Street, which includes a segment officially known as Korea Way between Fifth Avenue and Broadway in Manhattan's Koreatown, begins at the entrance to Penn Station and Madison Square Garden. On the East Side, both streets end at Second Avenue at Kips Bay Towers and NYU Medical Center which occupy the area between 30th and 34th Streets. The Catholic church of St. Francis of Assisi is situated at 135\u2013139 West 31st Street. At 210 West is the Capuchin Monastery of St. John the Baptist, part of St. John the Baptist Church on 30th Street. At the corner of Broadway and West 31st Street is the Grand Hotel. The former Hotel Pierrepont was located at 43 West 32nd Street, The Continental NYC tower is at the corner of Sixth Avenue and 32nd Street. 29 East 32nd Street was the location of the first building owned by the Grolier Club between 1890 and 1917."}], ["40 \u00b0 48'32 \"N 73 \u00b0 57'14\" W / 40.8088 \u00b0 N 73.9540 \u00b0 W / 40.8088; -73.9540 122nd Street dibahagikan kepada tiga segmen yang tidak bersamaan, E 122nd Street, Jalan 122nd Street, dan Jalan Seminary Semenanjung W 122nd, oleh Marcus Garvey Memorial Park dan Morningside Park. <> Taman memorial mana yang membahagi 122nd Street? || Marcus Garvey <> Taman mana yang membahagi 122 Jalan bersama dengan Marcus Garvey Memorial Park? || Morningside Park <> Berapa banyak segmen 122 Jalan dibahagikan kepada? || tiga <> Adakah tiga segmen 122nd Street bersebelahan atau tidak bersambung? || tidak bersamaan", {"qas": [{"question": "Which memorial park divides 122nd Street?", "id": "56f9551e9e9bad19000a082f", "answers": [{"text": "Marcus Garvey", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which park divides 122nd Street along with Marcus Garvey Memorial Park?", "id": "56f9551e9e9bad19000a0830", "answers": [{"text": "Morningside Park", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many segments is 122nd Street divided into?", "id": "56f9551e9e9bad19000a0831", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Are 122nd Street's three segments contiguous or noncontiguous?", "id": "56f9551e9e9bad19000a0832", "answers": [{"text": "noncontiguous", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "40\u00b048\u203232\u2033N 73\u00b057\u203214\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff40.8088\u00b0N 73.9540\u00b0W\ufeff / 40.8088; -73.9540 122nd Street is divided into three noncontiguous segments, E 122nd Street, W 122nd Street, and W 122nd Street Seminary Row, by Marcus Garvey Memorial Park and Morningside Park."}], ["Di atas Jalan 114 di antara Amsterdam Avenue dan Morningside Drive, terdapat jambatan pejalan kaki dalaman yang menghubungkan dua buah bangunan di kampus St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Centre. <> Di jalan mana jambatan pejalan kaki tertutup swasta antara Amsterdam Avenue dan Morningside Drive? || 114th Street <> Aove 114th Street adalah jambatan pejalan kaki swasta yang menghubungkan dua bangunan dari organisasi apa? || Pusat Hospital St. Luke's-Roosevelt <> Jambatan yang menghubungkan dua bangunan St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital di atas jalan itu? || 114th Street", {"qas": [{"question": "On which street is a private indoor pedestrian bridge between Amsterdam Avenue and Morningside Drive?", "id": "56f94b2d9b226e1400dd12f8", "answers": [{"text": "114th Street", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aove 114th Street is a private pedestrian bridge connecting two buildings from what organization?", "id": "56f94b2d9b226e1400dd12f9", "answers": [{"text": "St. Luke's\u2013Roosevelt Hospital Center", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A bridge connecting two of St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center's buildings crosses above which road?", "id": "56f94b2d9b226e1400dd12fa", "answers": [{"text": "114th Street", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Above 114th Street between Amsterdam Avenue and Morningside Drive, there is a private indoor pedestrian bridge connecting two buildings on the campus of St. Luke's\u2013Roosevelt Hospital Center."}], ["Row Seminary dinamakan Seminari Theological Theological dan Seminari Teologi Yahudi yang disentuh. Row Seminary juga dikendalikan oleh Sekolah Muzik Manhattan, Gereja Riverside, Sakura Park, Makam Grant, dan Morningside Park. <> Selain Seminari Theological Theological, yang mana Seminari lain menyentuh Seminary Row? || Teologi Yahudi <> Selain daripada Seminari Teologi Yahudi, yang mana Seminari lain menyentuh Seminary Row? || Theological Union <> Jalan mana yang dijalankan oleh dua Seminari, Sekolah Muzik Manhattan, Gereja Riverside, dan Makam Grant? || Barisan Seminari", {"qas": [{"question": "Besides the Union Theological Seminary, which other Seminary touches Seminary Row?", "id": "56f9613f9b226e1400dd13f2", "answers": [{"text": "Jewish Theological", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Other than the Jewish Theological Seminary, which other Seminary touches Seminary Row?", "id": "56f9613f9b226e1400dd13f3", "answers": [{"text": "Union Theological", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which road runs by two Seminaries, the Manhattan School of Music, Riverside Church, and Grant's Tomb?", "id": "56f9613f9b226e1400dd13f4", "answers": [{"text": "Seminary Row", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Seminary Row is named for the Union Theological Seminary and the Jewish Theological Seminary which it touches. Seminary Row also runs by the Manhattan School of Music, Riverside Church, Sakura Park, Grant's Tomb, and Morningside Park."}], ["Street 122 disebut dalam filem Pemandu Teksi oleh watak utama Travis Bickle sebagai lokasi di mana pemandu pemandu teksi diserang dengan pisau. Jalan dan sekitarnya kejiranan Harlem kemudian dirujuk sebagai \"Mau Mau Land\" oleh watak lain bernama Wizard, slang yang menunjukkan ia adalah kawasan hitam majoriti. <> Siapa watak utama dalam Pemandu Teksi? || Travis Bickle <> Jalan apa yang disebutkan dalam filem Pemandu Teksi sebagai lokasi di mana pemandu teksi diserang? || 122nd Street <> Karakter yang mana dalam Pemandu Teksi dianggap Street 122 sebagai \"Mau Mau Land\"? || Wizard <> Apakah istilah yang diberikan kepada Street 122 oleh Wizard dalam Pemandu Teksi yang menunjukkan kawasan tersebut adalah hitam majoriti? || \"Mau Mau Land\" <> Kejiranan yang mengelilingi Jalan 122? || Harlem", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is the main character in Taxi Driver?", "id": "56f968aa9e9bad19000a08d7", "answers": [{"text": "Travis Bickle", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What street is mentioned in the movie Taxi Driver as the location where a cab driver is assaulted?", "id": "56f968aa9e9bad19000a08d8", "answers": [{"text": "122nd Street", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which character in Taxi Driver deemed 122nd Street as \"Mau Mau Land\"?", "id": "56f968aa9e9bad19000a08d9", "answers": [{"text": "Wizard", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term given to 122nd Street by Wizard in Taxi Driver indicating the area is majority black?", "id": "56f968aa9e9bad19000a08da", "answers": [{"text": "\"Mau Mau Land\"", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which neighborhood surrounds 122nd Street?", "id": "56f968aa9e9bad19000a08db", "answers": [{"text": "Harlem", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "122nd Street is mentioned in the movie Taxi Driver by main character Travis Bickle as the location where a fellow cab driver is assaulted with a knife. The street and the surrounding neighborhood of Harlem is then referred to as \"Mau Mau Land\" by another character named Wizard, slang indicating it is a majority black area."}], ["W 122nd Street berjalan enam blok (3,280 kaki (1,000 m)) dari persimpangan Mount Morris Park West di Marcus Garvey Memorial Park dan berakhir di persimpangan Morningside Avenue di Morningside Park. Segmen ini berjalan di Daerah Sejarah Gunung Morris dan melintasi bahagian-bahagian Lenox Avenue (Sixth Avenue), Seventh Avenue, Frederick Douglass Boulevard (Eighth Avenue), dan Manhattan Avenue. <> Di mana persimpangan jalan W 122nd Street tamat? || Morningside Avenue <> Di mana taman memasuki jalan W 122nd Street? || Morningside Park <> Berapa banyak blok dari barat dari persimpangan Gunung Morris Park yang dijalankan oleh Jalan W 122nd Street? || enam <> Melalui mana distrik bersejarah yang dijalankan W 122nd Street? || Mount Morris <> Apakah nama alternatif untuk Sixth Avenue? || Lenox Avenue", {"qas": [{"question": "At which intersection does W 122nd Street terminate?", "id": "56f957d89e9bad19000a0853", "answers": [{"text": "Morningside Avenue", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At which park does W 122nd Street end?", "id": "56f957d89e9bad19000a0854", "answers": [{"text": "Morningside Park", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many blocks west from the intersection of Mount Morris Park does W 122nd Street run?", "id": "56f957d89e9bad19000a0855", "answers": [{"text": "six", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Through which historical district does W 122nd Street run?", "id": "56f957d89e9bad19000a0856", "answers": [{"text": "Mount Morris", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an alternative name for Sixth Avenue?", "id": "56f957d89e9bad19000a0857", "answers": [{"text": "Lenox Avenue", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "W 122nd Street runs six blocks (3,280 feet (1,000 m)) west from the intersection of Mount Morris Park West at Marcus Garvey Memorial Park and terminates at the intersection of Morningside Avenue at Morningside Park. This segment runs in the Mount Morris Historical District and crosses portions of Lenox Avenue (Sixth Avenue), Seventh Avenue, Frederick Douglass Boulevard (Eighth Avenue), and Manhattan Avenue."}], ["W 122nd Street Seminary Row berjalan tiga blok (1,500 kaki (460 m)) barat dari persimpangan Amsterdam Avenue (Tenth Avenue) dan berakhir di persimpangan Riverside Drive. Timur Amsterdam, Seminary Row melangkah ke selatan di sepanjang Morningside Park dan meletak jawatan sebagai Morningside Drive (Ninth Avenue). Barisan seminari berjalan di Morningside Heights, daerah sekitar Columbia University, dan melintasi bahagian-bahagian Broadway dan Claremont Avenue. <> Apa nama lain untuk Tenth Avenue? || Amsterdam Avenue <> Di mana persimpangan jalan akhir W 122nd Street? || Riverside Drive <> Apakah nama lain untuk Ninth Avenue? || Morningside Drive <> Daerah mana yang mengelilingi Universiti Columbia? || Morningside Heights", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another name for Tenth Avenue?", "id": "56f95f549b226e1400dd13cc", "answers": [{"text": "Amsterdam Avenue", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At which intersection does W 122nd Street end?", "id": "56f95f549b226e1400dd13cd", "answers": [{"text": "Riverside Drive", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for Ninth Avenue?", "id": "56f95f549b226e1400dd13ce", "answers": [{"text": "Morningside Drive", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which district surrounds Columbia University?", "id": "56f95f549b226e1400dd13cf", "answers": [{"text": "Morningside Heights", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "W 122nd Street Seminary Row runs three blocks (1,500 feet (460 m)) west from the intersection of Amsterdam Avenue (Tenth Avenue) and terminates at the intersection of Riverside Drive. East of Amsterdam, Seminary Row bends south along Morningside Park and is resigned as Morningside Drive (Ninth Avenue). Seminary row runs in Morningside Heights, the district surrounding Columbia University, and crosses portions of Broadway and Claremont Avenue."}], ["E 122 Street berjalan empat blok (2,250 kaki (690 m)) dari persimpangan Second Avenue dan berakhir di persimpangan Madison Avenue di Marcus Garvey Memorial Park. Segmen ini berjalan di East Harlem dan melintasi bahagian Third Avenue, Lexington, dan Park (Fourth Avenue). <> Berapa banyak blok di sebelah barat Second Avenue berjalan ke Jalan E 122? || empat <> Di mana taman memasuki jalan E 122nd Street? || Marcus Garvey Memorial Park <> Di mana persimpangan jalan E 122nd diakhiri? || Madison Avenue <> Apakah nama lain untuk Fourth Avenue? || Park <> Segmen jalan apa yang melintasi bahagian Third Avenue, Lexington, dan Park dan berjalan di East Harlem? || E 122nd Street", {"qas": [{"question": "How many blocks west of Second Avenue does E 122nd Street run?", "id": "56f956209b226e1400dd134c", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At which park does E 122nd Street end?", "id": "56f956209b226e1400dd134d", "answers": [{"text": "Marcus Garvey Memorial Park", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At which intersection does E 122nd Street terminate?", "id": "56f956209b226e1400dd134e", "answers": [{"text": "Madison Avenue", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for Fourth Avenue?", "id": "56f956209b226e1400dd134f", "answers": [{"text": "Park", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A segment of what road crosses portions of Third Avenue, Lexington, and Park and runs in East Harlem?", "id": "56f956209b226e1400dd1350", "answers": [{"text": "E 122nd Street", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "E 122nd Street runs four blocks (2,250 feet (690 m)) west from the intersection of Second Avenue and terminates at the intersection of Madison Avenue at Marcus Garvey Memorial Park. This segment runs in East Harlem and crosses portions of Third Avenue, Lexington, and Park (Fourth Avenue)."}], ["40 \u00b0 48'47 \"N 73 \u00b0 57'27\" W / 40.813 \u00b0 N 73.9575 \u00b0 W / 40.813; -73.9575 La Salle Street adalah jalan di West Harlem yang hanya berjalan dua blok antara Amsterdam Avenue dan Claremont Avenue. West of Convent Avenue, Jalan 125 telah dilancarkan semula ke Old Manhattan Avenue. Jalan 125 yang asli di barat Convent Avenue telah ditelan untuk membuat blok-blok super di mana projek perumahan berpendapatan rendah kini wujud. La Salle Street adalah satu-satunya jalan keluar dari laluan asal. <> Jalan mana di West Harlem hanya berjalan dua blok antara Amersterdam Avenue dan Claremont Avenue? || La Salle Street <> La Salle Street berjalan antara Amsterdam Avenue dan mana Avenue yang lain? || Claremont <> Di mana kejiranan tidak berjalan La Salle Street? || West Harlem <> Jalan mana yang ditelan untuk membuat projek perumahan berpendapatan rendah? || 125th Street <> Street mana yang satu-satunya kawasan yang tersisa dari laluan ke Old Manhattan Avenue? || Jalan La Salle", {"qas": [{"question": "Which street in West Harlem runs just two blocks between Amersterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue?", "id": "56f96a6f9b226e1400dd141a", "answers": [{"text": "La Salle Street", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "La Salle Street runs between Amsterdam Avenue and which other Avenue?", "id": "56f96a6f9b226e1400dd141b", "answers": [{"text": "Claremont", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which neighborhood does La Salle Street run?", "id": "56f96a6f9b226e1400dd141c", "answers": [{"text": "West Harlem", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which street was swallowed up to make low income housing projects?", "id": "56f96a6f9b226e1400dd141d", "answers": [{"text": "125th Street", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which street is the only area left of the routing onto old Manhattan Avenue?", "id": "56f96a6f9b226e1400dd141e", "answers": [{"text": "La Salle Street", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "40\u00b048\u203247\u2033N 73\u00b057\u203227\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff40.813\u00b0N 73.9575\u00b0W\ufeff / 40.813; -73.9575 La Salle Street is a street in West Harlem that runs just two blocks between Amsterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue. West of Convent Avenue, 125th Street was re-routed onto the old Manhattan Avenue. The original 125th Street west of Convent Avenue was swallowed up to make the super-blocks where the low income housing projects now exist. La Salle Street is the only vestige of the original routing."}], ["40 \u00b0 48'52 \"N 73 \u00b0 56'53\" W / 40.814583 \u00b0 N 73.947944 \u00b0 W / 40.814583; -73.947944 132nd Street berjalan timur-barat di atas Central Park dan terletak di Harlem di selatan Hamilton Heights. Bahagian utama dari Jalan 132 berjalan kaki dari arah timur dari Frederick Douglass Boulevard ke hujung utara Park Avenue di mana terdapat jalan masuk ke selatan dari Harlem River Drive. Selepas gangguan dari St. Nicholas Park dan City College, terdapat satu lagi jalan kecil dari 132nd Street Barat antara Broadway dan Twelfth Avenue <> Terdapat peregangan kecil antara jalan antara Broadway dan Twelfth Avenue? || West 132nd Street <> Bahagian utama jalan apa yang menuju ke timur dari Frederick Douglass Boulevard ke Park Avenue? || 132nd Street <> Di mana Avenue adalah pintu masuk selatan dan masuk ke Harlem River Drive? || Park Avenue <> West 132nd Street terganggu oleh St. Nicholas Park dan mana kuliahnya? || City College <> West 132nd Street terganggu oleh City College dan taman mana? || Taman Nicholas", {"qas": [{"question": "There is a small stretch of what road between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue?", "id": "56f96cf39b226e1400dd142c", "answers": [{"text": "West 132nd Street", "answer_start": 463}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The main portion of what road runs eastbound from Frederick Douglass Boulevard to Park Avenue?", "id": "56f96cf39b226e1400dd142d", "answers": [{"text": "132nd Street", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what Avenue is a southbound exit and entrance to the Harlem River Drive?", "id": "56f96cf39b226e1400dd142e", "answers": [{"text": "Park Avenue", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "West 132nd Street is interrupted by St. Nicholas Park and which college?", "id": "56f96cf39b226e1400dd142f", "answers": [{"text": "City College", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "West 132nd Street is interrupted by City College and which park?", "id": "56f96cf39b226e1400dd1430", "answers": [{"text": "St. Nicholas Park", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "40\u00b048\u203252\u2033N 73\u00b056\u203253\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff40.814583\u00b0N 73.947944\u00b0W\ufeff / 40.814583; -73.947944 132nd Street runs east-west above Central Park and is located in Harlem just south of Hamilton Heights. The main portion of 132nd Street runs eastbound from Frederick Douglass Boulevard to northern end of Park Avenue where there is a southbound exit from/entrance to the Harlem River Drive. After an interruption from St. Nicholas Park and City College, there is another small stretch of West 132nd Street between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue"}], ["40 \u00b0 48'27 \"N 73 \u00b0 57'18\" W / 40.8076 \u00b0 N 73.9549 \u00b0 W / 40.8076; -73.9549 120th Street melintasi kejiranan Morningside Heights, Harlem, dan Spanish Harlem. Ia bermula di Riverside Drive di Pusat Interchurch. Ia kemudian berjalan ke timur antara kampus Barnard College dan Seminari Theological Union, kemudian melintasi Broadway dan berjalan antara kampus Columbia University dan College's Teacher. Jalan terganggu oleh Morningside Park. Ia kemudiannya terus ke timur, akhirnya berjalan di sepanjang tepi selatan Marcus Garvey Park, melalui 58 Barat, bekas kediaman Maya Angelou. Ia kemudian diteruskan melalui Spanish Harlem; apabila ia melintasi Pleasant Avenue ia menjadi jalan dua hala dan terus hampir ke Sungai Timur, di mana untuk kereta, ia menjadi utara dan menjadi Paladino Avenue, dan untuk pejalan kaki, terus sebagai jambatan di FDR Drive. <> Di mana jalan 120 Street bermula? || Riverside Drive <> The Interchurch Centre adalah permulaan jalan mana? || 120th Street <> Morningside Park mengganggu jalan mana? || 120th Street <> Siapa dahulunya tinggal di 58 Barat? || Maya Angelou <> 120th Street bertukar ke Paladino Avenue dan ke jambatan pejalan kaki di seberang jalan apa? || FDR Drive", {"qas": [{"question": "On which road does 120th Street begin?", "id": "56f94c019b226e1400dd12fe", "answers": [{"text": "Riverside Drive", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Interchurch Center is the start of which street?", "id": "56f94c019b226e1400dd12ff", "answers": [{"text": "120th Street", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Morningside Park interrupts which street?", "id": "56f94c019b226e1400dd1300", "answers": [{"text": "120th Street", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who formerly lived at 58 West?", "id": "56f94c019b226e1400dd1301", "answers": [{"text": "Maya Angelou", "answer_start": 589}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "120th Street turns into Paladino Avenue and into a pedestrian bridge across what road?", "id": "56f94c019b226e1400dd1302", "answers": [{"text": "FDR Drive", "answer_start": 862}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "40\u00b048\u203227\u2033N 73\u00b057\u203218\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff40.8076\u00b0N 73.9549\u00b0W\ufeff / 40.8076; -73.9549 120th Street traverses the neighborhoods of Morningside Heights, Harlem, and Spanish Harlem. It begins on Riverside Drive at the Interchurch Center. It then runs east between the campuses of Barnard College and the Union Theological Seminary, then crosses Broadway and runs between the campuses of Columbia University and Teacher's College. The street is interrupted by Morningside Park. It then continues east, eventually running along the southern edge of Marcus Garvey Park, passing by 58 West, the former residence of Maya Angelou. It then continues through Spanish Harlem; when it crosses Pleasant Avenue it becomes a two\u2011way street and continues nearly to the East River, where for automobiles, it turns north and becomes Paladino Avenue, and for pedestrians, continues as a bridge across FDR Drive."}], ["187th Street bersilang dengan, dari East to West, Laurel Hill Terrace, Avenue Avenue, Avenue Audubon, St. Nicholas Avenue, Wadsworth Avenue, Broadway, Bennett Avenue, Overlook Terrace, Fort Washington Avenue, Pinehurst Avenue, Cabrini Boulevard dan Chittenden Avenue. <> Yang mana persimpangan timur yang 187th Street ada? || Laurel Hill Terrace <> Yang mana persimpangan paling barat yang 187th Street? || Chittenden Avenue <> Wadsworth Avenue terpencil dengan jalan mana? || 187th Street", {"qas": [{"question": "Which is the eastmost intersection that 187th Street has?", "id": "56f978189e9bad19000a0981", "answers": [{"text": "Laurel Hill Terrace", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which is the westernmost intersection that 187th Street has?", "id": "56f978189e9bad19000a0982", "answers": [{"text": "Chittenden Avenue", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Wadsworth Avenue is intersected by what street?", "id": "56f978189e9bad19000a0983", "answers": [{"text": "187th Street", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "187th Street intersects with, from East to West, Laurel Hill Terrace, Amsterdam Avenue, Audubon Avenue, St. Nicholas Avenue, Wadsworth Avenue, Broadway, Bennett Avenue, Overlook Terrace, Fort Washington Avenue, Pinehurst Avenue, Cabrini Boulevard and Chittenden Avenue."}], ["West Fort Washington Avenue, 181st Street adalah sebahagian besarnya perumahan, bersempadan dengan Hudson Heights dan memiliki beberapa kedai untuk melayani penduduk setempat. Timur Fort Washington Avenue, jalan menjadi semakin komersial, menjadi didominasi sepenuhnya oleh kedai-kedai runcit di mana jalan itu mencapai Broadway dan terus seperti itu sampai ke Sungai Harlem. Ia adalah daerah membeli-belah utama di kawasan itu. <> Di manakah arah 181st Street sebahagian besarnya kediaman? || Barat <> Di manakah arah 181st Street kebanyakannya komersial? || Timur <> Jalan mana yang menandakan sempadan barat tempat membeli-belah? || Fort Washington Avenue <Sungai yang mana menyentuh kawasan membeli-belah utama berhampiran 181st Street? || Harlem", {"qas": [{"question": "In which direction is 181st Street largely residential?", "id": "56f972499b226e1400dd1466", "answers": [{"text": "West", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which direction is 181st Street mostly commercial?", "id": "56f972499b226e1400dd1467", "answers": [{"text": "East", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which street marks the western boundary of the shopping distrit?", "id": "56f972499b226e1400dd1468", "answers": [{"text": "Fort Washington Avenue", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which river touches the major shopping district near 181st Street?", "id": "56f972499b226e1400dd1469", "answers": [{"text": "Harlem", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "West of Fort Washington Avenue, 181st Street is largely residential, bordering Hudson Heights and having a few shops to serve the local residents. East of Fort Washington Avenue, the street becomes increasingly commercial, becoming dominated entirely by retail stores where the street reaches Broadway and continues as such until reaching the Harlem River. It is the area's major shopping district."}], ["Banyak institusi di Jalan 187 termasuk Pusat Yahudi Mount Sinai, Dombrov Shtiebel, dan kampus di Universiti Yeshiva. Sekolah rendah awam setempat P.S. 187 terletak di Cabrini Boulevard, di utara 187th Street yang eponim <> Sekolah mana yang terletak di Cabrini Boulevard? || P.S. 187 <> Di jalan mana yang Dombrov Shtiebel? || 187th Street <> Universiti mana yang mempunyai kampus di 187th Street? || Yeshiva University <> Cabrini Boulevard terletak di sebelah utara jalan apa? || 187th Street <> Di jalan apakah Pusat Yahudi Gunung Sinai? || 187th Street", {"qas": [{"question": "Which school is located on Cabrini Boulevard?", "id": "56f978fb9b226e1400dd1484", "answers": [{"text": "P.S. 187", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what street is the Dombrov Shtiebel?", "id": "56f978fb9b226e1400dd1485", "answers": [{"text": "187th Street", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which University has a campus on 187th Street?", "id": "56f978fb9b226e1400dd1486", "answers": [{"text": "Yeshiva University", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Cabrini Boulevard is just north of what street?", "id": "56f978fb9b226e1400dd1487", "answers": [{"text": "187th Street", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what street is the Mount Sinai Jewish Center?", "id": "56f978fb9b226e1400dd1488", "answers": [{"text": "187th Street", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The many institutions on 187th Street include Mount Sinai Jewish Center, the Dombrov Shtiebel, and the uptown campus of Yeshiva University. The local public elementary school P.S. 187 is located on Cabrini Boulevard, just north of the eponymous 187th Street "}], ["Depot Bas Manhattanville (dahulunya dikenali sebagai Depot Bus 132 di Jalan Raya) terletak di 132 dan 133 Jalan Barat di antara Broadway dan Riverside Drive di kejiranan Manhattanville. <> Berapakah Depot Bas 132nd Street yang kini dikenali sebagai? || Depot Bas Manhattanville <> Apakah Depot Bas Manhattanville yang dahulunya dikenali sebagai? || Depot Bas 132th Street <> Di mana kejiranan adalah Depot Bas Manhattanville? || Manhattanville <> Bekas Depot Bas 132 yang lama terletak di antara Broadway dan apa lagi memandu di kejiranan Manhattanville? || Riverside Drive", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the 132nd Street Bus Depot currently known as?", "id": "56f96ea89e9bad19000a08f9", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattanville Bus Depot", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Manhattanville Bus Depot formerly known as?", "id": "56f96ea89e9bad19000a08fa", "answers": [{"text": "132nd Street Bus Depot", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which neighborhood is the Manhattanville Bus Depot?", "id": "56f96ea89e9bad19000a08fb", "answers": [{"text": "Manhattanville", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The former 132nd Street Bus Depot is located between Broadway and what other drive in the Manhattanville neighborhood?", "id": "56f96ea89e9bad19000a08fc", "answers": [{"text": "Riverside Drive", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Manhattanville Bus Depot (formerly known as the 132nd Street Bus Depot) is located on West 132nd and 133rd Street between Broadway and Riverside Drive in the Manhattanville neighborhood."}], ["181St Street adalah jalan utama yang berjalan melalui kejiranan Washington Heights. Ia beroperasi dari Jambatan Washington di timur, ke Henry Hudson Parkway di barat, berhampiran George Washington Bridge dan Sungai Hudson. Akhir barat dipanggil Plaza Lafayette. <> 181st Street berjalan melalui kejiranan apa? || Washington Heights <> Apa akhir hujung 181st Street dipanggil? || Plaza Lafayette <> Adakah Plaza Lafayette merujuk ke hujung timur atau barat 181st Street? || barat <> Sungai yang mana jalan 181st Street yang berhampiran? || Sungai Hudson <> Jalan mana yang berjalan dari Jambatan Washington ke Henry Hudson Parkway? || 181st Street", {"qas": [{"question": "181st Street runs through what neighborhood?", "id": "56f970b39e9bad19000a0919", "answers": [{"text": "Washington Heights", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the west end of 181st Street called?", "id": "56f970b39e9bad19000a091a", "answers": [{"text": "Plaza Lafayette", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does Plaza Lafayette refer to the east or west end of 181st Street?", "id": "56f970b39e9bad19000a091b", "answers": [{"text": "west", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which river does 181st Street run near?", "id": "56f970b39e9bad19000a091c", "answers": [{"text": "Hudson River", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which road runs from the Washington Bridge to the Henry Hudson Parkway?", "id": "56f970b39e9bad19000a091d", "answers": [{"text": "181st Street", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "181st Street is a major thoroughfare running through the Washington Heights neighborhood. It runs from the Washington Bridge in the east, to the Henry Hudson Parkway in the west, near the George Washington Bridge and the Hudson River. The west end is called Plaza Lafayette."}], ["181st Street dihidangkan oleh dua garisan bawah tanah New York City; terdapat stesen 181st Street di Fort Washington Avenue di IND Eighth Avenue Line (kereta api) dan stesen 181st St Street di St. Nicholas Avenue di IRT Broadway - Seventh Avenue Line (1 kereta api). Stesen-stesen ini adalah kira-kira 500 meter (550 yd) antara satu sama lain dan tidak disambungkan. Terminal Bas George George Bridge adalah beberapa blok di selatan di Fort Washington Avenue. 181st Street juga merupakan penghujung selatan / barat di New York di Lebuhraya Trans-Manhattan (I-95), sebelum melintasi Jambatan George Washington ke New Jersey. <> Berapa banyak saluran kereta bawah tanah yang melayan 181st Street? || dua <> Berapa meter apart ialah stesen kereta bawah tanah 181st Street? || 500 <> Di mana saluran adalah Terminal Bas Jambatan George Wasington? || Fort Washington Avenue <Jalan manakah jalan keluar / selatan barat Trans-Manhattan Expressway? || 181st Street", {"qas": [{"question": "How many subway lines serve 181st Street?", "id": "56f9760b9e9bad19000a0953", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many metres apart are 181st Street's two subway stations?", "id": "56f9760b9e9bad19000a0954", "answers": [{"text": "500", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what avenue is the George Wasington Bridge Bus Terminal?", "id": "56f9760b9e9bad19000a0955", "answers": [{"text": "Fort Washington Avenue", "answer_start": 416}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which road is the Trans-Manhattan Expressway's last south/west exit?", "id": "56f9760b9e9bad19000a0956", "answers": [{"text": "181st Street", "answer_start": 440}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "181st Street is served by two New York City Subway lines; there is a 181st Street station at Fort Washington Avenue on the IND Eighth Avenue Line (A trains) and a 181st Street station at St. Nicholas Avenue on the IRT Broadway \u2013 Seventh Avenue Line (1 trains). The stations are about 500 metres (550 yd) from each other and are not connected. The George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal is a couple of blocks south on Fort Washington Avenue. 181st Street is also the last south/west exit in New York on the Trans-Manhattan Expressway (I-95), just before crossing the George Washington Bridge to New Jersey."}], ["187th Street melintasi Washington Heights dan berlari dari Laurel Hill Terrace di timur ke Chittenden Avenue di barat berhampiran George Washington Bridge dan Hudson River. Jalan ini terganggu oleh satu set tangga panjang timur Fort Washington Avenue menuju ke lembah Broadway. Barat di sana, ia kebanyakannya dipenuhi dengan kawasan kedai dan berfungsi sebagai daerah membeli-belah utama untuk kejiranan Hudson Heights. <> 187th Street berjalan dari Laurel Hill Terrace di timur ke mana jalan di barat? || Chittenden Avenue <> Apakah 187th Street terganggu oleh? || tangga <> Di mana tangga mengganggu jalan 187 ke? || Lembah Broadway <> Kawasan 187th Street berfungsi sebagai daerah membeli-belah utama yang kejiranannya? || Hudson Heights", {"qas": [{"question": "187th Street runs from Laurel Hill Terrace in the east to which avenue in the west?", "id": "56f977969e9bad19000a0973", "answers": [{"text": "Chittenden Avenue", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is 187th Street interrupted by?", "id": "56f977969e9bad19000a0974", "answers": [{"text": "stairs", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do the stairs interrupting 187th street lead to?", "id": "56f977969e9bad19000a0975", "answers": [{"text": "Broadway valley", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "An area of 187th Street serves as the main shopping district for which neighborhood?", "id": "56f977969e9bad19000a0976", "answers": [{"text": "Hudson Heights", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "187th Street crosses Washington Heights and running from Laurel Hill Terrace in the east to Chittenden Avenue in the west near the George Washington Bridge and Hudson River. The street is interrupted by a long set of stairs east of Fort Washington Avenue leading to the Broadway valley. West of there, it is mostly lined with store fronts and serves as a main shopping district for the Hudson Heights neighborhood."}], ["155th Street adalah jalan utama crosstown yang dianggap membentuk sempadan antara Harlem dan Washington Heights. Ia adalah paling utara dari 155 jalan salib yang dipetakan dalam Rancangan Pesuruhjaya 1811 yang membentuk grid jalan bernombor di Manhattan. <> Berapa banyak jalan crosstown dipetakan dalam Rancangan Pesuruhjaya 1811? || 155 <> Jalan manakah jalan paling utara di peta Rancangan Pesuruhjaya 1811? || Street 155 Jalan mana yang membentuk sempadan antara Harlem dan Washington Heights? || 155th Street <> Dokumen apa yang menubuhkan grid jalan bernombor Manhattan? || Rancangan Pesuruhjaya 1811 <> 155th Street membentuk sempadan antara Harlem dan apa kejiranan lain? || Washington Heights", {"qas": [{"question": "How many crosstown streets are mapped in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811?", "id": "56f96f4f9b226e1400dd1440", "answers": [{"text": "155", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which street is the northernmost of the streets mapped in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811?", "id": "56f96f4f9b226e1400dd1441", "answers": [{"text": "155th Street", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which street forms the boundary between Harlem and Washington Heights?", "id": "56f96f4f9b226e1400dd1442", "answers": [{"text": "155th Street", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What document established Manhattan's numbered street grid?", "id": "56f96f4f9b226e1400dd1443", "answers": [{"text": "Commissioner's Plan of 1811", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "155th Street forms the boundary between Harlem and what other neighborhood?", "id": "56f96f4f9b226e1400dd1444", "answers": [{"text": "Washington Heights", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "155th Street is a major crosstown street considered to form the boundary between Harlem and Washington Heights. It is the northernmost of the 155 crosstown streets mapped out in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811 that established the numbered street grid in Manhattan."}], ["155th Street bermula di West Side di Riverside Drive, menyeberangi Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue dan St. Nicholas Avenue. Di St. Nicholas Place, medan itu turun dengan curam, dan 155th Street dijalankan pada laluan panjang sepanjang 1,600 kaki (490 m), sebuah Landmark Bandar yang dibina pada tahun 1893, yang meluncur menuju Sungai Harlem, terus ke Jambatan Dam Macombs , menyeberang (tetapi tidak berpotongan dengan) Harlem River Drive. Bahagian yang berasingan dan tidak tersambung di Jalan 155 berjalan di bawah jambatan, menghubungkan Bradhurst Avenue dan Harlem River Drive. <> Di manakah permulaan 155th Street? || Riverside Drive <> 155th Street melintasi Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue, dan apa lagi Avenue? || St. Nicholas <> Berapa meter panjang adalah jejambat yang melancarkan Jalan 155? || 490 <> Pada tahun apakah jejambat sepanjang 155th Street? || 1893 <> Seksyen 155 Street menghubungkan Harlem River Drive dan apa Avenue? || Bradhurst", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does 155th Street start?", "id": "56f970229e9bad19000a090f", "answers": [{"text": "Riverside Drive", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "155th Street crosses Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue, and what other Avenue?", "id": "56f970229e9bad19000a0910", "answers": [{"text": "St. Nicholas", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many meters long is the viaduct on which 155th Street travels?", "id": "56f970229e9bad19000a0911", "answers": [{"text": "490", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the viaduct along 155th Street constructed?", "id": "56f970229e9bad19000a0912", "answers": [{"text": "1893", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A section of 155th Street connects Harlem River Drive and what Avenue?", "id": "56f970229e9bad19000a0913", "answers": [{"text": "Bradhurst", "answer_start": 507}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "155th Street starts on the West Side at Riverside Drive, crossing Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue and St. Nicholas Avenue. At St. Nicholas Place, the terrain drops off steeply, and 155th Street is carried on a 1,600-foot (490 m) long viaduct, a City Landmark constructed in 1893, that slopes down towards the Harlem River, continuing onto the Macombs Dam Bridge, crossing over (but not intersecting with) the Harlem River Drive. A separate, unconnected section of 155th Street runs under the viaduct, connecting Bradhurst Avenue and the Harlem River Drive."}], ["Taman Komuniti 132nd Street terletak di Jalan 132 di antara Adam Clayton Powell Jr Boulevard dan Malcolm X Boulevard. Pada tahun 1997, lot menerima makeover taman; Pejabat Presiden Borough membiayai pemasangan sistem pengagihan air $ 100,000 yang memelihara pelbagai jenis pokok hijau. Taman ini juga memegang kolam ikan emas dan beberapa bangku. Semangat kejiranan tinggal di taman-taman seperti ini, ditanam dan dipelihara oleh penduduk setempat. <> Siapa yang menjaga Taman Komuniti Jalan ke-132? || penduduk tempatan <> Taman Komuniti 132nd Street terletak di antara Malcom X Boulevard dan apa lagi Boulevard? || Adam Clayton Powell Jr. <> Di mana tahun taman itu mendapat makover dengan sistem pengedaran air? || 1997 <> Siapa yang membiayai sistem pengedaran air di Taman Komuniti 132nd Street? || Pejabat Presiden Borough <> Berapa kos sistem pengedaran air Komuniti 132nd Street? || $ 100,000", {"qas": [{"question": "Who takes care of the 132nd Street Community Garden?", "id": "56f96df19b226e1400dd1436", "answers": [{"text": "local residents", "answer_start": 456}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The 132nd Street Community Garden is located between Malcom X Boulevard and what other Boulevard?", "id": "56f96df19b226e1400dd1437", "answers": [{"text": "Adam Clayton Powell Jr.", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which year did the garden receive a makover with a water distribution system?", "id": "56f96df19b226e1400dd1438", "answers": [{"text": "1997", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who funded the 132nd Street Community Garden's water distribution system?", "id": "56f96df19b226e1400dd1439", "answers": [{"text": "Borough President's office", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did the 132nd Street Community Garden's water distribution system cost?", "id": "56f96df19b226e1400dd143a", "answers": [{"text": "$100,000", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The 132nd Street Community Garden is located on 132nd Street between Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard and Malcolm X Boulevard. In 1997, the lot received a garden makeover; the Borough President's office funded the installation of a $100,000 water distribution system that keeps the wide variety of trees green. The garden also holds a goldfish pond and several benches. The spirit of the neighborhood lives in gardens like this one, planted and tended by local residents."}]], [["Bentuk dan saiz otak berbeza-beza dalam spesies yang berlainan, dan mengenal pasti ciri-ciri biasa sering sukar. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat beberapa prinsip seni bina otak yang digunakan dalam pelbagai spesies. Sesetengah aspek struktur otak adalah perkara biasa kepada hampir seluruh spesies haiwan; yang lain membezakan otak \"maju\" daripada yang lebih primitif, atau membezakan vertebrata dari invertebrata. <> Haiwan tanpa tulang belakang dipanggil apa? || invertebrata", {"qas": [{"question": "Animals without a spine are called what?", "id": "56f8bbf99e9bad19000a03e5", "answers": [{"text": "invertebrates", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The shape and size of the brain varies greatly in different species, and identifying common features is often difficult. Nevertheless, there are a number of principles of brain architecture that apply across a wide range of species. Some aspects of brain structure are common to almost the entire range of animal species; others distinguish \"advanced\" brains from more primitive ones, or distinguish vertebrates from invertebrates."}], ["Axons menghantar isyarat kepada neuron lain melalui persimpangan khusus yang dipanggil synapses. Akson tunggal boleh membuat beberapa ribu sambungan sinaptik dengan sel-sel lain. Apabila potensi tindakan, berjalan di sepanjang akson, tiba di sinaps, ia menyebabkan bahan kimia yang dipanggil neurotransmitter dikeluarkan. Neurotransmitter mengikat kepada molekul reseptor dalam membran sel sasaran. <> Axons menghantar isyarat kepada neuron lain oleh persimpangan yang dikenali sebagai apa? || sinapsis <> Neurotransmitter mengikat apa sel sasaran? || molekul reseptor <> Akson boleh menyambung kepada berapa banyak sel lain? || beberapa ribu", {"qas": [{"question": "Axons send signals to other neurons by junctions known as what?", "id": "56f8bead9e9bad19000a040a", "answers": [{"text": "synapses", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The neurotansmitter binds to what of a target cell?", "id": "56f8bead9e9bad19000a040b", "answers": [{"text": "receptor molecules", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "An axon can connect to how many other cells?", "id": "56f8bead9e9bad19000a040c", "answers": [{"text": "several thousand", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Axons transmit signals to other neurons by means of specialized junctions called synapses. A single axon may make as many as several thousand synaptic connections with other cells. When an action potential, traveling along an axon, arrives at a synapse, it causes a chemical called a neurotransmitter to be released. The neurotransmitter binds to receptor molecules in the membrane of the target cell."}], ["Operasi sel-sel otak individu kini difahami dengan terperinci tetapi cara mereka bekerjasama dalam kumpulan berjuta-juta masih belum dapat diselesaikan. Model baru-baru ini dalam neurosains moden merawat otak sebagai komputer biologi, sangat berbeza dalam mekanisme dari komputer elektronik, tetapi sama seperti dalam erti kata ia memperoleh maklumat dari dunia sekeliling, menyimpannya, dan memprosesnya dalam pelbagai cara, analogi dengan unit pemprosesan pusat (CPU) dalam komputer. <> Mana bahagian komputer yang paling menyerupai otak? || unit pemprosesan pusat (CPU)", {"qas": [{"question": "Which part of a computer does the brain most resemble?", "id": "56f8bb559e9bad19000a03d9", "answers": [{"text": "central processing unit (CPU)", "answer_start": 441}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The operations of individual brain cells are now understood in considerable detail but the way they cooperate in ensembles of millions is yet to be solved. Recent models in modern neuroscience treat the brain as a biological computer, very different in mechanism from an electronic computer, but similar in the sense that it acquires information from the surrounding world, stores it, and processes it in a variety of ways, analogous to the central processing unit (CPU) in a computer."}], ["Kebanyakan ruang di dalam otak diambil oleh akson, yang sering digabungkan bersama dalam apa yang disebut saluran serat saraf. Akson myelinated dibalut dengan sarung pengikat lemak myelin, yang berfungsi untuk meningkatkan kelajuan penyebaran isyarat. (Terdapat juga axons unmyelinated). Myelin berwarna putih, menjadikan bahagian-bahagian otak diisi secara eksklusif dengan serat saraf muncul sebagai bahan putih berwarna terang, berbeza dengan bahan abu-abu berwarna gelap yang menandakan kawasan dengan kepadatan tinggi badan sel neuron. <> Axons dikelompokkan bersama dikenali sebagai apa? || saluran serat saraf <> Suatu axon yang boleh meningkatkan kelajuan isyarat yang dibungkus dalam apa? || sarung myelin <> Myelin adalah apa warna di dalam otak? || putih <> Kebanyakan ruang di dalam otak terdiri daripada struktur apa? || axons <> Grey matter of otak terdiri daripada banyak apa? || badan sel neuron", {"qas": [{"question": "Axons grouped together are known as what?", "id": "56f8bfeb9b226e1400dd0f23", "answers": [{"text": "nerve fiber tracts", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "An axon that can greatly increase speed of signals is wrapped in what?", "id": "56f8bfeb9b226e1400dd0f24", "answers": [{"text": "sheath of myelin", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Myelin is what color in the brain?", "id": "56f8bfeb9b226e1400dd0f25", "answers": [{"text": "white", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Most of the space in the brain is made up of what structures?", "id": "56f8bfeb9b226e1400dd0f26", "answers": [{"text": "axons", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Grey matter of the brain consist of lots of what?", "id": "56f8bfeb9b226e1400dd0f27", "answers": [{"text": "neuron cell bodies", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Most of the space in the brain is taken up by axons, which are often bundled together in what are called nerve fiber tracts. A myelinated axon is wrapped in a fatty insulating sheath of myelin, which serves to greatly increase the speed of signal propagation. (There are also unmyelinated axons). Myelin is white, making parts of the brain filled exclusively with nerve fibers appear as light-colored white matter, in contrast to the darker-colored grey matter that marks areas with high densities of neuron cell bodies."}], ["Artikel ini membandingkan sifat otak di seluruh julat spesies haiwan, dengan perhatian yang paling besar kepada vertebrata. Ia berkaitan dengan otak manusia sepanjang ia berkongsi sifat otak lain. Cara-cara di mana otak manusia berbeza dari otak lain yang tertutup dalam artikel otak manusia. Beberapa topik yang mungkin dibincangkan di sini adalah tertutup di sana kerana lebih banyak boleh dikatakan tentangnya dalam konteks manusia. Yang paling penting adalah penyakit otak dan kesan kerosakan otak, yang tertutup dalam artikel otak manusia kerana penyakit yang paling umum dari otak manusia sama ada tidak muncul dalam spesies lain, atau lain-lain nyata dengan cara yang berbeza. <> Haiwan dengan tulang belakang dipanggil apa? || vertebrata", {"qas": [{"question": "Animals with a spine are called what?", "id": "56f8bbc59b226e1400dd0ecf", "answers": [{"text": "vertebrates", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "This article compares the properties of brains across the entire range of animal species, with the greatest attention to vertebrates. It deals with the human brain insofar as it shares the properties of other brains. The ways in which the human brain differs from other brains are covered in the human brain article. Several topics that might be covered here are instead covered there because much more can be said about them in a human context. The most important is brain disease and the effects of brain damage, covered in the human brain article because the most common diseases of the human brain either do not show up in other species, or else manifest themselves in different ways."}], ["Secara fisiologi, fungsi otak adalah untuk mengendalikan kawalan berpusat ke atas organ-organ lain badan. Otak bertindak pada seluruh tubuh kedua-duanya dengan menghasilkan pola aktiviti otot dan dengan memacu sekresi bahan kimia yang disebut hormon. Kawalan berpusat ini membolehkan tindak balas yang pantas dan diselaraskan terhadap perubahan dalam persekitaran. Sesetengah jenis tindak balas asas seperti refleks boleh diawasi oleh saraf tunjang atau ganglia periferal, tetapi kawalan tingkah laku yang canggih berdasarkan kelakuan sensitif kompleks memerlukan maklumat mengintegrasikan keupayaan otak terpusat. <> Hormon yang dirembes didorong oleh apa organ dalam tubuh? || Otak <> Apakah jenis respons yang boleh digunakan tanpa otak? || Refleks <> Refleks hanya memerlukan salah satu daripada apa dua struktur dalam badan? || saraf tunjang atau ganglia periferal", {"qas": [{"question": "Hormones secreted are driven by what organ in the body?", "id": "56f8b9089e9bad19000a03af", "answers": [{"text": "The brain", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of responsiveness can be used without a brain?", "id": "56f8b9089e9bad19000a03b0", "answers": [{"text": "reflexes", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Reflexes only require one of what two structures in a body?", "id": "56f8b9089e9bad19000a03b1", "answers": [{"text": "spinal cord or peripheral ganglia", "answer_start": 425}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Physiologically, the function of the brain is to exert centralized control over the other organs of the body. The brain acts on the rest of the body both by generating patterns of muscle activity and by driving the secretion of chemicals called hormones. This centralized control allows rapid and coordinated responses to changes in the environment. Some basic types of responsiveness such as reflexes can be mediated by the spinal cord or peripheral ganglia, but sophisticated purposeful control of behavior based on complex sensory input requires the information integrating capabilities of a centralized brain."}], ["Sinapsis adalah elemen fungsi utama otak. Fungsi penting otak adalah komunikasi sel ke sel, dan sinapsinya adalah titik di mana komunikasi terjadi. Otak manusia telah dianggarkan mengandungi kira-kira 100 trilion sinapsis; bahkan otak lalat buah mengandungi beberapa juta. Fungsi sinapsinya sangat pelbagai: ada yang bersemangat (menarik sel sasaran); yang lain adalah hambatan; yang lain bekerja dengan mengaktifkan sistem messenger kedua yang mengubah kimia dalaman sel target mereka dengan cara yang kompleks. Sebilangan besar sinapsis dinamik secara modif; iaitu, mereka mampu mengubah kekuatan dengan cara yang dikawal oleh corak isyarat yang melaluinya. Ia dipercayai secara meluas bahawa pengubahsuaian aktiviti yang bergantung kepada sinapsinya adalah mekanisme utama otak untuk pembelajaran dan ingatan. <> Berapa banyak sinapsinya yang dikatakan oleh otak manusia? || 100 trilion sinapsis; <> Lalat buah mempunyai otak yang mempunyai banyak sinapsis? || beberapa juta <> Sinapsis yang tujuannya untuk merangsang sel sasaran dipanggil apa? || kegembiraan <> Tugas utama otak adalah apa? || komunikasi sel-ke-sel", {"qas": [{"question": "How many synapses does the human brain supposedly contain?", "id": "56f8bf579b226e1400dd0f1b", "answers": [{"text": "100 trillion synapses;", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The fruit fly has a brain that has how many synapses?", "id": "56f8bf579b226e1400dd0f1c", "answers": [{"text": "several million", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A synapse whose purpose is to excite the target cell are called what?", "id": "56f8bf579b226e1400dd0f1d", "answers": [{"text": "excitatory", "answer_start": 379}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The primary job of the brain is what?", "id": "56f8bf579b226e1400dd0f1e", "answers": [{"text": "cell-to-cell communication", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Synapses are the key functional elements of the brain. The essential function of the brain is cell-to-cell communication, and synapses are the points at which communication occurs. The human brain has been estimated to contain approximately 100 trillion synapses; even the brain of a fruit fly contains several million. The functions of these synapses are very diverse: some are excitatory (exciting the target cell); others are inhibitory; others work by activating second messenger systems that change the internal chemistry of their target cells in complex ways. A large number of synapses are dynamically modifiable; that is, they are capable of changing strength in a way that is controlled by the patterns of signals that pass through them. It is widely believed that activity-dependent modification of synapses is the brain's primary mechanism for learning and memory."}], ["Cara paling mudah untuk mendapatkan maklumat tentang anatomi otak adalah dengan pemeriksaan visual, tetapi teknik yang lebih canggih telah dikembangkan. Tisu otak dalam keadaan semulajadi adalah terlalu lembut untuk bekerja dengan, tetapi ia boleh dikeraskan dengan rendaman dalam alkohol atau fiksatif lain, dan kemudian dihiris selain untuk pemeriksaan pedalaman. Secara visual, bahagian dalam otak terdiri daripada kawasan yang dipanggil bahan abu-abu, dengan warna gelap, dipisahkan oleh kawasan bahan putih, dengan warna yang lebih ringan. Maklumat lanjut boleh diperolehi dengan mengotorkan hirisan tisu otak dengan pelbagai bahan kimia yang membawa keluar kawasan di mana terdapat jenis molekul khusus dalam kepekatan tinggi. Ia juga mungkin untuk mengkaji mikrostruktur tisu otak menggunakan mikroskop, dan untuk mengesan corak sambungan dari satu kawasan otak ke yang lain. <> Cara paling mudah untuk belajar tentang anatomi otak adalah dengan apa? || Pemeriksaan visual <> Tisu otak secara semulajadi lembut, tetapi boleh menjadi kaku dengan cecair apa? || alkohol <> Dua bidang utama otak adalah warna apa? || bahan abu-abu, dengan warna gelap, dipisahkan oleh kawasan bahan putih <> Alat apa yang boleh anda gunakan untuk memeriksa mikrostruktur otak? || mikroskop <> Perkara kelabu otak adalah warna apa? || warna gelap", {"qas": [{"question": "The easiest way to learn about brain anatomy is by what?", "id": "56f8bd499e9bad19000a03ec", "answers": [{"text": "visual inspection", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Brain tissue is naturally soft, but can be stiffened with what liquid?", "id": "56f8bd499e9bad19000a03ed", "answers": [{"text": "alcohol", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The two main areas of the brain are what colors?", "id": "56f8bd499e9bad19000a03ee", "answers": [{"text": "grey matter, with a dark color, separated by areas of white matter", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What instrument can you use to examine the microstructure of the brain?", "id": "56f8bd499e9bad19000a03ef", "answers": [{"text": "microscope", "answer_start": 743}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Grey matter of the brain is what color?", "id": "56f8bd499e9bad19000a03f0", "answers": [{"text": "dark color", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The simplest way to gain information about brain anatomy is by visual inspection, but many more sophisticated techniques have been developed. Brain tissue in its natural state is too soft to work with, but it can be hardened by immersion in alcohol or other fixatives, and then sliced apart for examination of the interior. Visually, the interior of the brain consists of areas of so-called grey matter, with a dark color, separated by areas of white matter, with a lighter color. Further information can be gained by staining slices of brain tissue with a variety of chemicals that bring out areas where specific types of molecules are present in high concentrations. It is also possible to examine the microstructure of brain tissue using a microscope, and to trace the pattern of connections from one brain area to another."}], ["Otak adalah organ yang berfungsi sebagai pusat sistem saraf pada semua vertebrata dan haiwan invertebrat yang paling. Hanya beberapa invertebrat seperti spons, ubur-ubur, squirts laut dewasa dan starfish tidak mempunyai otak; Sebaliknya, saraf nadi yang diselaraskan atau setempat hadir. Otak terletak di kepala, biasanya dekat dengan organ deria utama untuk indra seperti penglihatan, pendengaran, keseimbangan, rasa, dan bau. Otak adalah organ yang paling kompleks dalam tubuh vertebrata. Dalam manusia tipikal, korteks serebrum (bahagian terbesar) dianggarkan mengandungi 15-33 bilion neuron, masing-masing disambungkan dengan sinaps kepada beberapa ribu neuron lain. Neuron ini berkomunikasi dengan satu sama lain dengan menggunakan serat protoplasmik panjang yang dipanggil akson, yang membawa kereta denyutan isyarat yang disebut potensi tindakan ke bahagian jauh otak atau badan yang menyasarkan sel penerima tertentu. <> Apakah pusat sistem saraf dalam semua makhluk? || Otak <> Apakah organ yang paling kompleks dalam tubuh haiwan? || Otak <> Pada orang, berapa banyak neuron membentuk korteks serebrum? || 15-33 bilion <> Neuron di dalam otak berinteraksi satu sama lain oleh gentian yang dipanggil apa? || axons <> Beberapa haiwan tanpa duri yang tidak mempunyai otak apa? || spons, ubur-ubur, squirt laut dewasa", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the center of the nervous system in all creatures?", "id": "56f8b80e9e9bad19000a039d", "answers": [{"text": "The brain", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the most complex organ in an animal's body?", "id": "56f8b80e9e9bad19000a039e", "answers": [{"text": "The brain", "answer_start": 418}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In people, how many neurons make up the cerebral cortex?", "id": "56f8b80e9e9bad19000a039f", "answers": [{"text": "15\u201333 billion", "answer_start": 561}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Neurons in the brain interact with each other by fibers called what?", "id": "56f8b80e9e9bad19000a03a0", "answers": [{"text": "axons", "answer_start": 733}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A few animals without spines that do not have a brain are what?", "id": "56f8b80e9e9bad19000a03a1", "answers": [{"text": "sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually close to the primary sensory organs for such senses as vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell. The brain is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body. In a typical human, the cerebral cortex (the largest part) is estimated to contain 15\u201333 billion neurons, each connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons. These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells."}], ["Otak semua spesies terdiri daripada dua kelas sel yang luas: neuron dan sel glial. Sel-sel glial (juga dikenali sebagai glia atau neuroglia) datang dalam beberapa jenis, dan melaksanakan beberapa fungsi kritikal, termasuk sokongan struktur, sokongan metabolik, penebat, dan panduan pembangunan. Neuron biasanya dianggap sebagai sel yang paling penting di dalam otak. Harta yang membuat neuron unik adalah keupayaan mereka untuk menghantar isyarat ke sel sasaran tertentu dalam jarak jauh. Mereka menghantar isyarat ini dengan cara akson, yang merupakan serat protoplasmik nipis yang meluas dari badan sel dan projek, biasanya dengan pelbagai cawangan, ke kawasan lain, kadang-kadang berdekatan, kadang-kadang di bahagian jauh otak atau badan. Panjang axon boleh menjadi luar biasa: contohnya, jika sel piramida (neuron excitatory) dari korteks serebrum diperbesarkan supaya badan sel menjadi saiz badan manusia, aksonnya, sama diperbesar, akan menjadi kabel berdiameter beberapa sentimeter, memanjangkan lebih daripada satu kilometer. Aksons ini menghantar isyarat dalam bentuk denyut elektrokimia yang disebut potensi tindakan, yang terakhir kurang dari seperseribu detik dan perjalanan bersama akson pada kelajuan 1-100 meter sesaat. Sesetengah neuron memancarkan potensi tindakan secara berterusan, pada kadar 10-100 sesaat, biasanya dalam corak yang tidak teratur; neuron lain adalah tenang sepanjang masa, tetapi kadang-kadang memancarkan potensi tindakan. <> Otak organisma kebanyakan terdiri daripada dua kelas sel? || sel-sel neuron dan glial <> Sel glial juga dirujuk sebagai apa? || glia atau neuroglia <> Antara kedua-dua kelas sel: neuron dan sel glial menghantar isyarat kepada sel lain? || neurons <> Axons menghantar isyarat yang dinamakan apa? || potensi tindakan <> Apakah kelajuan biasa yang aksons menghantar isyarat elektrik mereka? || 1-100 meter sesaat", {"qas": [{"question": "Brains of organisms are made up mostly of what two classes of cells?", "id": "56f8be139e9bad19000a0400", "answers": [{"text": "neurons and glial cells", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Glial cells are also referred to as what?", "id": "56f8be139e9bad19000a0401", "answers": [{"text": "glia or neuroglia", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of the two broad classes of cells: neurons and glial cells send signals to other cells?", "id": "56f8be139e9bad19000a0402", "answers": [{"text": "neurons", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Axons send signals that are named what?", "id": "56f8be139e9bad19000a0403", "answers": [{"text": "action potentials", "answer_start": 1129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the typical speed that axons send their electrical signals?", "id": "56f8be139e9bad19000a0404", "answers": [{"text": "1\u2013100 meters per second", "answer_start": 1233}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The brains of all species are composed primarily of two broad classes of cells: neurons and glial cells. Glial cells (also known as glia or neuroglia) come in several types, and perform a number of critical functions, including structural support, metabolic support, insulation, and guidance of development. Neurons, however, are usually considered the most important cells in the brain. The property that makes neurons unique is their ability to send signals to specific target cells over long distances. They send these signals by means of an axon, which is a thin protoplasmic fiber that extends from the cell body and projects, usually with numerous branches, to other areas, sometimes nearby, sometimes in distant parts of the brain or body. The length of an axon can be extraordinary: for example, if a pyramidal cell, (an excitatory neuron) of the cerebral cortex were magnified so that its cell body became the size of a human body, its axon, equally magnified, would become a cable a few centimeters in diameter, extending more than a kilometer. These axons transmit signals in the form of electrochemical pulses called action potentials, which last less than a thousandth of a second and travel along the axon at speeds of 1\u2013100 meters per second. Some neurons emit action potentials constantly, at rates of 10\u2013100 per second, usually in irregular patterns; other neurons are quiet most of the time, but occasionally emit a burst of action potentials."}], ["Terdapat beberapa spesies invertebrata yang otaknya telah dikaji secara intensif kerana mereka mempunyai sifat yang menjadikannya mudah untuk kerja percubaan: <> Otak mana yang lebih mudah untuk berfungsi, vertebrata atau invertebrata? || invertebrat", {"qas": [{"question": "Which brains are easier to work on, vertebrates or invertebrates?", "id": "56f8c4f99b226e1400dd0f7b", "answers": [{"text": "invertebrate", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are several invertebrate species whose brains have been studied intensively because they have properties that make them convenient for experimental work:"}], ["Walaupun komponen asas yang sama hadir di semua otak vertebrata, beberapa cabang evolusi vertebrata telah menyebabkan gangguan geometri otak yang besar, terutama di kawasan forebrain. Otak ikan hiu menunjukkan komponen asas dengan cara yang mudah, tetapi dalam ikan teleost (majoriti spesies ikan yang ada), forebrain telah menjadi \"terbukti\", seperti kaus kaki yang berubah-ubah di dalamnya. Dalam burung, terdapat juga perubahan besar dalam struktur forebrain. Penyimpangan ini boleh membuat sukar untuk menyesuaikan komponen otak dari satu spesies dengan spesies lain. <> The forebrain dibuktikan dalam apa jenis ikan? || ikan teleost <> Mana bahagian otak telah menyebabkan banyak penyelewengan di kalangan spesies yang berbeza? || kawasan forebrain", {"qas": [{"question": "The forebrain is everted in what type of fishes?", "id": "56f8c9d99b226e1400dd1003", "answers": [{"text": "teleost fishes", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which part of the brain has led to many distortions among different species?", "id": "56f8c9d99b226e1400dd1004", "answers": [{"text": "forebrain area", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although the same basic components are present in all vertebrate brains, some branches of vertebrate evolution have led to substantial distortions of brain geometry, especially in the forebrain area. The brain of a shark shows the basic components in a straightforward way, but in teleost fishes (the great majority of existing fish species), the forebrain has become \"everted\", like a sock turned inside out. In birds, there are also major changes in forebrain structure. These distortions can make it difficult to match brain components from one species with those of another species."}], ["Terdapat beberapa jenis bilateral yang tidak mempunyai otak yang dikenali, termasuk echinoderms, tunicates, dan acoelomorphs (sekumpulan cacing rata primitif). Ia tidak dapat ditegaskan secara pasti sama ada kewujudan spesies yang tidak sedap ini menunjukkan bahawa orang tengah yang paling awal kekurangan otak, atau sama ada nenek moyang mereka berevolusi dengan cara yang menyebabkan kehilangan struktur otak yang ada sekarang. <> Nama untuk sekumpulan flatworm primitif adalah apa? || acoelomorphs <> Beberapa bilateria tanpa otak adalah apa? || echinoderms, tunicates, dan acoelomorphs", {"qas": [{"question": "A name for a group of primitive flatworms is what?", "id": "56f8c1d09e9bad19000a0442", "answers": [{"text": "acoelomorphs", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some bilaterians without a brain are what?", "id": "56f8c1d09e9bad19000a0443", "answers": [{"text": "echinoderms, tunicates, and acoelomorphs", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are a few types of existing bilaterians that lack a recognizable brain, including echinoderms, tunicates, and acoelomorphs (a group of primitive flatworms). It has not been definitively established whether the existence of these brainless species indicates that the earliest bilaterians lacked a brain, or whether their ancestors evolved in a way that led to the disappearance of a previously existing brain structure."}], ["Otak vertebrata terbuat dari tisu yang sangat lembut. Tisu otak yang hidup berwarna merah jambu di luar dan kebanyakannya putih di bahagian dalam, dengan variasi halus dalam warna. Otak vertebrata dikelilingi oleh sistem membran tisu penghubung yang dipanggil meninges yang memisahkan tengkorak dari otak. Kapal darah memasuki sistem saraf pusat melalui lubang di lapisan meningeal. Sel-sel di dalam dinding saluran darah rapat rapat antara satu sama lain, membentuk halangan otak darah, yang menghalang banyak racun dan patogen (walaupun pada masa yang sama menyekat antibodi dan beberapa ubat, dengan demikian menyampaikan cabaran-cabaran khusus dalam merawat penyakit otak). <> Tisu otak yang hidup adalah apa warna di luar? || pinkish <> Warna dalam otak di dalamnya apa? || putih <> Otak dikelilingi oleh sistem tisu apa? || meninges <> Meninges memisahkan apa struktur dari otak? || tengkorak <> Barangan darah-otak terdiri daripada apa? || sel-sel di dinding saluran darah", {"qas": [{"question": "Brain tissue that is living is what color on the outside?", "id": "56f8c74d9b226e1400dd0fb3", "answers": [{"text": "pinkish", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The color of the brain inside is what?", "id": "56f8c74d9b226e1400dd0fb4", "answers": [{"text": "white", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Brains are surrounded by what system of tissues?", "id": "56f8c74d9b226e1400dd0fb5", "answers": [{"text": "meninges", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Meninges separate what structure from the brain?", "id": "56f8c74d9b226e1400dd0fb6", "answers": [{"text": "the skull", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The blood-brain barrier is made up of what?", "id": "56f8c74d9b226e1400dd0fb7", "answers": [{"text": "cells in the blood vessel walls", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The brains of vertebrates are made of very soft tissue. Living brain tissue is pinkish on the outside and mostly white on the inside, with subtle variations in color. Vertebrate brains are surrounded by a system of connective tissue membranes called meninges that separate the skull from the brain. Blood vessels enter the central nervous system through holes in the meningeal layers. The cells in the blood vessel walls are joined tightly to one another, forming the blood\u2013brain barrier, which blocks the passage of many toxins and pathogens (though at the same time blocking antibodies and some drugs, thereby presenting special challenges in treatment of diseases of the brain)."}], ["Semua otak vertebrata berkongsi satu bentuk asas yang biasa, yang kelihatan paling jelas pada peringkat awal perkembangan embrio. Dalam bentuk terawal, otak muncul sebagai tiga pembengkakan pada bahagian depan tiub saraf; pembengkakan ini akhirnya menjadi forebrain, midbrain, dan hindbrain (prosencephalon, mesencephalon, dan rhombencephalon). Pada peringkat awal perkembangan otak, ketiga-tiga kawasan tersebut hampir sama dengan saiznya. Dalam banyak kelas vertebrata, seperti ikan dan amfibia, tiga bahagian tetap sama dalam ukuran pada orang dewasa, tetapi dalam mamalia, forebrain menjadi lebih besar daripada bahagian lain, dan orang tengah menjadi sangat kecil. <> The forebrain semasa pembangunan dikenali sebagai apa? || prosencephalon <> Orang tengah ketika pembangunan dikenali sebagai apa? || mesencephalon <> The hindbrain semasa pembangunan dikenali sebagai apa? || rhombencephalon <> Kumpulan haiwan mana yang membina forebrain yang terbesar? || mamalia <> Semasa pembangunan, otak terdiri daripada tiga pembengkakan di hadapan apa? || tiub saraf;", {"qas": [{"question": "The forebrain during development is known as what?", "id": "56f8c6939e9bad19000a048c", "answers": [{"text": "prosencephalon", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The midbrain during development is known as what?", "id": "56f8c6939e9bad19000a048d", "answers": [{"text": "mesencephalon", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The hindbrain during development is known as what?", "id": "56f8c6939e9bad19000a048e", "answers": [{"text": "rhombencephalon", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which group of animals does the forebrain grow the largest?", "id": "56f8c6939e9bad19000a048f", "answers": [{"text": "mammals", "answer_start": 577}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During development, the brain is made up of three swellings at the front of what?", "id": "56f8c6939e9bad19000a0490", "answers": [{"text": "neural tube;", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "All vertebrate brains share a common underlying form, which appears most clearly during early stages of embryonic development. In its earliest form, the brain appears as three swellings at the front end of the neural tube; these swellings eventually become the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain (the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon, respectively). At the earliest stages of brain development, the three areas are roughly equal in size. In many classes of vertebrates, such as fish and amphibians, the three parts remain similar in size in the adult, but in mammals the forebrain becomes much larger than the other parts, and the midbrain becomes very small."}], ["Dua kumpulan invertebrata mempunyai otak yang kompleks: arthropod (serangga, krustacea, araknida, dan lain-lain), dan cephalopod (gurita, sikut, dan moluska yang serupa). Otak arthropod dan cephalopod timbul dari kord saraf selari kembar yang meluas melalui badan haiwan. Arthropod mempunyai otak tengah dengan tiga bahagian dan lobak optik besar di belakang setiap mata untuk pemprosesan visual. Cephalopods seperti sotong dan sotong mempunyai otak terbesar dari mana-mana invertebrata. <> Yang dua kumpulan invertebrata mempunyai otak kompleks? || arthropod (serangga, krustasea, araknida, dan lain-lain), dan cephalopoda <> Arthropods dan cephalopod mempunyai otak yang datang dari sepasang apa? || kord saraf sejajar <> The invertebrata dengan otak terbesar adalah apa dua haiwan? || sotong dan sotong", {"qas": [{"question": "Which two groups of invertebrates have complex brains?", "id": "56f8c4bd9b226e1400dd0f6b", "answers": [{"text": "arthropods (insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and others), and cephalopods", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Arthropods and cephalopods have brains that come from a pair of what?", "id": "56f8c4bd9b226e1400dd0f6c", "answers": [{"text": "parallel nerve cords", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The invertebrates with the largest brain are what two animals?", "id": "56f8c4bd9b226e1400dd0f6d", "answers": [{"text": "octopus and squid", "answer_start": 436}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Two groups of invertebrates have notably complex brains: arthropods (insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and others), and cephalopods (octopuses, squids, and similar molluscs). The brains of arthropods and cephalopods arise from twin parallel nerve cords that extend through the body of the animal. Arthropods have a central brain with three divisions and large optical lobes behind each eye for visual processing. Cephalopods such as the octopus and squid have the largest brains of any invertebrates."}], ["Neuroanatomis biasanya membahagikan otak vertebrata kepada enam kawasan utama: telencephalon (hemisfera serebrum), diencephalon (thalamus dan hypothalamus), mesencephalon (midbrain), cerebellum, pon, dan medulla oblongata. Setiap kawasan ini mempunyai struktur dalaman yang rumit. Sesetengah bahagian, seperti korteks serebrum dan korteks cerebellar, terdiri daripada lapisan yang dilipat atau dibentuk supaya sesuai dengan ruang yang ada. Bahagian lain, seperti thalamus dan hypothalamus, terdiri daripada kelompok banyak nukleus kecil. Beribu-ribu kawasan yang boleh dibezakan dapat dikenal pasti di dalam otak vertebrata berdasarkan perpaduan halus struktur, kimia, dan sambungan saraf. <> Orang yang mempelajari anatomi sistem saraf pusat dikenali sebagai apa? || Neuroanatomists <> Otak hemisfera otak dipanggil apa? || telencephalon <> Talamus dan hypothalamus terdiri daripada apa yang di rantau otak? || diencephalon <> Kawasan pertengahan otak dikenali sebagai apa? || mesencephalon <> Kelompok nukleus kecil terdiri daripada bahagian otak apa? || thalamus dan hypothalamus", {"qas": [{"question": "People who study the anatomy of the central nervous system are known as what?", "id": "56f8c90c9b226e1400dd0fdf", "answers": [{"text": "Neuroanatomists", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The cerebral hemispheres of the brain are called what?", "id": "56f8c90c9b226e1400dd0fe0", "answers": [{"text": "telencephalon", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The thalamus and hypothalamus comprise what region of the brain?", "id": "56f8c90c9b226e1400dd0fe1", "answers": [{"text": "diencephalon", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The midbrain region of the brain is known as what?", "id": "56f8c90c9b226e1400dd0fe2", "answers": [{"text": "mesencephalon", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Clusters of small nuclei comprise what parts of the brain?", "id": "56f8c90c9b226e1400dd0fe3", "answers": [{"text": "thalamus and hypothalamus", "answer_start": 455}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Neuroanatomists usually divide the vertebrate brain into six main regions: the telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres), diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus), mesencephalon (midbrain), cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. Each of these areas has a complex internal structure. Some parts, such as the cerebral cortex and the cerebellar cortex, consist of layers that are folded or convoluted to fit within the available space. Other parts, such as the thalamus and hypothalamus, consist of clusters of many small nuclei. Thousands of distinguishable areas can be identified within the vertebrate brain based on fine distinctions of neural structure, chemistry, and connectivity."}], ["Otak paling mudah dibandingkan dengan saiz mereka. Hubungan antara saiz otak, saiz badan dan pembolehubah lain telah dikaji dalam pelbagai spesies vertebrata. Sebagai peraturan, saiz otak meningkat dengan saiz badan, tetapi tidak dalam perkadaran linier yang mudah. Pada umumnya, haiwan yang lebih kecil cenderung mempunyai otak yang lebih besar, diukur sebagai sebahagian kecil daripada saiz badan. Untuk mamalia, hubungan antara jumlah otak dan jisim badan pada dasarnya mengikuti undang-undang kuasa dengan eksponen kira-kira 0.75. Rumusan ini menerangkan kecenderungan utama, tetapi setiap keluarga mamalia beralih daripadanya ke tahap tertentu, dengan cara yang mencerminkan sebahagian kompleksitas tingkah laku mereka. Sebagai contoh, primata mempunyai otak 5 hingga 10 kali lebih besar daripada formula yang diramalkan. Pemangsa cenderung mempunyai otak yang lebih besar daripada mangsa mereka, berbanding saiz badan. <> Adakah pemangsa mempunyai otak yang lebih besar atau lebih kecil berbanding dengan mangsa mereka? || lebih besar <> Dalam mamalia, jumlah otak dan jisim badan mengikuti undang-undang kuasa dengan eksponen apa? || 0.75 <> Kelompok haiwan mana yang mana mempunyai otak 5-10 kali lebih besar daripada formula yang diramalkan? || primata", {"qas": [{"question": "Do predators have larger or smaller brains compared to their prey?", "id": "56f8c61b9b226e1400dd0f87", "answers": [{"text": "larger", "answer_start": 767}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In mammals, brain volume and body mass follows a power law with an exponent of what?", "id": "56f8c61b9b226e1400dd0f88", "answers": [{"text": "0.75", "answer_start": 486}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which group of animals have brains 5-10 times larger than the formula predicts?", "id": "56f8c61b9b226e1400dd0f89", "answers": [{"text": "primates", "answer_start": 675}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Brains are most simply compared in terms of their size. The relationship between brain size, body size and other variables has been studied across a wide range of vertebrate species. As a rule, brain size increases with body size, but not in a simple linear proportion. In general, smaller animals tend to have larger brains, measured as a fraction of body size. For mammals, the relationship between brain volume and body mass essentially follows a power law with an exponent of about 0.75. This formula describes the central tendency, but every family of mammals departs from it to some degree, in a way that reflects in part the complexity of their behavior. For example, primates have brains 5 to 10 times larger than the formula predicts. Predators tend to have larger brains than their prey, relative to body size."}], ["The vertebrata pertama muncul lebih dari 500 juta tahun yang lalu (Mya), semasa tempoh Kemboja, dan mungkin menyerupai bentuk hagfish moden. Hiu muncul kira-kira 450 Mya, amfibia kira-kira 400 Mya, reptil kira-kira 350 Mya, dan mamalia sekitar 200 Mya. Setiap spesies mempunyai sejarah evolusi sama panjang, tetapi otak hagfishes moden, lampreys, jerung, amfibia, reptilia, dan mamalia menunjukkan kecerunan saiz dan kerumitan yang hampir mengikut urutan evolusi. Kesemua otak ini mengandungi set komponen anatomi asas yang sama, tetapi kebanyakannya adalah asas dalam hagfish, sedangkan dalam mamalia bahagian utama (telencephalon) sangat banyak diterangkan dan diperluas. <> Berapa lama dahulu wujud organisma vertebrata pertama? || lebih 500 juta tahun yang lalu <> Dalam tempoh saintifik apakah vertebrata muncul? || Tempoh Cambrian <> Sharks muncul pada berapa banyak Mya? || 450 Mya <> Bahagian otak utama dalam mamalia dikenali sebagai apa? || (telencephalon <> Berapa banyak mya yang mamalia mula muncul pada masanya? || 200 Mya", {"qas": [{"question": "How long ago did the first vertebrate organisms appear?", "id": "56f8c5a69e9bad19000a047a", "answers": [{"text": "over 500 million years ago", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During which scientific period did vertebrates appear?", "id": "56f8c5a69e9bad19000a047b", "answers": [{"text": "Cambrian period", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Sharks appeared at about how many Mya?", "id": "56f8c5a69e9bad19000a047c", "answers": [{"text": "450 Mya", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The foremost part of the brain in mammals is known as what?", "id": "56f8c5a69e9bad19000a047d", "answers": [{"text": "(the telencephalon", "answer_start": 633}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At how many mya did mammals first appear in time?", "id": "56f8c5a69e9bad19000a047e", "answers": [{"text": "200 Mya", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first vertebrates appeared over 500 million years ago (Mya), during the Cambrian period, and may have resembled the modern hagfish in form. Sharks appeared about 450 Mya, amphibians about 400 Mya, reptiles about 350 Mya, and mammals about 200 Mya. Each species has an equally long evolutionary history, but the brains of modern hagfishes, lampreys, sharks, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals show a gradient of size and complexity that roughly follows the evolutionary sequence. All of these brains contain the same set of basic anatomical components, but many are rudimentary in the hagfish, whereas in mammals the foremost part (the telencephalon) is greatly elaborated and expanded."}], ["Kecuali beberapa organisme primitif seperti sponges (yang tidak mempunyai sistem saraf) dan cnidarians (yang mempunyai sistem saraf yang terdiri daripada jaring saraf yang meresap), semua haiwan multiselular yang hidup adalah bilateral, yang bermaksud haiwan dengan bentuk tubuh simetris bilateral (iaitu , sisi kiri dan kanan yang menghampiri imej cermin satu sama lain). Kesemua ahli perantara sepatutnya berasal dari nenek moyang yang sama yang muncul pada zaman Kemboja, 485-540 juta tahun yang lalu, dan telah dihipotesiskan bahawa nenek moyang yang sama ini mempunyai bentuk tub cacing yang sederhana dengan badan yang dibahagikan. Pada tahap skematik, bentuk cacing asas ini terus ditunjukkan dalam senibina sistem tubuh dan saraf semua ahli bilas moden, termasuk vertebrata. Bentuk badan dua hala asas adalah tiub dengan rongga usus yang berlari dari mulut ke dubur, dan tali saraf dengan pembesaran (ganglion) untuk setiap segmen badan, dengan ganglion yang sangat besar di bahagian depan, dipanggil otak. Otak kecil dan sederhana dalam sesetengah spesies, seperti cacing nematod; Dalam spesies lain, termasuk vertebrata, ia adalah organ yang paling kompleks dalam tubuh. Sesetengah jenis cacing, seperti lintah, juga mempunyai ganglion yang diperbesarkan di bahagian belakang saraf kord, yang dikenali sebagai \"otak ekor\". <> Makhluk yang mempunyai jaring saraf yang tersebar dipanggil apa? || cnidarians <> Bilaterians adalah haiwan yang mempunyai apa? || bentuk badan simetri <> Tempoh Cambrian adalah berapa lama dahulu? || 485-540 juta tahun yang lalu <> Saraf saraf dengan pembesaran disebut apa? || ganglion <> Jenis makhluk apa yang ada ganglion pada hujung belakang tali saraf juga? || lintah", {"qas": [{"question": "Creatures that have a diffuse nerve net are called what?", "id": "56f8c1999e9bad19000a042e", "answers": [{"text": "cnidarians", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bilaterians are animals that have what?", "id": "56f8c1999e9bad19000a042f", "answers": [{"text": "symmetric body shape", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Cambrian period was how long ago?", "id": "56f8c1999e9bad19000a0430", "answers": [{"text": "485-540 million years ago", "answer_start": 465}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A nerve cord with an enlargement is called what?", "id": "56f8c1999e9bad19000a0431", "answers": [{"text": "a ganglion", "answer_start": 914}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of creature has a ganglion at the back end of the nerve cord as well?", "id": "56f8c1999e9bad19000a0432", "answers": [{"text": "leeches", "answer_start": 1198}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Except for a few primitive organisms such as sponges (which have no nervous system) and cnidarians (which have a nervous system consisting of a diffuse nerve net), all living multicellular animals are bilaterians, meaning animals with a bilaterally symmetric body shape (that is, left and right sides that are approximate mirror images of each other). All bilaterians are thought to have descended from a common ancestor that appeared early in the Cambrian period, 485-540 million years ago, and it has been hypothesized that this common ancestor had the shape of a simple tubeworm with a segmented body. At a schematic level, that basic worm-shape continues to be reflected in the body and nervous system architecture of all modern bilaterians, including vertebrates. The fundamental bilateral body form is a tube with a hollow gut cavity running from the mouth to the anus, and a nerve cord with an enlargement (a ganglion) for each body segment, with an especially large ganglion at the front, called the brain. The brain is small and simple in some species, such as nematode worms; in other species, including vertebrates, it is the most complex organ in the body. Some types of worms, such as leeches, also have an enlarged ganglion at the back end of the nerve cord, known as a \"tail brain\"."}], ["Fungsi otak bergantung kepada kemampuan neuron untuk menghantar isyarat elektrokimia ke sel lain, dan keupayaannya untuk bertindak balas dengan tepat kepada isyarat elektrokimia yang diterima dari sel-sel lain. Sifat-sifat elektrik neuron dikawal oleh pelbagai proses biokimia dan metabolik, terutamanya interaksi antara neurotransmitter dan reseptor yang berlaku pada sinaps. <> Sifat-sifat elektrik neuron dikawal oleh apa? || neurotransmitter dan reseptor yang berlaku di sinaps <?> Apakah jenis isyarat yang memindahkan neuron dari satu sama lain? || elektrokimia", {"qas": [{"question": "The electrical properties of neurons are controlled by what?", "id": "56f8dc869b226e1400dd1122", "answers": [{"text": "neurotransmitters and receptors that take place at synapses", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of signals do neurons transfer from one another?", "id": "56f8dc869b226e1400dd1123", "answers": [{"text": "electrochemical", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The functions of the brain depend on the ability of neurons to transmit electrochemical signals to other cells, and their ability to respond appropriately to electrochemical signals received from other cells. The electrical properties of neurons are controlled by a wide variety of biochemical and metabolic processes, most notably the interactions between neurotransmitters and receptors that take place at synapses."}], ["Penghuraian korteks serebrum membawa perubahan kepada kawasan otak yang lain. The colliculus yang unggul, yang memainkan peranan utama dalam kawalan visual tingkah laku di kebanyakan vertebrata, mengecut ke saiz kecil dalam mamalia, dan banyak fungsinya diambil alih oleh bidang visual korteks serebrum. Cerebellum mamalia mengandungi sebahagian besar (neocerebellum) yang didedikasikan untuk menyokong korteks serebrum, yang tidak mempunyai kaitan dalam vertebrata lain. <> Colliculus unggul berkaitan dengan kawalan sensasi vertebrata? || visual <> Sebilangan besar cerebellum dalam mamalia dipanggil apa? || (neocerebellum <> Neocerebellum menyokong bahagian otak yang lain? || cerebral cortex", {"qas": [{"question": "The superior colliculus is related to what sensual control of vertebrates?", "id": "56f8cc7b9e9bad19000a051e", "answers": [{"text": "visual", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The larger part of the cerebellum in mammals is called what?", "id": "56f8cc7b9e9bad19000a051f", "answers": [{"text": "(the neocerebellum", "answer_start": 354}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Neocerebellum supports what other part of the brain?", "id": "56f8cc7b9e9bad19000a0520", "answers": [{"text": "cerebral cortex", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The elaboration of the cerebral cortex carries with it changes to other brain areas. The superior colliculus, which plays a major role in visual control of behavior in most vertebrates, shrinks to a small size in mammals, and many of its functions are taken over by visual areas of the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum of mammals contains a large portion (the neocerebellum) dedicated to supporting the cerebral cortex, which has no counterpart in other vertebrates."}], ["Otak manusia dan primata lain mengandungi struktur yang sama seperti otak mamalia lain, tetapi secara amnya lebih besar mengikut saiz tubuh. Cara yang paling meluas untuk membandingkan saiz otak di seluruh spesis ialah apa yang dipanggil cubaan encephalization (EQ), yang mengambil kira ketiadaan hubungan otak-ke-tubuh. Manusia mempunyai EQ purata dalam julat 7-ke-8, manakala kebanyakan primata lain mempunyai EQ dalam julat 2-ke-3. Lumba-lumba mempunyai nilai yang lebih tinggi daripada primata selain manusia, tetapi hampir semua mamalia lain mempunyai nilai EQ yang jauh lebih rendah. <> Membandingkan saiz otak di kalangan makhluk yang berbeza digunakan paling biasa oleh apa? || encephalization quotient (EQ) <> Apakah purata EQ seseorang? || Julat 7-ke-8 <> Primata mempunyai EQ dalam apa julatnya? || 2-ke-3", {"qas": [{"question": "Comparing brain sizes among different creatures is used most commonly by what?", "id": "56f8cddd9e9bad19000a0542", "answers": [{"text": "encephalization quotient (EQ)", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average EQ of a person?", "id": "56f8cddd9e9bad19000a0543", "answers": [{"text": "7-to-8 range", "answer_start": 380}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Primates have an EQ in what range?", "id": "56f8cddd9e9bad19000a0544", "answers": [{"text": "2-to-3", "answer_start": 438}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The brains of humans and other primates contain the same structures as the brains of other mammals, but are generally larger in proportion to body size. The most widely accepted way of comparing brain sizes across species is the so-called encephalization quotient (EQ), which takes into account the nonlinearity of the brain-to-body relationship. Humans have an average EQ in the 7-to-8 range, while most other primates have an EQ in the 2-to-3 range. Dolphins have values higher than those of primates other than humans, but nearly all other mammals have EQ values that are substantially lower."}], ["Perbezaan antara otak mamalia dan vertebrata lain adalah dari segi saiz. Rata-rata, mamalia mempunyai otak kira-kira dua kali lebih besar daripada burung saiz badan yang sama, dan sepuluh kali lebih besar seperti reptil saiz badan yang sama. <> Otak mamalia adalah berapa kali lebih besar daripada burung berbanding saiz badan? || dua kali lebih besar <> Otak mamalia adalah berapa kali lebih besar daripada reptilia berbanding saiz badan? || sepuluh kali <> Perbezaan terbesar antara otak mamalia dan vertebrata lain adalah apa? || saiz.", {"qas": [{"question": "A mammal's brain is how many times larger than a birds relative to body size?", "id": "56f8ca819b226e1400dd100d", "answers": [{"text": "twice as large", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A mammal's brain is how many times larger than a reptiles relative to body size?", "id": "56f8ca819b226e1400dd100e", "answers": [{"text": "ten times", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The biggest difference between brains of mammals and other vertebrates is what?", "id": "56f8ca819b226e1400dd100f", "answers": [{"text": "size.", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The most obvious difference between the brains of mammals and other vertebrates is in terms of size. On average, a mammal has a brain roughly twice as large as that of a bird of the same body size, and ten times as large as that of a reptile of the same body size."}], ["Neurotransmiter adalah bahan kimia yang dikeluarkan pada sinapsis apabila potensi tindakan mengaktifkannya-neurotransmitter melampirkan diri ke molekul reseptor pada membran sel sasaran sinaps, dan dengan itu mengubah sifat-sifat elektrik atau kimia molekul reseptor. Dengan beberapa pengecualian, setiap neuron di otak mengeluarkan neurotransmitter kimia yang sama, atau gabungan neurotransmiter, di semua sambungan sinaptik yang dibuat dengan neuron lain; Peraturan ini dikenali sebagai prinsip Dale. Oleh itu, neuron boleh dicirikan oleh neurotransmitter yang dibebaskan. Majoriti ubat-ubatan psikoaktif mengeksekusi kesannya dengan mengubah sistem neurotransmitter tertentu. Ini berlaku untuk ubat-ubatan seperti cannabinoids, nikotin, heroin, kokain, alkohol, fluoxetine, chlorpromazine, dan banyak lagi. <> Bahan kimia yang dipanggil neurotransmitter dikeluarkan pada bahagian otak apa? || sinapsis <> Apa yang dilampirkan oleh neurotransmitter? || molekul reseptor pada membran sel target sinaps <> Neurons yang melepaskan bahan kimia yang sama mengikuti aturan apa? || Prinsip Dale", {"qas": [{"question": "Chemicals called neurotransmitters are released at what part of the brain?", "id": "56f96f189e9bad19000a0901", "answers": [{"text": "synapses", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do neurotransmitters attach to?", "id": "56f96f189e9bad19000a0902", "answers": [{"text": "receptor molecules on the membrane of the synapse's target cell", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Neurons that release the same chemicals are following what rule?", "id": "56f96f189e9bad19000a0903", "answers": [{"text": "Dale's principle", "answer_start": 500}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are released at synapses when an action potential activates them\u2014neurotransmitters attach themselves to receptor molecules on the membrane of the synapse's target cell, and thereby alter the electrical or chemical properties of the receptor molecules. With few exceptions, each neuron in the brain releases the same chemical neurotransmitter, or combination of neurotransmitters, at all the synaptic connections it makes with other neurons; this rule is known as Dale's principle. Thus, a neuron can be characterized by the neurotransmitters that it releases. The great majority of psychoactive drugs exert their effects by altering specific neurotransmitter systems. This applies to drugs such as cannabinoids, nicotine, heroin, cocaine, alcohol, fluoxetine, chlorpromazine, and many others."}], ["Sekali neuron ada, ia membekalkan dendrite dan akson ke kawasan sekitarnya. Aksons, kerana mereka biasanya memanjang jauh dari badan sel dan perlu mencapai sasaran tertentu, berkembang dengan cara yang sangat kompleks. Hujung akson yang tumbuh terdiri daripada gumpalan protoplasma yang dipanggil pertumbuhan kerucut, disemat dengan reseptor kimia. Reseptor ini merasakan persekitaran setempat, menyebabkan pertumbuhan kon ditarik atau ditarik oleh pelbagai elemen selular, dan dengan itu ditarik ke arah tertentu pada setiap titik sepanjang jalannya. Hasil dari proses laluan laluan ini adalah bahawa pertumbuhan serigala melayari melalui otak sehingga mencapai kawasan destinasinya, di mana petunjuk kimia lain menyebabkannya mula menghasilkan sinapsis. Memandangkan seluruh otak, beribu-ribu gen membuat produk yang mempengaruhi laluan aksinya. <> Sesuatu pertumbuhan serong axon terdiri daripada gumpalan apa? || protoplasm <> Apa dua struktur neuron perlu diluaskan apabila ia berlaku semasa pembangunan? || dendrit dan akson", {"qas": [{"question": "A growth cone of an axon is made up of a blob of what?", "id": "56f8d30f9e9bad19000a05a4", "answers": [{"text": "protoplasm", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two structures does a neuron extend when it is in place during development?", "id": "56f8d30f9e9bad19000a05a5", "answers": [{"text": "dendrites and an axon", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Once a neuron is in place, it extends dendrites and an axon into the area around it. Axons, because they commonly extend a great distance from the cell body and need to reach specific targets, grow in a particularly complex way. The tip of a growing axon consists of a blob of protoplasm called a growth cone, studded with chemical receptors. These receptors sense the local environment, causing the growth cone to be attracted or repelled by various cellular elements, and thus to be pulled in a particular direction at each point along its path. The result of this pathfinding process is that the growth cone navigates through the brain until it reaches its destination area, where other chemical cues cause it to begin generating synapses. Considering the entire brain, thousands of genes create products that influence axonal pathfinding."}], ["Pada manusia dan banyak mamalia lain, neuron baru dibuat terutamanya sebelum lahir, dan otak bayi mengandungi lebih banyak neuron daripada otak dewasa. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat beberapa kawasan di mana neuron baru terus dihasilkan sepanjang hayat. Kedua-dua bidang yang mana neurogenesis dewasa itu mapan adalah mentol pencium, yang terlibat dalam rasa bau, dan gyrus dentate hippocampus, di mana terdapat bukti bahawa neuron baru memainkan peranan dalam menyimpan kenangan yang baru diperoleh. Namun, dengan pengecualian ini, set neuron yang terdapat pada masa kanak-kanak awal adalah set yang ada untuk kehidupan. Sel glial adalah berbeza: seperti kebanyakan jenis sel dalam badan, ia dihasilkan sepanjang hayat. <> Otak bayi mengandungi lebih banyak jenis sel dalam otak daripada otak orang dewasa? || neuron <> Mentol olahan adalah berkaitan dengan rasa apa? || rasa bau <> Kawasan apa yang hippocampus memainkan peranan dalam menyimpan kenangan baru? || gyrus dentata hippocampus <> Jenis sel yang mana dalam otak dijana sepanjang hayat anda? || Sel glial <> Neurogenesis adalah proses apa? || neuron terus dijana sepanjang hayat", {"qas": [{"question": "The infant brain contains more of what type of cells in the brain than the adult brain?", "id": "56f8db919b226e1400dd1104", "answers": [{"text": "neurons", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The olfactory bulb is related to what sense?", "id": "56f8db919b226e1400dd1105", "answers": [{"text": "sense of smell", "answer_start": 362}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What area of the hippocampus plays a role in storing new memories?", "id": "56f8db919b226e1400dd1106", "answers": [{"text": "dentate gyrus of the hippocampus", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which type of cells in the brain are generated throughout your lifetime?", "id": "56f8db919b226e1400dd1107", "answers": [{"text": "Glial cells", "answer_start": 636}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Neurogenesis is the process of what?", "id": "56f8db919b226e1400dd1108", "answers": [{"text": "neurons continue to be generated throughout life", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In humans and many other mammals, new neurons are created mainly before birth, and the infant brain contains substantially more neurons than the adult brain. There are, however, a few areas where new neurons continue to be generated throughout life. The two areas for which adult neurogenesis is well established are the olfactory bulb, which is involved in the sense of smell, and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, where there is evidence that the new neurons play a role in storing newly acquired memories. With these exceptions, however, the set of neurons that is present in early childhood is the set that is present for life. Glial cells are different: as with most types of cells in the body, they are generated throughout the lifespan."}], ["Saiz, bagaimanapun, bukan satu-satunya perbezaan: terdapat juga perbezaan yang besar dalam bentuk. The hindbrain dan midbrain mamalia umumnya sama dengan yang lain dari vertebrata, tetapi perbezaan dramatik muncul di forebrain, yang sangat diperbesar dan juga diubah dalam struktur. Korteks serebrum adalah bahagian otak yang paling membezakan mamalia. Dalam vertebrata bukan mamalia, permukaan cerebrum dipenuhi dengan struktur tiga lapisan yang agak mudah dipanggil pallium. Dalam mamalia, pallium berkembang menjadi struktur enam lapis kompleks yang dipanggil neocortex atau isocortex. Beberapa kawasan di pinggir neocortex, termasuk hippocampus dan amygdala, juga lebih banyak dimajukan dalam mamalia daripada pada vertebrata lain. <> Apa bahagian otak yang paling membezakan mamalia dari vertebrata yang lain? || Korteks serebrum <> Struktur tiga lapisan yang meliputi cerebrum pada bukan mamalia dikenali sebagai apa? || pallium <> Mamalia mempunyai pallium yang terlibat dalam apa? || neocortex atau isocortex <> Hippocampus dan amygdala adalah ares dalam struktur apa? || neocortex", {"qas": [{"question": "What part of the brain most strongly differentiates mammals from other vertebrates?", "id": "56f8cc029b226e1400dd1027", "answers": [{"text": "The cerebral cortex", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The three-layered structure covering the cerebrum in non-mammals is known as what?", "id": "56f8cc029b226e1400dd1028", "answers": [{"text": "pallium", "answer_start": 507}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Mammals have a pallium that involved into what?", "id": "56f8cc029b226e1400dd1029", "answers": [{"text": "neocortex or isocortex", "answer_start": 592}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The hippocampus and amygdala are ares inside what structure?", "id": "56f8cc029b226e1400dd102a", "answers": [{"text": "neocortex", "answer_start": 649}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Size, however, is not the only difference: there are also substantial differences in shape. The hindbrain and midbrain of mammals are generally similar to those of other vertebrates, but dramatic differences appear in the forebrain, which is greatly enlarged and also altered in structure. The cerebral cortex is the part of the brain that most strongly distinguishes mammals. In non-mammalian vertebrates, the surface of the cerebrum is lined with a comparatively simple three-layered structure called the pallium. In mammals, the pallium evolves into a complex six-layered structure called neocortex or isocortex. Several areas at the edge of the neocortex, including the hippocampus and amygdala, are also much more extensively developed in mammals than in other vertebrates."}], ["Kebanyakan pembesaran otak primata berasal dari pengembangan besar korteks serebrum, terutama korteks prefrontal dan bahagian-bahagian korteks yang terlibat dalam penglihatan. Rangkaian pemprosesan visual primata termasuk sekurang-kurangnya 30 kawasan otak yang boleh dibezakan, dengan rangkaian perhubungan yang rumit. Telah dianggarkan bahawa kawasan pemprosesan visual menduduki lebih daripada separuh daripada permukaan keseluruhan neocortex primata. Korteks prefrontal menjalankan fungsi yang merangkumi perancangan, memori kerja, motivasi, perhatian, dan kawalan eksekutif. Ia mengambil sebahagian besar otak untuk primata daripada spesies lain, dan sebahagian besar otak manusia. <> Primata mempunyai rangkaian pemprosesan visual berapa banyak kawasan otak? || 30 <> Kawasan pemprosesan visual menduduki berapa banyak permukaan neocortex atau primata? || lebih daripada separuh <> Perancangan, motivasi, dan perhatian dikawal oleh kawasan apa? || korteks prefrontal <> Korteks prefrontal adalah yang terbesar dalam haiwan apa? || primata", {"qas": [{"question": "Primates have a visual processing network of how many brain areas?", "id": "56f8cee09e9bad19000a0552", "answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The visual processing areas occupy how much of the surface of the neocortex or primates?", "id": "56f8cee09e9bad19000a0553", "answers": [{"text": "more than half", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Planning, motivation, and attention are controlled by what area?", "id": "56f8cee09e9bad19000a0554", "answers": [{"text": "prefrontal cortex", "answer_start": 437}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The prefrontal cortex is the largest in what animals?", "id": "56f8cee09e9bad19000a0555", "answers": [{"text": "primates", "answer_start": 616}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Most of the enlargement of the primate brain comes from a massive expansion of the cerebral cortex, especially the prefrontal cortex and the parts of the cortex involved in vision. The visual processing network of primates includes at least 30 distinguishable brain areas, with a complex web of interconnections. It has been estimated that visual processing areas occupy more than half of the total surface of the primate neocortex. The prefrontal cortex carries out functions that include planning, working memory, motivation, attention, and executive control. It takes up a much larger proportion of the brain for primates than for other species, and an especially large fraction of the human brain."}], ["Untuk vertebrata, peringkat awal perkembangan saraf adalah serupa di semua spesies. Apabila embrio bertukar dari gumpalan bulat sel ke dalam struktur yang cacing, jalur ektoderm yang sempit yang berjalan di sepanjang garis tengah belakang diinduksi menjadi plat saraf, pendahulunya sistem saraf. Plat saraf melipat masuk ke dalam untuk membentuk alur neural, dan kemudian bibir yang menyambungkan alur untuk menyertakan tiub saraf, sel kord kosong dengan ventrikel yang penuh dengan bendalir di tengah. Di hujung depan, ventrikel dan korda membengkak untuk membentuk tiga vesikel yang merupakan prekursor forebrain, midbrain, dan hindbrain. Pada peringkat seterusnya, forebrain berpecah menjadi dua vesikel yang dipanggil telencephalon (yang akan mengandungi korteks serebrum, ganglia basal, dan struktur yang berkaitan) dan diencephalon (yang akan mengandungi thalamus dan hypothalamus). Pada masa yang sama, hindbrain berpecah ke metencephalon (yang akan mengandungi cerebellum dan pons) dan myelencephalon (yang akan mengandungi medulla oblongata). Setiap kawasan ini mengandungi zon proliferatif di mana sel-sel neuron dan glial dihasilkan; sel-sel yang terhasil kemudian berhijrah, kadang-kadang untuk jarak jauh, ke kedudukan akhir mereka. <> Pendahuluan sistem saraf dipanggil apa yang terdapat dalam vertebrata? || plat saraf <> Alur neural adalah kord kosong sel dengan apa yang ada di tengahnya? || ventrikel yang penuh bendalir <> The forebrain membelah semasa pembangunan ke vesicles dipanggil apa? || telencephalon (yang akan mengandungi korteks serebrum, ganglia basal, dan struktur yang berkaitan) dan diencephalon <> vesikel yang mengandungi korteks serebrum yang mana? || telencephalon <> Talamus dan hipotalamus terkandung di mana vesicle? || diencephalon", {"qas": [{"question": "The precursor of the nervous system is called what in vertebrates?", "id": "56f8d2919b226e1400dd108b", "answers": [{"text": "the neural plate", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The neural groove is a hollow cord of cells with what in the center?", "id": "56f8d2919b226e1400dd108c", "answers": [{"text": "fluid-filled ventricle", "answer_start": 468}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The forebrain splits during development into vesicles called what?", "id": "56f8d2919b226e1400dd108d", "answers": [{"text": "telencephalon (which will contain the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures) and the diencephalon", "answer_start": 713}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The vesicle that contains the cerebral cortex is which one?", "id": "56f8d2919b226e1400dd108e", "answers": [{"text": "telencephalon", "answer_start": 713}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The thalamus and hypothalamus are contained in which vesicle?", "id": "56f8d2919b226e1400dd108f", "answers": [{"text": "the diencephalon", "answer_start": 811}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "For vertebrates, the early stages of neural development are similar across all species. As the embryo transforms from a round blob of cells into a wormlike structure, a narrow strip of ectoderm running along the midline of the back is induced to become the neural plate, the precursor of the nervous system. The neural plate folds inward to form the neural groove, and then the lips that line the groove merge to enclose the neural tube, a hollow cord of cells with a fluid-filled ventricle at the center. At the front end, the ventricles and cord swell to form three vesicles that are the precursors of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. At the next stage, the forebrain splits into two vesicles called the telencephalon (which will contain the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures) and the diencephalon (which will contain the thalamus and hypothalamus). At about the same time, the hindbrain splits into the metencephalon (which will contain the cerebellum and pons) and the myelencephalon (which will contain the medulla oblongata). Each of these areas contains proliferative zones where neurons and glial cells are generated; the resulting cells then migrate, sometimes for long distances, to their final positions."}], ["Semua vertebrata mempunyai penghalang darah-otak yang membolehkan metabolisme di dalam otak untuk beroperasi secara berbeza daripada metabolisme di bahagian lain badan. Sel glial memainkan peranan utama dalam metabolisme otak dengan mengawal komposisi kimia cecair yang merangkumi neuron, termasuk tahap ion dan nutrien. <> Apakah jenis sel mempunyai peranan besar dalam metabolisme otak? || Sel glial <> Sel glial mengawal apa yang ada di dalam otak? || komposisi kimia bendalir yang merangkumi neuron", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of cells have a huge role in brain metabolism?", "id": "56f9738c9e9bad19000a093d", "answers": [{"text": "Glial cells", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Glial cells control what inside the brain?", "id": "56f9738c9e9bad19000a093e", "answers": [{"text": "chemical composition of the fluid that surrounds neurons", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "All vertebrates have a blood\u2013brain barrier that allows metabolism inside the brain to operate differently from metabolism in other parts of the body. Glial cells play a major role in brain metabolism by controlling the chemical composition of the fluid that surrounds neurons, including levels of ions and nutrients."}], ["Terdapat berpuluh-puluh neurotransmiter kimia lain yang digunakan di kawasan yang lebih terhad di dalam otak, selalunya kawasan khusus untuk fungsi tertentu. Serotonin, sebagai contoh-sasaran utama ubat-ubatan antidepresan dan banyak alat pemakanan-datang secara eksklusif dari kawasan otak kecil yang dipanggil nukleus Raphe. Norepinephrine, yang terlibat dalam rangsangan, datang secara eksklusif dari kawasan kecil berhampiran yang dipanggil locus coeruleus. Neurotransmitter lain seperti acetylcholine dan dopamin mempunyai pelbagai sumber di dalam otak, tetapi tidak diedarkan di mana-mana sebagai glutamat dan GABA. <> Serotonin berasal dari bahagian otak? || Raphe nuclei <> Antidepressants biasanya mempengaruhi apa yang kimia otak? || Serotonin <> Yang kimia otak terlibat dengan gairah? || Norepinephrine <> Norepinephrine berasal dari kawasan otak yang dikenali sebagai apa? || locus coeruleus", {"qas": [{"question": "Serotonin comes from what part of the brain?", "id": "56f9725b9e9bad19000a092b", "answers": [{"text": "Raphe nuclei", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Antidepressants typically affect what chemical of the brain?", "id": "56f9725b9e9bad19000a092c", "answers": [{"text": "Serotonin", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which chemical of the brain is involved with arousal?", "id": "56f9725b9e9bad19000a092d", "answers": [{"text": "Norepinephrine", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Norepinephrine comes from an area of the brain known as what?", "id": "56f9725b9e9bad19000a092e", "answers": [{"text": "locus coeruleus", "answer_start": 410}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There are dozens of other chemical neurotransmitters that are used in more limited areas of the brain, often areas dedicated to a particular function. Serotonin, for example\u2014the primary target of antidepressant drugs and many dietary aids\u2014comes exclusively from a small brainstem area called the Raphe nuclei. Norepinephrine, which is involved in arousal, comes exclusively from a nearby small area called the locus coeruleus. Other neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and dopamine have multiple sources in the brain, but are not as ubiquitously distributed as glutamate and GABA."}], ["Selanjutnya, walaupun satu neuron kelihatan kompleks dan mampu melakukan perhitungan. Jadi, model otak yang tidak mencerminkan ini boleh dikatakan terlalu abstraktif untuk mewakili operasi otak; model yang cuba menangkap ini sangat mahal dan boleh dibilang dengan sumber pengiraan yang ada sekarang. Bagaimanapun, setelah mengatakan ini, Projek Otak Manusia cuba untuk membina model komputasi terperinci yang realistik dari seluruh otak manusia. Ia masih dapat dilihat sejauh mana tahap kejayaan yang dapat mereka capai dalam jangka masa projek dan kebijaksanaannya telah diperjuangkan secara terbuka, dengan para saintis berprofil tinggi di kedua-dua belah hujah. <> Apa projek yang dipanggil yang cuba membina model komputer yang terperinci dan terperinci mengenai otak manusia? || Projek Otak Manusia", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the project called that is trying to build a realistic, detailed computer model of the human brain?", "id": "56f97e319b226e1400dd14c3", "answers": [{"text": "the Human Brain Project", "answer_start": 365}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Furthermore, even single neurons appear to be complex and capable of performing computations. So, brain models that don't reflect this are arguably too abstractive to be representative of brain operation; models that do try to capture this are very computationally expensive and arguably intractable with present computational resources. However, having said this, the Human Brain Project is trying to build a realistic, detailed computational model of the entire human brain. It remains to be seen what level of success they can achieve in the time frame of the project and the wisdom of it has been publicly contested, with high-profile scientists on both sides of the argument."}], ["Dari perspektif evolusi-biologi, fungsi otak adalah untuk memberikan kawalan yang jelas mengenai tindakan haiwan. Otak terpusat membolehkan kumpulan otot untuk dikendalikan bersama dalam corak kompleks; ia juga membolehkan rangsangan yang menyekat pada satu bahagian badan untuk membangkitkan tindak balas di bahagian lain, dan ia dapat menghalang bahagian tubuh yang berlainan daripada bertindak secara silang satu sama lain. <> Fungsi otak dari pemikiran evolusi-biologi adalah apa? || memberikan kawalan yang kokoh terhadap tindakan binatang", {"qas": [{"question": "The function of the brain from an evolutionary-biological thought is what?", "id": "56f975539b226e1400dd146e", "answers": [{"text": "provide coherent control over the actions of an animal", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From an evolutionary-biological perspective, the function of the brain is to provide coherent control over the actions of an animal. A centralized brain allows groups of muscles to be co-activated in complex patterns; it also allows stimuli impinging on one part of the body to evoke responses in other parts, and it can prevent different parts of the body from acting at cross-purposes to each other."}], ["Salah satu fungsi utama otak adalah untuk mengekstrak maklumat yang berkaitan secara biologi dari input deria. Otak manusia diberikan maklumat tentang cahaya, bunyi, komposisi kimia atmosfera, suhu, orientasi kepala, kedudukan anggota badan, komposisi kimia aliran darah, dan banyak lagi. Di dalam haiwan lain, deria tambahan boleh hadir, seperti rasa ular haba inframerah, rasa medan magnet dari sesetengah burung, atau rasa medan elektrik beberapa jenis ikan. Lebih-lebih lagi, haiwan lain boleh mengembangkan sistem deria sedia ada dengan cara-cara baru, seperti adaptasi oleh kelelawar akal pendengaran ke dalam bentuk sonar. Satu cara atau yang lain, semua modaliti sensori pada mulanya dikesan oleh sensor khusus yang menandakan isyarat projek ke dalam otak. <> Jenis binatang apa yang mempunyai rasa yang disesuaikan dengan sonar? || kelawar <> Jenis haiwan apa yang menggunakan haba inframerah untuk rasa? || ular <> Kumpulan haiwan yang dapat mengesan medan magnet adalah apa? || burung <> Kumpulan makhluk yang dapat merasakan medan elektrik adalah apa? || ikan", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of animal has a sense that adapted into sonar?", "id": "56f97eb89e9bad19000a09c3", "answers": [{"text": "bats", "answer_start": 604}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of animal uses infrared heat to sense?", "id": "56f97eb89e9bad19000a09c4", "answers": [{"text": "snakes", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The group of animals that can detect magnetic fields is what?", "id": "56f97eb89e9bad19000a09c5", "answers": [{"text": "birds", "answer_start": 446}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The group of creatures that can sense electric fields is what?", "id": "56f97eb89e9bad19000a09c6", "answers": [{"text": "fish", "answer_start": 498}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One of the primary functions of a brain is to extract biologically relevant information from sensory inputs. The human brain is provided with information about light, sound, the chemical composition of the atmosphere, temperature, head orientation, limb position, the chemical composition of the bloodstream, and more. In other animals additional senses may be present, such as the infrared heat-sense of snakes, the magnetic field sense of some birds, or the electric field sense of some types of fish. Moreover, other animals may develop existing sensory systems in new ways, such as the adaptation by bats of the auditory sense into a form of sonar. One way or another, all of these sensory modalities are initially detected by specialized sensors that project signals into the brain."}], ["Intipati pendekatan pemprosesan maklumat adalah untuk memahami fungsi otak dari segi aliran maklumat dan pelaksanaan algoritma. Salah satu sumbangan awal yang paling berpengaruh ialah kertas 1959 yang berjudul Apa yang katak katakan pada otak katak: kertas itu mengkaji tindak balas visual neuron di retina dan optik tectum katak, dan sampai pada kesimpulan bahawa beberapa neuron di tektum Katak adalah wayar untuk menggabungkan tindak balas asas dengan cara yang menjadikannya berfungsi sebagai \"perceivers bug\". Beberapa tahun kemudian, David Hubel dan Torsten Wiesel menemui sel-sel dalam korteks visual utama monyet yang menjadi aktif apabila tepi tajam bergerak melintasi titik tertentu dalam bidang pandangan-penemuan yang mana mereka memenangi Hadiah Nobel. Kajian-kajian susulan dalam bidang visual yang lebih tinggi mendapati sel-sel yang mengesan kesenjangan, warna, pergerakan, dan aspek bentuk binokular, dengan kawasan yang terletak pada jarak yang semakin meningkat dari korteks visual utama yang menunjukkan tindak balas yang semakin kompleks. Penyiasatan lain mengenai kawasan otak yang tidak berkaitan dengan penglihatan telah menunjukkan sel-sel dengan pelbagai tindak balas yang berkaitan, beberapa berkaitan dengan ingatan, beberapa kepada jenis kognisi abstrak seperti ruang. <> Kertas saintifik, Apakah mata katak memberitahu otak katak dikeluarkan pada tahun berapa? || 1959 <> Siapa yang memenangi Hadiah Nobel untuk penemuan bahawa sel-sel dalam korteks visual monyet menjadi aktif apabila tepi tajam bergerak? || David Hubel dan Torsten Wiesel", {"qas": [{"question": "The scientific paper, What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain was released in what year?", "id": "56f978649e9bad19000a0987", "answers": [{"text": "1959", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who won a Nobel Prize for the discovery that cells in the visual cortex of monkeys become active when sharp edges move?", "id": "56f978649e9bad19000a0988", "answers": [{"text": "David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel", "answer_start": 547}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The essence of the information processing approach is to try to understand brain function in terms of information flow and implementation of algorithms. One of the most influential early contributions was a 1959 paper titled What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain: the paper examined the visual responses of neurons in the retina and optic tectum of frogs, and came to the conclusion that some neurons in the tectum of the frog are wired to combine elementary responses in a way that makes them function as \"bug perceivers\". A few years later David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel discovered cells in the primary visual cortex of monkeys that become active when sharp edges move across specific points in the field of view\u2014a discovery for which they won a Nobel Prize. Follow-up studies in higher-order visual areas found cells that detect binocular disparity, color, movement, and aspects of shape, with areas located at increasing distances from the primary visual cortex showing increasingly complex responses. Other investigations of brain areas unrelated to vision have revealed cells with a wide variety of response correlates, some related to memory, some to abstract types of cognition such as space."}], ["Kedua-dua neurotransmiter yang digunakan secara meluas dalam otak vertebrata ialah glutamat, yang hampir selalu memberikan kesan menggugurkan pada neuron sasaran, dan gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), yang hampir selalu menghambat. Neuron menggunakan pemancar ini boleh didapati di hampir setiap bahagian otak. Kerana ubiquity mereka, ubat-ubatan yang bertindak pada glutamat atau GABA cenderung mempunyai kesan luas dan berkuasa. Beberapa anestetik umum bertindak dengan mengurangkan kesan glutamat; kebanyakan penenang memberi kesan sedatif dengan meningkatkan kesan GABA. <> GABA adalah singkatan untuk apa? || gamma-aminobutyric acid <> Yang manakah antara dua neurotransmiter biasanya menghambat? || gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) <> Neurostransmitter yang biasanya merangsang sasaran dipanggil apa? || glutamat, <> Penenang penenang yang mana antara dua neurotransmiter biasa? || gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)", {"qas": [{"question": "GABA is the abbreviation for what?", "id": "56f96fee9b226e1400dd1454", "answers": [{"text": "gamma-aminobutyric acid", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of two neurotransmitters is usually inhibitory?", "id": "56f96fee9b226e1400dd1455", "answers": [{"text": "gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The neurostransmitter that usually excites targets is called what?", "id": "56f96fee9b226e1400dd1456", "answers": [{"text": "glutamate,", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Tranquilizers affect which of the two common neurotransmitters?", "id": "56f96fee9b226e1400dd1457", "answers": [{"text": "gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The two neurotransmitters that are used most widely in the vertebrate brain are glutamate, which almost always exerts excitatory effects on target neurons, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is almost always inhibitory. Neurons using these transmitters can be found in nearly every part of the brain. Because of their ubiquity, drugs that act on glutamate or GABA tend to have broad and powerful effects. Some general anesthetics act by reducing the effects of glutamate; most tranquilizers exert their sedative effects by enhancing the effects of GABA."}], ["Penciptaan komputer elektronik pada tahun 1940-an, bersama dengan perkembangan teori maklumat matematik, membawa kepada kesedaran bahawa otak berpotensi difahami sebagai sistem pemprosesan maklumat. Konsep ini membentuk asas bidang cybernetics, dan akhirnya menimbulkan bidang yang kini dikenali sebagai ilmu saraf komputasi. Percubaan terawal pada cybernetics agak kasar kerana mereka merawat otak sebagai dasarnya sebuah komputer digital yang menyamar sebagai contohnya dalam buku John von Neumann 1958, The Computer and the Brain. Walau bagaimanapun, selama bertahun-tahun, pengumpulan maklumat mengenai tindak balas elektrik sel-sel otak yang direkodkan dari berkelakuan haiwan telah memindahkan konsep-konsep teoritis ke arah peningkatan realisme. <> Komputer dicipta dalam dekad apa dalam sejarah? || 1940-an <> Neurosains berpunca daripada bidang ilmu sains dalam sejarah? || cybernetics <> Siapa yang menulis buku, The Computer and the Brain? || John von Neumann's <> Ketika buku John von Neumann, The Computer dan the Brain diterbitkan? || 1958", {"qas": [{"question": "Computers were invented in what decade in history?", "id": "56f976429b226e1400dd1470", "answers": [{"text": "1940s", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Neuroscience spawned from what field of science in history?", "id": "56f976429b226e1400dd1471", "answers": [{"text": "cybernetics", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the book, The Computer and the Brain?", "id": "56f976429b226e1400dd1472", "answers": [{"text": "John von Neumann's", "answer_start": 504}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was John von Neumann's book, The Computer and the Brain published?", "id": "56f976429b226e1400dd1473", "answers": [{"text": "1958", "answer_start": 523}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The invention of electronic computers in the 1940s, along with the development of mathematical information theory, led to a realization that brains can potentially be understood as information processing systems. This concept formed the basis of the field of cybernetics, and eventually gave rise to the field now known as computational neuroscience. The earliest attempts at cybernetics were somewhat crude in that they treated the brain as essentially a digital computer in disguise, as for example in John von Neumann's 1958 book, The Computer and the Brain. Over the years, though, accumulating information about the electrical responses of brain cells recorded from behaving animals has steadily moved theoretical concepts in the direction of increasing realism."}], ["Tisu otak menggunakan sejumlah besar tenaga yang berkadar dengan jumlahnya, otak yang begitu besar menempatkan permintaan metabolik yang teruk pada haiwan. Keperluan untuk mengehadkan berat badan dalam rangka, contohnya, untuk terbang, nampaknya menyebabkan pemilihan untuk pengurangan saiz otak dalam beberapa spesies, seperti kelelawar. Kebanyakan penggunaan tenaga otak dapat memulihkan tisu elektrik (potensi membran) neuron. Spesies vertebrata kebanyakan mengabdikan antara 2% dan 8% metabolisme dasar ke otak. Namun, dalam primata, peratusannya lebih tinggi-pada manusia ia meningkat hingga 20-25%. Penggunaan tenaga otak tidak bervariasi dari masa ke masa, tetapi kawasan aktif korteks serebrum menggunakan tenaga yang lebih banyak daripada kawasan tidak aktif; ini membentuk asas untuk kaedah pencitraan otak berfungsi PET, fMRI, dan NIRS. Otak biasanya mendapat kebanyakan tenaga daripada metabolisme glukosa yang bergantung kepada oksigen (iaitu, gula darah), tetapi keton memberikan sumber alternatif utama, bersama-sama dengan sumbangan daripada asid lemak rantaian sederhana (asid kapiler dan heptanoik), laktat, asetat, dan mungkin asid amino. <> Di manakah otak biasanya mendapat kebanyakan tenaga dari dalam badan? || glukosa (iaitu, gula darah <> tenaga yang digunakan untuk metabolisme otak pada manusia adalah apa peratusan? || 20-25% <> Sumber lain daripada glukosa yang memberikan tenaga kepada otak adalah apa? || ketones <> Kebanyakan vertebrata biasanya menumpukan berapa banyak metabolisme ke otak? || 2% dan 8%", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does the brain usually get most of its energy from inside the body?", "id": "56f974f69e9bad19000a0941", "answers": [{"text": "glucose (i.e., blood sugar", "answer_start": 893}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The energy used for metabolism of the brain in humans is what percentage?", "id": "56f974f69e9bad19000a0942", "answers": [{"text": "20\u201325%", "answer_start": 559}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Other sources than glucose that provide energy to the brain are what?", "id": "56f974f69e9bad19000a0943", "answers": [{"text": "ketones", "answer_start": 926}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Most vertebrates usually devote how much metabolism to the brain?", "id": "56f974f69e9bad19000a0944", "answers": [{"text": "2% and 8%", "answer_start": 441}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Brain tissue consumes a large amount of energy in proportion to its volume, so large brains place severe metabolic demands on animals. The need to limit body weight in order, for example, to fly, has apparently led to selection for a reduction of brain size in some species, such as bats. Most of the brain's energy consumption goes into sustaining the electric charge (membrane potential) of neurons. Most vertebrate species devote between 2% and 8% of basal metabolism to the brain. In primates, however, the percentage is much higher\u2014in humans it rises to 20\u201325%. The energy consumption of the brain does not vary greatly over time, but active regions of the cerebral cortex consume somewhat more energy than inactive regions; this forms the basis for the functional brain imaging methods PET, fMRI, and NIRS. The brain typically gets most of its energy from oxygen-dependent metabolism of glucose (i.e., blood sugar), but ketones provide a major alternative source, together with contributions from medium chain fatty acids (caprylic and heptanoic acids), lactate, acetate, and possibly amino acids."}], ["Sebagai kesan sampingan proses elektrokimia yang digunakan oleh neuron untuk memberi isyarat, tisu otak menghasilkan medan elektrik apabila ia aktif. Apabila sejumlah besar neuron menunjukkan aktiviti yang disegerakkan, medan elektrik yang dihasilkannya boleh cukup besar untuk mengesan di luar tengkorak, menggunakan elektroensefalografi (EEG) atau magnetoencephalografi (MEG). Rakaman EEG, bersama-sama dengan rakaman yang dibuat daripada elektrod yang ditanam di dalam otak haiwan seperti tikus, menunjukkan bahawa otak haiwan hidup sentiasa aktif, walaupun semasa tidur. Setiap bahagian otak menunjukkan campuran aktiviti irama dan non-ritmik, yang mungkin berbeza-beza mengikut keadaan tingkah laku. Dalam mamalia, korteks serebrum cenderung untuk menunjukkan gelombang delta perlahan yang besar semasa tidur, gelombang alfa yang lebih cepat apabila haiwan itu terjaga, tetapi tidak senonoh, dan aktiviti yang tidak teratur yang menyeramkan ketika haiwan itu aktif terlibat dalam tugas. Semasa kejang epileptik, mekanisme kawalan kendalian otak gagal berfungsi dan aktiviti elektrik meningkat ke tahap patologi, menghasilkan jejak EEG yang menunjukkan corak gelombang dan spek besar yang tidak dilihat dalam otak yang sihat. Berkaitan corak peringkat penduduk ini ke fungsi-fungsi komputasi neuron individu adalah fokus utama penyelidikan semasa dalam neurofisiologi. <> EEG otak bermaksud apa? || elektroensefalografi <> MEG otak adalah singkatan dari apa? || magnetoencephalography <> Ujian jenis apa yang digunakan untuk memberitahu bahawa otak aktif walaupun semasa tidur? || EEG <> Apakah jenis gelombang otak yang dilihat dalam mamalia semasa tidur? || ombak besar delta lambat <> Apa jenis gelombang otak yang sen ketika makhluk terjaga, tetapi lalai? || gelombang alfa yang lebih cepat", {"qas": [{"question": "An EEG of the brain stands for what?", "id": "56f973599e9bad19000a0933", "answers": [{"text": "electroencephalography", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "MEG of the brain is an abbreviation of what?", "id": "56f973599e9bad19000a0934", "answers": [{"text": "magnetoencephalography", "answer_start": 323}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of test is used to tell that a brain is active even during sleep?", "id": "56f973599e9bad19000a0935", "answers": [{"text": "EEG", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of brain waves are seen in mammals during sleep?", "id": "56f973599e9bad19000a0936", "answers": [{"text": "large slow delta waves", "answer_start": 714}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of brain waves are sen when a creature is awake, but inattentive?", "id": "56f973599e9bad19000a0937", "answers": [{"text": "faster alpha waves", "answer_start": 751}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As a side effect of the electrochemical processes used by neurons for signaling, brain tissue generates electric fields when it is active. When large numbers of neurons show synchronized activity, the electric fields that they generate can be large enough to detect outside the skull, using electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG). EEG recordings, along with recordings made from electrodes implanted inside the brains of animals such as rats, show that the brain of a living animal is constantly active, even during sleep. Each part of the brain shows a mixture of rhythmic and nonrhythmic activity, which may vary according to behavioral state. In mammals, the cerebral cortex tends to show large slow delta waves during sleep, faster alpha waves when the animal is awake but inattentive, and chaotic-looking irregular activity when the animal is actively engaged in a task. During an epileptic seizure, the brain's inhibitory control mechanisms fail to function and electrical activity rises to pathological levels, producing EEG traces that show large wave and spike patterns not seen in a healthy brain. Relating these population-level patterns to the computational functions of individual neurons is a major focus of current research in neurophysiology."}], ["Projek-projek SCN ke satu set kawasan di hypothalamus, brainstem, dan orang tengah yang terlibat dalam melaksanakan kitaran tidur-bangun. Komponen penting dalam sistem ini adalah pembentukan reticular, sekumpulan kelompok-kelompok neuron yang tersebar luas melalui inti otak bawah. Neuron reticular menghantar isyarat kepada thalamus, yang seterusnya menghantar isyarat pengendalian tahap-tahap ke setiap bahagian korteks. Kerosakan kepada pembentukan retikular boleh menyebabkan keadaan koma kekal. <> Sekumpulan kelompok neuron yang bertaburan di inti otak bawah disebut apa? || pembentukan retikular <> Reticular neurons pemindahan isyarat kepada bahagian otak apa? || thalamus <> Kerosakan kepada pembentukan retikular boleh menyebabkan apa? || keadaan coma <> SCN memindahkan isyarat kepada satu set kawasan yang melaksanakan apa? || kitaran tidur-bangun.", {"qas": [{"question": "A group of neuron-clusters scattered in the core of the lower brain is called what?", "id": "56f984f59e9bad19000a0a0b", "answers": [{"text": "the reticular formation", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Reticular neurons transfer signals to what part of the brain?", "id": "56f984f59e9bad19000a0a0c", "answers": [{"text": "the thalamus", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Damage to the reticular formation can cause what?", "id": "56f984f59e9bad19000a0a0d", "answers": [{"text": "state of coma", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The SCN transfers signals to a set of areas that implement what?", "id": "56f984f59e9bad19000a0a0e", "answers": [{"text": "sleep-wake cycles.", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the thalamus, which in turn sends activity-level-controlling signals to every part of the cortex. Damage to the reticular formation can produce a permanent state of coma."}], ["Di samping semua perkara di atas, otak dan saraf tunjang mengandungi litar yang luas untuk mengawal sistem saraf autonomi, yang berfungsi dengan menyusun hormon dan dengan memodulasi otot \"halus\" usus. Sistem saraf autonomik menjejaskan kadar jantung, penghadaman, kadar pernafasan, penyembuhan, peluh, kencing, dan rangsangan seksual, dan beberapa proses lain. Kebanyakan fungsinya tidak berada di bawah kawalan sukarela langsung. <> Otak dan saraf tunjang bekerja bersama untuk mengawal sistem tubuh apa? || sistem saraf autonomik <> Sistem apa yang di dalam badan mengawal kadar denyutan jantung? || Sistem saraf autonomik <> Apakah sistem dalam badan mengawal air liur? || Sistem saraf autonomik <> Kebanyakan proses sistem saraf autonomi dipanggil apa? || tidak di bawah kawalan sukarela langsung <> Sistem mana dalam badan mengawal kencing? || Sistem saraf autonomi", {"qas": [{"question": "The brain and spinal cord work together to control what system of the body?", "id": "56f981a79b226e1400dd14d5", "answers": [{"text": "autonomic nervous system", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What system in the body controls heart rate?", "id": "56f981a79b226e1400dd14d6", "answers": [{"text": "autonomic nervous system", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What system in the body controls salivation?", "id": "56f981a79b226e1400dd14d7", "answers": [{"text": "autonomic nervous system", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Most of the processes of the autonomic nervous system are called what?", "id": "56f981a79b226e1400dd14d8", "answers": [{"text": "not under direct voluntary control", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which system in the body controls urination?", "id": "56f981a79b226e1400dd14d9", "answers": [{"text": "The autonomic nervous system", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In addition to all of the above, the brain and spinal cord contain extensive circuitry to control the autonomic nervous system, which works by secreting hormones and by modulating the \"smooth\" muscles of the gut. The autonomic nervous system affects heart rate, digestion, respiration rate, salivation, perspiration, urination, and sexual arousal, and several other processes. Most of its functions are not under direct voluntary control."}], ["Sistem motor adalah kawasan otak yang secara langsung atau tidak langsung terlibat dalam menghasilkan gerakan badan, iaitu, dalam mengaktifkan otot. Kecuali otot yang mengawal mata, yang didorong oleh nukleus di tengah otak, semua otot sukarela di dalam badan secara langsung disedari oleh neuron motor di dalam saraf tunjang dan hindbrain. Neuron motor tulang belakang dikendalikan oleh litar neural intrinsik kepada saraf tunjang, dan dengan input yang turun dari otak. Litar tulang belakang intrinsik melaksanakan banyak tindak balas refleks, dan mengandungi penjana corak untuk pergerakan berirama seperti berjalan atau berenang. Sambungan turun dari otak membolehkan kawalan yang lebih canggih. <> Apakah bahagian badan dikawal oleh nuklei di tengah orang tengah? || mata, <> Semua otot yang dikendalikan oleh neuron motor di dalam badan dikawal oleh apa? || saraf tunjang dan hindbrain", {"qas": [{"question": "What part of the body is controlled by nuclei in the midbrain?", "id": "56f97f669e9bad19000a09d5", "answers": [{"text": "the eye,", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "All the muscles controlled by motor neurons in the body are controlled by what?", "id": "56f97f669e9bad19000a09d6", "answers": [{"text": "spinal cord and hindbrain", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Motor systems are areas of the brain that are directly or indirectly involved in producing body movements, that is, in activating muscles. Except for the muscles that control the eye, which are driven by nuclei in the midbrain, all the voluntary muscles in the body are directly innervated by motor neurons in the spinal cord and hindbrain. Spinal motor neurons are controlled both by neural circuits intrinsic to the spinal cord, and by inputs that descend from the brain. The intrinsic spinal circuits implement many reflex responses, and contain pattern generators for rhythmic movements such as walking or swimming. The descending connections from the brain allow for more sophisticated control."}], ["Bagi mana-mana haiwan, hidup memerlukan mengekalkan pelbagai parameter keadaan tubuh dalam pelbagai variasi yang terhad: ini termasuk suhu, kandungan air, kepekatan garam dalam aliran darah, paras glukosa darah, tahap oksigen darah, dan lain-lain. Keupayaan haiwan untuk mengawal selia persekitaran dalaman badannya-milieu int\u00e9rieur, sebagai ahli fisiologi perintis Claude Bernard memanggilnya-dikenali sebagai homeostasis (Greek untuk \"berdiri diam\"). Mengekalkan homeostasis adalah fungsi penting otak. Prinsip asas yang mendasari homeostasis adalah maklum balas negatif: bila-bila masa parameter menyimpang dari set-point, sensor menghasilkan isyarat ralat yang membangkitkan respons yang menyebabkan parameter beralih kembali ke nilai optimumnya. (Prinsip ini digunakan secara meluas dalam kejuruteraan, contohnya dalam mengawal suhu menggunakan termostat.) <> Homeostasis ditakrifkan sebagai apa? || Keupayaan haiwan mengawal persekitaran dalaman badannya <> Homeostasis adalah bahasa Yunani untuk frasa apa? || \"berdiri diam\" <> Istilah interieur yang digunakan oleh ahli fisiologi? || Claude Bernard <> Homeostasis adalah seperti alat rumah tangga? || termostat.", {"qas": [{"question": "Homeostasis is defined as what?", "id": "56f986479e9bad19000a0a27", "answers": [{"text": "The ability of an animal to regulate the internal environment of its body", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Homeostasis is Greek for what phrase?", "id": "56f986479e9bad19000a0a28", "answers": [{"text": "\"standing still\"", "answer_start": 441}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The milieu interieur term was used by what physiologist?", "id": "56f986479e9bad19000a0a29", "answers": [{"text": "Claude Bernard", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Homeostasis is like what household tool?", "id": "56f986479e9bad19000a0a2a", "answers": [{"text": "a thermostat.", "answer_start": 856}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "For any animal, survival requires maintaining a variety of parameters of bodily state within a limited range of variation: these include temperature, water content, salt concentration in the bloodstream, blood glucose levels, blood oxygen level, and others. The ability of an animal to regulate the internal environment of its body\u2014the milieu int\u00e9rieur, as pioneering physiologist Claude Bernard called it\u2014is known as homeostasis (Greek for \"standing still\"). Maintaining homeostasis is a crucial function of the brain. The basic principle that underlies homeostasis is negative feedback: any time a parameter diverges from its set-point, sensors generate an error signal that evokes a response that causes the parameter to shift back toward its optimum value. (This principle is widely used in engineering, for example in the control of temperature using a thermostat.)"}], ["Komponen utama sistem rangsangan adalah nukleus suprachiasmatic (SCN), sebahagian kecil daripada hipotalamus yang terletak di atas titik di mana saraf optik dari kedua-dua mata salib. SCN mengandungi jam biologi pusat badan. Neuron di sana menunjukkan tahap aktiviti yang meningkat dan jatuh dengan tempoh kira-kira 24 jam, irama sirkadian: turun naik aktiviti ini didorong oleh perubahan berirama dalam ungkapan satu set \"gen jam\". SCN terus mengekalkan masa walaupun ia dikeluarkan dari otak dan dimasukkan ke dalam hidangan penyelesaian hara yang hangat, tetapi ia biasanya menerima input dari saraf optik, melalui saluran retinohypothalamic (RHT), yang membolehkan kitaran cahaya gelap setiap hari mengalibkan jam. <> SCN sistem saraf adalah singkatan untuk apa? || nukleus suprachiasmatic <> Nukleus suprachiasmatic adalah sebahagian kecil dari bahagian otak apa? || hipotalamus <> Bahagian bahagian mana dari sistem gairah mengawal jam biologi tubuh? || nukleus suprachiasmatic <> RHT adalah singkatan untuk apa? || retinohypothalamic <> SCN menerima maklumat dari saraf optik melalui apa? || saluran retinohypothalamic (RHT", {"qas": [{"question": "The SCN of the nervous system is an abbreviation for what?", "id": "56f984649b226e1400dd14f2", "answers": [{"text": "suprachiasmatic nucleus", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The suprachiasmatic nucleus is a small part of what part of the brain?", "id": "56f984649b226e1400dd14f3", "answers": [{"text": "the hypothalamus", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which part of the arousal system controls the body's biological clock?", "id": "56f984649b226e1400dd14f4", "answers": [{"text": "the suprachiasmatic nucleus", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The RHT is an abbreviation for what?", "id": "56f984649b226e1400dd14f5", "answers": [{"text": "retinohypothalamic tract", "answer_start": 636}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "THE SCN receives information from the optic nerves through what?", "id": "56f984649b226e1400dd14f6", "answers": [{"text": "the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT", "answer_start": 632}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A key component of the arousal system is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a tiny part of the hypothalamus located directly above the point at which the optic nerves from the two eyes cross. The SCN contains the body's central biological clock. Neurons there show activity levels that rise and fall with a period of about 24 hours, circadian rhythms: these activity fluctuations are driven by rhythmic changes in expression of a set of \"clock genes\". The SCN continues to keep time even if it is excised from the brain and placed in a dish of warm nutrient solution, but it ordinarily receives input from the optic nerves, through the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT), that allows daily light-dark cycles to calibrate the clock."}], ["Setiap sistem deria bermula dengan sel reseptor khusus, seperti neuron ringan yang menerima retina mata, neuron yang sensitif pada getah di koklea telinga, atau neuron sensitif tekanan pada kulit. Akson sel-sel reseptor sensori bergerak ke dalam saraf tunjang atau otak, di mana mereka menghantar isyarat mereka ke nukleus sensori urutan pertama yang didedikasikan untuk satu sifat deria tertentu. Nukleus sensori utama ini menghantar maklumat ke kawasan deria pesanan tinggi yang didedikasikan untuk modaliti yang sama. Akhirnya, melalui stesen jalan di thalamus, isyarat dihantar ke korteks serebrum, di mana ia diproses untuk mengekstrak ciri-ciri berkaitan biologi, dan disepadukan dengan isyarat yang datang dari sistem deria lain. <> Neuron ringan menerima di mana bahagian mata? || retina <> Neuron sensitif getar ditemui di bahagian telinga apa? || isyarat koklea dihantar dari thalamus ke bahagian otak apa? || korteks serebrum", {"qas": [{"question": "Light-receptive neurons are located in what part of the eye?", "id": "56f97f299b226e1400dd14c5", "answers": [{"text": "retina", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Vibration-sensitive neurons are found in what part of the ear?", "id": "56f97f299b226e1400dd14c6", "answers": [{"text": "cochlea", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Signals are sent from the thalamus to what part of the brain?", "id": "56f97f299b226e1400dd14c7", "answers": [{"text": "cerebral cortex", "answer_start": 594}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Each sensory system begins with specialized receptor cells, such as light-receptive neurons in the retina of the eye, vibration-sensitive neurons in the cochlea of the ear, or pressure-sensitive neurons in the skin. The axons of sensory receptor cells travel into the spinal cord or brain, where they transmit their signals to a first-order sensory nucleus dedicated to one specific sensory modality. This primary sensory nucleus sends information to higher-order sensory areas that are dedicated to the same modality. Eventually, via a way-station in the thalamus, the signals are sent to the cerebral cortex, where they are processed to extract biologically relevant features, and integrated with signals coming from other sensory systems."}], ["Tidur melibatkan perubahan besar dalam aktiviti otak. Sehingga tahun 1950-an ia secara umumnya percaya bahawa otak pada dasarnya ditutup semasa tidur, tetapi ini sekarang diketahui jauh dari kebenaran; aktiviti berterusan, tetapi corak menjadi sangat berbeza. Terdapat dua jenis tidur: tidur REM (dengan bermimpi) dan NREM (bukan REM, biasanya tanpa bermimpi) tidur, yang berulang dalam corak yang sedikit berbeza-beza sepanjang episod tidur. Tiga jenis corak aktiviti otak yang berbeza boleh diukur: REM, NREM cahaya dan NREM yang dalam. Semasa tidur NREM yang dalam, juga dipanggil tidur gelombang lambat, aktiviti dalam korteks mengambil bentuk gelombang diselaraskan besar, sedangkan dalam keadaan terbangun ia berisik dan tidak disegerakkan. Tahap neurotransmitter norepinephrine dan penurunan serotonin semasa tidur gelombang perlahan, dan jatuh hampir kepada sifar semasa tidur REM; Tahap acetylcholine menunjukkan corak terbalik. <> Terdapat dua jenis tidur yang dipanggil apa? || Tidur REM (dengan bermimpi) dan NREM <> Apa jenis tidur yang melibatkan bermimpi? || REM tidur <> Ketiga jenis aktiviti otak yang boleh diukur adalah apa? || REM, NREM cahaya dan NREM mendalam <> Tidur gelombang perlahan juga dikenali sebagai apa? || tidur NREM yang mendalam <> Semasa tidur apa tahap serotonin dan tahap norepinephrine jatuh? || tidur gelombang perlahan", {"qas": [{"question": "There are two types of sleep called what?", "id": "56f9859b9e9bad19000a0a1d", "answers": [{"text": "REM sleep (with dreaming) and NREM", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of sleep involves dreaming?", "id": "56f9859b9e9bad19000a0a1e", "answers": [{"text": "REM sleep", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The three types of brain activity that can be measured are what?", "id": "56f9859b9e9bad19000a0a1f", "answers": [{"text": "REM, light NREM and deep NREM", "answer_start": 489}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Slow wave sleep is also known as what?", "id": "56f9859b9e9bad19000a0a20", "answers": [{"text": "deep NREM sleep", "answer_start": 527}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what stage of sleep do serotonin and norepinephrine levels drop?", "id": "56f9859b9e9bad19000a0a21", "answers": [{"text": "slow wave sleep", "answer_start": 773}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Sleep involves great changes in brain activity. Until the 1950s it was generally believed that the brain essentially shuts off during sleep, but this is now known to be far from true; activity continues, but patterns become very different. There are two types of sleep: REM sleep (with dreaming) and NREM (non-REM, usually without dreaming) sleep, which repeat in slightly varying patterns throughout a sleep episode. Three broad types of distinct brain activity patterns can be measured: REM, light NREM and deep NREM. During deep NREM sleep, also called slow wave sleep, activity in the cortex takes the form of large synchronized waves, whereas in the waking state it is noisy and desynchronized. Levels of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin drop during slow wave sleep, and fall almost to zero during REM sleep; levels of acetylcholine show the reverse pattern."}], ["Otak mengandungi beberapa kawasan motor yang memproyeksikan secara langsung ke saraf tunjang. Di peringkat terendah adalah kawasan motor di medulla dan pon, yang mengawal pergerakan stereotip seperti berjalan, bernafas, atau menelan. Pada tahap yang lebih tinggi adalah kawasan di tengah otak, seperti nukleus merah, yang bertanggungjawab untuk menyelaraskan pergerakan tangan dan kaki. Pada tahap yang lebih tinggi lagi adalah korteks motor utama, jalur tisu yang terletak di pinggir posterior lobus frontal. Korteks motor utama menghantar unjuran ke kawasan motor subkortal, tetapi juga menghantar unjuran besar secara terus ke kord tunjang, melalui saluran piramid. Unjuran kortikospinal ini membolehkan kawalan sukarela yang tepat untuk butiran pergerakan halus. Kawasan otak yang berkaitan dengan motor lain memberi kesan sekunder dengan memproyeksikan kawasan motor utama. Antara kawasan sekunder yang penting ialah korteks premier, ganglia basal, dan cerebellum. <> Mana kawasan motor di mana otak mengawal pernafasan dan menelan? || medulla dan pons, <> Pada peringkat terendah otak dan saraf tunjang, apa bidang? || medulla dan pons <> Nukleus merah mengawal bahagian (bahagian) badan? || menyelaraskan pergerakan lengan dan kaki <> Satu jalur tisu yang terdapat di tepi lobus frontal dipanggil apa? || korteks motor utama <> Korteks motor utama menghantar isyarat ke kord rahim melalui apa? || saluran piramida.", {"qas": [{"question": "Which motor areas of the brain control breathing and swallowing?", "id": "56f9808b9e9bad19000a09e3", "answers": [{"text": "the medulla and pons,", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At the lowest level of the brain and spinal cord, are what areas?", "id": "56f9808b9e9bad19000a09e4", "answers": [{"text": "the medulla and pons", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The red nucleus controls what part(s) of the body?", "id": "56f9808b9e9bad19000a09e5", "answers": [{"text": "coordinating movements of the arms and legs", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A strip of tissue found at the edge of the frontal lobe is called what?", "id": "56f9808b9e9bad19000a09e6", "answers": [{"text": "primary motor cortex", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The primary motor cortex sends signals to the spinal cord through what?", "id": "56f9808b9e9bad19000a09e7", "answers": [{"text": "pyramidal tract.", "answer_start": 633}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coordinating movements of the arms and legs. At a higher level yet is the primary motor cortex, a strip of tissue located at the posterior edge of the frontal lobe. The primary motor cortex sends projections to the subcortical motor areas, but also sends a massive projection directly to the spinal cord, through the pyramidal tract. This direct corticospinal projection allows for precise voluntary control of the fine details of movements. Other motor-related brain areas exert secondary effects by projecting to the primary motor areas. Among the most important secondary areas are the premotor cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum."}], ["Kebanyakan organisma yang dikaji sehingga kini menggunakan mekanisme hukuman-ganjaran: misalnya, cacing dan serangga dapat mengubah tingkah laku mereka untuk mencari sumber makanan atau untuk mengelakkan bahaya. Dalam vertebrata, sistem hukuman-hukuman dilaksanakan oleh set struktur otak tertentu, di mana terletak ganglia basal, satu set kawasan yang saling berkait di dasar forebrain. Terdapat bukti besar bahawa ganglia basal adalah tapak pusat di mana keputusan dibuat: ganglia basal memberikan kawalan kendali berterusan terhadap kebanyakan sistem motor di otak; apabila perencatan ini dilepaskan, sistem motor dibenarkan untuk melaksanakan tindakan yang diprogramkan untuk dilaksanakan. Ganjaran dan hukuman dihukum dengan mengubah hubungan antara input yang diterima ganglia basal dan isyarat keputusan yang dipancarkan. Mekanisme ganjaran lebih baik dipahami daripada mekanisme hukuman, karena perannya dalam penyalahgunaan narkoba telah menyebabkannya dikaji secara intensif. Penyelidikan telah menunjukkan bahawa dopamine neurotransmitter memainkan peranan utama: ubat-ubatan ketagihan seperti kokain, amphetamine, dan nikotin sama ada menyebabkan tahap dopamine meningkat atau menyebabkan kesan dopamin di dalam otak ditingkatkan. <> Satu set kawasan yang saling berkait di pangkal forebrain dipanggil apa? || ganglia basal <> Ganglia basal dianggap sebagai lokasi pusat di mana yang dibuat? || keputusan <> Yang neurotransmitter memainkan peranan yang besar dalam penyalahgunaan dadah? || dopamin <> Antara sistem, ganjaran atau hukuman yang manakah yang lebih baik difahami? || Mekanisme ganjaran", {"qas": [{"question": "A set of interconnected areas at the base of the forebrain is called what?", "id": "56f987c59b226e1400dd1524", "answers": [{"text": "basal ganglia", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The basal ganglia is thought to be the central location at which what are made?", "id": "56f987c59b226e1400dd1525", "answers": [{"text": "decisions", "answer_start": 456}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which neurotransmitter plays a large role in drug abuse?", "id": "56f987c59b226e1400dd1526", "answers": [{"text": "dopamine", "answer_start": 1041}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of the two systems, reward or punishment is better understood?", "id": "56f987c59b226e1400dd1527", "answers": [{"text": "The reward mechanism", "answer_start": 846}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Most organisms studied to date utilize a reward\u2013punishment mechanism: for instance, worms and insects can alter their behavior to seek food sources or to avoid dangers. In vertebrates, the reward-punishment system is implemented by a specific set of brain structures, at the heart of which lie the basal ganglia, a set of interconnected areas at the base of the forebrain. There is substantial evidence that the basal ganglia are the central site at which decisions are made: the basal ganglia exert a sustained inhibitory control over most of the motor systems in the brain; when this inhibition is released, a motor system is permitted to execute the action it is programmed to carry out. Rewards and punishments function by altering the relationship between the inputs that the basal ganglia receive and the decision-signals that are emitted. The reward mechanism is better understood than the punishment mechanism, because its role in drug abuse has caused it to be studied very intensively. Research has shown that the neurotransmitter dopamine plays a central role: addictive drugs such as cocaine, amphetamine, and nicotine either cause dopamine levels to rise or cause the effects of dopamine inside the brain to be enhanced."}], ["Dalam vertebrata, bahagian otak yang memainkan peranan paling besar ialah hipothalamus, sebuah rantau kecil di dasar forebrain yang ukurannya tidak mencerminkan kerumitannya atau pentingnya fungsinya. Hypothalamus adalah koleksi nukleus kecil, yang kebanyakannya terlibat dalam fungsi biologi asas. Sebahagian daripada fungsi ini berkaitan dengan gairah atau interaksi sosial seperti seksualiti, pencerobohan, atau tingkah laku ibu; tetapi kebanyakannya berkaitan dengan homeostasis. Beberapa nukleus hipotalamik menerima masukan dari sensor yang terletak di lapisan saluran darah, menyampaikan maklumat mengenai suhu, paras natrium, paras glukosa, paras oksigen darah, dan parameter lain. Nukleus hipotalamik ini menghantar isyarat output ke kawasan motor yang boleh menghasilkan tindakan untuk membetulkan kekurangan. Sesetengah output juga pergi ke kelenjar pituitari, kelenjar kecil yang melekat pada otak langsung di bawah hipotalamus. Kelenjar pituitari menyusun hormon ke dalam aliran darah, di mana mereka mengedarkan seluruh tubuh dan mendorong perubahan dalam aktiviti selular. <> Hypothalamus terletak di dasar apa? || forebrain <> Dalam vertebrata, bahagian paling penting dalam otak adalah apa? || hipotalamus, <> Satu koleksi nukleus kecil di pangkal forebrain dipanggil apa? || hipotalamus, <> Kelenjar langsung di bawah hipotalamus ialah kelenjar? || kelenjar pituitari <> Kelenjar pituitari menghantar hormon melalui apa yang ada di dalam badan? || aliran darah", {"qas": [{"question": "The hypothalamus is located at the base of what?", "id": "56f986ed9b226e1400dd1510", "answers": [{"text": "the forebrain", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In vertebrates, the most important part of the brain is what?", "id": "56f986ed9b226e1400dd1511", "answers": [{"text": "the hypothalamus,", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A collection of small nuclei at the base of the forebrain is called what?", "id": "56f986ed9b226e1400dd1512", "answers": [{"text": "the hypothalamus,", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The gland directly underneath the hypothalamus is which gland?", "id": "56f986ed9b226e1400dd1513", "answers": [{"text": "the pituitary gland", "answer_start": 830}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The pituitary gland sends hormones through what in the body?", "id": "56f986ed9b226e1400dd1514", "answers": [{"text": "the bloodstream", "answer_start": 967}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In vertebrates, the part of the brain that plays the greatest role is the hypothalamus, a small region at the base of the forebrain whose size does not reflect its complexity or the importance of its function. The hypothalamus is a collection of small nuclei, most of which are involved in basic biological functions. Some of these functions relate to arousal or to social interactions such as sexuality, aggression, or maternal behaviors; but many of them relate to homeostasis. Several hypothalamic nuclei receive input from sensors located in the lining of blood vessels, conveying information about temperature, sodium level, glucose level, blood oxygen level, and other parameters. These hypothalamic nuclei send output signals to motor areas that can generate actions to rectify deficiencies. Some of the outputs also go to the pituitary gland, a tiny gland attached to the brain directly underneath the hypothalamus. The pituitary gland secretes hormones into the bloodstream, where they circulate throughout the body and induce changes in cellular activity."}], ["Ahli falsafah awal dibahagikan sama ada tempat duduk jiwa terletak pada otak atau jantung. Aristoteles menyukai hati, dan berfikir bahawa fungsi otak hanyalah untuk menyejukkan darah. Democritus, pencipta teori atom perkara, berhujah untuk jiwa tiga bahagian, dengan intelek di kepala, emosi di hati, dan nafsu dekat hati. Hippocrates, \"bapa perubatan\", turun dengan tegas memihak kepada otak. Dalam risalahnya tentang epilepsi ia menulis: <> Meterai jiwa itu dibahaskan untuk berbohong dalam apa dua organ tubuh? || otak atau jantung. <> Aristotle menganggap jiwa berbohong dalam organ apa? || hati <> Siapa yang mencipta teori atom perkara? || Democritus, <> \"Bapa perubatan\" adalah nama yang diberikan kepada siapa dalam sejarah? || Hippocrates <> Apa falsafah dalam sejarah membantah jiwa tiga bahagian? || Democritus", {"qas": [{"question": "The seal of the soul was debated to lie in what two organs of the body?", "id": "56f98e239b226e1400dd155e", "answers": [{"text": "brain or heart.", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aristotle thought the soul lied in what organ?", "id": "56f98e239b226e1400dd155f", "answers": [{"text": "the heart", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who invented the atomic theory of matter?", "id": "56f98e239b226e1400dd1560", "answers": [{"text": "Democritus,", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The \"father of medicine\" is a name given to whom in history?", "id": "56f98e239b226e1400dd1561", "answers": [{"text": "Hippocrates", "answer_start": 359}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What philosopher in history argued for a three-part soul?", "id": "56f98e239b226e1400dd1562", "answers": [{"text": "Democritus", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Early philosophers were divided as to whether the seat of the soul lies in the brain or heart. Aristotle favored the heart, and thought that the function of the brain was merely to cool the blood. Democritus, the inventor of the atomic theory of matter, argued for a three-part soul, with intellect in the head, emotion in the heart, and lust near the liver. Hippocrates, the \"father of medicine\", came down unequivocally in favor of the brain. In his treatise on epilepsy he wrote:"}], ["Otak tertua yang telah ditemui adalah di Armenia di kompleks gua Areni-1. Otak, yang dianggarkan lebih 5,000 tahun, ditemui dalam tengkorak seorang gadis berusia 12 hingga 14 tahun. Walaupun otak terputus, mereka dipelihara dengan baik kerana iklim yang terdapat di dalam gua itu. <> Di manakah otak tertua yang dijumpai? || Armenia <> Berapa lama otak tertua ditemui dianggap? || lebih dari 5,000 tahun <> Otak yang paling tua diketahui ditemui dalam berapa umur seseorang? || 12 hingga 14 tahun <> Otak tertua yang terdapat di dalam gua adalah dari jenis jantina manusia? || gadis", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was the oldest brain that was found?", "id": "56f98c609e9bad19000a0a99", "answers": [{"text": "Armenia", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How old was the oldest brain discovered thought to be?", "id": "56f98c609e9bad19000a0a9a", "answers": [{"text": "over 5,000 years old", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The oldest known brain discovered was found in how old of a person?", "id": "56f98c609e9bad19000a0a9b", "answers": [{"text": "12 to 14-year-old", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The oldest brain found in a cave was from what gender of human?", "id": "56f98c609e9bad19000a0a9c", "answers": [{"text": "girl", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The oldest brain to have been discovered was in Armenia in the Areni-1 cave complex. The brain, estimated to be over 5,000 years old, was found in the skull of a 12 to 14-year-old girl. Although the brains were shriveled, they were well preserved due to the climate found inside the cave."}], ["Tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini telah melihat peningkatan penggunaan teknik genetik dan genom untuk mengkaji otak dan memberi tumpuan kepada peranan faktor neurotropik dan aktiviti fizikal dalam neuroplasticity. Subjek yang paling biasa adalah tikus, kerana adanya alat-alat teknikal. Ia kini mungkin dengan mudah untuk \"mengetuk\" atau memetik pelbagai jenis gen, dan kemudian memeriksa kesan-kesan fungsi otak. Pendekatan yang lebih canggih juga digunakan: contohnya, menggunakan penggabungan Cre-Lox adalah mungkin untuk mengaktifkan atau menyahaktifkan gen dalam bahagian tertentu otak, pada masa tertentu. <> Apakah subjek ujian yang paling biasa untuk mengkaji otak? || tikus", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the most common test subjects for studying of the brain?", "id": "56f98c0d9e9bad19000a0a97", "answers": [{"text": "mice", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Recent years have seen increasing applications of genetic and genomic techniques to the study of the brain  and a focus on the roles of neurotrophic factors and physical activity in neuroplasticity. The most common subjects are mice, because of the availability of technical tools. It is now possible with relative ease to \"knock out\" or mutate a wide variety of genes, and then examine the effects on brain function. More sophisticated approaches are also being used: for example, using Cre-Lox recombination it is possible to activate or deactivate genes in specific parts of the brain, at specific times."}], ["Neurosains komputasi merangkumi dua pendekatan: pertama, penggunaan komputer untuk belajar otak; Kedua, kajian bagaimana otak melakukan pengiraan. Di satu pihak, adalah mungkin untuk menulis program komputer untuk mensimulasikan operasi kumpulan neuron dengan menggunakan sistem persamaan yang menggambarkan aktiviti elektrokimia mereka; simulasi sedemikian dikenali sebagai rangkaian saraf realistik biologi. Di sisi lain, adalah mungkin untuk mengkaji algoritma untuk pengiraan neural dengan mensimulasikan, atau menganalisis secara matematik, operasi \"unit\" yang dipermudahkan yang mempunyai beberapa sifat neuron tetapi menimbulkan banyak kerumitan biologi mereka. Fungsi-fungsi komputasi otak dipelajari oleh saintis komputer dan pakar neurologi. <> Neurosains komputasi berkenaan dengan apa yang dua kajian? || penggunaan komputer untuk belajar otak; Kedua, kajian bagaimana otak melakukan pengiraan.", {"qas": [{"question": "Computational neuroscience is concerned with what two studies?", "id": "56f98b7f9e9bad19000a0a95", "answers": [{"text": "the use of computers to study the brain; second, the study of how brains perform computation.", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Computational neuroscience encompasses two approaches: first, the use of computers to study the brain; second, the study of how brains perform computation. On one hand, it is possible to write a computer program to simulate the operation of a group of neurons by making use of systems of equations that describe their electrochemical activity; such simulations are known as biologically realistic neural networks. On the other hand, it is possible to study algorithms for neural computation by simulating, or mathematically analyzing, the operations of simplified \"units\" that have some of the properties of neurons but abstract out much of their biological complexity. The computational functions of the brain are studied both by computer scientists and neuroscientists."}], ["Doktor Roman, Galen juga berhujah tentang kepentingan otak, dan menilai secara mendalam tentang bagaimana ia berfungsi. Galen mengesan hubungan anatomi antara otak, saraf, dan otot, menunjukkan bahawa semua otot di dalam badan disambungkan ke otak melalui rangkaian saraf yang bercabang. Dia menganggap bahawa saraf mengaktifkan otot secara mekanik dengan membawa bahan misterius yang dipanggil pneumata psychikon, yang biasanya diterjemahkan sebagai \"semangat hewan\". Idea Galen diketahui secara meluas pada Zaman Pertengahan, tetapi tidak banyak kemajuan yang berlanjutan sehingga Renaissance, apabila kajian anatomi terperinci disambung semula, digabungkan dengan spekulasi teoritis Ren\u00e9 Descartes dan orang-orang yang mengikutinya. Descartes, seperti Galen, memikirkan sistem saraf dalam istilah hidraulik. Beliau percaya bahawa fungsi kognitif tertinggi dijalankan oleh cogitans bukan fizikal, tetapi bahawa kebanyakan tingkah laku manusia, dan semua tingkah laku haiwan, dapat dijelaskan secara mekanikal. <> Doktor Galen berasal dari negara mana dalam sejarah? || Roman <> Apa tempoh dalam sejarah kajian anatomi tentang saraf yang sangat meningkat? || the Renaissance <> Who created the term pneumata psychikon? || Doktor Roman Galen <> Penumata psychikon biasanya diterjemahkan sebagai apa? || semangat haiwan", {"qas": [{"question": "The physician Galen was from which country in history?", "id": "56f98eb09e9bad19000a0abf", "answers": [{"text": "Roman", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What period in history was anatomical  studies of nerves greatly increased?", "id": "56f98eb09e9bad19000a0ac0", "answers": [{"text": "the Renaissance", "answer_start": 571}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who coined the term pneumata psychikon?", "id": "56f98eb09e9bad19000a0ac1", "answers": [{"text": "The Roman physician Galen", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Penumata psychikon is usually translated as what?", "id": "56f98eb09e9bad19000a0ac2", "answers": [{"text": "animal spirits", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Roman physician Galen also argued for the importance of the brain, and theorized in some depth about how it might work. Galen traced out the anatomical relationships among brain, nerves, and muscles, demonstrating that all muscles in the body are connected to the brain through a branching network of nerves. He postulated that nerves activate muscles mechanically by carrying a mysterious substance he called pneumata psychikon, usually translated as \"animal spirits\". Galen's ideas were widely known during the Middle Ages, but not much further progress came until the Renaissance, when detailed anatomical study resumed, combined with the theoretical speculations of Ren\u00e9 Descartes and those who followed him. Descartes, like Galen, thought of the nervous system in hydraulic terms. He believed that the highest cognitive functions are carried out by a non-physical res cogitans, but that the majority of behaviors of humans, and all behaviors of animals, could be explained mechanistically."}], ["Satu lagi pendekatan untuk fungsi otak adalah untuk mengkaji akibat kerosakan pada kawasan otak tertentu. Walaupun ia dilindungi oleh tengkorak dan meninges, dikelilingi oleh cecair serebrospinal, dan terpencil dari aliran darah oleh penghalang otak darah, sifat halus otak menjadikannya terdedah kepada pelbagai penyakit dan beberapa jenis kerosakan. Pada manusia, kesan strok dan lain-lain jenis kerosakan otak telah menjadi sumber utama maklumat mengenai fungsi otak. Kerana tidak ada keupayaan untuk mengawal sifat kerosakan, namun maklumat ini sering sukar untuk ditafsirkan. Dalam kajian haiwan, yang paling sering melibatkan tikus, adalah mungkin untuk menggunakan elektrod atau bahan kimia yang disuntik di dalam negeri untuk menghasilkan corak kerosakan yang tepat dan kemudian memeriksa akibat-akibat untuk tingkah laku. <> Otak dikelilingi oleh apa jenis bendalir? || cecair cerebrospinal <> Otak dipisahkan daripada aliran darah dengan ciri apa? || halangan otak darah <> Dua struktur utama yang melindungi otak adalah apa? || tengkorak dan meninges <> Jenis penyakit apa yang sering dikaji untuk memahami kerosakan pada otak? || strok <> Apakah jenis haiwan yang paling biasa digunakan untuk mengkaji kerosakan otak? || tikus", {"qas": [{"question": "The brain is surrounded by what type of fluid?", "id": "56f98b409e9bad19000a0a8b", "answers": [{"text": "cerebrospinal fluid", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The brain is separated from the bloodstream by what feature?", "id": "56f98b409e9bad19000a0a8c", "answers": [{"text": "the blood\u2013brain barrier", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The two main structures that protect the brain are what?", "id": "56f98b409e9bad19000a0a8d", "answers": [{"text": "the skull and meninges", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of disease if often studied to understand damage to the brain?", "id": "56f98b409e9bad19000a0a8e", "answers": [{"text": "strokes", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of animal is most commonly used to study brain damage?", "id": "56f98b409e9bad19000a0a8f", "answers": [{"text": "rats", "answer_start": 664}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Another approach to brain function is to examine the consequences of damage to specific brain areas. Even though it is protected by the skull and meninges, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood\u2013brain barrier, the delicate nature of the brain makes it vulnerable to numerous diseases and several types of damage. In humans, the effects of strokes and other types of brain damage have been a key source of information about brain function. Because there is no ability to experimentally control the nature of the damage, however, this information is often difficult to interpret. In animal studies, most commonly involving rats, it is possible to use electrodes or locally injected chemicals to produce precise patterns of damage and then examine the consequences for behavior."}], ["Kaedah tertua mengkaji otak adalah anatomi, dan sehingga pertengahan abad ke-20, banyak kemajuan dalam neurosains berasal dari perkembangan noda sel yang lebih baik dan mikroskop yang lebih baik. Neuroanatomists mengkaji struktur berskala besar otak serta struktur mikroskopik neuron dan komponennya, terutamanya sinaps. Antara alat lain, mereka menggunakan banyak noda yang mendedahkan struktur, kimia, dan sambungan saraf. Dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini, perkembangan teknik imunostaining telah membenarkan siasatan neuron yang menyatakan gen tertentu. Selain itu, neuroanatomi berfungsi menggunakan teknik pencitraan perubatan untuk mengaitkan variasi dalam struktur otak manusia dengan perbezaan dalam kognisi atau tingkah laku. <> Kaedah yang paling lama mempelajari otak adalah apa? || anatomi, <> Apa yang dikaji neuroanatomis? || struktur besar otak <> Apakah jenis kajian menggunakan teknik pengimejan perubatan untuk mengaitkan perubahan dalam struktur otak? || neuroanatomy <> Sehingga abad berapa otak yang belajar kebanyakannya anatomi? || pertengahan abad ke-20,", {"qas": [{"question": "The oldest known method of studying the brain is what?", "id": "56f989e59e9bad19000a0a67", "answers": [{"text": "anatomical,", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do neuroanatomists study?", "id": "56f989e59e9bad19000a0a68", "answers": [{"text": "the large-scale structure of the brain", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of study uses medical imaging techniques to correlate changes in brain structure?", "id": "56f989e59e9bad19000a0a69", "answers": [{"text": "neuroanatomy", "answer_start": 622}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Until what century was brain studying mostly anatomical?", "id": "56f989e59e9bad19000a0a6a", "answers": [{"text": "the middle of the 20th century,", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The oldest method of studying the brain is anatomical, and until the middle of the 20th century, much of the progress in neuroscience came from the development of better cell stains and better microscopes. Neuroanatomists study the large-scale structure of the brain as well as the microscopic structure of neurons and their components, especially synapses. Among other tools, they employ a plethora of stains that reveal neural structure, chemistry, and connectivity. In recent years, the development of immunostaining techniques has allowed investigation of neurons that express specific sets of genes. Also, functional neuroanatomy uses medical imaging techniques to correlate variations in human brain structure with differences in cognition or behavior."}], ["Bidang neurosains meliputi semua pendekatan yang berusaha memahami otak dan seluruh sistem saraf. Psikologi bertujuan untuk memahami fikiran dan tingkah laku, dan neurologi adalah disiplin perubatan yang mendiagnosis dan merawat penyakit sistem saraf. Otak juga merupakan organ yang paling penting yang dipelajari dalam psikiatri, cawangan perubatan yang berfungsi untuk mengkaji, mencegah, dan merawat gangguan mental. Sains kognitif bertujuan untuk menyatukan ilmu neurosains dan psikologi dengan bidang-bidang lain yang membimbangkan diri dengan otak, seperti sains komputer (kecerdasan buatan dan bidang yang sama) dan falsafah. <> Bidang sains apa yang mempelajari otak dan sistem saraf pusat? || neurosains <> Apa bidang saintifik cuba memahami fikiran dan tingkah laku? || Psikologi <> Bidang sains apa yang berusaha untuk mendiagnosis dan merawat penyakit sistem saraf? || neurologi <> Psikiatri adalah cawangan sains yang melakukan apa? || belajar, menghalang dan merawat gangguan mental <> Sains sains kognitif bertujuan untuk bergabung dengan dua cabang sains dengan bidang lain? || neurosains dan psikologi", {"qas": [{"question": "What field of science studies the brain and the central nervous system?", "id": "56f989259e9bad19000a0a53", "answers": [{"text": "neuroscience", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What scientific field tries to understand the mind and behavior?", "id": "56f989259e9bad19000a0a54", "answers": [{"text": "Psychology", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What field of science strives to diagnose and treat diseases of the nervous system?", "id": "56f989259e9bad19000a0a55", "answers": [{"text": "neurology", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Psychiatry is the branch of science that does what?", "id": "56f989259e9bad19000a0a56", "answers": [{"text": "study, prevent, and treat mental disorders", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Cognitive science seeks to join what two branches of science with other fields?", "id": "56f989259e9bad19000a0a57", "answers": [{"text": "neuroscience and psychology", "answer_start": 451}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The field of neuroscience encompasses all approaches that seek to understand the brain and the rest of the nervous system. Psychology seeks to understand mind and behavior, and neurology is the medical discipline that diagnoses and treats diseases of the nervous system. The brain is also the most important organ studied in psychiatry, the branch of medicine that works to study, prevent, and treat mental disorders. Cognitive science seeks to unify neuroscience and psychology with other fields that concern themselves with the brain, such as computer science (artificial intelligence and similar fields) and philosophy."}], ["Hampir semua haiwan mampu mengubah suai tingkah laku mereka akibat daripada pengalaman-bahkan jenis cacing yang paling primitif. Kerana tingkah laku didorong oleh aktiviti otak, perubahan dalam tingkah laku sepatutnya sesuai dengan perubahan di dalam otak. Ahli teori yang berasal dari Santiago Ram\u00f3n y Cajal berhujah bahawa penjelasan yang paling munasabah ialah pembelajaran dan memori dinyatakan sebagai perubahan dalam hubungan sinaptik antara neuron. Sehingga tahun 1970, bagaimanapun, bukti eksperimen untuk menyokong hipotesis plastisisme sinaptik kurang. Pada tahun 1971 Tim Bliss dan Terje L\u00f8mo telah menerbitkan satu kertas mengenai fenomena yang dipanggil potensi masa panjang: kertas menunjukkan bukti jelas perubahan sinaptik yang disebabkan oleh aktiviti yang berlangsung selama sekurang-kurangnya beberapa hari. Sejak itu, kemajuan teknikal telah membuat percubaan-percubaan seperti ini lebih mudah dilakukan, dan beribu-ribu kajian telah dibuat yang telah menjelaskan mekanisme perubahan sinaptik, dan mendedahkan perubahan-perubahan sinaptik yang berasaskan aktiviti lain dalam pelbagai bidang otak, termasuk korteks serebrum, hippocampus, ganglia basal, dan cerebellum. Faktor neurotropik yang berasal dari otak (BDNF) dan aktiviti fizikal kelihatan memainkan peranan yang bermanfaat dalam proses tersebut. <> Dalam tahun apakah Tim Bliss dan Terje Lomo menyiarkan kertas kerja tentang potentiation jangka panjang? || 1971 <> BDNF adalah singkatan untuk jangka masa? || Faktor neurotropik yang diperoleh daripada otak <> Pembelajaran dan ingatan yang dinyatakan sebagai perubahan dalam sambungan sinaptik yang pertama ditakrifkan oleh siapa? || Santiago Ram\u00f3n y Cajal", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Tim Bliss and Terje Lomo publish a paper about long-term potentiation?", "id": "56f9888b9e9bad19000a0a4d", "answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 538}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "BDNF is an abbreviation for what term?", "id": "56f9888b9e9bad19000a0a4e", "answers": [{"text": "Brain-derived neurotrophic factor", "answer_start": 1097}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Learning and memory expressed as changes in the synaptic connections was first theorized by whom?", "id": "56f9888b9e9bad19000a0a4f", "answers": [{"text": "Santiago Ram\u00f3n y Cajal", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Almost all animals are capable of modifying their behavior as a result of experience\u2014even the most primitive types of worms. Because behavior is driven by brain activity, changes in behavior must somehow correspond to changes inside the brain. Theorists dating back to Santiago Ram\u00f3n y Cajal argued that the most plausible explanation is that learning and memory are expressed as changes in the synaptic connections between neurons. Until 1970, however, experimental evidence to support the synaptic plasticity hypothesis was lacking. In 1971 Tim Bliss and Terje L\u00f8mo published a paper on a phenomenon now called long-term potentiation: the paper showed clear evidence of activity-induced synaptic changes that lasted for at least several days. Since then technical advances have made these sorts of experiments much easier to carry out, and thousands of studies have been made that have clarified the mechanism of synaptic change, and uncovered other types of activity-driven synaptic change in a variety of brain areas, including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and physical activity appear to play a beneficial role in the process."}], ["Ahli neurofisiologi mengkaji sifat kimia, farmakologi dan elektrik otak: alat utama mereka adalah ubat-ubatan dan peralatan rakaman. Beribu-ribu ubat yang dibangunkan secara eksperimen menjejaskan sistem saraf, sesetengahnya dengan cara yang sangat spesifik. Rakaman aktiviti otak boleh dibuat menggunakan elektrod, sama ada terpaku pada kulit kepala seperti dalam kajian EEG, atau ditanamkan di dalam otak haiwan untuk rakaman ekstraselular, yang dapat mengesan potensi tindakan yang dihasilkan oleh neuron individu. Kerana otak tidak mengandung reseptor sakit, mungkin menggunakan teknik ini untuk merekam aktivitas otak dari hewan yang terjaga dan berperilaku tanpa menyebabkan kesusahan. Teknik yang sama kadang-kadang digunakan untuk mengkaji aktiviti otak pada pesakit manusia yang mengidap epilepsi yang tidak dapat dikawal, dalam kes-kes di mana terdapat keperluan perubatan untuk memasang elektrod untuk melokalisasi kawasan otak yang bertanggungjawab untuk serangan epilepsi. Teknik pencitraan fungsional seperti pengimejan resonans magnetik berfungsi juga digunakan untuk mengkaji aktiviti otak; teknik-teknik ini telah digunakan terutamanya dengan subjek manusia, kerana mereka memerlukan subjek sedar untuk tetap tidak bergerak untuk jangka waktu yang lama, tetapi mereka memiliki kelebihan besar untuk menjadi noninvasive. <> Apa neurophysiologists belajar? || sifat kimia, farmakologi, dan elektrik otak <> Alat yang paling biasa yang digunakan neurophysiologists adalah apa? || ubat-ubatan dan peralatan rakaman <> Apakah jenis reseptor yang kekurangan otak? || reseptor kesakitan <> Electrodes sering terpaku pada apa yang seperti dalam kajian EEG? || kulit kepala", {"qas": [{"question": "What do neurophysiologists study?", "id": "56f98aa59e9bad19000a0a79", "answers": [{"text": "the chemical, pharmacological, and electrical properties of the brain", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The most common tools that neurophysiologists use are what?", "id": "56f98aa59e9bad19000a0a7a", "answers": [{"text": "drugs and recording devices", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of receptors does the brain lack?", "id": "56f98aa59e9bad19000a0a7b", "answers": [{"text": "pain receptors", "answer_start": 529}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Electrodes are often glued to what like in EEG studies?", "id": "56f98aa59e9bad19000a0a7c", "answers": [{"text": "the scalp", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Neurophysiologists study the chemical, pharmacological, and electrical properties of the brain: their primary tools are drugs and recording devices. Thousands of experimentally developed drugs affect the nervous system, some in highly specific ways. Recordings of brain activity can be made using electrodes, either glued to the scalp as in EEG studies, or implanted inside the brains of animals for extracellular recordings, which can detect action potentials generated by individual neurons. Because the brain does not contain pain receptors, it is possible using these techniques to record brain activity from animals that are awake and behaving without causing distress. The same techniques have occasionally been used to study brain activity in human patients suffering from intractable epilepsy, in cases where there was a medical necessity to implant electrodes to localize the brain area responsible for epileptic seizures. Functional imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging are also used to study brain activity; these techniques have mainly been used with human subjects, because they require a conscious subject to remain motionless for long periods of time, but they have the great advantage of being noninvasive."}], ["Pada separuh kedua abad ke-20, perkembangan kimia, mikroskop elektron, genetik, sains komputer, pencitraan otak fungsional, dan bidang lain secara progresif membuka tingkap baru ke dalam struktur dan fungsi otak. Di Amerika Syarikat, 1990-an secara rasminya ditetapkan sebagai \"Dekad Otak\" untuk memperingati kemajuan yang dibuat dalam penyelidikan otak, dan untuk mempromosikan dana untuk penyelidikan sedemikian. <> Yang mana satu dekad dalam sejarah secara rasminya dikenali sebagai \"Decade of the Brain\"? || tahun 1990-an", {"qas": [{"question": "Which decade in history was officially called the \"Decade of the Brain\"?", "id": "56f990359b226e1400dd1596", "answers": [{"text": "the 1990s", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the second half of the 20th century, developments in chemistry, electron microscopy, genetics, computer science, functional brain imaging, and other fields progressively opened new windows into brain structure and function. In the United States, the 1990s were officially designated as the \"Decade of the Brain\" to commemorate advances made in brain research, and to promote funding for such research."}], ["Pada separuh pertama abad ke-20, kemajuan dalam bidang elektronik membolehkan siasatan terhadap sifat-sifat elektrik sel-sel saraf, memuncak dalam kerja oleh Alan Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley, dan lain-lain mengenai biofisika potensi tindakan, dan kerja Bernard Katz dan lain-lain pada elektrokimia sinaps. Kajian-kajian ini melengkapkan gambaran anatomi dengan konsepsi otak sebagai entiti dinamik. Mencerminkan pemahaman yang baru, pada tahun 1942 Charles Sherrington memvisualisasikan kerja-kerja otak yang terbangun dari tidur: <> Kerja pada separuh pertama abad ke-20 dalam sifat-sifat elektrik sel saraf adalah dengan apa dua saintis utama? || Alan Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley", {"qas": [{"question": "Work in the first half the 20th century in electrical properties of nerve cells were by what two main scientists?", "id": "56f98ffc9e9bad19000a0ad1", "answers": [{"text": "Alan Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the first half of the 20th century, advances in electronics enabled investigation of the electrical properties of nerve cells, culminating in work by Alan Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley, and others on the biophysics of the action potential, and the work of Bernard Katz and others on the electrochemistry of the synapse. These studies complemented the anatomical picture with a conception of the brain as a dynamic entity. Reflecting the new understanding, in 1942 Charles Sherrington visualized the workings of the brain waking from sleep:"}], ["Pada abad ke-21, trend ini berterusan, dan beberapa pendekatan baru telah menjadi terkenal, termasuk rakaman multielectrode, yang membolehkan aktiviti banyak sel otak direkodkan pada masa yang sama; kejuruteraan genetik, yang membolehkan komponen molekul otak diubah secara eksperimen; genomik, yang membolehkan variasi struktur otak dikaitkan dengan variasi sifat DNA dan neuroimaging. <> Rekod multielectrode membolehkan apa? || aktiviti sel-sel otak banyak direkodkan pada masa yang sama; <> Kejuruteraan genetik membolehkan apa? || komponen molekul otak akan diubah secara eksperimen; <> Apakah genomik membenarkan kajian? || variasi dalam struktur otak akan dikaitkan dengan variasi sifat DNA dan neuroimaging. <> Sepanjang abad apa penciptaan multielectrode dicipta? || abad ke-21, kejuruteraan genetik pertama kali ditemui pada abad berapa? || abad ke-21,", {"qas": [{"question": "Multielectrode recording allows what?", "id": "56f990ab9b226e1400dd1598", "answers": [{"text": "the activity of many brain cells to be recorded all at the same time;", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Genetic engineering allows what?", "id": "56f990ab9b226e1400dd1599", "answers": [{"text": "molecular components of the brain to be altered experimentally;", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does genomics allow the study of?", "id": "56f990ab9b226e1400dd159a", "answers": [{"text": "variations in brain structure to be correlated with variations in DNA properties and neuroimaging.", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what century was multielectrode recording invented?", "id": "56f990ab9b226e1400dd159b", "answers": [{"text": "the 21st century,", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Genetic engineering was first discovered in what century?", "id": "56f990ab9b226e1400dd159c", "answers": [{"text": "the 21st century,", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 21st century, these trends have continued, and several new approaches have come into prominence, including multielectrode recording, which allows the activity of many brain cells to be recorded all at the same time; genetic engineering, which allows molecular components of the brain to be altered experimentally; genomics, which allows variations in brain structure to be correlated with variations in DNA properties and neuroimaging."}], ["Kemajuan pertama yang pertama ke arah pemahaman moden mengenai fungsi saraf, bagaimanapun, berasal daripada penyiasatan Luigi Galvani, yang mendapati bahawa kejutan elektrik statik yang dikenakan pada saraf yang terdedah katak mati dapat menyebabkan kakinya menjadi kontrak. Sejak masa itu, setiap kemajuan utama dalam pemahaman telah mengikuti lebih kurang dari perkembangan teknik penyiasatan baru. Sehingga tahun-tahun awal abad ke-20, kemajuan yang paling penting diperoleh daripada kaedah baru untuk mengotorkan sel. Terutama kritikal adalah penciptaan noda Golgi, yang (jika digunakan dengan betul) hanya noda kecil neuron, tetapi mencemarkannya secara keseluruhannya, termasuk badan sel, dendrite, dan akson. Tanpa apa-apa noda, tisu otak di bawah mikroskop muncul sebagai kusut tulen yang tidak dapat ditembusi dari serat protoplasmik, di mana ia tidak mungkin untuk menentukan apa-apa struktur. Di tangan Camillo Golgi, dan terutamanya ahli neuroanatom Sepanyol, Santiago Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, noda baru mengungkapkan beratus-ratus jenis neuron yang berbeza, masing-masing dengan struktur dendritik dan corak tersambungnya sendiri. <> Siapa tahu bahawa kejutan elektrik ke saraf terdedah katak mati menyebabkan kontraksi? || Luigi Galvani <> Alat yang dicipta untuk noda hanya pecahan kecil neuron dipanggil apa? || Golgi noda <> Apa kewarganegaraan santiago Ramon y Cajal? || Sepanyol", {"qas": [{"question": "Who found out that a shock of electricity to an exposed nerve of a dead frog caused contractions?", "id": "56f98f329b226e1400dd1572", "answers": [{"text": "Luigi Galvani", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The tool that was invented to stain only a small fractions of neurons was called what?", "id": "56f98f329b226e1400dd1573", "answers": [{"text": "the Golgi stain", "answer_start": 566}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nationality was santiago Ramon y Cajal?", "id": "56f98f329b226e1400dd1574", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish", "answer_start": 948}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first real progress toward a modern understanding of nervous function, though, came from the investigations of Luigi Galvani, who discovered that a shock of static electricity applied to an exposed nerve of a dead frog could cause its leg to contract. Since that time, each major advance in understanding has followed more or less directly from the development of a new technique of investigation. Until the early years of the 20th century, the most important advances were derived from new methods for staining cells. Particularly critical was the invention of the Golgi stain, which (when correctly used) stains only a small fraction of neurons, but stains them in their entirety, including cell body, dendrites, and axon. Without such a stain, brain tissue under a microscope appears as an impenetrable tangle of protoplasmic fibers, in which it is impossible to determine any structure. In the hands of Camillo Golgi, and especially of the Spanish neuroanatomist Santiago Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, the new stain revealed hundreds of distinct types of neurons, each with its own unique dendritic structure and pattern of connectivity."}]], [["Terdapat kecenderungan linguistik untuk menggunakan istilah sedemikian. Orang-orang Rom telah menggunakannya di dekat Gaul / jauh Gaul, berhampiran Sepanyol / jauh Sepanyol dan lain-lain. Sebelum itu orang-orang Yunani mempunyai kebiasaan, yang muncul dalam Linear B, skrip tertua Eropah, yang merujuk kepada wilayah dekat dan wilayah kerajaan Pylos yang jauh. Biasanya istilah ini diberikan dengan merujuk kepada ciri geografi, seperti gunung atau sungai. <> Siapa yang menggunakan istilah berhampiran Gaul? || The Romans <> Kemunculan kebudayaan apa yang menggunakan istilah muncul dalam Linear B? || Orang-orang Yunani <> Biasanya syarat diberikan ketika merujuk apa? || ciri geografi", {"qas": [{"question": "Who used the terms near Gaul?", "id": "56f8e1749b226e1400dd1172", "answers": [{"text": "The Romans", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The appearance of what culture using the terms appears in Linear B?", "id": "56f8e1749b226e1400dd1173", "answers": [{"text": "the Greeks", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Usually the terms were given when referencing what?  ", "id": "56f8e1749b226e1400dd1174", "answers": [{"text": "a geographic feature", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There was a linguistic predisposition to use such terms. The Romans had used them in near Gaul / far Gaul, near Spain / far Spain and others. Before them the Greeks had the habit, which appears in Linear B, the oldest known script of Europe, referring to the near province and the far province of the kingdom of Pylos. Usually these terms were given with reference to a geographic feature, such as a mountain range or a river."}], ["Geografi Ptolemy membahagi Asia dengan asas yang serupa. Di utara adalah \"Scythia sebelah ini Himalaya\" dan \"Scythia di luar Himalaya.\" Di selatan adalah \"India di sisi Ganges\" dan \"India di luar Gangga.\" Asia bermula di pantai Anatolia (\"tanah matahari terbit\"). Beyond the Ganges and Himalayas (termasuk Tien Shan) adalah Serica dan Serae (seksyen China) dan beberapa lokasi jauh timur yang dikenali sebagai pengembara dan geografi tetapi tidak kepada orang awam umum Eropah. <> Apa yang membahagikan Asia dengan asas yang sama? || Ptolemy's Geography <> \"Scythia side of the Himalayas\" terletak di mana? || Di sebelah utara <> \"India di sisi Ganges\" terletak di mana? || Di selatan <> \"Scythia di luar Himalaya\" terletak di mana? || Di utara <> Dimana Asia bermula? || di pantai Anatolia", {"qas": [{"question": "What divided Asia on a similar basis? ", "id": "56f8e22c9e9bad19000a0684", "answers": [{"text": "Ptolemy's Geography", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "\"Scythia this side of the Himalayas\" is located where? ", "id": "56f8e22c9e9bad19000a0685", "answers": [{"text": "In the north", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "\"India on this side of the Ganges\" is located where? ", "id": "56f8e22c9e9bad19000a0686", "answers": [{"text": "To the south", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "\"Scythia beyond the Himalayas\" is located where? ", "id": "56f8e22c9e9bad19000a0687", "answers": [{"text": "In the north", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Asia begin? ", "id": "56f8e22c9e9bad19000a0688", "answers": [{"text": "on the coast of Anatolia", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Ptolemy's Geography divided Asia on a similar basis. In the north is \"Scythia this side of the Himalayas\" and \"Scythia beyond the Himalayas.\" To the south is \"India on this side of the Ganges\" and \"India beyond the Ganges.\" Asia began on the coast of Anatolia (\"land of the rising sun\"). Beyond the Ganges and Himalayas (including the Tien Shan) were Serica and Serae (sections of China) and some other identifiable far eastern locations known to the voyagers and geographers but not to the general European public."}], ["Dekat Timur (Bahasa Perancis: Proche-Orient) adalah istilah geografi yang merangkumi Asia Barat. Walaupun mempunyai definisi yang berbeza-beza dalam kalangan akademik yang berbeza, istilah ini pada asalnya diterapkan pada tahap maksimum Empayar Uthmaniyyah. Istilah ini telah diguna pakai dalam Bahasa Inggeris, dan telah digantikan oleh istilah Timur Tengah. <> Apakah istilah geografi yang merangkumi Asia Barat? || Dekat Timur (Bahasa Perancis: Proche-Orient) <> Istilah berhampiran timur pada asalnya terpakai pada tahap maksimum apa kerajaan? || Empayar Uthmaniyyah <> Istilah Hampir Timur telah menjadi masalah dalam bahasa apa? || Bahasa Inggeris <> Apa yang menggantikan istilah Dekat Timur? || Timur Tengah", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a geographical term that roughly encompasses Western Asia?", "id": "56f8d6b49b226e1400dd10c2", "answers": [{"text": "Near East (French: Proche-Orient)", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The term near east was originally applies to the maximum extent of what empire?", "id": "56f8d6b49b226e1400dd10c3", "answers": [{"text": "Ottoman Empire", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The term Near East has fallen into disuses in what language?", "id": "56f8d6b49b226e1400dd10c4", "answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has replaced the term Near East?", "id": "56f8d6b49b226e1400dd10c5", "answers": [{"text": "Middle East", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Near East (French: Proche-Orient) is a geographical term that roughly encompasses Western Asia. Despite having varying definitions within different academic circles, the term was originally applied to the maximum extent of the Ottoman Empire. The term has fallen into disuse in English, and has been replaced by the term Middle East."}], ["Pada masa Atlas Maritima dari John 1670, \"India Beyond the Ganges\" telah menjadi \"Hindia Timur\" termasuk China, Korea, Asia Tenggara dan pulau-pulau di Pasifik dalam peta yang sama sekali diputarbelitkan sebagai Ptolemy, walaupun kelewatan kira-kira 1500 tahun. Itu \"timur\" pula hanyalah terjemahan bahasa Inggeris dari Latin Oriens dan Orientalis, \"tanah matahari terbit,\" yang digunakan sejak zaman Rom untuk \"timur.\" Peta dunia Jodocus Hondius dari 1590 menanda semua Asia dari Caspian ke Pasifik sebagai India Orientalis, tidak lama kemudian muncul dalam terjemahan sebagai Hindia Timur. <> Bilakah Atlas Maritima John Penjual? || 1670 <> Apa yang telah menjadi \"India Beyond the Ganges\"? || Hindia Timur <> China, Korea, Asia Tenggara dan pulau-pulau di Pasifik dimasukkan ke dalam apa? || \"Hindia Timur\" <> Apa yang hanya terjemahan bahasa Inggeris dari Latin Oriens dan Orientalis, \"tanah matahari terbit\"? || \"timur\" <> Tahun apa Jodocus Hondius membuat peta dunia beliau? || 1590", {"qas": [{"question": "When was John Seller's Atlas Maritima?", "id": "56f8e48f9e9bad19000a06ac", "answers": [{"text": "1670", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What had \"India Beyond the Ganges\" become? ", "id": "56f8e48f9e9bad19000a06ad", "answers": [{"text": "the East Indies", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "China, Korea, southeast Asia and the islands of the Pacific were included in what? ", "id": "56f8e48f9e9bad19000a06ae", "answers": [{"text": "\"the East Indies\"", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was only an English translation of Latin Oriens and Orientalis, \"the land of the rising sun\"?", "id": "56f8e48f9e9bad19000a06af", "answers": [{"text": "\"east\"", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Jodocus Hondius make his world map? ", "id": "56f8e48f9e9bad19000a06b0", "answers": [{"text": "1590", "answer_start": 465}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By the time of John Seller's Atlas Maritima of 1670, \"India Beyond the Ganges\" had become \"the East Indies\" including China, Korea, southeast Asia and the islands of the Pacific in a map that was every bit as distorted as Ptolemy's, despite the lapse of approximately 1500 years. That \"east\" in turn was only an English translation of Latin Oriens and Orientalis, \"the land of the rising sun,\" used since Roman times for \"east.\" The world map of Jodocus Hondius of 1590 labels all of Asia from the Caspian to the Pacific as India Orientalis, shortly to appear in translation as the East Indies."}], ["Istilah geografi \"Berdekatan Timur\" dan \"Timur Jauh\" merujuk kepada bidang-bidang di dalam atau bersebelahan dengan bekas Kerajaan Britania dan koloni jiran Belanda, Portugis, Sepanyol dan Jerman, sesuai bersama sebagai sepasang berdasarkan bertentangan jauh dan dekat, menunjukkan bahawa mereka telah berinovasi bersama. Mereka muncul bersama-sama dalam jurnal-jurnal abad pertengahan abad ke-19. Kedua-dua istilah itu digunakan sebelum itu dengan makna British dan Amerika tempatan: berhampiran atau jauh di sebelah timur padang, kampung atau perkarangan. <> Istilah \"Dekat Timur\" dan \"Timur Jauh\" merujuk kepada kawasan di dunia atau bersebelahan dengan bekas Kerajaan British dan koloni jiran yang sesuai sebagai pasangan berdasarkan apa? || pertentangan yang jauh dan dekat <> Bilakah istilah \"Berdekatan Timur\" dan \"Timur Jauh\" muncul bersama dalam jurnal? || pertengahan abad ke-19 <> Istilah Dekat Timur dan Timur Jauh digunakan dalam makna British dan Amerika apabila merujuk kepada apa? || berhampiran atau jauh di sebelah timur padang, kampung atau perkarangan.", {"qas": [{"question": "The terms \"Near East\" and \"Far East\" referring to areas of the globe in or contiguous to the former British Empire and the neighboring colonies fit together as a pair based on what? ", "id": "56f8e0bc9b226e1400dd116c", "answers": [{"text": "the opposites of far and near", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When do the terms \"Near East\" and \"Far East\" appear together in journals? ", "id": "56f8e0bc9b226e1400dd116d", "answers": [{"text": "the mid-19th century", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The term Near East and Far East were used in British and American meanings when referring to what? ", "id": "56f8e0bc9b226e1400dd116e", "answers": [{"text": "the near or far east of a field, village or shire.", "answer_start": 450}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The geographical terms \"Near East\" and \"Far East\" referring to areas of the globe in or contiguous to the former British Empire and the neighboring colonies of the Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish and Germans, fit together as a pair based on the opposites of far and near, suggesting that they were innovated together. They appear together in the journals of the mid-19th century. Both terms were used before then with local British and American meanings: the near or far east of a field, village or shire."}], ["Ia kini menjadi relevan untuk menentukan timur dari soalan timur. Pada pertengahan abad ke-19 \"Dekat Timur\" digunakan untuk menggambarkan bahawa bahagian timur paling dekat dengan Eropah. Istilah \"Far East\" muncul secara serentak bermaksud Jepun, China, Korea, Indonesia dan Viet Nam; Pendek kata, Hindia Timur. \"Dekat Timur\" memohon kepada apa yang telah dikenali sebagai Levant, yang berada di bidang kuasa Ottoman Porte, atau kerajaan. Mereka yang menggunakan istilah itu mempunyai sedikit pilihan mengenai maknanya. Mereka tidak dapat menginjakkan kaki di kebanyakan pantai Mediterranean dan selatan dari Teluk Sidra ke Albania tanpa izin dari Empayar Uthmaniyyah. <> Bilakah \"Berdekatan Timur\" digunakan untuk menggambarkan bahagian timur yang paling dekat dengan Eropah? || tengah abad ke-19 <> Pendek kata, istilah Far East muncul untuk menamakan kawasan ini || Hindia Timur <> \"Dekat Timur\" digunakan di kawasan ini yang paling terkenal | | Levant <> Apakah bidang kuasa Levant dalam? || Uthmaniyyah Porte <> Apa yang diperlukan untuk menginjakkan kaki di sebagian besar pantai Mediterranean selatan dan tengah? || permit dari Empayar Uthmaniyyah", {"qas": [{"question": "When did \"Near East\" come into use to describe the part of the east closest to Europe?", "id": "56f8dea89e9bad19000a0634", "answers": [{"text": "middle of the 19th century", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In short, the term Far East appeared to name this area", "id": "56f8dea89e9bad19000a0635", "answers": [{"text": "the East Indies", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "\"Near East\" applied to this mainly known area", "id": "56f8dea89e9bad19000a0636", "answers": [{"text": "the Levant", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the jurisdiction of the Levant in? ", "id": "56f8dea89e9bad19000a0637", "answers": [{"text": "the Ottoman Porte", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was needed to set foot on most of the shores of the southern and central Mediterranean? ", "id": "56f8dea89e9bad19000a0638", "answers": [{"text": "permits from the Ottoman Empire", "answer_start": 636}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It now became relevant to define the east of the eastern question. In about the middle of the 19th century \"Near East\" came into use to describe that part of the east closest to Europe. The term \"Far East\" appeared contemporaneously meaning Japan, China, Korea, Indonesia and Viet Nam; in short, the East Indies. \"Near East\" applied to what had been mainly known as the Levant, which was in the jurisdiction of the Ottoman Porte, or government. Those who used the term had little choice about its meaning. They could not set foot on most of the shores of the southern and central Mediterranean from the Gulf of Sidra to Albania without permits from the Ottoman Empire."}], ["Beberapa kawasan di luar Pelabuhan Uthmaniyyah dimasukkan. Satu adalah Afrika Utara barat Mesir. Ia diduduki oleh kerajaan-kerajaan bajak laut Pantai Barbary, de facto bebas sejak abad ke-18. Dahulu bahagian empayar pada apogeenya. Iran dimasukkan kerana ia tidak mudah dicapai kecuali melalui Empayar Uthmaniyyah atau negara jiran Rusia. Pada tahun 1890-an istilah ini cenderung memberi tumpuan kepada konflik di negara-negara Balkan dan Armenia. Kematian orang sakit di Eropah meninggalkan kekeliruan besar tentang apa yang dimaksudkan dengan \"Timur Jauh\". Ia kini hanya digunakan dalam konteks sejarah, untuk menggambarkan negara-negara Asia Barat dari Mediterranean ke (atau termasuk) Iran. Singkatnya, tidak ada inventori yang tetap dipahami oleh semua negara, bahasa atau aset sejarah yang ditakrifkan di dalamnya. <> Apa satu rantau termasuk yang diduduki oleh kerajaan-kerajaan bajak laut? || Afrika Utara barat Mesir <> Di mana kerajaan-kerajaan perompak dari? || Barbary Coast <> Mengapa Iran termasuk dalam koleksi kawasan? || kerana ia tidak dapat dicapai dengan mudah melainkan melalui Empayar Uthmaniyyah atau negara tetangga Rusia <> Apa istilah Timur Dekat fokus pada tahun 1890-an? || konflik di negara-negara Balkan dan Armenia <> Kebangkitan apa yang menimbulkan kekeliruan besar tentang apa yang dimaksudkan dengan \"Berdekatan Timur\" || daripada lelaki yang sakit di Eropah", {"qas": [{"question": "What was one region included that was occupied by piratical kingdoms?", "id": "56f8dfe39b226e1400dd1158", "answers": [{"text": "North Africa west of Egypt", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the piratical kingdoms from? ", "id": "56f8dfe39b226e1400dd1159", "answers": [{"text": "Barbary Coast", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why was Iran included in the collection of regions? ", "id": "56f8dfe39b226e1400dd115a", "answers": [{"text": "because it could not easily be reached except through the Ottoman Empire or neighboring Russia", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the term Near East focus on in the 1890s?", "id": "56f8dfe39b226e1400dd115b", "answers": [{"text": "the conflicts in the Balkan states and Armenia", "answer_start": 392}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The demise of what left considerable confusion as to what was to be meant by \"Near East\" ", "id": "56f8dfe39b226e1400dd115c", "answers": [{"text": "of the sick man of Europe", "answer_start": 451}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some regions beyond the Ottoman Porte were included. One was North Africa west of Egypt. It was occupied by piratical kingdoms of the Barbary Coast, de facto independent since the 18th century. Formerly part of the empire at its apogee. Iran was included because it could not easily be reached except through the Ottoman Empire or neighboring Russia. In the 1890s the term tended to focus on the conflicts in the Balkan states and Armenia. The demise of the sick man of Europe left considerable confusion as to what was to be meant by \"Near East\". It is now generally used only in historical contexts, to describe the countries of Western Asia from the Mediterranean to (or including) Iran. There is, in short, no universally understood fixed inventory of nations, languages or historical assets defined to be in it."}], ["Pada awal abad ke-19 Empayar Uthmaniyyah merangkumi seluruh Semenanjung Balkan utara ke pinggir selatan Dataran Hungary, tetapi pada tahun 1914 telah kehilangan semuanya kecuali Constantinople dan Thrace Timur terhadap kebangkitan nasionalisme Balkan, yang menyaksikan kemerdekaan dari Greece, Serbia, Prinsipal Danubia dan Bulgaria. Sehingga tahun 1912, Uthmaniyah mengekalkan kumpulan wilayah termasuk Albania, Macedonia dan Thrace, yang kalah dalam dua Balkan Wars pada tahun 1912-13. <> Apa kerajaan termasuk semua Semenanjung Balkan utara ke pinggir selatan Dataran Hungary pada awal abad ke-19? || Empayar Uthmaniyyah <> Kapan Empayar Uthmaniyyah kehilangan semua empayarnya kecuali Constantinople dan Thrace Timur? || 1914 <> Kebangkitan apa yang melihat kemerdekaan Greece, Serbia, Principal Danubia dan Bulgaria? || kebangkitan nasionalisme Balkan <> Hingga tahun apakah Ottoman mengekalkan kumpulan wilayah termasuk Albania, Makedonia dan Thrace? || 1912 <> Bilakah orang Ottoman kehilangan wilayah Albania, Macedonia dan Thrace? || dua perang Balkan pada tahun 1912-13", {"qas": [{"question": "What empire included all of the Balkan Peninsula north to the southern edge of the Hungarian Plain at the beginning of the 19th century?", "id": "56f8da749b226e1400dd10f0", "answers": [{"text": "the Ottoman Empire", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Ottoman Empire lose all of it's empire except Constantinople and Eastern Thrace?", "id": "56f8da749b226e1400dd10f1", "answers": [{"text": "1914", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The rise of what saw the independence of Greece, Serbia, the Danubian Principalities and Bulgaria?", "id": "56f8da749b226e1400dd10f2", "answers": [{"text": "the rise of Balkan nationalism", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Until what year did the Ottomans retain a band of territory including Albania, Macedonia and Thrace?", "id": "56f8da749b226e1400dd10f3", "answers": [{"text": "1912", "answer_start": 348}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Ottomans lose the territory of Albania, Macedonia and Thrace?", "id": "56f8da749b226e1400dd10f4", "answers": [{"text": "the two Balkan Wars of 1912\u201313", "answer_start": 455}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At the beginning of the 19th century the Ottoman Empire included all of the Balkan Peninsula north to the southern edge of the Hungarian Plain, but by 1914 had lost all of it except Constantinople and Eastern Thrace to the rise of Balkan nationalism, which saw the independence of Greece, Serbia, the Danubian Principalities and Bulgaria. Up until 1912 the Ottomans retained a band of territory including Albania, Macedonia and Thrace, which were lost in the two Balkan Wars of 1912\u201313."}], ["Empayar Uthmaniyyah, yang dipercayai akan runtuh, digambarkan dalam akhbar itu sebagai orang yang sakit di Eropah. \"Negara Balkan, dengan pengecualian separa Bosnia dan Albania, adalah terutama Kristian. Bermula pada tahun 1894, orang Uthmania melanda Armenia atas alasan yang jelas bahawa mereka adalah orang bukan Islam dan oleh itu adalah ancaman yang berpotensi kepada empayar Islam di mana mereka tinggal. Pembunuhan Hamidian membangkitkan kemarahan seluruh dunia Kristian Di Amerika Syarikat, kini penuaan Julia Ward Howe , pengarang Hymn Pertempuran Republik, melompat ke dalam perang kata-kata dan menyertai Palang Merah. Hubungan minoriti dalam Empayar Uthmaniyyah dan pelupusan tanah bekas Uthmaniyyah dikenal sebagai \"Pertanyaan Timur\", ketika orang-orang Ottoman berada di </ a> </ b> </ b> </ b> </ b> ans? || 1894 <> Apa alasan di mana orang Uthmania melanda orang Armenia? || alasan yang jelas bahawa mereka adalah orang bukan Islam <> Apa yang menimbulkan kemarahan seluruh dunia Kristian? || Pembunuhan Hamidian", {"qas": [{"question": "How was the Ottoman Empire portrayed in the press?", "id": "56f8dbf69b226e1400dd1118", "answers": [{"text": "as the sick man of Europe", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Balkan states were primarily what religion? ", "id": "56f8dbf69b226e1400dd1119", "answers": [{"text": "Christian", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Ottomans strike at the Armenians?", "id": "56f8dbf69b226e1400dd111a", "answers": [{"text": "1894", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the grounds on which the Ottomans struck at the Armenians?", "id": "56f8dbf69b226e1400dd111b", "answers": [{"text": "the explicit grounds that they were a non-Muslim people", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What aroused the indignation of the entire Christian world?", "id": "56f8dbf69b226e1400dd111c", "answers": [{"text": "The Hamidian Massacres", "answer_start": 401}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Ottoman Empire, believed to be about to collapse, was portrayed in the press as the sick man of Europe\". The Balkan states, with the partial exception of Bosnia and Albania, were primarily Christian. Starting in 1894 the Ottomans struck at the Armenians on the explicit grounds that they were a non-Muslim people and as such were a potential threat to the Muslim empire within which they resided. The Hamidian Massacres aroused the indignation of the entire Christian world. In the United States the now aging Julia Ward Howe, author of the Battle Hymn of the Republic, leaped into the war of words and joined the Red Cross. Relations of minorities within the Ottoman Empire and the disposition of former Ottoman lands became known as the \"Eastern Question,\" as the Ottomans were on the east of Europe."}], ["Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica mendefinisikan Timur Dekat seperti Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Mesir, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Palestina, Qatar, Arab Saudi, Sudan, Syria, Emiriah Arab Bersatu, Tebing Barat dan Yemen. Pertubuhan Makanan dan Pertanian (FAO) Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (PBB) mendefinisikan rantau ini sama, tetapi juga termasuk Afghanistan sementara tidak termasuk negara-negara Afrika Utara dan wilayah Palestin. Menurut National Geographic Society, istilah Timur Tengah dan Timur Tengah menandakan wilayah yang sama dan 'diterima secara umum sebagai merangkumi negara-negara Semenanjung Arab, Cyprus, Mesir, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, wilayah Palestin, Syria , dan Turki '. <> Yang mendefinisikan Dekat Timur seperti Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Mesir. Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Isreal, Jordan, Kuwait, Lubnan, Libya, Oman, Palestin, Qatar, Arab Saudi, Sudan, Syria, Turki, Emiriah Arab Bersatu, Tebing Barat dan Yemen? || The Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica <> Organisasi Makanan dan Pertanian Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu juga merangkumi Negara apa yang dimaksudkan dengan definisi Near East? || Afghanistan <> Apa kumpulan percaya istilah Timur dan Timur Tengah menunjukkan wilayah yang sama? || National Geographic Society", {"qas": [{"question": "Who defines the Near East as including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt. Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Isreal, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the West Bank, and Yemen?", "id": "56f8d86f9b226e1400dd10d4", "answers": [{"text": "The Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations also includes what Country in the definition of Near East?", "id": "56f8d86f9b226e1400dd10d5", "answers": [{"text": "Afghanistan", "answer_start": 395}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group believes the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories?", "id": "56f8d86f9b226e1400dd10d6", "answers": [{"text": "the National Geographic Society", "answer_start": 499}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica defines the Near East as including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the West Bank, and Yemen. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations defines the region similarly, but also includes Afghanistan while excluding the countries of North Africa and the Palestinian territories. According to the National Geographic Society, the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories and are 'generally accepted as comprising the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian territories, Syria, and Turkey'."}], ["Sebagai contoh, The London Review of 1861 (Telford and Barber, unsigned) dalam mengkaji beberapa karya oleh Rawlinson, Layard dan lain-lain, menyatakan diri mereka sebagai membuat: <> Bilakah Kajian London? || 1861 <> Rawlinson, Layard dan lain-lain telah dikaji semula dalam apa? || The London Review of 1861 <> Who wrote The London Review of 1861? || (Telford dan Barber", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the London Review?", "id": "56f8ebe29e9bad19000a06fc", "answers": [{"text": "1861", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Rawlinson, Layard and others were reviewed in what?", "id": "56f8ebe29e9bad19000a06fd", "answers": [{"text": "The London Review of 1861", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote The London Review of 1861?", "id": "56f8ebe29e9bad19000a06fe", "answers": [{"text": "(Telford and Barber", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "For example, The London Review of 1861 (Telford and Barber, unsigned) in reviewing several works by Rawlinson, Layard and others, defined themselves as making:"}], ["Kawasan-kawasan dalam inventori mereka ialah Assyria, Chaldea, Mesopotamia, Persia, Armenia, Mesir, Arab, Syria, Palestina, Ethiopia, Caucasus, Libya, Anatolia dan Abyssinia. Eksplisit dikecualikan ialah India. Tiada sebutan yang dibuat dari Balkan. <> Kawasan apa yang dikecualikan secara eksplisit? || India <> Kawasan apa yang tidak disebut? || Balkan <> Assyria, Chaldea, Mesopotamia, Persia, Armenia, Mesir, Arab, Syria, Palestina, Ethiopia, Caucasus, Libya, Anatolia, dan Abyssinia semuanya? || kawasan dalam inventori mereka", {"qas": [{"question": "What region was explicitly excluded?", "id": "56f8ec5d9e9bad19000a0702", "answers": [{"text": "India", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What region has no mention?", "id": "56f8ec5d9e9bad19000a0703", "answers": [{"text": "the Balkans", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Assyria, Chaldea, Mesopotamia, Persia, Armenia, Egypt, Arabia, Syria, Palestine, Ethiopia, Caucasus, Libya, Anatolia, and Abyssinia were all what?", "id": "56f8ec5d9e9bad19000a0704", "answers": [{"text": "regions in their inventory", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The regions in their inventory were Assyria, Chaldea, Mesopotamia, Persia, Armenia, Egypt, Arabia, Syria, Palestine, Ethiopia, Caucasus, Libya, Anatolia and Abyssinia. Explicitly excluded is India. No mention is made of the Balkans."}], ["Pada tahun 1855 cetakan semula surat yang lebih awal dihantar ke The Times muncul dalam Zaman Hidup Littel. Penulisnya, \"jurubahasa rasmi China yang berkhidmat selama 10 tahun\" dan seorang ahli Kelab Oriental, Thomas Taylor Meadows, membalas dengan cadangan jurubahasa lain bahawa Empayar Britania telah membuang sumbernya atas ancaman palsu dari Rusia terhadap China. Menjelang akhir surat itu dia berkata: <> Bilakah cetakan semula surat yang dihantar ke The Times muncul dalam Zaman Hidup Littel? || 1855 <> Siapa penulis surat yang dihantar ke Times? || Thomas Taylor Meadows <> Apakah Thomas Taylor Meadows menjawab? || cadangan oleh penterjemah lain", {"qas": [{"question": "When was a reprint of a letter sent to The Times appear in Littel's Living Age?", "id": "56f8e98f9b226e1400dd11ba", "answers": [{"text": "1855", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the author of the letter sent to the Times?", "id": "56f8e98f9b226e1400dd11bb", "answers": [{"text": "Thomas Taylor Meadows", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Thomas Taylor Meadows replying to?", "id": "56f8e98f9b226e1400dd11bc", "answers": [{"text": "the suggestion by another interpreter", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1855 a reprint of a letter earlier sent to The Times appeared in Littel's Living Age. Its author, an \"official Chinese interpreter of 10 years' active service\" and a member of the Oriental Club, Thomas Taylor Meadows, was replying to the suggestion by another interpreter that the British Empire was wasting its resources on a false threat from Russia against China. Toward the end of the letter he said:"}], ["Kebanyakan pentadbiran penjajah adalah milik kelab ini, yang telah dibentuk oleh Duke of Wellington. Istilah Meadows mesti mewakili penggunaan oleh pentadbiran itu. Sekiranya tidak penggunaan istilah pertama, surat kepada Times pastinya merupakan salah satu pembentangan awal perbendaharaan kata ini kepada orang awam. Mereka menjadi sangat popular, menggantikan \"Levant\" dan \"Hindia Timur,\" yang beransur-ansur beralih ke penggunaan kecil dan kemudian mula mengubah makna. <> Apakah salah satu pembentangan terawal perbendaharaan kata ini? || surat kepada Times <> Apa yang dikatakan harus mewakili penggunaan oleh pentadbiran itu? || Istilah Meadows <> Siapa yang telah membentuk kelab yang mengandungi banyak pentadbiran penjajah? || Duke of Wellington", {"qas": [{"question": "What was one of the earliest presentations of this vocabulary?", "id": "56f8ea1d9b226e1400dd11c0", "answers": [{"text": "the letter to the Times", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was said must represent usage by that administration?", "id": "56f8ea1d9b226e1400dd11c1", "answers": [{"text": "Meadows' terminology", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who had formed the club that contained much of the colonial administration?", "id": "56f8ea1d9b226e1400dd11c2", "answers": [{"text": "Duke of Wellington", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Much of the colonial administration belonged to this club, which had been formed by the Duke of Wellington. Meadows' terminology must represent usage by that administration. If not the first use of the terms, the letter to the Times was certainly one of the earliest presentations of this vocabulary to the general public. They became immediately popular, supplanting \"Levant\" and \"East Indies,\" which gradually receded to minor usages and then began to change meaning."}], ["Pada tahun 1853, Empayar Rusia bagi pihak negara-negara Balkan Slavik mula mempertanyakan kewujudan Empayar Uthmaniyyah. Hasilnya adalah Perang Krimea, 1853-1856, di mana Empayar Britania dan Empayar Perancis menyokong Empayar Uthmaniyyah dalam perjuangannya terhadap serangan Rusia. Akhirnya, Empayar Uthmaniyyah kehilangan kawalan wilayah Balkan. <> Bilakah Empayar Rusia mula mempersoalkan kewujudan Empayar Uthmaniyyah? || 1853 <> Bilakah Perang Krimea? || 1853-1856 <> Semasa Perang Crimean yang melakukan sokongan British dan Perancis? || Empayar Uthmaniyyah <> Apa perjuangan Empayar Uthmaniyyah melawan dalam Perang Krimea? || penyusupan Empayar Rusia <> Empayar Uthmaniyyah akhirnya kehilangan kendali kawasan apa? || rantau Balkan", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Russian Empire begin to question the existence of the Ottoman Empire?", "id": "56f8e8659e9bad19000a06f2", "answers": [{"text": "1853", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Crimean War?", "id": "56f8e8659e9bad19000a06f3", "answers": [{"text": "1853\u20131856", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the Crimean War who did the British and French support?", "id": "56f8e8659e9bad19000a06f4", "answers": [{"text": "the Ottoman Empire", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Ottoman Empire's struggle against in the Crimean War?", "id": "56f8e8659e9bad19000a06f5", "answers": [{"text": "the incursions of the Russian Empire", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Ottoman Empire eventually lost control of what region?", "id": "56f8e8659e9bad19000a06f6", "answers": [{"text": "the Balkan region", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1853 the Russian Empire on behalf of the Slavic Balkan states began to question the very existence of the Ottoman Empire. The result was the Crimean War, 1853\u20131856, in which the British Empire and the French Empire supported the Ottoman Empire in its struggle against the incursions of the Russian Empire. Eventually, the Ottoman Empire lost control of the Balkan region."}], ["\"Berdekatan Timur\" tetap popular di kalangan diplomatik, perdagangan dan jurnalistik, tetapi perubahan tidak lama kemudian berkembang di kalangan para ulama dan orang-orang kain dan sekutu mereka: \"Timur Jauh,\" kembali kepada perbezaan klasik dan kemudian lebih ilmiah \"lebih dekat \"dan\" lebih jauh. \" Mereka sudah pasti melihat keperluan untuk memisahkan tanah-tanah Alkitabiah dari medan Empayar Uthmaniyyah. Orang Kristian melihat negara itu sebagai tanah Perjanjian Lama dan Baru, di mana Kristian telah berkembang. Para ulama dalam bidang kajian yang akhirnya menjadi arkeologi Alkitab berusaha untuk menentukannya berdasarkan arkeologi. <> Apa yang tetap popular di kalangan diplomatik, perdagangan dan jurnalistik? || \"Dekat Timur\" <> Apa variasi tidak lama kemudian berkembang di kalangan para ulama dan orang-orang kain dan sekutunya? || \"Timur yang Berdekatan,\" <> Terdapat keperluan untuk memisahkan apa yang berasal dari medan Empayar Uthmaniyyah? || tanah-tanah yang Alkitabiah <> Apa yang orang-orang Kristian melihat negara itu? || tanah Perjanjian Lama dan Baru <> Bagaimana cendekawan mencuba definisi mereka? || berdasarkan arkeologi", {"qas": [{"question": "What remained popular in diplomatic, trade and journalistic circles?", "id": "56f8eaef9b226e1400dd11c6", "answers": [{"text": "\"Near East\"", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What variation soon developed among the scholars and the men of the cloth and their associates?", "id": "56f8eaef9b226e1400dd11c7", "answers": [{"text": "\"the Nearer East,\"", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "There was a need to separate what from the terrain of the Ottoman Empire?", "id": "56f8eaef9b226e1400dd11c8", "answers": [{"text": "the Biblical lands", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Christians see the country as?", "id": "56f8eaef9b226e1400dd11c9", "answers": [{"text": "the land of the Old and New Testaments", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did the scholars attempt their definition? ", "id": "56f8eaef9b226e1400dd11ca", "answers": [{"text": "on the basis of archaeology", "answer_start": 593}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\"Near East\" remained popular in diplomatic, trade and journalistic circles, but a variation soon developed among the scholars and the men of the cloth and their associates: \"the Nearer East,\" reverting to the classical and then more scholarly distinction of \"nearer\" and \"farther.\" They undoubtedly saw a need to separate the Biblical lands from the terrain of the Ottoman Empire. The Christians saw the country as the land of the Old and New Testaments, where Christianity had developed. The scholars in the field of studies that eventually became Biblical archaeology attempted to define it on the basis of archaeology."}], ["Ia telah menghayati sejarah sejarawan barat untuk menulis tentang kemerosotan Empayar Uthmaniyyah seolah-olah sebuah kesusasteraan yang mantap dan tidak bertentangan dengan nama itu pernah wujud. Sempadan telah berkembang dan kontrak tetapi mereka sentiasa dinamik dan sentiasa \"persoalan\" dari awal. Empayar Uthmaniyyah diciptakan dari tanah bekas Empayar Rom timur ketika peristiwa kematiannya yang ganas. Kaisar Romawi yang terakhir meninggal berperang di jalan-jalan ibukotanya, Constantinople, yang dikuasai oleh tentera Uthmaniyyah, pada bulan Mei, 1453. Para pemenang mewarisi wilayahnya yang tersisa di Balkan. <> Apa yang telah menyenangkan ahli sejarah Barat? || untuk menulis tentang kemerosotan Empayar Uthmaniyyah <> Apa yang selalu dipertikaikan dari awal Empayar Uthmaniyyah? || Sempadan <> Apa yang dicipta oleh Empayar Uthmaniyyah? || tanah bekas Empayar Rom timur <> Bagaimanakah kaisar Romawi yang terakhir mati? || berjuang di tangan di jalan-jalan <> Di manakah ibukota Romawi itu? || Constantinople", {"qas": [{"question": "What has pleased western historians?", "id": "56f8e6d39e9bad19000a06d4", "answers": [{"text": "to write of a decline of the Ottoman Empire", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was always in question from the beginning of the Ottoman Empire? ", "id": "56f8e6d39e9bad19000a06d5", "answers": [{"text": "The borders", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Ottoman Empire created from?", "id": "56f8e6d39e9bad19000a06d6", "answers": [{"text": "the lands of the former eastern Roman Empire", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did the last Roman emperor die?", "id": "56f8e6d39e9bad19000a06d7", "answers": [{"text": "fighting hand-to-hand in the streets", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Roman emperor's capital?", "id": "56f8e6d39e9bad19000a06d8", "answers": [{"text": "Constantinople", "answer_start": 473}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It has pleased western historians to write of a decline of the Ottoman Empire as though a stable and uncontested polity of that name once existed. The borders did expand and contract but they were always dynamic and always in \"question\" right from the beginning. The Ottoman Empire was created from the lands of the former eastern Roman Empire on the occasion of the latter's violent demise. The last Roman emperor died fighting hand-to-hand in the streets of his capital, Constantinople, overwhelmed by the Ottoman military, in May, 1453. The victors inherited his remaining territory in the Balkans."}], ["Populasi tanah-tanah tersebut tidak menerima pemerintahan Turki. Orang Turki kepada mereka adalah orang asing dengan adat, cara hidup, dan bahasa yang sama sekali berbeda. Selang ketika tidak ada kerusuhan jarang berlaku. The Hungarians telah melenyapkan kerajaan Turki pada tahun 1688. Serbia dicipta oleh Revolusi Serbia, 1815-1833. Perang Kemerdekaan Yunani, 1821-1832, mencipta Greece moden, yang pulih kebanyakan tanah-tanah purba Yunani, tetapi tidak dapat memperoleh Constantinople. Porte Uthmaniyyah terus diserang dari suku pada empayarnya, terutama Balkan. Juga, beberapa kali pada awal abad ke-19, kapal perang Amerika dan British terpaksa menyerang lanun-lanun Barbary untuk menghalang cetak rompak dan memulihkan beribu-ribu orang Eropah dan Amerika yang diperhambakan. <> Penduduk tidak menerima apa? || Peraturan Turki <> Orang-orang Hungaria telah melenyapkan pemerintahan Turki pada tahun berapa? || 1688 <> Apa yang membuat Serbia? || Revolusi Serbia <> Kapan Revolusi Serbia? || 1815-1833 <> Kapan Perang Kemerdekaan Yunani? || 1821-1832", {"qas": [{"question": "The populations did not accept what?", "id": "56f8e7d39e9bad19000a06e8", "answers": [{"text": "Turkish rule", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Hungarians had thrown off Turkish rule by what year? ", "id": "56f8e7d39e9bad19000a06e9", "answers": [{"text": "1688", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What created Serbia?", "id": "56f8e7d39e9bad19000a06ea", "answers": [{"text": "the Serbian Revolution", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Serbian Revolution?", "id": "56f8e7d39e9bad19000a06eb", "answers": [{"text": "1815\u20131833", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Greek War of Independence?", "id": "56f8e7d39e9bad19000a06ec", "answers": [{"text": "1821\u20131832", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The populations of those lands did not accept Turkish rule. The Turks to them were foreigners with completely different customs, way of life, and language. Intervals when there was no unrest were rare. The Hungarians had thrown off Turkish rule by 1688. Serbia was created by the Serbian Revolution, 1815\u20131833. The Greek War of Independence, 1821\u20131832, created modern Greece, which recovered most of the lands of ancient Greece, but could not gain Constantinople. The Ottoman Porte was continuously under attack from some quarter in its empire, primarily the Balkans. Also, on a number of occasions in the early 19th century, American and British warships had to attack the Barbary pirates to stop their piracy and recover thousands of enslaved Europeans and Americans."}], ["Sehingga kira-kira 1855 kata-kata yang berhampiran dengan timur dan timur jauh tidak merujuk kepada mana-mana rantau tertentu. Yang jauh Timur, frasa yang mengandungi kata nama, Timur, yang disahkan oleh kata sifat, jauh, boleh berada di mana-mana lokasi di \"jauh timur\" wilayah rumah pembicara. Sebagai contoh, Empayar Uthmaniyyah adalah Timur jauh seperti Hindia Timur. Perang Krimea membawa perubahan dalam perbendaharaan kata dengan pengenalan istilah yang lebih biasa pada abad ke-19. Empayar Rusia telah memasuki fasa yang lebih agresif, menjadi tentera secara aktif terhadap Empayar Uthmaniyyah dan juga melawan China, dengan penguasaan teritorial secara jelas dalam fikiran. Memikirkan semula dasarnya, kerajaan British memutuskan bahawa kedua-dua negara sedang diserang perlu untuk keseimbangan kuasa. Oleh itu, ia berusaha untuk menentang Rusia di kedua-dua tempat, satu hasil menjadi Perang Crimean. Semasa perang itu pentadbiran Empayar British mula mengumumkan kosa kata baru, memberikan makna serantau khusus kepada \"Timur Dekat,\" Empayar Uthmaniyyah, dan \"Timur Jauh,\" Hindia Timur. Kedua-dua istilah kini mempunyai kata nama majmuk yang sering ditunjukkan bersudut. <> Sehingga tahun apa kata-kata di dekat timur dan timur tidak merujuk kepada mana-mana rantau tertentu? || 1855 <> Apa yang membawa perubahan dalam perbendaharaan kata? || Perang Krimea <> Kekaisaran Rusia menjadi lebih aktif secara ketenteraan terhadap siapa? || Empayar Uthmaniyyah <> Siapa yang memutuskan bahawa kedua-dua negara di bawah serangan adalah perlu untuk keseimbangan kuasa? || Kerajaan British <> Apa kerajaan mula mengumumkan kosa kata baru? || Empayar British", {"qas": [{"question": "Until what year did the words near east and far east not refer to any particular region? ", "id": "56f8e9289b226e1400dd11b0", "answers": [{"text": "1855", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What brought a change in vocabulary?", "id": "56f8e9289b226e1400dd11b1", "answers": [{"text": "The Crimean War", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Russian Empire became more militarily active against who?", "id": "56f8e9289b226e1400dd11b2", "answers": [{"text": "the Ottoman Empire", "answer_start": 533}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who decided the two polities under attack were necessary for the balance of power? ", "id": "56f8e9289b226e1400dd11b3", "answers": [{"text": "the British government", "answer_start": 650}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What empire began promulgating a new vocabulary?", "id": "56f8e9289b226e1400dd11b4", "answers": [{"text": "the British Empire", "answer_start": 891}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Until about 1855 the words near east and far east did not refer to any particular region. The far East, a phrase containing a noun, East, qualified by an adjective, far, could be at any location in the \"far east\" of the speaker's home territory. The Ottoman Empire, for example, was the far East as much as the East Indies. The Crimean War brought a change in vocabulary with the introduction of terms more familiar to the late 19th century. The Russian Empire had entered a more aggressive phase, becoming militarily active against the Ottoman Empire and also against China, with territorial aggrandizement explicitly in mind. Rethinking its policy the British government decided that the two polities under attack were necessary for the balance of power. It therefore undertook to oppose the Russians in both places, one result being the Crimean War. During that war the administration of the British Empire began promulgating a new vocabulary, giving specific regional meaning to \"the Near East,\" the Ottoman Empire, and \"the Far East,\" the East Indies. The two terms were now compound nouns often shown hyphenated."}], ["Elizabeth I dari England, yang terutama berminat dengan perdagangan dengan timur, bekerjasama dengan pedagang Inggeris untuk membentuk syarikat perdagangan pertama ke kawasan yang jauh, menggunakan jargon mereka sendiri. Matlamat mereka adalah untuk mendapatkan konsesi perdagangan melalui perjanjian. Ratu menyewa Syarikat Pedagang Levant, dipinggirkan kepada Levant Company, dan kemudian dikenali sebagai Syarikat Turki, pada 1581. Pada tahun 1582, kapal The Great Susan mengangkut duta pertama, William Harebone, ke Pelabuhan Uthmaniyyah (kerajaan dari Empayar Uthmaniyyah) di Constantinople. Berbanding dengan Anatolia, Levant juga bermaksud \"tanah matahari yang semakin meningkat,\" tetapi di mana Anatolia selalu hanya bermaksud unjuran tanah yang kini diduduki oleh Republik Turki, Levant bermaksud di mana saja di domain yang diperintah oleh Pelabuhan Uthmaniyyah. Syarikat India Timur (pendek untuk nama formal yang lebih lama) disewa pada tahun 1600 untuk perdagangan ke Hindia Timur. <> Di manakah Elizabeth I dari? || England <> Apa yang Elizabeth paling berminat? || berdagang dengan timur <> Siapa yang Elizabeth saya bekerjasama? || Pedagang Inggeris <> Apakah matlamat syarikat perdagangan pertama? || mendapatkan konsesi dagangan dengan perjanjian <> Apa syarikat telah mencatat pada tahun 1600 untuk perdagangan ke Hindia Timur? || Syarikat India Timur", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was Elizabeth I from?", "id": "56f8e5f29e9bad19000a06c0", "answers": [{"text": "England", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Elizabeth primarily interested in? ", "id": "56f8e5f29e9bad19000a06c1", "answers": [{"text": "trade with the east", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Elizabeth I collaborate with?", "id": "56f8e5f29e9bad19000a06c2", "answers": [{"text": "English merchants", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the goal of the first trading companies?", "id": "56f8e5f29e9bad19000a06c3", "answers": [{"text": "obtain trading concessions by treaty", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What company was charted in 1600 for trade to the East Indies?", "id": "56f8e5f29e9bad19000a06c4", "answers": [{"text": "The East India Company", "answer_start": 787}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Elizabeth I of England, primarily interested in trade with the east, collaborated with English merchants to form the first trading companies to the far-flung regions, using their own jargon. Their goals were to obtain trading concessions by treaty. The queen chartered the Company of Merchants of the Levant, shortened to Levant Company, and soon known also as The Turkey Company, in 1581. In 1582, the ship The Great Susan transported the first ambassador, William Harebone, to the Ottoman Porte (government of the Ottoman Empire) at Constantinople. Compared to Anatolia, Levant also means \"land of the rising sun,\" but where Anatolia always only meant the projection of land currently occupied by the Republic of Turkey, Levant meant anywhere in the domain ruled by the Ottoman Porte. The East India Company (short for a much longer formal name) was chartered in 1600 for trade to the East Indies."}], ["Ini adalah kata-kata pertempuran yang datang dari negara yang pernah menegaskan bahawa Eropah memerlukan Turki dan bersedia menumpahkan darah ke atasnya. Untuk Miller berkuasanya memanggil orang-orang, mengutip \"kebijaksanaan kolektif\" Eropah, dan memperkenalkan konsep muncul beberapa kali dalam beberapa dekade untuk mengikuti keadaan yang menyeramkan: <> Kata-kata Miller dipertimbangkan? || pertempuran kata-kata <> Ia dianggap Eropah memerlukan negara apa? || Turki <> Apa yang dikatakan Miller? || \"kebijaksanaan kolektif\" Eropah", {"qas": [{"question": "Miller's words were considered what?", "id": "56f8f2c89e9bad19000a075d", "answers": [{"text": "fighting words", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "It was considered Europe needed what country?", "id": "56f8f2c89e9bad19000a075e", "answers": [{"text": "Turkey", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Miller citing?", "id": "56f8f2c89e9bad19000a075f", "answers": [{"text": "the \"collective wisdom\" of Europe", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "These were fighting words to be coming from a country that once insisted Europe needed Turkey and was willing to spill blood over it. For his authority Miller invokes the people, citing the \"collective wisdom\" of Europe, and introducing a concept to arise many times in the decades to follow under chilling circumstances:"}], ["Menjelang tahun 1916, apabila berjuta-juta orang Eropah menjadi mangsa perang imperialis di parit Eropah timur dan barat atas \"soalan timur,\" Arnold J. Toynbee, sejarawan peradaban Hegelesque pada umumnya, menjadi metafizik tentang Timur Dekat. Geografi semata-mata tidak cukup penjelasan istilah, dia percaya. Sekiranya Empayar Uthmaniyyah menjadi orang yang sakit, maka: <> Tahun apakah Arnold J toynbee menjadi metafizik tentang Timur Dekat? || 1916 <> Siapa sejarah tamadun Hegelesque? || Arnold J. Toynbee <> Arnold J Toynbee percaya apa? || Geografi sahaja bukanlah penjelasan yang mencukupi mengenai istilah-istilah tersebut", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was Arnold J toynbee becoming metaphysical about the Near East?", "id": "56f8f3eb9e9bad19000a076d", "answers": [{"text": "1916", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Hegelesque historian of civilization?", "id": "56f8f3eb9e9bad19000a076e", "answers": [{"text": "Arnold J. Toynbee", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Arnold J Toynbee believed what?", "id": "56f8f3eb9e9bad19000a076f", "answers": [{"text": "Geography alone was not a sufficient explanation of the terms", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By 1916, when millions of Europeans were becoming casualties of imperial war in the trenches of eastern and western Europe over \"the eastern question,\" Arnold J. Toynbee, Hegelesque historian of civilization at large, was becoming metaphysical about the Near East. Geography alone was not a sufficient explanation of the terms, he believed. If the Ottoman Empire had been a sick man, then:"}], ["Sepanjang artikel ini Norman menggunakan \"Timur Dekat\" yang bermaksud negara-negara di mana \"soalan timur\" digunakan; iaitu, kepada semua Balkan. Negara-negara dan daerah yang disebutkan adalah Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina (yang merupakan muslim dan perlu, pada pandangannya, ditindas), Macedonia, Montenegro, Albania, Romania. Selebihnya kawasan Uthmaniyyah diturunkan ke \"timur.\" <> Apa maksud Norman dalam artikel ketika mengatakan \"Berdekatan Timur\"? || negara-negara di mana \"soalan timur\" memohon <> Apa yang lain yang diturunkan oleh Uthmaniyyah? || hanya \"timur.\" <> \"Timur\" merujuk kepada apa? || Selebihnya domain Uthmaniyyah", {"qas": [{"question": "What does Norman mean in the article when saying \"Near East\"?", "id": "56f8f0819e9bad19000a0745", "answers": [{"text": "the countries where \"the eastern question\" applied", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the rest of the Ottoman domain demoted to?", "id": "56f8f0819e9bad19000a0746", "answers": [{"text": "just \"the east.\"", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "\"The East\" refers to what?", "id": "56f8f0819e9bad19000a0747", "answers": [{"text": "The rest of the Ottoman domain", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Throughout this article Norman uses \"Near East\" to mean the countries where \"the eastern question\" applied; that is, to all of the Balkans. The countries and regions mentioned are Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina (which was Moslem and needed, in his view, to be suppressed), Macedonia, Montenegro, Albania, Romania. The rest of the Ottoman domain is demoted to just \"the east.\""}], ["Pada tahun-tahun terakhir abad ke-19, istilah \"Dekat Timur\" telah banyak ditimbulkan oleh orang awam berbahasa Inggeris seperti juga Uthmaniyyah sendiri. Punca kewajipan adalah Pembunuhan Hamidian Armenia kerana mereka adalah orang Kristian, tetapi ia sepertinya tumpah ke dalam konflik yang berlarutan di Balkan. Buat masa ini, \"Dekat Timur\" bermaksud terutamanya Balkan. Buku Robert Hichens The Near East (1913) adalah subtitle Dalmatian, Yunani dan Constantinople. <> Bilakah istilah \"Berdekatan Timur\" memperolehi rasa tidak puas hati? || abad ke-19 <> Istilah \"Dekat Timur\" diperolehi banyak yang tidak patut di mata siapa? || Orang berbahasa Inggeris <> Apa sebabnya? || Hamidian Massacres of Armenians <> Apa penyebab Pembunuhan Hamidian Armenia? || mereka adalah orang Kristen <> Kapan buku Robert Hickens? || 1913)", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the term \"Near East\" acquire considerable disrepute?", "id": "56f8ed819b226e1400dd11d0", "answers": [{"text": "the 19th century", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The term \"Near East\" acquired considerable disrepute in whose eyes?", "id": "56f8ed819b226e1400dd11d1", "answers": [{"text": "English-speaking public", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the cause of the onus?", "id": "56f8ed819b226e1400dd11d2", "answers": [{"text": "the Hamidian Massacres of Armenians", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the cause of the Hamidian Massacres of Armenians?", "id": "56f8ed819b226e1400dd11d3", "answers": [{"text": "they were Christians", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Robert Hickens' book wrote?", "id": "56f8ed819b226e1400dd11d4", "answers": [{"text": "1913)", "answer_start": 419}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the last years of the 19th century the term \"Near East\" acquired considerable disrepute in eyes of the English-speaking public as did the Ottoman Empire itself. The cause of the onus was the Hamidian Massacres of Armenians because they were Christians, but it seemed to spill over into the protracted conflicts of the Balkans. For a time, \"Near East\" meant primarily the Balkans. Robert Hichens' book The Near East (1913) is subtitled Dalmatia, Greece and Constantinople."}], ["Hogarth kemudian meneruskan untuk mengatakan di mana dan mengapa dalam beberapa butiran, tetapi tidak lagi disebutkan daripada klasik. Analisisnya adalah geopolitik. Petanya menggambarkan East Nearer dengan garis-garis biasa seolah-olah ditinjau. Mereka termasuk Iran, Balkan, tetapi bukan tanah Danube, Mesir, tetapi tidak seluruh Afrika Utara. Kecuali Balkan, rantau ini sepadan dengan Timur Tengah yang kemudian. Ia berbeza dari Empayar Uthmaniyyah pada waktu termasuk Greece dan Iran. Hogarth tidak memberikan keterangan yang biasa dengan konsep awal Timur Tengah. <> Apa kata Hogarth secara terperinci? || di mana dan mengapa <> Hogarth tidak menyebut apa? || klasik <> Bagaimana analisis Hogarth? || geopolitik", {"qas": [{"question": "What does Hogarth say in detail?", "id": "56f8ecd49e9bad19000a0708", "answers": [{"text": "where and why", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Hogarth makes no mention of what?", "id": "56f8ecd49e9bad19000a0709", "answers": [{"text": "the classics", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is Hogarth's analysis?", "id": "56f8ecd49e9bad19000a070a", "answers": [{"text": "geopolitical", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hogarth then proceeds to say where and why in some detail, but no more mention is made of the classics. His analysis is geopolitical. His map delineates the Nearer East with regular lines as though surveyed. They include Iran, the Balkans, but not the Danube lands, Egypt, but not the rest of North Africa. Except for the Balkans, the region matches the later Middle East. It differs from the Ottoman Empire of the times in including Greece and Iran. Hogarth gives no evidence of being familiar with the contemporaneous initial concept of the Middle East."}], ["Dari kematian negara-negara baru Dekat Timur dapat bangkit dari abu, terutama Republik Turki. Secara paradoks kini ia menyelaraskan dirinya dengan barat dan bukannya dengan timur. Mustafa Kemal, pengasasnya, bekas pegawai tinggi peringkat Uthmaniyyah, mendesak revolusi sosial ini, yang, antara perubahan lain, wanita yang dibebaskan dari peraturan selat masih berlaku di kebanyakan negara berbahasa Arab. Kebangkitan Timur Dekat politik sekarang meninggalkan jurang di mana ia telah, yang melangkah ke Timur Tengah. <> Apa yang dapat bangkit dari kematian Timur Dekat? || bangsa-bangsa baru <> Apa negara yang dapat menonjol dari bangku abu Timur Dekat? || Republik Turki <> Bagaimana Republik Turki menyelaraskan diri mereka? || dengan barat <> Siapakah pengasas Republik Turki? || Mustafa Kemal <> Siapa bekas pegawai tinggi peringkat Uthmaniyyah? || Mustafa Kemal", {"qas": [{"question": "What was able to rise from the death of the Near East?", "id": "56f8f4539e9bad19000a0773", "answers": [{"text": "new nations", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What notable nation was able to rise from the ashes of the Near East?", "id": "56f8f4539e9bad19000a0774", "answers": [{"text": "the Republic of Turkey", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did the Republic of Turkey align themselves?", "id": "56f8f4539e9bad19000a0775", "answers": [{"text": "with the west", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the founder of the Republic of Turkey?", "id": "56f8f4539e9bad19000a0776", "answers": [{"text": "Mustafa Kemal", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was a former Ottoman high-ranking officer?", "id": "56f8f4539e9bad19000a0777", "answers": [{"text": "Mustafa Kemal", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From the death of the Near East new nations were able to rise from the ashes, notably the Republic of Turkey. Paradoxically it now aligned itself with the west rather than with the east. Mustafa Kemal, its founder, a former Ottoman high-ranking officer, was insistent on this social revolution, which, among other changes, liberated women from the strait rules still in effect in most Arabic-speaking countries. The demise of the political Near East now left a gap where it had been, into which stepped the Middle East."}], ["Jika Norman nampaknya cuba mengubah dasar British, mungkin William Miller (1864-1945), wartawan dan pakar di Timur Dekat, yang melakukan yang paling dalam arah itu. Pada dasarnya, dia menandatangani wasiat kematian, untuk dikatakan, tentang Zaman Empayar. Kejatuhan Empayar Uthmaniyyah akhirnya memusnahkan semua yang lain juga. Dalam Perjalanan dan Politik di Timur Dekat, 1898, Miller mendakwa telah membuat empat perjalanan ke Balkan, 1894, 1896, 1897 dan 1898, dan pada asasnya, seorang pakar di \"Timur Dekat\", di mana dia terutamanya bermakna Balkan. Selain dari fakta bahawa dia menghadiri Oxford dan memainkan Rugby tidak banyak butiran biografi telah diisytiharkan. Dia berkuatkuasa (apa sahaja persatuan formalnya jika ada) seorang lelaki Inggeris di dekat kecerdasan timur. <> Apakah jangka hayat William Miller? || 1864-1945 <> Apakah William Miller seorang pakar? || Timur Dekat <> Jadi untuk bercakap, apa yang dilakukan William Miller? || menandatangani wasi kematian, supaya dapat dikatakan, tentang Age of Empires <> Di manakah Miller menghadiri sekolah? || Oxford", {"qas": [{"question": "What was William Miller's life span?", "id": "56f8f1b49e9bad19000a074b", "answers": [{"text": "1864\u20131945", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was William Miller an expert on?", "id": "56f8f1b49e9bad19000a074c", "answers": [{"text": "the Near East", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "So to speak, what did William Miller do?", "id": "56f8f1b49e9bad19000a074d", "answers": [{"text": "signed the death warrant, so to speak, of the Age of Empires", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Miller attend school?", "id": "56f8f1b49e9bad19000a074e", "answers": [{"text": "Oxford", "answer_start": 597}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "If Norman was apparently attempting to change British policy, it was perhaps William Miller (1864\u20131945), journalist and expert on the Near East, who did the most in that direction. In essence, he signed the death warrant, so to speak, of the Age of Empires. The fall of the Ottoman Empire ultimately enmeshed all the others as well. In the Travel and Politics in the Near East, 1898, Miller claimed to have made four trips to the Balkans, 1894, 1896, 1897 and 1898, and to be, in essence, an expert on \"the Near East,\" by which he primarily meant the Balkans. Apart from the fact that he attended Oxford and played Rugby not many biographical details have been promulgated. He was in effect (whatever his formal associations if any) a point man of British near eastern intelligence."}], ["Sekiranya Empayar British kini akan berdepan dengan Empayar Rusia, Empayar Uthmaniyyah tidak mempunyai pilihan selain untuk memupuk hubungan dengan Empayar Austro-Hungarian, yang disokong oleh Empayar Jerman. Dalam beberapa tahun penjajaran ini menjadi Triple Entente dan Perikatan Triple (telah ditubuhkan pada tahun 1882), yang sebahagiannya menjadi penyebab Perang Dunia I. Pada penghujungnya pada tahun 1918 tiga empayar telah hilang, keempat akan jatuh ke revolusi , dan dua lagi, British dan Perancis, dipaksa untuk menghasilkan dalam revolusi yang bermula di bawah kepercayaan ideologi mereka sendiri. <> Empayar Uthmaniyyah tidak mempunyai pilihan selain mengembangkan hubungan mereka dengan negara apa? || Empayar Austro-Hungarian <> Yang menyokong Empayar Austro-Hungary? || Empayar Jerman <> Siapa yang memihak kepada Empayar British? || Kerajaan Rusia <> Pembentukan Triple Entente dan Perikatan Triple sebahagiannya menyebabkan apa? || Perang Dunia I <> Pada tahun apakah tiga empayar hilang? || 1918", {"qas": [{"question": "The Ottoman Empire had no choice but to develop their relationship with what country?", "id": "56f8f36a9b226e1400dd11e4", "answers": [{"text": "Austro-Hungarian Empire", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who supported the Austro-Hungarian Empire?", "id": "56f8f36a9b226e1400dd11e5", "answers": [{"text": "the German Empire", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the British Empire side with?", "id": "56f8f36a9b226e1400dd11e6", "answers": [{"text": "the Russian Empire", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The formation of the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance partly caused what?", "id": "56f8f36a9b226e1400dd11e7", "answers": [{"text": "World War I", "answer_start": 348}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what year were three empires gone? ", "id": "56f8f36a9b226e1400dd11e8", "answers": [{"text": "1918", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "If the British Empire was now going to side with the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire had no choice but to cultivate a relationship with the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was supported by the German Empire. In a few years these alignments became the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance (already formed in 1882), which were in part a cause of World War I. By its end in 1918 three empires were gone, a fourth was about to fall to revolution, and two more, the British and French, were forced to yield in revolutions started under the aegis of their own ideologies."}], ["Perubahan ini terbukti dalam laporan pengembara British berpengaruh ke Balkan. Pada tahun 1894, Sir Henry Norman, seorang baronet, seorang wartawan, pergi ke Timur Jauh, kemudian menulis sebuah buku yang dipanggil The People and Politics of the Far East, yang keluar pada tahun 1895. Dengan \"Timur Jauh\" ia bermaksud Siberia, China, Jepun, Korea, Siam dan Tanah Melayu. Oleh kerana buku itu adalah satu kejayaan besar, dia pergi ke negeri Balkan bersama isterinya pada tahun 1896 untuk mengembangkan detail untuk sekuel, Rakyat dan Politik di Timur Dekat, yang Scribners merancang untuk menerbitkan pada tahun 1897. Puan Norman, seorang penulis dirinya, menulis surat bercahaya rumah dan orang Mme. Zakki, \"isteri seorang menteri kabinet Turki,\" yang, katanya, adalah seorang wanita yang ditanam di sebuah rumah negara penuh dengan buku. Bagi penduduk asli Balkan, mereka adalah \"orang yang beradab.\" <> Laporan dari siapa yang membuat perubahan itu jelas? || Pengembara Inggeris yang berpengaruh <> Di mana Sir Henry Norman melancong di 1894 || Timur Jauh <> Apa buku yang ditulis oleh Sir Henry Norman setelah melakukan perjalanan ke Timur Jauh? || Rakyat dan Politik di Timur Jauh <> Tahun apa buku Sir Henry Norman keluar? || 1895", {"qas": [{"question": "Reports from who made the change evident?", "id": "56f8ef1c9e9bad19000a072a", "answers": [{"text": "influential British travellers", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Sir Henry Norman travel in 1894", "id": "56f8ef1c9e9bad19000a072b", "answers": [{"text": "the Far East", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What book did Sir Henry Norman write after traveling to the Far East?", "id": "56f8ef1c9e9bad19000a072c", "answers": [{"text": "The Peoples and Politics of the Far East", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Sir Henry Norman's book come out? ", "id": "56f8ef1c9e9bad19000a072d", "answers": [{"text": "1895", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The change is evident in the reports of influential British travellers to the Balkans. In 1894, Sir Henry Norman, 1st Baronet, a journalist, travelled to the Far East, afterwards writing a book called The Peoples and Politics of the Far East, which came out in 1895. By \"Far East\" he meant Siberia, China, Japan, Korea, Siam and Malaya. As the book was a big success, he was off to the Balkan states with his wife in 1896 to develop detail for a sequel, The People and Politics of the Near East, which Scribners planned to publish in 1897. Mrs. Norman, a writer herself, wrote glowing letters of the home and person of Mme. Zakki, \"the wife of a Turkish cabinet minister,\" who, she said, was a cultivated woman living in a country home full of books. As for the natives of the Balkans, they were \"a semi-civilized people.\""}], ["Buku itu tidak pernah diterbitkan. Sebaliknya orang Norman berpaling ke New York. Norman menerbitkan buku perjalanan yang dirancangnya dengan penuh semangat bercampur dengan daya tahan terhadap Empayar Uthmaniyyah dalam sebuah artikel pada bulan Jun, 1896, dalam Majalah Scribner. Kekaisaran itu berasal dari tamadun yang tercerahkan memerintah atas orang-orang barbarians untuk kebaikan mereka sendiri untuk sesuatu yang jauh lebih sedikit. Perbezaannya ialah Pembantaian Hamidian, yang sedang dijalankan walaupun pasangan itu mengembara ke Balkan. Menurut Norman sekarang, kerajaan telah dibentuk oleh \"gerombolan muslim\" dari Asia, yang dihentikan oleh \"Hungary yang berani.\" Tambahan pula, \"Greece mengusir pemusnah turban orangnya\" dan sebagainya. Orang Rusia tiba-tiba pembebasan negara Balkan yang ditindas. Setelah menggambarkan orang Armenia sebagai revolusioner atas nama kebebasan dengan harapan diselamatkan oleh campur tangan Eropah Kristian, dia menyatakan \"tetapi harapannya sia-sia.\" England telah \"memalingkannya.\" Norman menyimpulkan nasihatnya dengan \"Di Balkan seseorang belajar untuk membenci Turk.\" Norman memastikan bahawa Gladstone membaca artikel itu. Putera Nicolas dari Montenegro menulis surat yang berterima kasih kepadanya atas artikelnya. <> Di mana Norman pergi ke bukannya menerbitkan buku itu? || New York <> Bilakah Norman menerbitkan bahagian buku perjalanan yang dirancang? || Jun, 1896 <> Majalah apa yang Norman menerbitkan karya beliau? || Majalah Scribner <> Siapa pembebasan negara Balkan yang ditindas? || The Russians <> Who did Norman say \"turned her back\"? || England", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did the Normans go off to instead of publishing the book?", "id": "56f8effd9e9bad19000a073b", "answers": [{"text": "New York", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Norman publish parts of his planned travel book?", "id": "56f8effd9e9bad19000a073c", "answers": [{"text": "June, 1896", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What magazine did Norman publish his work in?", "id": "56f8effd9e9bad19000a073d", "answers": [{"text": "Scribner's Magazine", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were liberators of oppressed Balkan states?", "id": "56f8effd9e9bad19000a073e", "answers": [{"text": "The Russians", "answer_start": 696}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Norman say \"turned her back\"?", "id": "56f8effd9e9bad19000a073f", "answers": [{"text": "England", "answer_start": 949}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The book was never published. Instead the Normans whirled off to New York. Norman published the gist of his planned travel book curiously mixed with vituperation against the Ottoman Empire in an article in June, 1896, in Scribner's Magazine. The empire had descended from an enlightened civilization ruling over barbarians for their own good to something considerably less. The difference was the Hamidian Massacres, which were being conducted even as the couple traveled the Balkans. According to Norman now, the empire had been established by \"the Moslem horde\" from Asia, which was stopped by \"intrepid Hungary.\" Furthermore, \"Greece shook off the turbaned destroyer of her people\" and so on. The Russians were suddenly liberators of oppressed Balkan states. Having portrayed the Armenians as revolutionaries in the name of freedom with the expectation of being rescued by the intervention of Christian Europe, he states \"but her hope was vain.\" England had \"turned her back.\" Norman concluded his exhortation with \"In the Balkans one learns to hate the Turk.\" Norman made sure that Gladstone read the article. Prince Nicolas of Montenegro wrote a letter thanking him for his article."}], ["Ternyata pelaut itu tidak berhubung dengan askar itu, sebagaimana Mahan percaya dia sedang melakukan inovasi istilah Timur Tengah. Walau bagaimanapun, ia sudah ada untuk dilihat. <> Siapa yang tidak berhubung dengan askar itu? || pelaut <> Apa yang Mahan percaya dia berinovasi? || istilah Timur Tengah <> Apa yang telah ada di sana untuk dilihat? || istilah Timur Tengah", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did not connect with the soldier?", "id": "56f8f7ba9b226e1400dd120c", "answers": [{"text": "the sailor", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Mahan believe he was innovating?", "id": "56f8f7ba9b226e1400dd120d", "answers": [{"text": "the term Middle East", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What had already been there to be seen?", "id": "56f8f7ba9b226e1400dd120e", "answers": [{"text": "the term Middle East", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Apparently the sailor did not connect with the soldier, as Mahan believed he was innovating the term Middle East. It was, however, already there to be seen."}], ["Kawasan-kawasan ini diduduki oleh \"lelaki coklat,\" dengan kuning di Timur Jauh dan hitam di Afrika. Isu warna tidak diselesaikan sehingga Kenya menjadi bebas pada tahun 1963, mengakhiri sisa terakhir Empayar Britania. <> Kawasan ini dihuni oleh siapa? || lelaki coklat <> Di mana di mana kuning? || Timur Jauh <> Dimana hitam? || Afrika <> Bilakah Kenya menjadi bebas? || 1963 <> Masalah warna tidak diselesaikan sehingga masa? || Kenya menjadi bebas", {"qas": [{"question": "These regions were occupied by who?", "id": "56f8fa3c9b226e1400dd1212", "answers": [{"text": "the brown men", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where where the yellow?", "id": "56f8fa3c9b226e1400dd1213", "answers": [{"text": "the Far East", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the black?", "id": "56f8fa3c9b226e1400dd1214", "answers": [{"text": "Africa", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Kenya become independent?", "id": "56f8fa3c9b226e1400dd1215", "answers": [{"text": "1963", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The color issue was not settled until when?", "id": "56f8fa3c9b226e1400dd1216", "answers": [{"text": "Kenya became independent", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "These regions were occupied by \"the brown men,\" with the yellow in the Far East and the black in Africa. The color issue was not settled until Kenya became independent in 1963, ending the last vestige of the British Empire."}], ["Kepribadian strategik kedua dari kalangan diplomatik dan tentera Amerika, Alfred Thayer Mahan, prihatin tentang kelemahan tentera laut laluan dagang di Teluk Parsi dan Lautan Hindi, berkomentar pada tahun 1902: <> Siapa ahli dari kalangan diplomatik dan tentera Amerika? || Alfred Thayer Mahan <> Apakah Alfred Thayer Mahan prihatin? || kelemahan tentera laut laluan perdagangan <> Bilakah Alfred Thayer Mahan mengulas laluan perdagangan? || 1902", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was a member of American diplomatic and military circles?", "id": "56f8f77f9e9bad19000a078d", "answers": [{"text": "Alfred Thayer Mahan", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Alfred Thayer Mahan concerned about?", "id": "56f8f77f9e9bad19000a078e", "answers": [{"text": "the naval vulnerability of the trade routes", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Alfred Thayer Mahan comment on the trade routes?", "id": "56f8f77f9e9bad19000a078f", "answers": [{"text": "1902", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A second strategic personality from American diplomatic and military circles, Alfred Thayer Mahan, concerned about the naval vulnerability of the trade routes in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean, commented in 1902:"}], ["Ancaman yang menyebabkan Gordon, diplomat dan pegawai tentera, untuk menerbitkan artikel itu adalah menyambung semula kerja di kereta api dari Rusia ke Teluk Parsi. Gordon, seorang pengarang yang diterbitkan, tidak menggunakan istilah itu sebelum ini, tetapi dia akan menggunakannya sejak itu. <> Apa ancaman yang menyebabkan Gordon menerbitkan artikelnya? || semula kerja di kereta api <> Siapa pegawai diplomat dan tentera? || Gordon <> Siapa yang tidak menggunakan istilah timur tengah sebelum ini dalam penerbitan? || Gordon", {"qas": [{"question": "What threat caused Gordon to publish his article?", "id": "56f8f72e9e9bad19000a0787", "answers": [{"text": "resumption of work on a railway", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was a diplomat and military officer?", "id": "56f8f72e9e9bad19000a0788", "answers": [{"text": "Gordon", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who had not used the term middle east previously in publications?", "id": "56f8f72e9e9bad19000a0789", "answers": [{"text": "Gordon", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The threat that caused Gordon, diplomat and military officer, to publish the article was resumption of work on a railway from Russia to the Persian Gulf. Gordon, a published author, had not used the term previously, but he was to use it from then on."}], ["Istilah \"Hampir dan Timur Tengah\" diadakan beberapa tahun sebelum Perang Dunia I. Ia terbukti kurang diterima oleh sudut pandang kolonial yang menyaksikan seluruh rantau sebagai satu. Pada tahun 1916 Kapten T.C. Fowle, 40 Pathans (tentera British India), menulis tentang perjalanan yang diambilnya dari Karachi ke Syria sebelum perang. Buku ini tidak mengandungi satu contoh \"Timur Dekat.\" Sebaliknya, seluruh rantau dianggap \"Timur Tengah.\" Sebelum ini, bahagian Timur Tengah perjalanannya kini \"Turki\" dan bukannya Uthmaniyyah. <> Bilakah istilah \"Berdekatan dan Timur Tengah\" memegang pentas? || beberapa tahun sebelum Perang Dunia I <> Apa yang terbukti kurang diterima oleh sudut pandang penjajah? || Istilah \"Hampir dan Timur Tengah,\" <> Kapan Kapten T.C. Fowle menulis tentang perjalanan yang telah diambilnya dari Karachi ke Syria? || 1916 <> Siapa Pathans ke-40? || (tentera British India <> Dalam buku Fowle menulis, apa yang seluruh wilayah dianggap? || \"Timur Tengah.", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the term \"Near and Middle East\" hold stage?", "id": "56f8fb439b226e1400dd1226", "answers": [{"text": "a few years before World War I", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What proved to be less acceptable to a colonial point of view?", "id": "56f8fb439b226e1400dd1227", "answers": [{"text": "The term \"Near and Middle East,\"", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Captain T.C. Fowle write of a trip he had taken from Karachi to Syria?", "id": "56f8fb439b226e1400dd1228", "answers": [{"text": "1916", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were the 40th Pathans?", "id": "56f8fb439b226e1400dd1229", "answers": [{"text": "(troops of British India", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the book Fowle wrote, what is the entire region considered?", "id": "56f8fb439b226e1400dd122a", "answers": [{"text": "\"the Middle East.", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The term \"Near and Middle East,\" held the stage for a few years before World War I. It proved to be less acceptable to a colonial point of view that saw the entire region as one. In 1916 Captain T.C. Fowle, 40th Pathans (troops of British India), wrote of a trip he had taken from Karachi to Syria just before the war. The book does not contain a single instance of \"Near East.\" Instead, the entire region is considered \"the Middle East.\" The formerly Near Eastern sections of his trip are now \"Turkish\" and not Ottoman."}], ["Penggunaan istilah Timur Tengah sebagai rantau hal ehwal antarabangsa nampaknya bermula di kalangan diplomatik British dan Amerika yang agak bebas dari satu sama lain atas keprihatinan terhadap keselamatan negara yang sama: Iran, kemudian diketahui di barat sebagai Persia. Pada tahun 1900 Thomas Edward Gordon menerbitkan sebuah artikel, Masalah Timur Tengah, yang bermula: <> Dimana penggunaan istilah Timur Tengah sebagai rantau hal ehwal antarabangsa bermula? || di kalangan diplomatik British dan Amerika <> Apa yang diketahui Iran di barat? || Persia <> Kapan Thomas Edward Gordon menerbitkan \"Masalah Timur Tengah\"? || 1900 <> Artikel apakah yang disiarkan oleh Thomas Edward Gordon? || Masalah Timur Tengah <> Masalah Timur Tengah telah diterbitkan oleh siapa? || Thomas Edward Gordon", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did the use of the term Middle East as a region of international affairs begin?", "id": "56f8f65b9b226e1400dd1202", "answers": [{"text": "in British and American diplomatic circles", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Iran known as to the west?", "id": "56f8f65b9b226e1400dd1203", "answers": [{"text": "Persia", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Thomas Edward Gordon publish \"The Problem of the Middle East\"?", "id": "56f8f65b9b226e1400dd1204", "answers": [{"text": "1900", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What article did Thomas Edward Gordon publish?", "id": "56f8f65b9b226e1400dd1205", "answers": [{"text": "The Problem of the Middle East", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The problem of the Middle East was published by who?", "id": "56f8f65b9b226e1400dd1206", "answers": [{"text": "Thomas Edward Gordon", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The use of the term Middle East as a region of international affairs apparently began in British and American diplomatic circles quite independently of each other over concern for the security of the same country: Iran, then known to the west as Persia. In 1900 Thomas Edward Gordon published an article, The Problem of the Middle East, which began:"}], ["Dasar perpaduan Simpson adalah warna dan kekuasaan penjajah. Carta warnanya mengiktiraf spektrum hitam, coklat dan kuning, yang pada masa itu telah tradisional sejak akhir abad ke-19. Selain daripada itu, \"bangsa putih yang hebat\", yang Simpson sederhana sedang merosot ke dalam perlumbaan putih. Putih-putih yang hebat telah muncul semenjak tahun 1920-an karya James Henry Breasted, yang telah diajarkan sebagai Injil sejarah purba sepanjang separuh pertama abad ke-20. Panjang gelombang merah adalah terutamanya kepentingan di Amerika. Persoalan timur diubahsuai oleh Simpson kepada \"Masalah Timur yang Berdekatan,\" yang tidak ada hubungannya dengan Uthmaniyyah tetapi segala-galanya berkaitan dengan penjajahan British. Simpson menulis tentang lelaki kulit putih: <> Apakah asas perpaduan Simpson? || warna dan penjajahan penjajah <> Orang kulit putih yang muncul begitu lambat masa? || 1920-an <> Dalam karya-karyanya adalah putih yang hebat? || James Henry Breasted <> Apa yang paling penting di Amerika? || Panjang gelombang merah", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the basis of Simpson's unity?", "id": "56f8f9f49e9bad19000a079b", "answers": [{"text": "color and colonial subjection", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The great whites were appearing as late as what time?", "id": "56f8f9f49e9bad19000a079c", "answers": [{"text": "the 1920s", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In whose works were the great whites appearing?", "id": "56f8f9f49e9bad19000a079d", "answers": [{"text": "James Henry Breasted", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was mainly of interest in America?", "id": "56f8f9f49e9bad19000a079e", "answers": [{"text": "A red wavelength", "answer_start": 495}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The basis of Simpson's unity is color and colonial subjection. His color chart recognizes a spectrum of black, brown and yellow, which at the time had been traditional since the late 19th century. Apart from these was \"the great white race\", which the moderate Simpson tones down to simply the white race. The great whites were appearing as late as the 1920s works of James Henry Breasted, which were taught as the gospel of ancient history throughout the entire first half of the 20th century. A red wavelength was mainly of interest in America. The eastern question was modified by Simpson to \"The Problem of the Nearer East,\" which had nothing to do with the Ottomans but everything to do with British colonialism. Simpson wrote of the white man:"}], ["Sehingga tempoh selepas Perang Dunia I Timur Dekat dan Timur Tengah wujud bersama, tetapi mereka tidak selalu dilihat sebagai berbeza. Bertram Lenox Simpson, seorang pegawai penjajah yang terbunuh akhirnya di China, menggunakan istilah bersama dalam buku 1910, The Conflict of Color, sebagai \"Dekat dan Timur Tengah.\" Jumlah wilayah super terdiri daripada \"India, Afghanistan, Persia, Arabistan, Asia Kecil, dan yang terakhir, tetapi paling tidak, Mesir.\" Simpson (di bawah pena namanya, Weale) menerangkan bahawa seluruh rantau ini \"adalah satu rantau politik - walaupun bahagian-bahagian yang dibahagikan secara akademik.\" Istilahnya sendiri memulihkan \"Timur Jauh\" yang bertentangan dengan \"Timur Jauh.\" <> Timur Dekat dan Timur Tengah bersekongkol sehingga tempoh apa? || tempoh selepas Perang Dunia I <> Siapa pegawai penjajah yang dibunuh di China? || Bertram Lenox Simpson <> Siapa yang menulis buku 1910 'The Conflict of Color'? || Bertram Lenox Simpson <> Apa nama pena Simpson? || Weale", {"qas": [{"question": "The Near East and the Middle East coexisted until what period?", "id": "56f8f96c9e9bad19000a0793", "answers": [{"text": "the period following World War I", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the colonial officer killed in China?", "id": "56f8f96c9e9bad19000a0794", "answers": [{"text": "Bertram Lenox Simpson", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the 1910 book 'The Conflict of Color'?", "id": "56f8f96c9e9bad19000a0795", "answers": [{"text": "Bertram Lenox Simpson", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Simpson's pen-name?", "id": "56f8f96c9e9bad19000a0796", "answers": [{"text": "Weale", "answer_start": 443}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Until the period following World War I the Near East and the Middle East coexisted, but they were not always seen as distinct. Bertram Lenox Simpson, a colonial officer killed eventually in China, uses the terms together in his 1910 book, The Conflict of Color, as \"the Near and Middle East.\" The total super-region consisted of \"India, Afghanistan, Persia, Arabistan, Asia Minor, and last, but not least, Egypt.\" Simpson (under his pen-name, Weale) explains that this entire region \"is politically one region \u2013 in spite of the divisions into which it is academically divided.\" His own term revives \"the Nearer East\" as opposed to \"the Far East.\""}], ["Pandangan ini mendedahkan niat Kristian yang agak kurang daripada Kerajaan British; Walau bagaimanapun, ia adalah paradoks dari awal, seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Simpson dan kebanyakan penulis lain. Para Uthmaniyyah digambarkan sebagai penyimpan, tetapi walaupun armada Amerika dan British telah menarik perhatian para perompak Barbary atas nama kebebasan, negara mereka telah mempromosikan perdagangan hamba Afrika yang kuat untuk mereka sendiri. Charles George Gordon dikenali sebagai orang suci dari semua pegawai penjajah British. Seorang Kristian yang berdedikasi, dia meluangkan masa antara tugasan yang tinggal di kalangan orang miskin dan mendermakan gajinya bagi pihak mereka. Dia memenangi keyakinan Uthmaniyyah sebagai pegawai junior dalam Perang Krimea. Dalam kariernya yang lalu, beliau menjadi pegawai tinggi di Empayar Uthmaniyyah, bekerja sebagai Gabenor Mesir untuk kudus Uthmaniyyah untuk tujuan mengendalikan kempen menentang pengkhianat dan perhambaan di Mesir dan Sudan. <> Ottoman digambarkan sebagai apa? || orang-orang penyembelih <> Yang dikenal sebagai orang suci dari semua pegawai penjajah Inggeris? || Charles George Gordon <> Apakah Charles George Gordon menghabiskan waktunya antara? || tugasan yang tinggal di kalangan orang miskin dan menyumbangkan gajinya <> Bilakah dia menang keyakinan Uthmaniyyah? || sebagai pegawai junior dalam Perang Krimea <> Apa yang dia menjadi dalam kerjayanya kemudiannya? || seorang pegawai tinggi di Empayar Uthmaniyyah", {"qas": [{"question": "The Ottomans were portrayed as what?", "id": "56f8fab19b226e1400dd121c", "answers": [{"text": "the slavers", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is known as the saint of all British colonial officers?", "id": "56f8fab19b226e1400dd121d", "answers": [{"text": "Charles George Gordon", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Charles George Gordon spend his time between?", "id": "56f8fab19b226e1400dd121e", "answers": [{"text": "assignments living among the poor and donating his salary", "answer_start": 538}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did he win Ottoman confidence?", "id": "56f8fab19b226e1400dd121f", "answers": [{"text": "as a junior officer in the Crimean War", "answer_start": 639}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did he become in his later career?", "id": "56f8fab19b226e1400dd1220", "answers": [{"text": "a high official in the Ottoman Empire", "answer_start": 709}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "This view reveals a somewhat less than altruistic Christian intent of the British Empire; however, it was paradoxical from the beginning, as Simpson and most other writers pointed out. The Ottomans were portrayed as the slavers, but even as the American and British fleets were striking at the Barbary pirates on behalf of freedom, their countries were promulgating a vigorous African slave trade of their own. Charles George Gordon is known as the saint of all British colonial officers. A dedicated Christian, he spent his time between assignments living among the poor and donating his salary on their behalf. He won Ottoman confidence as a junior officer in the Crimean War. In his later career he became a high official in the Ottoman Empire, working as Governor of Egypt for the Ottoman khedive for the purpose of conducting campaigns against slavers and slavery in Egypt and the Sudan."}], ["Istilah timur tengah sebagai kata nama dan kata sifat adalah umum pada abad ke-19 dalam hampir semua konteks kecuali diplomasi dan arkeologi. Bilangan tempat yang tidak dapat dijumpai kelihatannya mempunyai timur tengah dari kebun-kebun ke kawasan, termasuk Amerika Syarikat. Inovasi istilah \"Dekat Timur\" bermaksud penguasaan Empayar Uthmaniyyah seawal Perang Krimea telah meninggalkan jurang geografi. Hindia Timur, atau \"Timur Jauh,\" yang diperoleh dari Ptolemy's \"India Beyond the Ganges.\" Empayar Uthmaniyyah berakhir di sempadan timur Iraq. \"India Side of the Ganges\" dan Iran telah ditinggalkan. Ahli arkeologi menghitung Iran sebagai \"Timur Dekat\" kerana cuneiform Parsi Lama telah dijumpai di sana. Penggunaan ini tidak baik dengan diplomat; India ditinggalkan dalam keadaan yang samar-samar. Mereka memerlukan istilah serantau. <> Bilakah istilah timur tengah biasa sebagai kata nama dan kata sifat? || abad ke-19 <> Timur Tengah tidak biasa dalam diplomasi dan apa konteks lain? || arkeologi <> Di manakah \"Timur Jauh\" berasal dari? || Ptolemy's \"India Beyond the Ganges.\" <> Dimana berakhirnya Empayar Uthmaniyyah? || sempadan timur Iraq <> Mengapa ahli arkeologi menghitung Iran sebagai \"Timur Dekat\"? || kerana cuneiform Parsi Lama telah dijumpai di sana", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the term middle east common as a noun and adjective?", "id": "56f8f52a9e9bad19000a077d", "answers": [{"text": "the 19th century", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The middle east was not common in diplomacy and what other context?", "id": "56f8f52a9e9bad19000a077e", "answers": [{"text": "archaeology", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the \"Far East\" derive from? ", "id": "56f8f52a9e9bad19000a077f", "answers": [{"text": "Ptolemy's \"India Beyond the Ganges.\"", "answer_start": 453}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the Ottoman Empire end?", "id": "56f8f52a9e9bad19000a0780", "answers": [{"text": "the eastern border of Iraq", "answer_start": 518}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did archaeologists count Iran as \"The Near East\"?", "id": "56f8f52a9e9bad19000a0781", "answers": [{"text": "because Old Persian cuneiform had been found there", "answer_start": 656}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The term middle east as a noun and adjective was common in the 19th century in nearly every context except diplomacy and archaeology. An uncountable number of places appear to have had their middle easts from gardens to regions, including the United States. The innovation of the term \"Near East\" to mean the holdings of the Ottoman Empire as early as the Crimean War had left a geographical gap. The East Indies, or \"Far East,\" derived ultimately from Ptolemy's \"India Beyond the Ganges.\" The Ottoman Empire ended at the eastern border of Iraq. \"India This Side of the Ganges\" and Iran had been omitted. The archaeologists counted Iran as \"the Near East\" because Old Persian cuneiform had been found there. This usage did not sit well with the diplomats; India was left in an equivocal state. They needed a regional term."}], ["Seterusnya dengan kehinaan \"Timur Dekat\" dalam kalangan diplomatik dan tentera, \"Timur Tengah\" menang. Walau bagaimanapun, \"Dekat Timur\" terus di beberapa kalangan mengikut budi bicara agensi penentu atau jabatan akademik. Mereka tidak dianggap sebagai kawasan yang berbeza kerana mereka berada pada definisi asal mereka. <> Apa yang berlaku dengan kehinaan \"Timur Dekat\"? || \"Timur Tengah\" <> Apa yang berterusan dalam beberapa kalangan mengikut budi bicara agensi penentu atau jabatan akademik? || Berhampiran Timur <> Istilah apa yang dipalukan dalam kalangan diplomatik dan tentera? || Berdekatan Timur", {"qas": [{"question": "What prevailed with the disgrace of \"Near East\"?", "id": "56f8fba19b226e1400dd1230", "answers": [{"text": "\"Middle East\"", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What continues in some circles at the discretion of the defining agency or academic department?", "id": "56f8fba19b226e1400dd1231", "answers": [{"text": "Near East", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term was disgraced in diplomatic and military circles?", "id": "56f8fba19b226e1400dd1232", "answers": [{"text": "Near East", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Subsequently with the disgrace of \"Near East\" in diplomatic and military circles, \"Middle East\" prevailed. However, \"Near East\" continues in some circles at the discretion of the defining agency or academic department. They are not generally considered distinct regions as they were at their original definition."}], ["Institut Washington untuk Dasar Timur (WINEP) adalah organisasi bukan keuntungan untuk penyelidikan dan nasihat mengenai dasar Timur Tengah. Ia menganggap negara-negara sasaran sebagai Timur Tengah tetapi mengamalkan konvensyen memanggil mereka di Timur Jauh untuk mematuhi amalan Jabatan Negara. Pandangannya adalah bebas. WINEP mengikat negara-negara Afrika Barat Laut bersama-sama di bawah \"Afrika Utara.\" Butiran boleh didapati di Fokus Dasar # 65. <> Apa itu WINEP? || The Washington Institute for Near East Policy <> Apakah negara sasaran WINEPS sebagai? || Timur Tengah <> Bagaimana WINEP mengikat negara Afrika Barat Laut? || di bawah \"Afrika Utara.\"", {"qas": [{"question": "What is WINEP?", "id": "56f8ff969b226e1400dd124a", "answers": [{"text": "The Washington Institute for Near East Policy", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is WINEPS target countries as?", "id": "56f8ff969b226e1400dd124b", "answers": [{"text": "the Middle East", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does WINEP bundle the countries of Northwest Africa?", "id": "56f8ff969b226e1400dd124c", "answers": [{"text": "under \"North Africa.\"", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. Its views are independent. The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under \"North Africa.\" Details can be found in Policy Focus #65."}], ["Biro Hal Ehwal Dekat Timur, sebuah bahagian dari Jabatan Negara Amerika Syarikat, mungkin agensi paling berpengaruh masih menggunakan istilah Timur Dekat. Di bawah Setiausaha Negara, ia melaksanakan diplomasi rasmi Amerika Syarikat, yang juga disebut statecraft oleh Setiausaha Clinton. Nama Biro bersifat tradisional dan bersejarah. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak terdapat Timur Tengah yang berbeza. Semua urusan rasmi Timur Tengah dirujuk ke biro ini. <> Biro Hal Ehwal Dekat Timur adalah pembahagian apa? || Jabatan Negara Amerika Syarikat <> Apa yang mungkin agensi paling berpengaruh masih menggunakan istilah Timur Dekat? || Biro Hal Ehwal Dekat Timur <> Setiausaha Clinton juga menyebut pelaksanaan diplomasi resmi Amerika Serikat apa? || statecraft", {"qas": [{"question": "The Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs is a division of what?", "id": "56f8fedd9e9bad19000a07a9", "answers": [{"text": "the United States Department of State", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is perhaps the most influential agency to still use the term Near East?", "id": "56f8fedd9e9bad19000a07aa", "answers": [{"text": "The Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Secretary Clinton also calls the implementation of official diplomacy of the United States what?", "id": "56f8fedd9e9bad19000a07ab", "answers": [{"text": "statecraft", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, a division of the United States Department of State, is perhaps the most influential agency to still use the term Near East. Under the Secretary of State, it implements the official diplomacy of the United States, called also statecraft by Secretary Clinton. The name of the bureau is traditional and historic. There is, however, no distinct Middle East. All official Middle Eastern affairs are referred to this bureau."}], ["Walaupun definisi perkauman dan penjajah di Timur Tengah tidak lagi dipertimbangkan secara ideologi, sentimen perpaduan tetap berlaku. Sebilangan besar, tetapi tidak semestinya, di Timur Tengah, dominasi Islam meminjamkan perpaduan, seperti kemalangan geografi berterusan. Sekiranya tidak terdapat sedikit asas kecuali sejarah dan konvensyen untuk mengumpulkan semua orang, bahasa, bahasa, kesetiaan dan kastam yang tidak berkaitan. <> Apa sentimen yang berterusan walaupun takrif kaum dan penjajah di Timur Tengah tidak lagi bunyi ideologi? || sentimen perpaduan <> Apakah definisi di Timur Tengah tidak lagi sesuai dengan ideologi? || definisi kaum dan penjajah <> Apakah definisi perkauman dan penjajah di Timur Tengah yang dipertimbangkan? || tidak lagi dipertimbangkan secara ideologi", {"qas": [{"question": "What sentiment persists even though racial and colonial definitions of the Middle East are no longer ideologically sound?", "id": "56f8fc749e9bad19000a07a3", "answers": [{"text": "sentiment of unity", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What definitions of the Middle East are no longer ideologically sound?", "id": "56f8fc749e9bad19000a07a4", "answers": [{"text": "racial and colonial definitions", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are racial and colonial definitions of the Middle East considered?", "id": "56f8fc749e9bad19000a07a5", "answers": [{"text": "no longer considered ideologically sound", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although racial and colonial definitions of the Middle East are no longer considered ideologically sound, the sentiment of unity persists. For much, but by no means all, of the Middle East, the predominance of Islam lends some unity, as does the transient accident of geographical continuity. Otherwise there is but little basis except for history and convention to lump together peoples of multiple, often unrelated languages, governments, loyalties and customs."}], ["Perpustakaan Kongres (LoC) adalah sebuah institusi yang ditubuhkan oleh Kongres untuk menyediakan perpustakaan penyelidikan untuk kerajaan Amerika Syarikat dan berfungsi sebagai perpustakaan nasional. Ia berada di bawah pengawasan Jawatankuasa Bersama Kongres Amerika Syarikat di Perpustakaan dan Pustakawan Kongres. Timur Dekat adalah topik dan pembahagian yang berasingan bagi bahagian Afrika dan Timur Tengah. Timur Tengah mengandungi seksyen Hebraic yang terdiri daripada hanya Israel untuk sebuah negara, tetapi termasuk sebelas bahasa moden dan purba yang berkaitan dengan Judaisme, seperti bahasa Yiddish, bahasa pidgin Eropah. Timur Dekat seolah-olah hampir sama dengan Timur Tengah, kecuali ia sebahagiannya meluas ke Asia Tengah dan Caucasus, wilayah-wilayah yang dianggap oleh Jabatan Negara di Asia. <> Apa yang berlaku untuk LoC? || Perpustakaan Kongres <> Apakah Perpustakaan Kongres? || sebuah institusi yang ditubuhkan oleh Kongres untuk menyediakan perpustakaan penyelidikan untuk kerajaan <> Perpustakaan Kongres di bawah pengawasannya? || Jawatankuasa Bersama Kongres Amerika Syarikat di Perpustakaan", {"qas": [{"question": "What does LoC stand for?", "id": "56f8ffed9b226e1400dd1250", "answers": [{"text": "The Library of Congress", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Library of Congress?", "id": "56f8ffed9b226e1400dd1251", "answers": [{"text": "an institution established by Congress to provide a research library for the government", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Library of Congress is under whose supervision?", "id": "56f8ffed9b226e1400dd1252", "answers": [{"text": "the United States Congress Joint Committee on the Library", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Library of Congress (LoC) is an institution established by Congress to provide a research library for the government of the United States and serve as a national library. It is under the supervision of the United States Congress Joint Committee on the Library and the Librarian of Congress. The Near East is a separate topic and subdivision of the African and Middle Eastern division. The Middle East contains a Hebraic section consisting of only Israel for a country, but including eleven modern and ancient languages relating to Judaism, such as Yiddish, a European pidgin language. The Near East is otherwise nearly identical to the Middle East, except that it extends partly into Central Asia and the Caucasus, regions that the State Department considers to be in Asia."}], ["Amerika Syarikat adalah negara yang paling utama untuk menugaskan tanggungjawab rasmi ke kawasan yang dikenali sebagai Timur Dekat. Di dalam kerajaan, Jabatan Negara telah paling berpengaruh dalam mengumumkan sistem serantau Dekat Timur. Negara-negara bekas empayar abad ke-19 secara umum telah meninggalkan istilah dan subbahagian yang memihak kepada Timur Tengah, Afrika Utara dan pelbagai bentuk Asia. Dalam banyak kes, seperti Perancis, tiada substruktur serantau yang telah digunakan. Setiap negara mempunyai alat diplomatik Perancis sendiri, walaupun istilah serantau, termasuk Proche-Orient dan Moyen-Orient, boleh digunakan dalam arti deskriptif. Agensi paling berpengaruh di Amerika Syarikat masih menggunakan Near East sebagai konsep kerja adalah seperti berikut. <> Apa yang menjadi ketua negara yang tersisa untuk menugaskan tanggungjawab rasmi ke kawasan yang dikenali sebagai Timur Dekat? || Amerika Syarikat <> Apakah jabatan negara paling berpengaruh dalam mempromosikan? || sistem kawasan Dekat Timur <> Siapa yang telah meninggalkan istilah Dekat Timur? || Negara-negara bekas empayar abad ke-19", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the chief remaining nation to assign official responsibilities to a region called the Near East?", "id": "56f8fe559b226e1400dd123e", "answers": [{"text": "The United States", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has the state department been most influential in promulgating?", "id": "56f8fe559b226e1400dd123f", "answers": [{"text": "the Near Eastern regional system", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who has abandoned the term Near East?", "id": "56f8fe559b226e1400dd1240", "answers": [{"text": "The countries of the former empires of the 19th century", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The United States is the chief remaining nation to assign official responsibilities to a region called the Near East. Within the government the State Department has been most influential in promulgating the Near Eastern regional system. The countries of the former empires of the 19th century have in general abandoned the term and the subdivision in favor of Middle East, North Africa and various forms of Asia. In many cases, such as France, no distinct regional substructures have been employed. Each country has its own French diplomatic apparatus, although regional terms, including Proche-Orient and Moyen-Orient, may be used in a descriptive sense. The most influential agencies in the United States still using Near East as a working concept are as follows."}], ["Bekerja rapat bersempena dengan definisi Timur Dekat yang disediakan oleh Jabatan Negara ialah Pusat Kajian Strategik (NESA) Pusat Timur Asia Selatan, sebuah institusi pendidikan Jabatan Pertahanan Amerika Syarikat. Ia mengajar kursus dan mengadakan seminar dan bengkel untuk pegawai kerajaan dan pegawai tentera yang akan bekerja atau bekerja di rantaunya. Seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh namanya, rantau itu adalah kombinasi wilayah Jabatan Negara; Walau bagaimanapun, NESA berhati-hati untuk mengenal pasti wilayah Jabatan Negara. Oleh kerana Timur Dekatnya tidak berbeza dari Jabatan Negara, ia tidak muncul di dalam jadual. Walau bagaimanapun, namanya tidak sepenuhnya tepat. Sebagai contoh, wilayahnya termasuk Mauritania, seorang anggota Jabatan Negara Afrika (Sub-Sahara). <> Siapa yang bekerja rapat dengan definisi Timur Dekat? || Pusat Pusat Pengajian Strategik Asia Timur Tengah (NESA) <> Apa itu NESA? || sebuah institusi pendidikan Jabatan Pertahanan Amerika Syarikat <> Apa yang diajar oleh NESA? || Ia mengajar kursus dan mengadakan seminar dan bengkel", {"qas": [{"question": "Who works closely with the definition of the Near East?", "id": "56f8ff3d9b226e1400dd1244", "answers": [{"text": "the Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies (NESA)", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is NESA?", "id": "56f8ff3d9b226e1400dd1245", "answers": [{"text": "an educational institution of the United States Department of Defense", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does NESA Teach?", "id": "56f8ff3d9b226e1400dd1246", "answers": [{"text": "It teaches courses and holds seminars and workshops", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Working closely in conjunction with the definition of the Near East provided by the State Department is the Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies (NESA), an educational institution of the United States Department of Defense. It teaches courses and holds seminars and workshops for government officials and military officers who will work or are working within its region. As the name indicates, that region is a combination of State Department regions; however, NESA is careful to identify the State Department region. As its Near East is not different from the State Department's it does not appear in the table. Its name, however, is not entirely accurate. For example, its region includes Mauritania, a member of the State Department's Africa (Sub-Sahara)."}], ["Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu merumuskan beberapa bahagian serantau yang mudah untuk pelbagai operasi. Tetapi beberapa daripadanya termasuk Timur Dekat, dan yang kurang jelas. UNICEF mengiktiraf wilayah \"Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara\", di mana Timur Tengah dibatasi oleh Laut Merah di sebelah barat dan termasuk Iran di timur. UNESCO tidak mengiktiraf Timur Dekat atau Timur Tengah, membahagikan negara bukan di antara tiga wilayah: Negara Arab, Asia dan Pasifik, dan Afrika. Bahagiannya \"tidak secara paksa mencerminkan geografi\" tetapi \"merujuk kepada pelaksanaan aktiviti serantau.\" Bahagian Statistik Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (PBB) mentakrifkan Asia Barat untuk memasukkan negara-negara termasuk di tempat lain di Timur Tengah. Pertubuhan Makanan dan Pertanian (FAO) menerangkan keseluruhan teater operasi sebagai Timur Dekat, tetapi kemudian menyerahkan banyak anggotanya ke wilayah lain juga; contohnya, Cyprus, Malta dan Turki berada di kedua-dua wilayah Eropah dan Timur Dekat. Jumlah kawasannya terus berkembang ke Asia Tengah berbanding kebanyakan agensi. <> Siapa yang merumuskan pelbagai bahagian serantau yang mudah untuk pelbagai operasi? || Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu <> Yang mengiktiraf kawasan \"Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara\"? || UNICEF <> Bahagian Statistik Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu mendefinisikan Asia Barat untuk memasukkan apa? || negara-negara yang termasuk di tempat lain di Timur Tengah <> Organisasi Makanan dan Pertanian menggambarkan keseluruhan teater operasi sebagai apa? || Timur Dekat", {"qas": [{"question": "Who formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations?", "id": "56f900f69e9bad19000a07af", "answers": [{"text": "The United Nations", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who recognizes the \"Middle East and North Africa\" region?", "id": "56f900f69e9bad19000a07b0", "answers": [{"text": "UNICEF", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The United Nations Statistics Division defines Western Asia to contain what?", "id": "56f900f69e9bad19000a07b1", "answers": [{"text": "the countries included elsewhere in the Middle East", "answer_start": 649}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Food and Agriculture Organization describes its entire theater of operations as what?", "id": "56f900f69e9bad19000a07b2", "answers": [{"text": "the Near East", "answer_start": 792}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The United Nations formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations. But few of them include a Near East, and that poorly defined. UNICEF recognizes the \"Middle East and North Africa\" region, where the Middle East is bounded by the Red Sea on the west and includes Iran on the east. UNESCO recognizes neither a Near East nor a Middle East, dividing the countries instead among three regions: Arab States, Asia and the Pacific, and Africa. Its division \"does not forcibly reflect geography\" but \"refers to the execution of regional activities.\" The United Nations Statistics Division defines Western Asia to contain the countries included elsewhere in the Middle East. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) describes its entire theatre of operations as the Near East, but then assigns many of its members to other regions as well; for example, Cyprus, Malta and Turkey are in both the European and the Near Eastern regions. Its total area extends further into Central Asia than that of most agencies."}], ["Agensi Perisikan Pusat (CIA) adalah badan yang independen dari Pemerintah Amerika Serikat. Nampaknya mempunyai kepimpinan berganda. Di satu pihak pengarahnya dilantik oleh presiden. Ia memainkan peranan penting dalam menyediakan kepintaran presiden. Sebaliknya, Kongres menyelia operasinya melalui satu jawatankuasa. CIA pertama kali ditubuhkan di bawah Akta Keselamatan Nasional 1947 dari Pejabat Perkhidmatan Strategik tentera (OSS), yang menyediakan kedua-dua perisikan tentera dan operasi ketenteraan rahasia kepada tentera semasa krisis Perang Dunia II. Banyak revisi dan definisi semula telah berlaku sejak itu. Walaupun nama CIA mencerminkan maksud asal Presiden Franklin D. Roosevelt dan Harry S. Truman, kebutuhan pemerintah untuk layanan strategis telah kecewa dengan niat dari awal. Akhbar yang diterima oleh agensi dalam banyak artikel, novel dan media lain cenderung untuk mewujudkan pelbagai mitos yang popular; sebagai contoh, agensi ini menggantikan usaha perisikan selain daripada OSS, atau ia mengandungi keupayaan perisikan pusat Amerika Syarikat. Perkhidmatan strategik secara rasmi disediakan oleh 17 agensi yang dikenali sebagai Komuniti Perisikan. Perisikan tentera tidak berakhir; Malah, semua cawangan Angkatan Bersenjata mengekalkan perkhidmatan perisikan mereka. Komuniti ini kini berada di bawah kepimpinan (di samping semua kepimpinan yang lain) Pejabat Pengarah Perisikan Negara. <> Apakah agensi separa bebas daripada Kerajaan Amerika Syarikat? || Agensi Perisikan Pusat (CIA) <> CIA nampaknya mempunyai apa? || pelbagai kepimpinan <> Siapa yang melantik pengarah CIA? || presiden <> yang mengawasi operasi CIA? || Kongres", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a quasi-independent agency of the United States Government?", "id": "56f901629e9bad19000a07b7", "answers": [{"text": "The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The CIA appears to have what?", "id": "56f901629e9bad19000a07b8", "answers": [{"text": "multiple leadership", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who appoints the director of the CIA?", "id": "56f901629e9bad19000a07b9", "answers": [{"text": "the president", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who oversees the operations of the CIA?", "id": "56f901629e9bad19000a07ba", "answers": [{"text": "Congress", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a quasi-independent agency of the United States Government. It appears to have multiple leadership. On the one hand its director is appointed by the president. It plays a significant role in providing the president with intelligence. On the other hand, Congress oversees its operations through a committee. The CIA was first formed under the National Security Act of 1947 from the army's Office of Strategic Services (OSS), which furnished both military intelligence and clandestine military operations to the army during the crisis of World War II. Many revisions and redefinitions have taken place since then. Although the name of the CIA reflects the original advised intent of Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, the government's needs for strategic services have frustrated that intent from the beginning. The press received by the agency in countless articles, novels and other media have tended to create various popular myths; for example, that this agency replaced any intelligence effort other than that of the OSS, or that it contains the central intelligence capability of the United States. Strategic services are officially provided by some 17 agencies called the Intelligence Community. Army intelligence did not come to an end; in fact, all the branches of the Armed Forces retained their intelligence services. This community is currently under the leadership (in addition to all its other leadership) of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence."}], ["Pada abad ke-20 selepas beberapa dekad peperangan yang sengit dan istilah-istilah kegawatan politik seperti \"Timur Jauh\", \"Timur Jauh\" dan \"Timur Tengah\" telah diturunkan kepada pakar, terutama dalam bidang sains politik baru. Gelombang diplomat yang baru sering datang dari program tersebut. Arkeologi di arena antarabangsa, walaupun sangat menarik minat universiti utama, jatuh ke dalam bayang-bayang hubungan antarabangsa. Domain mereka menjadi Timur Dekat Kuno, yang tidak lagi dapat diandalkan sebagai Timur Dekat. Empayar Uthmaniyyah telah hilang, bersama dengan semua empayar yang lain pada abad ke-19, digantikan dengan republik bebas. Seseorang perlu mendamaikan masa kini dengan masa lalu. Kewajipan ini diwarisi oleh pelbagai agensi khusus yang dibentuk untuk menangani aspek-aspek tertentu hubungan antarabangsa, kini begitu rumit untuk melampaui skop dan kebolehan korp diplomatik dalam pengertian terdahulu. Dekat Timur kuno dibekukan dalam masa yang singkat. Penduduk Near East terutama yang dikatakan agensi-agensi itu. Dalam kebanyakan kes istilah tunggal ini tidak mencukupi untuk menerangkan pelbagai geografi operasi mereka. Hasilnya adalah pelbagai definisi. <> Bilakah istilah seperti \"Dekat Timur\", \"Timur Jauh\", dan \"Timur Tengah\" diturunkan kepada para pakar? || abad ke-20 <> Di manakah gelombang baru para diplomat sering datang? || bidang baru sains politik <> Di manakah arkeologi di adegan antarabangsa jatuh? || bayangan hubungan antarabangsa <> Apa yang menggantikan kerajaan-kerajaan yang jatuh pada abad ke-19? || republik bebas", {"qas": [{"question": "When were terms such as \"Near East\", \"Far East\", and \"Middle East\" relegated to the experts?", "id": "56f8fdaa9b226e1400dd1236", "answers": [{"text": "the 20th century", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the new wave of diplomats often come from?", "id": "56f8fdaa9b226e1400dd1237", "answers": [{"text": "the new field of political science", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did archaeology on the international scene fall into?", "id": "56f8fdaa9b226e1400dd1238", "answers": [{"text": "the shadow of international relations", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What replaced the fallen empires of the 19th century?", "id": "56f8fdaa9b226e1400dd1239", "answers": [{"text": "independent republics", "answer_start": 628}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 20th century after decades of intense warfare and political turmoil terms such as \"Near East\", \"Far East\" and \"Middle East\" were relegated to the experts, especially in the new field of political science. The new wave of diplomats often came from those programs. Archaeology on the international scene, although very much of intellectual interest to the major universities, fell into the shadow of international relations. Their domain became the Ancient Near East, which could no longer be relied upon to be the Near East. The Ottoman Empire was gone, along with all the other empires of the 19th century, replaced with independent republics. Someone had to reconcile the present with the past. This duty was inherited by various specialized agencies that were formed to handle specific aspects of international relations, now so complex as to be beyond the scope and abilities of a diplomatic corps in the former sense. The ancient Near East is frozen in time. The living Near East is primarily what the agencies say it is. In most cases this single term is inadequate to describe the geographical range of their operations. The result is multiple definitions."}], ["Selari dengan pertumbuhan agensi-agensi khusus untuk mengendalikan atau menyokong statecraft pada paruh kedua abad ke-20, pengumpulan sumber untuk biasiswa dan penyelidikan biasanya di set universiti. Kebanyakan universiti yang mengajar seni liberal mempunyai koleksi perpustakaan dan muzium. Ini bukan perkara baru; Walau bagaimanapun, pendiriannya ke dalam \"pusat\" kepentingan negara dan antarabangsa pada separuh kedua abad ke-20 telah mewujudkan pangkalan data yang lebih besar tidak tersedia kepada ulama masa lalu. Kebanyakan tumpuan ini terletak di Timur Dekat Kuning atau Dekat Timur dalam erti Timur Dekat Kuno. <> Apa yang kebanyakan universiti mengajar seni liberal? || perpustakaan dan koleksi muzium <> Apa yang mempunyai perkembangan yang sejajar pada abad ke-20? || pengumpulan sumber <> Apakah sumber-sumber ini dikumpulkan? || untuk biasiswa dan penyelidikan", {"qas": [{"question": "What do most universities teaching liberal arts have? ", "id": "56f9052e9e9bad19000a07e5", "answers": [{"text": "library and museum collections", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has had parallel growth of in the 20th century?", "id": "56f9052e9e9bad19000a07e6", "answers": [{"text": "the collection of resources", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are these resources collected for?", "id": "56f9052e9e9bad19000a07e7", "answers": [{"text": "for scholarship and research", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Parallel with the growth of specialized agencies for conducting or supporting statescraft in the second half of the 20th century has been the collection of resources for scholarship and research typically in university settings. Most universities teaching the liberal arts have library and museum collections. These are not new; however, the erection of these into \"centres\" of national and international interest in the second half of the 20th century have created larger databases not available to the scholars of the past. Many of these focus on the Ancient Near East or Near East in the sense of Ancient Near East."}], ["Satu institusi tersebut adalah Pusat Pengajian Dokumen Purna (CSAD) yang diasaskan dan terletak di pusat di Oxford University, Great Britain. Di antara banyak aktiviti CSAD nombornya \"sebuah projek jangka panjang untuk membuat perpustakaan imej digital dari inskripsi Yunani.\" Ini disusun mengikut wilayah. Mesir dan rantau Timur Dekat selain Mesir termasuk Cyprus, Persia dan Afghanistan tetapi tidak Asia Minor (rantau yang berasingan). <> Apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh CSAD? || Pusat Pengajian Dokumen Purba <> Siapa yang mengasaskan CSAD? || Oxford University <> Di mana Universiti Oxford? || Great Britain", {"qas": [{"question": "What does CSAD stand for?", "id": "56f905699e9bad19000a07eb", "answers": [{"text": "Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who founded the CSAD?", "id": "56f905699e9bad19000a07ec", "answers": [{"text": "Oxford University", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Oxford University?", "id": "56f905699e9bad19000a07ed", "answers": [{"text": "Great Britain", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One such institution is the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSAD) founded by and located centrally at Oxford University, Great Britain. Among its many activities CSAD numbers \"a long-term project to create a library of digitised images of Greek inscriptions.\" These it arranges by region. The Egypt and the Near East region besides Egypt includes Cyprus, Persia and Afghanistan but not Asia Minor (a separate region)."}], ["Pejabat Luar dan Komanwel United Kingdom mengiktiraf kawasan Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara, tetapi bukan Timur Dekat. Timur Tengah asli mereka memakan Timur Dekat sejauh Laut Merah, menyerahkan India ke rantau Asia dan Oceania, dan bergabung dengan Afrika Utara sejauh Atlantik. <> Pejabat Luar dan Komanwel United Kingdom mengiktiraf apa? || kawasan Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara <> Kawasan apa yang tidak dikenali oleh pejabat Luar dan Komanwel di United Kingdom? || Dekat Timur <> Apa yang menggunakan Timur Dekat sejauh Laut Merah? || Timur Tengah asal mereka", {"qas": [{"question": "The Foreign and Commonwealth Office of United Kingdom recognizes what?", "id": "56f903139e9bad19000a07cb", "answers": [{"text": "a Middle East and North Africa region", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What region does the Foreign and Commonwealth office of United Kingdom not recognize?", "id": "56f903139e9bad19000a07cc", "answers": [{"text": "Near East", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What consumed the Near East as far as the Red Sea?", "id": "56f903139e9bad19000a07cd", "answers": [{"text": "Their original Middle East", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Foreign and Commonwealth Office of United Kingdom recognises a Middle East and North Africa region, but not a Near East. Their original Middle East consumed the Near East as far as the Red Sea, ceded India to the Asia and Oceania region, and went into partnership with North Africa as far as the Atlantic."}], ["Agensi Pembangunan Antarabangsa A.S. (USAID), sebuah agensi bebas di bawah Jabatan Negara yang ditubuhkan di tempat Rencana Marshall untuk tujuan menentukan dan mengedarkan bantuan asing, tidak menggunakan istilah Timur Jauh. Takrifan Timur Tengah sepadan dengan Jabatan Negara, yang secara rasmi lebih memilih istilah Timur Dekat. <> Apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh USAID? || A.S. Agency for International Development <> Apakah agensi independen di bawah Jabatan Negara untuk tujuan menentukan dan mengedarkan bantuan asing? || USAID <> Apakah istilah USAID tidak digunakan? || istilah Dekat Timur", {"qas": [{"question": "What does USAID stand for?", "id": "56f902ac9e9bad19000a07c5", "answers": [{"text": "U.S. Agency for International Development", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the independant agency under the Department of State for the purpose of determining and distributing foreign aid called?", "id": "56f902ac9e9bad19000a07c6", "answers": [{"text": "USAID", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term does USAID not use?", "id": "56f902ac9e9bad19000a07c7", "answers": [{"text": "the term Near East", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), an independent agency under the Department of State established in place of the Marshall Plan for the purpose of determining and distributing foreign aid, does not use the term Near East. Its definition of Middle East corresponds to that of the State Department, which officially prefers the term Near East."}], ["Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Greece menjalankan \"hubungan dua hala\" dengan negara-negara \"Mediterranean - Timur Tengah Wilayah\" tetapi telah merumuskan tiada Wilayah Timur Jauh. Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Turki juga tidak menggunakan istilah Timur Jauh. Wilayahnya termasuk Timur Tengah, Balkan dan lain-lain. <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Greece? || \"hubungan dua hala\" <> Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Turki tidak menggunakan istilah apa? || Berhampiran Timur <> Timur Tengah, Balkan dan lain-lain dimasukkan ke dalam republik apa? || Republik Turki", {"qas": [{"question": "What does the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Greece conduct?", "id": "56f903a79e9bad19000a07d1", "answers": [{"text": "\"bilateral relationships\"", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey does not use what term?", "id": "56f903a79e9bad19000a07d2", "answers": [{"text": "Near East", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Middle East, the Balkans and others are included in what republic?", "id": "56f903a79e9bad19000a07d3", "answers": [{"text": "Republic of Turkey", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Greece conducts \"bilateral relationships\" with the countries of the \"Mediterranean \u2013 Middle East Region\" but has formulated no Near East Region. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey also does not use the term Near East. Its regions include the Middle East, the Balkans and others."}], ["Walaubagaimanapun, untuk melancarkan peranti lisan ini, tidak melindungi \"Timur Dekat Purba\" dari serangan \"Timur Tengah\". Sebagai contoh, titik yang tinggi dalam penggunaan \"Timur Dekat Purba\" adalah untuk para sarjana Injil Teks Dekat Purba Kuno yang berkaitan dengan Perjanjian Lama oleh James Bennett Pritchard, buku teks edisi pertama bertarikh 1950. Buku besar terakhir yang ditulis oleh Leonard Woolley , Ahli arkeologi British, penggali Ur purba dan sekutu TE Lawrence dan Arthur Evans, adalah Seni Timur Tengah, Termasuk Persia, Mesopotamia dan Palestin, yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1961. Woolley telah menyelesaikannya pada tahun 1960 dua minggu sebelum kematiannya. Julat geografi dalam setiap kes adalah sama. <> James Bennett Pritchard menulis apa? || Teks yang berkaitan dengan Perjanjian Lama <> Bilakah James Bennett Pritchard menulis buku teksnya? || 1950 <> Siapa ahli arkeologi British? || Leonard Woolley <> Siapa yang menggali Ur purba? || Leonard Woolley", {"qas": [{"question": "James Bennett Pritchard wrote what?", "id": "56f904a39e9bad19000a07dd", "answers": [{"text": "Texts relating to the Old Testament", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did James Bennett Pritchard write his textbook?", "id": "56f904a39e9bad19000a07de", "answers": [{"text": "1950", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was a British archaeologist?", "id": "56f904a39e9bad19000a07df", "answers": [{"text": "Leonard Woolley", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who excavated ancient Ur?", "id": "56f904a39e9bad19000a07e0", "answers": [{"text": "Leonard Woolley", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Resorting to this verbal device, however, did not protect the \"Ancient Near East\" from the inroads of \"the Middle East.\" For example, a high point in the use of \"Ancient Near East\" was for Biblical scholars the Ancient Near Eastern Texts relating to the Old Testament by James Bennett Pritchard, a textbook of first edition dated 1950. The last great book written by Leonard Woolley, British archaeologist, excavator of ancient Ur and associate of T.E. Lawrence and Arthur Evans, was The Art of the Middle East, Including Persia, Mesopotamia and Palestine, published in 1961. Woolley had completed it in 1960 two weeks before his death. The geographical ranges in each case are identical."}], ["Timur Dekat Kuno adalah istilah abad ke-20 yang bertujuan untuk menstabilkan aplikasi geografi Timur Jauh ke sejarah purba. [Near the East mungkin memperoleh makna yang bervariasi, tetapi Timur Jauh Purba selalu mempunyai makna yang sama: negara kuno , orang dan bahasa yang dipertingkatkan Bulan Sabit Subur yang dipertingkatkan, menyapu tanah dari Lembah Nil melalui Anatolia dan selatan ke batas Mesopotamia. <> Apakah jangka masa centrury ke-20 yang dimaksudkan untuk menstabilkan aplikasi geografi Timur Jauh ke sejarah purba? || Timur Dekat Kuno <> Bangsa-bangsa kuno, orang dan bahasa dari Crescent Fertile yang dipertingkatkan akan selalu merujuk kepada apa? || Timur Dekat Kuno <> Apa salib tanah dari Lembah Nil melalui Anatolia dipanggil? || Crescent Subur", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a term of the 20th centrury intended to stabilize the geographical application of Near East to ancient history?", "id": "56f9040d9e9bad19000a07d7", "answers": [{"text": "The Ancient Near East", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The ancient nations, people and languages of the enhanced Fertile Crescent will always refer to what?", "id": "56f9040d9e9bad19000a07d8", "answers": [{"text": "the Ancient Near East", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the sweep of land from the Nile Valley through Anatolia called?", "id": "56f9040d9e9bad19000a07d9", "answers": [{"text": "Fertile Crescent", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Ancient Near East is a term of the 20th century intended to stabilize the geographical application of Near East to ancient history.[citation needed] The Near East may acquire varying meanings, but the Ancient Near East always has the same meaning: the ancient nations, people and languages of the enhanced Fertile Crescent, a sweep of land from the Nile Valley through Anatolia and southward to the limits of Mesopotamia."}], ["Peratusan besar pakar di Timur Tengah moden memulakan latihan mereka di jabatan universiti yang dinamakan untuk Timur Dekat. Begitu juga jurnal yang berkaitan dengan bidang kepakaran ini termasuk perkataan Near East atau Near Eastern. Makna Near East di banyak pertubuhan dan penerbitan adalah Timur Tengah. Keistimewaan di Timur Tengah moden hampir tidak pernah bercampur atau dikelirukan dengan kajian-kajian di Timur Dekat Kuno, walaupun sering \"Timur Dekat Kuno\" disingkat ke \"Timur Jauh\" tanpa implikasi masa moden. Contohnya, \"Bahasa Dekat Timur\" dalam pengertian kuno termasuk bahasa-bahasa seperti Sumeria dan Akkadian. Dalam erti kata moden, ia mungkin bermaksud mana-mana atau semua bahasa Arab. <> Di manakah peratusan besar pakar di Timur Tengah moden memulakan latihan mereka? || jabatan universiti yang dinamakan untuk Dekat Timur <> Apakah maksud Near East dalam pelbagai pertubuhan dan penerbitan? || Timur Tengah <> Apa yang hampir tidak pernah bercampur atau bingung dengan kajian-kajian Timur Dekat Kuno? || Keahlian di Timur Tengah moden <> Apa yang termasuk bahasa-bahasa seperti Sumeria dan Akkadian? || Bahasa Timur Dekat", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did a large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training?", "id": "56f906719b226e1400dd1256", "answers": [{"text": "university departments named for the Near East", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the meaning of Near East in numerous establishments and publications?", "id": "56f906719b226e1400dd1257", "answers": [{"text": "Middle East", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East?", "id": "56f906719b226e1400dd1258", "answers": [{"text": "Expertise on the modern Middle East", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian?", "id": "56f906719b226e1400dd1259", "answers": [{"text": "Near Eastern Languages", "answer_start": 558}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training in university departments named for the Near East. Similarly the journals associated with these fields of expertise include the words Near East or Near Eastern. The meaning of Near East in these numerous establishments and publications is Middle East. Expertise on the modern Middle East is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East, although often \"Ancient Near East\" is abbreviated to \"Near East\" without any implication of modern times. For example, \"Near Eastern Languages\" in the ancient sense includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian. In the modern sense, it is likely to mean any or all of the Arabic languages."}], ["Di bawah keadaan kompleks ini nama-nama serantau kurang berguna. Mereka lebih bersejarah daripada pengoperasian tepat. Direktorat Perisikan, salah satu daripada empat direktorat yang dibahagikan kepada CIA, termasuk Pejabat Analisis Dekat Timur dan Asia Selatan (NESA). Tugasnya ditakrifkan sebagai \"sokongan kepada negara-negara Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara, serta negara-negara Asia Selatan, India, Pakistan, dan Afghanistan.\" Jumlah negara sebenarnya sebenarnya sama dengan Timur Tengah Jabatan Negara, tetapi nama-nama tidak sesuai. Timur Dekat NESA adalah sama dengan Timur Tengah yang ditakrifkan dalam sumber in-line yang diterbitkan oleh CIA, The World Factbook. Senarai negara ini dibatasi oleh Laut Merah, terdiri dari seluruh pantai timur Mediterranean, termasuk Israel, Turki, negara-negara kecil di Caucasus, Iran dan negara-negara Semenanjung Arab. <> Timur Dekat NESA adalah sama dengan Timur Tengah menentukan dalam apa? || The World Factbook <> Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh NESA? || Berhampiran Analisis Asia Timur dan Selatan <> Yang tugasnya ditakrifkan sebagai \"sokongan di negara-negara Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara?\" || (NESA)", {"qas": [{"question": "The Near East of the NESA is the same as the Middle East define in what?", "id": "56f902439e9bad19000a07bf", "answers": [{"text": "The World Factbook", "answer_start": 668}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does NESA stand for?", "id": "56f902439e9bad19000a07c0", "answers": [{"text": "Near Eastern and South Asian Analysis", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose duties are defined as \"support on Middle Eastern and North African countries?\"", "id": "56f902439e9bad19000a07c1", "answers": [{"text": "(NESA)", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Under these complex circumstances regional names are less useful. They are more historical than an accurate gauge of operations. The Directorate of Intelligence, one of four directorates into which the CIA is divided, includes the Office of Near Eastern and South Asian Analysis (NESA). Its duties are defined as \"support on Middle Eastern and North African countries, as well as on the South Asian nations of India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.\" The total range of countries is in fact the same as the State Department's Near East, but the names do not correspond. The Near East of the NESA is the same as the Middle East defined in the CIA-published on-line resource, The World Factbook. Its list of countries is limited by the Red Sea, comprises the entire eastern coast of the Mediterranean, including Israel, Turkey, the small nations of the Caucasus, Iran and the states of the Arabian Peninsula."}]], [["Zhejiang (bantuan \u00b7 maklumat), yang dahulu dirujuk sebagai Chekiang, adalah wilayah pantai timur China. Zhejiang bersempadan dengan wilayah Jiangsu dan perbandaran Shanghai di utara, wilayah Anhui di barat laut, wilayah Jiangxi di barat, dan wilayah Fujian di selatan; di sebelah timur adalah Laut China Timur, di luar yang terletak di Kepulauan Ryukyu di Jepun. <> Apa yang dahulu dikatakan sebagai Zhejiang? || Chekiang <> Wilayah mana yang Zhejiang bersempadan dengan ke barat laut? || Anhui <> Wilayah mana yang Zhejiang bersempadan dengan ke barat? || Jiangxi <> Wilayah mana yang Zhejiang bersempadan dengan selatan? || Fujian <> Badan air mana yang terletak di sebelah timur Zhejiang? || Laut China Timur <> Apa yang Zhejiang tidak pernah dikatakan sebagai roman? || <> Wilayah mana yang Zhejiang bersempadan dengan ke barat daya? || <> Wilayah mana yang Zhejiang bersempadan dengan tenggara? || <> Wilayah mana yang Zhejiang bersempadan dengan ke timur laut? || <> Badan air yang mana terletak di sebelah barat Zhejiang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Zhejiang formerly romanized as?", "id": "56f92c369b226e1400dd125e", "answers": [{"text": "Chekiang", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the northwest?", "id": "56f92c369b226e1400dd125f", "answers": [{"text": "Anhui", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the west?", "id": "56f92c369b226e1400dd1260", "answers": [{"text": "Jiangxi", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the south?", "id": "56f92c369b226e1400dd1261", "answers": [{"text": "Fujian", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which body of water is to the east of Zhejiang?", "id": "56f92c369b226e1400dd1262", "answers": [{"text": "East China Sea", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Chekiang", "answer_start": 45}], "question": "What was Zhejiang never romanized as?", "id": "5acfb5bd77cf76001a6859cc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Anhui", "answer_start": 177}], "question": " Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the southwest?", "id": "5acfb5bd77cf76001a6859cd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jiangxi", "answer_start": 210}], "question": " Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the southeast?", "id": "5acfb5bd77cf76001a6859ce", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Fujian", "answer_start": 244}], "question": " Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the northeast?", "id": "5acfb5bd77cf76001a6859cf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "East China Sea", "answer_start": 293}], "question": " Which body of water is to the west of Zhejiang?", "id": "5acfb5bd77cf76001a6859d0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": " Zhejiang (help\u00b7info), formerly romanized as Chekiang, is an eastern coastal province of China. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China Sea, beyond which lie the Ryukyu Islands of Japan."}], ["Pada awal era Tiga Kerajaan (220-280 M), Zhejiang adalah rumah kepada panglima perang Yan Baihu dan Wang Lang sebelum kekalahan mereka oleh Sun Ce dan Sun Quan, yang akhirnya menubuhkan Kerajaan Wu. Walaupun penghapusan mahkamah mereka dari Kuaiji kepada Jianye (sekarang Nanjing), mereka meneruskan pembangunan rantau ini dan mendapat manfaat daripada peningkatan pelarian yang melarikan diri dari kegawatan di utara China. Kiln industri ditubuhkan dan perdagangan sampai sejauh Manchuria dan Funan (Vietnam selatan). <> Bilakah permulaan zaman Tiga Kerajaan? || 220-280 CE <> Apa yang ada pada rumah panglima perang Yan Baihu? || Zhejiang <> Kerajaan apa yang Sun Ce dan Sun Quan akhirnya menubuhkan? || Kerajaan Wu <> Di mana pengadilan mereka di Kuaiji dikeluarkan? || Jianye <> Bersama dengan Manchuria, di mana jangkauan perdagangan sejauh ini? || Funan <> Kapan berakhirnya zaman Tiga Kerajaan? || <> Apa yang tidak ada rumah kepada warrior Yan Baihu? || <> Kerajaan apa yang Sun Ce dan Sun Quan tidak pernah menubuhkan? || <> Di mana pengadilan mereka di Kuaiji dirobohkan? || <> Bersama dengan Manchuria, di mana perdagangan tidak pernah pergi ke? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era?", "id": "56f97cd79b226e1400dd14a5", "answers": [{"text": "220\u2013280 CE", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was home to the warlord Yan Baihu?", "id": "56f97cd79b226e1400dd14a6", "answers": [{"text": "Zhejiang", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kingdom did Sun Ce and Sun Quan eventually establish?", "id": "56f97cd79b226e1400dd14a7", "answers": [{"text": "the Kingdom of Wu", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was their court in Kuaiji removed to?", "id": "56f97cd79b226e1400dd14a8", "answers": [{"text": "Jianye", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Manchuria, where did trade reach as far as?", "id": "56f97cd79b226e1400dd14a9", "answers": [{"text": "Funan", "answer_start": 484}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "220\u2013280 CE", "answer_start": 44}], "question": " When was the end of the Three Kingdoms era?", "id": "5acfb94e77cf76001a685a82", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zhejiang", "answer_start": 57}], "question": " What wasn't home to the warlord Yan Baihu?", "id": "5acfb94e77cf76001a685a83", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kingdom of Wu", "answer_start": 192}], "question": " What kingdom did Sun Ce and Sun Quan never establish?", "id": "5acfb94e77cf76001a685a84", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jianye", "answer_start": 257}], "question": "Where was their court in Kuaiji demolished?", "id": "5acfb94e77cf76001a685a85", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Funan", "answer_start": 484}], "question": "Along with Manchuria, where did trade never go to?", "id": "5acfb94e77cf76001a685a86", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "At the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era (220\u2013280 CE), Zhejiang was home to the warlords Yan Baihu and Wang Lang prior to their defeat by Sun Ce and Sun Quan, who eventually established the Kingdom of Wu. Despite the removal of their court from Kuaiji to Jianye (present-day Nanjing), they continued development of the region and benefitted from influxes of refugees fleeing the turmoil in northern China. Industrial kilns were established and trade reached as far as Manchuria and Funan (south Vietnam)."}], ["Meskipun terkenal dengan Nanjing (kemudian dikenali sebagai Jiankang), penyelesaian Qiantang, nama bekas Hangzhou, kekal sebagai salah satu daripada tiga pusat metropolitan utama di selatan untuk memberikan hasil cukai utama ke pusat imperial di utara China. Dua lagi pusat di selatan adalah Jiankang dan Chengdu. Pada tahun 589, Qiangtang dinaikkan taraf dan dinamakan semula sebagai Hangzhou. <> Apa yang dahulu dikenali Nanjing? || Jiankang <> Apa nama bekas Hangzhou? || Qiantang <> Selain Qiantang dan Jiankang, apa lagi pusat metropolitan utama di selatan? || Chengdu <> Tahun apakah Qiantang dinaikkan dan dinamakan semula Hangzhou? || 589 <> Berapa banyak pusat metropolitan utama yang ada di selatan pada masa itu? || tiga <> Apa yang Nanjing dikenali sekarang? || <> Apa yang dahulu dikenali sebagai Jiankang? || <> Apa nama semasa Hangzhou? || <> Apa yang berlaku pada 578? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Nanjing formerly known as?", "id": "56f97e1c9e9bad19000a09b9", "answers": [{"text": "Jiankang", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the former name of Hangzhou?", "id": "56f97e1c9e9bad19000a09ba", "answers": [{"text": "Qiantang", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides Qiantang and Jiankang, what was the other major metropolitan center in the south?", "id": "56f97e1c9e9bad19000a09bb", "answers": [{"text": "Chengdu", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Qiantang raised in status and renamed Hangzhou?", "id": "56f97e1c9e9bad19000a09bc", "answers": [{"text": "589", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many major metropolitan centers were there in the south at the time?", "id": "56f97e1c9e9bad19000a09bd", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jiankang", "answer_start": 60}], "question": " What is Nanjing currently known as?", "id": "5acfbaca77cf76001a685ade", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nanjing", "answer_start": 37}], "question": " What is Jiankang formerly known as?", "id": "5acfbaca77cf76001a685adf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Qiantang", "answer_start": 89}], "question": " What is the current name of Hangzhou?", "id": "5acfbaca77cf76001a685ae0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Qiangtang was raised in status and renamed Hangzhou", "answer_start": 337}], "question": "What happened in 578?", "id": "5acfbaca77cf76001a685ae1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Despite the continuing prominence of Nanjing (then known as Jiankang), the settlement of Qiantang, the former name of Hangzhou, remained one of the three major metropolitan centers in the south to provide major tax revenue to the imperial centers in the north China. The other two centers in the south were Jiankang and Chengdu. In 589, Qiangtang was raised in status and renamed Hangzhou."}], ["Nama provinsi berasal dari Sungai Zhe (\u6d59\u6c5f, Zh\u00e8 Ji\u0101ng), bekas nama Sungai Qiantang yang mengalir melewati Hangzhou dan mulutnya membentuk Hangzhou Bay. Ia biasanya glossed sebagai bermaksud \"Bengkok\" atau \"Sungai Bent\", dari makna Cina \u6298, tetapi lebih mungkin sebatian phono-semantik yang dibentuk daripada menambah \u6c35 (radikal \"air\" yang digunakan untuk nama sungai) kepada phonetic \u6298 ( pinyin zh\u00e9 tetapi dibina semula Lama Cina * tet), memelihara nama proto-Wu dari Yue tempatan, sama dengan Yuhang, Kuaiji, dan Jiang. <> Apa nama bekas Sungai Qiantang? || Sungai Zhe <> Apakah mulut Sungai Qiantang terbentuk? || Hangzhou Bay <> Apa maksud Cina dalam bahasa Cina? || Bengkok <> Sungai yang mana yang berasal dari Zhejiang berasal dari namanya? || Sungai Zhe <> Apa aliran Sungai Qiantang lalu? || Hangzhou <> Apakah nama semasa Sungai Qiantang? || <> Apa nama bekas Sungai Zhe? || <> Apa artinya Zhe dalam bahasa Jepun? || <> Tasik mana yang mana di provinsi Zhejiang memperoleh namanya? || <> Apakah aliran Qiantang Ocean yang lalu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the former name of the Qiantang River?", "id": "56f92d4b9e9bad19000a07f9", "answers": [{"text": "Zhe River", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the mouth of the Qiantang River form?", "id": "56f92d4b9e9bad19000a07fa", "answers": [{"text": "Hangzhou Bay", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Zhe mean in Chinese?", "id": "56f92d4b9e9bad19000a07fb", "answers": [{"text": "Crooked", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which river does the province of Zhejiang derive its name from?", "id": "56f92d4b9e9bad19000a07fc", "answers": [{"text": "Zhe River", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the Qiantang River flow past?", "id": "56f92d4b9e9bad19000a07fd", "answers": [{"text": "Hangzhou", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zhe River", "answer_start": 37}], "question": "What is the current name of the Qiantang River?", "id": "5acfb63c77cf76001a6859e0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Qiantang River", "answer_start": 87}], "question": "What is the former name of the Zhe River?", "id": "5acfb63c77cf76001a6859e1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Crooked", "answer_start": 198}], "question": " What does Zhe mean in Japanese?", "id": "5acfb63c77cf76001a6859e2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zhe River", "answer_start": 37}], "question": " Which lake does the province of Zhejiang derive its name from?", "id": "5acfb63c77cf76001a6859e3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hangzhou", "answer_start": 119}], "question": " What does the Qiantang Ocean flow past?", "id": "5acfb63c77cf76001a6859e4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The province's name derives from the Zhe River (\u6d59\u6c5f, Zh\u00e8 Ji\u0101ng), the former name of the Qiantang River which flows past Hangzhou and whose mouth forms Hangzhou Bay. It is usually glossed as meaning \"Crooked\" or \"Bent River\", from the meaning of Chinese \u6298, but is more likely a phono-semantic compound formed from adding \u6c35 (the \"water\" radical used for river names) to phonetic \u6298 (pinyin zh\u00e9 but reconstructed Old Chinese *tet), preserving a proto-Wu name of the local Yue, similar to Yuhang, Kuaiji, and Jiang."}], ["Kuaiji Commandery adalah pangkalan utama untuk Xiang Liang dan pemberontakan Xiang Yu terhadap Empayar Qin yang pada mulanya berjaya memulihkan kerajaan Chu tetapi akhirnya jatuh ke Han. Di bawah Han Kemudian, kawalan kawasan itu kembali ke penempatan di bawah Gunung Kuaiji tetapi pihak berkuasa di pedalaman Minyue adalah nominal paling baik dan penduduk Yue sebahagian besar mengekalkan struktur politik dan sosial mereka sendiri. <> Apakah asas kuasa pertama untuk pemberontakan Xiang Liang dan Xiang Yu? || Kuaiji Commandery <> Siapa yang akhirnya kerajaan Chu jatuh ke? || Han <> Pada Kemudian Han, yang Gunung mengawal kawasan kembali ke penyelesaian di bawah? || Kuaiji <Yang memimpin pemberontakan dengan Xiang Liang terhadap Empayar Qin? || Xiang Yu <> Empayar mana yang Xiang Liang dan Xiang Yu memberontak? || Qin Empire <> Apa yang tidak asas kuasa pertama untuk pemberontakan Xiang Liang dan Xiang Yu? || <> Siapa yang kerajaan Chu tidak pernah jatuh ke? || <> Pada awal Han, yang Gunung mengawal kawasan kembali ke penyelesaian di bawah ini? || <> Siapa yang mengetuai pemberontakan dengan Xiang Liang dengan Empayar Qin? || <> Empayar mana yang Xiang Liang dan Xiang Yu bekerjasama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the initial power base for Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu's rebellion?", "id": "56f97c189b226e1400dd149b", "answers": [{"text": "Kuaiji Commandery", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the kingdom of Chu eventually fall to?", "id": "56f97c189b226e1400dd149c", "answers": [{"text": "the Han", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Later Han, which Mount did control of the area return to the settlement below?", "id": "56f97c189b226e1400dd149d", "answers": [{"text": "Kuaiji", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who led a rebellion with Xiang Liang against the Qin Empire?", "id": "56f97c189b226e1400dd149e", "answers": [{"text": "Xiang Yu", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which empire did Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu rebel against?", "id": "56f97c189b226e1400dd149f", "answers": [{"text": "the Qin Empire", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kuaiji Commandery", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What wasn't the initial power base for Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu's rebellion?", "id": "5acfb7d377cf76001a685a40", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Han", "answer_start": 190}], "question": " Who did the kingdom of Chu never fall to?", "id": "5acfb7d377cf76001a685a41", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Kuaiji", "answer_start": 279}], "question": "In early Han, which Mount did control of the area return to the settlement below?", "id": "5acfb7d377cf76001a685a42", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Xiang Yu's", "answer_start": 65}], "question": " Who led a rebellion with Xiang Liang with the Qin Empire?", "id": "5acfb7d377cf76001a685a43", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Qin Empire", "answer_start": 98}], "question": " Which empire did Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu team up with?", "id": "5acfb7d377cf76001a685a44", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Kuaiji Commandery was the initial power base for Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu's rebellion against the Qin Empire which initially succeeded in restoring the kingdom of Chu but eventually fell to the Han. Under the Later Han, control of the area returned to the settlement below Mount Kuaiji but authority over the Minyue hinterland was nominal at best and its Yue inhabitants largely retained their own political and social structures."}], ["Zhejiang adalah sebahagian daripada Wu semasa Tiga Kerajaan. Wu (229-280), yang dikenali sebagai Wu Timur atau Sun Wu, telah menjadi negara yang paling maju dari segi ekonomi di antara Tiga Kerajaan (220-280 M). Novel sejarah Romance of the Three Kingdoms mencatatkan bahawa Zhejiang memiliki daya angkatan laut yang kuat dan kuat. Kisah ini menggambarkan bagaimana keadaan Wei (\u9b4f) dan Shu (\u8700), kekurangan sumber bahan, mengelakkan konfrontasi langsung dengan Wu. Dalam konflik tentera bersenjata dengan Wu, kedua-dua negara bergantung secara intensif terhadap taktik penyamaran dan penipuan untuk mencuri sumber ketenteraan Wu termasuk anak panah dan busur. <> Bilakah Zhejiang sebahagian daripada Wu? || semasa Tiga Kerajaan <> Apakah nama lain untuk Wu atau Timur Wu? || Sun Wu <> Apakah negeri paling maju di antara Tiga Kerajaan? || Wu <> Rekod novel yang mana sejarahnya mempunyai daya angkatan laut yang kuat dan kuat di Zhejiang? || Romantik Tiga Kerajaan <> Bersama dengan Wei, yang mengelakkan konflik langsung dengan Wu? || Shu <> Ketika Zhejiang bahagian Lu? || <> Apa nama lain untuk Wu Barat? || <> Apakah negeri yang paling maju di kalangan Tiga Kerajaan? || <> Yang rekod novel sejarah yang mana yang mempunyai kekuatan tentera laut yang paling teruk di Zhejiang? || <> Bersama Wei, negara mana yang tidak mengelakkan konflik langsung dengan Wu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was Zhejiang part of the Wu?", "id": "56f97d8a9e9bad19000a09af", "answers": [{"text": "during the Three Kingdoms", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for Wu or Eastern Wu?", "id": "56f97d8a9e9bad19000a09b0", "answers": [{"text": "Sun Wu", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the most developed state among the Three Kingdoms?", "id": "56f97d8a9e9bad19000a09b1", "answers": [{"text": "Wu", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which historical novel records that Zhejiang had the best-equipped, strong navy force?", "id": "56f97d8a9e9bad19000a09b2", "answers": [{"text": "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Wei, which state avoided direct conflict with Wu?", "id": "56f97d8a9e9bad19000a09b3", "answers": [{"text": "Shu", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Three Kingdoms", "answer_start": 39}], "question": "When was Zhejiang part of the Lu?", "id": "5acfb9c477cf76001a685aa8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sun Wu", "answer_start": 101}], "question": " What is another name for Western Wu?", "id": "5acfb9c477cf76001a685aa9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wu", "answer_start": 105}], "question": " What was the least developed state among the Three Kingdoms?", "id": "5acfb9c477cf76001a685aaa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "answer_start": 216}], "question": "Which historical novel records that Zhejiang had the worst-equipped, weak navy force?", "id": "5acfb9c477cf76001a685aab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Shu", "answer_start": 358}], "question": " Along with Wei, which state did not avoid direct conflict with Wu?", "id": "5acfb9c477cf76001a685aac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Zhejiang was part of the Wu during the Three Kingdoms. Wu (229\u2013280), commonly known as Eastern Wu or Sun Wu, had been the economically most developed state among the Three Kingdoms (220\u2013280 CE). The historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms records that Zhejiang had the best-equipped, strong navy force. The story depicts how the states of Wei (\u9b4f) and Shu (\u8700), lack of material resources, avoided direct confrontation with the Wu. In armed military conflicts with Wu, the two states relied intensively on tactics of camouflage and deception to steal Wu's military resources including arrows and bows."}], ["Zhejiang adalah tapak budaya Neolitik Hemudu dan Liangzhu. Analisis 2007 DNA yang diperoleh dari sisa-sisa manusia di tapak arkeologi orang prasejarah di sepanjang Sungai Yangtze menunjukkan frekuensi tinggi haplogroup O1 dalam budaya Liangzhu, menghubungkannya dengan masyarakat Austronesian dan Tai-Kadai. <> Apa jenis budaya yang Hemudu dan Liangzhu? || Neolitik <> Di manakah tapak kultur Hemudu dan LIangzhu? || Zhejiang <> Tahun berapa terdapat analisis DNA yang pulih daripada jenazah manusia dalam budaya Liangzhu? || 2007 <> Budaya mana yang dikaitkan dengan orang-orang Austronesia dan Tai-Kadai dalam analisis DNA? || Liangzhu <> Apa haplogroup melakukan analisis DNA mengenai budaya Liangzhu? || O1 <> Budaya macam apa yang Hemudu dan Liangzhu? || <> Di manakah tapak Hemudu dan budaya LIangzhu dipindahkan ke? || <> Apa yang berlaku pada tahun 2006? || <> Budaya mana yang mana orang Austronesia dan Tai-Kadai tidak dikaitkan dengan analisis DNA? || <> Apa haplogroup melakukan analisis DNA mengenai budaya Liangzhu tidak mendedahkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of cultures were the Hemudu and Liangzhu?", "id": "56f97a529e9bad19000a098b", "answers": [{"text": "Neolithic", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the site of the Hemudu and LIangzhu cultures?", "id": "56f97a529e9bad19000a098c", "answers": [{"text": "Zhejiang", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was there an analysis of the DNA recovered from human remains in Liangzhu culture?", "id": "56f97a529e9bad19000a098d", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which culture were the Austronesian and Tai-Kadai peoples linked to in the DNA analysis?", "id": "56f97a529e9bad19000a098e", "answers": [{"text": "Liangzhu", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What haplogroup did a DNA analysis of the Liangzhu culture reveal?", "id": "56f97a529e9bad19000a098f", "answers": [{"text": "O1", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Neolithic", "answer_start": 29}], "question": " What kind of culture are the Hemudu and Liangzhu?", "id": "5acfb6d777cf76001a685a0e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zhejiang", "answer_start": 0}], "question": " Where was the site of the Hemudu and LIangzhu cultures relocated to?", "id": "5acfb6d777cf76001a685a0f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "analysis of the DNA recovered from human remains", "answer_start": 83}], "question": "What happened in 2006?", "id": "5acfb6d777cf76001a685a10", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Liangzhu", "answer_start": 66}], "question": "Which culture were the Austronesian and Tai-Kadai peoples not linked to in the DNA analysis?", "id": "5acfb6d777cf76001a685a11", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "O1", "answer_start": 243}], "question": "What haplogroup did a DNA analysis of the Liangzhu culture not reveal?", "id": "5acfb6d777cf76001a685a12", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Zhejiang was the site of the Neolithic cultures of the Hemudu and Liangzhu. A 2007 analysis of the DNA recovered from human remains in the archeological sites of prehistoric peoples along the Yangtze River shows high frequencies of haplogroup O1 in the Liangzhu culture, linking them to Austronesian and Tai-Kadai peoples."}], ["Zhejiang, sebagai pusat Jiangnan (Yangtze River Delta), kekal sebagai kawasan terkaya semasa Six Dynasties (220 atau 222-589), Sui, dan Tang. Selepas dimasukkan ke dalam dinasti Sui, kekayaan ekonomi digunakan untuk cita-cita dinasti Sui untuk mengembangkan utara dan selatan, khususnya ke Korea dan Vietnam. Pelan ini membawa Dinasti Sui untuk memulihkan dan mengembangkan rangkaian yang menjadi Grand Canal dari China. Kanal yang sentiasa mengangkut biji-bijian dan sumber dari Zhejiang, melalui pusat metropolitannya Hangzhou (dan kawasan pedalamannya di sepanjang Sungai Zhe dan tepi Teluk Hangzhou), dan dari Suzhou, dan seterusnya ke Dataran China Utara. Dewa perang Korea membawa kepada kejatuhan Sui oleh Tang, yang kemudian memimpin umur keemasan selama berabad-abad untuk negara. Zhejiang adalah pusat ekonomi penting dari Litar Timur Jiangnan empayar dan dianggap sangat makmur. Di sepanjang dinasti Tang, The Grand Canal kekal berkesan, mengangkut bijirin dan sumber bahan ke dataran utara China dan pusat metropolitan empayar. Sebagai Dinasti Tang hancur, Zhejiang merupakan sebahagian besar wilayah kerajaan Wuyue serantau. <> Bilakah berakhirnya Six Dynasties? || 589 <> Apakah kawasan paling kaya semasa Enam Dinasti? || Zhejiang <> Mana dinasti yang dipulihkan dan memperluaskan rangkaian yang menjadi Grand Canal of China? || Dinasti Sui <> Sungai apa adalah salah satu daripada Grand Canal di pedalaman China? || Sungai Zhe <> Bilakah berakhirnya Lima Dinasti? || <> Apa yang berakhir pada 220? || <> Apa yang bermula pada 579? || <> Apa lautan adalah salah satu daripada Grand Canal di pedalaman China? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Six Dynasties end?", "id": "56f982999b226e1400dd14ea", "answers": [{"text": "589", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the wealthiest area during the Six Dynasties?", "id": "56f982999b226e1400dd14eb", "answers": [{"text": "Zhejiang", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which dynasty restored and expanded the network that became the Grand Canal of China?", "id": "56f982999b226e1400dd14ec", "answers": [{"text": "the Sui dynasty", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What river was one of the Grand Canal of China's hinterlands?", "id": "56f982999b226e1400dd14ed", "answers": [{"text": "the Zhe River", "answer_start": 569}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "589", "answer_start": 132}], "question": "When did the Five Dynasties end?", "id": "5acfbbba77cf76001a685b14", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Six Dynasties", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "What ended in 220?", "id": "5acfbbba77cf76001a685b15", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Six Dynasties", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "What started in 579?", "id": "5acfbbba77cf76001a685b16", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zhe River", "answer_start": 573}], "question": " What ocean was one of the Grand Canal of China's hinterlands?", "id": "5acfbbba77cf76001a685b17", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Zhejiang, as the heartland of the Jiangnan (Yangtze River Delta), remained the wealthiest area during the Six Dynasties (220 or 222\u2013589), Sui, and Tang. After being incorporated into the Sui dynasty, its economic richness was used for the Sui dynasty's ambitions to expand north and south, particularly into Korea and Vietnam. The plan led the Sui dynasty to restore and expand the network which became the Grand Canal of China. The Canal regularly transported grains and resources from Zhejiang, through its metropolitan center Hangzhou (and its hinterland along both the Zhe River and the shores of Hangzhou Bay), and from Suzhou, and thence to the North China Plain. The d\u00e9b\u00e2cle of the Korean war led to Sui's overthrow by the Tang, who then presided over a centuries-long golden age for the country. Zhejiang was an important economic center of the empire's Jiangnan East Circuit and was considered particularly prosperous. Throughout the Tang dynasty, The Grand Canal had remained effective, transporting grains and material resources to North China plain and metropolitan centers of the empire. As the Tang Dynasty disintegrated, Zhejiang constituted most of the territory of the regional kingdom of Wuyue."}], ["Berikutan kejatuhan Wu dan kekacauan pemberontakan Wu Hu terhadap dinasti Jin (265-420), kebanyakan keluarga Cina elit telah bekerjasama dengan penguasa bukan Cina dan penaklukan tentera di utara. Ada yang mungkin kehilangan keistimewaan sosial, dan mengambil pelarian di kawasan selatan ke Sungai Yangtze. Beberapa pelarian Cina dari utara China mungkin tinggal di kawasan berhampiran Hangzhou. Sebagai contoh, puak Zhuge Liang (181-234), seorang canselor negeri Shu Han dari Central Plain di utara China semasa tempoh Tiga Kerajaan, berkumpul di pinggir bandar Hangzhou, membentuk kampung yang eksklusif, tertutup Zhuge Village (Zhege Cun), yang terdiri daripada penduduk kampung dengan nama keluarga \"Zhuge\". Kampung tersebut secara sengaja mengasingkan diri dari komuniti sekitar selama berabad-abad hingga ke hari ini, dan baru-baru ini diketahui umum. Ia mencadangkan bahawa sebilangan kecil pelarian Cina yang kuat, elit dari Dataran Tengah mungkin telah mengambil pelarian di selatan Sungai Yangtze. Walau bagaimanapun, memandangkan geografi pegunungan dan kekurangan tanah pertanian di Zhejiang, sebahagian besar pelarian ini mungkin tinggal di beberapa kawasan di selatan China di luar Zhejiang, di mana tanah-tanah agraris yang subur dan sumber metropolitan disediakan, terutamanya di utara Jiangsu, barat Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Anhui, dan wilayah di mana kerajaan serantau yang kurang kohesif telah dianjurkan. Kawasan Metropolitan Sichuan adalah hab yang lain untuk pelarian, memandangkan keadaan Shu telah lama ditubuhkan dan diperintah oleh elit politik dan ketenteraan dari Dataran Tengah dan utara China. Sesetengah pelarian dari utara China mungkin dapat menetap di selatan China bergantung kepada status sosial mereka dan kuasa ketenteraan di utara. Negeri rumpun Jin atau Dinasti Selatan menentang beberapa orang elit Cina dari Dataran Tengah dan selatan Sungai Yangtze. <> Bilakah Dinasti Jin? || 265-420 <> Di mana puak Zhuge Liang berkumpul? || Kampung Zhuge (Zhege Cun) <> Bilakah Kampung Zhuge mengasingkan dirinya sehingga? || hari ini <> Geografi jenis apa di Zhejiang? || pegunungan <> Bilakah Zhuge Liang hidup? || 181-234 <> Apa dinasti berakhir pada 265? || <> Apa dinasti bermula pada 420? || <> Geografi macam apa tidak di Zhejiang? || <> Bilakah Zhuge Village mendedahkan dirinya sehingga? || <> Siapa yang meninggal pada tahun 181? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Jin Dynasty?", "id": "56f97f069e9bad19000a09cb", "answers": [{"text": "265\u2013420", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the clan of Zhuge Liang gather together?", "id": "56f97f069e9bad19000a09cc", "answers": [{"text": "Zhuge Village (Zhege Cun)", "answer_start": 623}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Zhuge Village isolate itself until?", "id": "56f97f069e9bad19000a09cd", "answers": [{"text": "this day", "answer_start": 800}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of geography is in Zhejiang?", "id": "56f97f069e9bad19000a09ce", "answers": [{"text": "mountainous", "answer_start": 1028}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Zhuge Liang live from?", "id": "56f97f069e9bad19000a09cf", "answers": [{"text": "181\u2013234", "answer_start": 426}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jin dynasty", "answer_start": 75}], "question": "What dynasty ended in 265?", "id": "5acfbb4977cf76001a685aee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jin dynasty", "answer_start": 75}], "question": "What dynasty started in 420?", "id": "5acfbb4977cf76001a685aef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mountainous", "answer_start": 1028}], "question": " What kind of geography is not in Zhejiang?", "id": "5acfbb4977cf76001a685af0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "recently", "answer_start": 819}], "question": " When did Zhuge Village expose itself until?", "id": "5acfbb4977cf76001a685af1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zhuge Liang", "answer_start": 413}], "question": "Who died in 181?", "id": "5acfbb4977cf76001a685af2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Following the fall of Wu and the turmoil of the Wu Hu uprising against the Jin dynasty (265\u2013420), most of elite Chinese families had collaborated with the non-Chinese rulers and military conquerors in the north. Some may have lost social privilege, and took refugee in areas south to Yangtze River. Some of the Chinese refugees from north China might have resided in areas near Hangzhou. For example, the clan of Zhuge Liang (181\u2013234), a chancellor of the state of Shu Han from Central Plain in north China during the Three Kingdoms period, gathered together at the suburb of Hangzhou, forming an exclusive, closed village Zhuge Village (Zhege Cun), consisting of villagers all with family name \"Zhuge\". The village has intentionally isolated itself from the surrounding communities for centuries to this day, and only recently came to be known in public. It suggests that a small number of powerful, elite Chinese refugees from the Central Plain might have taken refugee in south of the Yangtze River. However, considering the mountainous geography and relative lack of agrarian lands in Zhejiang, most of these refugees might have resided in some areas in south China beyond Zhejiang, where fertile agrarian lands and metropolitan resources were available, mainly north Jiangsu, west Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Anhui,and provinces where less cohesive, organized regional governments had been in place. Metropolitan areas of Sichuan was another hub for refugees, given that the state of Shu had long been founded and ruled by political and military elites from the Central Plain and north China. Some refugees from the north China might have found residence in south China depending on their social status and military power in the north. The rump Jin state or the Southern Dynasties vied against some elite Chinese from the Central Plain and south of the Yangtze River."}], ["Kawasan Zhejiang moden berada di luar bidang pengaruh tamadun Shang pada milenium kedua SM. Sebaliknya, kawasan ini dihuni oleh masyarakat yang dikenali sebagai Hundred Yue, termasuk Dongyue dan Ouyue. Kerajaan Yue mula muncul dalam kronik dan rekod yang ditulis pada Musim Musim Bunga dan Musim Luruh. Menurut kronik, kerajaan Yue terletak di utara Zhejiang. Shiji mendakwa bahawa pemimpinnya berasal dari pengasas Shang Yu yang Agung. Bukti menunjukkan bahawa Baiyue dan kerajaan Yue memiliki budaya dan sejarah mereka sendiri yang berbeza dari kerajaan-kerajaan di utara dan tengah China, yang budaya dan sejarahnya telah direkod dengan teliti dalam kronik dan sejarah semasa Musim Spring dan Autumn dan ke dinasti Qin. Song of the Boatman (Cina: \u8d8a \u4eba \u6b4c, p Yu\u00e8r\u00e9n G\u0113, dinyalakan \"Song of the man of Yue\") ditransliterasi ke dalam bahasa Cina dan dicatatkan oleh penulis di utara China atau pedalaman China Hebei dan Henan sekitar 528 SM. Lagu ini menunjukkan bahawa orang-orang Yue bercakap bahasa yang saling tidak difahami dengan dialek yang dituturkan di utara dan pedalaman China. Orang-orang Yue sepertinya mempunyai naskah bertulis sendiri. Pedang Goujian menanggung skrip meterai burung. Yuen\u00fc (Bahasa Cina: \u8d8a \u5973; pinyin: Yu\u00e8n\u01da; Wade-Giles: Y\u00fceh-n\u00fc; secara harfiah: \"Lady of Yue\") adalah seorang pedang wanita dari negeri Yue. Untuk memeriksa pertumbuhan kerajaan Wu, Chu mengejar dasar mengukuhkan Yue. Di bawah Raja Goujian, Yue pulih dari pembalikan awalnya dan sepenuhnya mencapainya tanah saingannya pada tahun 473 SM. Raja-raja Yue kemudian memindahkan pusat modal mereka dari rumah asalnya di sekitar Gunung Kuaiji di Shaoxing pada masa kini ke ibu kota Wu pada masa kini Suzhou. Dengan tiada kuasa selatan untuk menentang Yue, Chu menentangnya secara langsung dan, pada tahun 333 SM, berjaya memusnahkannya. Tanah bekas Yue dianugerahkan oleh Empayar Qin pada 222 SM dan dianjurkan menjadi komander bernama Kuaiji di Zhejiang tetapi pada awalnya beribu pejabat di Wu di Jiangsu. <> Siapa penduduk di Zhejiang pada milenium ke-2 SM? || Hundred Yue <> Kapan kerajaan Yue mula muncul? || Musim Spring dan Autumn <> Di manakah kerajaan Yue terletak mengikut kronik? || utara Zhejiang <> Siapa yang Shiji mendakwa pemimpinnya berasal dari? || Yu the Great <> Apa pedang beruang Goujian? || skrip mutiara cacing burung <> Siapa penduduk di Zhejiang pada milenium pertama SM? || <> Bilakah kerajaan Yue berakhir? || <> Di manakah kerajaan Yue terletak mengikut kronik baru? || <> Siapa yang menolak Shiji bahawa pemimpinnya berasal? || <> Apa pedang Goujian tidak ada padanya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who populated the areas of Zhejiang in the 2nd millennium BC?", "id": "56f97b2e9b226e1400dd148e", "answers": [{"text": "Hundred Yue", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the kingdom of Yue begin to appear?", "id": "56f97b2e9b226e1400dd148f", "answers": [{"text": "Spring and Autumn Period", "answer_start": 333}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the kingdom of Yue located according to chronicles?", "id": "56f97b2e9b226e1400dd1490", "answers": [{"text": "northern Zhejiang", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does Shiji claim that its leaders were descended from?", "id": "56f97b2e9b226e1400dd1491", "answers": [{"text": "Yu the Great", "answer_start": 509}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the Sword of Goujian bear?", "id": "56f97b2e9b226e1400dd1492", "answers": [{"text": "bird-worm seal script", "answer_start": 1257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hundred Yue", "answer_start": 199}], "question": "Who populated the areas of Zhejiang in the 1st millennium BC?", "id": "5acfb74d77cf76001a685a20", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Spring and Autumn Period", "answer_start": 333}], "question": " When did the kingdom of Yue end?", "id": "5acfb74d77cf76001a685a21", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "northern Zhejiang", "answer_start": 422}], "question": " Where was the kingdom of Yue located according to new chronicles?", "id": "5acfb74d77cf76001a685a22", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Yu the Great", "answer_start": 509}], "question": " Who does Shiji reject that its leaders were descended from?", "id": "5acfb74d77cf76001a685a23", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "bird-worm seal script", "answer_start": 1257}], "question": " What does the Sword of Goujian not have on it?", "id": "5acfb74d77cf76001a685a24", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The area of modern Zhejiang was outside the major sphere of influence of the Shang civilization during the second millennium BC. Instead, this area was populated by peoples collectively known as the Hundred Yue, including the Dongyue and the Ouyue. The kingdom of Yue began to appear in the chronicles and records written during the Spring and Autumn Period. According to the chronicles, the kingdom of Yue was located in northern Zhejiang. Shiji claims that its leaders were descended from the Shang founder Yu the Great. Evidence suggests that Baiyue and the kingdom of Yue possessed their own culture and history that are different from those kingdoms in north and central China, whose cultures and histories were carefully recorded in chronicles and histories during the Spring and Autumn Period and into the Qin dynasty. The Song of the Yue Boatman (Chinese: \u8d8a\u4eba\u6b4c, p Yu\u00e8r\u00e9n G\u0113, lit. \"Song of the man of Yue\") was transliterated into Chinese and recorded by authors in north China or inland China of Hebei and Henan around 528 BC. The song shows that the Yue people spoke a language that was mutually unintelligible with the dialects spoken in north and inland China. The Yue peoples seem to have had their own written script. The Sword of Goujian bears bird-worm seal script. Yuen\u00fc (Chinese: \u8d8a\u5973; pinyin: Yu\u00e8n\u01da; Wade\u2013Giles: Y\u00fceh-n\u00fc; literally: \"the Lady of Yue\") was a swordswoman from the state of Yue. In order to check the growth of the kingdom of Wu, Chu pursued a policy of strengthening Yue. Under King Goujian, Yue recovered from its early reverses and fully annexed the lands of its rival in 473 BC. The Yue kings then moved their capital center from their original home around Mount Kuaiji in present-day Shaoxing to the former Wu capital at present-day Suzhou. With no southern power to turn against Yue, Chu opposed it directly and, in 333 BC, succeeded in destroying it. Yue's former lands were annexed by the Qin Empire in 222 BC and organized into a commandery named for Kuaiji in Zhejiang but initially headquartered in Wu in Jiangsu."}], ["Zhejiang kebanyakannya terdiri daripada bukit, yang mencakupi kira-kira 70% daripada jumlah kawasannya. Altitud cenderung tertinggi di selatan dan barat dan puncak tertinggi di wilayah itu, Puncak Huangmaojian (1,929 meter atau 6,329 kaki), terletak di sana. Gunung-gunung lain yang terkenal termasuk Mount Yandang, Tianmu, Tiantai, dan Mogan, yang mencapai ketinggian 700 hingga 1,500 meter (2,300 hingga 4,900 kaki). <> Apa yang kebanyakannya terdiri daripada Zhejiang? || bukit <> Sebanyak peratus bukit bukit Zhejiang? || 70% <> Apakah puncak tertinggi di provinsi ini? || Puncak Huangmaojian <> Berapa tinggi Pucuk Huangmaojian dalam meter? || 1,929 <> Berapakah tingginya puncak Huangmaojian? || 6,329 <> Apa yang Zhejiang kebanyakan tidak terdiri daripada? || <> Sebanyak peratus daripada Zhejiang adalah rata? || <> Apakah puncak terendah di provinsi ini? || <> Berapa rendahnya Puncak Huangmaojian dalam meter? || <> Berapa rendahnya Puncak Huangmaojian dalam kaki? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does Zhejiang consist mostly of?", "id": "56f9882e9e9bad19000a0a43", "answers": [{"text": "hills", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percent of Zhejiang is hills?", "id": "56f9882e9e9bad19000a0a44", "answers": [{"text": "70%", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the highest peak of the province?", "id": "56f9882e9e9bad19000a0a45", "answers": [{"text": "Huangmaojian Peak", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How high is Huangmaojian Peak in meters?", "id": "56f9882e9e9bad19000a0a46", "answers": [{"text": "1,929", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How high is Huangmaojian Peak in feet?", "id": "56f9882e9e9bad19000a0a47", "answers": [{"text": "6,329", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "hills", "answer_start": 28}], "question": " What does Zhejiang not consist mostly of?", "id": "5acfbdaa77cf76001a685bc4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "70%", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "What percent of Zhejiang is flat?", "id": "5acfbdaa77cf76001a685bc5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Huangmaojian Peak", "answer_start": 175}], "question": " What is the lowest peak of the province?", "id": "5acfbdaa77cf76001a685bc6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1,929 meters", "answer_start": 194}], "question": " How low is Huangmaojian Peak in meters?", "id": "5acfbdaa77cf76001a685bc7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "6,329 feet", "answer_start": 210}], "question": " How low is Huangmaojian Peak in feet?", "id": "5acfbdaa77cf76001a685bc8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Zhejiang consists mostly of hills, which account for about 70% of its total area. Altitudes tend to be the highest to the south and west and the highest peak of the province, Huangmaojian Peak (1,929 meters or 6,329 feet), is located there. Other prominent mountains include Mounts Yandang, Tianmu, Tiantai, and Mogan, which reach altitudes of 700 to 1,500 meters (2,300 to 4,900 ft)."}], ["Zhejiang kurang mendapat manfaat daripada pelaburan kerajaan pusat daripada beberapa wilayah lain kerana kekurangan sumber semula jadi, lokasi terdedah kepada potensi banjir dari laut, dan pangkalan ekonomi pada purata negara. Zhejiang, bagaimanapun, telah menjadi pusat perkembangan kapitalis di China, dan telah memimpin negara dalam pembangunan ekonomi pasaran dan perusahaan swasta. Zhejiang Timur Laut, sebagai sebahagian daripada Delta Yangtze, adalah rata, lebih maju, dan perindustrian. <> Apakah jenis sumber daya yang ada di Zhejiang mempunyai kekurangan? || semula jadi <> Apakah lokasi Zhejiang terdedah kepada laut? || banjir <> Apa jenis pembangunan yang telah Zhejiang menjadi pusat? || kapitalis <> Yang mana bahagian Zhejiang adalah sebahagian daripada Delta Yangtze? || Timur Laut Zhejiang <> Jenis geografi adalah Zhejiang Timur Laut? || rata <> Apa jenis sumber daya yang ada di Zhejiang? || <> Apakah lokasi Zhejiang tidak terdedah kepada laut? || <> Apa jenis pembangunan yang Zhejiang tidak pernah menjadi pusat? || <> Yang mana bahagian Zhejiang bukan sebahagian daripada Delta Yangtze? || <> Jenis geografi jenisnya ialah Zhejiang Tenggara? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of resources does Zhejiang have a lack of?", "id": "56f987c29b226e1400dd151a", "answers": [{"text": "natural", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Zhejiang's location vulnerable to from the sea?", "id": "56f987c29b226e1400dd151b", "answers": [{"text": "flooding", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of development has Zhejiang been an epicenter of?", "id": "56f987c29b226e1400dd151c", "answers": [{"text": "capitalist", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which part of Zhejiang is part of the Yangtze Delta?", "id": "56f987c29b226e1400dd151d", "answers": [{"text": "Northeast Zhejiang", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of geography is Northeast Zhejiang?", "id": "56f987c29b226e1400dd151e", "answers": [{"text": "flat", "answer_start": 444}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "natural", "answer_start": 104}], "question": " What type of resources does Zhejiang have a lot of?", "id": "5acfbd8477cf76001a685bba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "flooding", "answer_start": 158}], "question": " What is Zhejiang's location not vulnerable to from the sea?", "id": "5acfbd8477cf76001a685bbb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "capitalist", "answer_start": 271}], "question": " What type of development has Zhejiang never been an epicenter of?", "id": "5acfbd8477cf76001a685bbc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Northeast Zhejiang", "answer_start": 391}], "question": " Which part of Zhejiang is not part of the Yangtze Delta?", "id": "5acfbd8477cf76001a685bbd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "flat", "answer_start": 444}], "question": " What type of geography is Southeast Zhejiang?", "id": "5acfbd8477cf76001a685bbe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Zhejiang benefited less from central government investment than some other provinces due to its lack of natural resources, a location vulnerable to potential flooding from the sea, and an economic base at the national average. Zhejiang, however, has been an epicenter of capitalist development in China, and has led the nation in the development of a market economy and private enterprises. Northeast Zhejiang, as part of the Yangtze Delta, is flat, more developed, and industrial."}], ["Lembah dan dataran ditemui di sepanjang pantai dan sungai. Wilayah utara terletak di selatan Delta Yangtze, dan terdiri dari dataran di sekitar bandar-bandar Hangzhou, Jiaxing, dan Huzhou, di mana Grand Canal of China memasuki dari sempadan utara hingga berakhir di Hangzhou. Kawasan lain yang agak rata dijumpai di sepanjang Sungai Qu di sekitar bandar Quzhou dan Jinhua. Sungai utama termasuk Sungai Qiangtang dan Ou. Kebanyakan sungai mengalir lembah di dataran tinggi, dengan banyak jeram dan ciri-ciri lain yang berkaitan dengan topografi sedemikian. Tasik terkenal termasuk Tasik Barat Hangzhou dan Tasik Selatan Jiaxing. <> Apakah utara wilayah itu terletak di selatan? || Yangtze Delta <> Di manakah Grand Canal of China berakhir? || Hangzhou <> Apakah sungai utama wilayah itu selain Sungai Qiangtang? || Ou Rivers <> Apa itu tasik yang terkenal di Hangzhou? || West Lake <> Apa sajian yang terkenal di Jiaxing? || Tasik Selatan <> Apakah utara wilayah itu terletak di utara? || <> Di manakah berakhirnya Grand Canal di Jepun? || <> Apakah sungai kecil di wilayah itu selain Sungai Qiangtang? || <> Apa yang bukan tasik yang terkenal di Hangzhou? || <> Apa yang bukan tasik yang terkenal di Jiaxing? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does the north of the province lie just south of?", "id": "56f988a09b226e1400dd152c", "answers": [{"text": "the Yangtze Delta", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the Grand Canal of China end?", "id": "56f988a09b226e1400dd152d", "answers": [{"text": "Hangzhou", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a major river of the province in addition to the Qiangtang River?", "id": "56f988a09b226e1400dd152e", "answers": [{"text": "Ou Rivers", "answer_start": 419}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a well-known lake of Hangzhou?", "id": "56f988a09b226e1400dd152f", "answers": [{"text": "West Lake", "answer_start": 581}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a well-known lake of Jiaxing?", "id": "56f988a09b226e1400dd1530", "answers": [{"text": "South Lake", "answer_start": 611}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Yangtze Delta", "answer_start": 110}], "question": " What does the north of the province lie just north of?", "id": "5acfbddd77cf76001a685be2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hangzhou", "answer_start": 273}], "question": " Where does the Grand Canal of Japan end?", "id": "5acfbddd77cf76001a685be3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ou Rivers", "answer_start": 419}], "question": "What is a minor river of the province in addition to the Qiangtang River?", "id": "5acfbddd77cf76001a685be4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "West Lake", "answer_start": 581}], "question": " What is not a well-known lake of Hangzhou?", "id": "5acfbddd77cf76001a685be5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "South Lake", "answer_start": 611}], "question": "What is not a well-known lake of Jiaxing?", "id": "5acfbddd77cf76001a685be6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Valleys and plains are found along the coastline and rivers. The north of the province lies just south of the Yangtze Delta, and consists of plains around the cities of Hangzhou, Jiaxing, and Huzhou, where the Grand Canal of China enters from the northern border to end at Hangzhou. Another relatively flat area is found along the Qu River around the cities of Quzhou and Jinhua. Major rivers include the Qiangtang and Ou Rivers. Most rivers carve out valleys in the highlands, with plenty of rapids and other features associated with such topography. Well-known lakes include the West Lake of Hangzhou and the South Lake of Jiaxing."}], ["Terdapat lebih tiga ribu pulau di sepanjang garis pantai Zhejiang yang lasak. Yang terbesar, Pulau Zhoushan, adalah pulau ketiga terbesar di tanah besar China, selepas Hainan dan Chongming. Terdapat juga banyak teluk, di mana Hangzhou Bay adalah yang terbesar. Zhejiang mempunyai iklim subtropika yang lembap dengan empat musim yang berbeza. Musim semi bermula pada bulan Mac dan hujan dengan cuaca yang berubah-ubah. Musim panas, dari bulan Jun hingga September adalah panjang, panas, hujan, dan lembap. Kejatuhan biasanya kering, hangat dan cerah. Musim sejuk adalah pendek tetapi sejuk kecuali di sebelah selatan. Purata suhu tahunan adalah sekitar 15 hingga 19 \u00b0 C (59 hingga 66 \u00b0 F), purata suhu Januari adalah sekitar 2 hingga 8 \u00b0 C (36 hingga 46 \u00b0 F) dan suhu purata Julai adalah sekitar 27 hingga 30 \u00b0 C (81 hingga 86 \u00b0 F). Pemendakan tahunan ialah kira-kira 1,000 hingga 1,900 mm (39 hingga 75 in). Terdapat banyak hujan pada awal musim panas, dan menjelang akhir musim panas Zhejiang secara langsung terancam oleh taufan yang terbentuk di Pasifik. <> Berapa banyak pulau di sepanjang pantai Zhejiang yang lasak? || lebih tiga ribu <> Apa pulau terbesar berhampiran Zhejiang? || Zhoushan Island <> Apa yang terbesar di Zhejiang? || Hangzhou Bay <> Berapa banyak musim yang berbeza yang ada di Zhejiang? || empat <> Bilakah Spring bermula di Zhejiang? || Mac <> Berapa banyak pulau tidak di sepanjang garis pantai Zhejiang yang lasak? || <> Apakah teluk terkecil Zhejiang? || <> Berapa banyak musim yang tidak pernah ada di Zhejiang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many islands are along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang?", "id": "56f989239b226e1400dd1536", "answers": [{"text": "over three thousand", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the largest island near Zhejiang?", "id": "56f989239b226e1400dd1537", "answers": [{"text": "Zhoushan Island", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the largest bay of Zhejiang?", "id": "56f989239b226e1400dd1538", "answers": [{"text": "Hangzhou Bay", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many distinct seasons does Zhejiang have?", "id": "56f989239b226e1400dd1539", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When does Spring start in Zhejiang?", "id": "56f989239b226e1400dd153a", "answers": [{"text": "March", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "over three thousand islands", "answer_start": 10}], "question": " How many islands are not along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang?", "id": "5acfc08277cf76001a685ca0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hangzhou Bay", "answer_start": 213}], "question": " What is the smallest bay of Zhejiang?", "id": "5acfc08277cf76001a685ca1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 289}], "question": " How many seasons does Zhejiang never have?", "id": "5acfc08277cf76001a685ca2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There are over three thousand islands along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang. The largest, Zhoushan Island, is Mainland China's third largest island, after Hainan and Chongming. There are also many bays, of which Hangzhou Bay is the largest.  Zhejiang has a humid subtropical climate with four distinct seasons. Spring starts in March and is rainy with changeable weather. Summer, from June to September is long, hot, rainy, and humid. Fall is generally dry, warm and sunny. Winters are short but cold except in the far south. Average annual temperature is around 15 to 19 \u00b0C (59 to 66 \u00b0F), average January temperature is around 2 to 8 \u00b0C (36 to 46 \u00b0F) and average July temperature is around 27 to 30 \u00b0C (81 to 86 \u00b0F). Annual precipitation is about 1,000 to 1,900 mm (39 to 75 in). There is plenty of rainfall in early summer, and by late summer Zhejiang is directly threatened by typhoons forming in the Pacific."}], ["Semasa Perang Opium Pertama, angkatan laut British mengalahkan pasukan Lapan Banner di Ningbo dan Dinghai. Di bawah terma Perjanjian Nanking yang ditandatangani pada 1843, Ningbo menjadi salah satu daripada lima pelabuhan perjanjian China dibuka kepada perdagangan luar negeri yang tidak terbatas. Kebanyakan Zhejiang berada di bawah kawalan Kerajaan Syurga Taiping semasa Pemberontakan Taiping, yang mengakibatkan kehilangan nyawa di wilayah itu. Pada tahun 1876, Wenzhou menjadi pelabuhan perjanjian kedua di Zhejiang. <> Semasa peperangan menewaskan angkatan laut British Lapan Banner pasukan di Ningbo dan Dinghai? || Perang Opium Pertama <> Bilakah Perjanjian Nanking ditandatangani? || 1843 <> Apa yang menjadi salah satu daripada lima pelabuhan perjanjian China di bawah syarat-syarat Perjanjian Nanking? || Ningbo <> Apa yang berlaku di Zhejiang dalam kawalan semasa pemberontakan Taiping? || Kerajaan Taiping Syurgawi <> Bilakah Wenzhou menjadi pelabuhan perjanjian kedua di Zhejiang? || 1876 <> Semasa peperangan tentera laut British dipukul oleh pasukan Lapan Banner di Ningbo dan Dinghai? || <> Bilakah Perjanjian Nanking ditolak? || <> Apa yang tidak menjadi salah satu daripada lima pelabuhan perjanjian China di bawah terma Perjanjian Nanking? || <> Apa yang banyak menolak Zhejiang semasa Pemberontakan Taiping? || <> Bilakah Wenzhou menjadi pelabuhan perjanjian ketiga di Zhejiang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "During which war did the British navy defeat Eight Banners forces at Ningbo and Dinghai?", "id": "56f985bd9b226e1400dd1506", "answers": [{"text": "the First Opium War", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Treaty of Nanking signed?", "id": "56f985bd9b226e1400dd1507", "answers": [{"text": "1843", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What became one of the five Chinese treaty ports under the terms of the Treaty of Nanking?", "id": "56f985bd9b226e1400dd1508", "answers": [{"text": "Ningbo", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did much of Zhejiang come under control of during the Taiping Rebellion?", "id": "56f985bd9b226e1400dd1509", "answers": [{"text": "the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Wenzhou become Zhejiang's second treaty port?", "id": "56f985bd9b226e1400dd150a", "answers": [{"text": "1876", "answer_start": 423}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "First Opium War", "answer_start": 11}], "question": "During which war did the British navy get beaten by Eight Banners forces at Ningbo and Dinghai?", "id": "5acfbcb477cf76001a685b72", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1843", "answer_start": 150}], "question": " When was the Treaty of Nanking rejected?", "id": "5acfbcb477cf76001a685b73", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ningbo", "answer_start": 78}], "question": "What did not become one of the five Chinese treaty ports under the terms of the Treaty of Nanking?", "id": "5acfbcb477cf76001a685b74", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom", "answer_start": 302}], "question": "What did much of Zhejiang reject of during the Taiping Rebellion?", "id": "5acfbcb477cf76001a685b75", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1876", "answer_start": 423}], "question": " When did Wenzhou become Zhejiang's third treaty port?", "id": "5acfbcb477cf76001a685b76", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During the First Opium War, the British navy defeated Eight Banners forces at Ningbo and Dinghai. Under the terms of the Treaty of Nanking, signed in 1843, Ningbo became one of the five Chinese treaty ports opened to virtually unrestricted foreign trade. Much of Zhejiang came under the control of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom during the Taiping Rebellion, which resulted in a considerable loss of life in the province. In 1876, Wenzhou became Zhejiang's second treaty port."}], ["\"Pada tahun 1727 orang-orang\" orang yang melahu \"di wilayah Cheh Kiang (nama Ningpo masih ada), yoh-hu atau 'orang muzik' di wilayah Shanxi, si-min atau ' Jiangsu), dan orang Tanka atau 'orang telur' di Kanton (sehingga kini penduduk bot di sana), semuanya dibebaskan daripada ketidakupayaan sosial mereka, dan dibenarkan mengira sebagai orang bebas. \" \"Cheh Kiang\" adalah satu lagi romanisasi untuk Zhejiang. The Duomin (Bahasa Cina: \u60f0 \u6c11; pinyin: du\u00f2 m\u00edn; Wade-Giles: to-min) adalah kasta orang buangan di wilayah ini. <> Apa maksud 'to-min'? || orang yang terbiar <> Apa maksud 'yoh-hu'? || muzik orang <> Apa maksud 'si-min'? || orang kecil <> Apa maksud Tanka? || orang telur <> Apakah 'Keh Chiang' romanisasi? || Zhejiang <> Apa maksud 'mo-min'? || <> Apa maksud 'yoh-hue'? || <> Apa maksud 'se-min'? || <> Apa maksud Tonka? || <> Apakah 'Keh Chyng' romanisasi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What do 'to-min' mean?", "id": "56f985239e9bad19000a0a13", "answers": [{"text": "idle people", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does 'yoh-hu' mean?", "id": "56f985239e9bad19000a0a14", "answers": [{"text": "music people", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does 'si-min' mean?", "id": "56f985239e9bad19000a0a15", "answers": [{"text": "small people", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Tanka mean? ", "id": "56f985239e9bad19000a0a16", "answers": [{"text": "egg-people", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is 'Keh Chiang' a romanization for?", "id": "56f985239e9bad19000a0a17", "answers": [{"text": "Zhejiang", "answer_start": 413}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "idle people", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "What do 'mo-min' mean?", "id": "5acfbc6a77cf76001a685b5a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "music people", "answer_start": 107}], "question": " What does 'yoh-hue' mean?", "id": "5acfbc6a77cf76001a685b5b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "small people", "answer_start": 156}], "question": " What does 'se-min' mean?", "id": "5acfbc6a77cf76001a685b5c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "egg-people", "answer_start": 227}], "question": "What does Tonka mean?", "id": "5acfbc6a77cf76001a685b5d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zhejiang", "answer_start": 413}], "question": " What is 'Keh Chyng' a romanization for?", "id": "5acfbc6a77cf76001a685b5e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "\"In 1727 the to-min or 'idle people' of Cheh Kiang province (a Ningpo name still existing), the yoh-hu or 'music people' of Shanxi province, the si-min or 'small people' of Kiang Su (Jiangsu) province, and the Tanka people or 'egg-people' of Canton (to this day the boat population there), were all freed from their social disabilities, and allowed to count as free men.\" \"Cheh Kiang\" is another romanization for Zhejiang. The Duomin (Chinese: \u60f0\u6c11; pinyin: du\u00f2 m\u00edn; Wade\u2013Giles: to-min) are a caste of outcasts in this province."}], ["Seramik hijau yang dibuat dari celadon telah dibuat di kawasan ini sejak dinasti Jin abad ke-3, tetapi ia kembali menjadi terkenal-terutamanya di Longquan-semasa Song Selatan dan Yuan. Greenpeace Longquan dicirikan oleh sayap tidak tebal tebal warna hijau biru tertentu di atas badan porcangle cahaya yang tidak terurai yang tidak didagangkan yang sangat halus. Yuan Longquan celadon mempunyai sayap yang lebih nipis dan lebih hijau pada kapal yang semakin besar dengan hiasan dan bentuk yang berasal dari seramik Timur Tengah dan logam. Ini dihasilkan dalam kuantiti yang besar untuk perdagangan eksport Cina ke Asia Tenggara, Timur Tengah, dan (semasa Ming) Eropah. Walau bagaimanapun, oleh Ming, pengeluaran adalah kurang berkualiti. Dalam tempoh ini, kilas Longquan merosot, akhirnya akan digantikan dengan populariti dan pengeluaran seramik oleh kiln Jingdezhen di Jiangxi. <> Apakah seramik hijau dibuat daripada? || Celadon <> Warna warna apa yang dikenali sebagai Greenware Longquan? || biru-hijau <> Berapa tempoh keratan Longquan merosot? || Ming <> Apakah kiln yang kilau Longquan digantikan dengan populariti dan pengeluaran? || Jingdezhen di Jiangxi <> Apa hiasan yang Yuan Longquan Celadon berasal dari? || Timur Tengah <> Apa itu keramik blueware yang diperbuat daripada? || <> Apakah seramik merahware terbuat dari? || <> Tempoh apa yang meningkat seramik Longquan? || <> Tanaman apa yang kilas di Longquan tidak digantikan dengan populariti dan pengeluaran? || <> Apa hiasan yang Yuan Longquan bukan celadon berasal dari? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What were greenware ceramics made from?", "id": "56f9849c9e9bad19000a0a01", "answers": [{"text": "celadon", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What color tint is Longquan greenware characterized by?", "id": "56f9849c9e9bad19000a0a02", "answers": [{"text": "bluish-green", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What period did Longquan ceramics decline?", "id": "56f9849c9e9bad19000a0a03", "answers": [{"text": "the Ming", "answer_start": 674}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kilns were Longquan kilns replaced by in popularity and production?", "id": "56f9849c9e9bad19000a0a04", "answers": [{"text": "Jingdezhen in Jiangxi", "answer_start": 872}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What decorations are Yuan Longquan celadons derived from?", "id": "56f9849c9e9bad19000a0a05", "answers": [{"text": "Middle Eastern", "answer_start": 497}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "celadon", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "What were blueware ceramics made from?", "id": "5acfbc3a77cf76001a685b3e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "celadon", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "What were redware ceramics made from?", "id": "5acfbc3a77cf76001a685b3f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Ming", "answer_start": 674}], "question": " What period did Longquan ceramics rise?", "id": "5acfbc3a77cf76001a685b40", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jingdezhen in Jiangxi", "answer_start": 872}], "question": "What kilns were Longquan kilns not replaced by in popularity and production?", "id": "5acfbc3a77cf76001a685b41", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Middle East", "answer_start": 628}], "question": " What decorations are Yuan Longquan non-celadons derived from?", "id": "5acfbc3a77cf76001a685b42", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Greenware ceramics made from celadon had been made in the area since the 3rd-century Jin dynasty, but it returned to prominence\u2014particularly in Longquan\u2014during the Southern Song and Yuan. Longquan greenware is characterized by a thick unctuous glaze of a particular bluish-green tint over an otherwise undecorated light-grey porcellaneous body that is delicately potted. Yuan Longquan celadons feature a thinner, greener glaze on increasingly large vessels with decoration and shapes derived from Middle Eastern ceramic and metalwares. These were produced in large quantities for the Chinese export trade to Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and (during the Ming) Europe. By the Ming, however, production was notably deficient in quality. It is in this period that the Longquan kilns declined, to be eventually replaced in popularity and ceramic production by the kilns of Jingdezhen in Jiangxi."}], ["Selepas Republik Rakyat China menguasai Tanah Besar China pada tahun 1949, kerajaan China yang berpangkalan di Taiwan terus mengawal Kepulauan Dachen di pesisir Zhejiang sehingga tahun 1955, bahkan menubuhkan kerajaan wilayah saingan Zhejiang di sana, mewujudkan keadaan yang serupa dengan Wilayah Fujian hari ini. Semasa Revolusi Kebudayaan (1966-76), Zhejiang berada dalam kekacauan dan perpecahan, dan ekonominya tidak berubah, terutamanya semasa gelombang pasang surut (1966-69) revolusi. Dasar pertanian yang mengutamakan pengeluaran bijirin dengan mengorbankan tanaman perindustrian dan wang tunai menguatkan kesusahan ekonomi di wilayah itu. Dasar pendirian Mao dan pengurangan perdagangan maritim memotong kehidupan bandar-bandar pelabuhan Ningbo dan Wenzhou. Walaupun Mao melabur dalam keretapi di pedalaman China, tidak ada kereta api utama yang dibina di Zhejiang Selatan, di mana pengangkutan kekal miskin. <> Bilakah Republik Rakyat China mengawal Tanah Besar China? || 1949 <> Bilakah Republik China mengawal Kepulauan Dachen sehingga? || 1955 <> Bilakah Revolusi Kebudayaan? || 1966-76 <> Bilakah gelombang pasang Revolusi Kebudayaan? || 1966-69 <> Apakah pengeluaran yang dibuat oleh dasar pertanian terhadap tanaman perindustrian dan wang tunai? || gandum <> Apa yang berlaku pada tahun 1944? || <> Apa yang berlaku pada tahun 1956? || <> Apa yang berlaku dari 1955-1977? || <> Bilakah gelombang pasang revolusi kebudayaan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the People's Republic of China take control of Mainland China?", "id": "56f9872e9e9bad19000a0a39", "answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Republic of China control the Dachen Islands until?", "id": "56f9872e9e9bad19000a0a3a", "answers": [{"text": "1955", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Cultural Revolution?", "id": "56f9872e9e9bad19000a0a3b", "answers": [{"text": "1966\u201376", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the high tide of the Cultural Revolution?", "id": "56f9872e9e9bad19000a0a3c", "answers": [{"text": "1966\u201369", "answer_start": 464}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What production did the agricultural policy favor over industrial and cash crops?", "id": "56f9872e9e9bad19000a0a3d", "answers": [{"text": "grain", "answer_start": 525}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "People's Republic of China took control of Mainland China", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "What happened in 1944?", "id": "5acfbd4c77cf76001a685ba0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Taiwan continued to control the Dachen Islands off the coast of Zhejiang", "answer_start": 119}], "question": "What happened in 1956?", "id": "5acfbd4c77cf76001a685ba1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Cultural Revolution", "answer_start": 334}], "question": "What happened from 1955-1977?", "id": "5acfbd4c77cf76001a685ba2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1966\u201369", "answer_start": 464}], "question": "When was the low tide of the cultural revolution?", "id": "5acfbd4c77cf76001a685ba3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "After the People's Republic of China took control of Mainland China in 1949, the Republic of China government based in Taiwan continued to control the Dachen Islands off the coast of Zhejiang until 1955, even establishing a rival Zhejiang provincial government there, creating a situation similar to Fujian province today. During the Cultural Revolution (1966\u201376), Zhejiang was in chaos and disunity, and its economy was stagnant, especially during the high tide (1966\u201369) of the revolution. The agricultural policy favoring grain production at the expense of industrial and cash crops intensified economic hardships in the province. Mao\u2019s self-reliance policy and the reduction in maritime trade cut off the lifelines of the port cities of Ningbo and Wenzhou. While Mao invested heavily in railroads in interior China, no major railroads were built in South Zhejiang, where transportation remained poor."}], ["Semasa Perang Sino-Jepun Kedua, yang membawa kepada Perang Dunia II, kebanyakan Zhejiang telah diduduki oleh Jepun dan diletakkan di bawah kawalan negara boneka Jepun yang dikenali sebagai Kerajaan Negara Reorganisasi China. Berikutan Serangan Doolittle, kebanyakan kru B-25 Amerika yang turun di China akhirnya menjadikannya selamat dengan bantuan orang awam dan askar Cina. Orang-orang Cina yang membantu mereka, bagaimanapun, membayar mahal untuk melindungi Amerika. Tentera Jepun Imperial memulakan Kempen Zhejiang-Jiangxi untuk menakut-nakutkan orang Cina untuk membantu pasukan Amerika. Orang Jepun membunuh kira-kira 250,000 orang awam ketika mencari lelaki Doolittle. <> Perang apa Perang China-Jepun memimpin? || Perang Dunia II <> Yang menduduki banyak Zhejiang semasa Perang Sino-Jepun Kedua? || Jepun <> Berapa anggaran penduduk awam dibunuh oleh orang Jepun mencari lelaki Doolittle? || 250,000 <> Apakah jenis krew Amerika yang turun di China berikutan serangan Doolittle? || B-25 <> Kerajaan boneka Jepang yang menduduki Zhejiang dipanggil apa? || Kerajaan Reorganisasikan China <> Perang apa perang China-Jepun Ketiga memimpin? || <> Apa yang menyebabkan Perang Dunia I? || <> Yang tidak menduduki Zhejiang semasa Perang Sino-Jepun Kedua? || <> Berapa anggaran penduduk awam diselamatkan oleh orang Jepun mencari lelaki Doolittle? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What war did the Second Sino-Japanese War lead into?", "id": "56f9867d9e9bad19000a0a2f", "answers": [{"text": "World War II", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who occupied much of Zhejiang during the Second Sino-Japanese War?", "id": "56f9867d9e9bad19000a0a30", "answers": [{"text": "Japan", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many estimated civilians were killed by the Japanese searching for Doolittle's men?", "id": "56f9867d9e9bad19000a0a31", "answers": [{"text": "250,000", "answer_start": 630}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of American crews came down in China following the Doolittle raid?", "id": "56f9867d9e9bad19000a0a32", "answers": [{"text": "B-25", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Japanese puppet state that occupied Zhejiang was called what?", "id": "56f9867d9e9bad19000a0a33", "answers": [{"text": "the Reorganized National Government of China", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "World War II,", "answer_start": 52}], "question": " What war did the Third Sino-Japanese War lead into?", "id": "5acfbd0a77cf76001a685b98", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Second Sino-Japanese War", "answer_start": 11}], "question": "What led into World War I?", "id": "5acfbd0a77cf76001a685b99", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Japan", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "Who occupied none of Zhejiang during the Second Sino-Japanese War?", "id": "5acfbd0a77cf76001a685b9a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "250,000", "answer_start": 630}], "question": " How many estimated civilians were rescued by the Japanese searching for Doolittle's men?", "id": "5acfbd0a77cf76001a685b9b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During the Second Sino-Japanese War, which led into World War II, much of Zhejiang was occupied by Japan and placed under the control of the Japanese puppet state known as the Reorganized National Government of China. Following the Doolittle Raid, most of the B-25 American crews that came down in China eventually made it to safety with the help of Chinese civilians and soldiers. The Chinese people who helped them, however, paid dearly for sheltering the Americans. The Imperial Japanese Army began the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign to intimidate the Chinese out of helping downed American airmen. The Japanese killed an estimated 250,000 civilians while searching for Doolittle\u2019s men."}], ["Dinasti Song menubuhkan perpaduan sekitar 960. Di bawah Song, kemakmuran China Selatan mula mengatasi China Utara. Selepas utara hilang pada Dinasti Jin Jurchen pada 1127 berikutan Insiden Jingkang, Hangzhou menjadi ibukota Song Selatan di bawah nama Lin'an. Terkenal kerana kemakmuran dan kecantikannya, ia mungkin merupakan bandar terbesar di dunia pada masa itu. Sejak itu, Zhejiang utara dan jiran selatan Jiangsu telah sinonim dengan kemewahan dan kebanggaan dalam budaya Cina. Penaklukan Mongol dan penubuhan dinasti Yuan pada tahun 1279 berakhir dengan pengaruh politik Hangzhou, tetapi ekonomi terus berkembang. Marco Polo melawat bandar itu, yang mana ia dikenali sebagai \"Kinsay\" (selepas Jingshi Cina, yang bermaksud \"Ibu Kota\") mendakwa ia adalah \"kota terbaik dan paling mulia di dunia\". <> Bilakah dinasti Song menegakkan semula perpaduan? || 960 <> Bilakah Utara hilang ke Dinasti Jin Jurchen? || 1127 <> Apa yang dikenali sebagai Hangzhou ketika ibu kota Song Selatan? || Lin'an <> Bilakah dinasti Yuan ditubuhkan? || Lin'an <> Apa yang Marco Polo memanggil Lin'an ketika dia melawatnya? || Kinsay <> Apa yang berlaku pada 950? || <> Siapa yang dibubarkan dalam 960? || <> Apa yang berlaku pada tahun 1126? || <> Bilakah selatan hilang ke dinasti Jin Jurchen? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Song dynasty reestablish unity around?", "id": "56f9839d9e9bad19000a09f7", "answers": [{"text": "960", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the North lost to the Jurchen Jin dynasty?", "id": "56f9839d9e9bad19000a09f8", "answers": [{"text": "1127", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Hangzhou known as while the capitol of the Southern Song?", "id": "56f9839d9e9bad19000a09f9", "answers": [{"text": "Lin'an", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Yuan dynasty established?", "id": "56f9839d9e9bad19000a09fa", "answers": [{"text": "Lin'an", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Marco Polo call Lin'an when he visited it?", "id": "56f9839d9e9bad19000a09fb", "answers": [{"text": "Kinsay", "answer_start": 712}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Song dynasty re\u00ebstablished unity", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What happened in 950?", "id": "5acfbbe877cf76001a685b24", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Song dynasty", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who dissolved in 960?", "id": "5acfbbe877cf76001a685b25", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "north was lost to the Jurchen Jin dynasty", "answer_start": 144}], "question": "What happened in 1126?", "id": "5acfbbe877cf76001a685b26", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1127", "answer_start": 189}], "question": "When was the south lost to the Jurchen Jin dynasty?", "id": "5acfbbe877cf76001a685b27", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Song dynasty re\u00ebstablished unity around 960. Under the Song, the prosperity of South China began to overtake that of North China. After the north was lost to the Jurchen Jin dynasty in 1127 following the Jingkang Incident, Hangzhou became the capital of the Southern Song under the name Lin'an. Renowned for its prosperity and beauty, it may have been the largest city in the world at the time. From then on, north Zhejiang and neighboring south Jiangsu have been synonymous with luxury and opulence in Chinese culture. The Mongol conquest and the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in 1279 ended Hangzhou's political clout, but its economy continued to prosper. Marco Polo visited the city, which he called \"Kinsay\" (after the Chinese Jingshi, meaning \"Capital City\") claiming it was \"the finest and noblest city in the world\"."}], ["Han Cina membentuk sebahagian besar penduduk, dan kumpulan kecil Han yang terbesar adalah pembesar suara Wu dari kaum Cina. Terdapat juga 400,000 anggota etnik minoriti, termasuk kira-kira 200,000 orang dan kira-kira 20,000 orang Cina Hui [rujukan diperlukan]. Jingning Dia Autonomi County di Lishui adalah satu-satunya daerah autonomi di China. <> Apa jenis orang Cina yang membentuk majoriti penduduk? || Han <> Apakah jenis Cina yang melakukan subkumpulan Han terbesar? || Wu <> Berapa ramai ahli etnik minoriti di sana? || 400,000 <> Berapa ramai orang di sana? || 200,000 <> Di mana satu-satunya daerah autonomi di China? || Lishui <> Apa jenis orang Jepun yang membentuk majoriti penduduk? || <> Apa jenis orang Cina melakukan sub kumpulan Han terkecil? || <> Berapa ramai ahli majoriti etnik yang ada di sana? || <> Berapa ramai orang bukan Dia yang berada di sana? || <> Di mana satu-satunya daerah autonomi di Jepun? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of Chinese make up the vast majority of the population?", "id": "56f98ddc9e9bad19000a0ab5", "answers": [{"text": "Han", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What varieties of Chinese do the largest Han subgroup speak?", "id": "56f98ddc9e9bad19000a0ab6", "answers": [{"text": "Wu", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many members of ethnic minorities are there?", "id": "56f98ddc9e9bad19000a0ab7", "answers": [{"text": "400,000", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many She people are there?", "id": "56f98ddc9e9bad19000a0ab8", "answers": [{"text": "200,000", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the only She autonomous county in China?", "id": "56f98ddc9e9bad19000a0ab9", "answers": [{"text": "Lishui", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Han", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What kind of Japanese make up the vast majority of the population?", "id": "5acfc3cd77cf76001a685da8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wu", "answer_start": 106}], "question": " What varieties of Chinese do the smallest Han subgroup speak?", "id": "5acfc3cd77cf76001a685da9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "400,000", "answer_start": 146}], "question": " How many members of ethnic majorities are there?", "id": "5acfc3cd77cf76001a685daa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "20,000", "answer_start": 245}], "question": " How many non-She people are there?", "id": "5acfc3cd77cf76001a685dab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Lishui", "answer_start": 316}], "question": " Where is the only She autonomous county in Japan?", "id": "5acfc3cd77cf76001a685dac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Han Chinese make up the vast majority of the population, and the largest Han subgroup are the speakers of Wu varieties of Chinese. There are also 400,000 members of ethnic minorities, including approximately 200,000 She people and approximately 20,000 Hui Chinese[citation needed]. Jingning She Autonomous County in Lishui is the only She autonomous county in China."}], ["Ningbo, Wenzhou, Taizhou dan Zhoushan adalah pelabuhan komersil yang penting. Jambatan Teluk Hangzhou antara Haiyan County dan Cixi, adalah jambatan terpanjang atas badan air laut berterusan di dunia. <> Apakah pelabuhan perdagangan penting bersama Ningbo, Wenzhou dan Taizhou? || Zhoushan <> Jambatan apakah di antara Haiyan County dan Cixi? || Jambatan Teluk Hangzhou <> Apakah jambatan terpanjang di atas badan air laut berterusan di dunia? || Jambatan Teluk Hangzhou <> Pelabuhan apa jenis Taizhou dan Ningbo? || komersial <> Jambatan Teluk Hangzhou berjalan di antara Haiyan County dan di mana lagi? || Cixi <> Apa yang bukan pelabuhan komersil penting bersama Ningbo, Wenzhou dan Taizhou? || <> Jambatan apa yang tidak pergi ke County Haiyan? || <> Jambatan apa yang tidak pergi ke Cixi? || <> Pelabuhan macam apa Taizhou dan Ningbo tidak dipertimbangkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is an important commercial port along with Ningbo, Wenzhou and Taizhou?", "id": "56f98bf79b226e1400dd1554", "answers": [{"text": "Zhoushan", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What bridge is between Haiyan County and Cixi?", "id": "56f98bf79b226e1400dd1555", "answers": [{"text": "The Hangzhou Bay Bridge", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the longest bridge over a continuous body of sea water in the world?", "id": "56f98bf79b226e1400dd1556", "answers": [{"text": "The Hangzhou Bay Bridge", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of ports are Taizhou and Ningbo?", "id": "56f98bf79b226e1400dd1557", "answers": [{"text": "commercial", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Hangzhou Bay Bridge goes between Haiyan County and where else?", "id": "56f98bf79b226e1400dd1558", "answers": [{"text": "Cixi", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zhoushan", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "What is not an important commercial port along with Ningbo, Wenzhou and Taizhou?", "id": "5acfc2d177cf76001a685d62", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Hangzhou Bay Bridge", "answer_start": 70}], "question": " What bridge does not go to Haiyan County?", "id": "5acfc2d177cf76001a685d63", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Hangzhou Bay Bridge", "answer_start": 70}], "question": " What bridge does not go to Cixi?", "id": "5acfc2d177cf76001a685d64", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "commercial", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "What kind of ports are Taizhou and Ningbo not considered?", "id": "5acfc2d177cf76001a685d65", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Ningbo, Wenzhou, Taizhou and Zhoushan are important commercial ports. The Hangzhou Bay Bridge between Haiyan County and Cixi, is the longest bridge over a continuous body of sea water in the world."}], ["Pada pertengahan tahun 2015 kerajaan Zhejiang mengiktiraf agama rakyat sebagai \"agama sivil\" yang memulakan pendaftaran lebih daripada dua puluh ribu persatuan agama rakyat. Buddhisme mempunyai kehadiran penting sejak kedatangannya di Zhejiang 1,800 tahun dahulu. <> Tahun berapa kerajaan Zhejiang mengiktiraf agama orang sebagai 'agama sivil'? || 2015 <> Bilakah agama Buddha tiba di Zhejiang? || 1,800 tahun yang lalu <> Apa yang mempunyai kehadiran penting di Zhejiang sejak kedatangannya 1,800 tahun yang lalu? || Buddhisme <> Apa bahagian tahun 2015 adakah kerajaan Zhejiang mengiktiraf agama rakyat sebagai 'agama sivil'? || pertengahan <> Lebih dari berapa ribu organisasi agama rakyat telah didaftarkan di Zhejiang pada tahun 2015? || dua puluh <> tahun berapa kerajaan Zhejiang menolak agama rakyat sebagai 'agama sivil'? || <> Bilakah agama Buddha meninggalkan Zhejiang? || <> Apa yang mempunyai kehadiran penting di Zhejiang sejak berlepasnya 1,800 tahun yang lalu? || <> Apa bahagian daripada 2013 yang dilakukan kerajaan Zhejiang mengiktiraf agama orang sebagai 'agama sivil'? || <> Lebih daripada seratus ratus pertubuhan keagamaan rakyat telah didaftarkan di Zhejiang pada tahun 2015? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did the government of Zhejiang recognise folk religion as 'civil religion'?", "id": "56f98f199e9bad19000a0ac7", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Buddhism arrive in Zhejiang?", "id": "56f98f199e9bad19000a0ac8", "answers": [{"text": "1,800 years ago", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has an important presence in Zhejiang since its arrival 1,800 years ago?", "id": "56f98f199e9bad19000a0ac9", "answers": [{"text": "Buddhism", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of 2015 did the government of Zhejiang recognise folk religion as 'civil religion'?", "id": "56f98f199e9bad19000a0aca", "answers": [{"text": "mid", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "More than how many thousand folk religious organisations were registered in Zhejiang in 2015?", "id": "56f98f199e9bad19000a0acb", "answers": [{"text": "twenty", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 7}], "question": "What year did the government of Zhejiang reject folk religion as 'civil religion'?", "id": "5acfc47b77cf76001a685de6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1,800 years ago", "answer_start": 234}], "question": " When did Buddhism leave Zhejiang?", "id": "5acfc47b77cf76001a685de7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Buddhism", "answer_start": 169}], "question": "What has an important presence in Zhejiang since its departure 1,800 years ago?", "id": "5acfc47b77cf76001a685de8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mid", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "What part of 2013 did the government of Zhejiang recognise folk religion as 'civil religion'?", "id": "5acfc47b77cf76001a685de9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "twenty", "answer_start": 124}], "question": " More than how many hundred folk religious organisations were registered in Zhejiang in 2015?", "id": "5acfc47b77cf76001a685dea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In mid-2015 the government of Zhejiang recognised folk religion as \"civil religion\" beginning the registration of more than twenty thousand folk religious associations. Buddhism has an important presence since its arrival in Zhejiang 1,800 years ago."}], ["Pada hari Khamis, 15 September 2011, lebih daripada 500 orang dari Kampung Hongxiao membantah kematian besar-besaran ikan di sungai berdekatan. Penunjuk perasaan marah menyerang kompleks kilang Syarikat Jinko Solar Company, membaling lapan kenderaan syarikat, dan memusnahkan pejabat sebelum polis datang untuk menyuraikan orang ramai. Protes berterusan pada dua malam berikutnya dengan laporan skandal, kata para pegawai. Chen Hongming, timbalan ketua biro perlindungan alam sekitar Haining, berkata pembuangan sisa kilang itu telah gagal ujian pencemaran sejak April. Pengawas alam sekitar telah memperingatkan kilang itu, tetapi ia tidak berkesan mengawal pencemaran itu, tambah Chen. <> Apa hari minggu itu ialah 15 September 2011? || Khamis <> Apa kampung yang membantah kematian besar-besaran ikan di sungai berdekatan pada 15 September 2011? || Hongxiao <> Berapa banyak kenderaan syarikat yang melakukan penindasan yang marah di Syarikat Solar Jinko Zhejiang? || lapan <> Berapa malam lagi selepas hari pertama protes berlangsung? || dua <> Siapa timbalan ketua biro perlindungan alam sekitar Haining pada masa itu? || Chen Hongming <> Apa hari minggu itu ialah 14 September 2011? || <> Apa yang berlaku pada 15 September 2001? || <> Bilakah orang setuju dengan kematian ikan besar-besaran? || <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh 50 orang terhadapnya? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What day of the week was September 15, 2011?", "id": "56f98d699e9bad19000a0aab", "answers": [{"text": "Thursday", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What village protested over the large-scale death of fish in a nearby river on September 15, 2011?", "id": "56f98d699e9bad19000a0aac", "answers": [{"text": "Hongxiao", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many company vehicles did angry protesters overturn at the Zhejiang Jinko Solar Company?", "id": "56f98d699e9bad19000a0aad", "answers": [{"text": "eight", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many more nights after the first day did protests last?", "id": "56f98d699e9bad19000a0aae", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the deputy head of Haining's environmental protection bureau at the time?", "id": "56f98d699e9bad19000a0aaf", "answers": [{"text": "Chen Hongming", "answer_start": 408}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Thursday", "answer_start": 3}], "question": " What day of the week was September 14, 2011?", "id": "5acfc36077cf76001a685d8e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "more than 500 people from Hongxiao Village protested over the large-scale death of fish", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "What happened in September 15 2001?", "id": "5acfc36077cf76001a685d8f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "September 15, 2011", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "When did people agree with the large-scale death of fish?", "id": "5acfc36077cf76001a685d90", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the large-scale death of fish", "answer_start": 91}], "question": "What did 50 people protest against?", "id": "5acfc36077cf76001a685d91", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "On Thursday, September 15, 2011, more than 500 people from Hongxiao Village protested over the large-scale death of fish in a nearby river. Angry protesters stormed the Zhejiang Jinko Solar Company factory compound, overturned eight company vehicles, and destroyed the offices before police came to disperse the crowd. Protests continued on the two following nights with reports of scuffles, officials said. Chen Hongming, a deputy head of Haining's environmental protection bureau, said the factory's waste disposal had failed pollution tests since April. The environmental watchdog had warned the factory, but it had not effectively controlled the pollution, Chen added."}], ["Sebelas bahagian di wilayah Zhejiang dibahagikan kepada 90 divisi peringkat daerah (36 daerah, 20 bandar di peringkat daerah, 33 daerah, dan satu daerah autonomi). Mereka seterusnya dibahagikan kepada 1.570 bahagian peringkat perbandaran (761 bandar, 505 bandar, 14 bandar etnik, dan 290 subdistrikal). Hengdian tergolong dalam Jinhua, yang merupakan pangkalan filem penggambaran dan drama TV terbesar di China. Hengdian dipanggil \"China's Hollywood\". <> Berapa banyak bahagian di bahagian wilayah Zhejiang ada di sana? || sebelas <> Berapa banyak divisyen peringkat daerah di Zhejiang ada? || 90 <> Berapa banyak bahagian perbandaran di Zhejiang ada di sana? || 1,570 <> Apakah pangkalan filem penggambaran dan drama TV terbesar di China? || Jinhua <> Apa yang dipanggil 'China's Hollywood'? || Hengdian <> Berapa banyak bahagian persekutuan unprefecture di Zhejiang ada? || <> Berapa banyak bahagian di peringkat daerah di Zhejiang ada di sana? || <> Berapa banyak bahagian perbandaran di Zhejiang ada di sana? || <> Apa yang dipanggil 'New York China'? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many prefecture-level divisions of Zhejiang are there?", "id": "56f989939e9bad19000a0a5d", "answers": [{"text": "eleven", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many county-level divisions of Zhejiang are there?", "id": "56f989939e9bad19000a0a5e", "answers": [{"text": "90", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many township-level divisions of Zhejiang are there?", "id": "56f989939e9bad19000a0a5f", "answers": [{"text": "1,570", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the largest base of shooting films and TV dramas in China?", "id": "56f989939e9bad19000a0a60", "answers": [{"text": "Jinhua", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is called 'China's Hollywood'?", "id": "56f989939e9bad19000a0a61", "answers": [{"text": "Hengdian", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "eleven", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "How many unprefecture-level divisions of Zhejiang are there?", "id": "5acfc0d277cf76001a685cb8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "90", "answer_start": 70}], "question": " How many non-county-level divisions of Zhejiang are there?", "id": "5acfc0d277cf76001a685cb9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1,570", "answer_start": 207}], "question": " How many township-level divisions of Zhejiang are there?", "id": "5acfc0d277cf76001a685cba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hengdian", "answer_start": 405}], "question": " What is called 'China's New York'?", "id": "5acfc0d277cf76001a685cbb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The eleven prefecture-level divisions of Zhejiang are subdivided into 90 county-level divisions (36 districts, 20 county-level cities, 33 counties, and one autonomous county). Those are in turn divided into 1,570 township-level divisions (761 towns, 505 townships, 14 ethnic townships, and 290 subdistricts). Hengdian belongs to Jinhua, which is the largest base of shooting films and TV dramas in China. Hengdian is called \"China's Hollywood\"."}], ["Agama-agama utama di Zhejiang adalah agama rakyat China, tradisi Tao dan Buddhisme Cina. Menurut kaji selidik yang dijalankan pada tahun 2007 dan 2009, 23.02% daripada penduduk percaya dan terlibat dalam kultus nenek moyang, manakala 2.62% daripada populasi yang dikenal sebagai Kristian, berkurangan daripada 3.92% pada tahun 2004. Laporan itu tidak memberikan angka untuk jenis lain agama; 74.36% daripada populasi mungkin tidak beragama atau terlibat dalam penyembahan dewa alam, Buddhisme, Konfusianisme, Taoisme, mazhab agama, dan minoriti minoriti Islam. <> Apa lagi agama utama Zhejiang selain agama kaum Cina dan tradisi Tao? || Buddhisme Cina <> Menurut kaji selidik pada tahun 2007 dan 2009, berapa peratus penduduk percaya pada kultus nenek moyang? || 23.02% <> Menurut kaji selidik pada tahun 2007 dan 2009, berapa peratus populasi yang dikenal sebagai Kristian? || 2.62% <> Berapakah peratus penduduk yang dikenal pasti sebagai orang Kristian pada tahun 2004? || 3.92% <> Berapakah peratus penduduknya mungkin tidak beragama? || 74.36% <> Apakah agama lain yang utama di Zhejiang selain daripada agama rakyat Jepun dan tradisi Tao? || <> Mengikut kaji selidik pada tahun 2007 dan 2009, berapa peratus populasi tidak mempercayai kultus nenek moyang? || <> Sebanyak peratus penduduk yang dikenal pasti sebagai orang Kristian pada tahun 2007? || <> Sebanyak peratus penduduknya tidak beragama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another predominant religion of Zhejiang besides Chinese folk religions and Taoist traditions?", "id": "56f98e839b226e1400dd1568", "answers": [{"text": "Chinese Buddhism", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to surveys in 2007 and 2009, what percent of the population believes in cults of ancestors?", "id": "56f98e839b226e1400dd1569", "answers": [{"text": "23.02%", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to surveys in 2007 and 2009, what percent of the population identifies as Christian?", "id": "56f98e839b226e1400dd156a", "answers": [{"text": "2.62%", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percent of the population identified as Christians in 2004?", "id": "56f98e839b226e1400dd156b", "answers": [{"text": "3.92%", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percent of the population may be irreligious?", "id": "56f98e839b226e1400dd156c", "answers": [{"text": "74.36%", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Buddhism", "answer_start": 96}], "question": "What is another predominant religion of Zhejiang besides Japanese folk religions and Taoist traditions?", "id": "5acfc3fb77cf76001a685dbc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "23.02%", "answer_start": 155}], "question": "According to surveys in 2007 and 2009, what percent of the population does not believe in cults of ancestors?", "id": "5acfc3fb77cf76001a685dbd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "3.92%", "answer_start": 299}], "question": " What percent of the population identified as Christians in 2007?", "id": "5acfc3fb77cf76001a685dbe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "74.36%", "answer_start": 375}], "question": " What percent of the population is not irreligious?", "id": "5acfc3fb77cf76001a685dbf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The predominant religions in Zhejiang are Chinese folk religions, Taoist traditions and Chinese Buddhism. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 23.02% of the population believes and is involved in cults of ancestors, while 2.62% of the population identifies as Christian, decreasing from 3.92% in 2004. The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 74.36% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in worship of nature deities, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, folk religious sects, and small minorities of Muslims."}], ["Beberapa tokoh politik yang berkhidmat sebagai pejabat politik utama Setiausaha Parti Komunis Zhejiang telah memainkan peranan utama dalam pelbagai peristiwa dalam sejarah PRC. Tan Zhenlin (terma 1949-1952), Setiausaha Parti yang pertama, adalah salah satu suara terkemuka terhadap Revolusi Kebudayaan Mao semasa apa yang dipanggil Countercurrent Februari 1967. Jiang Hua (istilah 1956-1968), adalah \"ketua keadilan\" pada Mahkamah Khas dalam kes terhadap Gang of Four pada tahun 1980. Tiga Setiausaha Parti wilayah sejak tahun 1990-an telah menjadi terkenal di peringkat kebangsaan. Mereka termasuk Setiausaha Agung CPC dan Presiden Xi Jinping (penggal 2002-2007), Pengerusi Kongres Rakyat Kebangsaan dan bekas Naib Perdana Menteri Zhang Dejiang (term 1998-2002), dan Zhao Hongzhu (istilah 2007-2012), Timbalan Setiausaha Pusat Suruhanjaya Pemeriksaan Disiplin, badan anti rasuah di China. Daripada empat belas Setiausaha Parti Zhejiang sejak tahun 1949, tiada yang berasal dari wilayah itu. <> Bilakah istilah Tan Zhenlin sebagai Setiausaha Parti Komunis Zhenjiang? || 1949-1952 <> Siapa Setiausaha Parti Komunis yang pertama di Zhenjiang? || Tan Zhenlin <> Bilakah yang disebut Countercurrent Februari? || 1967 <> Bilakah istilah Jiang Hua? || 1956-1968 <> Bilakah kesnya terhadap Gang of Four? || 1980 <> Apa yang berlaku pada tahun 1948? || <> Apakah Countercurrent March 1967? || <> Bilakah Countercurrent Oktober? || <> Bilakah kesnya menentang Geng Lima? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was Tan Zhenlin's term as Zhenjiang's Communist Party Secretary?", "id": "56f98b129e9bad19000a0a81", "answers": [{"text": "1949-1952", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the inaugural Communist Party Secretary of Zhenjiang?", "id": "56f98b129e9bad19000a0a82", "answers": [{"text": "Tan Zhenlin", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the so-called February Countercurrent?", "id": "56f98b129e9bad19000a0a83", "answers": [{"text": "1967", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Jiang Hua's term?", "id": "56f98b129e9bad19000a0a84", "answers": [{"text": "1956-1968", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the case against the Gang of Four?", "id": "56f98b129e9bad19000a0a85", "answers": [{"text": "1980", "answer_start": 449}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the inaugural Party Secretary, was one of the leading voices against Mao's Cultural Revolution", "answer_start": 187}], "question": "What happened in 1948?", "id": "5acfc22277cf76001a685d2c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "against Mao's Cultural Revolution", "answer_start": 248}], "question": "What was the March Countercurrent 1967?", "id": "5acfc22277cf76001a685d2d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1967", "answer_start": 330}], "question": "When was the October Countercurrent?", "id": "5acfc22277cf76001a685d2e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1980", "answer_start": 449}], "question": " When was the case against the Gang of Five?", "id": "5acfc22277cf76001a685d2f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Several political figures who served as Zhejiang's top political office of Communist Party Secretary have played key roles in various events in PRC history. Tan Zhenlin (term 1949-1952), the inaugural Party Secretary, was one of the leading voices against Mao's Cultural Revolution during the so-called February Countercurrent of 1967. Jiang Hua (term 1956-1968), was the \"chief justice\" on the Special Court in the case against the Gang of Four in 1980. Three provincial Party Secretaries since the 1990s have gone onto prominence at the national level. They include CPC General Secretary and President Xi Jinping (term 2002-2007), National People's Congress Chairman and former Vice-Premier Zhang Dejiang (term 1998-2002), and Zhao Hongzhu (term 2007-2012), the Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, China's top anti-corruption body. Of Zhejiang's fourteen Party Secretaries since 1949, none were native to the province."}], ["Wilayah ini secara tradisinya dikenali sebagai \"Tanah Ikan dan Beras\". Sebenarnya namanya, beras adalah tanaman utama, diikuti dengan gandum; utara Zhejiang juga merupakan pusat akuakultur di China, dan perikanan Zhoushan adalah perikanan terbesar di negara ini. Tanaman tunai utama termasuk jute dan kapas, dan wilayah itu juga mengetuai wilayah-wilayah China dalam pengeluaran teh. (Teh Longjing yang terkenal adalah produk dari Hangzhou.) Bandar-bandar Zhejiang telah dikenali sebagai penghasilan barangan kraftangan seperti sutera, yang mana kedudukannya kedua di kalangan wilayah. Bandar-bandar pasarnya banyak menghubungkan bandar-bandar dengan desa. <> Apa wilayah yang dikenali secara tradisional? || Tanah Ikan dan Beras <> Apakah tanaman utama wilayah itu? || beras <> Apakah tanaman utama kedua wilayah itu? || gandum <> Apa bahagian Zhejiang adalah pusat akuakultur di China? || utara Zhejiang <> Apa perikanan terbesar di negara ini? || Zhoushan perikanan <> Apa wilayah yang tidak pernah dikenali? || <> Apa tanaman utama wilayah itu? || <> Apakah tanaman paling utama di provinsi ini? || <> Apa bahagian Zhejiang bukan pusat akuakultur di China? || <> Apa perikanan terkecil di negara ini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the province traditionally known as?", "id": "56f98b729b226e1400dd154a", "answers": [{"text": "Land of Fish and Rice", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the main crop of the province?", "id": "56f98b729b226e1400dd154b", "answers": [{"text": "rice", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the second main crop of the province?", "id": "56f98b729b226e1400dd154c", "answers": [{"text": "wheat", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of Zhejiang is a center of aquaculture in China?", "id": "56f98b729b226e1400dd154d", "answers": [{"text": "north Zhejiang", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the largest fishery in the country?", "id": "56f98b729b226e1400dd154e", "answers": [{"text": "Zhoushan fishery", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Land of Fish and Rice", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "What is the province never known as?", "id": "5acfc26277cf76001a685d3e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "rice", "answer_start": 86}], "question": "What isn't the main crop of the province?", "id": "5acfc26277cf76001a685d3f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "wheat", "answer_start": 121}], "question": " What is the least main crop of the province?", "id": "5acfc26277cf76001a685d40", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "north Zhejiang", "answer_start": 128}], "question": " What part of Zhejiang is not a center of aquaculture in China?", "id": "5acfc26277cf76001a685d41", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zhoushan fishery", "answer_start": 193}], "question": " What is the smallest fishery in the country?", "id": "5acfc26277cf76001a685d42", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The province is traditionally known as the \"Land of Fish and Rice\". True to its name, rice is the main crop, followed by wheat; north Zhejiang is also a center of aquaculture in China, and the Zhoushan fishery is the largest fishery in the country. The main cash crops include jute and cotton, and the province also leads the provinces of China in tea production. (The renowned Longjing tea is a product of Hangzhou.) Zhejiang's towns have been known for handicraft production of goods such as silk, for which it is ranked second among the provinces. Its many market towns connect the cities with the countryside."}], ["Politik Zhejiang berstruktur dalam sistem dua pihak kerajaan seperti semua institusi pemerintahan lain di Tanah Besar China. Gabenor Zhejiang adalah pegawai tertinggi di Kerajaan Rakyat Zhejiang. Walau bagaimanapun, dalam sistem pentadbiran dua parti pemerintah, Gabenor adalah bawahan kepada Setiausaha Jawatankuasa Parti Komunis China (CPC), yang secara kolektif disebut sebagai \"Ketua Parti CPC Partai Zhejiang\". <> Bagaimana politik tersusun di Zhejiang? || sistem dua parti kerajaan <> Siapa pegawai tertinggi di Kerajaan Rakyat Zhejiang? || Gabenor Zhejiang <> Siapa yang menjadi gabenor Gabenor? || Parti Komunis China Parti Komunis China (CPC) Sekretaris Jawatankuasa Provinsi <> Apakah Setiausaha Jawatankuasa Provinsi Partai Komunis China (CPC) Provinsi Zhejiang yang dikenal sebagai? || Ketua Parti CPC CPC <> Apa jenis sistem parti-pemerintah adalah semua institusi yang mentadbir di Tanah Besar China? || dual <> Bagaimana politik Zhejiang tidak berstruktur? || <> Siapa pegawai peringkat paling rendah di Kerajaan Rakyat Zhejiang? || <> Siapa gubernur tidak bawahan? || <> Apakah Setiausaha Jawatankuasa Provinsi Parti Komunis China (CPC) Setiausaha tidak dikenali sebagai? || <> Apa jenis sistem parti-kerajaan tidak pernah mengawal institusi di Tanah Besar China? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How are the politics of Zhejiang structured?", "id": "56f98a729b226e1400dd1540", "answers": [{"text": "a dual party-government system", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Zhejiang?", "id": "56f98a729b226e1400dd1541", "answers": [{"text": "The Governor of Zhejiang", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the Governor subordinate to?", "id": "56f98a729b226e1400dd1542", "answers": [{"text": "the Zhejiang Communist Party of China (CPC) Provincial Committee Secretary", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Zhejiang Communist Party of China (CPC) Provincial Committee Secretary provincially known as?", "id": "56f98a729b226e1400dd1543", "answers": [{"text": "Zhejiang CPC Party Chief", "answer_start": 426}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of party-government system are all governing institutions in Mainland China?", "id": "56f98a729b226e1400dd1544", "answers": [{"text": "dual", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dual party-government", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "How are the politics of Zhejiang not structured?", "id": "5acfc18077cf76001a685cfe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Governor of Zhejiang", "answer_start": 134}], "question": "Who is the lowest-ranking official in the People's Government of Zhejiang?", "id": "5acfc18077cf76001a685cff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zhejiang Communist Party of China", "answer_start": 329}], "question": " Who is the Governor not subordinate to?", "id": "5acfc18077cf76001a685d00", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zhejiang CPC Party Chief", "answer_start": 426}], "question": "What is the Zhejiang Communist Party of China (CPC) Provincial Committee Secretary not provincially known as?", "id": "5acfc18077cf76001a685d01", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dual", "answer_start": 44}], "question": "What type of party-government system are never governing institutions in Mainland China?", "id": "5acfc18077cf76001a685d02", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The politics of Zhejiang is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in Mainland China. The Governor of Zhejiang is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Zhejiang. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor is subordinate to the Zhejiang Communist Party of China (CPC) Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the \"Zhejiang CPC Party Chief\"."}], ["Sektor perkilangan utama Zhejiang adalah industri elektromekanik, tekstil, industri kimia, makanan, dan bahan binaan. Dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini, Zhejiang telah mengikuti model pembangunannya sendiri, yang digelar \"model Zhejiang\", yang berdasarkan keutamaan dan keusahawanan, penekanan kepada perniagaan kecil yang responsif terhadap keinginan pasaran, pelaburan awam yang besar ke dalam infrastruktur, dan pengeluaran barangan kos rendah secara pukal untuk penggunaan dan eksport domestik. Akibatnya, Zhejiang telah menjadikan dirinya salah satu daripada wilayah paling kaya, dan \"semangat Zhejiang\" telah menjadi legenda dalam China. Walau bagaimanapun, sesetengah ahli ekonomi kini bimbang bahawa model ini tidak mampan, kerana ia tidak cekap dan menuntut permintaan yang tidak munasabah terhadap bahan mentah dan utiliti awam, dan juga kebuntuan, kerana perniagaan kecil di Zhejiang menghasilkan barangan murah secara pukal tidak dapat untuk bergerak ke industri yang lebih canggih atau berteknologi lebih maju. Hati ekonomi Zhejiang bergerak dari Zhejiang Utara, berpusat di Hangzhou, tenggara ke rantau ini yang berpusat di Wenzhou dan Taizhou. Pendapatan disposable disposable per capita urbanites di Zhejiang mencapai 24,611 yuan (US $ 3,603) pada tahun 2009, pertumbuhan tahunan tahunan sebanyak 8.3%. Pendapatan murni per kapita penduduk luar bandar berjumlah 10,007 yuan (US $ 1,465), pertumbuhan sebenar sebanyak 8.1% tahun ke tahun. KDNK nominal Zhejiang untuk tahun 2011 ialah 3.20 trilion yuan (US $ 506 bilion) dengan KDNK per kapita sebanyak 44,335 yuan (US $ 6,490). Pada tahun 2009, industri utama, menengah dan tertua di Zhejiang bernilai 116.2 bilion yuan (US $ 17 bilion), 1.1843 trilion yuan (US $ 173.4 bilion) dan 982.7 bilion yuan (US $ 143.9 bilion) masing-masing. <> Apa model pembangunan Zhejiang sendiri yang digelar? || Model Zhejiang <> Apakah model Zhejiang berdasarkan keutamaan dan menggalakkan? || keusahawanan <> Apa arah adalah jantung ekonomi Zhejiang bergerak ke arah? || tenggara <> Apakah pertumbuhan sebenar penduduk urban di Zhejiang pada tahun 2009? || 8.3% <> Apa itu KDNK nominal Zhejiang dalam yuan untuk tahun 2011? || 3.20 trilion <> Apa model pembangunan sendiri Zhejiang tidak dipertimbangkan? || <> Apakah pemotongan berasaskan model Zhejiang? || <> Arah apakah keadaan jantung Zhejiang bergerak dari? || <> Apakah pertumbuhan sebenar penduduk urban di Zhejiang pada tahun 2008? || <> Apakah KDNK nominal Zhejiang dalam yuan untuk tahun 2001? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Zhejiang's own development model dubbed?", "id": "56f98cd19e9bad19000a0aa1", "answers": [{"text": "Zhejiang model", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Zhejiang model based on prioritizing and encouraging?", "id": "56f98cd19e9bad19000a0aa2", "answers": [{"text": "entrepreneurship", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What direction is the economic heart of Zhejiang moving toward?", "id": "56f98cd19e9bad19000a0aa3", "answers": [{"text": "southeast", "answer_start": 1078}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the annual real growth of urbanites in Zhejiang in 2009?", "id": "56f98cd19e9bad19000a0aa4", "answers": [{"text": "8.3%", "answer_start": 1262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Zhejiang's nominal GDP in yuan for 2011?", "id": "56f98cd19e9bad19000a0aa5", "answers": [{"text": "3.20 trillion", "answer_start": 1419}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zhejiang model", "answer_start": 214}], "question": "What is Zhejiang's own development model not considered?", "id": "5acfc32a77cf76001a685d7c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "entrepreneurship", "answer_start": 278}], "question": " What is the Zhejiang model based discouraging?", "id": "5acfc32a77cf76001a685d7d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "southeastward", "answer_start": 1078}], "question": " What direction is the economic heart of Zhejiang moving away from?", "id": "5acfc32a77cf76001a685d7e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "8.3%", "answer_start": 1262}], "question": "What was the annual real growth of urbanites in Zhejiang in 2008?", "id": "5acfc32a77cf76001a685d7f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "506 billion", "answer_start": 1442}], "question": " What was Zhejiang's nominal GDP in yuan for 2001?", "id": "5acfc32a77cf76001a685d80", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Zhejiang's main manufacturing sectors are electromechanical industries, textiles, chemical industries, food, and construction materials. In recent years Zhejiang has followed its own development model, dubbed the \"Zhejiang model\", which is based on prioritizing and encouraging entrepreneurship, an emphasis on small businesses responsive to the whims of the market, large public investments into infrastructure, and the production of low-cost goods in bulk for both domestic consumption and export. As a result, Zhejiang has made itself one of the richest provinces, and the \"Zhejiang spirit\" has become something of a legend within China. However, some economists now worry that this model is not sustainable, in that it is inefficient and places unreasonable demands on raw materials and public utilities, and also a dead end, in that the myriad small businesses in Zhejiang producing cheap goods in bulk are unable to move to more sophisticated or technologically more advanced industries. The economic heart of Zhejiang is moving from North Zhejiang, centered on Hangzhou, southeastward to the region centered on Wenzhou and Taizhou. The per capita disposable income of urbanites in Zhejiang reached 24,611 yuan (US$3,603) in 2009, an annual real growth of 8.3%. The per capita pure income of rural residents stood at 10,007 yuan (US$1,465), a real growth of 8.1% year-on-year. Zhejiang's nominal GDP for 2011 was 3.20 trillion yuan (US$506 billion) with a per capita GDP of 44,335 yuan (US$6,490). In 2009, Zhejiang's primary, secondary, and tertiary industries were worth 116.2 billion yuan (US$17 billion), 1.1843 trillion yuan (US$173.4 billion), and 982.7 billion yuan (US$143.9 billion) respectively."}], ["Islam tiba 1400 tahun lalu di Zhejiang. Hari ini Islam diamalkan oleh sebilangan kecil orang termasuk hampir semua orang Cina Hui yang tinggal di Zhejiang. Satu lagi agama yang hadir di wilayah ini ialah Dia shamanisme (diamalkan oleh dia etnik minoriti). <> Berapa lama Islam tiba di Zhejiang? || 1,400 tahun <> Agama apakah yang Hui Cina tinggal di amalan Zhejiang? || Islam <> Berapa banyak orang Cina Hui yang tinggal di Zhejiang mengamalkan Islam? || hampir semua <> Apa yang diamalkan oleh kaum minoriti etnik di Zhejiang? || Dia shamanisme <> Agama apa yang datang ke Zhejiang 1,400 tahun lalu? || Islam <> Berapa lama Islam meninggalkan Zhejiang? || <> Apakah agama Cina yang tinggal di Zhejiang tidak mengamalkan? || <> Berapa banyak orang Cina Hui yang tinggal di Zhejiang tidak mengamalkan Islam? || <> Apa yang tidak diamalkan oleh etnik minoriti di Zhejiang? || <> Agama apa yang meninggalkan Zhejiang 1,400 tahun yang lalu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How long ago did Islam arrive in Zhejiang?", "id": "56f990ce9e9bad19000a0add", "answers": [{"text": "1,400 years", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What religion do the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang practice?", "id": "56f990ce9e9bad19000a0ade", "answers": [{"text": "Islam", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang practice Islam?", "id": "56f990ce9e9bad19000a0adf", "answers": [{"text": "virtually all", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is practiced by the She ethnic minority in Zhejiang?", "id": "56f990ce9e9bad19000a0ae0", "answers": [{"text": "She shamanism", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What religion came to Zhejiang 1,400 years ago?", "id": "56f990ce9e9bad19000a0ae1", "answers": [{"text": "Islam", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1,400", "answer_start": 14}], "question": "How long ago did Islam leave Zhejiang?", "id": "5acfc52077cf76001a685e1a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Islam", "answer_start": 49}], "question": " What religion do the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang not practice?", "id": "5acfc52077cf76001a685e1b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "virtually all", "answer_start": 106}], "question": " How many of the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang do not practice Islam?", "id": "5acfc52077cf76001a685e1c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "She shamanism", "answer_start": 200}], "question": " What is not practiced by the She ethnic minority in Zhejiang?", "id": "5acfc52077cf76001a685e1d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Islam", "answer_start": 0}], "question": " What religion left Zhejiang 1,400 years ago?", "id": "5acfc52077cf76001a685e1e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Islam arrived 1,400 years ago in Zhejiang. Today Islam is practiced by a small number of people including virtually all the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang. Another religion present in the province is She shamanism (practiced by She ethnic minority)."}], ["Longjing teh (juga dipanggil teh baik naga), yang berasal dari Hangzhou, adalah salah satu yang paling berprestij, jika bukan teh Cina yang paling berprestij. Hangzhou juga terkenal dengan payung sutra dan peminat tangannya. Masakan Zhejiang (sendiri terbahagi kepada banyak tradisi, termasuk masakan Hangzhou) adalah salah satu daripada lapan tradisi masakan Cina. <> Apakah teh Longjing juga dipanggil? || naga teh baik <> Di manakah teh Longjing berasal? || Hangzhou <> Apa jenis payung Hangzhou dikenali? || sutera <> Jenis kipas apa Hangzhou terkenal? || tangan <> Masakan Zhejiang adalah salah satu daripada berapa banyak tradisi masakan Cina yang hebat? || lapan <> Apakah teh Shortjing juga dipanggil? || <> Di mana teh Longjing diharamkan? || <> Apa jenis baju Hangzhou dikenali? || <> Jenis sepatu apa yang dikenali Hangzhou? || <> Masakan Zhejiang adalah salah satu daripada berapa banyak tradisi masakan Japenese yang hebat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Longjing tea also called?", "id": "56f992a89b226e1400dd15c0", "answers": [{"text": "dragon well tea", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does Longjing tea originate from?", "id": "56f992a89b226e1400dd15c1", "answers": [{"text": "Hangzhou", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of umbrellas is Hangzhou known for?", "id": "56f992a89b226e1400dd15c2", "answers": [{"text": "silk", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of fans is Hangzhou known for?", "id": "56f992a89b226e1400dd15c3", "answers": [{"text": "hand", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Zhejiang cuisine is one of how many great traditions of Chinese cuisine?", "id": "56f992a89b226e1400dd15c4", "answers": [{"text": "eight", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dragon well tea", "answer_start": 26}], "question": " What is Shortjing tea also called?", "id": "5acfc64177cf76001a685e7e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hangzhou", "answer_start": 142}], "question": " Where is Longjing tea banned from?", "id": "5acfc64177cf76001a685e7f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "silk", "answer_start": 176}], "question": " What type of clothes is Hangzhou known for?", "id": "5acfc64177cf76001a685e80", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fans", "answer_start": 200}], "question": "What type of shoes is Hangzhou known for?", "id": "5acfc64177cf76001a685e81", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "eight", "answer_start": 306}], "question": "Zhejiang cuisine is one of how many great traditions of Japenese cuisine?", "id": "5acfc64177cf76001a685e82", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Longjing tea (also called dragon well tea), originating in Hangzhou, is one of the most prestigious, if not the most prestigious Chinese tea. Hangzhou is also renowned for its silk umbrellas and hand fans. Zhejiang cuisine (itself subdivided into many traditions, including Hangzhou cuisine) is one of the eight great traditions of Chinese cuisine."}], ["Zhejiang adalah rumah Yueju (\u8d8a\u5287), salah satu bentuk opera Cina yang paling menonjol. Yueju berasal dari Shengzhou dan secara tradisinya dilakukan oleh pelakon sahaja, dalam kedua-dua peranan lelaki dan perempuan. Tradisi opera yang lain termasuk Yongju (dari Ningbo), Shaoju (Shaoxing), Ouju (dari Wenzhou), Wuju (Jinhua), Taizhou Luantan (dari Taizhou) dan Zhuji Luantan (Zhuji). <> Apa salah satu bentuk opera Cina yang paling menonjol? || Yueju <> Di manakah Yueju berasal? || Shengzhou <> Siapa yang Yueju biasanya dilakukan? || pelakon sahaja <> Siapa yang memainkan peranan lelaki di Yueju? || pelakon <> Siapa yang memainkan peranan wanita di Yueju? || pelakon <> Apa salah satu bentuk opera Cina yang paling penting? || <> Di mana Yueju berakhir? || <> Siapa yang Yueju tidak pernah dilakukan oleh? || <> Siapa yang tidak memainkan peranan lelaki di Yueju? || <> Siapa yang tidak memainkan peranan wanita di Yueju? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is one of the most prominent forms of Chinese opera?", "id": "56f992449e9bad19000a0af1", "answers": [{"text": "Yueju", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Yueju originate?", "id": "56f992449e9bad19000a0af2", "answers": [{"text": "Shengzhou", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is Yueju traditionally performed by?", "id": "56f992449e9bad19000a0af3", "answers": [{"text": "actresses only", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who plays male roles in Yueju?", "id": "56f992449e9bad19000a0af4", "answers": [{"text": "actresses", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who plays female roles in Yueju?", "id": "56f992449e9bad19000a0af5", "answers": [{"text": "actresses", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Yueju", "answer_start": 24}], "question": " What is one of the least prominent forms of Chinese opera?", "id": "5acfc5fb77cf76001a685e64", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Shengzhou", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "Where did Yueju end?", "id": "5acfc5fb77cf76001a685e65", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "actresses", "answer_start": 150}], "question": " Who is Yueju never performed by?", "id": "5acfc5fb77cf76001a685e66", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "actresses", "answer_start": 150}], "question": " Who doesn't play male roles in Yueju?", "id": "5acfc5fb77cf76001a685e67", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "actresses", "answer_start": 150}], "question": "Who doesn't play female roles in Yueju?", "id": "5acfc5fb77cf76001a685e68", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Zhejiang is the home of Yueju (\u8d8a\u5287), one of the most prominent forms of Chinese opera. Yueju originated in Shengzhou and is traditionally performed by actresses only, in both male and female roles. Other important opera traditions include Yongju (of Ningbo), Shaoju (of Shaoxing), Ouju (of Wenzhou), Wuju (of Jinhua), Taizhou Luantan (of Taizhou) and Zhuji Luantan (of Zhuji)."}], ["Katolik telah tiba 400 tahun lalu di wilayah itu dan Protestan 150 tahun lalu. Zhejiang adalah salah satu wilayah di China dengan kepekatan terbesar Protestan, terutamanya ketara di bandar Wenzhou. Pada tahun 1999 penduduk Protestan Zhejiang merangkumi 2.8% penduduk provinsi, peratusan kecil tetapi lebih tinggi daripada purata negara. <> Berapa tahun lalu agama Katolik tiba di wilayah itu? || 400 <> Berapa tahun yang lalu Protestantisme tiba di wilayah itu? || 150 <> Di manakah Protestan terutamanya terkenal di Zhejiang? || Wenzhou <> Sebanyak peratus daripada Zhejiang adalah Protestan pada tahun 1999? || 2.8% <> Agama mana yang datang ke Zhejiang 400 tahun yang lalu? || Katolikisme <> Berapa tahun lalu agama Katolik meninggalkan wilayah itu? || <> Berapa tahun yang lalu Protestantisme meninggalkan wilayah itu? || <> Di manakah Protestan tidak terkenal di Zhejiang? || <> Sebanyak peratus daripada Zhejiang adalah Protestan pada tahun 1998? || <> Agama mana yang datang ke Zhejiang 500 tahun lalu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many years ago did Catholicism arrive in the province?", "id": "56f98f939b226e1400dd1578", "answers": [{"text": "400", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many years ago did Protestantism arrive in the province?", "id": "56f98f939b226e1400dd1579", "answers": [{"text": "150", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are Protestants especially notable in Zhejiang?", "id": "56f98f939b226e1400dd157a", "answers": [{"text": "Wenzhou", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percent of Zhejiang was Protestant in 1999?", "id": "56f98f939b226e1400dd157b", "answers": [{"text": "2.8%", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which religion came to Zhejiang 400 years ago?", "id": "56f98f939b226e1400dd157c", "answers": [{"text": "Catholicism", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "400", "answer_start": 20}], "question": " How many years ago did Catholicism leave the province?", "id": "5acfc4a677cf76001a685df0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "150", "answer_start": 68}], "question": " How many years ago did Protestantism leave in the province?", "id": "5acfc4a677cf76001a685df1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wenzhou", "answer_start": 207}], "question": " Where are Protestants not notable in Zhejiang?", "id": "5acfc4a677cf76001a685df2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2.8%", "answer_start": 267}], "question": " What percent of Zhejiang was Protestant in 1998?", "id": "5acfc4a677cf76001a685df3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Catholicism", "answer_start": 0}], "question": " Which religion came to Zhejiang 500 years ago?", "id": "5acfc4a677cf76001a685df4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Catholicism arrived 400 years ago in the province and Protestantism 150 years ago. Zhejiang is one of the provinces of China with the largest concentrations of Protestants, especially notable in the city of Wenzhou. In 1999 Zhejiang's Protestant population comprised 2.8% of the provincial population, a small percentage but higher than the national average."}], ["Sejak zaman purba, Zhejiang utara dan jiran selatan Jiangsu telah terkenal kerana kemakmuran dan kemewahan mereka, dan hanya memasukkan nama-nama utara Zhejiang (Hangzhou, Jiaxing, dan lain-lain) ke dalam puisi memberi kesan mimpi buruk, amalan diikuti oleh ramai penyair terkenal. Secara khusus, kemasyhuran Hangzhou (serta Suzhou di wilayah jiran Jiangsu) telah membawa kepada pepatah popular: \"Di atas terdapat syurga, di bawah terdapat Suzhou dan Hangzhou\", kata pepatah yang terus menjadi sumber kebanggaan bagi rakyat kedua kota yang masih makmur ini. <> Apa jiran utara Zhejiang ke selatan? || Jiangsu <> Apa jiran selatan Jiangsu ke utara? || Zhejiang <> Zhejiang Utara dan selatan Jiangsu terkenal dengan kemewahan mereka dan apa lagi? || kemakmuran <> Memasukkan nama Zhejiang utara ke puisi memberi kesan apa? || dreaminess <> Ketenaran di mana membawa kepada kata-kata yang popular? || Hangzhou <> Apa jiran utara Zhejiang ke timur? || <> Apa jiran selatan Jiangsu ke barat? || <> Zhejiang Selatan dan Jiangsu Utara terkenal dengan kemewahan mereka dan apa lagi? || <> Memasukkan nama selatan Zhejiang ke dalam puisi memberikan kesan apa? || <> Apa kata \"Di bawah terdapat syurga\" ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What neighbours north Zhejiang to the south?", "id": "56f993459e9bad19000a0afb", "answers": [{"text": "Jiangsu", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What neighbours south Jiangsu to the north?", "id": "56f993459e9bad19000a0afc", "answers": [{"text": "Zhejiang", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "North Zhejiang and south Jiangsu are famed for their opulence and what else?", "id": "56f993459e9bad19000a0afd", "answers": [{"text": "prosperity", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Inserting north Zhejiang names into poetry gave an effect of what?", "id": "56f993459e9bad19000a0afe", "answers": [{"text": "dreaminess", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The fame of where led to a popular saying?", "id": "56f993459e9bad19000a0aff", "answers": [{"text": "Hangzhou", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Jiangsu", "answer_start": 59}], "question": " What neighbours north Zhejiang to the east?", "id": "5acfc68477cf76001a685ea0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Zhejiang", "answer_start": 162}], "question": " What neighbours south Jiangsu to the west?", "id": "5acfc68477cf76001a685ea1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prosperity", "answer_start": 93}], "question": "South Zhejiang and North Jiangsu are famed for their opulence and what else?", "id": "5acfc68477cf76001a685ea2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "dreaminess", "answer_start": 239}], "question": " Inserting south Zhejiang names into poetry gave an effect of what?", "id": "5acfc68477cf76001a685ea3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "popular saying", "answer_start": 396}], "question": "What said \"Below there is heaven\"", "id": "5acfc68477cf76001a685ea4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Since ancient times, north Zhejiang and neighbouring south Jiangsu have been famed for their prosperity and opulence[citation needed], and simply inserting north Zhejiang place names (Hangzhou, Jiaxing, etc.) into poetry gave an effect of dreaminess, a practice followed by many noted poets. In particular, the fame of Hangzhou (as well as Suzhou in neighbouring Jiangsu province) has led to the popular saying: \"Above there is heaven; below there is Suzhou and Hangzhou\" (\u4e0a\u6709\u5929\u5802\uff0c\u4e0b\u6709\u82cf\u676d), a saying that continues to be a source of pride for the people of these two still prosperous cities."}], ["Zhejiang adalah pegunungan dan oleh itu telah memupuk perkembangan banyak budaya tempatan yang berbeza. Secara linguistik, Zhejiang sangat pelbagai. Kebanyakan penduduk Zhejiang bercakap Wu, tetapi dialek Wu sangat pelbagai, terutamanya di selatan, di mana satu lembah boleh bercakap dialek sepenuhnya tidak dapat difahami ke lembah seterusnya beberapa kilometer jauhnya. Pelbagai kaum Cina juga dituturkan, kebanyakannya di sepanjang sempadan; Dialek Mandarin dan Huizhou dituturkan di sempadan dengan Anhui, manakala dialek Min dituturkan di sempadan dengan Fujian. (Lihat dialek Hangzhou, dialek Shaoxing, dialek Ningbo, dialek Wenzhou, dialek Taizhou, dialek Jinhua dan dialek Quzhou untuk maklumat lanjut). <> Bagaimana pelbagai adalah Zhejiang, bahasa linguistik? || sangat <> Apa yang dikatakan kebanyakan penduduk Zhejiang? || Wu <> Mandarin dan dialek Huizhou dituturkan di sempadan di mana? || dengan Anhui <> Min dialek bercakap di sempadan di mana? || dengan Fujian <> Jenis geografi apa Zhejiang? || gunung berapi <> Bagaimana yang serupa adalah Zhejiang, bahasa linguistik? || <> Apa yang tidak ada penduduk Zhejiang bercakap? || <> Mandarin dan dialek Huizhou dituturkan di dalam apa? || <> Min dialek tidak dituturkan di sempadan di mana? || <> Jenis geografi apa Zhejiang tidak pernah dipertimbangkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How diverse is Zhejiang, linguistically speaking?", "id": "56f9914a9b226e1400dd15ac", "answers": [{"text": "extremely", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do most inhabitants of Zhejiang speak?", "id": "56f9914a9b226e1400dd15ad", "answers": [{"text": "Wu", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Mandarin and Huizhou dialects are spoken on the border where?", "id": "56f9914a9b226e1400dd15ae", "answers": [{"text": "with Anhui", "answer_start": 491}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Min dialects are spoken on the border where?", "id": "56f9914a9b226e1400dd15af", "answers": [{"text": "with Fujian", "answer_start": 547}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of geography is Zhejiang?", "id": "56f9914a9b226e1400dd15b0", "answers": [{"text": "mountainous", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "extremely", "answer_start": 137}], "question": " How similar is Zhejiang, linguistically speaking?", "id": "5acfc57177cf76001a685e24", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wu", "answer_start": 191}], "question": "What do no inhabitants of Zhejiang speak?", "id": "5acfc57177cf76001a685e25", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the border with Anhui", "answer_start": 480}], "question": " Mandarin and Huizhou dialects are spoken inside of what?", "id": "5acfc57177cf76001a685e26", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Fujian", "answer_start": 552}], "question": " Min dialects are not spoken on the border where?", "id": "5acfc57177cf76001a685e27", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mountainous", "answer_start": 12}], "question": " What type of geography is Zhejiang never considered?", "id": "5acfc57177cf76001a685e28", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Zhejiang is mountainous and has therefore fostered the development of many distinct local cultures. Linguistically speaking, Zhejiang is extremely diverse. Most inhabitants of Zhejiang speak Wu, but the Wu dialects are very diverse, especially in the south, where one valley may speak a dialect completely unintelligible to the next valley a few kilometers away. Other varieties of Chinese are spoken as well, mostly along the borders; Mandarin and Huizhou dialects are spoken on the border with Anhui, while Min dialects are spoken on the border with Fujian. (See Hangzhou dialect, Shaoxing dialect, Ningbo dialect, Wenzhou dialect, Taizhou dialect, Jinhua dialect, and Quzhou dialect for more information)."}], ["Pembangunan pesat agama di Zhejiang telah mendorong jawatankuasa tempatan etnik dan agama untuk membuat langkah-langkah untuk merasionalisasikannya pada tahun 2014, yang dinamakan \"Tiga Rectifikasi dan Satu Perobohan\" operasi atau \"Rawatan Khas Kerja Tapak Terbina Secara Ilegal Agama dan Agama Rakyat Aktiviti \"mengikut kawasan. Peraturan-peraturan ini telah membawa kepada kes-kes perobohan gereja-gereja dan kuil-kuil agama rakyat, atau penyingkiran salib dari bumbung dan menara gereja. Satu kes teladan ialah Gereja Sanjiang. <> Bilakah perkembangan pesat agama di Zhejiang mendorong jawatankuasa tempatan etnik dan agama untuk membuat langkah-langkah untuk merasionalisasi mereka? || 2014 <> Menurut kawasan, sebagai tambahan kepada \"Tiga Rectifikasi dan Satu Perobohan\", apakah nama lain untuk langkah-langkah ini? || Kerja Rawatan Khas Mengenai Tapak Yang Dibina Secara Ilegal Agama dan Agama Agama Aktiviti <> Peraturan-peraturan ini telah membawa kepada perobohan gereja-gereja dan apa lagi? || kuil-kuil agama rakyat <> Apakah peraturan-peraturan ini menyebabkan penghapusan dari gereja-gereja? || melintasi <> apa kes teladan semua ini? || Gereja Sanjiang <> Bilakah perkembangan lambat agama di Zhejiang mendorong jawatankuasa tempatan etnik dan agama untuk membuat langkah-langkah untuk merasionalisasi mereka? || <> Mengikut lokasi, sebagai tambahan kepada \"Lima Rectifikasi dan Dua Perobohan\", apakah nama lain untuk langkah-langkah ini? || <> Peraturan-peraturan ini tidak membawa kepada perobohan gereja-gereja dan apa lagi? || <> Apakah peraturan-peraturan ini menyebabkan penambahan di dalam gereja? || <> Apa yang tidak menjadi contoh yang teladan ini? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the rapid development of religions in Zhejiang drive the local committee of ethnic and religious affairs to enact measures to rationalise them?", "id": "56f9906d9e9bad19000a0ad3", "answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to the locality, in addition to \"Three Rectifications and One Demolition\", what was another name for these measures?", "id": "56f9906d9e9bad19000a0ad4", "answers": [{"text": "Special Treatment Work on Illegally Constructed Sites of Religious and Folk Religion Activities", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "These regulations have led to the demolition of churches and what else?", "id": "56f9906d9e9bad19000a0ad5", "answers": [{"text": "folk religion temples", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What have these regulations led to the removal of from churches?", "id": "56f9906d9e9bad19000a0ad6", "answers": [{"text": "crosses", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was an exemplary case of all this?", "id": "56f9906d9e9bad19000a0ad7", "answers": [{"text": "Sanjiang Church", "answer_start": 536}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 151}], "question": "When did the slow development of religions in Zhejiang drive the local committee of ethnic and religious affairs to enact measures to rationalise them?", "id": "5acfc4ee77cf76001a685e08", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Special Treatment Work on Illegally Constructed Sites of Religious and Folk Religion Activities", "answer_start": 230}], "question": "According to the locality, in addition to \"Five Rectifications and Two Demolition\", what was another name for these measures?", "id": "5acfc4ee77cf76001a685e09", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Folk Religion Activities", "answer_start": 301}], "question": "These regulations have not led to the demolition of churches and what else?", "id": "5acfc4ee77cf76001a685e0a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "crosses", "answer_start": 461}], "question": " What have these regulations led to the addition to in churches?", "id": "5acfc4ee77cf76001a685e0b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sanjiang Church", "answer_start": 536}], "question": " What was not an exemplary case of all this?", "id": "5acfc4ee77cf76001a685e0c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The rapid development of religions in Zhejiang has driven the local committee of ethnic and religious affairs to enact measures to rationalise them in 2014, variously named \"Three Rectifications and One Demolition\" operations or \"Special Treatment Work on Illegally Constructed Sites of Religious and Folk Religion Activities\" according to the locality. These regulations have led to cases of demolition of churches and folk religion temples, or the removal of crosses from churches' roofs and spires. An exemplary case was that of the Sanjiang Church."}], ["Sepanjang sejarah terdapat siri lingua francas di kawasan itu untuk membolehkan komunikasi yang lebih baik. Dialek-dialek yang digunakan di Hangzhou, Shaoxing, dan Ningbo telah mengambil peranan ini secara bersejarah. Sejak penubuhan Republik Rakyat China pada tahun 1949, bahasa Mandarin, yang tidak dipahami oleh dialek tempatan, telah dipromosikan sebagai bahasa komunikasi standard di seluruh China. Akibatnya, kebanyakan penduduk kini boleh, untuk beberapa darjah, bercakap dan memahami Mandarin dan boleh menukar kod apabila perlu. Majoriti penduduk yang berpendidikan sejak tahun 1978 boleh berbahasa Mandarin. Penduduk bandar cenderung lebih fasih berbahasa Mandarin daripada penduduk luar bandar. Walau bagaimanapun, aksen Zhejiang dapat dikesan dalam hampir semua orang dari kawasan yang berkomunikasi dalam bahasa Mandarin, dan dialek rumah kekal sebagai bahagian penting dalam kehidupan seharian dan identiti kebudayaan kebanyakan penduduk Zhejiang. <> Bilakah diasaskan oleh Republik Rakyat China? || 1949 <> Apa yang telah dipromosikan sebagai bahasa komunikasi standard di seluruh China sejak tahun 1949? || Mandarin <> Sebilangan besar penduduknya berpendidikan sejak tahun apa yang boleh berbahasa Mandarin? || 1978 <> Apa jenis penduduk cenderung lebih fasih berbahasa Mandarin daripada orang luar? || Urban <> Sepanjang sejarah terdapat siri apa yang di dalam kawasan untuk membolehkan komunikasi yang lebih baik? || lingua francas <> Bilakah Republik Rakyat China tidak berfungsi? || <> Apa yang tidak dipromosikan sebagai bahasa komunikasi standard di seluruh China sejak tahun 1949? || <> Minit penduduk berpendidikan sejak tahun apa yang boleh berbahasa Mandarin? || <> Apa jenis penduduk yang cenderung kurang fasih berbahasa Mandarin daripada orang luar? || <> Sepanjang sejarah terdapat siri apa yang di dalam kawasan itu membenarkan komunikasi lebih buruk? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the People's Republic of China founded?", "id": "56f991dc9e9bad19000a0ae7", "answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has been promoted as the standard language of communication throughout China since 1949?", "id": "56f991dc9e9bad19000a0ae8", "answers": [{"text": "Mandarin", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A majority of the population educated since what year can speak Mandarin?", "id": "56f991dc9e9bad19000a0ae9", "answers": [{"text": "1978", "answer_start": 589}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of residents tend to be more fluent in Mandarin than rural ones?", "id": "56f991dc9e9bad19000a0aea", "answers": [{"text": "Urban", "answer_start": 614}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Throughout history there have been a series of what in the area to allow for better communication?", "id": "56f991dc9e9bad19000a0aeb", "answers": [{"text": "lingua francas", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 257}], "question": " When was the People's Republic of China defunct?", "id": "5acfc5ba77cf76001a685e50", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mandarin", "answer_start": 263}], "question": "What has been not promoted as the standard language of communication throughout China since 1949?", "id": "5acfc5ba77cf76001a685e51", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1978", "answer_start": 589}], "question": "A minority of the population educated since what year can speak Mandarin?", "id": "5acfc5ba77cf76001a685e52", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Urban", "answer_start": 614}], "question": "What type of residents tend to be less fluent in Mandarin than rural ones?", "id": "5acfc5ba77cf76001a685e53", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "lingua francas", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "Throughout history there have been a series of what in the area to allow for worse communication?", "id": "5acfc5ba77cf76001a685e54", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Throughout history there have been a series of lingua francas in the area to allow for better communication. The dialects spoken in Hangzhou, Shaoxing, and Ningbo have taken on this role historically. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Mandarin, which is not mutually intelligible with any of the local dialects, has been promoted as the standard language of communication throughout China. As a result, most of the population now can, to some degree, speak and comprehend Mandarin and can code-switch when necessary. A majority of the population educated since 1978 can speak Mandarin. Urban residents tend to be more fluent in Mandarin than rural people. Nevertheless, a Zhejiang accent is detectable in almost everyone from the area communicating in Mandarin, and the home dialect remains an important part of the everyday lives and cultural identities of most Zhejiang residents."}]], [["Tinjauan Strategik Pertahanan 1998 dan Penyerahan Keselamatan 2003 dalam Kertas Putih Mengubah Dunia menggariskan postur berikut untuk Angkatan Bersenjata Inggris: <> Pada tahun apakah ada Kajian Pertahanan Strategik? || 1998 <> Kertas apa yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2003? || Menyampaikan Keselamatan di Dunia Berpindah Kertas Putih <> Yang mana bahagian kerajaan Britsh adalah dua penerbitan yang disenaraikan? || Angkatan Bersenjata British <> Pada tahun apakah Angkatan Bersenjata British dibuat? || <> Apa yang ditulis oleh Angkatan Bersenjata Inggeris pada tahun 1998? || <> Apa yang ditulis oleh Angkatan Bersenjata British pada tahun 2003? || <> Apa yang digariskan oleh Angkatan Tentera British dalam dua penerbitan? || <> Apakah topik yang ditulis oleh Angkatan Tentera British pada tahun 2003? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was there a Strategic Defence Review?", "id": "56f977b19e9bad19000a097b", "answers": [{"text": "1998", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What paper was published in 2003?", "id": "56f977b19e9bad19000a097c", "answers": [{"text": "Delivering Security in a Changing World White Paper", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which part of the Britsh government were the two publications listed concerning?", "id": "56f977b19e9bad19000a097d", "answers": [{"text": "British Armed Forces", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1998", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "In what year was the British Armed Forces created?", "id": "5a56c8e56349e2001acdcf34", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Strategic Defence Review", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "What did the British Armed Forces write in 1998?", "id": "5a56c8e56349e2001acdcf35", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Delivering Security in a Changing World White Paper", "answer_start": 47}], "question": "What was written by the British Armed Forces in 2003?", "id": "5a56c8e56349e2001acdcf36", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the following posture", "answer_start": 108}], "question": "What was outlined by the British Armed Forces in the two publications?", "id": "5a56c8e56349e2001acdcf37", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Security", "answer_start": 58}], "question": "What was the topic of the paper written by the British Armed Forces in 2003?", "id": "5a56c8e56349e2001acdcf38", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The 1998 Strategic Defence Review and the 2003 Delivering Security in a Changing World White Paper outlined the following posture for the British Armed Forces:"}], ["Kepala Staf Pertahanan saat ini, ketua profesional Angkatan Bersenjata Inggris, adalah Jenderal Sir Nicholas Houghton, akhir Green Howards. Beliau disokong oleh Naib Ketua Staf Pertahanan, oleh ketua-ketua profesional dari tiga perkhidmatan Angkatan Bersenjata HM dan oleh Panglima Komando Angkatan Bersama. <> Apakah nama orang yang menjadi Ketua Staf Pertahanan semasa? || Ketua Sir Nicholas Houghton <> Siapa ketua profesional Angkatan Bersenjata Inggris? || Ketua Staf Pertahanan <> Kepala profesional dari apa tiga layanan yang mendukung Kepala Staf Pertahanan? || HM Angkatan Bersenjata <> Mana orang di Komando Angkatan Bersama menyokong Ketua Staf Pertahanan? || Panglima <> Siapa Panglima Komando Pasukan Bersama? || <> Apakah tajuk ketua Angkatan Bersenjata HM? || <> Ketua-ketua dari apa tiga perkhidmatan yang menyokong Komander Pasukan Bersama Komando? || <> Apakah nama orang yang dulu menjadi Panglima Komando Angkatan Bersama? || <> Siapa ketua profesional Kakitangan Pertahanan British? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the person who is the current Chief of the Defence Staff?", "id": "56f96f969e9bad19000a0907", "answers": [{"text": "General Sir Nicholas Houghton", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the professional head of the British Armed Forces?", "id": "56f96f969e9bad19000a0908", "answers": [{"text": "Chief of the Defence Staff", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The professional heads of what three services support the Chief of the Defence Staff?", "id": "56f96f969e9bad19000a0909", "answers": [{"text": "HM Armed Forces", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which person in the Joint Forces Command supports the Chief of the Defence Staff?", "id": "56f96f969e9bad19000a090a", "answers": [{"text": "the Commander", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "General Sir Nicholas Houghton", "answer_start": 94}], "question": "Who is the current Commander of Joint Forces Command?", "id": "5a56c41a6349e2001acdcf16", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Chief of the Defence Staff", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "What is the title of the head of the HM Armed Forces?", "id": "5a56c41a6349e2001acdcf17", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "HM Armed Forces", "answer_start": 252}], "question": "The heads of what three services support the Commander of Joint Forces Command?", "id": "5a56c41a6349e2001acdcf18", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Green Howards", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "What is the name of the person who used to be the Commander of Joint Forces Command?", "id": "5a56c41a6349e2001acdcf19", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Chief of the Defence Staff", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "Who is the professional head of the British Defense Staff?", "id": "5a56c41a6349e2001acdcf1a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The current Chief of the Defence Staff, the professional head of the British Armed Forces, is General Sir Nicholas Houghton, late Green Howards. He is supported by the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, by the professional heads of the three services of HM Armed Forces and by the Commander of Joint Forces Command."}], ["Dari 1946 hingga 1964 lima Jabatan Negara melakukan kerja Kementerian Pertahanan moden: Admiralty, Pejabat Perang, Kementerian Udara, Kementerian Penerbangan, dan bentuk Kementerian Pertahanan yang lebih awal. Jabatan ini bergabung pada tahun 1964; fungsi pertahanan Kementerian Penerbangan Penerbangan bergabung ke Kementerian Pertahanan pada tahun 1971. <Selama bertahun-tahun apakah lima Jabatan Negara melakukan kerja-kerja Kementerian Pertahanan modern? || 1946 hingga 1964 <> Apakah lima Jabatan Negeri yang melakukan kerja-kerja Kementerian Pertahanan moden? || Admiralty, Pejabat Perang, Kementerian Udara, Kementerian Penerbangan, dan bentuk Kementerian Pertahanan terdahulu <> Bilakah fungsi pertahanan Kementerian Penerbangan digabungkan ke Kementerian Pertahanan? || 1971 <> Semua bekas Jabatan Negara (kecuali Kementerian Penerbangan Penerbangan) telah bergabung dalam tahun berapa? || 1964 <> Apa kerja telah dilakukan oleh Pejabat Perang pada tahun 1971? || <> Apakah lima fungsi pertahanan bergabung bersama pada tahun 1971? || <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh Kementerian Penerbangan Penerbangan dari 1946 hingga 1964? || <> Apakah fungsi pertahanan Kementerian Penerbangan digabungkan pada tahun 1964? || <> Apa yang berlaku kepada Pejabat Perang pada tahun 1971? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "During what years did the five Departments of State do the work of the modern Ministry of Defence?", "id": "56f95c639e9bad19000a0883", "answers": [{"text": "1946 to 1964", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the five Departments of State that did the work of the modern Ministry of Defence?", "id": "56f95c639e9bad19000a0884", "answers": [{"text": "the Admiralty, the War Office, the Air Ministry, the Ministry of Aviation, and an earlier form of the Ministry of Defence", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the defence functions of the Ministry of Aviation Supply merge into the Ministry of Defence?", "id": "56f95c639e9bad19000a0885", "answers": [{"text": "1971", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "All former Departments of State (except the Ministry of Aviation Supply) merged in what year?", "id": "56f95c639e9bad19000a0886", "answers": [{"text": "1964", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "of the modern Ministry of Defence", "answer_start": 57}], "question": "What work was done by the War Office in 1971?", "id": "5a56b6d26349e2001acdcf02", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Admiralty, the War Office, the Air Ministry, the Ministry of Aviation, and an earlier form of the Ministry of Defence", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "What five defence functions merged together in 1971?", "id": "5a56b6d26349e2001acdcf03", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the work of the modern Ministry of Defence", "answer_start": 48}], "question": "What did the Ministry of Aviation Supply do from 1946 to 1964?", "id": "5a56b6d26349e2001acdcf04", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Ministry of Defence", "answer_start": 318}], "question": "What did the defence functions of the Ministry of Aviation Supply merge into in 1964?", "id": "5a56b6d26349e2001acdcf05", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "merged", "answer_start": 233}], "question": "What happened to the War Office in 1971?", "id": "5a56b6d26349e2001acdcf06", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "From 1946 to 1964 five Departments of State did the work of the modern Ministry of Defence: the Admiralty, the War Office, the Air Ministry, the Ministry of Aviation, and an earlier form of the Ministry of Defence. These departments merged in 1964; the defence functions of the Ministry of Aviation Supply merged into the Ministry of Defence in 1971."}], ["Kementerian Pertahanan (MoD) adalah jabatan kerajaan British yang bertanggungjawab untuk melaksanakan dasar pertahanan yang ditetapkan oleh Kerajaan Yang Mulia, dan merupakan markas Angkatan Bersenjata Inggris. <> Kementerian Pertahanan mana yang disebutkan di sini? || British <> Apa yang berlaku untuk MoD? || Kementerian Pertahanan <> Siapa yang menetapkan dasar pertahanan di Great Britain? || Kerajaan Yang Mulia <> Untuk bahagian mana kerajaan adalah MoD markas? || Angkatan Bersenjata British <> Apakah nama lain untuk Kerajaan Yang Mulia? || <> Apakah ibu pejabat Kerajaan Yang Mulia? || <> Siapa yang melaksanakan lokasi Kerajaan Yang Mulia? || <> Di manakah ibu pejabat Kerajaan Yang Mulia? || <> Apa yang dilaksanakan oleh Angkatan Bersenjata British? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which government's Ministry of Defence is mentioned here?", "id": "56f955c99e9bad19000a0837", "answers": [{"text": "British", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does MoD stand for?", "id": "56f955c99e9bad19000a0838", "answers": [{"text": "Ministry of Defence", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who sets the defence policy in Great Britain?", "id": "56f955c99e9bad19000a0839", "answers": [{"text": "Her Majesty's Government", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For which part of the government is the MoD the headquarters?", "id": "56f955c99e9bad19000a083a", "answers": [{"text": "British Armed Forces", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "(MoD)", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "What is another name for Her Majesty's Government?", "id": "5a56892f6349e2001acdce10", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Ministry of Defence", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is the headquarters of Her Majesty's Government?", "id": "5a56892f6349e2001acdce11", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Ministry of Defence", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who implements the location of Her Majesty's Government?", "id": "5a56892f6349e2001acdce12", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Ministry of Defence", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Where is the headquarters of Her Majesty's Government?", "id": "5a56892f6349e2001acdce13", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the defence policy", "answer_start": 96}], "question": "What does the British Armed Forces implement?", "id": "5a56892f6349e2001acdce14", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Ministry of Defence (MoD) is the British government department responsible for implementing the defence policy set by Her Majesty's Government, and is the headquarters of the British Armed Forces."}], ["Terdapat juga tiga Timbalan Ketua Staf Pertahanan dengan remit tertentu, Timbalan Ketua Staf Pertahanan (Kemampuan), Timbalan CDS (Personel dan Latihan) dan Timbalan CDS (Operasi). The Surgeon General, mewakili Perkhidmatan Perubatan Pertahanan pada Kakitangan Pertahanan, dan merupakan ketua klinikal perkhidmatan itu. <> Berapa banyak Timbalan Ketua Staf Pertahanan ada di sana? || tiga <> Apakah tiga Timbalan Ketua Staf Pertahanan? || Timbalan Ketua Staf Pertahanan (Kemampuan), Timbalan CDS (Personel dan Latihan) dan Timbalan CDS (Operasi) <> Siapa yang mewakili Perkhidmatan Perubatan Pertahanan pada Staf Pertahanan? || The Surgeon General <> Who leads the Medical Services Defense? || The Surgeon General <> Berapa banyak Perkhidmatan Perubatan Pertahanan ada di sana? || <> Apa tiga kumpulan adalah sebahagian daripada Perkhidmatan Perubatan Pertahanan? || <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab terhadap Timbalan Ketua Staf Pertahanan? || <> Siapa pemimpin CDS Timbalan? || <> Di manakah Timbalan CDS yang diwakili oleh Pakar Bedah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many Deputy Chiefs of the Defence Staff are there?", "id": "56f970f49e9bad19000a0923", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the three Deputy Chiefs of the Defence Staff?", "id": "56f970f49e9bad19000a0924", "answers": [{"text": "Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Capability), Deputy CDS (Personnel and Training) and Deputy CDS (Operations)", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who represents the Defence Medical Services on the Defence Staff?", "id": "56f970f49e9bad19000a0925", "answers": [{"text": "The Surgeon General", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who leads the Defence Medical Services?", "id": "56f970f49e9bad19000a0926", "answers": [{"text": "The Surgeon General", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 15}], "question": "How many Defence Medical Services are there?", "id": "5a56c5956349e2001acdcf20", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Capability), Deputy CDS (Personnel and Training) and Deputy CDS (Operations)", "answer_start": 80}], "question": "What three groups are part of the Defence Medical Services?", "id": "5a56c5956349e2001acdcf21", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Surgeon General", "answer_start": 193}], "question": "Who is in charge of the Deputy Chief of the Defense Staff?", "id": "5a56c5956349e2001acdcf22", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Surgeon General", "answer_start": 193}], "question": "Who is the leader of the Deputy CDS?", "id": "5a56c5956349e2001acdcf23", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "on the Defence Staff", "answer_start": 254}], "question": "Where is the Deputy CDS that the Surgeon General represents?", "id": "5a56c5956349e2001acdcf24", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There are also three Deputy Chiefs of the Defence Staff with particular remits, Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Capability), Deputy CDS (Personnel and Training) and Deputy CDS (Operations). The Surgeon General, represents the Defence Medical Services on the Defence Staff, and is the clinical head of that service."}], ["Di samping itu, terdapat beberapa Penolong Ketua Pegawai Pertahanan, termasuk Penolong Ketua Staf Pertahanan (Rizab dan Kadet) dan Setiausaha Perkhidmatan Pertahanan di Rumah Keluarga Diraja Kerajaan Britania, yang juga Penolong Ketua Kakitangan Pertahanan (Personel). <> Salah seorang Penolong Ketua Staf Pertahanan adalah untuk Rizab dan apa? || Kadet <> Ketua Personel juga dikenali sebagai apa? || Setiausaha Perkhidmatan Pertahanan di Rumah Keluarga Diraja Kerajaan Britania <> Ada Setiausaha Perkhidmatan Pertahanan di Rumah Tangga Diraja daripada apa? || Sovereign <> Siapa dua Penolong Ketua Staf Pertahanan? || Penolong Ketua Staf Pertahanan (Rizab dan Kadet) dan Setiausaha Perkhidmatan Pertahanan di Rumah Keluarga Diraja Kerajaan Britania <> Apa Penolong Ketua Staf Pertahanan untuk Rizab dan Kadet yang juga dikenali sebagai? || <> Apa dua kumpulan adalah Setiausaha Perkhidmatan Pertahanan yang bertanggungjawab? || <> Dalam rumah apakah Penolong Ketua Staf Pertahanan untuk Rizab dan Kadet? || <> Berapa banyak Setiausaha Perkhidmatan Pertahanan di sana? || <> Apa pembantu dalam rumah diraja juga bertanggungjawab untuk Rizab dan Kadet? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "One of the Assistant Chiefs of the Defence Staff is for Reserves and what?", "id": "56f977009b226e1400dd1478", "answers": [{"text": "Cadets", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Personnel Chief is also known as what?", "id": "56f977009b226e1400dd1479", "answers": [{"text": "the Defence Services Secretary in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "There is a Defence Services Secretary in the Royal Household of the what?", "id": "56f977009b226e1400dd147a", "answers": [{"text": "Sovereign", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who are two of the Assistant Chiefs of the Defence Staff?", "id": "56f977009b226e1400dd147b", "answers": [{"text": "Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Reserves and Cadets) and the Defence Services Secretary in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Defence Services Secretary", "answer_start": 148}], "question": "What is the Assistant Chief of the Defense Staff  for Reserves and Cadets also known as?", "id": "5a56c7e36349e2001acdcf2a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "(Reserves and Cadets)", "answer_start": 122}], "question": "What two groups is the Defense Services Secretary responsible for?", "id": "5a56c7e36349e2001acdcf2b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Royal Household of the Sovereign", "answer_start": 182}], "question": "In what household is the Assistant Chief of the Defense Staff for Reserves and Cadets?", "id": "5a56c7e36349e2001acdcf2c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a number", "answer_start": 24}], "question": "How many Defence Services Secretaries are there?", "id": "5a56c7e36349e2001acdcf2d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Defence Services Secretary", "answer_start": 152}], "question": "What assistant in the royal household is also responsible for Reserves and Cadets?", "id": "5a56c7e36349e2001acdcf2e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Additionally, there are a number of Assistant Chiefs of Defence Staff, including the Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Reserves and Cadets) and the Defence Services Secretary in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom, who is also the Assistant Chief of Defence Staff (Personnel)."}], ["Para Menteri dan Ketua Staf Pertahanan disokong oleh beberapa penasihat tentera awam, saintifik dan profesional. Setiausaha Setiausaha Tetap Negeri (biasanya dikenali sebagai Setiausaha Tetap) adalah pegawai kanan kerajaan di MoD. Peranannya adalah untuk memastikan MOD beroperasi dengan berkesan sebagai jabatan kerajaan. <> Siapa yang disokong oleh penasihat tentera awam, saintifik, dan profesional? || Para Menteri dan Ketua Staf Pertahanan <> Apakah Setiausaha Setiausaha Negara untuk Pertahanan yang biasa dikenali sebagai? || Setiausaha Tetap <> Di mana Setiausaha Tetap berkhidmat sebagai kakitangan awam kanan? || MoD <> Apakah peranan Setiausaha Tetap? || untuk memastikan MoD beroperasi dengan berkesan sebagai jabatan kerajaan <> Yang menyokong Setiausaha Tetap? || <> Apakah nama lain untuk Menteri Pertahanan? || <> Apakah peranan Ketua Pertahanan? || <> Di mana Menteri Pertahanan berkhidmat sebagai pegawai kanan kanan? || <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh Ketua Pertahanan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is supported by civilian, scientific, and professional military advisors?", "id": "56f95d179b226e1400dd13b2", "answers": [{"text": "The Ministers and Chiefs of the Defence Staff", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence generally known as?", "id": "56f95d179b226e1400dd13b3", "answers": [{"text": "Permanent Secretary", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the Permanent Secretary serve as the senior civil servant?", "id": "56f95d179b226e1400dd13b4", "answers": [{"text": "MoD", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the role of the Permanent Secretary?", "id": "56f95d179b226e1400dd13b5", "answers": [{"text": "to ensure the MoD operates effectively as a department of the government", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a number of civilian, scientific and professional military advisors", "answer_start": 63}], "question": "Who supports the Permanent Secretary?", "id": "5a56bf806349e2001acdcf0c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Permanent Secretary", "answer_start": 203}], "question": "What is another name for the Minister of the Defense?", "id": "5a56bf806349e2001acdcf0d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to ensure the MoD operates effectively as a department of the government", "answer_start": 287}], "question": "What is the role of the Chief of Defence?", "id": "5a56bf806349e2001acdcf0e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "at the MoD", "answer_start": 256}], "question": "Where does the Minister of Defence serve as the senior civil servant?", "id": "5a56bf806349e2001acdcf0f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ensure the MoD operates effectively as a department of the government", "answer_start": 290}], "question": "What does the Chief of Defense do?", "id": "5a56bf806349e2001acdcf10", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Ministers and Chiefs of the Defence Staff are supported by a number of civilian, scientific and professional military advisors. The Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence (generally known as the Permanent Secretary) is the senior civil servant at the MoD. His or her role is to ensure the MoD operates effectively as a department of the government."}], ["Winston Churchill, dalam membentuk kerajaannya pada tahun 1940, mencipta pejabat Menteri Pertahanan untuk menjalankan kawalan menteri ke atas Ketua-ketua Jawatankuasa Staf dan untuk menyelaraskan perkara-perkara pertahanan. Jawatan itu telah diadakan oleh Perdana Menteri hari ini sehingga kerajaan Clement Attlee memperkenalkan Akta Kementerian Pertahanan 1946. Kementerian baru itu diketuai oleh Menteri Pertahanan yang memiliki tempat duduk dalam Kabinet. Tiga perkhidmatan yang ada Menteri-Setiausaha Negara untuk Perang, Tuan Yang Dipertuan Admiralty, dan Setiausaha Negara untuk Udara-kekal dalam pengendalian operasi langsung bagi perkhidmatan masing-masing, tetapi tidak lagi menghadiri Kabinet. <> Siapa yang mencipta pejabat Menteri Pertahanan? || Winston Churchill <> Bilakah Akta Kementerian Pertahanan diperkenalkan? || 1946 <> Bilakah Winstron Churchill membentuk kerajaannya? || 1940 <> Kementerian baru, menurut Akta 1946, diketuai oleh Menteri Pertahanan yang memiliki apa? || sebuah kerusi di Kabinet <> Siapa yang berhenti menghadiri Kabinet dengan peruntukan Akta Kementerian Pertahanan 1946? || Setiausaha Negara untuk Perang, Tuan Yang Dipertua Admiralty, dan Setiausaha Negara untuk Udara <> Siapa yang mencipta Ketua Staf Jawatankuasa? || <> Siapa Setiausaha Negara untuk Perang? || <> Berapa lama seseorang memegang jawatan Setiausaha Negara untuk Perang? || <> Bilakah Setiausaha Negara Akta diperkenalkan? || <> Apa yang dimiliki Winston Churchill semasa Menteri Pertahanan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who created the office of Minister of Defence?", "id": "56f95b969b226e1400dd1398", "answers": [{"text": "Winston Churchill", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Ministry of Defence Act introduced?", "id": "56f95b969b226e1400dd1399", "answers": [{"text": "1946", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Winstron Churchill form his government?", "id": "56f95b969b226e1400dd139a", "answers": [{"text": "1940", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The new ministry, according to the Act of 1946, was headed by a Minister of Defence who possessed what?", "id": "56f95b969b226e1400dd139b", "answers": [{"text": "a seat in the Cabinet", "answer_start": 399}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who stopped attending Cabinet with the passage of the Ministry of Defence Act of 1946?", "id": "56f95b969b226e1400dd139c", "answers": [{"text": "the Secretary of State for War, the First Lord of the Admiralty, and the Secretary of State for Air", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Winston Churchill", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who created the Chiefs of Staff Committee?", "id": "5a56b4176349e2001acdcef8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Prime Minister of the day", "answer_start": 220}], "question": "Who was the Secretary of State for War?", "id": "5a56b4176349e2001acdcef9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "until Clement Attlee's government introduced the Ministry of Defence Act of 1946", "answer_start": 250}], "question": "How long did someone hold the position of Secretary of State for War?", "id": "5a56b4176349e2001acdcefa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1946", "answer_start": 326}], "question": "When was the Secretary of State Act introduced?", "id": "5a56b4176349e2001acdcefb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a seat in the Cabinet", "answer_start": 399}], "question": "What did Winston Churchill possess while Minister of Defence?", "id": "5a56b4176349e2001acdcefc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Winston Churchill, on forming his government in 1940, created the office of Minister of Defence to exercise ministerial control over the Chiefs of Staff Committee and to co-ordinate defence matters. The post was held by the Prime Minister of the day until Clement Attlee's government introduced the Ministry of Defence Act of 1946. The new ministry was headed by a Minister of Defence who possessed a seat in the Cabinet. The three existing service Ministers\u2014the Secretary of State for War, the First Lord of the Admiralty, and the Secretary of State for Air\u2014remained in direct operational control of their respective services, but ceased to attend Cabinet."}], ["MoD menyatakan bahawa objektif utamanya adalah untuk mempertahankan United Kingdom Great Britain dan Ireland Utara serta kepentingannya dan untuk memperkuat keamanan dan kestabilan antarabangsa. Dengan kejatuhan Kesatuan Soviet dan berakhirnya Perang Dingin, MoD tidak meramalkan sebarang ancaman ketenteraan konvensional jangka pendek; Sebaliknya, ia telah mengenalpasti senjata pemusnah besar-besaran, keganasan antarabangsa, dan kegagalan dan kegagalan negara-negara sebagai ancaman yang paling mengagumkan kepada kepentingan Britain. MOD juga mengendalikan operasi harian angkatan bersenjata, perencanaan kontingensi dan perolehan pertahanan. <> Apakah kehendak MoD untuk menguatkan? || keamanan dan kestabilan antarabangsa <> UK terdiri daripada dua bidang? || Great Britain dan Ireland Utara <> Apa yang dipertahankan oleh MoD? || United Kingdom Great Britain dan Ireland Utara <> Apakah ancaman yang telah dikenal pasti oleh MoD? || senjata pemusnah besar-besaran, keganasan antarabangsa, dan kegagalan dan kegagalan menyatakan <> Apa yang dikendalikan oleh MoD? || hari kerja harian angkatan tentera, perancangan luar jangka dan perolehan pertahanan <> Apa yang diperkukuhkan di Kesatuan Soviet selepas Perang Dingin? || <> Apa yang dilihat Ireland Utara sejauh ancaman jangka pendek? || <> Apa yang terdapat di Ireland Utara adalah ancaman kepada keamanan dan kestabilan antarabangsa? || <> Apa yang perlu diuruskan setiap hari oleh Ireland Utara? || <> Apa satu perkara yang ingin dibela oleh Kesatuan Soviet? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does the MoD wish to strengthen?", "id": "56f957049e9bad19000a083f", "answers": [{"text": "international peace and stability", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The UK consists of what two areas?", "id": "56f957049e9bad19000a0840", "answers": [{"text": "Great Britain and Northern Ireland", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the MoD defend?", "id": "56f957049e9bad19000a0841", "answers": [{"text": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the threats that the MoD has identified?", "id": "56f957049e9bad19000a0842", "answers": [{"text": "weapons of mass destruction, international terrorism, and failed and failing states", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the MoD manage?", "id": "56f957049e9bad19000a0843", "answers": [{"text": "day-to-day running of the armed forces, contingency planning and defence procurement", "answer_start": 505}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "international peace and stability", "answer_start": 152}], "question": "What is strengthened  in the Soviet Union after the Cold War?", "id": "5a5695656349e2001acdce60", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "does not foresee any short-term conventional military threat", "answer_start": 262}], "question": "What does Northern Ireland see as far as short term threats?", "id": "5a5695656349e2001acdce61", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "weapons of mass destruction, international terrorism, and failed and failing states", "answer_start": 350}], "question": "What has Northern Ireland found are threats to international peace and stability?", "id": "5a5695656349e2001acdce62", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "day-to-day running of the armed forces, contingency planning and defence procurement", "answer_start": 505}], "question": "What needs to be managed daily by Northern Ireland?", "id": "5a5695656349e2001acdce63", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "its interests", "answer_start": 120}], "question": "What is one thing that the Soviet Union wants to defend?", "id": "5a5695656349e2001acdce64", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The MoD states that its principal objectives are to defend the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and its interests and to strengthen international peace and stability. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the MoD does not foresee any short-term conventional military threat; rather, it has identified weapons of mass destruction, international terrorism, and failed and failing states as the overriding threats to Britain's interests. The MoD also manages day-to-day running of the armed forces, contingency planning and defence procurement."}], ["Semasa tahun 1920-an dan 1930-an, kakitangan awam dan ahli politik British, melihat semula prestasi negara semasa Perang Dunia I, menyimpulkan bahawa terdapat keperluan untuk penyelarasan yang lebih besar antara ketiga-tiga Perkhidmatan yang terdiri daripada angkatan tentera United Kingdom -Tentera Inggeris, Tentera Laut Diraja, dan Tentera Udara Diraja. Pembentukan kementerian pertahanan bersatu telah ditolak oleh pemerintah gabungan David Lloyd George pada tahun 1921; tetapi Ketua Staf Jawatankuasa ditubuhkan pada tahun 1923, untuk tujuan koordinasi antara Perkhidmatan. Ketika rearmament menjadi kebimbangan pada tahun 1930-an, Stanley Baldwin mencipta kedudukan Menteri Penyelarasan Pertahanan. Lord Chatfield memegang jawatan itu sehingga kejatuhan kerajaan Neville Chamberlain pada tahun 1940; kejayaannya terhad oleh kekurangan kawalan ke atas jabatan-jabatan Perkhidmatan yang ada dan pengaruh politiknya yang terhad. <> Apa tiga perkhidmatan yang membentuk angkatan bersenjata UK? || Tentera British, Tentera Laut Diraja, dan Angkatan Udara Diraja <> Apa yang disangkal kerajaan gabungan David Lloyd George pada tahun 1921? || Pembentukan kementerian pertahanan bersatu <> Bilakah Ketua-ketua Jawatankuasa Staf dibentuk? || 1923 <> Siapa yang mencipta kedudukan Menteri Penyelarasan Pertahanan? || Stanley Baldwin <> Jawatan apa yang pernah dipegang oleh Lord Chatfield sehingga tahun 1940? || Menteri Penyelarasan Pertahanan <> Bilakah penciptaan Tentera Laut Diraja ditolak oleh kerajaan gabungan David Lloyd George? || <> Kenapa sekelompok penjawat awam British telah membentuk pada tahun 1923? || <> Apa yang dicipta oleh Neville Chamberlain pada tahun 1920? || <> Bilakah Tentera Udara Diraja dibubarkan? || <> Apa tiga perkhidmatan terhad oleh pengaruh politik pada tahun 1923? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What three services make up the armed forces of the UK?", "id": "56f959f79e9bad19000a0867", "answers": [{"text": "the British Army, the Royal Navy, and the Royal Air Force", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did David Lloyd George's coalition government reject in 1921?", "id": "56f959f79e9bad19000a0868", "answers": [{"text": "The formation of a united ministry of defence", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Chiefs of Staff Committee formed?", "id": "56f959f79e9bad19000a0869", "answers": [{"text": "1923", "answer_start": 490}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created the position of Minister for Coordination of Defence?", "id": "56f959f79e9bad19000a086a", "answers": [{"text": "Stanley Baldwin", "answer_start": 594}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What post did Lord Chatfield hold until 1940?", "id": "56f959f79e9bad19000a086b", "answers": [{"text": "Minister for Coordination of Defence", "answer_start": 634}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in 1921", "answer_start": 433}], "question": "When was the creation of a Royal Navy rejected by David Lloyd George's coalition government?", "id": "5a56b2846349e2001acdceee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "for the purposes of inter-Service co-ordination", "answer_start": 496}], "question": "Why was the a group of British civil servantsformed in 1923?", "id": "5a56b2846349e2001acdceef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the position of Minister for Coordination of Defence", "answer_start": 618}], "question": "What was created by Neville Chamberlain in the 1920\"s?", "id": "5a56b2846349e2001acdcef0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in 1940", "answer_start": 752}], "question": "When was the Royal Air Force disbanded?", "id": "5a56b2846349e2001acdcef1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the British Army, the Royal Navy, and the Royal Air Force", "answer_start": 270}], "question": "What three services were limited by political influence in 1923?", "id": "5a56b2846349e2001acdcef2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "During the 1920s and 1930s, British civil servants and politicians, looking back at the performance of the state during World War I, concluded that there was a need for greater co-ordination between the three Services that made up the armed forces of the United Kingdom\u2014the British Army, the Royal Navy, and the Royal Air Force. The formation of a united ministry of defence was rejected by David Lloyd George's coalition government in 1921; but the Chiefs of Staff Committee was formed in 1923, for the purposes of inter-Service co-ordination. As rearmament became a concern during the 1930s, Stanley Baldwin created the position of Minister for Coordination of Defence. Lord Chatfield held the post until the fall of Neville Chamberlain's government in 1940; his success was limited by his lack of control over the existing Service departments and his limited political influence."}], ["Keyakinan penipuan yang paling ketara ialah Gordon Foxley, ketua perolehan pertahanan di Kementerian Pertahanan dari 1981 hingga 1984. Polis mendakwa beliau menerima sekurang-kurangnya \u00a3 3.5 juta dalam pembayaran rasuah, seperti rasuah yang besar dari kontraktor senjata luar negeri yang bertujuan untuk mempengaruhi peruntukan kontrak. <> Siapa di MoD telah disabitkan dengan penipuan? || Gordon Foxley <> Kedudukan apa yang dipegang oleh Foxley? || kepala perolehan pertahanan <> Berapa tahun Foxley bekerja oleh MoD? || 1981 hingga 1984 <> Berapa banyak wang yang dituduh Foxley diambil? || sekurang-kurangnya \u00a3 3.5m <> Apa yang polis percaya rasuah itu bertujuan untuk dilakukan? || mempengaruhi peruntukan kontrak <> Apakah kontraktor senjata di luar negara disabitkan? || <> Berapa banyak yang dicuri oleh kontraktor senjata luar negeri? || <> Apa yang mahu mempengaruhi pihak polis? || <> Bilakah polis didapati membuat rasuah? || <> Kementerian apa yang mempengaruhi bagaimana polis menyelidiki penipuan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who in the MoD was convicted of fraud?", "id": "56f9851f9b226e1400dd14fc", "answers": [{"text": "Gordon Foxley", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What position was held by Foxley?", "id": "56f9851f9b226e1400dd14fd", "answers": [{"text": "head of defence procurement", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What years was Foxley employed by the MoD?", "id": "56f9851f9b226e1400dd14fe", "answers": [{"text": "1981 to 1984", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money was Foxley accused of taking?", "id": "56f9851f9b226e1400dd14ff", "answers": [{"text": "at least \u00a33.5m", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do the police believe the bribes were intended to do?", "id": "56f9851f9b226e1400dd1500", "answers": [{"text": "influence the allocation of contracts", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fraud", "answer_start": 17}], "question": "What were overseas arms contractors convicted of?", "id": "5a56d93f6349e2001acdcf98", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "at least \u00a33.5m", "answer_start": 162}], "question": "How much was stolen by overseas arms contractors?", "id": "5a56d93f6349e2001acdcf99", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the allocation of contracts", "answer_start": 285}], "question": "What did police want to influence?", "id": "5a56d93f6349e2001acdcf9a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1981 to 1984", "answer_start": 121}], "question": "When were police found to be making bribes?", "id": "5a56d93f6349e2001acdcf9b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ministry of Defence", "answer_start": 96}], "question": "What ministry was influencing how police investigated fraud?", "id": "5a56d93f6349e2001acdcf9c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The most notable fraud conviction was that of Gordon Foxley, head of defence procurement at the Ministry of Defence from 1981 to 1984. Police claimed he received at least \u00a33.5m in total in corrupt payments, such as substantial bribes from overseas arms contractors aiming to influence the allocation of contracts."}], ["Estet pertahanan dibahagikan sebagai kawasan latihan & julat (84.0%), penyelidikan & pembangunan (5.4%), lapangan terbang (3.4%), berek & kem (2.5%), depot simpanan & bekalan (1.6%) dan lain- %). Ini sebahagian besarnya diuruskan oleh Pertubuhan Infrastruktur Pertahanan. <> Berapakah peratusan kawasan pertahanan yang membentuk kawasan latihan dan julat? || 84.0% <> Apa yang membentuk bahagian terkecil harta pertahanan? || storan penyimpanan & bekalan <> Berapa peratus daripada kawasan pertahanan yang diambil oleh lapangan terbang? || (3.4% <> Siapa yang menguruskan estet pertahanan? || Pertubuhan Infrastruktur Pertahanan <> Barak dan kem adalah peratusan dari pertahanan? || (2.5% <> Apa organisasi yang menguruskan lapangan terbang? dan depo bekalan adalah sebahagian daripada lapangan terbang sebagai peratusan terbesar? || <> Sebanyak peratus daripada lapangan terbang dikendalikan oleh kawasan latihan dan julat? || <> Berapa peratusan barak & kem dikendalikan oleh lapangan terbang? penyelidikan dan pembangunan dikendalikan oleh lapangan terbang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of the defence estate makes up training areas and ranges?", "id": "56f980059e9bad19000a09d9", "answers": [{"text": "84.0%", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What makes up the smallest portion of the defence estate?", "id": "56f980059e9bad19000a09da", "answers": [{"text": "storage & supply depots", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the defence estate is taken up by airfields?", "id": "56f980059e9bad19000a09db", "answers": [{"text": "(3.4%", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who manages the defence estate?", "id": "56f980059e9bad19000a09dc", "answers": [{"text": "Defence Infrastructure Organisation", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Barracks and camps are what percentage of the defence estate?", "id": "56f980059e9bad19000a09dd", "answers": [{"text": "(2.5%", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Defence Infrastructure Organisation", "answer_start": 219}], "question": "What organization do airfields manage?", "id": "5a56d5296349e2001acdcf7a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "(84.0%)", "answer_start": 57}], "question": "What percentage of storage and supply depots are part of airfields as the largest percentage?", "id": "5a56d5296349e2001acdcf7b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "(3.4%)", "answer_start": 107}], "question": "What percentage of airfields are managed by training areas and ranges?", "id": "5a56d5296349e2001acdcf7c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "(2.5%)", "answer_start": 132}], "question": "What percentage of barracks & camps are managed by airfields?", "id": "5a56d5296349e2001acdcf7d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "(5.4%)", "answer_start": 89}], "question": "What percentage of research and development is managed by airfields?", "id": "5a56d5296349e2001acdcf7e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The defence estate is divided as training areas & ranges (84.0%), research & development (5.4%), airfields (3.4%), barracks & camps (2.5%), storage & supply depots (1.6%), and other (3.0%). These are largely managed by the Defence Infrastructure Organisation."}], ["Ruang bawah tanah wain Henry VIII di Istana Whitehall, yang dibina pada tahun 1514-1516 untuk Cardinal Wolsey, berada di ruang bawah tanah Bangunan Utama, dan digunakan untuk hiburan. Struktur batu bata bawah tanah seluruhnya dibungkus dalam keluli dan konkrit dan berpindah sembilan kaki ke barat dan hampir 19 kaki (5.8 m) lebih mendalam pada tahun 1949, apabila pembinaan telah disambung semula di tapak selepas Perang Dunia II. Ini dilakukan tanpa sebarang kerosakan yang signifikan terhadap struktur. <> Siapa yang mempunyai ruang bawah tanah di Istana Whitehall? || Henry VIII <> Di mana wain bawah tanah Henry VIII? || ruang bawah tanah Bangunan Utama <> Bilakah bilik bawah tanah di bawah tanah Bangunan Utama dibina? || 1514-1516 <> Apakah bahan utama yang digunakan untuk membina bilik bawah tanah di bawah tanah Bangunan Utama? || bata <> Bilakah ruang bawah tanah dipindahkan? || 1949 <> Di mana Kardinal Wolsey dikebumikan? || <> Bilakah pemerintahan Henry VIII? || <> Siapa yang Cardinal Wolsey membina gudang anggur untuk? || <> Bilakah istana Whitehall dipindahkan? || <> Apakah Istana Whitehall dibina pada tahun 1949? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who had a wine cellar at the Palace of Whitehall?", "id": "56f982569e9bad19000a09ed", "answers": [{"text": "Henry VIII", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is Henry VIII's wine cellar?", "id": "56f982569e9bad19000a09ee", "answers": [{"text": "the basement of Main Building", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the cellar in the basement of Main Building built?", "id": "56f982569e9bad19000a09ef", "answers": [{"text": "1514\u20131516", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the main material used to build the cellar in the basement of Main Building?", "id": "56f982569e9bad19000a09f0", "answers": [{"text": "brick", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the cellar relocated?", "id": "56f982569e9bad19000a09f1", "answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "nine feet to the west and nearly 19 feet (5.8 m) deep", "answer_start": 258}], "question": "Where is Cardinal Wolsey buried?", "id": "5a56d7bd6349e2001acdcf8e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1514\u20131516", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "When was Henry VIII's reign?", "id": "5a56d7bd6349e2001acdcf8f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Henry VIII", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who did Cardinal Wolsey build the wine cellar for?", "id": "5a56d7bd6349e2001acdcf90", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 317}], "question": "When was the Palace of Whitehall relocated?", "id": "5a56d7bd6349e2001acdcf91", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "steel and concrete", "answer_start": 225}], "question": "What was the Palace of Whitehall built with in 1949?", "id": "5a56d7bd6349e2001acdcf92", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Henry VIII's wine cellar at the Palace of Whitehall, built in 1514\u20131516 for Cardinal Wolsey, is in the basement of Main Building, and is used for entertainment. The entire vaulted brick structure of the cellar was encased in steel and concrete and relocated nine feet to the west and nearly 19 feet (5.8 m) deeper in 1949, when construction was resumed at the site after World War II. This was carried out without any significant damage to the structure."}], ["Kementerian Pertahanan adalah salah satu daripada pemilik tanah terbesar United Kingdom, yang memiliki 227,300 hektar tanah dan tepi pantai (sama ada pegangan bebas atau pajakan) pada bulan April 2014, yang bernilai kira-kira \u00a3 20 bilion. MoD juga mempunyai \"hak akses\" ke 222,000 hektar lagi. Secara keseluruhannya, ini adalah kira-kira 1.8% daripada jisim tanah UK. Jumlah kos tahunan untuk menyokong estet pertahanan adalah \"melebihi \u00a3 3.3 bilion\". <> Berapa banyak tanah yang dimiliki oleh MoD? || 227,300 hektar <> Berapa nilai tanah yang dimiliki oleh Kementerian Pertanian? || \u00a3 20 bilion <> MoD memiliki atau mempunyai hak akses kepada berapa peratus jumlah tanah UK? || 1.8% <> Berapakah kos tahunan untuk menyokong estet pertahanan? || lebih daripada \u00a3 3.3 bilion <> Siapakah salah satu pemilik tanah terbesar di UK? || Kementerian Pertahanan <> Siapa yang merupakan pemilik terbesar hutang UK? || <> Berapakah hutang Kementerian Pertahanan sendiri? || <> Apakah kos tahunan untuk menyokong hak akses untuk warga Inggeris? || <> Berapa banyak penduduk UK mempunyai hak akses? || <> Berapakah jumlah kos menyokong hak rakyat UK untuk memiliki tanah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How much land is owned by the MoD?", "id": "56f97f629b226e1400dd14cb", "answers": [{"text": "227,300 hectares", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much is the land owned by the MoD worth?", "id": "56f97f629b226e1400dd14cc", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a320 billion", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The MoD owns or has rights of access to what percentage of the UK's total land?", "id": "56f97f629b226e1400dd14cd", "answers": [{"text": "1.8%", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much is the annual cost to support the defence estate?", "id": "56f97f629b226e1400dd14ce", "answers": [{"text": "in excess of \u00a33.3 billion", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is one of the largest landowners in the UK?", "id": "56f97f629b226e1400dd14cf", "answers": [{"text": "The Ministry of Defence", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Ministry of Defence", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Who is one of the UK's largest owners of debt?", "id": "5a56d3866349e2001acdcf70", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u00a320 billion", "answer_start": 194}], "question": "How much debt does the Ministry of Defence own?", "id": "5a56d3866349e2001acdcf71", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"in excess of \u00a33.3 billion\"", "answer_start": 380}], "question": "What is the annual cost to support rights of access for UK citizens?", "id": "5a56d3866349e2001acdcf72", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1.8%", "answer_start": 299}], "question": "How much of the population of the UK has rights of access?", "id": "5a56d3866349e2001acdcf73", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u00a33.3 billion\"", "answer_start": 394}], "question": "What is the total cost of supporting UK citizens rights to own land?", "id": "5a56d3866349e2001acdcf74", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Ministry of Defence is one of the United Kingdom's largest landowners, owning 227,300 hectares of land and foreshore (either freehold or leasehold) at April 2014, which was valued at \"about \u00a320 billion\". The MoD also has \"rights of access\" to a further 222,000 hectares. In total, this is about 1.8% of the UK land mass. The total annual cost to support the defence estate is \"in excess of \u00a33.3 billion\"."}], ["Tinjauan Strategik Pertahanan dan Keselamatan 2015 termasuk \u00a3 178 bilion pelaburan dalam peralatan dan kemampuan baru. Kajian ini menetapkan dasar pertahanan dengan empat misi utama untuk Angkatan Tentera: <> Berapa banyak pelaburan dalam peralatan dan kemampuan baru yang bernilai? || \u00a3 178 bilion <> Di mana tahun itu pelaburan sebanyak \u00a3 178 bilion? || 2015 <> Berapa banyak misi utama dimasukkan ke dalam Semakan 2015? || empat <> Apakah nama pernyataan tahunan yang dikeluarkan oleh MoD? || Kajian Pertahanan Strategik dan Keselamatan <> Berapa kos Penentangan Strategik dan Keselamatan untuk menghasilkan? || <> Berapakah kerajaan melabur dalam empat misi utama? || <> Apakah nama dasar pertahanan Angkatan Tentera pada tahun 2015? || <> Bilakah Angkatan Bersenjata mengambil bahagian dalam empat misi utama? || <> Apa yang telah ditetapkan oleh Angkatan Tentera untuk Kajian Pertahanan Strategik dan Keselamatan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How much was the investment in new equipment and capabilities worth?", "id": "56f97afc9e9bad19000a099f", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a3178 billion", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which year was a \u00a3178 billion investment made?", "id": "56f97afc9e9bad19000a09a0", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many primary missions were included in the 2015 Review?", "id": "56f97afc9e9bad19000a09a1", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the yearly statement released by the MoD?", "id": "56f97afc9e9bad19000a09a2", "answers": [{"text": "The Strategic Defence and Security Review", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u00a3178 billion", "answer_start": 56}], "question": "How much did the Strategic Defence and Security Review cost to produce?", "id": "5a56cb4f6349e2001acdcf48", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u00a3178 billion", "answer_start": 56}], "question": "How much did the government invest in four primary missions?", "id": "5a56cb4f6349e2001acdcf49", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The Strategic Defence and Security Review", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is the name of the defence policy of the Armed Forces in 2015?", "id": "5a56cb4f6349e2001acdcf4a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 42}], "question": "When did the Armed Forces take part in four primary missions?", "id": "5a56cb4f6349e2001acdcf4b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a defence policy", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "What did the Armed Forces set for the Strategic Defense and Security Review?", "id": "5a56cb4f6349e2001acdcf4c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015 included \u00a3178 billion investment in new equipment and capabilities. The review set a defence policy with four primary missions for the Armed Forces:"}], ["Berikutan berakhirnya Perang Dingin, ancaman konfrontasi ketenteraan konvensional dengan negara-negara lain telah digantikan oleh keganasan. Sir Richard Dannatt meramalkan pasukan British terlibat dalam memerangi \"pemangsa bukan negeri pemangsa\" untuk masa depan, dalam apa yang disebutnya \"era konflik yang berterusan\". Beliau memberitahu lembaga pemikir House Chatham bahawa perjuangan menentang al-Qaeda dan kumpulan Islam militan yang lain adalah \"mungkin perjuangan generasi kita\". <> Apa ancaman baru yang timbul selepas berakhirnya Perang Dingin? || keganasan <> Apa yang berperang semasa Perang Dingin yang dipertimbangkan oleh Dannatt? || <> Apakah era Perang Dingin yang dipanggil? || <> Apakah ancaman terorisme telah digantikan? || <> Apakah Chatham House meramalkan al-Qaeda akan bertarung di masa depan? || <> Siapa yang terlibat dengan keganasan dalam Perang Dingin? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the new threat that arose after the end of the Cold War?", "id": "56f97b8e9b226e1400dd1498", "answers": [{"text": "terrorism", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"probably the fight of our generation\"", "answer_start": 431}], "question": "What was fighting during the Cold War considered by Dannatt?", "id": "5a56cc9b6349e2001acdcf52", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "an \"era of persistent conflict\"", "answer_start": 290}], "question": "What was the Cold War era also called?", "id": "5a56cc9b6349e2001acdcf53", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the threat of direct conventional military confrontation", "answer_start": 35}], "question": "What has the threat of terrorism been replaced by?", "id": "5a56cc9b6349e2001acdcf54", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"predatory non-state actors\"", "answer_start": 215}], "question": "What does Chatham House predict al-Qaeda will fight in the future?", "id": "5a56cc9b6349e2001acdcf55", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "other states", "answer_start": 97}], "question": "Who was involved with terrorism in the Cold War?", "id": "5a56cc9b6349e2001acdcf56", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Following the end of the Cold War, the threat of direct conventional military confrontation with other states has been replaced by terrorism. Sir Richard Dannatt predicted British forces to be involved in combating \"predatory non-state actors\" for the foreseeable future, in what he called an \"era of persistent conflict\". He told the Chatham House think tank that the fight against al-Qaeda and other militant Islamist groups was \"probably the fight of our generation\"."}], ["Dannatt mengkritik sisa \"mental perang dingin\", dengan perbelanjaan ketenteraan berdasarkan mengekalkan keupayaan terhadap ancaman strategik konvensional langsung; Beliau berkata pada masa ini hanya 10% belanjawan program peralatan MoD antara tahun 2003 dan 2018 akan dilaburkan dalam \"persekitaran tanah\" - ketika Britain terlibat dalam peperangan berasaskan darat di Afghanistan dan Iraq. <> Perbelanjaan tentera yang berdasarkan ancaman konvensional telah dibuang kerja sebagai apa? || Mental Perang Dingin <> Berapa banyak anggaran peralatan MoD yang dilaburkan dalam \"persekitaran tanah\"? || 10% <> Di manakah Britain terlibat dalam peperangan darat apabila ada yang berpendapat bahawa peperangan darat pada dasarnya adalah sesuatu yang lalu? || Afghanistan dan Iraq <> Tahun-tahun manakah yang membentuk jangka masa yang disebutkan untuk nombor bajet ketenteraan? || 2003 dan 2018 Apakah peratusan belanjawan Iraq dilaburkan untuk membantu memerangi ancaman langsung pada tahun 2003? || <> Apa dua negara juga terlibat dalam Perang Dingin? || <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila Iraq dikritik kerana belanjawan tentera mereka untuk menghentikan ancaman? || <> Apa tempoh masa Britain terlibat dalam Perang Dingin? || <> Apakah 10% belanjawan tentera Iraq yang akan dilaburkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Military spending that is based on conventional threats has been dismissed as what?", "id": "56f97d559e9bad19000a09a7", "answers": [{"text": "Cold War mentality", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of the MoD's equipment budget is invested in the \"land environment\"?", "id": "56f97d559e9bad19000a09a8", "answers": [{"text": "10%", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Britain involved in a land war when some thought that land wars were basically a thing of the past?", "id": "56f97d559e9bad19000a09a9", "answers": [{"text": "Afghanistan and Iraq", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which years make up the time span mentioned for the military budget numbers?", "id": "56f97d559e9bad19000a09aa", "answers": [{"text": "2003 and 2018", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10%", "answer_start": 181}], "question": "What percentage of Iraq's budget was invested to help fight a direct threat in 2003?", "id": "5a56cdf36349e2001acdcf5c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Afghanistan and Iraq", "answer_start": 349}], "question": "What two countries were also involved in the Cold War?", "id": "5a56cdf36349e2001acdcf5d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"Cold War mentality\"", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "What is it called when Iraq was criticized for their military budget to stop a threat?", "id": "5a56cdf36349e2001acdcf5e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "between 2003 and 2018", "answer_start": 225}], "question": "What time period was Britain involved in the Cold War?", "id": "5a56cdf36349e2001acdcf5f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the \"land environment\"", "answer_start": 269}], "question": "What was 10% of Iraq's military budget to be invested in?", "id": "5a56cdf36349e2001acdcf60", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Dannatt criticised a remnant \"Cold War mentality\", with military expenditures based on retaining a capability against a direct conventional strategic threat; He said currently only 10% of the MoD's equipment programme budget between 2003 and 2018 was to be invested in the \"land environment\"\u2014at a time when Britain was engaged in land-based wars in Afghanistan and Iraq."}], ["Ibu pejabat MoD berada di Whitehall dan kini dikenali sebagai Bangunan Utama. Struktur ini bersifat neoklasik dan pada asalnya dibina antara 1938 dan 1959 untuk reka bentuk oleh Vincent Harris untuk menempatkan Kementerian Udara dan Lembaga Perdagangan. Pintu utara di Horse Guards Avenue diapit oleh dua patung monumental, Bumi dan Air, oleh Charles Wheeler. Sebaliknya berdiri Monumen Gurkha, yang diukir oleh Philip Jackson dan diresmikan pada tahun 1997 oleh Ratu Elizabeth II. Di dalamnya adalah Victoria Cross dan Memorial George Cross, dan berdekatannya adalah memorial untuk Fleet Air Arm dan RAF (ke timurnya, menghadap ke tepi sungai). Pengubahsuaian utama bangunan itu telah selesai di bawah kontrak PFI oleh Skanska pada tahun 2004. <> Di mana bandar ibu pejabat MoD itu? || Whitehall <> Siapa yang merancang ibu pejabat MoD? || Vincent Harris <> Siapa yang merancang patung-patung yang ada di sebelah utara pintu masuk ke ibu pejabat MoD? || Charles Wheeler <> Apakah ibu pejabat MOD dipanggil? || Bangunan Utama <> Siapa yang menjadikan Monumen Gurkha? || Philip Jackson <> Apa yang Vincent Harris mula dibina pada tahun 2004? || <> Bilakah Monumen Gurkha diperbaharui? || <> Kumpulan apa yang membaik pulih Tugu Gurkha pada tahun 2004? || <> Bilakah Kuda Pengawal Avenue dilancarkan oleh Ratu Elizabeth II? || <> Apa yang dibuat oleh Vincent Harris berhampiran pintu masuk utara Ibu Pejabat MoD? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what city are the headquarters of the MoD?", "id": "56f981b79b226e1400dd14df", "answers": [{"text": "Whitehall", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who designed the headquarters of the MoD?", "id": "56f981b79b226e1400dd14e0", "answers": [{"text": "Vincent Harris", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who designed the statues that are on either side of the northern entrance to the MoD headquarters?", "id": "56f981b79b226e1400dd14e1", "answers": [{"text": "Charles Wheeler", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the headquarters of the MoD called?", "id": "56f981b79b226e1400dd14e2", "answers": [{"text": "Main Building", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who made the Gurkha Monument?", "id": "56f981b79b226e1400dd14e3", "answers": [{"text": "Philip Jackson", "answer_start": 416}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The headquarters of the MoD", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What did Vincent Harris originally build in 2004?", "id": "5a56d6886349e2001acdcf84", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in 2004", "answer_start": 709}], "question": "When was the Gurkha Monument refurbished?", "id": "5a56d6886349e2001acdcf85", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Skanska", "answer_start": 701}], "question": "What group refurbished the Gurkha Monument in 2004?", "id": "5a56d6886349e2001acdcf86", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1997", "answer_start": 447}], "question": "When was Horse Guards Avenue unveiled by Queen Elizabeth II?", "id": "5a56d6886349e2001acdcf87", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two monumental statues, Earth and Water", "answer_start": 306}], "question": "What did Vincent Harris create near the northern entrance of the MoD Headquarters?", "id": "5a56d6886349e2001acdcf88", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The headquarters of the MoD are in Whitehall and are now known as Main Building. This structure is neoclassical in style and was originally built between 1938 and 1959 to designs by Vincent Harris to house the Air Ministry and the Board of Trade. The northern entrance in Horse Guards Avenue is flanked by two monumental statues, Earth and Water, by Charles Wheeler. Opposite stands the Gurkha Monument, sculpted by Philip Jackson and unveiled in 1997 by Queen Elizabeth II. Within it is the Victoria Cross and George Cross Memorial, and nearby are memorials to the Fleet Air Arm and RAF (to its east, facing the riverside). A major refurbishment of the building was completed under a PFI contract by Skanska in 2004."}], ["MoD sejak itu dianggap sebagai pemimpin dalam menguraikan konsep penganjur pasca Perang Dingin \"diplomasi pertahanan\". Hasil daripada Kajian Pertahanan dan Keselamatan Strategik 2010, Perdana Menteri David Cameron menandatangani perjanjian 50 tahun dengan Presiden Perancis Nicolas Sarkozy yang akan mempunyai dua negara bekerjasama secara intensif dalam hal-hal ketenteraan. UK menubuhkan pangkalan udara dan tentera laut di Teluk Parsi, yang terletak di UAE dan Bahrain. Kehadiran di Oman juga sedang dipertimbangkan. <> Dalam konsep apakah yang dianggap sebagai pemimpin? || diplomasi pertahanan <> Siapa PM Inggeris pada tahun 2010? || David Cameron <> Siapa presiden Perancis pada tahun 2010? || Nicolas Sarkozy <> Di mana dua negara adalah UK memasang pangkalan tentera? || UAE dan Bahrain <> Di mana negara lain adalah Inggeris berfikir tentang memasang pangkalan tentera? || Oman <> Apakah Perancis menubuhkan di Teluk Parsi? || <> Di mana Perancis berfikir tentang juga meletakkan pangkalan udara dan tentera laut? || <> Konsep apa yang dianggap sebagai pemimpin di Perancis? || <> Apa yang ditandatangani Oman dengan Perancis? || <> Apa perjanjian yang akan membolehkan Oman dan Perancis lakukan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what concept is the MoD considered a leader?", "id": "56f97a649e9bad19000a0995", "answers": [{"text": "defence diplomacy", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the PM of Britain in 2010?", "id": "56f97a649e9bad19000a0996", "answers": [{"text": "David Cameron", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the president of France in 2010?", "id": "56f97a649e9bad19000a0997", "answers": [{"text": "Nicolas Sarkozy", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which two countries is the UK installing military bases?", "id": "56f97a649e9bad19000a0998", "answers": [{"text": "UAE and Bahrain", "answer_start": 431}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which other country is the UK thinking about installing a military base?", "id": "56f97a649e9bad19000a0999", "answers": [{"text": "Oman", "answer_start": 462}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "air and naval bases", "answer_start": 375}], "question": "What is France establishing in the Persian Gulf?", "id": "5a56c9b96349e2001acdcf3e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Oman", "answer_start": 462}], "question": "Where is France thinking about also putting air and naval bases?", "id": "5a56c9b96349e2001acdcf3f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"defence diplomacy\"", "answer_start": 99}], "question": "What concept is France considered a leader in?", "id": "5a56c9b96349e2001acdcf40", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a 50-year treaty", "answer_start": 219}], "question": "What did Oman sign with France?", "id": "5a56c9b96349e2001acdcf41", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "co-operate intensively in military matters", "answer_start": 308}], "question": "What would the treaty allow Oman and France to do?", "id": "5a56c9b96349e2001acdcf42", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The MoD has since been regarded as a leader in elaborating the post-Cold War organising concept of \"defence diplomacy\". As a result of the Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010, Prime Minister David Cameron signed a 50-year treaty with French President Nicolas Sarkozy that would have the two countries co-operate intensively in military matters. The UK is establishing air and naval bases in the Persian Gulf, located in the UAE and Bahrain. A presence in Oman is also being considered."}], ["Laporan Pertahanan-Ketiga Laporan Pertahanan \"Peralatan Pertahanan 2009\" mengutip artikel dari laman web Financial Times yang menyatakan bahawa Kepala Materi Pertahanan, Jenderal Sir Kevin O'Donoghue, telah mengarahkan staf dalam Peralatan Pertahanan dan Dukungan (DE & S) melalui memorandum internal menegaskan semula proses kelulusan untuk memberi tumpuan kepada menyokong operasi semasa dalam tempoh tiga tahun ke depan; program berkaitan pencegahan; mereka yang mencerminkan kewajipan pertahanan kedua-dua kontrak atau antarabangsa; dan orang-orang di mana kontrak pengeluaran telah ditandatangani. Laporan itu juga memaparkan kebimbangan mengenai potensi potongan dalam belanjawan penyelidikan sains dan teknologi pertahanan; implikasi anggaran yang tidak sesuai untuk Inflasi Pertahanan dalam proses belanjawan; tidak terjejas dalam Program Peralatan; dan kebimbangan umum mengenai mengatasi keseimbangan yang bersesuaian dengan tumpuan jangka pendek (Operasi Semasa) dan akibat jangka panjang kegagalan untuk melabur dalam penyampaian keupayaan pertahanan UK masa depan pada pejuang dan kempen masa depan. Setiausaha Negara untuk Pertahanan, Ahli Parlimen Bob Ainsworth, memperkukuhkan penentangan ini untuk memberi tumpuan kepada operasi semasa dan tidak menolak \"perubahan besar\" dalam perbelanjaan pertahanan. Dalam artikel yang sama, Tentera Laut Pertama dan Ketua Staf Angkatan Laut, Laksamana Sir Mark Stanhope, Tentera Laut Diraja, mengakui bahawa tidak ada cukup wang dalam belanjawan pertahanan dan ia sedang mempersiapkan diri untuk keputusan yang sukar dan potensi pemotongan. Menurut angka-angka yang diterbitkan oleh London Evening Standard belanjawan pertahanan untuk 2009 adalah \"lebih daripada 10% overspent\" (angka tidak dapat disahkan) dan kertas menyatakan bahawa ini telah menyebabkan Gordon Brown mengatakan bahawa perbelanjaan pertahanan mesti dipotong. MoD telah melabur dalam IT untuk mengurangkan kos dan meningkatkan perkhidmatan untuk kakitangannya. <> Siapa Ketua Bahan Pertahanan pada tahun 2009? || Jeneral Sir Kevin O'Donoghue <> Jabatan mana yang diawasi oleh Kepala Materi Pertahanan? || Peralatan Pertahanan dan Sokongan (DE & S) <> Program mana yang disebut sebagai kurang upaya? || Program Peralatan <> Siapa Setiausaha Negara untuk Pertahanan pada tahun 2009? || Bob Ainsworth MP <> Penerbitan mana yang menyatakan belanja pertahanan 2009 lebih daripada 10% overbudget? || London Evening Standard <> Siapa ketua London Evening Standard? || <> Apa yang disebut oleh MoD mengenai belanjawan sains dan teknologi pertahanan? || <> Apa yang telah dilakukan Program Peralatan dengan bajetnya pada tahun 2009 menurut memo dalaman? || <> Apakah Program Peralatan telah melabur untuk mengurangkan kos dan meningkatkan perkhidmatan kakitangan? || <> Apa yang pernah bekas Setiausaha Negara untuk Pertahanan Mark Stanhope tidak menolak untuk membelanjakan kakitangan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the Chief of Defence Materiel in 2009?", "id": "56f97e179b226e1400dd14b9", "answers": [{"text": "General Sir Kevin O\u2019Donoghue", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which department is overseen by the Chief of Defence Materiel?", "id": "56f97e179b226e1400dd14ba", "answers": [{"text": "Defence Equipment and Support (DE&S)", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which programme was mentioned as being underfunded?", "id": "56f97e179b226e1400dd14bb", "answers": [{"text": "Equipment Programme", "answer_start": 765}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Secretary of State for Defence in 2009?", "id": "56f97e179b226e1400dd14bc", "answers": [{"text": "Bob Ainsworth MP", "answer_start": 1066}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which publication said the 2009 defence budget was more than 10% overbudget?", "id": "56f97e179b226e1400dd14bd", "answers": [{"text": "London Evening Standard", "answer_start": 1502}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Bob Ainsworth", "answer_start": 1066}], "question": "Who is the head of the London Evening Standard?", "id": "5a56d1a86349e2001acdcf66", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "there was not enough money within the defence budget", "answer_start": 1332}], "question": "What did the MoD mention about the defence science and technology budget?", "id": "5a56d1a86349e2001acdcf67", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "more than 10% overspent\"", "answer_start": 1558}], "question": "What has the Equipment Programme done with its budget in 2009 according to an internal memo?", "id": "5a56d1a86349e2001acdcf68", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "IT", "answer_start": 1743}], "question": "What has the Equipment Programme been investing in to cut costs and improve personnel services?", "id": "5a56d1a86349e2001acdcf69", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\"major shifts\"", "answer_start": 1170}], "question": "What did former Secretary of State for Defence Mark Stanhope not rule out for spending on personnel?", "id": "5a56d1a86349e2001acdcf6a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Defence Committee\u2014Third Report \"Defence Equipment 2009\" cites an article from the Financial Times website stating that the Chief of Defence Materiel, General Sir Kevin O\u2019Donoghue, had instructed staff within Defence Equipment and Support (DE&S) through an internal memorandum to reprioritize the approvals process to focus on supporting current operations over the next three years; deterrence related programmes; those that reflect defence obligations both contractual or international; and those where production contracts are already signed. The report also cites concerns over potential cuts in the defence science and technology research budget; implications of inappropriate estimation of Defence Inflation within budgetary processes; underfunding in the Equipment Programme; and a general concern over striking the appropriate balance over a short-term focus (Current Operations) and long-term consequences of failure to invest in the delivery of future UK defence capabilities on future combatants and campaigns. The then Secretary of State for Defence, Bob Ainsworth MP, reinforced this reprioritisation of focus on current operations and had not ruled out \"major shifts\" in defence spending. In the same article the First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff, Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope, Royal Navy, acknowledged that there was not enough money within the defence budget and it is preparing itself for tough decisions and the potential for cutbacks. According to figures published by the London Evening Standard the defence budget for 2009 is \"more than 10% overspent\" (figures cannot be verified) and the paper states that this had caused Gordon Brown to say that the defence spending must be cut. The MoD has been investing in IT to cut costs and improve services for its personnel."}], ["Pada bulan April 2008, kontrak \u00a3 90 juta telah ditandatangani dengan Boeing untuk penyelesaian \"cepat\", sehingga mereka dapat terbang pada tahun 2010: QinetiQ akan menurunkan Chinooks-pelucutan beberapa peralatan mereka yang lebih canggih. <> Pengilang pesawat mana yang mendapat kontrak dengan MoD? || Boeing <> Bilakah kontrak Boeing ditandatangani? || April 2008 <> Siapa yang mengalihkan helikopter Chinook? || QinetiQ <> Berapa banyak kontrak Boeing yang bernilai? || \u00a3 90m <> Apa yang telah dikeluarkan dari helikopter Chinook? || peralatan yang lebih canggih <> Apakah tanda Chinook pada April 2008? || <> Apa yang akan diturunkan oleh Boeing? || <> Apa yang akan dikeluarkan Boeing dari Chinooks? || <> Bilakah kontrak ditandatangani untuk peralatan yang lebih canggih? || <> Apa yang dicari oleh Chinook ketika menandatangani kontrak? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which aircraft manufacturer got a contract with the MoD?", "id": "56f990289b226e1400dd158c", "answers": [{"text": "Boeing", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Boeing contract signed?", "id": "56f990289b226e1400dd158d", "answers": [{"text": "April 2008", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is downgrading the Chinook helicopters?", "id": "56f990289b226e1400dd158e", "answers": [{"text": "QinetiQ", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much was the Boeing contract worth?", "id": "56f990289b226e1400dd158f", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a390m", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was removed from the Chinook helicopters?", "id": "56f990289b226e1400dd1590", "answers": [{"text": "more advanced equipment", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a \u00a390m contract", "answer_start": 15}], "question": "What did Chinook sign in April 2008?", "id": "5a56dd956349e2001acdcfb6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Chinooks", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "What will Boeing downgrade?", "id": "5a56dd956349e2001acdcfb7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "some of their more advanced equipment", "answer_start": 157}], "question": "What will Boeing remove from the Chinooks?", "id": "5a56dd956349e2001acdcfb8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "April 2008", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When was a contract signed for more advanced equipment?", "id": "5a56dd956349e2001acdcfb9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a \"quick fix\" solution", "answer_start": 58}], "question": "What was Chinook looking for when signing the contract?", "id": "5a56dd956349e2001acdcfba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In April 2008, a \u00a390m contract was signed with Boeing for a \"quick fix\" solution, so they can fly by 2010: QinetiQ will downgrade the Chinooks\u2014stripping out some of their more advanced equipment."}], ["Pada tahun 2013, Kementerian Pertahanan telah melampaui bajet peralatannya sebanyak \u00a3 6.5bn atas pesanan yang boleh mengambil masa sehingga 39 tahun untuk dipenuhi. Kementerian Pertahanan telah dikritik pada masa lalu untuk kawalan pengurusan dan kewangan yang lemah, melabur dalam projek yang telah mengambil masa sehingga 10 dan bahkan sebanyak 15 tahun untuk disampaikan. <> Berapa banyakkah MoD mengatasi anggaran peralatannya? || \u00a3 6.5bn <> Bilakah jumlah overbudget ditemui? || 2013 <> Apakah beberapa kritikan yang telah diarahkan di MoD? || pengurusan yang lemah dan kawalan kewangan <> Apakah anggaran jangka panjang tentang pemenuhan beberapa perintah peralatan yang dibuat oleh MoD? || sehingga 39 tahun <> projek-projek yang lalu yang diperintahkan oleh MoD telah mengambil apa jenis jangka masa untuk memenuhi? || sehingga 10 dan bahkan sebanyak 15 tahun <> Berapa lamakah MOD mengatasi anggaran peralatannya? || <> Berapa lamakah MOD wujud? || <> Berapa lamakah MoD dikelola dengan buruk? || <> Apa yang ada dalam kerajaan selama 10 hingga 15 tahun? || <> Apakah bajet peralatan Mod pada tahun 2013? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "By how much did the MoD go over its equipment budget?", "id": "56f991b19b226e1400dd15b6", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a36.5bn", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the overbudget amount discovered?", "id": "56f991b19b226e1400dd15b7", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some of the criticisms that have been directed at the MoD?", "id": "56f991b19b226e1400dd15b8", "answers": [{"text": "poor management and financial control", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a long-range estimate on fulfillment of some of the equipment orders made by the MoD?", "id": "56f991b19b226e1400dd15b9", "answers": [{"text": "up to 39 years", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Past projects ordered by the MoD have taken what type of time frame to fulfill?", "id": "56f991b19b226e1400dd15ba", "answers": [{"text": "up to 10 and even as much as 15 years", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10 and even as much as 15 years", "answer_start": 293}], "question": "For how long did the MoD go over its equipment budget?", "id": "5a56ed8e770dc0001aeefc58", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "39 years", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "How long has the MoD existed?", "id": "5a56ed8e770dc0001aeefc59", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "39 years", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "How long has the MoD been poorly managed?", "id": "5a56ed8e770dc0001aeefc5a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "financial control", "answer_start": 230}], "question": "What has the government had for 10 to 15 years?", "id": "5a56ed8e770dc0001aeefc5b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u00a36.5bn", "answer_start": 91}], "question": "What was the Mod's equipment budget in 2013?", "id": "5a56ed8e770dc0001aeefc5c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 2013 it was found that the Ministry of Defence had overspent on its equipment budget by \u00a36.5bn on orders that could take up to 39 years to fulfil. The Ministry of Defence has been criticised in the past for poor management and financial control, investing in projects that have taken up to 10 and even as much as 15 years to be delivered."}], ["Pada bulan Oktober 2009, MoD telah dikritik hebat kerana mengeluarkan bajet \u00a3 20 juta latihan bukan operasi dua tahunan untuk Tentera Wilayah sukarelawan (TA), menamatkan semua latihan tidak beroperasi selama 6 bulan sehingga April 2010. Kerajaan akhirnya mundur dan memulihkan pembiayaan. TA menyediakan peratusan kecil tentera operasi UK. Ahli-ahlinya melatih pada malam mingguan dan hujung minggu bulanan, serta latihan selama dua minggu pada umumnya setiap tahun dan kadang-kadang setiap tahun untuk pasukan melakukan kursus lain. Potongan ini bermakna kehilangan kakitangan yang besar dan akan memberi kesan buruk kepada pengambilan pekerja. <> Bilakah anggaran TA ditarik balik? || Oktober 2009 <> Berapa banyak wang yang diperuntukkan kepada sukarelawan Tentera Darat? || \u00a3 20m <> Bilakah latihan bagi TA sepatutnya disambung semula? || April 2010 <> Berapa banyak pasukan UK disediakan oleh TA? || peratusan kecil <> Berapa kerapkah pasukan TA sentiasa melatih? || petang mingguan dan hujung minggu bulanan <> Apakah Tentera Teritorial mengkritik untuk mengeluarkan dari MoD? || <> Apa yang menyebabkan Tentera Wilayah menghapuskan belanjawan MoD? || <> Apa yang akhirnya dipulihkan oleh TA? || <> Berapa peratus daripada tentera mengambil bahagian dalam kursus lain? || <> Berapa kerapkah ahli MOD melatih pada tahun 2009? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the TA budget withdrawn?", "id": "56f990bd9b226e1400dd15a2", "answers": [{"text": "October 2009", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money was allocated to the volunteer Territorial Army?", "id": "56f990bd9b226e1400dd15a3", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a320m", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the training for the TA supposed to resume?", "id": "56f990bd9b226e1400dd15a4", "answers": [{"text": "April 2010", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of the UK's troops are provided by the TA?", "id": "56f990bd9b226e1400dd15a5", "answers": [{"text": "a small percentage", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How often do the TA troops regularly train?", "id": "56f990bd9b226e1400dd15a6", "answers": [{"text": "weekly evenings and monthly weekends", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the bi-annual non-operational training \u00a320m budget", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "What was the Territorial Army criticized for removing from the MoD?", "id": "5a56dfd96349e2001acdcfc0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ending all non-operational training for 6 months until April 2010", "answer_start": 156}], "question": "What did the Territorial Army removing the MoD budget end up causing?", "id": "5a56dfd96349e2001acdcfc1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the funding", "answer_start": 274}], "question": "What was eventually restored by the TA?", "id": "5a56dfd96349e2001acdcfc2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a small percentage", "answer_start": 303}], "question": "What percentage of the troops take part in other courses?", "id": "5a56dfd96349e2001acdcfc3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "weekly evenings and monthly weekends, as well as two-week exercises generally annually and occasionally bi-annually", "answer_start": 375}], "question": "How often did the MoD members train in 2009?", "id": "5a56dfd96349e2001acdcfc4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In October 2009, the MoD was heavily criticized for withdrawing the bi-annual non-operational training \u00a320m budget for the volunteer Territorial Army (TA), ending all non-operational training for 6 months until April 2010. The government eventually backed down and restored the funding. The TA provides a small percentage of the UK's operational troops. Its members train on weekly evenings and monthly weekends, as well as two-week exercises generally annually and occasionally bi-annually for troops doing other courses. The cuts would have meant a significant loss of personnel and would have had adverse effects on recruitment."}], ["MoD telah dikritik kerana kegagalan berterusan, telah menghabiskan \u00a3 240 juta pada lapan helikopter Chinook HC3 yang hanya mula memasuki perkhidmatan pada tahun 2010, bertahun-tahun selepas mereka diperintahkan pada tahun 1995 dan dihantar pada tahun 2001. Laporan Pejabat Audit Negara mendedahkan bahawa helikopter telah telah disimpan di hangar berhawa dingin di Britain sejak penghantaran [mengapa] 2001 mereka, sementara pasukan di Afghanistan terpaksa bergantung pada helikopter yang terbang dengan kesalahan keselamatan. Pada masa Chinooks dapat disesuaikan, jumlah kos projek mungkin sebanyak \u00a3 500 juta. <> Berapakah perbelanjaan MOD di helikopter Chinook? || \u00a3 240m <> Bilakah helikopter diperintahkan? || 1995 <> Pejabat mana yang melaporkan bahawa helikopter disimpan, bukannya digunakan? || Pejabat Audit Kebangsaan <> Pada tahun berapa helikopter dibawa ke perkhidmatan? || 2010 <> Berapa anggaran jumlah kos projek helikopter Chinook? || \u00a3 500m <> Pada tahun 1995 apa perintah Pejabat Audit Negara? || <> Bilakah helikopter dengan kerosakan keselamatan yang diperintahkan oleh Pejabat Audit? || <> Sejak tahun apakah helikopter dengan keselamatan telah disimpan? || <> Berapa banyak helikopter dengan kos kerosakan ketika diarahkan pada tahun 2010? || <> Bilakah helikopter yang diterbangkan dengan keselamatan di Afghanistan diletakkan dalam perkhidmatan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How much did the MoD spend on Chinook helicopters?", "id": "56f98fca9b226e1400dd1582", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a3240m", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the helicopters ordered?", "id": "56f98fca9b226e1400dd1583", "answers": [{"text": "1995", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which office reported that the helicopters were being stored, rather than used?", "id": "56f98fca9b226e1400dd1584", "answers": [{"text": "National Audit Office", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year were the helicopters brought into service?", "id": "56f98fca9b226e1400dd1585", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the estimated total cost of the Chinook helicopter project?", "id": "56f98fca9b226e1400dd1586", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a3500m", "answer_start": 552}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "eight Chinook HC3 helicopters", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "In 1995 what did the National Audit Office order?", "id": "5a56dc506349e2001acdcfac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in 1995", "answer_start": 178}], "question": "When were the helicopters with safety faults ordered by the Audit Office?", "id": "5a56dc506349e2001acdcfad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "since their 2001[why?] delivery", "answer_start": 324}], "question": "Since what year have the helicopters with safety faults been stored?", "id": "5a56dc506349e2001acdcfae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "\u00a3240m", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "How much did the helicopters with safety faults cost when ordered in 2010?", "id": "5a56dc506349e2001acdcfaf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "in 2010", "answer_start": 139}], "question": "When were the helicopters flown with safety faults in Afghanistan put in service?", "id": "5a56dc506349e2001acdcfb0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The MoD has been criticised for an ongoing fiasco, having spent \u00a3240m on eight Chinook HC3 helicopters which only started to enter service in 2010, years after they were ordered in 1995 and delivered in 2001. A National Audit Office report reveals that the helicopters have been stored in air conditioned hangars in Britain since their 2001[why?] delivery, while troops in Afghanistan have been forced to rely on helicopters which are flying with safety faults. By the time the Chinooks are airworthy, the total cost of the project could be as much as \u00a3500m."}], ["Laporan pemerintah yang diliputi oleh Guardian pada tahun 2002 menunjukkan bahwa antara 1940 dan 1979, Kementerian Pertahanan \"telah memalingkan sebahagian besar negara menjadi laboratorium gergasi untuk menjalankan satu siri ujian peperangan kuman rahsia pada orang awam\" dan banyak ujian ini \" melibatkan melepaskan bahan kimia dan mikro-organisma yang berpotensi berbahaya ke atas penduduk yang luas tanpa memberitahu orang ramai. \" Kementerian Pertahanan mendakwa bahawa ujian-ujian ini adalah untuk mensimulasikan peperangan kuman dan ujian-ujian itu tidak berbahaya. Walau bagaimanapun, keluarga yang telah berada di kawasan ujian banyak mengalami kanak-kanak yang cacat lahir dan cacat fizikal dan mental dan ramai yang meminta siasatan awam. Menurut laporan ujian ini menjejaskan anggaran berjuta-juta orang termasuk satu tempoh antara 1961 dan 1968 di mana \"lebih daripada sejuta orang di sepanjang pantai selatan England, dari Torquay ke New Forest, terdedah kepada bakteria termasuk e.coli dan bacillus globigii , yang meniru antraks. \" Dua saintis yang ditugaskan oleh Kementerian Pertahanan menyatakan bahawa percubaan ini tidak menimbulkan risiko kepada orang ramai. Ini telah disahkan oleh Sue Ellison, seorang wakil Porton Down yang mengatakan bahawa hasil ujian ini \"akan menyelamatkan nyawa, jika negara atau tentera kita menghadapi serangan oleh senjata kimia dan biologi.\" Ditanya sama ada ujian itu masih dijalankan, beliau berkata: \"Bukanlah dasar kita untuk membincangkan penyelidikan yang berterusan.\" Tidak diketahui sama ada atau tidaknya ketidakcukuhan percubaan diketahui pada masa kejadian mereka. <> Apakah penerbitan yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian Pertahanan pada tahun 2002? || The Guardian <> Apakah MoD yang dituduh lakukan kepada orang ramai? || ujian peperangan kuman rahsia <> Apakah anak-anak dari sesetengah keluarga di kawasan ujian mengalami? || kanak-kanak dengan kecacatan kelahiran dan kecacatan fizikal dan mental <> Bilakah ujian peperangan kuman yang sepatutnya berlaku? || antara 1940 dan 1979 <> Bilakah berjuta-juta orang dikatakan terdedah kepada e. coli dan bakteria seperti anthrax? || antara 1961 dan 1968 <> Apa yang dikeluarkan oleh Porton Down pada tahun 2002? || <> Apa yang dilakukan Porton Down antara 1940 dan 1979? || <> Apakah tujuan Porton Down membebaskan kuman pada orang awam tanpa disedari? || <> Apa kata Torquay tentang ujian peperangan kuman rahsia? || <> Apa yang diminta oleh Guardian mengenai ujian rahsia? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What publication released a report about the Ministry of Defence in 2002?", "id": "56f98a3f9e9bad19000a0a6f", "answers": [{"text": "the Guardian", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the MoD accused of doing to the public?", "id": "56f98a3f9e9bad19000a0a70", "answers": [{"text": "secret germ warfare tests", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the children of some families in the area of the testing experiencing?", "id": "56f98a3f9e9bad19000a0a71", "answers": [{"text": "children with birth defects and physical and mental handicaps", "answer_start": 593}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the supposed germ warfare testing taking place?", "id": "56f98a3f9e9bad19000a0a72", "answers": [{"text": "between 1940 and 1979", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were millions of people supposedly exposed to e. coli and an anthrax-like bacteria?", "id": "56f98a3f9e9bad19000a0a73", "answers": [{"text": "between 1961 and 1968", "answer_start": 792}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "A government report", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What was released by Porton Down in 2002?", "id": "5a56dafb6349e2001acdcfa2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "turned large parts of the country into a giant laboratory", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "What did Porton Down do between 1940 and 1979?", "id": "5a56dafb6349e2001acdcfa3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "to conduct a series of secret germ warfare tests", "answer_start": 173}], "question": "What was the purpose of Porton Down releasing germs on the public unknowingly?", "id": "5a56dafb6349e2001acdcfa4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the tests were harmless", "answer_start": 488}], "question": "What does Torquay say about the secret germ warfare tests?", "id": "5a56dafb6349e2001acdcfa5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a public inquiry", "answer_start": 679}], "question": "What is the Guardian asking for regarding the secret tests?", "id": "5a56dafb6349e2001acdcfa6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A government report covered by the Guardian in 2002 indicates that between 1940 and 1979, the Ministry of Defence \"turned large parts of the country into a giant laboratory to conduct a series of secret germ warfare tests on the public\" and many of these tests \"involved releasing potentially dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms over vast swaths of the population without the public being told.\" The Ministry of Defence claims that these trials were to simulate germ warfare and that the tests were harmless. Still, families who have been in the area of many of the tests are experiencing children with birth defects and physical and mental handicaps and many are asking for a public inquiry. According to the report these tests affected estimated millions of people including one period between 1961 and 1968 where \"more than a million people along the south coast of England, from Torquay to the New Forest, were exposed to bacteria including e.coli and bacillus globigii, which mimics anthrax.\" Two scientists commissioned by the Ministry of Defence stated that these trials posed no risk to the public. This was confirmed by Sue Ellison, a representative of Porton Down who said that the results from these trials \"will save lives, should the country or our forces face an attack by chemical and biological weapons.\" Asked whether such tests are still being carried out, she said: \"It is not our policy to discuss ongoing research.\" It is unknown whether or not the harmlessness of the trials was known at the time of their occurrence."}]], [["Terdapat empat sistem HDTV utama yang diuji oleh SMPTE pada akhir tahun 1970-an, dan pada tahun 1979 kumpulan kajian SMP mengeluarkan Kajian Sistem Televisyen Definisi Tinggi: <> Berapa banyak sistem HDTV utama yang diuji oleh SMPTE pada akhir 70-an? || empat <> yang menguji empat sistem HDTV utama pada akhir 1970-an? || SMPTE <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan Satu Kajian Sistem Televisyen Definisi Tinggi? || sebuah kumpulan kajian SMPTE <> Pada tahun berapa adalah Kajian Sistem Televisyen Definisi Tinggi dikeluarkan? || 1979 <> Apa yang telah dikeluarkan oleh kumpulan kajian SMPTE pada tahun 1979? || Kajian Sistem Televisyen Definisi Tinggi <> Berapa banyak sistem SDTV utama yang diuji oleh SMPTE pada akhir 70-an? || <> Yang menguji tiga sistem HDTV utama pada akhir 1970-an? || <> Siapa yang mengeluarkan Satu Kajian Sistem Televisyen Definisi Standard? || <> Pada tahun apakah Kajian Satu Sistem Definisi Standard Televisyen dikeluarkan? || <> Apa yang dikeluarkan oleh kumpulan kajian SMPTE pada tahun 1989? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many major HDTV systems were tested by SMPTE in the late 70's?", "id": "56f9dccf9e9bad19000a0b23", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who tested the four major HDTV systems in the late 1970's?", "id": "56f9dccf9e9bad19000a0b24", "answers": [{"text": "SMPTE", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who released A Study of High Definition Television Systems?", "id": "56f9dccf9e9bad19000a0b25", "answers": [{"text": "an SMPTE study group", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was A Study of High Definition Television Systems released?", "id": "56f9dccf9e9bad19000a0b26", "answers": [{"text": "1979", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was released by an SMPTE study group in 1979?", "id": "56f9dccf9e9bad19000a0b27", "answers": [{"text": "A Study of High Definition Television Systems", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 11}], "question": "How many major SDTV systems were tested by SMPTE in the late 70's?", "id": "5ad3aa34604f3c001a3feb31", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "SMPTE", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "Who tested the three major HDTV systems in the late 1970's?", "id": "5ad3aa34604f3c001a3feb32", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "SMPTE", "answer_start": 45}], "question": " Who released A Study of Standard Definition Television Systems?", "id": "5ad3aa34604f3c001a3feb33", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1979", "answer_start": 77}], "question": "In what year was A Study of Standard Definition Television Systems released?", "id": "5ad3aa34604f3c001a3feb34", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "A Study of High Definition Television Systems", "answer_start": 112}], "question": " What was released by an SMPTE study group in 1989?", "id": "5ad3aa34604f3c001a3feb35", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems:"}], ["Pada tahun 1949, Perancis memulakan transmisinya dengan sistem 819 baris (dengan 737 garis aktif). Sistem ini hanya monokrom, dan hanya digunakan pada VHF untuk saluran TV pertama Perancis. Ia telah dihentikan pada tahun 1983. <> Pada tahun apakah Perancis mula menggunakan transmisi dan 819 sistem talian? || 1949 <> Negara apakah yang mula menggunakan transmisi dan 819 sistem talian pada tahun 1949? || Perancis <> Apakah Perancis memulakan penghantaran pada tahun 1949? || sistem 819 baris <> Adakah sistem garisan Perancis 819 berwarna? || monokrom sahaja <> Bilakah sistem talian 819 Perancis dihentikan? || 1983 <> Pada tahun apakah Inggeris mula menggunakan transmisi dan 819 sistem talian? || <> Negara apakah yang mula menggunakan transmisi dan sistem garisan 819 pada tahun 1959? || <> Apakah Perancis memulakan penghantaran dengan pada tahun 1939? || <> Adakah sistem talian Englands 819 berwarna? || <> Bilakah sistem talian 811 Perancis dihentikan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did France start transmissions using and 819 line system?", "id": "56f9df829b226e1400dd15d4", "answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country started transmissions using and 819 line system in 1949?", "id": "56f9df829b226e1400dd15d5", "answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did France start transmissions with in 1949?", "id": "56f9df829b226e1400dd15d6", "answers": [{"text": "an 819 lines system", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Was France's 819 line system in color?", "id": "56f9df829b226e1400dd15d7", "answers": [{"text": "monochrome only", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was France's 819 line system discontinued?", "id": "56f9df829b226e1400dd15d8", "answers": [{"text": "1983", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1949", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "In what year did England start transmissions using and 819 line system?", "id": "5ad3aaab604f3c001a3feb57", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "What country started transmissions using and 819 line system in 1959?", "id": "5ad3aaab604f3c001a3feb58", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "819 lines system", "answer_start": 50}], "question": " What did France start transmissions with in 1939?", "id": "5ad3aaab604f3c001a3feb59", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "monochrome", "answer_start": 107}], "question": " Was Englands 819 line system in color?", "id": "5ad3aaab604f3c001a3feb5a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1983", "answer_start": 205}], "question": " When was France's 811 line system discontinued?", "id": "5ad3aaab604f3c001a3feb5b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983."}], ["Pada tahun 1981, sistem MUSE telah ditunjukkan untuk kali pertama di Amerika Syarikat, menggunakan nisbah aspek 5: 3 yang sama seperti sistem Jepun. Semasa melawat demonstrasi MUSE di Washington, Presiden AS Ronald Reagan terkesan dan secara rasmi mengisytiharkan ia \"kepentingan negara\" untuk memperkenalkan HDTV ke AS. <> Bilakah sistem MUSE ditunjukkan di AS dahulu? || 1981 <> Apakah nisbah aspek yang digunakan oleh sistem MUSE apabila ditunjukkan pada tahun 1981? || 5: 3 <> Presiden mana yang menyatakannya \"kepentingan negara\" untuk memperkenalkan HDTV ke AS? || Presiden Ronald Reagan <> Sistem mana yang ditunjukkan di Amerika Syarikat untuk kali pertama pada tahun 1981? || MUSE <> Sistem mana yang ditunjukkan di Washington kepada Presiden Ronald Reagan? || MUSE <> Kapan sistem MUSE ditunjukkan di UK dahulu? || <> Apakah nisbah aspek yang digunakan oleh sistem MUSE apabila ditunjukkan pada tahun 1988? || <> Yang mana presiden mengisytiharkan ia \"kepentingan negara\" untuk memperkenalkan SDTV ke Amerika Syarikat? || <> Sistem mana yang ditunjukkan di UK untuk kali pertama pada tahun 1981? || <> Sistem mana yang ditunjukkan di Washington kepada Presiden Bush? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the MUSE system demonstrated in the US first?", "id": "56f9e4999e9bad19000a0b41", "answers": [{"text": "1981", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What aspect ratio did the MUSE system use when demonstrated in 1981?", "id": "56f9e4999e9bad19000a0b42", "answers": [{"text": "5:3", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which president declared it \"a matter of national interest\" to introduce HDTV to the US?", "id": "56f9e4999e9bad19000a0b43", "answers": [{"text": "President Ronald Reagan", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which system was demonstrated in the US for the first time in 1981?", "id": "56f9e4999e9bad19000a0b44", "answers": [{"text": "MUSE", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which system was demonstrated in Washington to President Ronald Reagan?", "id": "56f9e4999e9bad19000a0b45", "answers": [{"text": "MUSE", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1981", "answer_start": 3}], "question": " When was the MUSE system demonstrated in the UK first?", "id": "5ad3ac19604f3c001a3febab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "5:3", "answer_start": 98}], "question": "What aspect ratio did the MUSE system use when demonstrated in 1988?", "id": "5ad3ac19604f3c001a3febac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "President Ronald Reagan", "answer_start": 195}], "question": "Which president declared it \"a matter of national interest\" to introduce SDTV to the US?", "id": "5ad3ac19604f3c001a3febad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "MUSE", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "Which system was demonstrated in the UK for the first time in 1981?", "id": "5ad3ac19604f3c001a3febae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "MUSE", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "Which system was demonstrated in Washington to President Bush?", "id": "5ad3ac19604f3c001a3febaf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it \"a matter of national interest\" to introduce HDTV to the US."}], ["Pada tahun 1958, Kesatuan Soviet telah membangunkan Transformer (Rusia: Transformer, yang bermaksud Transformer), sistem televisyen resolusi tinggi (definisi) yang pertama yang mampu menghasilkan imej yang terdiri daripada 1,125 garis resolusi yang bertujuan menyediakan telekonferensi untuk arahan tentera. Ia merupakan projek penyelidikan dan sistem itu tidak pernah digunakan oleh penyiaran tentera atau pengguna. <> Pada akhirnya apakah sistem Transformator Union Soviet yang digunakan? || projek penyelidikan <> Bilakah Soviet Union mengembangkan Transformator? || 1958 <> Siapa yang mengembangkan Transformator pada tahun 1958? || Uni Soviet <> Berapa banyak garis resolusi yang boleh menggunakan imej sistem Transformator? || 1,125 <> Apakah matlamat sistem Transformator? || menyediakan telekonferensi untuk arahan ketenteraan <> Pada akhirnya apakah sistem Transformator Kesatuan Soviet yang digunakan? || <> Bilakah Kesatuan Soviet tidak membangun Transformator? || <> Siapa yang membangunkan Transformator pada tahun 1988? || <> Berapa banyak garis resolusi yang boleh menggunakan imej Transformator tidak pernah ada sistem? || <> Apakah matlamat sistem bukan Transformator? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In the end what was the Soviet Union's Transformator system used for?", "id": "56f9e1b39b226e1400dd15de", "answers": [{"text": "a research project", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Soviet Union develop Transformator?", "id": "56f9e1b39b226e1400dd15df", "answers": [{"text": "1958", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who developed Transformator in 1958?", "id": "56f9e1b39b226e1400dd15e0", "answers": [{"text": "the Soviet Union", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many lines of resolution could an image using the Transformator system have?", "id": "56f9e1b39b226e1400dd15e1", "answers": [{"text": "1,125", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the goal of the Transformator system?", "id": "56f9e1b39b226e1400dd15e2", "answers": [{"text": "providing teleconferencing for military command", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "research project", "answer_start": 289}], "question": "In the end what was the Non-Soviet Union's Transformator system used for?", "id": "5ad3aaea604f3c001a3feb61", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1958", "answer_start": 3}], "question": " When did the Soviet Union not develop Transformator?", "id": "5ad3aaea604f3c001a3feb62", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Soviet Union", "answer_start": 13}], "question": " Who developed Transformator in 1988?", "id": "5ad3aaea604f3c001a3feb63", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1,125", "answer_start": 196}], "question": " How many lines of resolution could an image using the Transformator never system have?", "id": "5ad3aaea604f3c001a3feb64", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "providing teleconferencing for military command", "answer_start": 231}], "question": " What was the goal of the non-Transformator system?", "id": "5ad3aaea604f3c001a3feb65", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1958, the Soviet Union developed \u0422ransformator (Russian: \u0422\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system was never deployed by either the military or consumer broadcasting."}], ["Sejak penggunaan mod penghantaran media HDTV lebar lebar (DVB) pada awal tahun 2000an; sistem NTSC (dan PAL-M) 525, serta sistem PAL dan SECAM 625 bar, kini dianggap sebagai sistem televisyen definisi standard. <> Bilakah mod penghantaran HDTV widescreen secara rasmi diterima pakai? || awal tahun 2000 <> Sebagai tambahan kepada sistem PAL 625, apa sistem Eropah dianggap sistem televisyen definisi standard? || Sistem SECAM <> Sebagai tambahan kepada sistem NTSC, apa sistem talian 525 dianggap sistem televisyen definisi standard? || Sistem PAL-M <> 525 dan 625 kini dipertimbangkan apa? || sistem televisyen definisi standard <> Apakah DVD berdiri? || <> Bilakah mode transmisi SDTV skrin lebar secara rasmi diterima pakai? || <> Sebagai tambahan kepada sistem PAL 625-line, apakah sistem Asia dianggap sistem televisyen definisi standard? || <> Sebagai tambahan kepada sistem NTSC, apa sistem talian 525 dianggap sebagai sistem televisyen definisi tinggi? || Sistem> 525 dan 625 tidak dipertimbangkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was widescreen HDTV transmission modes formally adopted?", "id": "56f9de7f9e9bad19000a0b2e", "answers": [{"text": "early 2000s", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to the 625-line PAL system, what European system is considered a standard definition television system?", "id": "56f9de7f9e9bad19000a0b2f", "answers": [{"text": "SECAM systems", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to the NTSC system, what 525-line system is considered a standard definition television system?", "id": "56f9de7f9e9bad19000a0b30", "answers": [{"text": "PAL-M", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "525 and 625-line systems are now considered what?", "id": "56f9de7f9e9bad19000a0b31", "answers": [{"text": "standard definition television systems", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "digital video broadcasting's", "answer_start": 29}], "question": "What does DVD stand for?", "id": "5ad3aa61604f3c001a3feb3b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "early 2000s", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "When was widescreen SDTV transmission modes formally adopted?", "id": "5ad3aa61604f3c001a3feb3c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "SECAM systems", "answer_start": 199}], "question": "In addition to the 625-line PAL system, what Asian system is considered a standard definition television system?", "id": "5ad3aa61604f3c001a3feb3d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "PAL-M", "answer_start": 142}], "question": "In addition to the NTSC system, what 525-line system is considered a high definition television system?", "id": "5ad3aa61604f3c001a3feb3e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "standard definition television systems", "answer_start": 234}], "question": " 525 and 625-line systems are not considered what?", "id": "5ad3aa61604f3c001a3feb3f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems."}], ["Siaran warna bermula pada resolusi yang sama lebih tinggi, pertama dengan sistem warna NTSC Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 1953, yang serasi dengan sistem monokrom terdahulu dan oleh itu mempunyai resolusi 525 yang sama. Piawaian Eropah tidak mengikuti hingga tahun 1960-an, apabila sistem warna PAL dan SECAM ditambahkan ke siaran talian monokrom 625. <> Tahun apa siaran warna bermula di AS? || 1953, <> Berapa banyak resolusi resolusi sistem warna NTSC AS pada tahun 1953? || 525 <> Bilakah Eropah memulakan siaran warna? || 1960-an <> PAL dan SECAM adalah sistem warna di mana? || Eropah <> Berapa banyak resolusi garis adalah siaran monokrom Eropah? || 625 <> Berapa tahun siaran hitam dan putih bermula di Amerika Syarikat? || <> Berapa banyak resolusi sistem warna UK NTSC pada tahun 1953? || <> Bilakah Asia memulakan siaran warna? || <> PAL dan SECAM adalah sistem hitam dan putih di mana? || <> Berapa banyak resolusi garis adalah siaran warna Eropah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did color broadcasts start in the US?", "id": "56f9dacd9e9bad19000a0b19", "answers": [{"text": "1953,", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many lines of resolution did the US NTSC color system have in 1953?", "id": "56f9dacd9e9bad19000a0b1a", "answers": [{"text": "525", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Europe begin color broadcasts?", "id": "56f9dacd9e9bad19000a0b1b", "answers": [{"text": "1960s", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The PAL and SECAM were color systems where?", "id": "56f9dacd9e9bad19000a0b1c", "answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many lines of resolution were the European monochrome broadcasts?", "id": "56f9dacd9e9bad19000a0b1d", "answers": [{"text": "625", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1953", "answer_start": 98}], "question": "What year did black and white broadcasts start in the US?", "id": "5ad3a94e604f3c001a3feb0f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "525", "answer_start": 188}], "question": "How many lines of resolution did the UK NTSC color system have in 1953?", "id": "5ad3a94e604f3c001a3feb10", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1960s", "answer_start": 257}], "question": " When did Asia begin color broadcasts?", "id": "5ad3a94e604f3c001a3feb11", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "European", "answer_start": 213}], "question": " The PAL and SECAM were black and white systems where?", "id": "5ad3a94e604f3c001a3feb12", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "625", "answer_start": 330}], "question": "How many lines of resolution were the European color broadcasts?", "id": "5ad3a94e604f3c001a3feb13", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Colour broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the monochrome 625 line broadcasts."}], ["Pada tahun 1979, penyiar negara Jepun NHK pertama kali membangunkan televisyen definisi pengguna dengan nisbah aspek paparan 5: 3. Sistem ini, yang dikenali sebagai Hi-Vision atau MUSE selepas pengkodelan sampingan sub-Nyquist Pelbagai untuk pengekodan isyarat, diperlukan dua kali lebar jalur sistem NTSC yang ada tetapi disediakan kira-kira empat kali resolusi (1080i / 1125 baris). Siaran uji satelit bermula pada tahun 1989, dengan ujian teratur mulai tahun 1991 dan penyiaran tetap BS-9ch bermula pada 25 November 1994, yang menampilkan pameran komersial dan NHK. <> Dalam tahun apakah NHK pertama kali membangunkan televisyen HD pengguna dengan nisbah aspek 5: 3? || 1979 <> Siapa yang pertama mengembangkan televisyen HD pengguna dengan nisbah aspek 5: 3? || penyiar negara Jepun NHK <> Bilakah siaran uji satelit Hi-Vision bermula? || 1989 <> Bilakah penyiaran biasa BS-9ch bermula? || 25 November 1994 <> Bilakah pengujian Hi-Vision bermula? || 1991 <> Dalam tahun apakah NHK pertama kali membangunkan televisyen SD pengguna dengan nisbah aspek 5: 3? || <> Siapa yang pertama mengembangkan televisyen HD pengguna dengan nisbah aspek 1: 3? || <> Bilakah siaran ujian satelit mula-Vision bermula? || <> Bilakah penyiaran biasa BS-8ch bermula? || <> Bilakah ujian biasa bermula Lo-Vision? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did NHK first develop consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?", "id": "56f9e38a9e9bad19000a0b37", "answers": [{"text": "1979", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who first developed consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?", "id": "56f9e38a9e9bad19000a0b38", "answers": [{"text": "the Japanese state broadcaster NHK", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did satellite test broadcasts of Hi-Vision start?", "id": "56f9e38a9e9bad19000a0b39", "answers": [{"text": "1989", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did regular broadcasting of BS-9ch start?", "id": "56f9e38a9e9bad19000a0b3a", "answers": [{"text": "November 25, 1994", "answer_start": 500}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did regular testing of Hi-Vision start?", "id": "56f9e38a9e9bad19000a0b3b", "answers": [{"text": "1991", "answer_start": 446}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1979", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "In what year did NHK first develop consumer SD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?", "id": "5ad3abec604f3c001a3feb97", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Japanese state broadcaster", "answer_start": 13}], "question": "Who first developed consumer HD television with a 1:3 aspect ratio?", "id": "5ad3abec604f3c001a3feb98", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1989", "answer_start": 407}], "question": " When did satellite test broadcasts of lo-Vision start?", "id": "5ad3abec604f3c001a3feb99", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "November 25, 1994", "answer_start": 500}], "question": " When did regular broadcasting of BS-8ch start?", "id": "5ad3abec604f3c001a3feb9a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1991", "answer_start": 446}], "question": " When did regular testing of Lo-Vision start?", "id": "5ad3abec604f3c001a3feb9b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1080i/1125 lines). Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989, with regular testing starting in 1991 and regular broadcasting of BS-9ch commencing on November 25, 1994, which featured commercial and NHK programming."}], ["Istilah definisi tinggi sekali menggambarkan satu siri sistem televisyen yang berasal dari bulan Ogos 1936; Walau bagaimanapun, sistem ini hanya definisi tinggi apabila dibandingkan dengan sistem terdahulu yang berdasarkan sistem mekanikal dengan hanya 30 resolusi garisan. Persaingan yang berterusan antara syarikat dan negara untuk mencipta \"HDTV\" benar merentas seluruh abad ke-20, kerana setiap sistem baru menjadi lebih HD daripada yang terakhir. Pada permulaan abad ke 21, perlumbaan ini diteruskan dengan sistem 4k, 5k dan 8K semasa . <> Istilah \"definisi tinggi\" pada mulanya menggambarkan sistem televisyen dari tahun berapa? || 1936 <> Sistem televisyen terdahulu berdasarkan apa? || sistem mekanikal dengan hanya 30 baris resolusi <> Selama mana seluruh abad adalah syarikat dan negara yang cuba mencapai HDTV sebenar? || 20th <> Dalam abad yang mana 4k, 5k, dan 8k diperkenalkan? || 21st <> Apakah perkembangan sistem HDTV terkini? || 8K <> Apa yang berlaku pada tahun 1935? || <> Istilah \"definisi tinggi\" yang asalnya menggambarkan vcrs dari tahun berapa? || <> Sistem televisyen terdahulu tidak berasaskan apa? || <> Sepanjang mana abad ke seluruhnya adalah syarikat dan negara yang cuba mencapai SDTV yang benar? || <> Dalam abad berapa sistem diperkenalkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "The term \"high definition\" originally described televisions systems from what year?", "id": "56f9d73f9e9bad19000a0b05", "answers": [{"text": "1936", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Earlier television systems were based on what?", "id": "56f9d73f9e9bad19000a0b06", "answers": [{"text": "mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During which entire century were companies and nations trying to achieve true HDTV?", "id": "56f9d73f9e9bad19000a0b07", "answers": [{"text": "20th", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century were 4k, 5k, and 8k systems introduced?", "id": "56f9d73f9e9bad19000a0b08", "answers": [{"text": "21st", "answer_start": 441}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the most current HDTV system development?", "id": "56f9d73f9e9bad19000a0b09", "answers": [{"text": "8K", "answer_start": 503}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "high definition", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "What came out in 1935?", "id": "5ad3a1dc604f3c001a3fe9ff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1936", "answer_start": 95}], "question": "The term \"high definition\" originally described vcrs from what year?", "id": "5ad3a1dc604f3c001a3fea00", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution", "answer_start": 202}], "question": " Earlier television systems were not based on what?", "id": "5ad3a1dc604f3c001a3fea01", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "20th", "answer_start": 355}], "question": "During which entire century were companies and nations trying to achieve true SDTV?", "id": "5ad3a1dc604f3c001a3fea02", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "21st", "answer_start": 441}], "question": " In what century were 10k systems introduced?", "id": "5ad3a1dc604f3c001a3fea03", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to create true \"HDTV\" spanned the entire 20th century, as each new system became more HD than the last.In the beginning of the 21st century, this race has continued with 4k, 5k and current 8K systems."}], ["Nippon H\u014ds\u014d Ky\u014dkai (NHK, Perbadanan Penyiaran Jepun) mula menjalankan penyelidikan untuk \"membuka kunci mekanisme asas interaksi video dan bunyi dengan lima deria manusia\" pada tahun 1964, selepas Sukan Olimpik Tokyo. NHK menetapkan untuk mewujudkan satu sistem HDTV yang akhirnya menjaringkan lebih tinggi dalam ujian subjektif daripada sebelumnya yang digelar \"HDTV\" sebelum ini. Sistem baru ini, NHK Color, yang dibuat pada tahun 1972, termasuk 1125 baris, nisbah aspek 5: 3 dan kadar refresh 60 Hz. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), yang diketuai oleh Charles Ginsburg, menjadi kuasa ujian dan kajian untuk teknologi HDTV di teater antarabangsa. SMPTE akan menguji sistem HDTV dari syarikat yang berbeza dari perspektif yang dapat difikirkan, tetapi masalah menggabungkan format yang berbeza mengganggu teknologi selama bertahun-tahun. <> Apa yang dipanggil Perbadanan Penyiaran Jepun? || Nippon H\u014ds\u014d Ky\u014dkai <> Apakah NHK berdiri di Jepun? || Nippon H\u014ds\u014d Ky\u014dkai <> Tahun apa warna NHK dibuat? || 1972 <> Apakah nisbah aspek warna NHK? || 5: 3 <> Organisasi apa yang menjadi kuasa untuk menguji dan mengkaji teknologi HDTV antarabangsa? || Persatuan Jurugambar Gambar dan Televisyen Jurutera (SMPTE) <> Apa yang dipanggil Perbadanan Penyiaran China? || <> Apakah NHK berdiri di China? || <> Tahun apa NHK Hitam dan Putih dicipta? || <> Apakah nisbah aspek NHK hitam dan putih? || <> Organisasi apa yang menjadi kuasa untuk menguji dan mengkaji teknologi SDTV antarabangsa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Japan Broadcasting Corporation called?", "id": "56f9dbea9b226e1400dd15ca", "answers": [{"text": "Nippon H\u014ds\u014d Ky\u014dkai", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does NHK stand for in Japan?", "id": "56f9dbea9b226e1400dd15cb", "answers": [{"text": "Nippon H\u014ds\u014d Ky\u014dkai", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was NHK Color created?", "id": "56f9dbea9b226e1400dd15cc", "answers": [{"text": "1972", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the aspect ratio of the NHK Color?", "id": "56f9dbea9b226e1400dd15cd", "answers": [{"text": "5:3", "answer_start": 420}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization became the authority on testing and studying international HDTV technology? ", "id": "56f9dbea9b226e1400dd15ce", "answers": [{"text": "The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE)", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nippon H\u014ds\u014d Ky\u014dkai", "answer_start": 4}], "question": " What is the Chinese Broadcasting Corporation called?", "id": "5ad3a985604f3c001a3feb19", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nippon H\u014ds\u014d Ky\u014dkai", "answer_start": 4}], "question": " What does NHK stand for in China?", "id": "5ad3a985604f3c001a3feb1a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1972", "answer_start": 391}], "question": " What year was NHK Black and White created?", "id": "5ad3a985604f3c001a3feb1b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "5:3", "answer_start": 420}], "question": " What was the aspect ratio of the NHK black and white?", "id": "5ad3a985604f3c001a3feb1c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers", "answer_start": 465}], "question": "What organization became the authority on testing and studying international SDTV technology?", "id": "5ad3a985604f3c001a3feb1d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Nippon H\u014ds\u014d Ky\u014dkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to \"unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with the five human senses\" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than NTSC's previously dubbed \"HDTV\". This new system, NHK Color, created in 1972, included 1125 lines, a 5:3 aspect ratio and 60 Hz refresh rate. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), headed by Charles Ginsburg, became the testing and study authority for HDTV technology in the international theater. SMPTE would test HDTV systems from different companies from every conceivable perspective, but the problem of combining the different formats plagued the technology for many years."}], ["Perkhidmatan TV definisi tinggi Britain memulakan percubaan pada bulan Ogos 1936 dan perkhidmatan tetap pada 2 November 1936 menggunakan kedua-dua scan mekanikal Baird 240 line (kemudiannya secara tidak sengaja dikenali sebagai 'progresif') dan (elektronik) Marconi-EMI 405 sistem interlaced line. Sistem Baird telah dihentikan pada bulan Februari 1937. Pada tahun 1938 Perancis diikuti dengan sistem 441 mereka sendiri, variannya juga digunakan oleh beberapa negara lain. Sistem NTSC 525 AS bergabung pada tahun 1941. Pada tahun 1949 Perancis memperkenalkan piawaian resolusi yang lebih tinggi pada baris 819, sistem yang sepatutnya menjadi definisi tinggi walaupun mengikut piawaian hari ini, tetapi hanya monokrom dan batasan teknikal pada masa yang dicegah ia dari mencapai takrif yang sepatutnya mampu. Semua sistem ini menggunakan interlacing dan nisbah aspek 4: 3 kecuali sistem 240-baris yang progresif (sebenarnya diterangkan pada masa itu dengan istilah yang berturut-turut \"berturut-turut\") dan sistem 405 yang bermula sebagai 5: 4 dan kemudian berubah menjadi 4: 3. Sistem 405-line mengadopsi (pada masa itu) idea revolusioner mengimbas interlaced untuk mengatasi masalah kerlipan baris 240 dengan kadar bingkai 25 Hznya. Sistem 240 baris boleh mempunyai dua kali ganda kadar bingkai tetapi ini bermakna bahawa isyarat yang dihantar akan mempunyai dua kali ganda dalam bandwidth, satu pilihan yang tidak boleh diterima kerana bandwidth jalur lebar video diperlukan tidak melebihi 3 MHz. <> Siapa yang memulakan ujian pada bulan Ogos 1936? || Perkhidmatan TV definisi tinggi British <> Bilakah sistem Baird dihentikan? || Februari 1937 <> Negara manakah yang membangun sistem 441? || Perancis <> Apa yang menghalang sistem talian 819 Perancis daripada mencapai definisi yang mampu? || had teknikal masa <> Sistem mana yang digunakan untuk mengimbas interlaced untuk membetulkan masalah kerlipan baris 240? || Sistem 405-line <> Siapa yang memulakan ujian pada bulan September 1936? || <> Bilakah sistem Baird dibuat? || <> Negara manakah yang membangun sistem 941? || <> Apa yang menghalang sistem talian 919 Perancis daripada mencapai takrif yang mampu? || <> Sistem mana yang digunakan mengimbas interlaced untuk membetulkan masalah kerlipan baris 940? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who started trials in August 1936?", "id": "56f9d96b9e9bad19000a0b0f", "answers": [{"text": "The British high-definition TV service", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Baird system discontinued?", "id": "56f9d96b9e9bad19000a0b10", "answers": [{"text": "February 1937", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which country developed the 441-line system?", "id": "56f9d96b9e9bad19000a0b11", "answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What prevented France's 819-line system from achieving the definition it was capable of?", "id": "56f9d96b9e9bad19000a0b12", "answers": [{"text": "the technical limitations of the time", "answer_start": 679}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which system used interlaced scanning to correct the flicker problem of the 240-line?", "id": "56f9d96b9e9bad19000a0b13", "answers": [{"text": "405-line system", "answer_start": 1061}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "British high-definition", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Who started trials in September 1936?", "id": "5ad3a213604f3c001a3fea09", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "February 1937", "answer_start": 322}], "question": " When was the Baird system created?", "id": "5ad3a213604f3c001a3fea0a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 345}], "question": " Which country developed the 941-line system?", "id": "5ad3a213604f3c001a3fea0b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "technical limitations of the time", "answer_start": 683}], "question": "What prevented France's 919-line system from achieving the definition it was capable of?", "id": "5ad3a213604f3c001a3fea0c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "405-line", "answer_start": 1061}], "question": "Which system used interlaced scanning to correct the flicker problem of the 940-line?", "id": "5ad3a213604f3c001a3fea0d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued in February 1937. In 1938 France followed with their own 441-line system, variants of which were also used by a number of other countries. The US NTSC 525-line system joined in 1941. In 1949 France introduced an even higher-resolution standard at 819 lines, a system that should have been high definition even by today's standards, but was monochrome only and the technical limitations of the time prevented it from achieving the definition of which it should have been capable. All of these systems used interlacing and a 4:3 aspect ratio except the 240-line system which was progressive (actually described at the time by the technically correct term \"sequential\") and the 405-line system which started as 5:4 and later changed to 4:3. The 405-line system adopted the (at that time) revolutionary idea of interlaced scanning to overcome the flicker problem of the 240-line with its 25 Hz frame rate. The 240-line system could have doubled its frame rate but this would have meant that the transmitted signal would have doubled in bandwidth, an unacceptable option as the video baseband bandwidth was required to be not more than 3 MHz."}], ["Standardisasi HDTV analog yang terhad pada tahun 1990-an tidak menyebabkan penggunaan HDTV global sebagai kekangan teknikal dan ekonomi pada masa itu tidak membenarkan HDTV menggunakan jalur lebar lebih besar daripada televisyen biasa. <> Apakah kekangan yang menjadikan HDTV daripada diterima secara meluas pada tahun 90-an? || teknikal dan ekonomi <> Apakah HDTV tidak dibenarkan untuk dilakukan pada tahun 90-an? || gunakan jalur lebar lebih besar daripada televisyen biasa <> Apakah kekangan yang memelihara SDTV daripada diterima secara meluas pada tahun 90-an? || <> Apakah SDTV tidak dibenarkan dilakukan pada tahun 90-an? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What constraints kept HDTV from being widely adopted in the 90's?", "id": "56f9e7ab9b226e1400dd15fc", "answers": [{"text": "technical and economic", "answer_start": 96}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was HDTV not permitted to do in the 90's?", "id": "56f9e7ab9b226e1400dd15fd", "answers": [{"text": "use bandwidths greater than normal television", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "technical and economic", "answer_start": 96}], "question": "What constraints kept SDTV from being widely adopted in the 90's?", "id": "5ad3ac5e604f3c001a3febbf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "use bandwidths greater than normal television", "answer_start": 166}], "question": " What was SDTV not permitted to do in the 90's?", "id": "5ad3ac5e604f3c001a3febc0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The limited standardization of analog HDTV in the 1990s did not lead to global HDTV adoption as technical and economic constraints at the time did not permit HDTV to use bandwidths greater than normal television."}], ["Ia juga termasuk format imbasan HD 1440 \u00d7 1152 alternatif. (Menurut beberapa laporan, format 750-line (720p) yang digemari (720 garis-garis yang diolah secara progresif) dilihat oleh beberapa di ITU sebagai format televisyen yang dipertingkat berbanding format HDTV yang benar, dan tidak termasuk, walaupun 1920 \u00d7 1080i dan sistem 1280 \u00d7 720p untuk pelbagai bingkai dan kadar lapangan ditentukan oleh beberapa piawaian SMPTE AS.) <> Format imbasan apa juga termasuk dalam MBAFF? || 1440 \u00d7 1152 HDMAC <> Apa yang dilihat oleh sesetengahnya sebagai format televisyen yang dipertingkat dan format HDTV tidak benar? || sebuah baris 750 baris <> A 750 baris barisan dilihat oleh beberapa di ITU sebagai apa? || format televisyen yang dipertingkat <> Apakah 1920x1080i dan 1280x720p yang ditakrifkan oleh? || Standard AS SMPTE <> Format imbasan apa yang tidak pernah dimasukkan dalam MBAFF? || <> Apa yang dilihat oleh beberapa orang sebagai format televisyen yang dipertingkat dan format SDTV yang tidak benar? || <> Satu barisan 750 baris dilihat oleh beberapa di IEU sebagai apa? || <> Apakah 1920x1080i dan 1280x720p tidak ditakrifkan oleh? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What scan format is also included in MBAFF?", "id": "56fa74058f12f31900630149", "answers": [{"text": "1440\u00d71152 HDMAC", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was viewed by some as enhanced television format and not true HDTV format?", "id": "56fa74058f12f3190063014a", "answers": [{"text": "a mooted 750-line", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A mooted 750-line was seen by some at the ITU as what?", "id": "56fa74058f12f3190063014b", "answers": [{"text": "an enhanced television format", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were 1920x1080i and 1280x720p defined by?", "id": "56fa74058f12f3190063014c", "answers": [{"text": "US SMPTE standards", "answer_start": 379}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1440\u00d71152", "answer_start": 33}], "question": "What scan format is never included in MBAFF?", "id": "5ad3b528604f3c001a3fedab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mooted 750-line", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "What was viewed by some as enhanced television format and not true SDTV format?", "id": "5ad3b528604f3c001a3fedac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "enhanced television format", "answer_start": 192}], "question": " A mooted 750-line was seen by some at the IEU as what?", "id": "5ad3b528604f3c001a3fedad", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "US SMPTE standards", "answer_start": 379}], "question": " What were 1920x1080i and 1280x720p not defined by?", "id": "5ad3b528604f3c001a3fedae", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "It also includes the alternative 1440\u00d71152 HDMAC scan format. (According to some reports, a mooted 750-line (720p) format (720 progressively scanned lines) was viewed by some at the ITU as an enhanced television format rather than a true HDTV format, and so was not included, although 1920\u00d71080i and 1280\u00d7720p systems for a range of frame and field rates were defined by several US SMPTE standards.)"}], ["Di samping itu, rakaman dan mengeluarkan semula isyarat HDTV merupakan cabaran teknikal yang penting pada tahun-tahun awal HDTV (Sony HDVS). Jepun kekal satu-satunya negara dengan penyiaran awam HDTV analog yang berjaya, dengan tujuh penyiar berkongsi saluran tunggal. <> Berapa banyak penyiar Jepun telah berkongsi saluran tunggal? || tujuh <> Negara manakah yang telah berjaya penyiaran HDTV analog awam? || Jepun <> Apa yang sangat mencabar pada tahun-tahun awal HDTV? || merakam dan mengeluarkan semula isyarat HDTV <> Apakah prestasi di awal HDTV yang dilakukan oleh Jepun? || satu-satunya negara yang berjaya penyiaran awam HDTV analog <> Berapa banyak penyiar yang membuat Jepun berkongsi saluran pelbagai? || <> Negara mana yang pernah berjaya penyiaran SDTV analog awam? || <> Apa yang sangat mencabar pada tahun-tahun awal SDTV? || <> Apa prestasi di SDTV awal adakah Jepun mempunyai? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many broadcasters did Japan have sharing a single channel?", "id": "56f9eaae8f12f3190062fff1", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which country had successful public analog HDTV broadcasting?", "id": "56f9eaae8f12f3190062fff2", "answers": [{"text": "Japan", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was particularly challenging in the early years of HDTV?", "id": "56f9eaae8f12f3190062fff3", "answers": [{"text": "recording and reproducing an HDTV signal", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What accomplishment in early HDTV did Japan have?", "id": "56f9eaae8f12f3190062fff4", "answers": [{"text": "the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 221}], "question": " How many broadcasters did Japan have sharing a multi channel?", "id": "5ad3b065604f3c001a3fec9f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Japan", "answer_start": 132}], "question": " Which country had successful public analog SDTV broadcasting?", "id": "5ad3b065604f3c001a3feca0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "recording and reproducing", "answer_start": 13}], "question": " What was particularly challenging in the early years of SDTV?", "id": "5ad3b065604f3c001a3feca1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the only country with successful public broadcasting", "answer_start": 147}], "question": "What accomplishment in early SDTV did Japan have?", "id": "5ad3b065604f3c001a3feca2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In addition, recording and reproducing an HDTV signal was a significant technical challenge in the early years of HDTV (Sony HDVS). Japan remained the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV, with seven broadcasters sharing a single channel."}], ["DVB mewujudkan piawaian pertama untuk TV satelit digital DVB-S, TV kabel digital DVB-C dan TV terestrial digital DVB-T. Sistem penyiaran ini boleh digunakan untuk kedua-dua SDTV dan HDTV. Di AS, Grand Alliance mengusulkan ATSC sebagai standard baru untuk SDTV dan HDTV. Kedua-dua ATSC dan DVB didasarkan pada standard MPEG-2, walaupun sistem DVB juga boleh digunakan untuk menghantar video menggunakan standard mampatan H.264 / MPEG-4 AVC yang lebih baru dan lebih cekap. Biasa untuk semua piawaian DVB adalah penggunaan teknik modulasi yang sangat efisien untuk mengurangkan jalur lebar lebih jauh, dan terutama sekali untuk mengurangkan keperluan perkakasan dan antena penerima. <> Apa yang dikatakan Grand Alliance sebagai standard baru untuk SDTV dan HDTV? || ATSC <> Yang mana standardnya adalah ATSC dan DVB? || MPEG-2 <> Siapa yang mencipta standard untuk DVB-2, DVB-C, dan DVB-T? || DVB <> Siapa yang mencadangkan ATSC sebagai standard baru untuk SDTV dan HDTV? || Grand Alliance", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the Grand Alliance propose as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV?", "id": "56f9ed16f34c681400b0beef", "answers": [{"text": "ATSC", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which standard were ATSC and DVB based on?", "id": "56f9ed16f34c681400b0bef0", "answers": [{"text": "MPEG-2", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created the standard for DVB-2, DVB-C, and DVB-T?", "id": "56f9ed16f34c681400b0bef1", "answers": [{"text": "DVB", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV?", "id": "56f9ed16f34c681400b0bef2", "answers": [{"text": "the Grand Alliance", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "DVB created first the standard for DVB-S digital satellite TV, DVB-C digital cable TV and DVB-T digital terrestrial TV. These broadcasting systems can be used for both SDTV and HDTV. In the US the Grand Alliance proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV. Both ATSC and DVB were based on the MPEG-2 standard, although DVB systems may also be used to transmit video using the newer and more efficient H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression standards. Common for all DVB standards is the use of highly efficient modulation techniques for further reducing bandwidth, and foremost for reducing receiver-hardware and antenna requirements."}], ["Eksperimen komersial HDTV awal, seperti MUSE NHK, memerlukan lebih daripada empat kali lebar jalur penyiaran definisi standard. Walaupun usaha untuk mengurangkan HDTV analog kepada kira-kira dua kali jalur lebar SDTV, format televisyen ini masih boleh diagihkan hanya oleh satelit. <> Berapa banyak bandwidth yang diperlukan daripada percubaan komersial HDTV awal daripada siaran SD? || lebih dari empat kali <> Usaha dibuat untuk mengurangkan HDTV analog ke berapa banyak bandwidth SDTV? || kira-kira dua kali <> Walaupun bandwith dikurangkan, format HDTV masih perlu diedarkan bagaimana? || oleh satelit <> Ujian apa jenis eksperimen yang diperlukan selama empat kali dengan penyebaran SDTV? || Eksperimen komersial HDTV awal <> Berapakah jumlah bandwith yang diperlukan daripada eksperimen komersial SDTV awal daripada siaran SD? || <> Usaha telah dibuat untuk mengurangkan SDTV analog kepada berapa banyak rangkaian SDTV? || <> Walaupun bandwith dikurangkan, format SDTV masih perlu diedarkan bagaimana? || <> Jenis eksperimen apa yang diperlukan lebih daripada lima kali dengan penyebaran SDTV? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How much more bandwith was required from early HDTV commercial experiments than an SD broadcast?", "id": "56f9e9128f12f3190062ffdf", "answers": [{"text": "over four times", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Efforts were made to reduce analog HDTV to how much of the bandwith of SDTV?", "id": "56f9e9128f12f3190062ffe0", "answers": [{"text": "about twice", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Despite the reduced bandwith, HDTV format still had to be distributed how?", "id": "56f9e9128f12f3190062ffe1", "answers": [{"text": "by satellite", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of experiments required over four times the bandwith of a SDTV broadcast?", "id": "56f9e9128f12f3190062ffe2", "answers": [{"text": "Early HDTV commercial experiments", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "four times", "answer_start": 69}], "question": "How much more bandwith was required from early SDTV commercial experiments than an SD broadcast?", "id": "5ad3ac8b604f3c001a3febc3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "twice", "answer_start": 182}], "question": "Efforts were made to reduce analog SDTV to how much of the bandwith of SDTV?", "id": "5ad3ac8b604f3c001a3febc4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "satellite", "answer_start": 269}], "question": "Despite the reduced bandwith, SDTV format still had to be distributed how?", "id": "5ad3ac8b604f3c001a3febc5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Early HDTV commercial experiments", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What kind of experiments required over five times the bandwith of a SDTV broadcast?", "id": "5ad3ac8b604f3c001a3febc6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite."}], ["Sejak 1972, sektor telekomunikasi radio Kesatuan Telekomunikasi Antarabangsa (ITU-R) telah berusaha mewujudkan cadangan global untuk Analog HDTV. Walau bagaimanapun, cadangan-cadangan ini tidak sesuai di dalam kumpulan penyiaran yang boleh menjangkau pengguna rumah. Penyeragaman MPEG-1 pada tahun 1993 juga membawa kepada penerimaan cadangan ITU-R BT.709. Dengan menjangkakan piawaian ini, organisasi Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) dibentuk, persekutuan penyiar, pengeluar elektronik pengguna dan badan pengawalseliaan. DVB membangun dan bersetuju dengan spesifikasi yang secara rasmi diseragamkan oleh ETSI. <> Apa yang berlaku untuk ITU-R? || Sektor telekomunikasi radio Kesatuan Telekomunikasi Antarabangsa <> Apakah DVB berdiri? || Penyiaran Video Digital <> Apakah DVB itu? || satu pakatan penyiar, pengeluar elektronik pengguna dan badan kawal selia <> Apakah peranan DVB itu? || membangunkan dan bersetuju dengan spesifikasi <> Siapa yang menyeragamkan spesifikasi HDTV? || ETSI <> Apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh ETU-R? || <> Apakah DVD itu? || <> Apakah peranan DVD itu? || <> Siapa yang menyeragamkan spesifikasi SDTV? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What does ITU-R stand for?", "id": "56f9ebe18f12f3190062fff9", "answers": [{"text": "International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does DVB stand for?", "id": "56f9ebe18f12f3190062fffa", "answers": [{"text": "Digital Video Broadcasting", "answer_start": 399}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the DVB?", "id": "56f9ebe18f12f3190062fffb", "answers": [{"text": "an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the DVB's role?", "id": "56f9ebe18f12f3190062fffc", "answers": [{"text": "develops and agrees upon specifications", "answer_start": 552}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who standardizes HDTV specifications?", "id": "56f9ebe18f12f3190062fffd", "answers": [{"text": "ETSI", "answer_start": 627}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "International Telecommunication Union's", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "What does ETU-R stand for?", "id": "5ad3b2f6604f3c001a3fed2d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies", "answer_start": 457}], "question": " What is the DVD?", "id": "5ad3b2f6604f3c001a3fed2f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "develops and agrees upon specifications", "answer_start": 552}], "question": "What is the DVD's role?", "id": "5ad3b2f6604f3c001a3fed30", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ETSI", "answer_start": 627}], "question": " Who standardizes SDTV specifications?", "id": "5ad3b2f6604f3c001a3fed31", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acceptance of recommendations ITU-R BT.709. In anticipation of these standards the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) organisation was formed, an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies. The DVB develops and agrees upon specifications which are formally standardised by ETSI."}], ["Pada tahun 1983, sektor telekomunikasi radio Kesatuan Telekomunikasi Antarabangsa (ITU-R) telah menubuhkan sebuah parti kerja (IWP11 / 6) dengan matlamat menetapkan piawai HDTV antarabangsa tunggal. Salah satu daripada isu-isu yang lebih penting berkenaan dengan kadar bingkai / padang semula yang sesuai, dunia sudah berpecah kepada dua kem, 25/50 Hz dan 30/60 Hz, sebahagian besarnya disebabkan oleh perbezaan frekuensi utama. Pihak kerja IWP11 / 6 menganggap banyak pandangan dan sepanjang 1980-an berkhidmat untuk menggalakkan pembangunan di beberapa kawasan pemprosesan digital video, penukaran tidak kurang antara kedua-dua kadar bingkai / medan utama menggunakan vektor gerakan, yang membawa kepada perkembangan selanjutnya di kawasan lain. Walaupun piawai HDTV komprehensif tidak pada akhirnya ditubuhkan, perjanjian pada nisbah aspek telah dicapai. <> Bilakah ITU-R mulai berusaha untuk menetapkan standard HDTV antarabangsa tunggal? || 1983 <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh ITU-R sejak 1983? || menetapkan piawai HDTV antarabangsa tunggal <> Apa salah satu isu dengan menetapkan piawai HDTV tunggal? || kadar bingkai / padang refresh yang sesuai <> Apa yang digunakan sebagai penukaran antara dua kadar bingkai / medan utama? || vektor gerakan <> Berapakah kadar bingkai / medan digunakan terutamanya pada tahun 1983? || dua <> Bilakah ITU-R mula berusaha untuk menetapkan standard DVD antarabangsa tunggal? || <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh ITU-R sejak 1981? || <> Apakah salah satu isu dengan menetapkan standard DVD tunggal? || <> Apa yang digunakan sebagai penukaran antara tiga kadar bingkai / medan utama? || <> Berapa banyak kadar bingkai / padang digunakan terutamanya pada tahun 1981? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did ITU-R start trying to work towards setting a single international HDTV standard?", "id": "56fa6e23f34c681400b0c0b7", "answers": [{"text": "1983", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did ITU-R start trying to do in 1983?", "id": "56fa6e23f34c681400b0c0b8", "answers": [{"text": "setting a single international HDTV standard", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was one of the issues with setting a single HDTV standard?", "id": "56fa6e23f34c681400b0c0b9", "answers": [{"text": "a suitable frame/field refresh rate", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was used as a conversion between the two main frame/field rates?", "id": "56fa6e23f34c681400b0c0ba", "answers": [{"text": "motion vectors", "answer_start": 601}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many frame/field rates were primarily being used in 1983?", "id": "56fa6e23f34c681400b0c0bb", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1983", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did ITU-R start trying to work towards setting a single international DVD standard?", "id": "5ad3b3a7604f3c001a3fed5d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "working party", "answer_start": 102}], "question": " What did ITU-R start trying to do in 1981?", "id": "5ad3b3a7604f3c001a3fed5e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps", "answer_start": 227}], "question": "What was one of the issues with setting a single DVD standard?", "id": "5ad3b3a7604f3c001a3fed5f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "motion vectors", "answer_start": 601}], "question": "What was used as a conversion between the three main frame/field rates?", "id": "5ad3b3a7604f3c001a3fed60", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 298}], "question": "How many frame/field rates were primarily being used in 1981?", "id": "5ad3b3a7604f3c001a3fed61", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz and 30/60 Hz, largely due to the differences in mains frequency. The IWP11/6 working party considered many views and throughout the 1980s served to encourage development in a number of video digital processing areas, not least conversion between the two main frame/field rates using motion vectors, which led to further developments in other areas. While a comprehensive HDTV standard was not in the end established, agreement on the aspect ratio was achieved."}], ["Teknologi HDTV diperkenalkan di Amerika Syarikat pada akhir 1980-an dan dijadikan rasmi pada tahun 1993 oleh Digital HDTV Grand Alliance, kumpulan televisyen, peralatan elektronik, syarikat komunikasi yang terdiri daripada AT & T Bell Labs, Instrumen Umum, Philips, Sarnoff, Thomson, Zenith dan Institut Teknologi Massachusetts. Pengujian lapangan HDTV di 199 tapak di Amerika Syarikat telah selesai pada 14 Ogos 1994. Siaran HDTV awam pertama di Amerika Syarikat berlaku pada 23 Julai 1996 ketika Raleigh, stesen televisyen North Carolina WRAL-HD mula menyiarkan dari menara yang ada dari WRAL-TV tenggara Raleigh, memenangi perlumbaan untuk menjadi yang pertama dengan Stesen Model HD di Washington, DC, yang memulakan penyiaran 31 Julai 1996 dengan panggilan calls WHD-TV, berasaskan kemudahan yang dimiliki dan dikendalikan oleh NBC WRC -TV. Sistem HDTV Jawatankuasa Sistem Televisyen Lanjutan Amerika (ATSC) telah dilancarkan secara terbuka pada 29 Oktober 1998, semasa liputan langsung misi pulang angkasa John Glenn ke ruang angkasa Discovery Space Shuttle. Isyarat itu dihantar ke pantai-ke-pantai, dan dilihat oleh orang ramai di pusat-pusat sains, dan teater awam lain yang dilengkapi dengan peralatan untuk menerima dan memaparkan siaran. <> Bilakah HDTV diperkenalkan di AS? || akhir 1980-an <> Siapa yang membuat rasmi HDTV pada tahun 1993? || Digital HDTV Grand Alliance <> AT & T, Philips, Zenith, dan MIT, antara lain, membentuk kumpulan apa yang berusia 90an? || Digital HDTV Grand Alliance <> Bilakah siaran HDTV awam pertama berlaku di Amerika Syarikat? || 23 Julai 1996 <> Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh ATSC? || Jawatankuasa Sistem Televisyen Lanjutan <> Bilakah SDTV diperkenalkan di AS? || <> Siapa yang membuat rasmi SDTV pada tahun 1993? || <> AT & T, Philips, Zenith, dan MIT, antara lain, membentuk kumpulan apa yang berusia 50 tahun? || <> Bilakah penyiaran HDTV awam yang terakhir berlaku di AS? || <> Apa yang dimaksud STSC? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was HDTV introduced in the US?", "id": "56fa7909f34c681400b0c0cb", "answers": [{"text": "late 1980s", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who made HDTV official in 1993?", "id": "56fa7909f34c681400b0c0cc", "answers": [{"text": "the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "AT&T, Philips, Zenith, and MIT, among others, made up what group in the 90's?", "id": "56fa7909f34c681400b0c0cd", "answers": [{"text": "the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the first public HDTV broadcast happen in the US?", "id": "56fa7909f34c681400b0c0ce", "answers": [{"text": "July 23, 1996", "answer_start": 485}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does ATSC stand for?", "id": "56fa7909f34c681400b0c0cf", "answers": [{"text": "Advanced Television Systems Committee", "answer_start": 857}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "late 1980s", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "When was SDTV introduced in the US?", "id": "5ad3b5af604f3c001a3fedcf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance", "answer_start": 99}], "question": " Who made SDTV official in 1993?", "id": "5ad3b5af604f3c001a3fedd0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Digital HDTV Grand Alliance", "answer_start": 103}], "question": " AT&T, Philips, Zenith, and MIT, among others, made up what group in the 50's?", "id": "5ad3b5af604f3c001a3fedd1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "July 23, 1996", "answer_start": 485}], "question": " When did the last public HDTV broadcast happen in the US?", "id": "5ad3b5af604f3c001a3fedd2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Advanced Television Systems Committee", "answer_start": 857}], "question": " What does STSC stand for?", "id": "5ad3b5af604f3c001a3fedd3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "HDTV technology was introduced in the United States in the late 1980s and made official in 1993 by the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance, a group of television, electronic equipment, communications companies consisting of AT&T Bell Labs, General Instrument, Philips, Sarnoff, Thomson, Zenith and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Field testing of HDTV at 199 sites in the United States was completed August 14, 1994. The first public HDTV broadcast in the United States occurred on July 23, 1996 when the Raleigh, North Carolina television station WRAL-HD began broadcasting from the existing tower of WRAL-TV southeast of Raleigh, winning a race to be first with the HD Model Station in Washington, D.C., which began broadcasting July 31, 1996 with the callsign WHD-TV, based out of the facilities of NBC owned and operated station WRC-TV. The American Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) HDTV system had its public launch on October 29, 1998, during the live coverage of astronaut John Glenn's return mission to space on board the Space Shuttle Discovery. The signal was transmitted coast-to-coast, and was seen by the public in science centers, and other public theaters specially equipped to receive and display the broadcast."}], ["Beberapa sistem dicadangkan sebagai standard baru untuk AS, termasuk sistem MUSE Jepun, tetapi semua telah ditolak oleh FCC kerana keperluan bandwidth yang lebih tinggi. Pada masa ini, bilangan saluran televisyen berkembang dengan pesat dan jalur lebar sudah menjadi masalah. Satu standard baru perlu lebih cekap, memerlukan jalur lebar kurang untuk HDTV daripada NTSC sedia ada. <> Mengapa sistem menolak FCC seperti MUSE? || keperluan jalur lebar yang lebih tinggi <> Apa yang semakin meningkat dan memakan banyak jalur lebar? || saluran televisyen <> Siapa yang menolak sistem seperti MUSE sebagai standard baru untuk AS? || FCC <> Apakah salah satu keperluan untuk sistem standard baru di Amerika Syarikat? || perlu lebih cekap, memerlukan jalur lebar kurang <> Apakah sistem yang ada pada masa itu? || NTSC <> Mengapa sistem menolak ECC seperti MUSE? || <> Apa yang berkurangan dan memakan banyak jalur lebar? || <> Siapa yang menolak sistem seperti MUSE sebagai standard lama untuk AS? || <> Apakah salah satu keperluan untuk sistem standard lama di Amerika Syarikat? || <> Apa sistem yang ada pada masa itu? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Why did the FCC reject systems such as MUSE?", "id": "56f9e6119b226e1400dd15f2", "answers": [{"text": "their higher bandwidth requirements", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was increasing and consuming a lot of bandwidth?", "id": "56f9e6119b226e1400dd15f3", "answers": [{"text": "television channels", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who rejected systems such as MUSE as the new standard for the US?", "id": "56f9e6119b226e1400dd15f4", "answers": [{"text": "the FCC", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was one of the requirements for a new standard system in the US?", "id": "56f9e6119b226e1400dd15f5", "answers": [{"text": "had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the existing system at the time?", "id": "56f9e6119b226e1400dd15f6", "answers": [{"text": "NTSC", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "higher bandwidth requirements", "answer_start": 148}], "question": "Why did the ECC reject systems such as MUSE?", "id": "5ad3ac48604f3c001a3febb5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "television channels", "answer_start": 207}], "question": " What was decreasing and consuming a lot of bandwidth?", "id": "5ad3ac48604f3c001a3febb6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "FCC", "answer_start": 127}], "question": "Who rejected systems such as MUSE as the old standard for the US?", "id": "5ad3ac48604f3c001a3febb7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "had to be more efficient", "answer_start": 299}], "question": "What was one of the requirements for an old standard system in the US?", "id": "5ad3ac48604f3c001a3febb8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "NTSC", "answer_start": 375}], "question": " What wasn't the existing system at the time?", "id": "5ad3ac48604f3c001a3febb9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth for HDTV than the existing NTSC."}], ["Nisbah aspek 5: 3 yang sedia ada adalah calon utama tetapi disebabkan oleh pengaruh pawagam layar lebar, nisbah aspek 16: 9 (1.78) akhirnya muncul sebagai kompromi yang munasabah antara 5: 3 (1.67) dan 1.85 bersama format pawagam skrin lebar. Nisbah aspek 16: 9 sepatutnya dipersetujui pada mesyuarat pertama parti kerja IWP11 / 6 di penubuhan Penyelidikan dan Pembangunan BBC di Kingswood Warren. Rujukan ITU-R yang dihasilkan ITU-R BT.709-2 (\"Rekod 709\") termasuk nisbah aspek 16: 9, warna kolimetri yang ditetapkan, dan mod imbas 1080i (1,080 talian sambungan resolusi yang aktif) dan 1080p (1,080 garis yang diimbas secara progresif). Percubaan British Freeview HD menggunakan MBAFF, yang mengandungi kedua-dua kandungan progresif dan interlaced dalam pengekodan yang sama. <> Apakah nisbah aspek telah dipersetujui kerana pengaruh pawagam layar lebar? || 16: 9 <> Siapa yang bersetuju dengan nisbah aspek 16: 9? || parti kerja IWP11 / 6 <> Apakah faktor utama dalam nisbah aspek 16: 9 dipilih? || pawagam skrin lebar <> Pengekodan mana yang mengandungi kandungan progresif dan bersambung? || MBAFF <> Rasio aspek mana yang menjadi kegemaran awal? || 5: 3 <> Apakah nisbah aspek telah dipersetujui kerana pengaruh pawagam skrin penuh? || <> Siapa yang bersetuju dengan nisbah aspek 11: 9? || <> Apakah faktor utama dalam nisbah aspek 11: 9 yang dipilih? || <> Pengekodan mana yang mengandungi kedua-dua kandungan tidak progresif dan bersambung? || <> Rasio aspek mana yang paling kegemaran? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What aspect ratio was agreed upon due to the influence of widescreen cinema?", "id": "56fa6fd3f34c681400b0c0c1", "answers": [{"text": "16:9", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who agreed upon the 16:9 aspect ratio?", "id": "56fa6fd3f34c681400b0c0c2", "answers": [{"text": "the IWP11/6 working party", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was a leading factor in the 16:9 aspect ratio being chosen?", "id": "56fa6fd3f34c681400b0c0c3", "answers": [{"text": "widescreen cinema", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which encoding contains both progressive and interlaced content?", "id": "56fa6fd3f34c681400b0c0c4", "answers": [{"text": "MBAFF", "answer_start": 706}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which aspect ratio was the early favorite?", "id": "56fa6fd3f34c681400b0c0c5", "answers": [{"text": "5:3", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "16:9", "answer_start": 133}], "question": "What aspect ratio was agreed upon due to the influence of full screen cinema?", "id": "5ad3b4db604f3c001a3fed85", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "IWP11/6 working party", "answer_start": 335}], "question": " Who agreed upon the 11:9 aspect ratio?", "id": "5ad3b4db604f3c001a3fed86", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "widescreen cinema", "answer_start": 236}], "question": " What was a leading factor in the 11:9 aspect ratio being chosen?", "id": "5ad3b4db604f3c001a3fed87", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "MBAFF", "answer_start": 706}], "question": " Which encoding contains both not progressive and interlaced content?", "id": "5ad3b4db604f3c001a3fed88", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "5:3", "answer_start": 205}], "question": " Which aspect ratio was the late favorite?", "id": "5ad3b4db604f3c001a3fed89", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format. An aspect ratio of 16:9 was duly agreed upon at the first meeting of the IWP11/6 working party at the BBC's Research and Development establishment in Kingswood Warren. The resulting ITU-R Recommendation ITU-R BT.709-2 (\"Rec. 709\") includes the 16:9 aspect ratio, a specified colorimetry, and the scan modes 1080i (1,080 actively interlaced lines of resolution) and 1080p (1,080 progressively scanned lines). The British Freeview HD trials used MBAFF, which contains both progressive and interlaced content in the same encoding."}], ["Sistem 50 Hz menyokong tiga kadar pengimbasan: 50i, 25p dan 50p. Sistem 60 Hz menyokong set kadar bingkai yang lebih luas: 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p dan 60p. Pada zaman televisyen definisi standard, kadar pecahan kerap dibulatkan ke seluruh nombor, contohnya. 23.976p sering dipanggil 24p, atau 59.94i sering dipanggil 60i. Televisyen definisi tinggi 60 Hz menyokong kedua-dua kadar integer pecahan dan sedikit berbeza, oleh itu penggunaan penggunaan ketat diperlukan untuk mengelakkan kekaburan. Walau bagaimanapun, 29.97i / 59.94i hampir seluruhnya dipanggil 60i, begitu juga 23.976p dipanggil 24p. <> Apakah tiga kadar pengimbasan yang menyokong sistem 50 Hz? || 50i, 25p dan 50p <> Sistem mana yang menyokong 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p, dan 60p || 60 Hz <> Kadar fraksional televisyen SD sering dibundarkan kepada apa? || nombor penuh <> Keterangan ketat diperlukan dengan kadar pecahan HD untuk menghindari apa? || kekaburan", {"qas": [{"question": "What three scanning rates do 50 Hz systems support?", "id": "56fa97178f12f3190063017f", "answers": [{"text": "50i, 25p and 50p", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which system suports 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p, and 60p", "id": "56fa97178f12f31900630180", "answers": [{"text": "60 Hz", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "SD television fractional rates were often rounded to what?", "id": "56fa97178f12f31900630181", "answers": [{"text": "whole numbers", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Strict notation is required with HD fractional rates to avoid what?", "id": "56fa97178f12f31900630182", "answers": [{"text": "ambiguity", "answer_start": 500}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "50 Hz systems support three scanning rates: 50i, 25p and 50p. 60 Hz systems support a much wider set of frame rates: 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p and 60p. In the days of standard definition television, the fractional rates were often rounded up to whole numbers, e.g. 23.976p was often called 24p, or 59.94i was often called 60i. 60 Hz high definition television supports both fractional and slightly different integer rates, therefore strict usage of notation is required to avoid ambiguity. Nevertheless, 29.97i/59.94i is almost universally called 60i, likewise 23.976p is called 24p."}], ["Siaran HDTV Eropah pertama ini menggunakan format 1080i dengan pemampatan MPEG-2 pada isyarat DVB-S dari satelit Astra 1H SES. Penghantaran Euro1080 kemudian diubah kepada pemampatan MPEG-4 / AVC pada isyarat DVB-S2 sejajar dengan saluran siaran berikutnya di Eropah. <> Format apakah yang digunakan oleh siaran HDTV Eropah pertama? || Format 1080i <> Apakah mampatan yang digunakan oleh siaran HDTV Eropah pertama? || MPEG-2 <> Isyarat apa yang digunakan oleh siaran HDTV Eropah pertama? || DVB-S <> Apakah mampatan yang dilakukan Euro1080 kemudian berubah? || MPEG-4 / AVC <> Isyarat apa yang telah diubah Euro1080 kemudian? || DVB-S2 <> Format apakah yang digunakan oleh siaran elektronik SDTV pertama? || <> Apakah mampatan yang digunakan oleh siaran HDTV Asia pertama? || <> Isyarat apa yang digunakan oleh siaran elektronik SDTV pertama? || <> Apakah mampatan yang dilakukan Euro1180 kemudian berubah? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What format did the first European HDTV broadcast use?", "id": "56fa81d38f12f31900630165", "answers": [{"text": "1080i format", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What compression did the first European HDTV broadcast use?", "id": "56fa81d38f12f31900630166", "answers": [{"text": "MPEG-2", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What signal did the first European HDTV broadcast use?", "id": "56fa81d38f12f31900630167", "answers": [{"text": "DVB-S", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What compression did Euro1080 later change to?", "id": "56fa81d38f12f31900630168", "answers": [{"text": "MPEG-4/AVC", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What signal did Euro1080 later change to?", "id": "56fa81d38f12f31900630169", "answers": [{"text": "DVB-S2", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1080i format", "answer_start": 46}], "question": "What format did the first European SDTV broadcast use?", "id": "5ad3bc2d604f3c001a3feee9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "MPEG-2", "answer_start": 64}], "question": " What compression did the first Asian HDTV broadcast use?", "id": "5ad3bc2d604f3c001a3feeea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "DVB-S", "answer_start": 88}], "question": " What signal did the first European SDTV broadcast use?", "id": "5ad3bc2d604f3c001a3feeeb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "MPEG-4/AVC", "answer_start": 172}], "question": " What compression did Euro1180 later change to?", "id": "5ad3bc2d604f3c001a3feeec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "These first European HDTV broadcasts used the 1080i format with MPEG-2 compression on a DVB-S signal from SES's Astra 1H satellite. Euro1080 transmissions later changed to MPEG-4/AVC compression on a DVB-S2 signal in line with subsequent broadcast channels in Europe."}], ["Pada Disember 2009, United Kingdom menjadi negara Eropah pertama yang menggunakan kandungan definisi tinggi menggunakan standard transmisi DVB-T2 yang baru, seperti yang dinyatakan dalam D-book Digital TV Group (DTG), mengenai televisyen darat digital. <> Yang negara Eropah yang pertama menggunakan kandungan HD menggunakan standard DVB-T2 yang baru? || United Kingdom <> Kapan UK menggunakan kandungan HD menggunakan standard penghantaran DVB-T2 baru? || Disember 2009 <> Apakah standard penghantaran yang dimulakan UK pada Disember 2009? || DVB-T2 <> Apa yang DTG berdiri? || Kumpulan TV Digital <> Negara mana yang pertama negara Eropah menggunakan kandungan SD menggunakan standard DVB-T2 yang baru? || <> Bilakah UK menggunakan kandungan SD menggunakan standard penghantaran DVB-T2 yang baru? || <> Apakah standard penghantaran apakah yang dimulakan oleh AS pada bulan Disember 2009? || <> Apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh DTD? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Which European country first deployed HD content using the new DVB-T2 standard?", "id": "56fa85dd8f12f3190063016f", "answers": [{"text": "the United Kingdom", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the UK deploy HD content using the new DVB-T2 transmission standard?", "id": "56fa85dd8f12f31900630170", "answers": [{"text": "December 2009", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What transmission standard did the UK start using in December 2009?", "id": "56fa85dd8f12f31900630171", "answers": [{"text": "DVB-T2", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does DTG stand for?", "id": "56fa85dd8f12f31900630172", "answers": [{"text": "Digital TV Group", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "United Kingdom", "answer_start": 21}], "question": "Which European country first deployed SD content using the new DVB-T2 standard?", "id": "5ad3bee3604f3c001a3fef4b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "December 2009", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did the UK deploy SD content using the new DVB-T2 transmission standard?", "id": "5ad3bee3604f3c001a3fef4c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "DVB", "answer_start": 118}], "question": "What transmission standard did the US start using in December 2009?", "id": "5ad3bee3604f3c001a3fef4d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Digital TV Group", "answer_start": 168}], "question": " What does DTD stand for?", "id": "5ad3bee3604f3c001a3fef4e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In December 2009 the United Kingdom became the first European country to deploy high definition content using the new DVB-T2 transmission standard, as specified in the Digital TV Group (DTG) D-book, on digital terrestrial television."}], ["Perkhidmatan Freeview HD pada masa ini mengandungi 10 saluran HD (sehingga Disember 2013 [kemas kini]) dan dilancarkan rantau mengikut wilayah di seluruh UK selaras dengan proses pemindahan digital, akhirnya selesai pada Oktober 2012. Namun, Freeview HD bukanlah perkhidmatan HDTV pertama melalui televisyen terestrial digital di Eropah; <> Berapa banyak saluran HD yang memuat perkhidmatan Freeview HD sehingga Disember 2013? || 10 <> Bilakah proses penggantian digital selesai di UK? || Oktober 2012 <> Perkhidmatan mana yang mengandungi 10 saluran HD dan selesai pelancarannya pada bulan Oktober 2012? || Freeview HD <> Bagaimana perkhidmatan Freeview HD dilancarkan di UK? || rantau mengikut rantau <> Berapa banyak saluran SD yang dimuatkan perkhidmatan Freeview SD pada Disember 2013? || <> Bilakah proses penggantian digital selesai di AS? || <> Perkhidmatan mana yang mengandungi 10 saluran HD dan selesai pelancarannya pada Oktober 2022? || <> Bagaimana perkhidmatan Freeview HD dilancarkan di AS? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How many HD channels did the Freeview HD service contain as of December 2013?", "id": "56fa88b8f34c681400b0c0e7", "answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the digital switchover process completed in the UK?", "id": "56fa88b8f34c681400b0c0e8", "answers": [{"text": "October 2012", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which service contains 10 HD channels and finished its roll out in October 2012?", "id": "56fa88b8f34c681400b0c0e9", "answers": [{"text": "Freeview HD", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How was the Freeview HD service rolled out in the UK?", "id": "56fa88b8f34c681400b0c0ea", "answers": [{"text": "region by region", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 43}], "question": "How many SD channels did the Freeview SD service contain as of December 2013?", "id": "5ad3bf36604f3c001a3fef53", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "October 2012", "answer_start": 216}], "question": " When was the digital switchover process completed in the US?", "id": "5ad3bf36604f3c001a3fef54", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Freeview HD", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "Which service contains 10 HD channels and finished its roll out in October 2022?", "id": "5ad3bf36604f3c001a3fef55", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "region by region", "answer_start": 107}], "question": "How was the Freeview HD service rolled out in the US?", "id": "5ad3bf36604f3c001a3fef56", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Freeview HD service currently contains 10 HD channels (as of December 2013[update]) and was rolled out region by region across the UK in accordance with the digital switchover process, finally being completed in October 2012. However, Freeview HD is not the first HDTV service over digital terrestrial television in Europe;"}], ["Pemancaran HDTV pertama di Eropah, walaupun tidak langsung ke rumah, bermula pada tahun 1990, apabila penyiar Itali RAI menggunakan teknologi HD-MAC dan MUSE HDTV untuk menyiarkan Piala Dunia FIFA 1990. Perlawanan itu ditunjukkan di 8 pawagam di Itali dan 2 di Sepanyol. Sambungan dengan Sepanyol dibuat melalui sambungan satelit Olympus dari Roma ke Barcelona dan kemudian dengan sambungan serat optik dari Barcelona ke Madrid. Selepas beberapa penghantaran HDTV di Eropah standard ditinggalkan pada pertengahan 1990-an. <> Bilakah transmisi HDTV pertama berlaku di Eropah? || 1990 <> Apa acara yang disiarkan HDTV pertama di Eropah? || Piala Dunia FIFA <> Bilakah Eropah meninggalkan penghantaran standard? || pertengahan 1990-an <> Di mana Piala Dunia FIFA dapat ditonton di HDTV? || 8 pawagam di Itali dan 2 di Sepanyol <> Bilakah transmisi SDTV pertama berlaku di Eropah? || <> Bilakah Eropah tidak meninggalkan penghantaran standard? || <> Di mana Piala Dunia FIFA dapat ditonton di SDTV? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the first HDTV transmissions happen in Europe?", "id": "56fa7a6cf34c681400b0c0d5", "answers": [{"text": "1990", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What event was the first HDTV broadcast in Europe?", "id": "56fa7a6cf34c681400b0c0d6", "answers": [{"text": "FIFA World Cup", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Europe abandon standard transmission?", "id": "56fa7a6cf34c681400b0c0d7", "answers": [{"text": "mid-1990s", "answer_start": 485}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the FIFA World Cup able to be watched in HDTV?", "id": "56fa7a6cf34c681400b0c0d8", "answers": [{"text": "8 cinemas in Italy and 2 in Spain", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "FIFA World Cup", "answer_start": 180}], "question": "When did the first SDTV transmissions happen in Europe?", "id": "5ad3b998604f3c001a3fee76", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mid-1990s", "answer_start": 485}], "question": " When did Europe not abandon standard transmission?", "id": "5ad3b998604f3c001a3fee77", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "8 cinemas in Italy and 2 in Spain", "answer_start": 222}], "question": " Where was the FIFA World Cup able to be watched in SDTV?", "id": "5ad3b998604f3c001a3fee78", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The first HDTV transmissions in Europe, albeit not direct-to-home, began in 1990, when the Italian broadcaster RAI used the HD-MAC and MUSE HDTV technologies to broadcast the 1990 FIFA World Cup. The matches were shown in 8 cinemas in Italy and 2 in Spain. The connection with Spain was made via the Olympus satellite link from Rome to Barcelona and then with a fiber optic connection from Barcelona to Madrid. After some HDTV transmissions in Europe the standard was abandoned in the mid-1990s."}], ["Siaran biasa pertama bermula pada 1 Januari 2004 apabila syarikat Belgium Euro1080 melancarkan saluran HD1 dengan Konsert Tahun Baru Vienna tradisional. Pengiriman ujian telah aktif sejak pameran IBC pada September 2003, tetapi siaran Hari Tahun Baru menandakan pelancaran rasmi saluran HD1, dan permulaan rasmi HDTV langsung ke rumah di Eropah. <> Bilakah siaran biasa bermula di Eropah? || 1 Januari 2004 <> Acara apa yang disiarkan pertama kali pada 1 Januari 2004? || Konsert Tahun Baru Vienna <> Hari Siaran Tahun Baru secara rasmi melancarkan saluran mana? || HD1 <> Bilakah ujian penghantaran HDTV bermula di Eropah? || September 2003 <> Syarikat Eropah mana yang melancarkan HD1? || Euro1080 <> Bilakah siaran tidak tetap bermula di Eropah? || <> Acara apa yang disiarkan pertama kali pada 1 Mac 2004? || <> Siaran Hari Tahun Baru secara rasmi tidak melancarkan saluran mana? || <> Bilakah ujian penghantaran SDTV bermula di Eropah? || <> Mana syarikat Eropah yang melancarkan SD1? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did regular broadcasts start in Europe?", "id": "56fa7b568f12f31900630151", "answers": [{"text": "January 1, 2004", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What event was first broadcasted on January 1, 2004?", "id": "56fa7b568f12f31900630152", "answers": [{"text": "Vienna New Year's Concert", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The New Year's Day broadcast officially launched which channel?", "id": "56fa7b568f12f31900630153", "answers": [{"text": "HD1", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did test transmissions of HDTV begin in Europe?", "id": "56fa7b568f12f31900630154", "answers": [{"text": "September 2003", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which European company launched HD1?", "id": "56fa7b568f12f31900630155", "answers": [{"text": "Euro1080", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "January 1, 2004", "answer_start": 40}], "question": "When did non-regular broadcasts start in Europe?", "id": "5ad3ba09604f3c001a3fee91", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Vienna New Year's Concert", "answer_start": 136}], "question": " What event was first broadcasted on March 1, 2004?", "id": "5ad3ba09604f3c001a3fee92", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "HD1", "answer_start": 103}], "question": " The New Year's Day broadcast officially did not launch which channel?", "id": "5ad3ba09604f3c001a3fee93", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "September 2003", "answer_start": 226}], "question": " When did test transmissions of SDTV begin in Europe?", "id": "5ad3ba09604f3c001a3fee94", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Euro1080", "answer_start": 81}], "question": "Which European company launched SD1?", "id": "5ad3ba09604f3c001a3fee95", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The first regular broadcasts started on January 1, 2004 when the Belgian company Euro1080 launched the HD1 channel with the traditional Vienna New Year's Concert. Test transmissions had been active since the IBC exhibition in September 2003, but the New Year's Day broadcast marked the official launch of the HD1 channel, and the official start of direct-to-home HDTV in Europe."}], ["Sekiranya ketiga-tiga parameter tersebut digunakan, ia dinyatakan dalam bentuk berikut: [saiz bingkai] [sistem imbasan] [bingkai atau kadar lapangan] atau [bingkai saiz] / [bingkai atau kadar lapangan] [sistem pengimbasan] Selalunya, saiz bingkai atau kadar bingkai boleh dijatuhkan jika nilainya tersirat dari konteks. Dalam kes ini, parameter angka yang tersisa ditentukan terlebih dahulu, diikuti dengan sistem pengimbasan. <> Apakah tiga parameter HDTV? || [saiz bingkai] [sistem imbasan] [bingkai atau kadar medan] <> Mana dua parameter yang boleh digugurkan jika nilainya tersirat dari konteks? || saiz bingkai atau kadar bingkai <> Bilakah saiz bingkai atau spesifikasi parameter kadar bingkai dijatuhkan? || jika nilainya tersirat dari konteks <> Apabila parameter dijatuhkan, parameter nombor yang selebihnya ditentukan dahulu, diikuti dengan apa? || sistem pengimbasan <> Apakah tiga parameter SDTV? || <> Yang dua parameter tidak boleh digugurkan jika nilainya tersirat dari konteks? || <> Bilakah saiz bingkai atau spesifikasi parameter kadar bingkai tidak dijatuhkan? || <> Apabila parameter dijatuhkan, parameter angka yang tersisa ditentukan terakhir, diikuti dengan apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the three HDTV parameters?", "id": "56fa8b328f12f31900630177", "answers": [{"text": "[frame size][scanning system][frame or field rate]", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which two parameters can be dropped if its value is implied from context?", "id": "56fa8b328f12f31900630178", "answers": [{"text": "frame size or frame rate", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When can the frame size or frame rate parameter specification be dropped?", "id": "56fa8b328f12f31900630179", "answers": [{"text": "if its value is implied from context", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When a parameter is dropped, the remaining numeric parameter is specified first, followed by what?", "id": "56fa8b328f12f3190063017a", "answers": [{"text": "the scanning system", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "[frame size][scanning system][frame or field rate] or [frame size]", "answer_start": 76}], "question": "What are the three SDTV parameters?", "id": "5ad3c44c604f3c001a3fefa9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "frame size or frame rate", "answer_start": 207}], "question": "Which two parameters can't be dropped if its value is implied from context?", "id": "5ad3c44c604f3c001a3fefaa", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "value is implied from context", "answer_start": 254}], "question": "When can the frame size or frame rate parameter specification be not dropped?", "id": "5ad3c44c604f3c001a3fefab", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "scanning system", "answer_start": 367}], "question": "When a parameter is dropped, the remaining numeric parameter is specified last, followed by what?", "id": "5ad3c44c604f3c001a3fefac", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "If all three parameters are used, they are specified in the following form: [frame size][scanning system][frame or field rate] or [frame size]/[frame or field rate][scanning system].[citation needed] Often, frame size or frame rate can be dropped if its value is implied from context. In this case, the remaining numeric parameter is specified first, followed by the scanning system."}], ["Walaupun terdapat kelewatan di sesetengah negara, bilangan saluran HD Eropah dan penonton telah meningkat dengan mantap sejak siaran HDTV pertama, dengan tinjauan pasaran satelit Suruhanjaya SES untuk 2010 melaporkan lebih daripada 200 saluran komersil yang disiarkan di HD dari satelit Astra, TV berkapasiti 185 juta HD yang dijual di Eropah (\u00a3 60 juta pada tahun 2010 sahaja), dan 20 juta isi rumah (27% dari semua rumah TV satelit digital Eropah) menonton siaran satelit HD (16 juta melalui satelit Astra). <> Menurut tinjauan pasaran satelit Monitor 2010, berapa HD HD yang mampu dijual di Eropah? || 185 juta <> Menurut kaji selidik pasaran Monitor 2010, berapa banyak isi rumah Eropah menonton siaran HD? || 20 juta <> Berapa banyak pound dibelanjakan di Eropah pada TV berkemampuan HD pada tahun 2010? || \u00a3 60 juta <> Sebanyak peratus rumah TV satelit digital Eropah menonton siaran HD pada tahun 2010? || 27% <> Bilangan saluran HD Eropah dan penonton telah melakukan apa yang sejak siaran HDTV pertama? || meningkat dengan mantap <> Menurut kaji selidik pasaran Monitor 2010, berapa banyak TV berkabel SD yang dijual di Eropah? || <> Menurut tinjauan pasaran satelit Monitor 2010, berapa banyak isi rumah Eropah menonton siaran SD? || <> Berapa banyakkah yang dibelanjakan di Eropah pada TV mampu SD pada tahun 2010? || <> Berapa peratuskah rumah TV satelit digital Eropah menonton siaran SD pada tahun 2010? || <> Bilangan saluran HD Eropah dan penonton telah melakukan apa yang sejak siaran SDTV pertama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "According to the 2010 Satellite Monitor market survey, how many HD capable TV's were sold in Europe?", "id": "56fa84e7f34c681400b0c0dd", "answers": [{"text": "185 million", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to the 2010 Satellite Monitor market survey, how many European households were watching HD broadcasts? ", "id": "56fa84e7f34c681400b0c0de", "answers": [{"text": "20 million", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many pounds were spent in Europe on HD capable TVs in 2010?", "id": "56fa84e7f34c681400b0c0df", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a360 million", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of European digital satellite TV homes were watching HD broadcasts in 2010?", "id": "56fa84e7f34c681400b0c0e0", "answers": [{"text": "27%", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The number of European HD channels and viewers has done what since the first HDTV broadcasts?", "id": "56fa84e7f34c681400b0c0e1", "answers": [{"text": "risen steadily", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "185 million", "answer_start": 278}], "question": "According to the 2010 Satellite Monitor market survey, how many SD capable TV's were sold in Europe?", "id": "5ad3bd5f604f3c001a3fef19", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "20 million", "answer_start": 353}], "question": " According to the 2010 Satellite Monitor market survey, how many European households were watching SD broadcasts?", "id": "5ad3bd5f604f3c001a3fef1a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "60 million", "answer_start": 322}], "question": "How many pounds were spent in Europe on SD capable TVs in 2010?", "id": "5ad3bd5f604f3c001a3fef1b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "27%", "answer_start": 376}], "question": "What percentage of European digital satellite TV homes were watching SD broadcasts in 2010?", "id": "5ad3bd5f604f3c001a3fef1c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "risen steadily", "answer_start": 85}], "question": "The number of European HD channels and viewers has done what since the first SDTV broadcasts?", "id": "5ad3bd5f604f3c001a3fef1d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Despite delays in some countries, the number of European HD channels and viewers has risen steadily since the first HDTV broadcasts, with SES's annual Satellite Monitor market survey for 2010 reporting more than 200 commercial channels broadcasting in HD from Astra satellites, 185 million HD capable TVs sold in Europe (\u00a360 million in 2010 alone), and 20 million households (27% of all European digital satellite TV homes) watching HD satellite broadcasts (16 million via Astra satellites)."}], ["Euro1080, sebuah bahagian dari bekas dan kini muflis syarikat perkhidmatan TV Belgium Alfacam, menyiarkan saluran HDTV untuk memecahkan kebuntuan pan-Eropah \"tidak ada siaran HD tidak bermakna tiada HD TV yang dibeli bermakna tidak ada siaran HD ...\" dan minat HDTV yang bermula di Eropah. Saluran HD1 pada awalnya bebas dari udara dan sebahagian besarnya terdiri daripada acara-acara kebudayaan, dramatik, muzik dan lain-lain yang disiarkan dengan lagu-lagu berbilang bahasa pada jadual penggiliran 4 atau 5 jam sehari. <> Euro1080 merupakan pembahagian syarikat bekas? || Alfacam <> Apakah kegagalan \"ayam atau telur\" yang mendorong Euro1080 untuk menyiarkan saluran HDTV? || \"tiada siaran HD bermakna tiada HD TV yang dibeli bermakna tidak ada siaran HD ...\" <> Apa Euro1080 berharap untuk memulakan dengan menyiarkan saluran HDTV? || Kepentingan HDTV di Eropah <> Berapakah jumlah penonton yang perlu bayar untuk saluran HD1? || free-to-air <> Apakah pada HD1 selama 4 atau 5 jam sehari? || lagu soundtrack berbilang bahasa pada jadual bergolek <> Euro180 adalah pembahagian syarikat bekas apa? || <> Apakah kebuntuan \"ayam atau telur\" mendorong Asia1080 untuk menyiarkan saluran HDTV? || <> Apakah Euro1080 berharap dapat memulakan dengan menyiarkan saluran SDTV? || <> Berapakah jumlah penonton yang perlu bayar untuk saluran SD1? || <> Apakah pada SD1 selama 4 atau 5 jam sehari? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Euro1080 was a division of what former company?", "id": "56fa7cba8f12f3190063015b", "answers": [{"text": "Alfacam", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What \"chicken or the egg\" stalemate prompted Euro1080 to broadcast HDTV channels?", "id": "56fa7cba8f12f3190063015c", "answers": [{"text": "\"no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts ...\"", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Euro1080 hoping to kick-start by broadcasting HDTV channels?", "id": "56fa7cba8f12f3190063015d", "answers": [{"text": "HDTV interest in Europe", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did viewers have to pay for the HD1 channel?", "id": "56fa7cba8f12f3190063015e", "answers": [{"text": "free-to-air", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was on HD1 for 4 or 5 hours per day?", "id": "56fa7cba8f12f3190063015f", "answers": [{"text": "a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule", "answer_start": 392}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Alfacam", "answer_start": 80}], "question": "Euro180 was a division of what former company?", "id": "5ad3ba85604f3c001a3feea5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts", "answer_start": 153}], "question": "What \"chicken or the egg\" stalemate prompted Asia1080 to broadcast HDTV channels?", "id": "5ad3ba85604f3c001a3feea6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "HDTV interest in Europe", "answer_start": 235}], "question": "What was Euro1080 hoping to kick-start by broadcasting SDTV channels?", "id": "5ad3ba85604f3c001a3feea7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "free-to-air", "answer_start": 290}], "question": " How much did viewers have to pay for the SD1 channel?", "id": "5ad3ba85604f3c001a3feea8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "multi-lingual soundtrack", "answer_start": 394}], "question": " What was on SD1 for 4 or 5 hours per day?", "id": "5ad3ba85604f3c001a3feea9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Euro1080, a division of the former and now bankrupt Belgian TV services company Alfacam, broadcast HDTV channels to break the pan-European stalemate of \"no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts ...\" and kick-start HDTV interest in Europe. The HD1 channel was initially free-to-air and mainly comprised sporting, dramatic, musical and other cultural events broadcast with a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule of 4 or 5 hours per day."}], ["Sebagai contoh, 1920 \u00d7 1080p25 mengesan format pengimbasan progresif dengan 25 bingkai sesaat, setiap bingkai menjadi 1,920 piksel lebar dan 1,080 piksel tinggi. Notasi 1080i25 atau 1080i50 mengenalpasti format pengimbasan bersambung dengan 25 bingkai (50 medan) sesaat, setiap bingkai menjadi 1,920 piksel lebar dan 1,080 piksel tinggi. Notasi 1080i30 atau 1080i60 mengenalpasti format pengimbasan bersambung dengan 30 bingkai (60 medan) sesaat, setiap bingkai menjadi 1,920 piksel lebar dan 1,080 piksel tinggi. Notasi 720p60 mengenalpasti format pengimbasan progresif dengan 60 bingkai sesaat, setiap bingkai menjadi tinggi 720 piksel; 1,280 piksel secara mendatar tersirat. <> Saiz apa saja setiap bingkai 1920x1080p25? || 1,920 piksel lebar dan 1,080 piksel tinggi <> Konsep 1920x1080p25 mengesan format pengimbasan progresif dengan berapa banyak bingkai sesaat? || 25 <> Konsep 1080i25 atau 1080i50 mengenalpasti format pengimbasan bersambung dengan berapa bingkai sesaat? || 25 <> Konsepsi 1080i30 atau 1080i60 mengenalpasti format pengimbasan interlaced dengan berapa banyak bingkai sesaat? || 30 <> Fungsi 720p60 mengesan format imbasan progresif dengan berapa banyak bingkai sesaat? || 60 <> Saiz apa saja setiap bingkai 120x180p25? || <> Gagasan 580i25 atau 1380i50 mengenalpasti format pengimbasan interlaced dengan bilangan bingkai per saat? || <> Konsep 1030i25 atau 1480i50 mengenalpasti format pengimbasan interlaced dengan bilangan frame per saat? || <> Konsep 1080i30 atau 1080i60 mengenalpasti format pengimbasan interlaced dengan berapa banyak bingkai per minit? || <> Bentuk 720p60 mengesan format imbasan progresif dengan berapa banyak bingkai per minit? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What size is each 1920x1080p25 frame?", "id": "56fa8e4af34c681400b0c0ef", "answers": [{"text": "1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The 1920x1080p25 notion identifies progressive scanning format with how many frames per second?", "id": "56fa8e4af34c681400b0c0f0", "answers": [{"text": "25", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The 1080i25 or 1080i50 notion identifies interlaced scanning format with how many frames per second?", "id": "56fa8e4af34c681400b0c0f1", "answers": [{"text": "25", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The 1080i30 or 1080i60 notion identifies interlaced scanning format with how many frames per second?", "id": "56fa8e4af34c681400b0c0f2", "answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 392}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The 720p60 notion identifies progressive scanning format with how many frames per second?", "id": "56fa8e4af34c681400b0c0f3", "answers": [{"text": "60", "answer_start": 548}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high", "answer_start": 109}], "question": "What size is each 120x180p25 frame?", "id": "5ad3c496604f3c001a3fefbb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "25", "answer_start": 225}], "question": "The 580i25 or 1380i50 notion identifies interlaced scanning format with how many frames per second?", "id": "5ad3c496604f3c001a3fefbc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "25", "answer_start": 225}], "question": "The 1030i25 or 1480i50 notion identifies interlaced scanning format with how many frames per second?", "id": "5ad3c496604f3c001a3fefbd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "30", "answer_start": 392}], "question": "The 1080i30 or 1080i60 notion identifies interlaced scanning format with how many frames per minute?", "id": "5ad3c496604f3c001a3fefbe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "60", "answer_start": 548}], "question": "The 720p60 notion identifies progressive scanning format with how many frames per minute?", "id": "5ad3c496604f3c001a3fefbf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "For example, 1920\u00d71080p25 identifies progressive scanning format with 25 frames per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The 1080i25 or 1080i50 notation identifies interlaced scanning format with 25 frames (50 fields) per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The 1080i30 or 1080i60 notation identifies interlaced scanning format with 30 frames (60 fields) per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The 720p60 notation identifies progressive scanning format with 60 frames per second, each frame being 720 pixels high; 1,280 pixels horizontally are implied."}], ["Format optimum untuk siaran bergantung kepada jenis medium rakaman videografi yang digunakan dan ciri imej. Untuk kesetiaan terbaik kepada sumber nisbah medan, garis, dan bingkai medan yang ditransmisikan sepadan dengan sumber tersebut. <> Format penyiaran yang optimum bergantung pada apa dua perkara? || jenis medium rakaman videografi yang digunakan dan ciri-ciri imej <> Untuk kesetiaan terbaik kepada sumber, apa tiga perkara sepadan dengan sumbernya? || Nisbah medan, garis dan kadar frame yang dipancarkan <> Untuk kesetiaan terbaik kepada sumber, nisbah medan, garis, dan bingkai yang ditransmisikan sepadan dengan apa? || itu sumber <> Jenis media rakaman videografi yang digunakan dan ciri imej menentukan apa? || Format optimum untuk penyiaran <> Suatu format penyiaran yang optimum bergantung kepada tiga perkara? || <> Untuk kesetiaan terbaik kepada sumber, apakah lima perkara sepadan dengan sumbernya? || <> Untuk kesetiaan terbaik kepada sumber, nisbah medan, garis, dan bingkai medan yang ditransmisikan tidak sepadan dengan apa? || <> Jenis media rakaman videografi tidak digunakan dan ciri imej menentukan apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "A broadcasts optimum format depends on what two things?", "id": "56faaa04f34c681400b0c109", "answers": [{"text": "the type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For best fidelity to the source, what three things should match the source? ", "id": "56faaa04f34c681400b0c10a", "answers": [{"text": "transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For best fidelity to the source, the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should match what? ", "id": "56faaa04f34c681400b0c10b", "answers": [{"text": "those of the source", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics determine what?", "id": "56faaa04f34c681400b0c10c", "answers": [{"text": "The optimum format for a broadcast", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the type of videographic recording medium", "answer_start": 48}], "question": " A broadcasts optimum format depends on what three things?", "id": "5ad3c5c4604f3c001a3ff001", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate", "answer_start": 164}], "question": "For best fidelity to the source, what five things should match the source?", "id": "5ad3c5c4604f3c001a3ff002", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "those of the source", "answer_start": 224}], "question": "For best fidelity to the source, the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should not match what?", "id": "5ad3c5c4604f3c001a3ff003", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "optimum format for a broadcast", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "The type of videographic recording medium didn't use and the image's characteristics determine what?", "id": "5ad3c5c4604f3c001a3ff004", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The optimum format for a broadcast depends upon the type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics. For best fidelity to the source the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should match those of the source."}], ["Selain itu, set TV kabel siap sedia dapat memaparkan kandungan HD tanpa menggunakan kotak luaran. Mereka mempunyai penala QAM terbina dalam dan / atau slot kad untuk memasukkan kabelCARD. <> Kandungan HD boleh dipaparkan melalui TV kabel siap sedia tanpa menggunakan apa? || kotak luaran <> Tanpa menggunakan kotak luaran, TV sedia kabel boleh memaparkan apa? || Kandungan HD <> Ciri-ciri apa yang membolehkan TV sedia kabel untuk memaparkan kandungan HD tanpa kotak luaran? || sebuah pembetulan QAM terbina dalam dan / atau slot kad untuk memasukkan CableCARD <> Apa jenis penala terbina dalam akan membolehkan TV sedia kabel untuk memaparkan kandungan HD tanpa kotak luaran? || QAM <> Kad apa jenis yang akan membolehkan TV sedia kabel untuk memaparkan kandungan HD tanpa kotak luaran? || Kandungan kabelCARD <> SD boleh dipaparkan melalui TV kabel siap sedia tanpa menggunakan apa? || <> Tanpa menggunakan kotak dalaman, TV sedia kabel boleh memaparkan apa? || <> Ciri-ciri apa yang membolehkan TV sedia kabel untuk memaparkan kandungan HD tanpa kotak dalaman? || <> Apakah jenis penala terbina dalam ini akan membolehkan TV sedia kabel untuk memaparkan kandungan HD tanpa kotak intenal? || <> Jenis kad apa yang akan membolehkan TV sedia kabel untuk memaparkan kandungan HD tanpa kotak luaran? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "HD content can be displayed by cable-ready TVs without using what?", "id": "56fac7ddf34c681400b0c123", "answers": [{"text": "an external box", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Without using an external box, cable-ready TVs can display what?", "id": "56fac7ddf34c681400b0c124", "answers": [{"text": "HD content", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What features allow the cable-ready TVs to display HD content without an external box?", "id": "56fac7ddf34c681400b0c125", "answers": [{"text": "a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of built-in tuner will allow a cable-ready TV to display HD content without an external box?", "id": "56fac7ddf34c681400b0c126", "answers": [{"text": "QAM", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of card will allow a cable-ready TV to display HD content without an external box?", "id": "56fac7ddf34c681400b0c127", "answers": [{"text": "CableCARD", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "external box", "answer_start": 74}], "question": "SD content can be displayed by cable-ready TVs without using what?", "id": "5ad3c735604f3c001a3ff03b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "HD content", "answer_start": 46}], "question": " Without using an internal box, cable-ready TVs can display what?", "id": "5ad3c735604f3c001a3ff03c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "QAM tuner built-in", "answer_start": 100}], "question": " What features allow the cable-ready TVs to display HD content without an internal box?", "id": "5ad3c735604f3c001a3ff03d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "QAM", "answer_start": 100}], "question": "What kind of built-in tuner will allow a cable-ready TV to display HD content without an intenal box?", "id": "5ad3c735604f3c001a3ff03e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "CableCARD", "answer_start": 154}], "question": "What kind of card will allow a cable-ready TV to display HD content without an external box?", "id": "5ad3c735604f3c001a3ff03f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Additionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box. They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD."}], ["Untuk penamaan komersial sesuatu produk, kadar bingkai sering dijatuhkan dan tersirat dari konteks (mis., Satu set televisyen 1080i). Kadar bingkai juga boleh ditentukan tanpa resolusi. Sebagai contoh, 24p bermakna 24 bingkai pengimbasan progresif sesaat, dan 50i bermakna 25 bingkai bersambung sesaat. <> Apa yang biasanya dijatuhkan untuk penamaan komersil produk HDTV? || kadar bingkai <> Apakah maksud 24p? || 24 bingkai imbasan progresif sesaat <> Apakah maksud 50i? || 25 bingkai antara sesaat <> Apabila menamakan produk HDTV komersial, kadar bingkai boleh ditentukan tanpa apa? || resolusi <> Apa yang biasanya dijatuhkan untuk penamaan komersil produk SDTV? || <> Apa maksud 54p? || <> Apa maksud 10i? || <> Apabila menamakan produk SDTV komersial, kadar bingkai boleh ditentukan tanpa apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is usually dropped for the commercial naming of an HDTV product?", "id": "56fa995df34c681400b0c0f9", "answers": [{"text": "the frame rate", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does 24p mean?", "id": "56fa995df34c681400b0c0fa", "answers": [{"text": "24 progressive scan frames per second", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does 50i mean?", "id": "56fa995df34c681400b0c0fb", "answers": [{"text": "25 interlaced frames per second", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When naming a commercial HDTV product, a frame rate can be specified without what?", "id": "56fa995df34c681400b0c0fc", "answers": [{"text": "a resolution", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "frame rate", "answer_start": 134}], "question": "What is usually dropped for the commercial naming of an SDTV product?", "id": "5ad3c4e9604f3c001a3fefd7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "24 progressive scan frames per second", "answer_start": 212}], "question": " What does 54p mean?", "id": "5ad3c4e9604f3c001a3fefd8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "25 interlaced frames per second", "answer_start": 265}], "question": " What does 10i mean?", "id": "5ad3c4e9604f3c001a3fefd9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "resolution", "answer_start": 177}], "question": "When naming a commercial SDTV product, a frame rate can be specified without what?", "id": "5ad3c4e9604f3c001a3fefda", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "For the commercial naming of a product, the frame rate is often dropped and is implied from context (e.g., a 1080i television set). A frame rate can also be specified without a resolution. For example, 24p means 24 progressive scan frames per second, and 50i means 25 interlaced frames per second."}], ["Rakaman video HDTV bukan sinematik yang dimaksudkan untuk penyiaran biasanya direkodkan sama ada dalam format 720p atau 1080i seperti yang ditentukan oleh penyiar. 720p biasanya digunakan untuk pengedaran Internet video definisi tinggi, kerana kebanyakan monitor komputer beroperasi dalam mod progresif-imbasan. 720p juga mengenakan keperluan penyimpanan dan penyahkodan kurang berat berbanding 1080i dan 1080p. 1080p / 24, 1080i / 30, 1080i / 25, dan 720p / 30 paling sering digunakan pada Cakera Blu-ray. <> Apa dua format biasanya digunakan untuk merakam video HDTV bukan sinematik yang dimaksudkan untuk siaran? || 720p atau 1080i <> Format manakah yang biasanya digunakan untuk pengedaran internet video HD? || 720p <> Kebanyakan monitor komputer beroperasi dalam mod apa? || Scan progresif <> 1080i, 1080p, dan 720p sering digunakan pada jenis cakera. || Blu-ray <> Apakah dua format biasanya digunakan untuk merekodkan video HDTV sinaran yang dimaksudkan untuk siaran? || <> Format manakah yang biasanya digunakan untuk pengedaran internet video SD? || <> Tiada monitor komputer beroperasi dalam mod apa? || <> 1080i, 1080p, dan 720p tidak pernah digunakan pada cakera jenis apa pun. ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What two formats are typically used to recorde non-cinematic HDTV video intended for broadcast?", "id": "56fab555f34c681400b0c11b", "answers": [{"text": "720p or 1080i", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which format is typically used for internet distribution of HD video?", "id": "56fab555f34c681400b0c11c", "answers": [{"text": "720p", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Most computer monitors operate in what mode?", "id": "56fab555f34c681400b0c11d", "answers": [{"text": "progressive-scan", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "1080i, 1080p, and 720p are often used on what kind of disc. ", "id": "56fab555f34c681400b0c11e", "answers": [{"text": "Blu-ray", "answer_start": 451}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "720p or 1080i", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "What two formats are typically used to record cinematic HDTV video intended for broadcast?", "id": "5ad3c68d604f3c001a3ff02b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "720p", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "Which format is typically used for internet distribution of SD video?", "id": "5ad3c68d604f3c001a3ff02c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "progressive-scan", "answer_start": 263}], "question": "No computer monitors operate in what mode?", "id": "5ad3c68d604f3c001a3ff02d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Blu-ray", "answer_start": 451}], "question": " 1080i, 1080p, and 720p are never used on what kind of disc.", "id": "5ad3c68d604f3c001a3ff02e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Non-cinematic HDTV video recordings intended for broadcast are typically recorded either in 720p or 1080i format as determined by the broadcaster. 720p is commonly used for Internet distribution of high-definition video, because most computer monitors operate in progressive-scan mode. 720p also imposes less strenuous storage and decoding requirements compared to both 1080i and 1080p. 1080p/24, 1080i/30, 1080i/25, and 720p/30 is most often used on Blu-ray Disc."}], ["Sumber resolusi yang sangat tinggi mungkin memerlukan jalur lebar lebih daripada yang tersedia untuk dihantar tanpa kehilangan kesetiaan. Mampatan lossy yang digunakan dalam semua sistem storan dan penghantaran HDTV digital akan memesongkan gambar yang diterima, jika dibandingkan dengan sumber yang tidak dimampatkan. <> Jika lebih banyak bandwidth diperlukan daripada yang tersedia, sumber resolusi yang sangat tinggi saya tidak dapat dihantar tanpa kehilangan apa? || kesetiaan <> Mampatan yang digunakan dalam semua sistem storan dan penghantaran HDTV akan melakukan apa jika resolusi terlalu tinggi? || mengganggu gambar yang diterima <> Sumber resolusi yang sangat tinggi mungkin memerlukan lebih banyak daripada apa? || bandwidth <> Jika jalur lebar lebih diperlukan daripada yang tersedia, sumber resolusi yang sangat rendah saya tidak dapat dihantar tanpa kehilangan apa? || <> Mampatan yang digunakan dalam semua sistem penyimpanan dan penghantaran SDTV akan melakukan apa jika resolusi terlalu tinggi? || <> Sumber resolusi yang sangat rendah mungkin memerlukan lebih banyak daripada apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "If more bandwith is required than is available, a very high resolution source my not be able to transmitted without loss of what?", "id": "56faa8ff8f12f31900630191", "answers": [{"text": "fidelity", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The compression used in all HDTV storage and transmission systems will do what if resolution is too high?", "id": "56faa8ff8f12f31900630192", "answers": [{"text": "distort the received picture", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A very high resolution source may require more of what?", "id": "56faa8ff8f12f31900630193", "answers": [{"text": "bandwidth", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fidelity", "answer_start": 115}], "question": "If more bandwidth is required than is available, a very low resolution source my not be able to transmitted without loss of what?", "id": "5ad3c57b604f3c001a3feffb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "distort the received picture", "answer_start": 218}], "question": " The compression used in all SDTV storage and transmission systems will do what if resolution is too high?", "id": "5ad3c57b604f3c001a3feffc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "bandwidth", "answer_start": 47}], "question": " A very low resolution source may require more of what?", "id": "5ad3c57b604f3c001a3feffd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "A very high resolution source may require more bandwidth than available in order to be transmitted without loss of fidelity. The lossy compression that is used in all digital HDTV storage and transmission systems will distort the received picture, when compared to the uncompressed source."}], ["Kadar frames PAL, SECAM dan NTSC secara teknikalnya hanya digunakan untuk televisyen definisi standard analog, bukan kepada siaran digital atau definisi tinggi. Bagaimanapun, dengan pelancaran penyiaran digital, dan kemudian penyiaran HDTV, negara mengekalkan sistem warisan mereka. HDTV di negara bekas PAL dan SECAM beroperasi pada kadar bingkai 25/50 Hz, manakala HDTV di negara bekas NTSC beroperasi pada 30/60 Hz. <> PAL, SECAM dan kadar bingkai NTSC dikenakan kepada definisi televisyen? || standard analog <> PAL, SECAM, dan kadar bingkai NTSC tidak terpakai kepada siaran apa? || digital atau definisi tinggi <> Dalam bekas negara-negara PAL dan SECAM, apa kadar bingkai yang beroperasi di HDTV? || 25/50 Hz <> Di negara bekas NTSC, apakah kadar kerangka yang HDTV beroperasi? || Kadar 30/60 Hz <> PEL, CAM, dan ETSC dikenakan kepada definisi televisyen? || <> PAL, SECAM dan kadar bingkai NTSC terpakai untuk penyiaran apa? || <> Di bekas negara-negara PAL dan SECAM, apa kadar bingkai yang beroperasi di SDTV? || <> Di negara bekas NTSC, apa kadar bingkai yang beroperasi di SDTV? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "PAL, SECAM, and NTSC frame rates apply to what definition televisions?", "id": "56faaac38f12f31900630197", "answers": [{"text": "analogue standard", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "PAL, SECAM, and NTSC frame rates do not apply to what broadcasts?", "id": "56faaac38f12f31900630198", "answers": [{"text": "digital or high definition", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In former PAL and SECAM countries, what frame rate does HDTV operate at?", "id": "56faaac38f12f31900630199", "answers": [{"text": "25/50 Hz", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In former NTSC countries, what frame rate does HDTV operate at?", "id": "56faaac38f12f3190063019a", "answers": [{"text": "30/60 Hz", "answer_start": 394}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "analogue standard", "answer_start": 58}], "question": "PEL, CAM, and ETSC frame rates apply to what definition televisions?", "id": "5ad3c608604f3c001a3ff009", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "digital or high definition broadcasts", "answer_start": 106}], "question": "PAL, SECAM, and NTSC frame rates do apply to what broadcasts?", "id": "5ad3c608604f3c001a3ff00a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "25/50 Hz", "answer_start": 336}], "question": "In former PAL and SECAM countries, what frame rate does SDTV operate at?", "id": "5ad3c608604f3c001a3ff00b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "30/60 Hz", "answer_start": 394}], "question": " In former NTSC countries, what frame rate does SDTV operate at?", "id": "5ad3c608604f3c001a3ff00c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "PAL, SECAM and NTSC frame rates technically apply only to analogue standard definition television, not to digital or high definition broadcasts. However, with the roll out of digital broadcasting, and later HDTV broadcasting, countries retained their heritage systems. HDTV in former PAL and SECAM countries operates at a frame rate of 25/50 Hz, while HDTV in former NTSC countries operates at 30/60 Hz."}], ["Sekurang-kurangnya, HDTV mempunyai dua kali resolusi linear televisyen definisi standard (SDTV), sehingga menunjukkan lebih detail daripada televisyen analog atau DVD biasa. Standard teknikal untuk penyiaran HDTV juga mengendalikan gambar nisbah aspek 16: 9 tanpa menggunakan hurufboxing atau anamorphic stretching, sehingga meningkatkan resolusi gambar yang efektif. <> Sekurang-kurangnya berapa kali resolusi linear yang HDTV mempunyai lebih daripada SDTV? || dua kali <> HDTV meningkatkan resolusi imej yang berkesan dengan tidak menggunakan apa? || letterboxing atau anamorphic stretching <> Apa SDTV berdiri? || televisyen definisi standard <> HDTV mengendalikan nisbah aspek apa-apa tanpa menggunakan suratboxing atau anamorphic stretching? || 16: 9 <> Sekurang-kurangnya berapa kali resolusi linear tidak mempunyai SDTV? || <> HDTV meningkatkan resolusi imej yang berkesan dengan menggunakan apa? || <> Apakah HDTV tahan? || <> SDTV mengendalikan nisbah aspek apa-apa tanpa menggunakan letterboxing atau anamorphic stretching? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "At least how many times more linear resolution does HDTV have over SDTV?", "id": "56fa9f9df34c681400b0c101", "answers": [{"text": "twice", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "HDTV increases the effective image resolution by not using what?", "id": "56fa9f9df34c681400b0c102", "answers": [{"text": "letterboxing or anamorphic stretching", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does SDTV stand for?", "id": "56fa9f9df34c681400b0c103", "answers": [{"text": "standard-definition television", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "HDTV handles what aspect ratio without using letterboxing or anamorphic stretching?", "id": "56fa9f9df34c681400b0c104", "answers": [{"text": "16:9", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "twice", "answer_start": 23}], "question": "At least how many times more linear resolution does SDTV have?", "id": "5ad3c558604f3c001a3fefe9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "letterboxing or anamorphic stretching", "answer_start": 268}], "question": " HDTV increases the effective image resolution by using what?", "id": "5ad3c558604f3c001a3fefea", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "standard-definition television", "answer_start": 54}], "question": " What does HDTV stand for?", "id": "5ad3c558604f3c001a3fefeb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "16:9", "answer_start": 229}], "question": "SDTV handles what aspect ratio without using letterboxing or anamorphic stretching?", "id": "5ad3c558604f3c001a3fefec", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "At a minimum, HDTV has twice the linear resolution of standard-definition television (SDTV), thus showing greater detail than either analog television or regular DVD. The technical standards for broadcasting HDTV also handle the 16:9 aspect ratio images without using letterboxing or anamorphic stretching, thus increasing the effective image resolution."}], ["Tiada standard tunggal untuk sokongan warna HDTV. Warna biasanya disiarkan menggunakan ruang warna YUV (10-bit per saluran) tetapi, bergantung kepada teknologi penjanaan imej yang mendasari penerima, kemudiannya ditukar kepada ruang warna RGB menggunakan algoritma yang standard. Apabila dihantar secara langsung melalui Internet, warna biasanya diprogramkan semula kepada saluran RGB 8-bit untuk simpanan simpanan tambahan dengan andaian bahawa ia hanya akan dilihat pada skrin komputer (sRGB). Sebagai manfaat tambahan kepada penyiar asal, kerugian pra-penukaran pada dasarnya membuat fail-fail ini tidak sesuai untuk penyiaran semula TV profesional. <> Adakah terdapat satu standard untuk sokongan warna HDTV? || tidak <> Sebelum ditukar kepada RGB, warna-warna yang disiarkan secara kasar menggunakan ruang warna apa? || YUV <> Warna biasanya disiarkan menggunakan YUV dan kemudian ditukar kepada apa? || ruang warna RGB <> Apabila dihantar melalui internet, warna biasanya untuk apa? || Saluran RGB 8-bit <> Apa yang anda buat dengan warna yang dihantar melalui internet? || ia hanya akan dilihat pada skrin komputer (sRGB) <> Adakah terdapat satu standard untuk sokongan warna SDTV? || <> Sebelum ditukar kepada RGB, warna biasanya tidak disiarkan menggunakan ruang warna apa? || <> Warna biasanya disiarkan menggunakan UUV dan kemudian ditukar kepada apa? || <> Apabila dihantar melalui internet, hitam dan putih biasanya ke apa? || <> Anggapan apa yang dibuat dengan warna yang dihantar tidak melalui internet? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Is there a single standard for HDTV color support?", "id": "56fa9afa8f12f31900630187", "answers": [{"text": "no", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Before being converted to RGB, colors are ususally broadcasted using what color space?", "id": "56fa9afa8f12f31900630188", "answers": [{"text": "YUV", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Colors are typically broadcast using YUV and then converted to what?", "id": "56fa9afa8f12f31900630189", "answers": [{"text": "a RGB color space", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When transmitted over the internet, colors are typically to what?", "id": "56fa9afa8f12f3190063018a", "answers": [{"text": "8-bit RGB channels", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What assumption is made with colors being transmitted over the internet?", "id": "56fa9afa8f12f3190063018b", "answers": [{"text": "it will only be viewed only on a (sRGB) computer screen", "answer_start": 458}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "no", "answer_start": 9}], "question": "Is there a single standard for SDTV color support?", "id": "5ad3c52c604f3c001a3fefdf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "YUV", "answer_start": 113}], "question": "Before being converted to RGB, colors are not usually broadcasted using what color space?", "id": "5ad3c52c604f3c001a3fefe0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "RGB color space", "answer_start": 246}], "question": "Colors are typically broadcast using UUV and then converted to what?", "id": "5ad3c52c604f3c001a3fefe1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "8-bit RGB channels", "answer_start": 383}], "question": "When transmitted over the internet,  black and white are typically to what?", "id": "5ad3c52c604f3c001a3fefe2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "it will only be viewed only on a (sRGB) computer screen", "answer_start": 458}], "question": "What assumption is made with colors being transmitted not over the internet?", "id": "5ad3c52c604f3c001a3fefe3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "There is no single standard for HDTV color support. Colors are typically broadcast using a (10-bits per channel) YUV color space but, depending on the underlying image generating technologies of the receiver, are then subsequently converted to a RGB color space using standardized algorithms. When transmitted directly through the Internet, the colors are typically pre-converted to 8-bit RGB channels for additional storage savings with the assumption that it will only be viewed only on a (sRGB) computer screen. As an added benefit to the original broadcasters, the losses of the pre-conversion essentially make these files unsuitable for professional TV re-broadcasting."}], ["Di Amerika Syarikat, penduduk di antaranya menonton antena siaran televisyen boleh menerima percuma, melalui pengaturcaraan udara dengan set televisyen dengan penala ATSC (kebanyakan set yang dijual sejak tahun 2009 ini). Ini dicapai dengan udara TV, sama seperti sejak tahun 1940-an kecuali isyarat rangkaian utama disiarkan dalam definisi tinggi (siaran ABC, Fox, dan Ion televisyen pada resolusi 720p; CBS, My Network TV, NBC, PBS, dan CW pada 1080i). Oleh kerana isyarat digital mereka lebih cekap menggunakan saluran penyiaran, ramai penyiar menambah beberapa saluran kepada isyarat mereka. Undang-undang mengenai antena telah dikemaskini sebelum perubahan kepada siaran terestrial digital. Undang-undang baru ini melarang persatuan pemilik rumah dan kerajaan bandar daripada melarang pemasangan antena. <> Di Amerika Syarikat, apa jenis penala yang diperlukan bagi penduduk untuk menerima percuma, melalui pengaturcaraan udara? || ATSC <> Undang-undang mengenai antena telah meningkat sebelum apa? || perubahan kepada siaran terestrial digital <> Siapa yang undang-undang ini melarang daripada mengharamkan pemasangan antena? || persatuan pemilik rumah dan kerajaan bandar <> Undang-undang mengenai antena menjaga persatuan pemilik rumah dan kerajaan bandar daripada melarang apa? || pemasangan antena <> Sebagian besar set televisyen dijual sejak tahun apa ada penala ATSC? || 2009 <> Di UK, apa jenis tuner diperlukan untuk penduduk menerima percuma, melalui pengaturcaraan udara? || <> Undang-undang mengenai antena tidak dikemas kini sebelum apa? || <> Siapa yang membuat undang-undang ini membenarkan pemasangan antena? || <> Undang-undang tentang antena menjaga persatuan pemilik rumah dan kerajaan bandar daripada membenarkan apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "In the US, what kind of tuner is needed for residents to receive free, over the air programming?", "id": "56fac6d48f12f3190063019f", "answers": [{"text": "ATSC", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Laws regarding antennas were upated before what?", "id": "56fac6d48f12f319006301a0", "answers": [{"text": "the change to digital terrestrial broadcasts", "answer_start": 633}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who do these laws prohibit from banning the installation of antennas?", "id": "56fac6d48f12f319006301a1", "answers": [{"text": "home owners' associations and city government", "answer_start": 703}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Laws about antennas keep home owners' associations and city government from banning what?", "id": "56fac6d48f12f319006301a2", "answers": [{"text": "the installation of antennas", "answer_start": 762}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Most television sets sold since what year have an ATSC tuner?", "id": "56fac6d48f12f319006301a3", "answers": [{"text": "2009", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "ATSC", "answer_start": 156}], "question": "In the UK, what kind of tuner is needed for residents to receive free, over the air programming?", "id": "5ad3c6c6604f3c001a3ff033", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "change to digital terrestrial broadcasts", "answer_start": 637}], "question": " Laws regarding antennas weren't updated before what?", "id": "5ad3c6c6604f3c001a3ff034", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "home owners' associations and city government", "answer_start": 703}], "question": "Who do these laws allow the installation of antennas?", "id": "5ad3c6c6604f3c001a3ff035", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "installation of antennas", "answer_start": 766}], "question": "Laws about antennas keep home owners' associations and city government from allowing what?", "id": "5ad3c6c6604f3c001a3ff036", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except now the major network signals are broadcast in high definition (ABC, Fox, and Ion Television broadcast at 720p resolution; CBS, My Network TV, NBC, PBS, and The CW at 1080i). As their digital signals more efficiently use the broadcast channel, many broadcasters are adding multiple channels to their signals. Laws about antennas were updated before the change to digital terrestrial broadcasts. These new laws prohibit home owners' associations and city government from banning the installation of antennas."}], ["Filem fotografi standard 35mm yang digunakan untuk unjuran sinaran mempunyai resolusi imej yang lebih tinggi daripada sistem HDTV, dan didedahkan dan diunjurkan pada kadar 24 bingkai sesaat (bingkai / s). Untuk dipaparkan di televisyen standard, di negara-negara PAL, filem pawagam diimbas pada kadar TV 25 bingkai / s, menyebabkan kelajuan 4.1 peratus, yang umumnya dianggap boleh diterima. Di negara-negara sistem NTSC, kadar imbasan TV sebanyak 30 bingkai / s akan menyebabkan kelajuan dipercepat jika yang sama dicuba, dan pembetulan yang diperlukan dilakukan oleh teknik yang dipanggil 3: 2 Pulldown: Lebih daripada setiap pasangan bingkai filem berturut-turut, satu diadakan untuk tiga medan video (1/20 saat) dan seterusnya diadakan untuk dua bidang video (1/30 detik), memberikan jumlah masa untuk dua bingkai 1/12 detik dan seterusnya mencapai kadar bingkai filem purata yang betul. <> Apa kadar filem fotografi 35mm yang terdedah dan diproyeksikan? || 24 bingkai sesaat <> Untuk dipaparkan di SDTV di negara-negara PAL, pada kadar apa filem diimbas wayang? || 25 bingkai / s <> Teknik di mana dengan pasangan bingkai filem berturut-turut, satu diadakan untuk tiga bidang video, dan yang berikutnya diadakan selama dua, dipanggil apa? || 3: 2 Pulldown <> Teknik 3: 2 Pulldown memberikan berapa masa untuk dua bingkai? || 1/12 satu saat <> Apa yang dicapai oleh teknik Pulldown 3: 2 yang menghasilkan masa 1/12 detik untuk dua bingkai? || kadar bingkai filem purata yang betul <> Pada kadar apa filem fotografi 50mm standard terdedah dan diproyeksikan? || <> Untuk ditunjukkan di SDTV di negara-negara PAL, pada kadar apa filem filem tidak diimbas? || <> Teknik di mana dengan pasangan bingkai filem berturut-turut, satu diadakan untuk tiga medan video, dan yang berikutnya diadakan selama dua, tidak dipanggil apa? || <> Teknik 3: 2 Pulldown memberikan apa yang total masa untuk lima bingkai? || <> Apa yang dicapai oleh teknik Pulldown 3: 2 yang menghasilkan masa 1/15 saat untuk dua bingkai? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "At what rate is standard 35mm photographic film exposed and projected?", "id": "56faae57f34c681400b0c111", "answers": [{"text": "24 frames per second", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To be shown on SDTV in PAL-system countries, at what rate is cinema film scanned?", "id": "56faae57f34c681400b0c112", "answers": [{"text": "25 frame/s", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The technique in which with successive pair of film frames, one is held for three video fields, and the next is held for two, is called what?", "id": "56faae57f34c681400b0c113", "answers": [{"text": "3:2 Pulldown", "answer_start": 560}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The 3:2 Pulldown techniques gives what total time for two frames?", "id": "56faae57f34c681400b0c114", "answers": [{"text": "1/12 of a second", "answer_start": 774}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is achieved by the 3:2 Pulldown technique producing a total time of 1/12 of a second for two frames?", "id": "56faae57f34c681400b0c115", "answers": [{"text": "the correct average film frame rate", "answer_start": 810}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "24 frames per second", "answer_start": 155}], "question": "At what rate is standard 50mm photographic film exposed and projected?", "id": "5ad3c65a604f3c001a3ff021", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "25 frame/s,", "answer_start": 289}], "question": "To be shown on SDTV in PAL-system countries, at what rate is cinema film not scanned?", "id": "5ad3c65a604f3c001a3ff022", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "3:2 Pulldown:", "answer_start": 560}], "question": "The technique in which with successive pair of film frames, one is held for three video fields, and the next is held for two, isn't called what?", "id": "5ad3c65a604f3c001a3ff023", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1/12 of a second", "answer_start": 774}], "question": " The 3:2 Pulldown techniques gives what total time for five frames?", "id": "5ad3c65a604f3c001a3ff024", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "correct average film frame rate", "answer_start": 814}], "question": "What is achieved by the 3:2 Pulldown technique producing a total time of 1/15 of a second for two frames?", "id": "5ad3c65a604f3c001a3ff025", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Standard 35mm photographic film used for cinema projection has a much higher image resolution than HDTV systems, and is exposed and projected at a rate of 24 frames per second (frame/s). To be shown on standard television, in PAL-system countries, cinema film is scanned at the TV rate of 25 frame/s, causing a speedup of 4.1 percent, which is generally considered acceptable. In NTSC-system countries, the TV scan rate of 30 frame/s would cause a perceptible speedup if the same were attempted, and the necessary correction is performed by a technique called 3:2 Pulldown: Over each successive pair of film frames, one is held for three video fields (1/20 of a second) and the next is held for two video fields (1/30 of a second), giving a total time for the two frames of 1/12 of a second and thus achieving the correct average film frame rate."}], ["Perakam pita analog dengan lebar jalur yang mampu merekodkan isyarat HD analog, seperti perakam W-VHS, tidak lagi dihasilkan untuk pasaran pengguna dan keduanya mahal dan terhad di pasaran sekunder. <> W-VHS perakam mampu merakam apa jenis isyarat? || analog HD <> Perakam apa jenis yang tidak lagi dihasilkan untuk pasaran pengguna? || Pita analog <> Di pasaran sekunder, perakam pita analog dianggap apa? || perekam W-VHS yang mahal dan langka <> W-VHS tidak mampu merakam apa jenis isyarat? || <> Rekod jenis apa yang masih dihasilkan untuk pasaran pengguna? || <> Di pasaran sekunder, perakam pita analog tidak menganggap apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "W-VHS recorders are capable of recording what kinds of signals?", "id": "56facd2f8f12f319006301c1", "answers": [{"text": "analog HD", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of recorder is no longer produced for the consumer market?", "id": "56facd2f8f12f319006301c2", "answers": [{"text": "Analog tape", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the secondary market, analog tape recorders are considered what?", "id": "56facd2f8f12f319006301c3", "answers": [{"text": "expensive and scarce", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "analog HD", "answer_start": 58}], "question": "W-VHS recorders aren't capable of recording what kinds of signals?", "id": "5ad3c84c604f3c001a3ff073", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Analog tape", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What kind of recorder is still produced for the consumer market?", "id": "5ad3c84c604f3c001a3ff074", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "expensive and scarce", "answer_start": 162}], "question": " In the secondary market, analog tape recorders arent considered what?", "id": "5ad3c84c604f3c001a3ff075", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Analog tape recorders with bandwidth capable of recording analog HD signals, such as W-VHS recorders, are no longer produced for the consumer market and are both expensive and scarce in the secondary market."}], ["Sumber imej definisi tinggi termasuk siaran terestrial, satelit siaran langsung, kabel digital, IPTV (termasuk kotak GoogleTV Roku dan AppleTV atau dibina menjadi \"Televisyen Pintar\"), cakera video Blu-ray (BD), dan muat turun internet. <> Roku dan AppleTV adalah contoh dari apa? || IPTV <> Muat turun Internet, video Blu-ray, dan Apple TV adalah contoh dari apa? || Sumber imej definisi tinggi <> Terrestrial siaran dan satelit siaran langsung adalah contoh dari apa? || Sumber imej definisi tinggi <> Kabel digital dan Roku adalah contoh dari apa? || Sumber imej definisi tinggi <> Roku dan AppleTV bukanlah contoh apa? || <> Muat turun Internet, video Blu-ray, dan Apple TV bukan contoh apa? || <> Kabel digital dan Roku bukan contoh? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Roku and AppleTV are examples of what?", "id": "56fac8e58f12f319006301a9", "answers": [{"text": "IPTV", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Internet downloads, Blu-ray videos, and Apple TV are examples of what?", "id": "56fac8e58f12f319006301aa", "answers": [{"text": "High-definition image sources", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Terrestrial broadcast and direct broadcast satellite are examples of what?", "id": "56fac8e58f12f319006301ab", "answers": [{"text": "High-definition image sources", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Digital cable and Roku are examples of what?", "id": "56fac8e58f12f319006301ac", "answers": [{"text": "High-definition image sources", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "IPTV", "answer_start": 104}], "question": " Roku and AppleTV aren't examples of what?", "id": "5ad3c75e604f3c001a3ff04f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "High-definition image sources", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Internet downloads, Blu-ray videos, and Apple TV aren't examples of what?", "id": "5ad3c75e604f3c001a3ff050", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "High-definition image", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Digital cable and Roku aren't examples of what?", "id": "5ad3c75e604f3c001a3ff051", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "High-definition image sources include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, IPTV (including GoogleTV Roku boxes and AppleTV or built into \"Smart Televisions\"), Blu-ray video disc (BD), and internet downloads."}], ["Di Amerika Syarikat, sebagai sebahagian daripada perjanjian plug and play FCC, syarikat kabel dikehendaki menyediakan pelanggan yang menyewa kotak set-top HD dengan kotak set-top dengan \"berfungsi\" FireWire (IEEE 1394) atas permintaan. Tiada penyedia satelit siaran langsung telah menawarkan ciri ini pada mana-mana kotak yang disokong mereka, tetapi ada beberapa syarikat TV kabel. Sehingga Julai 2004 [kemas kini], kotak tidak termasuk dalam mandat FCC. Kandungan ini dilindungi oleh penyulitan yang dikenali sebagai 5C. Penyulitan ini boleh menghalang pertindihan kandungan atau hanya mengehadkan jumlah salinan yang dibenarkan, dengan itu secara efektif menafikan kebanyakan jika tidak semua penggunaan yang adil kandungan. <> Sebelum tahun 2004, apakah syarikat kabel AS yang diperlukan untuk menyediakan pelanggan yang menyewa kotak set-top HD? || kotak set-top dengan \"berfungsi\" FireWire (IEEE 1394) atas permintaan <> Bilakah kotak dengan \"berfungsi\" FireWire tidak lagi termasuk dalam mandat FCC? || Julai 2004 <> Kandungan kini dilindungi oleh penyulitan apa? || 5C <> Apa yang boleh 5c penyulitan menghalang? || duplikasi kandungan atau hanya mengehadkan bilangan salinan yang dibenarkan <> Sebelum tahun 2006, apakah syarikat kabel AS yang diperlukan untuk menyediakan pelanggan yang menyewa kotak set-top HD? || <> Bilakah kotak dengan \"berfungsi\" FireWire termasuk dalam mandat FCC? || <> Kandungan tidak dilindungi oleh penyulitan apa? || <> Apa yang boleh 5c penyulitan tidak dapat menghalang? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Prior to 2004, what were US cable companies required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes?", "id": "56faceb3f34c681400b0c135", "answers": [{"text": "a set-top box with \"functional\" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were boxes with \"functional\" FireWire no longer included in the FCC mandate?", "id": "56faceb3f34c681400b0c136", "answers": [{"text": "July 2004", "answer_start": 362}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Content is now protected by what encryption?", "id": "56faceb3f34c681400b0c137", "answers": [{"text": "5C", "answer_start": 473}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can 5c encryption prevent?", "id": "56faceb3f34c681400b0c138", "answers": [{"text": "duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted", "answer_start": 505}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "set-top boxes with a set-top box with \"functional\" FireWire", "answer_start": 130}], "question": "Prior to 2006, what were US cable companies required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes?", "id": "5ad3c87b604f3c001a3ff079", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "July 2004", "answer_start": 362}], "question": "When were boxes with \"functional\" FireWire included in the FCC mandate?", "id": "5ad3c87b604f3c001a3ff07a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "5C", "answer_start": 473}], "question": " Content is not protected by what encryption?", "id": "5ad3c87b604f3c001a3ff07b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "duplication of content", "answer_start": 505}], "question": " What can 5c encryption not prevent?", "id": "5ad3c87b604f3c001a3ff07c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with \"functional\" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request. None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this feature on any of their supported boxes, but some cable TV companies have. As of July 2004[update], boxes are not included in the FCC mandate. This content is protected by encryption known as 5C. This encryption can prevent duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted, thus effectively denying most if not all fair use of the content."}], ["Jumlah besar penyimpanan data yang diperlukan untuk mengarkibkan aliran yang tidak dimampatkan bermaksud pilihan storan yang tidak dikompres tidak tersedia kepada pengguna. Pada tahun 2008, Pereka Video Peribadi Hauppauge 1212 diperkenalkan. Peranti ini menerima kandungan HD melalui input video komponen dan menyimpan kandungan dalam format MPEG-2 dalam fail .ts atau dalam format .m2ts format serasi Blu-ray. Pada pemacu keras atau pembakar DVD komputer yang disambungkan ke PVR melalui Antara muka USB 2.0. Sistem yang lebih baru dapat merekodkan program penerangan tinggi siaran dalam format 'sebagai siaran' atau transcode ke format yang lebih serasi dengan Blu-ray. <> Bilakah Perakam Video Peribadi Hauppauge 1212 diperkenalkan? || 2008 <> Bagaimana kandungan stor Perisik Video menyimpan? || dalam format MPEG-2 dalam fail .ts atau dalam format serasi Blu-ray .m2ts <> Sistem terkini boleh merakam program HD siaran dalam format apa? || 'sebagai format siaran' atau kod transcode kepada format yang lebih serasi dengan Blu-ray <> Apakah pilihan storan yang tidak dikompresi diperkenalkan pada 2008? || Perisik Video Peribadi Hauppauge 1212 <> Bilakah pereka Video Hauppauge 1212 Bukan Peribadi yang diperkenalkan? || <> Bagaimana kandungan stor Perakam Video Peribadi tidak? || <> Sistem terkini boleh merakam program siaran SD dalam format apa? || <> Apa pilihan storan tidak dikompres tidak diperkenalkan pada tahun 2008? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder introduced?", "id": "56facca98f12f319006301b9", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does the Personal Video Recorder store content?", "id": "56facca98f12f319006301ba", "answers": [{"text": "in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Recent systems can record a broadcast HD program in what format?", "id": "56facca98f12f319006301bb", "answers": [{"text": "'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray", "answer_start": 571}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What uncompressed storage option was introduced in 2008?", "id": "56facca98f12f319006301bc", "answers": [{"text": "the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 167}], "question": "When was the Hauppauge 1212 NonPersonal Video Recorder introduced?", "id": "5ad3c82a604f3c001a3ff065", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts", "answer_start": 320}], "question": " How doesn't the Personal Video Recorder store content?", "id": "5ad3c82a604f3c001a3ff066", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "as broadcast", "answer_start": 572}], "question": "Recent systems can record a broadcast SD program in what format?", "id": "5ad3c82a604f3c001a3ff067", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder", "answer_start": 177}], "question": " What uncompressed storage option wasn't introduced in 2008?", "id": "5ad3c82a604f3c001a3ff068", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. This device accepts HD content through component video inputs and stores the content in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file on the hard drive or DVD burner of a computer connected to the PVR through a USB 2.0 interface. More recent systems are able to record a broadcast high definition program in its 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray."}], ["HDTV boleh direkodkan kepada D-VHS (Digital-VHS atau Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog sahaja), kepada perakam video digital berkemampuan HDTV (contohnya perakam video Digital definisi tinggi DirecTV, kotak, penerima Dish Network VIP 622 atau VIP 722 penerima perakam digital atau perakam TiVo's Siri 3 atau HD), atau HTPC siap HDTV. Sesetengah kotak kabel mampu menerima atau merakam dua atau lebih siaran pada satu masa dalam format HDTV, dan pengaturcaraan HDTV, ada yang termasuk dalam harga langganan perkhidmatan kabel bulanan, sesetengah dengan bayaran tambahan, boleh dimainkan semula dengan syarikat kabel di- ciri permintaan. <> Kotak set Sky HD, TiVo's Series 3, dan Dish Network's VIP 622 adalah contoh dari apa? || perakam video digital yang mampu HDTV <> Beberapa kotak kabel mampu melakukan apa? || menerima atau merakam dua atau lebih siaran pada satu masa dalam format HDTV <> Apakah sekatan yang dimuatkan oleh rakaman W-VHS? || analog sahaja <> Apa yang D-VHS berdiri? || Digital-VHS atau Data-VHS <> Peti set-top Sky HD, TiVo's Series 3, dan VIP Dish Network 622 bukan contoh apa? || <> Beberapa kotak kabel tidak boleh melakukan apa? || <> Apakah sekatan yang tidak mempunyai rakaman W-VHS? || <> Apakah DVD berdiri? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Sky HD's set-top box, TiVo's Series 3, and Dish Network's VIP 622 are examples of what?", "id": "56facb5d8f12f319006301b1", "answers": [{"text": "an HDTV-capable digital video recorder", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Some cable boxes are capable of doing what?", "id": "56facb5d8f12f319006301b2", "answers": [{"text": "receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What restriction does W-VHS recordings have?", "id": "56facb5d8f12f319006301b3", "answers": [{"text": "analog only", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does D-VHS stand for?", "id": "56facb5d8f12f319006301b4", "answers": [{"text": "Digital-VHS or Data-VHS", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "HDTV-capable digital video recorder", "answer_start": 84}], "question": "Sky HD's set-top box, TiVo's Series 3, and Dish Network's VIP 622 aren't examples of what?", "id": "5ad3c7fb604f3c001a3ff05d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "receiving or recording two or more broadcasts", "answer_start": 381}], "question": " Some cable boxes can't be capable of doing what?", "id": "5ad3c7fb604f3c001a3ff05e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "analog only", "answer_start": 64}], "question": " What restriction does W-VHS recordings not have?", "id": "5ad3c7fb604f3c001a3ff05f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Digital-VHS or Data-VHS", "answer_start": 31}], "question": " What does DVD stand for?", "id": "5ad3c7fb604f3c001a3ff060", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC. Some cable boxes are capable of receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format, and HDTV programming, some included in the monthly cable service subscription price, some for an additional fee, can be played back with the cable company's on-demand feature."}], ["PlayStation 3 Sony mempunyai keserasian HD yang luas kerana pemain cakera Blu-ray yang dibina di dalamnya, begitu pula dengan Xbox 360 Microsoft dengan penambahan keupayaan streaming Hfc Netflix dan Windows Media Center, dan pasaran Zune di mana pengguna boleh menyewa atau membeli kandungan HD digital . Baru-baru ini, Nintendo mengeluarkan platform permainan definisi tinggi generasi berikutnya, The Wii U, yang termasuk ciri kawalan jauh TV selain ciri streaming IPTV seperti Netflix. Keupayaan HD konsol telah mempengaruhi beberapa pemaju untuk permainan pelabuhan dari konsol masa lalu ke PS3, Xbox 360 dan Wii U, sering dengan grafik remastered atau upscaled. <> Mengapa PlayStation 3 mempunyai keserasian HD yang luas? || kerana terbina dalam pemain berasaskan cakera Blu-ray <> Selain memiliki pemain Blu-ray, Xbox 360 juga mempunyai ciri-ciri apa? || Netflix dan Windows Media Center HTPC keupayaan penstriman, dan pasaran Zune <> Platform permainan definisi tinggi apa yang telah dibebaskan Nintendo baru-baru ini? || Wii U <> Keupayaan HD sistem permainan moden telah memberi inspirasi kepada pemaju untuk melakukan apa? || permainan pelabuhan dari konsol lalu ke PS3, Xbox 360 dan Wii U, sering dengan grafik yang diperbaiki atau ditingkatkan <> Mengapa PlayStation 3 mempunyai keserasian SD yang luas? || <> Selain mempunyai pemain Blu-ray, Xbox One juga mempunyai ciri-ciri apa? || <> Apakah platform permainan definisi rendah yang telah dibebaskan Nintendo baru-baru ini? || <> Keupayaan HD sistem permainan moden tidak memberi inspirasi kepada pemaju untuk melakukan apa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Why does the PlayStation 3 have extensive HD compatibility?", "id": "56faca31f34c681400b0c12d", "answers": [{"text": "because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to having a Blu-ray player the Xbox 360 also features what?", "id": "56faca31f34c681400b0c12e", "answers": [{"text": "Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What high definition gaming platform did Nintendo recently release?", "id": "56faca31f34c681400b0c12f", "answers": [{"text": "The Wii U", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The HD capabilities of modern gaming systems has inspired developers to do what?", "id": "56faca31f34c681400b0c130", "answers": [{"text": "port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics", "answer_start": 548}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player", "answer_start": 52}], "question": "Why does the PlayStation 3 have extensive SD compatibility?", "id": "5ad3c7ae604f3c001a3ff055", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities", "answer_start": 153}], "question": "In addition to having a Blu-ray player the Xbox One also features what?", "id": "5ad3c7ae604f3c001a3ff056", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wii U,", "answer_start": 376}], "question": "What low definition gaming platform did Nintendo recently release?", "id": "5ad3c7ae604f3c001a3ff057", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "port games from past consoles", "answer_start": 548}], "question": "The HD capabilities of modern gaming systems has not inspired developers to do what?", "id": "5ad3c7ae604f3c001a3ff058", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Sony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player, so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace where users can rent or purchase digital HD content. Recently, Nintendo released a next generation high definition gaming platform, The Wii U, which includes TV remote control features in addition to IPTV streaming features like Netflix. The HD capabilities of the consoles has influenced some developers to port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics."}]], [["Dalam kayu penggredan dan kayu struktur, knot diklasifikasikan mengikut bentuk, saiz, kekukuhan, dan ketegasan yang mereka gunakan. Ketegasan ini dipengaruhi oleh, antara faktor-faktor lain, tempoh masa yang mana cawangan itu telah mati sementara batang penambah terus berkembang. <> Apakah proses di mana knot dikelaskan? || penggredan <> Bersama dengan ketegasan, kekukuhan, dan bentuk, harta benda apa yang dikelaskan? || saiz <> Apa harta simpul yang tidak berapa lama cawangan tinggal di atas pokok sementara pokok terus bertambah? || ketegasan", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the process in which knots are classified called?", "id": "56f9f2568f12f3190063000b", "answers": [{"text": "grading", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with firmness, soundness, and form, what property of a knot is classified?", "id": "56f9f2568f12f3190063000c", "answers": [{"text": "size", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What property of knots does the amount of time a branch stayed on a tree while the stem kept growing affect?", "id": "56f9f2568f12f3190063000d", "answers": [{"text": "firmness", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In grading lumber and structural timber, knots are classified according to their form, size, soundness, and the firmness with which they are held in place. This firmness is affected by, among other factors, the length of time for which the branch was dead while the attaching stem continued to grow."}], ["Di dalam pokok simpulan itu, sama ada pangkal cawangan sampingan atau tunas yang tidak aktif. Satu simpulan (apabila pangkal cawangan sampingan) berbentuk kerucut (dengan itu keratan rentas berbentuk bulat) dengan hujung dalaman pada titik diameter batang di mana kambium vaskular terletak di mana cawangan terbentuk sebagai putik. <> Selain daripada asas cawangan sebelah, apakah ciri pokok yang menyebabkan simpulan? || pucuk yang tidak aktif <> Apa bentuknya simpulan yang dibentuk oleh asas cawangan sampingan? || conical <> Apakah ukuran batang menentukan kedudukan hujung dalaman simpulan? || diameter <> Oleh kerana bentuk simpulan adalah berbentuk kerucut, bentuk apa yang mempunyai keratan rentasnya? || pekeliling", {"qas": [{"question": "Other than the base of a side branch, what tree feature causes a knot?", "id": "56f9efa98f12f31900630003", "answers": [{"text": "a dormant bud", "answer_start": 58}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What shape is the knot formed by a side branch's base?", "id": "56f9efa98f12f31900630004", "answers": [{"text": "conical", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What measurement of a stem determines a knot's inner tip placement?", "id": "56f9efa98f12f31900630005", "answers": [{"text": "diameter", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Because a knot's shape is conical, what shape does a cross-section of it have?", "id": "56f9efa98f12f31900630006", "answers": [{"text": "circular", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the tree a knot is either the base of a side branch or a dormant bud. A knot (when the base of a side branch) is conical in shape (hence the roughly circular cross-section) with the inner tip at the point in stem diameter at which the plant's vascular cambium was located when the branch formed as a bud."}], ["Penemuan 2011 di wilayah New Brunswick, Kanada, mendapati tumbuhan yang paling awal telah ditanam kayu, kira-kira 395 hingga 400 juta tahun yang lalu. Kayu boleh bertarikh dengan karbon dating dan dalam beberapa spesies oleh dendrochronology untuk membuat kesimpulan tentang apabila objek kayu dicipta. <> Tahun berapa adalah tumbuhan terawal yang tumbuh kayu ditemui? || 2011 <> Di mana provinsi Kanada adalah tumbuhan berkayu tertua yang dijumpai? || New Brunswick <> Jika dendrochronology tidak dapat digunakan, kaedah apa yang akan digunakan ahli-ahli sains untuk kayu hari ini? || karbon dating <> Berapa berjuta-juta tahun lamanya tumbuhan yang ditemui di New Brunswick? || 395 hingga 400", {"qas": [{"question": "What year were the earliest plants that grew wood discovered?", "id": "56f9e7ba9e9bad19000a0b55", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 2}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which Canadian province were the oldest woody plants found?", "id": "56f9e7ba9e9bad19000a0b56", "answers": [{"text": "New Brunswick", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If dendrochronology can't be used, what method would scientists employ to date wood?", "id": "56f9e7ba9e9bad19000a0b57", "answers": [{"text": "carbon dating", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many millions of years old were the plants that were discovered in New Brunswick?", "id": "56f9e7ba9e9bad19000a0b58", "answers": [{"text": "395 to 400", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created."}], ["Orang telah menggunakan kayu selama beribu tahun untuk banyak tujuan, terutamanya sebagai bahan api atau sebagai bahan binaan untuk membuat rumah, alat, senjata, perabot, pembungkus, karya seni, dan kertas. Perubahan tahun ke tahun dalam lebar cincin pohon dan banyak isotop memberikan petunjuk kepada iklim semasa pada masa itu. <> Apakah tujuan utama kayu selama ribuan tahun selain bahan bakar? || bahan pembinaan <> Apa yang sering diperbuat daripada kayu yang menyediakan perlindungan kepada orang? || Rumah-rumah <> Untuk petunjuk tentang iklim tempat, kita boleh melihat variasi dalam banyak isotop atau apa yang lain? || lebar cincin pohon <> Apa yang boleh dibuat dari kayu yang boleh digunakan untuk melawan penyerang? || senjata <> Apakah kategori barang yang sering dibina dari kayu yang dimiliki kerusi? || perabot", {"qas": [{"question": "What has been the primary purpose of wood for millennia other than fuel?", "id": "56f9e9738f12f3190062ffe7", "answers": [{"text": "construction material", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is often made of wood that provides shelter to people?", "id": "56f9e9738f12f3190062ffe8", "answers": [{"text": "houses", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For clues about the climate of a place, we can look at variation in isotopic abundances or what other thing?", "id": "56f9e9738f12f3190062ffe9", "answers": [{"text": "tree-ring widths", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What could be made out of wood that could be used to fight off attackers?", "id": "56f9e9738f12f3190062ffea", "answers": [{"text": "weapons", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What category of items often constructed from wood does a chair belong to?", "id": "56f9e9738f12f3190062ffeb", "answers": [{"text": "furniture", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time."}], ["Semasa pembangunan pokok, anggota badan yang lebih rendah sering mati, tetapi mungkin tetap dilampirkan untuk satu masa, kadang-kadang bertahun-tahun. Lapisan pertumbuhan batang yang dilampirkan tidak lagi dikaitkan dengan anggota yang mati, tetapi ditanam di sekelilingnya. Oleh itu, cawangan-cawangan mati menghasilkan knot yang tidak dilekatkan, dan mungkin akan jatuh selepas pokok itu telah dipotong menjadi papan. <> Apa yang akan dilakukan oleh anggota kaki bawah pokok semasa pembangunan? || mati <> Untuk berapa lama masa yang boleh mati anggota bawah mati melekat pada pokok? || tahun <> Daripada bergabung dengan anggota badan yang meninggal, di mana lapisan berikutnya berkembang? || di sekelilingnya <> Adakah knot yang mati bentuk anggota badan dilampirkan atau dilampirkan? || tidak dilampirkan <> Satu simpul terpisah mungkin akan jatuh dari kayu ketika seseorang melihatnya ke dalam apa? || papan", {"qas": [{"question": "What will the lower limbs of a tree usually do during development?", "id": "56f9f187f34c681400b0bf01", "answers": [{"text": "die", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what length of time can a dead lower limb stay attached to a tree?", "id": "56f9f187f34c681400b0bf02", "answers": [{"text": "years", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Rather than being joined to the limb that died, where do subsequent layers grow?", "id": "56f9f187f34c681400b0bf03", "answers": [{"text": "around it", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Are the knots that dead tree limbs form attached or not attached?", "id": "56f9f187f34c681400b0bf04", "answers": [{"text": "not attached", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A detached knot will probably drop out of the wood when someone saws it into what?", "id": "56f9f187f34c681400b0bf05", "answers": [{"text": "boards", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown around it. Hence, dead branches produce knots which are not attached, and likely to drop out after the tree has been sawn into boards."}], ["Bumi mengandungi kira-kira 434 bilion meter padu hutan tanaman yang berkembang, 47% daripadanya adalah komersial. Sebagai sumber yang boleh diperbaharui, neutral karbon, bahan berkayu telah menjadi kepentingan sengit sebagai sumber tenaga boleh diperbaharui. Pada tahun 1991, kira-kira 3.5 kilometer kubik kayu telah dituai. Penggunaan dominan adalah untuk perabot dan pembinaan bangunan. <> Berapa banyak meter padu hutan saham yang tumbuh di sana di planet ini? || 434 bilion <> Sebanyak peratus daripada hutan stok bumi adalah komersial? || 47% <> Selain bangunan, apakah kayu yang biasa digunakan? || perabot <> Berapa banyak kilometer padu hutan hutan stock yang luas dituai pada tahun 1991? || 3.5 <> Selain sebagai neutral karbon, apa kata sifat lain yang menerangkan kayu yang menjadikannya menarik sebagai sumber tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui? || banyak", {"qas": [{"question": "How many cubic meters of growing stock forest are there on the planet?", "id": "56f9e5219e9bad19000a0b4b", "answers": [{"text": "434 billion", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the Earth's stock forest is commercial?", "id": "56f9e5219e9bad19000a0b4c", "answers": [{"text": "47%", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to buildings, what is wood often used to make?", "id": "56f9e5219e9bad19000a0b4d", "answers": [{"text": "furniture", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many cubic kilometers of the vast stock forest's wood were harvested in 1991?", "id": "56f9e5219e9bad19000a0b4e", "answers": [{"text": "3.5", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to being carbon neutral, what other adjective describes wood that makes it compelling as a renewable energy source?", "id": "56f9e5219e9bad19000a0b4f", "answers": [{"text": "abundant", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 1991, approximately 3.5 cubic kilometers of wood were harvested. Dominant uses were for furniture and building construction."}], ["Sekiranya terdapat perbezaan di dalam cincin pertumbuhan, maka bahagian cincin pertumbuhan yang terdekat dengan pusat pokok, dan dibentuk pada awal musim tumbuh apabila pertumbuhan pesat, biasanya terdiri daripada unsur-unsur yang lebih luas. Ia biasanya lebih ringan daripada warna yang berhampiran dengan bahagian luar cincin, dan dikenali sebagai earlywood atau springwood. Bahagian luar yang dibentuk kemudian pada musim ini kemudian dikenali sebagai latewood atau summerwood. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat perbezaan utama, bergantung kepada jenis kayu (lihat di bawah). <> Jika cincin pertumbuhan mempunyai perbezaan selama satu musim, adakah bahagian yang terdekat dengan pusat pokok menjadi lebih sempit atau lebih luas? || lebih luas <> Apa nama, selain daripada springwood, digunakan untuk bahagian cincin pertumbuhan yang dibentuk pada permulaan musim yang semakin meningkat? || earlywood <> Jika bertentangan dengan springwood adalah summerwood, apa kebalikan dari earlywood? || latewood <> Adakah kayu awal biasanya lebih ringan atau lebih gelap daripada bahagian cincin pertumbuhan yang terbentuk kemudian pada musim ini? || ringan <> Adakah musim panas bahagian dalaman atau luaran cincin pertumbuhan? || luar", {"qas": [{"question": "If a growth ring has differences over one season, would the part nearest the tree's center be narrower or wider?", "id": "56f9ecbff34c681400b0bee5", "answers": [{"text": "wider", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What name, besides springwood, is used for the part of a growth ring formed in the beginning of the growing season?", "id": "56f9ecbff34c681400b0bee6", "answers": [{"text": "earlywood", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If the opposite of springwood is summerwood, what's the opposite of earlywood?", "id": "56f9ecbff34c681400b0bee7", "answers": [{"text": "latewood", "answer_start": 394}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is earlywood usually lighter or darker than the part of the growth ring that forms later in the season?", "id": "56f9ecbff34c681400b0bee8", "answers": [{"text": "lighter", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is summerwood the inner or outer portion of a growth ring?", "id": "56f9ecbff34c681400b0bee9", "answers": [{"text": "outer", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "If there are differences within a growth ring, then the part of a growth ring nearest the center of the tree, and formed early in the growing season when growth is rapid, is usually composed of wider elements. It is usually lighter in color than that near the outer portion of the ring, and is known as earlywood or springwood. The outer portion formed later in the season is then known as the latewood or summerwood. However, there are major differences, depending on the kind of wood (see below)."}], ["Simpulan adalah jenis ketidaksempurnaan tertentu dalam sekeping kayu; ia akan menjejaskan sifat-sifat teknikal kayu, biasanya mengurangkan kekuatan tempatan dan meningkatkan kecenderungan untuk membelah di sepanjang butiran kayu, tetapi boleh dieksploitasi untuk kesan visual. Di dalam papan gerak longitudinal, simpulan akan muncul sebagai sekeping kayu yang \"padat\" (biasanya lebih gelap) kira-kira di mana biji kayu yang lain \"mengalir\" (bahagian dan bersambung semula). Dalam simpulan, arah kayu (arah bijirin) adalah sehingga 90 darjah berbeza dari arah bijirin kayu biasa. <> Apakah jenis ketidaksempurnaan bulat di sekeping kayu yang dipanggil? || simpul <> Apa harta kayu yang membuat simpulan biasanya berkurang di dalam kayu? || kekuatan <> Di manakah arah kayu yang sering di gerakkan supaya simpulan muncul sebagai lingkaran padat yang mengalir di sekitar gandum? || longitudinal <> Adakah knot biasanya lebih ringan atau lebih gelap daripada kayu di sekitarnya? || Lebih gelap <> Arah gandum di simpul dapat berbeza dengan seberapa banyak darjah dari kayu biasa? || 90", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the sort of circular imperfection in a piece of wood called?", "id": "56f9ee81f34c681400b0bef7", "answers": [{"text": "knot", "answer_start": 2}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What property of wood does a knot usually reduce in the wood around it?", "id": "56f9ee81f34c681400b0bef8", "answers": [{"text": "strength", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what direction is wood often sawn so that a knot appears as a solid circle that the grain flows around?", "id": "56f9ee81f34c681400b0bef9", "answers": [{"text": "longitudinally", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Are knots usually lighter or darker than the surrounding wood?", "id": "56f9ee81f34c681400b0befa", "answers": [{"text": "darker", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The direction of grain in a knot can differ by as much as how many degrees from the regular wood?", "id": "56f9ee81f34c681400b0befb", "answers": [{"text": "90", "answer_start": 513}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly circular \"solid\" (usually darker) piece of wood around which the grain of the rest of the wood \"flows\" (parts and rejoins). Within a knot, the direction of the wood (grain direction) is up to 90 degrees different from the grain direction of the regular wood."}], ["Kayu, dalam erti yang ketat, dihasilkan oleh pokok-pokok, yang meningkatkan diameter oleh pembentukan, antara kayu sedia ada dan kulit dalam, lapisan berkayu baru yang menyelubungi keseluruhan batang, cawangan hidup, dan akar. Proses ini dikenali sebagai pertumbuhan sekunder; ia adalah hasil pembahagian sel dalam kambium vaskular, meristem lateral, dan pengembangan sel-sel baru. Di mana terdapat musim yang jelas, pertumbuhan boleh berlaku dalam corak tahunan atau bermusim yang diskret, yang membawa kepada cincin pertumbuhan; ini biasanya boleh dilihat dengan jelas pada akhir log, tetapi juga boleh dilihat di permukaan lain. Jika musim-musim ini adalah tahunan cincin pertumbuhan ini dirujuk sebagai cincin tahunan. Di mana tidak ada cincin pertumbuhan perbezaan bermusim mungkin tidak jelas atau tidak hadir. <> Di manakah kayu datang? || pokok <> Apa bentuk dalam pokok untuk meningkatkan diameternya? || lapisan berkayu <> Apa proses pokok yang tumbuh untuk mendapatkan lebih besar di sekitar dipanggil? || pertumbuhan sekunder <> Apa banyak tempat yang mempunyai empat yang akan menyebabkan cincin pertumbuhan di dalam pokok? || musim <> Jika tempat mempunyai musim tahunan, apakah cincin pertumbuhan di atas pokok-pokok di sana? || cincin tahunan", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does wood come from?", "id": "56f9eb0bf34c681400b0bedb", "answers": [{"text": "trees", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What forms in a tree to increase its diameter?", "id": "56f9eb0bf34c681400b0bedc", "answers": [{"text": "woody layers", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the process of trees growing out to get bigger around called?", "id": "56f9eb0bf34c681400b0bedd", "answers": [{"text": "secondary growth", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do many places have four of that would cause growth rings in a tree?", "id": "56f9eb0bf34c681400b0bede", "answers": [{"text": "seasons", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If a place has annual seasons, what are the growth rings on the trees there called?", "id": "56f9eb0bf34c681400b0bedf", "answers": [{"text": "annual rings", "answer_start": 668}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This process is known as secondary growth; it is the result of cell division in the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem, and subsequent expansion of the new cells. Where there are clear seasons, growth can occur in a discrete annual or seasonal pattern, leading to growth rings; these can usually be most clearly seen on the end of a log, but are also visible on the other surfaces. If these seasons are annual these growth rings are referred to as annual rings. Where there is no seasonal difference growth rings are likely to be indistinct or absent."}], ["Ia telah digunakan untuk beribu-ribu tahun untuk kedua-dua bahan api dan sebagai bahan binaan. Ia adalah bahan organik, komposit semulajadi serat selulosa (yang kuat dalam ketegangan) yang tertanam dalam matriks lignin yang menentang pemampatan. Kayu kadang-kadang ditakrifkan sebagai hanya xilem sekunder di batang pokok, atau ia lebih jelas untuk memasukkan jenis tisu yang sama di tempat lain seperti di dalam akar pokok atau pokok renek. [Rujukan?] Dalam pokok hidup ia melakukan fungsi sokongan, membolehkan tumbuh-tumbuhan berkayu tumbuh besar atau berdiri sendiri. Ia juga menyampaikan air dan nutrien antara daun, tisu lain yang tumbuh, dan akarnya. Kayu juga boleh merujuk kepada bahan-bahan tumbuhan lain dengan sifat-sifat setanding, dan bahan kejuruteraan dari kayu, atau kerepek kayu atau serat. <> Selain digunakan untuk membina sesuatu, apa yang telah digunakan kayu selama lebih dari ribuan tahun? || bahan api <> Apa jenis serat yang kuat adalah sebahagian daripada komposit kayu? || selulosa <> Apa matriks dalam kayu yang terdiri daripada? || lignin <> Apa satu perkataan menggambarkan kayu berfungsi menyediakan kepada pokok atau tumbuhan? || sokongan <> Apakah kayu menyampaikan kepada daun, akar, dan tisu lain dari tumbuhan berkayu selain air? || nutrien", {"qas": [{"question": "In addition to being used to build things, what has wood been used for over thousands of years?", "id": "56f9e2819b226e1400dd15e8", "answers": [{"text": "fuel", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of strong fibers are part of the composite of wood?", "id": "56f9e2819b226e1400dd15e9", "answers": [{"text": "cellulose", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the matrix in wood made up of?", "id": "56f9e2819b226e1400dd15ea", "answers": [{"text": "lignin", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What one word describes the function wood provides to a tree or plant?", "id": "56f9e2819b226e1400dd15eb", "answers": [{"text": "support", "answer_start": 482}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does wood convey to leaves, roots, and other tissues of a woody plant in addition to water?", "id": "56f9e2819b226e1400dd15ec", "answers": [{"text": "nutrients", "answer_start": 592}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs.[citation needed] In a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or fiber."}], ["Adalah luar biasa bahawa pokok hati dalam pokok-pokok lama kekal seperti bunyi seperti biasanya, kerana dalam banyak kes ia beratus-ratus, dan dalam beberapa contoh beribu-ribu tahun. Setiap anggota badan yang pecah atau akar, atau luka yang mendalam dari api, serangga, atau jatuh kayu, boleh masuk pintu masuk untuk pembusukan, yang, sekali bermula, dapat menembusi semua bahagian batang. Serangga banyak serangga memasuki pokok dan terowongnya kekal sebagai sumber kelemahan. Apa pun kelebihan, bagaimanapun, bahawa sapwood mungkin mempunyai hubungan ini disebabkan hanya untuk umur dan kedudukannya yang relatif. <> Apakah anggota badan patah dan luka yang mendalam membuka pintu di dalam pokok? || kerosakan <> Keretakan boleh merebak ke semua bahagian pokok apa? || trunk <> Tahap pertumbuhan serangga yang menimbulkan lubang ke dalam pepohonan? || larva <> Apa bahagian pokok yang sering kekal dihidu walaupun ratusan atau ribuan tahun? || hati jantung <> Bukti apa yang menyebabkan serangga larva meninggalkan pokok di selamanya? || terowong", {"qas": [{"question": "What do broken limbs and deep wounds open a door for in a tree?", "id": "56fa02638f12f3190063006d", "answers": [{"text": "decay", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Decay can spread to all of what part of a tree?", "id": "56fa02638f12f3190063006e", "answers": [{"text": "the trunk", "answer_start": 341}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What growth stage of insects bore holes into trees?", "id": "56fa02638f12f3190063006f", "answers": [{"text": "larvae", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of a tree often stays impressively sound even when hundreds or thousands of years old?", "id": "56fa02638f12f31900630070", "answers": [{"text": "inner heartwood", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What evidence do some insect larvae leave in a tree forever?", "id": "56fa02638f12f31900630071", "answers": [{"text": "tunnels", "answer_start": 409}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It is remarkable that the inner heartwood of old trees remains as sound as it usually does, since in many cases it is hundreds, and in a few instances thousands, of years old. Every broken limb or root, or deep wound from fire, insects, or falling timber, may afford an entrance for decay, which, once started, may penetrate to all parts of the trunk. The larvae of many insects bore into the trees and their tunnels remain indefinitely as sources of weakness. Whatever advantages, however, that sapwood may have in this connection are due solely to its relative age and position."}], ["Knot tidak semestinya mempengaruhi kekukuhan kayu struktur, ini bergantung kepada saiz dan lokasi. Kekuatan dan kekuatan anjal lebih bergantung kepada kayu yang lebih baik daripada kecacatan setempat. Kekuatan pecah sangat terdedah kepada kecacatan. Knot bunyi tidak melemahkan kayu apabila tertakluk kepada pemampatan selari dengan bijirin. <> Apakah kekuatan pecah kayu yang mudah terdedah kepada? || kecacatan <> Bergantung pada penempatan dan saiz simpulan, apakah harta kayu struktur yang boleh dipengaruhi? || kekakuan <> Apa kekuatan kekakuan dan anjal bergantung kepada lebih banyak daripada kecacatan? || kayu yang bunyi <> Apa arah mampatan yang berkaitan dengan bijirinnya tidak akan melemahkan kayu dengan simpulan bunyi di dalamnya? || selari", {"qas": [{"question": "What is wood's breaking strength susceptible to? ", "id": "56f9f63b8f12f31900630011", "answers": [{"text": "defects", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Depending on the placement and size of a knot, what property of structural timber can be affected?", "id": "56f9f63b8f12f31900630012", "answers": [{"text": "stiffness", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do stiffness and elastic strength depend on more than defects?", "id": "56f9f63b8f12f31900630013", "answers": [{"text": "sound wood", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What direction of compression in relation to its grain won't weaken wood with sound knots in it?", "id": "56f9f63b8f12f31900630014", "answers": [{"text": "parallel", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Knots do not necessarily influence the stiffness of structural timber, this will depend on the size and location. Stiffness and elastic strength are more dependent upon the sound wood than upon localized defects. The breaking strength is very susceptible to defects. Sound knots do not weaken wood when subject to compression parallel to the grain."}], ["Heartwood (atau duramen) adalah kayu yang disebabkan oleh transformasi kimia yang semulajadi telah menjadi lebih tahan terhadap kerosakan. Pembentukan Heartwood berlaku secara spontan (ia adalah proses yang diprogram secara genetik). Setelah pembentukan jantung selesai, kayu jantung mati. Sesetengah ketidakpastian masih wujud sama ada kayu jantung benar-benar mati, kerana ia masih boleh bertindak balas secara kimia terhadap organisma pembusukan, tetapi hanya sekali. <> Apa kata lain untuk \"duramen\"? || Heartwood <> Apa itu heartwood resistant? || Keruntuhan <> Bagaimana pembentukan jantung berlaku kerana programnya secara genetik? || secara spontan <> Apa kata sifat menggambarkan heartwood terbentuk sepenuhnya? || mati <> Walaupun dianggap mati, apa yang boleh kayu lapis mempunyai satu reaksi kimia? || organisma pembusukan", {"qas": [{"question": "What's another word for \"duramen\"?", "id": "56f9f869f34c681400b0bf15", "answers": [{"text": "Heartwood", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is heartwood naturally resistant to?", "id": "56f9f869f34c681400b0bf16", "answers": [{"text": "decay", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does heartwood formation occur due to its being genetically programmed?", "id": "56f9f869f34c681400b0bf17", "answers": [{"text": "spontaneously", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What adjective describes fully formed heartwood?", "id": "56f9f869f34c681400b0bf18", "answers": [{"text": "dead", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Despite being considered dead, what can heartwood have one chemical reaction to?", "id": "56f9f869f34c681400b0bf19", "answers": [{"text": "decay organisms", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Heartwood (or duramen) is wood that as a result of a naturally occurring chemical transformation has become more resistant to decay. Heartwood formation occurs spontaneously (it is a genetically programmed process). Once heartwood formation is complete, the heartwood is dead. Some uncertainty still exists as to whether heartwood is truly dead, as it can still chemically react to decay organisms, but only once."}], ["Heartwood sering secara visual berbeza daripada sapwood yang hidup, dan boleh dibezakan dalam bahagian silang di mana batas akan cenderung mengikuti cincin pertumbuhan. Contohnya, kadang-kadang lebih gelap. Walau bagaimanapun, proses lain seperti pencerobohan atau pencerobohan serangga juga boleh menghilangkan kayu, walaupun dalam tumbuhan berkayu yang tidak membentuk hati, yang mungkin mengakibatkan kekeliruan. <> Dalam bahagian mana bahagian silang pokok itu kelihatan hati? || cincin pertumbuhan <> Apa perbezaan warna mudah yang boleh membuat hati yang membuat ia menonjol dari kayu hidup di dalam pokok? || Lebih gelap <> Bersama dengan serangan serangga, proses apa yang boleh menghalang kayu dan membuatnya kelihatan seperti jantung? || kerosakan <> Apakah jenis tumbuh-tumbuhan tidak pernah membentuk heartwood? || kayu <> Apa kayu hidup di dalam pokok yang dipanggil? || sapwood", {"qas": [{"question": "In what part of a tree's cross-section is heartwood visible?", "id": "56f9f994f34c681400b0bf1f", "answers": [{"text": "growth rings", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What simple color distinction can heartwood have that makes it stand out from living wood in a tree?", "id": "56f9f994f34c681400b0bf20", "answers": [{"text": "darker", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with insect infestation, what process can discolor wood and make it look like heartwood?", "id": "56f9f994f34c681400b0bf21", "answers": [{"text": "decay", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of plants never form heartwood?", "id": "56f9f994f34c681400b0bf22", "answers": [{"text": "woody", "answer_start": 295}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the living wood in a tree called?", "id": "56f9f994f34c681400b0bf23", "answers": [{"text": "sapwood", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Heartwood is often visually distinct from the living sapwood, and can be distinguished in a cross-section where the boundary will tend to follow the growth rings. For example, it is sometimes much darker. However, other processes such as decay or insect invasion can also discolor wood, even in woody plants that do not form heartwood, which may lead to confusion."}], ["Istilah heartwood berasal semata-mata dari kedudukannya dan bukan dari mana-mana penting untuk pokok itu. Ini terbukti dengan hakikat bahawa pokok boleh berkembang dengan sepenuh hati sepenuhnya busuk. Sesetengah spesies mula membentuk heartwood sangat awal dalam hidup, jadi hanya mempunyai lapisan sapu yang hidup, sementara pada orang lain perubahannya perlahan-lahan. Tipu sapwood adalah ciri spesies seperti chestnut, locust hitam, mulberry, osage-orange, dan sassafras, manakala di maple, abu, hickory, hackberry, beech, dan pain, sapwood tebal adalah peraturan. Lain-lain tidak pernah membentuk heartwood. <> Jika pokok mula membentuk heartwood dengan segera, akan lapisan sapwoodnya menjadi nipis atau tebal? || nipis <> Apa harta kayu hangat yang tidak ada kaitan dengan betapa pentingnya pokok itu mendapat namanya? || kedudukan <> Adakah pohon beech biasanya mempunyai sapwood tipis atau tebal? || tebal <> Adakah pokok sassafras biasanya mempunyai lapisan sapwood yang tipis atau tebal? || Tipis <> Adakah lapisan sapwood yang tebal atau tebal boleh didapati di dalam pokok pain? || tebal", {"qas": [{"question": "If a tree starts forming heartwood right away, will its sapwood layer be thin or thick?", "id": "56f9fcfbf34c681400b0bf33", "answers": [{"text": "thin", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What property of heartwood that has nothing to do with how important it is to trees got it its name?", "id": "56f9fcfbf34c681400b0bf34", "answers": [{"text": "position", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does a beech tree usually have thin or thick sapwood?", "id": "56f9fcfbf34c681400b0bf35", "answers": [{"text": "thick", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does a sassafras tree typically have a thin or thick sapwood layer?", "id": "56f9fcfbf34c681400b0bf36", "answers": [{"text": "Thin", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Would a thin or a thick sapwood layer be found in a pine tree?", "id": "56f9fcfbf34c681400b0bf37", "answers": [{"text": "thick", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The term heartwood derives solely from its position and not from any vital importance to the tree. This is evidenced by the fact that a tree can thrive with its heart completely decayed. Some species begin to form heartwood very early in life, so having only a thin layer of live sapwood, while in others the change comes slowly. Thin sapwood is characteristic of such species as chestnut, black locust, mulberry, osage-orange, and sassafras, while in maple, ash, hickory, hackberry, beech, and pine, thick sapwood is the rule. Others never form heartwood."}], ["Dalam beberapa aplikasi dekoratif, kayu dengan simpulan mungkin wajar untuk menambah minat visual. Dalam aplikasi di mana kayu dicat, seperti papan skirting, papan fascia, bingkai pintu dan perabot, resin yang terdapat di dalam kayu boleh terus berdarah melalui permukaan simpulan selama berbulan-bulan atau bahkan bertahun-tahun selepas mengeluarkan dan menunjukkan sebagai kuning atau noda kekuningan. Cat atau larutan primer simpulan, yang digunakan dengan betul semasa persediaan, mungkin banyak untuk mengurangkan masalah ini tetapi sukar dikawal sepenuhnya, terutamanya apabila menggunakan stok kayu kering kiln yang dihasilkan secara massal. <> Komponen visual apa yang positif boleh simpul terkadang menambah kepingan hiasan? || faedah <> Istilah apa yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan apa yang boleh dilakukan oleh knot untuk menjejaskan penamat benda-benda yang dibuat dari kayu walaupun mereka telah dicat? || berdarah <> Adakah berdarah mudah atau sukar dikawal? || sukar <> Noda dari pendarahan simpulan biasanya berwarna kecoklatan atau apa warna lain? || kuning <> Dalam apa peringkat pemprosesan utama simpulan perlu digunakan untuk keberkesanan maksimum? || penyediaan", {"qas": [{"question": "What positive visual component can knots sometimes add to decorative pieces?", "id": "56f9f78c8f12f31900630019", "answers": [{"text": "interest", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term is used to describe what knots can do to affect the finish of things made from wood even when they've been painted?", "id": "56f9f78c8f12f3190063001a", "answers": [{"text": "bleed", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is bleed easy or difficult to control?", "id": "56f9f78c8f12f3190063001b", "answers": [{"text": "difficult", "answer_start": 481}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The stain from a knot bleeding is usually brownish or what other color?", "id": "56f9f78c8f12f3190063001c", "answers": [{"text": "yellow", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what stage of processing does knot primer need to be applied for maximum effectiveness?", "id": "56f9f78c8f12f3190063001d", "answers": [{"text": "preparation", "answer_start": 423}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In some decorative applications, wood with knots may be desirable to add visual interest. In applications where wood is painted, such as skirting boards, fascia boards, door frames and furniture, resins present in the timber may continue to 'bleed' through to the surface of a knot for months or even years after manufacture and show as a yellow or brownish stain. A knot primer paint or solution, correctly applied during preparation, may do much to reduce this problem but it is difficult to control completely, especially when using mass-produced kiln-dried timber stocks."}], ["Tiada hubungan pasti wujud antara cincin pertumbuhan tahunan dan jumlah sapwood. Dalam spesies yang sama, luas keratan rentas sapwood sangat berkadaran dengan saiz mahkota pokok tersebut. Sekiranya cincin yang sempit, lebih banyak daripada mereka diperlukan dari mana mereka luas. Apabila pokok itu menjadi lebih besar, sapwood semestinya menjadi lebih nipis atau meningkatkan jumlah bahan. Sapwood tebal di bahagian atas batang pokok daripada dekat pangkalan, kerana umur dan diameter bahagian atas kurang. <> Apa bahagian pokok adalah kawasan keratan rentas sapwood kira-kira berkadaran dengan? || mahkota <> Adakah lebih banyak cincin diperlukan jika mereka sempit atau luas? || sempit <> Sebagai pokok tumbuh lebih besar, jika lapisan sapwood tidak meningkat dalam jumlah, apa yang akan menjadi? || nipis <> Dalam apa bahagian batang pohon adalah lapisan sapwood nipis? || berhampiran dasar <> Bersama dengan diameter lebih kecil batang atas, faktor apa yang menyebabkan sapwood nipis naik ke atas pokok? || umur", {"qas": [{"question": "What part of a tree is the cross-sectional area of the sapwood approximately proportional to?", "id": "56f9fe9b8f12f31900630047", "answers": [{"text": "crown", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Are more rings necessary if they're narrow or wide?", "id": "56f9fe9b8f12f31900630048", "answers": [{"text": "narrow", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As a tree grows bigger, if the sapwood layer doesn't increase in volume, what will it become?", "id": "56f9fe9b8f12f31900630049", "answers": [{"text": "thinner", "answer_start": 359}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what part of the tree trunk is the sapwood layer thinnest?", "id": "56f9fe9b8f12f3190063004a", "answers": [{"text": "near the base", "answer_start": 469}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the smaller diameter of the upper trunk, what factor leads to thinner sapwood higher up a tree?", "id": "56f9fe9b8f12f3190063004b", "answers": [{"text": "age", "answer_start": 496}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "No definite relation exists between the annual rings of growth and the amount of sapwood. Within the same species the cross-sectional area of the sapwood is very roughly proportional to the size of the crown of the tree. If the rings are narrow, more of them are required than where they are wide. As the tree gets larger, the sapwood must necessarily become thinner or increase materially in volume. Sapwood is thicker in the upper portion of the trunk of a tree than near the base, because the age and the diameter of the upper sections are less."}], ["Sekiranya pokok tumbuh sepanjang hayatnya dan syarat-syarat tanah dan tapak kekal tidak berubah, ia akan menjadi pertumbuhan paling pesat dalam belia, dan secara beransur-ansur menurun. Cincin pertumbuhan tahunan selama bertahun-tahun agak luas, tetapi kemudiannya menjadi sempit dan sempit. Memandangkan setiap cincin yang berjaya diletakkan di luar kayu yang telah terbentuk sebelum ini, ia tidak dapat dipisahkan melainkan jika pokok secara material meningkatkan pengeluaran kayu dari tahun ke tahun, cincin mestilah menjadi lebih kurus apabila batangnya menjadi lebih lebar. Sebagai pokok mencapai kematangan mahkota menjadi lebih terbuka dan pengeluaran kayu tahunan berkurang, dengan itu mengurangkan lagi lebar cincin pertumbuhan. Dalam kes pokok hutan yang tumbuh sangat bergantung kepada persaingan pokok dalam perjuangan mereka untuk cahaya dan makanan yang tempoh pertumbuhan pesat dan perlahan mungkin bergantian. Sesetengah pokok, seperti oak selatan, mengekalkan lebar cincin yang sama selama beratus-ratus tahun. Walau bagaimanapun, secara keseluruhan, sebagai pokok mendapat diameter yang lebih besar lebar cincin pertumbuhan menurun. <> Dalam apa tahap kehidupannya, pokoknya biasanya tumbuh paling pantas? || Belia <> Sebagai usia pokok, cincin pertumbuhannya biasanya menjadi lebih luas atau sempit? || sempit <> Apa bahagian pokok membuka dan menyebar lebih banyak apabila ia matang? || mahkota <> Adakah pengeluaran kayu pokok berkurang atau bertambah seperti umur? || kurang berkurang <> Bersama nutrien, apakah pokok yang tumbuh di hutan harus bersaing? || cahaya", {"qas": [{"question": "In what stage of its life does a tree usually grow the fastest?", "id": "56fa04db8f12f31900630095", "answers": [{"text": "youth", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As a tree ages, do its growth rings usually get wider or narrower?", "id": "56fa04db8f12f31900630096", "answers": [{"text": "narrower", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of a tree opens and spreads out more as it matures?", "id": "56fa04db8f12f31900630097", "answers": [{"text": "crown", "answer_start": 543}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is wood production of a tree lessened or increased as it ages?", "id": "56fa04db8f12f31900630098", "answers": [{"text": "lessened", "answer_start": 601}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with nutrients, what do trees growing in forests have to compete for?", "id": "56fa04db8f12f31900630099", "answers": [{"text": "light", "answer_start": 776}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "If a tree grows all its life in the open and the conditions of soil and site remain unchanged, it will make its most rapid growth in youth, and gradually decline. The annual rings of growth are for many years quite wide, but later they become narrower and narrower. Since each succeeding ring is laid down on the outside of the wood previously formed, it follows that unless a tree materially increases its production of wood from year to year, the rings must necessarily become thinner as the trunk gets wider. As a tree reaches maturity its crown becomes more open and the annual wood production is lessened, thereby reducing still more the width of the growth rings. In the case of forest-grown trees so much depends upon the competition of the trees in their struggle for light and nourishment that periods of rapid and slow growth may alternate. Some trees, such as southern oaks, maintain the same width of ring for hundreds of years. Upon the whole, however, as a tree gets larger in diameter the width of the growth rings decreases."}], ["Sapwood (atau alburnum) adalah kayu yang lebih muda, paling luar; dalam pokok yang tumbuh itu adalah kayu hidup, dan fungsi utamanya adalah untuk menjalankan air dari akar ke daun dan untuk menyimpan dan memberi kembali mengikut musim rizab yang disediakan di daun. Walau bagaimanapun, apabila mereka menjadi cekap untuk menjalankan air, semua tracheid dan vesel xylem telah kehilangan sitoplasma mereka dan sel-sel itu berfungsi secara fizikal. Semua kayu dalam pokok pertama terbentuk sebagai sapwood. Semakin banyak daun beruang pokok dan semakin kuat pertumbuhannya, semakin besar jumlah sapwood diperlukan. Oleh itu pokok-pokok yang membuat pertumbuhan pesat di kawasan terbuka mempunyai sapwood tebal untuk saiznya berbanding pokok-pokok spesies yang sama yang tumbuh di hutan yang padat. Kadang-kadang pokok (spesies yang membentuk heartwood) yang tumbuh di kawasan terbuka boleh menjadi ukuran yang besar, diameter 30 cm atau lebih, sebelum mana-mana buah hati mulai membentuk, contohnya, dalam tumbuh-tumbuhan kedua yang tumbuh-tumbuhan atau tumbuh-tumbuhan. <> Istilah apa yang dipertukarkan dengan \"sapwood\"? || alburnum <> Adakah sapwood yang lebih muda atau lebih tua kayu di dalam pokok? || Lebih muda <> Apa cecair penting ialah sapwood yang ditugaskan dengan membawa sekitar pokok? || air <> Berapa banyak kayu di dalam pokok adalah sapwood pada satu ketika dalam hidupnya? || Semua <> Adakah pokok yang tumbuh dengan cepat di tempat terbuka mempunyai sapwood yang lebih kurus atau tebal untuk saiznya daripada jenis pokok yang sama di hutan yang padat? || tebal", {"qas": [{"question": "What term is interchangeable with \"sapwood\"?", "id": "56f9fb8df34c681400b0bf29", "answers": [{"text": "alburnum", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is sapwood the younger or older wood in a tree?", "id": "56f9fb8df34c681400b0bf2a", "answers": [{"text": "younger", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What essential liquid is the sapwood tasked with carrying around a tree?", "id": "56f9fb8df34c681400b0bf2b", "answers": [{"text": "water", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of the wood in a tree is sapwood at some point in its life?", "id": "56f9fb8df34c681400b0bf2c", "answers": [{"text": "All", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does a tree growing quickly out in the open have thinner or thicker sapwood for its size than the same kind of tree in a dense forest?", "id": "56f9fb8df34c681400b0bf2d", "answers": [{"text": "thicker", "answer_start": 630}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Sapwood (or alburnum) is the younger, outermost wood; in the growing tree it is living wood, and its principal functions are to conduct water from the roots to the leaves and to store up and give back according to the season the reserves prepared in the leaves. However, by the time they become competent to conduct water, all xylem tracheids and vessels have lost their cytoplasm and the cells are therefore functionally dead. All wood in a tree is first formed as sapwood. The more leaves a tree bears and the more vigorous its growth, the larger the volume of sapwood required. Hence trees making rapid growth in the open have thicker sapwood for their size than trees of the same species growing in dense forests. Sometimes trees (of species that do form heartwood) grown in the open may become of considerable size, 30 cm or more in diameter, before any heartwood begins to form, for example, in second-growth hickory, or open-grown pines."}], ["Apabila pokok sangat muda, ia ditutup dengan anggota badan hampir, jika tidak sepenuhnya, ke tanah, tetapi apabila ia menjadi semakin tua atau sebahagiannya akhirnya akan mati dan dipecahkan atau dimatikan. Pertumbuhan kayu seterusnya dapat menyembunyikan stubs yang tetap sebagai knot. Tidak kira betapa licin dan jelas log ada di luar, lebih kurang rumit berhampiran pertengahan. Akibatnya, sapwood dari pokok lama, dan terutama dari pokok hutan yang tumbuh, akan lebih bebas dari simpulan daripada hati hati batin. Oleh kerana kebanyakan kegunaan kayu, simpul adalah kecacatan yang melemahkan kayu dan mengganggu kemudahan dan sifat-sifat lain, ia mengikuti sepotong sapwood yang diberikan, kerana kedudukannya di dalam pokok itu, mungkin lebih kuat daripada sepotong heartwood dari pokok yang sama. <> Apa yang biasanya meliputi seluruh batang pokok yang sangat muda? || anggota badan <> Apakah keterangan mengenai jejak kaki yang hilang pohon dapat dilihat di dalam kayu? || knot <> Dalam pokok yang sangat tua, adakah anda lebih cenderung untuk mencari banyak simpulan di jantung atau sapwood? || heartwood <> Apa yang menyembunyikan batang anggota pokok yang hilang dari kelihatan di kemudian hari? || Pertumbuhan berikutnya <> Oleh kerana knot adalah kecacatan yang melemahkan kayu, adakah kayu hati atau sapwood dari pokok yang sama menjadi lebih kuat? || sapwood", {"qas": [{"question": "What usually covers the whole trunk of a very young tree?", "id": "56fa00f28f12f31900630051", "answers": [{"text": "limbs", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What evidence of the stubs of the limbs a tree loses can always be seen in the wood?", "id": "56fa00f28f12f31900630052", "answers": [{"text": "knots", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In a very old tree, are you more likely to find a lot of knots in the heartwood or the sapwood?", "id": "56fa00f28f12f31900630053", "answers": [{"text": "heartwood", "answer_start": 509}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What hides the stubs of a tree's lost limbs from being visible later in its life?", "id": "56fa00f28f12f31900630054", "answers": [{"text": "Subsequent growth", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Since knots are defects that weaken lumber, would the heartwood or the sapwood from the same tree be stronger?", "id": "56fa00f28f12f31900630055", "answers": [{"text": "sapwood", "answer_start": 683}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "When a tree is very young it is covered with limbs almost, if not entirely, to the ground, but as it grows older some or all of them will eventually die and are either broken off or fall off. Subsequent growth of wood may completely conceal the stubs which will however remain as knots. No matter how smooth and clear a log is on the outside, it is more or less knotty near the middle. Consequently, the sapwood of an old tree, and particularly of a forest-grown tree, will be freer from knots than the inner heartwood. Since in most uses of wood, knots are defects that weaken the timber and interfere with its ease of working and other properties, it follows that a given piece of sapwood, because of its position in the tree, may well be stronger than a piece of heartwood from the same tree."}], ["Pengeringan menghasilkan peningkatan yang ditentukan dalam kekuatan kayu, terutamanya dalam spesimen kecil. Satu contoh ekstrim adalah kes sekat yang hampir kering 5 cm di seksyen, yang akan mengekalkan beban tetap empat kali lebih besar seperti blok hijau (belum dibina) yang sama saiz akan. <> Apa yang akan pengeringan kerap meningkat di dalam kayu? || kekuatan <> Warna apa juga digunakan secara bergantian dengan \"undried\" untuk kayu? || hijau <> Jenis kayu apa yang boleh memegang empat kali lebih banyak beban apabila dikeringkan? || merapikan", {"qas": [{"question": "What will drying often increase in wood?", "id": "56fa160f8f12f319006300c3", "answers": [{"text": "strength", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What color is also used interchangeably with \"undried\" for wood?", "id": "56fa160f8f12f319006300c4", "answers": [{"text": "green", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of wood can hold four times as much of a load when dried?", "id": "56fa160f8f12f319006300c5", "answers": [{"text": "spruce", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Drying produces a decided increase in the strength of wood, particularly in small specimens. An extreme example is the case of a completely dry spruce block 5 cm in section, which will sustain a permanent load four times as great as a green (undried) block of the same size will."}], ["Kayu adalah bahan heterogen, hygroscopic, selular dan anisotropik. Ia terdiri daripada sel-sel, dan dinding sel terdiri daripada mikro-fibril selulosa (40% - 50%) dan hemiselulosa (15% - 25%) diregregasikan dengan lignin (15% - 30%). <> Bersama dengan hygroscopic, cellular, dan anisotropic, bagaimanakah bahan kayu digambarkan? || heterogen <> Apa kayu terdiri daripada? || sel <> Apakah sebahagian daripada sel kayu terdiri daripada selulosa dan hemiselulosa? || dinding <> Apa yang membentuk 40-50% dinding sel di dalam kayu? || selulosa <> Apakah bahan hemiselulosa yang diresapi dengan? || lignin", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with hygroscopic, cellular, and anisotropic, how is the material of wood described?", "id": "56fa19cc8f12f319006300c9", "answers": [{"text": "heterogeneous", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does wood consist of?", "id": "56fa19cc8f12f319006300ca", "answers": [{"text": "cells", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of wood's cells are composed of cellulose and hemicellulose?", "id": "56fa19cc8f12f319006300cb", "answers": [{"text": "walls", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What makes up 40-50% of the cell walls in wood?", "id": "56fa19cc8f12f319006300cc", "answers": [{"text": "cellulose", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What substance is hemicellulose impregnated with?", "id": "56fa19cc8f12f319006300cd", "answers": [{"text": "lignin", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Wood is a heterogeneous, hygroscopic, cellular and anisotropic material. It consists of cells, and the cell walls are composed of micro-fibrils of cellulose (40% \u2013 50%) and hemicellulose (15% \u2013 25%) impregnated with lignin (15% \u2013 30%)."}], ["Dalam heartwood ia berlaku hanya dalam bentuk pertama dan terakhir. Kayu yang kering sekali udara mengekalkan 8-16% air di dalam dinding sel, dan tidak ada, atau praktikal tidak, dalam bentuk lain. Walaupun kayu kering oven tetap mempunyai peratusan kecil kelembapan, tetapi untuk semua kecuali tujuan kimia, boleh dianggap benar-benar kering. <> Apa kayu disimpan dalam dinding sel walaupun kering? || Air <> Kayu kering terus sehingga berapa peratus air di dalam dinding selnya? || 16 <> Apa jenis kayu kering mengekalkan kuantiti air yang kecil tetapi dianggap benar-benar kering? || ketuhar", {"qas": [{"question": "What does wood retain in its cell walls despite being air-dried?", "id": "56fa115c8f12f319006300bd", "answers": [{"text": "water", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Air-dried wood keeps up to what percentage of the water in its cell walls?", "id": "56fa115c8f12f319006300be", "answers": [{"text": "16", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of dried wood retains a small quantity of water but is considered absolutely dry?", "id": "56fa115c8f12f319006300bf", "answers": [{"text": "oven-dried", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In heartwood it occurs only in the first and last forms. Wood that is thoroughly air-dried retains 8\u201316% of the water in the cell walls, and none, or practically none, in the other forms. Even oven-dried wood retains a small percentage of moisture, but for all except chemical purposes, may be considered absolutely dry."}], ["Peningkatan kekuatan yang besar disebabkan oleh pengeringan adalah dalam kekuatan penghancuran mutlak, dan kekuatan pada batas anjal dalam pemampatan beriranan; ini diikuti dengan modulus pecah, dan tegasan pada had elastik dalam silang lentur, manakala modulus keanjalan paling kurang terjejas. <> Jenis jenis \"ultimate\" kekuatan adalah salah satu daripada dua jenis yang paling banyak dipertingkatkan dengan pengeringan kayu? || menghancurkan </> Apa harta kayu paling kurang dipengaruhi oleh pengeringan? || keanjalan <> Adakah kekuatan pada had anjal dalam mampatan atau struktangan endwise pada had anjal dalam silang lentur meningkat dengan mengeringkan kayu? || kekuatan pada had anjal dalam mampatan beriringan <> Adakah kekuatan modulus pecah atau keanjalan meningkat lebih apabila kayu dikeringkan? || modulus pecah", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of \"ultimate\" strength is one of the two types increased the most by drying wood?", "id": "56fa184cf34c681400b0bfab", "answers": [{"text": "crushing", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What property of wood is least affected by drying?", "id": "56fa184cf34c681400b0bfac", "answers": [{"text": "elasticity", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is strength at elastic limit in endwise compression or stress at elastic limit in cross-bending increased more by drying wood?", "id": "56fa184cf34c681400b0bfad", "answers": [{"text": "strength at elastic limit in endwise compression", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is the strength of the modulus of rupture or elasticity increased more when wood is dried?", "id": "56fa184cf34c681400b0bfae", "answers": [{"text": "modulus of rupture", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The greatest strength increase due to drying is in the ultimate crushing strength, and strength at elastic limit in endwise compression; these are followed by the modulus of rupture, and stress at elastic limit in cross-bending, while the modulus of elasticity is least affected."}], ["Penyulingan kayu yang tidak normal sering menunjukkan keadaan berpenyakit, yang menunjukkan ketidakpastian. Pemeriksaan hitam di hemlock barat adalah hasil serangan serangga. Garis-garis coklat kemerahan yang biasa terjadi di hickory dan beberapa kayu lain kebanyakannya disebabkan oleh kecederaan oleh burung. Perubahan warna adalah semata-mata tanda-tanda kecederaan, dan dalam kebarangkalian semua tidak dengan sendirinya mempengaruhi sifat-sifat kayu. Kulat yang menghasilkan penuaan tertentu menyampaikan kepada warna ciri-ciri kayu yang dengan demikian menjadi gejala kelemahan; Walau bagaimanapun kesan yang menarik yang dikenali sebagai spalting yang dihasilkan oleh proses ini sering dianggap sebagai ciri yang wajar. Sap semula biasa adalah disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan kulat, tetapi tidak semestinya menghasilkan kesan yang lemah. <> Keadaan apa warna biasa yang ditunjukkan di dalam kayu? || berpenyakit <> Apa harta lain yang boleh anda anggap kayu yang berpenyakit? || Unsoundness <> Apa yang menyebabkan corak diperiksa hitam di kayu hemlocks barat? || serangan serangga <> Apa haiwan yang menyebabkan garis-garis berwarna coklat kemerahan di kayu Hickory? || burung <> Apakah nama untuk kesan pewarnaan yang cantik yang disebabkan oleh beberapa kayu oleh kulat yang menghasilkan penuaan? || spalting", {"qas": [{"question": "What condition does an abnormal color usually indicate in wood?", "id": "56fa104bf34c681400b0bf97", "answers": [{"text": "diseased", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other property can you assume of wood that is diseased?", "id": "56fa104bf34c681400b0bf98", "answers": [{"text": "unsoundness", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What causes the black checked pattern in the wood of western hemlocks?", "id": "56fa104bf34c681400b0bf99", "answers": [{"text": "insect attacks", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What animals cause the reddish-brown streaks of color in hickory wood?", "id": "56fa104bf34c681400b0bf9a", "answers": [{"text": "birds", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the name for the pretty coloring effect caused in some wood by rot-producing fungi?", "id": "56fa104bf34c681400b0bf9b", "answers": [{"text": "spalting", "answer_start": 551}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Abnormal discoloration of wood often denotes a diseased condition, indicating unsoundness. The black check in western hemlock is the result of insect attacks. The reddish-brown streaks so common in hickory and certain other woods are mostly the result of injury by birds. The discoloration is merely an indication of an injury, and in all probability does not of itself affect the properties of the wood. Certain rot-producing fungi impart to wood characteristic colors which thus become symptomatic of weakness; however an attractive effect known as spalting produced by this process is often considered a desirable characteristic. Ordinary sap-staining is due to fungal growth, but does not necessarily produce a weakening effect."}], ["Oleh sebab cincin pertumbuhan biasanya lebih gelap daripada warna awal, fakta ini boleh digunakan untuk menilai ketumpatan, dan oleh itu kekerasan dan kekuatan bahan. Ini terutamanya berlaku dengan hutan konifer. Di dalam kayu cincin yang berliang, kapal-kapal kayu awal tidak jarang muncul di permukaan yang selesai sebagai lebih gelap daripada batang kayu yang lebih padat, walaupun pada bahagian silang heartwood terbalik lazimnya benar. Kecuali dengan cara yang dinyatakan warna kayu tidak menunjukkan kekuatan. <> Antara kayu dalam cincin pertumbuhan biasanya lebih gelap? || latewood <> Yang manakah kayu pokok yang memberi petunjuk tentang kekuatan dan kekerasannya boleh diadili oleh warna itu? || kepadatan <> Apakah kategori pokok menunjukkan perbezaan ini? || konifer <> Jenis kayu yang kadang-kadang mungkin kelihatan lebih awal daripada permukaan kayu yang lebih gelap? || cincin berliang <> Dengan pengecualian perbezaan awal di awal kayu / latewood di beberapa jenis pokok, berapa banyak petunjuk kekuatan adalah warna kayu? || tiada petunjuk", {"qas": [{"question": "Which of the wood in a growth ring is usually darker?", "id": "56fa0e0df34c681400b0bf8d", "answers": [{"text": "latewood", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which property of a tree's wood that gives clues about its strength and hardness can be judged by it's color?", "id": "56fa0e0df34c681400b0bf8e", "answers": [{"text": "density", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What category of trees show this difference greatly?", "id": "56fa0e0df34c681400b0bf8f", "answers": [{"text": "coniferous", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of woods might sometimes appear to have darker earlywood on a finished surface?", "id": "56fa0e0df34c681400b0bf90", "answers": [{"text": "ring-porous", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With the exception of earlywood/latewood difference in some types of trees, how much of an indication of strength is a wood's color?", "id": "56fa0e0df34c681400b0bf91", "answers": [{"text": "no indication", "answer_start": 494}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Since the latewood of a growth ring is usually darker in color than the earlywood, this fact may be used in judging the density, and therefore the hardness and strength of the material. This is particularly the case with coniferous woods. In ring-porous woods the vessels of the early wood not infrequently appear on a finished surface as darker than the denser latewood, though on cross sections of heartwood the reverse is commonly true. Except in the manner just stated the color of wood is no indication of strength."}], ["Kesan umum kandungan air pada bahan kayu adalah untuk menjadikannya lebih lembut dan lebih lentur. Kesan yang sama pemerhatian biasa adalah dalam tindakan melembutkan air pada mentah, kertas, atau kain. Dalam batasan tertentu, semakin besar kandungan air, semakin besar kesan melembutkannya. <> Seringkali air di dalam kayu menjadikannya lebih lentur dan apa lagi? || lembut <> Apa bahan yang kadang-kadang digunakan untuk mengunyah anjing bertindak balas sama dengan kayu kerana kandungan airnya? || rawhide <> Apa bahan yang kita gunakan untuk menulis atau mencetak, seperti kayu, menjadi lebih lembut dan lebih lentur ketika basah? || kertas <> Apabila kandungan air meningkat dalam had tertentu dalam kayu, adakah mempunyai kesan pelunakan yang kurang atau lebih besar? || lebih besar <> Apakah jenis tindakan yang dibuat oleh air dalam kain? || melembutkan", {"qas": [{"question": "Often the water in wood makes it more pliable and what else?", "id": "56fa142af34c681400b0bfa1", "answers": [{"text": "softer", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What material sometimes used for dog chews reacts similarly to wood because of its water content?", "id": "56fa142af34c681400b0bfa2", "answers": [{"text": "rawhide", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What material we use to write or print on, like wood, becomes softer and more pliable when wet?", "id": "56fa142af34c681400b0bfa3", "answers": [{"text": "paper", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When water content increases within certain limits in wood, does is have a less or greater softening effect?", "id": "56fa142af34c681400b0bfa4", "answers": [{"text": "greater", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of action does water create in cloth?", "id": "56fa142af34c681400b0bfa5", "answers": [{"text": "softening", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The general effect of the water content upon the wood substance is to render it softer and more pliable. A similar effect of common observation is in the softening action of water on rawhide, paper, or cloth. Within certain limits, the greater the water content, the greater its softening effect."}], ["Potongan kayu yang berbeza dari pokok besar mungkin berbeza, terutamanya jika pokok itu besar dan matang. Dalam sesetengah pokok, kayu yang diletakkan di atas hayat pokok adalah lebih lembut, lebih ringan, lemah, dan lebih bertekstur daripada yang dihasilkan sebelum ini, tetapi di pokok lain, sebaliknya berlaku. Ini mungkin atau mungkin tidak sepadan dengan heartwood dan sapwood. Dalam log yang besar, sapwood, kerana masa dalam kehidupan pokok apabila ia ditanam, mungkin lebih rendah dalam kekerasan, kekuatan, dan ketangguhan untuk kayu hati yang sama bunyi dari kayu yang sama. Dalam pokok yang lebih kecil, sebaliknya mungkin benar. <> Apabila pokok besar dipotong, adakah potongan kayu berbeza atau semuanya sama? || Berbeza <> Dalam log yang besar, akan kayu jati atau sapwood biasanya menjadi lebih kuat dan lebih sukar? || heartwood <> Jika anda memerlukan kayu yang sangat keras, kuat dari pokok kecil, adakah mungkin lebih baik menggunakan kayu hati atau sapwood? || sapwood <> Selain pokok-pokok besar, apakah pokok yang lebih cenderung mempunyai pelbagai jenis kayu? || matang", {"qas": [{"question": "When a big tree is cut up, will the pieces of wood differ or all be the same?", "id": "56fa0745f34c681400b0bf5d", "answers": [{"text": "differ", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In a large log, will the heartwood or sapwood usually be stronger and tougher?", "id": "56fa0745f34c681400b0bf5e", "answers": [{"text": "heartwood", "answer_start": 510}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If you need really hard, strong wood from a small tree, would it likely be better to use the heartwood or sapwood?", "id": "56fa0745f34c681400b0bf5f", "answers": [{"text": "sapwood", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides big trees, what trees are more likely to have a range of different kinds of wood?", "id": "56fa0745f34c681400b0bf60", "answers": [{"text": "mature", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Different pieces of wood cut from a large tree may differ decidedly, particularly if the tree is big and mature. In some trees, the wood laid on late in the life of a tree is softer, lighter, weaker, and more even-textured than that produced earlier, but in other trees, the reverse applies. This may or may not correspond to heartwood and sapwood. In a large log the sapwood, because of the time in the life of the tree when it was grown, may be inferior in hardness, strength, and toughness to equally sound heartwood from the same log. In a smaller tree, the reverse may be true."}], ["Dalam spesies yang menunjukkan perbezaan yang berbeza antara heartwood dan sapwood warna semula jadi heartwood biasanya lebih gelap daripada sapwood, dan sangat kerap kontras adalah jelas (lihat bahagian yew log di atas). Ini dihasilkan oleh deposit di kayu tengah bahan kimia, supaya perbezaan warna dramatik tidak bermakna perbezaan dramatik dalam sifat-sifat mekanik heartwood dan sapwood, walaupun terdapat perbezaan kimia yang dramatik. <> Apabila pokok mempunyai perbezaan warna di antara sapwood dan heartwood, yang lebih gelap? || heartwood <> Apa yang disimpan secara semula jadi dalam hati jantung yang mengubah warnanya? || bahan kimia <> Adakah perbezaan warna antara heartwood dan sapwood biasanya sangat halus atau mudah dilihat? || </> Apa jenis sifat hati dan sapwood selalunya sama walaupun warna mereka sangat berbeza? || mekanik <> Walaupun heartwood dan sapwood mungkin sama secara mekanikal, jika warna mereka sangat berbeza, apakah jenis perbezaan lain yang mereka ada? || kimia", {"qas": [{"question": "When trees have a visible difference in color between sapwood and heartwood, which is darker?", "id": "56fa09098f12f3190063009f", "answers": [{"text": "heartwood", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is deposited naturally in heartwood that changes its color?", "id": "56fa09098f12f319006300a0", "answers": [{"text": "chemical substances", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is the color difference between heartwood and sapwood usually very subtle or conspicuous?", "id": "56fa09098f12f319006300a1", "answers": [{"text": "conspicuous", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of properties of heartwood and sapwood is often the same even if their colors are very different?", "id": "56fa09098f12f319006300a2", "answers": [{"text": "mechanical", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Although heartwood and sapwood might be similar mechanically, if their colors are very different, what other type of difference would they have?", "id": "56fa09098f12f319006300a3", "answers": [{"text": "chemical", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In species which show a distinct difference between heartwood and sapwood the natural color of heartwood is usually darker than that of the sapwood, and very frequently the contrast is conspicuous (see section of yew log above). This is produced by deposits in the heartwood of chemical substances, so that a dramatic color difference does not mean a dramatic difference in the mechanical properties of heartwood and sapwood, although there may be a dramatic chemical difference."}], ["Sesetengah eksperimen pada spesimen Longleaf Pine yang sangat resin menunjukkan peningkatan kekuatan, kerana resin yang meningkatkan kekuatan apabila kering. Heartwood-saturated heartwood tersebut dipanggil \"lemak lebih ringan\". Struktur yang dibina daripada pemetik lemak hampir tidak tahan terhadap reput dan rayap; walau bagaimanapun, mereka sangat mudah terbakar. Tunggul pinus longleaf lama sering digali, berpecah menjadi kepingan kecil dan dijual sebagai menyalakan api. Stumps yang digali mungkin benar-benar kekal satu abad atau lebih sejak dipotong. Spruce diresapi dengan resin mentah dan dikeringkan juga sangat bertambah kuat dengan itu. <> Jenis pokok apa yang mempunyai resin yang menjadikannya lebih kuat apabila ia mengering? || Longleaf Pine <> Apa nama lucu untuk heartwood tepu resin? || lemak yang lebih ringan <> Apa lemak yang lebih ringan yang boleh digunakan sebagai tambahan kepada anai-anai? || Rot <> Jika rempah ditembak penuh dengan resin mentah dan kering, yang sifatnya meningkat? || Kekuatan <> Oleh kerana ia sangat mudah terbakar, apa yang orang sering menggunakan sebatang pokok longleaf pokok pinus untuk? || menyalakan", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of tree has resin that makes it stronger when it dries?", "id": "56fa0bfa8f12f319006300b3", "answers": [{"text": "Longleaf Pine", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the funny name for resin-saturated heartwood?", "id": "56fa0bfa8f12f319006300b4", "answers": [{"text": "fat lighter", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is fat lighter practically impervious to in addition to termites?", "id": "56fa0bfa8f12f319006300b5", "answers": [{"text": "rot", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If spruce is shot full of crude resin and dried, which of its properties is increased?", "id": "56fa0bfa8f12f319006300b6", "answers": [{"text": "strength", "answer_start": 558}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Since it's highly flammable, what do people often use little pieces of longleaf pine tree stumps for?", "id": "56fa0bfa8f12f319006300b7", "answers": [{"text": "kindling", "answer_start": 392}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some experiments on very resinous Longleaf Pine specimens indicate an increase in strength, due to the resin which increases the strength when dry. Such resin-saturated heartwood is called \"fat lighter\". Structures built of fat lighter are almost impervious to rot and termites; however they are very flammable. Stumps of old longleaf pines are often dug, split into small pieces and sold as kindling for fires. Stumps thus dug may actually remain a century or more since being cut. Spruce impregnated with crude resin and dried is also greatly increased in strength thereby."}], ["Di dalam hutan cincin yang berputar setiap musim pertumbuhannya sentiasa ditakrifkan dengan baik, kerana liang-liang besar yang terbentuk pada awal musim di atas tisu padat tahun sebelumnya. <> Jenis kayu apa yang sentiasa mempunyai pertumbuhan bermusim yang sangat jelas? || cincin berliang <> Berapa saiz liang yang terbentuk pada musim penanaman kayu berliang? || Besar <> Bilakah tisu yang lebih padat, pori-pori baru datang dari? || tahun lepas", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of woods always have very clearly marked seasonal growth?", "id": "56fa2ab88f12f319006300e7", "answers": [{"text": "ring-porous", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What size pores form early in ring-porous woods' growing season?", "id": "56fa2ab88f12f319006300e8", "answers": [{"text": "large", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When does the denser tissue the new pores abut come from?", "id": "56fa2ab88f12f319006300e9", "answers": [{"text": "the year before", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In ring-porous woods each season's growth is always well defined, because the large pores formed early in the season abut on the denser tissue of the year before."}], ["Ia bukan sahaja perkadaran latewood, tetapi juga kualitinya, yang penting. Dalam spesimen yang memperlihatkan sebahagian besar latewood, ia mungkin kelihatan lebih berliang dan beratnya jauh lebih rendah daripada batang kayu yang ada tetapi sedikit. Orang boleh menghakimi ketumpatan komparatif, dan oleh itu sedikit sebanyak kekuatan, dengan pemeriksaan visual. <> Mempunyai proporsi tinggi latewood tidak semua yang penting; apa lagi yang penting? || kualiti <> Apa yang kita boleh hakim dalam kayu hanya dengan melihatnya? || ketumpatan komparatif <> Apa harta kayu yang kami dapat memperlihatkan beberapa petunjuk dengan melihat ketumpatannya? || kekuatan <> Apa yang kita boleh panggil beberapa spesimen dengan sebahagian besar latewood yang menjelaskan mengapa mereka berat kurang daripada spesimen dengan kayu sedikit kurang? || berliang", {"qas": [{"question": "Having a high proportion of latewood isn't all that matters; what else is important?", "id": "56fa254bf34c681400b0bfdb", "answers": [{"text": "quality", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can we judge in wood just by looking at it?", "id": "56fa254bf34c681400b0bfdc", "answers": [{"text": "comparative density", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What property of wood could we project some indication of by looking at its density?", "id": "56fa254bf34c681400b0bfdd", "answers": [{"text": "strength", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What could we call some specimens with a high proportion of latewood that explains why they weigh less than specimens with much less latewood?", "id": "56fa254bf34c681400b0bfde", "answers": [{"text": "porous", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It is not only the proportion of latewood, but also its quality, that counts. In specimens that show a very large proportion of latewood it may be noticeably more porous and weigh considerably less than the latewood in pieces that contain but little. One can judge comparative density, and therefore to some extent strength, by visual inspection."}], ["Dalam spesies konifer atau lunak kayu, sel kayu kebanyakannya terdiri daripada satu jenis, tracheids, dan hasilnya bahan lebih seragam dalam struktur daripada kebanyakan kayu keras. Tidak ada kapal (\"liang-liang\") dalam kayu konifer seperti yang dilihat dengan jelas di dalam oak dan abu, sebagai contoh. <> Jenis sel apa yang membentuk kebanyakan sel kayu dalam pokok konifer? || tracheids <> Adakah kayu keras atau spesies kayu lembut lebih seragam dalam struktur? || kayu lembut <> Apakah kapal-kapal yang kelihatan di kayu keras yang biasa dipanggil? || liang <> Apa kayu keras yang bermula dengan huruf \"O\" akan mempunyai liang? || oak Selain oak, apakah contoh kayu keras dengan liang yang menonjol? || abu", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of cells makes up most wood cells in coniferous trees?", "id": "56fa1c3d8f12f319006300d3", "answers": [{"text": "tracheids", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Are hardwood or softwood species more uniform in structure?", "id": "56fa1c3d8f12f319006300d4", "answers": [{"text": "softwood", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the visible vessels in hardwoods commonly called?", "id": "56fa1c3d8f12f319006300d5", "answers": [{"text": "pores", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What hardwood that starts with the letter \"O\" would have pores?", "id": "56fa1c3d8f12f319006300d6", "answers": [{"text": "oak", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides oak, what's an example of a hardwood with prominent pores?", "id": "56fa1c3d8f12f319006300d7", "answers": [{"text": "ash", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In coniferous or softwood species the wood cells are mostly of one kind, tracheids, and as a result the material is much more uniform in structure than that of most hardwoods. There are no vessels (\"pores\") in coniferous wood such as one sees so prominently in oak and ash, for example."}], ["Struktur kayu keras lebih rumit. Keupayaan menjalankan air kebanyakannya dijaga oleh kapal: dalam beberapa kes (oak, chestnut, abu) ini agak besar dan berbeza, di lain-lain (buckeye, poplar, willow) terlalu kecil untuk dilihat tanpa kanta tangan. Dalam membincangkan kayu sedemikian, adalah kebiasaan untuk membahagikannya kepada dua kelas besar, cincin berliang dan berpori-poros. <> Adakah struktur kayu keras mudah atau kompleks? || kompleks <> Apa yang mengendalikan kebanyakan pengaliran air dalam kayu keras? || kapal <> Adakah kapal di kayu perang besar atau kecil? || besar <> Dalam kayu dari pokok willow, apa yang anda perlukan untuk melihat kapal kecil? || kanta tangan <> Selain cincin berliang, apakah kayu keras kelas yang lain dibahagikan? || tersebar luas", {"qas": [{"question": "Is the structure of hardwood simple or complex?", "id": "56fa1d25f34c681400b0bfb3", "answers": [{"text": "complex", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What handles most of the water conduction in hardwoods?", "id": "56fa1d25f34c681400b0bfb4", "answers": [{"text": "vessels", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Are the vessels in chestnut wood large or small?", "id": "56fa1d25f34c681400b0bfb5", "answers": [{"text": "large", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In wood from a willow tree, what would you need to use to see the tiny vessels?", "id": "56fa1d25f34c681400b0bfb6", "answers": [{"text": "a hand lens", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides ring-porous, what's the other class hardwoods are often divided into?", "id": "56fa1d25f34c681400b0bfb7", "answers": [{"text": "diffuse-porous", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The structure of hardwoods is more complex. The water conducting capability is mostly taken care of by vessels: in some cases (oak, chestnut, ash) these are quite large and distinct, in others (buckeye, poplar, willow) too small to be seen without a hand lens. In discussing such woods it is customary to divide them into two large classes, ring-porous and diffuse-porous."}], ["Dalam kes kayu keras berliang cincin terdapat nampaknya hubungan yang sangat pasti antara kadar pertumbuhan kayu dan sifatnya. Ini boleh disimpulkan secara ringkas dalam kenyataan umum bahawa pertumbuhan yang lebih pesat atau lebih luas cincin pertumbuhan, semakin berat, lebih keras, kuat, dan lebih keras dari kayu. Ini perlu diingati, hanya berlaku pada kayu cincin seperti oak, abu, hickory, dan lain-lain kumpulan yang sama, dan sudah tentu tertakluk kepada beberapa pengecualian dan batasan. <> Kayu keras bergerigi cincin mempunyai hubungan yang jelas antara sifat mereka dan apa faktor lain? || kadar pertumbuhan <> Lebih keras, kayu lebih berat ditunjukkan oleh cincin pertumbuhan yang lebih sempit atau lebih luas? || lebih luas <> Kayu apa jenis dengan nama yang bermula dengan \"H\" adalah kayu cendawan berliku? || Hickory <> Jika cincin pertumbuhan lebih luas, apakah pertumbuhan pokok itu perlahan atau lebih cepat? || Lebih cepat <> Apa satu-satunya jenis kayu yang pasti akan lebih sukar dan lebih kuat apabila ia tumbuh lebih cepat? || cincin berliang", {"qas": [{"question": "Ring-porous hardwoods have a clear relationship between their properties and what other factor?", "id": "56fa2d76f34c681400b0bfed", "answers": [{"text": "rate of growth", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is harder, heavier wood indicated by narrower or wider growth rings?", "id": "56fa2d76f34c681400b0bfee", "answers": [{"text": "wider", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of wood with a name that starts with \"H\" is a ring-porous hardwood?", "id": "56fa2d76f34c681400b0bfef", "answers": [{"text": "hickory", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If the growth rings are wider, was the growth of the tree slower or more rapid?", "id": "56fa2d76f34c681400b0bff0", "answers": [{"text": "more rapid", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the only kind of wood that will definitely be harder and stronger when it grows faster?", "id": "56fa2d76f34c681400b0bff1", "answers": [{"text": "ring-porous", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the case of the ring-porous hardwoods there seems to exist a pretty definite relation between the rate of growth of timber and its properties. This may be briefly summed up in the general statement that the more rapid the growth or the wider the rings of growth, the heavier, harder, stronger, and stiffer the wood. This, it must be remembered, applies only to ring-porous woods such as oak, ash, hickory, and others of the same group, and is, of course, subject to some exceptions and limitations."}], ["Dalam hutan berliang-berliang, liang-liangnya bersaiz rata supaya keupayaan mengalirkan air bertaburan di sepanjang cincin pertumbuhan dan bukan dikumpulkan dalam satu kumpulan atau baris. Contoh-contoh kayu seperti ini adalah alder, basswood, birch, buckeye, maple, willow, dan spesies Populus seperti aspen, kayu kapas dan poplar. Sesetengah spesies, seperti walnut dan ceri, berada di sempadan antara kedua-dua kelas, membentuk kumpulan perantaraan. [Jenis rujukan] <> Kayu jenis apa jenis yang mempunyai saiz seragam? || tersebar luas <> Spesies apa yang dimiliki oleh aspen, kayu kapas, dan pokok poplar? || Populus <> Dengan walnut, apa lagi pokok dalam kumpulan pertengahan? || ceri <> Keupayaan apa yang tersebar melalui cincin pertumbuhan dalam spesies cincin berliang? || air mengendalikan <> Adakah kayu maple berlubang berliang atau cincin berliang? || tersebar luas", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of woods have pores that are uniformly sized?", "id": "56fa2008f34c681400b0bfc7", "answers": [{"text": "diffuse-porous", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What species do aspen, cottonwood, and poplar trees belong to?", "id": "56fa2008f34c681400b0bfc8", "answers": [{"text": "Populus", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With walnut, what's another tree in the intermediate group?", "id": "56fa2008f34c681400b0bfc9", "answers": [{"text": "cherry", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What capability is spread through the growth ring in ring-porous species?", "id": "56fa2008f34c681400b0bfca", "answers": [{"text": "water conducting", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is maple wood diffuse-porous or ring-porous?", "id": "56fa2008f34c681400b0bfcb", "answers": [{"text": "diffuse-porous", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In diffuse-porous woods the pores are evenly sized so that the water conducting capability is scattered throughout the growth ring instead of being collected in a band or row. Examples of this kind of wood are alder, basswood,[citation needed] birch, buckeye, maple, willow,and the Populus species such as aspen, cottonwood and poplar. Some species, such as walnut and cherry, are on the border between the two classes, forming an intermediate group.[citation needed]"}], ["Tiada penjelasan yang memuaskan dapat diberikan untuk mekanisme yang tepat menentukan pembentukan awal woodwood dan latewood. Beberapa faktor mungkin terlibat. Dalam konifer, sekurang-kurangnya, kadar pertumbuhan sahaja tidak menentukan bahagian kedua-dua bahagian cincin itu, kerana dalam beberapa kes, kayu pertumbuhan perlahan sangat keras dan berat, sedangkan di sisi lain sebaliknya adalah benar. Kualiti tapak di mana pokok tumbuh pasti akan menjejaskan sifat kayu yang terbentuk, walaupun tidak mungkin untuk merumuskan peraturan yang mengaturnya. Secara umum, bagaimanapun, boleh dikatakan bahawa di mana kekuatan atau kemudahan kerja adalah penting, hutan yang sederhana untuk melambatkan pertumbuhan harus dipilih. <> Apakah aspek kayu yang dipengaruhi oleh tahap di mana pokok tumbuh? || watak <> Jika anda mahukan kayu yang mudah dikerjakan, jenis pertumbuhan yang anda ingin pohon itu? || sederhana untuk lambat <> Apa spesies pokok boleh dikatakan untuk perkadaran cincin pertumbuhan yang tidak ditentukan hanya oleh kadar pertumbuhan mereka? || Conifers <> Apa maksud awal dari para saintis yang masih cuba menjelaskan pembentukan? || latewood <> Walaupun ada hubungan antara di mana dan bagaimana pokok tumbuh, apa yang tidak dapat dirumuskan siapa pun untuk memerintahnya? || peraturan", {"qas": [{"question": "What facet of wood is affected to some degree by the place where the tree grows?", "id": "56fa29d8f34c681400b0bfe3", "answers": [{"text": "character", "answer_start": 443}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If you want wood that's easy to work with, what kind of growth would you want the tree to have?", "id": "56fa29d8f34c681400b0bfe4", "answers": [{"text": "moderate to slow", "answer_start": 631}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What species of tree can be said to growth ring proportions that aren't determined just by their rate of growth?", "id": "56fa29d8f34c681400b0bfe5", "answers": [{"text": "conifers", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What counterpart of earlywood are scientists still trying to explain the formation of?", "id": "56fa29d8f34c681400b0bfe6", "answers": [{"text": "latewood", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "While there is some relationship between where and how a tree grows, what can't anyone formulate to govern it?", "id": "56fa29d8f34c681400b0bfe7", "answers": [{"text": "a rule", "answer_start": 512}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "No satisfactory explanation can as yet be given for the exact mechanisms determining the formation of earlywood and latewood. Several factors may be involved. In conifers, at least, rate of growth alone does not determine the proportion of the two portions of the ring, for in some cases the wood of slow growth is very hard and heavy, while in others the opposite is true. The quality of the site where the tree grows undoubtedly affects the character of the wood formed, though it is not possible to formulate a rule governing it. In general, however, it may be said that where strength or ease of working is essential, woods of moderate to slow growth should be chosen."}], ["Jika sekeping pain yang berat dibandingkan dengan sekeping ringan akan dilihat sekaligus bahawa yang lebih berat mengandungi bahagian yang lebih besar dari kayu bakar daripada yang lain, dan oleh itu menunjukkan lebih jelas cincin pertumbuhan yang dibatasi. Dalam pain putih tidak banyak kontras di antara bahagian-bahagian yang berlainan cincin, dan akibatnya kayu sangat seragam dalam tekstur dan mudah untuk digunakan. Di dalam pinus keras, di sisi lain, kayu lapis sangat padat dan berwarna mendalam, memberikan kontras yang sangat dipertimbangkan pada awal kayu lembut lembut. <> Membandingkan sekeping kayu berat dan ringan dari pain, yang akan mempunyai bahagian besar latewood? || berat <> Apa ciri pokok pinus dengan lebih banyak kayu bakar akan lebih jelas dan jelas? || cincin pertumbuhan <> Apa jenis pokok yang mempunyai sedikit perbezaan antara bahagian cincin pertumbuhannya? || pine putih <> Adakah pain putih mudah atau sukar untuk bekerja dengan kerana teksturnya? || mudah <> Apa jenis pokok pinus yang sangat mendalam, berwarna coklat gelap yang menonjol terhadap cahaya earlywood? || pinus keras", {"qas": [{"question": "Comparing a heavy and a lightweight piece of wood from a pine, which would have a greater proportion of latewood?", "id": "56fa236c8f12f319006300dd", "answers": [{"text": "heavy", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What feature of a piece of pine with more latewood would be more clear and pronounced?", "id": "56fa236c8f12f319006300de", "answers": [{"text": "growth rings", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of tree has very little contrast between parts of its growth rings?", "id": "56fa236c8f12f319006300df", "answers": [{"text": "white pines", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is white pine easy or difficult to work with because of its texture?", "id": "56fa236c8f12f319006300e0", "answers": [{"text": "easy", "answer_start": 369}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of pines have very deep, darkly colored hardwood that stands out against the light earlywood?", "id": "56fa236c8f12f319006300e1", "answers": [{"text": "hard pines", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "If a heavy piece of pine is compared with a lightweight piece it will be seen at once that the heavier one contains a larger proportion of latewood than the other, and is therefore showing more clearly demarcated growth rings. In white pines there is not much contrast between the different parts of the ring, and as a result the wood is very uniform in texture and is easy to work. In hard pines, on the other hand, the latewood is very dense and is deep-colored, presenting a very decided contrast to the soft, straw-colored earlywood."}], ["Dalam spesies cincin yang berliang, seperti abu, belalang hitam, catalpa, chestnut, elm, hickory, mulberry, dan oak, kapal atau liang yang lebih besar (seperti bahagian silang yang dipanggil) disetempat di bahagian cincin pertumbuhan yang terbentuk pada musim bunga, sehingga membentuk kawasan yang lebih atau kurang tisu terbuka dan berpori. Selebihnya cincin, yang dihasilkan pada musim panas, terdiri daripada kapal-kapal yang lebih kecil dan sebilangan besar serat kayu. Serat ini adalah unsur-unsur yang memberikan kekuatan dan kekuatan kepada kayu, sementara kapal adalah sumber kelemahan. [Spesis diperlukan] <> Apa spesies kayu keras adalah pohon hickory dan mulberry? || cincin berliang <> Pada musim apakah cincin pertumbuhan cincin berliang membentuk dengan kapal yang lebih besar setempat? || musim bunga <> Pada musim apakah bahagian cincin pertumbuhan dengan kapal kecil membentuk dalam spesies cincin berliang? || musim panas <> Apa serat apakah bahagian cincin pertumbuhan musim panas mempunyai lebih banyak? || serat kayu <> Bersama dengan kekuatan, harta apa yang menghulurkan serat kayu ke kayu? || kekuatan", {"qas": [{"question": "What species of hardwood are hickory and mulberry trees?", "id": "56fa1ee4f34c681400b0bfbd", "answers": [{"text": "ring-porous", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what season do the growth-rings of ring-porous species form with larger vessels localized?", "id": "56fa1ee4f34c681400b0bfbe", "answers": [{"text": "spring", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what season does the part of the growth-ring with smaller vessels form in ring-porous species?", "id": "56fa1ee4f34c681400b0bfbf", "answers": [{"text": "summer", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What fibers does the summer's section of growth-ring have more of?", "id": "56fa1ee4f34c681400b0bfc0", "answers": [{"text": "wood fibers", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with strength, what property do wood fibers lend to wood?", "id": "56fa1ee4f34c681400b0bfc1", "answers": [{"text": "toughness", "answer_start": 470}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In ring-porous species, such as ash, black locust, catalpa, chestnut, elm, hickory, mulberry, and oak, the larger vessels or pores (as cross sections of vessels are called) are localised in the part of the growth ring formed in spring, thus forming a region of more or less open and porous tissue. The rest of the ring, produced in summer, is made up of smaller vessels and a much greater proportion of wood fibers. These fibers are the elements which give strength and toughness to wood, while the vessels are a source of weakness.[citation needed]"}], ["Dalam softwoods yang sederhana, sering terdapat perbezaan yang ketara antara latewood dan earlywood. Latewood akan lebih padat daripada yang dibentuk awal musim ini. Apabila diperiksa di bawah mikroskop, sel-sel kayu lapis yang tebal kelihatan sangat tebal dan mempunyai rongga sel yang sangat kecil, sementara yang terbentuk pada musim pertama mempunyai dinding tipis dan rongga sel besar. Kekuatannya ada di dinding, bukan rongga. Oleh itu semakin besar bahagian latewood semakin besar kepadatan dan kekuatannya. Dalam memilih pinus di mana kekuatan atau kekakuan adalah pertimbangan yang penting, perkara utama untuk diperhatikan adalah jumlah perbandingan awal kayu dan kayu lapis. Lebar cincin tidak begitu penting kerana perkadaran dan sifat latewood di dalam cincin. <> Jenis kayu lembut apa yang sering mempunyai perbezaan yang ketara di awal kayu dan kayu lapis? || sederhana <> Adakah latewood lebih padat atau kurang padat daripada awal? || padat <> Adakah kekuatan datang dari dinding atau rongga sel kayu? || dinding <> Adakah dinding sel tebal atau tebal? || nipis <> Apakah saiz umum adalah rongga dalam sel-sel yang sangat padat latewood? || sangat kecil", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of softwoods often have significant differences in their earlywood and latewood?", "id": "56fa21cdf34c681400b0bfd1", "answers": [{"text": "temperate", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is latewood denser or less dense than earlywood?", "id": "56fa21cdf34c681400b0bfd2", "answers": [{"text": "denser", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does strength come from the walls or cavities of wood cells?", "id": "56fa21cdf34c681400b0bfd3", "answers": [{"text": "walls", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Are the cell walls of earlywood thick or thin?", "id": "56fa21cdf34c681400b0bfd4", "answers": [{"text": "thin", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What general size are the cavities in the cells of very dense latewood?", "id": "56fa21cdf34c681400b0bfd5", "answers": [{"text": "very small", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In temperate softwoods there often is a marked difference between latewood and earlywood. The latewood will be denser than that formed early in the season. When examined under a microscope the cells of dense latewood are seen to be very thick-walled and with very small cell cavities, while those formed first in the season have thin walls and large cell cavities. The strength is in the walls, not the cavities. Hence the greater the proportion of latewood the greater the density and strength. In choosing a piece of pine where strength or stiffness is the important consideration, the principal thing to observe is the comparative amounts of earlywood and latewood. The width of ring is not nearly so important as the proportion and nature of the latewood in the ring."}], ["Ketumpatan kayu ditentukan oleh pelbagai pertumbuhan dan faktor fisiologi yang dikompaun menjadi \"ciri kayu yang agak mudah diukur\" (Elliott 1970). <> Bersama dengan pertumbuhan, jenis faktor yang menentukan kepadatan kayu? || fisiologi <> Ke dalam berapa banyak ciri-ciri faktor kayu yang digabungkan? || satu <> Pengarang apa yang disebut kepadatan kayu \"cukup mudah diukur\"? || Elliott", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with growth, what kind of factors determine the density of wood?", "id": "56fa3b59f34c681400b0c01f", "answers": [{"text": "physiological", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Into how many characteristics are the factors of wood combined?", "id": "56fa3b59f34c681400b0c020", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What author called wood's density \"fairly easily measured\"?", "id": "56fa3b59f34c681400b0c021", "answers": [{"text": "Elliott", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Wood density is determined by multiple growth and physiological factors compounded into \u201cone fairly easily measured wood characteristic\u201d (Elliott 1970)."}], ["Terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara sifat-sifat kayu dan sifat pokok tertentu yang menghasilkannya. Ketumpatan kayu berbeza dengan spesies. Ketumpatan kayu berkorelasi dengan kekuatannya (sifat mekanik). Sebagai contoh, mahoni adalah kayu keras sederhana yang sangat baik untuk kerajinan perabot yang halus, sedangkan balsa ringan, menjadikannya berguna untuk bangunan model. Salah satu hutan paling padat adalah kayu besi hitam. <> Apakah jenis hubungan antara sifat pokok dan sifat kayunya? || kuat <> Apa harta kayu berbeza mengikut spesies? || ketumpatan <> Apa sifat kayu mempunyai korelasi kepada ketumpatannya? || kekuatan <> Adakah mahoni adalah kayu keras atau kayu halus? || kayu keras <> Apa hobi adalah kayu balsa yang sering digunakan? || bangunan model", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of relationship exists between a tree's properties and its wood's properties?", "id": "56fa3f74f34c681400b0c025", "answers": [{"text": "strong", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What property of wood varies according to species?", "id": "56fa3f74f34c681400b0c026", "answers": [{"text": "density", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What property of wood has a correlation to its density?", "id": "56fa3f74f34c681400b0c027", "answers": [{"text": "strength", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is mahogany a hardwood or a softwood?", "id": "56fa3f74f34c681400b0c028", "answers": [{"text": "hardwood", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What hobby is balsa wood often used for?", "id": "56fa3f74f34c681400b0c029", "answers": [{"text": "model building", "answer_start": 379}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There is a strong relationship between the properties of wood and the properties of the particular tree that yielded it. The density of wood varies with species. The density of a wood correlates with its strength (mechanical properties). For example, mahogany is a medium-dense hardwood that is excellent for fine furniture crafting, whereas balsa is light, making it useful for model building. One of the densest woods is black ironwood."}], ["Di dalam hutan yang berabad-berliang, penandaan di antara cincin tidak selalu begitu jelas dan dalam beberapa kes hampir (jika tidak sepenuhnya) tidak dapat dilihat dengan mata tanpa bantuan. Sebaliknya, apabila terdapat penanda yang jelas mungkin tidak terdapat perbezaan struktur dalam cincin pertumbuhan. <> Jenis kayu apa yang sering mempunyai bahagian cincin yang tidak dapat dilihat dengan melihatnya? || Berbuih-berliang <> Dalam kayu berpori-poros, jika penyaringan di antara cincin jelas, apakah jenis perbezaan dalam cincin itu tidak mungkin? || struktur <> kata sifat apa yang menggambarkan bagaimana mata kita berfungsi tanpa alat seperti mikroskop untuk membantu? || tanpa bantuan", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of wood often has ring divisions that can't even be seen by looking at it?", "id": "56fa33388f12f319006300ed", "answers": [{"text": "diffuse-porous", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In diffuse-porous woods, if the demarcation between rings is obvious, what type of difference within the ring might not be?", "id": "56fa33388f12f319006300ee", "answers": [{"text": "structure", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What adjective describes how our eyes function without a tool like a microscope to help?", "id": "56fa33388f12f319006300ef", "answers": [{"text": "unaided", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the diffuse-porous woods, the demarcation between rings is not always so clear and in some cases is almost (if not entirely) invisible to the unaided eye. Conversely, when there is a clear demarcation there may not be a noticeable difference in structure within the growth ring."}], ["Umur, diameter, ketinggian, pertumbuhan radial, lokasi geografi, tapak dan keadaan yang semakin meningkat, rawatan silvikultur, dan sumber benih, semuanya mempengaruhi kepadatan kayu. Perubahan akan dijangka. Di dalam pokok individu, variasi dalam ketumpatan kayu seringkali lebih besar atau lebih besar daripada pokok yang berbeza (Timell 1986). Variasi graviti spesifik dalam keadaan pokok boleh berlaku sama ada arah mendatar atau menegak. :) <> Apa yang perlu dijangka kerana banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi ketumpatan kayu? || Variasi <> Apa jenis pertumbuhan khusus yang mempunyai kesan ke atas kepadatan kayu? || radial <> Mana bahagian pokok yang boleh mempunyai variasi menegak atau mendatar dalam graviti spesifiknya? || bole <> Variasi dalam ukuran apa yang kadang-kadang lebih besar dalam satu pokok daripada dari satu pokok ke yang lain? || kepadatan <> Apakah sumber objek kecil memainkan peranan dalam menentukan kepadatan kayu? || benih", {"qas": [{"question": "What should be anticipated because of the many factors that influence wood's density?", "id": "56fa3d788f12f319006300fd", "answers": [{"text": "Variation", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What specific type of growth has an effect on the density of wood?", "id": "56fa3d788f12f319006300fe", "answers": [{"text": "radial", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which part of a tree can have vertical or horizontal variation in its specific gravity?", "id": "56fa3d788f12f319006300ff", "answers": [{"text": "bole", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Variation in what measurement is sometimes greater within one tree than from one tree to another?", "id": "56fa3d788f12f31900630100", "answers": [{"text": "density", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What tiny object's source plays a role in determining wood density?", "id": "56fa3d788f12f31900630101", "answers": [{"text": "seed", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Age, diameter, height, radial growth, geographical location, site and growing conditions, silvicultural treatment, and seed source, all to some degree influence wood density. Variation is to be expected. Within an individual tree, the variation in wood density is often as great as or even greater than that between different trees (Timell 1986). Variation of specific gravity within the bole of a tree can occur in either the horizontal or vertical direction. :)"}], ["Adalah umum untuk mengklasifikasikan kayu sebagai kayu lembut atau kayu keras. Kayu dari konifer (mis. Pinus) dipanggil kayu halus, dan kayu dari dicotyledons (biasanya pokok-pokok berdaun, misalnya oak) dipanggil kayu keras. Nama-nama ini sedikit mengelirukan, seperti kayu keras tidak semestinya keras, dan softwoods tidak semestinya lembut. Balsa yang terkenal (kayu keras) sebenarnya lebih lembut daripada apa-apa kayu lunak komersil. Sebaliknya, sesetengah kayu lunak (contohnya yew) lebih keras daripada kayu keras yang banyak. <> Istilah apa yang kita gunakan untuk kayu yang berasal dari pokok pain? || kayu lembut <> Apa jenis kayu yang mempunyai pohon ek? || kayu keras <> Adakah balsa kayu lunak atau kayu keras? || kayu keras <> Apa contoh kayu lembut yang tidak \"lembut\", dan sebenarnya lebih keras daripada banyak kayu keras? || yew <> Apa nama saintifik untuk pokok seperti oak dengan daun luas? || dicotyledons", {"qas": [{"question": "What term do we use for the wood that comes from pine trees?", "id": "56fa3ec18f12f31900630107", "answers": [{"text": "softwood", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of wood does an oak tree have?", "id": "56fa3ec18f12f31900630108", "answers": [{"text": "hardwood", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is balsa a softwood or a hardwood?", "id": "56fa3ec18f12f31900630109", "answers": [{"text": "hardwood", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's an example of a softwood that isn't \"soft,\" and is actually harder than a lot of hardwoods?", "id": "56fa3ec18f12f3190063010a", "answers": [{"text": "yew", "answer_start": 436}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the scientific name for trees like the oak with broad leaves?", "id": "56fa3ec18f12f3190063010b", "answers": [{"text": "dicotyledons", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It is common to classify wood as either softwood or hardwood. The wood from conifers (e.g. pine) is called softwood, and the wood from dicotyledons (usually broad-leaved trees, e.g. oak) is called hardwood. These names are a bit misleading, as hardwoods are not necessarily hard, and softwoods are not necessarily soft. The well-known balsa (a hardwood) is actually softer than any commercial softwood. Conversely, some softwoods (e.g. yew) are harder than many hardwoods."}], ["Harta kayu tunggal yang paling mendedahkan sebagai penunjuk kualiti kayu adalah graviti spesifik (Timell 1986), kerana kedua-dua hasil pulpa dan kekuatan kayu ditentukan olehnya. Graviti spesifik adalah nisbah jisim bahan ke jisim jumlah air yang sama; Ketumpatan adalah nisbah jisim kuantiti bahan ke kuantiti kuantiti dan dinyatakan dalam jisim per unit bahan, mis., gram per mililiter (g / cm3 atau g / ml). Istilah-istilah adalah bersamaan selagi sistem metrik digunakan. Apabila pengeringan, kayu mengecut dan peningkatan ketumpatannya. Nilai minimum dikaitkan dengan kayu hijau (air tepu) dan dirujuk sebagai graviti spesifik asas (Timell 1986). <> Yang manakah kayu paling mendedahkan tentang kualitinya? || graviti tertentu <> Selain kekuatan kayu, apakah penunjuk penting kualiti kayu dapat ditentukan dengan menggunakan graviti tertentu? || pulpa hasil <> Pengukuran apa yang dinyatakan dalam jisim per unit bahan? || ketumpatan <> Apabila kayu mengering dan mengecut, apa yang berlaku kepada ketumpatannya? || Meningkatkan <> Apabila kayu digambarkan sebagai \"hijau,\" apakah maksud \"hijau\"? || tepu air", {"qas": [{"question": "Which property of wood reveals the most about its quality?", "id": "56fa3a3b8f12f319006300f3", "answers": [{"text": "specific gravity", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to lumber strength, what important indicator of wood's quality can be determined using specific gravity?", "id": "56fa3a3b8f12f319006300f4", "answers": [{"text": "pulp yield", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What measurement is expressed in mass per unit substance?", "id": "56fa3a3b8f12f319006300f5", "answers": [{"text": "density", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When wood dries and shrinks, what happens to its density?", "id": "56fa3a3b8f12f319006300f6", "answers": [{"text": "increases", "answer_start": 566}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When wood is described as \"green,\" what does \"green\" mean?", "id": "56fa3a3b8f12f319006300f7", "answers": [{"text": "water-saturated", "answer_start": 619}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The single most revealing property of wood as an indicator of wood quality is specific gravity (Timell 1986), as both pulp yield and lumber strength are determined by it. Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water; density is the ratio of a mass of a quantity of a substance to the volume of that quantity and is expressed in mass per unit substance, e.g., grams per millilitre (g/cm3 or g/ml). The terms are essentially equivalent as long as the metric system is used. Upon drying, wood shrinks and its density increases. Minimum values are associated with green (water-saturated) wood and are referred to as basic specific gravity (Timell 1986)."}], ["Di dalam hutan cincin yang berpanjangan yang baik, biasanya ia adalah batang kayu di mana serat tebal berkebun tebal, yang paling melimpah. Oleh kerana lebar cincin berkurangan, latewood ini dikurangkan sehingga pertumbuhan yang sangat perlahan menghasilkan cahaya yang agak ringan, kayu poros yang terdiri daripada kapal-dinding berdinding nipis dan parenchyma kayu. Dalam oak yang baik, kapal-kapal besar dari kayu cendawan ini menduduki 6 hingga 10 peratus daripada jumlah log, manakala dalam bahan yang lebih rendah, mereka boleh membentuk 25% atau lebih. Lobak kayu oak yang baik berwarna gelap dan tegas, dan sebahagian besarnya terdiri daripada serat berdinding tebal yang membentuk satu setengah atau lebih kayu. Dalam kayu oak yang lebih rendah, latewood ini banyak dikurangkan baik dalam kuantiti dan kualiti. Variasi sedemikian adalah sangat besar hasil daripada kadar pertumbuhan. <> Jenis kayu yang manakah dalam kayu cincin berliang mempunyai lebih banyak serat untuk menjadikannya lebih kuat? || latewood <> Apabila kurang kayu lapis, apa yang berkurang? || luas cincin <> Adakah pertumbuhan yang perlahan atau pesat menjadikan kayu yang agak berpori, ringan? || lambat <> Apa jenis oak mempunyai hanya 6-10% jumlah kapal besar dalam log? || baik <> Apa jenis serat yang ada di kayu lapis oak yang baik, menjadikannya sangat tegas? || berdinding tebal", {"qas": [{"question": "Which specific type of wood within ring-porous woods have more fibers to make it strong?", "id": "56fa3006f34c681400b0bff7", "answers": [{"text": "latewood", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When there is less latewood, what is diminishing?", "id": "56fa3006f34c681400b0bff8", "answers": [{"text": "breadth of ring", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does slow or rapid growth make relatively porous, light wood?", "id": "56fa3006f34c681400b0bff9", "answers": [{"text": "slow", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of oak has just 6-10% volume of large vessels in the log?", "id": "56fa3006f34c681400b0bffa", "answers": [{"text": "good", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of fibers are in the latewood of good oak, making it very firm?", "id": "56fa3006f34c681400b0bffb", "answers": [{"text": "thick-walled", "answer_start": 546}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In ring-porous woods of good growth it is usually the latewood in which the thick-walled, strength-giving fibers are most abundant. As the breadth of ring diminishes, this latewood is reduced so that very slow growth produces comparatively light, porous wood composed of thin-walled vessels and wood parenchyma. In good oak these large vessels of the earlywood occupy from 6 to 10 percent of the volume of the log, while in inferior material they may make up 25% or more. The latewood of good oak is dark colored and firm, and consists mostly of thick-walled fibers which form one-half or more of the wood. In inferior oak, this latewood is much reduced both in quantity and quality. Such variation is very largely the result of rate of growth."}], ["Bahan struktur yang menyerupai biasa, \"dicot\" atau kayu konifer dalam ciri pengendalian kotornya dihasilkan oleh beberapa tumbuhan monocot, dan ini juga dikenali sebagai kayu. Daripada jumlah ini, buluh, botanikal ahli keluarga rumput, mempunyai kepentingan ekonomi yang besar, celah yang lebih luas digunakan secara meluas sebagai bahan bangunan dan pembinaan di dalam hak mereka sendiri dan, pada hari-hari ini, dalam pembuatan lantai, panel dan veneer yang direka bentuk. Satu lagi kumpulan tumbuhan utama yang menghasilkan bahan yang sering dipanggil kayu adalah telapak tangan. Yang kurang penting ialah tumbuh-tumbuhan seperti Pandanus, Dracaena dan Cordyline. Dengan semua bahan ini, struktur dan komposisi bahan struktur agak berbeza dari kayu biasa. <> Apa istilah lain yang digunakan untuk kayu \"konifer\"? || dicot <> Apa jenis tumbuhan menghasilkan bahan yang disebut sebagai \"kayu\" walaupun secara teknikal tidak? || monocot <> Apakah tumbuhan monocot menghasilkan \"kayu\" dengan nama yang sama yang sering digunakan untuk lantai dan venir? || buluh <> Semasa kita menyebut \"kayu\" bambu, apa yang dikatakan keluarga botani? || rumput <> Bersama dengan buluh, apakah monocot lain yang merupakan sumber utama yang disebut \"kayu\"? || telapak tangan", {"qas": [{"question": "What's another term used for \"conifer\" wood?", "id": "56fa37baf34c681400b0c015", "answers": [{"text": "dicot", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of plants produce material that is referred to as \"wood\" even though it is technically not?", "id": "56fa37baf34c681400b0c016", "answers": [{"text": "monocot", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What monocot plant produces \"wood\" by the same name that's often used for flooring and veneer?", "id": "56fa37baf34c681400b0c017", "answers": [{"text": "bamboo", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "While we call bamboo \"wood,\" what botanical family does it belong to?", "id": "56fa37baf34c681400b0c018", "answers": [{"text": "grass", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with bamboo, what's the other monocot that's a major source of so-called \"wood\"?", "id": "56fa37baf34c681400b0c019", "answers": [{"text": "palms", "answer_start": 544}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Structural material that resembles ordinary, \"dicot\" or conifer wood in its gross handling characteristics is produced by a number of monocot plants, and these also are colloquially called wood. Of these, bamboo, botanically a member of the grass family, has considerable economic importance, larger culms being widely used as a building and construction material in their own right and, these days, in the manufacture of engineered flooring, panels and veneer. Another major plant group that produce material that often is called wood are the palms. Of much less importance are plants such as Pandanus, Dracaena and Cordyline. With all this material, the structure and composition of the structural material is quite different from ordinary wood."}], ["Kayu yang luas berkerumun sering disebut \"pertumbuhan kedua\", kerana pertumbuhan kayu muda yang berdiri tegak selepas pokok-pokok tua telah dikeluarkan adalah lebih cepat daripada di dalam hutan di hutan tertutup, dan dalam pembuatan artikel di mana kekuatannya pertimbangan penting seperti bahan kayu keras \"pertumbuhan kedua\" adalah pilihan. Ini terutamanya berlaku dalam pilihan hickory untuk pemegang dan lekukan. Di sini bukan sahaja kekuatan, tetapi kekuatan dan ketahanan adalah penting. Hasil siri ujian pada hickory oleh Pertubuhan Hutan A.S. menunjukkan: <> Istilah apa yang kadang-kadang digunakan untuk kayu dengan cincin lebar? || Pertumbuhan kedua <> Adakah pohon-pohon muda tumbuh lebih cepat di tempat terbuka atau di hutan tertutup? || buka berdiri <> Apa harta penting bagi pengilang yang menggunakan kayu keras \"pertumbuhan kedua\"? || kekuatan <> Apa jenis kayu keras yang \"jenis pertumbuhan kedua\" yang sering digunakan untuk membuat pemegang dan bengkok? || hickory <> Apa organisasi yang diuji hickory untuk mengetahui tentang sifatnya? || Perkhidmatan Hutan A.S.", {"qas": [{"question": "What term is sometimes used for wood with wide rings?", "id": "56fa317bf34c681400b0c001", "answers": [{"text": "second-growth", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Do young trees grow more quickly in open stands or in a closed forest?", "id": "56fa317bf34c681400b0c002", "answers": [{"text": "open stands", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What property is important to manufacturers who use \"second-growth\" hardwood?", "id": "56fa317bf34c681400b0c003", "answers": [{"text": "strength", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What specific kind of \"second-growth\" hardwood is often used to make handles and spokes? ", "id": "56fa317bf34c681400b0c004", "answers": [{"text": "hickory", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization tested hickory to find out about its properties?", "id": "56fa317bf34c681400b0c005", "answers": [{"text": "U.S. Forest Service", "answer_start": 521}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Wide-ringed wood is often called \"second-growth\", because the growth of the young timber in open stands after the old trees have been removed is more rapid than in trees in a closed forest, and in the manufacture of articles where strength is an important consideration such \"second-growth\" hardwood material is preferred. This is particularly the case in the choice of hickory for handles and spokes. Here not only strength, but toughness and resilience are important. The results of a series of tests on hickory by the U.S. Forest Service show that:"}], ["Di dalam hutan yang berabad-berliang, seperti yang telah dinyatakan, kapal-kapal atau liang-liangnya bersaiz lebih besar, supaya keupayaan pengoperasian air tersebar di sepanjang cincin dan bukannya dikumpulkan di awal kayu. Kesan kadar pertumbuhan adalah, oleh itu, tidak sama seperti di dalam hutan cincin-berliang, menghampiri lebih hampir keadaan di konifer. Secara umum, ia boleh dinyatakan bahawa kayu pertumbuhan sederhana mampu menghasilkan bahan yang lebih kuat daripada ketika sangat cepat atau sangat perlahan tumbuh. Dalam banyak kegunaan kayu, kekuatan total bukanlah pertimbangan utama. Sekiranya kemudahan bekerja berharga, kayu perlu dipilih dengan keseragaman tekstur dan lurus bijirin, yang akan berlaku dalam kebanyakan kes apabila terdapat sedikit perbezaan di antara latewood pertumbuhan satu musim dan awal awal seterusnya. <> Kayu apa jenis yang mempunyai semua saiz bersaiz kapal? || Berang-berang <<Berapa kadar pertumbuhan dalam pokok yang akan membuat kayu daripadanya lebih kuat daripada pokok-pokok yang tumbuh sangat perlahan atau sangat cepat? || sederhana <> Keupayaan kayu berpori-poros untuk membawa apa bahan yang tersebar di cincin pertumbuhan? || air <> Apakah pembahagian pokok-pokok yang berlubang-batu berliang lebih mirip dalam kadar pertumbuhan berbanding dengan kayu cincin-berliang? || konifer <> Adakah keseragaman tekstur dan bijirin kayu biasanya disebabkan oleh banyak atau sedikit kontras di antara awal woodwood dan latewood? || sedikit", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of wood has all similarly sized vessels?", "id": "56fa351cf34c681400b0c00b", "answers": [{"text": "diffuse-porous", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What rate of growth in a tree will make the wood from it stronger than trees that grow very slowly or very quickly?", "id": "56fa351cf34c681400b0c00c", "answers": [{"text": "medium", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The capability of diffuse-porous woods to carry what substance is spread out in the growth ring?", "id": "56fa351cf34c681400b0c00d", "answers": [{"text": "water", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What division of trees are diffuse-porous woods more similar in growth rate to than ring-porous woods?", "id": "56fa351cf34c681400b0c00e", "answers": [{"text": "conifers", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Does uniformity of the texture and grain of wood usually result from much or little contrast between earlywood and latewood?", "id": "56fa351cf34c681400b0c00f", "answers": [{"text": "little", "answer_start": 700}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In diffuse-porous woods, as has been stated, the vessels or pores are even-sized, so that the water conducting capability is scattered throughout the ring instead of collected in the earlywood. The effect of rate of growth is, therefore, not the same as in the ring-porous woods, approaching more nearly the conditions in the conifers. In general it may be stated that such woods of medium growth afford stronger material than when very rapidly or very slowly grown. In many uses of wood, total strength is not the main consideration. If ease of working is prized, wood should be chosen with regard to its uniformity of texture and straightness of grain, which will in most cases occur when there is little contrast between the latewood of one season's growth and the earlywood of the next."}], ["Produk kayu kejuruteraan, produk bangunan terpaku \"kejuruteraan\" untuk keperluan prestasi aplikasi khusus, sering digunakan dalam aplikasi pembinaan dan perindustrian. Produk kayu kejuruteraan terpaku dihasilkan dengan ikatan bersama serat kayu, veneer, kayu atau lain-lain bentuk serat kayu dengan gam untuk membentuk unit struktural komposit yang lebih besar dan efisien. <> Apa yang memegang bersama produk kayu yang direka bentuk? || gam <> Produk kayu kejuruteraan sering digunakan dalam pembinaan, tetapi apa jenis aplikasi utama lain yang mereka ada? || industri <> Keperluan apa yang memenuhi keperluan produk kayu? || keperluan prestasi spesifik aplikasi <> Apakah unit jenis yang berkesan melakukan proses \"kejuruteraan\" hasil kayu? || unit struktur komposit <> Serat kayu daripada helai kayu, kayu, dan apa sumber lain boleh terpaku bersama untuk membuat unit lebih besar? || veneers", {"qas": [{"question": "What holds together an engineered wood product?", "id": "56fa50008f12f31900630119", "answers": [{"text": "glue", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Engineered wood products are often used in construction, but what other major type of applications do they have?", "id": "56fa50008f12f3190063011a", "answers": [{"text": "industrial", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What requirements do engineered wood products meet?", "id": "56fa50008f12f3190063011b", "answers": [{"text": "application-specific performance requirements", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What efficient type of unit does the process of \"engineering\" wood result in?", "id": "56fa50008f12f3190063011c", "answers": [{"text": "composite structural unit", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Wood fibers from wood strands, lumber, and what other source can be glued together to make larger units?", "id": "56fa50008f12f3190063011d", "answers": [{"text": "veneers", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Engineered wood products, glued building products \"engineered\" for application-specific performance requirements, are often used in construction and industrial applications. Glued engineered wood products are manufactured by bonding together wood strands, veneers, lumber or other forms of wood fiber with glue to form a larger, more efficient composite structural unit."}], ["Kayu untuk digunakan untuk kerja pembinaan biasanya dikenali sebagai kayu di Amerika Utara. Di tempat lain, kayu biasanya merujuk kepada pokok-pokok yang ditebang, dan kata untuk papan gergajian yang siap digunakan adalah kayu. Di Eropah Tengah kayu oak adalah kayu pilihan untuk semua pembinaan kayu, termasuk rasuk, dinding, pintu, dan lantai. Hari ini, pelbagai jenis kayu digunakan: pintu kayu pepejal sering dibuat dari poplar, pain kecil yang ditiup dan Douglas fir. <> Istilah apa yang digunakan di Amerika Utara untuk kayu yang digunakan dalam pembinaan? || kayu <> Di luar Amerika Utara, jika seseorang berkata \"kayu,\" apa yang mereka maksudkan? || pokok yang ditebang <> Apa yang orang luar Amerika Utara memanggil papan gergaji yang digunakan untuk membina? || kayu <> Apa kayu pilihan untuk pembinaan di Eropah Abad Pertengahan? || oak <> Untuk pintu kayu padu moden, kayu apa yang sering digunakan sebagai tambahan kepada pain kecil atau poplar? || Douglas fir", {"qas": [{"question": "What term is used in North America for wood used in construction?", "id": "56fa4b89f34c681400b0c069", "answers": [{"text": "lumber", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Outside of North America, if someone said \"lumber,\" to what would they be referring?", "id": "56fa4b89f34c681400b0c06a", "answers": [{"text": "felled trees", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do people outside of North America call the sawn boards used for building?", "id": "56fa4b89f34c681400b0c06b", "answers": [{"text": "timber", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the preferred wood for construction in Medieval Europe?", "id": "56fa4b89f34c681400b0c06c", "answers": [{"text": "oak", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For modern solid wood doors, what wood is often used in addition to small-knotted pine or poplar?", "id": "56fa4b89f34c681400b0c06d", "answers": [{"text": "Douglas fir", "answer_start": 413}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Wood to be used for construction work is commonly known as lumber in North America. Elsewhere, lumber usually refers to felled trees, and the word for sawn planks ready for use is timber. In Medieval Europe oak was the wood of choice for all wood construction, including beams, walls, doors, and floors. Today a wider variety of woods is used: solid wood doors are often made from poplar, small-knotted pine, and Douglas fir."}], ["Dalam bangunan yang diperbuat daripada bahan lain, kayu masih dijumpai sebagai bahan pendukung, terutamanya dalam pembinaan bumbung, di pintu dalaman dan bingkai mereka, dan sebagai pelapis luar. <> Apa kayu boleh digunakan di dalam bangunan yang diperbuat daripada bata atau bahan lain? || bahan sokongan <> Apakah bahagian penting rumah yang sering diperbuat daripada kayu? || bumbung <> Kayu boleh digunakan untuk membina komponen luaran bangunan? || pelapis <> Di dalam bangunan, apakah perkara-perkara kayu yang mungkin anda buka untuk memasuki atau meninggalkan bilik? || pintu", {"qas": [{"question": "What might wood be used for in a building made from brick or other materials?", "id": "56fa4e5e8f12f31900630111", "answers": [{"text": "supporting material", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What crucial part of a house is often constructed from wood?", "id": "56fa4e5e8f12f31900630112", "answers": [{"text": "roof", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Wood might be used to construct what exterior component of a building?", "id": "56fa4e5e8f12f31900630113", "answers": [{"text": "cladding", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Inside a building, what wooden things might you open to enter or leave rooms?", "id": "56fa4e5e8f12f31900630114", "answers": [{"text": "doors", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In buildings made of other materials, wood will still be found as a supporting material, especially in roof construction, in interior doors and their frames, and as exterior cladding."}], ["Perumahan domestik baru di kebanyakan bahagian dunia hari ini biasanya diperbuat daripada pembinaan balak kayu. Produk kayu kejuruteraan menjadi sebahagian besar daripada industri pembinaan. Mereka boleh digunakan di bangunan kediaman dan komersil sebagai bahan struktur dan estetik. <> Jenis pembinaan apa yang sering digunakan sekarang untuk membina rumah di banyak negara? || kayu dibingkai <> Sebagai tambahan kepada aplikasi kediaman, apa jenis bangunan yang sering mempunyai komponen kayu yang direka bentuk? || komersial <> Bersama dengan komponen hiasan, apakah jenis bahan binaan yang boleh direkayasa dari kayu? || struktur <> Industri apa yang banyak mendapat manfaat daripada produk kayu kejuruteraan? || pembinaan", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of construction is often used now to build homes in much of the world?", "id": "56fa4d06f34c681400b0c073", "answers": [{"text": "timber-framed", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to residential applications, what type of buildings often have engineered wood components?", "id": "56fa4d06f34c681400b0c074", "answers": [{"text": "commercial", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with decorative components, what type of building materials can be engineered from wood?", "id": "56fa4d06f34c681400b0c075", "answers": [{"text": "structural", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What industry benefits greatly from engineered wood products?", "id": "56fa4d06f34c681400b0c076", "answers": [{"text": "construction", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New domestic housing in many parts of the world today is commonly made from timber-framed construction. Engineered wood products are becoming a bigger part of the construction industry. They may be used in both residential and commercial buildings as structural and aesthetic materials."}], ["Kayu mempunyai sejarah yang panjang digunakan sebagai bahan api, yang berterusan hingga ke hari ini, kebanyakannya di kawasan pedalaman di dunia. Kayu keras disukai lebih dari kayu halus kerana ia kurang asap dan membakar lebih lama. Menambah kayu atau perapian di rumah sering dirasakan untuk menambah suasana dan kehangatan. <> Jenis kayu apa yang disukai sebagai bahan bakar? || Kayu keras <> Jenis kayu apa yang membakar dengan cepat dan membuat lebih banyak asap daripada kayu keras? || kayu lembut <> Jenis kawasan apa yang menggunakan lebih banyak kayu untuk bahan bakar? || pedesaan <> Apa faedah selain suasana yang nyaman akan perapian pembakaran kayu menambah rumah? || kehangatan", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of wood is preferred as fuel?", "id": "56fa4690f34c681400b0c057", "answers": [{"text": "Hardwood", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of wood burns quickly and makes more smoke than hardwood?", "id": "56fa4690f34c681400b0c058", "answers": [{"text": "softwood", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of areas use more wood for fuel?", "id": "56fa4690f34c681400b0c059", "answers": [{"text": "rural", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What benefit besides the cozy atmosphere would a wood-burning fireplace add to a home?", "id": "56fa4690f34c681400b0c05a", "answers": [{"text": "warmth", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Wood has a long history of being used as fuel, which continues to this day, mostly in rural areas of the world. Hardwood is preferred over softwood because it creates less smoke and burns longer. Adding a woodstove or fireplace to a home is often felt to add ambiance and warmth."}], ["Kayu telah menjadi bahan pembinaan penting sejak manusia mula membina tempat perlindungan, rumah dan bot. Hampir semua bot dibuat dari kayu hingga akhir abad ke-19, dan kayu tetap digunakan umum hari ini dalam pembinaan bot. Elm khususnya digunakan untuk tujuan ini kerana ia menimbulkan kerosakan selagi ia tetap basah (ia juga berfungsi untuk paip air sebelum kemunculan paip lebih moden). <> Kayu apa bahan tahan basah ketika basah? || Elm <> Apakah komponen paip yang pernah dibuat daripada elm? || paip air <> Sehingga akhir abad ke-19, apa kapal yang hampir selalu kayu? || bot <> Apa maksud penting kayu digunakan selama manusia telah membina tempat perlindungan? || bahan binaan <> Selain daripada bot, apa yang orang sering bina dengan kayu? || rumah", {"qas": [{"question": "What wood is decay-resistant when wet?", "id": "56fa49f9f34c681400b0c05f", "answers": [{"text": "Elm", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What plumbing component was once made out of elm?", "id": "56fa49f9f34c681400b0c060", "answers": [{"text": "water pipe", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Until the late 19th century, what vessels were almost always wooden?", "id": "56fa49f9f34c681400b0c061", "answers": [{"text": "boats", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What significant purpose has wood been used for as long as humans have built shelters?", "id": "56fa49f9f34c681400b0c062", "answers": [{"text": "construction material", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Other than boats, what do people often build with wood?", "id": "56fa49f9f34c681400b0c063", "answers": [{"text": "houses", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Wood has been an important construction material since humans began building shelters, houses and boats. Nearly all boats were made out of wood until the late 19th century, and wood remains in common use today in boat construction. Elm in particular was used for this purpose as it resisted decay as long as it was kept wet (it also served for water pipe before the advent of more modern plumbing)."}], ["Komposisi kimia kayu berbeza dari spesies hingga spesies, tetapi kira-kira 50% karbon, 42% oksigen, 6% hidrogen, 1% nitrogen, dan 1% unsur lain (terutamanya kalsium, kalium, natrium, magnesium, besi, mengikut berat. Kayu juga mengandungi sulfur, klorin, silikon, fosforus, dan unsur-unsur lain dalam kuantiti yang kecil. <> Apakah peratusan karbon berharga yang ada? || 50% <> Unsur apa yang membentuk kira-kira 6% komposisi kimia kayu? || hidrogen <> Berapa peratus daripada kayu terdiri daripada nitrogen? || 1% <> Unsur manakah di kayu yang mengandungi kira-kira 42% beratnya? || oksigen <> Unsur apa yang bergabung dengan kalium, kalsium, mangan, besi, dan natrium untuk membuat gabungan 1% daripada komposisi kimia kayu? || magnesium", {"qas": [{"question": "What approximate percentage of carbon does wood have?", "id": "56fa413bf34c681400b0c02f", "answers": [{"text": "50%", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What element makes up about 6% of the chemical composition of wood?", "id": "56fa413bf34c681400b0c030", "answers": [{"text": "hydrogen", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About what percentage of wood is composed of nitrogen?", "id": "56fa413bf34c681400b0c031", "answers": [{"text": "1%", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which element in wood composes about 42% of its weight?", "id": "56fa413bf34c681400b0c032", "answers": [{"text": "oxygen", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What element joins potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, and sodium to make a combined 1% of the chemical composition of wood?", "id": "56fa413bf34c681400b0c033", "answers": [{"text": "magnesium", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The chemical composition of wood varies from species to species, but is approximately 50% carbon, 42% oxygen, 6% hydrogen, 1% nitrogen, and 1% other elements (mainly calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and manganese) by weight. Wood also contains sulfur, chlorine, silicon, phosphorus, and other elements in small quantity."}], ["Dalam istilah kimia, perbezaan antara kayu keras dan kayu lunak digambarkan dalam komposisi lignin konstituen. Lignin kayu keras terutamanya berasal dari sinapil alkohol dan alkohol coniferyl. Lignin softwood terutamanya berasal dari alkohol coniferyl. <> Apakah komponen kayu yang menentukan sama ada kayu keras atau kayu lunak? || Lignin <> Yang kayu mempunyai lignin yang datang terutamanya dari satu jenis alkohol? || Softwood <> Yang jenis alkohol terutamanya menjadi softign lignin? || Coniferyl <> Selain alkohol coniferyl, apa alkohol yang lain dalam lignin kayu keras? || sinapyl <> Apakah jenis kayu yang mengandungi lignin yang diperoleh daripada dua sumber alkohol utama? || Kayu keras", {"qas": [{"question": "What component of wood determines whether it is hardwood or softwood?", "id": "56fa43e9f34c681400b0c043", "answers": [{"text": "lignin", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which wood has lignin that comes primarily from one type of alcohol?", "id": "56fa43e9f34c681400b0c044", "answers": [{"text": "Softwood", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which type of alcohol mainly becomes softwood lignin?", "id": "56fa43e9f34c681400b0c045", "answers": [{"text": "coniferyl", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to coniferyl alcohol, what other alcohol is in hardwood lignin?", "id": "56fa43e9f34c681400b0c046", "answers": [{"text": "sinapyl", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which kind of wood contains lignin derived from two main alcohol sources?", "id": "56fa43e9f34c681400b0c047", "answers": [{"text": "Hardwood", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In chemical terms, the difference between hardwood and softwood is reflected in the composition of the constituent lignin. Hardwood lignin is primarily derived from sinapyl alcohol and coniferyl alcohol. Softwood lignin is mainly derived from coniferyl alcohol."}], ["Selain daripada lignoselulosa, kayu terdiri daripada pelbagai sebatian organik molekul rendah yang dipanggil ekstrak. Ekstrak kayu adalah asid lemak, asid resin, lilin dan terpenes. Sebagai contoh, rosin dipancarkan oleh konifer sebagai perlindungan daripada serangga. Pengekstrakan bahan-bahan organik dari kayu menyediakan minyak tinggi, turpentin, dan rosin. <> Apakah nama untuk sebatian organik berat molekul rendah dalam kayu? || ekstraksi <> Bersama dengan asid lemak, jenis asid dalam ekstrak dalam kayu? || resin <> Ekstrak kayu termasuk resin dan asid lemak, terpenes, dan komponen lain? || lilin <> Apa yang digunakan oleh konifer untuk melindungi diri mereka dari? || serangga <> Bersama dengan minyak tinggi dan rosin, apa produk komersil yang kita dapat dari ekstrak kayu? || turpentin", {"qas": [{"question": "What's the name for the low molecular weight organic compounds in wood?", "id": "56fa455af34c681400b0c04d", "answers": [{"text": "extractives", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with fatty acids, what kind of acids are in the extractives in wood?", "id": "56fa455af34c681400b0c04e", "answers": [{"text": "resin", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Wood extractives include resin and fatty acids, terpenes, and what other component?", "id": "56fa455af34c681400b0c04f", "answers": [{"text": "waxes", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do conifers use rosin to protect themselves from?", "id": "56fa455af34c681400b0c050", "answers": [{"text": "insects", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with tall oil and rosin, what commercial product do we get from wood's extractives?", "id": "56fa455af34c681400b0c051", "answers": [{"text": "turpentine", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Aside from the lignocellulose, wood consists of a variety of low molecular weight organic compounds, called extractives. The wood extractives are fatty acids, resin acids, waxes and terpenes. For example, rosin is exuded by conifers as protection from insects. The extraction of these organic materials from wood provides tall oil, turpentine, and rosin."}], ["Selain air, kayu mempunyai tiga komponen utama. Selulosa, polimer kristal yang berasal dari glukosa, membentuk kira-kira 41-43%. Kelebihan seterusnya ialah hemiselulosa, iaitu kira-kira 20% dalam pokok daun tetapi lebih kurang 30% dalam bentuk konifer. Ia terutamanya gula lima-karbon yang dikaitkan secara tidak teratur, berbeza dengan selulosa. Lignin adalah komponen ketiga sekitar 27% dalam kayu konifer berbanding 23% di pokok daun. Lignin memberikan sifat hidrofobik yang mencerminkan fakta bahawa ia berdasarkan cincin aromatik. Ketiga komponen ini dijalin, dan hubungan kovalen langsung wujud antara lignin dan hemiselulosa. Fokus utama industri kertas adalah pemisahan lignin dari selulosa, dari mana kertas dibuat. <> Berapa banyak komponen utama membentuk kayu, tidak mengira air? || tiga <> Apakah nama polimer kristal yang diperoleh daripada glukosa? || Selulosa Selepas selulosa, komponen apa yang paling banyak terdapat dalam kayu? || hemiselulosa <> Apa jenis pokok mempunyai kira-kira 30% hemiselulosa? || Konifer <> Antara tiga komponen utama kayu yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan kertas? || selulosa", {"qas": [{"question": "How many main components make up wood, not counting water?", "id": "56fa4285f34c681400b0c039", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the name for the crystalline polymer derived from glucose?", "id": "56fa4285f34c681400b0c03a", "answers": [{"text": "Cellulose", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After cellulose, what component is most plentiful in wood?", "id": "56fa4285f34c681400b0c03b", "answers": [{"text": "hemicellulose", "answer_start": 152}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of trees have about 30% hemicellulose?", "id": "56fa4285f34c681400b0c03c", "answers": [{"text": "conifers", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of the three main components of wood is used to manufacture paper?", "id": "56fa4285f34c681400b0c03d", "answers": [{"text": "cellulose", "answer_start": 716}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Aside from water, wood has three main components. Cellulose, a crystalline polymer derived from glucose, constitutes about 41\u201343%. Next in abundance is hemicellulose, which is around 20% in deciduous trees but near 30% in conifers. It is mainly five-carbon sugars that are linked in an irregular manner, in contrast to the cellulose. Lignin is the third component at around 27% in coniferous wood vs. 23% in deciduous trees. Lignin confers the hydrophobic properties reflecting the fact that it is based on aromatic rings. These three components are interwoven, and direct covalent linkages exist between the lignin and the hemicellulose. A major focus of the paper industry is the separation of the lignin from the cellulose, from which paper is made."}], ["Walaupun nama kolektif mereka, tidak semua instrumen kayu dibuat sepenuhnya dari kayu. Benang yang digunakan untuk memainkannya, bagaimanapun, biasanya dibuat dari Arundo donax, sejenis tumbuhan tebu monocot. <> Jenis instrumen dengan nama yang mengelirukan tidak selalu dibuat sepenuhnya dari kayu? || instrumen woodwind <> Apa yang sering diperbuat daripada buluh instrumen kayu? || Arundo donax <> Adakah arundo donax tumbuhan tebu monocot atau dicot? || monocot <> Apa objek yang perlu dimainkan oleh pemuzik untuk memainkan instrumen kayu? || buluh", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of instruments with a misleading name aren't always made completely out of wood?", "id": "56fa5af68f12f3190063012d", "answers": [{"text": "woodwind instruments", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are woodwind instrument's reeds often made out of?", "id": "56fa5af68f12f3190063012e", "answers": [{"text": "Arundo donax", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Is the Arundo donax a monocot or dicot cane plant?", "id": "56fa5af68f12f3190063012f", "answers": [{"text": "monocot", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What objects do musicians have to have in order to play woodwind instruments?", "id": "56fa5af68f12f31900630130", "answers": [{"text": "reeds", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Despite their collective name, not all woodwind instruments are made entirely of wood. The reeds used to play them, however, are usually made from Arundo donax, a type of monocot cane plant."}], ["Kayu sentiasa digunakan secara meluas untuk perabot, seperti kerusi dan katil. Ia juga digunakan untuk mengendalikan alat dan alat makan, seperti penyepit, tusuk gigi, dan peralatan lain, seperti sudu kayu. <> Apakah kategori produk yang biasanya diperbuat daripada kayu termasuk kerusi? || perabot <> Apa perabotan kayu yang boleh anda pancarkan periuk sup dengan? || sudu kayu <> Bahagian alat mana yang kadang-kadang diperbuat daripada kayu? || mengendalikan <> Apa perabot yang kebanyakan orang menggunakan setiap malam boleh dibuat dari kayu? || katil <> Apa alat kayu khusus yang digunakan ramai untuk makan pengambilan Cina? || penyepit", {"qas": [{"question": "What category of products usually made from wood includes chairs?", "id": "56fa5493f34c681400b0c085", "answers": [{"text": "furniture", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What wooden utensil could you stir a pot of soup with?", "id": "56fa5493f34c681400b0c086", "answers": [{"text": "wooden spoon", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which parts of tools are sometimes made out of wood?", "id": "56fa5493f34c681400b0c087", "answers": [{"text": "handles", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What pieces of furniture that most people use every night can be made out of wood?", "id": "56fa5493f34c681400b0c088", "answers": [{"text": "beds", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What special wooden utensils do many people use to eat Chinese takeout?", "id": "56fa5493f34c681400b0c089", "answers": [{"text": "chopsticks", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Wood has always been used extensively for furniture, such as chairs and beds. It is also used for tool handles and cutlery, such as chopsticks, toothpicks, and other utensils, like the wooden spoon."}], ["Sedikit diketahui tentang bakteria yang merendahkan selulosa. Bakteria Symbiotik di Xylophaga boleh memainkan peranan dalam kemerosotan kayu cekung; manakala bakteria seperti Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Actinobacteria, Clostridia, dan Bacteroidetes telah dikesan di dalam kayu yang terendam selama setahun. <> Apakah komponen kayu yang terdegradasi oleh bakteria yang masih dicuba oleh saintis? || selulosa <> Apakah jenis bakteria yang ada di Xylophaga? || Symbiotik <> Apakah jenis kayu yang mungkin bakteria di Xylophaga membantu merosot? || tenggelam <> Berapa lama kayu terendam dalam air dalam kajian yang menemui jenis bakteria di dalamnya? || lebih setahun <> Apa bakteria yang bermula dengan huruf \"F\" yang terdapat di dalam kayu selepas ia berada di bawah air selama lebih dari setahun? || Flavobacteria", {"qas": [{"question": "What component of wood is degraded by bacteria that scientists are still trying to learn about?", "id": "56fa621f8f12f3190063013f", "answers": [{"text": "cellulose", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of bacteria are present in Xylophaga?", "id": "56fa621f8f12f31900630140", "answers": [{"text": "Symbiotic", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of wood is it possible the bacteria in Xylophaga help break down?", "id": "56fa621f8f12f31900630141", "answers": [{"text": "sunken", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long was the wood submerged in water in the study that discovered the types of bacteria in it?", "id": "56fa621f8f12f31900630142", "answers": [{"text": "over a year", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What bacteria starting with the letter \"F\" were found in wood after it was underwater for more than a year?", "id": "56fa621f8f12f31900630143", "answers": [{"text": "Flavobacteria", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Little is known about the bacteria that degrade cellulose. Symbiotic bacteria in Xylophaga may play a role in the degradation of sunken wood; while bacteria such as Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Actinobacteria, Clostridia, and Bacteroidetes have been detected in wood submerged over a year."}], ["Banyak jenis peralatan sukan diperbuat daripada kayu, atau dibina dari kayu pada masa lalu. Sebagai contoh, kelawar kriket biasanya dibuat daripada willow putih. Kelawar besbol yang sah untuk digunakan di Baseball Major League sering dibuat dari kayu abu atau hickory, dan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir telah dibina dari maple walaupun kayu itu agak rapuh. Mahkamah NBA telah secara tradisinya terbentuk daripada parquetry. <> Kayu apa yang biasanya digunakan untuk kelawar kriket? || willow putih <> Ash dan hickory sering digunakan untuk kelawar besbol untuk mematuhi peraturan organisasi apa? || Baseball Major League <> Apa yang biasa digunakan untuk gelanggang bola keranjang yang dimainkan oleh NBA? || Parquetry <> Apa kayu baru-baru ini mula digunakan untuk membuat kelawar besbol selain hickory dan abu? || Maple <> Berbanding dengan hickory dan abu, apa kata sifat yang boleh digunakan untuk kelawar besbol maple? || rapuh", {"qas": [{"question": "What wood is usually used for cricket bats?", "id": "56fa5c188f12f31900630135", "answers": [{"text": "white willow", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Ash and hickory are often used for baseball bats to comply with the rules of what organization?", "id": "56fa5c188f12f31900630136", "answers": [{"text": "Major League Baseball", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is commonly used for the basketball courts the NBA plays on?", "id": "56fa5c188f12f31900630137", "answers": [{"text": "parquetry", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What wood has recently started being used to make baseball bats in addition to hickory and ash?", "id": "56fa5c188f12f31900630138", "answers": [{"text": "maple", "answer_start": 310}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Compared to hickory and ash, what adjective might be used for a maple baseball bat?", "id": "56fa5c188f12f31900630139", "answers": [{"text": "fragile", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many types of sports equipment are made of wood, or were constructed of wood in the past. For example, cricket bats are typically made of white willow. The baseball bats which are legal for use in Major League Baseball are frequently made of ash wood or hickory, and in recent years have been constructed from maple even though that wood is somewhat more fragile. NBA courts have been traditionally made out of parquetry."}], ["Kayu telah lama digunakan sebagai medium seni. Ia telah digunakan untuk membuat ukiran dan ukiran selama ribuan tahun. Contoh-contoh termasuk tiang-tiang totem yang diukir oleh orang asli Amerika Utara dari batang konifer, sering Cedar Merah Barat (Thuja plicata), dan menara jam Millennium, kini ditempatkan di Muzium Nasional Scotland di Edinburgh. Ia juga digunakan dalam pembuatan cetakan kayu, dan untuk ukiran. <> Bersama dengan patung-patung, apakah jenis seni yang telah dibuat oleh orang-orang dari kayu selama berabad-abad? || ukiran <> Apa yang orang asli di Amerika Utara mengeluarkan dari batang konifer? || tiang totem <> Jenis pokok apa yang sering digunakan untuk tiang totem? || Western Red Cedar <> Apa bandar di Scotland yang anda lawati untuk melihat menara jam Millennium? || Edinburgh <> Muzium apa yang mempamerkan menara jam Millennium? || Muzium Nasional Scotland", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with sculptures, what type of art have people been making out of wood for centuries?", "id": "56fa5855f34c681400b0c099", "answers": [{"text": "carvings", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did indigenous people in North America make out of the trunks of conifers?", "id": "56fa5855f34c681400b0c09a", "answers": [{"text": "totem poles", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of tree was often used for totem poles?", "id": "56fa5855f34c681400b0c09b", "answers": [{"text": "Western Red Cedar", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city in Scotland would you visit to see the Millennium clock tower?", "id": "56fa5855f34c681400b0c09c", "answers": [{"text": "Edinburgh", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What museum exhibits the Millennium clock tower?", "id": "56fa5855f34c681400b0c09d", "answers": [{"text": "National Museum of Scotland", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Wood has long been used as an artistic medium. It has been used to make sculptures and carvings for millennia. Examples include the totem poles carved by North American indigenous people from conifer trunks, often Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata), and the Millennium clock tower, now housed in the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh. It is also used in woodcut printmaking, and for engraving."}], ["Kayu yang tidak sesuai untuk pembinaan dalam bentuk asalnya boleh dipecahkan secara mekanikal (ke serat atau cip) atau kimia (ke dalam selulosa) dan digunakan sebagai bahan mentah untuk bahan binaan lain, seperti kayu kejuruteraan, serta papan serat, hardboard, dan medium -density fiberboard (MDF). Derivatif kayu sedemikian digunakan secara meluas: serat kayu merupakan komponen penting dari kebanyakan kertas, dan selulosa digunakan sebagai komponen dari beberapa bahan sintetik. Derivatif kayu juga boleh digunakan untuk jenis lantai, contohnya lantai laminate. <> Apa bahan yang dihasilkan dari kayu yang melanggar kimia? || selulosa <> Apakah singkatan untuk fiberboard kepadatan sederhana? || MDF <> Bagaimana kayu dipecah menjadi cip dan gentian? || mekanikal <> Jenis lantai apa yang boleh dibuat dari derivatif kayu? || laminate <> Apa produk yang digunakan secara meluas hampir selalu diperbuat daripada serat kayu? || kertas", {"qas": [{"question": "What material results from chemically breaking down wood?", "id": "56fa5330f34c681400b0c07b", "answers": [{"text": "cellulose", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the abbreviation for medium-density fiberboard?", "id": "56fa5330f34c681400b0c07c", "answers": [{"text": "MDF", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is wood broken down into chips and fibers?", "id": "56fa5330f34c681400b0c07d", "answers": [{"text": "mechanically", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of flooring can be made from wood derivatives?", "id": "56fa5330f34c681400b0c07e", "answers": [{"text": "laminate", "answer_start": 518}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What widely-used product is almost always made of wood fibers?", "id": "56fa5330f34c681400b0c07f", "answers": [{"text": "paper", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials, such as engineered wood, as well as chipboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Such wood derivatives are widely used: wood fibers are an important component of most paper, and cellulose is used as a component of some synthetic materials. Wood derivatives can also be used for kinds of flooring, for example laminate flooring."}], ["Perkembangan selanjutnya termasuk aplikasi gam lignin baru, pembungkusan makanan kitar semula, aplikasi penggantian tayar getah, agen perubatan anti-bakteria, dan fabrik kekuatan tinggi atau komposit. Sebagai saintis dan jurutera terus belajar dan membangunkan teknik-teknik baru untuk mengekstrak pelbagai komponen dari kayu, atau sebagai alternatif untuk mengubahsuai kayu, contohnya dengan menambahkan komponen kepada kayu, produk baru yang lebih canggih akan muncul di pasaran. Pemantauan kandungan lembapan elektronik juga boleh meningkatkan perlindungan kayu generasi seterusnya. <> Apa yang kita boleh memantau secara elektronik yang boleh membantu memaklumkan kaedah perlindungan kayu baru? || Kandungan kelembapan <> Pembangunan dalam industri perkilangan kayu termasuk menggunakan lignin untuk membuat bahan apa? || gam <> Daripada getah, apa bahagian penting kereta boleh suatu hari nanti digantikan dengan komponen kayu? || tayar <> Apa bahan yang boleh dihasilkan daripada kayu yang boleh membuat pakaian yang menahan haus dan lusuh? || kain kekuatan yang tinggi <> Selain mengeluarkan komponen dari kayu, apa yang boleh dilakukan saintis dengan menambahkan komponen, sebagai contoh, untuk membuat produk inovatif? || ubah suai kayu", {"qas": [{"question": "What could we monitor electronically that could help inform new methods of wood protection?", "id": "56fa56e5f34c681400b0c08f", "answers": [{"text": "Moisture content", "answer_start": 440}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Development in the wood manufacturing industry include using lignin to make what substance?", "id": "56fa56e5f34c681400b0c090", "answers": [{"text": "glue", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Instead of rubber, what important part of a car might someday be replaced by components of wood?", "id": "56fa56e5f34c681400b0c091", "answers": [{"text": "tire", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What material might be developed from wood that could make clothes that resist wear and tear?", "id": "56fa56e5f34c681400b0c092", "answers": [{"text": "high strength fabrics", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to extracting components from wood, what might scientist do by adding components, for example, to make innovative products?", "id": "56fa56e5f34c681400b0c093", "answers": [{"text": "modify wood", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Further developments include new lignin glue applications, recyclable food packaging, rubber tire replacement applications, anti-bacterial medical agents, and high strength fabrics or composites. As scientists and engineers further learn and develop new techniques to extract various components from wood, or alternatively to modify wood, for example by adding components to wood, new more advanced products will appear on the marketplace. Moisture content electronic monitoring can also enhance next generation wood protection."}], ["Banyak lagi jenis sukan dan peralatan rekreasi seperti ski, tongkat hoki ais, kayu lacrosse dan busur memanah, biasanya diperbuat dari kayu pada masa lalu, tetapi telah digantikan dengan bahan-bahan yang lebih moden seperti aluminium, gentian kaca, serat karbon, titanium, dan bahan komposit. Satu contoh penting dari trend ini adalah kelab golf yang biasa dikenali sebagai kayu, kepala yang secara tradisinya diperbuat daripada kayu persimmon pada hari-hari awal permainan golf, tetapi kini umumnya dibuat dari bahan-bahan sintetik. <> Apa alat untuk menembak anak panah yang digunakan untuk kayu? || busur memanah <> Kepingan peralatan hoki yang pernah dibuat kayu? || batang <> Apabila kelab golf yang dikenali sebagai \"kayu\" sebenarnya dibuat daripada itu, apakah jenis kayu yang digunakan? || persimmon <> Apakah kelab golf yang dikenali sebagai \"kayu\" biasanya dibuat dari hari ini? || bahan sintetik <> Apakah bahan moden yang lain telah bergabung dengan komposit, serat karbon, titanium, dan aluminium untuk menggantikan kayu dalam pembuatan peralatan sukan? || gentian kaca", {"qas": [{"question": "What pieces of equipment for shooting arrows used to be wooden?", "id": "56fa5e2df34c681400b0c0ad", "answers": [{"text": "archery bows", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which pieces of ice hockey equipment were once made out of wood?", "id": "56fa5e2df34c681400b0c0ae", "answers": [{"text": "sticks", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When the golf club called the \"wood\" was actually made out of it, what type of wood was used?", "id": "56fa5e2df34c681400b0c0af", "answers": [{"text": "persimmon", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the golf club known as the \"wood\" usually made out of today?", "id": "56fa5e2df34c681400b0c0b0", "answers": [{"text": "synthetic materials", "answer_start": 505}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other modern material has joined composites, carbon fiber, titanium, and aluminum to replace wood in the manufacture of sporting equipment?", "id": "56fa5e2df34c681400b0c0b1", "answers": [{"text": "fiberglass", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many other types of sports and recreation equipment, such as skis, ice hockey sticks, lacrosse sticks and archery bows, were commonly made of wood in the past, but have since been replaced with more modern materials such as aluminium, fiberglass, carbon fiber, titanium, and composite materials. One noteworthy example of this trend is the golf club commonly known as the wood, the head of which was traditionally made of persimmon wood in the early days of the game of golf, but is now generally made of synthetic materials."}], ["Produk-produk ini termasuk panel kayu laminated terpal (glulam), panel struktur kayu (termasuk kayu papan lapis, papan serat berorientasikan dan panel komposit), kayu lilin kayu laminasi (LVL) dan struktur kayu komposit struktur (SCL) lain, kayu selari selari dan I-joists. Kira-kira 100 juta meter padu kayu digunakan untuk tujuan ini pada tahun 1991. Trend menunjukkan bahawa papan zarah dan papan gentian akan mengatasi papan lapis. <> Apakah kategori panel komposit, papan helai, dan papan lapis? || panel struktur kayu <> Apa perkataan lain untuk kayu berlapis terpaku? || glulam <> Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh LVL? || laminated veneer lumber <> Jika trend bangunan semasa berterusan, bahan apa yang akan digantikan oleh papan zarah dan serat? || Papan lapis <> Berapa banyak meter padu kayu digunakan pada tahun 1991 untuk membuat produk seperti glulam, LVL, dan struktur kayu komposit? || 100 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "What category do composite panels, strand board, and plywood all fit into?", "id": "56fa517b8f12f31900630123", "answers": [{"text": "wood structural panels", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's another word for glued laminated timber?", "id": "56fa517b8f12f31900630124", "answers": [{"text": "glulam", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does LVL stand for?", "id": "56fa517b8f12f31900630125", "answers": [{"text": "laminated veneer lumber", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "If current building trends continue, what material will be replaced by particle and fiber board?", "id": "56fa517b8f12f31900630126", "answers": [{"text": "plywood", "answer_start": 421}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many cubic meters of wood was used in 1991 to make products like glulam, LVL, and structural composite lumber?", "id": "56fa517b8f12f31900630127", "answers": [{"text": "100 million", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "These products include glued laminated timber (glulam), wood structural panels (including plywood, oriented strand board and composite panels), laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and other structural composite lumber (SCL) products, parallel strand lumber, and I-joists. Approximately 100 million cubic meters of wood was consumed for this purpose in 1991. The trends suggest that particle board and fiber board will overtake plywood."}], ["Sesetengah jenis alat muzik, seperti keluarga biola, gitar, klarinet dan perakam, xylophone, dan marimba, secara tradisional dibuat sebahagian besar atau sepenuhnya dari kayu. Pemilihan kayu boleh memberi perbezaan yang signifikan kepada nada dan sifat resonans instrumen, dan tonewood mempunyai sifat yang berlainan, mulai dari kayu hitam african yang keras dan padat (digunakan untuk badan-badan clarinet) kepada cahaya tetapi resonant European spruce Picea abies), yang secara tradisinya digunakan untuk papan bunyi biola. Tonewood yang paling berharga, seperti sycamore riak (Acer pseudoplatanus), digunakan untuk belakang biola, menggabungkan sifat akustik dengan warna hiasan dan bijirin yang meningkatkan penampilan instrumen selesai. <> Jenis kayu apa yang diperbuat daripada tubuh klarinet? || african blackwood <> Apa kayu mahal dengan warna yang berharga digunakan untuk membuat belakang biola? || riak sycamore <> Apakah kategori kayu yang sering digunakan untuk alat muzik? || tonewoods <> Apa nama biasa untuk Picea abies? || Minyak Eropa <> Bersama dengan resonans, apakah alat alat yang akan dipengaruhi oleh kayu yang digunakan untuk membuatnya? || nada", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of wood are clarinet bodies made from?", "id": "56fa59c2f34c681400b0c0a3", "answers": [{"text": "african blackwood", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What expensive wood with a prized color is used to make the backs of violins?", "id": "56fa59c2f34c681400b0c0a4", "answers": [{"text": "ripple sycamore", "answer_start": 594}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What category of wood is often used for musical instruments?", "id": "56fa59c2f34c681400b0c0a5", "answers": [{"text": "tonewoods", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What's the common name for Picea abies?", "id": "56fa59c2f34c681400b0c0a6", "answers": [{"text": "European spruce", "answer_start": 462}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with resonance, what property of an instrument will be affected by the wood used to make it?", "id": "56fa59c2f34c681400b0c0a7", "answers": [{"text": "tone", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Certain types of musical instruments, such as those of the violin family, the guitar, the clarinet and recorder, the xylophone, and the marimba, are traditionally made mostly or entirely of wood. The choice of wood may make a significant difference to the tone and resonant qualities of the instrument, and tonewoods have widely differing properties, ranging from the hard and dense african blackwood (used for the bodies of clarinets) to the light but resonant European spruce (Picea abies), which is traditionally used for the soundboards of violins. The most valuable tonewoods, such as the ripple sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), used for the backs of violins, combine acoustic properties with decorative color and grain which enhance the appearance of the finished instrument."}]], [["Dalam zaman dahulu, nenek moyang orang Somalia merupakan satu hubungan penting di Tanduk Afrika yang menghubungkan perdagangan rantau ini dengan seluruh dunia kuno. Pelayar dan pedagang Somalia adalah pembekal utama kemenyan, mur dan rempah, barang-barang yang dianggap sebagai kemewahan berharga oleh orang Mesir Purba, Phoenicia, Mycenaeans dan Babilonia. <> Apakah aktiviti ekonomi di Tanduk Afrika telah menyambungkan Somalia kuno ke seluruh dunia? || commerce <> Bersama dengan mur dan rempah-rempah, apa kemewahan penting yang diberikan peniaga Somalia kuno? || kemenyan <> Bersama dengan orang Phoenicia purba, orang Mesir dan Babilonia, apa yang orang kuno menganggap mur sebagai mewah? || Mycenaeans", {"qas": [{"question": "What economic activity in the Horn of Africa did the ancient Somalis connect to the rest of the world?", "id": "56fa0064f34c681400b0bf45", "answers": [{"text": "commerce", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with myrrh and spices, what important luxury did ancient Somali merchants provide?", "id": "56fa0064f34c681400b0bf46", "answers": [{"text": "frankincense", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the ancient Phoenicians, Egyptians and Babylonians, what ancient people regarded myrrh as a luxury?", "id": "56fa0064f34c681400b0bf47", "answers": [{"text": "Mycenaeans", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In antiquity, the ancestors of the Somali people were an important link in the Horn of Africa connecting the region's commerce with the rest of the ancient world. Somali sailors and merchants were the main suppliers of frankincense, myrrh and spices, items which were considered valuable luxuries by the Ancient Egyptians, Phoenicians, Mycenaeans and Babylonians."}], ["Prasasti telah ditemui di bawah banyak lukisan batu, tetapi ahli arkeologi setakat ini tidak dapat menguraikan bentuk tulisan kuno ini. Semasa zaman Batu, budaya Doian dan budaya Hargeisan berkembang di sini dengan industri dan kilang masing-masing. <> Bersama dengan budaya Hargesian, budaya apa yang ada di Somalia pada zaman Batu? || budaya Doian <> Apakah tulisan-tulisan yang tidak diingini ditemui di sebelah lukisan-lukisan batu? || Prasasti <> Dalam apa tempoh budaya Doian berkembang? || zaman Batu", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with the Hargesian culture, what culture was present in Somalia in the Stone age?", "id": "56f9fb6e8f12f31900630041", "answers": [{"text": "the Doian culture", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What undeciphered writings were found alongside the rock paintings?", "id": "56f9fb6e8f12f31900630042", "answers": [{"text": "Inscriptions", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what period did the Doian culture thrive?", "id": "56f9fb6e8f12f31900630043", "answers": [{"text": "the Stone age", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Inscriptions have been found beneath many of the rock paintings, but archaeologists have so far been unable to decipher this form of ancient writing. During the Stone age, the Doian culture and the Hargeisan culture flourished here with their respective industries and factories."}], ["Irir Samaale, nenek moyang yang paling tua dari beberapa puak Somalia, secara umumnya dianggap sebagai sumber etnik Somalia. Nama \"Somali\", pada gilirannya, dianggap berasal dari kata-kata soo dan maal, yang bersama-sama bermaksud \"pergi dan susu\" - sebutan mengenai pastoralisme di mana-mana penduduk Somalia. Satu lagi etimologi yang munasabah mencadangkan bahawa istilah Somalia berasal dari bahasa Arab untuk \"kaya\" (dhawamaal), sekali lagi merujuk kepada kekayaan Somalia dalam ternakan. <> Dari mana beberapa klan Somali turun? || Irir Samaale <> Dari perkataan apa istilah 'Somali' umumnya dianggap sebagai berasal? || soo and maal <> Apa maksud 'soo dan maal' dalam bahasa Inggeris? || pergi dan susu <> Apa perkataan dalam bahasa Arab bererti 'kaya' dalam bahasa Inggeris? || dhawamaal <> Apa sumber tradisional yang merangkumi kekayaan Somalia? || ternakan", {"qas": [{"question": "From whom are several Somali clans descended?", "id": "56f9f8dc8f12f31900630023", "answers": [{"text": "Irir Samaale", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what words is the term 'Somali' generally regarded as being derived?", "id": "56f9f8dc8f12f31900630024", "answers": [{"text": "soo and maal", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does 'soo and maal' mean in English?", "id": "56f9f8dc8f12f31900630025", "answers": [{"text": "go and milk", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What word in Arabic means 'wealthy' in English?", "id": "56f9f8dc8f12f31900630026", "answers": [{"text": "dhawamaal", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What resource traditionally comprised Somali wealth?", "id": "56f9f8dc8f12f31900630027", "answers": [{"text": "livestock", "answer_start": 453}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Irir Samaale, the oldest common ancestor of several Somali clans, is generally regarded as the source of the ethnonym Somali. The name \"Somali\" is, in turn, held to be derived from the words soo and maal, which together mean \"go and milk\" \u2014 a reference to the ubiquitous pastoralism of the Somali people. Another plausible etymology proposes that the term Somali is derived from the Arabic for \"wealthy\" (dhawamaal), again referring to Somali riches in livestock."}], ["Menurut kebanyakan ulama, Land of Punt kuno dan penduduknya merupakan sebahagian dari etnogenesis orang Somalia. Puntit purba adalah bangsa orang yang mempunyai hubungan rapat dengan Mesir Pharaonic semasa zaman Firaun Sahure dan Ratu Hatshepsut. Struktur piramid, kuil dan rumah kuno dari batu berpakaian yang berkumpul di sekitar Somalia dikatakan sejak zaman ini. <> Apa tanah purba dihubungkan dengan orang Somali moden? || Land of Punt <> Negara apakah Tanah Pertanah mempunyai hubungan rapat? || Faraon Mesir <> Siapa yang menjadi Ratu Mesir pada masa Punt dan Mesir dekat? || Hatshepsut <> Bersama dengan rumah-rumah batu berpakaian, apa seni bina kuno mungkin telah dipengaruhi oleh Mesir? || struktur pyramidal", {"qas": [{"question": "What ancient land was connected to the modern Somali people?", "id": "56fa00e2f34c681400b0bf4b", "answers": [{"text": "Land of Punt", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nation did the Land of Put have a close relationship with?", "id": "56fa00e2f34c681400b0bf4c", "answers": [{"text": "Pharaonic Egypt", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was a Queen of Egypt during the time when Punt and Egypt were close?", "id": "56fa00e2f34c681400b0bf4d", "answers": [{"text": "Hatshepsut", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with houses of dressed stone, what ancient architecture may have been influenced by Egypt?", "id": "56fa00e2f34c681400b0bf4e", "answers": [{"text": "pyramidal structures", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to most scholars, the ancient Land of Punt and its inhabitants formed part of the ethnogenesis of the Somali people. The ancient Puntites were a nation of people that had close relations with Pharaonic Egypt during the times of Pharaoh Sahure and Queen Hatshepsut. The pyramidal structures, temples and ancient houses of dressed stone littered around Somalia are said to date from this period."}], ["Bukti tertua tentang adat istana pengebumian di Tanduk Afrika berasal dari tanah perkuburan di Somalia sejak tahun ke-4 milenium SM. Perkakas batu dari tapak Jalelo di Somalia utara dikatakan sebagai pautan yang paling penting dalam keterangan tentang universalitas dalam zaman palaeolitik antara Timur dan Barat. <> Di negara manakah bukti tertua pengebumian istananya di Tanduk Afrika yang terletak? || Somalia <Dari apa yang milenium melakukan perkuburan tertua di tarikh Tanduk Afrika? || Milenium ke-4 SM <> Di tapak apa yang terdapat alat batu paleolitik yang penting? || tapak Jalelo <> Dalam apa bahagian geografi Somalia adalah alat batu paleolitik yang penting dijumpai? || utara", {"qas": [{"question": "In what country is the oldest evidence of ceremonial burial in the Horn of Africa located?", "id": "56fa0002f34c681400b0bf3d", "answers": [{"text": "Somalia", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what millennium do the oldest cemeteries in the Horn of Africa date?", "id": "56fa0002f34c681400b0bf3e", "answers": [{"text": "4th millennium BC", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what site were important paleolithic stone tools found?", "id": "56fa0002f34c681400b0bf3f", "answers": [{"text": "the Jalelo site", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what geographic part of Somalia were important paleolithic stone tools found?", "id": "56fa0002f34c681400b0bf40", "answers": [{"text": "northern", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The oldest evidence of burial customs in the Horn of Africa comes from cemeteries in Somalia dating back to 4th millennium BC. The stone implements from the Jalelo site in northern Somalia are said to be the most important link in evidence of the universality in palaeolithic times between the East and the West."}], ["Di era klasik, beberapa bandar-bandar purba seperti Opone, Essina, Sarapion, Nikon, Malao, Damo dan Mosylon berhampiran Cape Guardafui, yang bersaing dengan Sabaeans, Parthians dan Axumites untuk perdagangan Indo-Greco-Rom yang kaya, juga berkembang di Somalia. <> Berhampiran dengan tanjung apa yang Mosylon terletak? || Cape Guardafui <> Bersama Mosylon, Malao, Nikon, Sarapion, Opone dan Essina, apa negeri-kota yang berkembang di Somalia purba? || Damo <> Bersama Parthians dan Axumites, yang merupakan pesaing komersil Somalis kuno? || Sabaeans <> Apakah perdagangan yang dilakukan oleh orang Somalia dan orang lain yang bersaing? || Indo-Greco-Roman", {"qas": [{"question": "Near what headland was Mosylon located?", "id": "56fa01668f12f3190063005b", "answers": [{"text": "Cape Guardafui", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Mosylon, Malao, Nikon, Sarapion, Opone and Essina, what city-state flourished in ancient Somalia?", "id": "56fa01668f12f3190063005c", "answers": [{"text": "Damo", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Parthians and Axumites, who were the commercial competitors of the ancient Somalis?", "id": "56fa01668f12f3190063005d", "answers": [{"text": "Sabaeans", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What trade did the ancient Somalis and others compete for?", "id": "56fa01668f12f3190063005e", "answers": [{"text": "Indo-Greco-Roman", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the classical era, several ancient city-states such as Opone, Essina, Sarapion, Nikon, Malao, Damo and Mosylon near Cape Guardafui, which competed with the Sabaeans, Parthians and Axumites for the wealthy Indo-Greco-Roman trade, also flourished in Somalia."}], ["Kelahiran Islam di seberang pantai Laut Merah Somalia bermakna bahawa pedagang, pelaut dan ekspatriat Somalia yang tinggal di Semenanjung Arab secara beransur-ansur berada di bawah pengaruh agama baru melalui rakan perdagangan Arab Muslim yang ditukar. Dengan penghijrahan keluarga Muslim dari dunia Islam ke Somalia pada abad-abad awal Islam dan penukaran penduduk Somalia oleh ulama-ulama Muslim Somalia pada abad-abad berikut, negara-negara kota purba akhirnya berubah menjadi Mogadishu Islam, Berbera, Zeila , Barawa dan Merca, yang merupakan sebahagian daripada peradaban Berberi. Bandar Mogadishu dikenali sebagai Bandar Islam, dan menguasai perdagangan emas Afrika Timur selama beberapa abad. <> Apa jenis air yang memisahkan Somalia dari tanah tempat Islam dilahirkan? || Laut Merah <> Di mana lokasi Islam dilahirkan? || Semenanjung Arab <> Apa peradaban adalah sebahagian daripada Mogadishu? || Berberi <> Apa nama lain untuk Mogadishu? || Kota Islam <> Perdagangan apa yang mewah di Afrika Timur pernah berpusat pada Mogadishu? || emas", {"qas": [{"question": "What body of water separated Somalia from the land where Islam was born?", "id": "56fa01e88f12f31900630063", "answers": [{"text": "Red Sea", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what location was Islam born?", "id": "56fa01e88f12f31900630064", "answers": [{"text": "the Arabian Peninsula", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What civilization was Mogadishu a part of?", "id": "56fa01e88f12f31900630065", "answers": [{"text": "Berberi", "answer_start": 608}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was another name for Mogadishu?", "id": "56fa01e88f12f31900630066", "answers": [{"text": "the City of Islam", "answer_start": 672}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The trade of what luxury in East Africa was once centered on Mogadishu?", "id": "56fa01e88f12f31900630067", "answers": [{"text": "gold", "answer_start": 723}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The birth of Islam on the opposite side of Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants, sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of fleeing Muslim families from the Islamic world to Somalia in the early centuries of Islam and the peaceful conversion of the Somali population by Somali Muslim scholars in the following centuries, the ancient city-states eventually transformed into Islamic Mogadishu, Berbera, Zeila, Barawa and Merca, which were part of the Berberi civilization. The city of Mogadishu came to be known as the City of Islam, and controlled the East African gold trade for several centuries."}], ["Lukisan-lukisan batu purba di Somalia yang berumur 5000 tahun telah dijumpai di bahagian utara negara ini, yang menggambarkan kehidupan awal di wilayah itu. Yang paling terkenal ialah kompleks Laas Geel, yang mengandungi beberapa seni rock terkenal di benua Afrika dan mempunyai banyak lakaran pastoralis yang menggambarkan haiwan dan manusia. Di tempat-tempat lain, seperti rantau Dhambalin utara, penggambaran seorang lelaki di atas kuda dirumuskan sebagai salah satu contoh yang paling awal dari seorang pemburu yang dipasang. <> Berapa lama dahulu lukisan batu yang terdapat di Somalia dicipta? || 5000 tahun <> Di manakah lukisan rock yang paling ketara terletak? || kompleks Laas Geel <> Bersama dengan haiwan, apa yang digambarkan pada lukisan batu Laas Geel? || tokoh manusia <> Di manakah lukisan batu yang ketara seorang lelaki di atas kuda ada? || wilayah Dhambalin utara <> Dalam bahagian geografi Somalia mana lukisan batu ini biasa dijumpai? || utara", {"qas": [{"question": "How long ago were rock paintings found in Somalia created?", "id": "56f9fa1e8f12f31900630037", "answers": [{"text": "5000 years", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are the most notable rock paintings located?", "id": "56f9fa1e8f12f31900630038", "answers": [{"text": "the Laas Geel complex", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with animals, what is depicted on the rock paintings of Laas Geel?", "id": "56f9fa1e8f12f31900630039", "answers": [{"text": "human figures", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does a notable rock painting of a man on horseback exist?", "id": "56f9fa1e8f12f3190063003a", "answers": [{"text": "the northern Dhambalin region", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what geographic part of Somalia are these rock paintings commonly found?", "id": "56f9fa1e8f12f3190063003b", "answers": [{"text": "northern", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country, depicting early life in the territory. The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex, which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastoralist sketches of animal and human figures. In other places, such as the northern Dhambalin region, a depiction of a man on a horse is postulated as being one of the earliest known examples of a mounted huntsman."}], ["Dokumen Cina purba dari abad ke-9 merujuk kepada pantai Somalia utara - yang kemudiannya dikenali sebagai \"Berbera\" oleh ahli geografi Arab merujuk kepada penghuni \"Berber\" (Cushitic) di rantau ini - sebagai Po-pa-li. Rujukan bertulis pertama yang jelas mengenai Somalia, bagaimanapun, bermula pada abad ke-15. Semasa peperangan antara Kesultanan Ifat yang berpangkalan di Zeila dan Dinasti Sulaiman, Maharaja Abyssinian mempunyai salah seorang pegawai istana yang mengarang sebuah lagu yang meraikan kemenangan ketenteraan ke atas pasukan tentera Sultan Ifat. <> Apa yang dipanggil orang Arab pantai utara Somalia pada abad ke-9? || Berbera <> Apa yang dipanggil orang Cina pantai utara Somalia pada abad ke-9? || Po-pa-li <> Dalam abad apa istilah 'Somalia' digunakan dahulu? || Yang ke-15 yang memerintahkan supaya sebuah nyanyian dibuat yang pertama disebutkan oleh Somalis? || Maharaja Abyssinian <> Di manakah Kesultanan Ifat terletak? || Zeila", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the Arabs call the northern Somali coast in the 9th century?", "id": "56f9f9a18f12f3190063002d", "answers": [{"text": "Berbera", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Chinese call the northern Somali coast in the 9th century?", "id": "56f9f9a18f12f3190063002e", "answers": [{"text": "Po-pa-li", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century was the term 'Somali' first used?", "id": "56f9f9a18f12f3190063002f", "answers": [{"text": "15th", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ordered that a hymn be composed that first mentioned the Somalis?", "id": "56f9f9a18f12f31900630030", "answers": [{"text": "the Abyssinian Emperor", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Sultanate of Ifat located?", "id": "56f9f9a18f12f31900630031", "answers": [{"text": "Zeila", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "An Ancient Chinese document from the 9th century referred to the northern Somali coast \u2014 which was then called \"Berbera\" by Arab geographers in reference to the region's \"Berber\" (Cushitic) inhabitants \u2014 as Po-pa-li. The first clear written reference of the sobriquet Somali, however, dates back to the 15th century. During the wars between the Sultanate of Ifat based at Zeila and the Solomonic Dynasty, the Abyssinian Emperor had one of his court officials compose a hymn celebrating a military victory over the Sultan of Ifat's eponymous troops."}], ["Somalis (Somali: Soomaali, Arab: \u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644) adalah kumpulan etnik yang mendiami Tanduk Afrika (Semenanjung Somalia). Majoriti orang Somalia berbicara bahasa Somalia, yang merupakan sebahagian daripada cabang Cushitic keluarga Afro-Asiatik. Mereka kebanyakannya Sunni Muslim. Nombor etnik Somalia sekitar 16-20 juta dan kebanyakannya tertumpu di Somalia (kira-kira 12.3 juta), Ethiopia (4.6 juta), Kenya (2.4 juta), dan Djibouti (464,600), dengan ramai yang tinggal di bahagian Timur Tengah, Utara Amerika dan Eropah. <> Bahasa keluarga apakah bahasa Somalia? || Afro-Asiatic <> Apa bahagian keluarga Afro-Asiatik ialah Somalia? || Cushitic <> Apa agama majoriti Somalia? || Sunni Muslim <> Berapa banyak penduduk etnik Somalia tinggal di Somalia? || 12.3 juta <> Negara apa yang mempunyai populasi Somalia kedua terbesar? || Ethiopia", {"qas": [{"question": "What language family is Somali a part of?", "id": "56f9f848f34c681400b0bf0b", "answers": [{"text": "Afro-Asiatic", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of the Afro-Asiatic language family is Somali a part of?", "id": "56f9f848f34c681400b0bf0c", "answers": [{"text": "Cushitic", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the majority religion of Somalis?", "id": "56f9f848f34c681400b0bf0d", "answers": [{"text": "Sunni Muslim", "answer_start": 265}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people of Somali ethnicity live in Somalia?", "id": "56f9f848f34c681400b0bf0e", "answers": [{"text": "12.3 million", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country has the second largest Somali population?", "id": "56f9f848f34c681400b0bf0f", "answers": [{"text": "Ethiopia", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Somalis (Somali: Soomaali, Arabic: \u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u200e) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula). The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim. Ethnic Somalis number around 16-20 million and are principally concentrated in Somalia (around 12.3 million), Ethiopia (4.6 million), Kenya (2.4 million), and Djibouti (464,600), with many also residing in parts of the Middle East, North America and Europe."}], ["Pada 15 Oktober 1969, semasa melawat bandar Las Anod di utara, Presiden Somalia Abdirashid Ali Shermarke ditembak mati oleh salah seorang pengawal sendiri. Pembunuhan beliau dengan cepat diikuti oleh rampasan kuasa tentera pada 21 Oktober 1969 (hari selepas pengebumiannya), di mana Tentera Somalia merampas kuasa tanpa menghadapi pembangkang bersenjata - pada asasnya pengambilalihan tanpa darah. Putsch dipelopori oleh Major General Mohamed Siad Barre, yang pada masa itu memerintahkan tentera. <> Pada tarikh apakah Abdirashid Ali Shermarke dibunuh? || 15 Oktober 1969 <> Siapa yang membunuh Abdirashid Ali Shermarke? || salah seorang pengawal sendiri <> Pada hari apa, hari selepas pengkebumian Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, melakukan rampasan berlaku? || 21 Oktober 1969 <> Siapa komander tentera ketika rampasan kuasa terjadi? || Mohamed Siad Barre <> Apakah pangkat Mohamed Siad Barre? || Ketua Umum", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was Abdirashid Ali Shermarke assassinated?", "id": "56fa09148f12f319006300a9", "answers": [{"text": "15 October 1969", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who assassinated Abdirashid Ali Shermarke?", "id": "56fa09148f12f319006300aa", "answers": [{"text": "one of his own bodyguards", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day, the day after the funeral of Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, did a coup occur?", "id": "56fa09148f12f319006300ab", "answers": [{"text": "21 October 1969", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the commander of the army when the coup occurred?", "id": "56fa09148f12f319006300ac", "answers": [{"text": "Mohamed Siad Barre", "answer_start": 438}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Mohamed Siad Barre's rank?", "id": "56fa09148f12f319006300ad", "answers": [{"text": "Major General", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 15 October 1969, while paying a visit to the northern town of Las Anod, Somalia's then President Abdirashid Ali Shermarke was shot dead by one of his own bodyguards. His assassination was quickly followed by a military coup d'\u00e9tat on 21 October 1969 (the day after his funeral), in which the Somali Army seized power without encountering armed opposition \u2014 essentially a bloodless takeover. The putsch was spearheaded by Major General Mohamed Siad Barre, who at the time commanded the army."}], ["Kesultanan Ifat, yang dipimpin oleh dinasti Walashma dengan ibukota di Zeila, memerintah di bahagian timur Ethiopia, Djibouti, dan Somalia utara. Ahli sejarah al-Umari mencatatkan bahawa Ifat terletak berhampiran pantai Laut Merah, dan menyatakan saiznya sebagai 15 hari perjalanan dengan perjalanan selama 20 hari. Tenteranya berjumlah 15,000 orang berkuda dan 20,000 askar kaki. Al-Umari juga mengkredit Ifat dengan tujuh \"kota ibu\": Belqulzar, Kuljura, Shimi, Shewa, Adal, Jamme dan Laboo. <> Apa dinasti memerintah Kesultanan Ifat? || Dinasti Walashma <> Apa modal Kesultanan Ifat? || Zeila <> Bersama dengan bahagian-bahagian Ethiopia dan Somalia, di negara moden apa kesultanan Ifat terletak? || Djibouti <> Menurut al-Umari, berapa banyak kavaleri yang dilakukan oleh Kesultanan Ifat? || 15,000 <> Berhampiran badan air yang mana al-Umari berkata Ifat terletak? || Laut Merah", {"qas": [{"question": "What dynasty ruled the Sultanate of Ifat?", "id": "56fa02b68f12f31900630077", "answers": [{"text": "the Walashma dynasty", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the capital of the Sultanate of Ifat?", "id": "56fa02b68f12f31900630078", "answers": [{"text": "Zeila", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with parts of Ethiopia and Somalia, in what modern-day country was the Sultanate of Ifat located?", "id": "56fa02b68f12f31900630079", "answers": [{"text": "Djibouti", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to al-Umari, how many cavalry did the Sultanate of Ifat have?", "id": "56fa02b68f12f3190063007a", "answers": [{"text": "15,000", "answer_start": 313}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Near what body of water did al-Umari say Ifat was located?", "id": "56fa02b68f12f3190063007b", "answers": [{"text": "the Red Sea", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Sultanate of Ifat, led by the Walashma dynasty with its capital at Zeila, ruled over parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia. The historian al-Umari records that Ifat was situated near the Red Sea coast, and states its size as 15 days travel by 20 days travel. Its army numbered 15,000 horsemen and 20,000 foot soldiers. Al-Umari also credits Ifat with seven \"mother cities\": Belqulzar, Kuljura, Shimi, Shewa, Adal, Jamme and Laboo."}], ["Di samping Barre, Majlis Tertinggi Revolusi (SRC) yang mengambil alih kuasa selepas pembunuhan Presiden Sharmarke dipimpin oleh Letnan Kolonel Salaad Gabeyre Kediye dan Ketua Polis Jama Korshel. SRC kemudiannya menamakan semula negara Republik Demokratik Somalia, membubarkan Parlimen dan Mahkamah Agung, dan menggantung perlembagaan. <> Bersama dengan Jama Korshel, yang mengetuai Majlis Revolusi Tertinggi? || Salaad Gabeyre Kediye <> Apakah tajuk Jama Korshel? || Ketua Polis <> Apa pangkat ketenteraan Salaad Gabeyre Kediye? || Leftenan Kolonel <> Apa nama yang diberikan oleh Majlis Revolusi Tertinggi ke Somalia? || Republik Demokratik Somalia <> Bersama dengan membubarkan Mahkamah Agung dan parlimen, apakah tindakan yang diambil oleh Majlis Revolusi Tertinggi? || menggantung perlembagaan", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Jama Korshel, who led the Supreme Revolutionary Council?", "id": "56fa097df34c681400b0bf83", "answers": [{"text": "Salaad Gabeyre Kediye", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Jama Korshel's title?", "id": "56fa097df34c681400b0bf84", "answers": [{"text": "Chief of Police", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the military rank of Salaad Gabeyre Kediye?", "id": "56fa097df34c681400b0bf85", "answers": [{"text": "Lieutenant Colonel", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What name did the Supreme Revolutionary Council give to Somalia?", "id": "56fa097df34c681400b0bf86", "answers": [{"text": "the Somali Democratic Republic", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with dissolving the Supreme Court and parliament, what action did the Supreme Revolutionary Council take?", "id": "56fa097df34c681400b0bf87", "answers": [{"text": "suspended the constitution", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Alongside Barre, the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) that assumed power after President Sharmarke's assassination was led by Lieutenant Colonel Salaad Gabeyre Kediye and Chief of Police Jama Korshel. The SRC subsequently renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic, dissolved the parliament and the Supreme Court, and suspended the constitution."}], ["Tentera revolusioner menubuhkan program kerja besar-besaran awam dan berjaya melaksanakan kempen literasi bandar dan luar bandar, yang membantu meningkatkan kadar celik huruf secara dramatik. Di samping program nasionalisasi dan landasan nasional, dasar asing rejim baru meletakkan penekanan pada hubungan tradisional dan agama Somalia dengan dunia Arab, akhirnya menyertai Liga Arab (AL) pada tahun 1974. Pada tahun yang sama, Barre juga berkhidmat sebagai pengerusi Pertubuhan Kesatuan Afrika (OAU), pendahulu Kesatuan Afrika (AU). <> Apakah kerajaan baru menyamaratakan bersama dengan tanah? || industri <> Apakah badan antarabangsa telah bergabung dengan kerajaan baru? || Liga Arab <> Dalam tahun apakah kerajaan baru memasuki Liga Arab? || 1974 <> Apa organisasi yang akan menjadi Perpaduan Pertubuhan Afrika nanti? || Uni Afrika <> Berapa kadar program kerajaan baru meningkat dengan ketara? || celik huruf", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the new government nationalize along with land?", "id": "56fad3dc8f12f319006301c7", "answers": [{"text": "industry", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What international body did the new government join?", "id": "56fad3dc8f12f319006301c8", "answers": [{"text": "the Arab League", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the new government enter the Arab League?", "id": "56fad3dc8f12f319006301c9", "answers": [{"text": "1974", "answer_start": 413}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization would the Organization of African Unity later become?", "id": "56fad3dc8f12f319006301ca", "answers": [{"text": "the African Union", "answer_start": 528}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What rate did the new government's programs significantly increase?", "id": "56fad3dc8f12f319006301cb", "answers": [{"text": "literacy", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The revolutionary army established large-scale public works programs and successfully implemented an urban and rural literacy campaign, which helped dramatically increase the literacy rate. In addition to a nationalization program of industry and land, the new regime's foreign policy placed an emphasis on Somalia's traditional and religious links with the Arab world, eventually joining the Arab League (AL) in 1974. That same year, Barre also served as chairman of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the predecessor of the African Union (AU)."}], ["Pada zaman pertengahan, beberapa empayar Somalia yang kuat mendominasi perdagangan serantau termasuk Kesultanan Ajuran, yang unggul dalam kejuruteraan hidrolik dan bangunan kubu, Kesultanan Adal, yang umumnya Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gurey) adalah komandan pertama yang menggunakan peperangan meriam di benua semasa penaklukan Adal terhadap Empayar Ethiopia, dan Kesultanan Geledi, yang penguasaan ketenteraannya memaksa gabenor empayar Oman utara kota Lamu untuk memberi penghormatan kepada Somali Sultan Ahmed Yusuf. <> Apa permasalahan Somalia di Zaman Pertengahan diketahui oleh kubu-kubunya? || Kesultanan Ajuran <> Apa negeri yang menggunakan Abmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi? || Kesultanan Adal <> Apakah nama lain yang Abmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi diketahui? || Ahmed Gurey <> Apa negeri yang ditawan Adal? || Kerajaan Ethiopia <> Apa pemimpin Somalia menerima penghormatan dari empayar Oman? || Sultan Ahmed Yusuf", {"qas": [{"question": "What Somali polity of the Middle Ages was known for its fortresses?", "id": "56fa03388f12f31900630081", "answers": [{"text": "the Ajuran Sultanate", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What state employed Abmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi?", "id": "56fa03388f12f31900630082", "answers": [{"text": "the Sultanate of Adal", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was another name by which Abmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi was known?", "id": "56fa03388f12f31900630083", "answers": [{"text": "Ahmed Gurey", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What state did Adal conquer?", "id": "56fa03388f12f31900630084", "answers": [{"text": "the Ethiopian Empire", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Somali leader received tribute from the Omani empire?", "id": "56fa03388f12f31900630085", "answers": [{"text": "Sultan Ahmed Yusuf", "answer_start": 515}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade including the Ajuran Sultanate, which excelled in hydraulic engineering and fortress building, the Sultanate of Adal, whose general Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gurey) was the first commander to use cannon warfare on the continent during Adal's conquest of the Ethiopian Empire, and the Sultanate of the Geledi, whose military dominance forced governors of the Omani empire north of the city of Lamu to pay tribute to the Somali Sultan Ahmed Yusuf."}], ["Selepas Perang Dunia II, Britain mengekalkan kawalan British Somaliland dan Somaliland Itali sebagai protektorat. Pada tahun 1945, semasa Persidangan Potsdam, Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu telah memberikan persaudaraan Itali kepada Somaliland Itali, tetapi hanya di bawah pengawasan yang rapat dan dalam keadaan - yang pertama kali dicadangkan oleh Liga Pemuda Somalia (SYL) dan organisasi politik Somalia yang baru muncul seperti Hizbia Digil Mirifle Somalia (HDMS) dan Liga Kebangsaan Somalia (SNL) - bahawa Somalia mencapai kemerdekaan dalam tempoh sepuluh tahun. Somaliland British kekal sebagai protektorat Britain hingga tahun 1960. <Seiring dengan British Somaliland, negara mana di rantau ini adalah sebuah negara perlindungan selepas Perang Dunia Kedua? || Itali Somaliland <> Pada mesyuarat apakah Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu memberikan amanah Itali kepada Somaliland Itali? || Persidangan Potsdam <> Bersama dengan Liga Pemuda Somalia dan Liga Kebangsaan Somalia, apakah organisasi politik awal Somalia? || Hizbia Digil Mirifle Somali <> Berapa tahunkah Itali harus membenarkan Somaliland Itali menjadi bebas? || sepuluh <> Pada tahun berapa adalah perlambangan British atas Somaliland British berakhir? || 1960", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with British Somaliland, what country in the region was a British protectorate after the Second World War?", "id": "56fa051df34c681400b0bf53", "answers": [{"text": "Italian Somaliland", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what meeting did the United Nations give Italy trusteeship of Italian Somaliland?", "id": "56fa051df34c681400b0bf54", "answers": [{"text": "the Potsdam Conference", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Somali Youth League and Somali National League, what was an early Somali political organization?", "id": "56fa051df34c681400b0bf55", "answers": [{"text": "Hizbia Digil Mirifle Somali", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many years would Italy have to allow Italian Somaliland to become independent? ", "id": "56fa051df34c681400b0bf56", "answers": [{"text": "ten", "answer_start": 502}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the British protectorate over British Somaliland ended?", "id": "56fa051df34c681400b0bf57", "answers": [{"text": "1960", "answer_start": 573}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Following World War II, Britain retained control of both British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland as protectorates. In 1945, during the Potsdam Conference, the United Nations granted Italy trusteeship of Italian Somaliland, but only under close supervision and on the condition \u2014 first proposed by the Somali Youth League (SYL) and other nascent Somali political organizations, such as Hizbia Digil Mirifle Somali (HDMS) and the Somali National League (SNL) \u2014 that Somalia achieve independence within ten years. British Somaliland remained a protectorate of Britain until 1960."}], ["Satu referendum diadakan di jiran Djibouti (kemudian dikenali sebagai Somaliland Perancis) pada tahun 1958, pada malam kemerdekaan Somalia pada tahun 1960, untuk memutuskan sama ada untuk bergabung dengan Republik Somalia atau untuk tetap dengan Perancis. Pungutan suara itu berpihak kepada persatuan yang berterusan dengan Perancis, sebahagian besarnya disebabkan gabungan gabungan suara oleh kumpulan etnik Afar yang besar dan penduduk Eropah. Terdapat juga penipuan undi yang meluas, dengan Perancis mengusir ribuan orang Somalia sebelum referendum mencapai pemilihan. Majoriti mereka yang tidak mengundi adalah orang Somalia yang sangat berpihak kepada Somalia bersatu, seperti yang telah dicadangkan oleh Mahmoud Harbi, Naib Presiden Majlis Kerajaan. Harbi terbunuh dalam nahas kapal terbang dua tahun kemudian. Djibouti akhirnya mendapat kemerdekaannya dari Perancis pada tahun 1977, dan Hassan Gouled Aptidon, seorang Somalia yang berkempen untuk mengundi dalam referendum 1958, akhirnya menjadi presiden pertama Djibouti (1977-1991). <> Apa yang dipanggil Djibouti pada tahun 1958? || Somaliland Perancis <> Dalam tahun apakah Somalia menjadi bebas? || 1960 <> Apakah tajuk Mahmoud Harbi? || Naib Presiden Majlis Kerajaan <> Bilakah Djibouti mencapai kemerdekaan? || 1977 <> Siapa presiden pertama Djibouti? || Hassan Gouled Aptidon", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Djibouti called in 1958?", "id": "56fa083af34c681400b0bf6f", "answers": [{"text": "French Somaliland", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Somalia become independent?", "id": "56fa083af34c681400b0bf70", "answers": [{"text": "1960", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Mahmoud Harbi's title?", "id": "56fa083af34c681400b0bf71", "answers": [{"text": "Vice President of the Government Council", "answer_start": 654}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Djibouti achieve independence?", "id": "56fa083af34c681400b0bf72", "answers": [{"text": "1977", "answer_start": 803}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first president of Djibouti?", "id": "56fa083af34c681400b0bf73", "answers": [{"text": "Hassan Gouled Aptidon", "answer_start": 813}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A referendum was held in neighboring Djibouti (then known as French Somaliland) in 1958, on the eve of Somalia's independence in 1960, to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France. The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France, largely due to a combined yes vote by the sizable Afar ethnic group and resident Europeans. There was also widespread vote rigging, with the French expelling thousands of Somalis before the referendum reached the polls. The majority of those who voted no were Somalis who were strongly in favour of joining a united Somalia, as had been proposed by Mahmoud Harbi, Vice President of the Government Council. Harbi was killed in a plane crash two years later. Djibouti finally gained its independence from France in 1977, and Hassan Gouled Aptidon, a Somali who had campaigned for a yes vote in the referendum of 1958, eventually wound up as Djibouti's first president (1977\u20131991)."}], ["Somaliland British menjadi bebas pada 26 Jun 1960 sebagai Negeri Somaliland, dan Wilayah Amanah Somalia (bekas Itali Somaliland) diikuti lima hari kemudian. Pada 1 Julai 1960, kedua-dua wilayah bersatu untuk membentuk Republik Somalia, walaupun dalam sempadan yang disediakan oleh Itali dan Britain. Sebuah kerajaan telah dibentuk oleh Abdullahi Issa Mohamud dan Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal anggota-anggota lain dari kerajaan-kerajaan amanah dan protektorat, dengan Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf sebagai Presiden Perhimpunan Nasional Somalia, Aden Abdullah Osman Daar sebagai Presiden Republik Somali dan Abdirashid Ali Shermarke sebagai Perdana Menteri (kemudian menjadi Presiden dari tahun 1967 hingga 1969). Pada 20 Julai 1961 dan melalui referendum yang popular, rakyat Somalia mengesahkan perlembagaan baru, yang pertama kali digubal pada tahun 1960. Pada tahun 1967, Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal menjadi Perdana Menteri, kedudukannya yang dilantik oleh Shermarke. Egal kemudian menjadi Presiden wilayah Somaliland yang autonomi di Somalia barat laut. <> Pada tarikh apakah British Somaliland memperoleh kemerdekaan? || 26 Jun 1960 <> Apakah Somaliland Britain dikenali sebagai apabila mencapai kemerdekaan? || Negara Somaliland <> Negara apakah yang membentuk Republik Somalia dengan Somaliland British? || Wilayah Amanah Somalia <> Pada tarikh apakah bekas Somaliland British dan Somaliland Itali bersatu? || 1 Julai 1960 <> Siapa Presiden pertama Republik Somalia? || Aden Abdullah Osman Daar", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date did British Somaliland gain independence?", "id": "56fa08a8f34c681400b0bf79", "answers": [{"text": "26 June 1960", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was British Somaliland known as upon achieving independence?", "id": "56fa08a8f34c681400b0bf7a", "answers": [{"text": "the State of Somaliland", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What state formed the Somali Republic with British Somaliland?", "id": "56fa08a8f34c681400b0bf7b", "answers": [{"text": "the Trust Territory of Somalia", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did the former British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland unite?", "id": "56fa08a8f34c681400b0bf7c", "answers": [{"text": "1 July 1960", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first President of the Somali Republic?", "id": "56fa08a8f34c681400b0bf7d", "answers": [{"text": "Aden Abdullah Osman Daar", "answer_start": 528}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "British Somaliland became independent on 26 June 1960 as the State of Somaliland, and the Trust Territory of Somalia (the former Italian Somaliland) followed suit five days later. On 1 July 1960, the two territories united to form the Somali Republic, albeit within boundaries drawn up by Italy and Britain. A government was formed by Abdullahi Issa Mohamud and Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal other members of the trusteeship and protectorate governments, with Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf as President of the Somali National Assembly, Aden Abdullah Osman Daar as the President of the Somali Republic and Abdirashid Ali Shermarke as Prime Minister (later to become President from 1967 to 1969). On 20 July 1961 and through a popular referendum, the people of Somalia ratified a new constitution, which was first drafted in 1960. In 1967, Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal became Prime Minister, a position to which he was appointed by Shermarke. Egal would later become the President of the autonomous Somaliland region in northwestern Somalia."}], ["Pada akhir abad ke-19, selepas persidangan Berlin telah berakhir, empayar Eropah berlayar dengan tentera mereka ke Tanduk Afrika. Awan awan imperial yang bergolak di Somalia mengejutkan pemimpin Dervish Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, yang mengumpulkan askar Somalia dari seluruh Tanduk Afrika dan memulakan salah satu perang anti-penjajahan terpanjang yang pernah ada. Negeri Dervish berjaya menangkis empayar British empat kali dan memaksa ia berundur ke rantau pantai. Sebagai hasil kejayaannya terhadap British, Negara Dervish mendapat sokongan daripada empayar Uthmaniyyah dan Jerman. Turks juga menamakan Hassan Emir dari negara Somalia, dan orang-orang Jerman berjanji untuk secara resmi mengenali mana-mana wilayah yang Dervishes dapat memperoleh. Selepas seperempat abad untuk memegang British di tepi, Darwis akhirnya ditewaskan pada tahun 1920, ketika Britain buat kali pertama di Afrika menggunakan pesawat terbang untuk membom modal Dervish Taleex. Akibat pengeboman ini, bekas wilayah Dervish menjadi protektorat Britain. Itali juga menghadapi pembangkang yang sama dari Sultan dan pasukan Somalia dan tidak memperoleh kawalan penuh dari bahagian Somalia moden sehingga era Fasis pada akhir 1927. Pendudukan ini berlangsung hingga 1941 dan digantikan oleh pentadbiran tentera British. <> Apa negeri yang menyokong Negara Dervish? || empayar Uthmaniyyah dan Jerman <> Pada tahun berapakah British mengalahkan Darwis? || 1920 <> Apa modal Negara Dervish? || Taleex <> Pada tahun apakah fasis Itali mencapai kawalan penuh Somalia? || 1927 <> Pada tahun apakah penamatan Itali di Somalia berakhir? || 1941", {"qas": [{"question": "What states supported the Dervish State?", "id": "56fa04418f12f3190063008b", "answers": [{"text": "the Ottoman and German empires", "answer_start": 547}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the British defeat the Dervishes?", "id": "56fa04418f12f3190063008c", "answers": [{"text": "1920", "answer_start": 829}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the capital of the Dervish State?", "id": "56fa04418f12f3190063008d", "answers": [{"text": "Taleex", "answer_start": 923}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Fascist Italy achieve full control of Somalia?", "id": "56fa04418f12f3190063008e", "answers": [{"text": "1927", "answer_start": 1198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Italian occupation of Somalia end?", "id": "56fa04418f12f3190063008f", "answers": [{"text": "1941", "answer_start": 1232}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the late 19th century, after the Berlin conference had ended, European empires sailed with their armies to the Horn of Africa. The imperial clouds wavering over Somalia alarmed the Dervish leader Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, who gathered Somali soldiers from across the Horn of Africa and began one of the longest anti-colonial wars ever. The Dervish State successfully repulsed the British empire four times and forced it to retreat to the coastal region. As a result of its successes against the British, the Dervish State received support from the Ottoman and German empires. The Turks also named Hassan Emir of the Somali nation, and the Germans promised to officially recognize any territories the Dervishes were to acquire. After a quarter of a century of holding the British at bay, the Dervishes were finally defeated in 1920, when Britain for the first time in Africa used airplanes to bomb the Dervish capital of Taleex. As a result of this bombardment, former Dervish territories were turned into a protectorate of Britain. Italy similarly faced the same opposition from Somali Sultans and armies and did not acquire full control of parts of modern Somalia until the Fascist era in late 1927. This occupation lasted till 1941 and was replaced by a British military administration."}], ["Setakat yang Itali memegang wilayah itu dengan mandat PBB, ketetapan perwalian memberi peluang kepada Somalis untuk memperoleh pengalaman dalam pendidikan politik dan pemerintahan mandiri. Ini adalah kelebihan yang Somaliland British, yang akan dimasukkan ke dalam negeri Somalia baru, tidak mempunyai. Walaupun pada tahun 1950-an pegawai penjajah British mencuba, menerusi pelbagai usaha pembangunan pentadbiran, untuk membuat pengabaian lalu, protektorat itu berlarutan. Kesenjangan antara kedua-dua wilayah dalam pembangunan ekonomi dan pengalaman politik akan menyebabkan kesukaran yang serius apabila tiba masanya untuk mengintegrasikan kedua-dua bahagian tersebut. Sementara itu, pada tahun 1948, di bawah tekanan dari sekutu-sekutu Perang Dunia II dan kecemasan Somalis, pihak British \"kembali\" Haud (wilayah pemanasan Somalia yang dianggap 'dilindungi' oleh perjanjian-perjanjian Inggeris dengan Somalis pada tahun 1884 dan 1886 ) dan Ogaden ke Ethiopia, berdasarkan perjanjian yang mereka tandatangani pada tahun 1897 di mana British menyerahkan wilayah Somalia kepada Maharaja Menelik Ethiopia sebagai pertukaran untuk bantuannya melawan penjajahan oleh puak Somalia. Britain memasukkan proviso bahawa pengembara Somalia akan mengekalkan autonomi mereka, tetapi Ethiopia segera mendakwa kedaulatan mereka. Ini mendorong tawaran British yang tidak berjaya pada tahun 1956 untuk membeli semula tanah Somalia yang telah diserahkan. Britain juga memberi pentadbiran wilayah Utara Frontier Utara (NFD) yang didiami penduduk Somalia secara semata-mata untuk kaum nasionalis Kenyan walaupun ada plebisit tidak rasmi yang menunjukkan keinginan besar penduduk rantau itu untuk bergabung dengan Republik Somali yang baru terbentuk. <> Bersama dengan Haud, kawasan Somalia yang diberikan kepada Ethiopia oleh British? || Ogaden <> Pada tahun apakah British memberikan Haud ke Ethiopia? || 1948 <> Ogaden diberikan kepada Ethiopia atas dasar perjanjian yang ditandatangani oleh British dengan pemimpin Ethiopia apa? || Maharaja Menelik <> Pada tahun apakah Britain cuba membeli tanah Somalia dari Ethiopia? || 1956 <> Apa orang yang membentuk hampir seluruh penduduk Daerah Frontier Utara? || Somali", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with the Haud, what area of Somalia was given to Ethiopia by the British?", "id": "56fa07ecf34c681400b0bf65", "answers": [{"text": "the Ogaden", "answer_start": 895}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the British give the Haud to Ethiopia?", "id": "56fa07ecf34c681400b0bf66", "answers": [{"text": "1948", "answer_start": 652}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Ogaden was given to Ethiopia on the basis of a treaty signed by the British with what Ethiopian leader?", "id": "56fa07ecf34c681400b0bf67", "answers": [{"text": "Emperor Menelik", "answer_start": 1018}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Britain try to purchase Somali lands from Ethiopia?", "id": "56fa07ecf34c681400b0bf68", "answers": [{"text": "1956", "answer_start": 1280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What people constituted almost the entire population of the Northern Frontier District?", "id": "56fa07ecf34c681400b0bf69", "answers": [{"text": "Somali", "answer_start": 1396}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "To the extent that Italy held the territory by UN mandate, the trusteeship provisions gave the Somalis the opportunity to gain experience in political education and self-government. These were advantages that British Somaliland, which was to be incorporated into the new Somali state, did not have. Although in the 1950s British colonial officials attempted, through various administrative development efforts, to make up for past neglect, the protectorate stagnated. The disparity between the two territories in economic development and political experience would cause serious difficulties when it came time to integrate the two parts. Meanwhile, in 1948, under pressure from their World War II allies and to the dismay of the Somalis, the British \"returned\" the Haud (an important Somali grazing area that was presumably 'protected' by British treaties with the Somalis in 1884 and 1886) and the Ogaden to Ethiopia, based on a treaty they signed in 1897 in which the British ceded Somali territory to the Ethiopian Emperor Menelik in exchange for his help against plundering by Somali clans. Britain included the proviso that the Somali nomads would retain their autonomy, but Ethiopia immediately claimed sovereignty over them. This prompted an unsuccessful bid by Britain in 1956 to buy back the Somali lands it had turned over. Britain also granted administration of the almost exclusively Somali-inhabited Northern Frontier District (NFD) to Kenyan nationalists despite an informal plebiscite demonstrating the overwhelming desire of the region's population to join the newly formed Somali Republic."}], ["Analisis antigen HLA juga membantu menjelaskan latar belakang masyarakat Somalia yang mungkin, kerana pengedaran frekuensi haplotype berbeza di kalangan kumpulan populasi. Menurut Mohamoud et al. (2006): <> Dalam tahun berapa Mahamoud menerbitkan penyelidikannya? || 2006", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Mahamoud publish his research?", "id": "56fad6b8f34c681400b0c151", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The analysis of HLA antigens has also helped clarify the possible background of the Somali people, as the distribution of haplotype frequencies vary among population groups. According to Mohamoud et al. (2006):"}], ["Di samping itu, komuniti Somalia telah menghasilkan banyak tokoh Islam yang penting sejak berabad-abad, ramai di antaranya telah membentuk pembelajaran dan praktik Islam yang ketara di Tanduk Afrika, Semenanjung Arab dan di luar. <> Bersama Tanduk Afrika, apakah lokasi yang terkenal di mana tokoh-tokoh Islam Somalia telah berpengaruh? || Semenanjung Arab", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with the Horn of Africa, what is a notable location where Somali Islamic figures have been influential?", "id": "56fad80d8f12f319006301f3", "answers": [{"text": "the Arabian Peninsula", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond."}], ["Pengumpulan klan orang Somalia adalah unit sosial yang penting, dan keanggotaan puak memainkan peranan penting dalam budaya dan politik Somalia. Puak-puak adalah patrilineal dan sering dibahagikan kepada sub-clan, kadang-kadang dengan banyak sub-bahagian. Makam pengasas Darod, Dir dan Isaaq puak-puak utama serta sub-puak Abgaal dari Hawiye semuanya terletak di Somalia utara. Tradisi memegang kawasan umum ini sebagai tanah nenek moyang orang Somalia. <> Apakah unit sosial asas masyarakat Somalia? || klan <> Dalam apa bahagian geografi Somalia adalah makam pengasas klan Dir yang terletak? || utara <> Daripada puak mana Abgaal adalah sub-klan? || Hawiye", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a basic social unit of Somali society?", "id": "56fad858f34c681400b0c15d", "answers": [{"text": "clan", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what geographical portion of Somalia is the tomb of the founder of the Dir clan located?", "id": "56fad858f34c681400b0c15e", "answers": [{"text": "northern", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of what clan is the Abgaal a sub-clan?", "id": "56fad858f34c681400b0c15f", "answers": [{"text": "Hawiye", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The clan groupings of the Somali people are important social units, and clan membership plays a central part in Somali culture and politics. Clans are patrilineal and are often divided into sub-clans, sometimes with many sub-divisions. The tombs of the founders of the Darod, Dir and Isaaq major clans as well as the Abgaal sub-clan of the Hawiye are all located in northern Somalia. Tradition holds this general area as an ancestral homeland of the Somali people."}], ["Sejarah Islam di Somalia adalah setakat agama itu sendiri. Awalnya umat Islam yang dianiaya melarikan diri ke berbagai tempat di rantau ini, termasuk kota Zeila di Somalia utara moden, untuk mencari perlindungan dari orang Quraisy. Somalia adalah antara populasi pertama di benua untuk memeluk Islam. Dengan sangat sedikit pengecualian, Somalis adalah seluruh umat Islam, majoriti kepunyaan cawangan Sunni Islam dan sekolah Shafi`i yurisprudensi Islam, walaupun beberapa juga penganut agama Islam Syiah. <> Di bahagian geografi Somalia mana Zeila terletak? || utara <> Dari mana orang Islam awal melarikan diri? || orang-orang Quraisy <> Bersama Shafi'i, kepada golongan mazhab Islam yang kebanyakan orang Somalia? || Sunni <> Apakah agama majoriti di Somalia? || Islam <> Minoriti kecil Somalia adalah milik cabang Islam? || Shia", {"qas": [{"question": "In what geographic part of Somalia is Zeila located?", "id": "56fad729f34c681400b0c153", "answers": [{"text": "northern", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From whom were the early Muslims fleeing?", "id": "56fad729f34c681400b0c154", "answers": [{"text": "the Quraysh", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Shafi'i, to what sect of Islam do most Somalis belong?", "id": "56fad729f34c681400b0c155", "answers": [{"text": "Sunni", "answer_start": 398}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the majority religion in Somalia?", "id": "56fad729f34c681400b0c156", "answers": [{"text": "Islam", "answer_start": 414}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A small minority of Somalis belong to what branch of Islam?", "id": "56fad729f34c681400b0c157", "answers": [{"text": "Shia", "answer_start": 510}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The history of Islam in Somalia is as old as the religion itself. The early persecuted Muslims fled to various places in the region, including the city of Zeila in modern-day northern Somalia, so as to seek protection from the Quraysh. Somalis were among the first populations on the continent to embrace Islam. With very few exceptions, Somalis are entirely Muslims, the majority belonging to the Sunni branch of Islam and the Shafi`i school of Islamic jurisprudence, although a few are also adherents of the Shia Muslim denomination."}], ["Menurut kajian mtDNA oleh Holden (2005) dan Richards et al. (2006), sebahagian besar keturunan kaum Somalia terdiri daripada haplogroup M1. Clade mitokondria ini biasa berlaku di kalangan orang Ethiopia dan Afrika Utara, terutamanya orang Mesir dan Algeria. M1 dipercayai berasal dari Asia, di mana keturunan M nya mewakili majoriti keturunan mtDNA. Haplogroup ini juga dianggap mungkin berkaitan dengan keluarga Afro-Asiatik: <> Bilakah Richards menerbitkan penyelidikan mtDNA beliau? || 2006 <> Bersama dengan orang Mesir, Algeria dan Somalis, apa yang orang biasa mempunyai haplogroup M1? || Etiopia <> Mengenai benua apa yang dipercayai oleh haplogroup M1? || Asia <> Siapa yang menulis kajian mtDNA pada tahun 2005? || Holden <> Apakah keluarga bahasa adalah haplogroup M1 yang dikaitkan dengan? || Afro-asiatik", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Richards publish his mtDNA research?", "id": "56fad599f34c681400b0c147", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Egyptians, Algerians and Somalis, what people commonly possess the M1 haplogroup?", "id": "56fad599f34c681400b0c148", "answers": [{"text": "Ethiopians", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what continent is the M1 haplogroup believed to have originated?", "id": "56fad599f34c681400b0c149", "answers": [{"text": "Asia", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who authored an mtDNA study in 2005?", "id": "56fad599f34c681400b0c14a", "answers": [{"text": "Holden", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What family of languages is the M1 haplogroup associated with?", "id": "56fad599f34c681400b0c14b", "answers": [{"text": "Afro-Asiatic", "answer_start": 448}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, where its parent M clade represents the majority of mtDNA lineages. This haplogroup is also thought to possibly correlate with the Afro-Asiatic language family:"}], ["Di diaspora Somalia, pelbagai acara pengumpulan dana Islam diadakan setiap tahun di bandar-bandar seperti Birmingham, London, Toronto dan Minneapolis, di mana sarjana dan profesional Somalia memberikan ceramah dan menjawab soalan daripada penonton. Tujuan acara ini biasanya untuk mendapatkan wang untuk sekolah-sekolah baru atau universiti-universiti di Somalia, untuk membantu Somalia yang telah menderita akibat banjir dan / atau kemarau, atau mengumpulkan dana untuk penciptaan masjid-masjid baru seperti Abuubakar-As- Masjid Saddique, yang sedang menjalani pembinaan di bandar-bandar berkembar. <> Bersama dengan Minneapolis, London dan Birmingham, bandar apa yang mengandungi penduduk Somalia yang ketara? || Toronto <> Apakah nama masjid yang sedang dibina di Minneapolis? || Masjid Abuubakar-As-Saddique <> Bersama dengan banjir, apakah bencana alam yang sering menggalakkan pengumpulan dana Islam? || Kekeringan <> Bersama universiti, pembinaan bangunan pendidikan kadang-kadang menjadi tumpuan pengumpulan dana Islam? || sekolah", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Minneapolis, London and Birmingham, what city contains a notable population of Somalis?", "id": "56fad7df8f12f319006301eb", "answers": [{"text": "Toronto", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the mosque under construction in Minneapolis?", "id": "56fad7df8f12f319006301ec", "answers": [{"text": "the Abuubakar-As-Saddique Mosque", "answer_start": 467}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with floods, what natural disaster often spurs Islamic fundraising?", "id": "56fad7df8f12f319006301ed", "answers": [{"text": "droughts", "answer_start": 401}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with universities, the construction of what educational buildings are sometimes the focus of Islamic fundraising?", "id": "56fad7df8f12f319006301ee", "answers": [{"text": "schools", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the Somali diaspora, multiple Islamic fundraising events are held every year in cities like Birmingham, London, Toronto and Minneapolis, where Somali scholars and professionals give lectures and answer questions from the audience. The purpose of these events is usually to raise money for new schools or universities in Somalia, to help Somalis that have suffered as a consequence of floods and/or droughts, or to gather funds for the creation of new mosques like the Abuubakar-As-Saddique Mosque, which is currently undergoing construction in the Twin cities."}], ["Sekolah-sekolah al-quran (juga dikenali sebagai dugsi) tetap menjadi asas sistem pengajaran agama tradisional di Somalia. Mereka menyediakan pendidikan Islam untuk kanak-kanak, dengan itu mengisi peranan agama dan sosial yang jelas di negara ini. Dikenal sebagai sistem pendidikan tempatan yang paling stabil dan tidak rasmi yang menyediakan arahan keagamaan dan moral asas, kekuatan mereka bergantung pada sokongan komuniti dan penggunaan bahan pengajaran tempatan dan tersedia secara meluas. Sistem al-Qur'an, yang mengajar jumlah pelajar yang paling banyak berbanding sub-sektor pendidikan yang lain, seringkali satu-satunya sistem yang boleh diakses oleh Somalis dalam nomadik berbanding dengan kawasan bandar. Satu kajian dari tahun 1993 mendapati, antara lain, \"tidak seperti di sekolah rendah di mana perbezaan jantina adalah sangat besar, sekitar 40 peratus murid sekolah Al-Qur'an adalah perempuan, tetapi staf pengajar mempunyai kelayakan minimum atau tidak diperlukan untuk memastikan perkembangan intelektual kanak-kanak. \" Untuk menangani kebimbangan ini, kerajaan Somalia pada bahagiannya sendiri kemudiannya menubuhkan Kementerian Endowmen dan Hal Ehwal Islam, di mana pendidikan Al-Quran kini dikawal. <> Apakah nama lain untuk sekolah Al-Qur'an? || dugsi <> Berapakah peratusan pelajar di sekolah Al-Quran yang perempuan? || 40 <> Apakah badan kerajaan mengawal pendidikan Al-Qur'an? || Kementerian Halal dan Hal Ehwal Islam", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another name for a Qur'anic school?", "id": "56fad7698f12f319006301e5", "answers": [{"text": "dugsi", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of students at Qur'anic schools are female?", "id": "56fad7698f12f319006301e6", "answers": [{"text": "40", "answer_start": 769}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What government body regulates Qur'anic education?", "id": "56fad7698f12f319006301e7", "answers": [{"text": "the Ministry of Endowment and Islamic Affairs", "answer_start": 1023}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Qur'anic schools (also known as dugsi) remain the basic system of traditional religious instruction in Somalia. They provide Islamic education for children, thereby filling a clear religious and social role in the country. Known as the most stable local, non-formal system of education providing basic religious and moral instruction, their strength rests on community support and their use of locally made and widely available teaching materials. The Qur'anic system, which teaches the greatest number of students relative to other educational sub-sectors, is oftentimes the only system accessible to Somalis in nomadic as compared to urban areas. A study from 1993 found, among other things, that \"unlike in primary schools where gender disparity is enormous, around 40 per cent of Qur'anic school pupils are girls; but the teaching staff have minimum or no qualification necessary to ensure intellectual development of children.\" To address these concerns, the Somali government on its own part subsequently established the Ministry of Endowment and Islamic Affairs, under which Qur'anic education is now regulated."}], ["Orang Somalia di Tanduk Afrika dibahagikan di antara negara-negara yang berbeza (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, dan Kenya timur laut) yang secara buatan dan mungkin dikatakan oleh pihak-pihak yang dipersetujui secara sewenang-wenang oleh bekas kuasa imperialis. Pan-Somalism adalah ideologi yang menyokong penyatuan semua etnis Somalis setelah menjadi bagian dari empayar Somalia seperti Empayar Ajuran, Kesultanan Adal, Dinasti Gobroon dan Negara Dervish di bawah satu bendera dan satu negara. Rejim Siad Barre secara aktif mempromosikan Pan-Somalism, yang akhirnya menyebabkan Perang Ogaden antara Somalia di satu pihak, dan Ethiopia, Cuba dan Uni Soviet di sisi lain. <> Bersama dengan Kenya, Djibouti dan Somalia, di mana negara Tanduk Afrika orang Somalia hidup? || Ethiopia <> Dalam apa bahagian geografi Kenya boleh dijumpai orang Somalia? || northeastern <> Apa nama idea yang percaya bahawa semua etnik Somalia harus hidup di negara yang sama? || Pan-Somalism <> Bersama dengan Kesatuan Soviet, negara apa yang menyokong Ethiopia dalam perangnya terhadap Somalia? || Cuba <> Apakah nama konflik antara Somalia dan Kesatuan Soviet, Cuba dan Ethiopia? || Perang Ogaden", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Kenya, Djibouti and Somalia, in what Horn of Africa country do Somali people live?", "id": "56fad4558f12f319006301d1", "answers": [{"text": "Ethiopia", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what geographic portion of Kenya can Somali people be found?", "id": "56fad4558f12f319006301d2", "answers": [{"text": "northeastern", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the idea that believes all ethnic Somalis should live in the same country?", "id": "56fad4558f12f319006301d3", "answers": [{"text": "Pan-Somalism", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Soviet Union, what country supported Ethiopia in its war against Somalia?", "id": "56fad4558f12f319006301d4", "answers": [{"text": "Cuba", "answer_start": 590}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the conflict between Somalia and the Soviet Union, Cuba and Ethiopia?", "id": "56fad4558f12f319006301d5", "answers": [{"text": "the Ogaden War", "answer_start": 532}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of Somali empires such as the Ajuran Empire, the Adal Sultanate, the Gobroon Dynasty and the Dervish State under one flag and one nation. The Siad Barre regime actively promoted Pan-Somalism, which eventually led to the Ogaden War between Somalia on one side, and Ethiopia, Cuba and the Soviet Union on the other."}], ["Menurut kajian DNA autosomal oleh Hodgson et al. (2014), bahasa Afro-Asiatik mungkin tersebar di seluruh Afrika dan di Timur Dekat oleh penduduk leluhur yang membawa komponen genetik non-Afrika yang baru yang dikenal pasti, yang diteliti oleh para penyelidik \"Ethio-Somali\". Komponen Ethio-Somalia kini paling umum di kalangan penduduk Afro-Asiatik di Tanduk Afrika. Ia mencapai puncak frekuensi di kalangan suku kaum Somalis, yang mewakili majoriti keturunan mereka. Komponen Ethio-Somali adalah yang paling berkait rapat dengan komponen genetik Maghrebi yang bukan Afrika, dan dipercayai telah divergarkan dari semua keturunan non-Afrika yang lain sekurang-kurangnya 23,000 tahun yang lalu. Atas dasar ini, para penyelidik mencadangkan bahawa etio-Somali asli yang membawa penduduk (s) mungkin tiba di masa pra-pertanian dari Timur Dekat, setelah menyeberang ke Afrika timur laut melalui Semenanjung Sinai. Penduduk itu kemudiannya berpecah menjadi dua cabang, dengan satu kumpulan menuju ke arah barat menuju Maghreb dan yang lain bergerak ke selatan ke Tanduk. <> Bilakah Hodgson menyiarkan kajian DNAnya? || 2014 <> Menurut Hodgson, apa yang orang leluhur menyebarkan bahasa Afro-Asiatik? || Ethio-Somali <> Menurut Hodgson, apa yang orang kebanyakannya berasal dari Ethio-Somalis? || Somalis <> Menurut Hodgson, berapa lama yang lalu Ethio-Somalis menyimpang dari keturunan non-Afrika yang lain? || Sekurang-kurangnya 23,000 tahun lalu <> Menurut Hodgson, di manakah asal Etio-Somalis? || Timur Dekat", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Hodgson publish his DNA study?", "id": "56fad69b8f12f319006301db", "answers": [{"text": "2014", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to Hodgson, what ancestral people spread the Afro-Asiatic languages?", "id": "56fad69b8f12f319006301dc", "answers": [{"text": "Ethio-Somali", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to Hodgson, what people is mostly descended from Ethio-Somalis?", "id": "56fad69b8f12f319006301dd", "answers": [{"text": "Somalis", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to Hodgson, how long ago did the Ethio-Somalis diverge from other non-African ancestries?", "id": "56fad69b8f12f319006301de", "answers": [{"text": "at least 23,000 years ago", "answer_start": 651}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to Hodgson, where did the Ethio-Somalis originate?", "id": "56fad69b8f12f319006301df", "answers": [{"text": "the Near East", "answer_start": 824}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. (2014), the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population(s) carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component, which the researchers dub the \"Ethio-Somali\". This Ethio-Somali component is today most common among Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations in the Horn of Africa. It reaches a frequency peak among ethnic Somalis, representing the majority of their ancestry. The Ethio-Somali component is most closely related to the Maghrebi non-African genetic component, and is believed to have diverged from all other non-African ancestries at least 23,000 years ago. On this basis, the researchers suggest that the original Ethio-Somali carrying population(s) probably arrived in the pre-agricultural period from the Near East, having crossed over into northeastern Africa via the Sinai Peninsula. The population then likely split into two branches, with one group heading westward toward the Maghreb and the other moving south into the Horn."}], ["Menurut kajian kromosom Y oleh Sanchez et al. (2005), Cruciani et al. (2004, 2007), Somalia mempunyai hubungan rapat dengan kumpulan Afro-Asiatik lain di Timur Laut Afrika. Selain daripada sebahagian besar Y-DNA di Somalis, haplogroup E1b1b1a (dahulunya E3b1a) juga membentuk sebahagian besar DNA orang Ethiopia, Sudan, Mesir, Berbers, Arab Afrika Utara, serta banyak penduduk Mediterranean. Sanchez et al. (2005) mengamati subkumpulan M78 E1b1b pada kira-kira 77% sampel lelaki Somalia mereka. Menurut Cruciani et al. (2007), kehadiran subhaplogroup ini di rantau Horn mungkin mewakili kesan penghijrahan kuno dari Mesir / Libya. Selepas haplogroup E1b1b, haplogroup Y-DNA yang paling kerap kali kedua di kalangan Somalis adalah haplogroup Asia Barat T (M70). Ia diperhatikan lebih sedikit daripada 10% lelaki Somalia. Haplogroup T, seperti haplogroup E1b1b, juga lazimnya terdapat di kalangan penduduk Afrika Timur Laut, Afrika Utara, Timur Dekat dan Mediterranean. <> Dalam tahun apakah Sanchez menerbitkan kajiannya mengenai etnik Somalia? || 2005 <> Apa pembicara kumpulan bahasa yang etnis Somalis berkait rapat? || Afro-asiatic <> Apa haplogroup hadir dalam sejumlah besar Somalia? || E1b1b1a <> Berdasarkan kehadiran subkumpulan M78, di manakah beberapa penyelidik berfikir Somalis berasal? || Mesir / Libya <> Berapa peratus lelaki Somalia mempunyai DNA yang mengandungi subkedudukan M78 E1b1b? || 77%", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Sanchez publish his study on Somali ethnicity?", "id": "56fad51ef34c681400b0c13d", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language group speakers are ethnic Somalis closely related to?", "id": "56fad51ef34c681400b0c13e", "answers": [{"text": "Afro-Asiatic", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What haplogroup is present in a significant number of Somalis?", "id": "56fad51ef34c681400b0c13f", "answers": [{"text": "E1b1b1a", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Based on the presence of the M78 subclade, where do some researchers think Somalis originated?", "id": "56fad51ef34c681400b0c140", "answers": [{"text": "Egypt/Libya", "answer_start": 702}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Somali males had DNA containing the M78 subclade of E1b1b?", "id": "56fad51ef34c681400b0c141", "answers": [{"text": "77%", "answer_start": 523}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to Y chromosome studies by Sanchez et al. (2005), Cruciani et al. (2004, 2007), the Somalis are paternally closely related to other Afro-Asiatic-speaking groups in Northeast Africa. Besides comprising the majority of the Y-DNA in Somalis, the E1b1b1a (formerly E3b1a) haplogroup also makes up a significant proportion of the paternal DNA of Ethiopians, Sudanese, Egyptians, Berbers, North African Arabs, as well as many Mediterranean populations. Sanchez et al. (2005) observed the M78 subclade of E1b1b in about 77% of their Somali male samples. According to Cruciani et al. (2007), the presence of this subhaplogroup in the Horn region may represent the traces of an ancient migration from Egypt/Libya. After haplogroup E1b1b, the second most frequently occurring Y-DNA haplogroup among Somalis is the West Asian haplogroup T (M70). It is observed in slightly more than 10% of Somali males. Haplogroup T, like haplogroup E1b1b, is also typically found among populations of Northeast Africa, North Africa, the Near East and the Mediterranean."}], ["Di Amerika Syarikat, Minneapolis, Saint Paul, Columbus, San Diego, Seattle, Washington, DC, Houston, Atlanta, Los Angeles, Portland, Denver, Nashville, Green Bay, Lewiston, Portland, Maine dan Cedar Rapids mempunyai populasi Somalia terbesar . <> Negara mana yang terletak di Cedar Rapids? || Amerika Syarikat", {"qas": [{"question": "What country is Cedar Rapids located in?", "id": "56fae0218f12f31900630217", "answers": [{"text": "the United States", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the United States, Minneapolis, Saint Paul, Columbus, San Diego, Seattle, Washington, D.C., Houston, Atlanta, Los Angeles, Portland, Denver, Nashville, Green Bay, Lewiston, Portland, Maine and Cedar Rapids have the largest Somali populations."}], ["Bahasa Somali adalah ahli cabang Cushitic dari keluarga Afro-Asiatik. Saudara terdekatnya adalah bahasa Afar dan Saho. Somali adalah yang paling didokumenkan dalam bahasa-bahasa Cushitic, dengan kajian akademiknya bertarikh sebelum tahun 1900. <> Apakah keluarga bahasa apakah bahasa Somalia? || Afro-Asiatic <> Apa cawangan keluarga bahasa Afro-Asiatik yang dimiliki oleh bahasa Somalia? || Cushitic <> Bersama dengan Saho, bahasa mana yang berkait rapat dengan Somalia? || Afar <> Antara bahasa-bahasa Cushitic, yang paling banyak didokumentasikan? || Somali <> Sebelum tahun apa kajian mengenai bahasa Somalia ada? || 1900", {"qas": [{"question": "What language family does the Somali language belong to?", "id": "56fae1d7f34c681400b0c16d", "answers": [{"text": "Afro-Asiatic", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family does the Somali language belong to?", "id": "56fae1d7f34c681400b0c16e", "answers": [{"text": "Cushitic", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Saho, what language is closely related to Somali?", "id": "56fae1d7f34c681400b0c16f", "answers": [{"text": "Afar", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Among the Cushitic languages, which is the most well-documented?", "id": "56fae1d7f34c681400b0c170", "answers": [{"text": "Somali", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Before what year did studies on the Somali language exist?", "id": "56fae1d7f34c681400b0c171", "answers": [{"text": "1900", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Somali language is a member of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. Its nearest relatives are the Afar and Saho languages. Somali is the best documented of the Cushitic languages, with academic studies of it dating from before 1900."}], ["Pada tahun 1975, pembaharuan kerajaan yang paling menonjol mengenai undang-undang keluarga di negara Islam telah digerakkan di Republik Demokratik Somalia, yang meletakkan wanita dan lelaki, termasuk suami dan isteri, pada kedudukan yang sama. 1975 Undang-undang Keluarga Somali memberi lelaki dan wanita pembahagian harta yang sama antara suami dan isteri semasa perceraian dan hak eksklusif untuk dikawal oleh setiap pasangan atas harta peribadi mereka. <> Apa undang-undang yang memberikan suami dan isteri Somalia sama dengan harta peribadi? || 1975 Undang-Undang Keluarga Somalia <> Apa nama rasmi negara di mana Undang-Undang Keluarga 1975 Somalia diluluskan? || Republik Demokratik Somalia <> Selain memberikan pasangan hak yang sama ke atas harta peribadi mereka semasa perkawinan, apa yang diberikan oleh Hukum Keluarga Somalia? || pembahagian hak harta bersama antara suami dan isteri semasa perceraian", {"qas": [{"question": "What law gave Somali husbands and wives equal rights over personal property?", "id": "56fad9608f12f319006301ff", "answers": [{"text": "1975 Somali Family Law", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the official name of the country in which the 1975 Somali Family Law was passed?", "id": "56fad9608f12f31900630200", "answers": [{"text": "the Somali Democratic Republic", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to giving spouses equal rights over their personal property during marriage, what did the Somali Family Law give them?", "id": "56fad9608f12f31900630201", "answers": [{"text": "equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce", "answer_start": 270}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1975, the most prominent government reforms regarding family law in a Muslim country were set in motion in the Somali Democratic Republic, which put women and men, including husbands and wives, on complete equal footing. The 1975 Somali Family Law gave men and women equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce and the exclusive right to control by each spouse over his or her personal property."}], ["Terdapat masyarakat Somalia yang besar di Emiriah Arab Bersatu. Perniagaan milik Somalia menyusuri jalan-jalan di Deira, pusat bandar Dubai, dengan hanya Iran mengeksport lebih banyak produk dari bandar raya pada umumnya. Kafe internet, hotel, kedai kopi, restoran dan perniagaan import-eksport adalah kesaksian semangat keusahawanan Somalia. Star African Air juga merupakan salah satu daripada tiga syarikat penerbangan milik Somalia yang berpusat di Dubai. <> Di negara Timur Tengah apakah penduduk Somalia yang terkenal? || Emiriah Arab Bersatu <> Apakah nama lain untuk pusat bandar Dubai? || Deira <> Orang dari kewarganegaraan mengeksport lebih banyak produk dari Dubai daripada Somalis? || Iran <> Apa nama syarikat penerbangan milik Somalis yang berpangkalan di Dubai? || Star African Air <> Berapa banyak syarikat penerbangan di Dubai yang dimiliki oleh Somalis? || tiga", {"qas": [{"question": "In what Middle Eastern country is there a notable Somali population?", "id": "56fae1078f12f31900630223", "answers": [{"text": "the United Arab Emirates", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for the city center of Dubai?", "id": "56fae1078f12f31900630224", "answers": [{"text": "Deira", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "People of what nationality export more products from Dubai than Somalis?", "id": "56fae1078f12f31900630225", "answers": [{"text": "Iranians", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of an airline owned by Dubai-based Somalis?", "id": "56fae1078f12f31900630226", "answers": [{"text": "Star African Air", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Dubai-based airlines are owned by Somalis?", "id": "56fae1078f12f31900630227", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There is a sizable Somali community in the United Arab Emirates. Somali-owned businesses line the streets of Deira, the Dubai city centre, with only Iranians exporting more products from the city at large. Internet caf\u00e9s, hotels, coffee shops, restaurants and import-export businesses are all testimony to the Somalis' entrepreneurial spirit. Star African Air is also one of three Somali-owned airlines which are based in Dubai."}], ["Walaupun pengagihan Somalis setiap negara di Eropah sukar untuk diukur kerana komuniti Somalia di benua telah berkembang dengan pesat dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini, anggaran rasmi 2010 melaporkan 108,000 orang Somalia yang tinggal di United Kingdom. Somalia di Britain sebahagian besarnya tertumpu di bandar-bandar London, Sheffield, Bristol, Birmingham, Cardiff, Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, dan Leicester, dengan London sendiri menyumbang 78% penduduk Somalia Britain. Terdapat juga komuniti Somalia yang penting di Sweden: 57,906 (2014); Belanda: 37,432 (2014); Norway: 38,413 (2015); Denmark: 18,645 (2014); dan Finland: 16,721 (2014). <> Berapa banyak orang Somalia tinggal di UK? || 108,000 <> Berapa peratus penduduk Somalia yang tinggal di Britain tinggal di London? || 78% <> Sehingga 2014, berapa orang Somalis tinggal di Sweden? || 57,906 <> Pada tahun 2014, berapa orang Somalia tinggal di Norway? || 38,413 <> Berapa banyak penduduk Somalia tinggal di Finland pada 2014? || 16,721", {"qas": [{"question": "About how many Somalis live in the UK?", "id": "56fadfc58f12f3190063020d", "answers": [{"text": "108,000", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Somalis living in Britain reside in London?", "id": "56fadfc58f12f3190063020e", "answers": [{"text": "78%", "answer_start": 436}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of 2014, how many Somalis lived in Sweden?", "id": "56fadfc58f12f3190063020f", "answers": [{"text": "57,906", "answer_start": 529}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2014, how many Somalis resided in Norway?", "id": "56fadfc58f12f31900630210", "answers": [{"text": "38,413", "answer_start": 584}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Somalis lived in Finland as of 2014?", "id": "56fadfc58f12f31900630211", "answers": [{"text": "16,721", "answer_start": 636}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "While the distribution of Somalis per country in Europe is hard to measure because the Somali community on the continent has grown so quickly in recent years, an official 2010 estimate reported 108,000 Somalis living in the United Kingdom. Somalis in Britain are largely concentrated in the cities of London, Sheffield, Bristol, Birmingham, Cardiff, Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, and Leicester, with London alone accounting for roughly 78% of Britain's Somali population. There are also significant Somali communities in Sweden: 57,906 (2014); the Netherlands: 37,432 (2014); Norway: 38,413 (2015); Denmark: 18,645 (2014); and Finland: 16,721 (2014)."}], ["Perselisihan sivil pada awal 1990-an sangat meningkatkan ukuran diaspora Somalia, kerana banyak orang Somalis yang berpendidikan yang paling tinggi meninggalkan Timur Tengah, Eropah dan Amerika Utara. Di Kanada, bandar-bandar Toronto, Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal, Vancouver, Winnipeg dan Hamilton semua pelabuhan Somalia. Statistik Banci 2006 Kanada menduduki orang keturunan Somalia sebagai kumpulan etnik ke-69 terbesar di Kanada. <> Apa yang menyebabkan peningkatan dalam jumlah orang Somalia meninggalkan negara ini? || Persengketaan sivil <> Bersama dengan Timur Tengah dan Amerika Utara, ke benua apa yang dilakukan diaspora Somalia pada tahun 1990-an? || Eropah <> Bersama dengan Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal, Winnipeg, Hamilton dan Vancouver, apa bandar Kanada mempunyai penduduk Somalia yang penting? || Toronto <> Sehingga tahun 2006, di mana kedudukan Somalis dari segi populasi mengikut etnik di Kanada? || 69th", {"qas": [{"question": "What led to an increase in the number of Somalis leaving the country?", "id": "56fada5c8f12f31900630205", "answers": [{"text": "Civil strife", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Middle East and North America, to what continent did the Somali diaspora go in the 1990s?", "id": "56fada5c8f12f31900630206", "answers": [{"text": "Europe", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal, Winnipeg, Hamilton and Vancouver, what Canadian city has a significant Somali population?", "id": "56fada5c8f12f31900630207", "answers": [{"text": "Toronto", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of 2006, where did Somalis rank in terms of population by ethnicity in Canada?", "id": "56fada5c8f12f31900630208", "answers": [{"text": "69th", "answer_start": 377}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Civil strife in the early 1990s greatly increased the size of the Somali diaspora, as many of the best educated Somalis left for the Middle East, Europe and North America. In Canada, the cities of Toronto, Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal, Vancouver, Winnipeg and Hamilton all harbor Somali populations. Statistics Canada's 2006 census ranks people of Somali descent as the 69th largest ethnic group in Canada."}], ["Dianggarkan 20,000 Somalia berhijrah ke negeri Minnesota A.S. sepuluh tahun yang lalu dan Twin Cities (Minneapolis dan Saint Paul) kini mempunyai penduduk Somalia yang tertinggi di Amerika Utara. Kota Minneapolis menganjurkan beratus-ratus perniagaan milik Somalia dan beroperasi yang menawarkan pelbagai produk, termasuk kasut kulit, perhiasan dan barangan fesyen lain, daging halal, dan hawala atau perkhidmatan pemindahan wang. Kedai penyewaan video berasaskan komuniti juga membawa filem dan muzik Somali terkini. Bilangan orang Somalia terutamanya melonjak di kawasan Cedar-Riverside di Minneapolis. <> Bersama dengan Saint Paul, kota apa yang menjadi Kota Berkembar? || Minneapolis <> Berapa banyak orang Somalia berpindah ke Minnesota sepuluh tahun yang lalu? || 20,000 <> Apa kawasan Minneapolis mengandungi nombor Somalis yang ketara? || Cedar-Riverside <> Apa itu hawala? || perkhidmatan pemindahan wang <> Jenis daging apa yang dijual di perniagaan Somalia di Minneapolis? || halal", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Saint Paul, what city constitutes the Twin Cities?", "id": "56fae0a58f12f31900630219", "answers": [{"text": "Minneapolis", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many Somalis moved to Minnesota ten years ago?", "id": "56fae0a58f12f3190063021a", "answers": [{"text": "20,000", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What area of Minneapolis contains a notable number of Somalis?", "id": "56fae0a58f12f3190063021b", "answers": [{"text": "Cedar-Riverside", "answer_start": 555}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is hawala?", "id": "56fae0a58f12f3190063021c", "answers": [{"text": "money transfer services", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of meat is sold in Somali businesses in Minneapolis?", "id": "56fae0a58f12f3190063021d", "answers": [{"text": "halal", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "An estimated 20,000 Somalis emigrated to the U.S. state of Minnesota some ten years ago and the Twin Cities (Minneapolis and Saint Paul) now have the highest population of Somalis in North America. The city of Minneapolis hosts hundreds of Somali-owned and operated businesses offering a variety of products, including leather shoes, jewelry and other fashion items, halal meat, and hawala or money transfer services. Community-based video rental stores likewise carry the latest Somali films and music. The number of Somalis has especially surged in the Cedar-Riverside area of Minneapolis."}], ["Selain kawasan pendudukan tradisional di Somalia Besar, komuniti Somalia yang kebanyakannya terdiri daripada usahawan, ahli akademik, dan pelajar juga wujud di Mesir. Di samping itu, terdapat komuniti Somalia yang bersejarah di kawasan umum Sudan. Terutamanya tertumpu di utara dan Khartoum, komuniti ekspatriat terdiri daripada pelajar dan juga beberapa ahli perniagaan. Baru-baru ini, usahawan Somalia telah menubuhkan mereka di Kenya, melabur lebih $ 1.5 bilion di kawasan Somalia di Eastleigh sahaja. Di Afrika Selatan, ahli perniagaan Somalia juga menyediakan sebahagian besar perdagangan runcit di penempatan tidak formal di sekitar wilayah Cape Barat. <> Berhampiran bandar raya di Sudan yang mana banyak penduduk Somalia? || Khartoum <> Dalam apa bahagian geografi Sudan melakukan beberapa orang Somalia? || utara <> Bersama ahli perniagaan, apa jenis penduduk Somalia di Sudan? || pelajar <> Dalam apa yang dikuasai Somalia di Kenya mempunyai Somalis melabur lebih daripada $ 1.5 bilion? || Eastleigh <> Di Afrika Selatan apa wilayah Somalia berkumpul? || Cape Barat", {"qas": [{"question": "Near what city in Sudan do many Somalis reside?", "id": "56fae1818f12f3190063022d", "answers": [{"text": "Khartoum", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what geographical portion of Sudan do some Somalis live?", "id": "56fae1818f12f3190063022e", "answers": [{"text": "north", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with businesspeople, what sort of Somalis live in Sudan?", "id": "56fae1818f12f3190063022f", "answers": [{"text": "students", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what Somali enclave in Kenya have Somalis invested over $1.5 billion?", "id": "56fae1818f12f31900630230", "answers": [{"text": "Eastleigh", "answer_start": 511}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what province of South Africa do Somalis congregate?", "id": "56fae1818f12f31900630231", "answers": [{"text": "Western Cape", "answer_start": 640}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Besides their traditional areas of inhabitation in Greater Somalia, a Somali community mainly consisting of entrepreneurs, academics, and students also exists in Egypt. In addition, there is an historical Somali community in the general Sudan area. Primarily concentrated in the north and Khartoum, the expatriate community mainly consists of students as well as some businesspeople. More recently, Somali entrepreneurs have established themselves in Kenya, investing over $1.5 billion in the Somali enclave of Eastleigh alone. In South Africa, Somali businesspeople also provide most of the retail trade in informal settlements around the Western Cape province."}], ["Somalia merupakan kumpulan etnik terbesar di Somalia, kira-kira 85% daripada penduduk negara. Mereka secara tradisinya nomaden, tetapi sejak akhir abad ke-20, ramai telah berpindah ke kawasan bandar. Walaupun sebahagian besar Somalia boleh ditemui di Somalia yang tepat, sejumlah besar juga tinggal di Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Yaman, Timur Tengah, Asia Selatan dan Eropah kerana tradisi pelayaran mereka. <> Apa kumpulan etnik terbesar di Somalia? || Somalis <> Berapa peratus daripada Somalia adalah etnik Somalia? || 85% <> Semasa abad apa gaya hidup nomad merosot di kalangan Somalia? || 20 <> Mengapa ramai orang Somalia tinggal di Asia Selatan dan Eropah? || tradisi pelayaran mereka <> Bersama dengan Djibouti dan Ethiopia, di mana negara Afrika di luar Somalia boleh ditemui Somalis? || Kenya", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the biggest ethnic group in Somalia?", "id": "56fad9cef34c681400b0c163", "answers": [{"text": "Somalis", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Somalians are ethnic Somalis?", "id": "56fad9cef34c681400b0c164", "answers": [{"text": "85%", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what century did the nomad lifestyle decline among Somalis?", "id": "56fad9cef34c681400b0c165", "answers": [{"text": "20th", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why do many Somalis live in South Asia and Europe?", "id": "56fad9cef34c681400b0c166", "answers": [{"text": "their seafaring tradition", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Djibouti and Ethiopia, in what African country outside Somalia can Somalis be found?", "id": "56fad9cef34c681400b0c167", "answers": [{"text": "Kenya", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Somalis constitute the largest ethnic group in Somalia, at approximately 85% of the nation's inhabitants. They are traditionally nomads, but since the late 20th century, many have moved to urban areas. While most Somalis can be found in Somalia proper, large numbers also live in Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Yemen, the Middle East, South Asia and Europe due to their seafaring tradition."}], ["Masyarakat Somali secara tradisinya secara etnik endogamous. Jadi untuk memperluaskan ikatan perikatan, perkahwinan sering menjadi etnik Somalia lain dari klan yang berbeza. Oleh itu, contohnya, satu kajian baru-baru ini memerhatikan bahawa dalam 89 pernikahan yang dikontrak oleh kaum lelaki Dhulbahante, 55 (62%) adalah wanita dari kaum klan Dhulbahante selain daripada suami mereka; 30 (33.7%) adalah kaum wanita di sekeliling keluarga klan lain (Isaaq, 28; Hawiye, 3); dan 3 (4.3%) adalah dengan kaum wanita puak lain dari keluarga kaum Darod (Majerteen 2, Ogaden 1). <> Amalan apa yang sering digunakan untuk mengikat klan yang berlainan? || Perkahwinan <> Menurut satu kajian baru-baru ini, berapa ramai lelaki dari klan Dhulbahante berkahwin dengan wanita dari klan Hawiye? || 3 <> Menurut satu kajian baru-baru ini, berapa lelaki Dhulbahante menikah dengan wanita dari sub-klan Dhulbahante yang berbeza? || 55 <> Kepada keluarga keluarga apakah yang dimiliki oleh Ogaden? || Darod <> Berapa peratus daripada lelaki Dhulbahante berkahwin dengan wanita dari Majerteen atau Ogaden? || 4.3%", {"qas": [{"question": "What practice is often used to bind different clans together?", "id": "56fad8e28f12f319006301f5", "answers": [{"text": "marriage", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to a recent study, how many men of the Dhulbahante clan married women from the Hawiye clan?", "id": "56fad8e28f12f319006301f6", "answers": [{"text": "3", "answer_start": 436}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to a recent study, how many Dhulbahante men married women of a different Dhulbahante sub-clan?", "id": "56fad8e28f12f319006301f7", "answers": [{"text": "55", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what clan family do the Ogaden belong?", "id": "56fad8e28f12f319006301f8", "answers": [{"text": "Darod", "answer_start": 491}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of Dhulbahante men married women of the Majerteen or Ogaden?", "id": "56fad8e28f12f319006301f9", "answers": [{"text": "4.3%", "answer_start": 447}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Somali society is traditionally ethnically endogamous. So to extend ties of alliance, marriage is often to another ethnic Somali from a different clan. Thus, for example, a recent study observed that in 89 marriages contracted by men of the Dhulbahante clan, 55 (62%) were with women of Dhulbahante sub-clans other than those of their husbands; 30 (33.7%) were with women of surrounding clans of other clan families (Isaaq, 28; Hawiye, 3); and 3 (4.3%) were with women of other clans of the Darod clan family (Majerteen 2, Ogaden 1)."}], ["Kesemua tradisi ini, termasuk perayaan, seni bela diri, pakaian, kesusasteraan, sukan dan permainan seperti Shax, telah memberikan sumbangan besar kepada pengayaan warisan Somalia. <> Apa permainan yang penting yang dimainkan di Somalia? || Shax <> Bersama sukan, permainan, sastera, pakaian dan perayaan, apakah tradisi kebudayaan Somalia yang ketara? || seni mempertahankan diri", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a notable game that is played in Somalia?", "id": "56fae4d9f34c681400b0c189", "answers": [{"text": "Shax", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with sport, games, literature, dress and festivals, what is a notable Somali cultural tradition?", "id": "56fae4d9f34c681400b0c18a", "answers": [{"text": "martial arts", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "All of these traditions, including festivals, martial arts, dress, literature, sport and games such as Shax, have immensely contributed to the enrichment of Somali heritage."}], ["Bilangan penutur Somali yang tepat tidak diketahui. Satu sumber menganggarkan bahawa terdapat 7.78 juta penutur Somali di Somalia sendiri dan 12.65 juta penceramah di seluruh dunia. Bahasa Somali dituturkan oleh etnik Somalis di Somalia Besar dan diaspora Somalia. <> Berapa banyak orang di Somalia bercakap Somalia? || 7.78 juta <> Dalam berjuta-juta, berapa banyak penceramah Somali global di sana? || 12,65 <> Bersama Somali Somalia, etnis Somalis, yang bercakap Somalia? || diaspora Somalia", {"qas": [{"question": "About how many people in Somalia speak Somali?", "id": "56fae2a48f12f31900630237", "answers": [{"text": "7.78 million", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In millions, about how many global Somali speakers are there?", "id": "56fae2a48f12f31900630238", "answers": [{"text": "12.65", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Greater Somalia ethnic Somalis, who speaks Somali?", "id": "56fae2a48f12f31900630239", "answers": [{"text": "the Somali diaspora", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The exact number of speakers of Somali is unknown. One source estimates that there are 7.78 million speakers of Somali in Somalia itself and 12.65 million speakers globally. The Somali language is spoken by ethnic Somalis in Greater Somalia and the Somali diaspora."}], ["Selain Somalia, bahasa Arab, yang juga bahasa Afro-Asiatik, adalah bahasa kebangsaan rasmi di Somalia dan Djibouti. Banyak orang Somalia mengucapkannya kerana hubungan lama dengan dunia Arab, pengaruh media Arab dan pendidikan agama yang meluas. Somalia dan Djibouti juga adalah kedua-dua ahli Liga Arab. <> Selain Somalia, apakah bahasa rasmi Somalia? || Bahasa Arab <> Untuk keluarga bahasa apakah bahasa Arab? || Afro-Asiatic <> Di negara tetangga apakah bahasa Arab juga bahasa rasmi? || Djibouti <> Apakah organisasi yang ada di Djibouti dan Somalia? || Liga Arab <> Selama berapa Somalia mempunyai hubungan dengan dunia Arab? || berabad-abad lamanya", {"qas": [{"question": "Other than Somali, what is an official language of Somalia?", "id": "56fae3e08f12f31900630251", "answers": [{"text": "Arabic", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what language family does Arabic belong?", "id": "56fae3e08f12f31900630252", "answers": [{"text": "Afro-Asiatic", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what neighboring country is Arabic also an official language?", "id": "56fae3e08f12f31900630253", "answers": [{"text": "Djibouti", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization do both Djibouti and Somalia belong to?", "id": "56fae3e08f12f31900630254", "answers": [{"text": "the Arab League", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For how long has Somalia had connections to the Arab world?", "id": "56fae3e08f12f31900630255", "answers": [{"text": "centuries", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In addition to Somali, Arabic, which is also an Afro-Asiatic tongue, is an official national language in both Somalia and Djibouti. Many Somalis speak it due to centuries-old ties with the Arab world, the far-reaching influence of the Arabic media, and religious education. Somalia and Djibouti are also both members of the Arab League."}], ["Dialog Somalia dibahagikan kepada tiga kumpulan utama: Utara, Benaadir dan Maay. Somali Utara (atau Northern-Central Somali) membentuk asas untuk Standard Somali. Benaadir (juga dikenali sebagai Pantai Somali) dituturkan di pantai Benadir dari Adale ke selatan Merca, termasuk Mogadishu, serta di pedalaman terdekat. Dialek pantai mempunyai fonem tambahan yang tidak wujud dalam Standard Somalia. Maay pada dasarnya dituturkan oleh klan Digil dan Mirifle (Rahanweyn) di kawasan selatan Somalia. <> Bersama dengan Utara dan Maay, apakah kumpulan utama ketiga dialek Somalia? || Benaadir <> Apa dialek yang berdasarkan Standard Somali? || Somali Utara <> Apakah nama lain untuk Benaadir? || Somali pantai <> Apa dialek yang digunakan di Mogadishu? || Benaadir <> Dalam apa bahagian geografi Somalia lakukan hidup Rahanweyn? || selatan", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Northern and Maay, what is the third main group of Somali dialects?", "id": "56fae2fc8f12f3190063023d", "answers": [{"text": "Benaadir", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What dialect is Standard Somali based on?", "id": "56fae2fc8f12f3190063023e", "answers": [{"text": "Northern Somali", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for Benaadir?", "id": "56fae2fc8f12f3190063023f", "answers": [{"text": "Coastal Somali", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What dialect is spoken on Mogadishu?", "id": "56fae2fc8f12f31900630240", "answers": [{"text": "Benaadir", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what geographic part of Somalia do the Rahanweyn live?", "id": "56fae2fc8f12f31900630241", "answers": [{"text": "southern", "answer_start": 487}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Somali dialects are divided into three main groups: Northern, Benaadir and Maay. Northern Somali (or Northern-Central Somali) forms the basis for Standard Somali. Benaadir (also known as Coastal Somali) is spoken on the Benadir coast from Adale to south of Merca, including Mogadishu, as well as in the immediate hinterland. The coastal dialects have additional phonemes which do not exist in Standard Somali. Maay is principally spoken by the Digil and Mirifle (Rahanweyn) clans in the southern areas of Somalia."}], ["Budaya Somalia adalah perpaduan tradisi yang dikembangkan secara bebas dan melalui interaksi dengan tamadun jiran dan jauh, seperti bahagian lain dari Timur Laut Afrika, Semenanjung Arab, India dan Asia Tenggara. <> Peradaban dari bahagian geografi Afrika mempengaruhi budaya Somalia? || Timur Laut <> Peradaban dari bahagian geografi Asia yang mempengaruhi budaya Somalia? || Southeast <> Apa yang penting di negara Asia mempengaruhi budaya Somalia? || India <> Bersama dengan Timur Laut Afrika, Asia Tenggara dan India, apa yang mempunyai pengaruh penting terhadap budaya Somalia? || Semenanjung Arab", {"qas": [{"question": "Civilizations from what geographic part of Africa influenced Somali culture?", "id": "56fae437f34c681400b0c177", "answers": [{"text": "Northeast", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Civilizations from what geographic part of Asia influenced Somali culture?", "id": "56fae437f34c681400b0c178", "answers": [{"text": "Southeast", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Asian country notable influenced Somali culture?", "id": "56fae437f34c681400b0c179", "answers": [{"text": "India", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Northeast Africa, Southeast Asia and India, what locale had a significant influence on Somali culture?", "id": "56fae437f34c681400b0c17a", "answers": [{"text": "the Arabian Peninsula", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The culture of Somalia is an amalgamation of traditions developed independently and through interaction with neighbouring and far away civilizations, such as other parts of Northeast Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, India and Southeast Asia."}], ["Komuniti pembuatan tekstil di Somalia adalah penerusan industri tekstil purba, seperti budaya ukiran kayu, tembikar dan seni bina monumental yang menguasai pedalaman dan landskap Somalia. Penyebaran kebudayaan perusahaan komersial Somalia dapat dikesan dalam masakannya, yang mengandung pengaruh Asia Tenggara. Oleh kerana cinta dan kemudahan orang Somalia yang penuh dengan puisi, Somalia sering dirujuk oleh para ulama sebagai \"Negara Penyair\" dan \"Bangsa Bards\" termasuk antara lain, novelis Kanada, Margaret Laurence. <> Makanan Somalia mengandungi pengaruh dari rantau apa? || Asia Tenggara <> Bersama tekstil, ukiran kayu dan tembikar, apa aktiviti kebudayaan purba masih menguasai Somalia hari ini? || seni bina monumental <> Siapa yang memanggil Somalia sebagai \"Negara Bards\"? || Margaret Laurence Dari apa kewarganegaraannya adalah orang yang memanggil Somalia sebagai \"Bangsa Bards\"? || Kanada <> Apakah profesion individu yang merujuk Somalia sebagai \"Negara Bards\"? || penulis novel", {"qas": [{"question": "Somali food contains influences from what region?", "id": "56fae4b5f34c681400b0c17f", "answers": [{"text": "Southeast Asian", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with textiles, wood carving and pottery, what ancient cultural activity still dominates Somalia today?", "id": "56fae4b5f34c681400b0c180", "answers": [{"text": "monumental architecture", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who called Somalia a \"Nation of Bards\"?", "id": "56fae4b5f34c681400b0c181", "answers": [{"text": "Margaret Laurence", "answer_start": 556}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of what nationality is the person who called Somalia a \"Nation of Bards\"?", "id": "56fae4b5f34c681400b0c182", "answers": [{"text": "Canadian", "answer_start": 538}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the profession of the individual who referred to Somalia as a \"Nation of Bards\"?", "id": "56fae4b5f34c681400b0c183", "answers": [{"text": "novelist", "answer_start": 547}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The textile-making communities in Somalia are a continuation of an ancient textile industry, as is the culture of wood carving, pottery and monumental architecture that dominates Somali interiors and landscapes. The cultural diffusion of Somali commercial enterprise can be detected in its cuisine, which contains Southeast Asian influences. Due to the Somali people's passionate love for and facility with poetry, Somalia has often been referred to by scholars as a \"Nation of Poets\" and a \"Nation of Bards\" including, among others, the Canadian novelist Margaret Laurence."}], ["Somalis mempunyai warisan muzik yang kaya dengan budaya tradisional Somalia. Kebanyakan lagu Somalia adalah pentatonik. Iaitu, mereka hanya menggunakan lima padang setiap oktaf berbanding dengan skala heptatonik (tujuh nota), seperti skala utama. Pada mulanya dengar, muzik Somalia mungkin tersilap kerana bunyi kawasan berdekatan seperti Ethiopia, Sudan atau Arabia, tetapi ia akhirnya dapat dikenali dengan lagu dan gaya tersendiri. Lagu-lagu Somalia biasanya merupakan produk kerjasama antara penulis lirik (midho), penulis lagu (land) dan penyanyi ('odka atau \"suara\"). <> Skala apa yang digunakan oleh kebanyakan lagu Somalia? || pentatonik <> Berapa banyak nota dalam skala hepatonik? || tujuh <> Apakah kelebihan skala hepatonik? || skala utama <> Bersama dengan Arab dan Ethiopia, tanah apa lagu yang terdengar mirip dengan orang-orang Somalia? || Sudan <> Apa maksud bahasa midho dalam bahasa Inggeris? || lyricists", {"qas": [{"question": "What scale is used by most Somali songs?", "id": "56fae5418f12f3190063025b", "answers": [{"text": "pentatonic", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many notes are in a hepatonic scale?", "id": "56fae5418f12f3190063025c", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an exaple of a hepatonic scale?", "id": "56fae5418f12f3190063025d", "answers": [{"text": "the major scale", "answer_start": 215}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Arabia and Ethiopia, what land has songs that sound similar to those of Somalia?", "id": "56fae5418f12f3190063025e", "answers": [{"text": "Sudan", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does midho mean in English?", "id": "56fae5418f12f3190063025f", "answers": [{"text": "lyricists", "answer_start": 480}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Somalis have a rich musical heritage centered on traditional Somali folklore. Most Somali songs are pentatonic. That is, they only use five pitches per octave in contrast to a heptatonic (seven note) scale, such as the major scale. At first listen, Somali music might be mistaken for the sounds of nearby regions such as Ethiopia, Sudan or Arabia, but it is ultimately recognizable by its own unique tunes and styles. Somali songs are usually the product of collaboration between lyricists (midho), songwriters (lahan) and singers ('odka or \"voice\")."}], ["Seni Somali adalah budaya seni rakyat Somalia, bersejarah dan kontemporari. Ini termasuk tradisi seni dalam tembikar, muzik, seni bina, ukiran kayu dan genre lain. Seni Somalia dicirikan oleh aniconisme, sebahagiannya sebagai akibat pengaruh pengaruh pra-Islam mitos Somalis ditambah dengan kepercayaan Muslim di mana-mana. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat beberapa kes pada masa lalu penggambaran seni yang mewakili makhluk hidup, seperti lukisan batu purba tertentu di Somalia utara, burung emas di kanopi Mogadishan, dan hiasan tumbuhan di makam agama di Somalia selatan. Biasanya, corak rumit dan reka bentuk geometri, warna berani dan senibina monumental adalah norma. <> Apa ciri khas seni Somalia? || aniconism <> Bersama dengan ukiran kayu, seni bina dan tembikar, apakah tradisi artistik Somalia yang terkenal? || muzik <> Dalam apa wilayah geografi Somalia lukisan batu purba terletak? || utara <> Apa haiwan yang digambarkan di kanopi Mogadishan? || Burung <> Dalam kawasan Somalia apa yang boleh dicari makam yang dihiasi dengan tumbuh-tumbuhan? || selatan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a notable characteristic of Somali art?", "id": "56fae60d8f12f3190063026f", "answers": [{"text": "aniconism", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with wood carving, architecture and pottery, what is a notable Somali artistic tradition?", "id": "56fae60d8f12f31900630270", "answers": [{"text": "music", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what geographic region of Somalia are ancient rock paintings located?", "id": "56fae60d8f12f31900630271", "answers": [{"text": "northern", "answer_start": 508}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What animals are depicted on the Mogadishan canopies?", "id": "56fae60d8f12f31900630272", "answers": [{"text": "birds", "answer_start": 537}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what area of Somalia can one find the tombs decorated with plants?", "id": "56fae60d8f12f31900630273", "answers": [{"text": "southern", "answer_start": 619}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Somali art is the artistic culture of the Somali people, both historic and contemporary. These include artistic traditions in pottery, music, architecture, wood carving and other genres. Somali art is characterized by its aniconism, partly as a result of the vestigial influence of the pre-Islamic mythology of the Somalis coupled with their ubiquitous Muslim beliefs. However, there have been cases in the past of artistic depictions representing living creatures, such as certain ancient rock paintings in northern Somalia, the golden birds on the Mogadishan canopies, and the plant decorations on religious tombs in southern Somalia. More typically, intricate patterns and geometric designs, bold colors and monumental architecture were the norm."}], ["Sejumlah sistem penulisan telah digunakan selama bertahun-tahun untuk menyalin bahasa. Daripada jumlah ini, abjad Somalia adalah yang paling banyak digunakan, dan merupakan skrip penulisan rasmi di Somalia sejak pemerintahan bekas Presiden Somalia Mohamed Siad Barre secara rasmi memperkenalkannya pada Oktober 1972. Skrip ini dibangunkan oleh ahli linguistik Somali Shire Jama Ahmed khusus untuk bahasa Somalia, dan menggunakan semua huruf abjad Latin Inggeris kecuali p, v dan z. Selain skrip Latin Ahmed, ortografi lain yang telah digunakan selama berabad-abad untuk menulis Somalia termasuk skrip Arab lama dan tulisan Wadaad. Sistem penulisan pribumi yang dibangunkan pada abad kedua puluh termasuk skrip Osmanya, Borama dan Kaddare, yang dicipta oleh Osman Yusuf Kenadid, Abdurahman Sheikh Nuur dan Hussein Sheikh Ahmed Kaddare. <> Apakah skrip penulisan yang paling kerap digunakan untuk bahasa Somalia? || abjad Somalia <> Siapa yang memperkenalkan abjad Somalia? || Mohamed Siad Barre <> Dalam bulan dan tahun apakah abjad Somalia diperkenalkan? || Oktober 1972 <> Siapa yang membuat abjad Somalia? || Shire Jama Ahmed <> Siapa yang mencipta skrip Osmanya? || Osman Yusuf Kenadid", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the most frequently used writing script for the Somali language?", "id": "56fae3818f12f31900630247", "answers": [{"text": "the Somali alphabet", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who introduced the Somali alphabet?", "id": "56fae3818f12f31900630248", "answers": [{"text": "Mohamed Siad Barre", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what month and year was the Somali alphabet introduced?", "id": "56fae3818f12f31900630249", "answers": [{"text": "October 1972", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created the Somali alphabet?", "id": "56fae3818f12f3190063024a", "answers": [{"text": "Shire Jama Ahmed", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who invented the Osmanya script?", "id": "56fae3818f12f3190063024b", "answers": [{"text": "Osman Yusuf Kenadid", "answer_start": 782}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A number of writing systems have been used over the years for transcribing the language. Of these, the Somali alphabet is the most widely used, and has been the official writing script in Somalia since the government of former President of Somalia Mohamed Siad Barre formally introduced it in October 1972. The script was developed by the Somali linguist Shire Jama Ahmed specifically for the Somali language, and uses all letters of the English Latin alphabet except p, v and z. Besides Ahmed's Latin script, other orthographies that have been used for centuries for writing Somali include the long-established Arabic script and Wadaad's writing. Indigenous writing systems developed in the twentieth century include the Osmanya, Borama and Kaddare scripts, which were invented by Osman Yusuf Kenadid, Abdurahman Sheikh Nuur and Hussein Sheikh Ahmed Kaddare, respectively."}], ["Berkembang tradisi bercerita yang kaya Somali, beberapa filem Somali panjang pertama dan festival sinematik pertama muncul pada awal 1960-an, sejurus selepas kemerdekaan. Berikutan penubuhan badan kawal selia Agensi Filem Somalia (SFA) pada tahun 1975, adegan filem tempatan mula berkembang pesat. Pembuat filem Somali Ali Said Hassan serentak berkhidmat sebagai wakil SFA di Rom. Pada tahun 1970-an dan awal 1980-an, muzikal popular yang dikenali sebagai riwaayado adalah penggerak utama di sebalik industri filem Somalia. Filem epik dan tempoh serta produksi bersama antarabangsa diikuti, dipermudah oleh percambahan teknologi video dan rangkaian televisyen nasional. Said Salah Ahmed dalam tempoh ini mengarahkan filem pertamanya, The Somali Darwish (The Somalia Dervishes), yang ditujukan kepada State Dervish. Pada tahun 1990-an dan 2000-an, gelombang baru filem-filem yang lebih berorientasikan hiburan muncul. Dirujuk sebagai Somaliwood, pergerakan sinematik yang berasaskan pemuda ini telah memacu industri filem Somalia dan dalam proses memperkenalkan jalan cerita inovatif, strategi pemasaran dan teknik produksi. Pengarah-pengarah muda Abdisalam Aato dari Olol Films dan Abdi Malik Isak berada di barisan depan revolusi tenang ini. <> Dalam sedekad apa filem yang dibuat oleh Somalia yang pertama? || 1960-an <> Dalam tahun apakah SFA ditubuhkan? || 1975 <> Siapa wakil Badan Filem Somalia di Rom? || Ali Said Hassan <> Apakah riwaaydo? || muzik muzikal <> Apa nama ciri pertama Said Salah Ahmed? || Somali Darwish", {"qas": [{"question": "In what decade were the first Somali feature films made?", "id": "56fae59a8f12f31900630265", "answers": [{"text": "1960s", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the SFA founded?", "id": "56fae59a8f12f31900630266", "answers": [{"text": "1975", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the representative of the Somali Film Agency in Rome?", "id": "56fae59a8f12f31900630267", "answers": [{"text": "Ali Said Hassan", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are riwaaydo?", "id": "56fae59a8f12f31900630268", "answers": [{"text": "popular musicals", "answer_start": 440}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Said Salah Ahmed's first feature?", "id": "56fae59a8f12f31900630269", "answers": [{"text": "The Somali Darwish", "answer_start": 771}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Growing out of the Somali people's rich storytelling tradition, the first few feature-length Somali films and cinematic festivals emerged in the early 1960s, immediately after independence. Following the creation of the Somali Film Agency (SFA) regulatory body in 1975, the local film scene began to expand rapidly. The Somali filmmaker Ali Said Hassan concurrently served as the SFA's representative in Rome. In the 1970s and early 1980s, popular musicals known as riwaayado were the main driving force behind the Somali movie industry. Epic and period films as well as international co-productions followed suit, facilitated by the proliferation of video technology and national television networks. Said Salah Ahmed during this period directed his first feature film, The Somali Darwish (The Somalia Dervishes), devoted to the Dervish State. In the 1990s and 2000s, a new wave of more entertainment-oriented movies emerged. Referred to as Somaliwood, this upstart, youth-based cinematic movement has energized the Somali film industry and in the process introduced innovative storylines, marketing strategies and production techniques. The young directors Abdisalam Aato of Olol Films and Abdi Malik Isak are at the forefront of this quiet revolution."}], ["Oleh kerana hubungan Somalia dengan hubungan dekat dengan Semenanjung Arab, banyak lelaki Somalia juga memakai jellabiya (jellabiyad atau qamiis di Somalia), pakaian putih panjang yang biasa di dunia Arab. <> Apa jellabiya itu? || pakaian putih yang panjang <> Bersama dengan jellabiyad, apa yang disebut jellabiya di Somalia? || qamiis <> Di rantau apa lelaki biasa memakai jellabiya? || dunia Arab", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the jellabiya?", "id": "56fae8b88f12f319006302a9", "answers": [{"text": "a long white garment", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with jellabiyad, what is the jellabiya called in Somali?", "id": "56fae8b88f12f319006302aa", "answers": [{"text": "qamiis", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what region do men commonly wear the jellabiya?", "id": "56fae8b88f12f319006302ab", "answers": [{"text": "the Arab world", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Due to Somalia's proximity to and close ties with the Arabian Peninsula, many Somali men also wear the jellabiya (jellabiyad or qamiis in Somali), a long white garment common in the Arab world."}], ["Wanita berkahwin cenderung kepada jersi sukan yang disebut sebagai shaash. Mereka juga sering menutupi bahagian atas badan mereka dengan selendang, yang dikenali sebagai garbasaar. Tidak berkahwin atau wanita muda, bagaimanapun, tidak selalu menutup kepala mereka. Pakaian Arab tradisional, seperti jilbab dan abaya, juga biasa dipakai. <> Apakah nama tudung yang dipakai oleh wanita yang sudah berkahwin? || shaash <> Apa nama selendang yang memakai pakaian wanita di atas badan mereka? || garbasaar <> Bersama dengan abaya, apakah pakaian Arab tradisional yang kadang-kadang dipakai oleh wanita Somalia? || jilbab itu", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the headscarf worn by married women?", "id": "56fae9bd8f12f319006302b9", "answers": [{"text": "shaash", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the shawl that married women wear on their upper bodies?", "id": "56fae9bd8f12f319006302ba", "answers": [{"text": "garbasaar", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with abaya, what is a traditional Arab garment sometimes worn by Somali women?", "id": "56fae9bd8f12f319006302bb", "answers": [{"text": "the jilbab", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Married women tend to sport headscarves referred to as shaash. They also often cover their upper body with a shawl, which is known as garbasaar. Unmarried or young women, however, do not always cover their heads. Traditional Arabian garb, such as the jilbab and abaya, is also commonly worn."}], ["Di samping itu, wanita Somalia mempunyai tradisi lama memakai perhiasan emas, terutama bangle. Semasa majlis perkahwinan, pengantin perempuan sering dihiasi dengan emas. Ramai wanita Somali mengikut tradisi juga memakai kalung dan gelang kaki emas. <> Apa perhiasan yang dipakai oleh wanita Somali yang biasa dibuat? || emas <> Bersama dengan buku legenda, apa perhiasan yang tradisional dipakai oleh wanita Somalia? || rantai <> Perhiasan jenis apa yang wanita pakai Somalia di majlis perkahwinan mereka? || emas", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the jewelry worn by Somali women commonly made from?", "id": "56faea268f12f319006302bf", "answers": [{"text": "gold", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with anklets, what pieces of jewelry are traditionally worn by Somali women?", "id": "56faea268f12f319006302c0", "answers": [{"text": "necklaces", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of jewelry do Somali women wear at their weddings?", "id": "56faea268f12f319006302c1", "answers": [{"text": "gold", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Additionally, Somali women have a long tradition of wearing gold jewelry, particularly bangles. During weddings, the bride is frequently adorned in gold. Many Somali women by tradition also wear gold necklaces and anklets."}], ["Bendera Somalia adalah bendera etnis yang dianggap mewakili suku kaum Somalis. Ia dicipta pada tahun 1954 oleh sarjana Somalia Mohammed Awale Liban, selepas dia dipilih oleh kesatuan pekerja buruh Wilayah Terawal Somalia untuk menghasilkan reka bentuk. Setelah kemerdekaan pada tahun 1960, bendera telah diterima pakai sebagai bendera negara Republik Somali yang baru lahir. Bintang bintang lima Perpaduan di pusat bendera mewakili kumpulan etnik Somalia yang mendiami lima wilayah di Greater Somalia. <> Dalam tahun apakah bendera Somalia dicipta? || 1954 <> Siapa yang merancang bendera Somalia? || Mohammed Awale Liban <> Apakah Mohammed Awale Liban oleh profesion? || ulama <> Apakah bintang di pusat bendera Somalia dipanggil? || Star of Unity <> Berapa banyak mata yang ada di Star of Unity? || lima", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was the Somali flag invented?", "id": "56faea72f34c681400b0c18d", "answers": [{"text": "1954", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who devised the Somali flag?", "id": "56faea72f34c681400b0c18e", "answers": [{"text": "Mohammed Awale Liban", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Mohammed Awale Liban by profession?", "id": "56faea72f34c681400b0c18f", "answers": [{"text": "scholar", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the star at the center of the Somali flag called?", "id": "56faea72f34c681400b0c190", "answers": [{"text": "Star of Unity", "answer_start": 371}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many points does the Star of Unity have?", "id": "56faea72f34c681400b0c191", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Somali flag is an ethnic flag conceived to represent ethnic Somalis. It was created in 1954 by the Somali scholar Mohammed Awale Liban, after he had been selected by the labour trade union of the Trust Territory of Somalia to come up with a design. Upon independence in 1960, the flag was adopted as the national flag of the nascent Somali Republic. The five-pointed Star of Unity in the flag's center represents the Somali ethnic group inhabiting the five territories in Greater Somalia."}], ["Apabila tidak berpakaian dalam pakaian Barat seperti seluar jeans dan t-shirt, lelaki Somali biasanya memakai macawis, iaitu pakaian sarung seperti yang dipakai di pinggang. Di atas kepalanya, mereka sering membalut serban yang berwarna-warni atau memakai koofiyad, pakaian sulaman. <> Apa itu koofiyad? || pakaian sulam <> Apa yang dipakai laki-laki Somalia ketika mereka tidak memakai pakaian Barat? || yang macawis <> Di manakah macawis yang dipakai? || sekitar pinggang <> Apa pakaian yang macawis sama dengan? || sarong <> Selain koofiyad, apa yang dipakai orang Somalia di kepala mereka? || serban", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a koofiyad?", "id": "56fae8528f12f3190063029f", "answers": [{"text": "an embroidered fez", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do Somali men wear when they aren't wearing Western clothing?", "id": "56fae8528f12f319006302a0", "answers": [{"text": "the macawis", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the macawis worn?", "id": "56fae8528f12f319006302a1", "answers": [{"text": "around the waist", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What piece of clothing is the macawis similar to?", "id": "56fae8528f12f319006302a2", "answers": [{"text": "sarong", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from the koofiyad, what do Somali men wear on their head?", "id": "56fae8528f12f319006302a3", "answers": [{"text": "turban", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "When not dressed in Westernized clothing such as jeans and t-shirts, Somali men typically wear the macawis, which is a sarong-like garment worn around the waist. On their heads, they often wrap a colorful turban or wear the koofiyad, an embroidered fez."}], ["Bola sepak adalah sukan paling popular di kalangan Somalia. Pertandingan penting adalah Liga Somalia dan Piala Somalia. Bintang Laut berbilang etnik, pasukan kebangsaan Somalia, pertama kali menyertai Sukan Olimpik pada tahun 1972 dan telah menghantar atlet untuk bersaing dalam Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas yang paling sejak itu. Pasukan sepak bola pantai Somalia yang sama juga mewakili negara dalam pertandingan sepak bola pantai internasional. Di samping itu, beberapa pemain bola sepak antarabangsa seperti Mohammed Ahamed Jama, Liban Abdi, Ayub Daud dan Abdisalam Ibrahim bermain di bahagian atas Eropah. <> Sukan apa yang paling menikmatinya di Somalia? || Bola sepak <> Apakah nama pasukan bola sepak kebangsaan Somalia? || Ocean Stars <> Pada tahun apakah Bintang Ocean pertama bersaing di Olimpik? || 1972 <> Bersama dengan Liban Abdi, Ayub Daud dan Abdisalam Ibrahim, yang merupakan pemain bola sepak Somalia yang terkenal? || Mohammed Ahamed Jama <> Bersama dengan Piala Somalia, apakah pertandingan bola sepak Somalia yang penting? || Liga Somalia", {"qas": [{"question": "What sport do Somalis most enjoy?", "id": "56fae6fe8f12f31900630283", "answers": [{"text": "Football", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the Somali national football team?", "id": "56fae6fe8f12f31900630284", "answers": [{"text": "Ocean Stars", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Ocean Stars first compete in the Olympics?", "id": "56fae6fe8f12f31900630285", "answers": [{"text": "1972", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Liban Abdi, Ayub Daud and Abdisalam Ibrahim, who is a notable Somali football player?", "id": "56fae6fe8f12f31900630286", "answers": [{"text": "Mohammed Ahamed Jama", "answer_start": 464}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Somalia Cup, what is an important Somali football competition?", "id": "56fae6fe8f12f31900630287", "answers": [{"text": "the Somalia League", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis. Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup. The multi-ethnic Ocean Stars, Somalia's national team, first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The equally diverse Somali beach soccer team also represents the country in international beach soccer competitions. In addition, several international footballers such as Mohammed Ahamed Jama, Liban Abdi, Ayub Daud and Abdisalam Ibrahim have played in European top divisions."}], ["Selain itu, henna adalah bahagian penting dalam budaya Somalia. Ia dipakai oleh wanita Somalia di tangan, lengan, kaki dan leher semasa majlis perkahwinan, Idul Fitri, Ramadan, dan majlis-majlis perayaan lain. Reka bentuk hias Somalia adalah serupa dengan orang-orang di semenanjung Arab, sering memaparkan motif bunga dan bentuk segi tiga. Kelapa sawit juga sering dihiasi dengan titik henna dan hujung jari dicelup dalam pewarna. Parti Henna biasanya diadakan sebelum perkahwinan berlangsung. Wanita Somali juga telah menggunakan kohl (kuul) secara tradisinya untuk mata mereka. Penggunaan kosmetik mata di rantau Horn dipercayai pada tarikh Tanah Punt kuno. <> Apa yang wanita pakai Somalia di kaki mereka semasa Idul Fitri? || henna <> Bersama dengan bentuk segi tiga, apakah reka bentuk henna biasa di Somalia? || motif bunga <> Apa yang wanita tradisi Somali meletakkan di sekeliling mata mereka? || kohl <> Dari rantau kuno apa aplikasi kuul datang? || Land of Punt <> Kegiatan apa yang sering diadakan sebelum majlis perkahwinan Somalia? || Pesta Henna", {"qas": [{"question": "What do Somali women wear on their feet during Eid?", "id": "56fae6888f12f31900630279", "answers": [{"text": "henna", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with triangular shapes, what are common henna designs in Somalia?", "id": "56fae6888f12f3190063027a", "answers": [{"text": "flower motifs", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do Somali women traditionally put around their eyes?", "id": "56fae6888f12f3190063027b", "answers": [{"text": "kohl", "answer_start": 516}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what ancient region did kuul application come?", "id": "56fae6888f12f3190063027c", "answers": [{"text": "Land of Punt", "answer_start": 623}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What activity is often held before Somali weddings?", "id": "56fae6888f12f3190063027d", "answers": [{"text": "Henna parties", "answer_start": 404}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Additionally, henna is an important part of Somali culture. It is worn by Somali women on their hands, arms, feet and neck during weddings, Eid, Ramadan, and other festive occasions. Somali henna designs are similar to those in the Arabian peninsula, often featuring flower motifs and triangular shapes. The palm is also frequently decorated with a dot of henna and the fingertips are dipped in the dye. Henna parties are usually held before the wedding takes place. Somali women have likewise traditionally applied kohl (kuul) to their eyes. Usage of the eye cosmetic in the Horn region is believed to date to the ancient Land of Punt."}], ["Dalam seni mempertahankan diri, Faisal Jeylani Aweys dan Mohamed Deq Abdulle juga memenangi pingat perak dan tempat keempat, masing-masing pada Piala Challenge Taekwondo Dunia Terbuka 2013 di Tongeren. Jawatankuasa Olimpik Nasional Somalia telah merangka program sokongan khas untuk memastikan kejayaan berterusan dalam kejohanan masa depan. Di samping itu, Mohamed Jama telah memenangi kedua-dua gelaran dunia dan Eropah dalam K1 dan Tinju Thai. <> Siapa yang keempat dalam Piala Dunia Taekwondo Terbuka 2013? || Mohamed Deq Abdulle <> Apa pingat Faisal Jeylani Aweys memenangi Piala Dunia Taekwondo Terbuka 2013? || Perak <> Di mana Piala Challenge Taekwondo Dunia Terbuka 2013 berlangsung? || Tongeren <> Bersama dengan Tinju Thai, dalam apa yang Mohamed Jama memenangi gelaran Eropah? || K1", {"qas": [{"question": "Who came in fourth in the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup?", "id": "56fae8008f12f31900630297", "answers": [{"text": "Mohamed Deq Abdulle", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What medal did Faisal Jeylani Aweys win in the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup?", "id": "56fae8008f12f31900630298", "answers": [{"text": "silver", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup take place?", "id": "56fae8008f12f31900630299", "answers": [{"text": "Tongeren", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Thai Boxing, in what has Mohamed Jama won a European title?", "id": "56fae8008f12f3190063029a", "answers": [{"text": "K1", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the martial arts, Faisal Jeylani Aweys and Mohamed Deq Abdulle also took home a silver medal and fourth place, respectively, at the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup in Tongeren. The Somali National Olympic committee has devised a special support program to ensure continued success in future tournaments. Additionally, Mohamed Jama has won both world and European titles in K1 and Thai Boxing."}], ["Semasa aktiviti biasa, sehari-hari, wanita Somali biasanya memakai guntiino, kain panjang yang terikat di atas bahu dan dibungkus di pinggang. Ia biasanya dibuat daripada alandi, yang merupakan tekstil yang biasa di rantau Tanduk dan beberapa bahagian Afrika Utara. Pakaian boleh dipakai dalam gaya yang berbeza. Ia juga boleh dibuat dengan kain lain, termasuk kain putih dengan sempadan emas. Untuk tetapan lebih formal, seperti pada majlis perkahwinan atau perayaan keagamaan seperti Eid, wanita memakai merac. Ia adalah pakaian voile yang panjang dan ringan, diperbuat daripada sutera, sifon, taffeta atau kain saree. Gaun itu dipakai di atas separa slip penuh dan brassiere. Dikenali sebagai gorgorad, selendang itu diperbuat daripada sutera dan berfungsi sebagai bahagian penting dalam pakaian keseluruhan. Dirac biasanya sparkly dan sangat berwarna-warni, gaya yang paling popular adalah orang-orang yang mempunyai sempadan atau benang gilded. Kain itu biasanya diperoleh dari kedai pakaian Somalia seiring dengan gorgorad. Di masa lalu, kain dirac juga sering dibeli daripada para peniaga Asia Selatan. <> Apa pakaian wanita Somali biasa? || guntiino <> Apa guntiino biasanya dibuat dari? || alandi <> Apa pakaian rasmi biasa untuk wanita Somalia? || dirac <> Bersama kain sutera, kain saree atau sifon, apa yang dirac dibuat? || taffeta <> Apakah garpu dirac dipanggil? || gorgorad", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the regular garment of Somali women?", "id": "56fae9108f12f319006302af", "answers": [{"text": "the guntiino", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the guntiino normally made from?", "id": "56fae9108f12f319006302b0", "answers": [{"text": "alandi", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the usual formal attire for Somali women?", "id": "56fae9108f12f319006302b1", "answers": [{"text": "the dirac", "answer_start": 485}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with silk, saree fabric or chiffon, what might the dirac be made out of?", "id": "56fae9108f12f319006302b2", "answers": [{"text": "taffeta", "answer_start": 563}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the underskirt of the dirac called?", "id": "56fae9108f12f319006302b3", "answers": [{"text": "the gorgorad", "answer_start": 660}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During regular, day-to-day activities, Somali women usually wear the guntiino, a long stretch of cloth tied over the shoulder and draped around the waist. It is usually made out of alandi, which is a textile common in the Horn region and some parts of North Africa. The garment can be worn in different styles. It can also be made with other fabrics, including white cloth with gold borders. For more formal settings, such as at weddings or religious celebrations like Eid, women wear the dirac. It is a long, light, diaphanous voile dress made of silk, chiffon, taffeta or saree fabric. The gown is worn over a full-length half-slip and a brassiere. Known as the gorgorad, the underskirt is made out of silk and serves as a key part of the overall outfit. The dirac is usually sparkly and very colorful, the most popular styles being those with gilded borders or threads. The fabric is typically acquired from Somali clothing stores in tandem with the gorgorad. In the past, dirac fabric was also frequently purchased from South Asian merchandisers."}], ["Kejuaraan FIBA Afrika 1981 dihoskan oleh Somalia dari 15-23 Disember 1981. Permainan dimainkan di Mogadishu, dan pasukan kebangsaan Somalia menerima hadiah gangsa. Abdi Bile memenangi acara 1500 m pada Kejohanan Dunia pada tahun 1987, yang menjalankan 800 m terakhir terpantas perlumbaan 1,500 meter dalam sejarah. Beliau adalah Olympian dua kali (1984 dan 1996) dan menguasai acara itu pada akhir 1980-an. Hussein Ahmed Salah, seorang bekas pelari jarak jauh dari Djibouti, memenangi pingat gangsa dalam maraton pada Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 1988. Beliau juga memenangi pingat perak dalam acara ini pada Kejohanan Dunia 1987 dan 1991, serta Piala Dunia Marathon IAAF 1985. Mo Farah adalah juara dua pingat emas Olimpik dan juara dunia, dan memegang rekod jejak Eropah untuk 10,000 meter, rekod jalan raya Inggeris untuk 10,000 meter, rekod tertutup Inggeris dalam 3000 meter, rekod jejak Britain untuk 5000 meter dan Eropah rekod tertutup selama 5000 meter. Mohammed Ahmed (atlet) adalah pelari jarak jauh Kanada yang mewakili Kanada dalam perlumbaan 10,000 meter pada Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 2012 dan Kejohanan Dunia 2013 di Athletics. <> Bilakah Kejohanan Afrika FIBA 1981 berlaku? || 15-23 Disember 1981 <> Siapa yang menjadi tuan rumah Kejohanan Afrika FIBA 1981? || Somalia <> Di mana bandar apakah kejohanan Afrika FIBA 1981 berlaku? || Mogadishu <> Untuk apa negara yang pernah bersaing dengan Hussein Ahmed Salah? || Djibouti <> Siapa Mohammed Ahmed bersaing dalam Sukan Olimpik? || Kanada", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the 1981 FIBA African Championship take place?", "id": "56fae79e8f12f3190063028d", "answers": [{"text": "15\u201323 December 1981", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who hosted the 1981 FIBA African Championship?", "id": "56fae79e8f12f3190063028e", "answers": [{"text": "Somalia", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city did the 1981 FIBA African Championship take place?", "id": "56fae79e8f12f3190063028f", "answers": [{"text": "Mogadishu", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what nation did Hussein Ahmed Salah compete?", "id": "56fae79e8f12f31900630290", "answers": [{"text": "Djibouti", "answer_start": 464}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Mohammed Ahmed compete for in the Olympics?", "id": "56fae79e8f12f31900630291", "answers": [{"text": "Canada", "answer_start": 1041}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The FIBA Africa Championship 1981 was hosted by Somalia from 15\u201323 December 1981. The games were played in Mogadishu, and the Somali national team received the bronze prize. Abdi Bile won the 1500 m event at the World Championships in 1987, running the fastest final 800 m of any 1,500 meter race in history. He was a two-time Olympian (1984 and 1996) and dominated the event in the late 1980s. Hussein Ahmed Salah, a Somalia-born former long-distance runner from Djibouti, won a bronze medal in the marathon at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He also won silver medals in this event at the 1987 and 1991 World Championships, as well as the 1985 IAAF World Marathon Cup. Mo Farah is a double Olympic gold medal winner and world champion, and holds the European track record for 10,000 metres, the British road record for 10,000 metres, the British indoor record in the 3000 metres, the British track record for 5000 metres and the European indoor record for 5000 metres. Mohammed Ahmed (athlete) is a Canadian long-distance runner who represented Canada in the 10,000 meter races at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the 2013 World Championships in Athletics."}], ["Somalis selama berabad-abad telah mengamalkan satu bentuk undang-undang adat, yang mereka panggil Xeer. Xeer adalah sistem perundangan polikentrik di mana tidak ada ejen monopoli yang menentukan apa undang-undang harus atau bagaimana ia harus ditafsirkan. <> Apakah sistem undang-undang adat Somalia? || Xeer", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the Somali system of customary law?", "id": "56faec218f12f319006302d9", "answers": [{"text": "Xeer", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Somalis for centuries have practiced a form of customary law, which they call Xeer. Xeer is a polycentric legal system where there is no monopolistic agent that determines what the law should be or how it should be interpreted."}], ["Sistem perundangan Xeer diasumsikan telah dibangunkan secara eksklusif di Tanduk Afrika sejak kira-kira abad ke-7. Tiada bukti bahawa ia berkembang di tempat lain atau sangat dipengaruhi oleh mana-mana sistem undang-undang asing. Hakikat bahawa istilah perundangan Somalia hampir tidak mempunyai kata pinjaman dari bahasa asing menunjukkan bahawa Xeer benar-benar asli. <> Dalam abad apakah sistem Xeer bermula? || 7 <> Di rantau apa sistem Xeer berkembang? || Tanduk Afrika <> Apa fakta tentang istilah undang-undang Somalia menyiratkan bahawa Xeer dibangunkan secara tempatan? || tanpa perkataan pinjaman", {"qas": [{"question": "In what century did the Xeer system begin?", "id": "56faec8b8f12f319006302db", "answers": [{"text": "7th", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what region did the Xeer system develop?", "id": "56faec8b8f12f319006302dc", "answers": [{"text": "the Horn of Africa", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What fact about Somali legal terms implies that Xeer developed locally?", "id": "56faec8b8f12f319006302dd", "answers": [{"text": "devoid of loan words", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Xeer legal system is assumed to have developed exclusively in the Horn of Africa since approximately the 7th century. There is no evidence that it developed elsewhere or was greatly influenced by any foreign legal system. The fact that Somali legal terminology is practically devoid of loan words from foreign languages suggests that Xeer is truly indigenous."}], ["Di Somalia purba, struktur piramid yang terkenal di Somalia sebagai taalo adalah gaya pengebumian yang terkenal, dengan beratus-ratus monumen batu kering yang tersebar di seluruh negara hari ini. Rumah dibina dari batu berpakaian yang serupa dengan orang-orang di Mesir Kuno. Terdapat juga contoh-contoh halaman dan dinding batu besar yang menutupi penempatan, seperti Dinding Wargaade. <> Apa yang disebut Somalis sebagai piramid purba mereka? || taalo <> Apakah taalo digunakan untuk? || pengebumian <> Apakah rumah-rumah Somalia kuno terbuat dari? || batu berpakaian <> Rumah Somali kuno adalah serupa dengan rumah di negara mana? || Mesir <> Apa tembok batu yang terkenal dibina di Somalia purba? || Tembok Wargaade", {"qas": [{"question": "What do Somalis call their ancient pyramids?", "id": "56faed86f34c681400b0c1b9", "answers": [{"text": "taalo", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were taalo used for?", "id": "56faed86f34c681400b0c1ba", "answers": [{"text": "burial", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were ancient Somali houses made out of?", "id": "56faed86f34c681400b0c1bb", "answers": [{"text": "dressed stone", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Ancient Somali houses were similar to houses in what country?", "id": "56faed86f34c681400b0c1bc", "answers": [{"text": "Egypt", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a notable stone wall built in ancient Somalia?", "id": "56faed86f34c681400b0c1bd", "answers": [{"text": "the Wargaade Wall", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing settlements, such as the Wargaade Wall."}], ["Sistem perundangan Xeer juga memerlukan sejumlah pengkhususan fungsi yang berbeza dalam rangka kerja undang-undang. Oleh itu, seseorang boleh mencari odayal, juri, jururawat, guurtiyaal (detektif), garxajiyaal (peguam), murkhaatiyal (saksi) dan waranle (pegawai polis) untuk menguatkuasakan undang-undang. <> Dalam sistem Xeer, apakah hakim yang dipanggil? || odayal <> Apa artinya xeer boggeyaal dalam bahasa Inggeris? || jurists <> Apa sistem panggilan Xeer peguam? || garxajiyaal <> Dengan istilah apa yang dikenali sebagai saksi dalam sistem Xeer? || murkhaatiyal <> Apa sistem panggilan Xeer polis? || waranle", {"qas": [{"question": "In the Xeer system, what are judges called?", "id": "56faeccbf34c681400b0c1a9", "answers": [{"text": "odayal", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does xeer boggeyaal mean in English?", "id": "56faeccbf34c681400b0c1aa", "answers": [{"text": "jurists", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the Xeer system call attorneys?", "id": "56faeccbf34c681400b0c1ab", "answers": [{"text": "garxajiyaal", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what term are witnesses known in the Xeer system?", "id": "56faeccbf34c681400b0c1ac", "answers": [{"text": "murkhaatiyal", "answer_start": 234}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the Xeer system call cops?", "id": "56faeccbf34c681400b0c1ad", "answers": [{"text": "waranle", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law."}], ["Masakan Somalia berbeza dari rantau ke rantau dan terdiri daripada gabungan pelbagai pengaruh kuliner. Ia adalah hasil tradisi dagang dan perdagangan Somalia yang kaya. Walaupun pelbagai, terdapat satu perkara yang menyatukan pelbagai masakan serantau: semua makanan dihidangkan halal. Oleh itu, tiada hidangan babi, alkohol tidak dihidangkan, tiada apa yang mati dengan sendirinya dimakan, dan tiada darah dimasukkan. <> Apakah tradisi kuliner yang ada di kalangan semua masakan serantau Somalia? || semua makanan dihidangkan halal <> Apakah jenis daging yang tidak pernah ada dalam hidangan halal? || babi <> Apa minuman tidak halal? || alkohol <> Bersama dengan alkohol, apa cecair tidak pernah ada dalam makanan halal? || darah", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the one culinary tradition that is present among all Somali regional cuisines?", "id": "56faeae4f34c681400b0c197", "answers": [{"text": "all food is served halal", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of meat is never present in halal dishes?", "id": "56faeae4f34c681400b0c198", "answers": [{"text": "pork", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What beverage is not halal?", "id": "56faeae4f34c681400b0c199", "answers": [{"text": "alcohol", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with alcohol, what liquid is never present in halal food?", "id": "56faeae4f34c681400b0c19a", "answers": [{"text": "blood", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Somali cuisine varies from region to region and consists of a fusion of diverse culinary influences. It is the product of Somalia's rich tradition of trade and commerce. Despite the variety, there remains one thing that unites the various regional cuisines: all food is served halal. There are therefore no pork dishes, alcohol is not served, nothing that died on its own is eaten, and no blood is incorporated."}], ["Seni bina Somalia adalah tradisi kejuruteraan dan reka bentuk yang kaya dan pelbagai. Ia melibatkan beberapa jenis pembinaan yang berbeza, seperti bandar batu, istana, citadel, kubu, masjid, makam, menara, makam, tumuli, cairn, megalit, menhir, stelae, dolmens, bulatan batu, monumen, kuil, , dan rumah api api. Merentasi zaman moden kuno, abad pertengahan dan awal di Somalia Besar, ia juga termasuk gabungan arsitektur Somalo-Islam dengan reka bentuk Barat pada zaman kontemporari. <> Bersama dengan senibina Somalo-Islam, apa yang mempengaruhi senibina Somalia moden? || Reka bentuk Barat <> Bersama dengan zaman moden dan kuno, sepanjang apa arsitektur Somalia ada? || abad pertengahan <> Apa bahan yang digunakan untuk membuat bandar-bandar Somalia? || batu", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Somalo-Islamic architecture, what influences modern Somali architecture?", "id": "56faed40f34c681400b0c1b3", "answers": [{"text": "Western designs", "answer_start": 500}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the early modern and ancient, during what period did Somali architecture exist?", "id": "56faed40f34c681400b0c1b4", "answers": [{"text": "medieval", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What material was used to make Somali cities?", "id": "56faed40f34c681400b0c1b5", "answers": [{"text": "stone", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Somali architecture is a rich and diverse tradition of engineering and designing. It involves multiple different construction types, such as stone cities, castles, citadels, fortresses, mosques, mausoleums, towers, tombs, tumuli, cairns, megaliths, menhirs, stelae, dolmens, stone circles, monuments, temples, enclosures, cisterns, aqueducts, and lighthouses. Spanning the ancient, medieval and early modern periods in Greater Somalia, it also includes the fusion of Somalo-Islamic architecture with Western designs in contemporary times."}], ["Qado atau makan tengah hari sering terperinci. Varietas bariis (beras), yang paling popular mungkin menjadi basmati, lazimnya berfungsi sebagai hidangan utama. Rempah-rempah seperti cumin, buah pelaga, cengkih, kayu manis, dan bijak taman digunakan untuk meremukkan makanan istimewa yang berbeza ini. Somalia makan malam lewat pada pukul 9 malam. Semasa Ramadan, makan malam sering dijaga selepas solat Tarawih; kadang-kadang sampai jam 11 malam. <> Apakah perkataan Inggeris untuk qado? || makan siang <> Apakah bariis dalam bahasa Inggeris? || beras <> Apa jenis bariis yang paling popular? || basmati <> Bilakah yang terbaru boleh makan malam Somalia pada bulan Ramadan? || 11 malam <> Selepas apa acara semasa Ramadan adalah makan malam? || Sembahyang Tarawih", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the English word for qado?", "id": "56faeb28f34c681400b0c19f", "answers": [{"text": "lunch", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is bariis in English?", "id": "56faeb28f34c681400b0c1a0", "answers": [{"text": "rice", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the most popular variety of bariis?", "id": "56faeb28f34c681400b0c1a1", "answers": [{"text": "basmati", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When is the latest a Somali might eat dinner during Ramadan?", "id": "56faeb28f34c681400b0c1a2", "answers": [{"text": "11 pm", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After what event during Ramadan is dinner served?", "id": "56faeb28f34c681400b0c1a3", "answers": [{"text": "Tarawih prayers", "answer_start": 334}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Qado or lunch is often elaborate. Varieties of bariis (rice), the most popular probably being basmati, usually serve as the main dish. Spices like cumin, cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, and garden sage are used to aromatize these different rice delicacies. Somalis eat dinner as late as 9 pm. During Ramadan, supper is often served after Tarawih prayers; sometimes as late as 11 pm."}], ["Pengenalan damai Islam pada zaman pertengahan awal sejarah Somalia membawa pengaruh seni bina Islam dari Arab dan Persia. Ini mempunyai kesan merangsang peralihan pembinaan dari drystone dan bahan-bahan lain yang berkaitan dengan batu karang, batu bata yang terbakar, dan penggunaan batu kapur yang meluas dalam seni bina Somalia. Ramai reka bentuk seni bina baru, seperti masjid, dibina di atas runtuhan struktur lama. Amalan ini akan berterusan berulang-ulang sepanjang abad-abad berikutnya. <> Semasa apa tempoh iman Islam diperkenalkan ke Somalia? || Awal abad pertengahan <> Bersama dengan pengaruh Arab, di mana pengaruh seni bina datang dari zaman pertengahan? || Persia <> Dalam zaman pertengahan, bangunan apa yang dibina khas di atas runtuhan yang lebih tua? || Masjid-masjid <> Bersama dengan batu bata dan batu karang, bahan pembinaan apa yang banyak digunakan selepas pengenalan Islam? || Batu kapur <> Sebelum Islam diperkenalkan, apakah bahan bangunan biasa di Somalia? || drystone", {"qas": [{"question": "During what period was the Muslim faith introduced to Somalia?", "id": "56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c3", "answers": [{"text": "early medieval", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Arabian influences, where did architectural influences come from in the medieval period?", "id": "56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c4", "answers": [{"text": "Persia", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the medieval period, what buildings were notably built atop older ruins?", "id": "56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c5", "answers": [{"text": "mosques", "answer_start": 388}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with sundried bricks and coral stone, what construction material was widely used after the introduction of Islam?", "id": "56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c6", "answers": [{"text": "limestone", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Before Islam was introduced, what was a common building material in Somalia?", "id": "56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c7", "answers": [{"text": "drystone", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia. This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in Somali architecture. Many of the new architectural designs, such as mosques, were built on the ruins of older structures. This practice would continue over and over again throughout the following centuries."}], ["Xalwo (halva) adalah persembahan yang popular yang dimakan semasa majlis-majlis perayaan, seperti perayaan Eid atau majlis perkahwinan. Ia diperbuat daripada gula, kanji jagung, serbuk kapulaga, serbuk pala dan ghee. Kacang kadang-kadang juga ditambah untuk meningkatkan tekstur dan rasa. Selepas makan, rumah secara tradisinya dimurnikan menggunakan kemenyan (lubaan) atau dupa (cuunsi), yang disediakan di dalam pembakar kemenyan yang disebut sebagai dabqaad. <> Apa istilah lain untuk xalwo? || halva <> Bersama dengan majlis perkahwinan, kapan xalwo sering dimakan? || Perayaan Eid <> Apa yang disebut orang Somalia kemenyan? || lubaan <> Apakah perkataan Inggeris untuk cunnsi? || kemenyan <> Apa yang disebut Somalis pembakar dupa? || dabqaad", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another term for xalwo?", "id": "56faeb678f12f319006302c5", "answers": [{"text": "halva", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with wedding receptions, when is xalwo often consumed?", "id": "56faeb678f12f319006302c6", "answers": [{"text": "Eid celebrations", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do the Somalis call frankincense?", "id": "56faeb678f12f319006302c7", "answers": [{"text": "lubaan", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the English word for cunnsi?", "id": "56faeb678f12f319006302c8", "answers": [{"text": "incense", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do the Somalis call incense burners?", "id": "56faeb678f12f319006302c9", "answers": [{"text": "dabqaad", "answer_start": 414}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Xalwo (halva) is a popular confection eaten during festive occasions, such as Eid celebrations or wedding receptions. It is made from sugar, corn starch, cardamom powder, nutmeg powder and ghee. Peanuts are also sometimes added to enhance texture and flavor. After meals, homes are traditionally perfumed using frankincense (lubaan) or incense (cuunsi), which is prepared inside an incense burner referred to as a dabqaad."}], ["Para sarjana Somalia selama berabad-abad telah menghasilkan banyak contoh kesusasteraan Islam dari puisi hingga Hadis. Dengan menggunakan abjad Latin pada tahun 1972 untuk menyalin bahasa Somalia, banyak penulis Somalia kontemporari juga telah mengeluarkan novel, beberapa di antaranya telah menerima pujian di seluruh dunia. Daripada penulis-penulis moden ini, Nuruddin Farah mungkin yang paling terkenal. Buku-buku seperti Dari Ribut Bengkok dan Pautan dianggap sebagai pencapaian sastera yang penting, karya yang telah memperoleh Farah, antara penghargaan lain, Hadiah Antarabangsa Neustadt 1998 untuk Sastera. Farah Mohamed Jama Awl adalah penulis lain yang terkenal di Somalia yang mungkin paling terkenal dengan novel era Dervishnya, Ketidaktahuan adalah musuh cinta. Mendadak muda Nadifa Mohamed juga dianugerahkan Hadiah Betty Trask 2010. Di samping itu, Mohamed Ibrahim Warsame 'Hadrawi' dianggap oleh banyak orang sebagai penyair Somali yang paling hidup, dan beberapa karyanya telah diterjemahkan di peringkat antarabangsa. <> Bilakah orang Somalia memulakan bahasa mereka dengan menggunakan abjad Latin? || 1972 <> Siapa yang paling terkenal penulis Somalia moden? || Nuruddin Farah <> Pada tahun apakah Nuruddin Farah memenangi Hadiah Antarabangsa Neustadt untuk Sastera? || 1998 <> Siapa menulis ketidaktahuan adalah musuh cinta? || Farah Mohamed Jama Awl <> Yang memenangi Hadiah Betty Trask 2010? || Nadifa Mohamed", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Somalis begin to render their language using the Latin alphabet?", "id": "56faebc18f12f319006302cf", "answers": [{"text": "1972", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the most well-known modern Somali writer?", "id": "56faebc18f12f319006302d0", "answers": [{"text": "Nuruddin Farah", "answer_start": 348}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Nuruddin Farah win the Neustadt International Prize for Literature?", "id": "56faebc18f12f319006302d1", "answers": [{"text": "1998", "answer_start": 545}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote Ignorance is the enemy of love?", "id": "56faebc18f12f319006302d2", "answers": [{"text": "Farah Mohamed Jama Awl", "answer_start": 595}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who won the 2010 Betty Trask Prize?", "id": "56faebc18f12f319006302d3", "answers": [{"text": "Nadifa Mohamed", "answer_start": 752}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Somali scholars have for centuries produced many notable examples of Islamic literature ranging from poetry to Hadith. With the adoption of the Latin alphabet in 1972 to transcribe the Somali language, numerous contemporary Somali authors have also released novels, some of which have gone on to receive worldwide acclaim. Of these modern writers, Nuruddin Farah is probably the most celebrated. Books such as From a Crooked Rib and Links are considered important literary achievements, works which have earned Farah, among other accolades, the 1998 Neustadt International Prize for Literature. Farah Mohamed Jama Awl is another prominent Somali writer who is perhaps best known for his Dervish era novel, Ignorance is the enemy of love. Young upstart Nadifa Mohamed was also awarded the 2010 Betty Trask Prize. Additionally, Mohamed Ibrahim Warsame 'Hadrawi' is considered by many to be the greatest living Somali poet, and several of his works have been translated internationally."}], ["Istilah ilmiah untuk penyelidikan mengenai Somalia dan Somalia Besar dikenali sebagai Kajian Somalia. Ia terdiri daripada beberapa disiplin seperti antropologi, sosiologi, linguistik, historiografi dan arkeologi. Bidang ini diambil dari kronik Somalia, rekod dan kesusasteraan lisan, selain akaun dan tradisi bertulis mengenai Somalis dari penjelajah dan ahli geografi di Tanduk Afrika dan Timur Tengah. Sejak 1980, ulama-ulama Somalist terkemuka dari seluruh dunia juga berkumpul setiap tahun untuk mengadakan Kongres Antarabangsa Kajian Somalia. <> Apa kajian akademik orang Somalia dipanggil? || Kajian Somalia <> Bersama dengan sosiologi, linguistik, historiografi dan arkeologi, bidang apa yang menjadi sebahagian daripada Kajian Somalia? || antropologi <> Bersama dengan kronik dan rekod, apakah sumber asli yang digunakan dalam Kajian Somalia? || kesusasteraan lisan <> Apakah nama perhimpunan tahunan sarjana Pengajian Somalia? || Kongres Antarabangsa Pengajian Somalia <> Bilakah Kongres Antarabangsa Pengajian Somalia bermula? || 1980", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the academic study of the Somali people called?", "id": "56faee55f34c681400b0c1cd", "answers": [{"text": "Somali Studies", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology, what field is part of Somali Studies?", "id": "56faee55f34c681400b0c1ce", "answers": [{"text": "anthropology", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with chronicles and records, what indigenous sources are used in Somali Studies?", "id": "56faee55f34c681400b0c1cf", "answers": [{"text": "oral literature", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the annual gathering of Somali Studies scholars?", "id": "56faee55f34c681400b0c1d0", "answers": [{"text": "the International Congress of Somali Studies", "answer_start": 518}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the International Congress of Somali Studies begin?", "id": "56faee55f34c681400b0c1d1", "answers": [{"text": "1980", "answer_start": 426}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and traditions about Somalis from explorers and geographers in the Horn of Africa and the Middle East. Since 1980, prominent Somalist scholars from around the world have also gathered annually to hold the International Congress of Somali Studies."}]], [["Zaman Pertengahan adalah salah satu daripada tiga tempoh utama dalam skema yang paling lama untuk menganalisis sejarah Eropah: tamadun klasik, atau zaman purba; Zaman Pertengahan; dan Tempoh Moden. <> Bersama dengan Antiquity dan Zaman Pertengahan, apakah pembahagian utama lain dalam sejarah Eropah? || Tempoh Moden <> Berapa banyak tempoh utama sejarah Eropah dibahagikan kepada? || Tiga <> Apakah nama lain untuk Antikuiti? || tamadun klasik", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Antiquity and the Middle Ages, what is the other major division of European history?", "id": "56fb2e6f8f12f319006302e1", "answers": [{"text": "the Modern Period", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many major periods is European history divided into?", "id": "56fb2e6f8f12f319006302e2", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for Antiquity?", "id": "56fb2e6f8f12f319006302e3", "answers": [{"text": "classical civilisation", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period."}], ["Zaman Pertengahan Akhir ditandai oleh kesukaran dan malapetaka termasuk kelaparan, wabak, dan peperangan, yang berkurangnya penduduk di Eropah; antara 1347 dan 1350, Black Death membunuh kira-kira sepertiga dari Eropah. Kontroversi, bidaah, dan perpecahan di dalam Gereja menyerupai konflik antara negeri, persengketaan sivil, dan pemberontakan petani yang berlaku di kerajaan-kerajaan. Perkembangan budaya dan teknologi mengubah masyarakat Eropah, mengakhiri Abad Pertengahan dan memulakan zaman moden yang awal. <> Bilakah Kematian Hitam berakhir? || 1350 <> Dalam apa tempoh Zaman Pertengahan berlaku Kematian Hitam? || Lewat <> Sebagian penduduk Eropah mati dalam Kematian Hitam? || satu pertiga <> Era apa yang berlaku selepas Abad Pertengahan? || masa moden yang awal <> Bersama kontroversi dan perpecahan, apa yang mengganggumkan keamanan Jemaat semasa Abad Pertengahan? || bidaah", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Black Death end?", "id": "56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f5", "answers": [{"text": "1350", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what period of the Middle Ages did the Black Death occur?", "id": "56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f6", "answers": [{"text": "Late", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What portion of the European population died in the Black Death?", "id": "56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f7", "answers": [{"text": "a third", "answer_start": 207}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What era occurred after the Late Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f8", "answers": [{"text": "the early modern period", "answer_start": 496}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with controversy and schism, what upset the peace of the Church during the Late Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f9", "answers": [{"text": "heresy", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil strife, and peasant revolts that occurred in the kingdoms. Cultural and technological developments transformed European society, concluding the Late Middle Ages and beginning the early modern period."}], ["Dalam sejarah Eropah, Zaman Pertengahan atau zaman pertengahan berlangsung dari abad ke 5 hingga abad ke-15. Ia bermula dengan kejatuhan Empayar Rom Barat dan bergabung dengan Renaissance dan Age of Discovery. Zaman Pertengahan adalah tempoh pertengahan tiga bahagian tradisional sejarah Barat: zaman purba, zaman pertengahan, dan zaman moden. Tempoh Medieval sendiri dibahagikan kepada Awal, Tinggi, dan Abad Pertengahan. <> Dalam abad apa Abad Pertengahan bermula? || 5 <> Berapa abad melihat akhir Abad Pertengahan? || 15 <> Apa acara menandakan permulaan Abad Pertengahan? || kejatuhan Empayar Rom Barat <> Bersama Renaissance, era apa yang berlaku pada akhir Abad Pertengahan? || Age of Discovery <> Apakah tempoh pertama dari ketiga-tiga sejarah Barat secara tradisional dibahagikan kepada? || Zaman purba", {"qas": [{"question": "In what century did the Middle Ages begin?", "id": "56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1d7", "answers": [{"text": "5th", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What century saw the end of the Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1d8", "answers": [{"text": "15th", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What event marked the beginning of the Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1d9", "answers": [{"text": "the collapse of the Western Roman Empire", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Renaissance, what era occurred at the end of the Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1da", "answers": [{"text": "Age of Discovery", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the first period of the three that Western history is traditionally divided into?", "id": "56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1db", "answers": [{"text": "Antiquity", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieval period, and Modern period. The Medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, the High, and the Late Middle Ages."}], ["Pada tahun 376, Ostrogoths, melarikan diri dari Hun, mendapat kebenaran daripada Kaisar Valens (rs 364-378) untuk menetap di wilayah Rom Thracia di Balkan. The settlement tidak berjalan dengan lancar, dan ketika para pejabat Rom memalukan keadaan, Ostrogoths mulai melakukan serbuan dan rampasan. [D] Valens, berusaha untuk mengatasi kekacauan itu, terbunuh dalam pertempuran Ostrogoths di Pertempuran Adrianople pada 9 Ogos 378. Serta ancaman dari konfederasi puak seperti itu dari utara, bahagian dalaman dalam empayar, terutamanya dalam Gereja Kristian, menyebabkan masalah. Pada 400, Visigoths menyerang Empayar Rom Barat dan, walaupun secara ringkas dipaksa kembali dari Itali, pada 410 memecat kota Rom. Pada tahun 406, Alans, Vandals, dan Suevi menyeberang ke Gaul; dalam tempoh tiga tahun akan datang mereka merebak di Gaul dan pada 409 melintasi Pegunungan Pyrenees ke Sepanyol moden. Tempoh Migrasi bermula, di mana pelbagai orang, pada mulanya sebahagian besar orang Jerman, berpindah ke Eropah. The Franks, Alemanni, dan Burgundians semuanya berakhir di Gaul utara sementara Angles, Saxons, dan Jutes menetap di Britain. Pada tahun 430-an Hun telah mula menyerang empayar; Raja Attila mereka (r. 434-453) mengetuai pencerobohan ke Balkan di 442 dan 447, Gaul di 451, dan Itali pada 452. Ancaman Hunik kekal sehingga kematian Attila pada tahun 453, ketika konflik Hunnic yang dipimpinnya jatuh. Pencerobohan ini oleh puak-puak benar-benar mengubah sifat politik dan demografi tentang apa yang telah menjadi Empayar Rom Barat. <> Dalam tahun apakah Ostrogoths menetap di Empayar Rom? || 376 <> Siapa yang menjemput Ostrogoths untuk menetap di Empayar Rom? || Valens <> Di mana wilayah Ostrogoths menetap? || Thracia <> Pada apa pertempuran itu dibunuh oleh Valens Maharaja? || Pertempuran Adrianople <> Kapan Pertempuran Adrianople berlaku? || 9 Ogos 378", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the Ostrogoths settle in the Roman Empire?", "id": "56fb3290f34c681400b0c1ff", "answers": [{"text": "376", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who invited the Ostrogoths to settle in the Roman Empire?", "id": "56fb3290f34c681400b0c200", "answers": [{"text": "Valens", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what province did the Ostrogoths settle?", "id": "56fb3290f34c681400b0c201", "answers": [{"text": "Thracia", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what battle was the Emperor Valens killed?", "id": "56fb3290f34c681400b0c202", "answers": [{"text": "the Battle of Adrianople", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Battle of Adrianople occur?", "id": "56fb3290f34c681400b0c203", "answers": [{"text": "9 August 378", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364\u2013378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put down the disorder, was killed fighting the Ostrogoths at the Battle of Adrianople on 9 August 378. As well as the threat from such tribal confederacies from the north, internal divisions within the empire, especially within the Christian Church, caused problems. In 400, the Visigoths invaded the Western Roman Empire and, although briefly forced back from Italy, in 410 sacked the city of Rome. In 406 the Alans, Vandals, and Suevi crossed into Gaul; over the next three years they spread across Gaul and in 409 crossed the Pyrenees Mountains into modern-day Spain. The Migration Period began, where various people, initially largely Germanic peoples, moved across Europe. The Franks, Alemanni, and the Burgundians all ended up in northern Gaul while the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes settled in Britain. In the 430s the Huns began invading the empire; their king Attila (r. 434\u2013453) led invasions into the Balkans in 442 and 447, Gaul in 451, and Italy in 452. The Hunnic threat remained until Attila's death in 453, when the Hunnic confederation he led fell apart. These invasions by the tribes completely changed the political and demographic nature of what had been the Western Roman Empire."}], ["Penulis abad pertengahan membahagikan sejarah ke dalam tempoh seperti \"Enam Zaman\" atau \"Empat Empayar\", dan menganggap masa mereka menjadi yang terakhir sebelum akhir dunia. Apabila merujuk kepada masa mereka sendiri, mereka bercakap tentang mereka sebagai \"moden\". Pada tahun 1330-an, Petrarch humanis dan penyair merujuk kepada zaman pra-Kristian sebagai antiqua (atau \"kuno\") dan kepada zaman Kristian sebagai nova (atau \"baru\"). Leonardo Bruni adalah ahli sejarah pertama yang menggunakan periodisasi tiga pihak dalam Sejarah Orang Florentine (1442). Bruni dan sejarawan kemudian berpendapat bahawa Itali telah pulih sejak masa Petrarch, dan oleh itu menambah tempoh ketiga kepada dua Petrarch. \"Zaman Pertengahan\" pertama kali muncul dalam bahasa Latin pada tahun 1469 sebagai media tempestas atau \"musim pertengahan\". Pada awal penggunaan, terdapat banyak variasi, termasuk medium aevum, atau \"usia pertengahan\", pertama kali direkam pada tahun 1604, dan media saecula, atau \"zaman pertengahan\", pertama kali direkam pada tahun 1625. Istilah alternatif \"zaman pertengahan\" (atau kadang-kadang \" \") berasal dari aevum sederhana. Pengasingan tiga kali menjadi standard selepas sejarawan Jerman abad ke-17, Christoph Cellarius membahagikan sejarah menjadi tiga zaman: Purba, Abad Pertengahan, dan Moden. <> Bersama dengan Enam Ages, apakah skema lain yang digunakan para penulis dalam Zaman Pertengahan untuk membahagikan sejarah? || Empat Empayar <> Apa penulis yang merujuk kepada tempoh Kristian sebagai baru? || Petrarch <> Siapa yang menulis Sejarah Orang Florentine? || Leonardo Bruni <> Bilakah Sejarah Orang Florentine diterbitkan? || 1442 <> Siapa yang pertama membahagikan sejarah ke zaman kuno, abad pertengahan dan moden? || Christoph Cellarius", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with the Six Ages, what other scheme did writers in the Middle Ages use to divide history?", "id": "56fb2ed48f12f319006302e7", "answers": [{"text": "Four Empires", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What writer referred to the Christian period as new?", "id": "56fb2ed48f12f319006302e8", "answers": [{"text": "Petrarch", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the History of the Florentine People?", "id": "56fb2ed48f12f319006302e9", "answers": [{"text": "Leonardo Bruni", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the History of the Florentine People published?", "id": "56fb2ed48f12f319006302ea", "answers": [{"text": "1442", "answer_start": 498}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who first divided history into the ancient, medieval and modern periods?", "id": "56fb2ed48f12f319006302eb", "answers": [{"text": "Christoph Cellarius", "answer_start": 1067}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Medieval writers divided history into periods such as the \"Six Ages\" or the \"Four Empires\", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being \"modern\". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pre-Christian times as antiqua (or \"ancient\") and to the Christian period as nova (or \"new\"). Leonardo Bruni was the first historian to use tripartite periodisation in his History of the Florentine People (1442). Bruni and later historians argued that Italy had recovered since Petrarch's time, and therefore added a third period to Petrarch's two. The \"Middle Ages\" first appears in Latin in 1469 as media tempestas or \"middle season\". In early usage, there were many variants, including medium aevum, or \"middle age\", first recorded in 1604, and media saecula, or \"middle ages\", first recorded in 1625. The alternative term \"medieval\" (or occasionally \"mediaeval\") derives from medium aevum. Tripartite periodisation became standard after the German 17th century historian Christoph Cellarius divided history into three periods: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern."}], ["Empayar Rom mencapai tahap wilayah terhebatnya pada abad ke-2 Masehi; dua abad berikut menyaksikan penurunan kawalan Rom yang lambat ke wilayahnya yang jauh. Isu-isu ekonomi, termasuk inflasi, dan tekanan luar pada sempadan digabungkan untuk menjadikan abad ke-3 politik tidak stabil, dengan kaisar yang datang ke takhta hanya untuk diganti dengan cepat oleh usurpers baru. Perbelanjaan tentera meningkat dengan mantap pada abad ke-3, terutama sebagai tindak balas terhadap perang dengan Sassanid Persia, yang dihidupkan semula pada pertengahan abad ke-3. Angkatan tentera berganda dalam saiz, dan kavaleri dan unit kecil menggantikan legion sebagai unit taktikal utama. Keperluan untuk pendapatan menyebabkan kenaikan cukai dan penurunan bilangan pengkari, atau tanah, kelas, dan jumlah yang semakin menurun bagi mereka yang sanggup menanggung beban memegang jawatan di bandar mereka. Lebih banyak birokrat diperlukan di pentadbiran pusat untuk menangani keperluan tentera, yang membawa kepada aduan daripada orang awam bahawa terdapat lebih banyak pemungut cukai di empayar daripada pembayar cukai. <> Dalam abad apakah Kerajaan Rom mencapai tahap yang paling besar? || abad ke-2 AD <> Dalam abad berapakah kebangkitan Persia berlaku di bawah Sassanids? || Abad ke-3 <> Berapakah jumlah tentera Rom meningkat pada abad ke-3? || dua kali ganda <> Apa keperluan untuk peningkatan pendapatan untuk membayar tentera Rom membawa kepada kenaikan? || cukai <> Apakah istilah lain untuk kelas pemilik tanah Rom? || curial", {"qas": [{"question": "In what century did the Roman Empire achieve its greatest extent?", "id": "56fb2ff68f12f319006302fb", "answers": [{"text": "the 2nd century AD", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did the revival of Persia occur under the Sassanids?", "id": "56fb2ff68f12f319006302fc", "answers": [{"text": "3rd century", "answer_start": 547}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much did the size of the Roman army increase in the 3rd century?", "id": "56fb2ff68f12f319006302fd", "answers": [{"text": "doubled", "answer_start": 569}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the need for increased revenue to pay for the Roman army lead to an increase in?", "id": "56fb2ff68f12f319006302fe", "answers": [{"text": "taxes", "answer_start": 701}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another term for the Roman landowning class?", "id": "56fb2ff68f12f319006302ff", "answers": [{"text": "curial", "answer_start": 739}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, with emperors coming to the throne only to be rapidly replaced by new usurpers. Military expenses increased steadily during the 3rd century, mainly in response to the war with Sassanid Persia, which revived in the middle of the 3rd century. The army doubled in size, and cavalry and smaller units replaced the legion as the main tactical unit. The need for revenue led to increased taxes and a decline in numbers of the curial, or landowning, class, and decreasing numbers of them willing to shoulder the burdens of holding office in their native towns. More bureaucrats were needed in the central administration to deal with the needs of the army, which led to complaints from civilians that there were more tax-collectors in the empire than tax-payers."}], ["Titik permulaan yang paling biasa diberikan untuk Abad Pertengahan adalah 476, yang pertama kali digunakan oleh Bruni. [A] Untuk Eropah secara keseluruhannya, 1500 dianggap sebagai akhir Abad Pertengahan, tetapi tidak ada tarikh yang disepakati pada tarikh akhir. Bergantung kepada konteksnya, peristiwa-peristiwa seperti pelayaran pertama Christopher Columbus ke Amerika pada tahun 1492, penaklukan Constantinople oleh orang Turki pada tahun 1453, atau Reformasi Protestan pada tahun 1517 kadang-kadang digunakan. Ahli sejarah Inggeris sering menggunakan Battle of Bosworth Field pada tahun 1485 untuk menandakan berakhirnya tempoh tersebut. Bagi Sepanyol, tarikh yang sering digunakan adalah kematian Raja Ferdinand II pada tahun 1516, kematian Ratu Isabella I dari Castile pada tahun 1504, atau penaklukan Granada pada tahun 1492. Para ahli sejarah dari negara-negara berbahasa Romawi cenderung membagi Zaman Pertengahan menjadi dua bahagian : tempoh awal \"Tinggi\" dan kemudian \"Rendah\". Ahli sejarah berbahasa Inggeris, mengikuti rakan sejawatannya di Jerman, secara umumnya membahagikan Zaman Pertengahan ke dalam tiga selang: \"Awal\", \"Tinggi\", dan \"Lewat\". Pada abad ke-19, seluruh Zaman Pertengahan sering disebut sebagai \"Zaman Gelap\", [B] tetapi dengan penggunaan subdivisi ini, penggunaan istilah ini terhad kepada Zaman Pertengahan Awal, sekurang-kurangnya di kalangan ahli sejarah. <> Apa tarikh yang biasanya diberikan sebagai permulaan Abad Pertengahan? || 476 <> Siapa penulis pertama hingga ke Abad Pertengahan dari 476? || Bruni <> Kapan Abad Pertengahan dianggap telah berakhir? || 1500 <> Pada tahun berapakah Turki menawan Constantinople? || 1453 <> Bilakah Ferdinand II mati? || 1516", {"qas": [{"question": "What date is usually given as the beginning of the Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb2f268f12f319006302f1", "answers": [{"text": "476", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first writer to date the Middle Ages from 476?", "id": "56fb2f268f12f319006302f2", "answers": [{"text": "Bruni", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When is the Middle Ages generally considered to have ended?", "id": "56fb2f268f12f319006302f3", "answers": [{"text": "1500", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Turks conquer Constantinople?", "id": "56fb2f268f12f319006302f4", "answers": [{"text": "1453", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Ferdinand II die?", "id": "56fb2f268f12f319006302f5", "answers": [{"text": "1516", "answer_start": 602}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1492, the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453, or the Protestant Reformation in 1517 are sometimes used. English historians often use the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485 to mark the end of the period. For Spain, dates commonly used are the death of King Ferdinand II in 1516, the death of Queen Isabella I of Castile in 1504, or the conquest of Granada in 1492. Historians from Romance-speaking countries tend to divide the Middle Ages into two parts: an earlier \"High\" and later \"Low\" period. English-speaking historians, following their German counterparts, generally subdivide the Middle Ages into three intervals: \"Early\", \"High\", and \"Late\". In the 19th century, the entire Middle Ages were often referred to as the \"Dark Ages\",[B] but with the adoption of these subdivisions, use of this term was restricted to the Early Middle Ages, at least among historians."}], ["Maharaja Diocletian (r. 284-305) memecah empayar ke separuh bahagian timur dan barat yang ditadbir separuh di 286; kerajaan tidak dianggap dibahagikan oleh penghuni atau penguasanya, kerana pengundangan undang-undang dan pentadbiran di satu bahagian dianggap sah di sisi lain. [C] Pada tahun 330, setelah masa perang saudara, Constantine the Great (306-337) merambah kota Byzantium sebagai ibu kota timur yang baru, Constantinople. Pembaharuan Diocletian memperkuat birokrasi kerajaan, memperbaharui cukai, dan memperkuat tentera, yang membeli masa empayar tetapi tidak menyelesaikan masalah yang dihadapi: cukai yang berlebihan, penurunan kadar kelahiran, dan tekanan di sempadannya, antara lain. Perang saudara antara maharaja saingan menjadi biasa pada pertengahan abad ke-4, mengalihkan tentera dari pasukan perbatasan empayar dan membenarkan penceroboh menceroboh. Untuk kebanyakan abad ke-4, masyarakat Rom menstabilkan dalam bentuk baru yang berbeza dari zaman klasik sebelum ini, dengan jurang yang semakin melebar antara orang kaya dan miskin, dan penurunan daya hidup bandar-bandar kecil. Perubahan lain ialah Kristianisasi, atau penukaran kerajaan kepada Kristian, proses yang beransur-ansur yang berlangsung dari abad ke-2 hingga abad ke-5. <> Pada tahun berapakah Diocletian memulakan pemerintahannya? || 284 <> Bilakah Empayar Rom dipecah menjadi bahagian pentadbiran barat dan timur? || 286 <> Apakah nama kota yang dahulu terletak di tapak Constantinople? || Byzantium <> Selama abad apakah penukaran orang Rom ke Kristian dianggap lengkap? || Ke-5 <> Bilakah berakhirnya Constantine? || 337", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Diocletian begin his reign?", "id": "56fb30738f12f31900630305", "answers": [{"text": "284", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Roman Empire split into western and eastern administrative divisions?", "id": "56fb30738f12f31900630306", "answers": [{"text": "286", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the city previously located on the site of Constantinople?", "id": "56fb30738f12f31900630307", "answers": [{"text": "Byzantium", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what century was the Roman conversion to Christianity considered complete?", "id": "56fb30738f12f31900630308", "answers": [{"text": "5th", "answer_start": 1238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the rule of Constantine end?", "id": "56fb30738f12f31900630309", "answers": [{"text": "337", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Emperor Diocletian (r. 284\u2013305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a period of civil war, Constantine the Great (r. 306\u2013337) refounded the city of Byzantium as the newly renamed eastern capital, Constantinople. Diocletian's reforms strengthened the governmental bureaucracy, reformed taxation, and strengthened the army, which bought the empire time but did not resolve the problems it was facing: excessive taxation, a declining birthrate, and pressures on its frontiers, among others. Civil war between rival emperors became common in the middle of the 4th century, diverting soldiers from the empire's frontier forces and allowing invaders to encroach. For much of the 4th century, Roman society stabilised in a new form that differed from the earlier classical period, with a widening gulf between the rich and poor, and a decline in the vitality of the smaller towns. Another change was the Christianisation, or conversion of the empire to Christianity, a gradual process that lasted from the 2nd to the 5th centuries."}], ["Pengeluaran, pengusiran, pencerobohan, dan pergerakan rakyat, yang telah bermula pada zaman purba, berterusan pada awal abad pertengahan. Penjajah barbar, termasuk pelbagai bangsa Jerman, membentuk kerajaan baru dalam apa yang kekal sebagai Empayar Rom Barat. Pada abad ke-7, Afrika Utara dan Timur Tengah-pernah menjadi sebahagian daripada Empayar Rom Timur-dibawah pemerintahan Khalifah, sebuah empayar Islam, selepas penaklukan oleh pengganti Muhammad. Walaupun terdapat perubahan besar dalam masyarakat dan struktur politik, rehat dengan Antiquity tidak lengkap. Empayar Byzantine yang masih hidup masih tersisa di timur dan kekal sebagai kuasa besar. Kod hukum kerajaan, Kode Justinian, ditemukan kembali di Italia Utara pada tahun 1070 dan menjadi terkenal di masa lalu pada Abad Pertengahan. Di Barat, kebanyakan kerajaan menggabungkan beberapa institusi Rom yang masih ada. Biara-biara diasaskan sebagai kempen untuk menganut agama Eropah pagan terus. The Franks, di bawah dinasti Carolingian, secara ringkas menubuhkan Empayar Carolingian pada abad ke-8 dan awal abad ke-9. Ia meliputi sebahagian besar Eropah Barat, tetapi kemudiannya menimpa tekanan-tekanan perjuangan sivil dalaman yang digabungkan dengan pencerobohan luar-Vikings dari utara, Magyars dari timur, dan Saracens dari selatan. <> Bersama dengan pergerakan rakyat, pencerobohan dan depopulasi, peristiwa apa yang bermula dalam zaman purbakala dan terus ke abad pertengahan? || deurbanisation <> Dalam apa negeri yang melakukan penceroboh barbar menubuhkan kerajaan? || Empayar Rom Barat <> Apakah empayar Afrika Utara sebelum ini merupakan sebahagian daripada? || Empayar Rom Timur <> Dalam abad berapakah Khalifah menakluki Afrika Utara? || 7 <> Pada tahun apakah orang Itali menemui Kod Justinian? || 1070", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with the movement of peoples, invasion and depopulation, what event started in Late Antiquity and continued into the Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e1", "answers": [{"text": "deurbanisation", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what state did barbarian invaders establish kingdoms?", "id": "56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e2", "answers": [{"text": "the Western Roman Empire", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What empire was North Africa previously a part of?", "id": "56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e3", "answers": [{"text": "the Eastern Roman Empire", "answer_start": 328}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did the Caliphate conquer North Africa?", "id": "56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e4", "answers": [{"text": "7th", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Italians discover the Code of Justinian?", "id": "56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e5", "answers": [{"text": "1070", "answer_start": 740}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Depopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East\u2014once part of the Eastern Roman Empire\u2014came under the rule of the Caliphate, an Islamic empire, after conquest by Muhammad's successors. Although there were substantial changes in society and political structures, the break with Antiquity was not complete. The still-sizeable Byzantine Empire survived in the east and remained a major power. The empire's law code, the Code of Justinian, was rediscovered in Northern Italy in 1070 and became widely admired later in the Middle Ages. In the West, most kingdoms incorporated the few extant Roman institutions. Monasteries were founded as campaigns to Christianise pagan Europe continued. The Franks, under the Carolingian dynasty, briefly established the Carolingian Empire during the later 8th and early 9th century. It covered much of Western Europe, but later succumbed to the pressures of internal civil wars combined with external invasions\u2014Vikings from the north, Magyars from the east, and Saracens from the south."}], ["Semasa Zaman Pertengahan Tinggi, yang bermula selepas 1000, penduduk Eropah meningkat dengan pesat memandangkan inovasi teknologi dan pertanian membolehkan perdagangan berkembang dan Perubahan Iklim Abad Pertengahan membiarkan hasil tanaman meningkat. Manorialisme, organisasi petani ke desa-desa yang berhutang dan jasa buruh kepada bangsawan, dan feudalisme, struktur politik di mana para ksatria dan bangsawan status rendah berhutang jasa ketenteraan kepada tuan-tuan mereka sebagai balasan untuk hak sewa dari tanah dan manors, adalah dua cara masyarakat dianjurkan pada Zaman Pertengahan Tinggi. Perang Salib, yang pertama kali dikemukakan pada tahun 1095, adalah percubaan tentera oleh orang Kristian Eropah Barat untuk menguasai Tanah Suci daripada umat Islam. Raja-raja menjadi pemimpin negara-negara berpusat, mengurangkan jenayah dan keganasan tetapi membuat ideal dari satu kesatuan Kristian bersatu lebih jauh. Kehidupan intelektual telah ditandakan dengan skolastik, falsafah yang menekankan menyertai agama untuk membuat alasan, dan dengan penubuhan universiti. Teologi Thomas Aquinas, lukisan Giotto, puisi Dante dan Chaucer, perjalanan Marco Polo, dan seni bina katedral Gothic seperti Chartres adalah antara pencapaian yang luar biasa pada akhir tempoh ini, dan ke Akhir Tengah Zaman. <> Tahun apa menandakan permulaan Abad Pertengahan yang Tinggi? || 1000 <> Apakah peristiwa yang menyebabkan hasil tanaman yang lebih besar di Zaman Pertengahan Tinggi? || Tempoh Panas Abad Pertengahan <> Apakah nama sistem ekonomi yang menganjurkan para petani ke kampung-kampung kerana kerja dan sewa kepada bangsawan? || Manorialism <> Apa nama sistem politik yang memberi sewa kepada ksatria sebagai balasan untuk perkhidmatan ketenteraan? || feudalisme <> Pada tahun apakah Perang Salib bermula? || 1095", {"qas": [{"question": "What year marked the beginning of the High Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1eb", "answers": [{"text": "1000", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What event led to larger crop yields in the High Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1ec", "answers": [{"text": "the Medieval Warm Period", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the economic system that organized peasants into villages owing labor and rent to nobles?", "id": "56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1ed", "answers": [{"text": "Manorialism", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the political system that gave rents to knights in return for military service?", "id": "56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1ee", "answers": [{"text": "feudalism", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Crusades begin?", "id": "56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1ef", "answers": [{"text": "1095", "answer_start": 626}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and labour services to the nobles, and feudalism, the political structure whereby knights and lower-status nobles owed military service to their overlords in return for the right to rent from lands and manors, were two of the ways society was organised in the High Middle Ages. The Crusades, first preached in 1095, were military attempts by Western European Christians to regain control of the Holy Land from the Muslims. Kings became the heads of centralised nation states, reducing crime and violence but making the ideal of a unified Christendom more distant. Intellectual life was marked by scholasticism, a philosophy that emphasised joining faith to reason, and by the founding of universities. The theology of Thomas Aquinas, the paintings of Giotto, the poetry of Dante and Chaucer, the travels of Marco Polo, and the architecture of Gothic cathedrals such as Chartres are among the outstanding achievements toward the end of this period, and into the Late Middle Ages."}], ["Kehidupan dan budaya bandar Rom berubah banyak pada awal Abad Pertengahan. Walaupun bandar-bandar Itali tetap didiami, mereka berkontur dengan ketara. Sebagai contoh, Rom menguncup dari populasi beratus ribu hingga sekitar 30,000 menjelang akhir abad ke-6. Kuil Rom telah diubah menjadi gereja Kristian dan tembok kota masih digunakan. Di Eropah Utara, bandar-bandar juga menyusut, sementara monumen sivik dan bangunan awam lain diserbu untuk bahan binaan. Penubuhan kerajaan-kerajaan baru sering bermakna pertumbuhan bagi bandar-bandar yang dipilih sebagai ibu kota. Walaupun terdapat komuniti Yahudi di banyak bandar Rom, Yahudi mengalami tempoh penganiayaan setelah penukaran kerajaan ke Kristian. Secara rasmi mereka diterima, jika tertakluk kepada usaha penukaran, dan kadang-kadang juga digalakkan untuk menetap di kawasan baru. <> Berapa banyak orang yang tinggal di Rom pada akhir tahun 500an? || 30,000 <> Apakah kegunaan baru untuk kuil Rom? || Gereja-gereja Kristian <> Kumpulan apa yang dianiaya setelah Empayar Rom ditukar kepada Kekristianan? || Yahudi", {"qas": [{"question": "About how many people lived in Rome at the end of the 500s?", "id": "56fb645ab28b3419009f1d02", "answers": [{"text": "30,000", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What new use was found for Roman temples?", "id": "56fb645ab28b3419009f1d03", "answers": [{"text": "Christian churches", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group was notably persecuted after the Roman Empire converted to Christianity?", "id": "56fb645ab28b3419009f1d04", "answers": [{"text": "Jews", "answer_start": 642}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Roman city life and culture changed greatly in the early Middle Ages. Although Italian cities remained inhabited, they contracted significantly in size. Rome, for instance, shrank from a population of hundreds of thousands to around 30,000 by the end of the 6th century. Roman temples were converted into Christian churches and city walls remained in use. In Northern Europe, cities also shrank, while civic monuments and other public buildings were raided for building materials. The establishment of new kingdoms often meant some growth for the towns chosen as capitals. Although there had been Jewish communities in many Roman cities, the Jews suffered periods of persecution after the conversion of the empire to Christianity. Officially they were tolerated, if subject to conversion efforts, and at times were even encouraged to settle in new areas."}], ["Di Eropah Barat, beberapa keluarga elit Romawi yang lebih tua mati manakala yang lain lebih terlibat dengan Gereja daripada urusan sekular. Nilai-nilai yang dilampirkan kepada biasiswa Latin dan pendidikan kebanyakannya hilang, dan manakala literasi tetap penting, ia menjadi kemahiran praktikal dan bukannya tanda status elit. Pada abad ke-4, Jerome (tahun 420) bermimpi bahawa Tuhan menegurnya kerana menghabiskan lebih banyak masa membaca Cicero daripada Alkitab. Menjelang abad ke-6, Gregory of Tours (ms 594) mempunyai mimpi yang sama, tetapi bukannya menjadi chastised untuk membaca Cicero, dia telah dituduh untuk mempelajari cara tersendiri. Menjelang akhir abad ke-6, cara utama arahan agama di Gereja telah menjadi musik dan seni daripada buku. Kebanyakan usaha intelektual menuju ke arah meniru biasiswa klasik, tetapi beberapa karya asal dicipta, bersama-sama dengan komposisi oral yang hilang sekarang. Tulisan-tulisan Sidonius Apollinaris (dl 489), Cassiodorus (d.55.5), dan Boethius (d.525) adalah tipikal dari zaman. <> Pengarang apa yang akan dibaca oleh Jerome daripada Alkitab? || Cicero <> Dalam tahun apakah Jerome mati? || 420 <> Dalam abad apakah Gregory of Tours hidup? || Keenam <> Bersama dengan seni, bagaimanakah pengajaran agama yang biasa diterima pada akhir abad ke-6? || muzik <> Bilakah kematian Sidonius Apollinaris? || 489", {"qas": [{"question": "What author would Jerome rather read than the Bible?", "id": "56fb630db28b3419009f1ce4", "answers": [{"text": "Cicero", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Jerome die?", "id": "56fb630db28b3419009f1ce5", "answers": [{"text": "420", "answer_start": 340}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did Gregory of Tours live?", "id": "56fb630db28b3419009f1ce6", "answers": [{"text": "6th", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with art, how was religious instruction commonly received in the late 6th century?", "id": "56fb630db28b3419009f1ce7", "answers": [{"text": "music", "answer_start": 682}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the death of Sidonius Apollinaris?", "id": "56fb630db28b3419009f1ce8", "answers": [{"text": "489", "answer_start": 908}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Western Europe, some of the older Roman elite families died out while others became more involved with Church than secular affairs. Values attached to Latin scholarship and education mostly disappeared, and while literacy remained important, it became a practical skill rather than a sign of elite status. In the 4th century, Jerome (d. 420) dreamed that God rebuked him for spending more time reading Cicero than the Bible. By the 6th century, Gregory of Tours (d. 594) had a similar dream, but instead of being chastised for reading Cicero, he was chastised for learning shorthand. By the late 6th century, the principal means of religious instruction in the Church had become music and art rather than the book. Most intellectual efforts went towards imitating classical scholarship, but some original works were created, along with now-lost oral compositions. The writings of Sidonius Apollinaris (d. 489), Cassiodorus (d. c. 585), and Boethius (d. c. 525) were typical of the age."}], ["Perubahan juga berlaku di kalangan orang awam, kerana budaya aristokrat memfokuskan pada pesta-pesta besar yang diadakan di dalam dewan dan bukannya pada kegiatan sastera. Pakaian untuk golongan elit itu kaya dengan hiasan permata dan emas. Tuan-tuan dan raja-raja menyokong rombongan pejuang yang membentuk tulang belakang tentera. [1] Hubungan keluarga dalam golongan elit adalah penting, seperti kebaikan kesetiaan, keberanian, dan kehormatan. Hubungan ini membawa kepada kelaziman perseteruan di masyarakat bangsawan, contohnya termasuk yang berkaitan dengan Gregory Tours yang berlangsung di Merovingian Gaul. Kebanyakan persengketaan seolah-olah telah berakhir dengan cepat dengan pembayaran sejenis pampasan. Wanita mengambil bahagian dalam masyarakat bangsawan terutamanya dalam peranan mereka sebagai isteri dan ibu lelaki, dengan peranan ibu seorang penguasa yang sangat menonjol di Merovingian Gaul. Dalam masyarakat Anglo-Saxon kekurangan banyak penguasa kanak-kanak bermakna peranan yang lebih rendah untuk wanita sebagai ibu ratu, tetapi ini dikompensasikan dengan peningkatan peranan yang dimainkan oleh abbesses biara. Hanya di Itali ia kelihatan bahawa wanita selalu dipertimbangkan di bawah perlindungan dan kawalan seorang saudara laki-laki. <> Apakah tumpuan budaya aristokrat dalam tempoh ini? || perayaan besar <> Bersama dengan emas, mewah apa yang ada pada pakaian para elit? || permata <> Bersama dengan kesetiaan dan kehormatan, apa kebajikan yang dilakukan oleh nilai elit? || keberanian <> Dalam masyarakat apakah kaum wanita mempunyai status sebagai abbesses? || Anglo-Saxon <> Di negara apa yang dilakukan oleh Gregory of Tours? || Merovingian Gaul", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the focus of aristocratic culture during this period?", "id": "56fb6383b28b3419009f1cee", "answers": [{"text": "great feasts", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with gold, what luxury was present on the clothes of the elite?", "id": "56fb6383b28b3419009f1cef", "answers": [{"text": "jewels", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with loyalty and honor, what virtue did the elite value?", "id": "56fb6383b28b3419009f1cf0", "answers": [{"text": "courage", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what society did women have status as abbesses?", "id": "56fb6383b28b3419009f1cf1", "answers": [{"text": "Anglo-Saxon", "answer_start": 832}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what country did Gregory of Tours live?", "id": "56fb6383b28b3419009f1cf2", "answers": [{"text": "Merovingian Gaul", "answer_start": 552}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Changes also took place among laymen, as aristocratic culture focused on great feasts held in halls rather than on literary pursuits. Clothing for the elites was richly embellished with jewels and gold. Lords and kings supported entourages of fighters who formed the backbone of the military forces.[I] Family ties within the elites were important, as were the virtues of loyalty, courage, and honour. These ties led to the prevalence of the feud in aristocratic society, examples of which included those related by Gregory of Tours that took place in Merovingian Gaul. Most feuds seem to have ended quickly with the payment of some sort of compensation. Women took part in aristocratic society mainly in their roles as wives and mothers of men, with the role of mother of a ruler being especially prominent in Merovingian Gaul. In Anglo-Saxon society the lack of many child rulers meant a lesser role for women as queen mothers, but this was compensated for by the increased role played by abbesses of monasteries. Only in Italy does it appear that women were always considered under the protection and control of a male relative."}], ["Di Empayar Timur penyusutan lambat Balkan oleh Slavs menambah kesukaran untuk pengganti Justinian. Ia bermula secara beransur-ansur, tetapi pada akhir 540 suku Slavic berada di Thrace dan Illyrium, dan telah mengalahkan tentera empayar berhampiran Adrianople pada tahun 551. Pada tahun 560-an, Avar mula berkembang dari pangkalan mereka di tebing utara Danube; menjelang akhir abad ke-6 mereka menjadi kuasa dominan di Eropah Tengah dan secara rutin dapat memaksa kaisar timur untuk memberi penghormatan. Mereka kekal sebagai kuasa yang kuat sehingga 796. Masalah tambahan untuk menghadapi kerajaan datang sebagai hasil daripada penglibatan Maharaja Maurice (rajah 582-602) dalam politik Parsi ketika dia campur tangan dalam pertikaian berturut-turut. Ini membawa kepada tempoh perdamaian, tetapi apabila Maurice digulingkan, orang Persia menyerang dan semasa pemerintahan Maharaja Heraclius (rs.610-641) menguasai sebahagian besar kerajaan, termasuk Mesir, Syria, dan Asia Kecil, sehingga Heraclius ' balasan balas berjaya. Pada tahun 628 kerajaan memperoleh perjanjian damai dan memulihkan semua wilayahnya yang hilang. <> Siapa yang mengalahkan Empayar Rom Timur berhampiran Adrianople di 551? || Puak Slavik <> Suku mana yang menerima penghormatan dari empayar Rom Timur pada abad ke-6? || Avars <> Berhampiran sungai yang asalnya berdasarkan Avar? || Danube <> Semasa pemerintahan Kaisar apa yang orang Persia menduduki Mesir? || Heraclius <> Pada tahun berapakah pemerintahan Maurice berakhir? || 602", {"qas": [{"question": "Who defeated the Eastern Roman Empire near Adrianople in 551?", "id": "56fb62a98ddada1400cd63c3", "answers": [{"text": "Slavic tribes", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What tribe received tribute from the Eastern Roman emperors in the 6th century?", "id": "56fb62a98ddada1400cd63c4", "answers": [{"text": "the Avars", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Near what river were the Avars originally based?", "id": "56fb62a98ddada1400cd63c5", "answers": [{"text": "the Danube", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the reign of what Emperor did the Persians occupy Egypt?", "id": "56fb62a98ddada1400cd63c6", "answers": [{"text": "Heraclius", "answer_start": 828}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the reign of Maurice end?", "id": "56fb62a98ddada1400cd63c7", "answers": [{"text": "602", "answer_start": 642}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to expand from their base on the north bank of the Danube; by the end of the 6th century they were the dominant power in Central Europe and routinely able to force the eastern emperors to pay tribute. They remained a strong power until 796. An additional problem to face the empire came as a result of the involvement of Emperor Maurice (r. 582\u2013602) in Persian politics when he intervened in a succession dispute. This led to a period of peace, but when Maurice was overthrown, the Persians invaded and during the reign of Emperor Heraclius (r. 610\u2013641) controlled large chunks of the empire, including Egypt, Syria, and Asia Minor, until Heraclius' successful counterattack. In 628 the empire secured a peace treaty and recovered all of its lost territories."}], ["Pencerobohan ini membawa kumpulan etnik baru ke Eropah, walaupun beberapa kawasan menerima kemasukan orang baru yang lebih besar daripada yang lain. Di Gaul misalnya, para penyerang menetap jauh lebih luas di utara-timur daripada di barat daya. Orang-orang Slavic menetap di Eropah Tengah dan Timur dan Semenanjung Balkan. Penyelesaian masyarakat disertai dengan perubahan dalam bahasa. Latin dari Empayar Rom Barat secara beransur-ansur digantikan oleh bahasa berdasarkan, tetapi berbeza dari bahasa Latin, secara kolektif dikenali sebagai bahasa-bahasa Romantik. Perubahan-perubahan ini dari Latin ke bahasa-bahasa baru telah bertahun-tahun. Yunani tetap menjadi bahasa Empayar Byzantium, tetapi perpindahan Slavs menambah bahasa Slavonik ke Eropah Timur. <> Orang-orang dari etnik yang menetap di Semenanjung Balkan? || Slavic <> Dalam apa rantau geografi yang kebanyakan penceroboh menetap di Gaul? || utara-timur <> Apakah nama kolektif untuk bahasa yang berasal dari bahasa Latin? || Bahasa Romantik <> Bahasa apa yang digunakan dalam Empayar Byzantium? || Greek <> Bahasa apa yang digunakan oleh Slav? || Slavonic", {"qas": [{"question": "People of what ethnicity settled in the Balkan Peninsula?", "id": "56fb61e68ddada1400cd63af", "answers": [{"text": "Slavic", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what geographic region did most of the invaders settle in Gaul?", "id": "56fb61e78ddada1400cd63b0", "answers": [{"text": "north-east", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the collective name for languages derived from Latin?", "id": "56fb61e78ddada1400cd63b1", "answers": [{"text": "Romance languages", "answer_start": 511}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language was spoken in the Byzantine Empire?", "id": "56fb61e78ddada1400cd63b2", "answers": [{"text": "Greek", "answer_start": 597}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What languages were spoken by the Slavs?", "id": "56fb61e78ddada1400cd63b3", "answers": [{"text": "Slavonic", "answer_start": 688}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The invasions brought new ethnic groups to Europe, although some regions received a larger influx of new peoples than others. In Gaul for instance, the invaders settled much more extensively in the north-east than in the south-west. Slavic peoples settled in Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula. The settlement of peoples was accompanied by changes in languages. The Latin of the Western Roman Empire was gradually replaced by languages based on, but distinct from, Latin, collectively known as Romance languages. These changes from Latin to the new languages took many centuries. Greek remained the language of the Byzantine Empire, but the migrations of the Slavs added Slavonic languages to Eastern Europe."}], ["Masyarakat petani kurang terdokumentasikan daripada bangsawan. Kebanyakan maklumat yang boleh didapati untuk ahli sejarah berasal daripada arkeologi; beberapa rekod bertulis terperinci mendokumenkan kehidupan petani kekal dari sebelum abad ke-9. Kebanyakan perihal kelas rendah datang dari kod undang-undang atau penulis dari kelas atas. Corak tanah di Barat tidak seragam; sesetengah kawasan telah banyak berpecah-pecah corak tanah, tetapi di kawasan-kawasan lain kawasan blok besar adalah norma. Perbezaan ini dibenarkan untuk pelbagai kaum petani, sebahagiannya dikuasai oleh pemilik tanah bangsawan dan yang lain yang mempunyai banyak otonomi. Penyelesaian tanah juga sangat bervariasi. Beberapa petani tinggal di penempatan besar yang berjumlah sebanyak 700 penduduk. Lain-lain hidup dalam kumpulan kecil dari beberapa keluarga dan yang lain masih hidup di ladang-ladang terpencil yang tersebar di pedalaman. Terdapat juga kawasan-kawasan di mana coraknya adalah gabungan dua atau lebih sistem tersebut. Tidak seperti pada zaman Rom lewat, tidak ada rehat yang nyata antara status undang-undang petani percuma dan bangsawan, dan mungkin keluarga petani bebas untuk bangkit menjadi bangsawan selama beberapa generasi melalui perkhidmatan ketenteraan kepada tuan yang berkuasa. <> Berapa ramai orang mungkin tinggal dalam penyelesaian petani besar? || 700 <> Apa cara seorang petani yang bebas menjadi bangsawan? || perkhidmatan ketenteraan <> Dalam abad apakah rekod bertulis mengenai kehidupan petani mula muncul? || 9 <> Bersama dengan penulis aristokrat, di mana penerangan bertulis kontemporer dari para petani berasal? || kod undang-undang <> Bidang apa yang menghasilkan kebanyakan temuan mengenai petani dari era ini? || arkeologi", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people might live in a large peasant settlement?", "id": "56fb6409b28b3419009f1cf8", "answers": [{"text": "700", "answer_start": 766}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was a way in which a free peasant might become an aristocrat?", "id": "56fb6409b28b3419009f1cf9", "answers": [{"text": "military service", "answer_start": 1216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did written records of peasant life begin to appear?", "id": "56fb6409b28b3419009f1cfa", "answers": [{"text": "9th", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with aristocratic writers, where do contemporary written descriptions of peasants come from?", "id": "56fb6409b28b3419009f1cfb", "answers": [{"text": "law codes", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What field produces most of the finding about peasants from this era?", "id": "56fb6409b28b3419009f1cfc", "answers": [{"text": "archaeology", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Peasant society is much less documented than the nobility. Most of the surviving information available to historians comes from archaeology; few detailed written records documenting peasant life remain from before the 9th century. Most the descriptions of the lower classes come from either law codes or writers from the upper classes. Landholding patterns in the West were not uniform; some areas had greatly fragmented landholding patterns, but in other areas large contiguous blocks of land were the norm. These differences allowed for a wide variety of peasant societies, some dominated by aristocratic landholders and others having a great deal of autonomy. Land settlement also varied greatly. Some peasants lived in large settlements that numbered as many as 700 inhabitants. Others lived in small groups of a few families and still others lived on isolated farms spread over the countryside. There were also areas where the pattern was a mix of two or more of those systems. Unlike in the late Roman period, there was no sharp break between the legal status of the free peasant and the aristocrat, and it was possible for a free peasant's family to rise into the aristocracy over several generations through military service to a powerful lord."}], ["Menjelang akhir kurun ke-5 bahagian barat empayar dibahagikan kepada unit-unit politik yang lebih kecil, diperintah oleh suku-suku yang telah menyerang pada awal abad ini. Pemusnahan kaisar terakhir di barat, Romulus Augustus, pada tahun 476 secara tradisinya menandakan berakhirnya Empayar Rom Barat. [E] Empayar Rom Timur, sering disebut sebagai Empayar Byzantine setelah kejatuhan rekan baratnya, telah keupayaan kecil untuk menegaskan kawalan terhadap wilayah barat yang hilang. Kaisar Byzantine mengekalkan tuntutan ke atas wilayah itu, tetapi tidak ada raja-raja baru di barat yang berani menaikkan dirinya ke kedudukan kaisar di barat, kawalan Byzantine terhadap kebanyakan Kerajaan Barat tidak dapat dikekalkan; penaklukan kembali semenanjung Itali dan pinggir Mediterranean oleh Justinian (r 527-565) adalah satu-satunya, dan pengecualian sementara. <> Siapa Maharaja Rom Barat yang terakhir? || Romulus Augustus <> Bilakah pemerintahan Maharaja Rom Barat yang terakhir berakhir? || 476 <> Apa nama lain untuk Empayar Rom Timur? || Empayar Byzantine <> Apakah Kaisar Romawi Timur mendambakan semula Itali? || Justinian <> Kapan masa pemerintahan Justinian berakhir? || 565", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the last Western Roman Emperor?", "id": "56fb3441f34c681400b0c209", "answers": [{"text": "Romulus Augustus", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the reign of the last Western Roman Emperor end?", "id": "56fb3441f34c681400b0c20a", "answers": [{"text": "476", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for the Eastern Roman Empire?", "id": "56fb3441f34c681400b0c20b", "answers": [{"text": "Byzantine Empire", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Eastern Roman Emperor reconquered Italy?", "id": "56fb3441f34c681400b0c20c", "answers": [{"text": "Justinian", "answer_start": 806}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Justinian's reign end?", "id": "56fb3441f34c681400b0c20d", "answers": [{"text": "565", "answer_start": 824}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The Eastern Roman Empire, often referred to as the Byzantine Empire after the fall of its western counterpart, had little ability to assert control over the lost western territories. The Byzantine emperors maintained a claim over the territory, but none of the new kings in the west dared to elevate himself to the position of emperor of the west, Byzantine control of most of the Western Empire could not be sustained; the reconquest of the Italian peninsula and Mediterranean periphery by Justinian (r. 527\u2013565) was the sole, and temporary, exception."}], ["Antara abad ke-5 dan ke-8, orang-orang baru dan individu mengisi kekosongan politik yang ditinggalkan oleh pemerintah pusat Rom. Ostrogoths menetap di Itali pada abad ke-5 di bawah Theoderic (ms 526) dan menubuhkan sebuah kerajaan yang ditandakan dengan kerjasama antara Itali dan Ostrogoths, sekurang-kurangnya sehingga tahun-tahun terakhir pemerintahan Theodoric. The Burgundians menetap di Gaul, dan selepas alam sebelumnya dimusnahkan oleh Hun pada tahun 436 membentuk kerajaan baru di 440-an. Antara Geneva dan Lyon hari ini, ia berkembang menjadi alam Burgundy pada abad ke-5 dan awal abad ke-6. Di utara Gaul, orang Franks dan Britons menubuhkan polis kecil. Kerajaan Frank dipusatkan di utara-timur Gaul, dan raja pertama yang terkenal adalah Childeric (481). [G] Di bawah anak lelaki Childeric Clovis (509-511), kerajaan Frankly berkembang dan diubah menjadi Kristian. Briton, yang berkaitan dengan orang asli Britannia - moden Britain - menetap di Brittany sekarang. Monarki lain ditubuhkan oleh Visigoths di Iberia, Suevi di utara-barat Iberia, dan Vandals di Afrika Utara. Pada abad ke-6, Lombard menetap di utara Itali, menggantikan kerajaan Ostrogothik dengan pengumpulan duchies yang kadang-kadang memilih seorang raja untuk memerintah mereka semua. Menjelang abad ke-6, pengaturan ini telah digantikan oleh monarki kekal. <> Dalam abad apakah Ostrogoth tiba di Itali? || 5th <> Apa pemimpin Ostrogothic yang memimpin orangnya ke Itali? || Theoderic <> Siapa yang memusnahkan kerajaan Burgundia pada tahun 436? || kaum Hun <> Di bahagian Eropah apakah orang-orang Burgundia menetap? || Gaul <> Siapa raja pertama orang Frank? || Kanak-kanak", {"qas": [{"question": "In what century did the Ostrogoths arrive in Italy?", "id": "56fb353df34c681400b0c21d", "answers": [{"text": "5th", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Ostrogothic leader led his people into Italy?", "id": "56fb353df34c681400b0c21e", "answers": [{"text": "Theoderic", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who destroyed the Burgundian kingdom in 436?", "id": "56fb353df34c681400b0c21f", "answers": [{"text": "the Huns", "answer_start": 426}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what part of Europe did the Burgundians settle?", "id": "56fb353df34c681400b0c220", "answers": [{"text": "Gaul", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the first notable king of the Franks?", "id": "56fb353df34c681400b0c221", "answers": [{"text": "Childeric", "answer_start": 754}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Between the 5th and 8th centuries, new peoples and individuals filled the political void left by Roman centralised government. The Ostrogoths settled in Italy in the late 5th century under Theoderic (d. 526) and set up a kingdom marked by its co-operation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths, at least until the last years of Theodoric's reign. The Burgundians settled in Gaul, and after an earlier realm was destroyed by the Huns in 436 formed a new kingdom in the 440s. Between today's Geneva and Lyon, it grew to become the realm of Burgundy in the late 5th and early 6th centuries. In northern Gaul, the Franks and Britons set up small polities. The Frankish Kingdom was centred in north-eastern Gaul, and the first king of whom much is known is Childeric (d. 481).[G] Under Childeric's son Clovis (r. 509\u2013511), the Frankish kingdom expanded and converted to Christianity. Britons, related to the natives of Britannia \u2014 modern-day Great Britain \u2014 settled in what is now Brittany.[H] Other monarchies were established by the Visigoths in Iberia, the Suevi in north-western Iberia, and the Vandals in North Africa. In the 6th century, the Lombards settled in northern Italy, replacing the Ostrogothic kingdom with a grouping of duchies that occasionally selected a king to rule over them all. By the late 6th century this arrangement had been replaced by a permanent monarchy."}], ["Ketika Eropah Barat menyaksikan pembentukan kerajaan-kerajaan baru, Empayar Rom Timur tetap utuh dan mengalami kebangkitan ekonomi yang berlangsung pada awal abad ke-7. Terdapat sedikit pencerobohan bahagian timur empayar; kebanyakan berlaku di Balkan. Perdamaian dengan Persia, musuh tradisional Roma, berlangsung sepanjang abad ke-5. Empayar Timur ditandai dengan hubungan yang lebih dekat antara negara politik dan Gereja Kristian, dengan perkara-perkara doktrin yang menganggap penting dalam politik timur yang mereka tidak mempunyai di Eropah Barat. Perkembangan undang-undang termasuk kodifikasi undang-undang Rom; usaha pertama-Kod Theodosian-telah disiapkan pada tahun 438. Di bawah Kaisar Justinian (rajah 527-565), satu lagi kompilasi telah dilakukan-Corpus Juris Civilis. Justinian juga menyelia pembinaan Hagia Sophia di Constantinople dan penaklukan Afrika Utara dari Vandals dan Itali dari Ostrogoths, di bawah Belisarius (565). Penaklukan Itali tidak lengkap, sebagai wabak maut dalam 542 menyebabkan pemerintahan Justinian yang lain menumpukan pada langkah-langkah pertahanan daripada penaklukan yang lebih jauh. Pada kematian kaisar, Byzantine mengawal kebanyakan dari Itali, Afrika Utara, dan sebuah pijakan kecil di Sepanyol selatan. Pengembalian semula Justinian telah dikritik oleh ahli sejarah untuk mengatasi kewujudannya dan menetapkan pentas untuk penaklukan orang Islam, tetapi banyak kesukaran yang dihadapi oleh pengganti Justinian adalah bukan sahaja untuk cukai yang terlalu banyak untuk membayar peperangannya tetapi kepada sifat dasar orang awam empayar, yang menjadikan pasukan tentera semakin sukar. <> Dalam abad apakah kebangkitan ekonomi di Empayar Rom Timur berakhir? || 7 <> Pada abad apa ada perdamaian dengan salah satu musuh tradisional Rom? || Ke-5 <> Di manakah kebanyakan pencerobohan di Empayar Rom Timur berlaku? || Balkan <> Tahun berapa telah menyiapkan Kod Theodosian? || 438 <> Siapa Maharaja apabila Corpus Juris Civilis dikumpulkan? || Justinian", {"qas": [{"question": "In what century did the economic revival in the Eastern Roman Empire end?", "id": "56fb623d8ddada1400cd63b9", "answers": [{"text": "7th", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century was there peace with one of Rome's traditional enemies?", "id": "56fb623d8ddada1400cd63ba", "answers": [{"text": "5th", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did most of the invasion in the Eastern Roman Empire take place?", "id": "56fb623d8ddada1400cd63bb", "answers": [{"text": "the Balkans", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year saw the completion of the Theodosian Code?", "id": "56fb623d8ddada1400cd63bc", "answers": [{"text": "438", "answer_start": 685}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Emperor when the Corpus Juris Civilis was compiled?", "id": "56fb623d8ddada1400cd63bd", "answers": [{"text": "Justinian", "answer_start": 704}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire; most occurred in the Balkans. Peace with Persia, the traditional enemy of Rome, lasted throughout most of the 5th century. The Eastern Empire was marked by closer relations between the political state and Christian Church, with doctrinal matters assuming an importance in eastern politics that they did not have in Western Europe. Legal developments included the codification of Roman law; the first effort\u2014the Theodosian Code\u2014was completed in 438. Under Emperor Justinian (r. 527\u2013565), another compilation took place\u2014the Corpus Juris Civilis. Justinian also oversaw the construction of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople and the reconquest of North Africa from the Vandals and Italy from the Ostrogoths, under Belisarius (d. 565). The conquest of Italy was not complete, as a deadly outbreak of plague in 542 led to the rest of Justinian's reign concentrating on defensive measures rather than further conquests. At the emperor's death, the Byzantines had control of most of Italy, North Africa, and a small foothold in southern Spain. Justinian's reconquests have been criticised by historians for overextending his realm and setting the stage for the Muslim conquests, but many of the difficulties faced by Justinian's successors were due not just to over-taxation to pay for his wars but to the essentially civilian nature of the empire, which made raising troops difficult."}], ["Struktur politik Eropah Barat berubah dengan berakhirnya Kerajaan Romawi yang bersatu. Walaupun pergerakan rakyat dalam tempoh ini biasanya digambarkan sebagai \"pencerobohan\", mereka bukan sahaja ekspedisi ketenteraan tetapi migrasi seluruh rakyat ke dalam empayar. Pergerakan tersebut dibantu oleh penolakan golongan elit Rom barat untuk menyokong tentera atau membayar cukai yang akan membenarkan tentera untuk menindas penghijrahan itu. Maharaja abad ke-5 sering dikawal oleh orang-orang kuat tentera seperti Stilicho (408), Aspar (471), Ricimer (472), atau Gundobad (516), yang sebahagiannya atau tidak sepenuhnya -Roman latar belakang. Ketika garis kaisar barat berhenti, banyak raja yang menggantikan mereka berasal dari latar belakang yang sama. Perkahwinan antara raja-raja baru dan golongan elit Rom adalah umum. Ini membawa kepada perpaduan kebudayaan Rom dengan adat istiadat suku-suku yang menyerang, termasuk perhimpunan yang popular yang membenarkan anggota puak lelaki bebas lebih banyak mengatakan dalam perkara politik daripada yang lazim di negara Rom. Artefak bahan yang ditinggalkan oleh orang Rom dan penyerbu sering serupa, dan barang-barang suku sering dimodelkan pada objek Rom. Kebanyakan kultur ilmiah dan bertulis kerajaan-kerajaan baru juga didasarkan pada tradisi intelektual Rom. Perbezaan penting ialah kehilangan hasil cukai yang secara beransur-ansur oleh pihak-pihak yang baru. Banyak entiti politik baru tidak lagi menyokong tentera mereka melalui cukai, sebaliknya bergantung kepada pemberian tanah atau sewa mereka. Ini bermakna tidak ada keperluan untuk pendapatan cukai yang besar dan sistem cukai yang merosot. Peperangan adalah perkara biasa di antara dan di dalam kerajaan-kerajaan. Perbudakan menurun apabila bekalan semakin lemah, dan masyarakat menjadi lebih pedesaan. [F] <> Kapan Aspar mati? || Aspar <> Tahun berapa melihat kematian Gundobad? || 516 <> Apa angka Rom terkenal yang meninggal pada tahun 408? || Stilicho <> Kehilangan apa yang menyebabkan pembezaan antara Empayar Rom Barat dan kerajaan baru? || pendapatan cukai <> Daripada cukai, apakah yang digunakan oleh kerajaan-kerajaan baru untuk menyokong tentera mereka? || tanah atau sewa", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Aspar die?", "id": "56fb34c7f34c681400b0c213", "answers": [{"text": "Aspar", "answer_start": 545}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year saw the death of Gundobad?", "id": "56fb34c7f34c681400b0c214", "answers": [{"text": "516", "answer_start": 595}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What notable Roman figure died in 408?", "id": "56fb34c7f34c681400b0c215", "answers": [{"text": "Stilicho", "answer_start": 526}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The loss of what led to the differentiation between the Western Roman Empire and the new kingdoms?", "id": "56fb34c7f34c681400b0c216", "answers": [{"text": "tax revenue", "answer_start": 1333}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Rather than taxes, what did the new kingdoms use to support their armies?", "id": "56fb34c7f34c681400b0c217", "answers": [{"text": "land or rents", "answer_start": 1482}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as \"invasions\", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided by the refusal of the western Roman elites to support the army or pay the taxes that would have allowed the military to suppress the migration. The emperors of the 5th century were often controlled by military strongmen such as Stilicho (d. 408), Aspar (d. 471), Ricimer (d. 472), or Gundobad (d. 516), who were partly or fully of non-Roman background. When the line of western emperors ceased, many of the kings who replaced them were from the same background. Intermarriage between the new kings and the Roman elites was common. This led to a fusion of Roman culture with the customs of the invading tribes, including the popular assemblies that allowed free male tribal members more say in political matters than was common in the Roman state. Material artefacts left by the Romans and the invaders are often similar, and tribal items were often modelled on Roman objects. Much of the scholarly and written culture of the new kingdoms was also based on Roman intellectual traditions. An important difference was the gradual loss of tax revenue by the new polities. Many of the new political entities no longer supported their armies through taxes, instead relying on granting them land or rents. This meant there was less need for large tax revenues and so the taxation systems decayed. Warfare was common between and within the kingdoms. Slavery declined as the supply weakened, and society became more rural.[F]"}], ["Banyak negara Jerman di barat semuanya mempunyai koin yang meniru bentuk Roman dan Byzantine yang sedia ada. Emas terus dicetak sehingga akhir abad ke-7, apabila ia diganti dengan duit syiling perak. Koin perak asas Frankish adalah denarius atau denier, sedangkan versi Anglo-Saxon dipanggil satu sen. Dari kawasan ini, denier atau sen menyebar ke seluruh Eropah selama berabad-abad dari 700 hingga 1000. Tembaga atau syiling gangsa tidak dilanda, atau emas kecuali di Eropah Selatan. Tiada duit syiling perak dalam pelbagai unit dicetak. <> Sepanjang abad apa yang dilakukan penggiliran emas? || 7 <> Koin dari apa logam menggantikan duit syiling emas? || perak <> Apa duit syiling perak Anglo-Saxon? || penny <> Apa nama lain untuk denarius itu? || denier <> Di bahagian Eropah apa duit syiling emas masih dicetak? || Eropah Selatan", {"qas": [{"question": "During what century did gold coinage cease?", "id": "56fb6673b28b3419009f1d22", "answers": [{"text": "7th", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Coinage from what metal replaced gold coinage?", "id": "56fb6673b28b3419009f1d23", "answers": [{"text": "silver", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Anglo-Saxon silver coin called?", "id": "56fb6673b28b3419009f1d24", "answers": [{"text": "penny", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was another name for the denarius?", "id": "56fb6673b28b3419009f1d25", "answers": [{"text": "denier", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what part of Europe were gold coins still minted?", "id": "56fb6673b28b3419009f1d26", "answers": [{"text": "Southern Europe", "answer_start": 482}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The various Germanic states in the west all had coinages that imitated existing Roman and Byzantine forms. Gold continued to be minted until the end of the 7th century, when it was replaced by silver coins. The basic Frankish silver coin was the denarius or denier, while the Anglo-Saxon version was called a penny. From these areas, the denier or penny spread throughout Europe during the centuries from 700 to 1000. Copper or bronze coins were not struck, nor were gold except in Southern Europe. No silver coins denominated in multiple units were minted."}], ["Pengorbanan Charlemagne sebagai kaisar pada Hari Krismas 800 dianggap sebagai titik balik dalam sejarah zaman pertengahan, menandakan kemunculan Empayar Rom Barat, sejak kaisar baru memerintah sebahagian besar wilayah yang pernah dikawal oleh kaisar barat. Ia juga menandakan perubahan dalam hubungan Charlemagne dengan Empayar Byzantine, kerana anggapan hakim imperialis oleh Carolingians menegaskan kesetaraan mereka kepada negara Byzantine. Terdapat beberapa perbezaan antara Empayar Carolingian yang baru ditubuhkan dan kedua-dua Empayar Rom Barat yang lama dan Empire Byzantine yang bersamaan. Tanah Frank adalah kawasan luar bandar, dengan hanya beberapa bandar kecil. Kebanyakan orang adalah petani diselesaikan di ladang-ladang kecil. Perdagangan kecil wujud dan kebanyakannya adalah dengan Kepulauan British dan Scandinavia, berbeza dengan Empayar Rom yang lebih tua dengan rangkaian dagangannya berpusat di Mediterranean. Empayar itu ditadbir oleh mahkamah rombongan yang mengembara dengan kaisar, serta kira-kira 300 pegawai kekaisaran yang disebut perkiraan, yang mentadbir daerah-daerah kekaisaran telah dibahagikan kepada. Klerus dan uskup tempatan berkhidmat sebagai pegawai, serta pegawai imperialis yang dipanggil missi dominici, yang bertindak sebagai pengawas penyelidik dan pemecah masalah. <> Pada tarikh apakah Charlemagne menganggap gelaran kekaisaran? || Hari Krismas 800 <> Daripada kelas mana yang paling banyak penduduk Empayar Carolingian? || petani <> Berapa banyak tuduhan yang wujud dalam Empayar Carolingian? || 300 <> Dalam pemukiman apakah yang tinggal di kebanyakan penduduk Carolingian Empire? || ladang kecil <> Bersama dengan Kepulauan British, dengan tanah apa yang dilakukan oleh orang Carolingian? || Scandinavia", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date did Charlemagne assume the imperial title?", "id": "56fb69e38ddada1400cd63f5", "answers": [{"text": "Christmas Day 800", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of what class were most inhabitants of the Carolingian Empire?", "id": "56fb69e38ddada1400cd63f6", "answers": [{"text": "peasants", "answer_start": 703}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many counts existed in the Carolingian Empire?", "id": "56fb69e38ddada1400cd63f7", "answers": [{"text": "300", "answer_start": 1020}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what settlements did most inhabitants of the Carolingian Empire live?", "id": "56fb69e38ddada1400cd63f8", "answers": [{"text": "small farms", "answer_start": 723}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the British Isles, with what land did the Carolingians trade?", "id": "56fb69e38ddada1400cd63f9", "answers": [{"text": "Scandinavia", "answer_start": 805}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The coronation of Charlemagne as emperor on Christmas Day 800 is regarded as a turning point in medieval history, marking a return of the Western Roman Empire, since the new emperor ruled over much of the area previously controlled by the western emperors. It also marks a change in Charlemagne's relationship with the Byzantine Empire, as the assumption of the imperial title by the Carolingians asserted their equivalence to the Byzantine state. There were several differences between the newly established Carolingian Empire and both the older Western Roman Empire and the concurrent Byzantine Empire. The Frankish lands were rural in character, with only a few small cities. Most of the people were peasants settled on small farms. Little trade existed and much of that was with the British Isles and Scandinavia, in contrast to the older Roman Empire with its trading networks centred on the Mediterranean. The empire was administered by an itinerant court that travelled with the emperor, as well as approximately 300 imperial officials called counts, who administered the counties the empire had been divided into. Clergy and local bishops served as officials, as well as the imperial officials called missi dominici, who served as roving inspectors and troubleshooters."}], ["Penaklukan Islam mencapai puncaknya pada pertengahan abad ke-8. Kekalahan pasukan Islam di Pertempuran Poitiers pada tahun 732 membawa kepada pengambilan semula Perancis selatan oleh Franks, tetapi alasan utamanya untuk menghentikan pertumbuhan Islam di Eropah adalah penggulingan dinasti Umayyad dan penggantiannya oleh dinasti Abbasiyyah. Abbasid memindahkan modal mereka ke Baghdad dan lebih peduli dengan Timur Tengah daripada Eropah, kehilangan kawalan bahagian-bahagian tanah Islam. Keturunan Umayyah mengambil alih Semenanjung Iberia, Aghlabids menguasai Afrika Utara, dan Tulunids menjadi raja Mesir. Pada pertengahan abad ke-8, corak perdagangan baru muncul di Mediterranean; perdagangan antara orang-orang Frank dan Arab menggantikan corak dagangan Rom lama. Franks didagangkan kayu, bulu, pedang dan hamba sebagai balasan untuk sutera dan kain lain, rempah, dan logam berharga dari orang Arab. <> Dalam tahun apakah Pertempuran Poitiers berlaku? || 732 <> Apa dinasti Islam mengikut Umayyad? || Abbasid <> Apakah ibukota negara Abbasid itu? || Baghdad <> Apa dinasti memerintah Mesir dalam tempoh ini? || Tulunids <> Kumpulan apa yang menakluki Perancis selatan dari tentera Islam? || orang Frank", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the Battle of Poitiers take place?", "id": "56fb6570b28b3419009f1d12", "answers": [{"text": "732", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Islamic dynasty followed the Umayyad?", "id": "56fb6570b28b3419009f1d13", "answers": [{"text": "Abbasid", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the capital of the Abbasid state?", "id": "56fb6570b28b3419009f1d14", "answers": [{"text": "Baghdad", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What dynasty ruled Egypt in this period?", "id": "56fb6570b28b3419009f1d15", "answers": [{"text": "Tulunids", "answer_start": 578}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group conquered southern France from Muslim forces?", "id": "56fb6570b28b3419009f1d16", "answers": [{"text": "the Franks", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Islamic conquests reached their peak in the mid-8th century. The defeat of Muslim forces at the Battle of Poitiers in 732 led to the reconquest of southern France by the Franks, but the main reason for the halt of Islamic growth in Europe was the overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty and its replacement by the Abbasid dynasty. The Abbasids moved their capital to Baghdad and were more concerned with the Middle East than Europe, losing control of sections of the Muslim lands. Umayyad descendants took over the Iberian Peninsula, the Aghlabids controlled North Africa, and the Tulunids became rulers of Egypt. By the middle of the 8th century, new trading patterns were emerging in the Mediterranean; trade between the Franks and the Arabs replaced the old Roman patterns of trade. Franks traded timber, furs, swords and slaves in return for silks and other fabrics, spices, and precious metals from the Arabs."}], ["Kerajaan Frank di Gaul utara berpecah menjadi kerajaan-kerajaan bernama Austrasia, Neustria, dan Burgundy pada abad ke-6 dan ke-7, semuanya dikuasai oleh dinasti Merovingian, yang berasal dari Clovis. Abad ke-7 adalah tempoh peperangan antara Austrasia dan Neustria. Peperangan sedemikian telah dieksploitasi oleh Pippin (tahun 640), Walikota Istana untuk Austrasia yang menjadi kekuatan di belakang tahta Austrasian. Kemudian ahli keluarganya mewarisi pejabat, bertindak sebagai penasihat dan bupati. Salah seorang keturunannya, Charles Martel (741), memenangi Pertempuran Poitiers pada 732, menghentikan kemaraan tentera Islam di seluruh Pyrenees. [K] Great Britain dibahagikan kepada negeri-negeri kecil yang dikuasai oleh kerajaan-kerajaan Northumbria, Mercia, Wessex, dan Anglia Timur, yang berasal dari penjajah Anglo-Saxon. Kerajaan-kerajaan yang lebih kecil di zaman sekarang Wales dan Scotland masih di bawah kawalan British dan Pict. Ireland dibahagikan kepada unit-unit politik yang lebih kecil, yang biasanya dikenali sebagai kerajaan suku, di bawah kendali raja-raja. Mungkin terdapat sebanyak 150 raja tempatan di Ireland, yang mempunyai kepentingan yang berbeza-beza. <> Bersama dengan Austrasia dan Neustria, kerajaan apakah yang asalnya sebahagian daripada kerajaan Frank? || Burgundy <> Apa dinasti memerintah Neustria? || Merovingian <> Dari mana penguasa-penguasa Dinasti Merovingian mengesan nenek moyang mereka? || Clovis <> Apakah gelaran Pippin? || Walikota Istana <> Pemimpin apa yang menang di Pertempuran Poitiers? || Charles Martel", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Austrasia and Neustria, what kingdom was originally part of the Frankish kingdom?", "id": "56fb68ac8ddada1400cd63e1", "answers": [{"text": "Burgundy", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What dynasty ruled Neustria?", "id": "56fb68ac8ddada1400cd63e2", "answers": [{"text": "Merovingian", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From whom did the rulers of the Merovingian dynasty trace their ancestry?", "id": "56fb68ac8ddada1400cd63e3", "answers": [{"text": "Clovis", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the title of Pippin?", "id": "56fb68ac8ddada1400cd63e4", "answers": [{"text": "Mayor of the Palace", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What leader was victorious at the Battle of Poitiers?", "id": "56fb68ac8ddada1400cd63e5", "answers": [{"text": "Charles Martel", "answer_start": 533}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Frankish kingdom in northern Gaul split into kingdoms called Austrasia, Neustria, and Burgundy during the 6th and 7th centuries, all of them ruled by the Merovingian dynasty, who were descended from Clovis. The 7th century was a tumultuous period of wars between Austrasia and Neustria. Such warfare was exploited by Pippin (d. 640), the Mayor of the Palace for Austrasia who became the power behind the Austrasian throne. Later members of his family inherited the office, acting as advisers and regents. One of his descendants, Charles Martel (d. 741), won the Battle of Poitiers in 732, halting the advance of Muslim armies across the Pyrenees.[K] Great Britain was divided into small states dominated by the kingdoms of Northumbria, Mercia, Wessex, and East Anglia, which were descended from the Anglo-Saxon invaders. Smaller kingdoms in present-day Wales and Scotland were still under the control of the native Britons and Picts. Ireland was divided into even smaller political units, usually known as tribal kingdoms, under the control of kings. There were perhaps as many as 150 local kings in Ireland, of varying importance."}], ["Kekristianan adalah faktor pemersatu utama antara Eropah Timur dan Barat sebelum penaklukan Arab, tetapi penaklukan Afrika Utara memasuki hubungan maritim di antara kawasan tersebut. Semakin jemaat Byzantine berbeza dalam bahasa, amalan, dan liturgi dari gereja barat. Gereja timur menggunakan bahasa Yunani bukan bahasa Latin barat. Perbezaan teologi dan politik muncul, dan isu-isu awal dan pertengahan abad ke-8 seperti ikonoklasma, perkahwinan ulama, dan kawalan kerajaan gereja telah melebar setakat perbezaan budaya dan agama lebih besar daripada persamaan. Pecah rasmi datang pada tahun 1054, ketika kepausan dan patriarki Konstantinopel bertempur atas supremasi kepausan dan mengucilkan satu sama lain, yang menyebabkan pembagian agama Kristian menjadi dua gereja-cawangan barat menjadi Gereja Katolik Roma dan cabang timur Gereja Ortodoks . <> Bahasa apa yang digunakan oleh gereja timur? || Greek <> Bahasa apa yang digunakan oleh gereja barat? || Latin <> Bilakah gereja-gereja timur dan barat berpecah? || 1054 <> Lebih dari apa isu yang dibahagi-bahagikan oleh gereja-gereja timur dan barat? || supremasi paus <> Apa gereja timur yang kemudian dikenali sebagai? || Gereja Ortodoks", {"qas": [{"question": "What language was used by the eastern church?", "id": "56fb66c9b28b3419009f1d2c", "answers": [{"text": "Greek", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language did the western church use?", "id": "56fb66c9b28b3419009f1d2d", "answers": [{"text": "Latin", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the eastern and western churches split?", "id": "56fb66c9b28b3419009f1d2e", "answers": [{"text": "1054", "answer_start": 647}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Over what issue did the eastern and western churches split?", "id": "56fb66c9b28b3419009f1d2f", "answers": [{"text": "papal supremacy", "answer_start": 719}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the eastern church subsequently known as?", "id": "56fb66c9b28b3419009f1d30", "answers": [{"text": "the Orthodox Church", "answer_start": 901}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Christianity was a major unifying factor between Eastern and Western Europe before the Arab conquests, but the conquest of North Africa sundered maritime connections between those areas. Increasingly the Byzantine Church differed in language, practices, and liturgy from the western Church. The eastern church used Greek instead of the western Latin. Theological and political differences emerged, and by the early and middle 8th century issues such as iconoclasm, clerical marriage, and state control of the church had widened to the extent that the cultural and religious differences were greater than the similarities. The formal break came in 1054, when the papacy and the patriarchy of Constantinople clashed over papal supremacy and excommunicated each other, which led to the division of Christianity into two churches\u2014the western branch became the Roman Catholic Church and the eastern branch the Orthodox Church."}], ["Zaman Pertengahan Awal menyaksikan kebangkitan monastik di Barat. Bentuk monastikisme Eropah ditentukan oleh tradisi dan idea yang berasal dari Bapak-bapak Gurun Mesir dan Syria. Kebanyakan biara-biara Eropah adalah jenis yang memfokuskan kepada pengalaman masyarakat tentang kehidupan rohani, yang dipanggil cenobitisme, yang dipelopori oleh Pachomius (348) pada abad ke-4. Idea monastik merebak dari Mesir ke Eropah Barat pada abad ke-5 dan ke-6 melalui kesusasteraan hagiografi seperti Life of Anthony. Benediktus Nursia (halaman 547) menulis Peraturan Benediktin untuk monastikisme Barat pada abad ke-6, yang memperincikan tanggungjawab pentadbiran dan rohani komuniti sami yang dipimpin oleh abbot. Biarawan dan biara mempunyai pengaruh mendalam terhadap kehidupan agama dan politik Zaman Pertengahan Awal, dalam pelbagai kes yang bertindak sebagai tanah amanah untuk keluarga yang berkuasa, pusat propaganda dan sokongan diraja di wilayah yang baru ditaklukkan, dan asas untuk misi dan pendaptaran. Mereka adalah utama dan kadang-kadang hanya pos pendidikan dan literasi di rantau. Banyak manuskrip yang tersisa dari klasik Latin disalin di biara-biara pada Zaman Pertengahan Awal. Monks juga merupakan pengarang karya baru, termasuk sejarah, teologi, dan subjek lain, yang ditulis oleh penulis seperti Bede (735), yang berasal dari utara England yang menulis di akhir abad ke-7 dan awal abad ke-8. <> Apakah gaya hidup agama timbul pada Abad Pertengahan Awal? || monastik <> Siapa perintis cenobitism? || Pachomius <> Siapa yang membuat Peraturan Benediktin? || Benediktus of Nursia <> Dari apa bahagian England yang datang Bede datang? || utara <> Apakah tajuk pemimpin sebuah biara? || abbot", {"qas": [{"question": "What religious lifestyle arose in the Early Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb67c88ddada1400cd63d7", "answers": [{"text": "monasticism", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the pioneer of cenobitism?", "id": "56fb67c88ddada1400cd63d8", "answers": [{"text": "Pachomius", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who composed the Benedictine Rule?", "id": "56fb67c88ddada1400cd63d9", "answers": [{"text": "Benedict of Nursia", "answer_start": 530}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what part of England did Bede come?", "id": "56fb67c88ddada1400cd63da", "answers": [{"text": "northern", "answer_start": 1350}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the title of the leader of a monastery?", "id": "56fb67c88ddada1400cd63db", "answers": [{"text": "abbot", "answer_start": 727}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Early Middle Ages witnessed the rise of monasticism in the West. The shape of European monasticism was determined by traditions and ideas that originated with the Desert Fathers of Egypt and Syria. Most European monasteries were of the type that focuses on community experience of the spiritual life, called cenobitism, which was pioneered by Pachomius (d. 348) in the 4th century. Monastic ideals spread from Egypt to Western Europe in the 5th and 6th centuries through hagiographical literature such as the Life of Anthony. Benedict of Nursia (d. 547) wrote the Benedictine Rule for Western monasticism during the 6th century, detailing the administrative and spiritual responsibilities of a community of monks led by an abbot. Monks and monasteries had a deep effect on the religious and political life of the Early Middle Ages, in various cases acting as land trusts for powerful families, centres of propaganda and royal support in newly conquered regions, and bases for missions and proselytisation. They were the main and sometimes only outposts of education and literacy in a region. Many of the surviving manuscripts of the Latin classics were copied in monasteries in the Early Middle Ages. Monks were also the authors of new works, including history, theology, and other subjects, written by authors such as Bede (d. 735), a native of northern England who wrote in the late 7th and early 8th centuries."}], ["Perpindahan dan pencerobohan abad ke-4 dan ke-5 mengganggu rangkaian perdagangan di sekitar Mediterranean. Barang-barang Afrika berhenti diimport ke Eropah, pertama menghilang dari pedalaman dan pada abad ke-7 hanya terdapat di beberapa kota seperti Roma atau Naples. Menjelang akhir abad ke-7, di bawah kesan penaklukan orang Islam, produk Afrika tidak lagi dijumpai di Eropah Barat. Penggantian barang dari perdagangan jarak jauh dengan produk tempatan adalah trend di seluruh tanah Rom lama yang terjadi pada Zaman Pertengahan Awal. Ini khusus ditandai di tanah-tanah yang tidak terletak di Mediterranean, seperti utara Gaul atau Britain. Barang bukan tempatan yang terdapat dalam rekod arkeologi biasanya barang-barang mewah. Di bahagian utara Eropah, bukan sahaja rangkaian perdagangan tempatan, tetapi barangan yang dibawa adalah mudah, dengan sedikit tembikar atau produk kompleks lain. Sekitar Mediterranean, tembikar tetap lazim dan nampaknya telah didagangkan melalui rangkaian jarak sederhana, bukan hanya dihasilkan secara tempatan. <> Bersama dengan Naples, kota apa yang masih diniagakan barang-barang Afrika pada abad ke-7? || Roma <> Apa acara yang membawa kepada barangan Afrika yang tidak lagi didagangkan di Eropah Barat menjelang akhir abad ke-7? || Penangkapan orang Islam <> Apa barangan bukan tempatan yang mempunyai arkeolog yang biasa dijumpai di Britain pada zaman ini? || barangan mewah", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Naples, what city still traded African goods in the 7th century?", "id": "56fb6623b28b3419009f1d1c", "answers": [{"text": "Rome", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What event led to African goods no longer being traded in Western Europe by the end of the 7th century?", "id": "56fb6623b28b3419009f1d1d", "answers": [{"text": "Muslim conquests", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What non-local goods have archaeologists typically found in Britain of this era?", "id": "56fb6623b28b3419009f1d1e", "answers": [{"text": "luxury goods", "answer_start": 730}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The migrations and invasions of the 4th and 5th centuries disrupted trade networks around the Mediterranean. African goods stopped being imported into Europe, first disappearing from the interior and by the 7th century found only in a few cities such as Rome or Naples. By the end of the 7th century, under the impact of the Muslim conquests, African products were no longer found in Western Europe. The replacement of goods from long-range trade with local products was a trend throughout the old Roman lands that happened in the Early Middle Ages. This was especially marked in the lands that did not lie on the Mediterranean, such as northern Gaul or Britain. Non-local goods appearing in the archaeological record are usually luxury goods. In the northern parts of Europe, not only were the trade networks local, but the goods carried were simple, with little pottery or other complex products. Around the Mediterranean, pottery remained prevalent and appears to have been traded over medium-range networks, not just produced locally."}], ["Struktur gereja Empayar Rom terselamatkan pergerakan dan pencerobohan di barat kebanyakannya utuh, tetapi kepausan tidak dipandang sedikit, dan beberapa uskup barat memandang ke uskup Roma untuk kepemimpinan agama atau politik. Kebanyakan paus sebelum 750 lebih peduli dengan urusan Byzantine dan kontroversi teologi timur. Daftar, atau salinan yang diarsipkan dari surat, Paus Gregory the Great (Paus 590-604) terselamat, dan lebih daripada 850 surat, kebanyakannya terlibat dalam urusan di Itali atau Constantinople. Satu-satunya bahagian dari Eropah Barat yang mana pengaruh kepausan adalah Britain, di mana Gregory telah menghantar misi Gregorian pada tahun 597 untuk menukar Anglo-Saxon kepada Kekristianan. Para mubaligh Ireland paling aktif di Eropah Barat antara abad ke-5 dan abad ke-7, pergi ke England dan Scotland dan kemudian ke benua. Di bawah sami-sami seperti Columba (d. 597) dan Columbanus (d 615), mereka mendirikan biara, diajar dalam bahasa Latin dan Yunani, dan menulis karya-karya sekular dan agama. <> Bilakah Gregory the Great menjadi paus? || 590 <> Berapa banyak daripada surat Gregory yang berkenaan dengan Constantinople atau Itali? || 850 <> Di mana rantau Eropah Barat pengaruh paus? || Britain <> Bilakah perjalanan misi Gregorian ke Britain? || 597 <> Bilakah Columbanus mati? || 615", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Gregory the Great become pope?", "id": "56fb673d8ddada1400cd63cd", "answers": [{"text": "590", "answer_start": 442}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many of Gregory's letters were concerned with Constantinople or Italy?", "id": "56fb673d8ddada1400cd63ce", "answers": [{"text": "850", "answer_start": 484}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what region of Western Europe did the pope have influence?", "id": "56fb673d8ddada1400cd63cf", "answers": [{"text": "Britain", "answer_start": 638}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Gregorian mission travel to Britain?", "id": "56fb673d8ddada1400cd63d0", "answers": [{"text": "597", "answer_start": 695}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Columbanus die?", "id": "56fb673d8ddada1400cd63d1", "answers": [{"text": "615", "answer_start": 959}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Empire survived the movements and invasions in the west mostly intact, but the papacy was little regarded, and few of the western bishops looked to the bishop of Rome for religious or political leadership. Many of the popes prior to 750 were more concerned with Byzantine affairs and eastern theological controversies. The register, or archived copies of the letters, of Pope Gregory the Great (pope 590\u2013604) survived, and of those more than 850 letters, the vast majority were concerned with affairs in Italy or Constantinople. The only part of Western Europe where the papacy had influence was Britain, where Gregory had sent the Gregorian mission in 597 to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity. Irish missionaries were most active in Western Europe between the 5th and the 7th centuries, going first to England and Scotland and then on to the continent. Under such monks as Columba (d. 597) and Columbanus (d. 615), they founded monasteries, taught in Latin and Greek, and authored secular and religious works."}], ["Dinasti Carolingian, sebagai pengganti kepada Charles Martel diketahui, secara rasmi menguasai kerajaan-kerajaan Austrasia dan Neustria dalam kudeta 753 yang dipimpin oleh Pippin III (752-768). Sebuah kronik kontemporari mendakwa bahawa Pippin mencari, dan memperoleh kuasa untuk kudeta ini dari Paus Stephen II (paus 752-757). Pengambilalihan Pippin diperkuat dengan propaganda yang menggambarkan Merovingians sebagai penguasa yang tidak cekap atau kejam, meninggikan pencapaian Charles Martel, dan menyebarkan kisah ketakwaan yang hebat dari keluarga itu. Pada masa kematiannya pada tahun 768, Pippin meninggalkan kerajaannya di tangan kedua anaknya, Charles (768-814) dan Carloman (768-771). Apabila Carloman meninggal akibat sebab semula jadi, Charles menyekat penggantian anak muda Carloman dan memasang dirinya sebagai raja Austrasia dan Neustria yang bersatu. Charles, yang lebih sering dikenali sebagai Charles the Great atau Charlemagne, memulakan program pengembangan sistematik pada 774 yang menyatukan sebahagian besar Eropah, akhirnya menguasai Perancis moden, Itali utara, dan Saxony. Dalam peperangan yang berlanjutan melepasi 800, beliau memberi ganjaran sekutu dengan rampasan perang dan memerintahkan lebih banyak tanah. Pada tahun 774, Charlemagne menaklukkan Lombard, yang membebaskan kepausan daripada ketakutan penaklukan Lombard dan menandakan permulaan Negara-negara Kepausan. [L] <> Apa dinasti yang terdiri daripada keturunan Charles Martel? || Carolingian <> Dalam tahun berapakah Carolingians mengambil alih Neustria? || 753 <> Yang mengetuai rampasan kuasa yang menguasai Austrasia? || Pippin III <> Bilakah Stephen II menjadi paus? || 752 <> Bersama dengan Charles, yang merupakan anak lelaki Pippin? || Carloman", {"qas": [{"question": "What dynasty consisted of descendants of Charles Martel?", "id": "56fb691a8ddada1400cd63eb", "answers": [{"text": "Carolingian", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Carolingians take over Neustria?", "id": "56fb691a8ddada1400cd63ec", "answers": [{"text": "753", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who led the coup that gained control over Austrasia?", "id": "56fb691a8ddada1400cd63ed", "answers": [{"text": "Pippin III", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Stephen II become pope?", "id": "56fb691a8ddada1400cd63ee", "answers": [{"text": "752", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Charles, who was the son of Pippin?", "id": "56fb691a8ddada1400cd63ef", "answers": [{"text": "Carloman", "answer_start": 630}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Carolingian dynasty, as the successors to Charles Martel are known, officially took control of the kingdoms of Austrasia and Neustria in a coup of 753 led by Pippin III (r. 752\u2013768). A contemporary chronicle claims that Pippin sought, and gained, authority for this coup from Pope Stephen II (pope 752\u2013757). Pippin's takeover was reinforced with propaganda that portrayed the Merovingians as inept or cruel rulers, exalted the accomplishments of Charles Martel, and circulated stories of the family's great piety. At the time of his death in 768, Pippin left his kingdom in the hands of his two sons, Charles (r. 768\u2013814) and Carloman (r. 768\u2013771). When Carloman died of natural causes, Charles blocked the succession of Carloman's young son and installed himself as the king of the united Austrasia and Neustria. Charles, more often known as Charles the Great or Charlemagne, embarked upon a programme of systematic expansion in 774 that unified a large portion of Europe, eventually controlling modern-day France, northern Italy, and Saxony. In the wars that lasted beyond 800, he rewarded allies with war booty and command over parcels of land. In 774, Charlemagne conquered the Lombards, which freed the papacy from the fear of Lombard conquest and marked the beginnings of the Papal States.[L]"}], ["Kepercayaan agama di Empayar Timur dan Persia berada pada fluks pada abad ke-6 dan awal abad ke-7. Jemaatisme adalah agama yang aktif, dan sekurang-kurangnya seorang pemimpin politik Arab memeluknya. [J] Kekristianan mempunyai misi aktif yang bersaing dengan Zoroastrianisme Persia dalam mencari penukar, terutama di kalangan penduduk Semenanjung Arab. Semua helai ini datang bersama dengan kemunculan Islam di Arabia semasa zaman Muhammad (632). Selepas kematiannya, pasukan Islam menakluki banyak Empayar Timur dan Persia, bermula dengan Syria pada 634-635 dan mencapai Mesir pada 640-641, Persia antara 637 dan 642, Afrika Utara pada abad ke-7 kemudian, Semenanjung Iberia pada tahun 711 Dengan 714, pasukan Islam menguasai sebahagian besar semenanjung di kawasan yang mereka panggil Al-Andalus. <> Apakah etnik seorang pemimpin yang memeluk agama Yahudi dalam zaman ini? || Arab <> Apakah agama yang dominan Persia sebelum Islam? || Zoroastrianism <> Dalam apa yang dikatakan Muhammad? || 632 <> Dalam apa tempoh tentera Islam menakluki Syria? || 634-635 <> Dalam abad berapa orang Muslim menakluki Afrika Utara? || 7th", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the ethnicity of a leader who converted to Judaism in this era?", "id": "56fb6507b28b3419009f1d08", "answers": [{"text": "Arab", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the dominant religion of Persia before Islam?", "id": "56fb6507b28b3419009f1d09", "answers": [{"text": "Zoroastrianism", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what yer did Muhammad die?", "id": "56fb6507b28b3419009f1d0a", "answers": [{"text": "632", "answer_start": 468}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what period did Islamic armies conquer Syria?", "id": "56fb6507b28b3419009f1d0b", "answers": [{"text": "634\u2013635", "answer_start": 578}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did Muslims conquer North Africa?", "id": "56fb6507b28b3419009f1d0c", "answers": [{"text": "7th", "answer_start": 671}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Religious beliefs in the Eastern Empire and Persia were in flux during the late 6th and early 7th centuries. Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to it.[J] Christianity had active missions competing with the Persians' Zoroastrianism in seeking converts, especially among residents of the Arabian Peninsula. All these strands came together with the emergence of Islam in Arabia during the lifetime of Muhammad (d. 632). After his death, Islamic forces conquered much of the Eastern Empire and Persia, starting with Syria in 634\u2013635 and reaching Egypt in 640\u2013641, Persia between 637 and 642, North Africa in the later 7th century, and the Iberian Peninsula in 711. By 714, Islamic forces controlled much of the peninsula in a region they called Al-Andalus."}], ["Beberapa bangunan batu besar dibina antara basilicas Constantinian abad ke-4 dan abad ke-8, walaupun banyak yang lebih kecil dibina pada abad ke-6 dan ke-7. Pada permulaan abad ke-8, Empayar Carolingian menghidupkan semula bentuk arsitektur basilica. Salah satu ciri basilica ialah penggunaan transept, atau \"senjata\" bangunan berbentuk salib yang berserenjang dengan nave panjang. Ciri-ciri baru seni bina agama termasuk menara persimpangan dan pintu masuk monumental ke gereja, biasanya di hujung barat bangunan. <> Bilakah basilicas Constantinian dibina? || Abad ke-4 <> Di bahagian gereja apakah pintu masuk monumental biasanya diletakkan? || akhir barat <> Apa jenis seni bina yang dihasilkan oleh Carolingian Empire kembali digunakan? || basilica <> Apa ciri seni bina yang ketara dari basilica? || transept <> Bagaimana transept diposisikan berhubung dengan nave? || berserenjang", {"qas": [{"question": "When were the Constantinian basilicas built?", "id": "56fb7572b28b3419009f1d66", "answers": [{"text": "4th century", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what part of the church was the monumental entrance typically placed?", "id": "56fb7572b28b3419009f1d67", "answers": [{"text": "the west end", "answer_start": 554}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of architecture did the Carolingian Empire bring back into use?", "id": "56fb7572b28b3419009f1d68", "answers": [{"text": "the basilica", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a notable architectural feature of the basilica?", "id": "56fb7572b28b3419009f1d69", "answers": [{"text": "transept", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is the transept positioned in relation to the nave?", "id": "56fb7572b28b3419009f1d6a", "answers": [{"text": "perpendicular", "answer_start": 398}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Few large stone buildings were constructed between the Constantinian basilicas of the 4th century and the 8th century, although many smaller ones were built during the 6th and 7th centuries. By the beginning of the 8th century, the Carolingian Empire revived the basilica form of architecture. One feature of the basilica is the use of a transept, or the \"arms\" of a cross-shaped building that are perpendicular to the long nave. Other new features of religious architecture include the crossing tower and a monumental entrance to the church, usually at the west end of the building."}], ["Upaya misionaris ke Scandinavia selama abad ke-9 dan ke-10 membantu memperkuat pertumbuhan kerajaan seperti Swedia, Denmark, dan Norwegia, yang memperoleh kekuasaan dan wilayah. Sesetengah raja memeluk agama Kristian, walaupun tidak semua oleh 1000. Scandinavia juga berkembang dan dijajah di seluruh Eropah. Selain penempatan di Ireland, England, dan Normandy, penempatan lebih lanjut berlaku di Rusia dan di Iceland. Peniaga-peniaga dan penyerang Sweden menyusuri sungai-sungai padang rumput Rusia, dan juga cuba merampas Constantinople pada tahun 860 dan 907. Kristian Sepanyol, pada awalnya didorong ke dalam sekelompok kecil semenanjung di utara, berkembang perlahan-lahan di selatan pada abad ke-9 dan ke-10, menubuhkan kerajaan Asturias dan Le\u00f3n. <> Bersama dengan Sweden dan Norway, negara apa yang melihat kegiatan mubaligh di abad ke-9 dan ke-10? || Denmark <> Bersama dengan 860, dalam tahun apakah perompak Sweden cuba menakluki Constantinople? || 907 <> Bersama dengan kerajaan Le\u00f3n, apa kerajaan Sepanyol ditubuhkan pada masa ini? || Asturias <> Bersama dengan Iceland, Normandy, Ireland dan England, apa kawasan lain yang Sconesians mengolonkan dalam tempoh ini? || Rusia", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Sweden and Norway, what country saw missionary activity in the 9th and 10th centuries?", "id": "56fb7490b28b3419009f1d5e", "answers": [{"text": "Denmark", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with 860, in what year did Swedish raiders attempt to conquer Constantinople?", "id": "56fb7490b28b3419009f1d5f", "answers": [{"text": "907", "answer_start": 560}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the kingdom of Le\u00f3n, what Spanish kingdom was established during this period?", "id": "56fb7490b28b3419009f1d60", "answers": [{"text": "Asturias", "answer_start": 737}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Iceland, Normandy, Ireland and England, what other area did Scandinavians colonize during this period?", "id": "56fb7490b28b3419009f1d61", "answers": [{"text": "Russia", "answer_start": 409}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Missionary efforts to Scandinavia during the 9th and 10th centuries helped strengthen the growth of kingdoms such as Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, which gained power and territory. Some kings converted to Christianity, although not all by 1000. Scandinavians also expanded and colonised throughout Europe. Besides the settlements in Ireland, England, and Normandy, further settlement took place in what became Russia and in Iceland. Swedish traders and raiders ranged down the rivers of the Russian steppe, and even attempted to seize Constantinople in 860 and 907. Christian Spain, initially driven into a small section of the peninsula in the north, expanded slowly south during the 9th and 10th centuries, establishing the kingdoms of Asturias and Le\u00f3n."}], ["Pemisahan Empayar Carolingian disertai oleh serangan, migrasi, dan serbuan oleh musuh luar. Laut Atlantik dan utara diganggu oleh Viking, yang juga menyerang Kepulauan British dan menetap di sana serta di Iceland. Pada 911, ketua Viking Rollo (dc 931) mendapat kebenaran daripada Frank Charles King Simple (r 898-922) untuk menyelesaikan apa yang menjadi Normandy. [Q] Bahagian timur kerajaan Frank, terutama Jerman dan Itali, di bawah serangan Magyar berterusan sehingga kekalahan penceroboh di Pertempuran Lechfeld pada tahun 955. Pemisahan dinasti Abbasiyah bermaksud bahawa dunia Islam berpecah kepada negara-negara politik yang lebih kecil, beberapa di antaranya mula berkembang ke Itali dan Sicily, dan juga di Pyrenees ke bahagian selatan kerajaan Frank. <> Kumpulan apa yang diselesaikan di Iceland dalam tempoh ini? || The Vikings <> Siapa raja Franks pada tahun 899? || Charles yang Mudah <> Dalam apa rantau moden Perancis yang membuat Vikings menetap? || Normandy <> Kelompok mana yang dikalahkan di Pertempuran Lechfeld? || Magyar <> Dalam tahun apakah Pertempuran Lechfeld berlaku? || 955", {"qas": [{"question": "What group settled in Iceland during this period?", "id": "56fb73b5b28b3419009f1d4a", "answers": [{"text": "the Vikings", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was king of the Franks in 899?", "id": "56fb73b5b28b3419009f1d4b", "answers": [{"text": "Charles the Simple", "answer_start": 336}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what region of modern-day France did the Vikings settle?", "id": "56fb73b5b28b3419009f1d4c", "answers": [{"text": "Normandy", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group was defeated at the Battle of Lechfeld?", "id": "56fb73b5b28b3419009f1d4d", "answers": [{"text": "Magyar", "answer_start": 501}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Battle of Lechfeld occur?", "id": "56fb73b5b28b3419009f1d4e", "answers": [{"text": "955", "answer_start": 572}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The breakup of the Carolingian Empire was accompanied by invasions, migrations, and raids by external foes. The Atlantic and northern shores were harassed by the Vikings, who also raided the British Isles and settled there as well as in Iceland. In 911, the Viking chieftain Rollo (d. c. 931) received permission from the Frankish King Charles the Simple (r. 898\u2013922) to settle in what became Normandy.[Q] The eastern parts of the Frankish kingdoms, especially Germany and Italy, were under continual Magyar assault until the invader's defeat at the Battle of Lechfeld in 955. The breakup of the Abbasid dynasty meant that the Islamic world fragmented into smaller political states, some of which began expanding into Italy and Sicily, as well as over the Pyrenees into the southern parts of the Frankish kingdoms."}], ["Perang saudara selama tiga tahun diikuti kematiannya. Oleh Perjanjian Verdun (843), sebuah kerajaan antara sungai Rhine dan Rhone dicipta untuk Lothair untuk pergi dengan tanah-tanahnya di Itali, dan gelaran kekaisarannya diiktiraf. Louis orang Jerman menguasai Bavaria dan tanah-tanah timur di Jerman moden. Charles the Bald menerima tanah barat Frank, yang merangkumi sebahagian besar Perancis moden. Cucu-cucu Charlemagne dan cucu-cucu membahagi-bahagikan kerajaan mereka di antara keturunan mereka, akhirnya menyebabkan semua perpaduan dalaman hilang. [N] Pada tahun 987 dinasti Carolingian diganti di tanah barat, dengan penantian Hugh Capet (tahun 987-996) sebagai raja. [O] [P] Di tanah timur, dinasti telah mati sebelum ini, pada tahun 911, dengan kematian Louis the Child, dan pemilihan Conrad I yang tidak berkaitan (911-918) sebagai raja. <> Berapa tahun perang saudara selepas kematian Louis the Pious yang terakhir? || tiga <> Antara dua sungai yang Lothair menerima kerajaan? || The Rhine and Rhone <> Di negara moden apa Louis tanah Jerman? || Jerman <> Di negara moden apakah tanah Charles the Bald? || Perancis <> Bilakah Louis Kanak-kanak mati? || 911", {"qas": [{"question": "How many years did the civil war after the death of Louis the Pious last?", "id": "56fb733cb28b3419009f1d40", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 2}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Between what two rivers did Lothair receive a kingdom?", "id": "56fb733cb28b3419009f1d41", "answers": [{"text": "the Rhine and Rhone", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what modern country were Louis the German's lands?", "id": "56fb733cb28b3419009f1d42", "answers": [{"text": "Germany", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what modern country were Charles the Bald's lands?", "id": "56fb733cb28b3419009f1d43", "answers": [{"text": "France", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Louis the Child die?", "id": "56fb733cb28b3419009f1d44", "answers": [{"text": "911", "answer_start": 727}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A three-year civil war followed his death. By the Treaty of Verdun (843), a kingdom between the Rhine and Rhone rivers was created for Lothair to go with his lands in Italy, and his imperial title was recognised. Louis the German was in control of Bavaria and the eastern lands in modern-day Germany. Charles the Bald received the western Frankish lands, comprising most of modern-day France. Charlemagne's grandsons and great-grandsons divided their kingdoms between their descendants, eventually causing all internal cohesion to be lost.[N] In 987 the Carolingian dynasty was replaced in the western lands, with the crowning of Hugh Capet (r. 987\u2013996) as king.[O][P] In the eastern lands the dynasty had died out earlier, in 911, with the death of Louis the Child, and the selection of the unrelated Conrad I (r. 911\u2013918) as king."}], ["Semasa Empayar Rom yang kemudian, perkembangan tentera utama adalah usaha untuk mencipta pasukan kavaleri yang berkesan serta perkembangan pasukan tentera yang sangat khusus. Penciptaan askar-askar jenis cataphract bersenjata berat sebagai kavaleri adalah ciri penting tentera Rom abad ke-5. Kesemua suku yang menyerang mempunyai penekanan yang berbeza terhadap jenis askar-yang terdiri daripada penyerang Anglo-Saxon terutamanya infantri Britain ke Vandals dan Visigoths, yang mempunyai banyak berkuda di tentera mereka. Semasa tempoh pencerobohan awal, pelanggar tidak diperkenalkan ke dalam peperangan, yang mengehadkan kegunaan pasukan berkuda sebagai pasukan kejutan kerana tidak mungkin untuk meletakkan daya kuda dan pelumba di belakang pukulan yang dilanda oleh pelumba. Perubahan terbesar dalam hal ehwal ketenteraan semasa tempoh pencerobohan adalah penggunaan busur komposit Hunnic sebagai pengganti busur komposit Scythian yang lebih awal dan lemah. Satu lagi perkembangan adalah peningkatan penggunaan longswords dan penggantian perisai skala yang progresif dengan perisai mel dan armor lamellar. <> Apakah cabang ketenteraan utama tentera Anglo-Saxon? || infantri <> Apa senjata ketenteraan yang Visigoths mempunyai sejumlah besar? || Pasukan berkuda <> Apa senjata Scythian yang digunakan pada zaman ini? || busur komposit <> Senjata apa yang menggantikan busur komposit Scythian? || Busur komposit Hunnic <> Bersama dengan perisai lamellar, perisai apa yang diganti perisai skala? || mel", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the primary military arm of Anglo-Saxon armies?", "id": "56fb76b08ddada1400cd6413", "answers": [{"text": "infantry", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What military arm did the Visigoths have a large amount of?", "id": "56fb76b08ddada1400cd6414", "answers": [{"text": "cavalry", "answer_start": 522}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Scythian weapon was used during this era?", "id": "56fb76b08ddada1400cd6415", "answers": [{"text": "composite bow", "answer_start": 952}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What weapon replaced the Scythian composite bow?", "id": "56fb76b08ddada1400cd6416", "answers": [{"text": "Hunnic composite bow", "answer_start": 885}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with lamellar armor, what armor replaced scale armor?", "id": "56fb76b08ddada1400cd6417", "answers": [{"text": "mail", "answer_start": 1075}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the later Roman Empire, the principal military developments were attempts to create an effective cavalry force as well as the continued development of highly specialised types of troops. The creation of heavily armoured cataphract-type soldiers as cavalry was an important feature of the 5th-century Roman military. The various invading tribes had differing emphasis on types of soldiers\u2014ranging from the primarily infantry Anglo-Saxon invaders of Britain to the Vandals and Visigoths, who had a high proportion of cavalry in their armies. During the early invasion period, the stirrup had not been introduced into warfare, which limited the usefulness of cavalry as shock troops because it was not possible to put the full force of the horse and rider behind blows struck by the rider. The greatest change in military affairs during the invasion period was the adoption of the Hunnic composite bow in place of the earlier, and weaker, Scythian composite bow. Another development was the increasing use of longswords and the progressive replacement of scale armour by mail armour and lamellar armour."}], ["Di Eropah Timur, Byzantium menghidupkan kembali kekayaannya di bawah Maharaja Basil I (r 867-886) dan penggantinya Leo VI (886-912) dan Constantine VII (rd 913-959), anggota dinasti Macedonia. Perdagangan dihidupkan kembali dan maharaja menyelia perlanjutan pentadbiran seragam ke semua wilayah. Tentera telah disusun semula, yang membenarkan empayar John I (r.969-976) dan Basil II (r. 976-1025) memperluas sempadan empayar di semua bidang. Mahkamah kekaisaran adalah pusat kebangkitan pembelajaran klasik, sebuah proses yang dikenali sebagai Renaissance Makedonia. Penulis seperti John Geometres (awal abad ke-10) terdiri daripada himne baru, puisi, dan karya-karya lain. Usaha misi oleh para ulama timur dan barat mengakibatkan penukaran Moravian, Bulgars, Bohemians, Pole, Magyars, dan penduduk Slavic dari Kievan Rus '. Penukaran ini menyumbang kepada penubuhan negara-negara politik di tanah orang-orang-negeri Moravia, Bulgaria, Bohemia, Poland, Hungary, dan Kievan Rus '. Bulgaria, yang diasaskan sekitar 680, pada ketinggiannya mencapai dari Budapest ke Laut Hitam dan dari Sungai Dnieper di Ukraine moden ke Laut Adriatik. Menjelang 1018, bangsawan Bulgaria yang terakhir telah menyerah kepada Empayar Byzantium. <> Daripada apa dinasti itu adalah ahli Leo VI? || Macedonian <> Semasa apa tempoh pemerintahan Constantine VII? || 913-959 <> Bilakah peraturan Basil saya bermula? || 867 <> Selama abad apa John Geometres berkembang? || 10th <> Berapa tahun yang dibentuk Bulgaria? || 680", {"qas": [{"question": "Of what dynasty was Leo VI a member?", "id": "56fb74e58ddada1400cd6409", "answers": [{"text": "Macedonian", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what period did Constantine VII reign?", "id": "56fb74e58ddada1400cd640a", "answers": [{"text": "913\u2013959", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Basil I's rule begin?", "id": "56fb74e58ddada1400cd640b", "answers": [{"text": "867", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what century did John Geometres flourish?", "id": "56fb74e58ddada1400cd640c", "answers": [{"text": "10th", "answer_start": 615}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In approximately what year was Bulgaria founded?", "id": "56fb74e58ddada1400cd640d", "answers": [{"text": "680", "answer_start": 1062}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Eastern Europe, Byzantium revived its fortunes under Emperor Basil I (r. 867\u2013886) and his successors Leo VI (r. 886\u2013912) and Constantine VII (r. 913\u2013959), members of the Macedonian dynasty. Commerce revived and the emperors oversaw the extension of a uniform administration to all the provinces. The military was reorganised, which allowed the emperors John I (r. 969\u2013976) and Basil II (r. 976\u20131025) to expand the frontiers of the empire on all fronts. The imperial court was the centre of a revival of classical learning, a process known as the Macedonian Renaissance. Writers such as John Geometres (fl. early 10th century) composed new hymns, poems, and other works. Missionary efforts by both eastern and western clergy resulted in the conversion of the Moravians, Bulgars, Bohemians, Poles, Magyars, and Slavic inhabitants of the Kievan Rus'. These conversions contributed to the founding of political states in the lands of those peoples\u2014the states of Moravia, Bulgaria, Bohemia, Poland, Hungary, and the Kievan Rus'. Bulgaria, which was founded around 680, at its height reached from Budapest to the Black Sea and from the Dnieper River in modern Ukraine to the Adriatic Sea. By 1018, the last Bulgarian nobles had surrendered to the Byzantine Empire."}], ["Charlemagne merancang untuk meneruskan tradisi Frank untuk membahagikan kerajaannya di antara semua pewarisnya, tetapi tidak dapat melakukannya kerana hanya seorang anak lelaki, Louis the Pious (rm 814-840), masih hidup pada tahun 813. Sebelum Charlemagne meninggal pada tahun 814 , dia memahkotai Louis sebagai penggantinya. Pemerintahan Louis selama 26 tahun ditandai dengan banyak bahagian empayar di antara anak-anaknya dan, selepas 829, peperangan sivil antara pelbagai pakatan bapa dan anak-anak di atas kawalan pelbagai bahagian empayar. Akhirnya, Louis mengiktiraf anak lelaki sulungnya Lothair I (855) sebagai maharaja dan memberinya Itali. Louis membahagi seluruh empayar antara Lothair dan Charles the Bald (anak 877), anak bungsunya. Lothair mengambil Francia Timur, yang terdiri daripada kedua-dua tebing Rhine dan ke timur, meninggalkan Charles West Francia dengan empayar di barat Rhineland dan Alpen. Louis, Jerman (dl 876), anak tengah, yang telah memberontak kepada yang terakhir, dibenarkan menjaga Bavaria di bawah kekuasaan saudara lelakinya. Bahagian ini dipertikaikan. Pepin II dari Aquitaine (d. Selepas 864), cucu kaisar, memberontak dalam pertandingan untuk Aquitaine, sementara Louis Jerman cuba untuk merangkumi semua Francia Timur. Louis the Pious meninggal pada tahun 840, dengan kerajaan masih dalam kekacauan. <> Siapakah anak tunggal Charlemagne yang hidup pada tahun 813? || Louis the Pious <> Berapa lama masa pemerintahan Louis? || 26 tahun <> Bilakah zaman pemerintahan Louis the Pious berakhir? || 840 <> Yang memerintah Itali selepas Louis the Pious? || Lothair I <> Siapa anak pertengahan Louis the Pious? || Louis orang Jerman", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was Charlemagne's only living son in 813?", "id": "56fb72beb28b3419009f1d36", "answers": [{"text": "Louis the Pious", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did Louis the Pious reign?", "id": "56fb72beb28b3419009f1d37", "answers": [{"text": "26 years", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the reign of Louis the Pious end?", "id": "56fb72beb28b3419009f1d38", "answers": [{"text": "840", "answer_start": 167}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who ruled Italy after Louis the Pious?", "id": "56fb72beb28b3419009f1d39", "answers": [{"text": "Lothair I", "answer_start": 522}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the middle son of Louis the Pious?", "id": "56fb72beb28b3419009f1d3a", "answers": [{"text": "Louis the German", "answer_start": 839}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Charlemagne planned to continue the Frankish tradition of dividing his kingdom between all his heirs, but was unable to do so as only one son, Louis the Pious (r. 814\u2013840), was still alive by 813. Just before Charlemagne died in 814, he crowned Louis as his successor. Louis's reign of 26 years was marked by numerous divisions of the empire among his sons and, after 829, civil wars between various alliances of father and sons over the control of various parts of the empire. Eventually, Louis recognised his eldest son Lothair I (d. 855) as emperor and gave him Italy. Louis divided the rest of the empire between Lothair and Charles the Bald (d. 877), his youngest son. Lothair took East Francia, comprising both banks of the Rhine and eastwards, leaving Charles West Francia with the empire to the west of the Rhineland and the Alps. Louis the German (d. 876), the middle child, who had been rebellious to the last, was allowed to keep Bavaria under the suzerainty of his elder brother. The division was disputed. Pepin II of Aquitaine (d. after 864), the emperor's grandson, rebelled in a contest for Aquitaine, while Louis the German tried to annex all of East Francia. Louis the Pious died in 840, with the empire still in chaos."}], ["Mahkamah Charlemagne di Aachen adalah pusat kebangkitan budaya yang kadang-kadang disebut sebagai \"Renaissance Carolingian\". Melek huruf meningkat, seperti juga perkembangan seni, seni bina dan perundangan, serta kajian liturgi dan kitab suci. Lantang Bahasa Inggeris Alcuin (tahun 804) telah diundang ke Aachen dan membawa pendidikan yang tersedia di biara-biara Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery-atau menulis pejabat-menggunakan skrip baru hari ini dikenali sebagai Carolingian minuscule, [M] membolehkan gaya penulisan yang biasa yang maju komunikasi di banyak Eropah. Charlemagne menaja perubahan dalam liturgi gereja, memaksimumkan bentuk perkhidmatan gereja di rantaunya, serta gereja Gregorian dalam muzik liturgi untuk gereja-gereja. Aktiviti penting bagi para ulama dalam tempoh ini ialah menyalin, membetulkan, dan menyebarkan karya-karya asas mengenai topik-topik agama dan sekular, dengan tujuan menggalakkan pembelajaran. Kerja-kerja baru mengenai topik agama dan buku-buku sekolah juga dihasilkan. Grammarians dalam tempoh itu mengubah bahasa Latin, mengubahnya dari Latin Klasik Empayar Rom menjadi bentuk yang lebih fleksibel untuk memenuhi keperluan gereja dan kerajaan. Dengan pemerintahan Charlemagne, bahasa itu telah menyimpang dari klasik yang kemudiannya dipanggil Latin Abad Pertengahan. <> Di mana pengadilan Charlemagne didasarkan? || Aachen <> Apakah nama kebangkitan budaya yang dikaitkan dengan Charlemagne? || Carolingian Renaissance <> Of what ethnicity was Alcuin? || Bahasa Inggeris <> Dalam tahun apakah Alcuin mati? || 804 <> Apakah era Latin dari zaman Charlemagne yang kemudiannya dikenali sebagai? || Latin abad pertengahan", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was Charlemagne's court based?", "id": "56fb72668ddada1400cd63ff", "answers": [{"text": "Aachen", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the cultural revival associated with Charlemagne?", "id": "56fb72668ddada1400cd6400", "answers": [{"text": "Carolingian Renaissance", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of what ethnicity was Alcuin?", "id": "56fb72668ddada1400cd6401", "answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Alcuin die?", "id": "56fb72668ddada1400cd6402", "answers": [{"text": "804", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Latin of Charlemagne's era later known as?", "id": "56fb72668ddada1400cd6403", "answers": [{"text": "Medieval Latin", "answer_start": 1287}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery\u2014or writing office\u2014made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin."}], ["Upaya oleh raja-raja tempatan untuk memerangi penceroboh menyebabkan pembentukan entiti politik baru. Di England Anglo-Saxon, King Alfred the Great (rm 871-899) telah mencapai persetujuan dengan penceroboh Viking pada akhir abad ke-9, mengakibatkan penempatan Denmark di Northumbria, Mercia, dan sebahagian Anglia Timur. Pada pertengahan abad ke-10, pengganti Alfred telah menakluki Northumbria, dan mengembalikan kawalan Inggeris ke sebahagian besar bahagian selatan Great Britain. Di utara Britain, Kenneth MacAlpin (gambar 860) menyatukan Pict dan Scots ke Kerajaan Alba. Pada awal abad ke-10, dinasti Ottonian telah menubuhkan dirinya di Jerman, dan terlibat dalam memandu kembali Magyars. Usaha-usahanya memuncak dalam penobatan di 962 Otto I (rd 936-973) sebagai Kaisar Rom Suci. Pada tahun 972, dia memperoleh pengiktirafan gelarannya oleh Empayar Byzantine, yang dimeteraikan dengan perkahwinan anaknya Otto II (tahun 967-983) kepada Theophanu (anak 991), anak perempuan Kaisar Byzantine Romanos II 959-963). Menjelang akhir abad ke-10 Itali telah ditarik ke dalam bidang Ottonian selepas tempoh ketidakstabilan; Otto III (tahun 996-1002) membelanjakan sebahagian besar pemerintahannya kemudian di kerajaannya. Kerajaan Frankish barat lebih terfragmentasi, dan walaupun raja tetap secara nominal bertanggungjawab, banyak kuasa politik yang diserahkan kepada tuan-tuan tempatan. <> Bilakah Alfred the Great memulakan pemerintahannya? || 871 <> Apakah kerajaan Kenneth MacAlpin? || Kerajaan Alba <> Dari mana dinasti itu adalah Otto I seorang ahli? || Ottonian dinasti <> Apa kumpulan yang Otto saya kalahkan? || Magyars <> Pada tahun apakah Otto saya menjadi Kaisar Rom Suci? || 962", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Alfred the Great begin his reign?", "id": "56fb741bb28b3419009f1d54", "answers": [{"text": "871", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the kingdom of Kenneth MacAlpin?", "id": "56fb741bb28b3419009f1d55", "answers": [{"text": "the Kingdom of Alba", "answer_start": 551}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of what dynasty was Otto I a member?", "id": "56fb741bb28b3419009f1d56", "answers": [{"text": "Ottonian dynasty", "answer_start": 603}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group did Otto I defeat?", "id": "56fb741bb28b3419009f1d57", "answers": [{"text": "Magyars", "answer_start": 691}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Otto I become Holy Roman Emperor?", "id": "56fb741bb28b3419009f1d58", "answers": [{"text": "962", "answer_start": 744}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Efforts by local kings to fight the invaders led to the formation of new political entities. In Anglo-Saxon England, King Alfred the Great (r. 871\u2013899) came to an agreement with the Viking invaders in the late 9th century, resulting in Danish settlements in Northumbria, Mercia, and parts of East Anglia. By the middle of the 10th century, Alfred's successors had conquered Northumbria, and restored English control over most of the southern part of Great Britain. In northern Britain, Kenneth MacAlpin (d. c. 860) united the Picts and the Scots into the Kingdom of Alba. In the early 10th century, the Ottonian dynasty had established itself in Germany, and was engaged in driving back the Magyars. Its efforts culminated in the coronation in 962 of Otto I (r. 936\u2013973) as Holy Roman Emperor. In 972, he secured recognition of his title by the Byzantine Empire, which he sealed with the marriage of his son Otto II (r. 967\u2013983) to Theophanu (d. 991), daughter of an earlier Byzantine Emperor Romanos II (r. 959\u2013963). By the late 10th century Italy had been drawn into the Ottonian sphere after a period of instability; Otto III (r. 996\u20131002) spent much of his later reign in the kingdom. The western Frankish kingdom was more fragmented, and although kings remained nominally in charge, much of the political power devolved to the local lords."}], ["Seni Carolingian dihasilkan untuk sekumpulan kecil tokoh di sekitar mahkamah, dan biara-biara dan gereja-gereja yang mereka disokong. Ia didominasi oleh usaha untuk mendapatkan semula martabat dan klasifikasian seni imperial Romawi dan Byzantin, tetapi juga dipengaruhi oleh seni Insular dari Kepulauan British. Seni insular menggabungkan tenaga gaya Irish Celtic dan Anglo-Saxon gaya hias dengan bentuk Mediterranean seperti buku, dan menubuhkan banyak ciri seni selama sisa zaman pertengahan. Kerja-kerja keagamaan yang bermula dari Abad Pertengahan adalah kebanyakan naskah yang diterangi dan ivori terukir, yang pada asalnya dibuat untuk kerja logam yang telah dicairkan. Objek di logam berharga adalah bentuk seni yang paling berprestij, tetapi hampir semuanya hilang kecuali beberapa salib seperti Salib Lothair, beberapa relik, dan mendapati seperti pengebumian Anglo-Saxon di Sutton Hoo dan penimbunan Gourdon dari Merovingian Perancis, Guarrazar dari Visigothic Sepanyol dan Nagyszentmikl\u00f3s berhampiran wilayah Byzantine. Terdapat survivals dari kerongsang besar dalam bentuk fibula atau penannular yang merupakan kunci utama perhiasan peribadi untuk golongan elit, termasuk Kerongsang Tara Ireland. Buku-buku yang sangat dihiasi kebanyakannya adalah Buku Injil dan ini telah terselamat dalam bilangan yang lebih besar, termasuk Buku Insan Kells, Buku Lindisfarne, dan Codex Aureus dari Emmeram, yang merupakan salah satu dari sekadar untuk mengekalkan \"harta mengikat\" emas bertatahkan permata. Mahkamah Charlemagne nampaknya bertanggungjawab untuk menerima patung monumental yang kiasan dalam seni Kristian, dan pada akhir tempoh berhampiran angka bersaiz hidup seperti Gero Cross adalah perkara biasa dalam gereja-gereja penting. <> Bersama dengan ivori terukir, apakah karya-karya keagamaan dari Abad Pertengahan yang biasa? || manuskrip bercahaya <> Apa salib yang terkenal yang dibuat semasa era ini? || Salib Lothair <> Di manakah tempat yang terkenal yang terdapat di dekat bekas tanah Empayar Byzantium? || Nagyszentmikl\u00f3s <> Apa itu buku yang dihiasi yang ketara dengan mengikat emas berlapis emas? || Codex Aureus dari St. Emmeram <> Di mana terdapat hoark dari Visigothic Sepanyol? || Guarrazar", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with carved ivories, what religious works of the Early Middle Ages were common?", "id": "56fb76ebb28b3419009f1d70", "answers": [{"text": "illuminated manuscripts", "answer_start": 574}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a notable cross made during this era?", "id": "56fb76ebb28b3419009f1d71", "answers": [{"text": "the Cross of Lothair", "answer_start": 804}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was a notable hoard found near the former lands of the Byzantine Empire?", "id": "56fb76ebb28b3419009f1d72", "answers": [{"text": "Nagyszentmikl\u00f3s", "answer_start": 989}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a notable decorated book with a binding of jewel-encrusted gold?", "id": "56fb76ebb28b3419009f1d73", "answers": [{"text": "Codex Aureus of St. Emmeram", "answer_start": 1363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was a hoard from Visigothic Spain found?", "id": "56fb76ebb28b3419009f1d74", "answers": [{"text": "Guarrazar", "answer_start": 953}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Carolingian art was produced for a small group of figures around the court, and the monasteries and churches they supported. It was dominated by efforts to regain the dignity and classicism of imperial Roman and Byzantine art, but was also influenced by the Insular art of the British Isles. Insular art integrated the energy of Irish Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Germanic styles of ornament with Mediterranean forms such as the book, and established many characteristics of art for the rest of the medieval period. Surviving religious works from the Early Middle Ages are mostly illuminated manuscripts and carved ivories, originally made for metalwork that has since been melted down. Objects in precious metals were the most prestigious form of art, but almost all are lost except for a few crosses such as the Cross of Lothair, several reliquaries, and finds such as the Anglo-Saxon burial at Sutton Hoo and the hoards of Gourdon from Merovingian France, Guarrazar from Visigothic Spain and Nagyszentmikl\u00f3s near Byzantine territory. There are survivals from the large brooches in fibula or penannular form that were a key piece of personal adornment for elites, including the Irish Tara Brooch. Highly decorated books were mostly Gospel Books and these have survived in larger numbers, including the Insular Book of Kells, the Book of Lindisfarne, and the imperial Codex Aureus of St. Emmeram, which is one of the few to retain its \"treasure binding\" of gold encrusted with jewels. Charlemagne's court seems to have been responsible for the acceptance of figurative monumental sculpture in Christian art, and by the end of the period near life-sized figures such as the Gero Cross were common in important churches."}], ["Orang Yahudi juga tersebar di seluruh Eropah pada masa itu. Komuniti ditubuhkan di Jerman dan England pada abad ke-11 dan ke-12, tetapi orang-orang Yahudi Sepanyol, yang lama menetap di Sepanyol di bawah umat Islam, berada di bawah pemerintahan Kristian dan meningkatkan tekanan untuk menukar agama Kristian. Kebanyakan orang Yahudi terkurung di bandar-bandar, kerana mereka tidak dibenarkan memiliki tanah atau petani. Selain daripada orang-orang Yahudi, terdapat orang-orang bukan Kristian lain di pinggir Eropah-pagan Slavs di Eropah Timur dan Muslim di Eropah Selatan. <> Dalam apa jenis penempatan yang kebanyakan orang Yahudi hidup? || bandar-bandar <> Dalam berabad-abad apa masyarakat Yahudi berkembang di England? || agama ke-11 dan ke-12 <> Apa agama orang Yahudi Sepanyol yang ditekan untuk menukar? || Kristian <> Di bahagian Eropah apa Slavs hidup? || Timur <> Apa agama Slav? || pagan", {"qas": [{"question": "In what type of settlement did most Jews live?", "id": "56fb7af18ddada1400cd6445", "answers": [{"text": "cities", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what centuries did a Jewish community develop in England?", "id": "56fb7af18ddada1400cd6446", "answers": [{"text": "the 11th and 12th", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What religion were Spanish Jews pressured into converting to?", "id": "56fb7af18ddada1400cd6447", "answers": [{"text": "Christianity", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what part of Europe did the Slavs live?", "id": "56fb7af18ddada1400cd6448", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern", "answer_start": 454}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the religion of the Slavs?", "id": "56fb7af18ddada1400cd6449", "answers": [{"text": "pagan", "answer_start": 439}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Jews also spread across Europe during the period. Communities were established in Germany and England in the 11th and 12th centuries, but Spanish Jews, long settled in Spain under the Muslims, came under Christian rule and increasing pressure to convert to Christianity. Most Jews were confined to the cities, as they were not allowed to own land or be peasants.[U] Besides the Jews, there were other non-Christians on the edges of Europe\u2014pagan Slavs in Eastern Europe and Muslims in Southern Europe."}], ["Zaman Pertengahan Tinggi adalah tempoh perkembangan penduduk yang besar. Penduduk di Eropah berkembang dari 35 hingga 80 juta antara 1000 dan 1347, walaupun punca-punca yang tepat masih belum jelas: teknik pertanian yang lebih baik, kemerosotan penabung, iklim iklim dan kekurangan pencerobohan telah dicadangkan. Sebanyak 90 peratus penduduk Eropah kekal petani luar bandar. Ramai yang tidak lagi menetap di ladang terpencil tetapi telah berkumpul menjadi komuniti kecil, biasanya dikenali sebagai kampung atau kampung. Para petani ini sering tertakluk kepada tuan-tuan bangsawan yang mulia dan berhutang mereka sewa dan perkhidmatan lain, dalam sistem yang dikenali sebagai manorialism. Terdapat beberapa petani percuma sepanjang tempoh ini dan seterusnya, dengan lebih banyak lagi di kawasan-kawasan di Eropah Selatan berbanding di utara. Amalan menyumbang, atau membawa tanah baru ke dalam pengeluaran dengan menawarkan insentif kepada petani yang menetapinya, turut menyumbang kepada pengembangan populasi. <> Berapakah anggaran penduduk di Eropah pada tahun 1347? || 80 juta <> Berapa jutaan orang tinggal di Eropah pada tahun 1000? || 35 <> Semasa Zaman Pertengahan Tinggi, berapa peratus penduduk Eropah terdiri daripada kaum petani luar bandar? || 90 <> Bersama dengan manors, di mana para petani di Zaman Pertengahan sering hidup? || kampung <> Apakah istilah bagi amalan pemberian insentif kepada petani untuk menanam tanah baru? || menyumbang", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the approximate population of Europe in 1347?", "id": "56fb795e8ddada1400cd6427", "answers": [{"text": "80 million", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About how many millions of people lived in Europe in the year 1000?", "id": "56fb795e8ddada1400cd6428", "answers": [{"text": "35", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the High Middle Ages, what percentage of the European population consisted of rural peasants?", "id": "56fb795e8ddada1400cd6429", "answers": [{"text": "90", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with manors, where did peasants in the High Middle Ages often live?", "id": "56fb795e8ddada1400cd642a", "answers": [{"text": "villages", "answer_start": 525}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the term for the practice of giving incentives to peasants to cultivate new lands?", "id": "56fb795e8ddada1400cd642b", "answers": [{"text": "assarting", "answer_start": 819}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The High Middle Ages was a period of tremendous expansion of population. The estimated population of Europe grew from 35 to 80 million between 1000 and 1347, although the exact causes remain unclear: improved agricultural techniques, the decline of slaveholding, a more clement climate and the lack of invasion have all been suggested. As much as 90 per cent of the European population remained rural peasants. Many were no longer settled in isolated farms but had gathered into small communities, usually known as manors or villages. These peasants were often subject to noble overlords and owed them rents and other services, in a system known as manorialism. There remained a few free peasants throughout this period and beyond, with more of them in the regions of Southern Europe than in the north. The practice of assarting, or bringing new lands into production by offering incentives to the peasants who settled them, also contributed to the expansion of population."}], ["Wanita pada Zaman Pertengahan secara rasminya dikehendaki untuk menjadi bawahan kepada beberapa lelaki, sama ada bapanya, suami, atau sanak saudara mereka. Janda, yang sering dibenarkan banyak mengawal kehidupan mereka sendiri, masih dibatasi secara sah. Kerja wanita umumnya terdiri daripada pekerjaan rumah tangga atau lain-lain yang cenderung dalam negeri. Wanita petani biasanya bertanggungjawab menjaga rumah, penjagaan anak, serta berkebun dan penternakan berhampiran rumah. Mereka boleh menambah pendapatan isi rumah dengan berputar atau membakar di rumah. Pada masa menuai, mereka juga dijangka membantu dengan kerja lapangan. Wanita kampung, seperti wanita petani, bertanggungjawab untuk isi rumah, dan juga boleh terlibat dalam perdagangan. Perdagangan apa yang terbuka kepada wanita bervariasi mengikut negara dan tempoh. Noblewomen bertanggungjawab untuk menjalankan rumah tangga, dan kadang-kadang dijangka mengendalikan ladang tanpa kehadiran saudara laki-laki, tetapi mereka biasanya dibatasi daripada penyertaan dalam urusan ketenteraan atau kerajaan. Satu-satunya peranan yang terbuka kepada wanita dalam Gereja adalah bahawa para biarawati, kerana mereka tidak dapat menjadi imam. <> Bersama dengan berkebun, peternakan dan penjagaan anak, apa yang dilakukan oleh wanita petani zaman pertengahan? || menjaga rumah tangga <> Bersama dengan pemintalan, kerja penghasilan apa yang dilakukan oleh wanita petani? || bru <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh wanita petani ketika tiba waktunya untuk menuai? || membantu dengan kerja lapangan <> Apakah peranan wanita dalam Gereja? || biarawati", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with gardening, animal husbandry and child-care, what work did medieval peasant women do?", "id": "56fb7b7f8ddada1400cd644f", "answers": [{"text": "taking care of the household", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with spinning, what income-producing work did peasant women engage in?", "id": "56fb7b7f8ddada1400cd6450", "answers": [{"text": "brewing", "answer_start": 513}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did peasant women do when it was time for the harvest?", "id": "56fb7b7f8ddada1400cd6451", "answers": [{"text": "help with field-work", "answer_start": 574}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What role did women fill in the Church?", "id": "56fb7b7f8ddada1400cd6452", "answers": [{"text": "nuns", "answer_start": 1038}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Women in the Middle Ages were officially required to be subordinate to some male, whether their father, husband, or other kinsman. Widows, who were often allowed much control over their own lives, were still restricted legally. Women's work generally consisted of household or other domestically inclined tasks. Peasant women were usually responsible for taking care of the household, child-care, as well as gardening and animal husbandry near the house. They could supplement the household income by spinning or brewing at home. At harvest-time, they were also expected to help with field-work. Townswomen, like peasant women, were responsible for the household, and could also engage in trade. What trades were open to women varied by country and period. Noblewomen were responsible for running a household, and could occasionally be expected to handle estates in the absence of male relatives, but they were usually restricted from participation in military or government affairs. The only role open to women in the Church was that of nuns, as they were unable to become priests."}], ["Zaman Pertengahan Tinggi adalah tempoh formatif dalam sejarah negara Barat moden. Raja-raja di Perancis, England, dan Sepanyol menyatukan kuasa mereka, dan menubuhkan institusi yang berkuasa. Kerajaan-kerajaan baru seperti Hungary dan Poland, selepas penukaran mereka kepada agama Kristian, menjadi kuasa-kuasa Eropah Tengah. The Magyars menetap Hungary sekitar 900 di bawah King \u00c1rp\u00e1d (ds 907) selepas serangkaian pencerobohan di abad ke-9. Kepausan, yang lama melekat pada ideologi kemerdekaan dari raja-raja sekular, mula-mula menegaskan tuntutannya kepada kuasa duniawi di seluruh dunia Kristian; Monarki Pope mencapai apogeenya pada awal abad ke-13 di bawah pontificate of Innocent III (pope 1198-1216). Perang Salib Utara dan pendahuluan kerajaan-kerajaan Kristian dan perintah-perintah ketenteraan ke wilayah-wilayah pagan di Baltik dan Finik utara-timur membawa asimilasi terpaksa banyak penduduk asli ke dalam budaya Eropah. <> Bersama dengan Poland, apakah kerajaan Eropah Tengah terbentuk pada Abad Pertengahan? || Hungary <> Siapa raja ketika Magyars menetap di Hungaria? || \u00c1rp\u00e1d <> Kapan papa Innocent III bermula? || 1198 <> Bersama dengan Perancis dan Sepanyol, raja-raja dari negara mana yang menyatukan kuasa pada Zaman Pertengahan Tinggi? || England <> Berapa tahunkah Magyars menetap di Hungary? || 900", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Poland, what Central European kingdom was formed during the High Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb7c988ddada1400cd6461", "answers": [{"text": "Hungary", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was king when the Magyars settled in Hungary?", "id": "56fb7c988ddada1400cd6462", "answers": [{"text": "\u00c1rp\u00e1d", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the papacy of Innocent III begin?", "id": "56fb7c988ddada1400cd6463", "answers": [{"text": "1198", "answer_start": 689}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with France and Spain, the kings of what country consolidated power in the High Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb7c988ddada1400cd6464", "answers": [{"text": "England", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In approximately what year did the Magyars settle in Hungary?", "id": "56fb7c988ddada1400cd6465", "answers": [{"text": "900", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The High Middle Ages was the formative period in the history of the modern Western state. Kings in France, England, and Spain consolidated their power, and set up lasting governing institutions. New kingdoms such as Hungary and Poland, after their conversion to Christianity, became Central European powers. The Magyars settled Hungary around 900 under King \u00c1rp\u00e1d (d. c. 907) after a series of invasions in the 9th century. The papacy, long attached to an ideology of independence from secular kings, first asserted its claim to temporal authority over the entire Christian world; the Papal Monarchy reached its apogee in the early 13th century under the pontificate of Innocent III (pope 1198\u20131216). Northern Crusades and the advance of Christian kingdoms and military orders into previously pagan regions in the Baltic and Finnic north-east brought the forced assimilation of numerous native peoples into European culture."}], ["Para pendeta dibahagikan kepada dua jenis: golongan paderi sekular, yang hidup di dunia, dan paderi biasa, yang hidup di bawah aturan keagamaan dan biasanya biarawan. Sepanjang tempoh para rahib kekal sangat kecil populasi, biasanya kurang dari satu peratus. Kebanyakan ulama biasa diambil dari golongan bangsawan, kelas sosial yang sama yang berfungsi sebagai tempat perekrutan untuk golongan atas golongan ulama sekuler. Para imam paroki tempatan sering diambil dari kelas petani. Penduduk kampung berada dalam kedudukan yang agak luar biasa, kerana mereka tidak masuk ke dalam tiga kali perpecahan tradisional masyarakat menjadi bangsawan, paderi, dan petani. Pada abad ke-12 dan ke-13, jajaran penduduk bandar berkembang dengan pesat apabila bandar-bandar sedia ada berkembang dan pusat-pusat penduduk baru ditubuhkan. Tetapi sepanjang Zaman Pertengahan penduduk bandar-bandar mungkin tidak pernah melebihi 10 peratus daripada jumlah penduduk. <> Apakah kumpulan yang membentuk pendeta bersama para paderi biasa? || para ulama sekular <> Jenis kerabat apakah yang pernah menjadi rahib? || paderi biasa <> Berapa peratus daripada penduduk Eropah terdiri daripada para rahib? || kurang daripada satu peratus <> Apakah kelas sosial yang dilakukan oleh ramai ahli keramat biasa? || golongan bangsawan <> Dari kelas apa banyak imam paroki? || kelas petani", {"qas": [{"question": "What group constituted the clergy along with the regular clergy?", "id": "56fb7a7f8ddada1400cd643b", "answers": [{"text": "the secular clergy", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of clergy were monks?", "id": "56fb7a7f8ddada1400cd643c", "answers": [{"text": "regular clergy", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the European population consisted of monks?", "id": "56fb7a7f8ddada1400cd643d", "answers": [{"text": "less than one per cent", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What social class did many members of the regular clergy come from?", "id": "56fb7a7f8ddada1400cd643e", "answers": [{"text": "the nobility", "answer_start": 323}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From what class were many parish priests?", "id": "56fb7a7f8ddada1400cd643f", "answers": [{"text": "the peasant class", "answer_start": 487}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The clergy was divided into two types: the secular clergy, who lived out in the world, and the regular clergy, who lived under a religious rule and were usually monks. Throughout the period monks remained a very small proportion of the population, usually less than one per cent. Most of the regular clergy were drawn from the nobility, the same social class that served as the recruiting ground for the upper levels of the secular clergy. The local parish priests were often drawn from the peasant class. Townsmen were in a somewhat unusual position, as they did not fit into the traditional three-fold division of society into nobles, clergy, and peasants. During the 12th and 13th centuries, the ranks of the townsmen expanded greatly as existing towns grew and new population centres were founded. But throughout the Middle Ages the population of the towns probably never exceeded 10 per cent of the total population."}], ["Bahagian masyarakat lain termasuk bangsawan, paderi, dan penduduk bandar. Nobel, baik golongan bangsawan dan kesatria yang sederhana, mengeksploitasi para manors dan petani, walaupun mereka tidak memiliki tanah secara terang-terangan tetapi diberi hak untuk pendapatan dari manor atau tanah lain oleh tuan atas melalui sistem feodalisme. Pada abad ke-11 dan ke-12, tanah-tanah, atau perkampungan itu, dianggap sebagai keturunan, dan di kebanyakan kawasan, mereka tidak lagi dapat dipisahkan antara semua pewaris seperti yang terjadi pada zaman pertengahan awal. Kebanyakan bangsawan dan tanah pergi kepada anak sulung. [R] Penguasaan bangsawan telah dibina atas kawalannya terhadap tanah, perkhidmatan ketenteraannya sebagai pasukan berkuda berat, kawalan kastil, dan pelbagai kekebalan daripada cukai atau dorongan lain [ S] Kastil, pada mulanya di dalam kayu tetapi kemudian di batu, mula dibina pada abad ke-9 dan ke-10 sebagai tindak balas kepada gangguan masa itu, dan memberikan perlindungan daripada penceroboh serta membenarkan pertahanan tuan dari saingan. Kawalan kastil membolehkan para bangsawan menentang raja-raja atau tuan-tuan yang lain. Nobel telah berlapis-lapis; raja-raja dan golongan bangsawan tertinggi menguasai sejumlah besar orang awam dan tanah besar, serta bangsawan lain. Di bawah mereka, bangsawan yang lebih rendah mempunyai kuasa ke atas kawasan tanah yang lebih kecil dan lebih sedikit orang. Ksatria adalah golongan bangsawan yang paling rendah; mereka dikawal tetapi tidak memiliki tanah, dan terpaksa beribadah kepada bangsawan lain. [T] <> Dalam berabad-abad yang mana fiefs menjadi keturunan? || 11 dan 12 <> Dalam tempoh ini, yang biasanya mewarisi fiefs? || anak tertua <> Apakah istana yang asalnya dibina? || kayu <> Kumpulan apa yang membentuk bangsawan paling rendah? || Ksatria <> Dalam abad berapa kastil pertama dibina? || 9hb", {"qas": [{"question": "In what centuries did fiefs become hereditary?", "id": "56fb79f28ddada1400cd6431", "answers": [{"text": "11th and 12th", "answer_start": 329}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In this period, who usually inherited fiefs?", "id": "56fb79f28ddada1400cd6432", "answers": [{"text": "the eldest son", "answer_start": 570}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were castles originally built out of?", "id": "56fb79f28ddada1400cd6433", "answers": [{"text": "wood", "answer_start": 799}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group constituted the lowest nobility?", "id": "56fb79f28ddada1400cd6434", "answers": [{"text": "Knights", "answer_start": 1315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century were castles first built?", "id": "56fb79f28ddada1400cd6435", "answers": [{"text": "9th", "answer_start": 855}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Other sections of society included the nobility, clergy, and townsmen. Nobles, both the titled nobility and simple knights, exploited the manors and the peasants, although they did not own lands outright but were granted rights to the income from a manor or other lands by an overlord through the system of feudalism. During the 11th and 12th centuries, these lands, or fiefs, came to be considered hereditary, and in most areas they were no longer divisible between all the heirs as had been the case in the early medieval period. Instead, most fiefs and lands went to the eldest son.[R] The dominance of the nobility was built upon its control of the land, its military service as heavy cavalry, control of castles, and various immunities from taxes or other impositions.[S] Castles, initially in wood but later in stone, began to be constructed in the 9th and 10th centuries in response to the disorder of the time, and provided protection from invaders as well as allowing lords defence from rivals. Control of castles allowed the nobles to defy kings or other overlords. Nobles were stratified; kings and the highest-ranking nobility controlled large numbers of commoners and large tracts of land, as well as other nobles. Beneath them, lesser nobles had authority over smaller areas of land and fewer people. Knights were the lowest level of nobility; they controlled but did not own land, and had to serve other nobles.[T]"}], ["Di tengah-tengah dan utara Itali dan di Flanders, kebangkitan bandar-bandar yang berada di peringkat pentadbiran mandiri mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi dan mewujudkan persekitaran bagi jenis-jenis perdagangan baru. Bandar komersial di pinggir Baltik menandatangani perjanjian yang dikenali sebagai Liga Hanseatic, dan republik-republik Maritim Itali seperti Venice, Genoa, dan Pisa memperluaskan perdagangan mereka di seluruh Mediterranean. [V] Pameran perdagangan yang hebat telah ditubuhkan dan berkembang di utara Perancis sepanjang tempoh itu, membolehkan pedagang Itali dan Jerman berdagang antara satu sama lain serta pedagang tempatan. Pada akhir abad ke-13 laluan baru laut dan laut ke Timur Jauh dipelopori, terkenal digambarkan dalam The Travels of Marco Polo yang ditulis oleh salah seorang peniaga, Marco Polo (1324). Selain peluang perdagangan baru, peningkatan pertanian dan teknologi membolehkan peningkatan hasil tanaman, yang seterusnya membolehkan rangkaian perdagangan berkembang. Perdagangan yang semakin meningkat membawa kaedah baru untuk menangani wang, dan duit syiling emas sekali lagi dicetak di Eropah, pertama di Itali dan kemudian di Perancis dan negara-negara lain. Bentuk kontrak komersial baru muncul, yang membolehkan risiko dikongsi di kalangan pedagang. Kaedah perakaunan bertambah baik, sebahagiannya melalui penggunaan simpan kira dua kali ganda; surat kredit juga muncul, membolehkan penghantaran wang mudah. <> Apa lautan yang terdapat di bandar Hanseatic? || Baltic <> Bersama dengan Venice dan Pisa, apakah republik maritim Itali yang terkenal? || Genoa <> Siapa yang menulis Perjalanan dari Marco Polo? || Marco Polo <> Apakah kaedah perakaunan yang digunakan dalam tempoh ini? || pembukuan kemasukan berganda <> Dalam apa rantau apakah rekaan emas mula diperkenalkan semula? || Itali", {"qas": [{"question": "What sea were the Hanseatic cities located on?", "id": "56fb7c108ddada1400cd6457", "answers": [{"text": "Baltic", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Venice and Pisa, what was a notable Italian maritime republic?", "id": "56fb7c108ddada1400cd6458", "answers": [{"text": "Genoa", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote The Travels of Marco Polo?", "id": "56fb7c108ddada1400cd6459", "answers": [{"text": "Marco Polo", "answer_start": 756}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What accounting method was utilized in this period?", "id": "56fb7c108ddada1400cd645a", "answers": [{"text": "double-entry bookkeeping", "answer_start": 1244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what region was gold coinage first reintroduced?", "id": "56fb7c108ddada1400cd645b", "answers": [{"text": "Italy", "answer_start": 1055}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In central and northern Italy and in Flanders, the rise of towns that were to a degree self-governing stimulated economic growth and created an environment for new types of trade associations. Commercial cities on the shores of the Baltic entered into agreements known as the Hanseatic League, and the Italian Maritime republics such as Venice, Genoa, and Pisa expanded their trade throughout the Mediterranean.[V] Great trading fairs were established and flourished in northern France during the period, allowing Italian and German merchants to trade with each other as well as local merchants. In the late 13th century new land and sea routes to the Far East were pioneered, famously described in The Travels of Marco Polo written by one of the traders, Marco Polo (d. 1324). Besides new trading opportunities, agricultural and technological improvements enabled an increase in crop yields, which in turn allowed the trade networks to expand. Rising trade brought new methods of dealing with money, and gold coinage was again minted in Europe, first in Italy and later in France and other countries. New forms of commercial contracts emerged, allowing risk to be shared among merchants. Accounting methods improved, partly through the use of double-entry bookkeeping; letters of credit also appeared, allowing easy transmission of money."}], ["Semasa Abad Pertengahan yang awal, Jerman diperintah oleh dinasti Ottonian, yang berjuang untuk mengawal kuasa dukes yang berkuasa atas duchies wilayah yang mengesan kembali ke tempoh Migrasi. Pada tahun 1024, mereka digantikan oleh dinasti Salian, yang terkenal dengan kepausan di bawah Maharaja Henry IV (1084-1105) mengenai pelantikan gereja sebagai sebahagian daripada Kontroversi Penyelarasan. Pengganti beliau terus berjuang melawan kepausan serta bangsawan Jerman. Tempoh ketidakstabilan mengikuti kematian Kaisar Henry V (1111-25), yang meninggal tanpa waris, sehingga Frederick I Barbarossa (r 1155-90) mengambil takhta kerajaan. Walaupun dia memerintah dengan berkesan, masalah asas kekal, dan penggantinya terus berjuang ke abad ke-13. Cucu Barbarossa, Frederick II (1220-1250), yang juga pewaris tahta Sisilia melalui ibunya, berkali-kali bertempur dengan kepausan. Mahkamahnya terkenal dengan ulama dan sering dituduh sebagai sesat. Beliau dan penggantinya menghadapi banyak kesulitan, termasuk pencerobohan Mongol ke Eropah pada pertengahan abad ke-13. Mongol mula-mula menghancurkan pimpinan Kievan Rus dan kemudian menyerang Eropah Timur pada tahun 1241, 1259, dan 1287. <> Apa dinasti yang menguasai Jerman pada awal Abad Pertengahan? || Ottonian <> Apa dinasti memerintah Jerman bermula pada tahun 1024? || Salian <> Bilakah pemerintahan Henry IV bermula? || 1084 <> Pertembungan antara Henry IV dan paus merupakan sebahagian daripada konflik yang lebih besar? || Kontroversi Penyelidikan <> Apa nama anak cucu Frederick I Barbarossa? || Frederick II", {"qas": [{"question": "What dynasty controlled Germany in the early High Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb7d088ddada1400cd646b", "answers": [{"text": "Ottonian", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What dynasty ruled Germany starting in 1024?", "id": "56fb7d088ddada1400cd646c", "answers": [{"text": "Salian", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Henry IV's reign begin?", "id": "56fb7d088ddada1400cd646d", "answers": [{"text": "1084", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The clash between Henry IV and the pope was part of what greater conflict?", "id": "56fb7d088ddada1400cd646e", "answers": [{"text": "Investiture Controversy", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the regnal name of Frederick I Barbarossa's grandson?", "id": "56fb7d088ddada1400cd646f", "answers": [{"text": "Frederick II", "answer_start": 787}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the early High Middle Ages, Germany was ruled by the Ottonian dynasty, which struggled to control the powerful dukes ruling over territorial duchies tracing back to the Migration period. In 1024, they were replaced by the Salian dynasty, who famously clashed with the papacy under Emperor Henry IV (r. 1084\u20131105) over church appointments as part of the Investiture Controversy. His successors continued to struggle against the papacy as well as the German nobility. A period of instability followed the death of Emperor Henry V (r. 1111\u201325), who died without heirs, until Frederick I Barbarossa (r. 1155\u201390) took the imperial throne. Although he ruled effectively, the basic problems remained, and his successors continued to struggle into the 13th century. Barbarossa's grandson Frederick II (r. 1220\u20131250), who was also heir to the throne of Sicily through his mother, clashed repeatedly with the papacy. His court was famous for its scholars and he was often accused of heresy. He and his successors faced many difficulties, including the invasion of the Mongols into Europe in the mid-13th century. Mongols first shattered the Kievan Rus' principalities and then invaded Eastern Europe in 1241, 1259, and 1287."}], ["Kepentingan infantri dan pasukan berkuda ringan mula menurun pada zaman Carolingian awal, dengan dominasi pasukan kavaleri berat elit. Penggunaan levies jenis militia terhadap penduduk bebas merosot sepanjang tempoh Carolingian. Walaupun kebanyakan tentera Carolingia dipasang, sebahagian besar pada masa awal kelihatan telah dipasang infantri, dan bukannya pasukan berkuda yang benar. Satu pengecualian ialah Anglo-Saxon England, di mana tentera masih terdiri daripada levi serantau, yang dikenali sebagai fyrd, yang dipimpin oleh elit tempatan. Dalam teknologi ketenteraan, salah satu perubahan utama adalah penyebaran busaran silang, yang telah dikenal di zaman Romawi dan muncul semula sebagai senjata tentera semasa bahagian terakhir Zaman Pertengahan Awal. Satu lagi perubahan ialah pengenalan pedang, yang meningkatkan keberkesanan pasukan kavaleri sebagai pasukan kejutan. Kemajuan teknologi yang mempunyai implikasi di luar tentera adalah kuda, yang membolehkan kuda digunakan di kawasan berbatu. <> Kepentingan apa lengan ketenteraan meningkat pada era Carolingian? || pasukan berkuda berat <> Kawasan apa yang menimbulkan tentera militia yang dipanggil fyrd? || Anglo-Saxon England <> Apa senjata Roman mula digunakan semula pada Abad Pertengahan Awal? || busur silang <> Bersama dengan tapisan kuda, penemuan apa yang penting untuk pasukan berkuda muncul dalam tempoh ini? || the stirrup <> Bersama dengan pasukan berkuda yang ringan, apa lengan tentera merosot penting semasa Abad Pertengahan Awal? || infanteri", {"qas": [{"question": "The importance of what military arm increased during the Carolingian era?", "id": "56fb78ce8ddada1400cd641d", "answers": [{"text": "heavy cavalry", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What region raised a militia army called the fyrd?", "id": "56fb78ce8ddada1400cd641e", "answers": [{"text": "Anglo-Saxon England", "answer_start": 419}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Roman weapon began to be used again in the Early Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb78ce8ddada1400cd641f", "answers": [{"text": "the crossbow", "answer_start": 618}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the horseshoe, what invention important for cavalry emerged in this period?", "id": "56fb78ce8ddada1400cd6420", "answers": [{"text": "the stirrup", "answer_start": 790}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with light cavalry, what military arm declined in importance during the Early Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb78ce8ddada1400cd6421", "answers": [{"text": "infantry", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The importance of infantry and light cavalry began to decline during the early Carolingian period, with a growing dominance of elite heavy cavalry. The use of militia-type levies of the free population declined over the Carolingian period. Although much of the Carolingian armies were mounted, a large proportion during the early period appear to have been mounted infantry, rather than true cavalry. One exception was Anglo-Saxon England, where the armies were still composed of regional levies, known as the fyrd, which were led by the local elites. In military technology, one of the main changes was the return of the crossbow, which had been known in Roman times and reappeared as a military weapon during the last part of the Early Middle Ages. Another change was the introduction of the stirrup, which increased the effectiveness of cavalry as shock troops. A technological advance that had implications beyond the military was the horseshoe, which allowed horses to be used in rocky terrain."}], ["Di bawah dinasti Capetian Perancis perlahan-lahan mula mengembangkan kekuasaannya terhadap kaum bangsawan, yang berkembang dari \u00cele-de-France untuk menguasai lebih banyak negara pada abad ke-11 dan ke-12. Mereka menghadapi pesaing kuat di Dukes Normandy, yang pada tahun 1066 di bawah William the Conqueror (duke 1035-1087), menakluki England (r.1066-87) dan mencipta empayar lintas saluran yang berlanjutan, dalam pelbagai bentuk, sepanjang sisa Zaman Pertengahan. Norman juga menetap di Sicily dan Itali selatan, ketika Robert Guiscard (tahun 1085) mendarat di sana pada tahun 1059 dan mendirikan duke yang kemudian menjadi Kerajaan Sisilia. Di bawah dinasti Angevin Henry II (rs 1154-89) dan anaknya Richard I (1189-99), raja-raja England memerintah England dan kawasan besar Perancis, [W] dibawa ke keluarga oleh Henry II perkawinan dengan Eleanor of Aquitaine (d 1204), pewaris perempuan di sebagian besar Perancis selatan. [X] Adik laki-laki Richard John (tahun 1199-1216) kehilangan Normandy dan seluruh harta Perancis utara pada tahun 1204 kepada Raja Philip II Perancis Augustus (1180-1223). Ini membawa kepada perselisihan di kalangan golongan bangsawan Inggeris, sementara pencapaian kewangan John untuk membayar percubaannya yang gagal untuk mendapatkan semula Normandy dipimpin pada tahun 1215 kepada Magna Carta, piagam yang mengesahkan hak dan keistimewaan lelaki bebas di England. Di bawah Henry III (rd 1216-72), anak lelaki John, konsesi selanjutnya dibuat kepada bangsawan, dan kekuasaan diraja berkurang. Raja monarki Perancis terus membuat keuntungan terhadap kaum bangsawan pada abad ke-12 dan ke-13, membawa lebih banyak wilayah di dalam kerajaan di bawah pemerintahan mereka sendiri dan memusatkan pentadbiran diraja. Di bawah Louis IX (1226-70), prestij diraja meningkat ke tahap yang lebih tinggi kerana Louis berkhidmat sebagai mediator untuk kebanyakan Eropah. [Y] <> Siapa Duke of Normandy pada tahun 1066? || William the Conqueror <> Selama apa masa William memerintah di England? || 1066-87 <> Bilakah Robert Guiscard mati? || 1085 <> Kerajaan apa yang tumbuh dari kadir yang diasaskan oleh Robert Guiscard? || Kerajaan Sicily <> Kepada apa dinasti yang dimiliki oleh dinasti Henry II? || Angevin", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was Duke of Normandy in 1066?", "id": "56fb7d7a8ddada1400cd6475", "answers": [{"text": "William the Conqueror", "answer_start": 269}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what period did William reign over England?", "id": "56fb7d7a8ddada1400cd6476", "answers": [{"text": "1066\u201387", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Robert Guiscard die?", "id": "56fb7d7a8ddada1400cd6477", "answers": [{"text": "1085", "answer_start": 522}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kingdom grew out of the duchy founded by Robert Guiscard?", "id": "56fb7d7a8ddada1400cd6478", "answers": [{"text": "Kingdom of Sicily", "answer_start": 595}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "To what dynasty did Henry II belong?", "id": "56fb7d7a8ddada1400cd6479", "answers": [{"text": "Angevin", "answer_start": 624}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Under the Capetian dynasty France slowly began to expand its authority over the nobility, growing out of the \u00cele-de-France to exert control over more of the country in the 11th and 12th centuries. They faced a powerful rival in the Dukes of Normandy, who in 1066 under William the Conqueror (duke 1035\u20131087), conquered England (r. 1066\u201387) and created a cross-channel empire that lasted, in various forms, throughout the rest of the Middle Ages. Normans also settled in Sicily and southern Italy, when Robert Guiscard (d. 1085) landed there in 1059 and established a duchy that later became the Kingdom of Sicily. Under the Angevin dynasty of Henry II (r. 1154\u201389) and his son Richard I (r. 1189\u201399), the kings of England ruled over England and large areas of France,[W] brought to the family by Henry II's marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine (d. 1204), heiress to much of southern France.[X] Richard's younger brother John (r. 1199\u20131216) lost Normandy and the rest of the northern French possessions in 1204 to the French King Philip II Augustus (r. 1180\u20131223). This led to dissension among the English nobility, while John's financial exactions to pay for his unsuccessful attempts to regain Normandy led in 1215 to Magna Carta, a charter that confirmed the rights and privileges of free men in England. Under Henry III (r. 1216\u201372), John's son, further concessions were made to the nobility, and royal power was diminished. The French monarchy continued to make gains against the nobility during the late 12th and 13th centuries, bringing more territories within the kingdom under their personal rule and centralising the royal administration. Under Louis IX (r. 1226\u201370), royal prestige rose to new heights as Louis served as a mediator for most of Europe.[Y]"}], ["Pada abad ke-12 dan ke-13, Eropah menghasilkan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan inovasi dalam kaedah pengeluaran. Kemajuan teknologi utama termasuk penciptaan kincir angin, jam mekanikal yang pertama, pembuatan roh sulingan, dan penggunaan astrolabe. Cermin cekung dicipta sekitar 1286 oleh ahli seni Itali yang tidak diketahui, mungkin bekerja di atau berhampiran Pisa. <> Bersama astrolabe, kincir angin dan roh sulingan, apakah kemajuan teknologi yang ketara abad ke-12 dan ke-13? || jam mekanikal <> Apa yang dicipta pada kira-kira 1286? || Cermin mata cermin <> Berhampiran dengan apa yang ditimbulkan cermin kota? || Pisa", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with the astrolabe, windmill and distilled spirits, what was a notable technological advancement of the 12th and 13th centuries?", "id": "56fb815eb28b3419009f1da2", "answers": [{"text": "mechanical clocks", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was invented in approximately 1286?", "id": "56fb815eb28b3419009f1da3", "answers": [{"text": "Concave spectacles", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Near what city were concave spectacles invented?", "id": "56fb815eb28b3419009f1da4", "answers": [{"text": "Pisa", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 12th and 13th centuries, Europe produced economic growth and innovations in methods of production. Major technological advances included the invention of the windmill, the first mechanical clocks, the manufacture of distilled spirits, and the use of the astrolabe. Concave spectacles were invented around 1286 by an unknown Italian artisan, probably working in or near Pisa."}], ["Antara pengaruh pengaruh Yunani dan Islam pada masa ini dalam sejarah Eropah ialah penggantian angka Rom dengan sistem nombor posimal perpuluhan dan penciptaan algebra, yang membolehkan matematik lebih maju. Astronomi maju berikutan terjemahan Almagest Ptolemy dari bahasa Yunani ke Latin pada akhir abad ke-12. Perubatan juga dikaji, terutamanya di selatan Itali, di mana ubat Islam mempengaruhi sekolah di Salerno. <> Apakah penemuan yang menyebabkan kemajuan dalam matematik? || algebra <> Apa teks astronomi berpengaruh yang dilakukan Ptomely? || Almagest <> Dalam bahasa apa yang ditulis Almagest pada asalnya? || Greek <> Di mana bandar terdapat sekolah perubatan yang terletak dipengaruhi oleh ubat-ubatan Islam? || Salerno <> Ke dalam bahasa apakah Almagest diterjemahkan pada abad ke-12? || Latin", {"qas": [{"question": "What invention led to advances in mathematics?", "id": "56fb81078ddada1400cd64a7", "answers": [{"text": "algebra", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What influential astronomy text did Ptomely author?", "id": "56fb81078ddada1400cd64a8", "answers": [{"text": "Almagest", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what language was Almagest originally written?", "id": "56fb81078ddada1400cd64a9", "answers": [{"text": "Greek", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city was a medical school located that was notably influenced by Islamic medicine?", "id": "56fb81078ddada1400cd64aa", "answers": [{"text": "Salerno", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Into what language was Almagest translated in the 12th century?", "id": "56fb81078ddada1400cd64ab", "answers": [{"text": "Latin", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Among the results of the Greek and Islamic influence on this period in European history was the replacement of Roman numerals with the decimal positional number system and the invention of algebra, which allowed more advanced mathematics. Astronomy advanced following the translation of Ptolemy's Almagest from Greek into Latin in the late 12th century. Medicine was also studied, especially in southern Italy, where Islamic medicine influenced the school at Salerno."}], ["Kajian undang-undang maju pada abad ke-12. Kedua-dua undang-undang sekular dan undang-undang kanun, atau undang-undang gereja, telah dikaji pada Zaman Pertengahan yang Tinggi. Undang-undang sekular, atau undang-undang Rom, telah sangat maju dengan penemuan Corpus Juris Civilis pada abad ke-11, dan oleh 1100 undang-undang Rom dipelajari di Bologna. Ini membawa kepada rakaman dan penyeragaman kod undang-undang di seluruh Eropah Barat. Undang-undang Canon juga dikaji, dan sekitar 1140 seorang sami yang bernama Gratian (abad ke-12), seorang guru di Bologna, menulis apa yang menjadi teks standard hukum kanon-Decretum. <> Apakah nama lain untuk undang-undang kanon? || undang-undang gereja <> Apakah nama lain untuk undang-undang Rom? || Undang-undang sekular <> Di mana bolehkah seseorang mengkaji undang-undang Rom pada tahun 1100? || Bologna <> Dalam abad apakah Corpus Juris Civilis ditemui semula? || 11 <> Siapa yang menulis Decretum itu? || Gratian", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another name for canon law?", "id": "56fb80728ddada1400cd649d", "answers": [{"text": "ecclesiastical law", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another name for Roman law?", "id": "56fb80728ddada1400cd649e", "answers": [{"text": "Secular law", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where could one study Roman law in 1100?", "id": "56fb80728ddada1400cd649f", "answers": [{"text": "Bologna", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century was the Corpus Juris Civilis rediscovered?", "id": "56fb80728ddada1400cd64a0", "answers": [{"text": "11th", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote the Decretum?", "id": "56fb80728ddada1400cd64a1", "answers": [{"text": "Gratian", "answer_start": 451}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Legal studies advanced during the 12th century. Both secular law and canon law, or ecclesiastical law, were studied in the High Middle Ages. Secular law, or Roman law, was advanced greatly by the discovery of the Corpus Juris Civilis in the 11th century, and by 1100 Roman law was being taught at Bologna. This led to the recording and standardisation of legal codes throughout Western Europe. Canon law was also studied, and around 1140 a monk named Gratian (fl. 12th century), a teacher at Bologna, wrote what became the standard text of canon law\u2014the Decretum."}], ["Paus memanggil perang salib untuk berlaku di tempat lain di samping Tanah Suci: di Sepanyol, selatan Perancis, dan di sepanjang Baltik. Perang salib Spanyol menjadi bersatu dengan Reconquista dari Sepanyol dari orang Islam. Walaupun Templars dan Hospitallers mengambil bahagian dalam perang salib Sepanyol, perintah agama tentera Sepanyol yang serupa diasaskan, yang kebanyakannya telah menjadi sebahagian daripada dua perintah utama Calatrava dan Santiago pada awal abad ke-12. Eropah Utara juga kekal di luar pengaruh Kristiani hingga abad ke-11 atau kemudian, dan menjadi tempat perang salib sebagai sebahagian daripada Perang Salib Utara pada abad ke-12 hingga ke-14. Perang Salib ini juga menghasilkan perintah ketenteraan, Order of the Sword Brothers. Satu lagi perintah, Ksatria Teutonik, walaupun asalnya diasaskan di negara-negara pejuang salib, memfokuskan banyak kegiatannya di Baltik selepas 1225, dan pada tahun 1309 memindahkan ibu pejabatnya ke Marienburg di Prusia. <> Bersama dengan Baltik dan Sepanyol, di mana kawasan perang salib dipanggil? || selatan Perancis <> Dimana Perintah Teutonik beribu pejabat di 1309? || Marienburg <> Apa perintah tentera ditubuhkan akibat Perang Salib Utara? || Order of the Sword Brothers <> Dalam abad apakah Perang Salib Utara bermula? || 12 <> Berapa abad ke akhir Perang Salib Utara? || 14th", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with the Baltic and Spain, in what area were crusades called?", "id": "56fb7f60b28b3419009f1d98", "answers": [{"text": "southern France", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Teutonic Order headquartered in 1309?", "id": "56fb7f60b28b3419009f1d99", "answers": [{"text": "Marienburg", "answer_start": 896}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What military order was founded as a result of the Northern Crusades?", "id": "56fb7f60b28b3419009f1d9a", "answers": [{"text": "the Order of the Sword Brothers", "answer_start": 681}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did the Northern Crusades begin?", "id": "56fb7f60b28b3419009f1d9b", "answers": [{"text": "12th", "answer_start": 611}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What century saw the end of the Northern Crusades?", "id": "56fb7f60b28b3419009f1d9c", "answers": [{"text": "14th", "answer_start": 619}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Popes called for crusades to take place elsewhere besides the Holy Land: in Spain, southern France, and along the Baltic. The Spanish crusades became fused with the Reconquista of Spain from the Muslims. Although the Templars and Hospitallers took part in the Spanish crusades, similar Spanish military religious orders were founded, most of which had become part of the two main orders of Calatrava and Santiago by the beginning of the 12th century. Northern Europe also remained outside Christian influence until the 11th century or later, and became a crusading venue as part of the Northern Crusades of the 12th to 14th centuries. These crusades also spawned a military order, the Order of the Sword Brothers. Another order, the Teutonic Knights, although originally founded in the crusader states, focused much of its activity in the Baltic after 1225, and in 1309 moved its headquarters to Marienburg in Prussia."}], ["Keterpurukan dan etos cinta cinta yang dibangunkan di mahkamah diraja dan mulia. Budaya ini dinyatakan dalam bahasa vernakular daripada bahasa Latin, dan terdiri daripada puisi, cerita, legenda, dan lagu-lagu popular yang disebarkan oleh para penyerang, atau pengembara yang mengembara. Seringkali cerita-cerita itu ditulis dalam chansons de geste, atau \"lagu-lagu perbuatan hebat\", seperti Song of Roland atau The Song of Hildebrand. Sejarah sekular dan agama juga dihasilkan. Geoffrey of Monmouth (ms 1155) menyusun Sejarah Sejarah Britanniae, koleksi cerita dan legenda tentang Arthur. Karya-karya lain lebih jelas sejarahnya, seperti Otto von Freising (1158) Gesta Friderici Imperatoris yang memperincikan perbuatan Maharaja Frederick Barbarossa, atau William of Malmesbury (d.14343) Gesta Regum pada raja-raja di England. <> Apa arti chansons de geste dalam bahasa Inggeris? || lagu-lagu perbuatan hebat <> Bersama dengan Lagu Ronald, apa yang paling penting chanson de geste? || Lagu Hildebrand <> Siapa yang menulis Historia Regum Britanniae? || Geoffrey of Monmouth <> Apa tokoh legendaris yang dipaparkan dalam Historia Regum Britanniae? || Arthur <> Siapa yang menjadi subjek Gesta Friderici Imperatoris? || Maharaja Frederick Barbarossa", {"qas": [{"question": "What does chansons de geste mean in English?", "id": "56fb80258ddada1400cd6493", "answers": [{"text": "songs of great deeds", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with The Song of Ronald, what is a notable chanson de geste?", "id": "56fb80258ddada1400cd6494", "answers": [{"text": "The Song of Hildebrand", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote Historia Regum Britanniae?", "id": "56fb80258ddada1400cd6495", "answers": [{"text": "Geoffrey of Monmouth", "answer_start": 449}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What legendary figure was featured in the Historia Regum Britanniae?", "id": "56fb80258ddada1400cd6496", "answers": [{"text": "Arthur", "answer_start": 565}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the subject of Gesta Friderici Imperatoris?", "id": "56fb80258ddada1400cd6497", "answers": [{"text": "Emperor Frederick Barbarossa", "answer_start": 701}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Chivalry and the ethos of courtly love developed in royal and noble courts. This culture was expressed in the vernacular languages rather than Latin, and comprised poems, stories, legends, and popular songs spread by troubadours, or wandering minstrels. Often the stories were written down in the chansons de geste, or \"songs of great deeds\", such as The Song of Roland or The Song of Hildebrand. Secular and religious histories were also produced. Geoffrey of Monmouth (d. c. 1155) composed his Historia Regum Britanniae, a collection of stories and legends about Arthur. Other works were more clearly history, such as Otto von Freising's (d. 1158) Gesta Friderici Imperatoris detailing the deeds of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, or William of Malmesbury's (d. c. 1143) Gesta Regum on the kings of England."}], ["Tentera salib menyatukan penaklukan mereka ke negeri-negeri penyerang tentera. Semasa abad ke-12 dan ke-13, terdapat beberapa konflik antara negeri-negeri dan negara-negara Islam sekitarnya. Rayuan dari negara-negara tersebut kepada kepausan membawa perang salib lanjut, seperti Perang Salib Ketiga, dipanggil untuk cuba mendapatkan kembali Yerusalem, yang telah ditangkap oleh Saladin (1193) pada 1187. [Z] Pada tahun 1203, Perang Salib Keempat telah dialihkan dari Tanah Suci ke Constantinople, dan menawan bandar itu pada tahun 1204, menubuhkan sebuah Empire of Latin Constantinople dan sangat melemahkan Empayar Byzantium. The Byzantine menawan semula bandar itu pada tahun 1261, tetapi tidak pernah mendapat semula kekuatan mereka dahulu. Menjelang tahun 1291 semua negara-negara pejuang salib telah ditangkap atau dipaksa dari tanah besar, walaupun Kerajaan Tajuk Yerusalem bertahan di pulau Cyprus selama beberapa tahun selepas itu. <> Apakah tujuan Perang Salib Ketiga? || untuk mendapatkan Yerusalem <> Yang mengambil Yerusalem pada tahun 1187? || Saladin <> Pada tahun apakah Perang Salib Keempat berlaku? || 1203 <> Apa negeri diasaskan selepas Perang Salib Keempat? || Empayar Latin Konstantinopel <> Selepas 1291, di manakah titel Raja Baitulmuqaddis tinggal? || Cyprus", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the purpose of the Third Crusade?", "id": "56fb7ee6b28b3419009f1d8e", "answers": [{"text": "to regain Jerusalem", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who took Jerusalem in 1187?", "id": "56fb7ee6b28b3419009f1d8f", "answers": [{"text": "Saladin", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Fourth Crusade occur?", "id": "56fb7ee6b28b3419009f1d90", "answers": [{"text": "1203", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What state was founded following the Fourth Crusade?", "id": "56fb7ee6b28b3419009f1d91", "answers": [{"text": "Latin Empire of Constantinople", "answer_start": 498}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After 1291, where did the titular King of Jerusalem reside?", "id": "56fb7ee6b28b3419009f1d92", "answers": [{"text": "Cyprus", "answer_start": 804}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The crusaders consolidated their conquests into crusader states. During the 12th and 13th centuries, there were a series of conflicts between those states and the surrounding Islamic states. Appeals from those states to the papacy led to further crusades, such as the Third Crusade, called to try to regain Jerusalem, which had been captured by Saladin (d. 1193) in 1187.[Z] In 1203, the Fourth Crusade was diverted from the Holy Land to Constantinople, and captured the city in 1204, setting up a Latin Empire of Constantinople and greatly weakening the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines recaptured the city in 1261, but never regained their former strength. By 1291 all the crusader states had been captured or forced from the mainland, although a titular Kingdom of Jerusalem survived on the island of Cyprus for several years afterwards."}], ["Di Iberia, negara-negara Kristian, yang telah dikurung di bahagian utara-barat semenanjung, mula menentang negara-negara Islam di selatan, sebuah tempoh yang dikenali sebagai Reconquista. Menjelang kira-kira 1150, utara Kristian telah bersatu dengan lima kerajaan utama Le\u00f3n, Castile, Aragon, Navarre, dan Portugal. Iberia Selatan tetap berada di bawah kawalan negara-negara Islam, yang pada awalnya berada di bawah Khalifah C\u00f3rdoba, yang pecah pada 1031 menjadi beberapa negeri kecil yang beralih yang dikenal sebagai taifas, yang berperang dengan orang-orang Kristian sehingga Khalifah Almohad kembali menegakkan pemerintahan terpusat di Iberia Selatan di 1170an. Pasukan Kristian maju lagi pada awal abad ke-13, yang memuncak dalam penangkapan Seville pada tahun 1248. <> Apa nama pengambilan semula Kristian Iberia dari umat Islam? || the Reconquista <> Berapa banyak kerajaan Kristian utama yang ada di Iberia sekitar 1150? || lima <> Bersama dengan Le\u00f3n, Portugal, Aragon dan Castile, apa kerajaan Kristian utama yang ada di Iberia sekitar 1150? || Navarre <> Apakah negara Islam yang dikuasai di selatan Iberia sehingga 1031? || Khalifah C\u00f3rdoba <> Apa negeri Islam yang terkawal di selatan Iberia pada tahun 1170an? || khalifah Almohad", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the Christian reconquest of Iberia from the Muslims?", "id": "56fb7df48ddada1400cd647f", "answers": [{"text": "the Reconquista", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many major Christian kingdoms existed in Iberia around 1150?", "id": "56fb7df48ddada1400cd6480", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 254}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Le\u00f3n, Portugal, Aragon and Castile, what major Christian kingdom existed in Iberia around 1150?", "id": "56fb7df48ddada1400cd6481", "answers": [{"text": "Navarre", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Islamic state controlled southern Iberia until 1031?", "id": "56fb7df48ddada1400cd6482", "answers": [{"text": "the Caliphate of C\u00f3rdoba", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Islamic state controlled southern Iberia in the 1170s?", "id": "56fb7df48ddada1400cd6483", "answers": [{"text": "the Almohad Caliphate", "answer_start": 539}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In Iberia, the Christian states, which had been confined to the north-western part of the peninsula, began to push back against the Islamic states in the south, a period known as the Reconquista. By about 1150, the Christian north had coalesced into the five major kingdoms of Le\u00f3n, Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Portugal. Southern Iberia remained under control of Islamic states, initially under the Caliphate of C\u00f3rdoba, which broke up in 1031 into a shifting number of petty states known as taifas, who fought with the Christians until the Almohad Caliphate re-established centralised rule over Southern Iberia in the 1170s. Christian forces advanced again in the early 13th century, culminating in the capture of Seville in 1248."}], ["Semasa kurun ke-11, perkembangan falsafah dan teologi menyebabkan aktiviti intelektual meningkat. Ada perdebatan antara realis dan nominalists atas konsep \"universals\". Wacana falsafah telah dirangsang oleh penemuan semula Aristotle dan penekanannya terhadap empirisisme dan rasionalisme. Ulama seperti Peter Abelard (d. 1142) dan Peter Lombard (1164) memperkenalkan logika Aristotelia ke dalam teologi. Pada abad ke-11 dan awal abad ke-12 sekolah katedral tersebar di seluruh Eropah Barat, menandakan peralihan pembelajaran dari biara ke katedral dan bandar-bandar. Sekolah-sekolah katedral pula digantikan oleh universiti yang ditubuhkan di bandar-bandar utama Eropah. Falsafah dan teologi menyatu dalam skolastik, percubaan oleh sarjana abad ke-12 dan ke-13 untuk mendamaikan teks berwibawa, terutamanya Aristotle dan Alkitab. Pergerakan ini cuba menggunakan pendekatan sistemik untuk kebenaran dan alasan dan memuncak dalam pemikiran Thomas Aquinas (ms 1274), yang menulis Summa Theologica, atau Ringkasan Teologi. <> Kumpulan apa yang menentang nominalis mengenai subjek alam semesta? || realists <> Apa falsafah kuno telah ditemui semula, yang membawa kepada pemulihan falsafah? || Aristotle <> Bilakah Peter Lombard mati? || 1164 <> Apakah nama sekolah pemikiran yang menggabungkan teologi dan falsafah? || scholasticism <> Siapa yang mengarang Summa Theologica? || Thomas Aquinas", {"qas": [{"question": "What group opposed the nominalists on the subject of universals?", "id": "56fb7fc38ddada1400cd6489", "answers": [{"text": "realists", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ancient philosopher was rediscovered, leading to a revival of philosophy?", "id": "56fb7fc38ddada1400cd648a", "answers": [{"text": "Aristotle", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Peter Lombard die?", "id": "56fb7fc38ddada1400cd648b", "answers": [{"text": "1164", "answer_start": 379}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the school of thought that combined theology and philosophy?", "id": "56fb7fc38ddada1400cd648c", "answers": [{"text": "scholasticism", "answer_start": 730}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who authored the Summa Theologica?", "id": "56fb7fc38ddada1400cd648d", "answers": [{"text": "Thomas Aquinas", "answer_start": 966}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the 11th century, developments in philosophy and theology led to increased intellectual activity. There was debate between the realists and the nominalists over the concept of \"universals\". Philosophical discourse was stimulated by the rediscovery of Aristotle and his emphasis on empiricism and rationalism. Scholars such as Peter Abelard (d. 1142) and Peter Lombard (d. 1164) introduced Aristotelian logic into theology. In the late 11th and early 12th centuries cathedral schools spread throughout Western Europe, signalling the shift of learning from monasteries to cathedrals and towns. Cathedral schools were in turn replaced by the universities established in major European cities. Philosophy and theology fused in scholasticism, an attempt by 12th- and 13th-century scholars to reconcile authoritative texts, most notably Aristotle and the Bible. This movement tried to employ a systemic approach to truth and reason and culminated in the thought of Thomas Aquinas (d. 1274), who wrote the Summa Theologica, or Summary of Theology."}], ["Pada abad ke-11, Turki Seljuk mengambil alih sebahagian besar dari Timur Tengah, menduduki Parsi semasa 1040-an, Armenia pada tahun 1060-an, dan Yerusalem pada tahun 1070. Pada 1071, tentera Turki mengalahkan tentera Byzantin di Pertempuran Manzikert dan menawan Kaisar Byzantine Romanus IV (1068-71). Orang Turki kemudian bebas untuk menyerang Asia Minor, yang melancarkan pukulan berbahaya ke Empayar Byzantine dengan merebut sebagian besar penduduknya dan pusat ekonominya. Walaupun Byzantine berkumpul semula dan pulih sedikit, mereka tidak pernah memulihkan sepenuhnya Asia Minor dan sering bertahan. Orang Turki juga mengalami kesulitan, kehilangan kendali Yerusalem ke Fatimiyah Mesir dan menderita serangkaian perang sipil internal. The Byzantines juga menghadapi Bulgaria yang dihidupkan semula, yang pada abad ke-12 dan ke-13 yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah Balkan. <> Sepanjang apa dekad apakah Turki Seljuk menduduki Armenia? || 1060s <> Dalam apa yang dilancarkan Pertempuran Manzikert? || 1071 <> Siapa yang ditawan di Battle of Manzikert? || Kaisar Byzantine Romanus IV <> Siapa yang menakluki Yerusalem dari Turki? || Fatimids of Egypt <> Selama abad apakah orang Turki Seljuk menduduki Persia? || 11th", {"qas": [{"question": "During what decade did the Seljuk Turks occupy Armenia?", "id": "56fb7e4fb28b3419009f1d7a", "answers": [{"text": "1060s", "answer_start": 123}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what yer was the Battle of Manzikert fought?", "id": "56fb7e4fb28b3419009f1d7b", "answers": [{"text": "1071", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was taken prisoner at the Battle of Manzikert?", "id": "56fb7e4fb28b3419009f1d7c", "answers": [{"text": "Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who conquered Jerusalem from the Turks?", "id": "56fb7e4fb28b3419009f1d7d", "answers": [{"text": "the Fatimids of Egypt", "answer_start": 656}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what century did the Seljuk Turks occupy Persia?", "id": "56fb7e4fb28b3419009f1d7e", "answers": [{"text": "11th", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068\u201371). The Turks were then free to invade Asia Minor, which dealt a dangerous blow to the Byzantine Empire by seizing a large part of its population and its economic heartland. Although the Byzantines regrouped and recovered somewhat, they never fully regained Asia Minor and were often on the defensive. The Turks also had difficulties, losing control of Jerusalem to the Fatimids of Egypt and suffering from a series of internal civil wars. The Byzantines also faced a revived Bulgaria, which in the late 12th and 13th centuries spread throughout the Balkans."}], ["Perang Salib bertujuan untuk merebut Yerusalem dari kawalan Islam. Perang Salib Pertama telah diumumkan oleh Paus Urban II (Paus 1088-99) di Majlis Clermont pada tahun 1095 sebagai tindak balas kepada permintaan dari Kaisar Byzantine Alexios I Komnenos (r.101-1118) untuk bantuan terhadap kemajuan Muslim yang lebih lanjut. Kepuasan bandar yang dijanjikan kepada sesiapa yang mengambil bahagian. Puluhan ribu orang dari semua lapisan masyarakat digerakkan di seluruh Eropah dan menawan Baitulmuqaddis pada tahun 1099. Salah satu ciri perang salib adalah pogrom terhadap Yahudi tempatan yang sering terjadi ketika tentera salib meninggalkan negara mereka untuk Timur. Ini sangat kejam semasa Perang Salib Pertama, ketika komuniti Yahudi di Cologne, Mainz, dan Worm telah musnah, dan masyarakat lain di kota-kota antara sungai-sungai Seine dan Rhine mengalami kemusnahan. Pertumbuhan perang salib yang lain adalah asas kepada jenis baru monastik, perintah ketenteraan Templars dan Hospitallers, yang menyatu dengan kehidupan tentera dengan perkhidmatan ketenteraan. <> Paus apa yang melancarkan perang salib Pertama? || Urban II <> Pada apa pertemuan itu Perang Salib Pertama yang dikhotbahkan? || Majlis Clermont <> Pada tahun apakah Perang Salib Pertama yang diisytiharkan? || 1095 <> Apa yang diminta oleh Kaisar Byzantine untuk mendapatkan bantuan Perang Salib Pertama? || Alexios I Komnenos <> Dalam tahun apakah Perang Salib Pertama mengambil Yerusalem? || 1099", {"qas": [{"question": "What pope launched the First crusade?", "id": "56fb7e97b28b3419009f1d84", "answers": [{"text": "Urban II", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what gathering was the First Crusade preached?", "id": "56fb7e97b28b3419009f1d85", "answers": [{"text": "the Council of Clermont", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the First Crusade proclaimed?", "id": "56fb7e97b28b3419009f1d86", "answers": [{"text": "1095", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Byzantine Emperor's request for assistance led to the First Crusade?", "id": "56fb7e97b28b3419009f1d87", "answers": [{"text": "Alexios I Komnenos", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the First Crusade take Jerusalem?", "id": "56fb7e97b28b3419009f1d88", "answers": [{"text": "1099", "answer_start": 450}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The crusades were intended to seize Jerusalem from Muslim control. The First Crusade was proclaimed by Pope Urban II (pope 1088\u201399) at the Council of Clermont in 1095 in response to a request from the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081\u20131118) for aid against further Muslim advances. Urban promised indulgence to anyone who took part. Tens of thousands of people from all levels of society mobilised across Europe and captured Jerusalem in 1099. One feature of the crusades was the pogroms against local Jews that often took place as the crusaders left their countries for the East. These were especially brutal during the First Crusade, when the Jewish communities in Cologne, Mainz, and Worms were destroyed, and other communities in cities between the rivers Seine and Rhine suffered destruction. Another outgrowth of the crusades was the foundation of a new type of monastic order, the military orders of the Templars and Hospitallers, which fused monastic life with military service."}], ["Dari awal abad ke-12, pembina Perancis membangunkan gaya Gothic, ditandai dengan penggunaan peti besi rusuk, gerbang yang menunjuk, pijakan terbang, dan tingkap kaca berwarna yang besar. Ia digunakan terutamanya di gereja-gereja dan katedral, dan terus digunakan sehingga abad ke-16 di kebanyakan Eropah. Contoh klasik seni bina Gothic termasuk Cathedral Chartres dan Katedral Reims di Perancis serta Katedral Salisbury di England. Kaca berwarna menjadi unsur penting dalam reka bentuk gereja-gereja, yang terus menggunakan lukisan-lukisan dinding yang luas, kini hampir semuanya hilang. <> Dalam abad berapa gaya Gothic pertama berkembang? || Ke-12 <> Dalam abad apakah gaya Gothic digunakan? || Ke-16 <> Bersama dengan Reims, di mana terdapat katedral Gothic yang terkenal di Perancis? || Chartres <> Apakah katedral Gothic bahasa Inggeris yang ketara? || Katedral Salisbury <> Antara yang pembina adalah gaya Gothic yang pertama kali digunakan? || Perancis", {"qas": [{"question": "In what century did the Gothic style first flourish?", "id": "56fb847db28b3419009f1dda", "answers": [{"text": "12th", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did the Gothic style cease to be used?", "id": "56fb847db28b3419009f1ddb", "answers": [{"text": "16th", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Reims, where is a notable Gothic cathedral in France located?", "id": "56fb847db28b3419009f1ddc", "answers": [{"text": "Chartres", "answer_start": 332}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a notable English Gothic cathedral?", "id": "56fb847db28b3419009f1ddd", "answers": [{"text": "Salisbury Cathedral", "answer_start": 392}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Among which builders was the Gothic style first used?", "id": "56fb847db28b3419009f1dde", "answers": [{"text": "French", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From the early 12th century, French builders developed the Gothic style, marked by the use of rib vaults, pointed arches, flying buttresses, and large stained glass windows. It was used mainly in churches and cathedrals, and continued in use until the 16th century in much of Europe. Classic examples of Gothic architecture include Chartres Cathedral and Reims Cathedral in France as well as Salisbury Cathedral in England. Stained glass became a crucial element in the design of churches, which continued to use extensive wall-paintings, now almost all lost."}], ["Reformasi monastik menjadi isu penting pada abad ke-11, ketika para elit mula bimbang bahawa para bhikkhu tidak mematuhi peraturan yang mengikat mereka untuk kehidupan yang sangat religius. Cluny Abbey, yang diasaskan di rantau M\u00e2con Perancis pada tahun 909, telah ditubuhkan sebagai sebahagian daripada Reformasi Cluniac, pergerakan monastik yang lebih besar sebagai tindak balas terhadap ketakutan ini. Cluny dengan cepat menubuhkan reputasi untuk penjimatan dan kekakuan. Ia berusaha untuk mengekalkan kehidupan rohani yang tinggi dengan meletakkan dirinya di bawah perlindungan kepausan dan dengan memilih abbotnya sendiri tanpa campur tangan dari orang awam, dengan itu mengekalkan kemerdekaan ekonomi dan politik dari tuan-tuan tempatan. <> Dalam abad apa yang difikirkan diberikan kepada pembaharuan monastik? || Ke-11 <> Pada tahun apakah Cluny Abbey diasaskan? || 909 <> Dalam apa bahagian Perancis ditubuhkan Cluny Abbey? || M\u00e2con <> Bersama rigor, apa yang dikatakan Cluny mempunyai reputasi? || penjimatan <> Apa pembaharuan dinamakan untuk biara di Cluny? || Pembaharuan Cluniac", {"qas": [{"question": "In what century was thought given to monastic reform?", "id": "56fb853fb28b3419009f1dee", "answers": [{"text": "11th", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Cluny Abbey founded?", "id": "56fb853fb28b3419009f1def", "answers": [{"text": "909", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what part of France was Cluny Abbey founded?", "id": "56fb853fb28b3419009f1df0", "answers": [{"text": "M\u00e2con", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with rigor, what did Cluny have a reputation for?", "id": "56fb853fb28b3419009f1df1", "answers": [{"text": "austerity", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What reforms were named for the abbey at Cluny?", "id": "56fb853fb28b3419009f1df2", "answers": [{"text": "Cluniac Reforms", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Monastic reform became an important issue during the 11th century, as elites began to worry that monks were not adhering to the rules binding them to a strictly religious life. Cluny Abbey, founded in the M\u00e2con region of France in 909, was established as part of the Cluniac Reforms, a larger movement of monastic reform in response to this fear. Cluny quickly established a reputation for austerity and rigour. It sought to maintain a high quality of spiritual life by placing itself under the protection of the papacy and by electing its own abbot without interference from laymen, thus maintaining economic and political independence from local lords."}], ["Pembaharuan monastik mengilhami perubahan dalam gereja sekular. Cita-cita yang didasarkan pada itu dibawa ke kepausan oleh Paus Leo IX (paus 1049-1054), dan memberikan ideologi kemerdekaan ulama yang membawa kepada Kontroversi Penyelarasan pada akhir abad ke-11. Ini melibatkan Paus Gregorius VII (Paus 1073-85) dan Maharaja Henry IV, yang pada awalnya bertempur atas pelantikan episkopal, pertikaian yang menjadi pertarungan atas ide-ide pembabitan, perkahwinan ulama, dan simoni. Maharaja menyaksikan perlindungan Gereja sebagai salah satu tanggungjawabnya dan juga ingin memelihara hak untuk melantik pilihannya sendiri sebagai uskup di dalam tanahnya, tetapi kepausan itu menegaskan kemerdekaan Gereja dari golongan sekuler. Isu-isu ini masih tidak dapat diselesaikan setelah kompromi 1122 dikenali sebagai Concordat of Worms. Pertikaian itu merupakan peringkat penting dalam penciptaan monarki kepausan yang terpisah dari dan sama dengan pihak berwajib. Ia juga mempunyai kesan kekal untuk memperkuat penguasa Jerman dengan mengorbankan empayar Jerman. <> Semasa abad apa berlaku Kontroversi Penyelidikan? || Ke-11 <> Bilakah pemerintahan Paus Leo IX bermula? || 1049 <> Apakah pope terlibat dalam Kontroversi Penyelarasan? || Paus Gregorius VII <> Pada tahun apa yang disepakati oleh Concordat of Worms? || 1122 <> Apa penguasa sekular yang membuat Concordat of Worms meningkatkan kuasa? || Putera Jerman", {"qas": [{"question": "During what century did the Investiture Controversy occur?", "id": "56fb85aab28b3419009f1df8", "answers": [{"text": "11th", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the reign of Pope Leo IX begin?", "id": "56fb85aab28b3419009f1df9", "answers": [{"text": "1049", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What pope was involved in the Investiture Controversy?", "id": "56fb85aab28b3419009f1dfa", "answers": [{"text": "Pope Gregory VII", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the Concordat of Worms agreed to?", "id": "56fb85aab28b3419009f1dfb", "answers": [{"text": "1122", "answer_start": 790}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What secular rulers did the Concordat of Worms increase the power of?", "id": "56fb85aab28b3419009f1dfc", "answers": [{"text": "German princes", "answer_start": 1003}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Monastic reform inspired change in the secular church. The ideals that it was based upon were brought to the papacy by Pope Leo IX (pope 1049\u20131054), and provided the ideology of the clerical independence that led to the Investiture Controversy in the late 11th century. This involved Pope Gregory VII (pope 1073\u201385) and Emperor Henry IV, who initially clashed over episcopal appointments, a dispute that turned into a battle over the ideas of investiture, clerical marriage, and simony. The emperor saw the protection of the Church as one of his responsibilities as well as wanting to preserve the right to appoint his own choices as bishops within his lands, but the papacy insisted on the Church's independence from secular lords. These issues remained unresolved after the compromise of 1122 known as the Concordat of Worms. The dispute represents a significant stage in the creation of a papal monarchy separate from and equal to lay authorities. It also had the permanent consequence of empowering German princes at the expense of the German emperors."}], ["Seni Romanesque, khususnya karya logam, adalah yang paling canggih dalam seni Mosan, di mana personaliti seni yang berbeza termasuk Nicholas of Verdun (d. 1205) menjadi jelas, dan gaya hampir klasik dilihat dalam karya seperti fon di Li\u00e8ge, kontras dengan makhluk-makhluk yang melotot dari Gloucester Candlestick yang sebenarnya kontemporari. Kitab-kitab yang besar dan manuskrip yang terang-terangan adalah bentuk tipikal manuskrip mewah, dan lukisan dinding berkembang di gereja-gereja, sering mengikuti skema dengan Penghakiman Terakhir di dinding barat, Kristus di Majesty di hujung timur, dan adegan naratif alkitabiah turun nave , atau contoh yang paling baik, di Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe, di atas bumbung berkubah. <> Siapa tokoh tokoh dalam seni Mosan? || Nicholas of Verdun <> Tahun berapa melihat kematian Nicholas of Verdun? || 1205 <> Pada dinding apa gereja adalah Penghakiman Terakhir yang biasanya dicat? || barat <> Di mana adegan-adegan alkitab naratif dicat di gereja di Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe? || di atas bumbung berkubah tong <> Apa karya logam Romanesque yang terkenal untuk Gloucester? || Gloucester Candlestick", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was a noted figure in Mosan art?", "id": "56fb8410b28b3419009f1dd0", "answers": [{"text": "Nicholas of Verdun", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year saw the death of Nicholas of Verdun?", "id": "56fb8410b28b3419009f1dd1", "answers": [{"text": "1205", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what wall of a church was the Last Judgment typically painted?", "id": "56fb8410b28b3419009f1dd2", "answers": [{"text": "west", "answer_start": 521}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are narrative biblical scenes painted in the church at Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe?", "id": "56fb8410b28b3419009f1dd3", "answers": [{"text": "on the barrel-vaulted roof", "answer_start": 677}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What notable Romanesque metalwork is named for Gloucester?", "id": "56fb8410b28b3419009f1dd4", "answers": [{"text": "Gloucester Candlestick", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Romanesque art, especially metalwork, was at its most sophisticated in Mosan art, in which distinct artistic personalities including Nicholas of Verdun (d. 1205) become apparent, and an almost classical style is seen in works such as a font at Li\u00e8ge, contrasting with the writhing animals of the exactly contemporary Gloucester Candlestick. Large illuminated bibles and psalters were the typical forms of luxury manuscripts, and wall-painting flourished in churches, often following a scheme with a Last Judgement on the west wall, a Christ in Majesty at the east end, and narrative biblical scenes down the nave, or in the best surviving example, at Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe, on the barrel-vaulted roof."}], ["Pembinaan katedral dan istana canggih teknologi bangunan, yang membawa kepada pembangunan bangunan batu besar. Struktur tambahan termasuk dewan bandar, rumah, jambatan dan lumbung persepuluhan baru. Pembinaan kapal diperbaiki dengan menggunakan kaedah tulang rusuk dan plank dan bukannya sistem Rom lama dan tenon. Penambahbaikan lain untuk kapal termasuk penggunaan pelapis dan pelepasan pasir tegak, yang kedua-duanya meningkatkan kelajuan di mana kapal-kapal boleh belayar. <> Bersama dengan jambatan, lumbung persepuluhan dan dewan bandar, apa struktur baru yang ketara telah dibina dalam tempoh ini? || rumah <> Kaedah apa, yang berasal dari Rom, secara tradisinya digunakan untuk membina kapal? || mortise dan tenon <> Apa kaedah pembuatan kapal baru yang dicipta dalam tempoh ini? || rusuk dan papan <> Jenis kemudi apa yang diperkenalkan pada tempoh ini? || post-stern <> Apa jenis layar pertama digunakan pada era ini? || terlambat", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with bridges, tithe barns and town halls, what notable new structures were built during this period?", "id": "56fb824db28b3419009f1db2", "answers": [{"text": "houses", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What method, derived from the Romans, was traditionally used to build ships?", "id": "56fb824db28b3419009f1db3", "answers": [{"text": "mortise and tenon", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What new shipbuilding method was invented in this period?", "id": "56fb824db28b3419009f1db4", "answers": [{"text": "rib and plank", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of rudder was introduced during this period?", "id": "56fb824db28b3419009f1db5", "answers": [{"text": "stern-post", "answer_start": 393}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of sails were first used during this era?", "id": "56fb824db28b3419009f1db6", "answers": [{"text": "lateen", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The construction of cathedrals and castles advanced building technology, leading to the development of large stone buildings. Ancillary structures included new town halls, houses, bridges, and tithe barns. Shipbuilding improved with the use of the rib and plank method rather than the old Roman system of mortise and tenon. Other improvements to ships included the use of lateen sails and the stern-post rudder, both of which increased the speed at which ships could be sailed."}], ["Zaman Pertengahan Tinggi adalah tempoh pergerakan keagamaan yang hebat. Selain reformasi Perang Salib dan monastik, orang ramai berusaha untuk mengambil bahagian dalam bentuk kehidupan agama baru. Perintah monastik baru ditubuhkan, termasuk Carthusians dan Cistercians. Yang terakhir ini terutama berkembang pesat pada tahun-tahun awal mereka di bawah bimbingan Bernard of Clairvaux (ms 1153). Perintah-perintah baru ini dibentuk sebagai tindak balas terhadap perasaan orang awam bahawa monastikisme Benedictine tidak lagi memenuhi kebutuhan orang awam, yang bersama dengan mereka yang ingin memasuki kehidupan keagamaan ingin kembali ke monastikisme hermetikal yang lebih mudah dari Kekristianan awal, atau untuk hidup kehidupan rasul. Jemaah haji juga digalakkan. Tapak ziarah lama seperti Rom, Baitulmuqaddis, dan Compostela menerima peningkatan bilangan pengunjung, dan tapak baru seperti Monte Gargano dan Bari menjadi terkenal. <> Apakah perintah monastik yang dilakukan oleh Bernard of Clairvaux? || Cistercians <> Bilakah Bernard of Clairvaux mati? || 1153 <> Bersama dengan Bari, apakah tapak ziarah baru yang terkenal di era ini? || Monte Gargano <> Bersama-sama dengan Rom dan Baitulmuqaddis, apakah tapak ziarah tradisional yang menyaksikan lebih ramai pengunjung di Zaman Pertengahan Tinggi? || Compostela <> Bersama dengan Cistercians, apa perintah monastik yang baru ditubuhkan pada Abad Pertengahan yang Tinggi? || Carthusians", {"qas": [{"question": "What monastic order did Bernard of Clairvaux belong to?", "id": "56fb862c8ddada1400cd64b1", "answers": [{"text": "Cistercians", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Bernard of Clairvaux die?", "id": "56fb862c8ddada1400cd64b2", "answers": [{"text": "1153", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Bari, what was a notable new pilgrimage site in this era?", "id": "56fb862c8ddada1400cd64b3", "answers": [{"text": "Monte Gargano", "answer_start": 832}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Rome and Jerusalem, what traditional pilgrimage site saw a greater number of visitors in the High Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb862c8ddada1400cd64b4", "answers": [{"text": "Compostela", "answer_start": 758}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Cistercians, what new monastic order was founded in the High Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb862c8ddada1400cd64b5", "answers": [{"text": "Carthusians", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The High Middle Ages was a period of great religious movements. Besides the Crusades and monastic reforms, people sought to participate in new forms of religious life. New monastic orders were founded, including the Carthusians and the Cistercians. The latter especially expanded rapidly in their early years under the guidance of Bernard of Clairvaux (d. 1153). These new orders were formed in response to the feeling of the laity that Benedictine monasticism no longer met the needs of the laymen, who along with those wishing to enter the religious life wanted a return to the simpler hermetical monasticism of early Christianity, or to live an Apostolic life. Religious pilgrimages were also encouraged. Old pilgrimage sites such as Rome, Jerusalem, and Compostela received increasing numbers of visitors, and new sites such as Monte Gargano and Bari rose to prominence."}], ["Dalam tempoh ini amalan penerangan manuskrip secara beransur-ansur berlalu dari biara untuk meletakkan bengkel, sehingga menurut Janetta Benton \"oleh 1300 kebanyakan biarawan membeli buku mereka di kedai-kedai\", dan buku jam berkembang sebagai bentuk buku devosi untuk orang awam . Kerja logam terus menjadi bentuk seni yang paling berprestij, dengan Limoges enamel pilihan yang popular dan relatif berpatutan untuk objek seperti relik dan salib. Di Itali, inovasi Cimabue dan Duccio, diikuti oleh Trecento master Giotto (1337), sangat meningkatkan kecanggihan dan status lukisan panel dan fresco. Kemakmuran yang semakin meningkat pada abad ke-12 mengakibatkan pengeluaran seni sekular yang lebih besar; Banyak objek gading yang diukir seperti permainan-kepingan, sikat, dan tokoh-tokoh agama kecil telah terselamat. <> Siapa menyatakan bahawa para bhikkhu abad ke-14 membeli buku di kedai-kedai? || Janetta Benton <> Apakah bentuk seni yang paling prestise di zaman ini? || Metalwork <> Bilakah Giotto mati? || 1337 <> Apakah banyak keping seni sekular yang diukir dari dalam tempoh ini? || Gading <> Bersama dengan Duccio, apa artis Itali yang menjadi inovator yang diperhatikan dalam tempoh ini? || Cimabue", {"qas": [{"question": "Who noted that 14th century monks bought books in shops?", "id": "56fb84ebb28b3419009f1de4", "answers": [{"text": "Janetta Benton", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What form of art had the most prestige in this era?", "id": "56fb84ebb28b3419009f1de5", "answers": [{"text": "Metalwork", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Giotto die?", "id": "56fb84ebb28b3419009f1de6", "answers": [{"text": "1337", "answer_start": 533}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were many pieces of secular art carved from in this period?", "id": "56fb84ebb28b3419009f1de7", "answers": [{"text": "ivory", "answer_start": 723}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Duccio, what Italian artist was a noted innovator in this period?", "id": "56fb84ebb28b3419009f1de8", "answers": [{"text": "Cimabue", "answer_start": 470}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During this period the practice of manuscript illumination gradually passed from monasteries to lay workshops, so that according to Janetta Benton \"by 1300 most monks bought their books in shops\", and the book of hours developed as a form of devotional book for lay-people. Metalwork continued to be the most prestigious form of art, with Limoges enamel a popular and relatively affordable option for objects such as reliquaries and crosses. In Italy the innovations of Cimabue and Duccio, followed by the Trecento master Giotto (d. 1337), greatly increased the sophistication and status of panel painting and fresco. Increasing prosperity during the 12th century resulted in greater production of secular art; many carved ivory objects such as gaming-pieces, combs, and small religious figures have survived."}], ["Pada abad ke-10 penubuhan gereja-gereja dan biara-biara membawa kepada pembangunan senibina batu yang menghuraikan bentuk-bentuk Rom vernakular, yang mana istilah \"Romanesque\" diperolehi. Di mana terdapat bangunan batu bata dan batu Rom dikitar semula untuk bahan-bahan mereka. Dari permulaan tentatif yang dikenali sebagai Romanesque Pertama, gaya ini berkembang dan tersebar di seluruh Eropah dalam bentuk yang sangat homogen. Hanya sebelum 1000 terdapat gelombang besar gereja batu bangunan di seluruh Eropah. Bangunan Romanesque mempunyai dinding batu besar, bukaan yang dipenuhi oleh lengkungan separa pekeliling, tingkap kecil, dan, terutama di Perancis, peti besi batu melengkung. Portal besar dengan arca berwarna dalam pelepasan tinggi menjadi ciri utama fa\u00e7ade, terutama di Perancis, dan ibu-ibu tiang sering diukir dengan adegan naratif raksasa dan haiwan imajinatif. Menurut ahli sejarah seni C. R. Dodwell, \"hampir semua gereja di Barat dihiasi dengan lukisan dinding\", yang sedikitnya bertahan. Serentak dengan pembangunan dalam senibina gereja, bentuk istana Eropah yang tersendiri telah dibangunkan, dan menjadi penting kepada politik dan peperangan. <> Dalam abad apakah seni bina Romanesque digunakan dahulu? || Ke-10 <Apa ciri senibina Romanesque yang tersebar luas di Perancis? || peti besi batu melengkung <> Siapa yang mencatatkan kelaziman lukisan dinding di gereja-gereja Barat zaman ini? || C. R. Dodwell <> Apa arsitektur bukan gereja yang dibangunkan pada abad ke-10? || kastil <> Sekitar tahun berapa gelombang besar gereja-bangunan di batu berlaku? || 1000", {"qas": [{"question": "In what century was Romanesque architecture first used?", "id": "56fb8371b28b3419009f1dc6", "answers": [{"text": "10th", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What feature of Romanesque architecture was especially prevalent in France?", "id": "56fb8371b28b3419009f1dc7", "answers": [{"text": "arched stone vaults", "answer_start": 637}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who noted the prevalence of wall-paintings in Western churches of this era?", "id": "56fb8371b28b3419009f1dc8", "answers": [{"text": "C. R. Dodwell", "answer_start": 905}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What non-church architectural structure developed in the 10th century?", "id": "56fb8371b28b3419009f1dc9", "answers": [{"text": "the castle", "answer_start": 1110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Around what year did the great wave of church-building in stone occur?", "id": "56fb8371b28b3419009f1dca", "answers": [{"text": "1000", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 10th century the establishment of churches and monasteries led to the development of stone architecture that elaborated vernacular Roman forms, from which the term \"Romanesque\" is derived. Where available, Roman brick and stone buildings were recycled for their materials. From the tentative beginnings known as the First Romanesque, the style flourished and spread across Europe in a remarkably homogeneous form. Just before 1000 there was a great wave of building stone churches all over Europe. Romanesque buildings have massive stone walls, openings topped by semi-circular arches, small windows, and, particularly in France, arched stone vaults. The large portal with coloured sculpture in high relief became a central feature of fa\u00e7ades, especially in France, and the capitals of columns were often carved with narrative scenes of imaginative monsters and animals. According to art historian C. R. Dodwell, \"virtually all the churches in the West were decorated with wall-paintings\", of which few survive. Simultaneous with the development in church architecture, the distinctive European form of the castle was developed, and became crucial to politics and warfare."}], ["Perkembangan sistem rotasi tiga bidang untuk menanam tanaman [AA] meningkatkan penggunaan tanah dari setengah penggunaan setiap tahun di bawah sistem dua bidang lama hingga dua pertiga di bawah sistem baru, dengan peningkatan pengeluaran. Pengembangan bajak berat memungkinkan tanah yang lebih berat untuk ditanam dengan lebih efisien, dibantu oleh penyebaran kerah kuda, yang menyebabkan penggunaan kuda-kuda draf sebagai pengganti lembu. Kuda lebih cepat daripada lembu dan memerlukan kurang padang rumput, faktor-faktor yang membantu pelaksanaan sistem tiga bidang. <> Seberapa pecahan tanah di bawah penanaman menggunakan sistem dua bidang? || satu setengah <> Seberapa pecahan tanah di bawah penanaman menggunakan sistem tiga bidang? || dua pertiga <> Apa penemuan yang memungkinkan kuda daripada sapi untuk digunakan untuk membajak? || kolar kuda <> Apa penemuan yang menyebabkan peningkatan kecekapan dalam pertanian tanah berat? || bajak berat <> Selain memerlukan padang yang kurang, apa yang membezakan kuda dari lembu? || lebih pantas", {"qas": [{"question": "What fraction of land was under cultivation using the two-field system?", "id": "56fb81e5b28b3419009f1da8", "answers": [{"text": "one half", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What fraction of land was under cultivate using the three-field system?", "id": "56fb81e5b28b3419009f1da9", "answers": [{"text": "two-thirds", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What invention allowed horses rather than oxen to be used to plow?", "id": "56fb81e5b28b3419009f1daa", "answers": [{"text": "the horse collar", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What invention led to an increase in efficiency in the farming of heavy soils?", "id": "56fb81e5b28b3419009f1dab", "answers": [{"text": "the heavy plough", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In addition to requiring less pasture, what distinguishes horses from oxen?", "id": "56fb81e5b28b3419009f1dac", "answers": [{"text": "faster", "answer_start": 438}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The development of a three-field rotation system for planting crops[AA] increased the usage of land from one half in use each year under the old two-field system to two-thirds under the new system, with a consequent increase in production. The development of the heavy plough allowed heavier soils to be farmed more efficiently, aided by the spread of the horse collar, which led to the use of draught horses in place of oxen. Horses are faster than oxen and require less pasture, factors that aided the implementation of the three-field system."}], ["Dalam hal ehwal ketenteraan, penggunaan infantri dengan peranan khusus meningkat. Bersama dengan pasukan berkuda berat yang dominan, tentara seringkali termasuk pelayar silang dan infanteri, serta ahli silap mata dan jurutera. Crossbows, yang telah diketahui dalam zaman purba, semakin banyak diguna pakai disebabkan oleh peningkatan pengepungan peperangan pada abad ke-10 dan ke-11. [AB] Peningkatan penggunaan busur silang pada abad ke-12 dan ke-13 menyebabkan penggunaan muka tertutup topi keledar, perisai badan berat, serta perisai kuda. Gunpowder dikenali di Eropah pada pertengahan abad ke-13 dengan penggunaan rekod dalam peperangan Eropah oleh Inggeris terhadap Scots pada tahun 1304, walaupun ia hanya digunakan sebagai bahan letupan dan bukan sebagai senjata. Cannon digunakan untuk pengepungan pada tahun 1320-an, dan senapang tangan digunakan pada tahun 1360-an. <> Dalam abad berapa orang Eropah menyedari serbuk mesiu? || 13 <<Siapa yang direkodkan menggunakan serbuk mesiu pada 1304? || Bahasa Inggeris <> Terhadap siapa gunpowder digunakan pada 1304? || The Scots <> Dalam berapa dekad itulah pengepungan pengeboman diketahui telah digunakan? || 1320s <> Apa yang membawa kepada peningkatan penggunaan perisai pada abad ke-12? || Peningkatan penggunaan silang silang", {"qas": [{"question": "In what century did Europeans become aware of gunpowder?", "id": "56fb82d8b28b3419009f1dbc", "answers": [{"text": "13th", "answer_start": 553}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was recorded as using gunpowder in 1304?", "id": "56fb82d8b28b3419009f1dbd", "answers": [{"text": "the English", "answer_start": 609}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Against whom was gunpowder used in 1304?", "id": "56fb82d8b28b3419009f1dbe", "answers": [{"text": "the Scots", "answer_start": 629}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what decade were siege cannon known to have been used?", "id": "56fb82d8b28b3419009f1dbf", "answers": [{"text": "1320s", "answer_start": 754}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What led to the increased use of armor in the 12th century?", "id": "56fb82d8b28b3419009f1dc0", "answers": [{"text": "The increasing use of crossbows", "answer_start": 362}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In military affairs, the use of infantry with specialised roles increased. Along with the still-dominant heavy cavalry, armies often included mounted and infantry crossbowmen, as well as sappers and engineers. Crossbows, which had been known in Late Antiquity, increased in use partly because of the increase in siege warfare in the 10th and 11th centuries.[AB] The increasing use of crossbows during the 12th and 13th centuries led to the use of closed-face helmets, heavy body armour, as well as horse armour. Gunpowder was known in Europe by the mid-13th century with a recorded use in European warfare by the English against the Scots in 1304, although it was merely used as an explosive and not as a weapon. Cannon were being used for sieges in the 1320s, and hand-held guns were in use by the 1360s."}], ["Tahun-tahun pertama abad ke-14 ditandai oleh kelaparan, memuncak dalam Kebuluran Besar 1315-17. Penyebab Kelaparan Besar termasuk peralihan yang perlahan dari Tempoh Abadi Abad Pertengahan hingga Zaman Ais Kecil, yang menyebabkan penduduk terdedah apabila cuaca buruk menyebabkan kegagalan tanaman. Tahun-tahun 1313-14 dan 1317-21 sangat hujan di seluruh Eropah, mengakibatkan kegagalan tanaman yang meluas. Perubahan iklim yang mengakibatkan suhu purata tahunan yang menurun untuk Eropah pada abad ke-14-disertai oleh kemelesetan ekonomi. <> Dalam berapa tahun kebuluran Besar berlaku? || 1315-17 <> Tempoh apa yang mengakibatkan cuaca buruk yang meningkatkan kegagalan tanaman? || Zaman Ais Kecil <> Berapa tempoh sebelum zaman Zaman Ais? || Tempoh Hujan Abad Pertengahan <> Bersama dengan 1317-21, apakah ramalan hujan lebat di Eropah? || 1313-14 <> Dalam abad apakah suhu purata Eropah menurun? || 14th", {"qas": [{"question": "In what years did the Great Famine occur?", "id": "56fb87368ddada1400cd64c5", "answers": [{"text": "1315\u201317", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What period resulted in poor weather that increased crop failures?", "id": "56fb87368ddada1400cd64c6", "answers": [{"text": "the Little Ice Age", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What period preceded the Little Ice Age?", "id": "56fb87368ddada1400cd64c7", "answers": [{"text": "the Medieval Warm Period", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with 1317\u201321, what span saw extreme rains in Europe?", "id": "56fb87368ddada1400cd64c8", "answers": [{"text": "1313\u201314", "answer_start": 303}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what century did the European average annual temperature decrease?", "id": "56fb87368ddada1400cd64c9", "answers": [{"text": "14th", "answer_start": 502}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first years of the 14th century were marked by famines, culminating in the Great Famine of 1315\u201317. The causes of the Great Famine included the slow transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age, which left the population vulnerable when bad weather caused crop failures. The years 1313\u201314 and 1317\u201321 were excessively rainy throughout Europe, resulting in widespread crop failures. The climate change\u2014which resulted in a declining average annual temperature for Europe during the 14th century\u2014was accompanied by an economic downturn."}], ["Semasa abad ke-14 yang membantah, perselisihan di dalam kepimpinan Gereja membawa kepada Kepausan Avignon dari 1305-78, yang juga dikenali sebagai \"Penangkapan Kepausan Babylon\" (rujukan kepada penangkapan orang Yahudi dari Babilonia), dan kemudian kepada Agung Schism, yang bertahan dari 1378 hingga 1418, apabila terdapat dua dan kemudian tiga paus saingan, masing-masing disokong oleh beberapa negeri. Pegawai-pegawai kegilaan yang diadakan di Majlis Constance pada tahun 1414, dan pada tahun berikutnya majlis itu memecat salah satu pai saingan, meninggalkan hanya dua orang penuntut. Penyerahan selanjutnya diikuti, dan pada bulan November 1417 dewan memilih Martin V (paus 1417-31) sebagai paus. <> Semasa tahun berapa Avignon Papacy berlaku? || 1305-78 <> Apa istilah lain untuk Avignon Papacy? || Kapten Babylonian Papacy <> Bilakah berakhirnya Schism Besar? || 1418 <> Berapa banyak paus wujud serentak selepas Majlis Constance? || dua <> yang telah dijadikan paus pada tahun 1417? || Martin V", {"qas": [{"question": "During what years did the Avignon Papacy occur?", "id": "56fb8e478ddada1400cd64ed", "answers": [{"text": "1305\u201378", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another term for the Avignon Papacy?", "id": "56fb8e478ddada1400cd64ee", "answers": [{"text": "Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Great Schism end?", "id": "56fb8e478ddada1400cd64ef", "answers": [{"text": "1418", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many popes existed simultaneously after the Council of Constance?", "id": "56fb8e478ddada1400cd64f0", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 521}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was made pope in 1417?", "id": "56fb8e478ddada1400cd64f1", "answers": [{"text": "Martin V", "answer_start": 607}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the tumultuous 14th century, disputes within the leadership of the Church led to the Avignon Papacy of 1305\u201378, also called the \"Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy\" (a reference to the Babylonian captivity of the Jews), and then to the Great Schism, lasting from 1378 to 1418, when there were two and later three rival popes, each supported by several states. Ecclesiastical officials convened at the Council of Constance in 1414, and in the following year the council deposed one of the rival popes, leaving only two claimants. Further depositions followed, and in November 1417 the council elected Martin V (pope 1417\u201331) as pope."}], ["Masyarakat Yahudi telah diusir dari England pada tahun 1290 dan dari Perancis pada tahun 1306. Walaupun ada yang dibenarkan kembali ke Perancis, kebanyakannya tidak, dan ramai orang Yahudi yang berhijrah ke timur, menetap di Poland dan Hungary. Orang Yahudi diusir dari Sepanyol pada 1492, dan tersebar ke Turki, Perancis, Itali, dan Belanda. Kebangkitan perbankan di Itali pada abad ke-13 berterusan sepanjang abad ke-14, didorong sebahagiannya oleh peningkatan perang masa dan keperluan kepausan untuk memindahkan wang antara kerajaan. Banyak firma perbankan meminjamkan wang kepada royalti, dengan risiko yang besar, kerana sesetengahnya telah dipadatkan apabila raja memungkiri pinjaman mereka. [AE] <> Pada tahun apakah orang-orang Yahudi diusir dari England? || 1290 <> Apa tahun melihat pengusiran masyarakat Yahudi Perancis? || 1306 <> Bersama dengan Hungary, di mana banyak orang Yahudi diusir berpindah ke mana? || Poland <> Pada tahun berapa orang Yahudi ditendang keluar dari Sepanyol? || 1492 <> Bersama dengan Turki, Perancis dan Itali, di mana telah mengusir orang Yahudi Sepanyol ke? || Holland", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year were the Jews expelled from England?", "id": "56fb88f8b28b3419009f1e0c", "answers": [{"text": "1290", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year saw the expulsion of the French Jewish community?", "id": "56fb88f8b28b3419009f1e0d", "answers": [{"text": "1306", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Hungary, where did many expelled French Jews relocate to?", "id": "56fb88f8b28b3419009f1e0e", "answers": [{"text": "Poland", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year were Jews kicked out of Spain?", "id": "56fb88f8b28b3419009f1e0f", "answers": [{"text": "1492", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Turkey, France and Italy, where did expelled Spanish Jews travel to?", "id": "56fb88f8b28b3419009f1e10", "answers": [{"text": "Holland", "answer_start": 293}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Jewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]"}], ["Dalam perintah mendicant abad ke-13-para Fransiska dan Dominikan-yang bersumpah akan kemiskinan dan memperoleh kehidupan mereka dengan mengemis, telah diluluskan oleh kepausan. Kumpulan agama seperti Waldensian dan Humiliati juga cuba untuk kembali ke kehidupan Kristian awal di abad ke-12 dan awal abad ke-13, tetapi mereka dikutuk sebagai bidaah oleh kepausan. Lain-lain menyertai Cathars, satu lagi gerakan sesat yang dikutuk oleh kepausan. Pada tahun 1209, sebuah perang salib telah diberitakan melawan para Cathars, Perang Salib Albigensian, yang digabungkan dengan Inkuisisi abad pertengahan, menghapuskan mereka. <> Bersama dengan Dominikan, apa perintah mendicant ditubuhkan pada abad ke-13? || Franciscans <> Apa sumpah yang ketara telah diangkat oleh perintah mendicant? || kemiskinan <> Bagaimana perintah mendicant membuat hidup? || mengemis <> Apa perang salib terhadap orang-orang Cathars yang dipanggil? || Salib Albigensian <> Bersama dengan Cathars dan Humiliati, apa kumpulan yang dikecam sebagai bidat dalam tempoh ini? || orang Waldensian", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with the Dominicans, what mendicant order was founded in the 13th century?", "id": "56fb869f8ddada1400cd64bb", "answers": [{"text": "Franciscans", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What notable vow was sworn by the mendicant orders?", "id": "56fb869f8ddada1400cd64bc", "answers": [{"text": "poverty", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did the mendicant orders make a living?", "id": "56fb869f8ddada1400cd64bd", "answers": [{"text": "begging", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the crusade against the Cathars called?", "id": "56fb869f8ddada1400cd64be", "answers": [{"text": "the Albigensian Crusade", "answer_start": 510}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Cathars and Humiliati, what group was notably condemned as heretics in this period?", "id": "56fb869f8ddada1400cd64bf", "answers": [{"text": "the Waldensians", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 13th century mendicant orders\u2014the Franciscans and the Dominicans\u2014who swore vows of poverty and earned their living by begging, were approved by the papacy. Religious groups such as the Waldensians and the Humiliati also attempted to return to the life of early Christianity in the middle 12th and early 13th centuries, but they were condemned as heretical by the papacy. Others joined the Cathars, another heretical movement condemned by the papacy. In 1209, a crusade was preached against the Cathars, the Albigensian Crusade, which in combination with the medieval Inquisition, eliminated them."}], ["Masyarakat di seluruh Eropah terganggu oleh dislokasi yang disebabkan oleh Kematian Hitam. Tanah-tanah yang telah produktif secara kecil-kecilan telah ditinggalkan, kerana mangsa yang terselamat dapat memperoleh lebih banyak kawasan subur. Walaupun penyusutan merosot di Eropah Barat, ia menjadi lebih biasa di Eropah Timur, kerana tuan-tuan tanah mengenakannya kepada penyewa mereka yang sebelum ini bebas. Kebanyakan petani di Eropah Barat berjaya mengubah kerja yang mereka terima sebelum ini kepada tuan-tuan tanah mereka ke dalam sewa tunai. Peratusan serfs di kalangan kaum petani merosot dari tahap 90 hingga hampir 50 peratus pada akhir tempoh tersebut. Tuan tanah juga menjadi lebih sedar kepentingan bersama dengan pemilik tanah yang lain, dan mereka bergabung bersama untuk memohon hak istimewa dari kerajaan mereka. Sebahagian besar daripada mendesak tuan-tuan tanah, kerajaan cuba untuk mengesahkan kembali keadaan ekonomi yang wujud sebelum Kematian Hitam. Bukan klinik menjadi semakin celik, dan penduduk bandar mula meniru minat bangsawan dalam kesejahteraan. <> Pada akhir tempoh ini, berapa peratusan orang Eropah Barat yang serfs? || 50 <> Pada tahap serfdom, berapa peratus penduduk Eropah Barat serfs? || 90 <> Di bahagian Eropah apakah peningkatan dalam tempoh ini? || Timur <> Daripada bekerja, bagaimana kebanyakan petani Eropah Barat membayar tuan tanah mereka dalam tempoh ini? || sewa tunai <> Apa kepentingan mulia yang penduduk bandar mula meniru dalam tempoh ini? || ksatria", {"qas": [{"question": "By the end of this period, about what percentage of Western Europeans were serfs?", "id": "56fb88a0b28b3419009f1e02", "answers": [{"text": "50", "answer_start": 574}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At serfdom's greatest extent, what percentage of Western Europeans were serfs?", "id": "56fb88a0b28b3419009f1e03", "answers": [{"text": "90", "answer_start": 558}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what part of Europe did serfdom increase in this period?", "id": "56fb88a0b28b3419009f1e04", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Instead of work, how did most Western European peasants pay their landlords in this period?", "id": "56fb88a0b28b3419009f1e05", "answers": [{"text": "cash rents", "answer_start": 476}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What noble interest did city-dwellers start to mimic in this period?", "id": "56fb88a0b28b3419009f1e06", "answers": [{"text": "chivalry", "answer_start": 1013}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Society throughout Europe was disturbed by the dislocations caused by the Black Death. Lands that had been marginally productive were abandoned, as the survivors were able to acquire more fertile areas. Although serfdom declined in Western Europe it became more common in Eastern Europe, as landlords imposed it on those of their tenants who had previously been free. Most peasants in Western Europe managed to change the work they had previously owed to their landlords into cash rents. The percentage of serfs amongst the peasantry declined from a high of 90 to closer to 50 per cent by the end of the period. Landlords also became more conscious of common interests with other landholders, and they joined together to extort privileges from their governments. Partly at the urging of landlords, governments attempted to legislate a return to the economic conditions that existed before the Black Death. Non-clergy became increasingly literate, and urban populations began to imitate the nobility's interest in chivalry."}], ["Walaupun Kaisar Palaeologi menguasai Constantinople dari Eropah Barat pada tahun 1261, mereka tidak dapat menguasai sebahagian besar bekas tanah kerajaan. Mereka biasanya dikawal hanya sebahagian kecil Semenanjung Balkan berhampiran Constantinople, kota itu sendiri, dan beberapa kawasan pantai di Laut Hitam dan sekitar Laut Aegean. Tanah bekas Byzantine di Balkan dibahagikan antara Kerajaan Serbia yang baru, Empayar Bulgaria Kedua dan negara kota Venice. Kuasa Kaisar Byzantine diancam oleh suku Turki yang baru, orang Uthmaniyyah, yang meneguhkan diri mereka di Anatolia pada abad ke-13 dan terus berkembang sepanjang abad ke-14. Uthmaniyyah berkembang ke Eropah, mengurangkan Bulgaria ke negara jajahan menjelang 1366 dan mengambil alih Serbia selepas kekalahannya di Pertempuran Kosovo pada tahun 1389. Orang-orang Eropah Barat bergelut dengan nasib orang Kristian di Balkan dan mengisytiharkan perang salib baru pada tahun 1396; tentera yang hebat telah dihantar ke Balkan, di mana ia dikalahkan di Pertempuran Nicopolis. Constantinople akhirnya ditangkap oleh orang Uthmaniyyah pada tahun 1453. <> Kaisar dari apa yang dinasti semula menguasai Constantinople pada tahun 1261? || Palaeologi <> Bersama dengan Kerajaan Bulgaria Kedua dan Kerajaan Serbia, apa kaitan yang mengawal bekas tanah Bizantium Byzantine? || Venice <> Apa suku kaum Turks muncul pada abad ke-13 Anatolia? || Uthmaniyyah <> Pada tahun apakah Bulgaria menjadi pengikut Uthmaniyyah? || 1366 <> Yang kalah pada Pertempuran Kosovo? || Serbia", {"qas": [{"question": "Emperors from what dynasty recaptured Constantinople in 1261?", "id": "56fb8dba8ddada1400cd64e3", "answers": [{"text": "Palaeologi", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Second Bulgarian Empire and the Kingdom of Serbia, what polity controlled the former Byzantine Balkan lands?", "id": "56fb8dba8ddada1400cd64e4", "answers": [{"text": "Venice", "answer_start": 486}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What tribe of Turks emerged in 13th century Anatolia?", "id": "56fb8dba8ddada1400cd64e5", "answers": [{"text": "Ottomans", "answer_start": 573}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Bulgaria become a vassal of the Ottomans?", "id": "56fb8dba8ddada1400cd64e6", "answers": [{"text": "1366", "answer_start": 767}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was defeated at the Battle of Kosovo?", "id": "56fb8dba8ddada1400cd64e7", "answers": [{"text": "Serbia", "answer_start": 788}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although the Palaeologi emperors recaptured Constantinople from the Western Europeans in 1261, they were never able to regain control of much of the former imperial lands. They usually controlled only a small section of the Balkan Peninsula near Constantinople, the city itself, and some coastal lands on the Black Sea and around the Aegean Sea. The former Byzantine lands in the Balkans were divided between the new Kingdom of Serbia, the Second Bulgarian Empire and the city-state of Venice. The power of the Byzantine emperors was threatened by a new Turkish tribe, the Ottomans, who established themselves in Anatolia in the 13th century and steadily expanded throughout the 14th century. The Ottomans expanded into Europe, reducing Bulgaria to a vassal state by 1366 and taking over Serbia after its defeat at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389. Western Europeans rallied to the plight of the Christians in the Balkans and declared a new crusade in 1396; a great army was sent to the Balkans, where it was defeated at the Battle of Nicopolis. Constantinople was finally captured by the Ottomans in 1453."}], ["Negara-negara berskala kerajaan yang kuat, meningkat di seluruh Eropah pada Abad Pertengahan, khususnya di England, Perancis, dan kerajaan Kristian Semenanjung Iberia: Aragon, Castile, dan Portugal. Konflik lama dalam tempoh itu menguatkan kawalan diraja ke atas kerajaan mereka dan sangat keras terhadap golongan petani. Raja-raja mendapat keuntungan dari peperangan yang memperluaskan undang-undang diraja dan meningkatkan tanah yang mereka terus dikawal. Membayar peperangan memerlukan kaedah perpajakan menjadi lebih berkesan dan efisien, dan kadar cukai sering meningkat. Keperluan untuk mendapatkan persetujuan pembayar cukai membenarkan badan-badan wakil seperti Parlimen Inggeris dan Perancis Estates General untuk mendapatkan kuasa dan kuasa. <> Bersama dengan Aragon dan Castile, apakah kerajaan Kristian yang hadir di Semenanjung Iberia? || Portugal <> Mengapa raja-raja meningkatkan kadar cukai dalam tempoh ini? || Membayar peperangan <> Apakah badan perwakilan bahasa Inggeris memberi persetujuan untuk cukai royal? || Parlimen <> Apakah badan Perancis sama dengan tujuan untuk Parlimen Inggeris? || Estates General <> Apakah kelas sosial telah dirugikan oleh peperangan yang panjang di zaman ini? || petani", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Aragon and Castile, what Christian kingdom was present on the Iberian Peninsula?", "id": "56fb896db28b3419009f1e16", "answers": [{"text": "Portugal", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did kings increase the tax rate during this period?", "id": "56fb896db28b3419009f1e17", "answers": [{"text": "Paying for the wars", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What English representative body provided consent for royal taxation?", "id": "56fb896db28b3419009f1e18", "answers": [{"text": "Parliament", "answer_start": 667}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What French body was similar in purpose to the English Parliament?", "id": "56fb896db28b3419009f1e19", "answers": [{"text": "Estates General", "answer_start": 693}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What social class was harmed by the lengthy wars of this era?", "id": "56fb896db28b3419009f1e1a", "answers": [{"text": "the peasantry", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Strong, royalty-based nation states rose throughout Europe in the Late Middle Ages, particularly in England, France, and the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula: Aragon, Castile, and Portugal. The long conflicts of the period strengthened royal control over their kingdoms and were extremely hard on the peasantry. Kings profited from warfare that extended royal legislation and increased the lands they directly controlled. Paying for the wars required that methods of taxation become more effective and efficient, and the rate of taxation often increased. The requirement to obtain the consent of taxpayers allowed representative bodies such as the English Parliament and the French Estates General to gain power and authority."}], ["Di zaman moden Jerman, Empayar Rom Suci terus memerintah, tetapi sifat mahkota mahkota elektif bermakna tidak ada dinasti yang berkekalan di mana keadaan yang kuat dapat dibentuk. Di sebelah timur, kerajaan-kerajaan Poland, Hungary, dan Bohemia bertambah kuat. Di Iberia, kerajaan Kristian terus mendapat tanah dari kerajaan-kerajaan Islam semenanjung; Portugal tertumpu kepada berkembang di luar negara pada abad ke-15, sementara kerajaan-kerajaan lain telah mengalami kesulitan atas penggantian diraja dan kebimbangan lain. Selepas kalah Perang Seratus Tahun, England terus mengalami perang saudara yang lama yang dikenali sebagai Perang Mawar, yang bertahan pada 1490 dan hanya berakhir apabila Henry Tudor (1485-1509 sebagai Henry VII) menjadi raja dan disatukan berkuasa dengan kemenangannya terhadap Richard III (1483-85) di Bosworth pada 1485. Di Scandinavia, Margaret I dari Denmark (Denmark di 1387-1412) menyatukan Norway, Denmark, dan Sweden dalam Kesatuan Kalmar, yang berterusan sehingga 1523. Kuasa utama di sekitar Laut Baltik adalah Liga Hanseatic, sebuah persekutuan komersial negeri-negeri bandar yang didagangkan dari Eropah Barat ke Rusia. Scotland muncul dari penguasaan bahasa Inggeris di bawah Robert the Bruce (r 1306-29), yang memperoleh pengiktirafan paus pemerintahannya pada tahun 1328. Bersama dengan Poland dan Hungary, apakah negara Eropah Timur yang bertambah kuat? || Bohemia <> Selama abad apa Portugal mengabdikan diri untuk pengembangan luar negeri? || 15 <Apa bangsa yang kehilangan Perang Seratus Tahun? || England <> Apakah nama rasmi Henry Tudor? || Henry VII <> Bersama dengan Denmark dan Sweden, negara apakah yang menjadi sebahagian daripada Kesatuan Kalmar? || Norway", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Poland and Hungary, what Eastern European state grew in power?", "id": "56fb8d378ddada1400cd64d9", "answers": [{"text": "Bohemia", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what century did Portugal devote itself to overseas expansion?", "id": "56fb8d378ddada1400cd64da", "answers": [{"text": "15th", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nation lost the Hundred Years' War?", "id": "56fb8d378ddada1400cd64db", "answers": [{"text": "England", "answer_start": 560}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the regnal name of Henry Tudor?", "id": "56fb8d378ddada1400cd64dc", "answers": [{"text": "Henry VII", "answer_start": 712}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Denmark and Sweden, what country was part of the Union of Kalmar?", "id": "56fb8d378ddada1400cd64dd", "answers": [{"text": "Norway", "answer_start": 903}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In modern-day Germany, the Holy Roman Empire continued to rule, but the elective nature of the imperial crown meant there was no enduring dynasty around which a strong state could form. Further east, the kingdoms of Poland, Hungary, and Bohemia grew powerful. In Iberia, the Christian kingdoms continued to gain land from the Muslim kingdoms of the peninsula; Portugal concentrated on expanding overseas during the 15th century, while the other kingdoms were riven by difficulties over royal succession and other concerns. After losing the Hundred Years' War, England went on to suffer a long civil war known as the Wars of the Roses, which lasted into the 1490s and only ended when Henry Tudor (r. 1485\u20131509 as Henry VII) became king and consolidated power with his victory over Richard III (r. 1483\u201385) at Bosworth in 1485. In Scandinavia, Margaret I of Denmark (r. in Denmark 1387\u20131412) consolidated Norway, Denmark, and Sweden in the Union of Kalmar, which continued until 1523. The major power around the Baltic Sea was the Hanseatic League, a commercial confederation of city states that traded from Western Europe to Russia. Scotland emerged from English domination under Robert the Bruce (r. 1306\u201329), who secured papal recognition of his kingship in 1328."}], ["Masalah ini diikuti pada tahun 1347 oleh Kematian Hitam, pandemik yang tersebar di seluruh Eropah dalam tempoh tiga tahun berikutnya. [AC] Jumlah kematian mungkin kira-kira 35 juta orang di Eropah, sekitar satu pertiga daripada populasi. Bandar-bandar sangat teruk akibat keadaan mereka yang penuh sesak. [AD] Kawasan luas tanah ditinggalkan jarang tinggal, dan di beberapa tempat padang ditinggalkan tanpa batu. Upah meningkat apabila tuan-tuan tanah berusaha untuk menarik pekerja berkurangan yang ada ke ladang mereka. Masalah lebih lanjut adalah sewa yang lebih rendah dan permintaan yang lebih rendah untuk makanan, yang kedua-duanya memotong pendapatan pertanian. Pekerja bandar juga merasakan bahawa mereka berhak mendapat pendapatan yang lebih tinggi, dan pemberontakan yang popular berlaku di seluruh Eropah. Antara pemberontakan adalah jacquerie di Perancis, Pemberontakan Petani di England, dan pemberontakan di kota Florence di Itali dan Ghent dan Bruges di Flanders. Trauma wabak itu membawa kepada ketakwaan yang semakin meningkat di seluruh Eropah, yang diwujudkan oleh asas badan amal baru, pemalsuan diri para pelanggar hukum, dan penangkapan orang Yahudi. Keadaan-keadaan tidak dapat diselesaikan lagi oleh kembalinya wabak sepanjang abad ke-14; ia terus menyerang Eropah secara berkala sepanjang tempoh Zaman Pertengahan. <> Kapan Kematian Hitam bermula? || 1347 <> Berapa juta orang meninggal dunia akibat Kematian Hitam? || 35 <> Apa pemberontakan yang popular berlaku di Perancis dalam tempoh ini? || the jacquerie <> Apa pemberontakan popular Inggeris berlaku dalam tempoh ini? || Pemberontakan Para Petani <> Apa bandar Itali mengalami pemberontakan yang popular? || Florence", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Black Death start?", "id": "56fb879b8ddada1400cd64cf", "answers": [{"text": "1347", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many million people died from the Black Death?", "id": "56fb879b8ddada1400cd64d0", "answers": [{"text": "35", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What popular uprising occurred in France during this period?", "id": "56fb879b8ddada1400cd64d1", "answers": [{"text": "the jacquerie", "answer_start": 744}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What English popular revolt took place during this period?", "id": "56fb879b8ddada1400cd64d2", "answers": [{"text": "the Peasants' Revolt", "answer_start": 769}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Italian city experienced a popular revolt?", "id": "56fb879b8ddada1400cd64d3", "answers": [{"text": "Florence", "answer_start": 831}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "These troubles were followed in 1347 by the Black Death, a pandemic that spread throughout Europe during the following three years.[AC] The death toll was probably about 35 million people in Europe, about one-third of the population. Towns were especially hard-hit because of their crowded conditions.[AD] Large areas of land were left sparsely inhabited, and in some places fields were left unworked. Wages rose as landlords sought to entice the reduced number of available workers to their fields. Further problems were lower rents and lower demand for food, both of which cut into agricultural income. Urban workers also felt that they had a right to greater earnings, and popular uprisings broke out across Europe. Among the uprisings were the jacquerie in France, the Peasants' Revolt in England, and revolts in the cities of Florence in Italy and Ghent and Bruges in Flanders. The trauma of the plague led to an increased piety throughout Europe, manifested by the foundation of new charities, the self-mortification of the flagellants, and the scapegoating of Jews. Conditions were further unsettled by the return of the plague throughout the rest of the 14th century; it continued to strike Europe periodically during the rest of the Middle Ages."}], ["Sepanjang abad ke-14, raja-raja Perancis berusaha untuk mengembangkan pengaruh mereka dengan mengorbankan kepemilikan wilayah bangsawan. Mereka menghadapi kesulitan ketika cuba merampas kepemilikan raja-raja Inggeris di selatan Perancis, yang membawa kepada Perang Seratus Tahun, yang dilancarkan dari tahun 1337 hingga 1453. Awal dalam perang Inggeris di bawah Edward III (1327-77) dan beliau anak Edward, Putera Hitam (1376), [AF] memenangi pertempuran Cr\u00e9cy dan Poitiers, menawan bandar Calais, dan memenangi banyak Perancis. [AG] Tekanan yang terhasil hampir menyebabkan perpecahan Perancis kerajaan pada tahun-tahun awal perang. Pada awal abad ke-15, Perancis sekali lagi hampir mendekati, tetapi pada akhir 1420-an kejayaan ketenteraan Joan of Arc (1431) membawa kepada kemenangan Perancis dan penangkapan harta benda Inggeris terakhir di selatan Perancis pada tahun 1453 Harga harganya tinggi, kerana penduduk Perancis pada akhir Perang mungkin setengah dari apa yang berlaku pada permulaan konflik itu. Sebaliknya, Wars mempunyai kesan positif terhadap identiti bangsa Inggeris, yang banyak dilakukan untuk menggabungkan pelbagai identiti tempatan menjadi ideal bahasa Inggeris nasional. Konflik dengan Perancis juga membantu mewujudkan budaya kebangsaan di England yang terpisah dari budaya Perancis, yang sebelum ini menjadi pengaruh dominan. Penguasaan lengan panjang Inggeris bermula pada peringkat awal Perang Seratus Tahun, dan meriam muncul di medan perang di Cr\u00e9cy pada tahun 1346. <> Bilakah Perang Seratus Tahun bermula? || 1337 <> Apa nama panggilan Edward Edward anak lelaki Edward? || Putera Hitam <> Kapan pemerintahan Edward III bermula? || 1327 <> Bersama dengan Poitiers, apakah tapak kemenangan hebat oleh England Edward III mengenai Perancis? || Cr\u00e9cy <> Apa dekad yang melihat kemenangan Joan of Arc? || 1420s", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Hundred Years' War begin?", "id": "56fb8a1cb28b3419009f1e20", "answers": [{"text": "1337", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the nickname of Edward III's son Edward?", "id": "56fb8a1cb28b3419009f1e21", "answers": [{"text": "the Black Prince", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the reign of Edward III begin?", "id": "56fb8a1cb28b3419009f1e22", "answers": [{"text": "1327", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Poitiers, what was the site of a notable victory by Edward III's England over the French?", "id": "56fb8a1cb28b3419009f1e23", "answers": [{"text": "Cr\u00e9cy", "answer_start": 436}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What decade saw the victories of Joan of Arc?", "id": "56fb8a1cb28b3419009f1e24", "answers": [{"text": "1420s", "answer_start": 719}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Throughout the 14th century, French kings sought to expand their influence at the expense of the territorial holdings of the nobility. They ran into difficulties when attempting to confiscate the holdings of the English kings in southern France, leading to the Hundred Years' War, waged from 1337 to 1453. Early in the war the English under Edward III (r. 1327\u201377) and his son Edward, the Black Prince (d. 1376),[AF] won the battles of Cr\u00e9cy and Poitiers, captured the city of Calais, and won control of much of France.[AG] The resulting stresses almost caused the disintegration of the French kingdom during the early years of the war. In the early 15th century, France again came close to dissolving, but in the late 1420s the military successes of Joan of Arc (d. 1431) led to the victory of the French and the capture of the last English possessions in southern France in 1453. The price was high, as the population of France at the end of the Wars was likely half what it had been at the start of the conflict. Conversely, the Wars had a positive effect on English national identity, doing much to fuse the various local identities into a national English ideal. The conflict with France also helped create a national culture in England separate from French culture, which had previously been the dominant influence. The dominance of the English longbow began during early stages of the Hundred Years' War, and cannon appeared on the battlefield at Cr\u00e9cy in 1346."}], ["Kepausan selanjutnya telah memperhalusi amalan di Misa pada Abad Pertengahan, yang memegang bahawa para pendeta hanya dibenarkan untuk mengambil wain dalam Ekaristi. Ini seterusnya menjauhkan orang awam sekular dari paderi. Orang awam meneruskan amalan ziarah, penghormatan peninggalan, dan kepercayaan terhadap kuasa Iblis. Mistik seperti Meister Eckhart (1327) dan Thomas \u00e0 Kempis (1471) menulis karya yang mengajar orang awam untuk memberi tumpuan kepada kehidupan rohani dalaman mereka, yang meletakkan asas bagi Reformasi Protestan. Di samping mistisisme, kepercayaan ahli-ahli sihir dan ilmu sihir semakin meluas, dan pada akhir abad ke-15, Gereja mula memberi kepercayaan kepada ketakutan populistik tentang ilmu sihir dengan pengkhianatan para penyihir pada tahun 1484 dan penerbitan pada tahun 1486 dari Malleus Maleficarum, buku panduan yang paling popular untuk pemburu sihir. <> Pada Abad Pertengahan, yang dibenarkan minum arak di Massa? || ulama <> Bilakah Thomas \u00e0 Kempis mati? || 1471 <> Pada tahun apakah Gereja mengutuk ahli sihir? || 1484 <> Dalam tahun apakah Malleus Maleficarum diterbitkan? || 1486 <> Apakah Malleus Maleficarum? || buku panduan untuk pemburu sihir", {"qas": [{"question": "In the Late Middle Ages, who was allowed to drink wine at Mass?", "id": "56fb9117b28b3419009f1e34", "answers": [{"text": "the clergy", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Thomas \u00e0 Kempis die?", "id": "56fb9117b28b3419009f1e35", "answers": [{"text": "1471", "answer_start": 394}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Church condemn witches?", "id": "56fb9117b28b3419009f1e36", "answers": [{"text": "1484", "answer_start": 738}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the Malleus Maleficarum published?", "id": "56fb9117b28b3419009f1e37", "answers": [{"text": "1486", "answer_start": 766}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the Malleus Maleficarum?", "id": "56fb9117b28b3419009f1e38", "answers": [{"text": "handbook for witch-hunters", "answer_start": 816}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The papacy further refined the practice in the Mass in the Late Middle Ages, holding that the clergy alone was allowed to partake of the wine in the Eucharist. This further distanced the secular laity from the clergy. The laity continued the practices of pilgrimages, veneration of relics, and belief in the power of the Devil. Mystics such as Meister Eckhart (d. 1327) and Thomas \u00e0 Kempis (d. 1471) wrote works that taught the laity to focus on their inner spiritual life, which laid the groundwork for the Protestant Reformation. Besides mysticism, belief in witches and witchcraft became widespread, and by the late 15th century the Church had begun to lend credence to populist fears of witchcraft with its condemnation of witches in 1484 and the publication in 1486 of the Malleus Maleficarum, the most popular handbook for witch-hunters."}], ["Pada awal abad ke-15, negara-negara semenanjung Iberia mula menaja penerokaan di luar sempadan Eropah. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal (1460) menghantar ekspedisi yang menemui Kepulauan Canary, Azores, dan Cape Verde semasa hayatnya. Selepas kematiannya, penerokaan terus; Bartolomeu Dias (sekitar 1500) pergi mengelilingi Cape of Good Hope pada tahun 1486 dan Vasco da Gama (1524) berlayar mengelilingi Afrika ke India pada tahun 1498. Gabungan monarki Spanyol Castile dan Aragon menaja pelayaran penerokaan oleh Christopher Columbus ( d. 1506) pada tahun 1492 yang menemui Amerika. Mahkota Inggeris di bawah Henry VII menaja pelayaran John Cabot (1498) pada tahun 1497, yang mendarat di Pulau Cape Breton. <> Penjelajah dalam penguasaan bangsa apa yang menemui Azores? || Portugal <> Apa pemimpin menaja ekspedisi yang menemui Cape Verde? || Putera Henry Navigator <> Apa peneroka Portugis melawat India pada tahun 1498? || Vasco da Gama <> Apa yang ditemui Christopher Columbus pada tahun 1492? || the Americas <> Apa monarki Inggeris yang dibiayai John Cabot? || Henry VII", {"qas": [{"question": "Explorers in the employ of what nation discovered the Azores?", "id": "56fb9339b28b3419009f1e3e", "answers": [{"text": "Portugal", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What leader sponsored the expedition that discovered Cape Verde?", "id": "56fb9339b28b3419009f1e3f", "answers": [{"text": "Prince Henry the Navigator", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Portuguese explorer visited India in 1498?", "id": "56fb9339b28b3419009f1e40", "answers": [{"text": "Vasco da Gama", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Christopher Columbus discover in 1492?", "id": "56fb9339b28b3419009f1e41", "answers": [{"text": "the Americas", "answer_start": 601}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What English monarch financed John Cabot?", "id": "56fb9339b28b3419009f1e42", "answers": [{"text": "Henry VII", "answer_start": 639}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the early 15th century, the countries of the Iberian peninsula began to sponsor exploration beyond the boundaries of Europe. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal (d. 1460) sent expeditions that discovered the Canary Islands, the Azores, and Cape Verde during his lifetime. After his death, exploration continued; Bartolomeu Dias (d. 1500) went around the Cape of Good Hope in 1486 and Vasco da Gama (d. 1524) sailed around Africa to India in 1498. The combined Spanish monarchies of Castile and Aragon sponsored the voyage of exploration by Christopher Columbus (d. 1506) in 1492 that discovered the Americas. The English crown under Henry VII sponsored the voyage of John Cabot (d. 1498) in 1497, which landed on Cape Breton Island."}], ["Penerbitan kesusasteraan vernakular meningkat, dengan Dante (1321), Petrarch (1374) dan Giovanni Boccaccio (1375) pada abad ke-14 Itali, Geoffrey Chaucer (1400) dan William Langland (dk 1386) England, dan Fran\u00e7ois Villon (1464) dan Christine de Pizan (dk 1430) di Perancis. Banyak kesusasteraan kekal bersifat keagamaan, dan walaupun banyaknya terus ditulis dalam bahasa Latin, permintaan baru yang dibangunkan untuk kehidupan orang-orang kudus dan saluran devotional lain dalam bahasa vernakular. Ini dimakan oleh pertumbuhan pergerakan Devotio Moderna, yang paling menonjol dalam pembentukan Saudara-saudara dari Kehidupan Umum, tetapi juga dalam karya-karya mistik Jerman seperti Meister Eckhart dan Johannes Tauler (1361). Teater juga dibangunkan dengan nama samaran yang dimainkan oleh Gereja. Pada akhir tempoh, perkembangan akhbar percetakan pada tahun 1450 membawa kepada penubuhan rumah penerbitan di seluruh Eropah sebanyak 1500. <> Bersama dengan Dante dan Boccaccio, yang merupakan pengarang Itali terkenal abad ke-14? || Petrarch <> Bilakah Chaucer mati? || 1400 <> Siapa pengarang perempuan Perancis terkenal dalam tempoh ini? || Christine de Pizan <> Dalam bahasa mana yang paling sastera agama dalam tempoh ini ditulis? || Latin <> Bersama dengan Johannes Tauler, yang merupakan mistik Jerman terkenal dalam tempoh ini? || Meister Eckhart", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with Dante and Boccaccio, who was a notable Italian author of the 14th century?", "id": "56fb92c78ddada1400cd650b", "answers": [{"text": "Petrarch", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Chaucer die?", "id": "56fb92c78ddada1400cd650c", "answers": [{"text": "1400", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was a notable female French author of this period?", "id": "56fb92c78ddada1400cd650d", "answers": [{"text": "Christine de Pizan", "answer_start": 256}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what language was most religious literature of this period written?", "id": "56fb92c78ddada1400cd650e", "answers": [{"text": "Latin", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Johannes Tauler, who was a prominent German mystic of this period?", "id": "56fb92c78ddada1400cd650f", "answers": [{"text": "Meister Eckhart", "answer_start": 690}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The publication of vernacular literature increased, with Dante (d. 1321), Petrarch (d. 1374) and Giovanni Boccaccio (d. 1375) in 14th-century Italy, Geoffrey Chaucer (d. 1400) and William Langland (d. c. 1386) in England, and Fran\u00e7ois Villon (d. 1464) and Christine de Pizan (d. c. 1430) in France. Much literature remained religious in character, and although a great deal of it continued to be written in Latin, a new demand developed for saints' lives and other devotional tracts in the vernacular languages. This was fed by the growth of the Devotio Moderna movement, most prominently in the formation of the Brethren of the Common Life, but also in the works of German mystics such as Meister Eckhart and Johannes Tauler (d. 1361). Theatre also developed in the guise of miracle plays put on by the Church. At the end of the period, the development of the printing press in about 1450 led to the establishment of publishing houses throughout Europe by 1500."}], ["Skema arca luaran yang besar gereja-gereja awal Gothic memberi laluan kepada lebih banyak arca di dalam bangunan, kerana makam menjadi lebih rumit dan ciri-ciri lain seperti mimbar kadang-kadang mewah diukir, seperti di Pulpit oleh Giovanni Pisano di Sant'Andrea. Lukisan hiasan kayu yang dicat atau diukir menjadi biasa, terutamanya apabila gereja-gereja menghasilkan banyak gereja-gereja. Lukisan awal Netherlandish oleh artis-artis seperti Jan van Eyck (d. 1441) dan Rogier van der Weyden (d. 1464) menandingi Itali, seperti juga naskah utara yang diterangi, yang pada abad ke-15 mulai dikumpulkan secara besar-besaran oleh elit sekular, yang juga menugaskan buku sekular, terutama sejarah. Dari kira-kira 1450 buku bercetak cepat menjadi popular, walaupun masih mahal. Terdapat kira-kira 30,000 edisi incunabula yang berlainan, atau kerja-kerja dicetak sebelum 1500, di mana manuskrip yang diterangi masa telah ditugaskan hanya oleh royalti dan beberapa yang lain. Kacang-kacangan yang sangat kecil, hampir semua agama, mampu dimiliki bahkan oleh para petani di bahagian-bahagian Eropah Utara dari pertengahan abad ke-15. Ukiran lebih mahal membekalkan pasaran yang lebih kaya dengan pelbagai imej. <> Siapa yang mengukir Pulpit di Sant'Andrea? || Giovanni Pisano <> Bersama dengan diukir, bagaimana altarpieces sering dihiasi dalam tempoh ini? || Painted <> Bilakah Rogier van der Weyden mati? || 1464 <> Of what nationality was Jan van Eyck? || Netherlandish <> Apa maksud incunabula? || kerja bercetak sebelum 1500", {"qas": [{"question": "Who carved the Pulpit in Sant'Andrea?", "id": "56fb955db28b3419009f1e66", "answers": [{"text": "Giovanni Pisano", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with being carved, how were altarpieces often decorated in this period?", "id": "56fb955db28b3419009f1e67", "answers": [{"text": "Painted", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Rogier van der Weyden die?", "id": "56fb955db28b3419009f1e68", "answers": [{"text": "1464", "answer_start": 471}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Of what nationality was Jan van Eyck?", "id": "56fb955db28b3419009f1e69", "answers": [{"text": "Netherlandish", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does incunabula refer to?", "id": "56fb955db28b3419009f1e6a", "answers": [{"text": "works printed before 1500", "answer_start": 825}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The large external sculptural schemes of Early Gothic churches gave way to more sculpture inside the building, as tombs became more elaborate and other features such as pulpits were sometimes lavishly carved, as in the Pulpit by Giovanni Pisano in Sant'Andrea. Painted or carved wooden relief altarpieces became common, especially as churches created many side-chapels. Early Netherlandish painting by artists such as Jan van Eyck (d. 1441) and Rogier van der Weyden (d. 1464) rivalled that of Italy, as did northern illuminated manuscripts, which in the 15th century began to be collected on a large scale by secular elites, who also commissioned secular books, especially histories. From about 1450 printed books rapidly became popular, though still expensive. There were around 30,000 different editions of incunabula, or works printed before 1500, by which time illuminated manuscripts were commissioned only by royalty and a few others. Very small woodcuts, nearly all religious, were affordable even by peasants in parts of Northern Europe from the middle of the 15th century. More expensive engravings supplied a wealthier market with a variety of images."}], ["Salah satu perkembangan utama dalam bidang ketenteraan semasa Abad Pertengahan adalah peningkatan penggunaan infantri dan berkuda ringan. Bahasa Inggeris juga menggunakan orang tengah, tetapi negara-negara lain tidak dapat membuat daya yang sama dengan kejayaan yang sama. Armor terus maju, didorong oleh kuasa silang silang yang semakin meningkat, dan perisai plat telah dibangunkan untuk melindungi askar-askar dari busur silang serta senjata yang dipegang tangan. Lengan pole mencapai kemunculan baru dengan perkembangan infantri Flemish dan Switzerland bersenjata dengan pikes dan tombak panjang lain. <> Bersama dengan pasukan berkuda ringan, apa lengan militer yang digunakan dengan peningkatan kekerapan pada Abad Pertengahan? || infanteri <> Apa tentera yang berjaya dalam perkhidmatan bahasa Inggeris? || longbowmen <> Apa yang mempengaruhi perkembangan perisai? || kuasa yang semakin meningkat dari silang silang <> Senjata apa yang dipergunakan oleh infantri Switzerland? || pikes <> Bersama dengan busur silang, apakah perisai plat yang direka untuk mempertahankan diri? || senapang tangan", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with light cavalry, what military arm was used with increasing frequency in the Late Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb93b3b28b3419009f1e48", "answers": [{"text": "infantry", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What troops were uniquely successful in English service?", "id": "56fb93b3b28b3419009f1e49", "answers": [{"text": "longbowmen", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What influenced the increasing development of armor?", "id": "56fb93b3b28b3419009f1e4a", "answers": [{"text": "the increasing power of crossbows", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What weapons were notably employed by the Swiss infantry?", "id": "56fb93b3b28b3419009f1e4b", "answers": [{"text": "pikes", "answer_start": 543}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with crossbows, what was plate armor designed to defend against?", "id": "56fb93b3b28b3419009f1e4c", "answers": [{"text": "hand-held guns", "answer_start": 408}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One of the major developments in the military sphere during the Late Middle Ages was the increased use of infantry and light cavalry. The English also employed longbowmen, but other countries were unable to create similar forces with the same success. Armour continued to advance, spurred by the increasing power of crossbows, and plate armour was developed to protect soldiers from crossbows as well as the hand-held guns that were developed. Pole arms reached new prominence with the development of the Flemish and Swiss infantry armed with pikes and other long spears."}], ["Dalam bidang pertanian, peningkatan penggunaan kambing biri-biri dengan bulu yang berambut panjang membolehkan benang yang kuat diputar. Di samping itu, roda berputar telah menggantikan selendang tradisional untuk bulu berputar, pengeluaran tiga kali ganda. [AI] Penambahbaikan teknologi yang kurang baik yang masih banyak mempengaruhi kehidupan seharian adalah menggunakan butang sebagai penutupan untuk pakaian, yang membolehkan pemasangan yang lebih baik tanpa perlu pakaian renda pada pemakai. Kincir angin telah ditapis dengan penciptaan kilang menara, yang membolehkan bahagian atas kincir angin diputar ke hadapan untuk menghadapi arah yang angin bertiup. Relau letupan itu muncul sekitar 1350 di Sweden, meningkatkan kuantiti besi yang dihasilkan dan meningkatkan kualitinya. Undang-undang paten pertama pada tahun 1447 di Venice melindungi hak pencipta untuk ciptaan mereka. <> Apa yang digantikan oleh roda berputar? || kain tradisional <> Apa ciptaan menggantikan tali pada pakaian? || butang <> Apakah jenis kincir angin yang baru dicipta dalam tempoh ini? || kilang menara <> Di negara apa yang pertama kali muncul relau letupan? || Sweden <> Di manakah undang-undang paten berasal? || Venice", {"qas": [{"question": "What was replaced by the spinning wheel?", "id": "56fb942cb28b3419009f1e52", "answers": [{"text": "the traditional distaff", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What invention replaced laces on clothing?", "id": "56fb942cb28b3419009f1e53", "answers": [{"text": "buttons", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What new type of windmill was invented in this period?", "id": "56fb942cb28b3419009f1e54", "answers": [{"text": "the tower mill", "answer_start": 458}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what country did the blast furnace first appear?", "id": "56fb942cb28b3419009f1e55", "answers": [{"text": "Sweden", "answer_start": 629}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did patent law originate?", "id": "56fb942cb28b3419009f1e56", "answers": [{"text": "Venice", "answer_start": 737}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In agriculture, the increased usage of sheep with long-fibred wool allowed a stronger thread to be spun. In addition, the spinning wheel replaced the traditional distaff for spinning wool, tripling production.[AI] A less technological refinement that still greatly affected daily life was the use of buttons as closures for garments, which allowed for better fitting without having to lace clothing on the wearer. Windmills were refined with the creation of the tower mill, allowing the upper part of the windmill to be spun around to face the direction from which the wind was blowing. The blast furnace appeared around 1350 in Sweden, increasing the quantity of iron produced and improving its quality. The first patent law in 1447 in Venice protected the rights of inventors to their inventions."}], ["Pendidikan tetap tertumpu kepada latihan para pendeta masa depan. Pengajaran dasar huruf dan angka tetap menjadi provinsi keluarga atau imam desa, tetapi subjek menengah tatabahasa-tatabahasa, retorik, logika-dipelajari di sekolah katedral atau di sekolah-sekolah yang disediakan oleh kota. Sekolah menengah komersial merebak, dan beberapa bandar di Itali mempunyai lebih dari satu perusahaan sedemikian. Universiti juga tersebar di seluruh Eropah pada abad ke-14 dan ke-15. Kadar celik huruf meningkat naik, tetapi masih rendah; satu anggaran memberi kadar celik huruf sepuluh peratus lelaki dan satu peratus perempuan dalam 1500. <> Apa tujuan utama pendidikan dalam tempoh ini? || latihan para ulama masa depan <> Bersama dengan retorik dan logik, apa yang menjadi trivium? || tatabahasa <> Berapa peratus peratusan orang Eropah yang melek huruf pada tahun 1500? || sepuluh <> Pada tahun 1500, kira-kira berapa peratus wanita Eropah boleh membaca? || satu <> Bersama keluarga mereka, yang biasanya mengajar huruf dan nombor kanak-kanak? || seorang imam kampung", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the main purpose of education in this period?", "id": "56fb92688ddada1400cd6501", "answers": [{"text": "training of future clergy", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with rhetoric and logic, what constituted the trivium?", "id": "56fb92688ddada1400cd6502", "answers": [{"text": "grammar", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "About what percentage of European men were literate in 1500?", "id": "56fb92688ddada1400cd6503", "answers": [{"text": "ten", "answer_start": 558}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1500, approximately what percent of European women could read?", "id": "56fb92688ddada1400cd6504", "answers": [{"text": "one", "answer_start": 584}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with their family, who typically taught a child letters and numbers?", "id": "56fb92688ddada1400cd6505", "answers": [{"text": "a village priest", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Education remained mostly focused on the training of future clergy. The basic learning of the letters and numbers remained the province of the family or a village priest, but the secondary subjects of the trivium\u2014grammar, rhetoric, logic\u2014were studied in cathedral schools or in schools provided by cities. Commercial secondary schools spread, and some Italian towns had more than one such enterprise. Universities also spread throughout Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries. Lay literacy rates rose, but were still low; one estimate gave a literacy rate of ten per cent of males and one per cent of females in 1500."}], ["Zaman Pertengahan Akhir di Eropah secara keseluruhan sesuai dengan zaman budaya Trecento dan Renaissance Awal di Itali. Eropah Utara dan Sepanyol terus menggunakan gaya Gothik, yang menjadi semakin rumit pada abad ke-15, sehingga hampir berakhirnya tempoh tersebut. Gothic antarabangsa adalah gaya yang meragukan yang mencapai banyak Eropah pada dekad sekitar tahun 1400, menghasilkan karya-karya seperti Tr\u00e8s Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. Seluruh lukisan seni sekular Eropah terus meningkat dalam kuantiti dan kualiti, dan pada abad ke-15 kelas-kelas perdagangan di Itali dan Flanders menjadi pelanggan penting, mengurus potret kecil diri mereka dalam minyak serta pelbagai barang mewah seperti barang kemas, gading peti besi, dada casas, dan tembikar maiolica. Objek ini juga termasuk perkakas Hispano-Moresque yang dihasilkan oleh kebanyakan puding Mud\u00e9jar di Sepanyol. Walaupun royalti mempunyai koleksi besar plat, sedikit terselamat kecuali untuk Piala Emas Diraja. Pengilangan sutera Itali dibangunkan, supaya gereja-gereja dan golongan elit barat tidak lagi perlu bergantung pada import dari Byzantium atau dunia Islam. Di Perancis dan Flanders tapestry tenunan set seperti The Lady dan Unicorn menjadi industri mewah utama. <> Sekitar tahun berapa gaya Gothic Antarabangsa berkembang? || 1400 <> Apakah karya hebat gaya Gothic Antarabangsa? || Tr\u00e8s Riches Heures du Duc de Berry <> Bersama dengan Trecento, apa tempoh yang berlaku di Itali pada Abad Pertengahan? || Awal Renaisans <> Siapa yang menghasilkan sebahagian besar tembikar Hispano-Moresque? || Mud\u00e9jar potters <> Apakah sepotong penting yang masih hidup di atas plat raja zaman akhir? || Piala Emas Diraja", {"qas": [{"question": "Around what year did the International Gothic style flourish?", "id": "56fb94f4b28b3419009f1e5c", "answers": [{"text": "1400", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a notable masterpiece of the International Gothic style?", "id": "56fb94f4b28b3419009f1e5d", "answers": [{"text": "the Tr\u00e8s Riches Heures du Duc de Berry", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with the Trecento, what period occurred in Italy during the Late Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb94f4b28b3419009f1e5e", "answers": [{"text": "Early Renaissance", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who produced most of the Hispano-Moresque pottery?", "id": "56fb94f4b28b3419009f1e5f", "answers": [{"text": "Mud\u00e9jar potters", "answer_start": 847}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a notable piece of surviving Late Middle Age royal plate?", "id": "56fb94f4b28b3419009f1e60", "answers": [{"text": "the Royal Gold Cup", "answer_start": 950}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Late Middle Ages in Europe as a whole correspond to the Trecento and Early Renaissance cultural periods in Italy. Northern Europe and Spain continued to use Gothic styles, which became increasingly elaborate in the 15th century, until almost the end of the period. International Gothic was a courtly style that reached much of Europe in the decades around 1400, producing masterpieces such as the Tr\u00e8s Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. All over Europe secular art continued to increase in quantity and quality, and in the 15th century the mercantile classes of Italy and Flanders became important patrons, commissioning small portraits of themselves in oils as well as a growing range of luxury items such as jewellery, ivory caskets, cassone chests, and maiolica pottery. These objects also included the Hispano-Moresque ware produced by mostly Mud\u00e9jar potters in Spain. Although royalty owned huge collections of plate, little survives except for the Royal Gold Cup. Italian silk manufacture developed, so that western churches and elites no longer needed to rely on imports from Byzantium or the Islamic world. In France and Flanders tapestry weaving of sets like The Lady and the Unicorn became a major luxury industry."}], ["Semasa Abad Pertengahan, ahli-ahli teologi seperti John Duns Scotus (d. 1308) [AH] dan William of Ockham (ms 1348) mengetuai reaksi terhadap skolastik, menentang penerapan sebab untuk iman. Usaha mereka meruntuhkan ide Platonik yang lazimnya \"universal\". Pengertian Ockham bahawa alasan beroperasi secara bebas dari iman membolehkan sains dipisahkan daripada teologi dan falsafah. Kajian-kajian undang-undang telah ditandakan oleh pendahuluan mantap undang-undang Rom ke bidang-bidang jurisprudensi yang pernah ditadbir oleh undang-undang adat. Pengecualian tunggal untuk trend ini adalah di England, di mana undang-undang umum tetap unggul. Negara-negara lain mengkodifikasikan undang-undang mereka; kod undang-undang telah diisytiharkan di Castile, Poland, dan Lithuania. <> Sekolah pemikiran apa yang ditentang oleh Duns Scotus? || scholasticism <> Sebelum undang-undang Rom, apakah bidang hukum yang secara tradisinya diputuskan oleh? || Undang-undang adat <> Negara apa yang tidak melihat pengaruh yang semakin meningkat dalam undang-undang Rom? || England <> Bersama dengan Castile dan Poland, negara mana yang dibangunkan kod undang-undang pada Abad Pertengahan? || Lithuania <> Apakah idea Platonik kehilangan pengaruh akibat karya Ockham dan Duns Scotus? || universiti", {"qas": [{"question": "What school of thought was Duns Scotus opposed to?", "id": "56fb91df8ddada1400cd64f7", "answers": [{"text": "scholasticism", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Before Roman law, what were areas of jurisprudence traditionally decided by?", "id": "56fb91df8ddada1400cd64f8", "answers": [{"text": "customary law", "answer_start": 513}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country did not see the increasing influence of Roman law?", "id": "56fb91df8ddada1400cd64f9", "answers": [{"text": "England", "answer_start": 568}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Castile and Poland, what country developed a law code in the Later Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb91df8ddada1400cd64fa", "answers": [{"text": "Lithuania", "answer_start": 710}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Platonic idea lost influence as a result of the work of Ockham and Duns Scotus?", "id": "56fb91df8ddada1400cd64fb", "answers": [{"text": "universals", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the Later Middle Ages, theologians such as John Duns Scotus (d. 1308)[AH] and William of Ockham (d. c. 1348), led a reaction against scholasticism, objecting to the application of reason to faith. Their efforts undermined the prevailing Platonic idea of \"universals\". Ockham's insistence that reason operates independently of faith allowed science to be separated from theology and philosophy. Legal studies were marked by the steady advance of Roman law into areas of jurisprudence previously governed by customary law. The lone exception to this trend was in England, where the common law remained pre-eminent. Other countries codified their laws; legal codes were promulgated in Castile, Poland, and Lithuania."}], ["Selain perpecahan, gereja barat telah dirasai oleh kontroversi teologi, beberapa di antaranya bertukar menjadi bidaah. John Wycliffe (1384), seorang ahli teologi Inggeris, telah dikutuk sebagai seorang heretus pada tahun 1415 kerana mengajar bahawa umat awam harus mempunyai akses kepada teks Alkitab serta untuk mengadakan pandangan tentang Ekaristi yang bertentangan dengan doktrin gereja. Ajaran Wycliffe mempengaruhi dua pergerakan bidaah utama Abad Pertengahan: Lollardy di England dan Hussitism di Bohemia. Pergerakan Bohemia memulakan pengajaran Jan Hus, yang dibakar pada pegangan itu pada 1415 setelah dikutuk sebagai bidah oleh Majlis Constance. Gereja Hussite, walaupun sasaran perang salib, terselamat di luar Zaman Pertengahan. Bidaagain lain dihasilkan, seperti tuduhan terhadap Knights Templar yang mengakibatkan penindasan mereka pada 1312 dan pembahagian kekayaan mereka yang besar antara Raja Philip IV Perancis (r 1285-1314) dan Hospitallers. <> Daripada kewarganegaraan apakah John Wycliffe? || Bahasa Inggeris <> Dalam tahun apakah Wycliffe mengisytiharkan seorang bidaah? || 1415 <> Siapa yang percaya Wycliffe harus membaca Alkitab? || umat awam <> Pergerakan Bohemia apa yang dipengaruhi oleh Wycliffe? || Hussitism <> Bagaimana Jan Hus mati? || dibakar pada pegangan", {"qas": [{"question": "Of what nationality was John Wycliffe?", "id": "56fb9055b28b3419009f1e2a", "answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Wycliffe declared a heretic?", "id": "56fb9055b28b3419009f1e2b", "answers": [{"text": "1415", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Wycliffe believe should read the Bible?", "id": "56fb9055b28b3419009f1e2c", "answers": [{"text": "the laity", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Bohemian movement was influenced by Wycliffe?", "id": "56fb9055b28b3419009f1e2d", "answers": [{"text": "Hussitism", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did Jan Hus die?", "id": "56fb9055b28b3419009f1e2e", "answers": [{"text": "burned at the stake", "answer_start": 566}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Besides the schism, the western church was riven by theological controversies, some of which turned into heresies. John Wycliffe (d. 1384), an English theologian, was condemned as a heretic in 1415 for teaching that the laity should have access to the text of the Bible as well as for holding views on the Eucharist that were contrary to church doctrine. Wycliffe's teachings influenced two of the major heretical movements of the later Middle Ages: Lollardy in England and Hussitism in Bohemia. The Bohemian movement initiated with the teaching of Jan Hus, who was burned at the stake in 1415 after being condemned as a heretic by the Council of Constance. The Hussite church, although the target of a crusade, survived beyond the Middle Ages. Other heresies were manufactured, such as the accusations against the Knights Templar that resulted in their suppression in 1312 and the division of their great wealth between the French King Philip IV (r. 1285\u20131314) and the Hospitallers."}], ["Yang lain berpendapat bahawa sebab itu umumnya dipandang tinggi semasa Zaman Pertengahan. Ahli sains sains Edward Grant menulis, \"Jika pemikiran rasional revolusi dinyatakan [pada kurun ke-18], mereka hanya dimungkinkan kerana tradisi zaman pertengahan yang menegakkan penggunaan alasan sebagai salah satu yang paling penting dalam kegiatan manusia\". Juga, bertentangan dengan kepercayaan umum, David Lindberg menulis, \"ulama zaman pertengahan abad jarang mengalami kuasa paksaan gereja dan akan menganggap dirinya bebas (khususnya dalam sains alam) untuk mengikuti alasan dan pemerhatian di mana pun mereka memimpin\". <> Apa itu Edward Grant seorang ahli sejarah? || Sains <> Siapa yang berpendapat bahawa para sarjana di Zaman Pertengahan jarang dipaksa oleh Gereja? || David Lindberg <> Menurut Grant, penggunaan zaman pertengahan sebab adalah pelopor rasionalisme revolusi abad ke berapa? || 18th", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Edward Grant a historian of?", "id": "56fb966eb28b3419009f1e78", "answers": [{"text": "Science", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who argued that scholars in the Middle Ages were rarely coerced by the Church?", "id": "56fb966eb28b3419009f1e79", "answers": [{"text": "David Lindberg", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to Grant, the medieval use of reason was the forerunner the revolutionary rationalism of what century?", "id": "56fb966eb28b3419009f1e7a", "answers": [{"text": "18th", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Others argue that reason was generally held in high regard during the Middle Ages. Science historian Edward Grant writes, \"If revolutionary rational thoughts were expressed [in the 18th century], they were only made possible because of the long medieval tradition that established the use of reason as one of the most important of human activities\". Also, contrary to common belief, David Lindberg writes, \"the late medieval scholar rarely experienced the coercive power of the church and would have regarded himself as free (particularly in the natural sciences) to follow reason and observation wherever they led\"."}], ["Tempoh zaman pertengahan kerap dijadikan sebagai \"masa kejahilan dan takhayul\" yang meletakkan \"perkataan pihak berkuasa agama atas pengalaman peribadi dan aktiviti rasional.\" Ini adalah warisan dari Renaissance dan Pencerahan, apabila para ulama membezakan budaya intelektual mereka dengan zaman pertengahan, sehingga menjejaskan Zaman Pertengahan. Ulama Renaissance menyaksikan Zaman Pertengahan sebagai tempoh penurunan dari budaya dan tamadun dunia yang klasik; Para cendekiawan pencerahan melihat alasan yang lebih tinggi daripada iman, dan dengan demikian memandang Zaman Pertengahan sebagai masa ketidaktahuan dan takhayul. <> Bersama dengan Renaissance, dalam apa tempoh yang ditakuti oleh Abad Pertengahan? || Pencerahan <> Era zaman apakah para ulama Renaissance secara negatif membandingkan Zaman Pertengahan? || Dunia Klasik <> Bagaimana para Ulama Pencerahan melihat Abad Pertengahan? || sebagai masa kejahilan dan takhayul <> Apa yang dikatakan oleh para ulama Pencerahan untuk menjadi lebih rendah daripada alasan? || iman", {"qas": [{"question": "Along with the Renaissance, during what period were the Middle Ages disparaged?", "id": "56fb95f0b28b3419009f1e70", "answers": [{"text": "Enlightenment", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What era did Renaissance scholars negatively compare the Middle Ages to?", "id": "56fb95f0b28b3419009f1e71", "answers": [{"text": "the Classical world", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did scholars of the Enlightenment see the Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb95f0b28b3419009f1e72", "answers": [{"text": "as a time of ignorance and superstition", "answer_start": 586}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Enlightenment scholars consider to be inferior to reason?", "id": "56fb95f0b28b3419009f1e73", "answers": [{"text": "faith", "answer_start": 547}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The medieval period is frequently caricatured as a \"time of ignorance and superstition\" that placed \"the word of religious authorities over personal experience and rational activity.\" This is a legacy from both the Renaissance and Enlightenment, when scholars contrasted their intellectual cultures with those of the medieval period, to the detriment of the Middle Ages. Renaissance scholars saw the Middle Ages as a period of decline from the high culture and civilisation of the Classical world; Enlightenment scholars saw reason as superior to faith, and thus viewed the Middle Ages as a time of ignorance and superstition."}], ["Caricature of the period juga dicerminkan dalam beberapa bentuk yang lebih spesifik. Satu salah tanggapan, yang pertama kali dibiakkan pada abad ke-19 dan masih sangat umum, adalah bahawa semua orang di Zaman Pertengahan percaya bahawa Bumi adalah rata. Ini tidak benar, sebagai pensyarah di universiti zaman pertengahan biasanya berpendapat bahawa bukti menunjukkan Bumi adalah sfera. Lindberg dan Ronald Numbers, sarjana lain pada masa itu, menyatakan bahawa \"hampir tidak seorang sarjana Kristian Zaman Pertengahan yang tidak mengakui sphericity [Bumi] dan bahkan mengetahui keliling anggarannya\". Kesilapan-kesilapan yang lain seperti \"Gereja melarang autopsi dan pembubaran semasa Zaman Pertengahan\", \"kebangkitan Kristian membunuh sains purba\", atau \"gereja Kristian zaman pertengahan menekankan pertumbuhan falsafah semulajadi\", semuanya dipetik oleh Nombor sebagai contoh Mitos-mitos yang meluas popular yang masih berlalu sebagai kebenaran sejarah, walaupun mereka tidak disokong oleh penyelidikan sejarah semasa. <> Sepanjang abad apa yang pertama kali dicadangkan bahawa orang-orang di Zaman Pertengahan menganggap bumi itu rata? || 19 <> Bersama dengan autopsi, apa yang salah percaya bahawa Gereja abad pertengahan melarang? || Pembedahan <> Menurut salah tanggapan, apakah kebangkitan orang Kristian menghancurkan? || sains purba <> Menurut salah tanggapan yang lain, bidang pengajaran apakah yang ditentang oleh Gereja zaman pertengahan? || falsafah semulajadi <> Bersama dengan Lindberg, yang merupakan seorang sarjana terkemuka dalam Abad Pertengahan? || Ronald Bilangan", {"qas": [{"question": "During what century was it first proposed that people in the Middle Ages thought the Earth was flat?", "id": "56fb971fb28b3419009f1e7e", "answers": [{"text": "19th", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with autopsies, what is it erroneously believed that the medieval Church forbade?", "id": "56fb971fb28b3419009f1e7f", "answers": [{"text": "dissections", "answer_start": 635}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to a misconception, what did the rise of Christianity destroy?", "id": "56fb971fb28b3419009f1e80", "answers": [{"text": "ancient science", "answer_start": 709}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to another misconception, what field of study was the medieval Church opposed to?", "id": "56fb971fb28b3419009f1e81", "answers": [{"text": "natural philosophy", "answer_start": 786}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Along with Lindberg, who is a notable scholar of the Middle Ages?", "id": "56fb971fb28b3419009f1e82", "answers": [{"text": "Ronald Numbers", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The caricature of the period is also reflected in some more specific notions. One misconception, first propagated in the 19th century and still very common, is that all people in the Middle Ages believed that the Earth was flat. This is untrue, as lecturers in the medieval universities commonly argued that evidence showed the Earth was a sphere. Lindberg and Ronald Numbers, another scholar of the period, state that there \"was scarcely a Christian scholar of the Middle Ages who did not acknowledge [Earth's] sphericity and even know its approximate circumference\". Other misconceptions such as \"the Church prohibited autopsies and dissections during the Middle Ages\", \"the rise of Christianity killed off ancient science\", or \"the medieval Christian church suppressed the growth of natural philosophy\", are all cited by Numbers as examples of widely popular myths that still pass as historical truth, although they are not supported by current historical research."}]], [["Pada tahun 1976 John Goldsmith memperkenalkan fonologi autosegmental. Fenomena fonologi tidak lagi dilihat sebagai beroperasi pada segmen segmen linear, dipanggil fonem atau kombinasi ciri, tetapi melibatkan beberapa urutan selari ciri-ciri yang berada di pelbagai peringkat. Fonologi autosegmental kemudian berkembang menjadi geometri ciri, yang menjadi teori piawai perwakilan untuk teori-teori organisasi fonologi sebagai berbeza dengan fonologi leksikal dan teori optimasi. <> Siapa yang menubuhkan fonologi autosegmental? || John Goldsmith <> Bilakah John Goldsmith berkongsi karyanya? || 1976 <> Apa fonologi Autosegmental morph menjadi? || ciri geometri <> Siapa yang mengasaskan tingkatan operasi? || <> Bilakah John Goldsmith menerbitkan karya beliau? || <> Apa yang dilakukan tiang operasi morph ke? || <> Apa yang tidak lagi dilihat sebagai beroperasi pada fonologi leksikal? || <> Apa yang menjadi teori standard fenom? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Who founded autosegmental phonology?", "id": "56fc3b342603e7140040a037", "answers": [{"text": "John Goldsmith", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did John Goldsmith share his work?", "id": "56fc3b342603e7140040a038", "answers": [{"text": "1976", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Autosegmental phonology morph into?", "id": "56fc3b342603e7140040a039", "answers": [{"text": "feature geometry", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "John Goldsmith", "answer_start": 8}], "question": "Who founded operating tiers?", "id": "5a81fdbf31013a001a335055", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1976", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When did John Goldsmith publish his work?", "id": "5a81fdbf31013a001a335056", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "feature geometry", "answer_start": 326}], "question": "What did operating tiers morph into?", "id": "5a81fdbf31013a001a335057", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Phonological phenomena", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "What are no longer seen as operating on lexical phonology?", "id": "5a81fdbf31013a001a335058", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "geometry", "answer_start": 334}], "question": "What became the standard theory of phenomes?", "id": "5a81fdbf31013a001a335059", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1976 John Goldsmith introduced autosegmental phonology. Phonological phenomena are no longer seen as operating on one linear sequence of segments, called phonemes or feature combinations, but rather as involving some parallel sequences of features which reside on multiple tiers. Autosegmental phonology later evolved into feature geometry, which became the standard theory of representation for theories of the organization of phonology as different as lexical phonology and optimality theory."}], ["Fonologi adalah cabang linguistik yang berkaitan dengan organisasi sistem bunyi dalam bahasa. Ia secara tradisinya tertumpu pada kajian sistem fonem dalam bahasa tertentu (dan oleh itu digunakan juga dipanggil fonemik, atau fonematik), tetapi ia juga boleh meliputi analisis linguistik sama ada pada tahap di bawah perkataan (termasuk suku kata, onset dan gerak isyarat, gerak artikulatori, ciri artikulatori, mora, dan lain-lain) atau di semua peringkat bahasa di mana bunyi dianggap berstruktur untuk menyampaikan makna linguistik. Fonologi juga merangkumi kajian sistem organisasi bersamaan dalam bahasa isyarat. <> Apakah fonologi cawangan? || linguistik <> Sistem apa jenis fokus fonologi tradisional? || phonemes <> Kajian bahasa isyarat adalah sebahagian daripada apa? || Phonology <> Apa artikulator cawangan? || <> Sistem apa jenis tumpuan tradisional linguistik? || <> Apakah kajian cawangan sebagai sebahagian daripada? || <> Apakah cabang di peringkat? || <> Apakah jenis sistem yang ditumpukan kepada cawangan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is phonology a branch of?", "id": "56fc2c4e00a8df19004037be", "answers": [{"text": "linguistics", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of systems are the traditional focus of phonology? ", "id": "56fc2c4e00a8df19004037bf", "answers": [{"text": "phonemes", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The study of sign language is a part of what?", "id": "56fc2c4e00a8df19004037c0", "answers": [{"text": "Phonology", "answer_start": 553}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "linguistics", "answer_start": 25}], "question": "What is articulator a branch of?", "id": "5a81e05b31013a001a334f3d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "phonemes", "answer_start": 172}], "question": "What kind of systems are the traditional focus of linguistics?", "id": "5a81e05b31013a001a334f3e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Phonology", "answer_start": 553}], "question": "What is the study of branches a part of?", "id": "5a81e05b31013a001a334f3f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Phonology", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What is a branch of levels?", "id": "5a81e05b31013a001a334f40", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "languages", "answer_start": 93}], "question": "What kind of systems did branches focus on?", "id": "5a81e05b31013a001a334f41", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Phonology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the systematic organization of sounds in languages. It has traditionally focused largely on the study of the systems of phonemes in particular languages (and therefore used to be also called phonemics, or phonematics), but it may also cover any linguistic analysis either at a level beneath the word (including syllable, onset and rime, articulatory gestures, articulatory features, mora, etc.) or at all levels of language where sound is considered to be structured for conveying linguistic meaning. Phonology also includes the study of equivalent organizational systems in sign languages."}], ["Fonologi perkataan (seperti dalam fonologi Bahasa Inggeris) juga boleh merujuk kepada sistem fonologi (sistem bunyi) bahasa tertentu. Ini adalah salah satu sistem asas yang mana bahasa dianggap terdiri, seperti sintaks dan perbendaharaan kata. <> Apa bahagian dalam bahasa yang boleh fonologi sebagai perkataan juga merujuk kepada? || sistem fonologi <> Apakah istilah lain untuk sistem fonologi? || sistem bunyi <> Selain daripada sintaks dan sistem fonologi, apa lagi yang merangkumi bahasa? || kosa kata <> Sistem bahasa apakah jenis fonologi? || asas <> Apa bahagian bahasa yang boleh kosa kata sebagai kata juga merujuk? || <> Apakah istilah lain untuk perbendaharaan kata? || <> Selain dari sintaks dan sistem fonologi apa lagi yang mengandungi perkataan? || <> Apakah sistem bahasa apa jenis perbendaharaan kata? || <> Apakah contoh perbendaharaan kata? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What part of a language can phonology as a word also refer to?", "id": "56fc2e0800a8df19004037c4", "answers": [{"text": "the phonological system", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another term for phonological system?", "id": "56fc2e0800a8df19004037c5", "answers": [{"text": "sound system", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from syntax and the phonological system, what else comprises a language?", "id": "56fc2e0800a8df19004037c6", "answers": [{"text": "vocabulary", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of language system is phonology?", "id": "56fc2e0800a8df19004037c7", "answers": [{"text": "fundamental", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the phonological system", "answer_start": 70}], "question": "What part of a language can vocabulary as a word also refer to?", "id": "5a81e42031013a001a334f7f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sound system", "answer_start": 95}], "question": "What is another term for vocabulary?", "id": "5a81e42031013a001a334f80", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "vocabulary", "answer_start": 237}], "question": "Aside from syntax and the phonological system what else comprises words?", "id": "5a81e42031013a001a334f81", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "fundamental", "answer_start": 149}], "question": "What sort of language system is vocabulary?", "id": "5a81e42031013a001a334f82", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "phonology of English", "answer_start": 30}], "question": "What is an example of vocabulary?", "id": "5a81e42031013a001a334f83", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The word phonology (as in the phonology of English) can also refer to the phonological system (sound system) of a given language. This is one of the fundamental systems which a language is considered to comprise, like its syntax and its vocabulary."}], ["Sekolah fonologi yang berpengaruh dalam tempoh interwar adalah sekolah Prague. Salah satu ahli utamanya ialah Putera Nikolai Trubetzkoy, yang Grundz\u00fcge der Phonologie (Prinsip-prinsip Phonology), diterbitkan selepas tahun 1939, adalah antara karya paling penting dalam bidang dari masa ini. Secara langsung dipengaruhi oleh Baudouin de Courtenay, Trubetzkoy dianggap sebagai pengasas morfofonologi, walaupun konsep ini juga telah diiktiraf oleh Courtenay. Trubetzkoy juga mengembangkan konsep archiphoneme. Satu lagi tokoh penting di sekolah Prague ialah Roman Jakobson, yang merupakan salah seorang ahli bahasa yang paling menonjol pada abad ke-20. <> Apakah penerbitan Nikolai Trubetzkoy? || Prinsip Phonology <> Bilakah Prinsip Phonology diterbitkan? || 1939 <> Apa yang dianggap Trubetzkoy didirikan? || morfofonologi <> Sekolah apakah yang menjadi anggota Trubetzkoy? || sekolah Prague. <> Apakah gelaran Trubetzkoy? || Putera <> Apakah penerbitan Baudouin de Courtenay? || <> Bilakah Prinsip Phonology dibuat dalam filem? || <> Apakah Courtenay dianggap telah diasaskan? || <> Sekolah apa Courtenay seorang ahli? || <> Apakah gelaran Courtenay? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Nikolai Trubetzkoy's publication?", "id": "56fc36ad2603e7140040a01b", "answers": [{"text": "Principles of Phonology", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Principles of Phonology published?", "id": "56fc36ad2603e7140040a01c", "answers": [{"text": "1939", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Trubetzkoy considered to have founded?", "id": "56fc36ad2603e7140040a01d", "answers": [{"text": "morphophonology", "answer_start": 380}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What school was Trubetzkoy a member of?", "id": "56fc36ad2603e7140040a01e", "answers": [{"text": "the Prague school.", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Trubetzkoy's title?", "id": "56fc36ad2603e7140040a01f", "answers": [{"text": "Prince", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Principles of Phonology", "answer_start": 171}], "question": "What was Baudouin de Courtenay's publication?", "id": "5a81f82431013a001a334ffd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1939", "answer_start": 223}], "question": "When was Principles of Phonology made into a movie?", "id": "5a81f82431013a001a334ffe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "morphophonology", "answer_start": 380}], "question": "What is de Courtenay considered to have founded?", "id": "5a81f82431013a001a334fff", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Prague school", "answer_start": 62}], "question": "What school was de Courtenay a member of?", "id": "5a81f82431013a001a335000", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Prince", "answer_start": 112}], "question": "What was de Courtenay's title?", "id": "5a81f82431013a001a335001", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "An influential school of phonology in the interwar period was the Prague school. One of its leading members was Prince Nikolai Trubetzkoy, whose Grundz\u00fcge der Phonologie (Principles of Phonology), published posthumously in 1939, is among the most important works in the field from this period. Directly influenced by Baudouin de Courtenay, Trubetzkoy is considered the founder of morphophonology, although this concept had also been recognized by de Courtenay. Trubetzkoy also developed the concept of the archiphoneme. Another important figure in the Prague school was Roman Jakobson, who was one of the most prominent linguists of the 20th century."}], ["Cendekiawan Poland Jan Baudouin de Courtenay (bersama-sama dengan bekas pelajarnya, Miko\u0142aj Kruszewski) memperkenalkan konsep fonem pada tahun 1876, dan kerjanya, walaupun sering tidak diketahui, dianggap sebagai titik permulaan fonologi moden. Beliau juga mengerjakan teori penggantian fonetik (yang kini dipanggil allophony dan morphophonology), dan mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kerja Ferdinand de Saussure. <> Bilakah fonem sebagai konsep yang diperkenalkan? || 1876 <> Siapa murid Jan Baudouin de Courtenay? || Miko\u0142aj Kruszewski <> Apa kewarganegaraan di Courtenay? || Bahasa Poland <> Apakah profesion de Courtenay? || ulama <> Siapa yang dipengaruhi oleh Jan Baudouin de Courtenay? || Ferdinand de Saussure <> Bilakah alofon sebagai konsep yang diperkenalkan? || <> Siapa bapa Jan Baudouin de Courtenay? || <> Apa kewarganegaraannya adalah Kruszewski? || <> Apa profesi Kruszewski? || <> Siapa yang dipengaruhi oleh Mikolaj Kruszewski? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the phoneme as a concept introduced?", "id": "56fc316300a8df19004037ea", "answers": [{"text": "1876", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was Jan Baudouin de Courtenay's student?", "id": "56fc316300a8df19004037eb", "answers": [{"text": "Miko\u0142aj Kruszewski", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What nationality was de Courtenay?", "id": "56fc316300a8df19004037ec", "answers": [{"text": "Polish", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was de Courtenay's profession?", "id": "56fc316300a8df19004037ed", "answers": [{"text": "scholar", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was influenced by  Jan Baudouin de Courtenay?", "id": "56fc316300a8df19004037ee", "answers": [{"text": "Ferdinand de Saussure", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1876", "answer_start": 140}], "question": "When was allophony as a concept introduced?", "id": "5a81f70131013a001a334fe3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Miko\u0142aj Kruszewski", "answer_start": 79}], "question": "Who was Jan Baudouin de Courtenay's father?", "id": "5a81f70131013a001a334fe4", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Polish", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What nationality was Kruszewski?", "id": "5a81f70131013a001a334fe5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "scholar", "answer_start": 11}], "question": "What was Kruszewski's profession?", "id": "5a81f70131013a001a334fe6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ferdinand de Saussure", "answer_start": 402}], "question": "Who was influenced by Mikolaj Kruszewski?", "id": "5a81f70131013a001a334fe7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The Polish scholar Jan Baudouin de Courtenay (together with his former student Miko\u0142aj Kruszewski) introduced the concept of the phoneme in 1876, and his work, though often unacknowledged, is considered to be the starting point of modern phonology. He also worked on the theory of phonetic alternations (what is now called allophony and morphophonology), and had a significant influence on the work of Ferdinand de Saussure."}], ["Sejarah fonologi dapat dikesan kembali ke Ashtadhyayi, tatabahasa Sanskerta yang dikarang oleh P\u0101\u1e47ini pada abad ke-4 SM. Khususnya Shiva Sutras, teks tambahan kepada Ashtadhyayi, memperkenalkan apa yang boleh dianggap sebagai senarai fonem bahasa Sanskrit, dengan sistem notasi untuk mereka yang digunakan di seluruh teks utama, yang berkaitan dengan masalah morfologi, sintaksis dan semantik. <> Apakah jenis tatabahasa yang pertama adalah sebahagian daripada fonologi? || Sanskrit <> Apakah nama tatabahasa Sanskerta kuno? || Ashtadhyayi <> Siapa yang pertama membuat Ashtadhyayi? || P\u0101\u1e47ini <> Dalam apa tempoh masa Panini melakukan kerjanya? || Abad ke-4 SM <> Apakah teks lain berkaitan dengan Ashtadhyayi? || Shiva Sutras <> Apakah jenis tatabahasa yang mula-mula menjadi fenom? || <> Apakah nama tatabahasa fenom kuno? || <> Siapa yang pertama kali menulis bahasa Sanskrit? || <> Dalam apa tempoh masa apakah bahasa Sanskrit bermula? || <> Apakah teks lain berkaitan dengan morfologi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of grammar was phonology first a part of?", "id": "56fc30d800a8df19004037e0", "answers": [{"text": "Sanskrit", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of ancient Sanskrit grammar?", "id": "56fc30d800a8df19004037e1", "answers": [{"text": "Ashtadhyayi", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who first composed the Ashtadhyayi?", "id": "56fc30d800a8df19004037e2", "answers": [{"text": "P\u0101\u1e47ini", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what time period did Panini do his work?", "id": "56fc30d800a8df19004037e3", "answers": [{"text": "4th century BC", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other text was related to the Ashtadhyayi?", "id": "56fc30d800a8df19004037e4", "answers": [{"text": "the Shiva Sutras", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Sanskrit", "answer_start": 68}], "question": "What type of grammar were phenomes first a part of?", "id": "5a81f42031013a001a334fcf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Ashtadhyayi", "answer_start": 51}], "question": "What is the name of ancient phenome grammar?", "id": "5a81f42031013a001a334fd0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "P\u0101\u1e47ini", "answer_start": 97}], "question": "Who first composed the Sanskrit language?", "id": "5a81f42031013a001a334fd1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "4th century BC", "answer_start": 111}], "question": "During what time period did the Sanskrit language begin?", "id": "5a81f42031013a001a334fd2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the Shiva Sutras", "answer_start": 141}], "question": "What other text was related to morphology?", "id": "5a81f42031013a001a334fd3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The history of phonology may be traced back to the Ashtadhyayi, the Sanskrit grammar composed by P\u0101\u1e47ini in the 4th century BC. In particular the Shiva Sutras, an auxiliary text to the Ashtadhyayi, introduces what can be considered a list of the phonemes of the Sanskrit language, with a notational system for them that is used throughout the main text, which deals with matters of morphology, syntax and semantics."}], ["Pada tahun 1968 Noam Chomsky dan Morris Halle menerbitkan The Sound Pattern of English (SPE), asas untuk fonologi generatif. Dalam pandangan ini, representasi fonologi adalah urutan segmen yang terdiri daripada ciri-ciri tersendiri. Ciri-ciri ini adalah perkembangan kerja awal oleh Roman Jakobson, Gunnar Fant, dan Morris Halle. Ciri-ciri menggambarkan aspek artikulasi dan persepsi, dari set tetap universal, dan mempunyai nilai binari + atau -. Terdapat sekurang-kurangnya dua tahap perwakilan: perwakilan pendasar dan representasi fonetik permukaan. Perintah fonologi yang diperintahkan mengawal bagaimana perwakilan mendasari berubah menjadi sebutan sebenar (bentuk permukaan yang dipanggil). Kesan penting pengaruh SPE terhadap teori fonologi ialah penurunan suku kata dan penekanan pada segmen. Tambahan pula, golongan generativis melipat morfofonologi ke dalam fonologi, yang kedua-duanya diselesaikan dan dicipta masalah. <> Bilakah Corak Sound of English diterbitkan? || 1968 <> Selain daripada Chomsky yang lain menerbitkan Corak Bunyi Bahasa Inggeris? || Morris Halle <> Selain daripada suku kata apa yang digira sebagai akibat pengaruh SPE terhadap teori fonologi? || penekanan pada segmen <> Apa disiplin lain yang digabungkan dengan fonologi oleh para generatif? || morfofonologi <> Bilakah peraturan pengembangan diterbitkan? || <> Selain daripada Chornsky yang lain menerbitkan peraturan pengembangan? || <> Selain daripada suku kata apa yang digunapakai akibat pengaruh SPE terhadap peraturan pengembangan? || <> Apakah disiplin yang lain digabungkan dengan pengembangan oleh golongan generativis? || <> Apakah dari suku kata yang penting? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was The Sound Pattern of English published?", "id": "56fc38192603e7140040a025", "answers": [{"text": "1968", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Other than Chomsky who else published The Sound Pattern of English?", "id": "56fc38192603e7140040a026", "answers": [{"text": "Morris Halle", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides the syllable what was downplayed as a result of SPE's influence on phonological theory?", "id": "56fc38192603e7140040a027", "answers": [{"text": "emphasis on segments", "answer_start": 820}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other discipline was combined with phonology by the generativists?", "id": "56fc38192603e7140040a028", "answers": [{"text": "morphophonology", "answer_start": 880}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1968", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "When were expansion rules published?", "id": "5a81f95631013a001a335019", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Morris Halle", "answer_start": 25}], "question": "Other than Chornsky who else published expansion rules?", "id": "5a81f95631013a001a33501a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "emphasis on segments", "answer_start": 820}], "question": "Besides the syllable what was downplayed as a result of SPE's influence on expansion rules?", "id": "5a81f95631013a001a33501b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "morphophonology", "answer_start": 880}], "question": "What other discipline was combined with expansion by the generativists?", "id": "5a81f95631013a001a33501c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "features", "answer_start": 325}], "question": "What are from a universally important syllable?", "id": "5a81f95631013a001a33501d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In 1968 Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle published The Sound Pattern of English (SPE), the basis for generative phonology. In this view, phonological representations are sequences of segments made up of distinctive features. These features were an expansion of earlier work by Roman Jakobson, Gunnar Fant, and Morris Halle. The features describe aspects of articulation and perception, are from a universally fixed set, and have the binary values + or \u2212. There are at least two levels of representation: underlying representation and surface phonetic representation. Ordered phonological rules govern how underlying representation is transformed into the actual pronunciation (the so-called surface form). An important consequence of the influence SPE had on phonological theory was the downplaying of the syllable and the emphasis on segments. Furthermore, the generativists folded morphophonology into phonology, which both solved and created problems."}], ["Fonologi sering dibezakan dari fonetik. Walaupun fonetik merujuk kepada pengeluaran fizikal, penghantaran akustik dan persepsi bunyi ucapan, fonologi menerangkan cara kedengaran berfungsi dalam bahasa tertentu atau seluruh bahasa untuk mengekod makna. Bagi banyak ahli bahasa, fonetik adalah linguistik deskriptif, dan fonologi kepada linguistik teori, walaupun menubuhkan sistem fonologi bahasa semestinya merupakan penerapan prinsip-prinsip teori untuk analisis bukti fonetik. Perhatikan bahawa perbezaan ini tidak selalu dibuat, terutamanya sebelum perkembangan konsep moden fonem pada pertengahan abad ke-20. Sesetengah subfields fonologi moden mempunyai crossover dengan fonetik dalam disiplin deskriptif seperti psikolinguistik dan persepsi ucapan, menyebabkan bidang tertentu seperti fonologi articulatory atau fonologi makmal. <> Apa cabang linguistik adalah fonologi yang dibezakan? || fonetik <> Apakah linguistik jenis apa fonetik dianggap sebagai sebahagian daripada? || deskriptif <> Fonologi pada umumnya dianggap sebagai sebahagian daripada segi teori apa disiplin? || linguistik <> Kapan konsep moden fonom dikembangkan? || pertengahan abad ke-20 <> Apa subfield fonologi moden selain frosolinguistik melintasi dengan fonetik? || persepsi ucapan <> Apa cawangan linguistik adalah makmal yang dibezakan? || <> Apakah jenis linguistik adalah makmal yang dianggap sebagai sebahagian daripada? || <> Makmal umumnya dianggap sebagai bahagian dari segi teori apa disiplin? || <> Bilakah konsep moden makmal berkembang? || <> Apa subfield fonologi moden selain frosolinguistics melintasi makmal? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What branch of linguistics is phonology distinguished from?", "id": "56fc2f352603e71400409ff3", "answers": [{"text": "phonetics", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of linguistics is phonetics considered to be a part of?", "id": "56fc2f352603e71400409ff4", "answers": [{"text": "descriptive", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Phonology is generally considered a part of the theoretical side of what discipline?", "id": "56fc2f352603e71400409ff5", "answers": [{"text": "linguistics", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the phonome's modern concept developed?", "id": "56fc2f352603e71400409ff6", "answers": [{"text": "mid 20th century", "answer_start": 654}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What subfield of modern phonology other than phsycholinguistics crosses over with phonetics? ", "id": "56fc2f352603e71400409ff7", "answers": [{"text": "speech perception", "answer_start": 796}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "phonetics", "answer_start": 38}], "question": "What branch of linguistics is laboratory distinguished from?", "id": "5a81f29731013a001a334fbb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "descriptive", "answer_start": 309}], "question": "What kind of linguistics is laboratory considered to be a part of?", "id": "5a81f29731013a001a334fbc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "linguistics", "answer_start": 321}], "question": "Laboratory is generally considered a part of the theoretical side of what discipline?", "id": "5a81f29731013a001a334fbd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "mid 20th century", "answer_start": 654}], "question": "When was the laboratory's modern concept developed?", "id": "5a81f29731013a001a334fbe", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "speech perception", "answer_start": 796}], "question": "What subfield of modern phonology other than phsycholinguistics crosses over with laboratory?", "id": "5a81f29731013a001a334fbf", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Phonology is often distinguished from phonetics. While phonetics concerns the physical production, acoustic transmission and perception of the sounds of speech, phonology describes the way sounds function within a given language or across languages to encode meaning. For many linguists, phonetics belongs to descriptive linguistics, and phonology to theoretical linguistics, although establishing the phonological system of a language is necessarily an application of theoretical principles to analysis of phonetic evidence. Note that this distinction was not always made, particularly before the development of the modern concept of the phoneme in the mid 20th century. Some subfields of modern phonology have a crossover with phonetics in descriptive disciplines such as psycholinguistics and speech perception, resulting in specific areas like articulatory phonology or laboratory phonology."}], ["Fonologi semulajadi adalah teori berdasarkan penerbitan penyampai David Stampe pada tahun 1969 dan (secara lebih jelas) pada tahun 1979. Dalam pandangan ini, fonologi didasarkan pada satu set proses fonologi sejagat yang berinteraksi dengan satu sama lain; yang mana yang aktif dan yang ditindas adalah bahasa yang khusus. Daripada bertindak pada segmen, proses fonologi bertindak terhadap ciri-ciri tersendiri dalam kumpulan prosodik. Kumpulan-kumpulan prosodik boleh sekecil sebagai sebahagian daripada suku kata atau sebilangan besar sebutan. Proses fonologi tidak bersesuaian dengan satu sama lain dan diguna pakai secara serentak (walaupun output satu proses mungkin input kepada yang lain). Fonologi semulajadi yang paling menonjol ialah Patricia Donegan (isteri Stampe); terdapat banyak fonologi semulajadi di Eropah, dan beberapa di A.S., seperti Geoffrey Nathan. Prinsip fonologi semulajadi diperluaskan kepada morfologi oleh Wolfgang U. Dressler, yang mengasaskan morfologi semula jadi. <> Siapa yang menerbitkan teori fonologi Alam? || David Stampe <> Menurut Stampe apakah fonologi berdasarkan? || satu set proses fonologi sejagat <> Selain daripada aktif apa keadaan lain yang boleh proses fonologi universal wujud dalam? || ditindas <> Siapa nombor dua fonologi semulajadi? || Patricia Donegan <> Siapa pengasas morfologi semulajadi? || Wolfgang U. Dressler <> Siapa penerbitan yang memulakan teori input sejagat? || <> Menurut Stampe apakah input sejagat berdasarkan? || <> Selain daripada aktif apa keadaan lain yang boleh ada morfologi semula jadi? || <> Siapa pemproses sejagat sejagat? || <> Siapa pengasas ucapan yang aktif? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Whose publications started the theory of Natural phonology?", "id": "56fc3a7400a8df1900403806", "answers": [{"text": "David Stampe", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to Stampe what is phonology based on?", "id": "56fc3a7400a8df1900403807", "answers": [{"text": "a set of universal phonological processes", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from being active what other condition can the universal phonological processes exist in?", "id": "56fc3a7400a8df1900403808", "answers": [{"text": "suppressed", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the number two natural phonologist?  ", "id": "56fc3a7400a8df1900403809", "answers": [{"text": "Patricia Donegan", "answer_start": 705}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the founder of natural morphology?", "id": "56fc3a7400a8df190040380a", "answers": [{"text": "Wolfgang U. Dressler", "answer_start": 901}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "David Stampe", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "Whose publications started the theory of universal input?", "id": "5a81fce131013a001a33504b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "a set of universal phonological processes", "answer_start": 161}], "question": "According to Stampe what is universal input based on?", "id": "5a81fce131013a001a33504c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "suppressed", "answer_start": 271}], "question": "Aside from being active what other condition can the natural morphology exist in?", "id": "5a81fce131013a001a33504d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Patricia Donegan", "answer_start": 705}], "question": "Who is the number two universal processor?", "id": "5a81fce131013a001a33504e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Wolfgang U. Dressler", "answer_start": 901}], "question": "Who was the founder of active utterance?", "id": "5a81fce131013a001a33504f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Natural phonology is a theory based on the publications of its proponent David Stampe in 1969 and (more explicitly) in 1979. In this view, phonology is based on a set of universal phonological processes that interact with one another; which ones are active and which are suppressed is language-specific. Rather than acting on segments, phonological processes act on distinctive features within prosodic groups. Prosodic groups can be as small as a part of a syllable or as large as an entire utterance. Phonological processes are unordered with respect to each other and apply simultaneously (though the output of one process may be the input to another). The second most prominent natural phonologist is Patricia Donegan (Stampe's wife); there are many natural phonologists in Europe, and a few in the U.S., such as Geoffrey Nathan. The principles of natural phonology were extended to morphology by Wolfgang U. Dressler, who founded natural morphology."}], ["Fonologi perkataan berasal dari bahasa Yunani \u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03ae, ph\u014dn\u1e17, \"suara, bunyi,\" dan akhiran -logy (yang berasal dari bahasa Yunani \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, l\u00f3gos, \"kata, ucapan, subjek perbincangan\"). Takrif istilah berbeza-beza. Nikolai Trubetzkoy dalam Grundz\u00fcge der Phonologie (1939) mentakrifkan fonologi sebagai \"kajian bunyi yang berkaitan dengan sistem bahasa,\" yang bertentangan dengan fonetik, yang merupakan \"kajian bunyi yang berkaitan dengan perbuatan ucapan\" (pembezaan antara bahasa dan ucapan pada asasnya adalah perbezaan Saussure antara langue dan parol). Lebih kurang baru-baru ini, Lass (1998) menulis bahawa fonologi merujuk secara meluas kepada subdisiplin bahasa linguistik yang bersangkutan dengan bunyi bahasa, sedangkan dalam istilah yang lebih sempit, \"fonologi yang tepat adalah berkaitan dengan fungsi, tingkah laku dan organisasi bunyi sebagai barang linguistik.\" Menurut Clark et al. (2007), ini bermakna penggunaan sistematik bunyi untuk menyandarkan makna dalam mana-mana bahasa manusia yang dituturkan, atau bidang linguistik yang mempelajari penggunaan ini. <> Bahasa apa fonologi sebagai perkataan berasal? || Greek <> Apa perkataan Yunani -logi berasal dari? || l\u00f3gos <> Siapa pada tahun 1939 menamakan fonologi? || Nikolai Trubetzkoy <> Satu perbezaan ditarik antara bahasa dan apa? || ucapan <> Bilakah Lass menulis tentang fonologi? || 1998 <> Bahasa apa kata perbualan kerana perkataan berasal? || <> Apakah perkataan Yunani adalah ucapan yang berasal dari? || <> Siapa pada 1939 menyatakan ucapan? || <> Satu perbezaan ditarik antara fonologi dan apa? || <> Bilakah Lass menulis tentang ucapan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What language does phonology as a word come from?", "id": "56fc2fec2603e71400409ffd", "answers": [{"text": "Greek", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Greek word is -logy derived from?", "id": "56fc2fec2603e71400409ffe", "answers": [{"text": "l\u00f3gos", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who in 1939 defined phonology?", "id": "56fc2fec2603e71400409fff", "answers": [{"text": "Nikolai Trubetzkoy", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A distinction was drawn between language and what?", "id": "56fc2fec2603e7140040a000", "answers": [{"text": "speech", "answer_start": 408}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Lass write about phonology?", "id": "56fc2fec2603e7140040a001", "answers": [{"text": "1998", "answer_start": 549}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Greek", "answer_start": 34}], "question": "What language does speech as a word come from?", "id": "5a81f32e31013a001a334fc5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "l\u00f3gos", "answer_start": 118}], "question": "What Greek word is speech derived from?", "id": "5a81f32e31013a001a334fc6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Nikolai Trubetzkoy", "answer_start": 195}], "question": "Who in 1939 defined speech?", "id": "5a81f32e31013a001a334fc7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "speech", "answer_start": 408}], "question": "A distinction was drawn between phonology and what?", "id": "5a81f32e31013a001a334fc8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1998", "answer_start": 549}], "question": "When did Lass write about speech?", "id": "5a81f32e31013a001a334fc9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The word phonology comes from the Greek \u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03ae, ph\u014dn\u1e17, \"voice, sound,\" and the suffix -logy (which is from Greek \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, l\u00f3gos, \"word, speech, subject of discussion\"). Definitions of the term vary. Nikolai Trubetzkoy in Grundz\u00fcge der Phonologie (1939) defines phonology as \"the study of sound pertaining to the system of language,\" as opposed to phonetics, which is \"the study of sound pertaining to the act of speech\" (the distinction between language and speech being basically Saussure's distinction between langue and parole). More recently, Lass (1998) writes that phonology refers broadly to the subdiscipline of linguistics concerned with the sounds of language, while in more narrow terms, \"phonology proper is concerned with the function, behavior and organization of sounds as linguistic items.\" According to Clark et al. (2007), it means the systematic use of sound to encode meaning in any spoken human language, or the field of linguistics studying this use."}], ["Pendekatan terintegrasi kepada teori fonologi yang menggabungkan akaun sinkronik dan diakronik untuk corak bunyi dimulakan dengan Fonologi Evolusi dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini. <> Apakah fonologi Evolusi yang merupakan pendekatan bersepadu? || teori fonologi <> Apa gabungan pola bunyi dengan fonologi Evolusi? || akaun sinkronik dan diakronik <> Bilakah fonologi Evolusi wujud? || tahun kebelakangan ini. <> Pendekatan macam apa yang dilakukan Fonologi Evolusi? || terintegrasi <> Apa yang diakronisasi baru-baru ini pendekatan bersepadu? || <> Apa gabungan dengan corak bunyi dengan corak baru-baru ini? || <> Bilakah diakronik berlaku? || <> Apakah jenis pendekatan yang diambil diakronik baru-baru ini? || <> Apa yang dimulakan dengan akaun suara? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Evolutionary Phonology an integrated approach to?", "id": "56fc3f0e00a8df190040382a", "answers": [{"text": "phonological theory", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is combined to sound patterns by Evolutionary Phonology?", "id": "56fc3f0e00a8df190040382b", "answers": [{"text": "synchronic and diachronic accounts", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Evolutionary Phonology come into being?", "id": "56fc3f0e00a8df190040382c", "answers": [{"text": "recent years.", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What sort of approach did Evolutionary Phonology take?", "id": "56fc3f0e00a8df190040382d", "answers": [{"text": "integrated", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "phonological theory", "answer_start": 26}], "question": "What is recent diachronic an integrated approach to?", "id": "5a8209af31013a001a335127", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "synchronic and diachronic accounts", "answer_start": 60}], "question": "What is combined to sound patterns by recent patterns?", "id": "5a8209af31013a001a335128", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "recent years", "answer_start": 158}], "question": "When did  diachronic come into being?", "id": "5a8209af31013a001a335129", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "integrated", "answer_start": 3}], "question": "What sort of approach did recent diachronic take?", "id": "5a8209af31013a001a33512a", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "An integrated approach to phonological theory", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What was initiated with sound accounts?", "id": "5a8209af31013a001a33512b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "An integrated approach to phonological theory that combines synchronic and diachronic accounts to sound patterns was initiated with Evolutionary Phonology in recent years."}], ["Sejak awal 1960-an, ahli bahasa teori telah berpindah dari konsep tradisional fonem, lebih suka untuk mempertimbangkan unit asas pada tahap yang lebih abstrak, sebagai komponen morphemes; unit-unit ini boleh dipanggil morfofonem, dan analisis menggunakan pendekatan ini dipanggil morfofonologi. <> Bilakah ahli bahasa teoritis menolak konsep fonem tradisional? || awal tahun 1960-an <> Pada peringkat apa ahli-ahli bahasa teoretik mempertimbangkan unit asas? || abstrak <> Apakah nama untuk unit morfem asas? || morphophonemes <> Apakah tindakan menganalisis morphophones dipanggil? || morfofonologi <> Apa jenis ahli bahasa yang meninggalkan kaedah lama di belakang? || teori <> Bilakah ahli bahasa teoritis menolak konsep analisis traditioinal? || <> Pada peringkat apakah ahli-ahli teori teoritis mempertimbangkan pendekatan asas? || <> Apakah nama unit asas fonem? || <> Apa jenis ahli bahasa yang meninggalkan fonem lama di belakang? || <> Bilakah ahli bahasa teoretis berpindah dari konsep tradisional morfem? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did theoretical linguists turn away traditional phoneme concepts?", "id": "56fc89bbb53dbe1900755129", "answers": [{"text": "early 1960s", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what level do theoretical linguists consider basic units?", "id": "56fc89bbb53dbe190075512a", "answers": [{"text": "abstract", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a name for the basic morpheme unit?", "id": "56fc89bbb53dbe190075512b", "answers": [{"text": "morphophonemes", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the act of analyzing morphophones called?", "id": "56fc89bbb53dbe190075512c", "answers": [{"text": "morphophonology", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of linguists are leaving the old methods behind?", "id": "56fc89bbb53dbe190075512d", "answers": [{"text": "theoretical", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "early 1960s", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "When did theoretical linguists turn away traditioinal analysis concepts?", "id": "5a8214c031013a001a3351af", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "abstract", "answer_start": 149}], "question": "On what level do theoretical linguists consider basic approaches?", "id": "5a8214c031013a001a3351b0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "morphophonemes", "answer_start": 220}], "question": "What is a name for the basic phoneme unit?", "id": "5a8214c031013a001a3351b1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "theoretical", "answer_start": 23}], "question": "What kind of linguists are leaving the old phonemes behind?", "id": "5a8214c031013a001a3351b2", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "early 1960s", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "When did theoretical linguists move away from the traditional concept of a morpheme?", "id": "5a8214c031013a001a3351b3", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Since the early 1960s, theoretical linguists have moved away from the traditional concept of a phoneme, preferring to consider basic units at a more abstract level, as a component of morphemes; these units can be called morphophonemes, and analysis using this approach is called morphophonology."}], ["Secara kebiasaannya, fonologi kerajaan (atau keturunannya, fonologi ketat-CV) mempunyai yang lebih tinggi di United Kingdom, sedangkan teori optimum adalah utama di Amerika Syarikat. || fonologi ketat-CV <> Di mana fonologi kerajaan popular? || United Kingdom, <> Teori apa yang dilihat lebih banyak di AS? || teori optimasi <> Apa yang diikuti dengan optimum kerajaan? || <> Di mana keturunan fonologi popular? || <> Apa idea kerajaan dilihat lebih banyak di UK? || <> Apa yang ada berikut di Perancis? || <> Apa yang bermula di Amerika Syarikat? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What followed government phonology?", "id": "56fc3e7800a8df1900403824", "answers": [{"text": "strict-CV phonology", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is government phonology popular?", "id": "56fc3e7800a8df1900403825", "answers": [{"text": "the United Kingdom,", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What theory is seen more in the US?", "id": "56fc3e7800a8df1900403826", "answers": [{"text": "optimality theory", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "strict-CV phonology", "answer_start": 59}], "question": "What followed government optimality?", "id": "5a82075d31013a001a335113", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the United Kingdom", "answer_start": 107}], "question": "Where is descendant phonology popular?", "id": "5a82075d31013a001a335114", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "optimality theory", "answer_start": 135}], "question": "What government idea is seen more in the UK?", "id": "5a82075d31013a001a335115", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "government phonology", "answer_start": 18}], "question": "What has a greater following in France?", "id": "5a82075d31013a001a335116", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "optimality theory", "answer_start": 135}], "question": "What began in the United States?", "id": "5a82075d31013a001a335117", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Broadly speaking, government phonology (or its descendant, strict-CV phonology) has a greater following in the United Kingdom, whereas optimality theory is predominant in the United States.[citation needed]"}], ["Oleh itu, pakar bahasa yang berlainan mengambil pendekatan yang berbeza untuk masalah memberikan suara kepada fonem. Sebagai contoh, mereka berbeza sejauh mana mereka memerlukan alofon secara fonetik sama. Terdapat juga idea yang berbeza sama ada kumpulan ini bunyi semata-mata alat untuk analisis linguistik, atau mencerminkan proses sebenar dalam cara otak manusia memproses bahasa. <> Apa yang ditugaskan kepada fonem oleh ahli bahasa yang berlainan? || bunyi <> Apa bahagian manusia yang memproses bahasa? || otak <> Persamaan fonetik apa yang menyebabkan perselisihan antara ahli bahasa? || allophones <> Apa yang diberikan kepada fonem oleh bahasa yang berbeza? || <> Apakah sebahagian daripada manusia melakukan pemprosesan allophone? || <> Persamaan phonetis dari apa yang menyebabkan penyimpangan antara fenom? || <> Siapa yang mengambil pendekatan yang berbeza terhadap masalah menugaskan bunyi kepada alofone? || <> Siapa yang berbeza di mana mereka memerlukan fonem yang sama fonetik? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are assigned to phonemes by different linguists?", "id": "56fc88d898e8fc14001ea7d1", "answers": [{"text": "sounds", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What part of a human does language processing?", "id": "56fc88d898e8fc14001ea7d2", "answers": [{"text": "brain", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The phonetical similarity of what thing causes disagreements between linguists?", "id": "56fc88d898e8fc14001ea7d3", "answers": [{"text": "allophones", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sounds", "answer_start": 84}], "question": "What are assigned to phonemes by different languages?", "id": "5a82122f31013a001a3351a5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "brain", "answer_start": 366}], "question": "What part of a human does allophone processing?", "id": "5a82122f31013a001a3351a6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "allophones", "answer_start": 165}], "question": "The phonetical similarity of what thing causes disagreements between phenomes?", "id": "5a82122f31013a001a3351a7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "linguists", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "Who takes different approaches to the problem of assigning sounds to allophones?", "id": "5a82122f31013a001a3351a8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "linguists", "answer_start": 10}], "question": "Who differs in the extent to which they requires phonemes to be phonetically similar?", "id": "5a82122f31013a001a3351a9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Different linguists therefore take different approaches to the problem of assigning sounds to phonemes. For example, they differ in the extent to which they require allophones to be phonetically similar. There are also differing ideas as to whether this grouping of sounds is purely a tool for linguistic analysis, or reflects an actual process in the way the human brain processes a language."}], ["Sebahagian daripada kajian fonologi bahasa itu melibatkan melihat data (transkripsi fonetik ucapan penutur asli) dan cuba menyimpulkan apa fonem yang mendasari dan apakah inventori bunyi bahasa itu. Kehadiran atau ketiadaan pasangan minimum, seperti yang dinyatakan di atas, adalah kriteria kerap digunakan untuk menentukan sama ada dua bunyi harus diberikan kepada fonem yang sama. Walau bagaimanapun, pertimbangan lain sering perlu diambil kira juga. <> Apa jenis pembelajaran bahasa melibatkan percubaan untuk menyimpulkan fenomena yang mendasari? || fonologi <> Selain daripada mengetahui apa fonem yang mendasari ada apa yang fonologi kajian bahasa cuba untuk mengetahui bahasa tersebut? || inventori yang kukuh <> Apakah jenis data pembicara yang mempelajari bahasa secara fonologi melibatkan pemeriksaan? || > Apa jenis pembelajaran bahasa yang melibatkan percubaan untuk menyusun transkripsi? || <> Selain mencari tahu apa fonem yang mendasari ada apa kajian fnologi dulang bahasa untuk mengetahui tentang pasangan minimum? || <> Apakah jenis data transkripsi yang mempelajari bahasa secara fonologi melibatkan pemeriksaan? || <> Apakah kriteria kerap digunakan untuk menentukan sama ada dua bahasa perlu diberikan kepada fonem yang sama? || <> Apa bahagian transkripsi yang ditugaskan untuk melibatkan bahasa? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of language study involves trying to deduce underlying phonomes?", "id": "56fc44bb2603e7140040a04b", "answers": [{"text": "phonological", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from finding out what underlying phonemes are there what does the phonological study of a language try to find out about the language?", "id": "56fc44bb2603e7140040a04c", "answers": [{"text": "sound inventory", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of speaker data does studying a language phonologically involve examining? ", "id": "56fc44bb2603e7140040a04d", "answers": [{"text": "native", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "phonological", "answer_start": 12}], "question": "What type of language study involves trying to deduce transcriptions?", "id": "5a820d7b31013a001a33514f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sound inventory", "answer_start": 206}], "question": "Aside from finding out what underlying phonemes are there what does the phnological study of a language tray to find out about minimal pairs?", "id": "5a820d7b31013a001a335150", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "native", "answer_start": 122}], "question": "What kind of transcription data does studying a language phonologically involve examining?", "id": "5a820d7b31013a001a335151", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The presence or absence of minimal pairs", "answer_start": 242}], "question": "What is a frequently used criterion for deciding whether two languages should be assigned to the same phoneme?", "id": "5a820d7b31013a001a335152", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "looking at data", "answer_start": 64}], "question": "What does part of the assigned transcription of a language involve?", "id": "5a820d7b31013a001a335153", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Part of the phonological study of a language therefore involves looking at data (phonetic transcriptions of the speech of native speakers) and trying to deduce what the underlying phonemes are and what the sound inventory of the language is. The presence or absence of minimal pairs, as mentioned above, is a frequently used criterion for deciding whether two sounds should be assigned to the same phoneme. However, other considerations often need to be taken into account as well."}], ["Penemuan dan pandangan persepsi ucapan dan penyelidikan artikulasi merumitkan idea tradisional dan agak intuitif alofon yang boleh ditukar ganti dianggap sebagai fonem yang sama. Pertama, alofon yang ditukar dengan fonem yang sama boleh mengakibatkan kata-kata yang tidak dapat dikenali. Kedua, ucapan sebenar, walaupun pada tahap perkataan, sangat dicatatkan, jadi ia bermasalah untuk mengharapkan dapat menyusun kata-kata ke dalam segmen mudah tanpa mempengaruhi persepsi ucapan. <> Bagaimana percakapan ucapan dan penemuan dan pandangan artikulasi mempengaruhi idea-idea sebelumnya dan lebih tradisional? || merumitkan <> Bagaimana cara menukar alofon yang sama dengan feneme? || tidak dapat dikenali <> Apa kata splicing mempengaruhi? || persepsi ucapan <> Bagaimana percakapan ucapan dan penemuan dan pandangan artikulasi mempengaruhi kata-kata spliced sebelumnya dan lebih tradisional? || <> Bagaimana cara menukar fenom yang sama dengan allophone? || <> Apa pengaruh fenom splicing? || <> Apa yang boleh mengakibatkan kata-kata yang dikenali? || <> Apa yang merumitkan idea-idea tradisional fonem yang dilihat sebagai alofon yang sama? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "How do speech perception and articulation findings and insights affect previous and more traditional ideas?", "id": "56fc87acb53dbe1900755123", "answers": [{"text": "complicate", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does interchanging allophones of the same pheneme render words?", "id": "56fc87acb53dbe1900755124", "answers": [{"text": "unrecognizable", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does splicing words affect?", "id": "56fc87acb53dbe1900755125", "answers": [{"text": "speech perception", "answer_start": 450}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "complicate", "answer_start": 73}], "question": "How do speech perception and articulation findings and insights affect previous and more traditional spliced words?", "id": "5a8210ef31013a001a335191", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "unrecognizable", "answer_start": 260}], "question": "How does interchanging phenomes of the same allophone render words?", "id": "5a8210ef31013a001a335192", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "speech perception", "answer_start": 450}], "question": "What does splicing phenomes affect?", "id": "5a8210ef31013a001a335193", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "interchanged allophones of the same phoneme", "answer_start": 202}], "question": "What can result in recognizable words?", "id": "5a8210ef31013a001a335194", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "findings and insights of speech perception and articulation research", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What complicates the traditional ideas of phonemes being perceived as the same allophones?", "id": "5a8210ef31013a001a335195", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The findings and insights of speech perception and articulation research complicate the traditional and somewhat intuitive idea of interchangeable allophones being perceived as the same phoneme. First, interchanged allophones of the same phoneme can result in unrecognizable words. Second, actual speech, even at a word level, is highly co-articulated, so it is problematic to expect to be able to splice words into simple segments without affecting speech perception."}], ["Perbezaan tertentu yang fonemik dalam bahasa boleh berubah dari semasa ke semasa. Pada satu ketika, [f] dan [v], dua bunyi yang mempunyai tempat yang sama dan cara artikulasi dan berbeza dengan penyataannya sahaja, adalah alofon daripada fonem yang sama dalam bahasa Inggeris, tetapi kemudian menjadi kepunyaan fonem yang berasingan. Ini adalah salah satu faktor utama perubahan sejarah bahasa seperti yang diterangkan dalam linguistik sejarah. <> Linguistik jenis apa yang menerangkan bagaimana faktor bahasa berubah dalam sejarah? || Sejarah <> Dengan peredaran masa apa fonemik tertentu dalam sesuatu bahasa diketahui berubah? || Sebaliknya <> Pada bunyi terdahulu yang kini dimiliki oleh fonem yang berasingan adalah alonon jenis fonem apa saja dalam bahasa Inggeris? || phoneme yang sama <> Linguistik jenis apa yang menerangkan bagaimana faktor perubahan fenom dalam sejarah? || <> Dengan fenomena fenom apa fonemik tertentu dalam sesuatu bahasa diketahui berubah? || <> Pada bunyi terdahulu yang sekarang menjadi fenom yang berasingan adalah alofone jenis perubahan dalam bahasa Inggeris? || <> Apa yang tidak boleh berubah dari masa ke masa? || <> Di manakah perubahan masa bersejarah yang diterangkan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What kind of linguistics describes how factors of languages change in history?", "id": "56fc86e1b53dbe190075511d", "answers": [{"text": "historical", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "With the passage of time what particular things phonemic in a language are known to change?", "id": "56fc86e1b53dbe190075511e", "answers": [{"text": "contrasts", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the past sounds that now belong to separate phonemes were allophones of what kind of phoneme in English?", "id": "56fc86e1b53dbe190075511f", "answers": [{"text": "the same phoneme", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "historical", "answer_start": 327}], "question": "What kind of linguistics describes how factors of phenomes change in history?", "id": "5a820f9431013a001a335175", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "contrasts", "answer_start": 15}], "question": "With the passage of phenomes what particular things phonemic in a language are known to change?", "id": "5a820f9431013a001a335176", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the same phoneme", "answer_start": 216}], "question": "In the past sounds that now belong to separate phenomes were allophones of what kind  of change in English?", "id": "5a820f9431013a001a335177", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "The particular contrasts which are phonemic in a language", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What cannot change over time?", "id": "5a820f9431013a001a335178", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "historical linguistics", "answer_start": 374}], "question": "Where is historical change of time described?", "id": "5a820f9431013a001a335179", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The particular contrasts which are phonemic in a language can change over time. At one time, [f] and [v], two sounds that have the same place and manner of articulation and differ in voicing only, were allophones of the same phoneme in English, but later came to belong to separate phonemes. This is one of the main factors of historical change of languages as described in historical linguistics."}], ["Fonologi kerajaan, yang berasal dari awal 1980-an sebagai percubaan untuk menyatukan struktur teoritik struktur sintaksis dan fonologi, adalah berdasarkan kepada tanggapan bahawa semua bahasa semestinya mengikuti satu set prinsip yang kecil dan berbeza mengikut pemilihan parameter perduaan tertentu. Iaitu, struktur fonologi semua bahasa pada dasarnya sama, tetapi terdapat variasi terhad yang menyumbang kepada perbezaan dalam realisasi permukaan. Prinsip-prinsip dipegang untuk dicabul, walaupun parameter kadang-kadang boleh berlaku dalam konflik. Tokoh-tokoh terkemuka dalam bidang ini termasuk Jonathan Kaye, Jean Lowenstamm, Jean-Roger Vergnaud, Monik Charette, dan John Harris. <> Bilakah fonologi Kerajaan mula-mula dilihat? || awal 1980-an <> Jonathan Kaye adalah orang yang penting dalam bentuk fonologi apa? || Kerajaan <> Apa yang bertanggungjawab untuk perbezaan dalam kesedaran permukaan menurut fonologi Kerajaan? || variasi terhad <> Bilakah prinsip kerajaan pertama kali dilihat? || <> Jonathan Kaye adalah orang yang penting dalam apa bentuk konflik? || <> Apakah yang bertanggungjawab untuk perbezaan dalam realisasi permukaan mengikut konflik kerajaan? || <> Apa yang berbeza mengikut pemilihan kerajaan mereka? || <> Apakah parameter lapangan semua bahasa berlaku? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When was Government phonology first seen?", "id": "56fc3bd800a8df1900403816", "answers": [{"text": "the early 1980s", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Jonathan Kaye is an important person in what form of phonology?", "id": "56fc3bd800a8df1900403817", "answers": [{"text": "Government", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is responsible for differences in surface realizations according to Government phonology?", "id": "56fc3bd800a8df1900403818", "answers": [{"text": "restricted variation", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "the early 1980s", "answer_start": 42}], "question": "When were government principles first seen?", "id": "5a82045b31013a001a3350c9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Government", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Jonathan Kaye is an important person in what form of conflict?", "id": "5a82045b31013a001a3350ca", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "restricted variation", "answer_start": 385}], "question": "What is responsible for differences in surface realizations according to government conflict?", "id": "5a82045b31013a001a3350cb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "languages", "answer_start": 175}], "question": "What vary according to their selection of government?", "id": "5a82045b31013a001a3350cc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "essentially the same", "answer_start": 350}], "question": "What is true of all languages' field parameters?", "id": "5a82045b31013a001a3350cd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Government phonology, which originated in the early 1980s as an attempt to unify theoretical notions of syntactic and phonological structures, is based on the notion that all languages necessarily follow a small set of principles and vary according to their selection of certain binary parameters. That is, all languages' phonological structures are essentially the same, but there is restricted variation that accounts for differences in surface realizations. Principles are held to be inviolable, though parameters may sometimes come into conflict. Prominent figures in this field include Jonathan Kaye, Jean Lowenstamm, Jean-Roger Vergnaud, Monik Charette, and John Harris."}], ["Dalam kursus di institut musim panas LSA pada tahun 1991, Alan Prince dan Paul Smolensky telah membangunkan teori optimum - sebuah seni bina keseluruhan untuk fonologi mengikut bahasa mana yang memilih sebutan kata yang paling sesuai dengan senarai kekangan yang diperintahkan oleh kepentingan; kekangan peringkat rendah boleh dilanggar apabila pelanggaran diperlukan untuk mematuhi kekangan kedudukan yang lebih tinggi. Pendekatan itu kemudiannya diperluaskan kepada morfologi oleh John McCarthy dan Alan Prince, dan telah menjadi trend dominan dalam fonologi. Rayuan terhadap asas fonetik kekangan dan elemen perwakilan (contohnya) dalam pelbagai pendekatan telah dikritik oleh penyokong 'fonologi bebas bahan', terutamanya Mark Hale dan Charles Reiss. <> Kapan Putera dan Smolensky mengembangkan teori mereka? || 1991 <> Di mana teori optimum dibuat? || Institut musim panas LSA <> Selain Alan Prince yang membawa teori optimasi kepada morfologi? || John McCarthy <> Siapa pengkritik teori optimum? || Mark Hale dan Charles Reiss <> Kapan Putera dan Smolensky membangun sebutan? || <> Di mana teori dominan dicipta? || <> Selain Alan Prince yang membawa teori dominan kepada morfologi? || <> Siapa pengkritik utama teori dominan? || <> Siapa penyokong fonologi dominan? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Prince and Smolensky develop their theory?", "id": "56fc3e072603e7140040a03d", "answers": [{"text": "1991", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was optimality theory created?", "id": "56fc3e072603e7140040a03e", "answers": [{"text": "LSA summer institute", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from Alan Prince who brought optimality theory to morphology?", "id": "56fc3e072603e7140040a03f", "answers": [{"text": "John McCarthy", "answer_start": 440}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were prominent critics of optimality theory?", "id": "56fc3e072603e7140040a040", "answers": [{"text": "Mark Hale and Charles Reiss", "answer_start": 709}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "1991", "answer_start": 43}], "question": "When did Prince and Smolensky develop pronunciation?", "id": "5a8205c631013a001a3350ed", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "LSA summer institute", "answer_start": 19}], "question": "Where was dominant theory created?", "id": "5a8205c631013a001a3350ee", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "John McCarthy", "answer_start": 440}], "question": "Aside from Alan Prince who brought dominant theory to morphology?", "id": "5a8205c631013a001a3350ef", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mark Hale and Charles Reiss", "answer_start": 709}], "question": "Who were prominent critics of dominant theory?", "id": "5a8205c631013a001a3350f0", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Mark Hale and Charles Reiss", "answer_start": 709}], "question": "Who are proponents of dominant phonology?", "id": "5a8205c631013a001a3350f1", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In a course at the LSA summer institute in 1991, Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky developed optimality theory\u2014an overall architecture for phonology according to which languages choose a pronunciation of a word that best satisfies a list of constraints ordered by importance; a lower-ranked constraint can be violated when the violation is necessary in order to obey a higher-ranked constraint. The approach was soon extended to morphology by John McCarthy and Alan Prince, and has become a dominant trend in phonology. The appeal to phonetic grounding of constraints and representational elements (e.g. features) in various approaches has been criticized by proponents of 'substance-free phonology', especially Mark Hale and Charles Reiss."}], ["Satu bahagian penting dari fonologi tradisional, pra-generatif ialah mengkaji bunyi yang boleh dikelompokkan menjadi unit tersendiri dalam bahasa; unit ini dikenali sebagai fonem. Sebagai contoh, dalam bahasa Inggeris, bunyi \"p\" di dalam periuk disedut (diucapkan [p\u02b0]) manakala yang di tempat tidak disedut (disebut [p]). Walau bagaimanapun, pembesar suara bahasa Inggeris secara intuitif merawat kedua-dua bunyi sebagai variasi (allophones) daripada kategori fonologi yang sama, iaitu fonem / p /. (Secara tradisinya, ia akan dipertikaikan bahawa jika aspirated [p\u02b0] dipertukarkan dengan yang tidak diingini [p] di tempat, penutur asli bahasa Inggeris masih akan mendengar kata-kata yang sama, iaitu dua bunyi dianggap sebagai \"sama\" Walau bagaimanapun, dalam beberapa bahasa lain, kedua-dua bunyi tersebut dianggap berbeza, dan oleh itu mereka ditugaskan untuk fonem yang berbeza. Sebagai contoh, dalam bahasa Thai, Hindi, dan Quechua terdapat beberapa kata yang minima yang mana aspirasi adalah satu-satunya ciri yang berbeza (dua perkataan boleh mempunyai makna yang berbeza tetapi dengan satu-satunya perbezaan dalam sebutannya adalah bahawa seseorang mempunyai bunyi aspirasi di mana yang lain mempunyai satu yang tidak diingini). <> Apakah unit yang dipanggil kajian fonologi tradisional? || phonemes <> Apa kata lain untuk variasi? || allophones <> Apa yang bertentangan dengan aspirasi? || Tidak dihirup <> Apa pasangan minimum yang memanggil kajian fonologi yang minimum? || <> Apa perkataan lain untuk fonem? || <> Apa yang bertentangan dengan fonem? || <> Dalam bahasa apakah terdapat pasangan perkataan minimum yang mana alofon adalah satu-satunya ciri yang berbeza? || <> Pembicara mana yang merawat kedua-dua bunyi sebagai aspirasi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the units called that traditional phonology studies?", "id": "56fc43d900a8df1900403832", "answers": [{"text": "phonemes", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another word for variations?", "id": "56fc43d900a8df1900403833", "answers": [{"text": "allophones", "answer_start": 389}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the opposite of aspirated?", "id": "56fc43d900a8df1900403834", "answers": [{"text": "unaspirated", "answer_start": 552}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "phonemes", "answer_start": 177}], "question": "What are the minimal pairs called that minimal phonology studies?", "id": "5a820bf031013a001a33513b", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "allophones", "answer_start": 389}], "question": "What is another word for phoneme?", "id": "5a820bf031013a001a33513c", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "unaspirated", "answer_start": 1106}], "question": "What is the opposite of phoneme?", "id": "5a820bf031013a001a33513d", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Thai, Hindi, and Quechua", "answer_start": 848}], "question": "In what languages are there minimal pairs of words for which allophones are the only contrasting feature?", "id": "5a820bf031013a001a33513e", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 327}], "question": "Which speakers treat both sounds as aspirations?", "id": "5a820bf031013a001a33513f", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "An important part of traditional, pre-generative schools of phonology is studying which sounds can be grouped into distinctive units within a language; these units are known as phonemes. For example, in English, the \"p\" sound in pot is aspirated (pronounced [p\u02b0]) while that in spot is not aspirated (pronounced [p]). However, English speakers intuitively treat both sounds as variations (allophones) of the same phonological category, that is of the phoneme /p/. (Traditionally, it would be argued that if an aspirated [p\u02b0] were interchanged with the unaspirated [p] in spot, native speakers of English would still hear the same words; that is, the two sounds are perceived as \"the same\" /p/.) In some other languages, however, these two sounds are perceived as different, and they are consequently assigned to different phonemes. For example, in Thai, Hindi, and Quechua, there are minimal pairs of words for which aspiration is the only contrasting feature (two words can have different meanings but with the only difference in pronunciation being that one has an aspirated sound where the other has an unaspirated one)."}], ["Sebagai tambahan kepada unit-unit yang minima yang boleh digunakan untuk maksud membezakan makna (fonem), fonologi mengkaji bagaimana bunyi bergantian, iaitu menggantikan satu sama lain dalam pelbagai bentuk morfem yang sama (allomorphs), serta, sebagai contoh, struktur suku kata, tekanan, geometri ciri, aksen, dan intonasi. <> Apa fonem membezakan? || bermakna <> Selain dari fonem apa yang dipelajari oleh fonologi? || bagaimana kedengaran bunyi <> Kajian struktur suku kata adalah sebahagian daripada apa yang disiplin? || phonology <> Apa yang membezakan allomorphs? || <> Selain dari fonem apa kajian oleh geometri? || <> Kajian mengenai struktur aksen adalah sebahagian daripada disiplin apa? || <> Apa yang mengkaji bagaimana geometri bergilir? || <> Apakah nama lain untuk suku kata? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "What do phonemes differentiate? ", "id": "56fc965c98e8fc14001ea7d7", "answers": [{"text": "meaning", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from phonemes what is studied by phonology?", "id": "56fc965c98e8fc14001ea7d8", "answers": [{"text": "how sounds alternate", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The study of syllable structure is part of what discipline?", "id": "56fc965c98e8fc14001ea7d9", "answers": [{"text": "phonology", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "meaning", "answer_start": 79}], "question": "What do allomorphs differentiate?", "id": "5a82162231013a001a3351b9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "how sounds alternate", "answer_start": 121}], "question": "Aside from phonemes what is studies by geometry?", "id": "5a82162231013a001a3351ba", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "phonology", "answer_start": 103}], "question": "The study of accent structure is part of what discipline?", "id": "5a82162231013a001a3351bb", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "phonology", "answer_start": 103}], "question": "What studies how geometry alternates?", "id": "5a82162231013a001a3351bc", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "phonemes", "answer_start": 92}], "question": "What is another name for syllable?", "id": "5a82162231013a001a3351bd", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "In addition to the minimal units that can serve the purpose of differentiating meaning (the phonemes), phonology studies how sounds alternate, i.e. replace one another in different forms of the same morpheme (allomorphs), as well as, for example, syllable structure, stress, feature geometry, accent, and intonation."}], ["Fonologi juga merangkumi topik-topik seperti phonotactics (kekangan fonologi pada bunyi apa yang boleh muncul dalam apa jawatan dalam bahasa tertentu) dan penggantian fonologi (bagaimana sebutan suara berubah melalui penerapan peraturan fonologi, kadang-kadang dalam perintah tertentu yang boleh makan atau pendarahan,) serta prosodi, kajian tentang suprasegmentals dan topik seperti tekanan dan intonasi. <> Di bawah topik apakah yang dipelajari oleh suprasegmentals? || prosody <> Selain pendarahan apa perintah peraturan yang menentukan bagaimana sebutan perubahan bunyi? || memberi makan <> Phonotactics, penggantian fonologi dan prosody adalah topik yang terkandung dalam disiplin apa? || Fonologi <> Tekanan dan intonasi dikaji di bawah topik apa? || prosody <> Di bawah topik apa yang dimaksudkan dengan pertukaran fonologi? || <> Selain dari pendarahan apa perintah peraturan yang menentukan bagaimana suprasegmentals berubah? || <> Phonotactics, penggantian fonologi dan tekanan adalah topik yang terkandung dalam disiplin apa? || <> Tekanan dan peraturan dipelajari di bawah topik apa? || <> Apa yang termasuk topik seperti peraturan bunyi? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Under what topic is suprasegmentals studied?", "id": "56fc975cb53dbe1900755133", "answers": [{"text": "prosody", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Aside from bleeding what is an order of rules that define how pronunciation of a sound changes?", "id": "56fc975cb53dbe1900755134", "answers": [{"text": "feeding", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Phonotactics, phonological alternation and prosody are topics contained in what discipline?", "id": "56fc975cb53dbe1900755135", "answers": [{"text": "Phonology", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Stress and intonation are studied under what topic?", "id": "56fc975cb53dbe1900755136", "answers": [{"text": "prosody", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prosody", "answer_start": 338}], "question": "Under what topic is phonological alternation studied?", "id": "5a82188631013a001a3351e5", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "feeding", "answer_start": 305}], "question": "Aside from bleeding what is an order of rules that define how suprasegmentals change?", "id": "5a82188631013a001a3351e6", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Phonology", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "Phonotactics, phonological alternation and stress are topics contained in what discipline?", "id": "5a82188631013a001a3351e7", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "prosody", "answer_start": 338}], "question": "Stress and rules are studied under what topic?", "id": "5a82188631013a001a3351e8", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "Phonology", "answer_start": 0}], "question": "What includes topics such as sound rules?", "id": "5a82188631013a001a3351e9", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "Phonology also includes topics such as phonotactics (the phonological constraints on what sounds can appear in what positions in a given language) and phonological alternation (how the pronunciation of a sound changes through the application of phonological rules, sometimes in a given order which can be feeding or bleeding,) as well as prosody, the study of suprasegmentals and topics such as stress and intonation."}], ["Prinsip analisis fonologi boleh digunakan secara bebas daripada modaliti kerana ia dirancang untuk berfungsi sebagai alat analisis umum, bukan bahasa yang khusus. Prinsip yang sama telah digunakan untuk analisis bahasa isyarat (lihat Phonemes dalam bahasa isyarat), walaupun unit subkleksikal tidak instantiated sebagai bunyi ucapan. <> Alih-alih menjadi bahasa yang khusus jenis alat apakah prinsip analisis fonologi yang dirancang untuk menjadi? || alat analisis umum <> Apa jenis bahasa lain yang mempunyai prinsip analisis fonologi digunakan? || bahasa isyarat <> Apakah prinsip analisis fonologi yang boleh digunakan secara berasingan daripada? || modaliti <> Dalam bahasa isyarat apa yang tidak diwakili sebagai contoh bunyi ucapan? || unit subkleksikal <> Daripada bahasa tertentu apa jenis alat bahasa isyarat yang dirancang? || <> Apa jenis bahasa lain yang mempunyai prinsip bunyi ucapan diterapkan pada || <> Apakah prinsip bahasa isyarat yang boleh digunakan secara berasingan daripada? || <> Dalam tanda lagu apa yang tidak diwakili sebagai contoh alat analisis? || <> Apa yang boleh digunakan bergantung pada modaliti? ||", {"qas": [{"question": "Instead of being language-specific what kind of tools are the principles of phonological analysis designed to be?", "id": "56fc989fb53dbe190075513b", "answers": [{"text": "general analytical tools", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other types of language have the phonological analysis principles been applied to?", "id": "56fc989fb53dbe190075513c", "answers": [{"text": "sign languages", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the principles of phonological analysis able to be applied separately from?", "id": "56fc989fb53dbe190075513d", "answers": [{"text": "modality", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In sign languages what are not represented as instances of speech sounds?", "id": "56fc989fb53dbe190075513e", "answers": [{"text": "sub-lexical units", "answer_start": 295}], "is_impossible": false}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "general analytical tools", "answer_start": 119}], "question": "Instead of being language specific what kind of tool is sign language designed to be? ", "id": "5a821ac031013a001a335201", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sign languages", "answer_start": 262}], "question": "What other types of language have the speech sound principles been applied to ", "id": "5a821ac031013a001a335202", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "modality", "answer_start": 72}], "question": "What are the principles of sign language able to be applied separately from?", "id": "5a821ac031013a001a335203", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "sub-lexical units", "answer_start": 295}], "question": "In sign laguages what are not represented as instances of analytical tools?", "id": "5a821ac031013a001a335204", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}, {"plausible_answers": [{"text": "principles of phonological analysis", "answer_start": 4}], "question": "What can be applied depending on modality?", "id": "5a821ac031013a001a335205", "answers": [], "is_impossible": true}], "context": "The principles of phonological analysis can be applied independently of modality because they are designed to serve as general analytical tools, not language-specific ones. The same principles have been applied to the analysis of sign languages (see Phonemes in sign languages), even though the sub-lexical units are not instantiated as speech sounds."}]], [["Sektor, alat perhitungan yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah dalam perkadaran, trigonometri, pendaraban dan pembahagian, dan untuk pelbagai fungsi, seperti dataran dan akar kiub, telah dibangunkan pada akhir abad ke-16 dan mendapati permohonan dalam tembakan, ukur dan navigasi. <> Sektor, alat pengiraan, dicipta pada abad apa? || abad ke-16", {"qas": [{"question": "The sector, a calculating instrument, was invented during what century?", "id": "56fdc789761e401900d28bf1", "answers": [{"text": "16th century", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The sector, a calculating instrument used for solving problems in proportion, trigonometry, multiplication and division, and for various functions, such as squares and cube roots, was developed in the late 16th century and found application in gunnery, surveying and navigation."}], ["Mekanisme Antikythera dipercayai merupakan \"komputer\" analog mekanik terawal, menurut Derek J. de Solla Price. Ia direka untuk mengira kedudukan astronomi. Ia telah ditemui pada tahun 1901 di kapal Antikythera di pulau Yunani Antikythera, antara Kythera dan Crete, dan telah bertarikh sekitar 100 SM. Peranti dari tahap kerumitan yang setanding dengan mekanisme Antikythera tidak akan muncul semula sehingga ribuan tahun kemudian. <> Apa yang dianggap sebagai komputer analog mekanikal yang pertama? || Mekanisme Antikythera <> Mekanisme Antikythera difikirkan sebagai komputer pertama menurut siapa? || Derek J. de Solla Harga. <> Bilakah mekanisme Antikythera ditemui? || 1901 <> Di manakah mekanisme Antikythera ditemui pada tahun 1901? || Antikythera menghancurkan pulau Yunani Antikythera <> Dimana Pulau Yunani Antikythera terletak di antara? || Kythera dan Crete", {"qas": [{"question": "What is thought to be the first mechanical analog computer?", "id": "56fdc6e7761e401900d28bdd", "answers": [{"text": "The Antikythera mechanism", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Antikythera mechanism was thought to be the first computer according to whom?", "id": "56fdc6e7761e401900d28bde", "answers": [{"text": "Derek J. de Solla Price.", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Antikythera mechanism discovered?", "id": "56fdc6e7761e401900d28bdf", "answers": [{"text": "1901", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Antikythera mechanism found in 1901?", "id": "56fdc6e7761e401900d28be0", "answers": [{"text": "Antikythera wreck off the Greek island of Antikythera", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Greek Island of Antikythera located between?", "id": "56fdc6e7761e401900d28be1", "answers": [{"text": "Kythera and Crete", "answer_start": 274}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Antikythera mechanism is believed to be the earliest mechanical analog \"computer\", according to Derek J. de Solla Price. It was designed to calculate astronomical positions. It was discovered in 1901 in the Antikythera wreck off the Greek island of Antikythera, between Kythera and Crete, and has been dated to circa 100 BC. Devices of a level of complexity comparable to that of the Antikythera mechanism would not reappear until a thousand years later."}], ["Abacus pada mulanya digunakan untuk tugas-tugas aritmetik. Abacus Rom digunakan di Babylonia seawal 2400 SM. Sejak itu, banyak lagi bentuk papan perhitungan atau jadual telah dicipta. Di rumah pengiraan Eropah abad pertengahan, kain berkotak akan diletakkan di atas meja, dan penanda berputar di atasnya mengikut peraturan tertentu, sebagai bantuan untuk mengira jumlah wang. <> Apa abacus pertama kali digunakan? || tugas-tugas aritmetik <> Bilakah abacus Roman digunakan dahulu? || 2400 SM <> Di manakah abacus Roman digunakan dahulu? || Babylonia <> Pada zaman pertengahan Eropah diletakkan di atas meja untuk membantu mengira wang? || kain berkotak <> Sebuah kain berkotak di atas meja digunakan di Eropah abad pertengahan untuk membantu mengira apa? || jumlah wang", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the abacus first used for?", "id": "56fdc67a19033b140034cd6b", "answers": [{"text": "arithmetic tasks", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Roman abacus first used?", "id": "56fdc67a19033b140034cd6c", "answers": [{"text": "2400 BC", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Roman abacus first used?", "id": "56fdc67a19033b140034cd6d", "answers": [{"text": "Babylonia", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In medieval Europe was was placed on a table to help count money?", "id": "56fdc67a19033b140034cd6e", "answers": [{"text": "a checkered cloth", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A checkered cloth on a table was used in medieval Europe to help count what?", "id": "56fdc67a19033b140034cd6f", "answers": [{"text": "sums of money", "answer_start": 360}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The abacus was initially used for arithmetic tasks. The Roman abacus was used in Babylonia as early as 2400 BC. Since then, many other forms of reckoning boards or tables have been invented. In a medieval European counting house, a checkered cloth would be placed on a table, and markers moved around on it according to certain rules, as an aid to calculating sums of money."}], ["Peranti telah digunakan untuk membantu perhitungan selama ribuan tahun, kebanyakannya menggunakan surat-menyurat satu sama satu dengan jari. Peranti pengiraan terawal mungkin merupakan bentuk tally stick. Alat penyimpanan rekod kemudiannya di seluruh Bulan Sabit Fertil termasuk calculi (sfera tanah liat, kerucut, dan sebagainya) yang mewakili tuduhan barang, mungkin ternakan atau bijirin, dimeteraikan dalam bekas tanah kosong kosong. Penggunaan batang pengiraan adalah satu contoh. <> Peranti yang paling awal untuk membantu mengira adalah apa? || satu bentuk tally stick <> Calculi semasa Bulan Sabit Fertil merujuk kepada apa? || (sfera tanah liat, kon, dan sebagainya)", {"qas": [{"question": "The earliest device to help count was what?", "id": "56fdc60e19033b140034cd67", "answers": [{"text": "a form of tally stick", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Calculi during the Fertile Crescent refers to what?", "id": "56fdc60e19033b140034cd68", "answers": [{"text": "(clay spheres, cones, etc.)", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Devices have been used to aid computation for thousands of years, mostly using one-to-one correspondence with fingers. The earliest counting device was probably a form of tally stick. Later record keeping aids throughout the Fertile Crescent included calculi (clay spheres, cones, etc.) which represented counts of items, probably livestock or grains, sealed in hollow unbaked clay containers. The use of counting rods is one example."}], ["Komputer moden berdasarkan litar bersepadu berjuta-juta hingga berbilion kali lebih mampu daripada mesin awal, dan menduduki sebahagian kecil ruang. Komputer cukup kecil untuk dimuatkan ke dalam peranti mudah alih, dan komputer mudah alih boleh dikuasakan oleh bateri kecil. Komputer peribadi dalam pelbagai bentuk adalah ikon Zaman Maklumat dan umumnya dianggap sebagai \"komputer\". Walau bagaimanapun, komputer terbenam yang terdapat di banyak peranti dari pemain MP3 ke pesawat pejuang dan dari mainan elektronik ke robot industri adalah yang paling banyak. <> Komputer dalam zaman sekarang adalah berdasarkan apa yang menjadikannya lebih cepat daripada komputer terdahulu? || litar bersepadu <> Berapa lebih banyak komputer berkuasa berbanding komputer awal? || berjuta-juta hingga berbilion kali", {"qas": [{"question": "Computers in today's age are based on what that make them much faster than earlier computers?", "id": "56fdc4f319033b140034cd5b", "answers": [{"text": "integrated circuits", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much more powerful are modern computers versus early computers?", "id": "56fdc4f319033b140034cd5c", "answers": [{"text": "millions to billions of times", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Modern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as \"computers\". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous."}], ["Secara konvensional, komputer terdiri daripada sekurang-kurangnya satu elemen pemprosesan, biasanya unit pemprosesan pusat (CPU), dan beberapa bentuk ingatan. Elemen pemprosesan menjalankan operasi aritmetik dan logik, dan unit penjujukan dan kawalan boleh mengubah susunan operasi sebagai tindak balas kepada maklumat yang disimpan. Peranti peranti membenarkan maklumat yang diambil dari sumber luaran, dan hasil operasi disimpan dan diambil. <> Dalam istilah komputer, apakah CPU yang berdiri? || unit pemprosesan pusat <> Apakah peranti yang dipanggil dari sumber luaran? || Peranti Perisian <> Apakah dua perkara yang sentiasa ada komputer? || (CPU), dan beberapa bentuk ingatan", {"qas": [{"question": "In computer terms, what does CPU stand for?", "id": "56fdc40c19033b140034cd4d", "answers": [{"text": "central processing unit", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the devices called that are from an external source?", "id": "56fdc40c19033b140034cd4e", "answers": [{"text": "Peripheral devices", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two things that a computer always has?", "id": "56fdc40c19033b140034cd4f", "answers": [{"text": "(CPU), and some form of memory", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved."}], ["Peraturan slaid dicipta sekitar 1620-1630, sejurus selepas penerbitan konsep logaritma. Ia adalah komputer analog yang dikendalikan tangan untuk melakukan pendaraban dan pembahagian. Apabila perkembangan peraturan gelongsor berkembang, penambahan skala menyediakan reciprocals, squares dan akar persegi, kiub dan akar kubus, serta fungsi transenden seperti logaritma dan eksponen, trigonometri pekeliling dan hiperbolik dan fungsi lain. Penerbangan adalah salah satu daripada beberapa bidang di mana peraturan slaid masih digunakan secara meluas, terutamanya untuk menyelesaikan masalah jarak jauh dalam pesawat ringan. Untuk menghemat ruang dan untuk memudahkan bacaan, ini biasanya adalah alat bulat dan bukannya bentuk aturan slaid linear klasik. Satu contoh yang popular ialah E6B. <> Bilakah peraturan slaid mula dicipta? || 1620-1630 <> Apakah peraturan slaid yang digunakan? || melakukan pendaraban dan pembahagian. <> Industri apa peraturan slaid yang masih digunakan hari ini? || Penerbangan", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the slide rule first invented?", "id": "56fdc947761e401900d28bf3", "answers": [{"text": "1620\u20131630", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the slide rule used for?", "id": "56fdc947761e401900d28bf4", "answers": [{"text": "doing multiplication and division.", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What industry are slide rules still used today?", "id": "56fdc947761e401900d28bf5", "answers": [{"text": "Aviation", "answer_start": 438}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The slide rule was invented around 1620\u20131630, shortly after the publication of the concept of the logarithm. It is a hand-operated analog computer for doing multiplication and division. As slide rule development progressed, added scales provided reciprocals, squares and square roots, cubes and cube roots, as well as transcendental functions such as logarithms and exponentials, circular and hyperbolic trigonometry and other functions. Aviation is one of the few fields where slide rules are still in widespread use, particularly for solving time\u2013distance problems in light aircraft. To save space and for ease of reading, these are typically circular devices rather than the classic linear slide rule shape. A popular example is the E6B."}], ["Komputer analog mekanik mula muncul pada abad pertama dan kemudian digunakan pada zaman pertengahan untuk pengiraan astronomi. Dalam Perang Dunia II, komputer analog mekanikal digunakan untuk aplikasi ketenteraan khusus seperti menghitung torpedo yang bertujuan. Pada masa ini, komputer digital elektronik pertama telah dibangunkan. Pada mulanya mereka adalah saiz bilik besar, memakan banyak kuasa sebagai beberapa ratus komputer peribadi moden (PC). <> Apakah komputer analog pada asalnya digunakan? || pengiraan astronomi <> Semasa perang apa komputer pertama kali digunakan untuk aplikasi ketenteraan? || Perang Dunia II, <> Dalam istilah komputer, apa yang PC berdiri? || komputer peribadi <> Semasa peperangan apakah komputer digital pertama dicipta? || Perang Dunia II", {"qas": [{"question": "What were analog computers originally used for?", "id": "56fdc48f19033b140034cd53", "answers": [{"text": "astronomical calculations", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what war were computers first used for military applications?", "id": "56fdc48f19033b140034cd54", "answers": [{"text": "World War II,", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In computer terms, what does PC stand for?", "id": "56fdc48f19033b140034cd55", "answers": [{"text": "personal computers", "answer_start": 436}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what war were the first digital computers invented?", "id": "56fdc48f19033b140034cd56", "answers": [{"text": "World War II", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Mechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs)."}], ["Banyak bantuan mekanikal untuk pengiraan dan pengukuran dibina untuk penggunaan astronomi dan navigasi. Planisphere adalah carta bintang yang dicipta oleh Ab\u016b Rayh\u0101n al-B\u012br\u016bn\u012b pada awal abad ke-11. Astrolabe dicipta di dunia Helenistik pada abad ke-1 atau ke-2 SM dan sering dikaitkan dengan Hipparchus. Kombinasi planisphere dan dioptra, astrolabe adalah sebuah komputer analog yang mampu menyelesaikan beberapa masalah yang berbeza dalam astronomi sfera. Sebuah astrolabe yang menggabungkan komputer kalendar mekanikal dan roda gear telah dicipta oleh Abi Bakr dari Isfahan, Persia pada tahun 1235. Ab\u016b Rayh\u0101n al-B\u012br\u016bn\u012b mencipta astrolabe kalendar lunisolar yang diarahkan mekanikal pertama, mesin pemprosesan pengetahuan awal yang tetap dengan kereta api gear dan gear roda, kira-kira 1000 AD. <> Siapa yang mencipta planisphere itu? || Ab\u016b Rayh\u0101n al-B\u012br\u016bn\u012b <> Siapa sangka telah mencipta astrolabe dalam sejarah? || Hipparchus <> Astrolabe adalah gabungan dari apa yang dua peranti dalam sejarah? || planisphere dan dioptra <> Astrolabe pertama dengan gear-wheels dicipta ketika? || 1235 <> Astrolabe pertama dengan kalendar mekanikal dicipta di mana? || Persia", {"qas": [{"question": "Who invented the planisphere?", "id": "56fdc764761e401900d28be7", "answers": [{"text": "Ab\u016b Rayh\u0101n al-B\u012br\u016bn\u012b", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is thought to have invented the astrolabe in history?", "id": "56fdc764761e401900d28be8", "answers": [{"text": "Hipparchus", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The astrolabe was a combination of what two devices in history?", "id": "56fdc764761e401900d28be9", "answers": [{"text": "the planisphere and dioptra", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first astrolabe with gear-wheels was invented when?", "id": "56fdc764761e401900d28bea", "answers": [{"text": "1235", "answer_start": 627}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first astrolabe with a mechanical calendar was invented where?", "id": "56fdc764761e401900d28beb", "answers": [{"text": "Persia", "answer_start": 617}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many mechanical aids to calculation and measurement were constructed for astronomical and navigation use. The planisphere was a star chart invented by Ab\u016b Rayh\u0101n al-B\u012br\u016bn\u012b in the early 11th century. The astrolabe was invented in the Hellenistic world in either the 1st or 2nd centuries BC and is often attributed to Hipparchus. A combination of the planisphere and dioptra, the astrolabe was effectively an analog computer capable of working out several different kinds of problems in spherical astronomy. An astrolabe incorporating a mechanical calendar computer and gear-wheels was invented by Abi Bakr of Isfahan, Persia in 1235. Ab\u016b Rayh\u0101n al-B\u012br\u016bn\u012b invented the first mechanical geared lunisolar calendar astrolabe, an early fixed-wired knowledge processing machine with a gear train and gear-wheels, circa 1000 AD."}], ["Penggunaan kata pertama \"komputer\" adalah pada tahun 1613 dalam buku yang dipanggil The Yong Mans Gleanings oleh penulis Inggeris, Richard Braithwait: \"Saya membaca komputer yang paling tepat di Times, dan Arithmetician yang terbaik yang menghembuskan nafas, dan dia meredakan hari anda ke dalam nombor pendek. \" Ia merujuk kepada seseorang yang menjalankan pengiraan, atau perhitungan. Perkataan itu diteruskan dengan makna yang sama sehingga pertengahan abad ke-20. Dari akhir abad ke-19 perkataan itu mula mengambil makna yang lebih akrab, sebuah mesin yang menjalankan perhitungan. <> Bilakah penggunaan pertama perkataan \"komputer\"? || 1613 <> Dalam buku mana, istilah \"komputer\" digunakan dahulu? || The Yong Mans Gleanings <> Siapa pengarang buku, The Yong Mans Gleanings? || Richard Braithwait <> Dari akhir abad apa, adakah perkataan \"komputer\" mengambil makna yang terkenal hari ini? || abad ke-19", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the first known use of the word \"computer\"?", "id": "56fdc5b519033b140034cd5f", "answers": [{"text": "1613", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which book, was the term \"computer\" first used?", "id": "56fdc5b519033b140034cd60", "answers": [{"text": "The Yong Mans Gleanings", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the author of the book, The Yong Mans Gleanings?", "id": "56fdc5b519033b140034cd61", "answers": [{"text": "Richard Braithwait", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From the end of what century, did the word \"computer\" take its well known meaning of today?", "id": "56fdc5b519033b140034cd62", "answers": [{"text": "19th century", "answer_start": 442}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first known use of the word \"computer\" was in 1613 in a book called The Yong Mans Gleanings by English writer Richard Braithwait: \"I haue read the truest computer of Times, and the best Arithmetician that euer breathed, and he reduceth thy dayes into a short number.\" It referred to a person who carried out calculations, or computations. The word continued with the same meaning until the middle of the 20th century. From the end of the 19th century the word began to take on its more familiar meaning, a machine that carries out computations."}], ["Menjelang tahun 1950-an kejayaan komputer elektronik digital telah mengakhiri akhir untuk kebanyakan mesin pengkomputeran analog, tetapi komputer analog masih digunakan dalam beberapa aplikasi khusus seperti pendidikan (sistem kawalan) dan pesawat (peraturan slaid). <> Dengan apa dekad apa peranti pengkomputeran analog diberikan usang? || 50-an <> Komputer analog kekal digunakan dalam industri apa? || pendidikan (sistem kawalan) dan pesawat udara (peraturan slaid).", {"qas": [{"question": "By what decade were analog computing devices rendered obsolete?", "id": "56fdcd6019033b140034cd8b", "answers": [{"text": "50s", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Analog computers remain in use in what industries?", "id": "56fdcd6019033b140034cd8c", "answers": [{"text": "education (control systems) and aircraft (slide rule).", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By the 1950s the success of digital electronic computers had spelled the end for most analog computing machines, but analog computers remain in use in some specialized applications such as education (control systems) and aircraft (slide rule)."}], ["Mesin ramalan yang dijangka oleh Sir William Thomson pada tahun 1872 adalah utiliti yang hebat untuk navigasi di perairan cetek. Ia menggunakan sistem pulleys dan wires untuk secara automatik mengira tahap aras yang diramalkan untuk tempoh yang ditetapkan di lokasi tertentu. <> Bilakah mesin ramalan pasang surut yang dicipta oleh Sir William Thomson dicipta? || 1872 <> Siapa yang mencipta mesin pertama-meramalkan pertama pada tahun 1872? || Sir William Thomson <> Apa gunanya mesin ramalan Sir William Thomson berfungsi? || sistem kapi dan wayar", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the tide-predicting machine invented by Sir William Thomson invented?", "id": "56fdca0319033b140034cd75", "answers": [{"text": "1872", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who invented the first tide-predicting machine in 1872?", "id": "56fdca0319033b140034cd76", "answers": [{"text": "Sir William Thomson", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Sir William Thomson's tide-predicting machine use to function?", "id": "56fdca0319033b140034cd77", "answers": [{"text": "system of pulleys and wires", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The tide-predicting machine invented by Sir William Thomson in 1872 was of great utility to navigation in shallow waters. It used a system of pulleys and wires to automatically calculate predicted tide levels for a set period at a particular location."}], ["Seni pengkomputeran analog mekanik mencapai kemuncaknya dengan penganalisis pembezaan, yang dibina oleh H. L. Hazen dan Vannevar Bush di MIT bermula pada tahun 1927. Ini dibina pada integrator mekanikal James Thomson dan penguat tork yang dicipta oleh H. W. Nieman. Selusin peranti ini dibina sebelum usul mereka menjadi jelas. <> Di manakah penganalisis pembezaan yang dibina oleh H.L Hazen? || MIT <> Analisis penganalisis oleh H.L Hazen dan Vannevar Bush mula dibina pada tahun berapa? || 1927 <> Penguat torsi penganalisis berbeza telah dicipta oleh siapa? || H. W. Nieman", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was the differential analyzer built by H.L. Hazen?", "id": "56fdcd2e761e401900d28c11", "answers": [{"text": "MIT", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The differential analyzer by H.L. Hazen and Vannevar Bush was first being built in what year?", "id": "56fdcd2e761e401900d28c12", "answers": [{"text": "1927", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The torque amplifiers of the differential analyzer were created by whom?", "id": "56fdcd2e761e401900d28c13", "answers": [{"text": "H. W. Nieman", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The art of mechanical analog computing reached its zenith with the differential analyzer, built by H. L. Hazen and Vannevar Bush at MIT starting in 1927. This built on the mechanical integrators of James Thomson and the torque amplifiers invented by H. W. Nieman. A dozen of these devices were built before their obsolescence became obvious."}], ["Komputer analog moden yang pertama adalah mesin ramalan pasang surut, yang dicipta oleh Sir William Thomson pada tahun 1872. Penganalisis kebezaan, komputer analog mekanikal yang direka untuk menyelesaikan persamaan kebezaan dengan integrasi menggunakan mekanisme roda dan cakera, telah difahami pada tahun 1876 oleh James Thomson , saudara lelaki Lord Kelvin yang lebih terkenal. <> Siapa yang mencipta komputer analog pertama dalam bentuk mesin ramalan pasang surut? || Sir William Thomson <> Kapan komputer analog pertama dalam bentuk mesin ramalan pasang surut yang dibuat? || 1872 <> Siapa yang menciptakan idea penganalisis kebezaan pada tahun 1876? || James Thomson <> James Thomson adalah abang dari angka yang terkenal itu? || Lord Kelvin", {"qas": [{"question": "Who invented the first analog computer in the form of a tide-predicting machine?", "id": "56fdcccd761e401900d28c09", "answers": [{"text": "Sir William Thomson", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the first analog computer in the form of a tide-predicting machine created?", "id": "56fdcccd761e401900d28c0a", "answers": [{"text": "1872", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created the idea of the differential analyzer in 1876?", "id": "56fdcccd761e401900d28c0b", "answers": [{"text": "James Thomson", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "James Thomson was the brother of what famous figure?", "id": "56fdcccd761e401900d28c0c", "answers": [{"text": "Lord Kelvin", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first modern analog computer was a tide-predicting machine, invented by Sir William Thomson in 1872. The differential analyser, a mechanical analog computer designed to solve differential equations by integration using wheel-and-disc mechanisms, was conceptualized in 1876 by James Thomson, the brother of the more famous Lord Kelvin."}], ["Beliau juga memperkenalkan tanggapan 'Mesin Universal' (sekarang dikenali sebagai mesin Universal Turing), dengan idea bahawa mesin itu boleh melakukan tugas-tugas mesin lain, atau dengan perkataan lain, ia adalah berkebolehan untuk mengira apa-apa yang boleh dihitung dengan melaksanakan program yang disimpan pada pita, yang membolehkan mesin diprogramkan. Von Neumann mengakui bahawa konsep utama komputer moden adalah kerana kertas ini. Mesin Turing adalah hingga ke hari ini objek kajian utama dalam teori perhitungan. Kecuali untuk batasan yang dikenakan oleh kedai memori terbatas, komputer moden dikatakan sebagai Turing-lengkap, iaitu, mereka mempunyai keupayaan pelaksanaan algoritma yang setara dengan mesin Turing sejagat. <> Mesin Universal dikenali sebagai hari ini? || Mesin Turing sejagat", {"qas": [{"question": "A Universal Machine is known as what today?", "id": "56fddf1719033b140034cd95", "answers": [{"text": "Universal Turing machine", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "He also introduced the notion of a 'Universal Machine' (now known as a Universal Turing machine), with the idea that such a machine could perform the tasks of any other machine, or in other words, it is provably capable of computing anything that is computable by executing a program stored on tape, allowing the machine to be programmable. Von Neumann acknowledged that the central concept of the modern computer was due to this paper. Turing machines are to this day a central object of study in theory of computation. Except for the limitations imposed by their finite memory stores, modern computers are said to be Turing-complete, which is to say, they have algorithm execution capability equivalent to a universal Turing machine."}], ["Pada tahun 1770-an, Pierre Jaquet-Droz, pembuat jam tangan Switzerland, membina boneka mekanik (automata) yang boleh menulis memegang pen quill. Dengan menukar nombor dan pesanan roda dalamannya dengan huruf yang berlainan, dan dengan itu mesej yang berbeza, boleh dihasilkan. Sebenarnya, ia boleh \"diprogram\" secara mekanik untuk membaca arahan. Bersama dua mesin kompleks lain, anak patung itu berada di Mus\u00e9e d'Art et d'Histoire dari Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland, dan masih beroperasi. <> Apakah profesi Pierre Jaquet-Droz? || pengawal Swiss <> Bilakah Pierre Jaquet-Droz membina boneka mekanikal yang boleh memegang pen? || Pada tahun 1770-an <> Di manakah boneka Pierre Jaquet-Droz dibina hari ini? || Mus\u00e9e d'Art et d'Histoire <> Di mana Musee d-Art et d'Histoire terletak? || Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the profession of Pierre Jaquet-Droz?", "id": "56fdc9b8761e401900d28bf9", "answers": [{"text": "a Swiss watchmaker", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Pierre Jaquet-Droz build a mechanical doll that could hold a pen?", "id": "56fdc9b8761e401900d28bfa", "answers": [{"text": "In the 1770s", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the doll Pierre Jaquet-Droz built today?", "id": "56fdc9b8761e401900d28bfb", "answers": [{"text": "Mus\u00e9e d'Art et d'Histoire", "answer_start": 380}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the Musee d-Art et d'Histoire located?", "id": "56fdc9b8761e401900d28bfc", "answers": [{"text": "Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland", "answer_start": 409}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 1770s Pierre Jaquet-Droz, a Swiss watchmaker, built a mechanical doll (automata) that could write holding a quill pen. By switching the number and order of its internal wheels different letters, and hence different messages, could be produced. In effect, it could be mechanically \"programmed\" to read instructions. Along with two other complex machines, the doll is at the Mus\u00e9e d'Art et d'Histoire of Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland, and still operates."}], ["Prinsip komputer moden mula-mula digambarkan oleh ahli sains matematik dan perintis komputer Alan Turing, yang mengetengahkan idea itu dalam karya semeninya pada tahun 1936, Pada Nombor-nombor yang boleh dihitung. Turing menyusun semula hasil 1931 Kurt G\u00f6del mengenai had bukti dan perhitungan, menggantikan bahasa rasmi berasaskan aritmetik universal G\u00f6del dengan alat hipotesis formal dan mudah yang dikenali sebagai mesin Turing. Dia membuktikan bahawa sesetengah mesin itu mampu melaksanakan apa-apa pengiraan matematik yang boleh difikirkan jika ia boleh dianggap sebagai algoritma. Dia terus membuktikan bahawa tidak ada penyelesaian untuk Entscheidungsproblem dengan menunjukkan bahawa masalah yang tidak dapat diselesaikan untuk mesin Turing adalah tidak dapat dinafikan: secara umum, tidak mungkin untuk menentukan secara algoritme sama ada mesin Turing yang diberikan akan berhenti. <> Siapa yang menulis kertas \"Pada Nombor Boleh Diubah\"? || Alan Turing <> Apabila Alan Turing menulis karya itu, \"Pada Nombor Boleh Diubah\"? || 1936 <> Siapa yang Turing menyemak semula keputusan pada had bukti dan pengiraan pada tahun 1931? || Kurt G\u00f6del", {"qas": [{"question": "Who wrote the paper \"On Computable Numbers\"?", "id": "56fdda6219033b140034cd8f", "answers": [{"text": "Alan Turing", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Alan Turing write the paper, \"On Computable Numbers\"?", "id": "56fdda6219033b140034cd90", "answers": [{"text": "1936", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Turing revise the results on the limits of proof and computation in 1931?", "id": "56fdda6219033b140034cd91", "answers": [{"text": "Kurt G\u00f6del", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The principle of the modern computer was first described by mathematician and pioneering computer scientist Alan Turing, who set out the idea in his seminal 1936 paper, On Computable Numbers. Turing reformulated Kurt G\u00f6del's 1931 results on the limits of proof and computation, replacing G\u00f6del's universal arithmetic-based formal language with the formal and simple hypothetical devices that became known as Turing machines. He proved that some such machine would be capable of performing any conceivable mathematical computation if it were representable as an algorithm. He went on to prove that there was no solution to the Entscheidungsproblem by first showing that the halting problem for Turing machines is undecidable: in general, it is not possible to decide algorithmically whether a given Turing machine will ever halt."}], ["Mesin ini kira-kira satu abad lebih awal daripada masa. Semua bahagian mesinnya perlu dibuat dengan tangan - ini merupakan masalah utama untuk peranti dengan beribu-ribu bahagian. Akhirnya, projek itu dibubarkan dengan keputusan Kerajaan British untuk menghentikan pembiayaan. Kegagalan Babbage untuk menyelesaikan enjin analitis dapat disebabkan oleh kesulitan bukan saja dari politik dan pembiayaan, tetapi juga keinginannya untuk mengembangkan komputer yang semakin canggih dan bergerak maju lebih cepat daripada orang lain yang dapat mengikuti. Walau bagaimanapun, anaknya, Henry Babbage, menyelesaikan versi komputer pengkomputeran analitik yang mudah (kilang) pada tahun 1888. Dia memberi demonstrasi yang berjaya menggunakannya dalam jadual pengkomputeran pada tahun 1906. <Siapakah anak lelaki Charles Babbage? || Henry Babbage <> Siapa yang membuat versi sederhana unit pengkomputeran analisis analitik itu? || Henry Babbage <> Bilakah kilang dicipta oleh Henry Babbage? || 1888 <> Bilakah demonstrasi oleh Henry Babbage tentang kilang yang diberikan? || 1906", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was Charles Babbage's son?", "id": "56fdcc3b19033b140034cd83", "answers": [{"text": "Henry Babbage", "answer_start": 551}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created a simple version of the analytical engine's computing unit?", "id": "56fdcc3b19033b140034cd84", "answers": [{"text": "Henry Babbage", "answer_start": 551}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the mill created by Henry Babbage?", "id": "56fdcc3b19033b140034cd85", "answers": [{"text": "1888", "answer_start": 653}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was a demonstration by Henry Babbage of the mill given?", "id": "56fdcc3b19033b140034cd86", "answers": [{"text": "1906", "answer_start": 728}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The machine was about a century ahead of its time. All the parts for his machine had to be made by hand \u2014 this was a major problem for a device with thousands of parts. Eventually, the project was dissolved with the decision of the British Government to cease funding. Babbage's failure to complete the analytical engine can be chiefly attributed to difficulties not only of politics and financing, but also to his desire to develop an increasingly sophisticated computer and to move ahead faster than anyone else could follow. Nevertheless, his son, Henry Babbage, completed a simplified version of the analytical engine's computing unit (the mill) in 1888. He gave a successful demonstration of its use in computing tables in 1906."}], ["Penganalisis kebezaan, komputer analog mekanikal yang direka untuk menyelesaikan persamaan kebezaan dengan integrasi, mekanisme roda dan cakera yang digunakan untuk melaksanakan integrasi. Pada tahun 1876 Lord Kelvin telah membincangkan kemungkinan pembinaan kalkulator seperti itu, tetapi dia telah dipotong oleh tork keluaran terhad bagi integrator bola dan cakera. Dalam penganalisis kebezaan, output satu integrator mendorong input integrator seterusnya, atau output grafik. Penguat tork adalah pendahuluan yang membolehkan mesin-mesin ini berfungsi. Bermula pada tahun 1920-an, Vannevar Bush dan lain-lain telah membangunkan analisa pembezaan mekanikal. <> Apakah jenis mekanisma menggunakan analisis penganalisis? || roda-dan-cakera <> Pada tahun 1876 yang melobi untuk pembinaan analisis penganalisis? || Lord Kelvin <> Semasa dekad apa yang dilakukan penganalisis pembezaan mekanikal? || 1920-an <> Pada tahun 1920-an, siapakah yang membangunkan analisa pembezaan mekanikal? || Vannevar Bush", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of mechanisms did the differential analyzer use?", "id": "56fdcadf761e401900d28c01", "answers": [{"text": "wheel-and-disc", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1876 who lobbied for the construction of the differential analyzers?", "id": "56fdcadf761e401900d28c02", "answers": [{"text": "Lord Kelvin", "answer_start": 180}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what decade were mechanical differential analyzers developed?", "id": "56fdcadf761e401900d28c03", "answers": [{"text": "1920s", "answer_start": 557}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the 1920s, who was the person who developed mechanical differential analyzers?", "id": "56fdcadf761e401900d28c04", "answers": [{"text": "Vannevar Bush", "answer_start": 564}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The differential analyser, a mechanical analog computer designed to solve differential equations by integration, used wheel-and-disc mechanisms to perform the integration. In 1876 Lord Kelvin had already discussed the possible construction of such calculators, but he had been stymied by the limited output torque of the ball-and-disk integrators. In a differential analyzer, the output of one integrator drove the input of the next integrator, or a graphing output. The torque amplifier was the advance that allowed these machines to work. Starting in the 1920s, Vannevar Bush and others developed mechanical differential analyzers."}], ["Charles Babbage, seorang jurutera mekanikal Inggeris dan polymath, berasal dari konsep komputer yang boleh diprogramkan. Dianggap sebagai \"bapa komputer\", dia mengonseptualkan dan mencipta komputer mekanikal pertama pada awal abad ke-19. Selepas bekerja pada enjin perbezaan revolusionernya, yang direka untuk membantu pengiraan navigasi, pada tahun 1833 ia menyedari bahawa reka bentuk yang lebih umum, Enjin Analitik, mungkin. Input program dan data akan disediakan kepada mesin melalui kad-kad yang ditekan, satu kaedah yang digunakan pada masa itu untuk mengarahkan alat tenunan mekanikal seperti mesin tenun Jacquard. Untuk output, mesin akan mempunyai pencetak, plotter lengkung dan loceng. Mesin itu juga akan dapat menumbuk nombor ke kad untuk dibaca kemudian. Enjin tersebut memasukkan unit logik aritmetik, aliran kawalan dalam bentuk cawangan bersyarat dan gelung bersyarat, dan memori bersepadu, menjadikannya reka bentuk pertama untuk komputer tujuan umum yang boleh diterangkan dalam istilah moden sebagai Turing-lengkap. <> Siapa yang mencipta konsep komputer diprogramkan? || Charles Babbage <> Siapa yang dianggap sebagai \"bapa komputer\"? || Charles Babbage <> Sepanjang abad berapa komputer mekanik pertama dicipta oleh Charles Babbage? || Awal abad ke-19 <> Tahun berapakah Charles Babbage mengetahui bahawa Enjin Analitik mungkin? || 1833", {"qas": [{"question": "Who invented the concept of a programmable computer?", "id": "56fdcbae19033b140034cd7b", "answers": [{"text": "Charles Babbage", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is considered the \"father of the computer\"?", "id": "56fdcbae19033b140034cd7c", "answers": [{"text": "Charles Babbage", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what century was the first mechanical computer invented by Charles Babbage?", "id": "56fdcbae19033b140034cd7d", "answers": [{"text": "early 19th century", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Charles Babbage find out that An Analytical Engine was possible?", "id": "56fdcbae19033b140034cd7e", "answers": [{"text": "1833", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Charles Babbage, an English mechanical engineer and polymath, originated the concept of a programmable computer. Considered the \"father of the computer\", he conceptualized and invented the first mechanical computer in the early 19th century. After working on his revolutionary difference engine, designed to aid in navigational calculations, in 1833 he realized that a much more general design, an Analytical Engine, was possible. The input of programs and data was to be provided to the machine via punched cards, a method being used at the time to direct mechanical looms such as the Jacquard loom. For output, the machine would have a printer, a curve plotter and a bell. The machine would also be able to punch numbers onto cards to be read in later. The Engine incorporated an arithmetic logic unit, control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops, and integrated memory, making it the first design for a general-purpose computer that could be described in modern terms as Turing-complete."}], ["Colossus adalah komputer digital digital yang boleh diprogramkan di dunia. Ia menggunakan sebilangan besar injap (tiub vakum). Ia mempunyai input kertas-kertas dan mampu dikonfigurasikan untuk melakukan pelbagai operasi logik boolean pada datanya, tetapi ia bukan Turing-lengkap. Nine Mk II Colossi dibina (The Mk I telah ditukar kepada Mk II yang membuat sepuluh mesin dalam jumlah). Colossus Mark I mengandungi 1500 injap termionik (tiub), tetapi Mark II dengan 2400 injap, kedua-duanya adalah 5 kali lebih cepat dan lebih mudah untuk beroperasi daripada Mark 1, sangat mempercepatkan proses penyahkodan. <> Apakah komputer digital yang boleh diprogram digital pertama di dunia? || Colossus <> Berapa banyak tiub vakum yang mengandungi Colossus Mark I? || 1500 injap termionik (tiub) <> Berapa banyak tiub yang mengandungi Colossus Mark II? || 2400", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the first electronic digital programmable computer in the world?", "id": "56fde3d4761e401900d28c41", "answers": [{"text": "Colossus", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many vacuum tubes did the Colossus Mark I contain?", "id": "56fde3d4761e401900d28c42", "answers": [{"text": "1500 thermionic valves (tubes)", "answer_start": 400}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many tubes did Colossus Mark II contain?", "id": "56fde3d4761e401900d28c43", "answers": [{"text": "2400", "answer_start": 449}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Colossus was the world's first electronic digital programmable computer. It used a large number of valves (vacuum tubes). It had paper-tape input and was capable of being configured to perform a variety of boolean logical operations on its data, but it was not Turing-complete. Nine Mk II Colossi were built (The Mk I was converted to a Mk II making ten machines in total). Colossus Mark I contained 1500 thermionic valves (tubes), but Mark II with 2400 valves, was both 5 times faster and simpler to operate than Mark 1, greatly speeding the decoding process."}], ["Komputer digital awal adalah elektromekanik; suis elektrik mendorong relay mekanikal untuk melakukan pengiraan. Peranti ini mempunyai kelajuan operasi yang rendah dan akhirnya diganti oleh komputer komputer yang lebih cepat, pada asalnya menggunakan tiub vakum. Z2, yang dicipta oleh jurutera Jerman, Konrad Zuse pada tahun 1939, merupakan salah satu contoh komputer elektromekanikal yang terawal. <> Siapa yang membuat komputer geganti, Z2? || Konrad Zuse <> Bilakah Konrad Zuse mencipta Z2? || 1939 <> Apa salah satu komputer geganti elektromekanik pertama? || Z2 <> Konrad Zuse seorang jurutera dengan kewarganegaraan apa? || Jerman", {"qas": [{"question": "Who created the relay computer, the Z2?", "id": "56fde0be761e401900d28c1d", "answers": [{"text": "Konrad Zuse", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Konrad Zuse invent the Z2?", "id": "56fde0be761e401900d28c1e", "answers": [{"text": "1939", "answer_start": 309}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one of the first electromechanical relay computers?", "id": "56fde0be761e401900d28c1f", "answers": [{"text": "The Z2", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Konrad Zuse was an engineer with what nationality?", "id": "56fde0be761e401900d28c20", "answers": [{"text": "German", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Early digital computers were electromechanical; electric switches drove mechanical relays to perform the calculation. These devices had a low operating speed and were eventually superseded by much faster all-electric computers, originally using vacuum tubes. The Z2, created by German engineer Konrad Zuse in 1939, was one of the earliest examples of an electromechanical relay computer."}], ["ENIAC yang dibina oleh AS (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) adalah komputer elektronik yang boleh diprogramkan pertama yang dibina di AS. Walaupun ENIAC sama dengan Colossus, ia lebih cepat dan lebih fleksibel. Ia adalah peranti Turing yang lengkap dan dapat mengira sebarang masalah yang sesuai dengan ingatannya. Seperti Colossus, \"program\" pada ENIAC ditakrifkan oleh keadaan kabel dan suis patchnya, jauh dari mesin elektronik program yang disimpan kemudian. Sebaik sahaja program ditulis, ia perlu disusun secara mekanikal ke mesin dengan menetapkan semula palam dan suis secara manual. <> AS-buils ENIAC bermaksud apa? || Integrator Berangka Elektronik dan Komputer) <> Apakah komputer boleh diprogram elektronik yang pertama dibina di Amerika Syarikat? || ENIAC", {"qas": [{"question": "The US-buils ENIAC stands for what?", "id": "56fde41819033b140034cd97", "answers": [{"text": "Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first electronic programmable computer built in the United States?", "id": "56fde41819033b140034cd98", "answers": [{"text": "ENIAC", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The US-built ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first electronic programmable computer built in the US. Although the ENIAC was similar to the Colossus it was much faster and more flexible. It was unambiguously a Turing-complete device and could compute any problem that would fit into its memory. Like the Colossus, a \"program\" on the ENIAC was defined by the states of its patch cables and switches, a far cry from the stored program electronic machines that came later. Once a program was written, it had to be mechanically set into the machine with manual resetting of plugs and switches."}], ["Menjelang 1938, Tentera Laut Amerika Syarikat telah membangunkan komputer analog elektromekanikal yang cukup kecil untuk menggunakan kapal selam. Ini adalah Komputer Data Torpedo, yang menggunakan trigonometri untuk menyelesaikan masalah menembak sebuah torpedo pada sasaran yang bergerak. Semasa Perang Dunia II peranti serupa juga dibangunkan di negara lain juga. <> Apa bahagian tentera AS membangunkan komputer analog elektromekanikal untuk digunakan pada kapal selam? || Tentera Laut Amerika Syarikat <> Bilakah Tentera Laut AS mencipta komputer elektromekanik untuk digunakan pada kapal selam? || 1938 <> Jenis matematik apa yang digunakan komputer Torpedo Data untuk membakar torpedo pada sasaran yang bergerak? || trigonometri", {"qas": [{"question": "What part of the US military developed an electromechanical analog computer to use on a submarine?", "id": "56fddf75761e401900d28c17", "answers": [{"text": "the United States Navy", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the US Navy invent an electromechanical computer to use on a submarine?", "id": "56fddf75761e401900d28c18", "answers": [{"text": "1938", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of math did the Torpedo Data computer use to fire a torpedo at a moving target?", "id": "56fddf75761e401900d28c19", "answers": [{"text": "trigonometry", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By 1938 the United States Navy had developed an electromechanical analog computer small enough to use aboard a submarine. This was the Torpedo Data Computer, which used trigonometry to solve the problem of firing a torpedo at a moving target. During World War II similar devices were developed in other countries as well."}], ["Ia menggabungkan kelajuan tinggi elektronik dengan keupayaan untuk diprogramkan untuk banyak masalah yang rumit. Ia boleh menambah atau menolak 5000 kali sesaat, seribu kali lebih cepat daripada mana-mana mesin lain. Ia juga mempunyai modul untuk membiak, membahagikan, dan kuasa dua. Memori kelajuan tinggi adalah terhad kepada 20 perkataan (kira-kira 80 bait). Dibina di bawah arahan John Mauchly dan J. Presper Eckert di University of Pennsylvania, pembangunan dan pembinaan ENIAC berlangsung dari tahun 1943 hingga operasi penuh pada akhir tahun 1945. Mesin itu besar, dengan berat 30 ton, menggunakan 200 kilowatt kuasa elektrik dan mengandungi lebih daripada 18,000 tiub vakum, 1,500 geganti, dan ratusan ribu perintang, kapasitor, dan induktor. <> Berapa kali ia boleh menambah atau tolak yang kedua? || 5000 <> Apakah had memori kelajuan tingginya? || ENIAC <> ENIAC telah dibina oleh siapa? || John Mauchly dan J. Presper Eckert <> Di manakah John Mauchly dan J. Presper Eckert membina ENIAC? || University of Pennsylvania <> Bilakah ENIAC beroperasi sepenuhnya? || 1945", {"qas": [{"question": "How many times could it add or subtract a second?", "id": "56fde79819033b140034cd9b", "answers": [{"text": "5000", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the limit of its high speed memory?", "id": "56fde79819033b140034cd9c", "answers": [{"text": "ENIAC", "answer_start": 414}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "ENIAC was constructed by whom?", "id": "56fde79819033b140034cd9d", "answers": [{"text": "John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert build the ENIAC?", "id": "56fde79819033b140034cd9e", "answers": [{"text": "University of Pennsylvania", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was ENIAC fully operational?", "id": "56fde79819033b140034cd9f", "answers": [{"text": "1945", "answer_start": 500}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It combined the high speed of electronics with the ability to be programmed for many complex problems. It could add or subtract 5000 times a second, a thousand times faster than any other machine. It also had modules to multiply, divide, and square root. High speed memory was limited to 20 words (about 80 bytes). Built under the direction of John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania, ENIAC's development and construction lasted from 1943 to full operation at the end of 1945. The machine was huge, weighing 30 tons, using 200 kilowatts of electric power and contained over 18,000 vacuum tubes, 1,500 relays, and hundreds of thousands of resistors, capacitors, and inductors."}], ["Semasa Perang Dunia II, British di Bletchley Park mencapai beberapa kejayaan dalam memecahkan komunikasi ketenteraan Jerman yang disulitkan. Mesin enkripsi Jerman, Enigma, mula-mula diserang dengan bantuan bom elektro-mekanikal. Untuk memecahkan mesin Lorenz SZ 40/42 yang lebih canggih, digunakan untuk komunikasi tentera peringkat tinggi, Max Newman dan rakannya menugaskan Bunga untuk membina Colossus. Dia menghabiskan sebelas bulan dari awal bulan Februari 1943 yang merancang dan membina Colossus pertama. Selepas ujian fungsional pada Disember 1943, Colossus dihantar ke Bletchley Park, di mana ia dihantar pada 18 Januari 1944 dan menyerang mesej pertama pada 5 Februari. <> Siapa yang membina Colossus pertama pada tahun 1943? || Bunga <> Bilakah Colossus dihantar ke Bletchley Park? || 18 Januari 1944 <> Siapa yang mencapai kejayaan dalam meretas komunikasi militer Jerman rahsia semasa Perang Dunia II? || , British <> Di mana British mencetuskan rahsia komunikasi ketenteraan Jerman semasa Perang Dunia II? || Bletchley Park", {"qas": [{"question": "Who built the first Colossus in 1943?", "id": "56fde387761e401900d28c39", "answers": [{"text": "Flowers", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Colossus sent to Bletchley Park?", "id": "56fde387761e401900d28c3a", "answers": [{"text": "18 January 1944", "answer_start": 620}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who achieved success at cracking secret German military communications during World War II?", "id": "56fde387761e401900d28c3b", "answers": [{"text": ", the British", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the British crack secret German military communications during World War II?", "id": "56fde387761e401900d28c3c", "answers": [{"text": "Bletchley Park", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During World War II, the British at Bletchley Park achieved a number of successes at breaking encrypted German military communications. The German encryption machine, Enigma, was first attacked with the help of the electro-mechanical bombes. To crack the more sophisticated German Lorenz SZ 40/42 machine, used for high-level Army communications, Max Newman and his colleagues commissioned Flowers to build the Colossus. He spent eleven months from early February 1943 designing and building the first Colossus. After a functional test in December 1943, Colossus was shipped to Bletchley Park, where it was delivered on 18 January 1944 and attacked its first message on 5 February."}], ["Mesin Percubaan Kecil Manchester, dijuluki Bayi, adalah komputer yang pertama disimpan di dunia program. Ia dibina di Victoria University of Manchester oleh Frederic C. Williams, Tom Kilburn dan Geoff Tootill, dan menjalankan programnya yang pertama pada 21 Jun 1948. Ia direka sebagai ujian untuk tiub Williams peranti simpanan digital pertama yang rawak. Walaupun komputer dianggap \"kecil dan primitif\" oleh piawai masa, ia adalah mesin kerja pertama yang mengandungi semua elemen penting untuk komputer elektronik moden. Sebaik sahaja SSEM telah membuktikan kemungkinan reka bentuknya, satu projek telah dimulakan di universiti untuk membangunkannya menjadi komputer yang lebih berguna, iaitu Mark 1 Manchester. <> Apakah nama samaran Mesin Percubaan Kecil Manchester? || Bayi <> Apa yang pertama disimpan komputer program di dunia? || Mesin Eksperimental Skala Kecil Manchester <> Di manakah Mesin Eksperimental Skala Kecil Manchester dibina? || Victoria University of Manchester <> Siapa yang membina Mesin Eksperimental Skala Kecil Manchester? || Frederic C. Williams, Tom Kilburn dan Geoff Tootill <> Bilakah Mesin Percubaan Kecil Manchester menjalankan program pertama? || 21 Jun 1948", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the nickname of the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine?", "id": "56fde89119033b140034cdaf", "answers": [{"text": "Baby", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first stored-program computer in the world?", "id": "56fde89119033b140034cdb0", "answers": [{"text": "The Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine built?", "id": "56fde89119033b140034cdb1", "answers": [{"text": "Victoria University of Manchester", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who built the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine?", "id": "56fde89119033b140034cdb2", "answers": [{"text": "Frederic C. Williams, Tom Kilburn and Geoff Tootill", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine run its first program?", "id": "56fde89119033b140034cdb3", "answers": [{"text": "21 June 1948", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine, nicknamed Baby, was the world's first stored-program computer. It was built at the Victoria University of Manchester by Frederic C. Williams, Tom Kilburn and Geoff Tootill, and ran its first program on 21 June 1948. It was designed as a testbed for the Williams tube the first random-access digital storage device. Although the computer was considered \"small and primitive\" by the standards of its time, it was the first working machine to contain all of the elements essential to a modern electronic computer. As soon as the SSEM had demonstrated the feasibility of its design, a project was initiated at the university to develop it into a more usable computer, the Manchester Mark 1."}], ["Pada tahun 1941, Zuse mengikuti mesinnya yang awal dengan Z3, komputer digital yang sepenuhnya boleh diprogramkan secara elektromekanik yang pertama di dunia. Z3 dibina dengan relay 2000, melaksanakan panjang perkataan 22 bit yang dikendalikan pada kekerapan jam kira-kira 5-10 Hz. Kod program dibekalkan pada filem ditetak sementara data boleh disimpan dalam 64 kata ingatan atau dibekalkan dari papan kekunci. Ia agak serupa dengan mesin moden dalam beberapa aspek, merintis banyak kemajuan seperti nombor terapung. Penggantian sistem perpuluhan yang sukar dilaksanakan (yang digunakan dalam reka bentuk Charles Babbage sebelum ini) dengan sistem binari yang lebih mudah bermakna mesin Zuse lebih mudah dibina dan berpotensi lebih dipercayai, memandangkan teknologi yang ada pada masa itu. Z3 adalah Turing lengkap. <> Bilakah Konrad Zuse mencipta komputer Z3? || 1941 <> Apa yang pertama, digital, komputer yang boleh diprogramkan yang dibuat oleh Konrad Zuse? || Z3 <> Berapa banyak pemancar yang mengandungi Z3? || 2000 <> Apa yang Z3 beroperasi untuk kekerapan jam? || kira-kira 5-10 Hz <> Berapa banyak kata ingatan boleh disimpan dengan Z3? || 64", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Konrad Zuse create the Z3 computer?", "id": "56fde15e761e401900d28c25", "answers": [{"text": "1941", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first automatic, digital, programmable computer created by Konrad Zuse?", "id": "56fde15e761e401900d28c26", "answers": [{"text": "the Z3", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many relays did the Z3 contain?", "id": "56fde15e761e401900d28c27", "answers": [{"text": "2000", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Z3 operate for a clock frequency?", "id": "56fde15e761e401900d28c28", "answers": [{"text": "about 5\u201310 Hz", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many words of memory could be stored with the Z3?", "id": "56fde15e761e401900d28c29", "answers": [{"text": "64", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1941, Zuse followed his earlier machine up with the Z3, the world's first working electromechanical programmable, fully automatic digital computer. The Z3 was built with 2000 relays, implementing a 22 bit word length that operated at a clock frequency of about 5\u201310 Hz. Program code was supplied on punched film while data could be stored in 64 words of memory or supplied from the keyboard. It was quite similar to modern machines in some respects, pioneering numerous advances such as floating point numbers. Replacement of the hard-to-implement decimal system (used in Charles Babbage's earlier design) by the simpler binary system meant that Zuse's machines were easier to build and potentially more reliable, given the technologies available at that time. The Z3 was Turing complete."}], ["Mesin pengkomputeran awal mempunyai program tetap. Mengubah fungsinya memerlukan pemasangan semula dan penyusunan semula mesin. Dengan cadangan komputer yang disimpan-program ini berubah. Komputer disimpan-program termasuk dengan reka bentuk set arahan dan boleh menyimpan dalam memori satu set arahan (program) yang memperincikan pengiraan. Dasar teoretis untuk komputer yang disimpan-program telah diletakkan oleh Alan Turing dalam karyanya 1936. Pada tahun 1945, Turing menyertai Makmal Fizikal Kebangsaan dan mula bekerja untuk membangunkan komputer digital yang disimpan elektronik program. Laporannya pada tahun 1945 'Kalkulator Elektronik yang Dicadangkan' adalah spesifikasi pertama bagi peranti sedemikian. John von Neumann di University of Pennsylvania, juga menyebarkan Draf Pertama Laporannya mengenai EDVAC pada 1945. <> Dasar untuk komputer yang disimpan-program itu ditulis oleh siapa? || Alan Turing <> Ketika Alan Turing menulis kertasnya tentang dasar untuk komputer yang disimpan-program itu? || 1936 <> Bilakah Alan Turing menyertai Makmal Fizikal Kebangsaan? || 1945 <> Garis besar pertama untuk laporan mengenai EDVAC dikeluarkan oleh John von Neumann ketika? || 1945. <> Di mana John von Neumann mengedarkan draf pertama laporan mengenai EDVAC? || Universiti Pennsylvania", {"qas": [{"question": "The basis for the stored-program computer was written by whom?", "id": "56fde82419033b140034cda5", "answers": [{"text": "Alan Turing", "answer_start": 406}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Alan Turing write his paper about the basis for the stored-program computer?", "id": "56fde82419033b140034cda6", "answers": [{"text": "1936", "answer_start": 425}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Alan Turing join the National Physical Laboratory?", "id": "56fde82419033b140034cda7", "answers": [{"text": "1945", "answer_start": 440}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first outline for the report on the EDVAC was released by John von Neumann when?", "id": "56fde82419033b140034cda8", "answers": [{"text": "1945.", "answer_start": 776}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did John von Neumann circulate the first draft of a report on the EDVAC?", "id": "56fde82419033b140034cda9", "answers": [{"text": "University of Pennsylvania", "answer_start": 688}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Early computing machines had fixed programs. Changing its function required the re-wiring and re-structuring of the machine. With the proposal of the stored-program computer this changed. A stored-program computer includes by design an instruction set and can store in memory a set of instructions (a program) that details the computation. The theoretical basis for the stored-program computer was laid by Alan Turing in his 1936 paper. In 1945 Turing joined the National Physical Laboratory and began work on developing an electronic stored-program digital computer. His 1945 report \u2018Proposed Electronic Calculator\u2019 was the first specification for such a device. John von Neumann at the University of Pennsylvania, also circulated his First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC in 1945."}], ["Unsur-unsur litar murni elektronik tidak lama lagi menggantikan persamaan mekanikal dan elektromekanik mereka, pada masa yang sama pengiraan digital menggantikan analog. Jurutera Tommy Flowers, yang bekerja di Stesen Penyelidikan Pejabat Pos di London pada tahun 1930-an, mula meneroka kemungkinan penggunaan elektronik untuk pertukaran telefon. Peralatan eksperimen yang dibina pada tahun 1934 telah beroperasi 5 tahun kemudian, menukar sebahagian dari rangkaian pertukaran telefon ke dalam sistem pemprosesan data elektronik, menggunakan beribu-ribu tiub vakum. Di Amerika Syarikat, John Vincent Atanasoff dan Clifford E. Berry dari Iowa State University mengembangkan dan menguji Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) pada tahun 1942, \"komputer digital elektronik automatik\" pertama. Reka bentuk ini juga semua elektronik dan digunakan kira-kira 300 tiub vakum, dengan kapasitor tetap pada drum yang berputar secara mekanikal untuk ingatan. <> Dimana jurutera Tommy Flowers bekerja pada tahun 1930-an? || Stesen Penyelidikan Pejabat Pos <> Di bandar apakah yang dilakukan Tommy Flowers pada tahun 1930-an? || London <> Komputer Atanasoff-Berry dicipta pada tahun berapa? || 1942 <> Berapa banyak tiub vakum yang digunakan oleh komputer Atanasoff-Berry? || kira-kira 300 <> Pada sekolah apakah John Vincent Atansoff dan Clifford E. Berry bekerja? || Iowa State University", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did the engineer Tommy Flowers work at during the 1930s?", "id": "56fde2cb761e401900d28c2f", "answers": [{"text": "Post Office Research Station", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what city did Tommy Flowers work in the 1930s?", "id": "56fde2cb761e401900d28c30", "answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Atanasoff-Berry computer was invented in what year?", "id": "56fde2cb761e401900d28c31", "answers": [{"text": "1942", "answer_start": 684}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many vacuum tubes did the Atanasoff-Berry computer use?", "id": "56fde2cb761e401900d28c32", "answers": [{"text": "about 300", "answer_start": 786}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At what school did John Vincent Atansoff and Clifford E. Berry work?", "id": "56fde2cb761e401900d28c33", "answers": [{"text": "Iowa State University", "answer_start": 603}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Purely electronic circuit elements soon replaced their mechanical and electromechanical equivalents, at the same time that digital calculation replaced analog. The engineer Tommy Flowers, working at the Post Office Research Station in London in the 1930s, began to explore the possible use of electronics for the telephone exchange. Experimental equipment that he built in 1934 went into operation 5 years later, converting a portion of the telephone exchange network into an electronic data processing system, using thousands of vacuum tubes. In the US, John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford E. Berry of Iowa State University developed and tested the Atanasoff\u2013Berry Computer (ABC) in 1942, the first \"automatic electronic digital computer\". This design was also all-electronic and used about 300 vacuum tubes, with capacitors fixed in a mechanically rotating drum for memory."}], ["Secara praktikal, program komputer mungkin hanya beberapa arahan atau diperluas kepada banyak jutaan arahan, seperti juga program untuk pemproses perkataan dan pelayar web. Komputer moden yang biasa boleh melaksanakan berbilion arahan sesaat (gigaflops) dan jarang membuat kesilapan selama bertahun-tahun beroperasi. Program komputer yang besar yang terdiri daripada beberapa juta arahan mungkin mengambil tim pengatur waktu bertahun-tahun untuk menulis, dan kerana kerumitan tugas hampir pasti mengandungi kesalahan. <> Miliaran arahan sesaat dipanggil dalam istilah komputer? || (gigaflops)", {"qas": [{"question": "Billions of instructions per second are called what in computer terms?", "id": "56fdec0119033b140034cddd", "answers": [{"text": "(gigaflops)", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In practical terms, a computer program may be just a few instructions or extend to many millions of instructions, as do the programs for word processors and web browsers for example. A typical modern computer can execute billions of instructions per second (gigaflops) and rarely makes a mistake over many years of operation. Large computer programs consisting of several million instructions may take teams of programmers years to write, and due to the complexity of the task almost certainly contain errors."}], ["Transistor bipolar dicipta pada tahun 1947. Dari 1955 dan seterusnya transistor menggantikan tiub vakum dalam reka bentuk komputer, menimbulkan \"generasi kedua\" komputer. Berbanding dengan tiub vakum, transistor mempunyai banyak kelebihan: mereka lebih kecil, dan memerlukan kuasa kurang daripada tiub vakum, jadi kurang haba. Transistor persimpangan silikon jauh lebih dipercayai daripada tiub vakum dan mempunyai jangka hayat yang lebih panjang, tidak terbatas. Komputer transistor boleh mengandungi puluhan ribu litar logik binari dalam ruang yang agak padat. <> Bilakah transistor bipolar dibuat? || 1947. <> Bilakah transistor mula menggantikan tiub vakum di komputer? || 1955", {"qas": [{"question": "When was the bipolar transistor created?", "id": "56fde92d761e401900d28c47", "answers": [{"text": "1947.", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did transistors start replacing vacuum tubes in computers?", "id": "56fde92d761e401900d28c48", "answers": [{"text": "1955", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The bipolar transistor was invented in 1947. From 1955 onwards transistors replaced vacuum tubes in computer designs, giving rise to the \"second generation\" of computers. Compared to vacuum tubes, transistors have many advantages: they are smaller, and require less power than vacuum tubes, so give off less heat. Silicon junction transistors were much more reliable than vacuum tubes and had longer, indefinite, service life. Transistorized computers could contain tens of thousands of binary logic circuits in a relatively compact space."}], ["Kemajuan besar seterusnya dalam kuasa pengkomputeran datang dengan kemunculan litar bersepadu. Idea litar bersepadu pertama kali disusun oleh seorang saintis radar yang bekerja untuk Penubuhan Radar Diraja Kementerian Pertahanan, Geoffrey W.A. Dummer. Dummer membentangkan penerangan umum pertama litar bersepadu di Simposium dalam Kemajuan dalam Komponen Elektronik Berkualiti di Washington, D.C. pada 7 Mei 1952. <> Litar bersepadu komputer adalah idea siapa? || Geoffrey W.A. Dummer <> Dimana Geoffrey W.A. Dummer bekerja di? || Penjanaan Radar Diraja Kementerian Pertahanan", {"qas": [{"question": "The integrated circuit of a computer was the idea of whom?", "id": "56fdea41761e401900d28c4b", "answers": [{"text": "Geoffrey W.A. Dummer", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Geoffrey W.A. Dummer work at?", "id": "56fdea41761e401900d28c4c", "answers": [{"text": "Royal Radar Establishment of the Ministry of Defence", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The next great advance in computing power came with the advent of the integrated circuit. The idea of the integrated circuit was first conceived by a radar scientist working for the Royal Radar Establishment of the Ministry of Defence, Geoffrey W.A. Dummer. Dummer presented the first public description of an integrated circuit at the Symposium on Progress in Quality Electronic Components in Washington, D.C. on 7 May 1952."}], ["Perkembangan baru ini menggambarkan letupan dalam penggunaan komersial dan peribadi komputer dan membawa kepada penciptaan mikropemproses. Walaupun subjek peranti mana yang sebenarnya adalah mikropemproses yang pertama adalah perbalahan, sebahagiannya disebabkan oleh kekurangan persetujuan mengenai definisi yang tepat mengenai istilah \"mikropemproses\", ia tidak dapat dipertikaikan bahawa mikropemproses cip tunggal pertama ialah Intel 4004, direka dan diwujudkan oleh Ted Hoff, Federico Faggin, dan Stanley Mazor di Intel. <> Apakah nama mikropemproses cip tunggal pertama? || Intel 4004 <> Siapa yang membuat mikropemproses Intel 4004? || Ted Hoff, Federico Faggin, dan Stanley Mazor <> Di mana Ted Hoff, Federico Faggin, dan Stanley Mazor bekerja? || Intel.", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the first single-chip microprocessor?", "id": "56fdeb6419033b140034cdd7", "answers": [{"text": "Intel 4004", "answer_start": 387}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who created the Intel 4004 microprocessor?", "id": "56fdeb6419033b140034cdd8", "answers": [{"text": "Ted Hoff, Federico Faggin, and Stanley Mazor", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Ted Hoff, Federico Faggin, and Stanley Mazor work at?", "id": "56fdeb6419033b140034cdd9", "answers": [{"text": "Intel.", "answer_start": 472}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "This new development heralded an explosion in the commercial and personal use of computers and led to the invention of the microprocessor. While the subject of exactly which device was the first microprocessor is contentious, partly due to lack of agreement on the exact definition of the term \"microprocessor\", it is largely undisputed that the first single-chip microprocessor was the Intel 4004, designed and realized by Ted Hoff, Federico Faggin, and Stanley Mazor at Intel."}], ["Pelaksanaan program mungkin disamakan dengan membaca buku. Walaupun seseorang biasanya akan membaca setiap perkataan dan baris mengikut urutan, mereka kadang-kadang boleh kembali ke tempat yang lebih awal dalam teks atau melangkau bahagian yang tidak menarik. Begitu juga, komputer kadang-kadang boleh kembali dan ulangi arahan dalam beberapa bahagian program berulang kali sehingga beberapa keadaan dalaman dipenuhi. Ini dipanggil aliran kawalan dalam program dan ini adalah apa yang membolehkan komputer melakukan tugas berulang kali tanpa intervensi manusia. <> Apabila komputer kembali dan mengulangi arahan dari program sehingga keadaan dalaman dipenuhi dipanggil apa? || aliran kawalan <> Apa yang membolehkan komputer melakukan tugas berulang tanpa campur tangan manusia? || aliran kawalan", {"qas": [{"question": "When a computer goes back and repeats instructions of a program over until an internal condition is met is called what?", "id": "56fdecd819033b140034cddf", "answers": [{"text": "the flow of control", "answer_start": 399}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What allows a computer to perform repetitive tasks without human intervening?", "id": "56fdecd819033b140034cde0", "answers": [{"text": "the flow of control", "answer_start": 399}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Program execution might be likened to reading a book. While a person will normally read each word and line in sequence, they may at times jump back to an earlier place in the text or skip sections that are not of interest. Similarly, a computer may sometimes go back and repeat the instructions in some section of the program over and over again until some internal condition is met. This is called the flow of control within the program and it is what allows the computer to perform tasks repeatedly without human intervention."}], ["Dengan pengecilan kecil sumber pengkomputeran, dan kemajuan dalam hayat bateri mudah alih, komputer mudah alih berkembang dalam populariti pada tahun 2000-an. Perkembangan yang sama yang mendorong pertumbuhan komputer riba dan komputer mudah alih yang lain membolehkan pembuat mengintegrasikan sumber pengkomputeran ke dalam telefon bimbit. Ini telefon pintar dan tablet yang dipanggil berjalan pada pelbagai sistem pengendalian dan telah menjadi peranti pengkomputeran dominan di pasaran, dengan pengeluar yang melaporkan telah menghantar anggaran 237 juta peranti pada S2 2013. <> Pengkomputeran sumber yang dibuat dalam telefon bimbit adalah apa yang dipanggil? || telefon pintar <> Berapa banyak tablet yang dijual pada S2 2013? || 237 juta peranti", {"qas": [{"question": "Computing resources that are created in cell phones are called what?", "id": "56fdebbf761e401900d28c4f", "answers": [{"text": "smartphones", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many tablets were sold in 2Q 2013?", "id": "56fdebbf761e401900d28c50", "answers": [{"text": "237 million devices", "answer_start": 522}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "With the continued miniaturization of computing resources, and advancements in portable battery life, portable computers grew in popularity in the 2000s. The same developments that spurred the growth of laptop computers and other portable computers allowed manufacturers to integrate computing resources into cellular phones. These so-called smartphones and tablets run on a variety of operating systems and have become the dominant computing device on the market, with manufacturers reporting having shipped an estimated 237 million devices in 2Q 2013."}], ["IC praktikal pertama dicipta oleh Jack Kilby di Texas Instruments dan Robert Noyce di Fairchild Semiconductor. Kilby mencatatkan idea awalnya mengenai litar bersepadu pada bulan Julai 1958, berjaya menunjukkan contoh bersepadu pertama pada 12 September 1958. Dalam permohonan patennya pada 6 Februari 1959, Kilby menggambarkan peranti barunya sebagai \"badan bahan semikonduktor ... di mana semua komponen litar elektronik sepenuhnya bersepadu \". Noyce juga membuat idea sendiri tentang litar bersepadu setengah tahun kemudian daripada Kilby. Cipnya menyelesaikan banyak masalah praktikal yang tidak dilakukan oleh Kilby. Dihasilkan di Fairchild Semiconductor, ia diperbuat daripada silikon, manakala cip Kilby diperbuat daripada germanium. <> Di mana mencipta litar bersepadu praktikal pertama? || Jack Kilby di Texas Instruments dan Robert Noyce di Fairchild Semiconductor. <> Di mana Jack Kilby bekerja ketika dia membuat IC pertama? || Instrumen Texas <> Bilakah IC berfungsi pertama ditunjukkan? || 12 September 1958. <> Apakah IC Kilby dibuat? || germanium <> IC Noyce terdiri daripada bahan apa? || silikon", {"qas": [{"question": "Where created the first practical integrated circuits?", "id": "56fdeafd19033b140034cdcd", "answers": [{"text": "Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor.", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Jack Kilby work at when he created the first IC?", "id": "56fdeafd19033b140034cdce", "answers": [{"text": "Texas Instruments", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the first functional IC demonstrated?", "id": "56fdeafd19033b140034cdcf", "answers": [{"text": "12 September 1958.", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Kilby's IC made of?", "id": "56fdeafd19033b140034cdd0", "answers": [{"text": "germanium", "answer_start": 732}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Noyce's IC was made up of what material?", "id": "56fdeafd19033b140034cdd1", "answers": [{"text": "silicon", "answer_start": 690}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first practical ICs were invented by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor. Kilby recorded his initial ideas concerning the integrated circuit in July 1958, successfully demonstrating the first working integrated example on 12 September 1958. In his patent application of 6 February 1959, Kilby described his new device as \"a body of semiconductor material ... wherein all the components of the electronic circuit are completely integrated\". Noyce also came up with his own idea of an integrated circuit half a year later than Kilby. His chip solved many practical problems that Kilby's had not. Produced at Fairchild Semiconductor, it was made of silicon, whereas Kilby's chip was made of germanium."}], ["The Mark 1 pada gilirannya dengan cepat menjadi prototaip untuk Ferranti Mark 1, komputer komersial umum yang pertama tersedia secara komersial di dunia. Dibina oleh Ferranti, ia dihantar ke Universiti Manchester pada bulan Februari 1951. Sekurang-kurangnya tujuh mesin kemudian ini dihantar antara tahun 1953 dan 1957, salah satunya ke makmal Shell di Amsterdam. Pada bulan Oktober 1947, pengarah syarikat katering British J. Lyons & Company memutuskan untuk mengambil peranan aktif dalam mempromosikan pembangunan komersil komputer. Komputer LEO saya beroperasi pada bulan April 1951 dan menjalankan kerja komputer pejabat rutin tetap pertama di dunia. <> Apakah prototaip untuk Ferranti Mark 1? || The Mark 1 <> Apakah komputer pertama yang tersedia untuk umum? || Ferranti Mark 1 <> Bilakah Ferranti Mark 1 dibina? || 1951 <> Di manakah Ferranti Mark 1 dihantar selepas ia dibangunkan? || University of Manchester <> Bilakah komputer pertama LEO 1 beroperasi? || April 1951", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the prototype for the Ferranti Mark 1?", "id": "56fde8fe19033b140034cdb9", "answers": [{"text": "The Mark 1", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the first available computer for the public?", "id": "56fde8fe19033b140034cdba", "answers": [{"text": "Ferranti Mark 1", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the Ferranti Mark 1 built?", "id": "56fde8fe19033b140034cdbb", "answers": [{"text": "1951", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the Ferranti Mark 1 sent to after it was developed?", "id": "56fde8fe19033b140034cdbc", "answers": [{"text": "University of Manchester", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the LEO 1 computer first operational?", "id": "56fde8fe19033b140034cdbd", "answers": [{"text": "April 1951", "answer_start": 547}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Mark 1 in turn quickly became the prototype for the Ferranti Mark 1, the world's first commercially available general-purpose computer. Built by Ferranti, it was delivered to the University of Manchester in February 1951. At least seven of these later machines were delivered between 1953 and 1957, one of them to Shell labs in Amsterdam. In October 1947, the directors of British catering company J. Lyons & Company decided to take an active role in promoting the commercial development of computers. The LEO I computer became operational in April 1951  and ran the world's first regular routine office computer job."}], ["Di University of Manchester, sebuah pasukan di bawah kepimpinan Tom Kilburn direka dan membina sebuah mesin menggunakan transistor yang baru dibangunkan daripada injap. Komputer transistor yang pertama mereka dan yang pertama di dunia, telah beroperasi pada tahun 1953, dan versi kedua diselesaikan di sana pada bulan April 1955. Walau bagaimanapun, mesin itu menggunakan injap untuk menghasilkan bentuk jam jam 125 kHz dan dalam litar untuk membaca dan tulis pada memori gendang magnetnya, jadi ia bukan komputer transistor sepenuhnya yang pertama. Perbezaan itu pergi ke CADET Harwell tahun 1955, dibina oleh bahagian elektronik Penubuhan Penyelidikan Tenaga Atom di Harwell. <> Di University of Manchester, yang menyelia bangunan komputer menggunakan transistor dan bukannya katup? || Tom Kilburn <> Komputer transistor yang pertama beroperasi dalam tahun berapa? || 1953 <> Apa yang digunakan oleh mesin untuk menghasilkan bentuk gelombang jam? || injap <> Siapa yang membina CADET Harwell? || Bahagian Elektronik Penubuhan Penyelidikan Tenaga Atom di Harwell <> Pada tahun apakah Harwell CADET dibina? || 1955", {"qas": [{"question": "At the University of Manchester, who oversaw the building of a computer using transistors instead of valves?", "id": "56fdea0919033b140034cdc3", "answers": [{"text": "Tom Kilburn", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first transistorised computer was operational in what year?", "id": "56fdea0919033b140034cdc4", "answers": [{"text": "1953", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the machine use to generate its clock waveforms?", "id": "56fdea0919033b140034cdc5", "answers": [{"text": "valves", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who built the Harwell CADET?", "id": "56fdea0919033b140034cdc6", "answers": [{"text": "electronics division of the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell", "answer_start": 584}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the Harwell CADET built?", "id": "56fdea0919033b140034cdc7", "answers": [{"text": "1955", "answer_start": 565}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At the University of Manchester, a team under the leadership of Tom Kilburn designed and built a machine using the newly developed transistors instead of valves. Their first transistorised computer and the first in the world, was operational by 1953, and a second version was completed there in April 1955. However, the machine did make use of valves to generate its 125 kHz clock waveforms and in the circuitry to read and write on its magnetic drum memory, so it was not the first completely transistorized computer. That distinction goes to the Harwell CADET of 1955, built by the electronics division of the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell."}], ["Dalam kebanyakan komputer, arahan individu disimpan sebagai kod mesin dengan setiap arahan diberikan nombor unik (kod operasi atau opcode untuk pendek). Perintah untuk menambah dua nombor bersama-sama akan mempunyai satu opcode; arahan untuk membiak mereka akan mempunyai opcode yang berbeza, dan sebagainya. Komputer yang paling mudah dapat melaksanakan beberapa arahan yang berbeza; komputer yang lebih kompleks mempunyai beberapa ratus untuk dipilih, masing-masing mempunyai kod berangka unik. Memandangkan memori komputer dapat menyimpan nombor, ia juga boleh menyimpan kod arahan. Ini membawa kepada fakta penting bahawa keseluruhan program (yang hanya senarai arahan ini) boleh diwakili sebagai senarai nombor dan boleh dimanipulasi di dalam komputer dengan cara yang sama seperti data berangka. Konsep asas untuk menyimpan program-program di dalam memori komputer bersama data yang mereka jalankan adalah inti von von Neumann, atau program yang disimpan [rujukan?], Seni bina. Dalam sesetengah kes, komputer mungkin menyimpan sebahagian atau semua programnya dalam memori yang disimpan berasingan daripada data yang dikendalikannya. Ini dipanggil seni bina Harvard selepas komputer Harvard Mark I. Komputer von von Neumann moden memaparkan beberapa ciri seni bina Harvard dalam reka bentuk mereka, seperti dalam cache CPU. <> Komputer mana yang menjadi seni bina Harvard selepas itu? || Harvard Mark I computer <> Komputer yang menyimpan programnya dalam ingatan dan disimpan berasingan dari data dipanggil apa? || seni bina Harvard", {"qas": [{"question": "Which computer is the Harvard architecture modeled after?", "id": "56fdedfb761e401900d28c53", "answers": [{"text": "Harvard Mark I computer", "answer_start": 1165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A computer that stores its program in memory and kept separate from the data is called what?", "id": "56fdedfb761e401900d28c54", "answers": [{"text": "the Harvard architecture", "answer_start": 1130}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In most computers, individual instructions are stored as machine code with each instruction being given a unique number (its operation code or opcode for short). The command to add two numbers together would have one opcode; the command to multiply them would have a different opcode, and so on. The simplest computers are able to perform any of a handful of different instructions; the more complex computers have several hundred to choose from, each with a unique numerical code. Since the computer's memory is able to store numbers, it can also store the instruction codes. This leads to the important fact that entire programs (which are just lists of these instructions) can be represented as lists of numbers and can themselves be manipulated inside the computer in the same way as numeric data. The fundamental concept of storing programs in the computer's memory alongside the data they operate on is the crux of the von Neumann, or stored program[citation needed], architecture. In some cases, a computer might store some or all of its program in memory that is kept separate from the data it operates on. This is called the Harvard architecture after the Harvard Mark I computer. Modern von Neumann computers display some traits of the Harvard architecture in their designs, such as in CPU caches."}], ["Komputer tujuan umum mempunyai empat komponen utama: unit logik aritmetik (ALU), unit kawalan, memori, dan peranti input dan output (secara kolektif disebut I / O). Bahagian-bahagian ini saling terhubung dengan bas, sering dibuat daripada kumpulan wayar. <> ALU komputer bermaksud apa? || logik aritmetik <> Input dan output peranti dikenali sebagai istilah apa? || I / O <> Selain daripada ALU, peranti input dan output, apakah dua komponen utama komputer lain? || unit kawalan, ingatan", {"qas": [{"question": "The ALU of a computer stands for what?", "id": "56fdf3c119033b140034cdfd", "answers": [{"text": "arithmetic logic", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Input and output devices are known as what term?", "id": "56fdf3c119033b140034cdfe", "answers": [{"text": "I/O", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides the ALU, input and output devices, what are the other two main components of a computer?", "id": "56fdf3c119033b140034cdff", "answers": [{"text": "the control unit, the memory", "answer_start": 86}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A general purpose computer has four main components: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices (collectively termed I/O). These parts are interconnected by buses, often made of groups of wires."}], ["Unit kawalan (sering dipanggil sistem kawalan atau pengawal pusat) menguruskan pelbagai komponen komputer; ia membaca dan menafsirkan (menguraikan) arahan program, mengubahnya menjadi isyarat kawalan yang mengaktifkan bahagian lain komputer. Sistem kawalan di komputer canggih mungkin mengubah susunan pelaksanaan beberapa arahan untuk meningkatkan prestasi. <> Apakah nama lain untuk unit kawalan untuk komputer? || sistem kawalan atau pengawal pusat) <> Membaca dan menafsirkan dari unit kawalan dipanggil melakukan apa? || (decodes", {"qas": [{"question": "What are other names for a control unit for a computer?", "id": "56fdf50019033b140034ce03", "answers": [{"text": "a control system or central controller)", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Reading and interpreting from a control unit is called doing what?", "id": "56fdf50019033b140034ce04", "answers": [{"text": "(decodes", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The control unit (often called a control system or central controller) manages the computer's various components; it reads and interprets (decodes) the program instructions, transforming them into control signals that activate other parts of the computer. Control systems in advanced computers may change the order of execution of some instructions to improve performance."}], ["Bahasa mesin dan bahasa pemasangan yang mewakili mereka (secara kolektif disebut bahasa pengaturcaraan peringkat rendah) cenderung menjadi unik kepada jenis komputer tertentu. Contohnya, komputer arsitektur ARM (seperti yang terdapat dalam PDA atau permainan video tangan) tidak dapat memahami bahasa mesin Intel Pentium atau komputer AMD Athlon 64 yang mungkin berada dalam PC. <> Komputer seni bina ARM boleh didapati dalam apa? || PDA atau permainan video tangan", {"qas": [{"question": "An ARM architecture computer can be found in what?", "id": "56fdeee819033b140034cde7", "answers": [{"text": "a PDA or a hand-held videogame", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Machine languages and the assembly languages that represent them (collectively termed low-level programming languages) tend to be unique to a particular type of computer. For instance, an ARM architecture computer (such as may be found in a PDA or a hand-held videogame) cannot understand the machine language of an Intel Pentium or the AMD Athlon 64 computer that might be in a PC."}], ["Bahasa-bahasa 4G kurang daripada bahasa 3G. Keuntungan 4GL ialah ia menyediakan cara untuk mendapatkan maklumat tanpa memerlukan bantuan langsung dari seorang pengaturcara. Contoh 4GL ialah SQL. <> Contoh 4GL adalah apa? || SQL <> Apakah pro 4GL melalui bahasa 3G? || menyediakan cara untuk mendapatkan maklumat tanpa memerlukan bantuan langsung daripada pengaturcara", {"qas": [{"question": "An example of a 4GL is what?", "id": "56fdf01419033b140034cdeb", "answers": [{"text": "SQL", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the pro of 4GL over a 3G language?", "id": "56fdf01419033b140034cdec", "answers": [{"text": "provides ways to obtain information without requiring the direct help of a programmer", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "These 4G languages are less procedural than 3G languages. The benefit of 4GL is that it provides ways to obtain information without requiring the direct help of a programmer. Example of 4GL is SQL."}], ["Di dalam setiap bahagian ini beribu-ribu hingga triliunan litar elektrik kecil yang boleh dimatikan atau dihidupkan melalui suis elektronik. Setiap litar mewakili sedikit (binari digit) maklumat supaya apabila litar di atasnya mewakili \"1\", dan apabila ia melambangkan \"0\" (dalam perwakilan logik positif). Litar-litar disusun dalam pintu-pintu masuk logik supaya satu atau lebih litar dapat mengawal keadaan satu atau lebih litar lain. <> Satu litar di bahagian komputer mewakili apa? || sedikit (binari digit) maklumat <> Dalam perwakilan logik positif suatu \"1\" mewakili apabila suatu litar adalah apa? || pada <> Dalam perwakilan logik positif suatu \"0\" mewakili apabila litar adalah apa? || off", {"qas": [{"question": "A circuit in a computer part represents what?", "id": "56fdf4c6761e401900d28c5d", "answers": [{"text": "a bit (binary digit) of information", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In positive logic representation a \"1\" represents when a circuit is what?", "id": "56fdf4c6761e401900d28c5e", "answers": [{"text": "on", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In positive logic representation a \"0\" represents when a circuit is what?", "id": "56fdf4c6761e401900d28c5f", "answers": [{"text": "off", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Inside each of these parts are thousands to trillions of small electrical circuits which can be turned off or on by means of an electronic switch. Each circuit represents a bit (binary digit) of information so that when the circuit is on it represents a \"1\", and when off it represents a \"0\" (in positive logic representation). The circuits are arranged in logic gates so that one or more of the circuits may control the state of one or more of the other circuits."}], ["Laksamana Grace Hopper, seorang saintis komputer Amerika Syarikat dan pemaju pengkompil pertama, dikreditkan kerana menggunakan istilah \"bug\" dalam pengkomputeran selepas rama-rama mati ditemui menyendiri penyambungan di komputer Harvard Mark II pada September 1947. <> Siapa adalah pemaju pertandingan pertama? || Laksamana Grace Hopper <> Siapa yang pertama mencipta istilah \"pepijat\"? || Laksamana Grace Hopper <> Apakah jenis makhluk yang menyendiri komputer Relay Grace? || moth <> Apa jenis komputer Grace Hopper dipendekkan oleh rama-rama? || Harvard Mark II <> Bilakah Grace Hopper's Hardvard Mark II dipintas oleh rama-rama? || September 1947", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the developer of the first compier?", "id": "56fdf33b19033b140034cdf3", "answers": [{"text": "Admiral Grace Hopper", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who first coined the term \"bugs\"?", "id": "56fdf33b19033b140034cdf4", "answers": [{"text": "Admiral Grace Hopper", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of creature shorted a relay of Grace Hopper's computer?", "id": "56fdf33b19033b140034cdf5", "answers": [{"text": "moth", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of computer of Grace Hopper's was shorted by a moth?", "id": "56fdf33b19033b140034cdf6", "answers": [{"text": "Harvard Mark II", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Grace Hopper's Hardvard Mark II shorted by a moth?", "id": "56fdf33b19033b140034cdf7", "answers": [{"text": "September 1947", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Admiral Grace Hopper, an American computer scientist and developer of the first compiler, is credited for having first used the term \"bugs\" in computing after a dead moth was found shorting a relay in the Harvard Mark II computer in September 1947."}], ["Walaupun jauh lebih mudah daripada bahasa mesin, menulis program panjang dalam bahasa pemasangan sering sukar dan juga rawan ralat. Oleh itu, kebanyakan program praktikal ditulis dalam bahasa pengaturcaraan peringkat tinggi yang lebih tinggi yang mampu menyampaikan keperluan programmer dengan lebih mudah (dan dengan itu dapat membantu mengurangkan kesilapan pengaturcara). Bahasa tingkat tinggi biasanya \"disusun\" ke dalam bahasa mesin (atau kadangkala ke dalam bahasa perhimpunan dan kemudian ke dalam bahasa mesin) menggunakan program komputer lain yang disebut compiler. Bahasa tingkat tinggi kurang berkaitan dengan kerja-kerja komputer sasaran daripada bahasa pemasangan, dan lebih banyak berkaitan dengan bahasa dan struktur masalah yang akan diselesaikan oleh program akhir. Oleh itu, sering kali mungkin menggunakan pengkompil yang berbeza untuk menterjemahkan program bahasa tahap tinggi yang sama ke dalam bahasa mesin dari pelbagai jenis komputer. Ini adalah sebahagian daripada cara yang perisian seperti permainan video boleh disediakan untuk seni bina komputer yang berbeza seperti komputer peribadi dan pelbagai konsol permainan video. <> Perhimpunan bahasa yang diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa mesin dilakukan oleh jenis komputer apa? || pengkompil", {"qas": [{"question": "Assembly language that is translated into machine language is done by what type of computer?", "id": "56fdefbe19033b140034cde9", "answers": [{"text": "a compiler", "answer_start": 525}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Though considerably easier than in machine language, writing long programs in assembly language is often difficult and is also error prone. Therefore, most practical programs are written in more abstract high-level programming languages that are able to express the needs of the programmer more conveniently (and thereby help reduce programmer error). High level languages are usually \"compiled\" into machine language (or sometimes into assembly language and then into machine language) using another computer program called a compiler. High level languages are less related to the workings of the target computer than assembly language, and more related to the language and structure of the problem(s) to be solved by the final program. It is therefore often possible to use different compilers to translate the same high level language program into the machine language of many different types of computer. This is part of the means by which software like video games may be made available for different computer architectures such as personal computers and various video game consoles."}], ["Bahasa pengaturcaraan menyediakan pelbagai cara untuk menentukan program untuk komputer dijalankan. Tidak seperti bahasa semulajadi, bahasa pengaturcaraan direka untuk tidak membenarkan kekaburan dan ringkas. Mereka adalah bahasa yang semata-mata tertulis dan sering sukar dibaca dengan lantang. Mereka secara amnya sama ada diterjemahkan ke dalam kod mesin oleh pengkompil atau penghimpun sebelum dijalankan, atau diterjemahkan secara langsung pada masa yang berjalan oleh seorang jurubahasa. Kadang-kadang program dilaksanakan oleh kaedah hibrid kedua teknik. <> Bahasa pengaturcaraan diterjemahkan ke dalam kod mesin oleh apa? || pengkompil atau penghimpun <> Bahasa pengaturcaraan diterjemahkan pada masa berlalu dengan apa? || jurubahasa", {"qas": [{"question": "Programming languages are translated into machine code by what?", "id": "56fdeebd19033b140034cde3", "answers": [{"text": "a compiler or an assembler", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Programming languages are translated at run time by what?", "id": "56fdeebd19033b140034cde4", "answers": [{"text": "an interpreter", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Programming languages provide various ways of specifying programs for computers to run. Unlike natural languages, programming languages are designed to permit no ambiguity and to be concise. They are purely written languages and are often difficult to read aloud. They are generally either translated into machine code by a compiler or an assembler before being run, or translated directly at run time by an interpreter. Sometimes programs are executed by a hybrid method of the two techniques."}], ["Kesilapan dalam program komputer dipanggil \"pepijat\". Mereka mungkin jinak dan tidak menjejaskan kegunaan program, atau hanya mempunyai kesan halus. Tetapi dalam sesetengah kes, mereka boleh menyebabkan program atau seluruh sistem \"hang\", menjadi tidak bertindak balas terhadap input seperti klik tetikus atau ketukan kekunci, untuk benar-benar gagal, atau jatuh. Jika tidak, kadang-kadang pepijat yang tidak baik mungkin dimanfaatkan untuk niat jahat oleh pengguna yang tidak bertanggungjawab yang menulis eksploit, kod yang direka untuk mengambil kesempatan daripada pepijat dan mengganggu pelaksanaan komputer yang tepat. Bugs biasanya bukan kesalahan komputer. Oleh kerana komputer semata-mata melaksanakan arahan yang diberikan, pepijat hampir selalu merupakan hasil daripada ralat pengatur atau pengawasan yang dibuat dalam reka bentuk program. <> Nama lain untuk kesilapan dalam program dipanggil apa? || \"bug <> Bugs biasanya kesalahan siapa atau apa? || kesalahan programmer atau pengawasan yang dibuat dalam reka bentuk program", {"qas": [{"question": "Another name for errors in programs are called what?", "id": "56fdf2d419033b140034cdef", "answers": [{"text": "\"bugs", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Bugs are usually the fault of whom or what?", "id": "56fdf2d419033b140034cdf0", "answers": [{"text": "programmer error or an oversight made in the program's design", "answer_start": 666}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Errors in computer programs are called \"bugs\". They may be benign and not affect the usefulness of the program, or have only subtle effects. But in some cases, they may cause the program or the entire system to \"hang\", becoming unresponsive to input such as mouse clicks or keystrokes, to completely fail, or to crash. Otherwise benign bugs may sometimes be harnessed for malicious intent by an unscrupulous user writing an exploit, code designed to take advantage of a bug and disrupt a computer's proper execution. Bugs are usually not the fault of the computer. Since computers merely execute the instructions they are given, bugs are nearly always the result of programmer error or an oversight made in the program's design."}], ["Walaupun boleh menulis program komputer sebagai senarai panjang nombor (bahasa mesin) dan sementara teknik ini digunakan dengan banyak komputer awal, ia sangat membosankan dan berpotensi kesalahan untuk melakukannya dalam amalan, terutama untuk program rumit. Sebaliknya, setiap arahan asas dapat diberi nama pendek yang menunjukkan fungsinya dan mudah diingat - mnemonik seperti ADD, SUB, MULT atau JUMP. Mnemonik ini secara kolektif dikenali sebagai bahasa pemasangan komputer. Menukar program yang ditulis dalam bahasa perhimpunan menjadi sesuatu yang sebenarnya dapat difahami oleh komputer (bahasa mesin) biasanya dilakukan oleh program komputer yang disebut assembler. <> Bahasa perhimpunan komputer dikenali sebagai apa? || arahan asas boleh diberi nama pendek yang menunjukkan fungsinya <> Program yang mengubah bahasa perhimpunan menjadi bahasa mesin dipanggil apa? || sebuah assembler. <> Program komputer yang mempunyai senarai panjang nombor dipanggil apa? || bahasa mesin", {"qas": [{"question": "A computer's assembly language is known as what?", "id": "56fdee67761e401900d28c57", "answers": [{"text": "basic instruction can be given a short name that is indicative of its function", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Programs that convert assembly language into machine language are called what?", "id": "56fdee67761e401900d28c58", "answers": [{"text": "an assembler.", "answer_start": 662}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Computer programs that are long lists of numbers are called what?", "id": "56fdee67761e401900d28c59", "answers": [{"text": "machine language", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "While it is possible to write computer programs as long lists of numbers (machine language) and while this technique was used with many early computers, it is extremely tedious and potentially error-prone to do so in practice, especially for complicated programs. Instead, each basic instruction can be given a short name that is indicative of its function and easy to remember \u2013 a mnemonic such as ADD, SUB, MULT or JUMP. These mnemonics are collectively known as a computer's assembly language. Converting programs written in assembly language into something the computer can actually understand (machine language) is usually done by a computer program called an assembler."}], ["Operasi logik melibatkan logik Boolean: AND, OR, XOR, dan TIDAK. Ini berguna untuk membuat pernyataan bersyarat rumit dan memproses logik boolean. <> Logik Boolean terdiri daripada apa? || DAN, ATAU, XOR, dan TIDAK", {"qas": [{"question": "Boolean logic consists of what?", "id": "56fdf73719033b140034ce13", "answers": [{"text": "AND, OR, XOR, and NOT", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Logic operations involve Boolean logic: AND, OR, XOR, and NOT. These can be useful for creating complicated conditional statements and processing boolean logic."}], ["Komputer Superscalar mungkin mengandungi banyak ALU, yang membolehkan mereka memproses beberapa arahan secara serentak. Pemproses grafik dan komputer dengan ciri SIMD dan MIMD sering mengandungi ALU yang boleh melakukan aritmetik pada vektor dan matriks. <> Komputer yang mempunyai banyak ALU dipanggil apa? || Superscalar", {"qas": [{"question": "Computers that have multiple ALUs are called what?", "id": "56fdf762761e401900d28c73", "answers": [{"text": "Superscalar", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Superscalar computers may contain multiple ALUs, allowing them to process several instructions simultaneously. Graphics processors and computers with SIMD and MIMD features often contain ALUs that can perform arithmetic on vectors and matrices."}], ["Komponen utama yang biasa digunakan untuk semua CPU ialah kaunter program, sel memori khusus (daftar) yang menjejaki lokasi mana dalam ingatan arahan seterusnya akan dibaca. <> Satu sel memori khas CPU dipanggil apa? || daftar <> Daftar CPU yang menjejaki apa? || dimana lokasi dalam ingatan arahan seterusnya akan dibaca dari <> Apakah komponen yang mempunyai semua CPU? || kaunter program", {"qas": [{"question": "A special memory cell of a CPU is called what?", "id": "56fdf56519033b140034ce07", "answers": [{"text": "a register", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A register of a CPU keeps track of what?", "id": "56fdf56519033b140034ce08", "answers": [{"text": "which location in memory the next instruction is to be read from", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a component that all CPUs have?", "id": "56fdf56519033b140034ce09", "answers": [{"text": "the program counter", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A key component common to all CPUs is the program counter, a special memory cell (a register) that keeps track of which location in memory the next instruction is to be read from."}], ["Unit kawalan, ALU, dan daftar secara kolektif dikenali sebagai unit pemprosesan pusat (CPU). CPU awal terdiri daripada banyak komponen berasingan tetapi sejak pertengahan tahun 1970-an CPU biasanya dibina pada satu litar bersepadu yang dipanggil mikropemproses. <> CPU adalah singkatan untuk apa? || unit pemprosesan pusat <> Apa 3 bahagian membentuk CPU? || Unit kawalan, ALU, dan mendaftarkan <> CPU yang dibina pada litar bersepadu tunggal dipanggil apa? || sebuah mikropemproses <> Sejak bila mempunyai CPU dibina dengan mikropemproses? || pertengahan 1970-an", {"qas": [{"question": "The CPU is an abbreviation for what?", "id": "56fdf6df761e401900d28c67", "answers": [{"text": "central processing unit", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What 3 parts make up the CPU?", "id": "56fdf6df761e401900d28c68", "answers": [{"text": "The control unit, ALU, and registers", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "CPUs that are constructed on a single integrated circuit are called what?", "id": "56fdf6df761e401900d28c69", "answers": [{"text": "a microprocessor", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Since when have CPUs been constructed with a microprocessor?", "id": "56fdf6df761e401900d28c6a", "answers": [{"text": "mid-1970s", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The control unit, ALU, and registers are collectively known as a central processing unit (CPU). Early CPUs were composed of many separate components but since the mid-1970s CPUs have typically been constructed on a single integrated circuit called a microprocessor."}], ["Dalam hampir semua komputer moden, setiap sel memori ditubuhkan untuk menyimpan nombor binari dalam kumpulan lapan bit (dipanggil satu byte). Setiap bait dapat mewakili 256 nombor yang berbeza (28 = 256); sama ada dari 0 hingga 255 atau -128 hingga +127. Untuk menyimpan bilangan yang lebih besar, beberapa bait berturut-turut boleh digunakan (biasanya, dua, empat atau lapan). Apabila nombor negatif diperlukan, ia biasanya disimpan dalam notasi pelengkap dua. Pengaturan lain mungkin, tetapi biasanya tidak dilihat di luar aplikasi khusus atau konteks sejarah. Komputer boleh menyimpan apa-apa jenis maklumat dalam ingatan jika ia boleh diwakili secara berangka. Komputer moden mempunyai berbilion atau bahkan trillions of bytes of memory. <> Sekumpulan 8 bit dipanggil apa? || a byte <> Berapa banyak nombor yang boleh diwakili oleh bait? || 256 nombor yang berbeza <> Berapakah bilangan nombor yang boleh diwakili oleh byte? || 0 hingga 255 atau -128 hingga +127", {"qas": [{"question": "A group of 8 bits is called what?", "id": "56fdf85a761e401900d28c79", "answers": [{"text": "a byte", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many numbers can a byte represent?", "id": "56fdf85a761e401900d28c7a", "answers": [{"text": "256 different numbers", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the range of the numbers that a byte can represent?", "id": "56fdf85a761e401900d28c7b", "answers": [{"text": "0 to 255 or \u2212128 to +127", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In almost all modern computers, each memory cell is set up to store binary numbers in groups of eight bits (called a byte). Each byte is able to represent 256 different numbers (28 = 256); either from 0 to 255 or \u2212128 to +127. To store larger numbers, several consecutive bytes may be used (typically, two, four or eight). When negative numbers are required, they are usually stored in two's complement notation. Other arrangements are possible, but are usually not seen outside of specialized applications or historical contexts. A computer can store any kind of information in memory if it can be represented numerically. Modern computers have billions or even trillions of bytes of memory."}], ["Urutan operasi yang dikendalikan oleh unit kawalan untuk memproses arahan adalah seperti program komputer pendek, dan sesungguhnya, dalam beberapa reka bentuk CPU yang lebih rumit, terdapat komputer lain yang lain yang disebut microsequencer, yang menjalankan program mikrokod yang menyebabkan semua kejadian ini berlaku. <> Dalam beberapa reka bentuk CPU terdapat komputer yang lebih kecil yang dipanggil apa? || microsequencer <> Sebuah microsequencer boleh didapati dalam apa komponen komputer yang lain? || CPU", {"qas": [{"question": "In some CPU designs there is tinier computer called what?", "id": "56fdf66f761e401900d28c63", "answers": [{"text": "microsequencer", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A microsequencer can be found in what other computer component?", "id": "56fdf66f761e401900d28c64", "answers": [{"text": "CPU", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The sequence of operations that the control unit goes through to process an instruction is in itself like a short computer program, and indeed, in some more complex CPU designs, there is another yet smaller computer called a microsequencer, which runs a microcode program that causes all of these events to happen."}], ["CPU mengandungi satu set sel memori khusus yang dipanggil daftar yang boleh dibaca dan ditulis dengan lebih cepat daripada kawasan ingatan utama. Biasanya terdapat antara dua dan seratus daftar bergantung kepada jenis CPU. Daftar digunakan untuk item data yang paling kerap diperlukan untuk mengelakkan akses memori utama setiap kali data diperlukan. Oleh kerana data sentiasa dijalankan, mengurangkan keperluan untuk mengakses memori utama (yang sering lambat berbanding dengan ALU dan unit kawalan) sangat meningkatkan kelajuan komputer. <> Apa bahagian komputer yang mempunyai sel memori dipanggil daftar? || CPU <> Apakah jenis daftar biasa untuk CPU? || dua dan seratus daftar", {"qas": [{"question": "What part of the computer has memory cells called registers?", "id": "56fdf89e761e401900d28c7f", "answers": [{"text": "The CPU", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the typical range of registers for a CPU?", "id": "56fdf89e761e401900d28c80", "answers": [{"text": "two and one hundred registers", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The CPU contains a special set of memory cells called registers that can be read and written to much more rapidly than the main memory area. There are typically between two and one hundred registers depending on the type of CPU. Registers are used for the most frequently needed data items to avoid having to access main memory every time data is needed. As data is constantly being worked on, reducing the need to access main memory (which is often slow compared to the ALU and control units) greatly increases the computer's speed."}], ["Oleh kerana kaunter program (secara konseptual) hanya satu lagi set sel memori, ia boleh diubah dengan pengiraan yang dilakukan di ALU. Menambah 100 ke kaunter program akan menyebabkan arahan seterusnya dibaca dari tempat 100 lokasi lebih lanjut ke bawah program. Arahan yang mengubahsuai kaunter program sering dikenali sebagai \"melompat\" dan membolehkan gelung (arahan yang diulang oleh komputer) dan sering pelaksanaan arahan bersyarat (kedua-dua contoh aliran kawalan). <> Di bahagian manakah bolehkah kaunter program ditukar dengan pengiraan? || ALU <> Arahan yang mengubah kaunter program dipanggil apa? || \"melompat\" <> Gelung ditakrifkan sebagai apa? || arahan yang diulang oleh komputer)", {"qas": [{"question": "In what part can the program counter be changed by calculations?", "id": "56fdf63d19033b140034ce0d", "answers": [{"text": "the ALU", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Instructions that change the program counter are called what?", "id": "56fdf63d19033b140034ce0e", "answers": [{"text": "\"jumps\"", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Loops are defined as what?", "id": "56fdf63d19033b140034ce0f", "answers": [{"text": "instructions that are repeated by the computer)", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Since the program counter is (conceptually) just another set of memory cells, it can be changed by calculations done in the ALU. Adding 100 to the program counter would cause the next instruction to be read from a place 100 locations further down the program. Instructions that modify the program counter are often known as \"jumps\" and allow for loops (instructions that are repeated by the computer) and often conditional instruction execution (both examples of control flow)."}], ["Memori komputer boleh dilihat sebagai senarai sel ke mana nombor boleh diletakkan atau dibaca. Setiap sel mempunyai \"alamat\" bernombor dan boleh menyimpan satu nombor. Komputer boleh diarahkan untuk \"meletakkan nombor 123 ke dalam sel bernombor 1357\" atau \"tambah nombor yang berada dalam sel 1357 ke nombor yang ada dalam sel 2468 dan letakkan jawapan itu ke dalam sel 1595.\" Maklumat yang disimpan dalam ingatan mungkin mewakili sesuatu yang praktikal. Surat, nombor, bahkan arahan komputer boleh dimasukkan ke dalam memori dengan kemudahan yang sama. Oleh kerana CPU tidak membezakan antara jenis maklumat yang berlainan, itu adalah tanggungjawab perisian untuk memberikan makna apa yang dilihat oleh memori sebagai apa-apa tetapi satu siri nombor. <> Berapa banyak nombor yang boleh disimpan dalam memori komputer? || satu nombor <> Apakah tanggungjawab memberikan makna apa yang dilihat oleh memori sebagai apa-apa tetapi nombor? || perisian itu", {"qas": [{"question": "How many numbers can a cell of a computer's memory hold?", "id": "56fdf80d761e401900d28c75", "answers": [{"text": "a single number", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the responsibility of giving significance to what the memory sees as nothing but numbers?", "id": "56fdf80d761e401900d28c76", "answers": [{"text": "the software's", "answer_start": 598}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A computer's memory can be viewed as a list of cells into which numbers can be placed or read. Each cell has a numbered \"address\" and can store a single number. The computer can be instructed to \"put the number 123 into the cell numbered 1357\" or to \"add the number that is in cell 1357 to the number that is in cell 2468 and put the answer into cell 1595.\" The information stored in memory may represent practically anything. Letters, numbers, even computer instructions can be placed into memory with equal ease. Since the CPU does not differentiate between different types of information, it is the software's responsibility to give significance to what the memory sees as nothing but a series of numbers."}], ["Operasi aritmetik yang menyokong ALU tertentu mungkin terhad kepada tambahan dan penolakan, atau mungkin termasuk pendaraban, pembahagian, fungsi trigonometri seperti sinus, kosinus, dan lain-lain, dan akar persegi. Sesetengahnya hanya boleh beroperasi pada nombor keseluruhan (bilangan bulat) manakala yang lain menggunakan titik terapung untuk mewakili bilangan sebenar, walaupun dengan ketepatan yang terhad. Walau bagaimanapun, mana-mana komputer yang mampu melaksanakan operasi paling mudah boleh diprogramkan untuk memecah operasi yang lebih kompleks ke dalam langkah-langkah mudah yang boleh dilakukannya. Oleh itu, mana-mana komputer boleh diprogramkan untuk melakukan sebarang operasi aritmetik-walaupun ia memerlukan lebih banyak masa untuk melakukannya jika ALU tidak menyokong operasi itu secara langsung. ALU juga boleh membandingkan angka-angka dan kembali nilai kebenaran boolean (benar atau salah) bergantung kepada sama ada satu sama dengan, lebih besar daripada atau kurang daripada yang lain (\"adalah 64 lebih besar daripada 65?\"). <> Sesetengah fungsi trigonometri adalah apa? || sinus, kosinus, <> Istilah untuk bilangan keseluruhan adalah apa? || (integer", {"qas": [{"question": "Some trigonometry functions are what?", "id": "56fdf722761e401900d28c6f", "answers": [{"text": "sine, cosine,", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The term for whole numbers is what?", "id": "56fdf722761e401900d28c70", "answers": [{"text": "(integers", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The set of arithmetic operations that a particular ALU supports may be limited to addition and subtraction, or might include multiplication, division, trigonometry functions such as sine, cosine, etc., and square roots. Some can only operate on whole numbers (integers) whilst others use floating point to represent real numbers, albeit with limited precision. However, any computer that is capable of performing just the simplest operations can be programmed to break down the more complex operations into simple steps that it can perform. Therefore, any computer can be programmed to perform any arithmetic operation\u2014although it will take more time to do so if its ALU does not directly support the operation. An ALU may also compare numbers and return boolean truth values (true or false) depending on whether one is equal to, greater than or less than the other (\"is 64 greater than 65?\")."}], ["Dalam komputer yang lebih canggih mungkin terdapat satu atau lebih kenangan cache RAM, yang lebih lambat daripada daftar tetapi lebih cepat daripada ingatan utama. Secara umumnya komputer dengan cache jenis ini direka untuk memindahkan data yang kerap diperlukan ke dalam cache secara automatik, sering tanpa memerlukan apa-apa campur tangan pada bahagian pengatur. <> Memori cache RAM lebih lambat daripada apa? || daftar", {"qas": [{"question": "RAM cache memory is slower than what?", "id": "56fdfa03761e401900d28c83", "answers": [{"text": "registers", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In more sophisticated computers there may be one or more RAM cache memories, which are slower than registers but faster than main memory. Generally computers with this sort of cache are designed to move frequently needed data into the cache automatically, often without the need for any intervention on the programmer's part."}], ["Sesetengah komputer direka untuk mengagihkan kerja mereka merentas beberapa CPU dalam konfigurasi multiprocessing, satu teknik yang digunakan hanya dalam mesin besar dan berkuasa seperti superkomputer, komputer kerangka utama dan pelayan. Multiprosesor dan multi-teras (berbilang CPU pada litar bersepadu tunggal) komputer peribadi dan komputer riba kini boleh didapati secara meluas, dan semakin banyak digunakan di pasaran rendah sebagai akibatnya. <> Multiprocessor dan komputer berbilang teras mempunyai gandaan dari apa? || CPU", {"qas": [{"question": "Multiprocessor and multi-core computers have multiples of what?", "id": "56fdfc2c761e401900d28c8f", "answers": [{"text": "CPUs", "answer_start": 268}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some computers are designed to distribute their work across several CPUs in a multiprocessing configuration, a technique once employed only in large and powerful machines such as supercomputers, mainframe computers and servers. Multiprocessor and multi-core (multiple CPUs on a single integrated circuit) personal and laptop computers are now widely available, and are being increasingly used in lower-end markets as a result."}], ["Pada tahun 1970-an, jurutera komputer di institusi penyelidikan di seluruh Amerika Syarikat mula menghubungkan komputer mereka bersama menggunakan teknologi telekomunikasi. Usaha ini dibiayai oleh ARPA (sekarang DARPA), dan rangkaian komputer yang dihasilkan disebut ARPANET. Teknologi yang membuat Arpanet mungkin merebak dan berkembang. <> ARPA sekarang dikenali sebagai apa? || DARPA) <> Siapa yang membiayai menghubungkan komputer di seluruh Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 1970-an? || ARPA", {"qas": [{"question": "ARPA is now known as what?", "id": "56fe00e019033b140034ce2d", "answers": [{"text": "DARPA)", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who funded the linking of computers around the US in the 1970s?", "id": "56fe00e019033b140034ce2e", "answers": [{"text": "ARPA", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 1970s, computer engineers at research institutions throughout the United States began to link their computers together using telecommunications technology. The effort was funded by ARPA (now DARPA), and the computer network that resulted was called the ARPANET. The technologies that made the Arpanet possible spread and evolved."}], ["Komputer telah digunakan untuk menyelaraskan maklumat antara pelbagai lokasi sejak tahun 1950-an. Sistem sage tentera A.S. adalah contoh besar pertama sistem sedemikian, yang membawa kepada beberapa sistem komersial tujuan khusus seperti Sabre. <> Apakah sistem tentera A.S. adalah sistem skala besar pertama untuk menyelaraskan maklumat antara beberapa lokasi? || Sistem SAGE <> Bilakah komputer pertama kali digunakan untuk menyelaraskan maklumat antara banyak lokasi? || tahun 1950-an", {"qas": [{"question": "What system of the U.S. military's was the first large-scale system to coordinate information between several locations?", "id": "56fe00a519033b140034ce29", "answers": [{"text": "SAGE system", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were computers first used to coordinate information between many locations?", "id": "56fe00a519033b140034ce2a", "answers": [{"text": "the 1950s", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Computers have been used to coordinate information between multiple locations since the 1950s. The U.S. military's SAGE system was the first large-scale example of such a system, which led to a number of special-purpose commercial systems such as Sabre."}], ["Walaupun komputer boleh dilihat sebagai menjalankan satu program raksasa yang disimpan dalam ingatan utamanya, dalam sesetengah sistem adalah perlu untuk memberikan rupa menjalankan beberapa program serentak. Ini dicapai oleh multitasking iaitu beralih komputer dengan pantas antara menjalankan setiap program pada gilirannya. <> Dalam istilah komputer, apabila komputer beralih dengan pantas antara menjalankan setiap program pula, dipanggil apa? || multitasking", {"qas": [{"question": "In computer terms, when a computer is switching rapidly between running each program in turn, is called what?", "id": "56fdfad119033b140034ce1f", "answers": [{"text": "multitasking", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "While a computer may be viewed as running one gigantic program stored in its main memory, in some systems it is necessary to give the appearance of running several programs simultaneously. This is achieved by multitasking i.e. having the computer switch rapidly between running each program in turn."}], ["Seolah-olah, multitasking akan menyebabkan komputer yang bertukar antara beberapa program untuk berjalan lebih perlahan, secara langsung mengikut bilangan program yang sedang dijalankan, tetapi kebanyakan program menghabiskan banyak masa mereka menunggu peranti input / output perlahan untuk menyelesaikan tugas mereka. Sekiranya program sedang menunggu pengguna klik pada tetikus atau tekan kekunci pada papan kekunci, maka ia tidak akan mengambil \"slice masa\" sehingga peristiwa yang sedang menunggu telah terjadi. Ini membebaskan masa untuk program lain untuk dilaksanakan supaya banyak program boleh dijalankan secara serentak tanpa kehilangan kelajuan yang tidak boleh diterima. <> Multitasking nampaknya menyebabkan komputer berjalan dengan cara apa? || lebih perlahan, <> Apa yang banyak program menghabiskan masa menunggu? || peranti input / output", {"qas": [{"question": "Multitasking would seemingly cause a computer to run in what fashion?", "id": "56fdfbee19033b140034ce25", "answers": [{"text": "more slowly,", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do a lot of programs spend time waiting for?", "id": "56fdfbee19033b140034ce26", "answers": [{"text": "input/output devices", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Seemingly, multitasking would cause a computer that is switching between several programs to run more slowly, in direct proportion to the number of programs it is running, but most programs spend much of their time waiting for slow input/output devices to complete their tasks. If a program is waiting for the user to click on the mouse or press a key on the keyboard, then it will not take a \"time slice\" until the event it is waiting for has occurred. This frees up time for other programs to execute so that many programs may be run simultaneously without unacceptable speed loss."}], ["Superkomputer khususnya sering mempunyai seni bina yang sangat unik yang berbeza dengan ketara dari seni bina asas yang disimpan dan dari komputer tujuan umum. Mereka sering mempunyai beribu-ribu CPU, interkonnect speed berkelajuan tinggi, dan perkakasan pengkomputeran khusus. Reka bentuk sedemikian cenderung berguna hanya untuk tugas khusus kerana skala besar organisasi program yang diperlukan untuk berjaya memanfaatkan sumber-sumber yang tersedia sekaligus. Superkomputer biasanya melihat penggunaan dalam simulasi berskala besar, aplikasi grafik, dan aplikasi kriptografi, serta dengan tugas-tugas lain yang dipanggil \"memalukan\". <> Berapa banyak CPU yang biasanya dimiliki superkomputer? || beribu-ribu <> Apakah nama komputer yang mempunyai banyak CPU dan lebih berkuasa? || Superkomputer", {"qas": [{"question": "How many CPUs do supercomputers typically possess?", "id": "56fdfd72761e401900d28c91", "answers": [{"text": "thousands", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of a computer that has many CPUs and much more powerful?", "id": "56fdfd72761e401900d28c92", "answers": [{"text": "Supercomputers", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Supercomputers in particular often have highly unique architectures that differ significantly from the basic stored-program architecture and from general purpose computers. They often feature thousands of CPUs, customized high-speed interconnects, and specialized computing hardware. Such designs tend to be useful only for specialized tasks due to the large scale of program organization required to successfully utilize most of the available resources at once. Supercomputers usually see usage in large-scale simulation, graphics rendering, and cryptography applications, as well as with other so-called \"embarrassingly parallel\" tasks."}], ["I / O adalah cara yang mana komputer bertukar maklumat dengan dunia luar. Peranti yang menyediakan input atau output ke komputer dipanggil periferi. Pada komputer peribadi biasa, peranti termasuk peranti input seperti papan kekunci dan tetikus, dan peranti output seperti paparan dan pencetak. Pemacu cakera keras, pemacu cakera liut dan pemacu cakera optik berfungsi sebagai peranti input dan output. Rangkaian komputer adalah satu lagi bentuk I / O. <> Peranti yang memberikan input atau output ke komputer dipanggil apa? || peripheral <> Tetikus adalah jenis peranti periferi? || input <> Pencetak adalah jenis peranti periferi? || output <> Pemacu cakera keras ialah jenis peranti periferi? || input dan output <> Papan kekunci apa jenis peranti periferi? || input", {"qas": [{"question": "Devices that give input or output to a computer are called what?", "id": "56fdfa85761e401900d28c85", "answers": [{"text": "peripherals", "answer_start": 147}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A mouse is what type of peripheral device?", "id": "56fdfa85761e401900d28c86", "answers": [{"text": "input", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A printer is what type of peripheral device?", "id": "56fdfa85761e401900d28c87", "answers": [{"text": "output", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Hard disk drives are what type of peripheral device?", "id": "56fdfa85761e401900d28c88", "answers": [{"text": "input and output", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A keyboard is what type of peripheral device?", "id": "56fdfa85761e401900d28c89", "answers": [{"text": "input", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "I/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world. Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called peripherals. On a typical personal computer, peripherals include input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and output devices such as the display and printer. Hard disk drives, floppy disk drives and optical disc drives serve as both input and output devices. Computer networking is another form of I/O."}], ["Salah satu cara yang dilakukan ialah isyarat khas yang dipanggil gangguan, yang secara berkala boleh menyebabkan komputer berhenti melaksanakan arahan di mana ia dan melakukan sesuatu yang lain. Dengan mengingati di mana ia melaksanakan sebelum gangguan, komputer boleh kembali ke tugas itu kemudian. Jika beberapa program berjalan \"pada masa yang sama\". maka penjana gangguan mungkin menyebabkan beberapa ratus mengganggu sesaat, menyebabkan program bertukar setiap kali. Oleh kerana komputer moden biasanya melaksanakan arahan beberapa pesanan magnitud yang lebih cepat daripada persepsi manusia, mungkin kelihatan bahawa banyak program berjalan pada waktu yang sama walaupun hanya satu yang pernah melaksanakan setiap saat tertentu. Kaedah multitasking ini kadang-kadang disebut \"perkongsian masa\" kerana setiap program diperuntukkan \"slice\" masa pada gilirannya. <> Kaedah multitasking yang mengambil \"slice\" masa pada gilirannya dipanggil apa? || \"perkongsian masa\" <> Suatu isyarat yang menghalang arahan pelaksanaan mengira dipanggil apa? || gangguan,", {"qas": [{"question": "A method of multitasking that takes a \"slice\" of time in turn is called what?", "id": "56fdfb9219033b140034ce21", "answers": [{"text": "\"time-sharing\"", "answer_start": 757}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A signal that stops a compute executing instructions is called what?", "id": "56fdfb9219033b140034ce22", "answers": [{"text": "an interrupt,", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One means by which this is done is with a special signal called an interrupt, which can periodically cause the computer to stop executing instructions where it was and do something else instead. By remembering where it was executing prior to the interrupt, the computer can return to that task later. If several programs are running \"at the same time\". then the interrupt generator might be causing several hundred interrupts per second, causing a program switch each time. Since modern computers typically execute instructions several orders of magnitude faster than human perception, it may appear that many programs are running at the same time even though only one is ever executing in any given instant. This method of multitasking is sometimes termed \"time-sharing\" since each program is allocated a \"slice\" of time in turn."}], ["RAM boleh dibaca dan ditulis pada bila-bila masa arahan CPU itu, tetapi ROM dimuat dengan data dan perisian yang tidak pernah berubah, oleh itu CPU hanya boleh dibaca dari itu. ROM biasanya digunakan untuk menyimpan arahan permulaan komputer yang awal. Secara umum, kandungan RAM dipadamkan apabila kuasa ke komputer dimatikan, tetapi ROM menyimpan datanya selama-lamanya. Dalam PC, ROM mengandungi program khusus yang dipanggil BIOS yang mengaturkan memuatkan sistem operasi komputer dari pemacu cakera keras ke dalam RAM setiap kali komputer dihidupkan atau ditetapkan semula. Dalam komputer terbenam, yang sering tidak mempunyai pemacu cakera, semua perisian yang diperlukan mungkin disimpan dalam ROM. Perisian yang disimpan dalam ROM sering dipanggil firmware, kerana ia lebih dikenali sebagai perkakasan daripada perisian. Memori kilat mengaburkan perbezaan antara ROM dan RAM, kerana mengekalkan datanya apabila dimatikan tetapi juga boleh tulis semula. Biasanya lebih perlahan daripada ROM konvensional dan RAM bagaimanapun, jadi penggunaannya terhad kepada aplikasi di mana kelajuan tinggi tidak diperlukan. <> Jenis memori apa yang boleh dibaca hanya oleh CPU? || ROM <> Jenis memori apa yang boleh dibaca dan ditulis oleh CPU? || RAM <> Jenis memori apa yang sentiasa disimpan dan disimpan sama? || ROM <> Progam dalam ROM PC dipanggil apa? || BIOS <> Perisian yang disimpan dalam ROM dipanggil apa yang biasanya? || firmware,", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of memory can a CPU only read from?", "id": "56fdf9de19033b140034ce15", "answers": [{"text": "ROM", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of memory can a CPU read and write from?", "id": "56fdf9de19033b140034ce16", "answers": [{"text": "RAM", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of memory is always kept and kept the same?", "id": "56fdf9de19033b140034ce17", "answers": [{"text": "ROM", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A progam inside the ROM of a PC is called what?", "id": "56fdf9de19033b140034ce18", "answers": [{"text": "the BIOS", "answer_start": 425}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Software stored in ROM is called what usually?", "id": "56fdf9de19033b140034ce19", "answers": [{"text": "firmware,", "answer_start": 726}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "RAM can be read and written to anytime the CPU commands it, but ROM is preloaded with data and software that never changes, therefore the CPU can only read from it. ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start-up instructions. In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to the computer is turned off, but ROM retains its data indefinitely. In a PC, the ROM contains a specialized program called the BIOS that orchestrates loading the computer's operating system from the hard disk drive into RAM whenever the computer is turned on or reset. In embedded computers, which frequently do not have disk drives, all of the required software may be stored in ROM. Software stored in ROM is often called firmware, because it is notionally more like hardware than software. Flash memory blurs the distinction between ROM and RAM, as it retains its data when turned off but is also rewritable. It is typically much slower than conventional ROM and RAM however, so its use is restricted to applications where high speed is unnecessary."}], ["Firmware adalah teknologi yang mempunyai gabungan kedua-dua perkakasan dan perisian seperti cip BIOS di dalam komputer. Cip (perkakasan) ini terletak di papan induk dan mempunyai BIOS set up (perisian) yang disimpan di dalamnya. <> Cip BIOS terletak di mana komputer? || motherboard <> Apa jenis perisian yang disimpan dalam cip BIOS? || BIOS ditetapkan", {"qas": [{"question": "A BIOS chip is located where in a computer?", "id": "56fe0408761e401900d28ca5", "answers": [{"text": "the motherboard", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of software is stored in a BIOS chip?", "id": "56fe0408761e401900d28ca6", "answers": [{"text": "BIOS set up", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Firmware is the technology which has the combination of both hardware and software such as BIOS chip inside a computer. This chip (hardware) is located on the motherboard and has the BIOS set up (software) stored in it."}], ["Perisian merujuk kepada bahagian komputer yang tidak mempunyai bentuk material, seperti program, data, protokol, dan lain-lain. Apabila perisian disimpan dalam perkakasan yang tidak dapat diubah suai dengan mudah (seperti BIOS ROM dalam kompatibel PC IBM), ia adalah kadang-kadang dipanggil \"firmware\". <> Sebahagian daripada komputer yang bukan objek material secara kolektif dikenali sebagai apa? || Perisian <> Perisian yang disimpan dalam perkakasan yang tidak dapat diubah dengan mudah dipanggil apa? || firmware <> Apa jenis \"ware\" yang BIOS ROM dalam PC? || perisian", {"qas": [{"question": "Parts of a computer that are not material objects are collectively known as what?", "id": "56fe03d5761e401900d28c9f", "answers": [{"text": "Software", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Software stored in hardware that cannot be changed easily is called what?", "id": "56fe03d5761e401900d28ca0", "answers": [{"text": "firmware", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of \"ware\" is a BIOS ROM in a PC?", "id": "56fe03d5761e401900d28ca1", "answers": [{"text": "software", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Software refers to parts of the computer which do not have a material form, such as programs, data, protocols, etc. When software is stored in hardware that cannot easily be modified (such as BIOS ROM in an IBM PC compatible), it is sometimes called \"firmware\"."}], ["Istilah perkakasan meliputi semua bahagian komputer yang objek ketara. Litar, paparan, bekalan kuasa, kabel, papan kekunci, pencetak dan tikus adalah semua perkakasan. <> Sebahagian daripada komputer yang merupakan objek sebenar secara kolektif dikenali sebagai apa? || perkakasan", {"qas": [{"question": "Parts of a computer that are real objects are collectively known as what?", "id": "56fe037c19033b140034ce3b", "answers": [{"text": "hardware", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The term hardware covers all of those parts of a computer that are tangible objects. Circuits, displays, power supplies, cables, keyboards, printers and mice are all hardware."}], ["Apabila data yang tidak diproses dihantar ke komputer dengan bantuan peranti input, data diproses dan dihantar ke peranti output. Peranti input mungkin dikendalikan tangan atau automatik. Perbuatan pemprosesan terutamanya dikawal oleh CPU. Beberapa contoh peranti input tangan yang dikendalikan adalah: <> Memproses data dari input dan output peranti biasanya dilakukan oleh apa? || CPU <> Di mana data dari peranti input dihantar ke selepas diproses? || peranti output", {"qas": [{"question": "Processing data from input and output devices is typically done by what?", "id": "56fe044419033b140034ce3d", "answers": [{"text": "CPU", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the data from input devices sent to after being processed?", "id": "56fe044419033b140034ce3e", "answers": [{"text": "output devices", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "When unprocessed data is sent to the computer with the help of input devices, the data is processed and sent to output devices. The input devices may be hand-operated or automated. The act of processing is mainly regulated by the CPU. Some examples of hand-operated input devices are:"}], ["Komputer akan menyelesaikan masalah dengan tepat seperti yang diprogramkan, tanpa mengambil kira kecekapan, penyelesaian alternatif, cara pintas mungkin, atau kemungkinan kesalahan dalam kod. Program komputer yang belajar dan menyesuaikan diri adalah sebahagian daripada kecerdasan buatan dan pembelajaran mesin yang muncul. <> Program komputer yang boleh dipelajari dipelajari dalam bidang apa? || kecerdasan buatan", {"qas": [{"question": "Computer programs that can learn are studied in what field?", "id": "56fe034c19033b140034ce39", "answers": [{"text": "artificial intelligence", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A computer will solve problems in exactly the way it is programmed to, without regard to efficiency, alternative solutions, possible shortcuts, or possible errors in the code. Computer programs that learn and adapt are part of the emerging field of artificial intelligence and machine learning."}], ["Terdapat penyelidikan aktif untuk membuat komputer daripada pelbagai teknologi baru yang menjanjikan, seperti komputer optik, komputer DNA, komputer saraf, dan komputer kuantum. Kebanyakan komputer adalah universal, dan mampu mengira sebarang fungsi yang boleh dikira, dan hanya terhad oleh kapasiti memori dan kelajuan operasi mereka. Bagaimanapun reka bentuk komputer yang berbeza boleh memberikan prestasi yang sangat berbeza untuk masalah tertentu; contohnya komputer kuantum berpotensi dapat memecahkan beberapa algoritma penyulitan moden (oleh pemfaktoran kuantum) dengan cepat. <> Apa jenis komputer boleh memecahkan algoritma penyulitan dengan cepat? || komputer kuantum <> Dengan cara apa cara kuantum komputer menyelesaikan algoritma penyulitan dengan cepat? || pengkhususan kuantum", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of computer can break encryption algorithms quickly?", "id": "56fe0329761e401900d28c9b", "answers": [{"text": "quantum computers", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By what method do quantum computers solve encryption algorithms quickly?", "id": "56fe0329761e401900d28c9c", "answers": [{"text": "quantum factoring", "answer_start": 511}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There is active research to make computers out of many promising new types of technology, such as optical computers, DNA computers, neural computers, and quantum computers. Most computers are universal, and are able to calculate any computable function, and are limited only by their memory capacity and operating speed. However different designs of computers can give very different performance for particular problems; for example quantum computers can potentially break some modern encryption algorithms (by quantum factoring) very quickly."}], ["Komputer tidak perlu elektronik, ataupun mempunyai pemproses, atau RAM, atau cakera keras. Walaupun penggunaan kata \"komputer\" yang sama adalah sinonim dengan komputer elektronik peribadi, definisi moden komputer adalah secara harfiah: \"Peranti yang mengira, terutamanya mesin elektronik yang boleh diprogramkan yang menjalankan operasi matematik atau logik berkelajuan tinggi atau yang memasang, menyimpan, menghubungkan atau memproses maklumat. \" Sebarang peranti yang memproses maklumat memenuhi syarat sebagai komputer, terutamanya jika pemprosesan adalah bertujuan. [Semua rujukan yang boleh memproses maklumat boleh memenuhi syarat dipanggil apa? || komputer", {"qas": [{"question": "All devices that can process information can qualify being called what?", "id": "56fe01af19033b140034ce31", "answers": [{"text": "a computer", "answer_start": 513}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A computer does not need to be electronic, nor even have a processor, nor RAM, nor even a hard disk. While popular usage of the word \"computer\" is synonymous with a personal electronic computer, the modern definition of a computer is literally: \"A device that computes, especially a programmable [usually] electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information.\" Any device which processes information qualifies as a computer, especially if the processing is purposeful.[citation needed]"}], ["Keupayaan untuk menyimpan dan melaksanakan senarai arahan yang dipanggil program menjadikan komputer sangat serba boleh, membezakannya daripada kalkulator. Tesis Gereja-Turing adalah pernyataan matematik tentang kepelbagaian ini: mana-mana komputer dengan keupayaan minimum (menjadi Turing-lengkap), pada dasarnya, mampu melakukan tugas yang sama yang dilakukan oleh komputer lain. Oleh itu, apa-apa jenis komputer (netbook, superkomputer, automaton selular, dll) dapat melakukan tugas-tugas komputasi yang sama, memandangkan kapasiti masa dan penyimpanan yang cukup. <> Keupayaan untuk menyimpan dan melaksanakan senarai arahan disebut apa? || program <> Pernyataan matematik mengenai fleksibiliti komputer dikenali sebagai apa? || Tesis Gereja-Turing", {"qas": [{"question": "The ability to store and execute lists of instructions are called what?", "id": "56fe016d761e401900d28c97", "answers": [{"text": "programs", "answer_start": 62}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The mathematical statement of computers versatility is known as what?", "id": "56fe016d761e401900d28c98", "answers": [{"text": "The Church\u2013Turing thesis", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile, distinguishing them from calculators. The Church\u2013Turing thesis is a mathematical statement of this versatility: any computer with a minimum capability (being Turing-complete) is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore, any type of computer (netbook, supercomputer, cellular automaton, etc.) is able to perform the same computational tasks, given enough time and storage capacity."}], ["Secara sejarah, komputer berevolusi dari komputer mekanikal dan akhirnya dari tiub vakum ke transistor. Walau bagaimanapun, sistem pengiraan secara konseptual sebagai fleksibel sebagai komputer peribadi boleh dibina daripada hampir apa sahaja. Sebagai contoh, komputer boleh dibuat dari bola biliard (komputer bola biliard); contoh yang sering dipetik. [rujukan?] Lebih realistik, komputer moden dibuat daripada transistor yang diperbuat daripada semikonduktor photolithographed. <> Tiub vakum di komputer awal diganti dengan apa? || Transistor <> Transistor biasanya terdiri daripada apa hari ini? || semikonduktor photolithographed <> Komputer yang dibuat menggunakan bola kolam dikenali sebagai apa? || bola bola komputer)", {"qas": [{"question": "Vacuum tubes in early computers were replaced by what?", "id": "56fe022c19033b140034ce33", "answers": [{"text": "transistors", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Transistors are typically made up of what today?", "id": "56fe022c19033b140034ce34", "answers": [{"text": "photolithographed semiconductors", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A computer that is made using pool balls is known as what?", "id": "56fe022c19033b140034ce35", "answers": [{"text": "billiard ball computer)", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Historically, computers evolved from mechanical computers and eventually from vacuum tubes to transistors. However, conceptually computational systems as flexible as a personal computer can be built out of almost anything. For example, a computer can be made out of billiard balls (billiard ball computer); an often quoted example.[citation needed] More realistically, modern computers are made out of transistors made of photolithographed semiconductors."}], ["Pada waktunya, rangkaian itu tersebar di luar institusi akademik dan ketenteraan dan dikenali sebagai Internet. Kemunculan rangkaian melibatkan pembentukan semula sifat dan sempadan komputer. Sistem operasi komputer dan aplikasi diubah suai untuk memasukkan keupayaan untuk menentukan dan mengakses sumber-sumber komputer lain di rangkaian, seperti peranti periferi, maklumat yang disimpan, dan sebagainya, sebagai sambungan sumber-sumber komputer individu. Pada mulanya kemudahan ini disediakan terutamanya kepada orang yang bekerja dalam persekitaran berteknologi tinggi, tetapi pada tahun 1990-an penyebaran aplikasi seperti e-mel dan World Wide Web, digabungkan dengan pembangunan teknologi rangkaian murah dan cepat seperti Ethernet dan ADSL melihat rangkaian komputer menjadi hampir di mana-mana. Sebenarnya, bilangan komputer yang berangkaian semakin berkembang secara fenomena. Sebahagian besar komputer peribadi kerap bersambung ke Internet untuk berkomunikasi dan menerima maklumat. Rangkaian \"Wireless\", selalunya menggunakan rangkaian telefon bimbit, bermakna jaringan menjadi semakin terkecuali walaupun dalam persekitaran pengkomputeran mudah alih. <> Rangkaian rangkaian yang dikenali sebagai hari ini? || Internet.", {"qas": [{"question": "The network spread to be known as what today?", "id": "56fe0112761e401900d28c95", "answers": [{"text": "the Internet.", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In time, the network spread beyond academic and military institutions and became known as the Internet. The emergence of networking involved a redefinition of the nature and boundaries of the computer. Computer operating systems and applications were modified to include the ability to define and access the resources of other computers on the network, such as peripheral devices, stored information, and the like, as extensions of the resources of an individual computer. Initially these facilities were available primarily to people working in high-tech environments, but in the 1990s the spread of applications like e-mail and the World Wide Web, combined with the development of cheap, fast networking technologies like Ethernet and ADSL saw computer networking become almost ubiquitous. In fact, the number of computers that are networked is growing phenomenally. A very large proportion of personal computers regularly connect to the Internet to communicate and receive information. \"Wireless\" networking, often utilizing mobile phone networks, has meant networking is becoming increasingly ubiquitous even in mobile computing environments."}]], [["Menurut Dr. Carlos Moore, sarjana pemastautin di Brazil State of Bahia, di abad ke-21 Afro-multiracial di dunia Arab, termasuk orang Arab di Afrika Utara, mengenal pasti diri dengan cara yang menyerupai pelbagai kaum di Amerika Latin. Dia mendakwa Arab yang kelihatan hitam, seperti orang Amerika Latin yang kelihatan hitam, menganggap dirinya putih kerana mereka mempunyai keturunan putih yang jauh. <> Kenapa seorang Arab hitam kelihatan menganggap dirinya putih? || kerana mereka mempunyai keturunan putih yang jauh. <> Di mana Dr. Carlos Moore bekerja? || University of the State of Bahia Brazil <> Bagaimana afro-multiracial mengenal pasti pada abad ke-21? || dengan cara yang menyerupai pelbagai kaum", {"qas": [{"question": "Why would a black-looking Arab consider himself white?", "id": "57064d0675f01819005e7b24", "answers": [{"text": "because they have some distant white ancestry.", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does Dr. Carlos Moore work?", "id": "57064d0675f01819005e7b25", "answers": [{"text": "Brazil's University of the State of Bahia", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do Afro-multiracials identify in the 21st century?", "id": "57064d0675f01819005e7b26", "answers": [{"text": "in ways that resemble multi-racials", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to Dr. Carlos Moore, resident scholar at Brazil's University of the State of Bahia, in the 21st century Afro-multiracials in the Arab world, including Arabs in North Africa, self-identify in ways that resemble multi-racials in Latin America. He claims that black-looking Arabs, much like black-looking Latin Americans, consider themselves white because they have some distant white ancestry."}], ["Presiden Mesir Anwar Sadat mempunyai seorang ibu yang seorang wanita Sudan Nubian berkulit gelap dan seorang bapa yang seorang Mesir yang berkulit gelap. Sebagai tindak balas kepada iklan untuk kedudukan bertindak, sebagai seorang lelaki muda, dia berkata, \"Saya tidak putih tetapi saya tidak betul-betul hitam sama ada kegelapan saya cenderung kemerahan\". <> Siapa Presiden Mesir? || Anwar Sadat <> Apakah etnik ayahnya? || Mesir <> Apa warna yang dia maksudkan kepada dirinya? || merah", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the Egyptian President?", "id": "57064d8c52bb8914006899ce", "answers": [{"text": "Anwar Sadat", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ethnicity was his father?", "id": "57064d8c52bb8914006899d0", "answers": [{"text": "Egyptian", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What color did he refer to himself as?", "id": "57064d8c52bb8914006899d1", "answers": [{"text": "reddish", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Egyptian President Anwar Sadat had a mother who was a dark-skinned Nubian Sudanese woman and a father who was a lighter-skinned Egyptian. In response to an advertisement for an acting position, as a young man he said, \"I am not white but I am not exactly black either. My blackness is tending to reddish\"."}], ["Pada abad ke-18, Maghribi Sultan Moulay Ismail \"yang berdarah darah\" (1672-1727) menaikkan seramai 150,000 budak hitam, yang dikenali sebagai Pengawal Hitam, yang memaksa negara itu masuk. <> Bilakah Maghribi Sultan Moulay Ismail hidup? || (1672-1727) <> Berapa banyak budak hitam yang dia miliki? || 150,000 <> Apa yang dia panggil tentara hamba? || Pengawal Hitam <> Apa yang dilakukan oleh Pengawal Hitam? || memaksakan negara menjadi penyerahan. <> Bilakah wujudnya Pengawal Hitam? || Pada abad ke-18", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail live?", "id": "57064c4575f01819005e7b1a", "answers": [{"text": "(1672\u20131727)", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many black slaves did he own?", "id": "57064c4575f01819005e7b1b", "answers": [{"text": "150,000", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did he call his slave army?", "id": "57064c4575f01819005e7b1c", "answers": [{"text": "Black Guard", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Black Guard do?", "id": "57064c4575f01819005e7b1d", "answers": [{"text": "coerced the country into submission.", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the Black Guard exist?", "id": "57064c4575f01819005e7b1e", "answers": [{"text": "In the 18th century", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the 18th century, the Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail \"the Bloodthirsty\" (1672\u20131727) raised a corps of 150,000 black slaves, called his Black Guard, who coerced the country into submission."}], ["Pada awal tahun 1991, orang-orang bukan Arab dari puak Zaghawa Sudan membuktikan bahawa mereka menjadi mangsa kempen apartheid Arab yang mengintensifkan, mengasingkan orang Arab dan bukan orang Arab (khususnya orang keturunan Afrika sub-Sahara). Orang Arab Sudan, yang menguasai kerajaan, secara meluas disebut sebagai mengamalkan apartheid terhadap warga bukan Sudan Sudan. Kerajaan telah dituduh sebagai \"perpaduan Arab dengan tegas\" untuk menjalankan dasar apartheid dan pembersihan etnik. <> Bilakah apartheid Arab semakin bertambah? || awal 1991 <> Siapa yang merasa dianiaya kerana apartheid? || bukan orang Arab dari puak Zaghawa <> Di manakah orang-orang ini hidup? || Sudan <> yang menguasai kerajaan? || Arab Sudan <> Apakah kerajaan dituduh? || cekap manipulat (ing) perpaduan Arab \"untuk melaksanakan dasar apartheid dan pembersihan etnik.", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Arab apartheid intensify? ", "id": "570652ab75f01819005e7b46", "answers": [{"text": "early 1991", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who felt persecuted due to the apartheid?", "id": "570652ab75f01819005e7b47", "answers": [{"text": "non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did these people live?", "id": "570652ab75f01819005e7b48", "answers": [{"text": "Sudan", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who controlled the government?", "id": "570652ab75f01819005e7b49", "answers": [{"text": "Sudanese Arabs", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the government being accused of?", "id": "570652ab75f01819005e7b4a", "answers": [{"text": "deftly manipulat(ing) Arab solidarity\" to carry out policies of apartheid and ethnic cleansing.", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In early 1991, non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe of Sudan attested that they were victims of an intensifying Arab apartheid campaign, segregating Arabs and non-Arabs (specifically people of sub-Saharan African descent). Sudanese Arabs, who controlled the government, were widely referred to as practicing apartheid against Sudan's non-Arab citizens. The government was accused of \"deftly manipulat(ing) Arab solidarity\" to carry out policies of apartheid and ethnic cleansing."}], ["Orang Roma berinteraksi dengan dan kemudian menakluki bahagian Mauretania, sebuah negara awal yang meliputi moden Maghribi, Algeria barat, dan kota-kota Sepanyol Ceuta dan Melilla pada masa klasik. Orang-orang di rantau ini dicatatkan dalam kesusasteraan Klasik sebagai Mauri, yang kemudiannya diberikan sebagai Moors dalam bahasa Inggeris. <> Apa yang membuat Mauretania? || Maghribi, Algeria barat, dan bandar-bandar Sepanyol Ceuta dan Melilla <> Siapa yang menakluk bahagian Mauretania? || Orang-orang Rom <> Dalam apa tempoh Mauretania wujud? || tempoh klasik. <> Di manakah penduduk di rantau ini? || dalam kesusasteraan klasik <> Apakah Mauri dalam bahasa Inggeris? || Moors", {"qas": [{"question": "What made up Mauretania?", "id": "5706480975f01819005e7afe", "answers": [{"text": "Morocco, western Algeria, and the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who conquered parts of Mauretania?", "id": "5706480975f01819005e7aff", "answers": [{"text": "The Romans", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what period did Mauretania exist? ", "id": "5706480975f01819005e7b00", "answers": [{"text": "the classical period.", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the people of the region noted? ", "id": "5706480975f01819005e7b01", "answers": [{"text": "in Classical literature", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Mauri in English? ", "id": "5706480975f01819005e7b02", "answers": [{"text": "Moors", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Romans interacted with and later conquered parts of Mauretania, an early state that covered modern Morocco, western Algeria, and the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla during the classical period. The people of the region were noted in Classical literature as Mauri, which was subsequently rendered as Moors in English."}], ["Ada yang berjaya menjadi bapa mereka sebagai raja, seperti Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur, yang memerintah Maghribi dari tahun 1578 hingga 1608. Dia tidak dianggap secara teknis sebagai anak bangsa bercampur campuran; ibunya adalah Fulani dan selir bapanya. Toleransi semacam itu untuk orang kulit hitam, walaupun secara teknikal \"bebas\", tidak begitu biasa di Maghribi. Persatuan masyarakat sub-Sahara yang panjang sebagai hamba ditunjukkan dalam istilah abd (Arab: \u0639\u0628\u062f,) (yang bermaksud \"hamba\"); ia masih sering digunakan dalam dunia berbahasa Arab sebagai istilah untuk orang kulit hitam. <> Siapa penguasa di Maghribi? || Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur <> Bilakah pemerintahan Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur? || dari 1578 hingga 1608 <> Apa etnik adalah ibunya? || Fulani <> Apakah istilah Arab masih digunakan untuk orang kulit hitam? || (Arab: \u0639\u0628\u062f,) (bermaksud \"hamba\") <> Yang masih mempunyai istilah \"hamba\" yang digunakan sebagai rujukan kepada mereka? || sub-Sahara", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the ruler in Morocco?", "id": "5706511d52bb8914006899e0", "answers": [{"text": "Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur rule?", "id": "5706511d52bb8914006899e1", "answers": [{"text": "from 1578 to 1608", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ethnicity was his mother?", "id": "5706511d52bb8914006899e2", "answers": [{"text": "Fulani", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Arabic term is still used for black people?", "id": "5706511d52bb8914006899e3", "answers": [{"text": "(Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u200e,) (meaning \"slave\")", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who still had the term \"slave\" used in reference to them?", "id": "5706511d52bb8914006899e4", "answers": [{"text": "sub-Saharan peoples", "answer_start": 348}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some succeeded their fathers as rulers, such as Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur, who ruled Morocco from 1578 to 1608. He was not technically considered as a mixed-race child of a slave; his mother was Fulani and a concubine of his father. Such tolerance for black persons, even when technically \"free\", was not so common in Morocco. The long association of sub-Saharan peoples as slaves is shown in the term abd (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u200e,) (meaning \"slave\"); it is still frequently used in the Arabic-speaking world as a term for black people."}], ["Banyak komuniti orang kulit hitam hadir di Afrika Utara, ada yang bertarikh dari masyarakat prasejarah. Yang lain adalah keturunan perdagangan Trans-Sahara yang bersejarah dalam masyarakat dan / atau, dan selepas invasi Arab Afrika Utara pada abad ke-7, keturunan hamba dari Arab Arab Trade di Afrika Utara. <> Di manakah Perdagangan Arab Hamba? || Afrika Utara <> Bilakah Invasions Arab? || abad ke-7 <> Di mana terdapat banyak masyarakat berkulit hitam? || Afrika Utara <> Bilakah komuniti ini bermula? || beberapa yang bertarikh dari masyarakat prasejarah. <> Siapa mereka keturunan? || Perdagangan Trans-Sahara dalam masyarakat", {"qas": [{"question": "Where was the Arab Slave Trade?", "id": "5706498475f01819005e7b08", "answers": [{"text": "North Africa", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were the Arab Invasions?", "id": "5706498475f01819005e7b09", "answers": [{"text": "the 7th century", "answer_start": 244}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were numerous dark-skinned communities? ", "id": "5706498475f01819005e7b0a", "answers": [{"text": "North Africa", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did these communities begin?", "id": "5706498475f01819005e7b0b", "answers": [{"text": "some dating from prehistoric communities.", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who are they descendants of?", "id": "5706498475f01819005e7b0c", "answers": [{"text": "Trans-Saharan trade in peoples", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Numerous communities of dark-skinned peoples are present in North Africa, some dating from prehistoric communities. Others are descendants of the historical Trans-Saharan trade in peoples and/or, and after the Arab invasions of North Africa in the 7th century, descendants of slaves from the Arab Slave Trade in North Africa."}], ["Disebabkan sifat patriarkal masyarakat Arab, lelaki Arab, termasuk semasa perdagangan hamba di Afrika Utara, memperbudak wanita kulit hitam berbanding lelaki. Mereka menggunakan lebih banyak budak wanita hitam dalam perkhidmatan domestik dan pertanian daripada lelaki. Orang-orang menafsirkan Al-Quran untuk membenarkan hubungan seks antara seorang lelaki lelaki dan hamba perempuannya di luar perkahwinan (lihat Ma malakat aymanukum dan seks), yang membawa kepada banyak anak bangsa campuran. Apabila seorang wanita yang diperbudak hamil dengan anak tiri Arabnya, dia dianggap sebagai umm walad atau \"ibu seorang anak\", status yang memberikan hak istimewa kepadanya. Kanak-kanak itu diberikan hak harta pusaka kepada harta milik bapa, maka anak-anak bangsa campuran boleh berkongsi apa-apa kekayaan bapa. Kerana masyarakat itu patrilineal, anak-anak mengambil status sosial ayah mereka pada saat lahir dan dilahirkan bebas. <> Siapa yang telah diperbudak lebih kerap? || wanita hitam <> Apa yang digunakan oleh budak perempuan? || perkhidmatan domestik dan pertanian <> Apa yang dibenarkan oleh Al-Quran? || hubungan seks antara tuan lelaki dan hamba perempuannya <> Apa istilah bagi hamba yang hamil? || umm walad <> Apa maksud umm walad? || \"ibu seorang anak\"", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was enslaved more often?", "id": "57064fb952bb8914006899d6", "answers": [{"text": "black women", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were female slaves used for?", "id": "57064fb952bb8914006899d7", "answers": [{"text": "domestic service and agriculture", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Qur'an permit?", "id": "57064fb952bb8914006899d8", "answers": [{"text": "sexual relations between a male master and his female slave", "answer_start": 267}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the term for a pregnant slave?", "id": "57064fb952bb8914006899d9", "answers": [{"text": "umm walad", "answer_start": 511}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does umm walad mean?", "id": "57064fb952bb8914006899da", "answers": [{"text": "\"mother of a child\"", "answer_start": 524}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Due to the patriarchal nature of Arab society, Arab men, including during the slave trade in North Africa, enslaved more black women than men. They used more black female slaves in domestic service and agriculture than males. The men interpreted the Qur'an to permit sexual relations between a male master and his female slave outside of marriage (see Ma malakat aymanukum and sex), leading to many mixed-race children. When an enslaved woman became pregnant with her Arab master's child, she was considered as umm walad or \"mother of a child\", a status that granted her privileged rights. The child was given rights of inheritance to the father's property, so mixed-race children could share in any wealth of the father. Because the society was patrilineal, the children took their fathers' social status at birth and were born free."}], ["Orang hitam adalah istilah yang digunakan di negara-negara tertentu, sering dalam sistem berasaskan sosial klasifikasi kaum atau etnik, untuk menggambarkan orang yang dianggap berkulit hitam berbanding dengan penduduk lain yang diberikan. Oleh itu, makna ungkapan itu berbeza secara meluas di antara dan di dalam masyarakat, dan bergantung kepada konteksnya dengan ketara. Bagi kebanyakan individu, komuniti dan negara lain, \"hitam\" juga dianggap sebagai label penyangkalan, ketinggalan zaman, redun atau tidak mewakili, dan hasilnya tidak digunakan atau ditakrifkan. <> Adakah beberapa negara mempunyai perasaan negatif terhadap perkataan \"hitam\"? || komuniti dan negara, \"hitam\" juga dilihat sebagai penghinaan, <> Apakah \"orang kulit hitam\" istilah untuk? || klasifikasi kaum atau etnik <> Adakah semua wilayah menyangka bahawa istilah \"orang kulit hitam\" sama? || makna ungkapan berbeza-beza antara kedua-dua dan dalam masyarakat <> Adakah beberapa budaya tidak menggunakan istilah \"Orang hitam\"? || , \"hitam\" juga dianggap sebagai label penyangkalan, ketinggalan zaman, reduktif atau sebaliknya tidak diwakili, <> Bisakah istilah \"orang kulit hitam\" mempunyai makna yang berbeza? || makna ungkapan itu berbeza secara meluas di antara dan di dalam masyarakat, dan bergantung kepada konteksnya dengan ketara.", {"qas": [{"question": "Do some countries have negative feelings towards the word \"black\"?", "id": "5705ca3352bb89140068962e", "answers": [{"text": "communities and countries, \"black\" is also perceived as a derogatory,", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is \"black people\" a term for?", "id": "5705ca3352bb89140068962f", "answers": [{"text": "racial classification or of ethnicity", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Do all regions perceive that term \"black people\" the same?", "id": "5705ca3352bb891400689630", "answers": [{"text": "the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within societies", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Do some cultures not use the term \"Black people\"?", "id": "5705ca3352bb891400689631", "answers": [{"text": ", \"black\" is also perceived as a derogatory, outdated, reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label,", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Can the term \"black people\" have different meanings?", "id": "5705ca3352bb891400689632", "answers": [{"text": "the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within societies, and depends significantly on context.", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Black people is a term used in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity, to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other given populations. As such, the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within societies, and depends significantly on context. For many other individuals, communities and countries, \"black\" is also perceived as a derogatory, outdated, reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label, and as a result is neither used nor defined."}], ["Masyarakat yang berbeza memohon kriteria berbeza mengenai siapa yang diklasifikasikan sebagai \"hitam\", dan pembinaan sosial ini juga berubah dari masa ke masa. Di beberapa negara, pembolehubah masyarakat mempengaruhi klasifikasi seperti warna kulit, dan kriteria sosial untuk \"kegelapan\" berbeza-beza. Sebagai contoh, di Amerika Utara, istilah orang kulit hitam tidak semestinya merupakan penunjuk warna kulit atau keturunan etnik majoriti, tetapi sebaliknya adalah klasifikasi kaum berdasarkan sosial yang berkaitan dengan menjadi Amerika Afrika, dengan sejarah keluarga yang dikaitkan dengan perhambaan yang dilembagakan. Di Afrika Selatan dan Amerika Latin, misalnya, orang-orang kaum campuran secara umum tidak dikelaskan sebagai \"hitam.\" Di kawasan Pasifik Selatan seperti Australia dan Melanesia, penjajah Eropah menggunakan istilah \"hitam\" atau digunakan oleh populasi dengan sejarah yang berbeza dan asal etnik. <> Adakah semua masyarakat menggunakan istilah \"hitam\" yang sama? || Masyarakat yang berbeza memohon kriteria berbeza mengenai siapa yang diklasifikasikan sebagai \"hitam\" <> Faktor apa yang boleh mempengaruhi klasifikasi \"kegelapan\"? || pembolehubah masyarakat <> Adakah orang bangsa campuran dikelaskan sebagai hitam? || Orang yang bercampur-campur biasanya tidak diklasifikasikan sebagai \"hitam.\" <> Bagaimana istilah \"hitam\" ditakrifkan di Amerika Syarikat? || ia bukannya klasifikasi kaum berdasarkan sosial yang berkaitan dengan menjadi Afrika Amerika, dengan sejarah keluarga yang dikaitkan dengan perhambaan yang dilembagakan. <> Bagaimana penjajah Eropah menggunakan istilah \"Hitam\"? || Penjajah Eropah menggunakan istilah \"hitam\" atau digunakan oleh penduduk dengan sejarah yang berbeza dan asal etniknya.", {"qas": [{"question": "Do all societies use the term \"black\" the same?", "id": "5706477d75f01819005e7af4", "answers": [{"text": "Different societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as \"black\"", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What factors can affect the classification of \"blackness\"?", "id": "5706477d75f01819005e7af5", "answers": [{"text": "societal variables", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Are mixed race people classified as black?", "id": "5706477d75f01819005e7af6", "answers": [{"text": "mixed-race people are generally not classified as \"black.\"", "answer_start": 611}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is the term \"black\" defined in the United States?", "id": "5706477d75f01819005e7af7", "answers": [{"text": "it is instead a socially based racial classification related to being African American, with a family history associated with institutionalized slavery.", "answer_start": 409}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did European Colonists use the term \"Black\"?", "id": "5706477d75f01819005e7af8", "answers": [{"text": "European colonists applied the term \"black\" or it was used by populations with different histories and ethnic origin.", "answer_start": 728}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Different societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as \"black\", and these social constructs have also changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, and the social criteria for \"blackness\" vary. For example, in North America the term black people is not necessarily an indicator of skin color or majority ethnic ancestry, but it is instead a socially based racial classification related to being African American, with a family history associated with institutionalized slavery. In South Africa and Latin America, for instance, mixed-race people are generally not classified as \"black.\" In South Pacific regions such as Australia and Melanesia, European colonists applied the term \"black\" or it was used by populations with different histories and ethnic origin."}], ["Alan Dershowitz menggambarkan Sudan sebagai contoh kerajaan yang \"benar-benar berhak\" singkatan \"apartheid.\" Bekas Menteri Kehakiman Kanada, Irwin Cotler memuji tuduhan tersebut. <> Siapa Menteri Keadilan Kanada? || Irwin Cotler <> Bagaimana Alan Dershozitz menggambarkan Sudan? || contoh kerajaan yang \"benar-benar berhak\" singkatan \"apartheid.\" <> Siapa yang diasaskan dengan Dershowitz? || Irwin Cotler <> Di manakah Irwin Cotler hidup? || Kanada", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the Canadian Minister of Justice?", "id": "5706621052bb891400689a04", "answers": [{"text": "Irwin Cotler", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did Alan Dershozitz describe the Sudan?", "id": "5706621052bb891400689a05", "answers": [{"text": "an example of a government that \"actually deserve(s)\" the appellation \"apartheid.\"", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who argeed with Dershowitz?", "id": "5706621052bb891400689a06", "answers": [{"text": "Irwin Cotler", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Irwin Cotler live?", "id": "5706621052bb891400689a07", "answers": [{"text": "Canadian", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Alan Dershowitz described Sudan as an example of a government that \"actually deserve(s)\" the appellation \"apartheid.\" Former Canadian Minister of Justice Irwin Cotler echoed the accusation."}], ["Semasa era aparteid, mereka yang dikategorikan sebagai \"Berwarna\" ditindas dan diskriminasi. Tetapi, mereka mempunyai hak terhad dan keseluruhannya mempunyai keadaan sosioekonomi yang lebih baik daripada yang dikategorikan sebagai \"Hitam\". Kerajaan mengharuskan Blacks and Colours tinggal di kawasan terpisah dari orang kulit putih, membuat perbandaran besar yang terletak jauh dari kota-kota sebagai daerah untuk Blacks. <> Siapa yang ditindas dan diskriminasi? || yang digolongkan sebagai \"Berwarna\" <> Era apa yang berlaku diskriminasi ini? || Semasa era apartheid <> Siapa yang \"berwarna\" orang di atas dalam sistem kelas? || yang dikategorikan sebagai \"Hitam\" <> Di manakah kawasan \"hitam\"? || bandar-bandar besar yang terletak jauh dari bandar-bandar", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was oppressed and discriminated against?", "id": "57069fe575f01819005e7c68", "answers": [{"text": "those classed as \"Coloured\"", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What era did this discrimination take place?", "id": "57069fe575f01819005e7c69", "answers": [{"text": "During the apartheid era", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who were \"Coloured\" people above in the class system?", "id": "57069fe575f01819005e7c6a", "answers": [{"text": "those classed as \"Black\"", "answer_start": 187}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the \"black\" areas?", "id": "57069fe575f01819005e7c6b", "answers": [{"text": "large townships located away from the cities", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the apartheid era, those classed as \"Coloured\" were oppressed and discriminated against. But, they had limited rights and overall had slightly better socioeconomic conditions than those classed as \"Black\". The government required that Blacks and Coloureds live in areas separate from Whites, creating large townships located away from the cities as areas for Blacks."}], ["Selain daripada penampilan, \"Berwarna\" biasanya boleh dibezakan daripada \"Hitam\" oleh bahasa. Kebanyakan berbahasa Afrikaans atau bahasa Inggeris sebagai bahasa pertama, bertentangan dengan bahasa Bantu seperti Zulu atau Xhosa. Mereka juga cenderung mempunyai nama-nama yang lebih baik daripada nama Bantu. <> Apa cara lain \"Berwarna\" boleh dibezakan daripada \"Hitam\"? || bahasa <> bahasa apa yang paling biasa? || Afrikaans atau Bahasa Inggeris <> Bahasa apa yang kurang digunakan? || Zulu atau Xhosa <> Apakah jenis nama yang \"berwarna\" mempunyai? || Nama-nama yang berbunyi Eropah <> Nama jenis apa yang ada \"orang kulit hitam\"? || Bantu nama", {"qas": [{"question": "What is another way \"Coloureds\" can be distinguished from \"Blacks\"?", "id": "5706ab5375f01819005e7cf6", "answers": [{"text": "language", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What languages are most common?", "id": "5706ab5375f01819005e7cf7", "answers": [{"text": "Afrikaans or English", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are less common languages spoken?", "id": "5706ab5375f01819005e7cf8", "answers": [{"text": "Zulu or Xhosa", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What types of names do \"coloureds\" have?", "id": "5706ab5375f01819005e7cf9", "answers": [{"text": "European-sounding names", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of names do \"blacks\" have?", "id": "5706ab5375f01819005e7cfa", "answers": [{"text": "Bantu names", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Other than by appearance, \"Coloureds\" can usually be distinguished from \"Blacks\" by language. Most speak Afrikaans or English as a first language, as opposed to Bantu languages such as Zulu or Xhosa. They also tend to have more European-sounding names than Bantu names."}], ["Ahli ekonomi Amerika Syarikat, George Ayittey menuduh pemerintah Arab Sudan mengamalkan tindakan perkauman terhadap warga kulit hitam. Menurut Ayittey, \"Di Sudan ... orang Arab memonopoli kuasa dan dikecualikan orang kulit hitam - apartheid Arab.\" Banyak pengulas Afrika menyertai Ayittey menuduh Sudan mengamalkan apartheid Arab. <> Siapa yang menuduh kerajaan Arab mengamalkan tindakan perkauman? || George Ayittey <> Siapa yang melaksanakan apartheid? || kerajaan Arab <> Siapa yang dikecualikan? || hitam <> Di manakah mereka? || Sudan <> Apakah profesion George Ayittey? || ahli ekonomi", {"qas": [{"question": "Who accused the Arab government of practicing acts of racism?", "id": "5706602375f01819005e7b88", "answers": [{"text": "George Ayittey", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who executed the apartheid?", "id": "5706602375f01819005e7b89", "answers": [{"text": "the Arab government", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was excluded?", "id": "5706602375f01819005e7b8a", "answers": [{"text": "blacks", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were they?", "id": "5706602375f01819005e7b8b", "answers": [{"text": "Sudan", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is George Ayittey's profession? ", "id": "5706602375f01819005e7b8c", "answers": [{"text": "economist", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "American University economist George Ayittey accused the Arab government of Sudan of practicing acts of racism against black citizens. According to Ayittey, \"In Sudan... the Arabs monopolized power and excluded blacks \u2013 Arab apartheid.\" Many African commentators joined Ayittey in accusing Sudan of practising Arab apartheid."}], ["Pada tahun 2008, Mahkamah Tinggi di Afrika Selatan memutuskan bahawa warga Afrika Selatan Cina yang menjadi penduduk semasa era apartheid (dan keturunan mereka) diklasifikasikan sebagai \"Orang Hitam,\" semata-mata untuk tujuan mendapatkan faedah tindakan afirmatif, kerana mereka juga \"kurang bernasib baik\" oleh diskriminasi kaum. Orang Cina yang tiba di negara ini selepas berakhirnya apartheid tidak layak mendapat faedah sedemikian. <> Siapa yang mengisytiharkan Cina Selatan Afrika sebagai \"Orang Hitam\"? || Mahkamah Tinggi di Afrika Selatan <> Tahun apakah peraturan ini berlaku? || 2008 <> Mengapa klasifikasi ini dibuat? || semata-mata untuk tujuan mengakses faedah tindakan afirmatif <> Apa yang orang Cina tidak memenuhi syarat untuk faedah? || Orang Cina yang tiba di negara ini selepas berakhirnya apartheid <> Mengapa sesetengah warga China layak mendapat faedah? || mereka juga \"kurang bernasib baik\" oleh diskriminasi kaum.", {"qas": [{"question": "Who declared Chinese South Africans as \"Black People\"?", "id": "5706a58a75f01819005e7cb6", "answers": [{"text": "the High Court in South Africa", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did this ruling happen?", "id": "5706a58a75f01819005e7cb7", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why was this classification made?", "id": "5706a58a75f01819005e7cb8", "answers": [{"text": "solely for the purposes of accessing affirmative action benefits", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What Chinese people did not qualify for benefits?", "id": "5706a58a75f01819005e7cb9", "answers": [{"text": "Chinese people who arrived in the country after the end of apartheid", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did some Chinese citizens qualify for benefits? ", "id": "5706a58a75f01819005e7cba", "answers": [{"text": "they were also \"disadvantaged\" by racial discrimination.", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2008, the High Court in South Africa ruled that Chinese South Africans who were residents during the apartheid era (and their descendants) are to be reclassified as \"Black people,\" solely for the purposes of accessing affirmative action benefits, because they were also \"disadvantaged\" by racial discrimination. Chinese people who arrived in the country after the end of apartheid do not qualify for such benefits."}], ["Sandra Laing adalah seorang wanita Afrika Selatan yang dikelaskan sebagai Berwarna oleh pihak berkuasa semasa zaman apartheid, kerana warna kulit dan tekstur rambutnya, walaupun ibu bapanya dapat membuktikan sekurang-kurangnya tiga generasi leluhur Eropah. Pada usia 10, dia diusir dari sekolahnya yang putih. Keputusan para pegawai yang didasarkan pada penampilannya yang anomali mengganggu kehidupan keluarganya dan dewasa. Dia menjadi subjek filem filem dramatik Biografi 2008, yang memenangi pelbagai anugerah. <> Siapa yang dipaparkan dalam filem \"Kulit\"? || Sandra Laing <> Tahun apa filem \"Kulit\" dibuat? || 2008 <> Pada usia adalah Sandra Laing diusir dari sekolah? || umur 10 <> Apa kaum etnik Sandra Laing? || Afrika Selatan <> Berapa banyak generasi keturunan Eropah mempunyai Sandra Laing? || tiga", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was featured in the movie \"Skin\"?", "id": "57069d2c75f01819005e7c4a", "answers": [{"text": "Sandra Laing", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the movie \"Skin\" made?", "id": "57069d2c75f01819005e7c4b", "answers": [{"text": "2008", "answer_start": 412}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At was age was Sandra Laing expelled from school?", "id": "57069d2c75f01819005e7c4c", "answers": [{"text": "age 10", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Sandra Laing's ethnicity? ", "id": "57069d2c75f01819005e7c4d", "answers": [{"text": "South African", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many generations of European Ancestors does Sandra Laing have?", "id": "57069d2c75f01819005e7c4e", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Sandra Laing is a South African woman who was classified as Coloured by authorities during the apartheid era, due to her skin colour and hair texture, although her parents could prove at least three generations of European ancestors. At age 10, she was expelled from her all-white school. The officials' decisions based on her anomalous appearance disrupted her family and adult life. She was the subject of the 2008 biographical dramatic film Skin, which won numerous awards."}], ["Birokrasi apartheid menyusun kriteria kompleks (dan sering sewenang-wenangnya) dalam Akta Pendaftaran Penduduk pada tahun 1945 untuk menentukan siapa yang berada di mana kumpulan itu. Pegawai minor menguruskan ujian untuk menguatkuasakan klasifikasi. Apabila ia tidak jelas dari penampilan fizikal seseorang sama ada individu harus dipertimbangkan Berwarna atau Hitam, \"ujian pensil\" digunakan. Pensel dimasukkan ke dalam rambut seseorang untuk menentukan sama ada rambut itu cukup keriting untuk memegang pensil, dan bukannya melaluinya, seperti rambutnya yang licin. Jika ya, orang itu dikelaskan sebagai Hitam. Pengelasan tersebut kadang kala dibahagi keluarga. <> Apakah tindakan yang menentukan kelas apa warganegara milik? || Akta Pendaftaran Penduduk 1945 <> Ujian apa yang digunakan untuk menentukan sama ada seseorang berwarna atau hitam? || ujian pensil <> Bagaimana ujian pensil berfungsi? || Pensel dimasukkan ke dalam rambut seseorang untuk menentukan sama ada rambutnya cukup keriting untuk memegang pensil <> Siapa yang mentadbir \"Ujian Pensil\"? || Pegawai kecil", {"qas": [{"question": "What act determined what class a citizen belonged to?", "id": "5706939352bb891400689a94", "answers": [{"text": "the Population Registration Act of 1945", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What test was used to determine if someone was coloured or black?", "id": "5706939352bb891400689a95", "answers": [{"text": "pencil test", "answer_start": 349}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did the pencil test work?", "id": "5706939352bb891400689a96", "answers": [{"text": "A pencil was inserted into a person's hair to determine if the hair was kinky enough to hold the pencil", "answer_start": 372}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who administered the \"Pencil Test\"?", "id": "5706939352bb891400689a97", "answers": [{"text": "Minor officials", "answer_start": 158}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The apartheid bureaucracy devised complex (and often arbitrary) criteria in the Population Registration Act of 1945 to determine who belonged in which group. Minor officials administered tests to enforce the classifications. When it was unclear from a person's physical appearance whether the individual should be considered Coloured or Black, the \"pencil test\" was used. A pencil was inserted into a person's hair to determine if the hair was kinky enough to hold the pencil, rather than having it pass through, as it would with smoother hair. If so, the person was classified as Black. Such classifications sometimes divided families."}], ["Ahli-ahli sejarah menganggarkan bahawa antara kedatangan Islam pada 650CE dan penghapusan perhambaan di Semenanjung Arab pada pertengahan abad ke-20, 10 hingga 18 juta orang Afrika sub-Sahara hitam telah diperbudak oleh pedagang hamba Arab dan diangkut ke Semenanjung Arab dan negara-negara jiran . Nombor ini jauh melebihi jumlah budak yang dibawa ke Amerika. Beberapa faktor mempengaruhi keterlihatan keturunan diaspora ini dalam masyarakat Arab abad ke-21: Para peniaga mengangkut lebih banyak budak perempuan daripada laki-laki, kerana ada permintaan mereka untuk berkhidmat sebagai selir dalam harem di Semenanjung Arab dan negara-negara jiran. Hamba lelaki telah dikebumikan untuk berkhidmat sebagai pengawal harem. Jumlah kematian budak Hitam Afrika dari buruh paksa adalah tinggi. Anak bangsa campuran kaum budak perempuan dan pemilik Arab diasimilasikan ke dalam keluarga pemilik Arab di bawah sistem kekeluargaan patrilineal. Akibatnya, beberapa komuniti hitam Afro-Arab yang tersendiri telah terselamat di Semenanjung Arab dan negara-negara jiran. <> Berapa ramai orang Afrika sub-Sahara yang telah diperhamba? || 10 hingga 18 juta <> Dalam apa tempoh masa orang-orang ini diperhambakan? || antara kedatangan Islam pada 650CE dan penghapusan perhambaan di Semenanjung Arab pada pertengahan abad ke-20 <> Siapa yang memperbudak orang-orang ini? || Peniaga-peniaga hamba Arab <> Mengapa hamba wanita lebih popular? || untuk mereka berkhidmat sebagai selir <> yang telah diasimilasikan ke dalam keluarga pemilik hamba Arab? || Anak bangsa campuran campuran budak perempuan dan pemilik Arab", {"qas": [{"question": "How many sub-Saharan Black Africans were enslaved?", "id": "5706ac8d52bb891400689b66", "answers": [{"text": "10 to 18 million", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what time frame were these people enslaved?", "id": "5706ac8d52bb891400689b67", "answers": [{"text": "between the advent of Islam in 650CE and the abolition of slavery in the Arabian Peninsula in the mid-20th century", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who enslaved these people?", "id": "5706ac8d52bb891400689b68", "answers": [{"text": "Arab slave traders", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why were women slaves more popular?", "id": "5706ac8d52bb891400689b69", "answers": [{"text": "for them to serve as concubines", "answer_start": 544}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was assimilated into the Arab slave owner families?", "id": "5706ac8d52bb891400689b6a", "answers": [{"text": "The mixed-race children of female slaves and Arab owners", "answer_start": 767}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Historians estimate that between the advent of Islam in 650CE and the abolition of slavery in the Arabian Peninsula in the mid-20th century, 10 to 18 million sub-Saharan Black Africans were enslaved by Arab slave traders and transported to the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. This number far exceeded the number of slaves who were taken to the Americas. Several factors affected the visibility of descendants of this diaspora in 21st-century Arab societies: The traders shipped more female slaves than males, as there was a demand for them to serve as concubines in harems in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. Male slaves were castrated in order to serve as harem guards. The death toll of Black African slaves from forced labor was high. The mixed-race children of female slaves and Arab owners were assimilated into the Arab owners' families under the patrilineal kinship system. As a result, few distinctive Afro-Arab black communities have survived in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries."}], ["Dalam era selepas aparteid, Perlembagaan Afrika Selatan telah mengisytiharkan negara itu sebagai \"demokrasi bukan ras\". Dalam usaha untuk menghapuskan ketidakadilan yang berlaku, kerajaan ANC telah memperkenalkan undang-undang yang menyokong dasar tindakan afirmatif untuk Blacks; di bawah ini mereka mendefinisikan orang \"Hitam\" untuk memasukkan \"Afrika\", \"Berwarna\" dan \"Asia\". Sesetengah dasar tindakan afirmatif memihak \"orang Afrika\" ke atas \"Berwarna\" dari segi kelayakan untuk faedah tertentu. Sesetengah Afrika Selatan dikategorikan sebagai \"Afrika Hitam\" mengatakan bahawa \"Coloreds\" tidak menderita sebanyak yang mereka lakukan semasa apartheid. \"Berwarna\" Afrika Selatan diketahui membincangkan dilema mereka dengan mengatakan, \"kami tidak cukup putih di bawah apartheid, dan kami tidak cukup hitam di bawah ANC (Kongres Nasional Afrika).\" Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh Perlembagaan Afrika Selatan Nyatakan? || \"Demokrasi bukan ras\" <> Undang-undang apa yang mereka memperkenalkan untuk menyokong orang kulit hitam? || dasar tindakan afirmatif <> Siapa kata istilah \"hitam\"? || \"Afrika\", \"Berwarna\" dan \"Asia\" <> Siapa yang membuat orang \"Berwarna\" berasa \"Tidak cukup hitam\"? || ANC (Kongres Kebangsaan Afrika) <> Siapa yang lebih disukai di bawah dasar tindakan afirmatif? || \"Afrika", {"qas": [{"question": "What did South Africa's Constitution Declare to be?", "id": "5706a30b75f01819005e7c8e", "answers": [{"text": "a \"Non-racial democracy\"", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What laws did they introduce to support blacks?", "id": "5706a30b75f01819005e7c8f", "answers": [{"text": "affirmative action policies", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who does the term \"black\" people include?", "id": "5706a30b75f01819005e7c90", "answers": [{"text": "\"Africans\", \"Coloureds\" and \"Asians\"", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who makes the \"Coloured\" people feel \"Not black enough\"?", "id": "5706a30b75f01819005e7c91", "answers": [{"text": "ANC (African National Congress)", "answer_start": 729}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is favored more under the affirmative action policies? ", "id": "5706a30b75f01819005e7c92", "answers": [{"text": "\"Africans", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the post-apartheid era, the Constitution of South Africa has declared the country to be a \"Non-racial democracy\". In an effort to redress past injustices, the ANC government has introduced laws in support of affirmative action policies for Blacks; under these they define \"Black\" people to include \"Africans\", \"Coloureds\" and \"Asians\". Some affirmative action policies favor \"Africans\" over \"Coloureds\" in terms of qualifying for certain benefits. Some South Africans categorized as \"African Black\" say that \"Coloureds\" did not suffer as much as they did during apartheid. \"Coloured\" South Africans are known to discuss their dilemma by saying, \"we were not white enough under apartheid, and we are not black enough under the ANC (African National Congress)\".[citation needed]"}], ["Di Afrika Selatan, tempoh penjajahan mengakibatkan banyak kesatuan dan perkahwinan antara lelaki Eropah dan wanita Afrika dari pelbagai suku, mengakibatkan kanak-kanak campuran. Ketika orang Eropah memperoleh wilayah dan mengenakan pemerintahan ke atas orang Afrika, mereka secara umum menolak bangsa campuran dan orang Afrika menjadi status kelas kedua. Semasa separuh pertama abad ke-20, kerajaan yang dikuasai Afrikaaner mengelaskan penduduk mengikut empat kumpulan perkauman utama: Hitam, Putih, Asia (kebanyakannya India), dan Berwarna. Kumpulan berwarna termasuk orang-orang campuran Bantu, Khoisan, dan keturunan Eropah (dengan beberapa keturunan Melayu, terutama di Cape Barat). Definisi berwarna menduduki kedudukan politik perantara antara definisi Hitam dan Putih di Afrika Selatan. Ia mengenakan sistem pengasingan kaum yang sah, kompleks undang-undang yang dikenali sebagai apartheid. <> Apa yang menyebabkan penjajahan Afrika Selatan berlaku? || banyak kesatuan dan perkahwinan antara lelaki Eropah dan wanita Afrika dari berbagai suku <> Apa hasil perkahwinan ini? || kanak-kanak bercampur-campur <> Apakah golongan Afrika dan kanak-kanak Bangsa Campuran? || kelas kedua <> Siapa yang dimasukkan ke dalam kumpulan Berwarna? || Bantu, Khoisan, dan keturunan Eropah <> Apa maksud apartheid? || sistem pengasingan kaum yang sah", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the colonization of South Africa result in?", "id": "5706931c52bb891400689a8a", "answers": [{"text": "many unions and marriages between European men and African women from various tribes", "answer_start": 56}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was a result of these marriages?", "id": "5706931c52bb891400689a8b", "answers": [{"text": "mixed-race children", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What class were Africans and Mixed Race children considered?", "id": "5706931c52bb891400689a8c", "answers": [{"text": "second-class", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was included in the Coloured group?", "id": "5706931c52bb891400689a8d", "answers": [{"text": "Bantu, Khoisan, and European descent", "answer_start": 558}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does apartheid mean?", "id": "5706931c52bb891400689a8e", "answers": [{"text": "a system of legal racial segregation", "answer_start": 791}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In South Africa, the period of colonization resulted in many unions and marriages between European men and African women from various tribes, resulting in mixed-race children. As the Europeans acquired territory and imposed rule over the Africans, they generally pushed mixed-race and Africans into second-class status. During the first half of the 20th century, the Afrikaaner-dominated government classified the population according to four main racial groups: Black, White, Asian (mostly Indian), and Coloured. The Coloured group included people of mixed Bantu, Khoisan, and European descent (with some Malay ancestry, especially in the Western Cape). The Coloured definition occupied an intermediary political position between the Black and White definitions in South Africa. It imposed a system of legal racial segregation, a complex of laws known as apartheid."}], ["Di samping itu, terdapat kira-kira 60,000 pendatang bukan Yahudi di Israel, beberapa di antaranya telah memohon suaka. Kebanyakan migran adalah dari masyarakat di Sudan dan Eritrea, terutamanya kumpulan Nuba yang berbahasa Niger-Congo di Pegunungan Nuba selatan; sesetengahnya adalah pendatang tanpa izin. <> Berapa ramai imigran Afrika bukan Yahudi tinggal di Israel? || sekitar 60,000 <> Apa yang dicari oleh para pendatang ini? || suaka <> Di manakah kebanyakan dari mereka? || Sudan dan Eritrea <> Bahasa apa yang mereka bicarakan? || Niger-Congo <> Di manakah pendatang bukan Yahudi dari? || selatan gunung Nuba", {"qas": [{"question": "How many non-jewish African immigrants live in Israel?", "id": "5706b77e0eeca41400aa0d8d", "answers": [{"text": "around 60,000", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What have these immigrants sought?", "id": "5706b77e0eeca41400aa0d8e", "answers": [{"text": "asylum", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are most of them from?", "id": "5706b77e0eeca41400aa0d8f", "answers": [{"text": "Sudan and Eritrea", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What languages do they speak?", "id": "5706b77e0eeca41400aa0d90", "answers": [{"text": "Niger-Congo", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are the non jewish immigrants from?", "id": "5706b77e0eeca41400aa0d91", "answers": [{"text": "southern Nuba Mountains", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Additionally, there are around 60,000 non-Jewish African immigrants in Israel, some of whom have sought asylum. Most of the migrants are from communities in Sudan and Eritrea, particularly the Niger-Congo-speaking Nuba groups of the southern Nuba Mountains; some are illegal immigrants."}], ["Afro-orang Sepanyol adalah keturunan Sepanyol keturunan Barat / Tengah Afrika. Mereka hari ini kebanyakannya berasal dari Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Tanjung Verde, Guinea Khatulistiwa, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria dan Senegal. Di samping itu, banyak orang Afro-Spaniard yang lahir di Sepanyol berasal dari bekas jajahan Sepanyol Equatorial Guinea. Hari ini, terdapat kira-kira 683,000 orang Afro-Sepanyol di Sepanyol. <> Apakah Afro-Sepanyol? || Penduduk Sepanyol keturunan Barat / Tengah Afrika <> Di mana orang Afro-Spaniards berasal? || Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Tanjung Verde, Guinea Khatulistiwa, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria dan Senegal <> Yang koloni Spanyol yang mana Afro-Spaniards tinggal? || Guinea Khatulistiwa <> Berapa banyak orang Afro-Sepanyol yang kini tinggal di Sepanyol? || anggaran 683,000", {"qas": [{"question": "What are Afro-Spaniards?", "id": "5706c0ba2eaba6190074ace6", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do Afro-Spaniards come from?", "id": "5706c0ba2eaba6190074ace7", "answers": [{"text": "Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Spanish colony do Afro-Spaniards reside?", "id": "5706c0ba2eaba6190074ace8", "answers": [{"text": "Equatorial Guinea", "answer_start": 295}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many Afro-Spaniards currently live in Spain?", "id": "5706c0ba2eaba6190074ace9", "answers": [{"text": "an estimated 683,000", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Afro-Spaniards are Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent. They today mainly come from Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Additionally, many Afro-Spaniards born in Spain are from the former Spanish colony Equatorial Guinea. Today, there are an estimated 683,000 Afro-Spaniards in Spain."}], ["Isidore dari Seville, yang menulis pada abad ke-7, mendakwa bahawa perkataan Latin Maurus berasal dari mauron Yunani, \u03bc\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd, yang merupakan kata Yunani untuk hitam. Sesungguhnya, ketika Isidore dari Seville datang untuk menulis Etimologinya, kata Maurus atau \"Moor\" telah menjadi kata sifat dalam bahasa Latin, \"untuk orang Yunani memanggil hitam, mauron\". \"Pada hari Isidore, Moors hitam dengan definisi ...\" <> Siapa yang mendakwa Maurus berasal dari mauron Yunani? || Isidore of Seville <> Bilakah tuntutan ini dibuat? || Abad ke-7, <> Apa maksud mauron? || hitam <> Apa penyusunan kerja Isidore dari Seville? || Etymologies <> Apa itu \"Black by definition\"? || Moors", {"qas": [{"question": "Who claimed that Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron?", "id": "5706bfe52eaba6190074acdc", "answers": [{"text": "Isidore of Seville", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was this claim made?", "id": "5706bfe52eaba6190074acdd", "answers": [{"text": "7th century,", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does mauron mean?", "id": "5706bfe52eaba6190074acde", "answers": [{"text": "black", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the compilation of Isidore of Seville's work called?", "id": "5706bfe52eaba6190074acdf", "answers": [{"text": "Etymologies", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was \"Black by definition\"?", "id": "5706bfe52eaba6190074ace0", "answers": [{"text": "Moors", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Isidore of Seville, writing in the 7th century, claimed that the Latin word Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron, \u03bc\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd, which is the Greek word for black. Indeed, by the time Isidore of Seville came to write his Etymologies, the word Maurus or \"Moor\" had become an adjective in Latin, \"for the Greeks call black, mauron\". \"In Isidore\u2019s day, Moors were black by definition\u2026\""}], ["Istilah \"Moors\" telah digunakan di Eropah dalam erti kata yang lebih luas, yang merendahkan diri untuk merujuk kepada umat Islam, terutama keturunan Arab atau Berber, sama ada tinggal di Afrika Utara atau Iberia. Moors bukanlah orang yang jelas atau tersendiri. Orang zaman moden zaman pertengahan dan awal menggunakan nama itu untuk Arab Muslim, Berbers, Afrika Hitam dan Eropah. <> Apakah istilah \"Moors\" merujuk kepada? || Umat Islam <> Apakah keturunan Muslim yang merujuk kepada \"Moors\"? || Arab atau Berber keturunan <> Pada zaman pertengahan dan awal Eropah moden apa etnik disatukan? || Arab Muslim, Berber, Afrika Hitam dan Eropah <> Di mana \"Moors\" berhijrah dari? || Afrika Utara atau Iberia <> Istilah macam mana \"Moors\"? || menghina", {"qas": [{"question": "What does the term \"Moors\" refer to?", "id": "5706beac0eeca41400aa0df1", "answers": [{"text": "Muslims", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What descent of Muslims does \"Moors\" refer to?", "id": "5706beac0eeca41400aa0df2", "answers": [{"text": "Arab or Berber descent", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Medieval and early Modern Europe what ethnicity were lumped together?", "id": "5706beac0eeca41400aa0df3", "answers": [{"text": "Muslim Arabs, Berbers, Black Africans and Europeans", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did \"Moors\" migrate from?", "id": "5706beac0eeca41400aa0df4", "answers": [{"text": "North Africa or Iberia", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of term is \"Moors\"?", "id": "5706beac0eeca41400aa0df5", "answers": [{"text": "derogatory", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The term \"Moors\" has been used in Europe in a broader, somewhat derogatory sense to refer to Muslims, especially those of Arab or Berber descent, whether living in North Africa or Iberia. Moors were not a distinct or self-defined people. Medieval and early modern Europeans applied the name to Muslim Arabs, Berbers, Black Africans and Europeans alike."}], ["Kajian-kajian genetik telah menemui aliran gen-mediasi wanita yang signifikan di kalangan masyarakat Arab di Semenanjung Arab dan negara-negara jiran, dengan purata 38% keturunan ibu di Yemen adalah keturunan Afrika yang langsung, 16% di Oman-Qatar, dan 10% Arab Saudi-Emiriah Arab Bersatu. <> Berapa ramai orang di Yaman mempunyai keturunan Afrika? || purata 38% <> Berapa ramai orang di Oman-Qatar mempunyai keturunan Afrika? || 16% <> Berapa ramai orang di Arab Saudi-Uni Emirat Arab mempunyai garis keturunan Afrika? || 10% <> Kajian genetik telah menemui gen di komuniti Arab? || Gen wanita yang ditengah-tengah", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people in Yemen have African lineage? ", "id": "5706ad8c52bb891400689b70", "answers": [{"text": "average of 38%", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people in Oman-Qatar have African lineage?", "id": "5706ad8c52bb891400689b71", "answers": [{"text": "16%", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many people in Saudi Arabia-United Arab Emirates have African lineage?", "id": "5706ad8c52bb891400689b72", "answers": [{"text": "10%", "answer_start": 252}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Genetic studies have found which gene in Arab communities?", "id": "5706ad8c52bb891400689b73", "answers": [{"text": "African female-mediated gene", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Genetic studies have found significant African female-mediated gene flow in Arab communities in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries, with an average of 38% of maternal lineages in Yemen are of direct African descent, 16% in Oman-Qatar, and 10% in Saudi Arabia-United Arab Emirates."}], ["Negritos dipercayai penduduk pertama di Asia Tenggara. Apabila mendiami Taiwan, Vietnam, dan pelbagai bahagian lain di Asia, mereka kini hanya terhad kepada Thailand, Kepulauan Melayu, dan Kepulauan Andaman dan Nicobar. Negrito bermaksud \"orang-orang hitam kecil\" dalam bahasa Sepanyol (negrito ialah orang Sepanyol yang kurang bernama negro, iaitu \"orang kecil hitam\"); ia adalah apa yang dipanggil orang-orang Sepanyol, autochthones pemburu, yang mereka temui di Filipina. Walaupun demikian, Negritos tidak pernah disebut sebagai hitam hari ini, dan berbuat demikian akan menyebabkan pelanggaran. Istilah Negrito sendiri telah mendapat kritikan di negara-negara seperti Malaysia, di mana ia kini boleh ditukar dengan Semang yang lebih dapat diterima, walaupun istilah ini sebenarnya merujuk kepada kumpulan tertentu. Kata umum Thai untuk Negritos harfiah bermaksud \"rambut keriting\". <> Siapa penduduk pertama Asia Tenggara? || The Negritos <> Di mana Negritos tinggal sekarang? || Thailand, Kepulauan Melayu, dan Kepulauan Andaman dan Nicobar. <> Apa maksud Negrito? || \"orang kulit hitam\" <> Bahasa apa istilah Negrito berasal? || Bahasa Sepanyol <> Istilah apa yang boleh ditukar dengan Negrito? || Semang", {"qas": [{"question": "Who were the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia?", "id": "5706bddb0eeca41400aa0ddd", "answers": [{"text": "The Negritos", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do the Negritos reside currently?", "id": "5706bddb0eeca41400aa0dde", "answers": [{"text": "Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Negrito mean?", "id": "5706bddb0eeca41400aa0ddf", "answers": [{"text": "\"little black people\"", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language does the term Negrito come from?", "id": "5706bddb0eeca41400aa0de0", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term is interchangable with Negrito?", "id": "5706bddb0eeca41400aa0de1", "answers": [{"text": "Semang", "answer_start": 718}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Negritos are believed to be the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia. Once inhabiting Taiwan, Vietnam, and various other parts of Asia, they are now confined primarily to Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Negrito means \"little black people\" in Spanish (negrito is the Spanish diminutive of negro, i.e., \"little black person\"); it is what the Spaniards called the short-statured, hunter-gatherer autochthones that they encountered in the Philippines. Despite this, Negritos are never referred to as black today, and doing so would cause offense. The term Negrito itself has come under criticism in countries like Malaysia, where it is now interchangeable with the more acceptable Semang, although this term actually refers to a specific group. The common Thai word for Negritos literally means \"frizzy hair\"."}], ["Masyarakat hitam yang dikenal pasti dan tersendiri telah dilaporkan di negara-negara seperti Iraq, dengan melaporkan 1.2 juta orang kulit hitam, dan mereka membuktikan sejarah diskriminasi. African-Iraquis telah memohon status minoriti dari kerajaan, yang akan memegang beberapa kerusi di Parlimen untuk wakil penduduknya. Menurut Alamin M. Mazrui et al., Umumnya di Semenanjung Arab dan negara-negara jiran, kebanyakan dari keturunan Afrika yang kelihatan masih diklasifikasikan dan dikenali sebagai Arab, bukan hitam. <> Siapa yang mencari status minoriti daripada kerajaan? || African-Iraquis <> Di mana mereka akan diwakili jika status minoriti diberikan? || Parlimen <> Bagaimana Afrika diklasifikasikan di Semenanjung Arab? || sebagai Arab <> Apakah jenis komuniti dilaporkan di Iraq? || Komuniti hitam tersendiri dan tersirat sendiri <> Siapa yang memberikan maklumat mengenai bagaimana orang kulit hitam diklasifikasikan di Semenanjung Arab? || Alamin M. Mazrui et al.", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is seeking minority status from the government?", "id": "5706b0492eaba6190074ac30", "answers": [{"text": "African-Iraquis", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where would they be represented if minority status is granted?", "id": "5706b0492eaba6190074ac31", "answers": [{"text": "Parliament", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are Africans classified in the Arabian Peninsula?", "id": "5706b0492eaba6190074ac32", "answers": [{"text": "as Arab", "answer_start": 512}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What types of communities have been reported in Iraq?", "id": "5706b0492eaba6190074ac33", "answers": [{"text": "Distinctive and self-identified black communities", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who gave information on how blacks were classified in the Arabian Peninsula?", "id": "5706b0492eaba6190074ac34", "answers": [{"text": "Alamin M. Mazrui et al.", "answer_start": 350}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Distinctive and self-identified black communities have been reported in countries such as Iraq, with a reported 1.2 million black people, and they attest to a history of discrimination. African-Iraquis have sought minority status from the government, which would reserve some seats in Parliament for representatives of their population. According to Alamin M. Mazrui et al., generally in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries, most of those of visible African descent are still classified and identify as Arab, not black."}], ["Siddi adalah kumpulan etnik yang mendiami India dan Pakistan yang anggotanya berasal dari masyarakat Bantu dari Afrika Tenggara yang dibawa ke benua India sebagai hamba oleh pedagang Arab dan Portugis. Walaupun secara umum ia dipercayai secara tempatan bahawa \"Siddi\" berasal dari perkataan yang bermaksud \"hitam\", istilah itu sebenarnya berasal dari \"Sayyid\", gelar yang ditanggung oleh kapten kapal Arab yang pertama membawa penduduk Siddi ke daerah itu. Di jalur Makran di wilayah Sindh dan Balochistan di barat daya Pakistan, keturunan Bantu ini dikenali sebagai Makrani. Terdapat pergerakan \"Kuasa Hitam\" yang ringkas di Sindh pada tahun 1960-an dan banyak Siddi bangga dan meraikan keturunan Afrika mereka. <> Siapa Siddi? || sebuah kumpulan etnik yang mendiami India dan Pakistan <> Siapakah yang turun dari Siddi? || Bantu orang dari Afrika Tenggara <> Apa perkataan \"Siddi\" berasal dari? || \"Sayyid\" <> Di manakah istilah Sayyid berasal? || gelaran yang ditanggung oleh kapten kapal Arab yang mula-mula membawa peneroka Siddi ke kawasan <> Kapan gerakan \"kuasa hitam\" di Sindh? || 1960-an", {"qas": [{"question": "Who are the Siddi?", "id": "5706bbd42eaba6190074acbe", "answers": [{"text": "an ethnic group inhabiting India and Pakistan", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the Siddi descend from?", "id": "5706bbd52eaba6190074acbf", "answers": [{"text": "Bantu peoples from Southeast Africa", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the word \"Siddi\" derive from?", "id": "5706bbd52eaba6190074acc0", "answers": [{"text": "\"Sayyid\"", "answer_start": 343}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the term Sayyid come from?", "id": "5706bbd52eaba6190074acc1", "answers": [{"text": "the title borne by the captains of the Arab vessels that first brought Siddi settlers to the area", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the \"black power\" movement in Sindh?", "id": "5706bbd52eaba6190074acc2", "answers": [{"text": "1960s", "answer_start": 644}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Siddi are an ethnic group inhabiting India and Pakistan whose members are descended from Bantu peoples from Southeast Africa that were brought to the Indian subcontinent as slaves by Arab and Portuguese merchants. Although it is commonly believed locally that \"Siddi\" derives from a word meaning \"black\", the term is actually derived from \"Sayyid\", the title borne by the captains of the Arab vessels that first brought Siddi settlers to the area. In the Makran strip of the Sindh and Balochistan provinces in southwestern Pakistan, these Bantu descendants are known as the Makrani. There was a brief \"Black Power\" movement in Sindh in the 1960s and many Siddi are proud of and celebrate their African ancestry."}], ["Bermula beberapa abad yang lalu, semasa zaman Empayar Uthmaniyyah, puluhan ribu orang Afrika Hitam dibawa oleh peniaga-peniaga hamba ke kawasan perkebunan dan pertanian yang terletak antara Antalya dan Istanbul di Turki saat ini. Sebahagian daripada keturunan mereka kekal di situ, dan ramai yang berhijrah ke bandar besar dan bandar. Hamba-hamba hitam yang lain diangkut ke Crete, dari mana mereka atau keturunan mereka kemudian sampai ke wilayah \u0130zmir melalui pertukaran penduduk antara Yunani dan Turki pada tahun 1923, atau secara tidak langsung dari Ayval\u0131k dalam mengejar pekerjaan. <> Bilakah perdagangan hamba bermula? || semasa tempoh Empayar Uthmaniyyah <> Di mana hamba dibawa? || Antalya dan Istanbul di Turki sekarang <> Di manakah bekas hamba pergi bekerja setelah dibebaskan? || Kawasan \u0130zmir <> Tahun berapa mereka mula berpindah ke Izmir? || 1923", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the slave trade begin?", "id": "5706baed2eaba6190074aca2", "answers": [{"text": "during the period of the Ottoman Empire", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the slaves brought?", "id": "5706baed2eaba6190074aca3", "answers": [{"text": "Antalya and Istanbul in present-day Turkey", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did former slaves go for work once freed?", "id": "5706baed2eaba6190074aca4", "answers": [{"text": "\u0130zmir area", "answer_start": 431}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did they begin to migrate to Izmir?", "id": "5706baed2eaba6190074aca5", "answers": [{"text": "1923", "answer_start": 503}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Beginning several centuries ago, during the period of the Ottoman Empire, tens of thousands of Black Africans were brought by slave traders to plantations and agricultural areas situated between Antalya and Istanbul in present-day Turkey. Some of their descendants remained in situ, and many migrated to larger cities and towns. Other blacks slaves were transported to Crete, from where they or their descendants later reached the \u0130zmir area through the population exchange between Greece and Turkey in 1923, or indirectly from Ayval\u0131k in pursuit of work."}], ["Kira-kira 150,000 orang Afrika Timur dan orang kulit hitam tinggal di Israel, berjumlah lebih dari 2% penduduk negara itu. Sebilangan besar daripada ini, kira-kira 120,000 orang, adalah Beta Israel, yang sebahagian besarnya adalah pendatang baru-baru ini yang datang pada tahun 1980-an dan 1990-an dari Ethiopia. Di samping itu, Israel adalah rumah kepada lebih daripada 5,000 orang anggota Israel Yahudi Israel dari pergerakan Yerusalem yang keturunan Afrika Amerika yang berhijrah ke Israel pada abad ke-20, dan yang tinggal di kawasan kejiranan yang berbeza di bandar Negev di Dimona. Bilangan penukaran hitam yang tidak diketahui untuk agama Yahudi tinggal di Israel, sebahagian besar daripada mereka menukar dari United Kingdom, Kanada, dan Amerika Syarikat. <> Berapa banyak orang Afrika Timur dan orang kulit hitam tinggal di Israel? || Lebih kurang 150,000 <> Berapa peratus penduduk Israel adalah hitam? || hanya lebih dari 2% <> Bilakah mereka berhijrah ke Israel? || semasa 1980-an dan 1990-an <> Di manakah mereka berhijrah dari? || Ethiopia. <> Di manakah kebanyakan penukar hitam dari? || United Kingdom, Kanada, dan Amerika Syarikat.", {"qas": [{"question": "How many East African and black people live in Israel?", "id": "5706b0e42eaba6190074ac44", "answers": [{"text": "About 150,000", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percent of Israel's population is black?", "id": "5706b0e42eaba6190074ac45", "answers": [{"text": "just over 2%", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did they migrate to Israel?", "id": "5706b0e42eaba6190074ac46", "answers": [{"text": "during the 1980s and 1990s", "answer_start": 217}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did they migrate from?", "id": "5706b0e42eaba6190074ac47", "answers": [{"text": "Ethiopia.", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are most of the black converts from?", "id": "5706b0e42eaba6190074ac48", "answers": [{"text": "the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States.", "answer_start": 619}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "About 150,000 East African and black people live in Israel, amounting to just over 2% of the nation's population. The vast majority of these, some 120,000, are Beta Israel, most of whom are recent immigrants who came during the 1980s and 1990s from Ethiopia. In addition, Israel is home to over 5,000 members of the African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem movement that are descendants of African Americans who emigrated to Israel in the 20th century, and who reside mainly in a distinct neighborhood in the Negev town of Dimona. Unknown numbers of black converts to Judaism reside in Israel, most of them converts from the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States."}], ["Oleh kerana perdagangan hamba Uthmaniyyah yang berkembang di Balkan, bandar pantai Ulcinj di Montenegro mempunyai komuniti hitamnya sendiri. Berikutan aktiviti perdagangan hamba dan aktiviti peribadi, ia diberitahu bagaimana sehingga tahun 1878 di Ulcinj 100 orang kulit hitam hidup. Tentera Uthmaniyyah juga mengerahkan kira-kira 30,000 pasukan Hitam Afrika dan pasukan kavaleri untuk ekspedisinya di Hungary semasa Perang Austro-Turki 1716-18. <> Di manakah perdagangan hamba Uthmaniyyah berkembang? || di Balkan <> Bandar apakah ia mempunyai komuniti hitam sendiri? || Ulcinj <> Negara apakah Ulcinj? || Montenegro <> Berapa banyak orang kulit hitam tinggal di Ulcinj hingga tahun 1878? || 100 <> Berapa banyak orang kulit hitam berkhidmat dalam Tentera Uthmaniyyah semasa Perang Austro-Turki 1716-18? || anggaran 30,000", {"qas": [{"question": "Where did the Ottoman slave trade flourish?", "id": "5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e17", "answers": [{"text": "in the Balkans", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What town had it's own black community?", "id": "5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e18", "answers": [{"text": "Ulcinj", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country is Ulcinj in?", "id": "5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e19", "answers": [{"text": "Montenegro", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many black people lived in Ulcinj until 1878?", "id": "5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e1a", "answers": [{"text": "100", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many blacks served in the Ottoman Army during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716-18?", "id": "5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e1b", "answers": [{"text": "an estimated 30,000", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Due to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimated 30,000 Black African troops and cavalrymen to its expedition in Hungary during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716\u201318."}], ["Dasar rasmi menjadi salah satu asimilasi biologi dan budaya: \"Hilangkan darah penuh dan izinkan admixture putih untuk setengah kasta dan akhirnya perlombaan akan menjadi putih\". Ini membawa kepada rawatan yang berbeza untuk individu \"hitam\" dan \"setengah kasta\", dengan individu yang berkulit gelap yang disasarkan untuk keluar dari keluarga mereka untuk dibesarkan sebagai orang \"putih\", terhad daripada bercakap bahasa ibunda mereka dan mengamalkan adat istiadat tradisional, kini dikenali sebagai Generasi Dicuri. <> Siapa yang mahu kerajaan dibangkitkan sebagai putih? || \"setengah kasta\" individu <> Apakah matlamat untuk menghapuskan campuran kaum dari rumah mereka? || Hilangkan darah penuh dan izinkan admixture putih untuk setengah kastil dan akhirnya perlombaan akan menjadi putih \"<> Apakah individu-individu bangsa campuran yang terus-menerus lakukan?> | Berbahasa mereka bahasa ibunda dan mengamalkan adat istiadat <> Apa proses ini dirujuk kepada | || Generasi Curi", {"qas": [{"question": "Who did the government want raised as white?", "id": "5706ce092eaba6190074ad0c", "answers": [{"text": "\"half-caste\" individuals", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the goal of removing mixed races from their homes?", "id": "5706ce092eaba6190074ad0d", "answers": [{"text": "Eliminate the full-blood and permit the white admixture to half-castes and eventually the race will become white\"", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the mixed race individuals kept from doing?", "id": "5706ce092eaba6190074ad0e", "answers": [{"text": "speaking their native language and practising traditional customs", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was this process referred to?", "id": "5706ce092eaba6190074ad0f", "answers": [{"text": "the Stolen Generation", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The official policy became one of biological and cultural assimilation: \"Eliminate the full-blood and permit the white admixture to half-castes and eventually the race will become white\". This led to different treatment for \"black\" and \"half-caste\" individuals, with lighter-skinned individuals targeted for removal from their families to be raised as \"white\" people, restricted from speaking their native language and practising traditional customs, a process now known as the Stolen Generation."}], ["Selepas Perang Dunia Pertama, bagaimanapun, menjadi jelas bahawa bilangan bangsa campuran bercampur dengan kadar yang lebih cepat daripada populasi putih, dan pada tahun 1930 ketakutan terhadap \"ancaman separuh kasta\" yang melemahkan ideal Australia Putih dari dalam adalah diambil sebagai kebimbangan yang serius. Dr. Cecil Cook, Pelindung Orang Asli Wilayah Utara, menyatakan bahawa: <> Bangsa mana yang berkembang lebih cepat selepas Perang Dunia Pertama? || bangsa-bangsa campuran <> Apa yang orang takut pada tahun 1930? || \"ancaman separuh kasta\" <> Apa yang menjejaskan ini? || The White Australia ideal <> Who noted this fears? || Dr. Cecil Cook <> Siapa Dr. Cecil Cook? || Pelindung Orang Asli Wilayah Utara,", {"qas": [{"question": "Which race was growing faster after the First World War?", "id": "5706cd480eeca41400aa0e41", "answers": [{"text": "mixed-race people", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did people fear in 1930?", "id": "5706cd480eeca41400aa0e42", "answers": [{"text": "\"half-caste menace\"", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did this menace undermine?", "id": "5706cd480eeca41400aa0e43", "answers": [{"text": "the White Australia ideal", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who noted this particular fear?", "id": "5706cd480eeca41400aa0e44", "answers": [{"text": "Dr. Cecil Cook", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is Dr. Cecil Cook?", "id": "5706cd480eeca41400aa0e45", "answers": [{"text": "the Northern Territory Protector of Natives,", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the \"half-caste menace\" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory Protector of Natives, noted that:"}], ["Apabila negara-negara Afrika menjadi bebas pada tahun 1960-an, Kesatuan Soviet memberi banyak peluang kepada mereka untuk belajar di Rusia. Dalam tempoh 40 tahun, kira-kira 400,000 pelajar Afrika dari pelbagai negara berpindah ke Rusia untuk melanjutkan pengajian tinggi, termasuk ramai orang Afrika Hitam. Ini melangkaui Kesatuan Soviet ke banyak negara di blok Timur. <> Bilakah negara-negara Afrika menjadi bebas? || 1960-an <> Siapa yang menawarkan banyak orang Afrika peluang untuk belajar di negara mereka? || Soviet Union <> Berapa ramai pelajar berpindah dari Afrika ke Rusia? || kira-kira 400,000 <> Mengapa pelajar berpindah ke Rusia? || untuk melanjutkan pengajian tinggi <> Migrasi ke Rusia terus ke banyak negara di mana? || Blok Timur.", {"qas": [{"question": "When did African states become independent?", "id": "5706c2a60eeca41400aa0e0d", "answers": [{"text": "1960s", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who offered many Africans a chance to study in their country?", "id": "5706c2a60eeca41400aa0e0e", "answers": [{"text": "Soviet Union", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many students moved from Africa to Russia?", "id": "5706c2a60eeca41400aa0e0f", "answers": [{"text": "about 400,000", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did students move to Russia?", "id": "5706c2a60eeca41400aa0e10", "answers": [{"text": "to pursue higher studies", "answer_start": 227}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Migration to Russia continued into many countries where?", "id": "5706c2a60eeca41400aa0e11", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern bloc.", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Union to many countries of the Eastern bloc."}], ["Orang asli Australia telah dirujuk sebagai \"orang kulit hitam\" di Australia sejak zaman awal penempatan Eropah. Walaupun pada asalnya berkaitan dengan warna kulit, istilah ini digunakan hari ini untuk menunjukkan keturunan Orang Asli atau Torres Strait Islander pada umumnya dan boleh merujuk kepada orang-orang dari mana-mana pigmentasi kulit. <> Siapa yang telah dirujuk sebagai \"orang kulit hitam\"? || Australians adat <> Apakah istilah asal berkaitan dengan? || Warna kulit <> Sejak bila mempunyai Orang Asli Australia dirujuk sebagai hitam? || sejak hari-hari awal penyelesaian Eropah <> Apa istilah yang berkaitan dengan mengenali sebagai rujukan kepada orang Australia? || untuk menunjukkan keturunan Orang Asli atau Torres Strait", {"qas": [{"question": "Who has been referred to as \"black people\"?", "id": "5706cb470eeca41400aa0e2f", "answers": [{"text": "Indigenous Australians", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the original term related to?", "id": "5706cb470eeca41400aa0e30", "answers": [{"text": "skin colour", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Since when have Indigenous Australians been referred to as black?", "id": "5706cb470eeca41400aa0e31", "answers": [{"text": "since the early days of European settlement", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the term relate to know in reference to Australians? ", "id": "5706cb470eeca41400aa0e32", "answers": [{"text": "to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Indigenous Australians have been referred to as \"black people\" in Australia since the early days of European settlement. While originally related to skin colour, the term is used to today to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry in general and can refer to people of any skin pigmentation."}], ["Pada tahun 1978 penulis Aborigin Kevin Gilbert telah menerima anugerah Dewan Buku Kebangsaan untuk bukunya Living Black: Blacks Talk dengan Kevin Gilbert, koleksi cerita orang Aborigin, dan pada tahun 1998 telah dianugerahkan (tetapi enggan menerima) Anugerah Hak Asasi Manusia untuk Sastera untuk Di Dalam Black Australia, antologi puisi dan pameran fotografi Orang Asli. Berbeza dengan takrif terdahulu yang hanya berdasarkan derajat keturunan Aborigin, pada tahun 1990, Kerajaan menukar definisi undang-undang Aborigin untuk memasukkan apa-apa: <> Siapa yang menulis \"Hidup Hitam? || Kevin Gilbert <> Tahun apa Gilbert dianugerahkan atas usahanya | | 1978 <> Apa itu Hidup Hitam tentang? || koleksi cerita orang Aborigin <> Apa yang dianugerahkan Gilbert pada tahun 1998? || Anugerah Hak Asasi Manusia untuk Sastera <> Apakah penghargaan itu pada tahun 1998? Inside Black Australia", {"qas": [{"question": "Who wrote \"Living Black?", "id": "5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e55", "answers": [{"text": "Kevin Gilbert", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Gilbert awarded for his efforts?", "id": "5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e56", "answers": [{"text": "1978", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Living Black about?", "id": "5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e57", "answers": [{"text": "a collection of Aboriginal people's stories", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What award did Gilbert refuse in 1998?", "id": "5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e58", "answers": [{"text": "the Human Rights Award for Literature", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the award in 1998 for?", "id": "5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e59", "answers": [{"text": "Inside Black Australia", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and exhibition of Aboriginal photography. In contrast to previous definitions based solely on the degree of Aboriginal ancestry, in 1990 the Government changed the legal definition of Aboriginal to include any:"}], ["Separuh kedua abad ke-20 hingga kini telah menyaksikan peralihan beransur-ansur ke arah peningkatan hak asasi manusia untuk Orang Aborigin. Dalam referendum 1967 lebih daripada 90% penduduk Australia mengundi untuk menamatkan diskriminasi perlembagaan dan memasukkan Orang Asli dalam banci kebangsaan. Dalam tempoh ini ramai aktivis Aborigin mula memeluk istilah \"hitam\" dan menggunakan keturunan mereka sebagai sumber kebanggaan. Aktivis Bob Maza berkata: <> Bilakah hak asasi manusia untuk Orang Orang Asli mula membaik? || Separuh kedua abad ke 20 <> Tahun apakah diskriminasi perlembagaan berakhir? || 1967 <Apa lagi yang dimasukkan dalam referendum tahun 1967? || untuk memasukkan Orang Asli dalam banci kebangsaan. <> Istilah apa yang dipeluk dalam tempoh ini? || \"hitam\" <> Siapa kata orang Orang Asli mula memeluk nenek moyang mereka? || Aktivis Bob Maza", {"qas": [{"question": "When did human rights for Aboriginal people begin to improve?", "id": "5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4b", "answers": [{"text": "The second half of the 20th century", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was constitutional discrimination ended?", "id": "5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4c", "answers": [{"text": "1967", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What else was included in the 1967 referendum?", "id": "5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4d", "answers": [{"text": "to include Aborigines in the national census.", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term was embraced during this period?", "id": "5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4e", "answers": [{"text": "\"black\"", "answer_start": 352}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said the Aboriginal people started to embrace their ancestry?", "id": "5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4f", "answers": [{"text": "Activist Bob Maza", "answer_start": 405}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The second half of the 20th century to the present has seen a gradual shift towards improved human rights for Aboriginal people. In a 1967 referendum over 90% of the Australian population voted to end constitutional discrimination and to include Aborigines in the national census. During this period many Aboriginal activists began to embrace the term \"black\" and use their ancestry as a source of pride. Activist Bob Maza said:"}], ["Dikenali sebagai \"hitam\" atau \"putih\" di Australia pada abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20 adalah kritikal dalam pekerjaan dan prospek sosial seseorang. Pelbagai Lembaga Perlindungan Orang Asal yang berpangkalan di negeri telah ditubuhkan yang mempunyai kawalan sepenuhnya ke atas kehidupan Orang Asli Orang Asli - di mana mereka tinggal, pekerjaan mereka, perkahwinan, pendidikan dan termasuk kuasa untuk memisahkan kanak-kanak dari ibu bapa mereka. Orang asli tidak dibenarkan mengundi dan sering dihadkan kepada rizab dan dipaksa menjadi buruh hamba yang dibayar rendah atau berkesan. Kedudukan sosial kaum campuran atau \"setengah kasta\" individu berubah dari masa ke masa. Laporan 1913 oleh Sir Baldwin Spencer menyatakan bahawa: <> Apa yang ditubuhkan untuk mengawal Orang Asli Australia? || Lembaga Perlindungan Orang Asli <> Apakah yang dikawal oleh Lembaga Perlindungan Orang Asli? || di mana mereka tinggal, pekerjaan mereka, perkahwinan, pendidikan dan termasuk kuasa untuk memisahkan kanak-kanak dari ibu bapa mereka. <> Adakah Aborigin dibenarkan untuk mengundi? || Orang asli tidak dibenarkan mengundi <> Siapa yang melaporkan bagaimana orang-orang Aborigin diperlakukan? || Sir Baldwin Spencer <> Berapa tahun laporannya? || 1913", {"qas": [{"question": "What was established to control the Indigenous Australians?", "id": "5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e37", "answers": [{"text": "Aboriginal Protection Boards", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did the Aboriginal Protection Boards control?", "id": "5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e38", "answers": [{"text": "where they lived, their employment, marriage, education and included the power to separate children from their parents.", "answer_start": 301}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Were Aborigines allowed to vote?", "id": "5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e39", "answers": [{"text": "Aborigines were not allowed to vote", "answer_start": 421}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who reported how the Aborigines were treated?", "id": "5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e3a", "answers": [{"text": "Sir Baldwin Spencer", "answer_start": 644}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was his report from?", "id": "5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e3b", "answers": [{"text": "1913", "answer_start": 629}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Being identified as either \"black\" or \"white\" in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one's employment and social prospects. Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australians \u2013 where they lived, their employment, marriage, education and included the power to separate children from their parents. Aborigines were not allowed to vote and were often confined to reserves and forced into low paid or effectively slave labour. The social position of mixed-race or \"half-caste\" individuals varied over time. A 1913 report by Sir Baldwin Spencer states that:"}], ["Penerimaan dan pengiktirafan negara-negara Orang Asli di seluruh negara membawa kepada peningkatan yang signifikan dalam bilangan orang yang mengenal pasti diri sebagai Orang Asli atau Torres Strait Islander. Penyesuaian istilah \"hitam\" dengan makna yang positif dan lebih inklusif telah mengakibatkan penggunaannya yang meluas dalam budaya arus perdana Australia, termasuk saluran media awam, agensi kerajaan, dan syarikat swasta. Pada tahun 2012, beberapa kes berprofil tinggi menonjolkan sikap undang-undang dan komuniti yang mengenal pasti sebagai Orang Asli atau Torres Strait Islander tidak bergantung kepada warna kulit, dengan seorang peninju terkenal Anthony Mundine yang dikritik secara meluas kerana mempersoalkan \"kegelapan\" yang lain Petinju dan wartawan Andrew Bolt berjaya dituntut untuk menerbitkan komentar diskriminatif mengenai Aboriginals dengan kulit ringan. <> Apakah peningkatan dalam peningkatan kualiti hidup? || orang yang mengenali diri sebagai Orang Asli atau Torres Strait Islander <> Apa yang telah digunakan semula perkataan \"hitam\" dilakukan? || mengakibatkan kegunaannya yang meluas dalam budaya Australia arus perdana, <> Pada tahun apa terdapat beberapa kes yang membantu untuk mentakrifkan semula Orang Asli atau Torres Strait Islander? || 2012 <> Apa petinju terkenal yang dikritik kerana mempersoalkan kegelapan seseorang? || Anthony Mundine <> Wartawan mana yang didakwa untuk menerbitkan komen yang diskriminatif? || Andrew Bolt", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the improvements in quality of life increase?", "id": "5706e4d990286e26004fc727", "answers": [{"text": "people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has the reappropriation of the word \"black\" done?", "id": "5706e4d990286e26004fc728", "answers": [{"text": "resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian culture,", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year were there several cases that helped to redefine Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander?", "id": "5706e4d990286e26004fc729", "answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What well known boxer was criticized for question someone's blackness?", "id": "5706e4d990286e26004fc72a", "answers": [{"text": "Anthony Mundine", "answer_start": 603}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Journalist was sued for publishing discriminatory comments?", "id": "5706e4d990286e26004fc72b", "answers": [{"text": "Andrew Bolt", "answer_start": 707}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term \"black\" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian culture, including public media outlets, government agencies, and private companies. In 2012, a number of high-profile cases highlighted the legal and community attitude that identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander is not dependent on skin colour, with a well-known boxer Anthony Mundine being widely criticised for questioning the \"blackness\" of another boxer and journalist Andrew Bolt being successfully sued for publishing discriminatory comments about Aboriginals with light skin."}], ["Menurut Pejabat Perangkaan Negara, pada banci tahun 2001 terdapat lebih dari satu juta orang kulit hitam di United Kingdom; 1% daripada jumlah penduduk yang menggambarkan diri mereka sebagai \"Black Caribbean\", 0.8% sebagai \"Black African\", dan 0.2% sebagai \"Black other\". Britain menggalakkan imigresen pekerja dari Caribbean selepas Perang Dunia II; pergerakan simbolik pertama adalah mereka yang datang di kapal Empire Windrush. Istilah payung rasmi yang disukai adalah \"etnik hitam dan minoriti\" (BME), tetapi kadang-kadang istilah \"hitam\" digunakan sendiri, untuk menyatakan pembangkang yang bersatu padu dengan perkauman, seperti di Southall Black Sisters, yang bermula dengan bahasa Inggeris Asia kawasan pilihan raya, dan Persatuan Polis Hitam Kebangsaan, yang mempunyai keahlian \"Afrika, Afrika-Caribbean dan Asal Asia\". <> Pada tahun 2001 berapa ramai orang kulit hitam tinggal di UK? || lebih sejuta hitam <> Berapa peratus penduduknya adalah \"Black Caribbean\"? || 1% <> Berapa peratus daripada penduduknya adalah \"Black African\"? || 0.8% <> Berapa peratus penduduknya adalah \"Hitam yang lain\"? || 0.2% <> Bilakah Britain menggalakkan imigresen pekerja? || selepas Perang Dunia II", {"qas": [{"question": "In 2001 how many black people lived in the UK?", "id": "5706c2370eeca41400aa0e03", "answers": [{"text": "over a million black", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the population was \"Black Caribbean\"?", "id": "5706c2370eeca41400aa0e04", "answers": [{"text": "1%", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the population was \"Black African\"?", "id": "5706c2370eeca41400aa0e05", "answers": [{"text": "0.8%", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the population was \"Black other\"?", "id": "5706c2370eeca41400aa0e06", "answers": [{"text": "0.2%", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Britain encourage immigration of workers?", "id": "5706c2370eeca41400aa0e07", "answers": [{"text": "after World War II", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to the Office for National Statistics, at the 2001 census there were over a million black people in the United Kingdom; 1% of the total population described themselves as \"Black Caribbean\", 0.8% as \"Black African\", and 0.2% as \"Black other\". Britain encouraged the immigration of workers from the Caribbean after World War II; the first symbolic movement was those who came on the ship the Empire Windrush. The preferred official umbrella term is \"black and minority ethnic\" (BME), but sometimes the term \"black\" is used on its own, to express unified opposition to racism, as in the Southall Black Sisters, which started with a mainly British Asian constituency, and the National Black Police Association, which has a membership of \"African, African-Caribbean and Asian origin\"."}], ["Konsep kegelapan di Amerika Syarikat telah digambarkan sebagai tahap yang menghubungkan diri dengan arus utama budaya, politik, dan nilai-nilai Afrika-Amerika. Pada tahap tertentu, konsep ini tidak begitu banyak tentang bangsa tetapi lebih mengenai orientasi politik, budaya dan tingkah laku. Kemerahan dapat dikontraskan dengan \"bertindak putih\", di mana orang kulit hitam Amerika dikatakan berkelakuan dengan ciri-ciri yang diasumsikan orang-orang putih stereotaip mengenai fesyen, dialek, rasa dalam muzik, dan mungkin, dari perspektif sejumlah besar pemuda hitam, akademik pencapaian. <> Bagaimana kegelapan diterangkan di AS? || sejauh mana seseorang itu mengaitkan dirinya dengan arus utama budaya, politik, dan nilai-nilai Afrika-Amerika. <> Apa yang mentakrifkan \"kegelapan\"? || orientasi politik, budaya dan tingkah laku <> Apa yang bertentangan dengan \"kegelapan\"? || \"bertindak putih\" <> Bagaimana seseorang \"bertindak putih\"? || hitam Amerika dikatakan berkelakuan dengan ciri-ciri yang dianggap stereotaip putih Amerika <> Dalam apa yang boleh seseorang \"bertindak putih\"? || berhubung dengan fesyen, dialek, rasa dalam muzik,", {"qas": [{"question": "How is blackness described in the US?", "id": "57070cab90286e26004fc859", "answers": [{"text": "the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values.", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What defines \"blackness\"?", "id": "57070cab90286e26004fc85a", "answers": [{"text": "political orientation, culture and behavior", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the opposite of \"blackness\"?", "id": "57070cab90286e26004fc85b", "answers": [{"text": "\"acting white\"", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does one \"act white\"?", "id": "57070cab90286e26004fc85c", "answers": [{"text": "black Americans are said to behave with assumed characteristics of stereotypical white Americans", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what regards can one \"act white\"?", "id": "57070cab90286e26004fc85d", "answers": [{"text": "with regard to fashion, dialect, taste in music,", "answer_start": 450}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The concept of blackness in the United States has been described as the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values. To a certain extent, this concept is not so much about race but more about political orientation, culture and behavior. Blackness can be contrasted with \"acting white\", where black Americans are said to behave with assumed characteristics of stereotypical white Americans with regard to fashion, dialect, taste in music, and possibly, from the perspective of a significant number of black youth, academic achievement."}], ["Takrifan bancian A.S. mengatakan \"hitam\" adalah orang yang mempunyai asal dalam mana-mana kumpulan kaum hitam (sub-Saharan) di Afrika. Ia termasuk orang yang menunjukkan perlumbaan mereka sebagai \"Hitam, Afrika Am, atau Negro\" atau yang menyediakan penyertaan bertulis seperti Afrika Amerika, Afro-Amerika, Kenya, Nigeria, atau Haiti. Biro Banci mencatatkan bahawa klasifikasi ini bersifat sosio-politik dan tidak boleh ditafsirkan sebagai sains atau antropologi. Kebanyakan orang Amerika Afrika juga mempunyai keturunan Eropah dalam jumlah yang berbeza-beza; perkadaran yang lebih rendah mempunyai beberapa keturunan asli Amerika. Sebagai contoh, kajian genetik Amerika Afrika menunjukkan keturunan yang rata-rata 17-18% Eropah. <> Bagaimanakah banci A.S. menentukan \"orang hitam\" Amerika? || mempunyai asal-usul dalam mana-mana kumpulan kaum hitam (sub-Saharan) Afrika <> Apakah klasifikasi yang diberikan? || membina sosio-politik <> Berapa peratus Amerika Afrika mempunyai keturunan Eropah? || 17-18% <> Apakah takrif Banci tidak berdasarkan? || saintifik atau antropologi", {"qas": [{"question": "How does the U.S. census define \"black\" Americans?", "id": "57070b1490286e26004fc83d", "answers": [{"text": "having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What classification are given?", "id": "57070b1490286e26004fc83e", "answers": [{"text": "socio-political constructs", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of African Americans have European ancestry?", "id": "57070b1490286e26004fc83f", "answers": [{"text": "17\u201318%", "answer_start": 673}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Census definition not based on?", "id": "57070b1490286e26004fc840", "answers": [{"text": "scientific or anthropological", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The U.S. census race definitions says a \"black\" is a person having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicate their race as \"Black, African Am., or Negro\" or who provide written entries such as African American, Afro-American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian. The Census Bureau notes that these classifications are socio-political constructs and should not be interpreted as scientific or anthropological. Most African Americans also have European ancestry in varying amounts; a lesser proportion have some Native American ancestry. For instance, genetic studies of African Americans show an ancestry that is on average 17\u201318% European."}], ["Pada waktu itu, majoriti orang kulit hitam di Amerika Syarikat adalah orang asli, jadi penggunaan istilah \"Afrika\" menjadi bermasalah. Walaupun pada mulanya merupakan sumber kebanggaan, banyak orang kulit hitam takut bahawa penggunaan Afrika sebagai identiti akan menjadi penghalang kepada perjuangan mereka untuk kewarganegaraan penuh di AS. Mereka juga merasakan bahawa ia akan memberikan peluru kepada mereka yang menyokong penyebaran orang kulit hitam ke Afrika. Pada tahun 1835, pemimpin hitam menyeru orang Amerika Hitam untuk menghapus gelaran \"Afrika\" dari institusi mereka dan menggantikannya dengan \"Negro\" atau \"Amerika Berwarna\". Beberapa institusi memilih untuk mengekalkan nama bersejarah mereka, seperti Gereja Methodist Episcopal Afrika. Orang-orang Afrika Afrika menggunakan istilah \"Negro\" atau \"berwarna\" untuk diri mereka sehingga akhir 1960-an. <> Mengapa penggunaan \"Afrika\" menjadi isu? || majoriti orang kulit hitam di Amerika Syarikat adalah orang asli <> Mengapa orang kulit hitam takut mengenali sebagai Afrika? || akan menjadi penghalang kepada perjuangan mereka untuk kewarganegaraan penuh di Amerika Syarikat. <> Tahun apa pemimpin Black memanggil perubahan dalam bahasa ini? || 1835, <> Kumpulan apa yang memutuskan untuk mengekalkan \"Afrika\" dalam nama mereka? || Afrika Methodist Episcopal Church <> Apa istilah yang digunakan Afrika Amerika? || \"Negro\" atau \"berwarna\"", {"qas": [{"question": "Why did the use of \"African\" become an issue?", "id": "570708619e06ca38007e92c5", "answers": [{"text": "the majority of black people in the United States were native-born", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did blacks fear to identify as African?", "id": "570708619e06ca38007e92c6", "answers": [{"text": "would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US.", "answer_start": 229}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Black leaders call for this change in language?", "id": "570708619e06ca38007e92c7", "answers": [{"text": "1835,", "answer_start": 416}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What group decided to keep the \"African\" in their name?", "id": "570708619e06ca38007e92c8", "answers": [{"text": "the African Methodist Episcopal Church", "answer_start": 635}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What terms did African Americans use instead?", "id": "570708619e06ca38007e92c9", "answers": [{"text": "\"Negro\" or \"colored\"", "answer_start": 718}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By that time, the majority of black people in the United States were native-born, so the use of the term \"African\" became problematic. Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. They also felt that it would give ammunition to those who were advocating repatriating black people back to Africa. In 1835, black leaders called upon Black Americans to remove the title of \"African\" from their institutions and replace it with \"Negro\" or \"Colored American\". A few institutions chose to keep their historic names, such as the African Methodist Episcopal Church. African Americans popularly used the terms \"Negro\" or \"colored\" for themselves until the late 1960s."}], ["Dari akhir abad ke-19, Selatan menggunakan istilah bahasa sehari-hari, peraturan satu-drop, untuk mengklasifikasikan sebagai orang hitam dari mana-mana keturunan Afrika yang diketahui. Amalan hipoden ini tidak dimasukkan ke dalam undang-undang sehingga awal abad ke-20. Secara sah definisi berubah dari negeri ke negara. Definisi kaum lebih fleksibel pada abad ke-18 dan ke-19 sebelum Perang Saudara Amerika. Sebagai contoh, Presiden Thomas Jefferson memegang orang-orang yang secara sah putih (kurang daripada 25% hitam) mengikut undang-undang Virginia pada masa itu, tetapi, kerana mereka dilahirkan sebagai ibu hamba, mereka dilahirkan menjadi perhambaan, menurut prinsip partus sequitur ventrem, yang mana Virginia mengguna pakai undang-undang pada 1662. <> Apa peraturan \"satu-drop\" dilakukan? || diklasifikasikan sebagai orang hitam dari mana-mana keturunan Afrika yang diketahui <> Kapan aturan \"satu-drop\" dimasukkan ke dalam tempatnya? || awal abad ke-20. <> Bilakah definisi kaum lebih fleksibel? || Abad ke-18 dan ke-19 <> Apa perang berubah cara Amerika melihat perlumbaan? || Perang Saudara Amerika <> Kapan Virginia mengamalkan Prinsip Partus Sequitur Ventrem? || 1662", {"qas": [{"question": "What did the \"one-drop\" rule do?", "id": "57070b889e06ca38007e92ff", "answers": [{"text": "classify as black a person of any known African ancestry", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the \"one-drop\" rule put into place?", "id": "57070b889e06ca38007e9300", "answers": [{"text": "early 20th century.", "answer_start": 202}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was racial definition more flexible?", "id": "57070b889e06ca38007e9301", "answers": [{"text": "18th and 19th centuries", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What war changed the way the United States looked at race?", "id": "57070b889e06ca38007e9302", "answers": [{"text": "the American Civil War", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Virginia adopt The Principle of Partus Sequitur Ventrem?", "id": "57070b889e06ca38007e9303", "answers": [{"text": "1662", "answer_start": 674}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From the late 19th century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry. This practice of hypodescent was not put into law until the early 20th century. Legally the definition varied from state to state. Racial definition was more flexible in the 18th and 19th centuries before the American Civil War. For instance, President Thomas Jefferson held persons who were legally white (less than 25% black) according to Virginia law at the time, but, because they were born to slave mothers, they were born into slavery, according to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia adopted into law in 1662."}], ["Di Amerika Kolonial pada tahun 1619, John Rolfe menggunakan negar dalam menggambarkan hamba yang ditangkap dari Afrika Barat dan kemudian dihantar ke koloni Virginia. Kemudian, penguasaan Bahasa Inggeris Amerika, neger dan neggar, berlaku di koloni utara, New York di bawah Belanda, dan di masyarakat metropolitan Philadelphia Moravian dan Pennsylvania, masyarakat Belanda; Tanah Perkuburan Afrika di New York City pada asalnya dikenali dengan nama Belanda \"Begraafplaats van de Neger\" (Pemakaman Negro); kejadian awal AS di Rhode Island, bermula dari tahun 1625. Thomas Jefferson juga menggunakan istilah \"hitam\" dalam catatannya di Negeri Virginia dalam kiasan kepada populasi hamba. <> Siapa yang menggambarkan hamba sebagai negar? || John Rolfe <> Di mana John Rolfe? || Colonial America <> Di manakah hamba dihantar dari Afrika Barat? || Koloni Virginia <> Apa nama kubur Afrika di New York City? || \"Begraafplaats van de Neger\" <> Apa maksud \"Begraafplaats van de Neger\"? || Perkuburan Negro", {"qas": [{"question": "Who described slaves as negars?", "id": "5706fa4c90286e26004fc787", "answers": [{"text": "John Rolfe", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was John Rolfe?", "id": "5706fa4c90286e26004fc788", "answers": [{"text": "Colonial America", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were slaves shipped to from West Africa?", "id": "5706fa4c90286e26004fc789", "answers": [{"text": "Virginia colony", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the African burial ground in New York City?", "id": "5706fa4c90286e26004fc78a", "answers": [{"text": "\"Begraafplaats van de Neger\"", "answer_start": 429}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does \"Begraafplaats van de Neger\" mean?", "id": "5706fa4c90286e26004fc78b", "answers": [{"text": "Cemetery of the Negro", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the Colonial America of 1619, John Rolfe used negars in describing the slaves who were captured from West Africa and then shipped to the Virginia colony. Later American English spellings, neger and neggar, prevailed in a northern colony, New York under the Dutch, and in metropolitan Philadelphia's Moravian and Pennsylvania Dutch communities; the African Burial Ground in New York City originally was known by the Dutch name \"Begraafplaats van de Neger\" (Cemetery of the Negro); an early US occurrence of neger in Rhode Island, dates from 1625. Thomas Jefferson also used the term \"black\" in his Notes on the State of Virginia in allusion to the slave populations."}], ["Klasifikasi kaum atau etnik AS \"hitam\" merujuk kepada orang dengan segala jenis pigmentasi kulit yang mungkin, dari yang paling gelap hingga kepada warna kulit yang paling ringan, termasuk albinos, jika mereka dipercayai oleh orang lain untuk memiliki keturunan Afrika Barat (dalam peratusan yang dapat dilihat ), atau mempamerkan sifat-sifat kebudayaan yang dikaitkan dengan \"orang Amerika Afrika\". Akibatnya, di Amerika Syarikat istilah \"orang kulit hitam\" bukan merupakan penunjuk warna kulit atau asal etnik tetapi sebaliknya merupakan klasifikasi kaum berdasarkan sosial yang berkaitan dengan menjadi Amerika Afrika, dengan sejarah keluarga yang dikaitkan dengan perhambaan yang dilembagakan. Orang kulit berkulit gelap boleh dikelaskan sebagai putih jika mereka memenuhi kriteria sosial yang lain \"keputihan\", dan orang kulit berkulit terang dapat dikelaskan sebagai hitam jika mereka memenuhi kriteria sosial untuk \"kegelapan\" dalam suasana tertentu. <> Jenis pigmen kulit apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan \"Hitam\"? || yang paling gelap melalui warna kulit yang paling ringan <> Di Amerika Syarikat istilah \"orang kulit hitam\" adalah penunjuk untuk? || klasifikasi kaum berasaskan sosial yang berkaitan dengan menjadi Afrika Amerika, <> Di manakah sejarah keluarga AS Amerika Afrika dari? || sejarah keluarga yang dikaitkan dengan perhambaan yang dilembagakan. <> Bagaimana orang ditakrifkan sebagai \"hitam\" atau \"putih\"? || mereka memenuhi kriteria sosial", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of skin pigment does \"Black\" refer to?", "id": "5707074190286e26004fc80f", "answers": [{"text": "the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the United States the term \"black people\" is an indicator for?", "id": "5707074190286e26004fc810", "answers": [{"text": "socially based racial classification related to being African American,", "answer_start": 480}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the US base family history of African Americans from?", "id": "5707074190286e26004fc811", "answers": [{"text": "a family history associated with institutionalized slavery.", "answer_start": 557}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are people defined as \"black\" or \"white\"?", "id": "5707074190286e26004fc812", "answers": [{"text": "they fulfill the social criteria", "answer_start": 795}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The US racial or ethnic classification \"black\" refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation, from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have West African ancestry (in any discernible percentage), or to exhibit cultural traits associated with being \"African American\". As a result, in the United States the term \"black people\" is not an indicator of skin color or ethnic origin but is instead a socially based racial classification related to being African American, with a family history associated with institutionalized slavery. Relatively dark-skinned people can be classified as white if they fulfill other social criteria of \"whiteness\", and relatively light-skinned people can be classified as black if they fulfill the social criteria for \"blackness\" in a particular setting."}], ["Oleh sebab kontur hitam dan hitam di Amerika Syarikat, idea kegelapan juga boleh diperluaskan kepada orang bukan hitam. Toni Morrison pernah menyifatkan Bill Clinton sebagai Presiden hitam pertama di Amerika Syarikat, kerana, ketika dia meletakkannya, dia memperlihatkan \"hampir setiap kulit hitam\". Christopher Hitchens tersinggung oleh tanggapan Clinton sebagai presiden hitam pertama, sambil menyatakan, \"Encik Clinton, menurut Toni Morrison, novelis pemenang Hadiah Nobel, adalah Presiden hitam pertama kami, yang pertama datang dari rumah patah, alkohol ibu, bayang-bayang di bawah jambatan sistem penarafan kami. Oleh itu, kita mungkin telah kehilangan kuasa mistik untuk menguburkan ilmuwan, tetapi kita masih boleh menyembunyikan kegelapan oleh gejala berikut: rumah pecah, ibu alkohol, tabiat di bawah jambatan dan (boleh dianggap dari lain-lain pemikiran [Arthur] Miller yang senescent) kecenderungan untuk pemangsa seksual dan bersumpah palsu tentang perkara yang sama. \" Beberapa aktivis hitam juga tersinggung, mendakwa bahawa Clinton menggunakan pengetahuannya mengenai budaya hitam untuk mengeksploitasi orang kulit hitam untuk kepentingan politik kerana tidak ada presiden lain sebelum ini, walaupun tidak melayani kepentingan hitam. Mereka menyebut kekurangan tindakan semasa Genocide Rwanda dan pembaharuan kebajikannya, yang Larry Roberts berkata telah membawa kepada kemiskinan anak terburuk sejak 1960-an. Orang lain menyebut bahawa bilangan orang kulit hitam di penjara meningkat semasa pentadbirannya. <> Siapa yang menggambarkan Bill Clinton sebagai \"Hitam\"? || Toni Morrison <> Siapa yang tersinggung oleh Clinton yang dimaksudkan sebagai hitam? || Christopher Hitchens <> Siapa Toni Morrison? || Ahli novel yang memenangi Hadiah Nobel <> Mengapa orang tersinggung dengan ulasan ini? || Clinton menggunakan pengetahuannya mengenai budaya hitam untuk mengeksploitasi orang kulit hitam untuk mendapatkan keuntungan politik Apa peristiwa yang dahsyat berlaku semasa istilah Clinton yang membuat orang kecewa? || Genosid Rwandan", {"qas": [{"question": "Who described Bill Clinton as \"Black\"?", "id": "57070d4b9e06ca38007e932d", "answers": [{"text": "Toni Morrison", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was offended by Clinton being referred to as black?", "id": "57070d4b9e06ca38007e932e", "answers": [{"text": "Christopher Hitchens", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is Toni Morrison?", "id": "57070d4b9e06ca38007e932f", "answers": [{"text": "Nobel Prize-winning novelist", "answer_start": 457}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why were people offended by this comment?", "id": "57070d4b9e06ca38007e9330", "answers": [{"text": "Clinton used his knowledge of black culture to exploit black people for political gain", "answer_start": 1009}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What horrible event was on-going during Clinton's term that made people upset?", "id": "57070d4b9e06ca38007e9331", "answers": [{"text": "Rwandan Genocide", "answer_start": 1205}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Due to the often political and cultural contours of blackness in the United States, the notion of blackness can also be extended to non-black people. Toni Morrison once described Bill Clinton as the first black President of the United States, because, as she put it, he displayed \"almost every trope of blackness\". Christopher Hitchens was offended by the notion of Clinton as the first black president, noting, \"Mr Clinton, according to Toni Morrison, the Nobel Prize-winning novelist, is our first black President, the first to come from the broken home, the alcoholic mother, the under-the-bridge shadows of our ranking systems. Thus, we may have lost the mystical power to divine diabolism, but we can still divine blackness by the following symptoms: broken homes, alcoholic mothers, under-the-bridge habits and (presumable from the rest of [Arthur] Miller's senescent musings) the tendency to sexual predation and to shameless perjury about same.\" Some black activists were also offended, claiming that Clinton used his knowledge of black culture to exploit black people for political gain as no other president had before, while not serving black interests. They cite the lack of action during the Rwandan Genocide and his welfare reform, which Larry Roberts said had led to the worst child poverty since the 1960s. Others cited that the number of black people in jail increased during his administration."}], ["Pada tahun 1988, pemimpin hak sivil Jesse Jackson menggesa orang Amerika untuk menggunakan sebaliknya istilah \"African American\" kerana ia mempunyai pangkalan budaya sejarah dan merupakan pembinaan yang sama dengan istilah yang digunakan oleh keturunan Eropah, seperti orang Jerman Amerika, bahasa Itali, dan lain-lain. maka, Afrika Amerika dan hitam sering mempunyai status selari. Walau bagaimanapun, kontroversi berterusan jika mana-mana dua istilah lebih sesuai. Maulana Karenga berhujah bahawa istilah Afrika-Amerika lebih sesuai kerana ia secara tepat menyatakan asal-usul geografi dan sejarahnya. [Rujukan?] Yang lain berpendapat bahawa \"hitam\" adalah istilah yang lebih baik kerana \"Afrika\" mencadangkan asing, walaupun Black Americans membantu menemukan Amerika Syarikat. Masih yang lain percaya bahawa istilah hitam tidak tepat kerana Amerika Afrika mempunyai pelbagai warna kulit. Sesetengah tinjauan mencadangkan bahawa majoriti Black Americans tidak mempunyai pilihan untuk \"African American\" atau \"Black\", walaupun mereka mempunyai sedikit pilihan untuk \"hitam\" dalam tetapan peribadi dan \"Afrika Amerika\" dalam tetapan lebih formal. <> Siapa yang berhujah untuk rakyat Amerika menggunakan istilah \"Afrika Amerika\"? || Jesse Jackson <> Tahun apa Jesse Jackson membuat hujah ini? || 1988 <> Mengapa Jackson mahu istilah ini digunakan? || ia mempunyai pangkalan budaya sejarah dan merupakan pembinaan yang serupa dengan istilah yang digunakan oleh keturunan Eropah <> yang juga berhujah untuk istilah \"Afrika Amerika\"? || Afrika-Amerika <> Mengapa beberapa orang berpendapat bahawa \"hitam\" adalah istilah yang lebih baik? || kerana \"Afrika\" mencadangkan asing", {"qas": [{"question": "Who argued for Americans to use the term \"African American\"?", "id": "570709ba9e06ca38007e92d9", "answers": [{"text": "Jesse Jackson", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Jesse Jackson make this argument?", "id": "570709ba9e06ca38007e92da", "answers": [{"text": "1988", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did Jackson want this term to be used?", "id": "570709ba9e06ca38007e92db", "answers": [{"text": "it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who also argued for the term \"African American\"?", "id": "570709ba9e06ca38007e92dc", "answers": [{"text": "African-American", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did some argue that \"black\" was the better term?", "id": "570709ba9e06ca38007e92dd", "answers": [{"text": "because \"African\" suggests foreignness", "answer_start": 640}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1988, the civil rights leader Jesse Jackson urged Americans to use instead the term \"African American\" because it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants, such as German American, Italian American, etc. Since then, African American and black have often had parallel status. However, controversy continues over which if any of the two terms is more appropriate. Maulana Karenga argues that the term African-American is more appropriate because it accurately articulates their geographical and historical origin.[citation needed] Others have argued that \"black\" is a better term because \"African\" suggests foreignness, although Black Americans helped found the United States. Still others believe that the term black is inaccurate because African Americans have a variety of skin tones. Some surveys suggest that the majority of Black Americans have no preference for \"African American\" or \"Black\", although they have a slight preference for \"black\" in personal settings and \"African American\" in more formal settings."}], ["Pada tahun 1900-an, nigger telah menjadi perkataan pejoratif di Amerika Syarikat. Sebaliknya, istilah berwarna menjadi alternatif arus perdana kepada negro dan istilahnya yang berasal. Selepas pergerakan Hak Awam Afrika-Amerika, istilah berwarna dan negro memberi laluan kepada \"hitam\". Negro telah menggantikan warna sebagai kata yang paling sopan untuk orang-orang Afrika Afrika pada masa ketika hitam dianggap lebih menyinggung. Istilah ini diterima seperti biasa, termasuk oleh orang-orang yang diklasifikasikan sebagai Negro, sehingga pergerakan hak-hak Sipil pada akhir 1960-an. Satu contoh yang terkenal ialah pengenalan oleh Pendeta Martin Luther King, Jr dari kaumnya sendiri sebagai \"Negro\" dalam ucapannya yang terkenal pada tahun 1963, Saya Memiliki Impian. Semasa gerakan Hak Awam Amerika pada tahun 1950-an dan 1960-an, beberapa pemimpin Afrika-Amerika di Amerika Syarikat, terutamanya Malcolm X, membantah perkataan Negro kerana mereka mengaitkannya dengan sejarah panjang perhambaan, pengasingan, dan diskriminasi yang merawat Afrika Amerika sebagai warga kelas dua, atau lebih teruk. Malcolm X mengutamakan Black to Negro, tetapi kemudian secara beransur-ansur meninggalkannya juga untuk Afro-Amerika selepas meninggalkan Negara Islam. <> Bilakah \"nigger\" menjadi perkataan pejoratif? || Menjelang 1900-an <> Apa istilah menggantikan negro sebagai arus perdana? || berwarna <> Apakah istilah yang diikuti \"negro\" dan \"berwarna\"? || \"hitam\" <> Pergerakan apa yang menimbulkan perubahan ini dalam retorik? || Pergerakan Hak Awam Afrika-Amerika <> Yang mengetuai pergerakan Hak Sivil? || Pendeta Martin Luther King", {"qas": [{"question": "When did \"nigger\" become a pejorative word?", "id": "5706fb6190286e26004fc79b", "answers": [{"text": "By the 1900s", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term replaced negro as mainstream?", "id": "5706fb6190286e26004fc79c", "answers": [{"text": "colored", "answer_start": 95}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What term followed \"negro\" and \"colored\"?", "id": "5706fb6190286e26004fc79d", "answers": [{"text": "\"black\"", "answer_start": 259}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What movement sprouted this change in rhetoric? ", "id": "5706fb6190286e26004fc79e", "answers": [{"text": "the African-American Civil rights movement", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who led the Civil Rights movement?", "id": "5706fb6190286e26004fc79f", "answers": [{"text": "Reverend Martin Luther King", "answer_start": 577}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to \"black\". Negro had superseded colored as the most polite word for African Americans at a time when black was considered more offensive. This term was accepted as normal, including by people classified as Negroes, until the later Civil Rights movement in the late 1960s. One well-known example is the identification by Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. of his own race as \"Negro\" in his famous speech of 1963, I Have a Dream. During the American Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, some African-American leaders in the United States, notably Malcolm X, objected to the word Negro because they associated it with the long history of slavery, segregation, and discrimination that treated African Americans as second-class citizens, or worse. Malcolm X preferred Black to Negro, but later gradually abandoned that as well for Afro-American after leaving the Nation of Islam."}], ["Dalam 200 tahun pertama orang kulit hitam berada di Amerika Syarikat, mereka terutamanya mengenal pasti diri mereka dengan kumpulan etnik mereka yang tertentu (rapat dengan bahasa) dan bukan oleh warna kulit. Individu mengenal pasti diri mereka, sebagai contoh, sebagai Ashanti, Igbo, Bakongo, atau Wolof. Walau bagaimanapun, apabila tawanan pertama dibawa ke Amerika, mereka sering digabungkan dengan kumpulan lain dari Afrika Barat, dan gabungan etnik individu tidak diakui umum oleh penjajah Inggeris. Di kawasan-kawasan Upper South, pelbagai kumpulan etnik telah dibawa bersama. Ini penting kerana tawanan datang dari kawasan geografi yang luas: garis pantai Afrika Barat yang membentang dari Senegal ke Angola dan dalam beberapa kes dari pantai tenggara seperti Mozambique. Identiti dan budaya Afrika-Amerika yang baru dilahirkan yang menggabungkan unsur-unsur kumpulan etnik dan warisan budaya Eropah, mengakibatkan fusions seperti gereja Hitam dan Bahasa Inggeris Hitam. Identiti baru ini didasarkan pada provensi dan status hamba dan bukannya keanggotaan dalam satu kumpulan etnik. Sebaliknya, rekod hamba dari Louisiana menunjukkan bahawa penjajah Perancis dan Sepanyol mencatatkan identiti yang lebih lengkap dari Afrika Barat, termasuk etnik dan diberikan nama suku. <> Bagaimana orang kulit hitam mengenal pasti di Amerika awal? || oleh kumpulan etnik mereka yang tertentu <> Apa yang tidak diakui oleh penjajah Inggeris? || pertalian etnik individu <> Seberapa besar latar belakang para tawanan? || Pantai Afrika Barat merentang dari Senegal ke Angola dan dalam beberapa kes dari pantai tenggara <> Bagaimana identiti Afrika Amerika yang baru ditakrifkan? || Identiti baru ini berdasarkan status provokasi dan hamba <> Kolonis mana yang mencatatkan identiti lengkap orang Afrika Barat? || Penjajah Perancis dan Sepanyol", {"qas": [{"question": "How did black people identify in early America?", "id": "570706b99e06ca38007e92bb", "answers": [{"text": "by their specific ethnic group", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was not acknowledged by English colonists?", "id": "570706b99e06ca38007e92bc", "answers": [{"text": "individual ethnic affiliations", "answer_start": 401}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How vast was the backgrounds of the captives?", "id": "570706b99e06ca38007e92bd", "answers": [{"text": "West African coastline stretching from Senegal to Angola and in some cases from the south-east coast", "answer_start": 638}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How was the new African American identity defined?", "id": "570706b99e06ca38007e92be", "answers": [{"text": "This new identity was based on provenance and slave status", "answer_start": 968}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which colonists recorded more complete identities of the West Africans?", "id": "570706b99e06ca38007e92bf", "answers": [{"text": "French and Spanish colonists", "answer_start": 1148}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the first 200 years that black people were in the United States, they primarily identified themselves by their specific ethnic group (closely allied to language) and not by skin color. Individuals identified themselves, for example, as Ashanti, Igbo, Bakongo, or Wolof. However, when the first captives were brought to the Americas, they were often combined with other groups from West Africa, and individual ethnic affiliations were not generally acknowledged by English colonists. In areas of the Upper South, different ethnic groups were brought together. This is significant as the captives came from a vast geographic region: the West African coastline stretching from Senegal to Angola and in some cases from the south-east coast such as Mozambique. A new African-American identity and culture was born that incorporated elements of the various ethnic groups and of European cultural heritage, resulting in fusions such as the Black church and Black English. This new identity was based on provenance and slave status rather than membership in any one ethnic group.[citation needed] By contrast, slave records from Louisiana show that the French and Spanish colonists recorded more complete identities of the West Africans, including ethnicities and given tribal names."}], ["Pengkritik mencatatkan bahawa orang-orang warna mempunyai keterlihatan media terhad. Media Brazil telah dituduh bersembunyi atau menghadap ke populasi Hitam, Orang Asli, Multiracial dan Asia di negara itu. Sebagai contoh, telenovelas atau sabun dikritik kerana memaparkan pelakon yang menyerupai Eropah utara dan bukannya pelakon ciri-ciri Eropah Selatan yang lebih umum) dan rupa mulatto dan penampilan mestizo berkulit terang. (Pardos boleh mencapai status \"putih\" jika mereka mencapai status sosial kelas pertengahan atau lebih tinggi). <> Apa yang dikatakan pengkritik orang yang mempunyai warna? || keterlihatan media terhad <> Apa yang dituduh oleh media Brazil? || bersembunyi atau menghadap negara-negara Hitam, Orang Asli, Multiracial dan Asia Timur. <> Apa etnik pelakon yang digunakan terutamanya untuk pertunjukan di Brazil? || Eropah Utara <> Apa kata lain untuk \"Light Skinned\" || mulatto", {"qas": [{"question": "What do critics claim people of color have?", "id": "570713c490286e26004fc8c9", "answers": [{"text": "limited media visibility", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has the Brazilian media been accused of?", "id": "570713c490286e26004fc8ca", "answers": [{"text": "hiding or overlooking the nation's Black, Indigenous, Multiracial and East Asian populations.", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What ethnicity of actors are mainly used for shows in Brazil?", "id": "570713c490286e26004fc8cb", "answers": [{"text": "northern Europeans", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another word for \"Light Skinned\"", "id": "570713c490286e26004fc8cc", "answers": [{"text": "mulatto", "answer_start": 392}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Critics note that people of color have limited media visibility. The Brazilian media has been accused of hiding or overlooking the nation's Black, Indigenous, Multiracial and East Asian populations. For example, the telenovelas or soaps are criticized for featuring actors who resemble northern Europeans rather than actors of the more prevalent Southern European features) and light-skinned mulatto and mestizo appearance. (Pardos may achieve \"white\" status if they have attained the middle-class or higher social status)."}], ["Menjelang banci tahun 2000, perubahan demografi termasuk penghapusan penghambaan, imigresen dari Eropah dan Asia, penyerapan orang berbilang kaum, dan faktor-faktor lain mengakibatkan populasi di mana 6.2% daripada populasi yang dikenal pasti sebagai hitam, 40% sebagai pardo, dan 55% seperti putih. Pada asasnya, kebanyakan penduduk hitam diserap ke dalam kategori berbilang kaum secara intermixing. Kajian genetik 2007 mendapati bahawa sekurang-kurangnya 29% daripada kelas menengah, penduduk Brazil putih mempunyai beberapa baru-baru ini (sejak tahun 1822 dan berakhirnya zaman kolonial) keturunan Afrika. <> Berapa banyak penduduk Brazil yang dikenal pasti sebagai hitam pada tahun 2000? || 6.2% <> Berapa banyak dikenal pasti sebagai bangsa campuran? || 40% <> Berapa banyak dikenal pasti sebagai putih? || 55% <> Berapa banyak penduduk Brazil mempunyai hubungan dengan keturunan Afrika pada tahun 2007? || 29%", {"qas": [{"question": "How much of the Brazilian population identified as black in 2000?", "id": "5707111d90286e26004fc89b", "answers": [{"text": "6.2%", "answer_start": 193}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much identified as mixed race?", "id": "5707111d90286e26004fc89c", "answers": [{"text": "40%", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much identified as white?", "id": "5707111d90286e26004fc89d", "answers": [{"text": "55%", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of the Brazilian population had connections to African ancestry in 2007?", "id": "5707111d90286e26004fc89e", "answers": [{"text": "29%", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By the 2000 census, demographic changes including the end to slavery, immigration from Europe and Asia, assimilation of multiracial persons, and other factors resulted in a population in which 6.2% of the population identified as black, 40% as pardo, and 55% as white. Essentially most of the black population was absorbed into the multi-racial category by intermixing. A 2007 genetic study found that at least 29% of the middle-class, white Brazilian population had some recent (since 1822 and the end of the colonial period) African ancestry."}], ["Para ilmuwan tidak bersetuju dengan kesan status sosial mengenai klasifikasi kaum di Brazil. Secara umumnya percaya bahawa mencapai pergerakan dan hasil pendidikan yang meningkat ke atas individu yang diklasifikasikan sebagai kategori kulit yang lebih ringan. Tuntutan yang popular ialah di Brazil, orang kulit putih dianggap hitam dan kaya kulit hitam dianggap putih. Sesetengah sarjana tidak bersetuju, dengan mengatakan bahawa \"pemutihan\" status sosial seseorang mungkin terbuka kepada orang-orang kaum bercampur, sebahagian besar penduduk yang dikenali sebagai pardo, tetapi orang yang dianggap sebagai preto (hitam) akan terus dikelaskan sebagai hitam tanpa mengira kekayaan atau status sosial. <> Apakah jenis warna kulit mempunyai peluang yang lebih baik untuk kehidupan yang baik di Brazil? || kulit yang lebih ringan <> Apakah kulit putih yang dipertimbangkan di Brazil? || hitam <> Apa yang dikatakan orang kulit hitam kaya di Brazil? || putih <> Apa maksud Preto? || (hitam)", {"qas": [{"question": "What type of skin color has a better chance of a good life in Brazil?", "id": "57070fe090286e26004fc877", "answers": [{"text": "lighter skin", "answer_start": 216}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are poor whites considered in Brazil?", "id": "57070fe090286e26004fc878", "answers": [{"text": "black", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are wealthy blacks considered in Brazil?", "id": "57070fe090286e26004fc879", "answers": [{"text": "white", "answer_start": 334}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Preto mean?", "id": "57070fe090286e26004fc87a", "answers": [{"text": "(black)", "answer_start": 529}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Scholars disagree over the effects of social status on racial classifications in Brazil. It is generally believed that achieving upward mobility and education results in individuals being classified as a category of lighter skin. The popular claim is that in Brazil, poor whites are considered black and wealthy blacks are considered white. Some scholars disagree, arguing that \"whitening\" of one's social status may be open to people of mixed race, a large part of the population known as pardo, but a person perceived as preto (black) will continue to be classified as black regardless of wealth or social status."}], ["Walaupun Brazil sekurang-kurangnya warisan Afrika sebahagiannya membentuk peratusan besar penduduk, beberapa orang kulit hitam telah dipilih sebagai ahli politik. Kota Salvador, Bahia, misalnya, adalah 80% orang warna, tetapi pengundi tidak memilih seorang walikota warna. Wartawan suka mengatakan bahawa bandar-bandar AS dengan majoriti hitam, seperti Detroit dan New Orleans, tidak memilih walikota putih sejak selepas pergerakan hak sivil, ketika Akta Hak Voting 1965 melindungi francais untuk minoriti, dan orang kulit hitam di Selatan kembali kuasa untuk mengundi buat kali pertama sejak giliran abad ke-20. New Orleans memilih Datuk Bandar hitam pertama pada tahun 1970-an. New Orleans memilih Datuk Bandar putih selepas gangguan luas dan kerosakan Badai Katrina pada tahun 2005. <> Apa kaum mempunyai kadar yang sangat rendah untuk memegang jawatan awam di Brazil? || hitam <> Berapa banyak penduduk Salvador, Bahia adalah bangsa hitam atau campuran? || 80% <> Bilakah AS memulakan Akta Hak Voting? || 1965 <> Bilakah New Orleans memilih Walikota hitam pertama? || 1970-an <> Apa taufan tau melanda New Orleans? || Badai Katrina", {"qas": [{"question": "What race has a very low rate of holding public office in Brazil?", "id": "5707135a90286e26004fc8bf", "answers": [{"text": "blacks", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of the population of Salvador, Bahia is black or mixed race?", "id": "5707135a90286e26004fc8c0", "answers": [{"text": "80%", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did the US institute the Voting Rights Act?", "id": "5707135a90286e26004fc8c1", "answers": [{"text": "1965", "answer_start": 453}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did New Orleans elect it's first black Mayor?", "id": "5707135a90286e26004fc8c2", "answers": [{"text": "1970s", "answer_start": 653}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What large hurricane hit New Orleans?", "id": "5707135a90286e26004fc8c3", "answers": [{"text": "Hurricane Katrina", "answer_start": 739}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005."}], ["Konsep bangsa di Brazil adalah kompleks. Seorang kanak-kanak Brazil tidak pernah dikenal pasti secara automatik dengan jenis kaum atau kedua-dua ibu bapanya, dan tidak terdapat hanya dua kategori untuk dipilih. Antara individu keturunan Afrika Barat yang tidak dikelompokkan dan individu mulatto yang sangat ringan, lebih dari sebelas kategori kaum diakui, berdasarkan berbagai kombinasi warna rambut, tekstur rambut, warna mata, dan warna kulit. Jenis ini menjadi satu sama lain seperti warna spektrum, dan tiada satu kategori berdiri dengan ketara terpencil dari selebihnya. Di Brazil, orang diklasifikasikan oleh penampilan, bukan keturunan. <> Bagaimana orang-orang di Brazil dikelaskan? || dengan penampilan <> Negara apakah yang mempunyai cara yang rumit untuk mengakui bangsa? || Brazil <> Bagaimana seseorang menentukan etnik di Brazil? || berdasarkan pelbagai kombinasi warna rambut, tekstur rambut, warna mata, dan warna kulit <> Bagaimana orang dievaluasi di Brazil? || seperti warna spektrum", {"qas": [{"question": "How are people in Brazil classified?", "id": "57070f769e06ca38007e935d", "answers": [{"text": "by appearance", "answer_start": 602}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What country has a complex way of acknowledging race?", "id": "57070f769e06ca38007e935e", "answers": [{"text": "Brazil", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does one determine ethnicity in Brazil?", "id": "57070f769e06ca38007e935f", "answers": [{"text": "based on various combinations of hair color, hair texture, eye color, and skin color", "answer_start": 351}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How are people evaluated in Brazil?", "id": "57070f769e06ca38007e9360", "answers": [{"text": "like the colors of the spectrum", "answer_start": 471}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The concept of race in Brazil is complex. A Brazilian child was never automatically identified with the racial type of one or both of his or her parents, nor were there only two categories to choose from. Between an individual of unmixed West African descent and a very light mulatto individual, more than a dozen racial categories were acknowledged, based on various combinations of hair color, hair texture, eye color, and skin color. These types grade into each other like the colors of the spectrum, and no one category stands significantly isolated from the rest. In Brazil, people are classified by appearance, not heredity."}], ["Kerana penerimaan penyatuan, Brazil telah mengelakkan polarisasi masyarakat binari menjadi hitam dan putih. Di samping itu, ia menghapuskan perhambaan tanpa perang saudara. Ketegangan kaum yang pahit dan kadang-kadang ganas yang telah membahagi Amerika Syarikat adalah tidak hadir di Brazil. Menurut bancian 2010, 6.7% rakyat Brazil mengatakan mereka hitam, berbanding dengan 6.2% pada tahun 2000, dan 43.1% berkata mereka bercampur dengan racun, meningkat daripada 38.5%. Pada tahun 2010, Elio Ferreira de Araujo, menteri Brazil untuk kesetaraan kaum, menyifatkan kenaikan menjadi kebanggaan di kalangan masyarakat hitam dan masyarakat pribumi negara itu. <> Apa yang dielakkan Brazil? || polarisasi masyarakat binari menjadi hitam dan putih <> Apa yang berlaku di AS yang tidak berlaku di Brazil ketika perhambaan berakhir? || perang saudara <> Bagaimana AS dan Brazil bervariasi selepas perhambaan telah berakhir? || Ketegangan kaum yang ganas yang telah membahagi Amerika Syarikat tidak hadir di Brazil. <> Siapa Perdana Menteri Brazil untuk kesamaan kaum? || Elio Ferreira de Araujo <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab untuk kebanggaan yang semakin meningkat di komuniti Brazil? || komuniti hitam dan asli.", {"qas": [{"question": "What has Brazil avoided?", "id": "570712049e06ca38007e9389", "answers": [{"text": "the binary polarization of society into black and white", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is happened in the US that did not happen in Brazil when slavery ended?", "id": "570712049e06ca38007e938a", "answers": [{"text": "civil war", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do the US and Brazil vary after slavery has ended?", "id": "570712049e06ca38007e938b", "answers": [{"text": "violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil.", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the Brazilian Prime Minister for racial equality? ", "id": "570712049e06ca38007e938c", "answers": [{"text": "Elio Ferreira de Araujo", "answer_start": 443}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is responsible for the growing pride in Brazilian communities?", "id": "570712049e06ca38007e938d", "answers": [{"text": "black and indigenous communities.", "answer_start": 569}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Because of the acceptance of miscegenation, Brazil has avoided the binary polarization of society into black and white. In addition, it abolished slavery without a civil war. The bitter and sometimes violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil. According to the 2010 census, 6.7% of Brazilians said they were black, compared with 6.2% in 2000, and 43.1% said they were racially mixed, up from 38.5%. In 2010, Elio Ferreira de Araujo, Brazil's minister for racial equality, attributed the increases to growing pride among his country's black and indigenous communities."}], ["Pada bulan Julai 2012, Ancestry.com melaporkan penyelidikan bersejarah dan DNA oleh kakitangannya yang mendapati bahawa Obama mungkin keturunan melalui ibunya John Punch, dianggap oleh beberapa ahli sejarah untuk menjadi hamba Afrika pertama di koloni Virginia. Seorang hamba yang dituduh, dia \"terikat untuk hidup\" pada 1640 selepas cuba melarikan diri. Kisah tentang dia dan keturunannya adalah Amerika berbilang kaum sejak ia muncul dia dan anak-anaknya telah berkahwin atau mempunyai kesatuan dengan wanita kulit putih, mungkin para penjawat yang diindentifikasi dan kelas pekerja seperti mereka. Kanak-kanak berbilang kaum mereka bebas kerana mereka dilahirkan untuk membebaskan wanita Inggeris. Sepanjang masa, garis keluarga Bunch Obama (ketika mereka dikenali) adalah pemilik harta dan terus \"berkahwin putih\"; mereka menjadi sebahagian daripada masyarakat kulit putih, mungkin pada awal hingga pertengahan abad ke-18. <> Siapa Obama mungkin nenek moyang? || John Punch <> Siapa John Punch? || hamba pertama Afrika di koloni Virginia <> Bilakah Punch ditahan? || 1640 <> Mengapa dia dipertanggungjawabkan untuk hidup? || cuba melarikan diri <> Mengapa anak-anaknya bebas? || mereka dilahirkan untuk membebaskan wanita Inggeris", {"qas": [{"question": "Who is Obama possibly an ancestor of?", "id": "57070e0c9e06ca38007e9341", "answers": [{"text": "John Punch", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is John Punch?", "id": "57070e0c9e06ca38007e9342", "answers": [{"text": "the first African slave in the Virginia colony", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was Punch indentured?", "id": "57070e0c9e06ca38007e9343", "answers": [{"text": "1640", "answer_start": 296}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why was he indentured for life?", "id": "57070e0c9e06ca38007e9344", "answers": [{"text": "trying to escape", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why were his children free?", "id": "57070e0c9e06ca38007e9345", "answers": [{"text": "they were born to free English women", "answer_start": 570}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In July 2012, Ancestry.com reported on historic and DNA research by its staff that discovered that Obama is likely a descendant through his mother of John Punch, considered by some historians to be the first African slave in the Virginia colony. An indentured servant, he was \"bound for life\" in 1640 after trying to escape. The story of him and his descendants is that of multi-racial America since it appeared he and his sons married or had unions with white women, likely indentured servants and working-class like them. Their multi-racial children were free because they were born to free English women. Over time, Obama's line of the Bunch family (as they became known) were property owners and continued to \"marry white\"; they became part of white society, likely by the early to mid-18th century."}], ["Kira-kira 12 juta orang Afrika dihantar ke Amerika semasa perdagangan hamba Atlantik dari 1492 hingga 1888, dengan 11.5 juta daripada mereka yang dihantar ke Amerika Selatan dan Caribbean. Brazil adalah pengimport terbesar di Amerika, dengan 5.5 juta hamba Afrika diimport, diikuti oleh British Caribbean dengan 2.76 juta, Karibia Sepanyol dan Tanah Besar Sepanyol dengan 1.59 juta Afrika, dan Karibia Perancis dengan 1.32 juta. Kini keturunan mereka jumlahnya kira-kira 150 juta di Amerika Selatan dan Caribbean. Selain warna kulit, ciri-ciri fizikal lain seperti ciri-ciri wajah dan tekstur rambut sering digunakan dalam mengelaskan orang sebagai hitam di Amerika Selatan dan Caribbean. Di Amerika Selatan dan Caribbean, klasifikasi sebagai hitam juga berkait rapat dengan status sosial dan pembolehubah sosioekonomi, terutamanya berdasarkan konsep sosial \"blanqueamiento\" (pemutihan kaum) dan konsep yang berkaitan. <> Berapa banyak orang Afrika dihantar ke AS antara tahun 1492 hingga 1888? || 12 juta <> Berapa banyak yang dihantar ke Amerika Selatan dan Caribbean? || 11.5 juta <> Berapa banyak hamba yang diimport oleh Brazil? || 5.5 juta <> Berapa banyak hamba yang diimport oleh British Caribbean? || 2.76 juta <> Bagaimana warna hitam di Amerika Selatan? || berkait rapat dengan status sosial dan pembolehubah sosioekonomi,", {"qas": [{"question": "How many Africans were shipped to the US between 1492 to 1888?", "id": "57070e8590286e26004fc863", "answers": [{"text": "12 million", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many were shipped to South America and the Caribbean?", "id": "57070e8590286e26004fc864", "answers": [{"text": "11.5 million", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many slaves were imported by Brazil?", "id": "57070e8590286e26004fc865", "answers": [{"text": "5.5 million", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many slaves were imported by the British Caribbean?", "id": "57070e8590286e26004fc866", "answers": [{"text": "2.76 million", "answer_start": 315}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How is black identified in South America?", "id": "57070e8590286e26004fc867", "answers": [{"text": "closely tied to social status and socioeconomic variables,", "answer_start": 797}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Approximately 12 million Africans were shipped to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade from 1492 to 1888, with 11.5 million of those shipped to South America and the Caribbean. Brazil was the largest importer in the Americas, with 5.5 million African slaves imported, followed by the British Caribbean with 2.76 million, the Spanish Caribbean and Spanish Mainland with 1.59 million Africans, and the French Caribbean with 1.32 million. Today their descendants number approximately 150 million in South America and the Caribbean. In addition to skin color, other physical characteristics such as facial features and hair texture are often variously used in classifying peoples as black in South America and the Caribbean. In South America and the Caribbean, classification as black is also closely tied to social status and socioeconomic variables, especially in light of social conceptions of \"blanqueamiento\" (racial whitening) and related concepts."}], ["Di Amerika Syarikat, orang Amerika Afrika, yang termasuk orang berbilang kaum, memperoleh 75% daripada pendapatan orang putih. Di Brazil, orang warna mendapat kurang daripada 50% daripada apa yang kaum hawa mendapat. Ada yang mengemukakan bahawa fakta status sosioekonomi yang lebih rendah bagi orang-orang warna menunjukkan bahawa Brazil mengamalkan peraturan satu drop, atau diskriminasi terhadap orang-orang yang tidak dilihat Eropah dalam keturunan. Jurang pendapatan antara kulit hitam dan kulit bukan putih yang lain agak kecil berbanding dengan jurang yang besar antara putih dan semua orang warna. Faktor sosial lain, seperti buta huruf dan tahap pendidikan, menunjukkan corak kekurangan yang sama bagi orang-orang yang berwarna. Beberapa pengulas melihat bahawa amalan Amerika Syarikat pengasingan dan ketuanan putih di Selatan, dan diskriminasi di banyak kawasan di luar wilayah itu, memaksa ramai rakyat Afrika Afrika untuk bersatu dalam perjuangan hak-hak sivil. Mereka mencadangkan bahawa sifat bendalir di Brazil telah membahagikan individu keturunan Afrika, antara mereka yang mempunyai keturunan yang lebih atau kurang. Hasilnya, mereka tidak bersatu untuk pergerakan hak sivil yang lebih kuat. [Rujukan?] <> Di Amerika Syarikat, berapa banyak orang yang mendapat pendapatan putih, adakah orang kulit hitam mendapat? || 75% </ b> Di Brazil, berapa banyak orang kulit hitam yang diperoleh daripada orang kulit putih? || 50% <> Peraturan apakah yang Brazil dituduh berlatih? || peraturan one-drop <> Apa peraturan yang berlaku? || diskriminasi terhadap orang yang tidak dilihat Eropah dalam keturunan. <> Apakah corak lain konsisten dengan taraf hidup yang tidak sama rata? || buta huruf dan tahap pendidikan", {"qas": [{"question": "In the US, how much of what white people earn, do blacks earn?", "id": "570712c99e06ca38007e939b", "answers": [{"text": "75%", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Brazil, how much less do blacks earn compared to whites?", "id": "570712c99e06ca38007e939c", "answers": [{"text": "50%", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What rule is Brazil accused of practicing?", "id": "570712c99e06ca38007e939d", "answers": [{"text": "one-drop rule", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the one drop rule do?", "id": "570712c99e06ca38007e939e", "answers": [{"text": "discrimination against people who are not visibly European in ancestry.", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other patterns are consistent with unequal living standards?", "id": "570712c99e06ca38007e939f", "answers": [{"text": "illiteracy and education levels", "answer_start": 548}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the US, African Americans, who include multiracial people, earn 75% of what white people earn. In Brazil, people of color earn less than 50% of what whites earn. Some have posited that the facts of lower socioeconomic status for people of color suggest that Brazil practices a kind of one-drop rule, or discrimination against people who are not visibly European in ancestry. The gap in income between blacks and other non-whites is relatively small compared to the large gap between whites and all people of color. Other social factors, such as illiteracy and education levels, show the same patterns of disadvantage for people of color. Some commentators observe that the United States practice of segregation and white supremacy in the South, and discrimination in many areas outside that region, forced many African Americans to unite in the civil rights struggle. They suggest that the fluid nature of race in Brazil has divided individuals of African descent, between those with more or less ancestry. As a result, they have not united for a stronger civil rights movement.[citation needed]"}], ["Dari tahun 1500 hingga 1850, dianggarkan 3.5 juta tawanan dihantar secara paksa dari Barat / Afrika Tengah ke Brazil; wilayah itu menerima bilangan hamba tertinggi di mana-mana negara di Amerika. Para ilmuwan menganggarkan bahawa lebih dari separuh penduduk Brazil sekurang-kurangnya sebahagiannya berasal dari individu-individu ini. Brazil mempunyai populasi terbesar Afro-keturunan di luar Afrika. Berbeda dengan Amerika Serikat, selama masa perbudakan dan setelah itu, pemerintah kolonial Portugis dan kemudian pemerintah Brasil tidak lulus undang-undang anti-perpaduan atau pengasingan formal. Sama seperti di negara-negara Latin yang lain, perkahwinan berkemungkinan besar semasa tempoh penjajah dan berterusan selepas itu. Di samping itu, orang-orang dari kaum campuran (pardo) sering cenderung untuk berkahwin dengan putih, dan keturunan mereka diterima sebagai putih. Akibatnya, beberapa penduduk berketurunan Eropah juga mempunyai darah Afrika Barat atau Amerindian. Mengikut banci terakhir abad ke-20, di mana Brazil boleh memilih daripada lima kategori warna / etnik yang mereka kenal pasti, 54% individu yang dikenal pasti putih, 6.2% dikenali sebagai hitam, dan 39.5% dikenal pasti sebagai pardo (coklat) - kategori berbilang kaum yang luas, termasuk orang trias. <> Berapakah jumlah hamba yang dihantar dari Afrika ke Brazil antara 1500 dan 1850? || dianggarkan 3.5 juta <> Berapa banyak penduduk Brazil adalah keturunan perhambaan? || lebih daripada separuh <> Kedua ke Afrika, apakah Brazil mempunyai populasi terbesar? || Afro-keturunan <> Apa yang tidak diluluskan di Brazil semasa perhambaan? || undang pengasingan <> Apa yang lazim dalam budaya Brazil semasa perhambaan? || perkahwinan", {"qas": [{"question": "How many slaves were shipped from Africa to Brazil between 1500 and 1850?", "id": "5707106b90286e26004fc87f", "answers": [{"text": "estimated 3.5 million", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of the Brazilian population are descendants of slavery?", "id": "5707106b90286e26004fc880", "answers": [{"text": "more than half", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Second to Africa, what is Brazil have the largest population of?", "id": "5707106b90286e26004fc881", "answers": [{"text": "Afro-descendants", "answer_start": 362}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was not passed in Brazil during slavery?", "id": "5707106b90286e26004fc882", "answers": [{"text": "segregation laws", "answer_start": 566}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was prevalent in Brazilian culture during slavery?", "id": "5707106b90286e26004fc883", "answers": [{"text": "intermarriage", "answer_start": 613}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From the years 1500 to 1850, an estimated 3.5 million captives were forcibly shipped from West/Central Africa to Brazil; the territory received the highest number of slaves of any country in the Americas. Scholars estimate that more than half of the Brazilian population is at least in part descended from these individuals. Brazil has the largest population of Afro-descendants outside of Africa. In contrast to the US, during the slavery period and after, the Portuguese colonial government and later Brazilian government did not pass formal anti-miscegenation or segregation laws. As in other Latin countries, intermarriage was prevalent during the colonial period and continued afterward. In addition, people of mixed race (pardo) often tended to marry white, and their descendants became accepted as white. As a result, some of the European descended population also has West African or Amerindian blood. According to the last census of the 20th century, in which Brazilians could choose from five color/ethnic categories with which they identified, 54% of individuals identified as white, 6.2% identified as black, and 39.5% identified as pardo (brown) \u2014 a broad multi-racial category, including tri-racial persons."}], ["Corak diskriminasi terhadap bukan putih telah menyebabkan beberapa aktivis akademik dan lain-lain untuk menyokong penggunaan istilah negro Portugis untuk merangkumi semua orang Afrika yang diturunkan, untuk merangsang kesedaran dan identiti \"hitam\". Cadangan ini telah dikritik kerana istilah pardo dianggap termasuk pelbagai orang multiracial, seperti caboclos (mestizos), asimilasi Amerindian dan tri-kaum, bukan sahaja orang-orang dari keturunan Afrika dan Eropah yang sebahagiannya. Cuba untuk mengenal pasti seluruh kumpulan ini sebagai \"hitam\" akan menjadi satu pengenaan palsu identiti yang berbeza dari luar budaya dan menafikan orang lain yang lain, sama sah, keturunan dan budaya. Nampaknya peraturan one-drop sebaliknya. <> Apa yang akan menjadi sarjana seperti istilah \"Negro\" untuk dimasukkan? || semua orang Afrika yang diturunkan <> Apa tujuan ini untuk merangsang? || kesedaran dan identiti \"hitam\". <> Apa istilah \"pardo\" termasuk? || pelbagai kaum berbilang kaum <> Apa maksud caboclos? || mestizos", {"qas": [{"question": "What would scholars like the term \"Negro\" to include?", "id": "5707142a90286e26004fc8d1", "answers": [{"text": "all African-descended people", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does this aim to stimulate?", "id": "5707142a90286e26004fc8d2", "answers": [{"text": "a \"black\" consciousness and identity.", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the term \"pardo\" include?", "id": "5707142a90286e26004fc8d3", "answers": [{"text": "a wide range of multiracial people", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does caboclos mean?", "id": "5707142a90286e26004fc8d4", "answers": [{"text": "mestizos", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "These patterns of discrimination against non-whites have led some academic and other activists to advocate for use of the Portuguese term negro to encompass all African-descended people, in order to stimulate a \"black\" consciousness and identity. This proposal has been criticized since the term pardo is considered to include a wide range of multiracial people, such as caboclos (mestizos), assimilated Amerindians and tri-racials, not only people of partial African and European descent. Trying to identify this entire group as \"black\" would be a false imposition of a different identity from outside the culture and deny people their other, equally valid, ancestries and cultures. It seems a one-drop rule in reverse."}]], [["Yang ketiga, John Walter, cucu pengasasnya, berjaya bapanya pada tahun 1847. Kertas ini berterusan sebagai kurang atau kurang, tetapi dari tahun 1850-an The Times mula mengalami peningkatan persaingan dari akhbar sen, terutamanya The Daily Telegraph dan The Post Morning. <> Tahun berapakah cucu pengasasnya berjaya menjadi ayahnya sebagai editor The Times? || 1847 <> Apakah nama cucu pengasas The Times yang menggantikan bapanya sebagai editor? || John Walter <> Pada tahun 1850-an, Times mula mengalami peningkatan persaingan dari apa jenis pers? || akhbar penny", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did the founder's grandson succeed his father as editor of The Times?", "id": "5705f1f752bb8914006896fa", "answers": [{"text": "1847", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the The Times founder's grandson who succeeded his father as editor?", "id": "5705f1f752bb8914006896fb", "answers": [{"text": "John Walter", "answer_start": 10}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the 1850s, the Times was beginning to suffer from the rise in competition from what kind of press?", "id": "5705f1f752bb8914006896fc", "answers": [{"text": "the penny press", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The third John Walter, the founder's grandson, succeeded his father in 1847. The paper continued as more or less independent, but from the 1850s The Times was beginning to suffer from the rise in competition from the penny press, notably The Daily Telegraph and The Morning Post."}], ["The Times adalah akhbar pertama yang menghantar wartawan perang untuk menentang konflik tertentu. W. H. Russell, koresponden kertas dengan tentera dalam Perang Krimea, sangat berpengaruh dengan penghantarannya kembali ke England. <> The Times adalah akhbar pertama yang menghantar koresponden kepada apa jenis acara? || perang <> Siapa koresponden The Times pertama dengan tentera? || W. H. Russell <> Peperangan yang mana The Times pertama menutup menggunakan koresponden? || Perang Crimean", {"qas": [{"question": "The Times was the first newspaper to send correspondents to what kind of event?", "id": "5705ef7375f01819005e779e", "answers": [{"text": "war", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was The Times first correspondent with an army?", "id": "5705ef7375f01819005e779f", "answers": [{"text": "W. H. Russell", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which war did The Times first cover using correspondents?", "id": "5705ef7375f01819005e77a0", "answers": [{"text": "Crimean War", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Times was the first newspaper to send war correspondents to cover particular conflicts. W. H. Russell, the paper's correspondent with the army in the Crimean War, was immensely influential with his dispatches back to England."}], ["The Times menggunakan sumbangan dari tokoh-tokoh penting dalam bidang politik, sains, kesusasteraan, dan seni untuk membina reputasi mereka. Untuk sebahagian besar kehidupan awalnya, keuntungan The Times sangat besar dan pertandingan minimal, sehingga dapat membayar jauh lebih baik daripada para pesaingnya untuk informasi atau penulis. Bermula pada tahun 1814, kertas itu dicetak pada akhbar silinder yang didorong stim baru yang dibangunkan oleh Friedrich Koenig. Pada tahun 1815, The Times mempunyai peredaran sebanyak 5,000 orang. <> Pada tahun 1815, The Times telah beredar berapa orang? || 5,000 <> Bermula pada tahun 1814, The Times telah dicetak dengan menggunakan apa jenis akhbar baru? || tekan silinder yang digerakkan stim <> The Times menggunakan sumbangan dari angka-angka penting untuk membina apa? || reputasi <> Siapa yang mengembangkan jenis akhbar baru pada tahun 1814 untuk The Times? || Friedrich Koenig", {"qas": [{"question": "In 1815, The Times had a circulation of how many people?", "id": "5705ede675f01819005e7782", "answers": [{"text": "5,000", "answer_start": 460}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Beginning in 1814, The Times was printed using what new kind of press?", "id": "5705ede675f01819005e7783", "answers": [{"text": "steam-driven cylinder press", "answer_start": 361}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Times used contributions from significant figures to build what?", "id": "5705ede675f01819005e7784", "answers": [{"text": "reputation", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who developed the new press type in 1814 for The Times?", "id": "5705ede675f01819005e7785", "answers": [{"text": "Friedrich Koenig", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Times used contributions from significant figures in the fields of politics, science, literature, and the arts to build its reputation. For much of its early life, the profits of The Times were very large and the competition minimal, so it could pay far better than its rivals for information or writers. Beginning in 1814, the paper was printed on the new steam-driven cylinder press developed by Friedrich Koenig. In 1815, The Times had a circulation of 5,000."}], ["The Times adalah akhbar pertama yang telah menanggung nama itu, meminjamkannya kepada banyak kertas lain di seluruh dunia, termasuk The Times of India (ditubuhkan pada tahun 1838), The Straits Times (Singapura) (1845), The New York Times (1851) The Irish Times (1859), Le Temps (Perancis) (1861-1942), Cape Times (Afrika Selatan) (1872), Los Angeles Times (1881), The Seattle Times (1891) ), The Daily Times (Malawi) (1900), El Tiempo (Colombia) (1911), The Canberra Times (1926), dan The Times (Malta) (1935). Di negara-negara ini, akhbar itu sering disebut sebagai The London Times atau The Times of London. <> Tahun apakah yang bermula dari Times of India? || 1838 <> Berapa tahun yang bermula The Strait Times (Singapura)? || 1845 <> Tahun berapakah The New York Times bermula? || 1851 <> Tahun berapakah Irish Times bermula? || 1859 <> Berapa tahun apakah Cape Times (Afrika Selatan) bermula? || 1872", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did The Times of India start?", "id": "5705df8d75f01819005e76ca", "answers": [{"text": "1838", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did The Strait Times (Singapore) start?", "id": "5705df8d75f01819005e76cb", "answers": [{"text": "1845", "answer_start": 191}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did The New York Times start?", "id": "5705df8d75f01819005e76cc", "answers": [{"text": "1851", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the Irish Times start?", "id": "5705df8d75f01819005e76cd", "answers": [{"text": "1859", "answer_start": 242}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the Cape Times (South Africa) start?", "id": "5705df8d75f01819005e76ce", "answers": [{"text": "1872", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (founded in 1838), The Straits Times (Singapore) (1845), The New York Times (1851), The Irish Times (1859), Le Temps (France) (1861-1942), the Cape Times (South Africa) (1872), the Los Angeles Times (1881), The Seattle Times (1891), The Manila Times (1898), The Daily Times (Malawi) (1900), El Tiempo (Colombia) (1911), The Canberra Times (1926), and The Times (Malta) (1935). In these countries, the newspaper is often referred to as The London Times or The Times of London."}], ["Dalam peristiwa-peristiwa lain pada abad kesembilan belas, The Times membantah pemansuhan Undang-undang Jagung sehingga jumlah demonstrasi meyakinkan lembaga editorial sebaliknya, dan hanya dengan berat hati menyokong bantuan kepada mangsa Kelaparan Kentang Ireland. Ia dengan penuh semangat menyokong Rang Undang-Undang Pembaharuan Besar pada tahun 1832, yang mengurangkan rasuah dan meningkatkan jumlah pemilih dari 400,000 orang kepada 800,000 orang (masih minoriti kecil penduduk). Semasa Perang Saudara Amerika, The Times mewakili pandangan golongan kaya, memihak kepada golongan pemisahan, tetapi bukan penyokong perhambaan. <> Apakah peristiwa utama The Times enggan menyokong pada abad kesembilan belas walaupun pada awalnya ditentang? || Ireland's Potato Famine <> The Times sangat menyokong apa rang undang-undang pada tahun 1832 yang mengurangkan rasuah dan meningkatkan pengundi? || Rang Undang-undang Pembaharuan Besar pada tahun 1832 <> Banyak demonstrasi pada abad kesembilan belas meyakinkan Dewan editorial The Times untuk akhirnya menyokong pemansuhan undang-undang apa? || Undang-undang Jagung <> Semasa Perang Saudara Amerika, apa kelas orang yang menyokong The Times? || kelas kaya <> The Times menyukai bahagian politik Perang Saudara Amerika yang mana? || pemenggal kepala", {"qas": [{"question": "What major event did The Times reluctantly support in the nineteenth century despite being initially opposed?", "id": "5705f12375f01819005e77ae", "answers": [{"text": "Irish Potato Famine", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Times greatly supported what bill in 1832 which reduced corruption and increased the electorate?", "id": "5705f12375f01819005e77af", "answers": [{"text": "Great Reform Bill of 1832", "answer_start": 273}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Many demonstrations in the nineteenth century convinced The Times editorial board to finally support the repeal of what laws?", "id": "5705f12375f01819005e77b0", "answers": [{"text": "Corn Laws", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the American Civil War, what classes of people did The Times support?", "id": "5705f12375f01819005e77b1", "answers": [{"text": "wealthy classes", "answer_start": 505}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Times favoured which political side of the American Civil War?", "id": "5705f12375f01819005e77b2", "answers": [{"text": "the secessionists", "answer_start": 532}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In other events of the nineteenth century, The Times opposed the repeal of the Corn Laws until the number of demonstrations convinced the editorial board otherwise, and only reluctantly supported aid to victims of the Irish Potato Famine. It enthusiastically supported the Great Reform Bill of 1832, which reduced corruption and increased the electorate from 400,000 people to 800,000 people (still a small minority of the population). During the American Civil War, The Times represented the view of the wealthy classes, favouring the secessionists, but it was not a supporter of slavery."}], ["Thomas Barnes telah dilantik sebagai editor am pada tahun 1817. Pada tahun yang sama, pencetak kertas itu, James Lawson, meninggal dan meluluskan perniagaan itu kepada anaknya John Joseph Lawson (1802-1852). Di bawah pengubahsuaian Barnes dan penggantinya pada tahun 1841, John Thadeus Delane, pengaruh The Times meningkat ke tahap yang tinggi, terutamanya dalam politik dan di kalangan City of London. Peter Fraser dan Edward Sterling adalah dua wartawan yang terkenal, dan memperoleh The Times sebagai nama samaran 'satwa liar' (dari \"Kami menggegarkan hari yang lain sebuah artikel mengenai pembaharuan sosial dan politik.\"). Peningkatan peredaran dan pengaruh kertas itu sebahagiannya didasarkan pada penggunaan awal mesin pencetak berputar stim yang didorong oleh wap. Pengagihan melalui kereta api stim untuk kepekatan populasi penduduk bandar yang semakin meningkat membantu memastikan keuntungan kertas dan pengaruh yang semakin meningkat. <> Siapa yang telah dilantik sebagai editor am untuk The Times pada tahun 1817? || Thomas Barnes <> Pada tahun 1817, pencetak kertas The Times, James Lawson menyerahkan perniagaannya kepada anggota keluarganya? || anaknya <> Peter Fraser dan Edward Sterling, kata dua wartawan The Times, memperoleh apa nama panggilan untuk diri mereka sendiri? || The Thunderer <> Apa jenis percetakan membantu membantu peredaran dan pengaruh The Times kembali pada tahun 1817? || akhbar berputar stim yang didorong stim <> Siapa berjaya Thomas Barnes sebagai editor The Times pada tahun 1841? || John Thadeus Delane", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was appointed general editor for The Times in 1817?", "id": "5705eece75f01819005e778a", "answers": [{"text": "Thomas Barnes", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1817, The Times paper's printer James Lawson passed his business to which family member?", "id": "5705eece75f01819005e778b", "answers": [{"text": "his son", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling, two noted The Times journalists, gained what nickname for themselves?", "id": "5705eece75f01819005e778c", "answers": [{"text": "The Thunderer", "answer_start": 479}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of printing press helped increase the circulation and influence of The Times back in 1817?", "id": "5705eece75f01819005e778d", "answers": [{"text": "steam-driven rotary printing press", "answer_start": 678}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who succeeded Thomas Barnes as editor of The Times in 1841?", "id": "5705eece75f01819005e778e", "answers": [{"text": "John Thadeus Delane", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Thomas Barnes was appointed general editor in 1817. In the same year, the paper's printer James Lawson, died and passed the business onto his son John Joseph Lawson(1802\u20131852). Under the editorship of Barnes and his successor in 1841, John Thadeus Delane, the influence of The Times rose to great heights, especially in politics and amongst the City of London. Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling were two noted journalists, and gained for The Times the pompous/satirical nickname 'The Thunderer' (from \"We thundered out the other day an article on social and political reform.\"). The increased circulation and influence of the paper was based in part to its early adoption of the steam-driven rotary printing press. Distribution via steam trains to rapidly growing concentrations of urban populations helped ensure the profitability of the paper and its growing influence."}], ["The Times adalah pemula dari tipografi Times Roman yang banyak digunakan, yang pada asalnya dibangunkan oleh Stanley Morison dari The Times dengan kerjasama Perbadanan Monotype untuk keterbacaannya dalam percetakan berteknologi rendah. Pada November 2006 The Times mula mencetak tajuk-tajuk utama dalam font baru, Times Modern. The Times telah dicetak dalam format broadsheet selama 219 tahun, tetapi beralih ke saiz padat pada tahun 2004 dalam usaha untuk merayu lebih banyak kepada pembaca dan penumpang yang lebih muda menggunakan pengangkutan awam. The Sunday Times tetap menjadi broadsheet. <> Apakah font typeface utama yang dimulakan oleh The Times? || Times Roman <> Siapa pencipta font jenis huruf yang digunakan oleh The Times? || Stanley Morison <> Pada bulan November 2006, The Times menukar fonnya untuk apa jenis font baru? || Times Modern <> Berapa lamakah Times yang dicetak dalam format broadsheet? || 219 tahun <> Pada tahun apakah The Times menukar format broadsheetnya ke saiz yang padat? || 2004", {"qas": [{"question": "What major typeface font was started by The Times?", "id": "5705e06c52bb891400689642", "answers": [{"text": "Times Roman", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the creator of typeface font used by The Times?", "id": "5705e06c52bb891400689643", "answers": [{"text": "Stanley Morison", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In November 2006, The Times changed its font to what new font typeface?", "id": "5705e06c52bb891400689644", "answers": [{"text": "Times Modern", "answer_start": 277}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long was The Times printed in broadsheet format?", "id": "5705e06c52bb891400689645", "answers": [{"text": "219 years", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did The Times change its broadsheet format to a compact size?", "id": "5705e06c52bb891400689646", "answers": [{"text": "2004", "answer_start": 381}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Times is the originator of the widely used Times Roman typeface, originally developed by Stanley Morison of The Times in collaboration with the Monotype Corporation for its legibility in low-tech printing. In November 2006 The Times began printing headlines in a new font, Times Modern. The Times was printed in broadsheet format for 219 years, but switched to compact size in 2004 in an attempt to appeal more to younger readers and commuters using public transport. The Sunday Times remains a broadsheet."}], ["The Times adalah akhbar harian harian Inggeris yang berpusat di London. Ia bermula pada tahun 1785 di bawah tajuk The Daily Universal Register dan menjadi The Times pada 1 Januari 1788. The Times dan kertas kakak The Sunday Times (ditubuhkan pada tahun 1821) diterbitkan oleh Times Newspapers, sejak 1981 anak syarikat Berita UK, itu sendiri sepenuhnya dimiliki oleh kumpulan News Corp yang diketuai oleh Rupert Murdoch. The Times dan The Sunday Times tidak berkongsi kakitangan editorial, didirikan secara bebas dan hanya mempunyai pemilikan biasa sejak tahun 1967. <> The Times didasarkan pada apa bandar utama British? || London <> Berapa tahun penjelmaan awal The Times bermula? || 1785 <> Apakah nama asal The Times sebelum menukar namanya? || The Daily Universal Register <> The Times, yang dimiliki oleh Berita UK, dimiliki oleh apa perbadanan utama? || Kumpulan Berita Corp <> The Times dan kertas kakaknya The Sunday Times diterbitkan oleh syarikat apa? || Times Newspapers <> Tahun berapa The Times menukar namanya dari The Daily Universal Register? || 1788 <> Berapa tahun Adakah Daftar Universal Harian bermula? || 1785", {"qas": [{"question": "The Times is based in what major British city?", "id": "5705de1675f01819005e76c0", "answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the initial incarnation of The Times start?", "id": "5705de1675f01819005e76c1", "answers": [{"text": "1785", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the original name of The Times before changing its name?", "id": "5705de1675f01819005e76c2", "answers": [{"text": "The Daily Universal Register", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Times, owned by News UK, is itself owned by what major corporation?", "id": "5705de1675f01819005e76c4", "answers": [{"text": "News Corp group", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by what company?", "id": "5705dec952bb891400689639", "answers": [{"text": "Times Newspapers", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did The Times change its name from The Daily Universal Register?", "id": "5705dec952bb89140068963a", "answers": [{"text": "1788", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did The Daily Universal Register initially start?", "id": "5705dec952bb89140068963b", "answers": [{"text": "1785", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register and became The Times on 1 January 1788. The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times (founded in 1821) are published by Times Newspapers, since 1981 a subsidiary of News UK, itself wholly owned by the News Corp group headed by Rupert Murdoch. The Times and The Sunday Times do not share editorial staff, were founded independently and have only had common ownership since 1967."}], ["The Times diasaskan oleh penerbit John Walter pada 1 Januari 1785 sebagai The Daily Universal Register, dengan Walter dalam peranan editor. Walter telah kehilangan pekerjaannya menjelang akhir tahun 1784 selepas syarikat insurans di mana dia bekerja bangkrut kerana aduan badai Jamaica. Sebagai penganggur, Walter memutuskan untuk menetapkan perniagaan baru. Pada masa itu ketika Henry Johnson mencipta logografi, tipografi baru yang lebih cepat dan lebih tepat (tiga tahun kemudian, ia terbukti tidak semestinya seperti yang dikatakan). Walter membeli paten logografi itu dan menggunakannya, dia memutuskan untuk membuka sebuah rumah percetakan, di mana dia akan menghasilkan lembaran pengiklanan setiap hari. Penerbitan pertama akhbar The Daily Universal Register di Great Britain adalah 1 Januari 1785. Tidak senang kerana orang-orang selalu mengabaikan kata Universal, Ellias mengubah gelaran itu setelah 940 edisi pada 1 Januari 1788 ke The Times. Pada tahun 1803, Walter menyerahkan pemilikan dan penyunting kepada anaknya dengan nama yang sama. Walter Sr telah menghabiskan masa enam belas bulan di Newgate Prison untuk libel yang dicetak dalam The Times, tetapi usaha perintisnya untuk mendapatkan berita Continental, terutama dari Perancis, membantu membina reputasi kertas di kalangan pembuat dasar dan pembiaya. <> Times ditubuhkan oleh penerbit yang juga editor? || John Walter <> The Times dikenali sebagai nama sebelum ia menjadi The Times? || The Universal Universal Register <> Tahun berapa adalah terbitan pertama The Times? || 1785 <> Penerbit pertama dan editor The Times ketika dipenjara atas jenayah apa yang dicetak dalam akhbarnya? || libel <> Sebelum akhbar itu menukar namanya kepada The Times, berapa banyak edisi dicetak? || 940", {"qas": [{"question": "The Times was founded by what publisher who also was the editor?", "id": "5705ec4652bb8914006896ae", "answers": [{"text": "John Walter", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Times was known as what name before it became The Times?", "id": "5705ec4652bb8914006896af", "answers": [{"text": "The Daily Universal Register", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the very first publication of The Times?", "id": "5705ec4652bb8914006896b0", "answers": [{"text": "1785", "answer_start": 785}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first publisher and editor of The Times when to prison for what crime when printed in his newspaper?", "id": "5705ec4652bb8914006896b1", "answers": [{"text": "libel", "answer_start": 1059}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Before the newspaper changed its name to The Times, how many editions were printed?", "id": "5705ec4652bb8914006896b2", "answers": [{"text": "940", "answer_start": 880}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Times was founded by publisher John Walter on 1 January 1785 as The Daily Universal Register, with Walter in the role of editor. Walter had lost his job by the end of 1784 after the insurance company where he was working went bankrupt because of the complaints of a Jamaican hurricane. Being unemployed, Walter decided to set a new business up. It was in that time when Henry Johnson invented the logography, a new typography that was faster and more precise (three years later, it was proved that it was not as efficient as had been said). Walter bought the logography's patent and to use it, he decided to open a printing house, where he would daily produce an advertising sheet. The first publication of the newspaper The Daily Universal Register in Great Britain was 1 January 1785. Unhappy because people always omitted the word Universal, Ellias changed the title after 940 editions on 1 January 1788 to The Times. In 1803, Walter handed ownership and editorship to his son of the same name. Walter Sr had spent sixteen months in Newgate Prison for libel printed in The Times, but his pioneering efforts to obtain Continental news, especially from France, helped build the paper's reputation among policy makers and financiers."}], ["Walaupun secara tradisinya akhbar sederhana dan kadang-kadang menjadi penyokong Parti Konservatif, ia menyokong Parti Buruh pada pilihan raya umum 2001 dan 2005. Pada tahun 2004, menurut MORI, hasrat mengundi pembaca adalah 40% untuk Parti Konservatif, 29% untuk Demokrat Liberal, dan 26% untuk Buruh. The Times mempunyai peredaran harian purata sebanyak 394,448 pada Mac 2014; dalam tempoh yang sama, The Sunday Times mempunyai peredaran harian purata 839,077. Edisi Amerika The Times telah diterbitkan sejak 6 Jun 2006. Ia telah banyak digunakan oleh para sarjana dan penyelidik kerana ketersediaannya yang luas di perpustakaan dan indeksnya yang terperinci. Satu fail sejarah yang lengkap mengenai kertas digital adalah dalam talian dari penerbit Gage Cengage. <> Secara tradisinya, apakah spektrum politik yang menyokong The Times? || moderate <> Apa parti yang menyokong The Times pada 2001 dan 2005 pemilihan umum? || Parti Buruh <> Pada bulan Mac 2014, The Times mempunyai peredaran harian rata-rata berapa orang? || 394,448 <> Fail sejarah lengkap kertas digital dari The Times adalah dalam talian dan diterbitkan oleh penerbit apa? || Gage Cengage <> Apa parti politik mempunyai pembaca tertinggi The Times? || Parti Konservatif", {"qas": [{"question": "Traditionally, what political spectrum did The Times support?", "id": "5705e4f452bb891400689674", "answers": [{"text": "moderate", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What party did The Times support in 2001 and 2005 general elections?", "id": "5705e4f452bb891400689675", "answers": [{"text": "Labour Party", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In March 2014, The Times had an average daily circulation of how many people?", "id": "5705e4f452bb891400689676", "answers": [{"text": "394,448", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The complete historical file of the digitized paper of The Times is online and published by what publisher?", "id": "5705e4f452bb891400689677", "answers": [{"text": "Gage Cengage", "answer_start": 737}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What political party has the highest readership of The Times?", "id": "5705e4f452bb891400689678", "answers": [{"text": "Conservative Party", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Though traditionally a moderate newspaper and sometimes a supporter of the Conservative Party, it supported the Labour Party in the 2001 and 2005 general elections. In 2004, according to MORI, the voting intentions of its readership were 40% for the Conservative Party, 29% for the Liberal Democrats, and 26% for Labour. The Times had an average daily circulation of 394,448 in March 2014; in the same period, The Sunday Times had an average daily circulation of 839,077. An American edition of The Times has been published since 6 June 2006. It has been heavily used by scholars and researchers because of its widespread availability in libraries and its detailed index. A complete historical file of the digitized paper is online from Gage Cengage publisher."}], ["Beberapa suitors muncul, termasuk Robert Maxwell, Tiny Rowland dan Lord Rothermere; Walau bagaimanapun, hanya satu pembeli yang berada dalam kedudukan untuk memenuhi panggilan Thomson penuh, media massa Australia Rupert Murdoch. Robert Holmes \u00e0 Court, seorang bangsawan Australia yang sebelum ini cuba membelinya The Times pada tahun 1980. <> Seorang ahli media dari negara mana yang membeli The Times pada 1980-an? || Australian <> Apa nama ahli sihir media yang membeli The Times pada tahun 1980-an? || Rupert Murdoch <> Siapa yang pernah menjadi ahli media pada 1980-an membeli The Times dari? || Thomson", {"qas": [{"question": "A media magnate from which country bought The Times in the 1980s?", "id": "5705fcd775f01819005e783a", "answers": [{"text": "Australian", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the media magnate that bought The Times in the 1980s?", "id": "5705fcd775f01819005e783b", "answers": [{"text": "Rupert Murdoch", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did a media magnate in the 1980s buy The Times from?", "id": "5705fcd775f01819005e783c", "answers": [{"text": "Thomson", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Several suitors appeared, including Robert Maxwell, Tiny Rowland and Lord Rothermere; however, only one buyer was in a position to meet the full Thomson remit, Australian media magnate Rupert Murdoch. Robert Holmes \u00e0 Court, another Australian magnate had previously tried to buy The Times in 1980."}], ["Semasa kurun ke-19, tidak jarang Pejabat Luar untuk mendekati The Times dan meminta perisikan kontinental, yang sering lebih tinggi daripada yang disampaikan oleh sumber-sumber rasmi. Agensi mana yang sering menggunakan The Times untuk perisikan kontinental? || Pejabat Luar Negara <> Yang abad pertama yang sering digunakan oleh perisikan untuk perisikan kontinental? || Abad ke-19 <> kecerdasan benua yang disampaikan oleh The Times sering lebih tinggi daripada apa? || sumber rasmi", {"qas": [{"question": "Which agency often used The Times for continental intelligence?", "id": "5705f30452bb891400689708", "answers": [{"text": "the Foreign Office", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which century was The Times first often relied upon for continental intelligence?", "id": "5705f30452bb891400689709", "answers": [{"text": "19th century", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Continental intelligence conveyed by The Times was often superior to what?", "id": "5705f30452bb89140068970a", "answers": [{"text": "official sources", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During the 19th century, it was not infrequent for the Foreign Office to approach The Times and ask for continental intelligence, which was often superior to that conveyed by official sources.[citation needed]"}], ["Pengurusan Thomson Corporation berjuang untuk menjalankan perniagaan itu disebabkan oleh Krisis Tenaga 1979 dan tuntutan kesatuan. Pengurusan ditinggalkan tanpa pilihan tetapi untuk mencari pembeli yang berada dalam kedudukan untuk menjamin kelangsungan hidup kedua-dua gelaran, dan juga yang mempunyai sumber dan komited untuk membiayai pengenalan kaedah percetakan moden. <> Pada tahun 1979, syarikat mana yang berjuang untuk menjalankan The Times? || Thomson Corporation <> Apa krisis pada tahun 1979 menyebabkan hampir kehancuran kepada The Times? || 1979 Krisis Tenaga> Apa tuntutan yang menyebabkan kehancuran kepada The Times pada tahun 1979? || tuntutan kesatuan", {"qas": [{"question": "In 1979, which corporation was struggling to run The Times?", "id": "5705fc0752bb891400689764", "answers": [{"text": "Thomson Corporation", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What crisis in 1979 caused near ruin to The Times?", "id": "5705fc0752bb891400689765", "answers": [{"text": "1979 Energy Crisis", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of demands were causing ruin to The Times in 1979?", "id": "5705fc0752bb891400689766", "answers": [{"text": "union demands", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Thomson Corporation management were struggling to run the business due to the 1979 Energy Crisis and union demands. Management were left with no choice but to find a buyer who was in a position to guarantee the survival of both titles, and also one who had the resources and was committed to funding the introduction of modern printing methods."}], ["Pada tahun berikutnya, apabila Philip Graves, wartawan The Times, Constantinople (Istanbul moden), mendedahkan Protokol sebagai pemalsuan, The Times menarik balik editorial tahun sebelumnya. <> Seorang wartawan Constantinople dari The Times mendedahkan apa dokumen anti-Semitik sebagai pemalsuan? || Protokol <> Siapakah nama koresponden The Times Constantinople yang mendedahkan dokumen anti-Semitik sebagai pemalsuan? || Philip Graves <> Bagaimana The Times bertindak balas terhadap pendedahan dokumen anti-Semitik sebagai pemalsuan? || menarik balik editorial", {"qas": [{"question": "A Constantinople correspondent of The Times exposed what anti-Semitic document as a forgery?", "id": "5705f66d52bb89140068974a", "answers": [{"text": "The Protocols", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the name of the The Times Constantinople correspondent who exposed the anti-Semitic document as a forgery?", "id": "5705f66d52bb89140068974b", "answers": [{"text": "Philip Graves", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did The Times respond to the exposing of anti-Semitic documents as forgery?", "id": "5705f66d52bb89140068974c", "answers": [{"text": "retracted the editorial", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The following year, when Philip Graves, the Constantinople (modern Istanbul) correspondent of The Times, exposed The Protocols as a forgery, The Times retracted the editorial of the previous year."}], ["Pada tahun 1922, John Jacob Astor, anak kepada 1 Viscount Astor, membeli The Times dari harta tanah Northcliffe. Kertas itu mendapat ukuran yang terkenal di tahun 1930-an dengan advokasi kegembiraan Jerman; editor-editor Geoffrey Dawson telah berkait rapat dengan orang-orang dalam kerajaan yang mempraktikkan kegembiraan, terutama Neville Chamberlain. <> Pada tahun 1922, yang membeli The Times? || John Jacob Astor <> Pada tahun 1922, harta yang dijual The Times? || Northcliffe Estate <> The Times mendapat banyak ketenaran pada tahun 1930-an kerana advokasinya apa? || Pengertian Jerman <> Yang mana Editor The Times rapat rapat dengan kerajaan yang mengamalkan penghinaan Jerman? || Geoffrey Dawson <> Yang mana pegawai kerajaan yang paling terkenal telah sekutu The Times pada tahun 1930-an yang mengamalkan penghinaan Jerman? || Neville Chamberlain", {"qas": [{"question": "In 1922, who bought The Times?", "id": "5705f75b75f01819005e77d2", "answers": [{"text": "John Jacob Astor", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1922, which estate sold The Times?", "id": "5705f75b75f01819005e77d3", "answers": [{"text": "Northcliffe estate", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Times gained much notoriety in the 1930s because of its advocacy of what?", "id": "5705f75b75f01819005e77d4", "answers": [{"text": "German appeasement", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which The Times editor was closely allied with the government who practised German appeasement?", "id": "5705f75b75f01819005e77d5", "answers": [{"text": "Geoffrey Dawson", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which notable government official did The Times ally with in the 1930s whom practised German appeasement?", "id": "5705f75b75f01819005e77d6", "answers": [{"text": "Neville Chamberlain", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1922, John Jacob Astor, son of the 1st Viscount Astor, bought The Times from the Northcliffe estate. The paper gained a measure of notoriety in the 1930s with its advocacy of German appeasement; then-editor Geoffrey Dawson was closely allied with those in the government who practised appeasement, most notably Neville Chamberlain."}], ["Kim Philby, seorang ejen berganda Soviet, adalah wartawan untuk akhbar di Sepanyol semasa Perang Saudara Sepanyol lewat tahun 1930-an. Philby dikagumi kerana keberaniannya untuk mendapatkan pelaporan berkualiti tinggi dari barisan depan konflik berdarah. Beliau kemudian menyertai MI6 semasa Perang Dunia II, dinaikkan pangkat menjadi jawatan kanan selepas perang berakhir, kemudian akhirnya membelot ke Uni Soviet pada tahun 1963. <> Siapakah nama agen Soviet yang merupakan koresponden The Times di Sepanyol dalam tahun 1930-an? || Kim Philby <> Seorang ejen berganda Soviet yang bekerja untuk The Times di Sepanyol adalah seorang wartawan perang semasa peperangan di akhir 1930-an? || Perang Saudara Sepanyol <> Semasa Perang Dunia II, agen Soviet yang sepadan dengan The Times di Sepanyol pada tahun 1930-an kemudian menyertai agensi apa? || MI6 <> Pada tahun 1963, satu ejen ganda penting yang memberikan pelaporan berharga dan berkualiti tinggi untuk The Times semasa perang pada akhir 1930-an akhirnya membelot ke negara mana? || Kesatuan Soviet", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was the name of the Soviet double agent who was the correspondent for The Times in Spain in the late 1930s?", "id": "5705f88475f01819005e77f0", "answers": [{"text": "Kim Philby", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A Soviet double agent working for The Times in Spain was a war correspondent during what war in the late 1930s?", "id": "5705f88475f01819005e77f1", "answers": [{"text": "Spanish Civil War", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During World War II, the Soviet double agent who was corresponding for The Times in Spain in the 1930s later joined what agency?", "id": "5705f88475f01819005e77f2", "answers": [{"text": "MI6", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1963, a notable double agent providing valuable and high-quality reporting for The Times during a war in the late 1930s eventually defected to which country?", "id": "5705f88475f01819005e77f3", "answers": [{"text": "Soviet Union", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Kim Philby, a Soviet double agent, was a correspondent for the newspaper in Spain during the Spanish Civil War of the late 1930s. Philby was admired for his courage in obtaining high-quality reporting from the front lines of the bloody conflict. He later joined MI6 during World War II, was promoted into senior positions after the war ended, then eventually defected to the Soviet Union in 1963."}], ["Pada 3 Mei 1966, ia menyambung semula berita percetakan di halaman depan - sebelum ini halaman depan memperlihatkan iklan kecil, biasanya menarik minat kelas-kelas wang dalam masyarakat Inggeris. Pada tahun 1967, ahli-ahli keluarga Astor menjual kertas itu kepada penerbit Kanada, Roy Thomson. Perbadanan Thomson membawanya ke bawah pemilikan yang sama dengan The Sunday Times untuk membentuk Times Newspapers Limited. <> Dalam tahun apakah The Times meneruskan berita percetakan pada halaman depan bukannya iklan kecil? || 1966 <> Pada tahun 1967, keluarga terkenal yang pernah menjual The Times kepada seorang penerbit Kanada? || Keluarga Astor <> Pada tahun 1967, yang mana penerbit Kanada membeli The Times? || Roy Thomson <> Apakah nama syarikat yang membeli The Times pada tahun 1967? || Thomson Corporation <> Yang akhbar lain yang dibawa di bawah kepemilikan yang sama seperti The Times pada tahun 1967 untuk membentuk Times Newspapers Limited? || The Sunday Times", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did The Times resume printing news on the front page instead of small advertisements?", "id": "5705fb2375f01819005e781c", "answers": [{"text": "1966", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1967, what well-known family sold The Times to a Canadian publishing magnate?", "id": "5705fb2375f01819005e781d", "answers": [{"text": "Astor family", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1967, which Canadian publishing magnate bought The Times?", "id": "5705fb2375f01819005e781e", "answers": [{"text": "Roy Thomson", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the corporation that bought The Times in 1967?", "id": "5705fb2375f01819005e781f", "answers": [{"text": "Thomson Corporation", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which other newspaper was brought under the same ownership as The Times in 1967 to form Times Newspapers Limited?", "id": "5705fb2375f01819005e7820", "answers": [{"text": "The Sunday Times", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 3 May 1966 it resumed printing news on the front page - previously the front page featured small advertisements, usually of interest to the moneyed classes in British society. In 1967, members of the Astor family sold the paper to Canadian publishing magnate Roy Thomson. His Thomson Corporation brought it under the same ownership as The Sunday Times to form Times Newspapers Limited."}], ["The Times menghadapi kepupusan kewangan pada tahun 1890 di bawah Arthur Fraser Walter, tetapi ia diselamatkan oleh editor energik, Charles Frederic Moberly Bell. Sepanjang tempohnya (1890-1911), The Times menjadi berkaitan dengan menjual Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica menggunakan kaedah pemasaran Amerika yang agresif yang diperkenalkan oleh Horace Everett Hooper dan eksekutif pengiklanannya, Henry Haxton. Kerana pergaduhan undang-undang antara dua pemilik Britannica, Hooper dan Walter Montgomery Jackson, The Times memutuskan hubungannya pada tahun 1908 dan dibeli oleh perdana menteri akhbar, Alfred Harmsworth, kemudian Lord Northcliffe. <> Editor mana yang hampir merosakkan The Times pada tahun 1890? || Arthur Fraser Walter <> Yang editor yang bertenaga menyelamatkan The Times daripada kejatuhan kewangan pada tahun 1890? || Charles Frederic Moberly Bell <> Ensiklopedia yang mana adalah The Times yang menjual secara agresif ke pasaran Amerika? || Britannica <> Siapa pencipta ensiklopedia yang The Times dikenali kerana menjual ke Amerika? || Horace Everett Hooper <> Siapa yang kemudian membeli ensiklopedia terkenal dari The Times pada tahun 1908? || Alfred Harmsworth", {"qas": [{"question": "Which editor nearly ruined The Times in 1890?", "id": "5705f48452bb89140068972c", "answers": [{"text": "Arthur Fraser Walter", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which energetic editor rescued The Times from financial collapse in 1890?", "id": "5705f48452bb89140068972d", "answers": [{"text": "Charles Frederic Moberly Bell", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which encyclopedia was The Times aggressively selling to American markets?", "id": "5705f48452bb89140068972e", "answers": [{"text": "Britannica", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the creator of the encyclopedia that The Times was known for selling to America?", "id": "5705f48452bb89140068972f", "answers": [{"text": "Horace Everett Hooper", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who later bought the well-known encyclopedia from The Times in 1908?", "id": "5705f48452bb891400689730", "answers": [{"text": "Alfred Harmsworth", "answer_start": 556}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Times faced financial extinction in 1890 under Arthur Fraser Walter, but it was rescued by an energetic editor, Charles Frederic Moberly Bell. During his tenure (1890\u20131911), The Times became associated with selling the Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica using aggressive American marketing methods introduced by Horace Everett Hooper and his advertising executive, Henry Haxton. Due to legal fights between the Britannica's two owners, Hooper and Walter Montgomery Jackson, The Times severed its connection in 1908 and was bought by pioneering newspaper magnate, Alfred Harmsworth, later Lord Northcliffe."}], ["Antara tahun 1941 dan 1946, ahli sejarah British sayap kiri E.H. Carr adalah Penolong Editor. Carr terkenal dengan nada kuat pro-Soviet editorialnya. Pada bulan Disember 1944, ketika pertempuran meletus di Athens antara Komunis Yunani ELAS dan Tentara Britania, Carr dalam editorial Times berpihak kepada Komunis, memimpin Winston Churchill untuk mengutuknya dan pemimpin itu dalam ucapannya kepada Dewan Rakyat. Sebagai hasil daripada editorial Carr, The Times menjadi terkenal di peringkat tahap Perang Dunia II sebagai pekerja Daily Threepenny (harga Pekerja harian menjadi satu sen). <> Antara 1941 dan 1946, ahli sejarah British sayap kiri adalah Penolong Editor untuk The Times? || E.H. Carr <> Penolong Editor The Times pada 1941-1946 sangat menyokong apa sikapnya? || pro-Soviet <> Pihak mana yang menyokong The Times dalam pertempuran yang berlaku di Athens pada tahun 1944? || Komunis <> Yang tokoh politik mana yang mengutuk The Times pada tahun 1944 kerana tidak menyokong Tentera British? || Winston Churchill <> Semasa Perang Dunia II, The Times dijuluki apa pada tahun 1944? || pekerja harian threepenny", {"qas": [{"question": "Between 1941 and 1946, which left-wing British historian was Assistant Editor for The Times?", "id": "5705f9de75f01819005e7802", "answers": [{"text": "E.H. Carr", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Assistant Editor of The Times in 1941-1946 strongly supported what stance?", "id": "5705f9de75f01819005e7803", "answers": [{"text": "pro-Soviet", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which side did The Times support in the fighting that broke out in Athens in 1944?", "id": "5705f9de75f01819005e7804", "answers": [{"text": "Communists", "answer_start": 307}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which major political figure condemned The Times in 1944 for not supporting the British Army?", "id": "5705f9de75f01819005e7805", "answers": [{"text": "Winston Churchill", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During World War II, The Times was nicknamed what in 1944?", "id": "5705f9de75f01819005e7806", "answers": [{"text": "the threepenny Daily Worker", "answer_start": 516}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Between 1941 and 1946, the left-wing British historian E.H. Carr was Assistant Editor. Carr was well known for the strongly pro-Soviet tone of his editorials. In December 1944, when fighting broke out in Athens between the Greek Communist ELAS and the British Army, Carr in a Times editorial sided with the Communists, leading Winston Churchill to condemn him and that leader in a speech to the House of Commons. As a result of Carr's editorial, The Times became popularly known during that stage of World War II as the threepenny Daily Worker (the price of the Daily Worker being one penny)."}], ["Dalam editorial yang diterbitkan pada 29 dan 31 Julai 1914, Wickham Steed, Editor Ketua Times, berhujah bahawa Empayar Britania harus memasuki Perang Dunia I. Pada 8 Mei 1920, juga di bawah penulisan Steed, The Times dalam editorial mengesahkan anti- Fabrikasi Semitik Protokol Penatua yang Sukarela dari Sion sebagai dokumen yang tulen, dan memanggil orang Yahudi bahaya terbesar dunia. Dalam pemimpin yang bertajuk \"Peril Yahudi, Risalah Mengganggu: Panggilan untuk Siasatan\", Steed menulis tentang Protokol Para Penatua Sion: <> Siapa Ketua Pengarang The Times pada tahun 1914? || Wickham Steed <> Ketua Pengarang The Times pada tahun 1914 berhujah bahawa Kerajaan British harus memasuki perang apa? || Perang Dunia I <> Apakah fabrikasi anti-Semitik yang telah dianjurkan The Times pada tahun 1920? || Protokol Para Penatua Belajar Sion <> Setelah menerbitkan editorial anti-Semitik pada tahun 1920, apa yang disebut The Times merujuk kepada orang Yahudi sebagai? || bahaya terbesar di dunia <> Apakah nama artikel anti-Semitik yang Ketua Pengarang Masa diterbitkan pada tahun 1914? || The Peril Yahudi, sebuah Pamphlet Mengganggu: Panggilan untuk Siasatan", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was The Times' Chief Editor in 1914?", "id": "5705f57252bb891400689740", "answers": [{"text": "Wickham Steed", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Chief Editor of The Times in 1914 argued that the British Empire should enter what war?", "id": "5705f57252bb891400689741", "answers": [{"text": "World War I", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What anti-Semitic fabrication did The Times endorse in 1920?", "id": "5705f57252bb891400689742", "answers": [{"text": "The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion", "answer_start": 261}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After publishing anti-Semitic editorials in 1920, what did The Times refer to Jews as being?", "id": "5705f57252bb891400689743", "answers": [{"text": "the world's greatest danger", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the anti-Semitic article that The Time's Chief Editor published in 1914?", "id": "5705f57252bb891400689744", "answers": [{"text": "The Jewish Peril, a Disturbing Pamphlet: Call for Inquiry", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In editorials published on 29 and 31 July 1914, Wickham Steed, the Times's Chief Editor, argued that the British Empire should enter World War I. On 8 May 1920, also under the editorship of Steed, The Times in an editorial endorsed the anti-Semitic fabrication The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion as a genuine document, and called Jews the world's greatest danger. In the leader entitled \"The Jewish Peril, a Disturbing Pamphlet: Call for Inquiry\", Steed wrote about The Protocols of the Elders of Zion:"}], ["Pada 26 Julai 2012, bertepatan dengan permulaan rasmi Sukan Olimpik 2012 London dan mengeluarkan siri penutup cenderahati, The Times menambah akhiran \"London\" ke mastheadnya. <> Apakah acara utama yang berlaku di London pada tahun 2012? || Sukan Olimpik London 2012 <> Apa jenis penutup depan isu The Times pada 26 Julai 2012? || cenderamata <> Pada tahun 2012, The Times menambah apa akhiran ke mastheadnya? || dari London", {"qas": [{"question": "What major event took place in London in 2012?", "id": "5706050752bb8914006897b8", "answers": [{"text": "London 2012 Olympics", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of front cover did The Times issue on 26 July 2012?", "id": "5706050752bb8914006897b9", "answers": [{"text": "souvenir", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2012, The Times added what suffix to its masthead?", "id": "5706050752bb8914006897ba", "answers": [{"text": "of London", "answer_start": 163}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 26 July 2012, to coincide with the official start of the London 2012 Olympics and the issuing of a series of souvenir front covers, The Times added the suffix \"of London\" to its masthead."}], ["Pada Mei 2008 percetakan The Times beralih dari Wapping ke loji-loji baru di Broxbourne di pinggir London, dan Merseyside dan Glasgow, membolehkan kertas itu dihasilkan dengan warna penuh pada setiap halaman buat kali pertama. <> Pada bulan Mei 2008, The Times beralih dari tanaman apa ke tumbuhan baru di Broxbourne, Merseyside, dan Glasgow? || Wapping <> Pada tahun 2008, The Times beralih ke kilang baru di Broxbourne, yang terletak di pinggir bandar apa? || London <> Pada bulan Mei 2008, The Times bertukar kepada tumbuh-tumbuhan baru yang membolehkan ciri-ciri apa yang akan dicetak pada setiap halaman untuk kali pertama? || warna penuh", {"qas": [{"question": "In May 2008, The Times switched from what plant to new plants in Broxbourne, Merseyside, and Glasgow?", "id": "5706049c52bb8914006897b2", "answers": [{"text": "Wapping", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2008, The Times switched to a new plant in Broxbourne, which is on the outskirts of what city?", "id": "5706049c52bb8914006897b3", "answers": [{"text": "London", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In May 2008, The Times switched to new plants which allowed for what kind of feature to be printed on every page for the first time?", "id": "5706049c52bb8914006897b4", "answers": [{"text": "full colour", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In May 2008 printing of The Times switched from Wapping to new plants at Broxbourne on the outskirts of London, and Merseyside and Glasgow, enabling the paper to be produced with full colour on every page for the first time."}], ["Pada tahun 1981, The Times dan The Sunday Times dibeli dari Thomson oleh Rupert Murdoch's News International. Pengambilalihan itu mengikuti tiga minggu perundingan yang intensif dengan kesatuan oleh perunding syarikat, John Collier dan Bill O'Neill. <> Apa syarikat membeli The Times pada tahun 1981? || Berita Antarabangsa <> Siapa yang memiliki perbadanan utama yang membeli The Times pada tahun 1981? || Rupert Murdoch <> Semasa pengambilalihan The Times pada tahun 1981, John Collier dan Bill O'Neill adalah sebahagian daripada kumpulan apa yang melakukan tiga minggu tawaran tawar-menawar yang intensif? || kesatuan", {"qas": [{"question": "What corporation bought The Times in 1981?", "id": "5705fd9e52bb891400689774", "answers": [{"text": "News International", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who owned the major corporation that bought The Times in 1981?", "id": "5705fd9e52bb891400689775", "answers": [{"text": "Rupert Murdoch", "answer_start": 68}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the acquisition of The Times in 1981, John Collier and Bill O'Neill were part of what group that did three weeks of intensive bargaining?", "id": "5705fd9e52bb891400689776", "answers": [{"text": "the unions", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1981, The Times and The Sunday Times were bought from Thomson by Rupert Murdoch's News International. The acquisition followed three weeks of intensive bargaining with the unions by company negotiators, John Collier and Bill O'Neill."}], ["The Times memaparkan berita untuk separuh pertama kertas, seksyen Pendapat / Komen bermula selepas seksyen berita pertama dengan berita dunia biasanya berikut ini. Halaman perniagaan bermula di pusat penyebaran, dan diikuti oleh Daftar, yang mengandungi obituari, seksyen Mahkamah & Sosial, dan bahan yang berkaitan. Bahagian sukan berada di hujung kertas utama. Harga semasa Times adalah \u00a3 1.20 untuk edisi harian dan \u00a3 1.50 untuk edisi Sabtu. <> The Times memaparkan apa yang berlaku pada separuh pertama akhbarnya? || berita <> Bahagian apa yang bermula selepas separuh pertama akhbar The Times? || Bahagian pendapat / Komen <> Apakah harga semasa The Times untuk edisi harian? || \u00a3 1.20 <> Ciri apa yang bermula pada penyebaran tengah The Times? || halaman perniagaan <> Bahagian apa yang dipaparkan di hujung kertas utama The Times? || bahagian sukan", {"qas": [{"question": "The Times features what in the first half of its newspaper?", "id": "570605d175f01819005e7894", "answers": [{"text": "news", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What section begins after the first half of The Times newspaper?", "id": "570605d175f01819005e7895", "answers": [{"text": "Opinion/Comment section", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is The Times current price for the daily edition?", "id": "570605d175f01819005e7896", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a31.20", "answer_start": 392}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What feature begins on the centre spread of The Times?", "id": "570605d175f01819005e7897", "answers": [{"text": "business pages", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What section is featured at the end of the main paper of The Times?", "id": "570605d175f01819005e7898", "answers": [{"text": "sport section", "answer_start": 316}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Times features news for the first half of the paper, the Opinion/Comment section begins after the first news section with world news normally following this. The business pages begin on the centre spread, and are followed by The Register, containing obituaries, Court & Social section, and related material. The sport section is at the end of the main paper. The Times current prices are \u00a31.20 for the daily edition and \u00a31.50 for the Saturday edition."}], ["Dalam mesyuarat 2007 dengan Jawatankuasa Pilihan Dewan mengenai Komunikasi, yang menyiasat pemilikan media dan berita itu, Murdoch menyatakan bahawa undang-undang dan lembaga bebas menghalangnya daripada menjalankan kawalan editorial. <> Dalam tahun apakah mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Pilihan Dewan mengenai Komunikasi yang menyelidiki pemilikan media dan berita? || 2007 <> Dalam pertemuan 2007 dengan pemerintah, Rupert Murdoch, pemilik The Times, menyatakan bahawa undang-undang dan lembaga bebas menghalangnya daripada melakukan apa? || menjalankan editorial editor <> Apa jawatankuasa pemerintah menyiasat Rupert Murdoch dan The Times pada tahun 2007? || House of Lords Pilih Jawatankuasa Komunikasi", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was the meeting of the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications that was investigating media ownership and the news?", "id": "570603ed52bb8914006897a4", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the 2007 meeting with the government, Rupert Murdoch, owner of The Times, stated that the law and the independent board prevented him from doing what?", "id": "570603ed52bb8914006897a5", "answers": [{"text": "exercising editorial control", "answer_start": 205}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What government committee was investigating Rupert Murdoch and The Times in 2007?", "id": "570603ed52bb8914006897a6", "answers": [{"text": "House of Lords Select Committee on Communications", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In a 2007 meeting with the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications, which was investigating media ownership and the news, Murdoch stated that the law and the independent board prevented him from exercising editorial control."}], ["Pada bulan November 2003, News International mula mengeluarkan surat khabar dalam saiz broadsheet dan tabloid. Pada 13 September 2004, broadsheet hari kerja telah ditarik balik dari penjualan di Ireland Utara. Sejak 1 November 2004, kertas itu telah dicetak semata-mata dalam format tabloid. <> Dalam tahun apakah Berita Antarabangsa mula mengeluarkan The Times dalam kedua-dua broadsheet dalam saiz tabloid? || 2003 <> Apabila The Times mula menghasilkan kertas kerja dalam saiz broadsheet dan tabloid, di mana rantau itu mengeluarkan The broadsheet dari jualan? || Ireland Utara <> The Times dicetak semata-mata dalam format apa sejak tahun 2004? || format tabloid", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did News International begin producing The Times in both broadsheet in tabloid sizes?", "id": "5706021752bb891400689798", "answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When The Times began producing its newpaper in both broadsheet and tabloid sizes, which region did The Times withdraw its broadsheet from sale?", "id": "5706021752bb891400689799", "answers": [{"text": "Northern Ireland", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Times is printed solely in what format since 2004?", "id": "5706021752bb89140068979a", "answers": [{"text": "tabloid format", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In November 2003, News International began producing the newspaper in both broadsheet and tabloid sizes. On 13 September 2004, the weekday broadsheet was withdrawn from sale in Northern Ireland. Since 1 November 2004, the paper has been printed solely in tabloid format."}], ["Pada bulan Jun 1990, The Times menghentikan polisi penggunaan hak milik (\"awalan\", \"Puan\", atau awalan \"Miss\") untuk orang hidup sebelum nama penuh pada rujukan pertama, tetapi terus menggunakannya sebelum nama keluarga pada rujukan berikutnya. Gaya yang lebih formal sekarang hanya terhad kepada halaman \"Mahkamah dan Sosial\", walaupun \"Ms\" kini boleh diterima di bahagian itu, serta sebelum nama keluarga di bahagian berita. <> Dalam tahun apakah The Times menghentikan dasar menggunakan hak milik untuk orang hidup sebelum nama penuh pada rujukan pertama? || 1990 <> Apakah jenis gaya sekarang yang terkurung pada halaman \"Mahkamah dan Sosial\" The Times ketika merujuk kepada penggunaan hak milik? || gaya formal <> Apabila The Times menghentikan dasar penggunaan hak milik, ia terus menggunakannya untuk apa nama nama rujukan selepas yang pertama? || nama keluarga", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did The Times ceased its policy of using courtesy titles for living persons before full names on first reference?", "id": "5706017c75f01819005e785e", "answers": [{"text": "1990", "answer_start": 8}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of style is now confined to the \"Court and Social\" page of The Times when referring to the use of courtesy titles?", "id": "5706017c75f01819005e785f", "answers": [{"text": "formal style", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When The Times ceased its policy of using courtesy titles, it continued to use them for what kind of name on references after the first?", "id": "5706017c75f01819005e7860", "answers": [{"text": "surnames", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In June 1990, The Times ceased its policy of using courtesy titles (\"Mr\", \"Mrs\", or \"Miss\" prefixes) for living persons before full names on first reference, but it continues to use them before surnames on subsequent references. The more formal style is now confined to the \"Court and Social\" page, though \"Ms\" is now acceptable in that section, as well as before surnames in news sections."}], ["Robert Fisk, tujuh kali Wartawan Antarabangsa Britain, meletak jawatan sebagai wartawan asing pada tahun 1988 atas apa yang dilihatnya sebagai \"penapisan politik\" artikelnya mengenai penembakan Iran Air Flight 655 pada bulan Julai 1988. Beliau menulis secara terperinci mengenai beliau sebab-sebab untuk mengundurkan diri dari kertas kerana campur tangan dengan cerita-ceritanya, dan pendirian pro-Israel kertas itu. <> Wartawan utama mana yang meletak jawatan sebagai wartawan asing Times dalam tahun 1988? || Robert Fisk <> Wartawan asing yang meletak jawatan dari The Times pada tahun 1988 memenangi berapa banyak penghargaan kewartawanan utama? || tujuh <> koresponden asing untuk The Times yang meletak jawatan pada tahun 1988, mengundurkan diri atas sebab apa? || penapisan politik <> Apakah sikap yang diambil oleh The Times yang menyebabkan seorang wartawan asing terkenal meletakkan jawatan pada tahun 1988? || pro-Israel pendirian <> Pesawat apa yang ditembak jatuh pada bulan Julai 1988 bahawa seorang koresponden asing terkenal dari The Times menulis artikel tentang hal itu kemudian mengarah kepada peletakan jawatannya? || Iran Air Flight 655", {"qas": [{"question": "Which major journalist resigned as foreign correspondent of the Times in 1988?", "id": "5705ffff75f01819005e7854", "answers": [{"text": "Robert Fisk", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The foreign correspondent who resigned from The Times in 1988 won how many major journalism awards?", "id": "5705ffff75f01819005e7855", "answers": [{"text": "seven", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The foreign correspondent for The Times who resigned in 1988, resigned for what reason?", "id": "5705ffff75f01819005e7856", "answers": [{"text": "political censorship", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What stance did The Times take that cause a famous foreign correspondent to resign in 1988?", "id": "5705ffff75f01819005e7857", "answers": [{"text": "pro-Israel stance", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What airplane was shot down in July 1988 that a famous foreign correspondent from The Times wrote an article about that later lead to his resignation?", "id": "5705ffff75f01819005e7858", "answers": [{"text": "Iran Air Flight 655", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Robert Fisk, seven times British International Journalist of the Year, resigned as foreign correspondent in 1988 over what he saw as \"political censorship\" of his article on the shooting-down of Iran Air Flight 655 in July 1988. He wrote in detail about his reasons for resigning from the paper due to meddling with his stories, and the paper's pro-Israel stance."}], ["Pada 6 Jun 2005, The Times mengarang semula halaman Suratnya, menjatuhkan amalan percetakan alamat pos koresponden penuh. Surat yang diterbitkan telah lama dianggap sebagai salah satu komponen utama kertas. Pengarang / Pengacara David Green dari Castle Morris Pembrokeshire mempunyai lebih banyak surat yang diterbitkan pada halaman surat utama daripada penyumbang lain yang diketahui - 158 pada 31 Januari 2008. Menurut artikel utamanya, \"Dari Koresponden Kami Sendiri\", penghapusan alamat pos penuh adalah untuk memuat lebih banyak huruf ke halaman. <> Pada 6 Jun 2005, The Times mendesain ulang halaman halamannya? || Surat surat <> Pada tahun 2005, The Times menurunkan amalan mencetak ciri-ciri apa yang menjadi korespondennya? || alamat pos penuh <> Pengarang dan peguam cara mana yang mempunyai lebih banyak surat yang diterbitkan di halaman surat utama The Times daripada mana-mana penyumbang lain yang diketahui? || David Green of Castle Morris Pembrokeshire <> Penulis dan pengacara terkemuka halaman surat dalam The Times mempunyai berapa artikel yang diterbitkan? || 158 <> Apakah nama artikel utama yang merujuk penyingkiran ciri utama dalam The Times pada tahun 2005? || Dari Koresponden Kami Sendiri", {"qas": [{"question": "On 6 June 2005, The Times redesigned what page of its newspaper?", "id": "5706035a75f01819005e7878", "answers": [{"text": "Letters page", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2005, The Times dropped the practice of printing what kind of feature of its correspondents?", "id": "5706035a75f01819005e7879", "answers": [{"text": "full postal addresses", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which author and solicitor has had more letters published on the main letters page of The Times than any other known contributor?", "id": "5706035a75f01819005e787a", "answers": [{"text": "David Green of Castle Morris Pembrokeshire", "answer_start": 222}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The leading author and solicitor of the letters page in The Times had how many articles published?", "id": "5706035a75f01819005e787b", "answers": [{"text": "158", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the leading article that referenced the removal of a major feature in The Times in 2005?", "id": "5706035a75f01819005e787c", "answers": [{"text": "From Our Own Correspondents", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 6 June 2005, The Times redesigned its Letters page, dropping the practice of printing correspondents' full postal addresses. Published letters were long regarded as one of the paper's key constituents. Author/solicitor David Green of Castle Morris Pembrokeshire has had more letters published on the main letters page than any other known contributor \u2013 158 by 31 January 2008. According to its leading article, \"From Our Own Correspondents\", removal of full postal addresses was in order to fit more letters onto the page."}], ["Selepas 14 tahun sebagai editor, William Rees-Mogg meletak jawatan selepas menyelesaikan perubahan pemilikan. Murdoch mula membuat tanda pada kertas itu dengan melantik Harold Evans sebagai penggantinya. Salah satu perubahan yang paling penting ialah pengenalan teknologi baru dan langkah kecekapan. Pada bulan Mac-Mei 1982, berikutan persetujuan dengan kesatuan cetak, proses percetakan Linotype logam panas digunakan untuk mencetak The Times sejak abad ke-19 telah dihentikan dan digantikan oleh input komputer dan komposisi foto. Ini membolehkan kakitangan bilik cetakan di The Times dan The Sunday Times dikurangkan separuh. Walau bagaimanapun, input langsung teks oleh wartawan (\"input tunggal\") masih belum dicapai, dan ini adalah untuk menjadi langkah sementara sehingga pertikaian Wapping tahun 1986, apabila The Times berpindah dari New Printing House Square di Gray's Inn Road (berhampiran Fleet Street) ke pejabat baru di Wapping. <> Apabila The Times dibeli pada tahun 1982, yang meletak jawatan sebagai editor? || William Rees-Mogg <> Berapa tahun sebagai editor editor yang meletak jawatan dari The Times pada tahun 1982? || 14 tahun <> Pada tahun 1982, apakah nama editor yang menggantikan editor The Times sebelum ini? || Harold Evans <> Apa proses percetakan untuk The Times digantikan oleh komputer pada tahun 1982? || proses percetakan Linotype panas-logam <> Pada tahun 1982, kakitangan bilik cetakan yang dibenarkan di The Times dan The Sunday Times telah dikurangkan dengan berapa banyak? || separuh", {"qas": [{"question": "When The Times was bought in 1982, who resigned as editor?", "id": "5705fed175f01819005e784a", "answers": [{"text": "William Rees-Mogg", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many years as an editor was editor who resigned from The Times in 1982?", "id": "5705fed175f01819005e784b", "answers": [{"text": "14 years", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1982, what is the name of the editor who replaced the previous editor of The Times?", "id": "5705fed175f01819005e784c", "answers": [{"text": "Harold Evans", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What printing process for The Times was replaced by computers in 1982?", "id": "5705fed175f01819005e784d", "answers": [{"text": "hot-metal Linotype printing process", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1982, the allowed print room staff at The Times and The Sunday Times was reduced by how much?", "id": "5705fed175f01819005e784e", "answers": [{"text": "half", "answer_start": 590}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After 14 years as editor, William Rees-Mogg resigned the post upon completion of the change of ownership. Murdoch began to make his mark on the paper by appointing Harold Evans as his replacement. One of his most important changes was the introduction of new technology and efficiency measures. In March\u2013May 1982, following agreement with print unions, the hot-metal Linotype printing process used to print The Times since the 19th century was phased out and replaced by computer input and photo-composition. This allowed print room staff at The Times and The Sunday Times to be reduced by half. However, direct input of text by journalists (\"single stroke\" input) was still not achieved, and this was to remain an interim measure until the Wapping dispute of 1986, when The Times moved from New Printing House Square in Gray's Inn Road (near Fleet Street) to new offices in Wapping."}], ["Dalam kaji selidik pembaca kebangsaan 2009 The Times didapati mempunyai bilangan pembaca ABC1 25-44 tertinggi dan bilangan pembaca terbesar di London dari mana-mana kertas \"kualiti\". <> Dalam kaji selidik pembaca kebangsaan 2009, akhbar apa yang mempunyai jumlah pembaca ABC1 25-44 tertinggi? || The Times <> Apa akhbar mempunyai bilangan pembaca tertinggi di London dari mana-mana kertas \"kualiti\"? || The Times <> The Times didapati mempunyai jumlah pembaca tertinggi dari kumpulan umur apa? || 25-44", {"qas": [{"question": "In a 2009 national readership survey, what newspaper has the highest number of ABC1 25-44 readers?", "id": "57060c0052bb891400689808", "answers": [{"text": "The Times", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What newspaper has the highest number of readers in London of any of the \"quality\" papers?", "id": "57060c0052bb891400689809", "answers": [{"text": "The Times", "answer_start": 37}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Times is found to have the highest number of readers from what age group?", "id": "57060c0052bb89140068980a", "answers": [{"text": "25\u201344", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In a 2009 national readership survey The Times was found to have the highest number of ABC1 25\u201344 readers and the largest numbers of readers in London of any of the \"quality\" papers."}], ["The Sunday Times mempunyai peredaran yang jauh lebih tinggi daripada The Times, dan kadang-kadang melampaui The Sunday Telegraph. Sehingga Januari 2013, The Times mempunyai edaran 399,339 dan The Sunday Times sebanyak 885,612. <> Akhbar mana yang mempunyai peredaran yang jauh lebih tinggi, The Sunday Times atau The Times? || The Sunday Times <> Sehingga Januari 2013, The Times mempunyai peredaran berapa orang? || 399,339 <> Sehingga Januari 2013, The Sunday Times mempunyai peredaran berapa ramai orang? || 885,612", {"qas": [{"question": "Which newspaper has a significantly higher circulation, The Sunday Times or The Times?", "id": "57060b8875f01819005e78ec", "answers": [{"text": "The Sunday Times", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of January 2013, The Times has a circulation of how many people?", "id": "57060b8875f01819005e78ed", "answers": [{"text": "399,339", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of January 2013, The Sunday Times has a circulation of how many people?", "id": "57060b8875f01819005e78ee", "answers": [{"text": "885,612", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Sunday Times has a significantly higher circulation than The Times, and sometimes outsells The Sunday Telegraph. As of January 2013, The Times has a circulation of 399,339 and The Sunday Times of 885,612."}], ["Permainan ini termasuk dalam akhbar pada hari Isnin, dan perincian aktiviti bola sepak hujung minggu (Liga Perdana dan Kejuaraan Liga Bola Sepak, Liga Satu dan Liga Dua). Edisi Skotlandia The Game juga termasuk hasil dan analisis dari permainan Liga Perdana Scotland. <> Apakah aktiviti sukan yang dipaparkan di The Times pada hari Isnin? || bola sepak <> Apa jenis permainan bola sepak yang dipaparkan dalam edisi Scotland The Times? || Liga Perdana Scotland <> Apakah nama bahagian yang memaparkan bola sepak pada hari Isnin di The Times? || Permainan", {"qas": [{"question": "What sports activity is featured in The Times on Mondays?", "id": "570606f052bb8914006897c6", "answers": [{"text": "football", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of football game is featured in the Scottish edition of The Times?", "id": "570606f052bb8914006897c7", "answers": [{"text": "Scottish Premier League", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the section that features football on Mondays in The Times?", "id": "570606f052bb8914006897c8", "answers": [{"text": "The Game", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Game is included in the newspaper on Mondays, and details all the weekend's football activity (Premier League and Football League Championship, League One and League Two.) The Scottish edition of The Game also includes results and analysis from Scottish Premier League games."}], ["Arkib Digital Times (1785-2008) boleh diakses secara bebas melalui pangkalan data Gale kepada pembaca yang bergabung dengan akademik, awam, dan perpustakaan sekolah yang melanggan. <> Apakah nama arkib digital yang memegang arkib sejarah Times? || Arkib Digital Times <> Arkib sejarah Times boleh diakses secara dalam talian dari pangkalan data apa? || Pangkalan data Gale <> Pembaca jenis apa yang boleh melanggan arkib digital The Times? || akademik", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the digital archive that holds The Times historical archive?", "id": "570609e452bb8914006897f2", "answers": [{"text": "The Times Digital Archive", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Times historical archive is freely accessible online from what database?", "id": "570609e452bb8914006897f3", "answers": [{"text": "Gale databases", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of reader can subscribe to the digital archive of The Times?", "id": "570609e452bb8914006897f4", "answers": [{"text": "academic", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Times Digital Archive (1785\u20132008) is freely accessible via Gale databases to readers affiliated with subscribing academic, public, and school libraries."}], ["Edisi Sabtu The Times mengandungi pelbagai makanan tambahan. Tambahan ini dilancarkan semula pada bulan Januari 2009 seperti: Sukan, Hujung Minggu (termasuk ciri perjalanan dan gaya hidup), Kajian Sabtu (seni, buku, dan idea), Majalah Times (lajur dalam pelbagai topik), dan Senarai Main (panduan penyenaraian hiburan). <> Apakah nama bahagian edisi Sabtu The Times yang menampilkan perjalanan dan gaya hidup? || Weekend <> Seni, buku, dan idea dipaparkan dalam bahagian apa dalam edisi Sabtu The Times? || Ulasan Sabtu <> Senarai penyenaraian hiburan dalam edisi Sabtu The Times dipanggil apa? || Senarai main", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the section of the Saturday edition of The Times that features travel and lifestyle?", "id": "5706076875f01819005e78ae", "answers": [{"text": "Weekend", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Arts, books, and ideas are featured in what section in the Saturday edition of The Times?", "id": "5706076875f01819005e78af", "answers": [{"text": "Saturday Review", "answer_start": 181}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "An entertainment listings guide in the Saturday edition of The Times is called what?", "id": "5706076875f01819005e78b0", "answers": [{"text": "Playlist", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Saturday edition of The Times contains a variety of supplements. These supplements were relaunched in January 2009 as: Sport, Weekend (including travel and lifestyle features), Saturday Review (arts, books, and ideas), The Times Magazine (columns on various topics), and Playlist (an entertainment listings guide)."}], ["Lawatan ke laman web menurun sebanyak 87% sejak paywall diperkenalkan, dari 21 juta pengguna unik setiap bulan menjadi 2.7 juta. Pada bulan April 2009, laman web kali ini mempunyai pembaca sebanyak 750,000 pembaca setiap hari. Sehingga Oktober 2011, terdapat kira-kira 111,000 pelanggan untuk produk digital The Times. <> Lawatan ke laman web The Times telah menurun sebanyak berapa sejak Oktober 2011? || 87% <> Apakah sebabnya penurunan dramatik dalam lawatan ke laman web The Times? || paywall <> Pada bulan April 2009, berapa ramai pembaca laman web kalionline mempunyai sehari? || 750,000 <> Setakat bulan Oktober 2011, berapa pelanggan yang mempunyai produk digital The Times? || 111,000", {"qas": [{"question": "Visits to The Times website have decreased by how much since October 2011?", "id": "57060a7675f01819005e78dc", "answers": [{"text": "87%", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the reason for the dramatic drop in visits to The Times website?", "id": "57060a7675f01819005e78dd", "answers": [{"text": "paywall", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In April 2009, how many readers did the timesonline website have per day?", "id": "57060a7675f01819005e78de", "answers": [{"text": "750,000", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of October 2011, how many subscribers does The Times' digital product currently have?", "id": "57060a7675f01819005e78df", "answers": [{"text": "111,000", "answer_start": 253}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Visits to the websites have decreased by 87% since the paywall was introduced, from 21 million unique users per month to 2.7 million. In April 2009, the timesonline site had a readership of 750,000 readers per day. As of October 2011, there were around 111,000 subscribers to The Times' digital products."}], ["The Times dan The Sunday Times mempunyai kehadiran dalam talian sejak Mac 1999, pada asalnya di-times.co.uk dan sunday-times.co.uk, dan kemudian timesonline.co.uk. Sekarang terdapat dua laman web: thetimes.co.uk bertujuan pembaca harian, dan laman web thesundaytimes.co.uk menyediakan kandungan seperti majalah mingguan. Terdapat juga edisi iPad dan Android kedua-dua akhbar. Sejak Julai 2010, News UK telah meminta pembaca yang tidak melanggan edisi cetak untuk membayar \u00a3 2 seminggu untuk membaca The Times dan The Sunday Times dalam talian. <> Sejak tahun apa yang The Times dan The Sunday Times mempunyai dalam talian? || 1999 <> Apakah URL laman web dalam talian untuk The Times? || timesonline.co.uk <> Laman web, thetimes.co.uk, bertujuan untuk pembaca jenis apa? || pembaca harian <> Laman web, thesundaytimes.co.uk, menyediakan jenis kandungan apa? || kandungan majalah seperti mingguan <> Berapakah jumlah pelanggan yang tidak perlu dibayar oleh The Times untuk membaca versi dalam talian? || \u00a3 2 seminggu", {"qas": [{"question": "Since what year has The Times and The Sunday Times had an online presense?", "id": "5706095a75f01819005e78c8", "answers": [{"text": "1999", "answer_start": 71}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the URL of online website for The Times?", "id": "5706095a75f01819005e78c9", "answers": [{"text": "timesonline.co.uk", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The website, thetimes.co.uk, is aimed at what kind of reader?", "id": "5706095a75f01819005e78ca", "answers": [{"text": "daily readers", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The website, thesundaytimes.co.uk, provides what kind of content?", "id": "5706095a75f01819005e78cb", "answers": [{"text": "weekly magazine-like content", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much does a non-subscriber of The Times need to pay to read the online versions?", "id": "5706095a75f01819005e78cc", "answers": [{"text": "\u00a32 per week", "answer_start": 466}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Times and The Sunday Times have had an online presence since March 1999, originally at the-times.co.uk and sunday-times.co.uk, and later at timesonline.co.uk. There are now two websites: thetimes.co.uk is aimed at daily readers, and the thesundaytimes.co.uk site at providing weekly magazine-like content. There are also iPad and Android editions of both newspapers. Since July 2010, News UK has required readers who do not subscribe to the print edition to pay \u00a32 per week to read The Times and The Sunday Times online."}], ["Tambahan utama Times, setiap hari, adalah kali2, memaparkan pelbagai ruang gaya hidup. Ia telah ditamatkan pada 1 Mac 2010 tetapi diperkenalkan semula pada 11 Oktober 2010 selepas maklum balas negatif. Ciri-ciri biasa termasuk seksyen teka-teki yang dikenali sebagai Permainan Minda. Penjelmaan sebelumnya bermula pada 5 September 2005, yang sebelum ini dipanggil T2 dan sebelum ini Times 2. Ciri-ciri biasa termasuk lajur oleh kolumnis berbeza setiap hari kerja. Sebagai contoh, terdapat ruang oleh Marcus du Sautoy setiap hari Rabu. Halaman belakang dikhaskan untuk teka-teki dan mengandungi sudoku, \"Killer Sudoku\", \"KenKen\", teka-teki polygon perkataan, dan kata silang silang lebih mudah dan ringkas daripada \"Crossword\" utama. <> Apakah nama ruang gaya The Times? || times2 <> The Times mempunyai seksyen teka-teki yang dipanggil apa? || Permainan Minda <> Apakah nama permainan sudoku dalam The Times? || Killer Sudoku", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the lifestyle column of The Times?", "id": "5706064f75f01819005e789e", "answers": [{"text": "times2", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Times features a puzzles section called what?", "id": "5706064f75f01819005e789f", "answers": [{"text": "Mind Games", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the sudoku game in The Times?", "id": "5706064f75f01819005e78a0", "answers": [{"text": "Killer Sudoku", "answer_start": 560}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Times's main supplement, every day, is the times2, featuring various lifestyle columns. It was discontinued on 1 March 2010 but reintroduced on 11 October 2010 after negative feedback. Its regular features include a puzzles section called Mind Games. Its previous incarnation began on 5 September 2005, before which it was called T2 and previously Times 2. Regular features include columns by a different columnist each weekday. There was a column by Marcus du Sautoy each Wednesday, for example. The back pages are devoted to puzzles and contain sudoku, \"Killer Sudoku\", \"KenKen\", word polygon puzzles, and a crossword simpler and more concise than the main \"Times Crossword\"."}], ["Pada masa pelantikan Harold Evans sebagai editor pada tahun 1981, The Times mempunyai jualan harian purata sebanyak 282,000 salinan berbanding dengan 1.4 juta jualan harian saingan tradisional The Daily Telegraph. Menjelang November 2005 The Times menjual purata 691,283 salinan sehari, tertinggi kedua dari mana-mana akhbar British \"kualiti\" (selepas The Daily Telegraph, yang mempunyai edaran 903,405 salinan dalam tempoh itu), dan tertinggi dari segi penuh -rate jualan. Menjelang Mac 2014, purata edaran harian The Times telah jatuh ke 394,448 eksemplar, berbanding dengan The Daily Telegraph 523,048, dengan kedua-dua penahan masing-masing edaran kedua dan tertinggi di kalangan akhbar British \"kualiti\". Sebaliknya The Sun, akhbar harian \"tabloid\" yang paling laris di United Kingdom, menjual purata 2,069,809 salinan pada bulan Mac 2014, dan Daily Mail, akhbar harian Inggeris \"pasar tengah\" yang paling laris menjual purata rata-rata 1,708,006 salinan dalam tempoh tersebut. <> Tahun apa Harold Evans dilantik untuk editor The Times? || 1981 <> The Times mempunyai pesaing tradisional dengan apa akhbar utama British yang lain? || The Daily Telegraph <> Apa nama akhbar tabloid harian paling laris di United Kingdom? || The Sun <> Apakah nama pasar harian paling tinggi jualan akhbar harian British? || Surat harian", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was Harold Evans appointed to editor of The Times?", "id": "57060b2575f01819005e78e4", "answers": [{"text": "1981", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Times has a traditional rival with what other major British newspaper?", "id": "57060b2575f01819005e78e5", "answers": [{"text": "The Daily Telegraph", "answer_start": 184}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the highest-selling tabloid daily newspaper in the United Kingdom?", "id": "57060b2575f01819005e78e6", "answers": [{"text": "The Sun", "answer_start": 715}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the highest-selling middle market British daily newspaper?", "id": "57060b2575f01819005e78e7", "answers": [{"text": "Daily Mail", "answer_start": 852}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At the time of Harold Evans' appointment as editor in 1981, The Times had an average daily sale of 282,000 copies in comparison to the 1.4 million daily sales of its traditional rival The Daily Telegraph. By November 2005 The Times sold an average of 691,283 copies per day, the second-highest of any British \"quality\" newspaper (after The Daily Telegraph, which had a circulation of 903,405 copies in the period), and the highest in terms of full-rate sales. By March 2014, average daily circulation of The Times had fallen to 394,448 copies, compared to The Daily Telegraph's 523,048, with the two retaining respectively the second-highest and highest circulations among British \"quality\" newspapers. In contrast The Sun, the highest-selling \"tabloid\" daily newspaper in the United Kingdom, sold an average of 2,069,809 copies in March 2014, and the Daily Mail, the highest-selling \"middle market\" British daily newspaper, sold an average of 1,708,006 copies in the period."}], ["Majalah Times mempunyai lajur menyentuh pelbagai subjek seperti selebriti, fesyen dan kecantikan, makanan dan minuman, rumah dan taman atau hanya anekdot penulis. Penyumbang utama termasuk Giles Coren, Penulis Makanan dan Minuman Tahun Ini pada tahun 2005 dan Nadiya Hussain, pemenang BBC The Great British Bake Off. <> Apakah nama penyumbang utama kepada The Times Magazine columns yang menjadi Penulis Makanan dan Minuman Tahun Tahun 2005? || Giles Coren <> Apa nama pemenang BBC The Great British Bake Off yang juga seorang penulis lajur di bahagian The Times Magazine? || Nadiya Hussain <> Pada tahun apa yang menjadi penyumbang Times Magazine, Gile Coren, menjadi Penulis Makanan dan Minuman Tahun Ini? || 2005 <> Nadiya Hussain, seorang penulis kolum Times Magazine, dikenali sebagai pemenang pertandingan BBC? || The Great British Bake Off <> Apa nama bahagian yang mempunyai lajur menyentuh subjek seperti selebriti, fesyen dan kecantikan, makanan dan minuman, rumah dan taman atau hanya anekdot penulis? || Majalah Times", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the notable contributor to The Times Magazine columns that became the Food and Drink Writer of the Year in 2005?", "id": "5706088275f01819005e78be", "answers": [{"text": "Giles Coren", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the winner of BBC's The Great British Bake Off who is also a column writer in The Times Magazine section?", "id": "5706088275f01819005e78bf", "answers": [{"text": "Nadiya Hussain", "answer_start": 258}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did notable Times Magazine contributor, Gile Coren, become Food and Drink Writer of the Year?", "id": "5706088275f01819005e78c0", "answers": [{"text": "2005", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Nadiya Hussain, a Times Magazine column writer, is known for being the winner of what BBC contest?", "id": "5706088275f01819005e78c1", "answers": [{"text": "The Great British Bake Off", "answer_start": 290}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the section that features columns touching on subjects such as celebrities, fashion and beauty, food and drink, homes and garden or simply writers' anecdotes?", "id": "5706088275f01819005e78c2", "answers": [{"text": "The Times Magazine", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Times Magazine features columns touching on various subjects such as celebrities, fashion and beauty, food and drink, homes and gardens or simply writers' anecdotes. Notable contributors include Giles Coren, Food and Drink Writer of the Year in 2005 and Nadiya Hussain, winner of BBC's The Great British Bake Off."}], ["Times Atlases telah dihasilkan sejak 1895. Mereka kini dihasilkan oleh jejak Collins Bartholomew HarperCollins Publishers. Produk utama ialah The Atlas Comprehensive Times of the World. <> The Times mula menghasilkan apa jenis produk bukan akhbar pada tahun 1895? || Atlases <> Apa penerbit mencetak Atlas Times? || HarperCollins Publishers <> Apakah nama atlas The Times? || Atlas Komprehensif Times di Dunia", {"qas": [{"question": "The Times began producing what kind of non-newspaper product in 1895?", "id": "5706125975f01819005e7942", "answers": [{"text": "Atlases", "answer_start": 6}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What publisher prints The Times atlas?", "id": "5706125975f01819005e7943", "answers": [{"text": "HarperCollins Publishers", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of The Times' atlas?", "id": "5706125975f01819005e7944", "answers": [{"text": "The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Times Atlases have been produced since 1895. They are currently produced by the Collins Bartholomew imprint of HarperCollins Publishers. The flagship product is The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World."}], ["The Times kadang-kadang membuat sokongan untuk pilihan raya asing. Pada bulan November 2012, ia menyokong istilah kedua untuk Barack Obama walaupun ia juga menyatakan keberatan mengenai dasar asingnya. <> Dalam tahun apakah The Times membuat pengesahan untuk Barack Obama? || 2012 <> Siapa yang menyokong The Times pada tahun 2012 untuk pemilihan presiden A.S.? || Barack Obama <> Dasar macam apakah yang telah diajukan oleh The Times ketika memaparkan mengenai pendirian politik Barack Obama? || dasar luar", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did The Times make an endorsement for Barack Obama?", "id": "57060fde52bb891400689836", "answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did The Times support in 2012 for the election of the U.S. president?", "id": "57060fde52bb891400689837", "answers": [{"text": "Barack Obama", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of policy did The Times express reservation for when concerning the political stances of Barack Obama?", "id": "57060fde52bb891400689838", "answers": [{"text": "foreign policy", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Times occasionally makes endorsements for foreign elections. In November 2012, it endorsed a second term for Barack Obama although it also expressed reservations about his foreign policy."}], ["Dalam dunia masa depan yang tersendiri dari George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, The Times telah diubah menjadi organ parti pemerintah totalitarian, editorialnya-yang mana beberapa disebutkan dalam buku itu-mencerminkan pengumuman Big Brother. <> Dalam novel apa yang diterbitkan oleh The Times sebagai organ parti berkuasa totaliter? || Sembilan belas Sembilan puluh Empat puluh> Apa nama pengarang Sembilan belas Empat Empat? || George Orwell <> Dunia masa depan apa yang dibuat George Orwell dalam novelnya, Sembilan belas Empat Empat? || dystopian", {"qas": [{"question": "In what novel was The Times featured as an organ of a totalitarian ruling party?", "id": "5706131752bb89140068985e", "answers": [{"text": "Nineteen Eighty-Four", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the author of Nineteen Eighty-Four?", "id": "5706131752bb89140068985f", "answers": [{"text": "George Orwell", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of future world did George Orwell create in his novel, Nineteen Eighty-Four?", "id": "5706131752bb891400689860", "answers": [{"text": "dystopian", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the dystopian future world of George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, The Times has been transformed into the organ of the totalitarian ruling party, its editorials\u2014of which several are quoted in the book\u2014reflecting Big Brother's pronouncements."}], ["The Times, bersama-sama dengan Institut Filem British, menaja Festival Filem London \"The Times\". Ia juga menaja Festival Kesusasteraan Cheltenham dan Asia House Festival of Asian Literature di Asia House, London. <> Apa festival filem yang menyokong The Times yang juga disokong bersama Institut Filem British? || Festival Filem London <> Perayaan apa yang dipaparkan di Asia House, London? || Festival Rumah Asia Kesusasteraan Asia <> Festival Kesusasteraan Cheltenham disokong oleh apa akhbar utama? || The Times", {"qas": [{"question": "What film festival does The Times support that is also supported alongside the British Film Institute?", "id": "5706108452bb89140068983c", "answers": [{"text": "London Film Festival", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What festival is featured at Asia House, London?", "id": "5706108452bb89140068983d", "answers": [{"text": "Asia House Festival of Asian Literature", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Cheltenham Literature Festival is supported by what major newspaper?", "id": "5706108452bb89140068983e", "answers": [{"text": "The Times", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Times, along with the British Film Institute, sponsors the \"The Times\" bfi London Film Festival. It also sponsors the Cheltenham Literature Festival and the Asia House Festival of Asian Literature at Asia House, London."}], ["Majalah bulanan 164 halaman ini dijual secara berasingan dari akhbar rekod dan majalah perjalanan terlaris Britain. Isu pertama The Sunday Times Travel Magazine pada tahun 2003, dan ia termasuk berita, ciri dan panduan orang dalam. <> Apakah nama majalah perjalanan yang dijual oleh The Times? || Majalah Perjalanan Ahad Times <> Pada tahun apakah majalah Perjalanan The Times pertama kali dijual? || 2003 <> Berapa muka halaman majalah The Times? || 164 <> Apa nama majalah perjalanan terlaris Britain? || Majalah Travel Times Ahad", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the travel magazine sold by The Times?", "id": "570612ba75f01819005e7948", "answers": [{"text": "Sunday Times Travel Magazine", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was The Times' travel magazine first sold?", "id": "570612ba75f01819005e7949", "answers": [{"text": "2003", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many pages is The Times' travel magazine?", "id": "570612ba75f01819005e794a", "answers": [{"text": "164", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of Britain's best-selling travel magazine?", "id": "570612ba75f01819005e794b", "answers": [{"text": "Sunday Times Travel Magazine", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "This 164-page monthly magazine is sold separately from the newspaper of record and is Britain's best-selling travel magazine. The first issue of The Sunday Times Travel Magazine was in 2003, and it includes news, features and insider guides."}], ["Ini menjadikannya akhbar yang paling bervariasi dari segi sokongan politik dalam sejarah British. Beberapa kolumnis dalam The Times disambungkan ke Parti Konservatif seperti Daniel Finkelstein, Tim Montgomerie, Matthew Parris dan Matt Ridley, tetapi ada juga kolumnis yang berkaitan dengan Parti Buruh seperti David Aaronovitch, Phil Collins, Oliver Kamm dan Jenni Russell. <> Apakah nama akhbar itu dengan sokongan politik yang paling bervariasi dalam sejarah British? || The Times <> Parti politik mana yang bertajuk The Times kolumnis, Daniel Finkelstein, dikaitkan dengan? || Parti Konservatif <> Parti politik mana yang bertajuk The Times kolumnis, David Aaronovitch, dikaitkan dengan? || Parti Buruh", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the newspaper with the most varied political support in British history?", "id": "57060f3f52bb891400689830", "answers": [{"text": "The Times", "answer_start": 109}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which political party is The Times columnist, Daniel Finkelstein, associated with?", "id": "57060f3f52bb891400689831", "answers": [{"text": "Conservative Party", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which political party is The Times columnist, David Aaronovitch, associated with?", "id": "57060f3f52bb891400689832", "answers": [{"text": "Labour Party", "answer_start": 283}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "This makes it the most varied newspaper in terms of political support in British history. Some columnists in The Times are connected to the Conservative Party such as Daniel Finkelstein, Tim Montgomerie, Matthew Parris and Matt Ridley, but there are also columnists connected to the Labour Party such as David Aaronovitch, Phil Collins, Oliver Kamm and Jenni Russell."}], ["Tambahan Times Literary (TLS) pertama kali muncul pada tahun 1902 sebagai tambahan kepada The Times, menjadi majalah dan kesusasteraan mingguan dan majalah masyarakat pada tahun 1914. Times dan TLS terus dimiliki, dan pada 2012 TLS juga diterbitkan oleh News International dan bekerjasama rapat dengan The Times, dengan versi dalam talian yang dihoskan di laman web The Times, dan pejabat editorialnya yang berpangkalan di Times House, Pennington Street, London. <> Apakah nama suplemen yang pertama kali muncul pada tahun 1902 sebagai tambahan kepada The Times? || Tambahan Literasi Times <> Pada tahun 1914, tambahan yang dibayar untuk The Times adalah majalah yang menampilkan jenis kandungan apa? || kesusasteraan mingguan <> Pejabat editorial The Times Literary Supplement didasarkan pada lokasi apa di London? || Times House, Pennington Street <> Pada tahun berapa Adakah The Times Literary Supplement mula diterbitkan dalam talian? || 2012", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the supplement that first appeared in 1902 as a supplement to The Times?", "id": "5706117a75f01819005e7934", "answers": [{"text": "Times Literary Supplement", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1914, a separately paid-for supplement for The Times was a magazine that featured what kind of content?", "id": "5706117a75f01819005e7935", "answers": [{"text": "weekly literature", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The editorial offices of The Times Literary Supplement is based in what location in London?", "id": "5706117a75f01819005e7936", "answers": [{"text": "Times House, Pennington Street", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did The Times Literary Supplement begin publishing online?", "id": "5706117a75f01819005e7937", "answers": [{"text": "2012", "answer_start": 231}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Times Literary Supplement (TLS) first appeared in 1902 as a supplement to The Times, becoming a separately paid-for weekly literature and society magazine in 1914. The Times and the TLS have continued to be co-owned, and as of 2012 the TLS is also published by News International and cooperates closely with The Times, with its online version hosted on The Times website, and its editorial offices based in Times House, Pennington Street, London."}], ["Untuk pilihan raya umum 2001, The Times mengisytiharkan sokongannya terhadap kerajaan Buruh Tony Blair, yang telah dipilih semula oleh tanah runtuh. Ia menyokong Buruh sekali lagi pada tahun 2005, ketika Buruh mencapai kemenangan berturut-turut ketiga, walaupun dengan mayoritas berkurang. Untuk pilihan raya umum 2010, bagaimanapun, akhbar itu mengisytiharkan sokongannya kepada Tories sekali lagi; pilihan raya berakhir di Tories mengambil undi dan kerusi yang paling banyak tetapi perlu membentuk gabungan dengan Liberal Demokrat untuk membentuk kerajaan kerana mereka gagal memperoleh majoriti keseluruhan. <> Pada pilihan raya umum 2001, The Times mengisytiharkan sokongan untuk parti politik apa? || Buruh <> Apakah nama pemimpin parti politik yang disokong oleh The Times pada pilihan raya umum 2001? || Tony Blair <> Untuk pilihan raya umum 2010, parti politik mana yang menyokong The Times? || Tories <> Apa parti politik yang Tories perlu membentuk gabungan dengan pada tahun 2010? || Liberal Demokrat <> Apa parti politik yang dipilih semula oleh tanah runtuh pada tahun 2001? || Buruh", {"qas": [{"question": "In the 2001 general election, The Times declared support for what political party?", "id": "57060ec552bb891400689826", "answers": [{"text": "Labour", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the political party's leader that The Times supported in the 2001 general election?", "id": "57060ec552bb891400689827", "answers": [{"text": "Tony Blair", "answer_start": 65}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For the 2010 general election, which political party did The Times support?", "id": "57060ec552bb891400689828", "answers": [{"text": "Tories", "answer_start": 374}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What political party did the Tories have to form a coalition with in 2010?", "id": "57060ec552bb891400689829", "answers": [{"text": "Liberal Democrats", "answer_start": 453}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What political party was re-elected by a landslide in 2001?", "id": "57060ec552bb89140068982a", "answers": [{"text": "Labour", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "For the 2001 general election The Times declared its support for Tony Blair's Labour government, which was re-elected by a landslide. It supported Labour again in 2005, when Labour achieved a third successive win, though with a reduced majority. For the 2010 general election, however, the newspaper declared its support for the Tories once again; the election ended in the Tories taking the most votes and seats but having to form a coalition with the Liberal Democrats in order to form a government as they had failed to gain an overall majority."}], ["The Times menugaskan penerbitan serif Times New Roman, yang dicipta oleh Victor Lardent di cawangan Monotype Inggeris, pada tahun 1931. Ia ditugaskan selepas Stanley Morison menulis artikel yang mengkritik The Times kerana dicetak dengan teruk dan tipografi yang kuno. Fonnya diselia oleh Morison dan ditarik oleh Victor Lardent, seorang artis dari jabatan iklan The Times. Morison menggunakan fon yang lebih lama yang dinamakan Plantin sebagai asas untuk reka bentuknya, tetapi membuat semakan untuk keterbacaan dan ekonomi ruang. Times New Roman membuat debutnya dalam isu 3 Oktober 1932. Selepas satu tahun, reka bentuk itu dikeluarkan untuk jualan komersial. The Times kekal dengan Times New Roman selama 40 tahun, namun teknik pengeluaran baru dan format perubahan dari broadsheet ke tabloid pada tahun 2004 telah menyebabkan akhbar menukar font lima kali sejak tahun 1972. Walau bagaimanapun, semua fon baru telah menjadi variasi asal yang baru Font Rom: <> The Times menugaskan jenis typeface serif pada tahun 1931? || Times New Roman <> Siapa pencipta typeface serif yang dicipta pada tahun 1931 untuk akhbar The Times? || Victor Lardent <> Siapa yang menugaskan perubahan typeface The Times pada tahun 1931? || Stanley Morison <> Apa nama tulisan jenis Times New Roman berdasarkan? || Plantin <> Berapa tahun lamanya The Times kekal dengan Times New Roman? || 40", {"qas": [{"question": "The Times commissioned what serif typeface in 1931?", "id": "57060cc575f01819005e78f2", "answers": [{"text": "Times New Roman", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is the creator of the serif typeface created in 1931 for The Times newspaper?", "id": "57060cc575f01819005e78f3", "answers": [{"text": "Victor Lardent", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who commissioned the change of the typeface of The Times in 1931?", "id": "57060cc575f01819005e78f4", "answers": [{"text": "Stanley Morison", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the typeface that Times New Roman is based on?", "id": "57060cc575f01819005e78f5", "answers": [{"text": "Plantin", "answer_start": 425}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many years has The Times stayed with Times New Roman?", "id": "57060cc575f01819005e78f6", "answers": [{"text": "40", "answer_start": 684}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Times commissioned the serif typeface Times New Roman, created by Victor Lardent at the English branch of Monotype, in 1931. It was commissioned after Stanley Morison had written an article criticizing The Times for being badly printed and typographically antiquated. The font was supervised by Morison and drawn by Victor Lardent, an artist from the advertising department of The Times. Morison used an older font named Plantin as the basis for his design, but made revisions for legibility and economy of space. Times New Roman made its debut in the issue of 3 October 1932. After one year, the design was released for commercial sale. The Times stayed with Times New Roman for 40 years, but new production techniques and the format change from broadsheet to tabloid in 2004 have caused the newspaper to switch font five times since 1972. However, all the new fonts have been variants of the original New Roman font:"}], ["Dari segi sejarah, kertas itu tidak secara terang-terangan pro-Tory atau Whig, tetapi telah menjadi kubu lama penubuhan Inggeris dan empayar. The Times mengadopsi pendirian yang digambarkan sebagai \"khusus terlepas\" pada pilihan raya umum 1945; walaupun ia semakin kritis terhadap kempen Parti Konservatif, ia tidak menyokong undi untuk mana-mana satu pihak. Walau bagaimanapun, akhbar itu kembali ke Tories untuk pilihan raya akan datang lima tahun kemudian. Ia menyokong Konservatif untuk tiga pilihan raya berikutnya, diikuti oleh sokongan kepada Konservatif dan Parti Liberal untuk lima pemilihan yang akan datang, dengan jelas menyokong gabungan Con-Lib pada tahun 1974. Makalah itu kemudian menyokong Konservatif dengan kukuh sehingga tahun 1997, apabila ia menurun untuk membuat sebarang pengesahan pihak tetapi menyokong calon individu (terutamanya Eurosceptic). <> Pada pilihan raya umum 1945, The Times mengadopsi pendirian yang dirujuk oleh nama apa? || khasnya berkurang <> Selepas tahun 1945, The Times menyokong apa pesta selama 5 tahun sesudahnya? || Tory <> Apa jenis gabungan politik yang dibuat oleh The Times pada tahun 1974? || Gabungan konkrit <> Dari tahun 1970-an hingga 1997, The Times menyokong apa parti politik? || Konservatif <> Selepas 1997, The Times menolak daripada membuat sebarang sokongan pihak, bagaimanapun, mereka menyokong calon individu yang dikenali dengan nama apa? || Eurosceptic", {"qas": [{"question": "At the 1945 general election, The Times adopted a stance that was referred to by what name?", "id": "57060e0c75f01819005e7906", "answers": [{"text": "peculiarly detached", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After 1945, The Times supported what party for 5 years afterwards?", "id": "57060e0c75f01819005e7907", "answers": [{"text": "Tory", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of political coalition did The Times support in 1974?", "id": "57060e0c75f01819005e7908", "answers": [{"text": "Con-Lib coalition", "answer_start": 620}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "From the 1970s until 1997, The Times supported what political party?", "id": "57060e0c75f01819005e7909", "answers": [{"text": "Conservatives", "answer_start": 673}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After 1997, The Times declined from making any party endorsements however, they supported individual candidates known by what name?", "id": "57060e0c75f01819005e790a", "answers": [{"text": "Eurosceptic", "answer_start": 790}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Historically, the paper was not overtly pro-Tory or Whig, but has been a long time bastion of the English Establishment and empire. The Times adopted a stance described as \"peculiarly detached\" at the 1945 general election; although it was increasingly critical of the Conservative Party's campaign, it did not advocate a vote for any one party. However, the newspaper reverted to the Tories for the next election five years later. It supported the Conservatives for the subsequent three elections, followed by support for both the Conservatives and the Liberal Party for the next five elections, expressly supporting a Con-Lib coalition in 1974. The paper then backed the Conservatives solidly until 1997, when it declined to make any party endorsement but supported individual (primarily Eurosceptic) candidates."}], ["Dalam siri James Bond oleh Ian Fleming, James Bond, membaca The Times. Seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Fleming di Dari Rusia, dengan Cinta: \"The Times adalah satu-satunya kertas yang pernah dibaca oleh Bond.\" <> Penulis, Ian Fleming, mencipta watak fiksyen bernama James Bond yang lebih suka hanya membaca akhbar apa? || The Times <> Apakah nama mata-mata dan pahlawan dalam buku Ian Fleming? || James Bond <> Dalam apa novel Ian Fleming adalah James Bond digambarkan sebagai hanya membaca akhbar The Times? || Dari Rusia, dengan Cinta", {"qas": [{"question": "The author, Ian Fleming, created a fictional character named James Bond who prefers to only read what newspaper?", "id": "5706148075f01819005e795a", "answers": [{"text": "The Times", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the spy and hero in Ian Fleming's books?", "id": "5706148075f01819005e795b", "answers": [{"text": "James Bond", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what Ian Fleming novel is James Bond described as only reading The Times newspaper?", "id": "5706148075f01819005e795c", "answers": [{"text": "From Russia, with Love", "answer_start": 97}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the James Bond series by Ian Fleming, James Bond, reads The Times. As described by Fleming in From Russia, with Love: \"The Times was the only paper that Bond ever read.\""}], ["Dalam The Wombles, Uncle Bulgaria membaca The Times dan meminta Wombel lain untuk membawa dia apa-apa salinan yang mereka dapati di antara sampah. Akhbar itu memainkan peranan utama dalam episod Very Behind the Times (Siri 2, Episod 12). <> Dalam siri TV apa kanak-kanak ada watak fiksyen yang bernama Uncle Bulgaria yang meminta orang lain untuk membawa dia salinan The Times yang terdapat di antara sampah? || The Wombles <> Apakah nama episod di mana akhbar, The Times, dipaparkan dan memainkan peranan utama dalam satu episod The Wombles? || Very Behind the Times <> Dalam pameran TV kanak-kanak, The Wombles, watak apa yang meminta orang lain untuk membawanya apa-apa salinan The Times yang mereka temukan di antara sampah itu? || Uncle Bulgaria", {"qas": [{"question": "In what children TV series is there is a fictional character named Uncle Bulgaria that asks others to bring him copies of The Times found amongst the litter?", "id": "5706158575f01819005e7960", "answers": [{"text": "The Wombles", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the episode where the newspaper, The Times, is featured and plays a central role in an episode of The Wombles?", "id": "5706158575f01819005e7961", "answers": [{"text": "Very Behind the Times", "answer_start": 189}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the children's TV show, The Wombles, what character asks others to bring him any copies of The Times that they find amongst the litter?", "id": "5706158575f01819005e7962", "answers": [{"text": "Uncle Bulgaria", "answer_start": 16}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In The Wombles, Uncle Bulgaria read The Times and asked for the other Wombles to bring him any copies that they found amongst the litter. The newspaper played a central role in the episode Very Behind the Times (Series 2, Episode 12)."}], ["Detektif fiktif Rex Stout Nero Wolfe digambarkan sebagai gemar menyelesaikan teka-teki silang kata London Times di rumahnya di New York, lebih suka dengan kertas Amerika. <> Penulis, Rex Stout, mencipta pengesanan fiksyen yang gemar menyelesaikan teka-teki silang kata London Times yang berjalan dengan nama apa? || Nero Wolfe <> Di mana bahagian dunia melakukan detektif fiksyen, Nero Wolfe, hidup? || New York <> Detektif fiksyen, Nero Wolfe, mengutamakan akhbar akhbar Amerika? || London Times <> Detektif fiksyen, Nero Wolfe, digambarkan sebagai gemar menyelesaikan apa jenis teka-teki dalam akhbar London Times? || silang kata", {"qas": [{"question": "The author, Rex Stout, created a fictional detection that is fond of solving London Times' crossword puzzles that goes by what name?", "id": "570613f152bb89140068986e", "answers": [{"text": "Nero Wolfe", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what part of the world did the fictional detective, Nero Wolfe, live in?", "id": "570613f152bb89140068986f", "answers": [{"text": "New York", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The fictional detective, Nero Wolfe, preferred what newspaper to American newspapers?", "id": "570613f152bb891400689870", "answers": [{"text": "London Times", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The fictional detective, Nero Wolfe, is described as fond of solving what kind of puzzle in the London Times newspaper?", "id": "570613f152bb891400689871", "answers": [{"text": "crossword", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Rex Stout's fictional detective Nero Wolfe is described as fond of solving the London Times' crossword puzzle at his New York home, in preference to those of American papers."}]], [["New Delhi telah dipilih sebagai salah satu daripada seratus bandar raya India yang akan dibangunkan sebagai bandar pintar di bawah perdana Smart Cities Mission Perdana PM Narendra Modi. <> Berapa banyak bandar India yang telah dipilih untuk dibangunkan sebagai bandar pintar? || ratus <> Apakah nama misi untuk membangunkan bandar pintar India? || Smart Cities Mission <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab untuk inisiatif bandar bijak India? || PM Narendra Modi <> Apa salah satu bandar India yang telah dipilih untuk dibangunkan sebagai bandar pintar? || New Delhi", {"qas": [{"question": "How many Indian cities have been selected to be developed as a smart city?", "id": "5705e3b375f01819005e76f2", "answers": [{"text": "hundred", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the mission to develop Indian smart cities?", "id": "5705e3b375f01819005e76f3", "answers": [{"text": "Smart Cities Mission", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is responsible for India's smart city initiative?", "id": "5705e3b375f01819005e76f4", "answers": [{"text": "PM Narendra Modi", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one Indian city that has been selected to be developed as a smart city?", "id": "5705e3b375f01819005e76f5", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New Delhi has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission."}], ["New Delhi (i / \u02ccnju\u02d0 d\u025bli /) adalah sebuah perbandaran dan daerah di Delhi yang berfungsi sebagai ibu kota dan kerusi pemerintahan India. Di samping itu, ia juga berfungsi sebagai kerusi Kerajaan Delhi. <> Di wilayah apa terletak New Delhi? || Delhi <> Apa perbandaran berfungsi sebagai ibu kota India? || New Delhi <> Untuk apa wilayah New Delhi berfungsi sebagai kerusi Kerajaan? || Delhi <> Perbandaran apa yang menjadi kerusi Kerajaan India? || New Delhi <> Apa perbandaran berfungsi sebagai kerusi kerajaan Delhi? || New Delhi", {"qas": [{"question": "In what territory is New Delhi located?", "id": "5705e37175f01819005e76de", "answers": [{"text": "Delhi", "answer_start": 61}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What municipality serves as the capital of India?", "id": "5705e37175f01819005e76df", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For what territory does New Delhi serve as the seat of Government?", "id": "5705e37175f01819005e76e0", "answers": [{"text": "Delhi", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What municipality serves as the seat of Government for India?", "id": "5705e37175f01819005e76e1", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What municipality serves as the seat of government of Delhi?", "id": "5705e37175f01819005e76e2", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New Delhi (i/\u02ccnju\u02d0 \u02c8d\u025bli/) is a municipality and district in Delhi which serves as the capital and seat of government of India. In addition, it also serves as the seat of Government of Delhi."}], ["Batu asas kota itu diletakkan oleh George V, Kaisar India semasa Durbar Delhi pada tahun 1911. Ia dirancang oleh arkitek British, Sir Edwin Lutyens dan Sir Herbert Baker. Ibukota baru itu dirasmikan pada 13 Februari 1931, oleh Viceroy dari India Lord Irwin. <> Pada tahun apakah batu asas di New Delhi diletakkan? || 1911 <> Siapa yang merancang batu asas kota New Delhi? || Sir Edwin Lutyens dan Sir Herbert Baker <> Pada tarikh apakah New Delhi telah dirasmikan? || 13 Februari 1931 <> Siapa yang merasmikan bandar New Delhi? || Viceroy Lord Irwin", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was the foundation stone of New Delhi laid?", "id": "5705e39275f01819005e76e9", "answers": [{"text": "1911", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who designed the foundation stone of the city of New Delhi?", "id": "5705e39275f01819005e76ea", "answers": [{"text": "Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker", "answer_start": 144}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was New Delhi inaugurated?", "id": "5705e39275f01819005e76eb", "answers": [{"text": "13 February 1931", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who inaugurated the city of New Delhi?", "id": "5705e39275f01819005e76ec", "answers": [{"text": "Viceroy Lord Irwin", "answer_start": 249}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V, Emperor of India during the Delhi Durbar of 1911. It was designed by British architects, Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by India's Viceroy Lord Irwin."}], ["Walaupun koloni Delhi dan New Delhi sebagai nama digunakan secara bergantian merujuk kepada bidang kuasa NCT Delhi, ini adalah dua entiti yang berbeza, dan yang terakhir adalah sebahagian kecil dari bekas. <> Apakah dua istilah yang biasa digunakan untuk merujuk kepada bidang kuasa NCT Delhi? || Delhi dan New Delhi <> New Delhi adalah sebahagian kecil dari apa wilayah yang lebih besar? || Delhi <> Delhi dan New Delhi digunakan untuk merujuk kepada bidang kuasa apa? || NCT Delhi <> Apakah satu nama yang digunakan untuk merujuk kepada bidang kuasa NCT Delhi? || Delhi", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the two terms colloquially used to refer to the jurisdiction of NCT of Delhi?", "id": "5705e3a452bb891400689656", "answers": [{"text": "Delhi and New Delhi", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New Delhi is a small part of what larger territory?", "id": "5705e3a452bb891400689657", "answers": [{"text": "Delhi", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Delhi and New Delhi are colloquially used to refer to what jurisdiction?", "id": "5705e3a452bb891400689658", "answers": [{"text": "NCT of Delhi", "answer_start": 108}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one name used to refer to the jurisdiction of NCT of Delhi?", "id": "5705e3a452bb89140068965a", "answers": [{"text": "Delhi", "answer_start": 22}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although colloquially Delhi and New Delhi as names are used interchangeably to refer to the jurisdiction of NCT of Delhi, these are two distinct entities, and the latter is a small part of the former."}], ["Selepas ibu negara India berpindah ke Delhi, sebuah bangunan sekretariat sementara dibina dalam beberapa bulan pada tahun 1912 di Delhi Utara. Kebanyakan pejabat kerajaan di ibu negara baru berpindah dari 'Sekretariat Lama' di Old Delhi (bangunan sekarang menempatkan Dewan Undangan Delhi), satu dekad sebelum modal baru dirasmikan pada tahun 1931. Banyak pekerja dibawa masuk ke ibu kota baru dari bahagian jauh India, termasuk Presiden Kepimpinan Bengal dan Presiden Madras. Selepas itu perumahan untuk mereka dibangunkan di sekitar kawasan Pasar Gole pada tahun 1920-an. Dibina pada tahun 1940-an, untuk menempatkan kakitangan kerajaan, dengan banglo untuk pegawai-pegawai kanan di kawasan Estet Lodhi yang berhampiran, koloni Lodhi berhampiran Lodhi Gardens bersejarah, adalah kawasan kediaman terakhir yang dibina oleh British Raj. <> Bangunan sekretariat sementara dibina di New Delhi pada tahun berapa? || 1912 <> Pada tahun apa yang dilantik New Delhi sebagai ibukota India? || 1931 <> Perumahan untuk pekerja dibina di kawasan apa yang berlaku pada tahun 1920-an? || Kawasan Pasar Gole <> Apakah nama kawasan kediaman terakhir yang dibina oleh British Raj? || Tanah koloni Lodhi <> Selama apa dekad koloni Lodhi dibina? || tahun 1940-an", {"qas": [{"question": "A temporary secretariat building was built in New Delhi in what year?", "id": "5705e82775f01819005e773e", "answers": [{"text": "1912", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year what New Delhi inaugurated as the capital of India?", "id": "5705e82775f01819005e773f", "answers": [{"text": "1931", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Housing for employees was built in what area during the 1920s?", "id": "5705e82775f01819005e7740", "answers": [{"text": "Gole Market area", "answer_start": 532}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the last residential area built by the British Raj?", "id": "5705e82775f01819005e7741", "answers": [{"text": "Lodhi colony", "answer_start": 683}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During what decade was the Lodhi colony built?", "id": "5705e82775f01819005e7742", "answers": [{"text": "the 1940s", "answer_start": 572}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After the capital of India moved to Delhi, a temporary secretariat building was constructed in a few months in 1912 in North Delhi. Most of the government offices of the new capital moved here from the 'Old secretariat' in Old Delhi (the building now houses the Delhi Legislative Assembly), a decade before the new capital was inaugurated in 1931. Many employees were brought into the new capital from distant parts of India, including the Bengal Presidency and Madras Presidency. Subsequently housing for them was developed around Gole Market area in the 1920s. Built in the 1940s, to house government employees, with bungalows for senior officials in the nearby Lodhi Estate area, Lodhi colony near historic Lodhi Gardens, was the last residential areas built by the British Raj."}], ["Calcutta (sekarang Kolkata) adalah ibukota India semasa British Raj hingga Disember 1911. Walau bagaimanapun, Delhi telah berkhidmat sebagai pusat politik dan kewangan beberapa empayar India purba dan Kesultanan Delhi, yang paling penting ialah Empayar Mughal dari 1649 hingga 1857 Pada awal tahun 1900-an, cadangan dibuat kepada pentadbiran British untuk memindahkan ibu kota Empayar India British (seperti yang dipanggil secara rasmi) dari Calcutta ke Delhi. Tidak seperti Calcutta, yang terletak di pantai timur India, Delhi berada di tengah India utara dan Kerajaan British India merasakan bahawa secara logistik lebih mudah untuk mentadbir India daripada yang terakhir bukannya bekas. <> Bandar apakah ibukota India sehingga Disember 1911? || Calcutta <> Apakah nama kota yang dahulu dikenali sebagai Calcutta? || Kolkata <> Apa nama empayar yang Delhi berkhidmat sebagai modal politik dan kewangan dari tahun 1649 hingga 1857? || Kerajaan Mughal <> Pada awal 1900-an, ibukota Empayar India British telah beralih dari Calcutta ke bandar apa? || Delhi <> Di mana bahagian India terletak di Delhi? || pusat utara India", {"qas": [{"question": "What city was the capital of India until December 1911?", "id": "5705e3cd52bb891400689660", "answers": [{"text": "Calcutta", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the city formerly known as Calcutta?", "id": "5705e3cd52bb891400689661", "answers": [{"text": "Kolkata", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the empire for which Delhi served as the political and financial capital from 1649 to 1857?", "id": "5705e3cd52bb891400689662", "answers": [{"text": "Mughal Empire", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the early 1900s, the capital of the British Indian Empire was shifted from Calcutta to what city?", "id": "5705e3cd52bb891400689663", "answers": [{"text": "Delhi", "answer_start": 441}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what part of India is Delhi located?", "id": "5705e3cd52bb891400689664", "answers": [{"text": "the centre of northern India", "answer_start": 527}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Calcutta (now Kolkata) was the capital of India during the British Raj until December 1911. However, Delhi had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of ancient India and the Delhi Sultanate, most notably of the Mughal Empire from 1649 to 1857. During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the British administration to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire (as it was officially called) from Calcutta to Delhi. Unlike Calcutta, which was located on the eastern coast of India, Delhi was at the centre of northern India and the Government of British India felt that it would be logistically easier to administer India from the latter rather than the former."}], ["Selepas India mencapai kemerdekaan pada tahun 1947, autonomi terhad diberikan kepada New Delhi dan ditadbir oleh Ketua Pesuruhjaya yang dilantik oleh Kerajaan India. Pada tahun 1956, Delhi telah ditukar menjadi wilayah kesatuan dan akhirnya Ketua Pesuruhjaya digantikan oleh seorang Gabenor Leftenan. Akta Perlembagaan (Pindaan Enam puluh sembilan), 1991 mengisytiharkan Wilayah Kesatuan Delhi dikenali secara rasmi sebagai Wilayah Ibu Negara di Delhi. Sistem telah diperkenalkan di mana Kerajaan terpilih diberikan kuasa yang luas, tidak termasuk undang-undang dan ketenteraan yang kekal dengan Kerajaan Pusat. Penguatkuasaan sebenar undang-undang ini datang pada tahun 1993. <> Pada tahun apakah India memperoleh kemerdekaan? || 1947 <> Pada tahun berapa Delhi ditukar menjadi wilayah kesatuan? || 1956 <> Apa nama akta yang menyebabkan Wilayah Persekutuan Delhi menjadi dikenali sebagai Wilayah Ibu Negara di Delhi? || Akta Perlembagaan (Pindaan Enam puluh sembilan) <> Penguatkuasaan undang-undang Akta Perlembagaan bermula pada tahun apakah? || 1993 <> Pada tahun 1956, Delhi telah ditukarkan ke apa jenis wilayah? || sebuah wilayah kesatuan", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did India gain independence?", "id": "5705e91d52bb89140068967e", "answers": [{"text": "1947", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Delhi converted into a union territory?", "id": "5705e91d52bb89140068967f", "answers": [{"text": "1956", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the act that caused the Union Territory of Delhi to become formally known as the National Capital Territory of Delhi?", "id": "5705e91d52bb891400689680", "answers": [{"text": "The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act", "answer_start": 299}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The enforcement of the legislation of the Constitution Act began in what year?", "id": "5705e91d52bb891400689681", "answers": [{"text": "1993", "answer_start": 649}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 1956, Delhi was converted into what type of territory?", "id": "5705e91d52bb891400689682", "answers": [{"text": "a union territory", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "After India gained independence in 1947, a limited autonomy was conferred to New Delhi and was administered by a Chief Commissioner appointed by the Government of India. In 1956, Delhi was converted into a union territory and eventually the Chief Commissioner was replaced by a Lieutenant Governor. The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as National Capital Territory of Delhi. A system was introduced under which the elected Government was given wide powers, excluding law and order which remained with the Central Government. The actual enforcement of the legislation came in 1993."}], ["Pada 12 Disember 1911, semasa Delhi Durbar, George V, maka Maharaja India, bersama dengan Queen Mary, Consortnya, membuat pengumuman bahawa ibukota Raj akan dipindahkan dari Calcutta ke Delhi, sambil meletakkan batu asas untuk kediaman Viceroy di Park Coronation, Kingsway Camp. Batu dasar New Delhi telah diletakkan oleh King George V dan Queen Mary di lokasi Delhi Durbar pada 1911 di Kingsway Camp pada 15 Desember 1911, semasa kunjungan kekaisaran mereka. Bahagian besar New Delhi dirancang oleh Edwin Lutyens (Sir Edwin dari 1918), yang pertama kali melawat Delhi pada tahun 1912, dan Herbert Baker (Sir Herbert dari 1926), kedua-dua arkitek British abad ke-20 yang terkemuka. Kontrak itu diberikan kepada Sobha Singh (kemudian Sir Sobha Singh). Pembinaan benar-benar bermula selepas Perang Dunia I dan selesai pada tahun 1931. Bandar yang kemudiannya digelar \"Lutyens 'Delhi\" telah dirasmikan pada upacara yang bermula pada 10 Februari 1931 oleh Lord Irwin, Viceroy. Lutyens merancang kawasan pentadbiran pusat bandar sebagai bukti kepada aspirasi kerajaan Britain. <> Siapa yang mengumumkan bahawa ibukota India akan dipindahkan dari Calcutta ke Delhi? || George V <> Pada tarikh apakah ia diumumkan bahawa ibukota India akan dipindahkan ke Delhi? || 12 Disember 1911 <> Siapa yang meletakkan batu asas New Delhi? || Raja George V dan Queen Mary <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab untuk mereka bentuk bahagian besar di New Delhi? || Edwin Lutyens <> Pada tarikh apa upacara perasmian untuk New Delhi bermula? || 10 Februari 1931", {"qas": [{"question": "Who announced that the capital of India would be moved from Calcutta to Delhi?", "id": "5705e3dd75f01819005e76fa", "answers": [{"text": "George V", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date was it announced that the capital of India would be moved to Delhi?", "id": "5705e3dd75f01819005e76fb", "answers": [{"text": "12 December 1911", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who laid the foundation stone of New Delhi?", "id": "5705e3dd75f01819005e76fc", "answers": [{"text": "King George V and Queen Mary", "answer_start": 354}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is responsible for designing large parts of New Delhi?", "id": "5705e3dd75f01819005e76fd", "answers": [{"text": "Edwin Lutyens", "answer_start": 527}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what date did inauguration ceremonies for New Delhi begin?", "id": "5705e3dd75f01819005e76fe", "answers": [{"text": "10 February 1931", "answer_start": 911}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On 12 December 1911, during the Delhi Durbar, George V, then Emperor of India, along with Queen Mary, his Consort, made the announcement that the capital of the Raj was to be shifted from Calcutta to Delhi, while laying the foundation stone for the Viceroy's residence in the Coronation Park, Kingsway Camp. The foundation stone of New Delhi was laid by King George V and Queen Mary at the site of Delhi Durbar of 1911 at Kingsway Camp on 15 December 1911, during their imperial visit. Large parts of New Delhi were planned by Edwin Lutyens (Sir Edwin from 1918), who first visited Delhi in 1912, and Herbert Baker (Sir Herbert from 1926), both leading 20th-century British architects. The contract was given to Sobha Singh (later Sir Sobha Singh). Construction really began after World War I and was completed by 1931. The city that was later dubbed \"Lutyens' Delhi\" was inaugurated in ceremonies beginning on 10 February 1931 by Lord Irwin, the Viceroy. Lutyens designed the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britain's imperial aspirations."}], ["Di selatan, tanah sehingga Makam Safdarjung diperolehi untuk mewujudkan apa yang kini dikenali sebagai Zon Bangun Lutyens. Sebelum pembinaan dapat bermula di rabung berbatu di Raisina Hill, sebuah laluan kereta api bulat mengelilingi Dewan Majlis (sekarang Gedung Parlimen), dipanggil Kereta Api Delhi Delhi, dibina untuk mengangkut bahan binaan dan pekerja untuk dua puluh tahun yang akan datang. Blok penghalang terakhir ialah laluan keretapi Agra-Delhi yang dipotong terus melalui tapak yang diperuntukkan untuk Memorial Perang All-India heksagonal (Gate India) dan Kingsway (Rajpath), yang menjadi masalah kerana Stesen Keretapi Lama Delhi melayan seluruh bandar pada masa itu. Garis itu beralih ke sungai Yamuna, dan mula beroperasi pada tahun 1924. Stesen Keretapi New Delhi dibuka pada tahun 1926 dengan satu platform di Ajmeri Gate berhampiran Paharganj dan siap pada waktu untuk perasmian bandar itu pada tahun 1931. Sebagai pembinaan Rumah Viceroy (sekarang Rashtrapati Bhavan), Sekretariat Pusat, Rumah Parlimen, dan All-India War Memorial (India Gate) telah menggulung, bangunan sebuah daerah membeli-belah dan sebuah plaza baru, Connaught Place, bermula pada tahun 1929, dan diselesaikan pada tahun 1933. Dinamakan sempena Putera Arthur, Duke of Connaught Pertama (1850-1942), ia direka oleh Robert Tor Russell, ketua arkitek kepada Jabatan Kerja Raya (PWD). <> Pembinaan Connaught Place telah siap dalam tahun berapa? || 1933 <> Pada bukit apakah pembinaan zon bungalow Lutyen bermula? || Raisina Hill <> Kereta Api Delhi Delhi dibina untuk mengangkut pekerja dan bahan untuk berapa tahun? || dua puluh tahun <> Dalam tahun apakah garis Keretapi Imperial Delhi mula beroperasi? || 1924 <> Pada tahun apakah Stesen Kereta Api New Delhi dibuka? || 1926", {"qas": [{"question": "The construction of Connaught Place was completed in what year?", "id": "5705e72075f01819005e772a", "answers": [{"text": "1933", "answer_start": 1175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what hill did construction of Lutyen's Bungalow Zone begin?", "id": "5705e72075f01819005e772b", "answers": [{"text": "Raisina Hill", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Imperial Delhi Railway was built to transport workers and materials for how many years?", "id": "5705e72075f01819005e772c", "answers": [{"text": "twenty years", "answer_start": 368}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Imperial Delhi Railway line begin operating?", "id": "5705e72075f01819005e772d", "answers": [{"text": "1924", "answer_start": 732}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the New Delhi Railway Station open?", "id": "5705e72075f01819005e772e", "answers": [{"text": "1926", "answer_start": 778}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the south, land up to Safdarjung's Tomb was acquired in order to create what is today known as Lutyens' Bungalow Zone. Before construction could begin on the rocky ridge of Raisina Hill, a circular railway line around the Council House (now Parliament House), called the Imperial Delhi Railway, was built to transport construction material and workers for the next twenty years. The last stumbling block was the Agra-Delhi railway line that cut right through the site earmarked for the hexagonal All-India War Memorial (India Gate) and Kingsway (Rajpath), which was a problem because the Old Delhi Railway Station served the entire city at that time. The line was shifted to run along the Yamuna river, and it began operating in 1924. The New Delhi Railway Station opened in 1926 with a single platform at Ajmeri Gate near Paharganj and was completed in time for the city's inauguration in 1931. As construction of the Viceroy's House (the present Rashtrapati Bhavan), Central Secretariat, Parliament House, and All-India War Memorial (India Gate) was winding down, the building of a shopping district and a new plaza, Connaught Place, began in 1929, and was completed by 1933. Named after Prince Arthur, 1st Duke of Connaught (1850\u20131942), it was designed by Robert Tor Russell, chief architect to the Public Works Department (PWD)."}], ["Soon Lutyens mula mempertimbangkan tempat lain. Malah, Jawatankuasa Perancang Bandar Delhi, yang ditubuhkan untuk merancang modal imperial baru, dengan George Swinton sebagai pengerusi dan John A. Brodie dan Lutyens sebagai ahli, mengemukakan laporan untuk kedua-dua lokasi Utara dan Selatan. Walau bagaimanapun, ia telah ditolak oleh Viceroy apabila kos memperolehi sifat-sifat yang diperlukan didapati terlalu tinggi. Paksi pusat New Delhi, yang kini menghadap timur di India Gate, sebelum ini dimaksudkan untuk menjadi paksi utara-selatan yang menghubungkan Rumah Viceroy di satu ujung dengan Paharganj di sisi lain. Semasa tahun-tahun awal projek, ramai pelancong percaya ia adalah pintu masuk dari Bumi ke Syurga sendiri. Akhirnya, disebabkan kekangan ruang dan kehadiran sejumlah besar tapak warisan di sebelah utara, jawatankuasa itu menetap di tapak Selatan. Sebuah tapak di atas Raisina Hill, yang dahulunya Kampung Raisina, sebuah kampung Meo, dipilih untuk Rashtrapati Bhawan, kemudian dikenali sebagai Rumah Viceroy. Sebab pilihan ini ialah bukit terletak tepat bertentangan dengan kubu Dintangah, yang juga dianggap tapak Indraprastha, wilayah purba di Delhi. Selepas itu, batu asas telah beralih dari tapak Delhi Durbar pada tahun 1911-1912, di mana Tiang Coronation berdiri, dan tertanam di dinding depan Urus Setia. Rajpath, yang juga dikenali sebagai King's Way, terbentang dari Gate India ke Rashtrapati Bhawan. Bangunan Sekretariat, dua blok di mana terletak di Rashtrapati Bhawan dan kementerian-kediaman rumah Kerajaan India, dan Rumah Parlimen, yang direka oleh Herbert Baker, terletak di Sansad Marg dan selari dengan Rajpath. <> Siapa yang menolak cadangan Brodie dan Lutyens? || Viceroy <> Situs mana yang akhirnya dipilih oleh Jawatankuasa Perancang Bandar Delhi? || laman selatan <> Raisina Hill terletak terus bertentangan dengan laman agama apa? || Dandangah kubu <> Rajpath juga dikenali dengan nama apa? || King's Way <> Siapa yang merancang Dewan Parlimen New Delhi? || Herbert Baker", {"qas": [{"question": "Who rejected the proposals of Brodie and Lutyens?", "id": "5705e5c275f01819005e7716", "answers": [{"text": "the Viceroy", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which site was eventually chosen by the Delhi Town Planning Committee?", "id": "5705e5c275f01819005e7717", "answers": [{"text": "the South site", "answer_start": 793}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Raisina Hill lay directly opposite what religious site?", "id": "5705e5c275f01819005e7718", "answers": [{"text": "Dinapanah citadel", "answer_start": 1025}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Rajpath was also known by what name?", "id": "5705e5c275f01819005e7719", "answers": [{"text": "King's Way", "answer_start": 1341}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who designed the Parliament House of New Delhi?", "id": "5705e5c275f01819005e771a", "answers": [{"text": "Herbert Baker", "answer_start": 1582}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Soon Lutyens started considering other places. Indeed, the Delhi Town Planning Committee, set up to plan the new imperial capital, with George Swinton as chairman and John A. Brodie and Lutyens as members, submitted reports for both North and South sites. However, it was rejected by the Viceroy when the cost of acquiring the necessary properties was found to be too high. The central axis of New Delhi, which today faces east at India Gate, was previously meant to be a north-south axis linking the Viceroy's House at one end with Paharganj at the other. During the project's early years, many tourists believed it was a gate from Earth to Heaven itself. Eventually, owing to space constraints and the presence of a large number of heritage sites in the North side, the committee settled on the South site. A site atop the Raisina Hill, formerly Raisina Village, a Meo village, was chosen for the Rashtrapati Bhawan, then known as the Viceroy's House. The reason for this choice was that the hill lay directly opposite the Dinapanah citadel, which was also considered the site of Indraprastha, the ancient region of Delhi. Subsequently, the foundation stone was shifted from the site of Delhi Durbar of 1911\u20131912, where the Coronation Pillar stood, and embedded in the walls of the forecourt of the Secretariat. The Rajpath, also known as King's Way, stretched from the India Gate to the Rashtrapati Bhawan. The Secretariat building, the two blocks of which flank the Rashtrapati Bhawan and houses ministries of the Government of India, and the Parliament House, both designed by Herbert Baker, are located at the Sansad Marg and run parallel to the Rajpath."}], ["Ibukota kebangsaan India, New Delhi ditadbir bersama oleh Kerajaan Pusat India dan Kerajaan tempatan Delhi, ia juga merupakan ibu kota Wilayah Ibu Kota Nasional (NCT) Delhi. <> New Delhi adalah ibu kota Wilayah Ibu Negara? || Delhi <> Apakah ibukota negara India? || New Delhi <> Kerajaan tempatan Delhi dan Kerajaan Pusat India bersama-sama mentadbir bandar apa? || New Delhi <> Apa bandar ibukota rasmi Wilayah Ibu Negara Negara Delhi? || New Delhi <> Apakah nama satu badan kerajaan yang mengawasi ibukota New Delhi? || Kerajaan Pusat India", {"qas": [{"question": "New Delhi is the capital of what National Capital Territory?", "id": "5705f41752bb891400689722", "answers": [{"text": "Delhi", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the national capital of India?", "id": "5705f41752bb891400689723", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The local Government of Delhi and the Central Government of India jointly administer what city?", "id": "5705f41752bb891400689724", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city is the official capital of the National Capital Territory of Delhi?", "id": "5705f41752bb891400689725", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of one government body that oversees the capital of New Delhi?", "id": "5705f41752bb891400689726", "answers": [{"text": "the Central Government of India", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The national capital of India, New Delhi is jointly administered by both the Central Government of India and the local Government of Delhi, it is also the capital of the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi."}], ["Pada 2015, struktur kerajaan Majlis Perbandaran New Delhi termasuk seorang pengerusi, tiga ahli Dewan Undangan Negeri New Delhi, dua ahli yang dicalonkan oleh Ketua Menteri NCT Delhi dan lima ahli yang dicalonkan oleh kerajaan pusat. <> Struktur kerajaan Majlis Perbandaran New Delhi termasuk tiga ahli dari badan kerajaan? || Dewan Undangan Negeri New Delhi <> Apakah badan kerajaan bertanggungjawab mencalonkan lima orang ahli Majlis Perbandaran New Delhi? || kerajaan pusat <> Apa pejabat pemerintah bertanggungjawab untuk mencalonkan dua orang ahli ke Majlis Perbandaran New Delhi? || Ketua Menteri NCT Delhi <> Ketua Menteri apa yang NCT bertanggungjawab untuk mencalonkan dua orang ahli kepada Majlis Perbandaran New Delhi? || NCT Delhi <> Apakah nama struktur kerajaan yang dibuat untuk New Delhi yang terdiri daripada sepuluh wakil? || Majlis Perbandaran New Delhi", {"qas": [{"question": "The government structure of the New Delhi Municipal Council includes three members from what government body?", "id": "5705fbe575f01819005e7826", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi's Legislative Assembly", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What government body is responsible for nominating five members to the New Delhi Municipal Council?", "id": "5705fbe575f01819005e7827", "answers": [{"text": "the central government", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What government official is responsible for nominating two members to the New Delhi Municipal Council?", "id": "5705fbe575f01819005e7828", "answers": [{"text": "Chief Minister of the NCT of Delhi", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Chief Minister of what NCT is responsible for nominating two members to the New Delhi Municipal Council? ", "id": "5705fbe575f01819005e7829", "answers": [{"text": "NCT of Delhi", "answer_start": 198}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the government structure created for New Delhi that is comprised of ten representatives?", "id": "5705fbe575f01819005e782a", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi Municipal Council", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As of 2015, the government structure of the New Delhi Municipal Council includes a chairperson, three members of New Delhi's Legislative Assembly, two members nominated by the Chief Minister of the NCT of Delhi and five members nominated by the central government."}], ["Dalam kaji selidik kualiti hidup tahun 2015 Mercer baru-baru ini, New Delhi berada di kedudukan 154 daripada 230 bandaraya kerana kualiti udara yang buruk dan pencemaran. Organisasi Kesihatan Dunia menduduki tempat ke New Delhi sebagai bandar tercemar paling teruk di dunia pada tahun 2014 di kalangan kira-kira 1,600 bandar yang dikesan di seluruh dunia. <> Apakah pangkat New Delhi dalam kajian kualiti hidup Mercer 2015? || 154 <> Apa sebab utama penilaian New Delhi dalam penilaian kualiti hidup Mercer? || kualiti udara buruk dan pencemaran <> New Delhi telah disenaraikan sebagai bandar tercemar di dunia yang paling buruk oleh organisasi apa? || Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia <> Berapa banyak bandar dikesan untuk pencemaran oleh Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia pada tahun 2014? || 1,600 <> Berapa banyak bandar yang dipelajari dalam kajian kualiti hidup Mercer 2015? || 230", {"qas": [{"question": "What is New Delhi's rank in Mercer's 2015 quality of living survey?", "id": "5705edea52bb8914006896d4", "answers": [{"text": "154", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the main cause of New Delhi's relatively low ranking in Mercer's quality of life survey?", "id": "5705edea52bb8914006896d5", "answers": [{"text": "bad air quality and pollution", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New Delhi was ranked as the world's worst polluted city by what organization?", "id": "5705edea52bb8914006896d6", "answers": [{"text": "The World Health Organization", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many cities were tracked for pollution by the World Health Organization in 2014?", "id": "5705edea52bb8914006896d7", "answers": [{"text": "1,600", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many cities were studied in Mercer's 2015 quality of living survey?", "id": "5705edea52bb8914006896d8", "answers": [{"text": "230", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In recent Mercer\u2019s 2015 annual quality-of-living survey, New Delhi ranks at number 154 out of 230 cities due to bad air quality and pollution. The World Health Organization ranked New Delhi as the world\u2019s worst polluted city in 2014 among about 1,600 cities the organization tracked around the world."}], ["Dengan keluasan 42.7 km2 (16.5 meter persegi), New Delhi membentuk sebahagian kecil kawasan metropolitan Delhi. Kerana bandar ini terletak di dataran Indo-Gangetik, terdapat sedikit perbezaan ketinggian di seluruh bandar. New Delhi dan kawasan sekitarnya pernah menjadi sebahagian daripada Aravalli Range; semua yang tersisa dari gunung-gunung itu adalah Ridge Delhi, yang juga dikenali sebagai Paru-paru Delhi. Sedangkan New Delhi terletak di dataran sungai Sungai Yamuna, ia pada asasnya adalah sebuah bandar yang terkurung. Timur sungai adalah kawasan bandar Shahdara. New Delhi berada di bawah zon seismik-IV, menjadikannya terdedah kepada gempa bumi. <> Berapa luas kawasan New Delhi dalam batu persegi? || 16.5 sq mi <> Di dataran apa yang terletak di New Delhi? || Plot Indo-Gangetik <> Delhi Ridge juga dirujuk dengan nama apa? || The Lungs of Delhi <> New Delhi terletak di dataran banjir sungai apa? || Sungai Yamuna <> Apa zon seismik yang New Delhi jatuh di bawah? || zon seismik-IV", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the total area of New Delhi in square miles?", "id": "5705eb4352bb8914006896a4", "answers": [{"text": "16.5 sq mi", "answer_start": 31}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what plain is New Delhi located?", "id": "5705eb4352bb8914006896a5", "answers": [{"text": "the Indo-Gangetic Plain", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Delhi Ridge is also referred to by what name?", "id": "5705eb4352bb8914006896a6", "answers": [{"text": "the Lungs of Delhi", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New Delhi is located on the floodplains of what river?", "id": "5705eb4352bb8914006896a7", "answers": [{"text": "Yamuna River", "answer_start": 434}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What seismic zone does New Delhi fall under?", "id": "5705eb4352bb8914006896a8", "answers": [{"text": "seismic zone-IV", "answer_start": 560}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "With a total area of 42.7 km2 (16.5 sq mi), New Delhi forms a small part of the Delhi metropolitan area. Because the city is located on the Indo-Gangetic Plain, there is little difference in elevation across the city. New Delhi and surrounding areas were once a part of the Aravalli Range; all that is left of those mountains is the Delhi Ridge, which is also called the Lungs of Delhi. While New Delhi lies on the floodplains of the Yamuna River, it is essentially a landlocked city. East of the river is the urban area of Shahdara. New Delhi falls under the seismic zone-IV, making it vulnerable to earthquakes."}], ["Kepala negara Delhi adalah Gubernur Leftenan Wilayah Kesatuan Delhi, yang ditunjuk oleh Presiden India atas nasihat pemerintah pusat dan jabatan itu sebagian besar upacara, sebagai Ketua Menteri Wilayah Kesatuan Delhi adalah kepala kerajaan dan terletak pada kebanyakan kuasa eksekutif. Menurut perlembagaan India, jika undang-undang yang diluluskan oleh dewan perundangan Delhi adalah melanggar undang-undang yang diluluskan oleh Parlimen India, maka undang-undang yang digubal oleh parlimen akan mengatasi undang-undang yang digubal oleh dewan. <> Apakah tajuk rasmi ketua negara Delhi? || Gabenor Leftenan Wilayah Kesatuan Delhi <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab melantik Gabenor Leftenan Wilayah Kesatuan Delhi? || Presiden India <> Yang mengambil preseden apabila undang-undang yang diluluskan oleh Parlimen bercanggah dengan undang-undang yang diluluskan oleh Dewan Undangan Delhi? || undang-undang yang digubal oleh parlimen <> Apakah badan pemerintah menasihatkan presiden melantik seorang Gabenor Leftenan? || Kerajaan Pusat <> Yang mana kedudukan kerajaan diberikan kebanyakan kuasa eksekutif ke atas Delhi? || Ketua Menteri Wilayah Persekutuan Delhi", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the official title of Delhi's head of state?", "id": "570680d952bb891400689a12", "answers": [{"text": "Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is responsible for appointing the Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi?", "id": "570680d952bb891400689a13", "answers": [{"text": "President of India", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which takes precedent when a law passed by Parliament conflicts with a law passed by Delhi's Legislative assembly?", "id": "570680d952bb891400689a14", "answers": [{"text": "the law enacted by the parliament", "answer_start": 478}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What government body advises the president on appointing a Lieutenant Governor?", "id": "570680d952bb891400689a15", "answers": [{"text": "the Central government", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which government position is given most of the executive powers over Delhi?", "id": "570680d952bb891400689a16", "answers": [{"text": "Chief Minister of the Union Territory of Delhi", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The head of state of Delhi is the Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Central government and the post is largely ceremonial, as the Chief Minister of the Union Territory of Delhi is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. According to the Indian constitution, if a law passed by Delhi's legislative assembly is repugnant to any law passed by the Parliament of India, then the law enacted by the parliament will prevail over the law enacted by the assembly."}], ["Pelanjutan utama pertama di New Delhi di luar Lutyens 'Delhi datang pada tahun 1950-an ketika Jabatan Kerja Raya Pusat (CPWD) mengembangkan kawasan tanah barat daya yang luas di Delhi Lutyens untuk mencipta kawasan diplomatik Chanakyapuri, di mana tanah diperuntukkan untuk kedutaan , chanceries, komisen tinggi dan kediaman para duta, sekitar vista pusat yang luas, Jalan Shanti. <> Dalam sedekad apa yang dilakukan New Delhi terlebih dahulu dari Delhi Lutyen? || 1950-an <> Apa organisasi yang membangun tanah untuk memperluaskan New Delhi pada tahun 1950-an? || Jabatan Kerja Raya Pusat <> Apakah nama kawasan yang dicipta oleh Jabatan Kerja Raya Pusat? || Chanakyapuri <> Di mana arah Chanakyapuri dilanjutkan dari New Delhi? || barat daya <> Apa gunanya kegunaan untuk tanah Chanakypuri yang baru dibangunkan? || kediaman para duta", {"qas": [{"question": "In what decade did New Delhi first extend significantly from Lutyen's Delhi?", "id": "5705ea7975f01819005e775a", "answers": [{"text": "the 1950s", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization developed land to expand New Delhi in the 1950s?", "id": "5705ea7975f01819005e775b", "answers": [{"text": "the Central Public Works Department", "answer_start": 88}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the enclave created by the Central Public Works Department?", "id": "5705ea7975f01819005e775c", "answers": [{"text": "Chanakyapuri", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which direction did Chanakyapuri extend from New Delhi?", "id": "5705ea7975f01819005e775d", "answers": [{"text": "southwest", "answer_start": 162}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was one use of the uses for the newly developed land of Chanakypuri?", "id": "5705ea7975f01819005e775e", "answers": [{"text": "residences of ambassadors", "answer_start": 312}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first major extension of New Delhi outside of Lutyens' Delhi came in the 1950s when the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) developed a large area of land southwest of Lutyens' Delhi to create the diplomatic enclave of Chanakyapuri, where land was allotted for embassies, chanceries, high commissions and residences of ambassadors, around wide central vista, Shanti Path."}], ["Dalam usaha untuk membendung pencemaran udara di New Delhi, yang menjadi paling teruk semasa musim sejuk, skim perjalanan sementara alternatif untuk kereta yang menggunakan sistem plat lesen ganjil dan juga nombor telah diumumkan oleh kerajaan Delhi pada Disember 2015. Di samping itu, trak akan dibenarkan memasuki ibu negara India hanya selepas jam 11 malam, dua jam kemudian daripada sekatan yang sedia ada. Skim sekatan memandu dirancang untuk dilaksanakan sebagai perbicaraan mulai 1 Januari 2016 untuk tempoh awal 15 hari. Pembatasan tersebut akan berkuat kuasa antara 8 pagi dan 8 malam, dan trafik tidak akan terhad pada hari Ahad. Perkhidmatan pengangkutan awam akan meningkat semasa tempoh sekatan. <> Pada musim apa pencemaran udara New Delhi semakin teruk? || musim sejuk <> Kaedah apa yang diperkenalkan pada bulan Disember 2015 untuk mengurangkan pencemaran udara New Delhi? || perjalanan alternatif> Skema perjalanan alternatif di New Delhi membolehkan trak masuk ke bandar selepas jam berapa? || 11 p.m <> Berapa lama tempoh percubaan awal untuk skim sekatan memandu New Delhi? || 15 hari <> Pada hari hari minggu perjalanan akan tetap tidak dibatasi oleh skema pemanduan hari alternatif New Delhi? || Ahad", {"qas": [{"question": "In what season does New Delhi's air pollution worsen?", "id": "5705eef775f01819005e7794", "answers": [{"text": "winter", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What method was introduced in December 2015 to reduce New Delhi's air pollution?", "id": "5705eef775f01819005e7795", "answers": [{"text": "alternate-day travel", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New Delhi's alternate-day travel scheme allowed trucks to enter the city after what hour?", "id": "5705eef775f01819005e7796", "answers": [{"text": "11 p.m", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long is the initial trial period for New Delhi's driving restriction scheme?", "id": "5705eef775f01819005e7797", "answers": [{"text": "15 days", "answer_start": 487}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what day of the week will travel remain unrestricted by New Delhi's alternate day driving scheme?", "id": "5705eef775f01819005e7798", "answers": [{"text": "Sundays", "answer_start": 594}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In an attempt to curb air pollution in New Delhi, which gets worst during the winter, a temporary alternate-day travel scheme for cars using the odd- and even-numbered license plates system was announced by Delhi government in December 2015. In addition, trucks will be allowed to enter India's capital only after 11 p.m., two hours later than the existing restriction. The driving restriction scheme is planned to be implemented as a trial from January 1, 2016 for an initial period of 15 days. The restriction will be in force between 8 a.m. and 8 p.m., and traffic will not be restricted on Sundays. Public transportation service will be increased during the restriction period."}], ["Pada 16 Disember 2015, Mahkamah Agung India mengarahkan beberapa sekatan ke atas sistem pengangkutan Delhi untuk membendung pencemaran. Di antara langkah itu, mahkamah memerintahkan menghentikan pendaftaran kenderaan diesel dan kenderaan utiliti sukan dengan kapasiti enjin sebanyak 2,000 cc dan lebih sehingga 31 Mac 2016. Mahkamah juga mengarahkan semua teksi di rantau Delhi untuk beralih kepada gas asli termampat pada Mac 1, 2016. Kenderaan pengangkutan yang berumur lebih daripada 10 tahun dilarang memasuki ibu kota. <> Pada tarikh apakah Mahkamah Agung India memberlakukan larangan terhadap sistem pengangkutan Delhi untuk mengurangkan pencemaran? || 16 Disember 2015 <> Mahkamah Agung membatasi pendaftaran beberapa kenderaan dengan enjin sebanyak 2000 cc dan seterusnya sehingga tarikh apa? || 31 Mac 2016 <> Semua teksi di Delhi diperintahkan untuk bertukar kepada jenis bahan api pada 1 Mac 2016? || gas asli termampat <> Kenderaan pengangkutan mana yang dilarang memasuki New Delhi? || kenderaan yang berumur lebih daripada 10 tahun <> Sekatan baru ke sistem pengangkutan New Delhi telah digubal oleh Mahkamah Agung untuk mencapai matlamat apa? || membendung pencemaran", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date did the Supreme Court of India enact restrictions on Delhi's transportation system to reduce pollution?", "id": "5705f31875f01819005e77b8", "answers": [{"text": "December 16, 2015", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Supreme Court restricted registration of some vehicles with engines of 2000 cc and over until what date?", "id": "5705f31875f01819005e77b9", "answers": [{"text": "March 31, 2016", "answer_start": 284}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "All taxis in Delhi were ordered to switch to what type of fuel by March 1, 2016?", "id": "5705f31875f01819005e77ba", "answers": [{"text": "compressed natural gas", "answer_start": 366}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which transportation vehicles were banned from entering New Delhi?", "id": "5705f31875f01819005e77bb", "answers": [{"text": "vehicles that are more than 10 years old", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New restrictions on New Delhi's transportation system were enacted by the Supreme Court to accomplish what goal?", "id": "5705f31875f01819005e77bc", "answers": [{"text": "curb pollution", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On December 16, 2015, the Supreme Court of India mandated several restrictions on Delhi's transportation system to curb pollution. Among the measures, the court ordered to stop registrations of diesel cars and sport utility vehicles with an engine capacity of 2,000 cc and over until March 31, 2016. The court also ordered all taxis in the Delhi region to switch to compressed natural gas by March 1, 2016. Transportation vehicles that are more than 10 years old were banned from entering the capital."}], ["New Delhi terletak pada beberapa garis kesalahan dan dengan itu mengalami gempa bumi yang kerap, kebanyakannya mempunyai keamatan ringan. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat lonjakan dalam bilangan gempa bumi dalam tempoh enam tahun yang lalu, yang paling ketara ialah gempa bumi skala 5.4 pada 2015 dengan pusat gempa di Nepal, gempa bumi 4.7 magnitud pada 25 November 2007, gempa berkekuatan 4,2 7 September 2011, gempa berkekuatan 5.2 magnitud pada 5 Mac 2012, dan sekumpulan dua gempa bumi, termasuk empat magnitud 2.5, 2.8, 3.1, dan 3.3, pada 12 November 2013. <> Berapakah magnitud gempa bumi yang ketara pada tahun 2015 yang menggegarkan New Delhi? || Magnitud 5.4 <> Gempa bumi 4.7 magnitud yang menjejaskan New Delhi berlaku pada tarikh apa? || 25 November 2007 <> Apakah magnitud gempa yang menjejaskan New Delhi pada September 2011? || 4.2 magnitud <> Berapa banyak gempa bumi berlaku pada 5 Mac 2012? || dua belas <> Apa ciri geografi New Delhi terletak pada yang bertanggungjawab untuk gempa bumi yang kerap? || garis kesalahan", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the magnitude of the notable 2015 earthquake that shook New Delhi?", "id": "5705ec5975f01819005e7778", "answers": [{"text": "5.4 magnitude", "answer_start": 219}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A 4.7 magnitude earthquake that affected New Delhi occurred on what date?", "id": "5705ec5975f01819005e7779", "answers": [{"text": "25 November 2007", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the magnitude of the earthquake that affected New Delhi on September 2011?", "id": "5705ec5975f01819005e777a", "answers": [{"text": "4.2-magnitude", "answer_start": 331}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many earthquakes occurred on March 5, 2012?", "id": "5705ec5975f01819005e777b", "answers": [{"text": "twelve", "answer_start": 436}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the geographical feature New Delhi lies on that is responsible for frequent earthquakes?", "id": "5705ec5975f01819005e777c", "answers": [{"text": "fault lines", "answer_start": 26}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New Delhi lies on several fault lines and thus experiences frequent earthquakes, most of them of mild intensity. There has, however, been a spike in the number of earthquakes in the last six years, most notable being a 5.4 magnitude earthquake in 2015 with its epicentre in Nepal, a 4.7-magnitude earthquake on 25 November 2007, a 4.2-magnitude earthquake on 7 September 2011, a 5.2-magnitude earthquake on 5 March 2012, and a swarm of twelve earthquakes, including four of magnitudes 2.5, 2.8, 3.1, and 3.3, on 12 November 2013."}], ["Iklim New Delhi adalah iklim subtropika lembap yang dipengaruhi monsun (K\u00f6ppen Cwa) dengan variasi yang tinggi antara musim panas dan musim sejuk dari segi suhu dan hujan. Suhu berbeza dari 46 \u00b0 C (115 \u00b0 F) pada musim panas hingga sekitar 0 \u00b0 C (32 \u00b0 F) pada musim sejuk. Versi kawasan iklim subtropika lembap ternyata berbeza dari banyak bandar lain dengan klasifikasi iklim ini kerana ia mempunyai musim panas yang panjang dan sangat panas, musim sejuk yang agak kering dan ringan, tempoh monsoonal, dan ribut debu. Musim panas adalah panjang, bermula dari awal April hingga Oktober, dengan musim tengkujuh yang berlaku pada pertengahan musim panas. Musim sejuk bermula pada bulan November dan puncak pada bulan Januari. Suhu purata tahunan adalah sekitar 25 \u00b0 C (77 \u00b0 F); suhu rata-rata setiap bulan bulanan adalah dari kira-kira 14 hingga 34 \u00b0 C (57 hingga 93 \u00b0 F). Suhu tertinggi New Delhi yang pernah direkodkan ialah 49.1 \u00b0 C (120.4 \u00b0 F) manakala suhu terendah yang pernah direkodkan ialah -3.2 \u00b0 C (26.2 \u00b0 F). Mereka untuk metropolis Delhi masing-masing berdiri di 49.9 \u00b0 C (121.8 \u00b0 F) dan -3.2 \u00b0 C (26.2 \u00b0 F). Purata hujan tahunan adalah 784 milimeter (30.9 in), kebanyakannya adalah semasa musim hujan pada bulan Julai dan Ogos. <> Dalam apa jenis iklim terletak di New Delhi? || iklim subtropika <> Antara bulan yang mana musim panas New Delhi yang terakhir? || April hingga Oktober <> Bilakah musim tengkujuh berlaku di New Delhi? || tengah musim panas <> Apakah suhu purata tahunan New Delhi? || 25 \u00b0 C (77 \u00b0 F) <> Apakah suhu tertinggi pernah dicatatkan di New Delhi? || 49.1 \u00b0 C (120.4 \u00b0 F)", {"qas": [{"question": "In what type of climate is New Delhi located?", "id": "5705ed1c52bb8914006896c0", "answers": [{"text": "subtropical climate", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Between which months do New Delhi's long summers last?", "id": "5705ed1c52bb8914006896c1", "answers": [{"text": "April to October", "answer_start": 552}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When does the monsoon season occur in New Delhi?", "id": "5705ed1c52bb8914006896c2", "answers": [{"text": "the middle of the summer", "answer_start": 607}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the annual mean temperature of New Delhi?", "id": "5705ed1c52bb8914006896c3", "answers": [{"text": "25 \u00b0C (77 \u00b0F)", "answer_start": 719}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the highest ever recorded temperature in New Delhi?", "id": "5705ed1c52bb8914006896c4", "answers": [{"text": "49.1 \u00b0C (120.4 \u00b0F)", "answer_start": 867}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The climate of New Delhi is a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (K\u00f6ppen Cwa) with high variation between summer and winter in terms of both temperature and rainfall. The temperature varies from 46 \u00b0C (115 \u00b0F) in summers to around 0 \u00b0C (32 \u00b0F) in winters. The area's version of a humid subtropical climate is noticeably different from many other cities with this climate classification in that it features long and very hot summers, relatively dry and mild winters, a monsoonal period, and dust storms. Summers are long, extending from early April to October, with the monsoon season occurring in the middle of the summer. Winter starts in November and peaks in January. The annual mean temperature is around 25 \u00b0C (77 \u00b0F); monthly daily mean temperatures range from approximately 14 to 34 \u00b0C (57 to 93 \u00b0F). New Delhi's highest temperature ever recorded is 49.1 \u00b0C (120.4 \u00b0F) while the lowest temperature ever recorded is \u22123.2 \u00b0C (26.2 \u00b0F). Those for Delhi metropolis stand at 49.9 \u00b0C (121.8 \u00b0F) and \u22123.2 \u00b0C (26.2 \u00b0F) respectively. The average annual rainfall is 784 millimetres (30.9 in), most of which is during the monsoons in July and August."}], ["Metro Delhi adalah sistem transit pesat yang melayani New Delhi, Delhi, Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida, dan Ghaziabad di Wilayah Ibu Negara India. Delhi Metro adalah sistem metro ke-12 terbesar di dunia dari segi panjang. Delhi Metro adalah sistem pengangkutan awam moden yang pertama di India, yang telah merevolusikan perjalanan dengan menyediakan pengangkutan yang cepat, boleh dipercayai, selamat, dan selesa. Rangkaian ini terdiri daripada enam garisan dengan jumlah panjang 189.63 kilometer (117.83 batu) dengan 142 stesen, di mana 35 berada di bawah tanah, lima berada di gred, dan selebihnya dinaikkan. Semua stesen mempunyai eskalator, lif, dan jubin sentuhan untuk membimbing gangguan penglihatan dari pintu masuk stesen ke kereta api. Ia mempunyai gabungan garis-garis tinggi, gred, dan bawah tanah, dan menggunakan kedua-dua tolok yang luas dan tolok ukur tolok standard. Empat jenis saham rolling digunakan: Mitsubishi-ROTEM Tolok yang luas, Bombardier MOVIA, Mitsubishi-ROTEM Standard gauge, dan CAF Beasain Standard gauge. <> Berapa lama nama 12 sistem metro terbesar di dunia? || Metro Delhi <> Berapa lama jumlah Metro Delhi? || 189,63 kilometer <> Berapa banyak stesen yang ada di Metro Delhi? || 142 <> Berapa banyak stesen Metro Metro terletak di bawah tanah? || 35 <> Berapa stesen Metro New Delhi terletak di aras tanah? || lima", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the world's 12 largest metro system by length?", "id": "570691b652bb891400689a6c", "answers": [{"text": "The Delhi Metro", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the total length of the Delhi Metro?", "id": "570691b652bb891400689a6d", "answers": [{"text": "189.63 kilometres", "answer_start": 452}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many stations are there on the Delhi Metro?", "id": "570691b652bb891400689a6e", "answers": [{"text": "142", "answer_start": 490}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of the Delhi Metro's stations are located underground?", "id": "570691b652bb891400689a6f", "answers": [{"text": "35", "answer_start": 513}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many of the New Delhi Metro's stations are located at ground level?", "id": "570691b652bb891400689a70", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 533}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Delhi Metro is a rapid transit system serving New Delhi, Delhi, Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida, and Ghaziabad in the National Capital Region of India. Delhi Metro is the world's 12th largest metro system in terms of length. Delhi Metro was India's first modern public transportation system, which had revolutionised travel by providing a fast, reliable, safe, and comfortable means of transport. The network consists of six lines with a total length of 189.63 kilometres (117.83 miles) with 142 stations, of which 35 are underground, five are at-grade, and the remainder are elevated. All stations have escalators, elevators, and tactile tiles to guide the visually impaired from station entrances to trains. It has a combination of elevated, at-grade, and underground lines, and uses both broad gauge and standard gauge rolling stock. Four types of rolling stock are used: Mitsubishi-ROTEM Broad gauge, Bombardier MOVIA, Mitsubishi-ROTEM Standard gauge, and CAF Beasain Standard gauge."}], ["Delhi Flying Club, ditubuhkan pada tahun 1928 dengan dua pesawat de Havilland Moth bernama Delhi dan Roshanara, berpangkalan di Lapangan Terbang Safdarjung yang memulakan operasi pada tahun 1929, ketika itu adalah lapangan terbang di Delhi dan yang kedua di India. Lapangan terbang ini berfungsi sehingga 2001, tetapi pada Januari 2002 kerajaan menutup lapangan terbang untuk aktiviti terbang kerana kebimbangan keselamatan berikutan serangan New York pada September 2001. Sejak itu, kelab itu hanya menjalankan kursus penyelenggaraan pesawat, dan digunakan untuk menaiki helikopter untuk Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Indira Gandhi untuk VIP termasuk presiden dan perdana menteri. <> Delhi Flying Club telah ditubuhkan pada tahun berapa? || 1928 <> Ketika ditubuhkan pada tahun 1928, lapangan terbang mana yang menjadi pangkalan Delhi Flying Club? || Lapangan Terbang Safdarjung <> Pada tahun apakah kerajaan menutup Lapangan Terbang Safdarjung disebabkan oleh kebimbangan keselamatan? || 2002 <> Dalam tahun berapa kelab Delhi Flying mula beroperasi? || 1929 <> Jenis pesawat yang pertama kali digunakan oleh Delhi Flying Club selepas penubuhannya? || pesawat Havilland Moth", {"qas": [{"question": "The Delhi Flying Club was established in what year?", "id": "5706899e75f01819005e7be8", "answers": [{"text": "1928", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When established in 1928, which airport served as the base of the Delhi Flying Club?", "id": "5706899e75f01819005e7be9", "answers": [{"text": "Safdarjung Airport", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the government close Safdarjung Airport due to security concerns?", "id": "5706899e75f01819005e7bea", "answers": [{"text": "2002", "answer_start": 288}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the Delhi Flying club begin operations?", "id": "5706899e75f01819005e7beb", "answers": [{"text": "1929", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of aircraft was first used by the Delhi Flying Club after its founding?", "id": "5706899e75f01819005e7bec", "answers": [{"text": "de Havilland Moth aircraft", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Delhi Flying Club, established in 1928 with two de Havilland Moth aircraft named Delhi and Roshanara, was based at Safdarjung Airport which started operations in 1929, when it was the Delhi's only airport and the second in India. The airport functioned until 2001, however in January 2002 the government closed the airport for flying activities because of security concerns following the New York attacks in September 2001. Since then, the club only carries out aircraft maintenance courses, and is used for helicopter rides to Indira Gandhi International Airport for VIP including the president and the prime minister."}], ["New Delhi mempunyai salah satu sistem pengangkutan bas terbesar di India. Bas-bas ini dikendalikan oleh Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) milik negara, yang memiliki bas-bahan api bertenaga gas CNG yang terbesar di dunia. Kenderaan peribadi terutamanya kereta juga membentuk sebahagian besar kenderaan yang menggunakan jalan raya New Delhi. New Delhi mempunyai bilangan kereta berdaftar tertinggi berbanding mana-mana bandar metropolitan lain di India. Teksi dan Rickshaws Auto juga melancarkan jalan raya New Delhi dalam jumlah besar. New Delhi mempunyai salah satu kepadatan jalan raya tertinggi di India. <> Apa organisasi milik negara yang mengendalikan sistem pengangkutan bas New Delhi? || Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) <> Delhi Transport Company memiliki armada bas terbesar di dunia yang dikuasai oleh jenis bahan bakar apa? || gas asli mampat <> Apa bandar yang mempunyai bilangan kereta berdaftar tertinggi di mana-mana bandar di India? || New Delhi <> Apa metropolis yang besar mempunyai beberapa kepadatan jalan raya tertinggi di India? || New Delhi <> Apakah jenis sistem pengangkutan kenderaan yang dimiliki oleh Delhi Transport Corporation? || Bas", {"qas": [{"question": "What state-owned organization operates New Delhi's bus transport system?", "id": "57068e4552bb891400689a56", "answers": [{"text": "Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC)", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Delhi Transport Company owns the world's largest fleet of buses powered by what type of fuel?", "id": "57068e4552bb891400689a57", "answers": [{"text": "compressed natural gas", "answer_start": 161}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city has the highest number of registered cars of any city in India?", "id": "57068e4552bb891400689a58", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What large metropolis has some of the highest road density in India? ", "id": "57068e4552bb891400689a59", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 453}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of vehicle transport system is owned by the Delhi Transport Corporation?", "id": "57068e4552bb891400689a5a", "answers": [{"text": "Buses", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New Delhi has one of India's largest bus transport systems. Buses are operated by the state-owned Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC), which owns largest fleet of compressed natural gas (CNG)-fueled buses in the world. Personal vehicles especially cars also form a major chunk of vehicles plying on New Delhi roads. New Delhi has the highest number of registered cars compared to any other metropolitan city in India. Taxis and Auto Rickshaws also ply on New Delhi roads in large numbers. New Delhi has one of the highest road density in India."}], ["Kebanyakan New Delhi, yang dirancang oleh arsitek British abad ke-20 Edwin Lutyens, telah dibentangkan sebagai kawasan pentadbiran pusat bandar sebagai bukti pretensi kerajaan Britain. New Delhi berstruktur di sekitar dua promenade tengah yang dipanggil Rajpath dan Janpath. Rajpath, atau Jalan Raja, terbentang dari Rashtrapati Bhavan ke Gerbang India. The Janpath (Hindi: \"Path of the People\"), dahulunya Queen's Way, bermula di Connaught Circus dan memotong Rajpath pada sudut yang betul. 19 kedutaan asing terletak di Shantipath berdekatan (Hindi: \"Jalan Damai\"), menjadikannya kawasan diplomatik terbesar di India. <> Apakah arkitek British yang bertanggungjawab untuk mereka bentuk banyak di New Delhi? || Edwin Lutyens <> Apakah nama-nama dua pusat persinggahan tengah di mana New Delhi berstruktur? || Rajpath dan Janpath <Yang manakah antara dua promenade yang disebut sebagai Jalan Raja? || yang Rajpath <> Jalan promenade yang dahulunya dikenali sebagai Queen's Way? || The Janpath <> Enklaf diplomatik terbesar di India yang mengandungi 19 kedutaan asing terletak di sepanjang persiaran itu? || Shantipath", {"qas": [{"question": "What British architect was responsible for designing much of New Delhi?", "id": "570685bf52bb891400689a30", "answers": [{"text": "Edwin Lutyens", "answer_start": 73}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the names of the two central promenades around which New Delhi is structured?", "id": "570685bf52bb891400689a31", "answers": [{"text": "Rajpath and the Janpath", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which of the two promenades is referred to as The King's Way?", "id": "570685bf52bb891400689a32", "answers": [{"text": "the Rajpath", "answer_start": 262}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which promenade was formerly known as the Queen's Way?", "id": "570685bf52bb891400689a33", "answers": [{"text": "The Janpath", "answer_start": 376}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The largest diplomatic enclave in India which contains 19 foreign embassies is located along which promenade?", "id": "570685bf52bb891400689a34", "answers": [{"text": "Shantipath", "answer_start": 553}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Much of New Delhi, planned by the leading 20th-century British architect Edwin Lutyens, was laid out to be the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britain's imperial pretensions. New Delhi is structured around two central promenades called the Rajpath and the Janpath. The Rajpath, or King's Way, stretches from the Rashtrapati Bhavan to the India Gate. The Janpath (Hindi: \"Path of the People\"), formerly Queen's Way, begins at Connaught Circus and cuts the Rajpath at right angles. 19 foreign embassies are located on the nearby Shantipath (Hindi: \"Path of Peace\"), making it the largest diplomatic enclave in India."}], ["Di tengah-tengah bandar ini adalah Rashtrapati Bhavan (yang dahulu dikenali sebagai Rumah Viceroy) yang terletak di puncak Raisina Hill. Sekretariat, yang menempatkan kementerian Kerajaan India, dari Rashtrapati Bhavan. Rumah Parlimen, yang direka oleh Herbert Baker, terletak di Sansad Marg, yang selari dengan Rajpath. Connaught Place adalah kawasan komersil yang luas di New Delhi, dimodelkan selepas Royal Crescent di England. Dua belas jalan berasingan membawa keluar dari cincin luar Connaught Place, salah satunya adalah Janpath. <> Dahulu dikenali sebagai Rumah Viceroy, yang bangunan besar terletak di jantung New Delhi? || Rashtrapati Bhavan <> Rashtrapati Bhavan dahulunya dikenali dengan nama apa? || Rumah Viceroy <> Connaught Place di New Delhi dimodelkan selepas kawasan England? || Royal Crescent <> Berapa banyak jalan keluar dari cincin luar Connaught Place? || Dua belas", {"qas": [{"question": "Formerly known as the Viceroy's House, which large building is located at the heart of New Delhi?", "id": "570686af52bb891400689a3a", "answers": [{"text": "Rashtrapati Bhavan", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Rashtrapati Bhavan was formerly known by what name?", "id": "570686af52bb891400689a3b", "answers": [{"text": "Viceroy's House", "answer_start": 82}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Connaught Place in New Delhi is modeled after what area of England?", "id": "570686af52bb891400689a3d", "answers": [{"text": "the Royal Crescent", "answer_start": 434}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many roads lead out of the outer ring of Connaught Place?", "id": "570686af52bb891400689a3e", "answers": [{"text": "Twelve", "answer_start": 465}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At the heart of the city is the magnificent Rashtrapati Bhavan (formerly known as Viceroy's House) which sits atop Raisina Hill. The Secretariat, which houses ministries of the Government of India, flanks out of the Rashtrapati Bhavan. The Parliament House, designed by Herbert Baker, is located at the Sansad Marg, which runs parallel to the Rajpath. Connaught Place is a large, circular commercial area in New Delhi, modelled after the Royal Crescent in England. Twelve separate roads lead out of the outer ring of Connaught Place, one of them being the Janpath."}], ["New Delhi ditadbir oleh kerajaan perbandaran, yang dikenali sebagai Majlis Perbandaran New Delhi (NDMC). Kawasan bandar metropolitan Delhi lain ditadbir oleh Perbadanan Perbandaran Delhi (MCD). Walau bagaimanapun, keseluruhan metropolis Delhi dikenali sebagai New Delhi berbeza dengan Old Delhi. <> Apakah nama kerajaan perbandaran di mana New Delhi dikawal? || Majlis Perbandaran New Delhi (NDMC) <> Apakah badan kerajaan bertanggungjawab untuk mentadbir kawasan bandar metropolis lain Delhi? || Perbadanan Perbandaran Delhi (MCD) <> Apakah nama yang biasa digunakan untuk merujuk ke seluruh metropolis Delhi? || New Delhi <> Kerajaan Perbandaran New Delhi mengawasi kota besar India? || New Delhi <> Apakah bentuk kerajaan yang bertanggungjawab untuk perbandaran New Delhi? || sebuah kerajaan perbandaran", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the municipal government by which New Delhi is governed?", "id": "5706848475f01819005e7bc2", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC)", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What government body is responsible for administering other urban areas of the metropolis of Delhi?", "id": "5706848475f01819005e7bc3", "answers": [{"text": "Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD)", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name commonly used to refer to the entire metropolis of Delhi?", "id": "5706848475f01819005e7bc4", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The New Delhi Municipal Government oversees what large Indian city?", "id": "5706848475f01819005e7bc5", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What form of government is responsible for the municipality of New Delhi?", "id": "5706848475f01819005e7bc6", "answers": [{"text": "a municipal government", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New Delhi is governed through a municipal government, known as the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC). Other urban areas of the metropolis of Delhi are administered by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD). However, the entire metropolis of Delhi is commonly known as New Delhi in contrast to Old Delhi."}], ["New Delhi adalah persimpangan utama di rangkaian keretapi India dan merupakan ibu pejabat Kereta Api Utara. Lima stesen keretapi utama adalah stesen kereta api New Delhi, Old Delhi, Stesen Kereta Api Nizamuddin, Terminal Keretapi Anand Vihar dan Sarai Rohilla. Delhi Metro, sebuah sistem transit cepat yang dibina dan dikendalikan oleh Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC), melayani banyak bahagian Delhi dan bandar-bandar jiran Faridabad, Gurgaon, Noida dan Ghaziabad. Sehingga Ogos 2011, metro terdiri daripada enam laluan operasi dengan jumlah panjang 189 km (117 batu) dan 146 stesen, dan beberapa laluan lain sedang dalam pembinaan. Ia membawa berjuta-juta penumpang setiap hari. Di samping Metro Delhi, sebuah keretapi pinggir bandar, Keretapi Suburban Delhi ada. <> Apa bandar India adalah ibu pejabat Kereta Api Utara? || New Delhi <> Berapa banyak stesen utama di Northern Railway berkhidmat di kawasan New Delhi? || lima <> Metro Delhi terdiri daripada berapa stesen? || 146 <> Organisasi apa yang bertanggungjawab untuk membina dan mengendalikan sistem Metro Metro? || Delhi Metro Rail Corporation", {"qas": [{"question": "What Indian city is the headquarters of the Northern Railway?", "id": "57068f3a75f01819005e7c06", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many main stations of the Northern Railway serve the New Delhi area?", "id": "57068f3a75f01819005e7c07", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Delhi Metro consists of how many stations?", "id": "57068f3a75f01819005e7c09", "answers": [{"text": "146", "answer_start": 564}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization is responsible for building and operating the Delhi Metro system?", "id": "57068f3a75f01819005e7c0a", "answers": [{"text": "Delhi Metro Rail Corporation", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New Delhi is a major junction in the Indian railway network and is the headquarters of the Northern Railway. The five main railway stations are New Delhi railway station, Old Delhi, Nizamuddin Railway Station, Anand Vihar Railway Terminal and Sarai Rohilla. The Delhi Metro, a mass rapid transit system built and operated by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC), serves many parts of Delhi and the neighbouring cities Faridabad, Gurgaon, Noida and Ghaziabad. As of August 2011, the metro consists of six operational lines with a total length of 189 km (117 mi) and 146 stations, and several other lines are under construction. It carries millions of passengers every day. In addition to the Delhi Metro, a suburban railway, the Delhi Suburban Railway exists."}], ["Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Indira Gandhi, terletak di barat daya Delhi, merupakan pintu masuk utama bagi lalu lintas udara awam dan domestik di bandaraya. Pada 2012-13, lapangan terbang itu digunakan oleh lebih daripada 35 juta penumpang, menjadikannya salah satu lapangan terbang paling sibuk di Asia Selatan. Terminal 3, yang bernilai \u00a5 96.8 bilion (AS $ 1.4 bilion) untuk membina antara 2007 dan 2010, mengendalikan tambahan 37 juta penumpang setiap tahun. <> Apa lapangan terbang utama terletak di barat daya Delhi? || Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Indira Gandhi <> Berapa banyak penumpang yang menggunakan Lapangan Terbang Indira Gandhi dari 2012-2013? || 35 juta <> Berapa banyak wang yang dikenakan Terminal 3 untuk Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Indira Gandhi untuk membina? || \u20b9 96.8 bilion <> Berapa banyak penumpang menggunakan Terminal 3 di Lapangan Terbang Indira Gandhi setiap tahun? || 37 juta <> Tahun apakah pembinaan Terminal 3 lapangan terbang Indira Gandhi selesai? || 2010", {"qas": [{"question": "What major airport is located to the southwest of Delhi?", "id": "5706888d75f01819005e7bde", "answers": [{"text": "Indira Gandhi International Airport", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Approximately how many passengers used Indira Gandhi Airport from 2012-2013?", "id": "5706888d75f01819005e7bdf", "answers": [{"text": "35 million", "answer_start": 203}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much money did Terminal 3 of Indira Gandhi International Airport cost to construct?", "id": "5706888d75f01819005e7be0", "answers": [{"text": "\u20b996.8 billion", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many passengers use Terminal 3 of Indira Gandhi Airport each year?", "id": "5706888d75f01819005e7be1", "answers": [{"text": "37 million", "answer_start": 391}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was construction of Terminal 3 of Indira Gandhi airport finished?", "id": "5706888d75f01819005e7be2", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Indira Gandhi International Airport, situated to the southwest of Delhi, is the main gateway for the city's domestic and international civilian air traffic. In 2012-13, the airport was used by more than 35 million passengers, making it one of the busiest airports in South Asia. Terminal 3, which cost \u20b996.8 billion (US$1.4 billion) to construct between 2007 and 2010, handles an additional 37 million passengers annually."}], ["Pada tahun 2010, Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Indira Gandhi (IGIA) telah menerima anugerah lapangan terbang keempat terbaik di dunia dalam kategori 15-25 juta, dan Lapangan Terbang Terbaik yang Baik di Rantau Asia Pasifik oleh Majlis Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa. Lapangan terbang itu dinilai sebagai lapangan terbang Terbaik di dunia dalam kategori penumpang 25-40 juta pada tahun 2015, oleh Airports Airports International. [Tidak dalam rujukan diberikan] [sumber yang lebih baik diperlukan] Lapangan Terbang Delhi juga membawa dua anugerah untuk Lapangan Terbang Terbaik di Tengah Kakitangan Lapangan Terbang Asia / India dan Lapangan Terbang Terbaik di Asia Tengah / India di Anugerah Lapangan Terbang Dunia Skytrax 2015. <> Pada tahun apakah Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Indira Gandhi mendapat anugerah untuk menjadi lapangan terbang terbaik di dunia dalam kategori 15-25 juta? || 2010 <> Organisasi apa yang bertanggungjawab untuk memberikan Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Indira Gandhi sebagai Lapangan Terbang Terbaik yang Baik di Rantau Asia Pasifik? || Majlis Bandaraya Antarabangsa <> Tahun apakah Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Indira Gandhi memenangi anugerah untuk lapangan terbang Terbaik di dunia dalam kategori penumpang 25-40 juta? || 2015 <> Berapa banyak anugerah yang dimenangi Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Indira Gandhi di Anugerah Lapangan Terbang Dunia Skytrax 2015? || dua <> Pada tahun 2015, Majlis Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa memberikan apa anugerah kepada Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Indira Gandhi? || Lapangan terbang terbaik di dunia dalam kategori penumpang 25-40 juta", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Indira Gandhi International Airport earn an award for being forth best airport in the world in the 15-25 million category?", "id": "57068cda75f01819005e7bf2", "answers": [{"text": "2010", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization is responsible for awarding Indira Gandhi International Airport as Best Improved Airport in the Asia-Pacific Region?", "id": "57068cda75f01819005e7bf3", "answers": [{"text": "Airports Council International", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Indira Gandhi International Airport win an award for Best airport in the world in the 25-40 million passenger category?", "id": "57068cda75f01819005e7bf4", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many awards did Indira Gandhi International Airport win at the Skytrax World Airport Awards 2015?", "id": "57068cda75f01819005e7bf5", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 437}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In 2015, the Airports Council International gave what award to Indira Gandhi International Airport?", "id": "57068cda75f01819005e7bf6", "answers": [{"text": "Best airport in the world in the 25\u201340 million passengers category", "answer_start": 257}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2010, Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGIA) was conferred the fourth best airport award in the world in the 15\u201325 million category, and Best Improved Airport in the Asia-Pacific Region by Airports Council International. The airport was rated as the Best airport in the world in the 25\u201340 million passengers category in 2015, by Airports Council International.[not in citation given][better source needed] Delhi Airport also bags two awards for The Best Airport in Central Asia/India and Best Airport Staff in Central Asia/India at the Skytrax World Airport Awards 2015."}], ["Delhi Metro sedang dibina dan dikendalikan oleh Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC), sebuah syarikat milik negara dengan penyertaan ekuiti yang sama dari Kerajaan India dan Kerajaan Wilayah Ibu Kota Negara Delhi. Bagaimanapun, organisasi itu berada di bawah kawalan pentadbiran Kementerian Pembangunan Bandar, Kerajaan India. Selain pembinaan dan pengendalian metro Delhi, DMRC juga terlibat dalam perancangan dan pelaksanaan rel kereta api, monorel dan projek kereta api berkelajuan tinggi di India dan menyediakan perkhidmatan perundingan kepada projek metro lain di negara ini dan juga di luar negara. Projek Metro Metro dipelopori oleh Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan, Pengarah Urusan DMRC dan dikenali sebagai \"Metro Man\" India. Dia melepaskan diri dari DMRC, mengambil tanggungjawab moral untuk keruntuhan jambatan metro yang mengambil lima nyawa. Sreedharan dianugerahkan dengan Legion of Honor yang berprestij oleh Kerajaan Perancis atas sumbangannya ke Metro Delhi. <> Organisasi apa yang mengendalikan sistem Metro Metro? || Delhi Metro Rail Corporation <> Delhi Metro Rail Corporation beroperasi di bawah kawalan pentadbiran badan kerajaan apa? || Kementerian Pembangunan Bandar <> Projek Metro Delhi dipelopori oleh angka kerajaan India? || Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan <> Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan terkenal dengan nama samarannya? || \"Metro Man\" <> Apakah anugerah utama diberikan kepada Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan atas sumbangannya di Metro Delhi? || Legion of Honor", {"qas": [{"question": "What organization operates the Delhi Metro system?", "id": "5706930552bb891400689a80", "answers": [{"text": "Delhi Metro Rail Corporation", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation operates under the administrative control of what government body?", "id": "5706930552bb891400689a81", "answers": [{"text": "Ministry of Urban Development", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Delhi Metro project was spearheaded by what Indian government figure?", "id": "5706930552bb891400689a82", "answers": [{"text": "Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan", "answer_start": 645}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan was popularly known by what nickname?", "id": "5706930552bb891400689a83", "answers": [{"text": "\"Metro Man\"", "answer_start": 733}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What major award was given to Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan for his contribution the the Delhi Metro?", "id": "5706930552bb891400689a84", "answers": [{"text": "Legion of Honour", "answer_start": 910}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Delhi Metro is being built and operated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC), a state-owned company with equal equity participation from Government of India and Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. However, the organisation is under administrative control of Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. Besides construction and operation of Delhi metro, DMRC is also involved in the planning and implementation of metro rail, monorail and high-speed rail projects in India and providing consultancy services to other metro projects in the country as well as abroad. The Delhi Metro project was spearheaded by Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan, the Managing Director of DMRC and popularly known as the \"Metro Man\" of India. He famously resigned from DMRC, taking moral responsibility for a metro bridge collapse which took five lives. Sreedharan was awarded with the prestigious Legion of Honour by the French Government for his contribution to Delhi Metro."}], ["Hindu adalah agama 79.8% penduduk New Delhi. Terdapat juga masyarakat Islam (12.9%), Sikh (5.4%), Jains (1.1%) dan Kristian (0.9%) di Delhi. Kumpulan agama lain (2.5%) termasuk Parsis, Budha dan Yahudi. <> Berapa peratus daripada penduduk New Delhi adalah Hindu? || 79.8% <> Apa agama paling kerap dipraktikkan di New Delhi? || Hinduisme <> Berapa peratus penduduk New Delhi adalah Muslim? || 12.9% <> Berapa peratus penduduk New Delhi adalah Sikh? || 5.4% <> Berapa peratus penduduk New Delhi adalah orang Kristian? || 0.9%", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of New Delhi's population is Hindu?", "id": "570698c075f01819005e7c2c", "answers": [{"text": "79.8%", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the most commonly practiced religion in New Delhi?", "id": "570698c075f01819005e7c2d", "answers": [{"text": "Hinduism", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of New Delhi's population is Muslim?", "id": "570698c075f01819005e7c2e", "answers": [{"text": "12.9%", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of New Delhi's population is Sikh?", "id": "570698c075f01819005e7c2f", "answers": [{"text": "5.4%", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of New Delhi's population is Christian?", "id": "570698c075f01819005e7c30", "answers": [{"text": "0.9%", "answer_start": 151}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hinduism is the religion of 79.8% of New Delhi's population. There are also communities of Muslims (12.9%), Sikhs (5.4%), Jains (1.1%) and Christians (0.9%) in Delhi. Other religious groups (2.5%) include Parsis, Buddhists and Jews."}], ["Rajpath yang dibina serupa dengan Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es di Paris adalah boulevard upacara untuk Republik India yang terletak di New Delhi. Perbarisan Hari Republik tahunan berlaku di sini pada 26 Januari. <> Rajpath dibina sama seperti jalan Paris yang terkenal? || Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es <> Apa nama boulevard upacara untuk Republik India di New Delhi? || The Rajpath <> Di mana boulevard apa perarakan Hari Republik berlaku setiap tahun? || The Rajpath <> Perbarakan tahunan apa berlaku pada Rajpath setiap Januari? || Perbarisan Hari Republik <> Pada tarikh mana perarakan Hari Republik tahunan diadakan di New Delhi? || 26 Januari", {"qas": [{"question": "The Rajpath was constructed similarly to what famous Parisian street?", "id": "5706a25b75f01819005e7c84", "answers": [{"text": "the Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the ceremonial boulevard for the Republic of India in New Delhi?", "id": "5706a25b75f01819005e7c85", "answers": [{"text": "The Rajpath", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On what boulevard does the Republic Day parade take place each year?", "id": "5706a25b75f01819005e7c86", "answers": [{"text": "The Rajpath", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What annual parade takes place on the Rajpath each January?", "id": "5706a25b75f01819005e7c87", "answers": [{"text": "Republic Day parade", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On which date is the annual Republic Day parade held in New Delhi?", "id": "5706a25b75f01819005e7c88", "answers": [{"text": "26 January", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Rajpath which was built similar to the Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es in Paris is the ceremonial boulevard for the Republic of India located in New Delhi. The annual Republic Day parade takes place here on 26 January."}], ["Gerbang India yang dibina pada tahun 1931 diilhamkan oleh Arc de Triomphe di Paris. Ia adalah monumen kebangsaan India yang memperingati 90,000 tentera Tentera India yang kehilangan nyawa mereka ketika berjuang untuk Raj British dalam Perang Dunia I dan Perang Anglo-Afghan Ketiga. <> Tahun apakah gerbang India dibina? || 1931 <> Gerbang India diilhamkan oleh apa monumen Paris? || Arc de Triomphe <> Gerbang India memperingati berapa askar perang masa lalu? || 90,000 <> Yang monumen India, yang diilhamkan oleh Arc de Triomphe, dibina pada tahun 1931? || Gerbang India <> Gerbang India memperingati tentara yang hilang dari tentara apa? || Tentera India", {"qas": [{"question": "What year was the India Gate built?", "id": "5706a1ad75f01819005e7c7a", "answers": [{"text": "1931", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Indian Gate was inspired by what Parisian monument?", "id": "5706a1ad75f01819005e7c7b", "answers": [{"text": "Arc de Triomphe", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The India Gate commemorates how many soldiers of past wars?", "id": "5706a1ad75f01819005e7c7c", "answers": [{"text": "90,000", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Indian monument, inspired by the Arc de Triomphe, was built in 1931?", "id": "5706a1ad75f01819005e7c7d", "answers": [{"text": "The India Gate", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The India Gate commemorates the lost soldiers of what army?", "id": "5706a1ad75f01819005e7c7e", "answers": [{"text": "Indian Army", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The India Gate built in 1931 was inspired by the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. It is the national monument of India commemorating the 90,000 soldiers of the Indian Army who lost their lives while fighting for the British Raj in World War I and the Third Anglo-Afghan War."}], ["Ia mengambil masa kira-kira 20 tahun untuk membina kota itu dari tahun 1911. Banyak elemen seni bina New Delhi yang meminjam dari sumber asli; Walau bagaimanapun, mereka sesuai dengan tradisi klasik Klasik / Palladian. Hakikat bahawa terdapat ciri-ciri asli dalam reka bentuk itu adalah disebabkan oleh kegigihan dan mendesak kedua Viceroy Lord Hardinge dan ahli sejarah seperti E.B. Havell. <> Berapa lamakah yang diperlukan untuk membina New Delhi? || 20 tahun <> Seni bina New Delhi meminjam dari sumber asli tetapi sesuai dengan tradisi apa? || British Classical / Palladian <> Apa sejarawan yang bertanggungjawab sebahagian besarnya untuk menggunakan ciri-ciri asli dalam senibina New Delhi? || E.B. Havell <> Pejabat kerajaan mana yang menggesa supaya ciri-ciri asli digunakan dalam reka bentuk New Delhi? || Viceroy Lord Hardinge <> Banyak elemen seni bina New Delhi yang meminjam dari apa sumbernya? || orang asli", {"qas": [{"question": "Approximately how long did it take to build New Delhi?", "id": "57069fac75f01819005e7c5e", "answers": [{"text": "20 years", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The architecture of New Delhi borrows from indigenous sources but fits into what tradition?", "id": "57069fac75f01819005e7c5f", "answers": [{"text": "British Classical/Palladian", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What historian is partially responsible for the use of indigenous features in the architecture of New Delhi?", "id": "57069fac75f01819005e7c60", "answers": [{"text": "E.B. Havell", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which government official urged that indigenous features be used in the design of New Delhi?", "id": "57069fac75f01819005e7c61", "answers": [{"text": "Viceroy Lord Hardinge", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Many of the architectural elements of New Delhi borrow from what sources?", "id": "57069fac75f01819005e7c62", "answers": [{"text": "indigenous", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It took about 20 years to build the city from 1911. Many elements of New Delhi architecture borrow from indigenous sources; however, they fit into a British Classical/Palladian tradition. The fact that there were any indigenous features in the design were due to the persistence and urging of both the Viceroy Lord Hardinge and historians like E.B. Havell."}], ["Pada tahun 2007, organisasi Buddha Jepun Nipponzan Myohoji memutuskan untuk membina Pagoda Keamanan di bandar yang mengandungi peninggalan Buddha. Ia telah dirasmikan oleh Dalai Lama semasa. <> The Nipponzan Myohoji memutuskan untuk membina Pagoda Keamanan di Delhi baru dalam tahun berapa? || 2007 <> Pagoda Keamanan yang dibina di New Delhi oleh Nipponzan Myohoji mengandungi apa jenis artifak? || Buddha relik <> Yang Buddha Buddha Jepun membina Pagoda Keamanan di New Delhi pada tahun 2007? || Nipponzan Myohoji <> Pagoda Keamanan yang dibina di New Delhi oleh Nipponzan Myohoji telah dirasmikan oleh tokoh yang menonjol? || Dalai Lama <> Struktur apa yang Nipponzan Myohoji memutuskan untuk membina di New Delhi pada tahun 2007? || Pagoda Keamanan", {"qas": [{"question": "The Nipponzan Myohoji decided to build a Peace Pagoda in new Delhi in what year?", "id": "57069d6f75f01819005e7c54", "answers": [{"text": "2007", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Peace Pagoda built in New Delhi by the Nipponzan Myohoji contained what type of artifacts?", "id": "57069d6f75f01819005e7c55", "answers": [{"text": "Buddha relics", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Japanese Buddhist organization built a Peace Pagoda in New Delhi in 2007?", "id": "57069d6f75f01819005e7c56", "answers": [{"text": "Nipponzan Myohoji", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Peace Pagoda built in New Delhi by the Nipponzan Myohoji was inaugurated by which prominent figure?", "id": "57069d6f75f01819005e7c57", "answers": [{"text": "Dalai Lama", "answer_start": 166}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What structure did the Nipponzan Myohoji decide to build in New Delhi in 2007?", "id": "57069d6f75f01819005e7c58", "answers": [{"text": "Peace Pagoda", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2007, the Japanese Buddhist organisation Nipponzan Myohoji decided to build a Peace Pagoda in the city containing Buddha relics. It was inaugurated by the current Dalai Lama."}], ["Rancangan bandar New Delhi, seperti seni bina, dipilih dengan satu pertimbangan utama: untuk menjadi lambang kekuasaan dan kekuasaan British. Semua keputusan lain adalah subordinat ini, dan kerangka kerja ini yang menentukan pilihan dan penerapan simbologi dan pengaruh dari seni bina Hindu dan Islam. <> Rancangan bandar New Delhi dipilih terutamanya untuk melambangkan apa? || Kuasa dan supremasi British <> Rancangan bandar New Delhi dipengaruhi oleh jenis seni bina apa? || Hindu dan Islam <> Apa rencana bandar dipilih dengan pertimbangan utama untuk memaparkan kuasa dan keunggulan British? || Pelan bandar New Delhi <> Apakah satu jenis seni bina yang sangat mempengaruhi rancangan bandar New Delhi? || Hindu", {"qas": [{"question": "The New Delhi town plan was chosen primarily to symbolize what?", "id": "57069e7a52bb891400689aec", "answers": [{"text": "British power and supremacy", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The New Delhi town plan was influenced by what type of architecture?", "id": "57069e7a52bb891400689aed", "answers": [{"text": "Hindu and Islamic", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What town plan was chosen with the chief consideration of displaying British power and superiority?", "id": "57069e7a52bb891400689aee", "answers": [{"text": "The New Delhi town plan", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one type of architecture that heavily influenced the New Delhi town plan?", "id": "57069e7a52bb891400689aef", "answers": [{"text": "Hindu", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The New Delhi town plan, like its architecture, was chosen with one single chief consideration: to be a symbol of British power and supremacy. All other decisions were subordinate to this, and it was this framework that dictated the choice and application of symbology and influences from both Hindu and Islamic architecture."}], ["New Delhi mempunyai penduduk 249,998. Hindi dan Punjabi adalah bahasa yang paling banyak digunakan di New Delhi dan lingua franca di bandar. Bahasa Inggeris terutamanya digunakan sebagai bahasa rasmi oleh institusi perniagaan dan kerajaan. New Delhi mempunyai kadar celik huruf 89,38% menurut sensus 2011, yang tertinggi di Delhi. <> Apakah populasi New Delhi? || 249,998 <> Apakah bahasa yang paling biasa digunakan di New Delhi? || Hindi dan Punjabi <> Bahasa apa yang digunakan untuk tujuan rasmi oleh institusi perniagaan dan kerajaan di New Delhi? || Bahasa Inggeris <> Apakah angka celik huruf di New Delhi mengikut banci 2011? || 89.38% <> Apa bandar di wilayah Delhi mempunyai kadar celik huruf tertinggi? || New Delhi", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the population of New Delhi?", "id": "5706983475f01819005e7c22", "answers": [{"text": "249,998", "answer_start": 30}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the most common languages spoken in New Delhi?", "id": "5706983475f01819005e7c23", "answers": [{"text": "Hindi and Punjabi", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What language is used for formal purposes by business and government institutes of New Delhi?", "id": "5706983475f01819005e7c24", "answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the literacy rate of New Delhi according to the 2011 census?", "id": "5706983475f01819005e7c25", "answers": [{"text": "89.38%", "answer_start": 263}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What city in the territory of Delhi has the highest literacy rate?", "id": "5706983475f01819005e7c26", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New Delhi has a population of 249,998. Hindi and Punjabi are the most widely spoken languages in New Delhi and the lingua franca of the city. English is primarily used as the formal language by business and government institutes. New Delhi has a literacy rate of 89.38% according to 2011 census, which is highest in Delhi."}], ["New Delhi adalah rumah kepada beberapa tapak bersejarah dan muzium. Muzium Nasional yang bermula dengan pameran seni India dan artifak di Royal Academy di London pada musim sejuk tahun 1947-48 kemudiannya pada akhirnya ditunjukkan di Rashtrapati Bhawan pada tahun 1949. Kemudian ia menjadi sebuah Muzium Nasional yang tetap. Pada 15 Ogos 1949, Muzium Negara telah dirasmikan secara rasmi dan kini mempunyai 200,000 karya seni, kedua-dua asal India dan asing, yang meliputi lebih dari 5,000 tahun. <> Pada tarikh apakah Muzium Negara telah dirasmikan secara rasmi? || 15 Ogos 1949 <> Berapa banyak karya seni yang kini tinggal di Muzium Negara? || 200,000 <> Berapa lama masa 200,000 karya seni di Muzium Negara merangkumi? || 5,000 tahun <> Muzium Negara bermula pada tahun 1947 dengan memaparkan jenis seni apa? || Seni India <> Pada musim sejuk tahun 1947, Muzium Negara bermula dengan mempamerkan seni India di lokasi apa? || Royal Academy di London", {"qas": [{"question": "On what date was the National Museum formally inaugurated?", "id": "5706a0a975f01819005e7c70", "answers": [{"text": "15 August 1949", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many works of art currently reside in the National Museum?", "id": "5706a0a975f01819005e7c71", "answers": [{"text": "200,000", "answer_start": 390}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What length of time do the 200,000 works of art in the National Museum encompass?", "id": "5706a0a975f01819005e7c72", "answers": [{"text": "5,000 years", "answer_start": 461}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The National Museum began in 1947 with a display of what type of art?", "id": "5706a0a975f01819005e7c73", "answers": [{"text": "Indian art", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In the winter of 1947, the National Museum started with a display of Indian art in what location?", "id": "5706a0a975f01819005e7c74", "answers": [{"text": "Royal Academy in London", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New Delhi is home to several historic sites and museums. The National Museum which began with an exhibition of Indian art and artefacts at the Royal Academy in London in the winter of 1947\u201348 was later at the end was shown at the Rashtrapati Bhawan in 1949. Later it was to form a permanent National Museum. On 15 August 1949, the National Museum was formally inaugurated and currently has 200,000 works of art, both of Indian and foreign origin, covering over 5,000 years."}], ["Perayaan keagamaan termasuk Diwali (perayaan cahaya), Maha Shivaratri, Teej, Guru Nanak Jayanti, Baisakhi, Durga Puja, Holi, Lohri, Eid ul-Fitr, Eid ul-Adha, Krismas, Chhath Puja dan Mahavir Jayanti. Pesta Qutub adalah acara kebudayaan di mana persembahan pemuzik dan penari dari seluruh India dipamerkan pada waktu malam, dengan Qutub Minar sebagai latar belakang acara yang dipilih. Acara lain seperti Kite Flying Festival, Festival Mango Antarabangsa dan Vasant Panchami (Festival Spring) diadakan setiap tahun di Delhi. <> Apa festival agama yang juga dikenali sebagai perayaan cahaya? || Diwali <> Apa acara kebudayaan yang mempamerkan penari dan pemuzik dari seluruh India? || Festival Qutub <> Di lokasi apakah Festival Qutub diadakan? || Qutub Minar <> Festival Spring yang diadakan setiap tahun di Delhi juga dikenali dengan nama apa? || Vasant Panchami <> Apakah nama perayaan berkaitan buah yang diadakan setiap tahun di Delhi? || Festival Mango Antarabangsa", {"qas": [{"question": "What religious festival is also known as the festival of light?", "id": "57069c6952bb891400689ae2", "answers": [{"text": "Diwali", "answer_start": 28}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What cultural event showcases dancers and musicians from all over India?", "id": "57069c6952bb891400689ae3", "answers": [{"text": "The Qutub Festival", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what location is The Qutub Festival held?", "id": "57069c6952bb891400689ae4", "answers": [{"text": "the Qutub Minar", "answer_start": 347}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Spring Festival which is held each year in Delhi is also known by what name?", "id": "57069c6952bb891400689ae5", "answers": [{"text": "Vasant Panchami", "answer_start": 476}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the fruit related festival held annually in Delhi?", "id": "57069c6952bb891400689ae6", "answers": [{"text": "International Mango Festival", "answer_start": 443}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Religious festivals include Diwali (the festival of light), Maha Shivaratri, Teej, Guru Nanak Jayanti, Baisakhi, Durga Puja, Holi, Lohri, Eid ul-Fitr, Eid ul-Adha, Christmas, Chhath Puja and Mahavir Jayanti. The Qutub Festival is a cultural event during which performances of musicians and dancers from all over India are showcased at night, with the Qutub Minar as the chosen backdrop of the event. Other events such as Kite Flying Festival, International Mango Festival and Vasant Panchami (the Spring Festival) are held every year in Delhi."}], ["New Delhi adalah sebuah bandar kosmopolitan kerana kehadiran pelbagai etnik dan pelbagai budaya birokrasi India dan sistem politik yang luas. Status modal bandar telah menguatkan kepentingan peristiwa dan cuti kebangsaan. Acara kebangsaan seperti Hari Republik, Hari Kemerdekaan dan Gandhi Jayanti (hari jadi Gandhi) disambut dengan penuh semangat di New Delhi dan seluruh India. Pada Hari Kemerdekaan India (15 Ogos), Perdana Menteri India membincangkan negara dari Red Fort. Kebanyakan penduduk Delhi merayakan hari ini dengan layang-layang terbang, yang dianggap simbol kebebasan. Parade Hari Republik adalah perarakan kebudayaan dan ketenteraan yang mempamerkan kepelbagaian budaya dan kekuatan tentera India. <> Apa nama perayaan yang disambut di India yang berlaku pada Hari Lahir Gandhi? || Gandhi Jayanti <> Apakah tarikh Hari Kemerdekaan India? || 15 Ogos <> Pada Hari Kemerdekaan India, Perdana Menteri mengarahkan negara dari lokasi apa? || Fort Red <> Pada Hari Kemerdekaan India, layang-layang diterbangkan oleh rakyat yang melambangkan konsep apa? || kebebasan <> Apa perayaan New Delhi mempamerkan kepelbagaian budaya dan ketenteraan India? || Parade Hari Republik", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the holiday celebrated in India that occurs on Gandhi's Birthday?", "id": "57069b2b75f01819005e7c40", "answers": [{"text": "Gandhi Jayanti", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the date of India's Independence Day?", "id": "57069b2b75f01819005e7c41", "answers": [{"text": "15 August", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On Indian Independence Day, the Prime Minister addresses the nation from what location?", "id": "57069b2b75f01819005e7c42", "answers": [{"text": "the Red Fort", "answer_start": 487}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On Indian Independence Day, kites are flown by citizens which symbolize what concept?", "id": "57069b2b75f01819005e7c43", "answers": [{"text": "freedom", "answer_start": 584}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What New Delhi celebration showcases India's cultural diversity and military power?", "id": "57069b2b75f01819005e7c44", "answers": [{"text": "Republic Day Parade", "answer_start": 597}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New Delhi is a cosmopolitan city due to the multi-ethnic and multi-cultural presence of the vast Indian bureaucracy and political system. The city's capital status has amplified the importance of national events and holidays. National events such as Republic Day, Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti (Gandhi's birthday) are celebrated with great enthusiasm in New Delhi and the rest of India. On India's Independence Day (15 August) the Prime Minister of India addresses the nation from the Red Fort. Most Delhiites celebrate the day by flying kites, which are considered a symbol of freedom. The Republic Day Parade is a large cultural and military parade showcasing India's cultural diversity and military might."}], ["Gandhi Smriti di New Delhi adalah lokasi di mana Mahatma Gandhi menghabiskan 144 hari terakhir dalam hidupnya dan dibunuh pada 30 Januari 1948. Rajghat adalah tempat di mana Mahatma Gandhi dikebumikan pada 31 Januari 1948 selepas pembunuhannya dan abunya dimakamkan dan membuat ia adalah tempat berehat terakhir di samping kesucian Sungai Yamuna. The Raj Ghat dalam bentuk platform persegi besar dengan marmar hitam direka oleh arkitek Vanu Bhuta. <> Di mana lokasi Mahatma Gandhi menghabiskan akhir 144 hari dalam hidupnya? || Gandhi Smriti <> Di mana bandar itu terdapat Gandhi Smriti? || New Delhi <> Pada tarikh mana Mahatma Gandhi dibunuh? || 30 Januari 1948 <> Di mana lokasi Mahatma Gandhi dikebumikan? || Rajghat <> The Raj Ghat telah direka oleh arkitek apa? || Vanu Bhuta", {"qas": [{"question": "In which location did Mahatma Gandhi spend the final 144 days of his life?", "id": "5706a32852bb891400689af4", "answers": [{"text": "Gandhi Smriti", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which city is the Gandhi Smriti located?", "id": "5706a32852bb891400689af5", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "On which date was Mahatma Gandhi killed?", "id": "5706a32852bb891400689af6", "answers": [{"text": "30 January 1948", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what location was Mahatma Gandhi cremated?", "id": "5706a32852bb891400689af7", "answers": [{"text": "Rajghat", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Raj Ghat was designed by what architect?", "id": "5706a32852bb891400689af8", "answers": [{"text": "Vanu Bhuta", "answer_start": 435}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Gandhi Smriti in New Delhi is the location where Mahatma Gandhi spent the last 144 days of his life and was assassinated on 30 January 1948. Rajghat is the place where Mahatma Gandhi was cremated on 31 January 1948 after his assassination and his ashes were buried and make it a final resting place beside the sanctity of the Yamuna River. The Raj Ghat in the shape of large square platform with black marble was designed by architect Vanu Bhuta."}], ["Tempat-tempat sukan utama di New Delhi termasuk Stadium Jawaharlal Nehru, Stadium Ambedkar, Indoor Stadium Indira Gandhi, Feroz Shah Kotla Ground, R.K. Kompleks Tenis Khanna, Stadium Nasional Dhyan Chand dan Kompleks Sukan Siri Fort. <> Apa stadium tenis utama terletak di New Delhi? || R.K. Kompleks Tenis Khanna <> Apa tempat sukan utama di New Delhi menanggung nama bekas perdana menteri Indira Gandhi? || Stadium Tertutup Indira Gandhi <> Stadium Jawaharlal Nehru terletak di mana bandar India? || New Delhi <> Di mana bandar India terletak Kompleks Sukan Siri Fort yang terletak? || New Delhi <> Stadium Nasional Dhyan Chand terletak di mana bandar utama India? || New Delhi", {"qas": [{"question": "What major tennis stadium is located in New Delhi?", "id": "5706ab2e52bb891400689b40", "answers": [{"text": "R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What major sports venue in New Delhi bears the name of the former prime minister Indira Gandhi?", "id": "5706ab2e52bb891400689b41", "answers": [{"text": "Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium is located in which Indian city?", "id": "5706ab2e52bb891400689b42", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which Indian city is the Siri Fort Sports Complex located?", "id": "5706ab2e52bb891400689b43", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Dhyan Chand National Stadium is located in which major Indian city?", "id": "5706ab2e52bb891400689b44", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Major sporting venues in New Delhi include the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Ambedkar Stadium, Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, Feroz Shah Kotla Ground, R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex, Dhyan Chand National Stadium and Siri Fort Sports Complex."}], ["Jantar Mantar yang terletak di Connaught Place dibina oleh Maharaja Jai Singh II dari Jaipur. Ia terdiri daripada 13 instrumen astronomi seni bina. Tujuan utama dari observatorium adalah untuk mengkompilasi jadual astronomi, dan untuk meramalkan masa dan pergerakan matahari, bulan dan planet. <> Siapa yang bertanggungjawab untuk membina Jantar Mantar? || Maharaja Jai Singh II dari Jaipur <> Di mana kawasan New Delhi adalah katedral Jantar Mantar terletak? || Connaught Place <> Jantar Mantar terdiri daripada berapa banyak instrumen astronomi seni bina? || 13 <> Apakah salah satu tujuan utama klinik Jantar Mantar? || mengumpul jadual astronomi <> Apa nama pemerhatian yang dibina di Connaught Place oleh Maharaja Jai Singh II dari Jaipur? || Jantar Mantar", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was responsible for constructing the Jantar Mantar?", "id": "5706a43e75f01819005e7cac", "answers": [{"text": "Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what area of New Delhi is the Jantar Mantar observatory located?", "id": "5706a43e75f01819005e7cad", "answers": [{"text": "Connaught Place", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Jantar Mantar consists of how many architectural astronomy instruments?", "id": "5706a43e75f01819005e7cae", "answers": [{"text": "13", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one of the primary purposes of the Jantar Mantar observatory?", "id": "5706a43e75f01819005e7caf", "answers": [{"text": "compile astronomical tables", "answer_start": 188}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the observatory built in Connaught Place by Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur?", "id": "5706a43e75f01819005e7cb0", "answers": [{"text": "Jantar Mantar", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Jantar Mantar located in Connaught Place was built by Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur. It consists of 13 architectural astronomy instruments. The primary purpose of the observatory was to compile astronomical tables, and to predict the times and movements of the sun, moon and planets."}], ["New Delhi adalah rumah kepada Muzium Memorial Indira Gandhi, Galeri Seni Moden Negara, Muzium Sejarah Semula Jadi Nasional, Muzium Keretapi Negara, Kraftangan Negara dan Muzium Handlooms, Muzium Filatel Negara, Planetarium Nehru, Muzium Anak Patung Antarabangsa Shankar. dan Mahkamah Agung India Museum. <> Apakah nama muzium berkaitan kereta api utama yang terletak di New Delhi? || Muzium Kereta Api Nasional <> Apakah nama museum bertemakan anak patung yang terletak di New Delhi? || Muzium Anak Patung Antarabangsa Shankar <> Mahkamah Agung India Muzium terletak di bandar utama apa? || New Delhi <> Apakah nama muzium seni moden yang terletak di Delhi baru? || Galeri Seni Moden Negara <> Muzium Philatelic Nasional terletak di mana bandar besar India? || New Delhi", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the major railroad related museum located in New Delhi?", "id": "5706a52352bb891400689b10", "answers": [{"text": "National Rail Museum", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the doll themed museum located in New Delhi?", "id": "5706a52352bb891400689b11", "answers": [{"text": "Shankar's International Dolls Museum", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Supreme Court of India Museum is located in what major city?", "id": "5706a52352bb891400689b12", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the modern art museum located in new Delhi?", "id": "5706a52352bb891400689b13", "answers": [{"text": "National Gallery of Modern Art", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The National Philatelic Museum is located in which large Indian city?", "id": "5706a52352bb891400689b14", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New Delhi is home to Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum, National Gallery of Modern Art, National Museum of Natural History, National Rail Museum, National Handicrafts and Handlooms Museum, National Philatelic Museum, Nehru Planetarium, Shankar's International Dolls Museum. and Supreme Court of India Museum."}], ["Laporan Kekayaan Dunia 2011 menguasai aktiviti ekonomi di New Delhi pada 39, tetapi secara keseluruhan modal itu berada pada kedudukan 37, di atas bandar-bandar seperti Jakarta dan Johannesburg. New Delhi dengan Beijing berkongsi kedudukan teratas sebagai destinasi runcit pasaran yang paling ditargetkan di kalangan pasaran Asia Pasifik. <> Menurut Laporan Kesihatan Dunia 2011, di manakah pangkat New Delhi dari segi kegiatan ekonomi? || 39 <> New Delhi berkongsi kedudukan sebagai destinasi runcit yang paling disasarkan di pasaran Asia Pasifik dengan apa bandar lain? || Beijing <> Apakah organisasi menduduki ke-39 dalam aktiviti ekonomi pada tahun 2011? || Laporan Kekayaan Dunia <> Bandar-bandar utama seperti Jakarta dan Johannesburg berada di bawah New Delhi dalam statistik utama apa? || aktiviti ekonomi <> Di mana tahun New Delhi menduduki tempat ke-39 dalam aktiviti ekonomi oleh Laporan Kekayaan Dunia? || 2011", {"qas": [{"question": "According to the 2011 World Health Report, where does New Delhi rank in terms of economic activity?", "id": "5706b0940eeca41400aa0d2b", "answers": [{"text": "39", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New Delhi shares the position as the most targeted retail destination in Asia-Pacific markets with what other city?", "id": "5706b0940eeca41400aa0d2c", "answers": [{"text": "Beijing", "answer_start": 173}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization ranked New Delhi 39th in economic activity in 2011?", "id": "5706b0940eeca41400aa0d2d", "answers": [{"text": "World Wealth Report", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Major cities like Jakarta and Johannesburg rank below New Delhi in what key statistic?", "id": "5706b0940eeca41400aa0d2e", "answers": [{"text": "economic activity", "answer_start": 35}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which year was New Delhi ranked 39th in economic activity by the World Wealth Report?", "id": "5706b0940eeca41400aa0d2f", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The 2011 World Wealth Report ranks economic activity in New Delhi at 39, but overall the capital is ranked at 37, above cities like Jakarta and Johannesburg. New Delhi with Beijing shares the top position as the most targeted emerging markets retail destination among Asia-Pacific markets."}], ["Bandar ini menganjurkan Sukan Komanwel 2010 dan setiap tahunnya menjadi tuan rumah perlumbaan kaki Half Marathon Delhi. Bandar ini sebelum ini menjadi tuan rumah Sukan Asia 1951 dan Sukan Asia 1982. New Delhi berminat untuk membida untuk Sukan Asia 2019 tetapi ditolak oleh kerajaan pada 2 Ogos 2010 di tengah-tengah tuduhan rasuah pada Sukan Komanwel 2010. <> New Delhi memainkan tuan rumah untuk pertandingan sukan utama pada tahun 2010? || Sukan Komanwel <> New Delhi yang pertama menganjurkan Sukan Asia pada tahun berapa? || 1951 <> Sukan Asia yang paling baru diadakan di New Delhi pada tahun berapa? || 1982 <> Bidaan New Delhi untuk Sukan Asia 2019 ditolak oleh kerajaan atas sebab apa? || tuduhan korupsi <> New Delhi adalah tuan rumah tahunan apa perlumbaan kaki? || Delhi Half Marathon", {"qas": [{"question": "New Delhi played host to what major athletic competition in 2010?", "id": "5706a71675f01819005e7cdc", "answers": [{"text": "Commonwealth Games", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New Delhi first hosted the Asian Games in what year?", "id": "5706a71675f01819005e7cdd", "answers": [{"text": "1951", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Asian Games were most recently held in New Delhi in what year?", "id": "5706a71675f01819005e7cde", "answers": [{"text": "1982", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New Delhi's bid for the 2019 Asian Games was turned down by the government for what reason?", "id": "5706a71675f01819005e7cdf", "answers": [{"text": "allegations of corruption", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New Delhi is the annual host of what foot-race?", "id": "5706a71675f01819005e7ce0", "answers": [{"text": "Delhi Half Marathon", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city hosted the 2010 Commonwealth Games and annually hosts Delhi Half Marathon foot-race. The city has previously hosted the 1951 Asian Games and the 1982 Asian Games. New Delhi was interested  in bidding for the 2019 Asian Games but was turned down by the government on 2 August 2010 amid allegations of corruption in 2010 Commonwealth Games ."}], ["Connaught Place, salah satu pusat perdagangan dan kewangan terbesar di Utara India, terletak di bahagian utara New Delhi. Kawasan bersebelahan seperti Barakhamba Road, ITO juga merupakan pusat komersial utama. Sektor kerajaan dan kuasi kerajaan adalah majikan utama di New Delhi. Sektor perkhidmatan bandar telah berkembang kerana sebagian besar tenaga kerja berbahasa Inggeris yang mahir yang telah menarik banyak syarikat multinasional. Industri perkhidmatan utama termasuk teknologi maklumat, telekomunikasi, hotel, perbankan, media dan pelancongan. <> Apakah nama daerah komersial dan kewangan yang besar yang terletak di bahagian utara New Delhi? || Connaught Place <> Sektor perkhidmatan New Delhi telah berkembang sebahagian besarnya disebabkan oleh pekerja mahir yang bercakap bahasa apa? || Bahasa Inggeris <> Apakah salah satu industri perkhidmatan utama di New Delhi? || teknologi maklumat <> Sebelum pengembangan sektor perkhidmatan, sektor apa majikan terbesar di New Delhi? || Kerajaan <> tenaga kerja berbahasa Inggeris yang mahir di New Delhi telah dapat menarik jenis organisasi ke bandar itu? || syarikat multinasional", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the large commercial and financial district located in the northern part of New Delhi?", "id": "5706af7575f01819005e7d34", "answers": [{"text": "Connaught Place", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New Delhi's service sector has expanded largely due to skilled workers that speak what language?", "id": "5706af7575f01819005e7d35", "answers": [{"text": "English", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one of the key service industries of New Delhi?", "id": "5706af7575f01819005e7d36", "answers": [{"text": "information technology", "answer_start": 463}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Prior to the expansion of the service sector, what sector was the largest employer in New Delhi?", "id": "5706af7575f01819005e7d37", "answers": [{"text": "Government", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The large skilled English-speaking workforce of New Delhi has been able to attract what type of organizations to the city?", "id": "5706af7575f01819005e7d38", "answers": [{"text": "multinational companies", "answer_start": 407}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Connaught Place, one of North India's largest commercial and financial centres, is located in the northern part of New Delhi. Adjoining areas such as Barakhamba Road, ITO are also major commercial centres. Government and quasi government sector was the primary employer in New Delhi. The city's service sector has expanded due in part to the large skilled English-speaking workforce that has attracted many multinational companies. Key service industries include information technology, telecommunications, hotels, banking, media and tourism."}], ["New Delhi adalah bandar komersial terbesar di utara India. Ia mempunyai Anggaran Pendapatan Domestik Negeri (FY 2010) berjumlah RM1595 bilion (AS $ 23 bilion) dalam terma nominal dan terma PPP sebanyak ~ $ 6800 bilion (AS $ 100 bilion). Sehingga 2013, pendapatan per kapita Delhi ialah Rs. 230000, tertinggi kedua di India selepas Goa. GSDP di Delhi pada harga semasa untuk 2012-13 dianggarkan pada Rs 3.88 trilion (skala pendek) terhadap Rs 3.11 trilion (skala pendek) pada 2011-12. <> Apakah anggaran Produk Domestik Negeri bersih New Delhi untuk tahun 2010? || \u20b9 1595 bilion <> Pendapatan per kapita di New Delhi adalah yang kedua hanya untuk perbandaran India? || Goa <> Apakah anggaran harga semasa 2012-13 untuk GSDP di Delhi? || Rs 3.88 trillion <> Apakah anggaran 2011-12 GSDP untuk Delhi? || Rs 3.11 trillion <> Apakah pendapatan per kapita Delhi pada tahun 2013? || Rs. 230000", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the estimated net State Domestic Product of New Delhi for 2010?", "id": "5706ac5452bb891400689b5c", "answers": [{"text": "\u20b91595 billion", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The per capita income of New Delhi was second only to what Indian municipality?", "id": "5706ac5452bb891400689b5d", "answers": [{"text": "Goa", "answer_start": 306}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the 2012-13 current price estimate for GSDP in Delhi?", "id": "5706ac5452bb891400689b5e", "answers": [{"text": "Rs 3.88 trillion", "answer_start": 375}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the 2011-12 GSDP estimate for Delhi?", "id": "5706ac5452bb891400689b5f", "answers": [{"text": "Rs 3.11 trillion", "answer_start": 414}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the per capita income of Delhi as of 2013?", "id": "5706ac5452bb891400689b60", "answers": [{"text": "Rs. 230000", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New Delhi is the largest commercial city in northern India. It has an estimated net State Domestic Product (FY 2010) of \u20b91595 billion (US$23 billion) in nominal terms and ~\u20b96800 billion (US$100 billion) in PPP terms. As of 2013, the per capita income of Delhi was Rs. 230000, second highest in India after Goa. GSDP in Delhi at the current prices for 2012-13 is estimated at Rs 3.88 trillion (short scale) against Rs 3.11 trillion (short scale) in 2011-12."}], ["Kerajaan Wilayah Ibu Negara Negara Delhi tidak melepaskan angka ekonomi khusus untuk New Delhi tetapi menerbitkan laporan ekonomi rasmi di seluruh Delhi setiap tahun. Mengikut Kajian Ekonomi Delhi, metropolis itu mempunyai Produk Domestik Negeri (RRP) bersih Rs. 83,085 crores (untuk tahun 2004-05) dan pendapatan per kapita Rs. 53,976 ($ 1,200). Pada tahun 2008-09 New Delhi mempunyai Pendapatan Per Kapita sebanyak Rs.1,16,886 ($ 2,595). Ia meningkat sebanyak 16.2% untuk mencapai Rs.1,35,814 ($ 3,018) pada 2009-10 fiskal. KDNK Per kapita di New Delhi (pada PPP) berada pada $ 6,860 semasa fiskal 2009-10, menjadikannya salah satu bandar terkaya di India. Sektor tertiari menyumbangkan 78.4% daripada SDP kasar Delhi yang diikuti oleh sektor menengah dan primer dengan sumbangan masing-masing sebanyak 20.2% dan 1.4%. <> Apakah badan kerajaan bertanggungjawab untuk melepaskan laporan ekonomi rasmi tahunan untuk Delhi? || Kerajaan Wilayah Ibu Kota Nasional Delhi <> Apakah Produk Domestik Negeri 2004-05 di Delhi? || 83,085 crores <> Apa pendapatan per kapita 2008-09 di New Delhi? || Rs.1,16,886 <> Apakah KDNK per kapita New Delhi dalam dolar untuk 2009-10? || $ 6,860 <> Pendapatan Per Capita New Delhi meningkat dengan apa peratusan pada tahun 2009-10? || 16.2%", {"qas": [{"question": "What government body is responsible for releasing the annual official economic report for Delhi?", "id": "5706b1da0eeca41400aa0d49", "answers": [{"text": "The Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the 2004-05 State Domestic Product of Delhi?", "id": "5706b1da0eeca41400aa0d4a", "answers": [{"text": "83,085 crores", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the 2008-09 Per Capita income of New Delhi?", "id": "5706b1da0eeca41400aa0d4b", "answers": [{"text": "Rs.1,16,886", "answer_start": 438}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was New Delhi's Per Capita GDP in dollars for 2009-10?", "id": "5706b1da0eeca41400aa0d4c", "answers": [{"text": "$6,860", "answer_start": 568}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New Delhi's Per Capita income grew by what percentage in 2009-10?", "id": "5706b1da0eeca41400aa0d4d", "answers": [{"text": "16.2%", "answer_start": 470}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi does not release any economic figures specifically for New Delhi but publishes an official economic report on the whole of Delhi annually. According to the Economic Survey of Delhi, the metropolis has a net State Domestic Product (SDP) of Rs. 83,085 crores (for the year 2004\u201305) and a per capita income of Rs. 53,976($1,200). In the year 2008\u201309 New Delhi had a Per Capita Income of Rs.1,16,886 ($2,595).It grew by 16.2% to reach Rs.1,35,814 ($3,018) in 2009\u201310 fiscal. New Delhi's Per Capita GDP (at PPP) was at $6,860 during 2009\u201310 fiscal, making it one of the richest cities in India. The tertiary sector contributes 78.4% of Delhi's gross SDP followed by secondary and primary sectors with 20.2% and 1.4% contribution respectively."}], ["New Delhi sangat terkenal dengan taman-taman indah yang indah yang boleh kelihatan cantik pada musim bunga. Yang terbesar adalah Taman Buddha Jayanti dan Lodi Gardens yang bersejarah. Di samping itu terdapat taman-taman di Estet Presiden, taman-taman di sepanjang Rajpath dan India Gate, taman-taman di sepanjang Shanti Path, Rose Garden, Taman Nehru dan Garden Railway di Chanakya Puri. Juga ambil perhatian bahawa taman bersebelahan dengan Stesen Metro Jangpura berhampiran Pertahanan Colony Flyover, seperti taman bulatan dan kejiranan di seluruh bandar. <> Taman Buddha Jayanti terletak di mana bandar India? || New Delhi <> Taman New Delhi yang terkenal terletak bersebelahan dengan stesen metro apa? || Stesen Metro Jangpura <> Taman-taman New Delhi sangat menakjubkan di mana musim? || musim bunga <> New Delhi terkenal dengan apa ciri indah landskap? || taman <> Apa nama salah satu taman terbesar di Delhi baru? || Taman Buddha Jayanti", {"qas": [{"question": "The Buddha Jayanti Park is located in which Indian city?", "id": "5706a64f75f01819005e7cd2", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "A notable New Delhi garden is located adjacent to what metro station?", "id": "5706a64f75f01819005e7cd3", "answers": [{"text": "Jangpura Metro Station", "answer_start": 446}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The gardens of New Delhi are particularly stunning in which season?", "id": "5706a64f75f01819005e7cd4", "answers": [{"text": "spring", "answer_start": 106}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "New Delhi is well known for what type of beautifully landscaped feature?", "id": "5706a64f75f01819005e7cd5", "answers": [{"text": "gardens", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of one of the largest gardens in new Delhi?", "id": "5706a64f75f01819005e7cd6", "answers": [{"text": "Buddha Jayanti Park", "answer_start": 143}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "New Delhi is particularly renowned for its beautifully landscaped gardens that can look quite stunning in spring. The largest of these include Buddha Jayanti Park and the historic Lodi Gardens. In addition, there are the gardens in the Presidential Estate, the gardens along the Rajpath and India Gate, the gardens along Shanti Path, the Rose Garden, Nehru Park and the Railway Garden in Chanakya Puri. Also of note is the garden adjacent to the Jangpura Metro Station near the Defence Colony Flyover, as are the roundabout and neighbourhood gardens throughout the city."}], ["Produk domestik negara kasar (GSDP) Delhi pada harga semasa bagi tahun 2011-12 telah dianggarkan pada Rs 3.13 lakh crore, iaitu peningkatan 18.7 peratus berbanding fiskal sebelumnya. <> Apakah produk domestik negara kasar Delhi untuk 2011-12? || Rs 3.13 lakh crore <> GSDP Delhi meningkat dengan apa peratusan berbanding tahun sebelumnya pada 2011-12? || 18.7 <> Di mana tahun fiskal adalah GSDP Delhi dianggarkan pada Rs 3.13 lakh crore? || 2011-12 <> Adakah GSDP Delhi pada tahun 2011-12 meningkat atau berkurangan daripada tahun fiskal sebelumnya? || meningkat", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the gross state domestic product of Delhi for 2011-12?", "id": "5706b3e90eeca41400aa0d53", "answers": [{"text": "Rs 3.13 lakh crore", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The GSDP of Delhi increased by what percentage over the previous year in 2011-12?", "id": "5706b3e90eeca41400aa0d54", "answers": [{"text": "18.7", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In which fiscal year was the GSDP of Delhi estimated at Rs 3.13 lakh crore?", "id": "5706b3e90eeca41400aa0d55", "answers": [{"text": "2011-12", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Did the GSDP of Delhi in 2011-12 increase or decrease from the previous fiscal year?", "id": "5706b3e90eeca41400aa0d56", "answers": [{"text": "increase", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The gross state domestic product (GSDP) of Delhi at current prices for the year 2011-12 has been estimated at Rs 3.13 lakh crore, which is an increase of 18.7 per cent over the previous fiscal."}], ["Bandar ini adalah rumah kepada banyak pertubuhan antarabangsa. Pusat Asia dan Pasifik untuk Pemindahan Teknologi UNESCAP yang melayani rantau Asia Pasifik beribu pejabat di New Delhi. New Delhi adalah rumah kepada kebanyakan pejabat serantau PBB di India iaitu UNDP, UNODC, UNESCO, UNICEF, WFP, UNV, UNCTAD, FAO, UNFPA, WHO, Bank Dunia, ILO, IMF, UNIFEM, IFC dan UNAIDS. <> Di bandar apakah Pusat Pemindahan Teknologi Asia dan Pasifik terletak? || New Delhi <> Apa bandar utama adalah rumah bagi kebanyakan pejabat PBB serantau di India? || New Delhi <> Apakah satu pejabat PBB serantau yang terletak di New Delhi? || UNDP <> Pejabat serantau Bank Dunia di India terletak di bandar apa? || New Delhi <> Pejabat-pejabat serantau IMF, UNICEF, dan UNESCO semuanya terletak di bandar utama India? || New Delhi", {"qas": [{"question": "In what city is the Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology located?", "id": "5706b6aa2eaba6190074ac60", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What major city is home to most regional UN offices in India?", "id": "5706b6aa2eaba6190074ac61", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one regional UN office located in New Delhi?", "id": "5706b6aa2eaba6190074ac62", "answers": [{"text": "UNDP", "answer_start": 260}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The regional office of the World Bank in India is located in what city?", "id": "5706b6aa2eaba6190074ac63", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The regional offices of the IMF, UNICEF, and UNESCO are all located in what major Indian city?", "id": "5706b6aa2eaba6190074ac64", "answers": [{"text": "New Delhi", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city is home to numerous international organisations. The Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology of the UNESCAP servicing the Asia-Pacific region is headquartered in New Delhi. New Delhi is home to most UN regional offices in India namely the UNDP, UNODC, UNESCO, UNICEF, WFP, UNV, UNCTAD, FAO, UNFPA, WHO, World Bank, ILO, IMF, UNIFEM, IFC and UNAIDS."}]], [["Masa penghijrahan seolah-olah dikawal terutamanya oleh perubahan dalam panjang hari. Memindah burung menavigasi menggunakan isyarat langit dari matahari dan bintang, medan magnet bumi, dan mungkin juga peta mental. <> Apa yang menyebabkan masa penghijrahan? || perubahan dalam panjang hari <> Bagaimana cara bermigrasi burung menavigasi? || isyarat langit dari matahari dan bintang <Bagaimana lagi burung yang berhijrah menavigasi? || medan magnet bumi <> Apa yang boleh membantu menavigasi burung? || peta mental", {"qas": [{"question": "What causes the timing of migration?", "id": "5705ea4175f01819005e7752", "answers": [{"text": "changes in day length", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do migrating birds navigate?", "id": "5705ea4175f01819005e7753", "answers": [{"text": "celestial cues from the sun and stars", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How else to migrating birds navigate?", "id": "5705ea4175f01819005e7754", "answers": [{"text": "the earth's magnetic field", "answer_start": 153}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What might help migrating birds navigate?", "id": "5705ea4175f01819005e7755", "answers": [{"text": "mental maps", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The timing of migration seems to be controlled primarily by changes in day length. Migrating birds navigate using celestial cues from the sun and stars, the earth's magnetic field, and probably also mental maps."}], ["Bewick kemudian menerangkan satu eksperimen yang berjaya menelan burung hidup di Britain selama beberapa tahun, di mana mereka tetap hangat dan kering melalui musim sejuk. Dia menyimpulkan: <> Siapa yang menggambarkan eksperimen dengan menelan? || Bewick <> Di manakah percubaan ini berlaku? || Britain <> Bagaimana percubaan berjaya? || mereka tetap hangat dan kering sepanjang musim sejuk <> Berapa lama burung tetap hidup? || beberapa tahun", {"qas": [{"question": "Who describes an experiment with swallows?", "id": "5705f3a375f01819005e77c2", "answers": [{"text": "Bewick", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did this experiment take place?", "id": "5705f3a375f01819005e77c3", "answers": [{"text": "Britain", "answer_start": 81}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How did the experiment succeed?", "id": "5705f3a375f01819005e77c4", "answers": [{"text": "they remained warm and dry through the winters", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did the birds stay alive?", "id": "5705f3a375f01819005e77c5", "answers": [{"text": "several years", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bewick then describes an experiment which succeeded in keeping swallows alive in Britain for several years, where they remained warm and dry through the winters. He concludes:"}], ["Aristotle menyatakan bahawa kren-kren mengembara dari padang rumput Scythia untuk memelihara perairan Sungai Nil. Pliny the Elder, dalam Historia Naturalis, mengulangi pemerhatian Aristotle. <> Siapa menyatakan bahawa kren mengembara dari Scythia ke Sungai Nil? || Aristotle <> yang mengulangi pemerhatian Aristotle? || Pliny the Elder <> Di mana Pliny the Elder mengulangi pemerhatian Aristotle? || dalam sejarahnya Naturalis <> Apa jenis burung yang ditulis oleh Aristotle dan Pliny the Elder? || kren", {"qas": [{"question": "Who noted that cranes traveled from Scythia to the Nile?", "id": "5705ef1452bb8914006896e8", "answers": [{"text": "Aristotle", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who repeats Aristotle's observations?", "id": "5705ef1452bb8914006896e9", "answers": [{"text": "Pliny the Elder", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did Pliny the Elder repeat Aristotle's observations?", "id": "5705ef1452bb8914006896ea", "answers": [{"text": "in his Historia Naturalis", "answer_start": 124}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of bird did Aristotle and Pliny the Elder write about?", "id": "5705ef1452bb8914006896eb", "answers": [{"text": "cranes", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations."}], ["Tidak sampai penghujung abad kelapan belas bahawa penghijrahan sebagai penjelasan untuk penghilangan musim sejuk burung dari kawasan utara diterima. Sejarah Bewick Thomas Bewick dari British Birds (Jilid 1, 1797) menyebut laporan dari \"tuan yang sangat bijak kapal\" yang, \"di antara pulau-pulau Minorca dan Majorca, menyaksikan banyak Swallow terbang ke utara\", dan menyatakan situasi di Britain seperti berikut: <> Bilakah penghijrahan akhirnya diterima? || akhir abad kelapan belas <> Siapa yang menulis Sejarah Burung British? || Thomas Bewick <> Tahun apa buku Thomas Bewick diterbitkan? || 1797 <> Di manakah Swallow melihat terbang? || antara pulau-pulau Minorca dan Majorca <> Arah yang manakah terbang Swallow? || ke utara", {"qas": [{"question": "When was migration finally accepted?", "id": "5705f31c52bb89140068970e", "answers": [{"text": "the end of the eighteenth century", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote A History of British Birds?", "id": "5705f31c52bb89140068970f", "answers": [{"text": "Thomas Bewick", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Thomas Bewick's book published?", "id": "5705f31c52bb891400689710", "answers": [{"text": "1797", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were Swallows seen flying?", "id": "5705f31c52bb891400689711", "answers": [{"text": "between the islands of Minorca and Majorca", "answer_start": 286}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which directions were the Swallows flying?", "id": "5705f31c52bb891400689712", "answers": [{"text": "northward", "answer_start": 367}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It was not until the end of the eighteenth century that migration as an explanation for the winter disappearance of birds from northern climes was accepted. Thomas Bewick's A History of British Birds (Volume 1, 1797) mentions a report from \"a very intelligent master of a vessel\" who, \"between the islands of Minorca and Majorca, saw great numbers of Swallows flying northward\", and states the situation in Britain as follows:"}], ["Rekod penghijrahan burung dibuat sebanyak 3,000 tahun yang lalu oleh penulis-penulis Yunani Kuno Hesiod, Homer, Herodotus dan Aristotle. Alkitab juga menyatakan migrasi, seperti dalam kitab Ayub (39:26), di mana siasatan dibuat: \"Adakah oleh wawasan anda bahawa burung elang terbang, merebak sayap ke arah selatan?\" Penulis Yeremia (8: 7) menulis: \"Bahkan bangsal di langit mengetahui musimnya, dan burung merpati, cepat dan kren menjaga waktu ketibaan mereka.\" <> Siapa yang mencatatkan rekod penghijrahan awal? || Penulis-penulis Yunani Kuno <> Di manakah dalam Alkitab yang disebutkan migrasi? || Kitab Pekerjaan (39:26) <> Apa burung yang disebutkan dalam kitab Ayub? || elang", {"qas": [{"question": "Who recorded early records of migration?", "id": "5705eb3152bb89140068969d", "answers": [{"text": "Ancient Greek writers", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where in the bible does it mention migration?", "id": "5705eb3152bb89140068969e", "answers": [{"text": "the Book of Job (39:26)", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What bird is mentioned in the book of Job?", "id": "5705eb3152bb89140068969f", "answers": [{"text": "hawk", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Records of bird migration were made as much as 3,000 years ago by the Ancient Greek writers Hesiod, Homer, Herodotus and Aristotle. The Bible also notes migrations, as in the Book of Job (39:26), where the inquiry is made: \"Is it by your insight that the hawk hovers, spreads its wings southward?\" The author of Jeremiah (8:7) wrote: \"Even the stork in the heavens knows its seasons, and the turtle dove, the swift and the crane keep the time of their arrival.\""}], ["Penghijrahan burung adalah pergerakan musiman biasa, sering di utara dan selatan di sepanjang jalan raya, antara tempat pembiakan dan musim sejuk. Banyak spesies burung berhijrah. Migrasi membawa kos yang tinggi dalam pemusnahan dan kematian, termasuk dari perburuan oleh manusia, dan didorong terutamanya oleh ketersediaan makanan. Ia berlaku terutamanya di hemisfera utara, di mana burung disalurkan ke laluan tertentu oleh halangan semulajadi seperti Laut Mediterranean atau Laut Caribbean. <> Di manakah penghijrahan berlaku? || hemisfera utara <> Mengapa burung terutamanya berhijrah? || ketersediaan makanan <> Burung mana yang berhijrah? || Banyak spesies <> Apakah migrasi burung? || pergerakan musiman biasa, sering di utara dan selatan di sepanjang jalan raya, antara tempat pembiakan dan musim sejuk <> Apakah punca kematian kepada burung semasa migrasi? || manusia", {"qas": [{"question": "Where does migration mainly occur?", "id": "5705e78f75f01819005e7734", "answers": [{"text": "the northern hemisphere", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why do birds primarily migrate?", "id": "5705e78f75f01819005e7735", "answers": [{"text": "availability of food", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which birds migrate?", "id": "5705e78f75f01819005e7736", "answers": [{"text": "Many species", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is bird migration?", "id": "5705e78f75f01819005e7737", "answers": [{"text": "the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a cause of death to birds during migration?", "id": "5705e78f75f01819005e7738", "answers": [{"text": "humans", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea."}], ["Ternika Arktik memegang catatan penghijrahan jarak jauh untuk burung, perjalanan antara tanah pembiakan Artik dan Antartika setiap tahun. Sesetengah spesies tabenoses (Procellariiformes) seperti albatrosse mengelilingi bumi, terbang di atas lautan selatan, sementara yang lain seperti Manx shearwaters berhijrah 14,000 km (8,700 mi) di antara kawasan pembiakan utara mereka dan lautan selatan. Perpindahan lebih pendek adalah perkara biasa, termasuk migrasi ketinggian di pergunungan seperti Andes dan Himalaya. <> Burung manakah yang berhijrah paling jauh? || Terikan Arktik <> Di mana ternak Arktik berhijrah setiap tahun? || antara kawasan pembiakan Artik dan Antartika <> yang burung berhijrah dengan mengelilingi bumi? || albatrosses <> Di manakah pergerakan heliks Manx? || antara kawasan pembiakan utara dan lautan selatan <> Apa contoh penghijrahan yang lebih pendek? || penghijrahan ketinggian di pergunungan seperti Andes dan Himalaya", {"qas": [{"question": "Which birds migrate the furthest?", "id": "5705e9bf52bb891400689692", "answers": [{"text": "The Arctic tern", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the Arctic tern migrate each year?", "id": "5705e9bf52bb891400689693", "answers": [{"text": "between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "which bird migrates by circling the earth?", "id": "5705e9bf52bb891400689694", "answers": [{"text": "albatrosses", "answer_start": 194}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do Manx shearwaters migrate?", "id": "5705e9bf52bb891400689695", "answers": [{"text": "between their northern breeding grounds and the southern ocean", "answer_start": 324}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is an example of a shorter migration?", "id": "5705e9bf52bb891400689696", "answers": [{"text": "altitudinal migrations on mountains such as the Andes and Himalayas", "answer_start": 429}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Arctic tern holds the long-distance migration record for birds, travelling between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic each year. Some species of tubenoses (Procellariiformes) such as albatrosses circle the earth, flying over the southern oceans, while others such as Manx shearwaters migrate 14,000 km (8,700 mi) between their northern breeding grounds and the southern ocean. Shorter migrations are common, including altitudinal migrations on mountains such as the Andes and Himalayas."}], ["Migrasi adalah pergerakan bermusim biasa, sering di utara dan selatan, yang dijalankan oleh banyak spesies burung. Pergerakan burung termasuk yang dibuat sebagai tindak balas terhadap perubahan ketersediaan makanan, habitat, atau cuaca. Kadang-kadang, perjalanan tidak disebut \"penghijrahan sejati\" kerana mereka tidak teratur (nomadisme, pencerobohan, gangguan) atau hanya satu arah (penyebaran, pergerakan anak muda dari kawasan natal). Migrasi ditandakan dengan bermusim tahunan. Burung bukan migrasi dikatakan sebagai penduduk atau tidak aktif. Kira-kira 1800 dari 10,000 spesies burung di dunia adalah migran jarak jauh. <> Mengapa burung berhijrah? || tindak balas terhadap perubahan ketersediaan makanan, habitat, atau cuaca <> Apa yang tidak dipanggil burung = migrasi? || penduduk atau tidak aktif <> Berapa banyak spesies burung di sana? || 10,000 <> Berapa banyak spesies burung adalah pendatang jarak jauh? || 1800 <> Arah manakah burung yang paling berhijrah? || utara dan selatan", {"qas": [{"question": "Why do birds migrate?", "id": "5705f53452bb891400689736", "answers": [{"text": "response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are non=migratory birds called?", "id": "5705f53452bb891400689737", "answers": [{"text": "resident or sedentary", "answer_start": 477}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many species of birds are there?", "id": "5705f53452bb891400689738", "answers": [{"text": "10,000", "answer_start": 534}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many bird species are long distance migrants?", "id": "5705f53452bb891400689739", "answers": [{"text": "1800", "answer_start": 514}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which direction do birds primarily migrate?", "id": "5705f53452bb89140068973a", "answers": [{"text": "north and south", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south, undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather. Sometimes, journeys are not termed \"true migration\" because they are irregular (nomadism, invasions, irruptions) or in only one direction (dispersal, movement of young away from natal area). Migration is marked by its annual seasonality. Non-migratory birds are said to be resident or sedentary. Approximately 1800 of the world's 10,000 bird species are long-distance migrants."}], ["Walau bagaimanapun, Aristotle menyarankan bahawa burung menelan dan burung lain hibernated. Kepercayaan ini berterusan sehingga 1878, ketika Elliott Coues menyenaraikan tajuk tidak kurang dari 182 kertas kerja yang berhubungan dengan hibernasi menelan. Walaupun \"sangat berhati-hati\" Gilbert White, dalam tulisannya yang diterbitkan 1789 Sejarah Alam Selborne, memetik cerita seorang lelaki tentang burung menelan yang ditemui dalam keruntuhan kapur \"ketika dia seorang pelajar sekolah di Brighthelmstone\", walaupun lelaki itu menafikan menjadi saksi . Walau bagaimanapun, beliau juga menulis bahawa \"untuk menelan yang ditemui dalam keadaan torpid semasa musim sejuk di Isle of Wight atau mana-mana bahagian negara ini, saya tidak pernah mendengar apa-apa akaun sedemikian bernilai menghadiri\", dan bahawa jika awal menelan \"berlaku kepada mencari fros dan salji mereka segera menarik diri untuk satu masa-satu keadaan yang lebih memihak kepada bersembunyi daripada penghijrahan \", kerana dia meragui mereka akan\" kembali seminggu atau dua ke latitud panas \". <> Burung apa yang Aristotle percaya hibernasi? || menelan <> Sehingga tahun berapa kepercayaan burung hibernasi bertahan? || 1878 <> Siapa yang menulis 182 kertas yang berkaitan dengan hibernasi burung menelan? || Elliott Coues <> Siapa yang menulis \"Sejarah Alam Selborne\"? || Gilbert White", {"qas": [{"question": "Which bird did Aristotle believe hibernated?", "id": "5705f22952bb891400689700", "answers": [{"text": "swallows", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Until what year did the belief of hibernating birds persist?", "id": "5705f22952bb891400689701", "answers": [{"text": "1878", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows?", "id": "5705f22952bb891400689702", "answers": [{"text": "Elliott Coues", "answer_start": 114}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who wrote \"The Natural History of Selborne\"?", "id": "5705f22952bb891400689703", "answers": [{"text": "Gilbert White", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Aristotle however suggested that swallows and other birds hibernated. This belief persisted as late as 1878, when Elliott Coues listed the titles of no less than 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows. Even the \"highly observant\" Gilbert White, in his posthumously published 1789 The Natural History of Selborne, quoted a man's story about swallows being found in a chalk cliff collapse \"while he was a schoolboy at Brighthelmstone\", though the man denied being an eyewitness. However, he also writes that \"as to swallows being found in a torpid state during the winter in the Isle of Wight or any part of this country, I never heard any such account worth attending to\", and that if early swallows \"happen to find frost and snow they immediately withdraw for a time\u2014a circumstance this much more in favour of hiding than migration\", since he doubts they would \"return for a week or two to warmer latitudes\"."}], ["Secara sejarah, penghijrahan telah direkodkan sebanyak 3,000 tahun yang lalu oleh penulis Yunani Kuno termasuk Homer dan Aristotle, dan dalam Buku Kerja, untuk spesies seperti bangau, merpati, dan menelan. Baru-baru ini, Johannes Leche memulakan rakaman tarikh ketibaan pendatang musim bunga di Finland pada tahun 1749, dan kajian saintifik telah menggunakan teknik termasuk dering burung dan pengesanan satelit. Ancaman kepada burung-burung migrasi telah berkembang dengan kemusnahan habitat terutamanya tempat persinggahan dan musim sejuk, serta struktur seperti saluran kuasa dan ladang angin. <> Bilakah penghijrahan pertama direkodkan? || 3,000 tahun yang lalu <> Siapa yang mencatatkan rekod migrasi terawal? || Homer dan Aristotle, dan dalam Buku Kerja <> Di mana Johannes Leche dari? || Finland <> Burung spesies mana yang telah direkod 3,000 tahun yang lalu? || bangsawan, merpati, dan menelan <> Apa ancaman utama burung-burung migrasi? || kemusnahan habitat", {"qas": [{"question": "When was migration first recorded?", "id": "5705e90375f01819005e7748", "answers": [{"text": "3,000 years ago", "answer_start": 53}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who recorded the earliest records of migration?", "id": "5705e90375f01819005e7749", "answers": [{"text": "Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was Johannes Leche from?", "id": "5705e90375f01819005e774a", "answers": [{"text": "Finland", "answer_start": 291}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which species of birds were recorded 3,000 years ago?", "id": "5705e90375f01819005e774b", "answers": [{"text": "storks, turtle doves, and swallows", "answer_start": 169}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a major threat to migratory birds?", "id": "5705e90375f01819005e774c", "answers": [{"text": "habitat destruction", "answer_start": 442}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Historically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms."}], ["Di dalam populasi, ia adalah perkara biasa untuk umur dan / atau jantina yang berbeza untuk mempunyai corak masa dan jarak yang berlainan. Chaffinches wanita Fringilla coelebs di Timur Fennoscandia berhijrah awal pada musim gugur daripada lelaki lakukan. <> Yang sex of the chaffinches Fringilla coelebs bermigrasi lebih awal? || Wanita <> Di mana chaffinches Fringilla coelebs dari? || Timur Fennoscandia <> Bilakah chaffinches Fringilla coelebs berhijrah? || musim luruh", {"qas": [{"question": "Which sex of the chaffinches Fringilla coelebs migrate earlier?", "id": "5705fae575f01819005e7816", "answers": [{"text": "Female", "answer_start": 117}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are chaffinches Fringilla coelebs from?", "id": "5705fae575f01819005e7817", "answers": [{"text": "Eastern Fennoscandia", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When do the chaffinches Fringilla coelebs migrate?", "id": "5705fae575f01819005e7818", "answers": [{"text": "autumn", "answer_start": 201}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Within a population, it is common for different ages and/or sexes to have different patterns of timing and distance. Female chaffinches Fringilla coelebs in Eastern Fennoscandia migrate earlier in the autumn than males do."}], ["Banyak populasi burung berhijrah jarak jauh di sepanjang jalan raya. Corak paling umum melibatkan terbang ke utara pada musim bunga untuk membiak di musim panas atau musim panas Arctic dan kembali pada musim luruh ke musim sejuk di kawasan panas di selatan. Sudah tentu, di hemisfera selatan arahan itu dibalikkan, tetapi terdapat kawasan tanah yang kurang di selatan untuk menyokong penghijrahan jarak jauh. <> Di mana banyak burung bermigrasi? || flyway <> Apakah pola migrasi yang paling biasa pada musim bunga? || terbang ke utara <> Apakah migrasi arah yang paling biasa di musim luruh? || selatan <> Mengapa burung-burung terbang ke utara? || untuk membiak", {"qas": [{"question": "Along where do many birds migrate?", "id": "5705f69d75f01819005e77ca", "answers": [{"text": "a flyway", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the most common pattern of migration in the spring?", "id": "5705f69d75f01819005e77cb", "answers": [{"text": "flying north", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the most common directionof migration in autumn?", "id": "5705f69d75f01819005e77cc", "answers": [{"text": "south", "answer_start": 238}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why do the birds fly north?", "id": "5705f69d75f01819005e77cd", "answers": [{"text": "to breed", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many bird populations migrate long distances along a flyway. The most common pattern involves flying north in the spring to breed in the temperate or Arctic summer and returning in the autumn to wintering grounds in warmer regions to the south. Of course, in the southern hemisphere the directions are reversed, but there is less land area in the far south to support long-distance migration."}], ["Penghijrahan burung tidak terhad kepada burung yang boleh terbang. Kebanyakan spesies penguin (Spheniscidae) berhijrah dengan berenang. Laluan ini boleh meliputi lebih dari 1,000 km (620 mi). Dusky Grouse Dendragapus obscurus melakukan penghijrahan altitudinal kebanyakannya dengan berjalan. Emus Dromaius novaehollandiae di Australia telah diperhatikan menjalankan gerakan jarak jauh dengan berjalan kaki semasa musim kemarau. <> Bagaimana penguin berhijrah? || dengan berenang <> Berapa jauh penguin mengembara ketika mereka berhijrah? || Lebih 1,000 km <> Bagaimana cara menghancurkan Dusky? || kebanyakannya dengan berjalan <> Bagaimana Emus berhijrah jarak jauh semasa kekeringan? || dengan kaki <> Di manakah Emus dari? || Australia", {"qas": [{"question": "How do penguins migrate?", "id": "5706021475f01819005e7864", "answers": [{"text": "by swimming", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How far do penguins travel when they migrate?", "id": "5706021475f01819005e7865", "answers": [{"text": "over 1,000 km", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do Dusky grouse migrate?", "id": "5706021475f01819005e7866", "answers": [{"text": "mostly by walking", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do Emus migrate long distances during droughts?", "id": "5706021475f01819005e7867", "answers": [{"text": "on foot", "answer_start": 342}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where are Emus from?", "id": "5706021475f01819005e7868", "answers": [{"text": "Australia", "answer_start": 276}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bird migration is not limited to birds that can fly. Most species of penguin (Spheniscidae) migrate by swimming. These routes can cover over 1,000 km (620 mi). Dusky grouse Dendragapus obscurus perform altitudinal migration mostly by walking. Emus Dromaius novaehollandiae in Australia have been observed to undertake long-distance movements on foot during droughts."}], ["Ramai, jika tidak banyak, burung berhijrah ke kawanan. Untuk burung yang lebih besar, terbang di kawanan menurunkan kos tenaga. Geese dalam formasi V dapat memelihara 12-20% tenaga yang mereka perlukan untuk terbang sendiri. Knot merah Calidris canutus dan lunas Calidris alpina ditemui dalam kajian radar untuk terbang 5 km / j (3.1 mph) lebih cepat di kawanan daripada ketika mereka terbang bersendirian. <> Bagaimana kebanyakan burung berhijrah? || dalam kawanan <> Berapa banyak tenaga yang memelihara angsa terbang dalam kawanan? || 12-20% <> Berapa lebih cepat melakukan Knot merah dan kincir angin terbang dalam kawanan? || 3.1 mph <> Bagaimana burung memelihara tenaga? || pembentukan V <> Apa yang terbang dalam kawanan dikurangkan? || kos tenaga", {"qas": [{"question": "How do most birds migrate?", "id": "5705fc5b75f01819005e7830", "answers": [{"text": "in flocks", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much energy do geese conserve flying in a flock?", "id": "5705fc5b75f01819005e7831", "answers": [{"text": "12\u201320%", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much faster do Red knots and dunlins fly in a flock?", "id": "5705fc5b75f01819005e7832", "answers": [{"text": "3.1 mph", "answer_start": 289}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do birds conserve energy?", "id": "5705fc5b75f01819005e7833", "answers": [{"text": "a V-formation", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does flying in flocks reduce?", "id": "5705fc5b75f01819005e7834", "answers": [{"text": "energy cost", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12\u201320% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than when they were flying alone."}], ["Motivasi utama penghijrahan adalah makanan; Sebagai contoh, beberapa seekor burung hantu memilih untuk tidak berhijrah jika diberi makan sepanjang musim sejuk. Juga, hari yang lebih lama di musim panas di utara memberikan masa yang panjang untuk burung pembiakan untuk memberi makan kepada anak-anak mereka. Ini membantu burung diurnal untuk menghasilkan cengkerang yang lebih besar daripada spesies bukan migrasi berkaitan yang kekal di kawasan tropika. Ketika hari-hari semakin pendek pada musim luruh, burung-burung kembali ke kawasan-kawasan yang lebih panas di mana bekalan makanan yang ada bervariasi sedikit dengan musim ini. <> Apakah motivasi utama untuk penghijrahan? || makanan <> Burung mana yang tidak akan berhijrah jika mereka diberi makan dengan baik sepanjang musim sejuk? || Kolibri <> Bilakah burung kembali ke kawasan yang lebih hangat? || musim luruh <> apa yang lebih lama musim panas memberikan burung? || masa untuk pembiakan burung untuk memberi makan kepada anak-anak mereka. <> Apa yang dihasilkan oleh burung diurnal berbanding dengan spesies bukan migrasi? || cengkeraman yang lebih besar", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the primary motivation for migration?", "id": "5705f85275f01819005e77e6", "answers": [{"text": "food", "answer_start": 51}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which birds will not migrate if they are well fed through winter?", "id": "5705f85275f01819005e77e7", "answers": [{"text": "hummingbirds", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When do the birds return to warmer regions?", "id": "5705f85275f01819005e77e8", "answers": [{"text": "autumn", "answer_start": 382}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "what do the longer days of summer provide the birds?", "id": "5705f85275f01819005e77e9", "answers": [{"text": "time for breeding birds to feed their young.", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do diurnal birds produce as opposed to non migratory species?", "id": "5705f85275f01819005e77ea", "answers": [{"text": "larger clutches", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The primary motivation for migration appears to be food; for example, some hummingbirds choose not to migrate if fed through the winter. Also, the longer days of the northern summer provide extended time for breeding birds to feed their young. This helps diurnal birds to produce larger clutches than related non-migratory species that remain in the tropics. As the days shorten in autumn, the birds return to warmer regions where the available food supply varies little with the season."}], ["Burung terbang pada ketinggian yang berbeza-beza semasa penghijrahan. Ekspedisi ke Mt. Everest menemui rangka pintail utara Anas acuta dan godaan ekor hitam Limosa limosa pada 5,000 m (16,000 kaki) di Glasier Khumbu. Anser indicus geese yang berkepala bar telah direkodkan oleh GPS yang terbang sehingga 6,540 meter (21,460 kaki) semasa menyeberangi Himalaya, pada masa yang sama melibatkan kadar tertinggi naik ke ketinggian bagi mana-mana burung. Laporan anekdotal mereka yang terbang jauh lebih tinggi masih belum dapat disahkan dengan sebarang bukti langsung. Burung burung laut terbang rendah di atas air tetapi mendapat ketinggian apabila menyeberangi tanah, dan corak terbalik dilihat di tanjung burung. Walau bagaimanapun kebanyakan penghijrahan burung berada dalam lingkungan 150 hingga 600 m (490 hingga 1,970 kaki). Rekod penerbangan mogok burung dari Amerika Syarikat menunjukkan kebanyakan pertembungan berlaku di bawah 600 m (2,000 kaki) dan hampir tidak melebihi 1,800 m (5,900 kaki). <> Apa bahagian burung ditemui pada ekspedisi ke Mt. Everest? || skeleton <> Burung mana yang mempunyai kadar tertinggi naik ke ketinggian? || Anser indicus <> Apa jenis burung terbang rendah ke atas air? || Burung laut <> Apa julat ketinggian yang paling direkodkan? || 150 hingga 600 m <> Di manakah kebanyakan pertembungan udara berlaku? || di bawah 600 m", {"qas": [{"question": "What part of birds was found on an expedition to Mt. Everest?", "id": "5706017552bb89140068978e", "answers": [{"text": "skeletons", "answer_start": 84}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which birds have the highest rates of climb to altitude?", "id": "5706017552bb89140068978f", "answers": [{"text": "Bar-headed geese Anser indicus", "answer_start": 209}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of birds fly low over water?", "id": "5706017552bb891400689790", "answers": [{"text": "Seabirds", "answer_start": 518}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What altitude range is most migration recorded?", "id": "5706017552bb891400689791", "answers": [{"text": "150 to 600 m", "answer_start": 677}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do most in air collisions occur?", "id": "5706017552bb891400689792", "answers": [{"text": "below 600 m", "answer_start": 788}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Birds fly at varying altitudes during migration. An expedition to Mt. Everest found skeletons of northern pintail Anas acuta and black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa at 5,000 m (16,000 ft) on the Khumbu Glacier. Bar-headed geese Anser indicus have been recorded by GPS flying at up to 6,540 metres (21,460 ft) while crossing the Himalayas, at the same time engaging in the highest rates of climb to altitude for any bird. Anecdotal reports of them flying much higher have yet to be corroborated with any direct evidence. Seabirds fly low over water but gain altitude when crossing land, and the reverse pattern is seen in landbirds. However most bird migration is in the range of 150 to 600 m (490 to 1,970 ft). Bird strike aviation records from the United States show most collisions occur below 600 m (2,000 ft) and almost none above 1,800 m (5,900 ft)."}], ["Kebanyakan migrasi bermula dengan burung bermula di hadapan yang luas. Sering kali, front ini sempit menjadi satu atau lebih laluan pilihan yang dikenali sebagai laluan udara. Laluan-laluan ini biasanya mengikuti jejak gunung atau garis pantai, kadang kala sungai, dan mungkin mengambil kesempatan daripada peningkatan dan corak angin lain atau mengelakkan halangan geografi seperti pembukaan air terbuka yang besar. Laluan khusus mungkin diprogramkan secara genetik atau dipelajari dengan pelbagai peringkat. Laluan yang diambil ke atas migrasi ke hadapan dan kembali sering berbeza. Corak umum di Amerika Utara adalah penghijrahan mengikut arah jam, di mana burung terbang Utara cenderung lebih Barat, dan terbang di Selatan cenderung beralih ke Timur. <> Bagaimana kebanyakan penghijrahan bermula? || burung-burung bermula di hadapan yang luas <> Apa yang harus dilakukan oleh burung-burung yang berhijrah? || gunung atau garis pantai <> Apa halangan yang akan menghindari burung yang berhijrah? || luas air terbuka <> Apakah corak yang sama dalam penghijrahan Amerika Utara? || mengikut arah jam <> Apakah laluan pilihan untuk penghijrahan dipanggil? || flyways", {"qas": [{"question": "How do most migrations begin?", "id": "5705fb9e52bb89140068975a", "answers": [{"text": "the birds starting off in a broad front", "answer_start": 27}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What to the migrating birds usually follow?", "id": "5705fb9e52bb89140068975b", "answers": [{"text": "mountain ranges or coastlines", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What obsticals will migrating birds avoid?", "id": "5705fb9e52bb89140068975c", "answers": [{"text": "large stretches of open water", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a common pattern in North America migration?", "id": "5705fb9e52bb89140068975d", "answers": [{"text": "clockwise", "answer_start": 540}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the preferred routes for migration called?", "id": "5705fb9e52bb89140068975e", "answers": [{"text": "flyways", "answer_start": 135}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Most migrations begin with the birds starting off in a broad front. Often, this front narrows into one or more preferred routes termed flyways. These routes typically follow mountain ranges or coastlines, sometimes rivers, and may take advantage of updrafts and other wind patterns or avoid geographical barriers such as large stretches of open water. The specific routes may be genetically programmed or learned to varying degrees. The routes taken on forward and return migration are often different. A common pattern in North America is clockwise migration, where birds flying North tend to be further West, and flying South tend to shift Eastwards."}], ["Imej tipikal penghijrahan adalah burung darat utara, seperti burung menelan (Hirundinidae) dan burung mangsa, membuat penerbangan panjang ke kawasan tropika. Walau bagaimanapun, banyak wildfowl dan finch (Fringillidae) spesies musim sejuk di Zon Temperat Utara, di kawasan dengan musim sejuk yang lebih ringan daripada musim pembiakan musim panas mereka. Contohnya, seekor goose berkaki merah muda Anser brachyrhynchus berhijrah dari Iceland ke Britain dan negara-negara jirannya, sementara junco Junco hyemalis yang bermata gelap berpindah dari iklim subtitik dan arktik ke Amerika Syarikat yang bersambung dan emas emas Amerika dari taiga hingga musim sejuk yang melimpah dari Amerika Selatan ke barat laut ke Oregon Barat. Laluan bermigrasi dan alasan musim sejuk tradisional dan dipelajari oleh orang muda semasa penghijrahan pertama mereka dengan ibu bapa mereka. Beberapa itik, seperti garganey Anas querquedula, bergerak sepenuhnya atau sebahagiannya ke dalam kawasan tropika. Ficedula hypoleuca juga berpeluang mengikuti trend migrasi ini, pembiakan di Asia dan Eropah dan musim sejuk di Afrika. <> Di manakah angsa kaki merah jambu bermigrasi? || dari Iceland ke Britain <> Di manakah permata bermata gelap bermigrasi? || iklim arktik ke Amerika Syarikat yang bersebelahan <> Di manakah baka berlabuh di Eropah? || Asia dan Eropah <> Di manakah peluru berpandu Eropah berlanggar musim sejuk? || Afrika <> Bagaimana cara belajar laluan migrasi? || semasa penghijrahan pertama mereka dengan ibu bapa mereka", {"qas": [{"question": "Where do the pink-footed goose migrate?", "id": "570602f875f01819005e786e", "answers": [{"text": "from Iceland to Britain", "answer_start": 378}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do the dark-eyed junco migrate?", "id": "570602f875f01819005e786f", "answers": [{"text": "arctic climates to the contiguous United States", "answer_start": 500}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do the European pied flycatcher breed?", "id": "570602f875f01819005e7870", "answers": [{"text": "Asia and Europe", "answer_start": 992}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the European pied flycatcher spend the winter?", "id": "570602f875f01819005e7871", "answers": [{"text": "Africa", "answer_start": 1025}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do young learn migratory routes?", "id": "570602f875f01819005e7872", "answers": [{"text": "during their first migration with their parents", "answer_start": 750}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The typical image of migration is of northern landbirds, such as swallows (Hirundinidae) and birds of prey, making long flights to the tropics. However, many Holarctic wildfowl and finch (Fringillidae) species winter in the North Temperate Zone, in regions with milder winters than their summer breeding grounds. For example, the pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus migrates from Iceland to Britain and neighbouring countries, whilst the dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis migrates from subarctic and arctic climates to the contiguous United States and the American goldfinch from taiga to wintering grounds extending from the American South northwestward to Western Oregon. Migratory routes and wintering grounds are traditional and learned by young during their first migration with their parents. Some ducks, such as the garganey Anas querquedula, move completely or partially into the tropics. The European pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca also follows this migratory trend, breeding in Asia and Europe and wintering in Africa."}], ["Kelebihan ini mengimbangi tekanan tinggi, kos tenaga fizikal, dan risiko lain dari migrasi. Predasi boleh meningkat semasa penghijrahan: Falcon eleonorae elang Eleonora, yang membiak di pulau-pulau Mediterranean, mempunyai musim pembiakan yang sangat terlambat, diselaraskan dengan laluan musim luruh pendatang yang lewat dari selatan, yang memberi makan kepada anak-anaknya. Strategi yang sama diguna pakai oleh kelawar noctule yang lebih besar, yang menghidupkan pendatang passerine pada waktu malam. Kepekatan burung yang berhijrah di tempat persinggahan yang lebih tinggi menjadikannya terdedah kepada parasit dan patogen, yang memerlukan tindak balas imun yang tinggi. <> Apa yang tertunda semasa penghijrahan? || Ramalan <> Di mana baka burung elang Eleonora? || Kepulauan Mediterranean <> Apakah elang Eleonora memberi makan kepada anak-anak mereka? || pendatang passerine selatan <> Apa yang menyerang pendatang passerine malam? || yang lebih besar kelawar noctule <> Apa yang membuat burung cenderung kepada parasit dan patogen? || kepekatan burung yang berhijrah yang lebih tinggi", {"qas": [{"question": "What is hightened during migration?", "id": "5705f90475f01819005e77f8", "answers": [{"text": "Predation", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do Eleonora's falcon breed?", "id": "5705f90475f01819005e77f9", "answers": [{"text": "Mediterranean islands", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do Eleonora's falcon feed their young?", "id": "5705f90475f01819005e77fa", "answers": [{"text": "southbound passerine migrants", "answer_start": 292}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What preys on nocturnal passerine migrants?", "id": "5705f90475f01819005e77fb", "answers": [{"text": "the greater noctule bat", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What makes birds prone to parasites and pathogens?", "id": "5705f90475f01819005e77fc", "answers": [{"text": "higher concentrations of migrating birds", "answer_start": 459}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "These advantages offset the high stress, physical exertion costs, and other risks of the migration. Predation can be heightened during migration: Eleonora's falcon Falco eleonorae, which breeds on Mediterranean islands, has a very late breeding season, coordinated with the autumn passage of southbound passerine migrants, which it feeds to its young. A similar strategy is adopted by the greater noctule bat, which preys on nocturnal passerine migrants. The higher concentrations of migrating birds at stopover sites make them prone to parasites and pathogens, which require a heightened immune response."}], ["Dalam satu spesies tidak semua populasi boleh menjadi migrasi; ini dikenali sebagai \"penghijrahan sebahagian\". Penghijrahan separa adalah sangat biasa di benua selatan; di Australia, 44% daripada burung tidak lewat dan 32% spesies passerine adalah sebahagian daripada migrasi. Dalam sesetengah spesies, populasi di lintang yang lebih tinggi cenderung berpindah dan akan sering musim sejuk di latitud yang lebih rendah. Burung-burung yang berpindah memintas lintang di mana populasi lain mungkin tidak aktif, di mana habitat musim sejuk yang sesuai mungkin sudah diduduki. Ini adalah contoh penghijrahan katak melompat. Banyak spesies migrasi sepenuhnya menunjukkan migrasi katak melompat (burung yang bersarang di latitud lebih tinggi menghabiskan musim sejuk di latitud lebih rendah), dan banyak menunjukkan alternatif, penghijrahan rantaian, di mana slaid populasi 'lebih merata utara dan selatan tanpa membalikkan perintah. <> Apakah migrasi separa? || tidak semua populasi boleh bermigrasi <> Di manakah penghijrahan sebahagian yang paling biasa? || benua selatan <> Di Australia, berapa peratus daripada burung bukan passerine yang berpindah sebahagiannya? || 44% <> Di Australia, berapa peratus spesies passerine yang berpindah sebahagian? || 32% <> Apakah migrasi katak melompat? || burung yang bersarang di latitud yang lebih tinggi menghabiskan musim sejuk di latitud yang lebih rendah", {"qas": [{"question": "What is partial migration?", "id": "5705fa3075f01819005e780c", "answers": [{"text": "not all populations may be migratory", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is partial migration most common?", "id": "5705fa3075f01819005e780d", "answers": [{"text": "the southern continents", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Australia, what percent of non-passerine birds are partially migratory?", "id": "5705fa3075f01819005e780e", "answers": [{"text": "44%", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In Australia, what percent of passerine species are partially migratory?", "id": "5705fa3075f01819005e780f", "answers": [{"text": "32%", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is leap frog migration?", "id": "5705fa3075f01819005e7810", "answers": [{"text": "birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes", "answer_start": 604}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as \"partial migration\". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migratory and will often winter at lower latitude. The migrating birds bypass the latitudes where other populations may be sedentary, where suitable wintering habitats may already be occupied. This is an example of leap-frog migration. Many fully migratory species show leap-frog migration (birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes), and many show the alternative, chain migration, where populations 'slide' more evenly north and south without reversing order."}], ["Pendatang malam tahun meminimumkan pemusnahan, mengelakkan terlalu panas, dan boleh makan sepanjang hari. Satu kos penghijrahan malam adalah kehilangan tidur. Migran mungkin dapat mengubah kualiti tidur mereka untuk mengimbangi kerugian. <> Apa faedah penghijrahan malam? || meminimumkan predasi <> Apakah kos penghijrahan malam? || Kehilangan tidur <> Bagaimana migran malam hari mengimbangi kehilangan tidur? || Migran mungkin dapat mengubah kualiti tidur mereka <> Apa faedah penghijrahan malam lagi? || elakkan terlalu panas", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a benefit of nocturnal migration?", "id": "570688d052bb891400689a4e", "answers": [{"text": "minimize predation", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a cost of nocturnal migration?", "id": "570688d052bb891400689a4f", "answers": [{"text": "loss of sleep", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do nocturnal migrants compensate for loss of sleep?", "id": "570688d052bb891400689a50", "answers": [{"text": "Migrants may be able to alter their quality of sleep", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another benefit of nocturnal migration?", "id": "570688d052bb891400689a51", "answers": [{"text": "avoid overheating", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Nocturnal migrants minimize predation, avoid overheating, and can feed during the day. One cost of nocturnal migration is the loss of sleep. Migrants may be able to alter their quality of sleep to compensate for the loss."}], ["Beberapa godwith bar-tailed Limosa lapponica mempunyai penerbangan tanpa henti yang paling lama diketahui oleh mana-mana orang migran, terbang 11,000 km dari Alaska ke kawasan bukan pembiakan New Zealand mereka. Sebelum penghijrahan, 55 peratus berat badan mereka disimpan sebagai lemak untuk menjana perjalanan tanpa gangguan ini. <> Burung manakah yang mempunyai penghijrahan terpanjang? || bar-tailed godwits <> Seberapa jauh barwitch bar-bunker bergerak untuk berhijrah? || 11,000 km <> Di mana barwith bar-tailed bermigrasi dari || Alaska <> Di mana barworm bar-ekor berpindah ke? || New Zealand <> Berapa banyak berat badan barwink bar yang disimpan sebagai lemak sebelum migrasi? || 55 peratus", {"qas": [{"question": "Which bird has the longest migration?", "id": "5706783775f01819005e7ba4", "answers": [{"text": "bar-tailed godwits", "answer_start": 5}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How far do bar-tailed godwits travel to migrate?", "id": "5706783775f01819005e7ba5", "answers": [{"text": "11,000 km", "answer_start": 103}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do bar-tailed godwits migrate from", "id": "5706783775f01819005e7ba6", "answers": [{"text": "Alaska", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do bar-tailed godwits migrate to?", "id": "5706783775f01819005e7ba7", "answers": [{"text": "New Zealand", "answer_start": 134}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of the bar-tailed godwits bodyweight is stored as fat before migration?", "id": "5706783775f01819005e7ba8", "answers": [{"text": "55 percent", "answer_start": 186}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some bar-tailed godwits Limosa lapponica have the longest known non-stop flight of any migrant, flying 11,000 km from Alaska to their New Zealand non-breeding areas. Prior to migration, 55 percent of their bodyweight is stored as fat to fuel this uninterrupted journey."}], ["Kebanyakan burung insektivor yang lebih kecil termasuk warbler, kolibri dan penyelamat terbang berpindah jarak jauh, biasanya pada waktu malam. Mereka mendarat di waktu pagi dan boleh makan selama beberapa hari sebelum meneruskan penghijrahan mereka. Burung disebut sebagai migran laluan di kawasan di mana ia berlaku untuk jangka pendek antara asal dan destinasi. <> Bilakah banyak burung insektiviti berhijrah? || biasanya pada waktu malam <> Jenis burung mana yang mana selama beberapa hari sebelum melanjutkan penghijrahan? || burung insektivor yang lebih kecil <> Apa yang disebut burung insektivorous yang lebih kecil? || pendatang laluan <> Berapa lamakah pendatang laluan berhenti dan memberi makan sebelum melanjutkan penghijrahan? || beberapa hari", {"qas": [{"question": "When do many insectivorous birds migrate?", "id": "5706883275f01819005e7bd6", "answers": [{"text": "usually at night", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which kinds of birds land for a few days before resuming migration?", "id": "5706883275f01819005e7bd7", "answers": [{"text": "smaller insectivorous birds", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are smaller insectivorous birds referred to?", "id": "5706883275f01819005e7bd8", "answers": [{"text": "passage migrants", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long do passage migrants stop and feed before resuming migration?", "id": "5706883275f01819005e7bd9", "answers": [{"text": "a few days", "answer_start": 178}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many of the smaller insectivorous birds including the warblers, hummingbirds and flycatchers migrate large distances, usually at night. They land in the morning and may feed for a few days before resuming their migration. The birds are referred to as passage migrants in the regions where they occur for short durations between the origin and destination."}], ["Bagi sesetengah spesies penyapu, kejayaan penghijrahan bergantung kepada ketersediaan sumber makanan tertentu di titik persinggahan di sepanjang laluan penghijrahan. Ini memberi peluang kepada para pendatang untuk mengisi minyak untuk perjalanan seterusnya. Beberapa contoh lokasi persinggahan penting ialah Bay of Fundy dan Teluk Delaware. <> Apakah penghijrahan yang berjaya bergantung kepada sesetengah waders? || ketersediaan sumber makanan utama tertentu <> Di manakah pendatang mengisi bahan api? || titik persinggahan sepanjang laluan penghijrahan <> Di mana lokasi persinggahan penting? || Bay of Fundy <> Apa lagi lokasi perhentian? || Delaware Bay", {"qas": [{"question": "What does successful migration depend on for some waders?", "id": "5706071252bb8914006897cc", "answers": [{"text": "the availability of certain key food resources", "answer_start": 57}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do migrants refuel?", "id": "5706071252bb8914006897cd", "answers": [{"text": "stopover points along the migration route", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is an important stopover location?", "id": "5706071252bb8914006897ce", "answers": [{"text": "the Bay of Fundy", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another stopover location?", "id": "5706071252bb8914006897cf", "answers": [{"text": "Delaware Bay", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "For some species of waders, migration success depends on the availability of certain key food resources at stopover points along the migration route. This gives the migrants an opportunity to refuel for the next leg of the voyage. Some examples of important stopover locations are the Bay of Fundy and Delaware Bay."}], ["Keadaan yang sama berlaku dengan penyapu (dipanggil shorebird di Amerika Utara). Banyak spesies, seperti dunlin Calidris alpina dan sandpiper barat Calidris mauri, mengusahakan gerakan panjang dari kawasan pembiakan Artik mereka ke lokasi yang lebih hangat di hemisfera yang sama, tetapi yang lain seperti sandpiper semifinal C. pusilla bergerak jauh lebih jauh ke kawasan tropika di Hemisfera Selatan. <> Apa yang disebut waders di Amerika Utara? || burung shorebird <> Di manakah burung alpine dunlin Calidris berhijrah? || lokasi hangat di hemisfera yang sama <> Di mana paspiper semiplamasi C. pusilla berpindah ke? || kawasan tropika di Hemisfera Selatan <> Di mana barat pasir Calidris berhijrah dari? || Kawasan pembiakan Artik", {"qas": [{"question": "What are waders called in North America?", "id": "5706068852bb8914006897be", "answers": [{"text": "shorebirds", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do dunlin Calidris alpina migrate to?", "id": "5706068852bb8914006897bf", "answers": [{"text": "warmer locations in the same hemisphere", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do semiplamated sandpiper C. pusilla migrate to?", "id": "5706068852bb8914006897c0", "answers": [{"text": "the tropics in the Southern Hemisphere", "answer_start": 344}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do western sandpiper Calidris migrate from?", "id": "5706068852bb8914006897c1", "answers": [{"text": "Arctic breeding grounds", "answer_start": 196}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A similar situation occurs with waders (called shorebirds in North America). Many species, such as dunlin Calidris alpina and western sandpiper Calidris mauri, undertake long movements from their Arctic breeding grounds to warmer locations in the same hemisphere, but others such as semipalmated sandpiper C. pusilla travel longer distances to the tropics in the Southern Hemisphere."}], ["Sering kali, laluan penghijrahan burung pengesan jarak jauh tidak mengikuti garis lurus antara tempat pembiakan dan musim sejuk. Sebaliknya, ia boleh mengikuti garisan ketagihan atau melengkung, dengan lencongan di sekeliling halangan geografi. Bagi kebanyakan burung-burung, halangan-halangan seperti itu boleh terdiri daripada laut, badan air besar atau julat gunung yang tinggi, kerana kekurangan tempat persinggahan atau tempat makan, atau kekurangan tiang termal untuk burung bersayap lebar. <> Laluan apa yang biasanya dilakukan oleh burung yang berhijrah? || garis ketagih atau melengkung <> Apakah halangan geografi untuk burung darat cuba mengelakkan? || badan air yang besar atau julat gunung yang tinggi <> Mengapa burung-burung darat yang berhijrah mengelakkan badan-badan air atau gunung-gunung yang besar? || kekurangan persinggahan atau tempat makan <> Mengapa burung bersayap yang luas mengelakkan halangan geografi? || kekurangan tiang haba", {"qas": [{"question": "What route does a migrating bird usually follow?", "id": "5706046752bb8914006897aa", "answers": [{"text": "an hooked or arched line", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What geographical barriers to land birds try to avoid?", "id": "5706046752bb8914006897ab", "answers": [{"text": "large water bodies or high mountain ranges", "answer_start": 282}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why do migrating land birds avoid large water bodies or mountain ranges?", "id": "5706046752bb8914006897ac", "answers": [{"text": "the lack of stopover or feeding sites", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why do broad winged birds avoid geographical barriers?", "id": "5706046752bb8914006897ad", "answers": [{"text": "lack of thermal columns", "answer_start": 383}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Often, the migration route of a long-distance migrator bird doesn't follow a straight line between breeding and wintering grounds. Rather, it could follow an hooked or arched line, with detours around geographical barriers. For most land-birds, such barriers could consist in seas, large water bodies or high mountain ranges, because of the lack of stopover or feeding sites, or the lack of thermal columns for broad-winged birds."}], ["Pertimbangan yang sama mengenai halangan dan lencongan yang berlaku untuk penghijrahan burung-burung jarak jauh dikenakan kepada burung air, tetapi sebaliknya: kawasan tanah yang luas tanpa badan air yang menawarkan tempat makan juga boleh menjadi penghalang kepada burung yang memakannya perairan pantai. Lencongan mengelakkan halangan seperti itu diperhatikan: contohnya, brenda angsa Branta bernicla berpindah dari Semenanjung Taymyr ke perjalanan Laut Wadden melalui pantai Laut Putih dan Laut Baltik dan bukannya langsung merentasi Lautan Artik dan utara Scandinavia. <> Apa yang menghindari burung air semasa berhijrah? || kawasan tanah yang besar tanpa badan air <> Di manakah angsa brent bermigrasi? || Semenanjung Taymyr <> Di mana brang angsa berpindah ke? || Laut Wadden <> Bagaimana angsa brent berhijrah? || melalui pantai Laut Putih dan Laut Baltik", {"qas": [{"question": "What do water birds avoid while migrating?", "id": "5706057875f01819005e788c", "answers": [{"text": "a large area of land without bodies of water", "answer_start": 137}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do brent geese migrate from?", "id": "5706057875f01819005e788d", "answers": [{"text": "the Taymyr Peninsula", "answer_start": 370}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do brent geese migrate to?", "id": "5706057875f01819005e788e", "answers": [{"text": "the Wadden Sea", "answer_start": 394}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do brent geese migrate?", "id": "5706057875f01819005e788f", "answers": [{"text": "via the White Sea coast and the Baltic Sea", "answer_start": 416}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The same considerations about barriers and detours that apply to long-distance land-bird migration apply to water birds, but in reverse: a large area of land without bodies of water that offer feeding sites may also be a barrier to a bird that feeds in coastal waters. Detours avoiding such barriers are observed: for example, brent geese Branta bernicla migrating from the Taymyr Peninsula to the Wadden Sea travel via the White Sea coast and the Baltic Sea rather than directly across the Arctic Ocean and northern Scandinavia."}], ["Penghijrahan burung laut adalah serupa dengan corak kepada orang-orang penyuap dan unggas air. Ada, seperti guillemot hitam Cepphus grylle dan beberapa camar, agak tidak aktif; yang lain, seperti kebanyakan ternies dan auks pembiakan di hemisfera utara yang sederhana, bergerak bervariasi jarak di selatan di musim sejuk utara. Tern Stern Sterna paradisaea ternika mempunyai penghijrahan jarak jauh yang paling jauh dari mana-mana burung, dan melihat lebih banyak hari daripada yang lain, bergerak dari kawasan pembiakan Artik ke wilayah bukan pembiakan Antartika. Ternyata One Arctic, berkibar (berbelok) sebagai anak ayam di Farne Islands dari pantai timur British, mencapai Melbourne, Australia hanya dalam masa tiga bulan dari perjalanan, perjalanan laut lebih dari 22,000 km (14,000 mi). Ramai burung yang ditanam tumbuhan di hemisfera selatan dan berpindah ke utara di musim sejuk selatan. <> Burung laut mana yang mempunyai penghijrahan jarak jauh? || Burung Arktik <> Burung manakah yang melihat lebih banyak hari daripada yang lain semasa penghijrahan? || Terusan Arktik <> Berapa lama satu ekor Arktik diambil untuk berhijrah? || tiga bulan <> Berapa jauh perjalanan anak ayam Artik? || 22,000 km <> Di manakah burung yang ditanam benih? || hemisfera selatan", {"qas": [{"question": "Which seabird has the longest-distance migration?", "id": "5706791075f01819005e7bae", "answers": [{"text": "The Arctic tern", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which bird sees more daylight than any other during migration?", "id": "5706791075f01819005e7baf", "answers": [{"text": "The Arctic tern", "answer_start": 300}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did one Arctic tern take to migrate?", "id": "5706791075f01819005e7bb0", "answers": [{"text": "three months", "answer_start": 628}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How far did the Arctic tern chick travel?", "id": "5706791075f01819005e7bb1", "answers": [{"text": "22,000 km", "answer_start": 678}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do tubenosed birds breed?", "id": "5706791075f01819005e7bb2", "answers": [{"text": "the southern hemisphere", "answer_start": 731}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Seabird migration is similar in pattern to those of the waders and waterfowl. Some, such as the black guillemot Cepphus grylle and some gulls, are quite sedentary; others, such as most terns and auks breeding in the temperate northern hemisphere, move varying distances south in the northern winter. The Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea has the longest-distance migration of any bird, and sees more daylight than any other, moving from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic non-breeding areas. One Arctic tern, ringed (banded) as a chick on the Farne Islands off the British east coast, reached Melbourne, Australia in just three months from fledging, a sea journey of over 22,000 km (14,000 mi). Many tubenosed birds breed in the southern hemisphere and migrate north in the southern winter."}], ["Spesies paling pelagik, terutamanya dalam perintah 'tubenose' Procellariiformes, adalah pengembara yang hebat, dan albatrossa lautan selatan boleh melingkari dunia ketika mereka menunggang \"empat puluhan\" di luar musim pembiakan. Tubenoses merebak secara meluas di kawasan besar lautan terbuka, tetapi berkumpul apabila makanan menjadi tersedia. Ramai juga di kalangan migran jarak jauh; perisai ricih Puffinus griseus bersarang di Kepulauan Falkland berhijrah 14,000 km (8,700 mi) antara koloni pembiakan dan Lautan Atlantik Utara di luar Norway. Sesetengah ricih Manx Puffinus puffinus melakukan perjalanan yang sama di belakang. Memandangkan mereka adalah burung yang hidup lama, mereka mungkin meliputi jarak yang sangat besar sepanjang hidup mereka; satu rekod memecahkan Manar shearwater dikira telah menerbangkan 8 juta km (5 juta batu) semasa jangka hayatnya selama lebih 50 tahun. <> Spesies mana yang merayau? || pelagic <> Burung manakah yang memecah rekod sejauh mana ia terbang ke atasnya? || Manx shearwater <> Berapa jauh Manch shearwater terbang selama jangka hayatnya? || 8 juta km <> Berapa lamakah Manar shearwater hidup? || 50 tahun <> Sejauh mana puffinus griseus berhijrah setiap tahun? || 14,000 km", {"qas": [{"question": "Which species are great wanderers?", "id": "5706865b75f01819005e7bcc", "answers": [{"text": "pelagic", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which bird broke a record in how far it flew over it's life?", "id": "5706865b75f01819005e7bcd", "answers": [{"text": "Manx shearwater", "answer_start": 722}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How far did a Manx shearwater fly over it's lifespan?", "id": "5706865b75f01819005e7bce", "answers": [{"text": "8 million km", "answer_start": 766}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did the Manx shearwater live?", "id": "5706865b75f01819005e7bcf", "answers": [{"text": "50 year", "answer_start": 813}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How far will Puffinus griseus migrate each year?", "id": "5706865b75f01819005e7bd0", "answers": [{"text": "14,000 km", "answer_start": 455}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The most pelagic species, mainly in the 'tubenose' order Procellariiformes, are great wanderers, and the albatrosses of the southern oceans may circle the globe as they ride the \"roaring forties\" outside the breeding season. The tubenoses spread widely over large areas of open ocean, but congregate when food becomes available. Many are also among the longest-distance migrants; sooty shearwaters Puffinus griseus nesting on the Falkland Islands migrate 14,000 km (8,700 mi) between the breeding colony and the North Atlantic Ocean off Norway. Some Manx shearwaters Puffinus puffinus do this same journey in reverse. As they are long-lived birds, they may cover enormous distances during their lives; one record-breaking Manx shearwater is calculated to have flown 8 million km (5 million miles) during its over-50 year lifespan."}], ["Sesetengah burung bersayap yang luas bergantung pada lajur haba yang menaikkan udara panas untuk membolehkan mereka melambung. Ini termasuk banyak burung mangsa seperti burung hantu, elang, dan buzzards, tetapi juga bangau. Burung-burung ini bermigrasi di siang hari. Spesies bermigrasi dalam kumpulan ini mempunyai kesulitan besar menyeberangi badan besar air, kerana termal hanya terbentuk di atas tanah, dan burung-burung ini tidak dapat mempertahankan penerbangan aktif untuk jarak jauh. Laut Mediterranean dan lain-lain menyajikan halangan utama kepada burung yang melonjak, yang mesti menyeberangi titik paling sempit. Bilangan besar burung raksasa dan bangau melintasi kawasan-kawasan seperti Selat Messina, Gibraltar, Falsterbo, dan Bosphorus pada masa penghijrahan. Spesies yang lebih lazim, seperti buffard madu Eropah Pernis apivorus, boleh dikira dalam ratusan ribu pada musim luruh. Halangan lain, seperti rentang gunung, juga boleh menyebabkan penyaluran, terutamanya pendatang di-besar. Ini adalah faktor penting dalam kesesakan migrasi Amerika Tengah. Kesesakan Batumi di Caucasus adalah salah satu corong migrasi paling berat di bumi. Mengelakkan terbang di atas permukaan Laut Hitam dan melintasi pergunungan yang tinggi, beratus-ratus ribu burung melonjak melintasi kawasan sekitar bandar Batumi, Georgia. Burung mangsa seperti buzzards madu yang berhijrah menggunakan termal kehilangan hanya 10 hingga 20% berat mereka semasa penghijrahan, yang mungkin menjelaskan mengapa mereka memakan kurang semasa migrasi daripada melakukan burung kecil mangsa dengan penerbangan yang lebih aktif seperti burung hantu, elang dan harrier. <> Apakah beberapa burung bersayap besar bergantung kepada membantu mereka melambung? || lajur haba naik udara panas <> Bilakah burung-burung berdoa besar berhijrah? || siang hari <> Apakah salah satu corong penghijrahan yang paling berat? || Batumi hambatan <> Berapakah berat badan mereka yang hilang buzzards madu semasa penghijrahan? || 10 hingga 20% <> Berapa banyak corong burung melalui Batumi, Georgia setiap tahun? || beratus ribu", {"qas": [{"question": "What do some large broad-winged birds rely on to help them soar?", "id": "5706872b52bb891400689a44", "answers": [{"text": "thermal columns of rising hot air", "answer_start": 38}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When do large birds of pray migrate?", "id": "5706872b52bb891400689a45", "answers": [{"text": "daytime", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one of the heaviest migratory funnels?", "id": "5706872b52bb891400689a46", "answers": [{"text": "Batumi bottleneck", "answer_start": 983}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of their body weight do honey buzzards lose during migration?", "id": "5706872b52bb891400689a47", "answers": [{"text": "10 to 20%", "answer_start": 1312}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many birds funnel through Batumi, Georgia each year?", "id": "5706872b52bb891400689a48", "answers": [{"text": "hundreds of thousands", "answer_start": 1138}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some large broad-winged birds rely on thermal columns of rising hot air to enable them to soar. These include many birds of prey such as vultures, eagles, and buzzards, but also storks. These birds migrate in the daytime. Migratory species in these groups have great difficulty crossing large bodies of water, since thermals only form over land, and these birds cannot maintain active flight for long distances. Mediterranean and other seas present a major obstacle to soaring birds, which must cross at the narrowest points. Massive numbers of large raptors and storks pass through areas such as the Strait of Messina, Gibraltar, Falsterbo, and the Bosphorus at migration times. More common species, such as the European honey buzzard Pernis apivorus, can be counted in hundreds of thousands in autumn. Other barriers, such as mountain ranges, can also cause funnelling, particularly of large diurnal migrants. This is a notable factor in the Central American migratory bottleneck. Batumi bottleneck in the Caucasus is one of the heaviest migratory funnels on earth. Avoiding flying over the Black Sea surface and across high mountains, hundreds of thousands of soaring birds funnel through an area around the city of Batumi, Georgia. Birds of prey such as honey buzzards which migrate using thermals lose only 10 to 20% of their weight during migration, which may explain why they forage less during migration than do smaller birds of prey with more active flight such as falcons, hawks and harriers."}], ["Dalam spesies polygynous dengan dimorphism seksual yang besar, lelaki cenderung untuk kembali ke tempat pembiakan daripada wanita mereka. Ini disebut protandri. <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila lelaki kembali ke tempat pembiakan daripada wanita? || protandri <> Apa yang berlaku dalam spesies polygynous dengan dimofisme seksual? || lelaki cenderung untuk kembali ke tempat pembiakan <> Mengapa lelaki dalam spesies poligomi pulang sebelum wanita? || dimorphism seksual", {"qas": [{"question": "What is it called when males return earlier to the breeding sites than females?", "id": "5706ac4e75f01819005e7d0a", "answers": [{"text": "protandry", "answer_start": 145}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happens in polygynous species with sexual dimophism?", "id": "5706ac4e75f01819005e7d0b", "answers": [{"text": "males tend to return earlier to the breeding sites", "answer_start": 59}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why do males in polygynous species return before the females?", "id": "5706ac4e75f01819005e7d0c", "answers": [{"text": "sexual dimorphism", "answer_start": 40}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In polygynous species with considerable sexual dimorphism, males tend to return earlier to the breeding sites than their females. This is termed protandry."}], ["Navigasi didasarkan pada pelbagai deria. Banyak burung telah terbukti menggunakan kompas matahari. Menggunakan matahari untuk arahan melibatkan keperluan untuk membuat pampasan berdasarkan waktu. Navigasi juga telah ditunjukkan berdasarkan gabungan kebolehan lain termasuk keupayaan untuk mengesan medan magnet (magnetoception), menggunakan tanda-tanda visual serta isyarat pencium. <> Apakah navigasi berdasarkan? || pelbagai deria <> Apa yang digunakan oleh banyak burung sebagai kompas? || matahari <> Apa yang menggunakan matahari untuk arah? || keperluan untuk membuat pampasan berdasarkan masa <> Apa lagi yang berdasarkan navigasi? || gunakan tanda-tanda visual <> Apakah magnetoception? || keupayaan untuk mengesan medan magnet", {"qas": [{"question": "What is navigation based on?", "id": "5706acd875f01819005e7d10", "answers": [{"text": "a variety of senses", "answer_start": 23}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do many birds use as a compass?", "id": "5706acd875f01819005e7d11", "answers": [{"text": "sun", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does using the sun for direction involve?", "id": "5706acd875f01819005e7d12", "answers": [{"text": "the need for making compensation based on the time", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What else is navigation based on?", "id": "5706acd875f01819005e7d13", "answers": [{"text": "use visual landmarks", "answer_start": 327}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is magnetoception?", "id": "5706acd875f01819005e7d14", "answers": [{"text": "the ability to detect magnetic fields", "answer_start": 271}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Navigation is based on a variety of senses. Many birds have been shown to use a sun compass. Using the sun for direction involves the need for making compensation based on the time. Navigation has also been shown to be based on a combination of other abilities including the ability to detect magnetic fields (magnetoception), use visual landmarks as well as olfactory cues."}], ["Spesies yang tidak mempunyai saudara-mara migrasi jarak jauh, seperti Bombycilla waxwings, bergerak dengan berkesan sebagai tindak balas terhadap cuaca musim sejuk dan kehilangan makanan musim sejuk yang biasa mereka, bukannya peluang pembiakan yang lebih baik. <> Spesies apa yang tidak mempunyai saudara-mara migran jarak jauh? || the waxwings Bombycilla <> Apa yang bom Bombycilla bergerak sebagai tindak balas? || cuaca musim sejuk dan kehilangan makanan musim sejuk yang biasa <> Kenapa Bombycilla waxwing tidak berpindah? || peluang pembiakan ditingkatkan", {"qas": [{"question": "What species has no long-distance migratory relatives?", "id": "5706910552bb891400689a66", "answers": [{"text": "the waxwings Bombycilla", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the waxwings Bombycilla moving in response to?", "id": "5706910552bb891400689a67", "answers": [{"text": "winter weather and the loss of their usual winter food", "answer_start": 127}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why are the waxwing Bombycilla not migrating for?", "id": "5706910552bb891400689a68", "answers": [{"text": "enhanced breeding opportunities", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Species that have no long-distance migratory relatives, such as the waxwings Bombycilla, are effectively moving in response to winter weather and the loss of their usual winter food, rather than enhanced breeding opportunities."}], ["Di kawasan tropika terdapat sedikit variasi sepanjang hari sepanjang tahun, dan ia sentiasa cukup hangat untuk bekalan makanan, tetapi penghijrahan altitudinal berlaku di sesetengah burung tropika. Terdapat bukti bahawa ini membolehkan para pendatang mendapatkan lebih banyak makanan pilihan mereka seperti buah-buahan. <> Di manakah terdapat sedikit variasi dalam tempoh sepanjang hari sepanjang tahun? || Di kawasan tropika <> Mengapa migrasi ketinggian berlaku di sesetengah burung tropika? || untuk mendapatkan lebih banyak makanan pilihan mereka <> Apa makanan pilihan burung tropika? || buah-buahan <> Di mana ia sentiasa cukup panas untuk bekalan makanan? || Di kawasan tropika", {"qas": [{"question": "Where is there little variation in the length of day throughout the year?", "id": "5706917375f01819005e7c10", "answers": [{"text": "In the tropics", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why does altitudinal migration occur in some tropical birds?", "id": "5706917375f01819005e7c11", "answers": [{"text": "to obtain more of their preferred foods", "answer_start": 237}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are tropical birds preferred foods?", "id": "5706917375f01819005e7c12", "answers": [{"text": "fruits", "answer_start": 285}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is it always warm enough for food supply?", "id": "5706917375f01819005e7c13", "answers": [{"text": "In the tropics", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the tropics there is little variation in the length of day throughout the year, and it is always warm enough for a food supply, but altitudinal migration occurs in some tropical birds. There is evidence that this enables the migrants to obtain more of their preferred foods such as fruits."}], ["Pendatang passerine jarak jauh mempunyai dua asal evolusi. Mereka yang mempunyai pendatang jarak jauh dalam keluarga yang sama, seperti phylloscopus collybita chiffchaff yang lazim, adalah spesies asal usul hemisfera selatan yang secara progresif mempersingkat perpindahan pulangan mereka untuk tinggal di hemisfera utara. <> Berapa banyak asal-usul evolusioner mempunyai pendatang jarak jauh yang pendek? || dua <> Spesies manakah yang mempunyai pendatang jarak jauh dalam keluarga yang sama? || yang biasa chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita <> Mengapa mempunyai beberapa spesies secara progresif memendekkan penghijrahan kembali mereka? || untuk tinggal di hemisfera utara", {"qas": [{"question": "How many evolutionary origins do short distance passerine migrants have?", "id": "5706909b52bb891400689a60", "answers": [{"text": "two", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which species have long-distance migrants in the same family?", "id": "5706909b52bb891400689a61", "answers": [{"text": "the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why have some specied progressively shortened their return migration?", "id": "5706909b52bb891400689a62", "answers": [{"text": "to stay in the northern hemisphere", "answer_start": 278}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Short-distance passerine migrants have two evolutionary origins. Those that have long-distance migrants in the same family, such as the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, are species of southern hemisphere origins that have progressively shortened their return migration to stay in the northern hemisphere."}], ["Kawalan penghijrahan, masa dan tindak balasnya dikawal secara genetik dan kelihatan sebagai sifat primitif yang ada walaupun dalam spesies burung yang tidak bermigrasi. Keupayaan untuk menavigasi dan mengorientasikan diri semasa migrasi adalah fenomena yang lebih rumit yang mungkin termasuk kedua-dua program endogen serta pembelajaran. <> Apa yang mengawal penghijrahan burung? || sifat primitif <> Bagaimana burung menavigasi dan mengarahkan diri semasa migrasi? || program endogen serta belajar <> Apakah sifat primitif yang ada walaupun dalam burung yang tidak berhijrah? || penghijrahan <> Apakah fenomena kompleks mengenai penghijrahan? || Keupayaan untuk menavigasi", {"qas": [{"question": "What controls a birds migration?", "id": "5706a5bc75f01819005e7cc0", "answers": [{"text": "a primitive trait", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do birds navigate and orient themselves during migration?", "id": "5706a5bc75f01819005e7cc1", "answers": [{"text": "endogenous programs as well as learning", "answer_start": 287}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a primitive trait present even in non migrating birds?", "id": "5706a5bc75f01819005e7cc2", "answers": [{"text": "migration", "answer_start": 15}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a complex phenomenon in regards to migration?", "id": "5706a5bc75f01819005e7cc3", "answers": [{"text": "The ability to navigate", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The control of migration, its timing and response are genetically controlled and appear to be a primitive trait that is present even in non-migratory species of birds. The ability to navigate and orient themselves during migration is a much more complex phenomenon that may include both endogenous programs as well as learning."}], ["Penghijrahan burung terutama, tetapi tidak sepenuhnya, fenomena Hemisfera Utara. Ini kerana burung tanah di lintang utara yang tinggi, di mana makanan menjadi langka pada musim sejuk, meninggalkan kawasan-kawasan yang lebih jauh ke selatan (termasuk Hemisfera Selatan) untuk menenggelamkan angin, dan kerana daratan kontinental jauh lebih besar di Hemisfera Utara. Sebaliknya, di kalangan burung laut (pelagik), spesies Hemisfera Selatan lebih cenderung berpindah. Ini kerana terdapat kawasan laut yang besar di Hemisfera Selatan, dan lebih banyak pulau yang sesuai untuk burung-burung laut untuk bersarang. <> Di mana hemisfera penghijrahan burung terutamanya berlaku? || Utara <> Di manakah burung-burung dari latin utara yang tinggi berhijrah ke? || selatan <> Mengapa burung bermigrasi ke selatan pada musim sejuk? || makanan menjadi langka <> Spesies burung laut mana yang lebih cenderung untuk berhijrah? || spesies di Hemisfera Selatan <> Mengapa burung laut dari hemisfera selatan lebih cenderung berpindah? || terdapat kawasan laut yang besar di Hemisfera Selatan", {"qas": [{"question": "In which hemisphere does bird migration primarily happen?", "id": "5706a4a052bb891400689b06", "answers": [{"text": "Northern", "answer_start": 49}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do birds from high northern latitutes migrate to?", "id": "5706a4a052bb891400689b07", "answers": [{"text": "south", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why do birds migrate south in winter?", "id": "5706a4a052bb891400689b08", "answers": [{"text": "food becomes scarce", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which species of seabirds are more likely to migrate?", "id": "5706a4a052bb891400689b09", "answers": [{"text": "species of the Southern Hemisphere", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why are seabirds from the southern hemisphere more likely to migrate?", "id": "5706a4a052bb891400689b0a", "answers": [{"text": "there is a large area of ocean in the Southern Hemisphere", "answer_start": 452}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bird migration is primarily, but not entirely, a Northern Hemisphere phenomenon. This is because land birds in high northern latitudes, where food becomes scarce in winter, leave for areas further south (including the Southern Hemisphere) to overwinter, and because the continental landmass is much larger in the Northern Hemisphere. In contrast, among (pelagic) seabirds, species of the Southern Hemisphere are more likely to migrate. This is because there is a large area of ocean in the Southern Hemisphere, and more islands suitable for seabirds to nest."}], ["Kadang-kadang keadaan seperti musim pembiakan yang baik diikuti dengan kegagalan sumber makanan pada tahun berikutnya membawa kepada gangguan di mana sejumlah besar spesies bergerak jauh melebihi jangkaan biasa. Bohemian waxwings Bombycilla garrulus juga mempamerkan variasi yang tidak dapat diramalkan dalam bilangan tahunan, dengan lima ketibaan utama di Britain pada abad kesembilan belas, tetapi 18 antara tahun 1937 dan 2000. Serangan merah Loxia curvirostra juga terganggu, dengan invasi yang meluas di seluruh England mencatat pada tahun 1251, 1593, 1757, dan 1791. <> Sebab sebab apakah burung-burung ini jauh melebihi jangkaan biasa? || musim pembiakan yang baik diikuti dengan kegagalan sumber makanan <> Berapa kali bohemian waxwings datang ke Britain pada abad kesembilan belas? || lima <> Berapa kali lilin Bohemia datang ke Britain antara 1937 dan 200? || 18 <> Berapa tahun salib Merah menyerang England? || 1251, 1593, 1757, dan 1791", {"qas": [{"question": "For what reason would birds mor far beyond the normal range?", "id": "5706a3b152bb891400689afe", "answers": [{"text": "a good breeding season followed by a food source failure", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times did Bohemian waxwings come to Britain in the nineteeth century?", "id": "5706a3b152bb891400689aff", "answers": [{"text": "five", "answer_start": 298}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many times did Bohemian waxwings come to Britain between 1937 and 200?", "id": "5706a3b152bb891400689b00", "answers": [{"text": "18", "answer_start": 364}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What years did Red crossbills invade England?", "id": "5706a3b152bb891400689b01", "answers": [{"text": "1251, 1593, 1757, and 1791", "answer_start": 502}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Sometimes circumstances such as a good breeding season followed by a food source failure the following year lead to irruptions in which large numbers of a species move far beyond the normal range. Bohemian waxwings Bombycilla garrulus well show this unpredictable variation in annual numbers, with five major arrivals in Britain during the nineteenth century, but 18 between the years 1937 and 2000. Red crossbills Loxia curvirostra too are irruptive, with widespread invasions across England noted in 1251, 1593, 1757, and 1791."}], ["Isyarat fisiologi utama untuk penghijrahan adalah perubahan dalam panjang hari. Perubahan ini juga berkaitan dengan perubahan hormon pada burung. Pada masa sebelum penghijrahan, banyak burung memaparkan aktiviti yang lebih tinggi atau Zugunruhe (bahasa Jerman: kegelisahan migrasi), yang pertama kali dijelaskan oleh Johann Friedrich Naumann pada tahun 1795, serta perubahan fisiologi seperti penambahan lemak yang meningkat. Kejadian Zugunruhe walaupun dalam burung yang ditanam sangkar tanpa isyarat persekitaran (contohnya pemendekan hari dan suhu jatuh) telah menunjuk kepada peranan program endogen yang melintas dalam mengawal migrasi burung. Burung sangkar mempamerkan arah penerbangan keutamaan yang sepadan dengan arah pergerakan yang akan mereka ambil secara semula jadi, mengubah arah keutamaan mereka pada masa yang sama perubahan arah liar mereka. <> Apakah isyarat utama untuk penghijrahan? || perubahan dalam panjang hari <> Bagaimana burung bertindak dalam tempoh sebelum penghijrahan? || aktiviti yang lebih tinggi <> Apakah maksud Zugunruhe dalam bahasa Inggeris? || kegelisahan berhijrah <> Apa yang dipaparkan oleh burung sangkar yang bersesuaian dengan arah bermigrasi? || arah penerbangan keutamaan <> Apabila burung sangkar menukar arah keutamaan mereka? || Pada masa yang sama ekspresi liar mereka berubah arah", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the primary cue for migration?", "id": "5706abd252bb891400689b4a", "answers": [{"text": "changes in the day length", "answer_start": 52}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do birds act in the period before migration?", "id": "5706abd252bb891400689b4b", "answers": [{"text": "higher activity", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does Zugunruhe mean in English?", "id": "5706abd252bb891400689b4c", "answers": [{"text": "migratory restlessness", "answer_start": 233}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do caged birds display that corresponds with migratory direction in nature?", "id": "5706abd252bb891400689b4d", "answers": [{"text": "preferential flight direction", "answer_start": 620}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When do caged birds change their preferential direction?", "id": "5706abd252bb891400689b4e", "answers": [{"text": "the same time their wild conspecifics change course", "answer_start": 772}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The primary physiological cue for migration are the changes in the day length. These changes are also related to hormonal changes in the birds. In the period before migration, many birds display higher activity or Zugunruhe (German: migratory restlessness), first described by Johann Friedrich Naumann in 1795, as well as physiological changes such as increased fat deposition. The occurrence of Zugunruhe even in cage-raised birds with no environmental cues (e.g. shortening of day and falling temperature) has pointed to the role of circannual endogenous programs in controlling bird migrations. Caged birds display a preferential flight direction that corresponds with the migratory direction they would take in nature, changing their preferential direction at roughly the same time their wild conspecifics change course."}], ["Ramai pendatang jarak jauh kelihatan diprogram secara genetik untuk bertindak balas terhadap perubahan panjang hari. Walau bagaimanapun, spesies yang bergerak jarak pendek mungkin tidak memerlukan mekanisme masa seperti itu, sebaliknya bergerak sebagai tindak balas terhadap keadaan cuaca tempatan. Oleh itu, peternak gunung dan moorland, seperti pendahulu dinding Tichodroma muraria dan cinclus Cinclus dipper putih, boleh bergerak hanya secara altitudina untuk melarikan diri dari tanah yang lebih tinggi. Spesies lain seperti Merlin Falco columbarius dan Eurasia skylark Alauda arvensis bergerak lebih jauh, ke pantai atau ke arah selatan. Spesies seperti chaffinch jauh kurang bermigrasi di Britain daripada benua Eropah, kebanyakannya tidak bergerak lebih dari 5 km dalam kehidupan mereka. <> Berapa banyak migran jarak jauh yang diprogram secara genetik? || balas perubahan panjang hari <> Bagaimana spesies yang bergerak jarak pendek tahu kapan untuk berhijrah? || maklum balas kepada keadaan cuaca tempatan <> Mengapa peternak gunung dan moorland bergerak hanya secara ketinggian? || untuk melarikan diri dari tanah yang lebih sejuk <> Di manakah bermigrasi Falco columbarius? || pantai atau ke arah selatan <Seberapa jauh chaff Britain lebih dalam hidup mereka? || 5 km", {"qas": [{"question": "What are many long distance migrants genetically programmed to do?", "id": "57068e2575f01819005e7bfc", "answers": [{"text": "respond to changing day length", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do species that move short distances know when to migrate?", "id": "57068e2575f01819005e7bfd", "answers": [{"text": "response to local weather conditions", "answer_start": 199}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why do mountain and moorland breeders move only altitudinally?", "id": "57068e2575f01819005e7bfe", "answers": [{"text": "to escape the cold higher ground", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do the merlin Falco columbarius migrate to?", "id": "57068e2575f01819005e7bff", "answers": [{"text": "the coast or towards the south", "answer_start": 519}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How far do British chaffinch more in their lives?", "id": "57068e2575f01819005e7c00", "answers": [{"text": "5 km", "answer_start": 675}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many long-distance migrants appear to be genetically programmed to respond to changing day length. Species that move short distances, however, may not need such a timing mechanism, instead moving in response to local weather conditions. Thus mountain and moorland breeders, such as wallcreeper Tichodroma muraria and white-throated dipper Cinclus cinclus, may move only altitudinally to escape the cold higher ground. Other species such as merlin Falco columbarius and Eurasian skylark Alauda arvensis move further, to the coast or towards the south. Species like the chaffinch are much less migratory in Britain than those of continental Europe, mostly not moving more than 5 km in their lives."}], ["Burung yang berhijrah boleh kehilangan jalannya dan muncul di luar julat normal mereka. Ini boleh disebabkan oleh penerbangan melepasi destinasi mereka seperti dalam \"musim luruh musim luruh\" di mana burung-burung yang kembali ke kawasan pembiakan mereka terlantar dan berakhir jauh ke utara daripada yang dimaksudkan. Kawasan tertentu, kerana lokasi mereka, telah menjadi terkenal sebagai titik pantang untuk burung-burung tersebut. Contohnya ialah Taman Negara Point Pelee di Kanada, dan Spurn di England. <> Bagaimana burung-burung migrasi dapat hilang? || terbang melepasi destinasi mereka <> Apa yang terbang melepasi destinasi mereka? || spring overshoot <> Lokasi apa yang telah menjadi terkenal untuk penyembur burung? || Point Pelee National Park <> Apa lokasi lain yang terkenal dengan musim semi terlampau? || Seret di England <> Di manakah penyebaran burung berakhir? || jauh ke utara daripada yang dimaksudkan", {"qas": [{"question": "How can migrating birds lose their way?", "id": "5706bbd02eaba6190074acb4", "answers": [{"text": "flying past their destinations", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is flying past their destinations called?", "id": "5706bbd02eaba6190074acb5", "answers": [{"text": "spring overshoot", "answer_start": 136}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What location has become famous for bird overshooters?", "id": "5706bbd02eaba6190074acb6", "answers": [{"text": "Point Pelee National Park", "answer_start": 362}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What other location is famous for spring overshoot?", "id": "5706bbd02eaba6190074acb7", "answers": [{"text": "Spurn in England", "answer_start": 403}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do bird overshooters end up?", "id": "5706bbd02eaba6190074acb8", "answers": [{"text": "further north than intended", "answer_start": 224}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Migrating birds can lose their way and appear outside their normal ranges. This can be due to flying past their destinations as in the \"spring overshoot\" in which birds returning to their breeding areas overshoot and end up further north than intended. Certain areas, because of their location, have become famous as watchpoints for such birds. Examples are the Point Pelee National Park in Canada, and Spurn in England."}], ["Penghijrahan terbalik, di mana pengaturcaraan genetik burung-burung muda gagal berfungsi dengan baik, boleh menyebabkan jarang muncul sebagai ribuan kilometer dari jarak jauh. <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila pemrograman genetik burung muda gagal? || Penghijrahan terbalik <> Apakah penghijrahan terbalik? || di mana pengaturcaraan genetik burung muda gagal berfungsi dengan betul <> Apa yang membawa kepada penghijrahan terbalik? || jarang muncul sebagai vagrants beribu-ribu kilometer dari jarak <> Seberapa jauh dari jarak yang boleh jarang mendapat? || beribu-ribu kilometer", {"qas": [{"question": "What is it called when the genetic programing of young birds fail?", "id": "5706bcd30eeca41400aa0dcb", "answers": [{"text": "Reverse migration", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is reverse migration?", "id": "5706bcd30eeca41400aa0dcc", "answers": [{"text": "where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly", "answer_start": 19}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does reverse migration lead to?", "id": "5706bcd30eeca41400aa0dcd", "answers": [{"text": "rarities turning up as vagrants thousands of kilometres out of range", "answer_start": 100}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How far out of range can rarities get?", "id": "5706bcd30eeca41400aa0dce", "answers": [{"text": "thousands of kilometres", "answer_start": 132}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Reverse migration, where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly, can lead to rarities turning up as vagrants thousands of kilometres out of range."}], ["Migrasi dalam burung sangat labil dan dipercayai telah berkembang secara bebas dalam banyak keturunan burung. Walaupun dipersetujui bahawa penyesuaian tingkah laku dan fisiologi yang diperlukan untuk penghijrahan adalah di bawah kawalan genetik, sesetengah penulis berpendapat bahawa tiada perubahan genetik diperlukan untuk tingkah laku migrasi untuk berkembang dalam spesies yang tidak aktif kerana kerangka genetik untuk tingkah laku migrasi wujud di hampir semua keturunan burung . Ini menerangkan penampilan pesat tingkah laku migrasi selepas maksimum glasial paling terkini. <> Bagaimana migrasi berkembang? || secara bebas <> Apa yang sangat labil? || Migrasi dalam burung <> Apa yang menyebabkan penyesuaian tingkah laku diperlukan untuk penghijrahan? || kawalan genetik <> Apa yang wujud dalam hampir semua keturunan burung? || rangka genetik untuk tingkah laku migrasi", {"qas": [{"question": "How was migration developed?", "id": "5706cfe02eaba6190074ad14", "answers": [{"text": "independently", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is highly labile?", "id": "5706cfe02eaba6190074ad15", "answers": [{"text": "Migration in birds", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What causes the behavioral adaptations necessary for migration?", "id": "5706cfe02eaba6190074ad16", "answers": [{"text": "genetic control", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What exists in nearly all avian lineages?", "id": "5706cfe02eaba6190074ad17", "answers": [{"text": "genetic framework for migratory behavior", "answer_start": 358}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Migration in birds is highly labile and is believed to have developed independently in many avian lineages. While it is agreed that the behavioral and physiological adaptations necessary for migration are under genetic control, some authors have argued that no genetic change is necessary for migratory behavior to develop in a sedentary species because the genetic framework for migratory behavior exists in nearly all avian lineages. This explains the rapid appearance of migratory behavior after the most recent glacial maximum."}], ["Fenomena yang berkaitan yang disebut \"abmigrasi\" melibatkan burung dari satu rantau yang bergabung dengan burung yang sama dari rantau pembiakan yang berbeza di kawasan musim sejuk yang biasa dan kemudian berhijrah kembali bersama dengan penduduk baru. Ini adalah perkara biasa dalam beberapa unggas air, yang beralih dari satu laluan ke arah lain. <> Apa yang dipanggil apabila burung dari satu kawasan bergabung dengan burung dari rantau lain? || abmigrasi <> Burung apa jenis yang paling mungkin untuk menghidupkan? || burung air <> Siapa burung yang menghidupkan kembali? || penduduk baru", {"qas": [{"question": "What is it called when birds from one region join birds from a different region?", "id": "5706c6190eeca41400aa0e21", "answers": [{"text": "abmigration", "answer_start": 29}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of bird is most likely to abmigrate?", "id": "5706c6190eeca41400aa0e22", "answers": [{"text": "waterfowl", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who do abmigrating birds return with?", "id": "5706c6190eeca41400aa0e23", "answers": [{"text": "the new population", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "A related phenomenon called \"abmigration\" involves birds from one region joining similar birds from a different breeding region in the common winter grounds and then migrating back along with the new population. This is especially common in some waterfowl, which shift from one flyway to another."}], ["Adalah mungkin untuk mengajar laluan penghijrahan ke kawanan burung, contohnya dalam skim pengenalan semula. Selepas percubaan dengan Canada angsa Branta canadensis, pesawat microlight digunakan di Amerika Syarikat untuk mengajar laluan penghijrahan yang selamat untuk memperkenalkan kembali kren whooping Grus americana. <> Apakah skema pengenalan semula? || untuk mengajar laluan penghijrahan ke kawanan burung <> Apa yang mereka gunakan untuk mengajar burung laluan penghijrahan? || pesawat microlight <> Burung apa yang mereka lakukan semula ke AS? || kren kokol <> Burung mana yang mereka gunakan sebagai percubaan? || Kanada angsa", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a re-introduction scheme?", "id": "5706c6bf0eeca41400aa0e27", "answers": [{"text": "to teach a migration route to a flock of birds", "answer_start": 21}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did they use to teach birds a migration route?", "id": "5706c6bf0eeca41400aa0e28", "answers": [{"text": "microlight aircraft", "answer_start": 160}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which birds did they reintroduce to the US?", "id": "5706c6bf0eeca41400aa0e29", "answers": [{"text": "whooping cranes", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which birds did they use as a trial run?", "id": "5706c6bf0eeca41400aa0e2a", "answers": [{"text": "Canada geese", "answer_start": 128}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It has been possible to teach a migration route to a flock of birds, for example in re-introduction schemes. After a trial with Canada geese Branta canadensis, microlight aircraft were used in the US to teach safe migration routes to reintroduced whooping cranes Grus americana."}], ["Pendatang jarak jauh dipercayai disebarkan sebagai burung muda dan lampiran bentuk ke tapak pembiakan yang berpotensi dan laman kegemaran musim sejuk. Apabila lampiran laman dibuat, mereka menunjukkan kesetiaan tapak yang tinggi, melawat tapak musim sejuk yang sama tahun demi tahun. <> Bilakah pendatang jarak jauh bersurai? || sebagai burung muda <> Apakah burung-burung muda membentuk lampiran? || tapak pembiakan berpotensi <> Apa lagi burung muda yang membentuk lampiran? || laman web musim sejuk <> Apa yang berlaku apabila lampiran laman dibuat? || mereka menunjukkan kesetiaan tapak yang tinggi <> Di mana burung berhijrah melawat? || tapak musim sejuk yang sama tahun demi tahun", {"qas": [{"question": "When do long distance migrants disperse?", "id": "5706b5312eaba6190074ac4e", "answers": [{"text": "as young birds", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do young birds form attachments to?", "id": "5706b5312eaba6190074ac4f", "answers": [{"text": "potential breeding sites", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What else do young birds form attachments to?", "id": "5706b5312eaba6190074ac50", "answers": [{"text": "wintering sites", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happens when the site attachment is made?", "id": "5706b5312eaba6190074ac51", "answers": [{"text": "they show high site-fidelity", "answer_start": 179}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do migrating birds visit?", "id": "5706b5312eaba6190074ac52", "answers": [{"text": "the same wintering sites year after year", "answer_start": 218}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Long distance migrants are believed to disperse as young birds and form attachments to potential breeding sites and to favourite wintering sites. Once the site attachment is made they show high site-fidelity, visiting the same wintering sites year after year."}], ["Keupayaan burung untuk menavigasi semasa migrasi tidak dapat dijelaskan sepenuhnya oleh pengaturcaraan endogen, walaupun dengan bantuan maklum balas terhadap isyarat persekitaran. Keupayaan untuk berjaya melakukan migrasi jarak jauh mungkin hanya dapat dijelaskan sepenuhnya dengan perakaunan untuk keupayaan kognitif burung mengenali habitat dan membentuk peta mental. Penjejakan satelit hari pengangkut berhijrah seperti ospreys dan buzzards madu telah menunjukkan bahawa individu yang lebih tua lebih baik membuat koreksi untuk hanyut angin. <> Apa yang lebih baik pada burung yang berhijrah? || membuat pembetulan untuk hanyut angin <> Bagaimana pengembalian ospretis dan buzzards madu dijejaki? || Satelit <> Apa yang dilakukan burung untuk berjaya melakukan penghijrahan jarak jauh? || mengiktiraf habitat dan membentuk peta mental <> Apakah contoh hari pengangkut pemangsa? || ospreys dan buzzards madu", {"qas": [{"question": "What are older migrating birds better at?", "id": "5706b8810eeca41400aa0da1", "answers": [{"text": "making corrections for wind drift", "answer_start": 485}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How was the migrating of ospretys and honey buzzards tracked?", "id": "5706b8810eeca41400aa0da2", "answers": [{"text": "Satellite", "answer_start": 359}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do the birds do to successfully perform long distance migration?", "id": "5706b8810eeca41400aa0da3", "answers": [{"text": "recognize habitats and form mental maps", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are examples of day migrating raptors?", "id": "5706b8810eeca41400aa0da4", "answers": [{"text": "ospreys and honey buzzards", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The ability of birds to navigate during migrations cannot be fully explained by endogenous programming, even with the help of responses to environmental cues. The ability to successfully perform long-distance migrations can probably only be fully explained with an accounting for the cognitive ability of the birds to recognize habitats and form mental maps. Satellite tracking of day migrating raptors such as ospreys and honey buzzards has shown that older individuals are better at making corrections for wind drift."}], ["Analisis teoritis menunjukkan bahawa lencongan yang meningkatkan jarak penerbangan sehingga 20% selalunya akan menyesuaikan diri dengan alasan aerodinamik - burung yang memuatkan makanan dengan menyeberang lalat panjang yang kurang efisien. Walau bagaimanapun sesetengah spesies menunjukkan laluan bermusim litar yang mencerminkan luas perkembangan sejarah dan jauh dari segi optimum dalam segi ekologi. Contohnya adalah penghijrahan populasi benua Swainson kutus Catharus ustulatus, yang terbang jauh di seberang Amerika Utara sebelum beralih ke selatan melalui Florida untuk mencapai utara Amerika Selatan; laluan ini dipercayai sebagai akibat daripada pengembangan pelbagai yang berlaku kira-kira 10,000 tahun yang lalu. Lencongan mungkin juga disebabkan oleh keadaan angin yang berbeza, risiko predasi, atau faktor lain. <> Berapakah peratusan peningkatan jarak penerbangan selalunya akan menyesuaikan diri? || 20% <> Apa jenis burung lalat kurang efisien? || burung yang memuatkan makanan dengan makanan <> Apa jenis burung menunjukkan laluan bermusim beralih? || Swainson's thrush <> Di mana Swainson's thrush terbang dari? || jauh di timur Amerika Utara", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage increase in flight distance will often be adaptive?", "id": "5706d7150eeca41400aa0e69", "answers": [{"text": "20%", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of bird flies less efficiently?", "id": "5706d7150eeca41400aa0e6a", "answers": [{"text": "a bird that loads itself with food", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of bird show circuitous migratory routes?", "id": "5706d7150eeca41400aa0e6b", "answers": [{"text": "Swainson's thrush", "answer_start": 412}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where do Swainson's thrush fly from?", "id": "5706d7150eeca41400aa0e6c", "answers": [{"text": "far east across North America", "answer_start": 460}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Theoretical analyses show that detours that increase flight distance by up to 20% will often be adaptive on aerodynamic grounds - a bird that loads itself with food to cross a long barrier flies less efficiently. However some species show circuitous migratory routes that reflect historical range expansions and are far from optimal in ecological terms. An example is the migration of continental populations of Swainson's thrush Catharus ustulatus, which fly far east across North America before turning south via Florida to reach northern South America; this route is believed to be the consequence of a range expansion that occurred about 10,000 years ago. Detours may also be caused by differential wind conditions, predation risk, or other factors."}], ["Burung perlu mengubah metabolisme mereka untuk memenuhi tuntutan penghijrahan. Penstoran tenaga melalui pengumpulan lemak dan kawalan tidur pada pendatang malam ini memerlukan penyesuaian fisiologi khas. Di samping itu, bulu-bulu burung menderita haus-dan-air mata dan perlu disembelih. Masa molt ini - biasanya sekali setahun tetapi kadang-kadang dua kali - berbeza dengan beberapa spesies molting sebelum bergerak ke tempat musim sejuk mereka dan yang lain molting sebelum kembali ke tempat pembiakan mereka. Selain penyesuaian fisiologi, migrasi kadang-kadang memerlukan perubahan tingkah laku seperti terbang di kawanan untuk mengurangkan tenaga yang digunakan dalam penghijrahan atau risiko pemangsaan. <> Apa yang perlu ditukar burung untuk memenuhi tuntutan penghijrahan? || metabolisme mereka <> Berapa kerap burung menelan? || biasanya sekali setahun <> Bagaimana burung menyimpan tenaga? || melalui pengumpulan lemak dan kawalan tidur <> Mengapa burung perlu menggigit? || bulu burung menderita dari haus-dan-air mata <> Bilakah burung-burung gatal? || berbeza dengan sesetengah spesies", {"qas": [{"question": "What do birds need to change to meet the demands of migration?", "id": "5706c7a52eaba6190074ad02", "answers": [{"text": "their metabolism", "answer_start": 20}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How often do birds molt?", "id": "5706c7a52eaba6190074ad03", "answers": [{"text": "usually once a year", "answer_start": 338}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do birds store energy?", "id": "5706c7a52eaba6190074ad04", "answers": [{"text": "through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why do birds need to molt?", "id": "5706c7a52eaba6190074ad05", "answers": [{"text": "feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When do birds molt?", "id": "5706c7a52eaba6190074ad06", "answers": [{"text": "varies with some species", "answer_start": 380}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Birds need to alter their metabolism in order to meet the demands of migration. The storage of energy through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep in nocturnal migrants require special physiological adaptations. In addition, the feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear and require to be molted. The timing of this molt - usually once a year but sometimes twice - varies with some species molting prior to moving to their winter grounds and others molting prior to returning to their breeding grounds. Apart from physiological adaptations, migration sometimes requires behavioural changes such as flying in flocks to reduce the energy used in migration or the risk of predation."}], ["Burung bermigrasi boleh menggunakan dua alat elektromagnetik untuk mencari destinasi mereka: satu yang sepenuhnya asli dan satu lagi yang bergantung kepada pengalaman. Burung muda pada penghijrahan pertama terbang ke arah yang betul menurut medan magnet bumi, tetapi tidak tahu sejauh mana perjalanannya. Ini dilakukan melalui mekanisme pasangan radikal di mana tindak balas kimia dalam pigmen foto khas yang sensitif terhadap panjang gelombang panjang dipengaruhi oleh medan. Walaupun ini hanya berfungsi pada waktu siang, ia tidak menggunakan kedudukan matahari dengan cara apapun. Pada peringkat ini burung berada dalam kedudukan pengakap lelaki dengan kompas tetapi tidak ada peta, sehingga ia tumbuh terbiasa dengan perjalanan dan dapat meletakkan kemampuan lain untuk digunakan. Dengan pengalaman ia mempelajari pelbagai mercu tanda dan \"pemetaan\" ini dilakukan oleh magnetit dalam sistem trigeminal, yang memberitahu burung betapa kuatnya bidang itu. Kerana burung berhijrah antara kawasan utara dan selatan, kekuatan medan magnet di latitud yang berlainan biarkan ia menafsirkan mekanisme pasangan radikal dengan lebih tepat dan biarkan ia tahu ketika telah mencapai tujuannya. Terdapat sambungan saraf di antara mata dan \"Cluster N\", bahagian dari forebrain yang aktif semasa orientasi migrasi, menunjukkan bahawa burung sebenarnya dapat melihat medan magnet bumi. <> Apakah dua alat elektromagnet yang digunakan oleh burung untuk mencari destinasi mereka? || satu yang sepenuhnya asli dan satu lagi yang bergantung kepada pengalaman <> Di mana sambungan saraf yang aktif semasa migrasi terletak? || antara mata dan \"Kluster N\" <> Apakah Cluster N? || bahagian dari forebrain yang aktif semasa orientasi migrasi <> Apakah burung muda pada migrasi pertama itu berbanding? || pengakap lelaki dengan kompas tetapi tidak ada peta <> Bagaimana medan magnet membantu burung di latitud yang berlainan? || biarkan ia tahu apabila ia telah mencapai tujuannya", {"qas": [{"question": "What two electromagnetic tools do birds use to find their destinations?", "id": "5706baba2eaba6190074ac98", "answers": [{"text": "one that is entirely innate and another that relies on experience", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where is the neural connection that is active during migration located?", "id": "5706baba2eaba6190074ac99", "answers": [{"text": "between the eye and \"Cluster N\"", "answer_start": 1135}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is Cluster N?", "id": "5706baba2eaba6190074ac9a", "answers": [{"text": "the part of the forebrain that is active during migrational orientation", "answer_start": 1168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a young bird on it's first migration compared to?", "id": "5706baba2eaba6190074ac9b", "answers": [{"text": "a boy scout with a compass but no map", "answer_start": 601}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How does the magnetic field help the bird at different latitudes?", "id": "5706baba2eaba6190074ac9c", "answers": [{"text": "let it know when it has reached its destination", "answer_start": 1057}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Migratory birds may use two electromagnetic tools to find their destinations: one that is entirely innate and another that relies on experience. A young bird on its first migration flies in the correct direction according to the Earth's magnetic field, but does not know how far the journey will be. It does this through a radical pair mechanism whereby chemical reactions in special photo pigments sensitive to long wavelengths are affected by the field. Although this only works during daylight hours, it does not use the position of the sun in any way. At this stage the bird is in the position of a boy scout with a compass but no map, until it grows accustomed to the journey and can put its other capabilities to use. With experience it learns various landmarks and this \"mapping\" is done by magnetites in the trigeminal system, which tell the bird how strong the field is. Because birds migrate between northern and southern regions, the magnetic field strengths at different latitudes let it interpret the radical pair mechanism more accurately and let it know when it has reached its destination. There is a neural connection between the eye and \"Cluster N\", the part of the forebrain that is active during migrational orientation, suggesting that birds may actually be able to see the magnetic field of the earth."}], ["Sesetengah pemangsa memanfaatkan kepekatan burung ketika migrasi. Kelawar noctule yang lebih besar memberi makan pada penumpang lewat malam. Sesetengah burung mangsa menggunakan pakar wad yang berhijrah. <> Siapa yang mengambil kesempatan daripada burung yang berhijrah? || Kelawar noctule yang lebih besar <> Apa yang ada pada kelawar noctule yang lebih besar? || petang yang berhijrah pada waktu malam <> Apa yang ada dalam spesies burung? || memindahkan waders", {"qas": [{"question": "Who takes advantage of migrating birds?", "id": "5706d88c0eeca41400aa0e7b", "answers": [{"text": "Greater noctule bats", "answer_start": 78}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do greater noctule bats feed on?", "id": "5706d88c0eeca41400aa0e7c", "answers": [{"text": "nocturnal migrating passerines", "answer_start": 107}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What do some birds of prey specialize on?", "id": "5706d88c0eeca41400aa0e7d", "answers": [{"text": "migrating waders", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Some predators take advantage of the concentration of birds during migration. Greater noctule bats feed on nocturnal migrating passerines. Some birds of prey specialize on migrating waders."}], ["Perubahan iklim berskala besar, seperti yang telah dialami pada masa lalu, dijangka memberi kesan kepada masa penghijrahan. Kajian telah menunjukkan pelbagai kesan termasuk perubahan masa dalam penghijrahan, pembiakan serta variasi populasi. <> Apa yang dijangkakan akan memberi kesan pada masa penghijrahan? || perubahan iklim <> Apa yang telah diteliti mengenai perubahan iklim? || perubahan masa dalam penghijrahan <> Apa lagi perubahan iklim yang ditunjukkan untuk berubah? || pembiakan serta variasi penduduk", {"qas": [{"question": "What is expected to have an effect on migration timing?", "id": "5706d7962eaba6190074ad30", "answers": [{"text": "climatic changes", "answer_start": 12}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What have studies shown regarding climate change?", "id": "5706d7962eaba6190074ad31", "answers": [{"text": "timing changes in migration", "answer_start": 177}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What else is climate change been shown to change?", "id": "5706d7962eaba6190074ad32", "answers": [{"text": "breeding as well as population variations", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Large scale climatic changes, as have been experienced in the past, are expected to have an effect on the timing of migration. Studies have shown a variety of effects including timing changes in migration, breeding as well as population variations."}], ["Laluan penghijrahan burung telah dikaji oleh pelbagai teknik termasuk yang tertua, menandakan. Angsa telah ditandai dengan tanda pada paruh sejak sekitar 1560 di England. Dering saintifik telah dirintis oleh Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen pada tahun 1899. Teknik lain termasuk pengesanan radar dan satelit. <> Apa cara tertua untuk mengkaji migrasi? || menandakan <> Bagaimana angin ditandai? || nama samaran pada paruh <> Sejak kapan angsa telah ditanda? || 1560 <> Siapa saingan ilmiah yang dipelopori? || Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen <> Apa bentuk pengajaran migrasi lain? || radar dan pengesanan satelit", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the oldest way to study migration?", "id": "5706d9820eeca41400aa0e81", "answers": [{"text": "marking", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How have swans been marked?", "id": "5706d9820eeca41400aa0e82", "answers": [{"text": "a nick on the beak", "answer_start": 126}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Since when have swans been marked?", "id": "5706d9820eeca41400aa0e83", "answers": [{"text": "1560", "answer_start": 157}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was scientific ringing pioneered by?", "id": "5706d9820eeca41400aa0e84", "answers": [{"text": "Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen", "answer_start": 210}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are other forms of studying migration?", "id": "5706d9820eeca41400aa0e85", "answers": [{"text": "radar and satellite tracking", "answer_start": 279}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bird migration routes have been studied by a variety of techniques including the oldest, marking. Swans have been marked with a nick on the beak since about 1560 in England. Scientific ringing was pioneered by Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen in 1899. Other techniques include radar and satellite tracking."}], ["Memburu sepanjang laluan penghijrahan mengancam sesetengah spesies burung. Populasi kren Siberia (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) yang musim sejuk di India merosot kerana memburu sepanjang laluan, terutamanya di Afghanistan dan Asia Tengah. Burung terakhir dilihat di kawasan musim sejuk kegemaran mereka di Taman Negara Keoladeo pada tahun 2002. Struktur seperti talian kuasa, ladang angin dan pelantar minyak luar pesisir juga diketahui mempengaruhi burung-burung migrasi. Bahaya penghijrahan yang lain termasuk pencemaran, ribut, kebakaran hutan, dan pemusnahan habitat sepanjang laluan penghijrahan, menidakkan makanan pendatang di titik persinggahan. Sebagai contoh, di Flyway Asia-Australasia, sehingga 65% daripada habitat intertidal utama di kesesakan penghijrahan Laut Kuning telah musnah sejak tahun 1950-an. <> Apa yang mengancam sesetengah spesies burung? || Memburu sepanjang laluan penghijrahan <> Spesies apa yang merosot kerana memburu di Afghanistan dan Asia? || Kren Siberia <> Ketika burung terakhir dilihat di Taman Negara Keoladeo? || 2002 <> Apa yang boleh mempengaruhi garis kuasa, ladang angin dan pelantar minyak? || burung berhijrah <> Apa bahaya penghijrahan yang lain? || pencemaran, ribut, kebakaran hutan, dan kemusnahan habitat", {"qas": [{"question": "What threatens some bird species?", "id": "5706fac590286e26004fc791", "answers": [{"text": "Hunting along migration routes", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What species declined due to hunting in Afghanistand and Asia?", "id": "5706fac590286e26004fc792", "answers": [{"text": "Siberian cranes", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were birds last seen in Keoladeo National Park?", "id": "5706fac590286e26004fc793", "answers": [{"text": "2002", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What can power lines, wind farms and oil rigs affect?", "id": "5706fac590286e26004fc794", "answers": [{"text": "migratory birds", "answer_start": 422}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are other migration hazards?", "id": "5706fac590286e26004fc795", "answers": [{"text": "pollution, storms, wildfires, and habitat destruction", "answer_start": 471}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Hunting along migration routes threatens some bird species. The populations of Siberian cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) that wintered in India declined due to hunting along the route, particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Birds were last seen in their favourite wintering grounds in Keoladeo National Park in 2002. Structures such as power lines, wind farms and offshore oil-rigs have also been known to affect migratory birds. Other migration hazards include pollution, storms, wildfires, and habitat destruction along migration routes, denying migrants food at stopover points. For example, in the East Asian\u2013Australasian Flyway, up to 65% of key intertidal habitat at the Yellow Sea migration bottleneck has been destroyed since the 1950s."}], ["Kajian tingkah laku orientasi telah secara tradisinya dijalankan dengan menggunakan varian persediaan yang dikenali sebagai corong Emlen, yang terdiri daripada sangkar bulat dengan bahagian atas yang diliputi oleh kaca atau skrin kawat supaya kedua-dua langit kelihatan atau persediaan ditempatkan di planetarium atau dengan kawalan lain pada isyarat persekitaran. Tingkah-laku orientasi burung di dalam sangkar dikaji secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pengedaran tanda-tanda yang ditinggalkan burung di dinding sangkar. Pendekatan lain yang digunakan dalam kajian merpati burung merpati menggunakan arah di mana burung itu hilang di kaki langit. <> Bagaimana kajian tingkah laku orientasi dijalankan secara tradisional? || corong Emlen <> Apakah bentuk sangkar di corong Emlen? || pekeliling <> Apa yang dipelajari secara kuantitatif di dalam sangkar? || Tingkah laku orientasi <> Apa yang ditinggalkan burung di dinding sangkar? || tanda <> Di manakah merpati homing hilang? || di kaki langit", {"qas": [{"question": "How are orientation behavior studies traditionally carried out?", "id": "5706f6a190286e26004fc76d", "answers": [{"text": "the Emlen funnel", "answer_start": 101}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What shape is the cage in the Emlen funnel?", "id": "5706f6a190286e26004fc76e", "answers": [{"text": "circular", "answer_start": 139}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is studied quantitatively inside the cage?", "id": "5706f6a190286e26004fc76f", "answers": [{"text": "The orientation behaviour", "answer_start": 318}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the bird leave on the walls of the cage?", "id": "5706f6a190286e26004fc770", "answers": [{"text": "marks", "answer_start": 424}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where does the homing pigeon vanish?", "id": "5706f6a190286e26004fc771", "answers": [{"text": "on the horizon", "answer_start": 577}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Orientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on environmental cues. The orientation behaviour of the bird inside the cage is studied quantitatively using the distribution of marks that the bird leaves on the walls of the cage. Other approaches used in pigeon homing studies make use of the direction in which the bird vanishes on the horizon."}], ["Penghijrahan burung juga membantu pergerakan spesies lain, termasuk ectoparasites seperti kutu dan kutu, yang boleh membawa mikroorganisma termasuk kebimbangan terhadap kesihatan manusia. Oleh kerana penyebaran selesema burung global, penghijrahan burung telah dikaji sebagai mekanisme penyebaran penyakit yang mungkin, tetapi didapati tidak menunjukkan risiko khusus; import haiwan peliharaan dan burung tempatan adalah ancaman yang lebih besar. Sesetengah virus yang dikekalkan dalam burung tanpa kesan maut, seperti Virus West Nile bagaimanapun boleh disebarkan oleh burung yang berhijrah. Burung juga mungkin mempunyai peranan dalam penyebaran propagul tumbuhan dan plankton. <> Apa spesies lain yang membantu penghijrahan? || ektoparasit seperti kutu dan kutu <> Apakah ancaman penyakit yang lebih besar? || import haiwan kesayangan dan burung domestik <> Apa yang telah dikaji sebagai mekanisme penyebaran penyakit? || penghijrahan burung <> Apakah peranan dalam penyebaran propagul tumbuhan dan plankton? || Burung <> Virus apa yang dikekalkan dalam burung tanpa kesan maut? || West Nile Virus", {"qas": [{"question": "What other species does migration help?", "id": "5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e71", "answers": [{"text": "ectoparasites such as ticks and lice", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is a greater threat of disease transmission?", "id": "5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e72", "answers": [{"text": "import of pet and domestic birds", "answer_start": 384}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has been studied as a mechanism of disease transmission?", "id": "5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e73", "answers": [{"text": "bird migration", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What has a role in the dispersal of propagules of plants and plankton?", "id": "5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e74", "answers": [{"text": "Birds", "answer_start": 574}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What virus is maintained in birds without lethal effects?", "id": "5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e75", "answers": [{"text": "West Nile Virus", "answer_start": 516}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The migration of birds also aids the movement of other species, including those of ectoparasites such as ticks and lice, which in turn may carry micro-organisms including those of concern to human health. Due to the global spread of avian influenza, bird migration has been studied as a possible mechanism of disease transmission, but it has been found not to present a special risk; import of pet and domestic birds is a greater threat. Some viruses that are maintained in birds without lethal effects, such as the West Nile Virus may however be spread by migrating birds. Birds may also have a role in the dispersal of propagules of plants and plankton."}]], [["Jalan pertama yang menghubungkan bandaraya itu ke tanah besar di Pleasantville telah siap pada tahun 1870 dan dikenakan tol 30 sen. Albany Avenue adalah jalan pertama ke tanah besar yang boleh didapati tanpa tol. <> Jalan pertama yang menghubungkan Atlantic City ke mana bandar utama? || Pleasantville <> Jalan pertama yang menghubungkan Atlantic City ke daratan siap pada tahun berapa? || 1870 <> Berapakah jumlah tol dikenakan pada jalan pertama untuk menghubungkan Atlantic City ke tanah besar? || 30 sen <> Apa nama jalan pertama ke tanah besar yang tidak mengenakan tol? || Albany Avenue", {"qas": [{"question": "The first road connected Atlantic City to which mainland town?", "id": "57060ece75f01819005e791a", "answers": [{"text": "Pleasantville", "answer_start": 54}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The first road that connected Atlantic City to the mainland was completed in what year?", "id": "57060ece75f01819005e791b", "answers": [{"text": "1870", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much of a toll was charged on the first road to connect Atlantic City to the mainland?", "id": "57060ece75f01819005e791c", "answers": [{"text": "30-cent", "answer_start": 104}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the first road to the mainland that did not charge a toll?", "id": "57060ece75f01819005e791d", "answers": [{"text": "Albany Avenue", "answer_start": 118}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first road connecting the city to the mainland at Pleasantville was completed in 1870 and charged a 30-cent toll. Albany Avenue was the first road to the mainland that was available without a toll."}], ["Pada awal abad ke-20, Atlantic City melewati ledakan bangunan radikal. Banyak rumah tumpangan sederhana yang memancarkan papan lorong diganti dengan hotel-hotel besar. Dua hotel yang paling tersendiri adalah Hotel Marlborough-Blenheim dan Hotel Traymore. <> Bilakah Atlantic City melalui ledakan bangunan radikal? || bahagian awal abad ke-20 <> Apa yang menggantikan banyak rumah tumpangan sederhana? || hotel besar <> Apa nama dua hotel yang paling istimewa di bandar ini? || Hotel Marlborough-Blenheim dan Hotel Traymore <> Apa yang berlaku di Atlantic City pada awal abad ke-20? || sebuah bangunan radikal yang membosankan <> Di manakah rumah tumpangan yang sederhana sebelum mereka digantikan oleh hotel besar? || jalan kaki", {"qas": [{"question": "When did Atlantic City go through a radical building boom?", "id": "570612ce52bb891400689854", "answers": [{"text": "early part of the 20th century", "answer_start": 7}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What replaced many of the modest boarding houses? ", "id": "570612ce52bb891400689855", "answers": [{"text": "large hotels", "answer_start": 171}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the names of two of the city's most distinctive hotels?", "id": "570612ce52bb891400689856", "answers": [{"text": "Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel", "answer_start": 236}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened to Atlantic City in the early part of the 20th century?", "id": "570612ce52bb891400689857", "answers": [{"text": "a radical building boom", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where were the modest boarding houses located before they were replaced by large hotels?", "id": "570612ce52bb891400689858", "answers": [{"text": "the boardwalk", "answer_start": 138}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels. Two of the city's most distinctive hotels were the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel."}], ["Hotel Traymore terletak di sudut Illinois Avenue dan laluan pejalan kaki. Bermula pada tahun 1879 sebagai sebuah rumah tumpangan kecil, hotel itu berkembang melalui beberapa siri ekspansi yang tidak terkoordinasi. Menjelang 1914, pemilik hotel, Daniel White, mengambil petunjuk dari Marlborough-Blenheim, menugaskan firma Harga dan McLanahan untuk membina sebuah hotel yang lebih besar. Kenaikan 16 cerita, hotel tan batu dan hotel emas akan menjadi salah satu mercu tanda terkenal di bandar ini. Hotel ini menggunakan bilik-bilik hotel yang menghadap laut dengan menjatuhkan sayapnya jauh dari bahagian utama hotel di sepanjang Pacific Avenue. <> Apa nama hotel yang terletak di sudut Illinois Avenue dan laluan boardwalk? || The Traymore Hotel <> Tahun apakah Hotel Traymore bermula? || 1879 <> Siapa pemilik The Traymore Hotel? || Daniel White <> Berapa banyak cerita The Traymore Hotel selepas pengubahsuaiannya? || 16 <> Apa nama syarikat yang ditugaskan untuk membina The Traymore Hotel? || Harga dan McLanahan", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the name of the hotel located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk?", "id": "5706160975f01819005e7966", "answers": [{"text": "The Traymore Hotel", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was The Traymore Hotel begun?", "id": "5706160975f01819005e7967", "answers": [{"text": "1879", "answer_start": 92}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the owner of The Traymore Hotel?", "id": "5706160975f01819005e7968", "answers": [{"text": "Daniel White", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many stories was The Traymore Hotel after its renovation?", "id": "5706160975f01819005e7969", "answers": [{"text": "16", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the firm commissioned to build The Traymore Hotel?", "id": "5706160975f01819005e796a", "answers": [{"text": "Price and McLanahan", "answer_start": 297}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Traymore Hotel was located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk. Begun in 1879 as a small boarding house, the hotel grew through a series of uncoordinated expansions. By 1914, the hotel's owner, Daniel White, taking a hint from the Marlborough-Blenheim, commissioned the firm of Price and McLanahan to build an even bigger hotel. Rising 16 stories, the tan brick and gold-capped hotel would become one of the city's best-known landmarks. The hotel made use of ocean-facing hotel rooms by jutting its wings farther from the main portion of the hotel along Pacific Avenue."}], ["Ia terletak di Pulau Absecon, di pantai Atlantik. Atlantic City diperbadankan pada 1 Mei 1854, dari bahagian Township Egg Harbor dan Perbandaran Galloway. Bandar ini bersempadan dengan Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City dan West Atlantic City. <> Apakah nama pulau yang terletak di Atlantic City? || Pulau Absecon <> Pada tahun apakah yang diperbadankan di Atlantic City? || 1854 <> Apakah nama dua bandar yang menjadi sebahagian daripada Atlantic City apabila ia diperbadankan? || Perbandaran Egg Harbor dan Perbandaran Galloway <> Berapa banyak bandar lain berkongsi sempadan dengan Atlantic City? || Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City dan West Atlantic City <> Pantai mana yang terletak di Atlantic City? || Atlantik", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the island on which Atlantic City is located?", "id": "5706070375f01819005e78a4", "answers": [{"text": "Absecon Island", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Atlantic City incorporated?", "id": "5706070375f01819005e78a5", "answers": [{"text": "1854", "answer_start": 89}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the names of the two townships that became part of Atlantic City when it was incorporated?", "id": "5706070375f01819005e78a6", "answers": [{"text": "Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township", "answer_start": 112}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many other towns share a border with Atlantic City?", "id": "5706070375f01819005e78a7", "answers": [{"text": "Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which coast is Atlantic City located on?", "id": "5706070375f01819005e78a8", "answers": [{"text": "Atlantic", "answer_start": 32}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "It is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City."}], ["Kerana lokasinya di Jersey Selatan, memeluk Lautan Atlantik di antara rawa-rawa dan pulau-pulau, Atlantic City dilihat oleh pemaju sebagai harta utama dan bandar peranginan yang berpotensi. Pada tahun 1853, hotel komersil pertama, The Belloe House, yang terletak di Massachusetts dan Atlantic Avenue, telah dibina. <> Apakah nama hotel komersil pertama yang dibina di Atlantic City? || The Belloe House <> Pada tahun apakah hotel komersil pertama yang dibina di Atlantic City? || 1853 <> Apakah nama dua tempat di mana The Belloe House terletak? || Massachusetts dan Atlantic Avenue <> Apakah dua ciri geografi yang terdapat di Atlantic City? || rawa dan pulau <> Apakah dua aspek potensi Atlantic City yang pada awalnya menarik para pengembang? || hartanah utama dan bandar peranginan yang berpotensi", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the name of the first commercial hotel built in Atlantic City?", "id": "5706099a52bb8914006897e8", "answers": [{"text": "The Belloe House", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was the first commercial hotel built in Atlantic City?", "id": "5706099a52bb8914006897e9", "answers": [{"text": "1853", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the names of the two avenues at which The Belloe House is located?", "id": "5706099a52bb8914006897ea", "answers": [{"text": "Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue", "answer_start": 255}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the two geographical features that Atlantic City is located between?", "id": "5706099a52bb8914006897eb", "answers": [{"text": "marshlands and islands", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the two potential aspects of Atlantic City that originally attracted developers? ", "id": "5706099a52bb8914006897ec", "answers": [{"text": "prime real estate and a potential resort town", "answer_start": 142}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Because of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue, was built."}], ["Jalan boardwalk pertama dibina pada tahun 1870 di sepanjang sebahagian pantai dalam usaha untuk membantu para pemilik hotel menghilangkan pasir dari lobi mereka. Perniagaan adalah terhad dan laluan laluan laluan keluar setiap tahun pada akhir musim puncak. Kerana keberkesanannya dan popularitinya, jalur jalan kaki itu diperluas panjang dan lebar, dan diubahsuai beberapa kali pada tahun-tahun berikutnya. Panjang bersejarah boardwalk, sebelum tahun 1944 Great Atlantic Hurricane yang merosakkan, adalah kira-kira 7 km (11 km) dan dilanjutkan dari Atlantic City ke Longport, melalui Ventnor dan Margate. <> Pada tahun apakah jalur pertama yang dibina di Atlantic City? || 1870 <> Mengapa jalur laluan pertama dibina di Atlantic City? || untuk membantu para pemilik hotel untuk menghilangkan pasir daripada lobi mereka <> Tahun apakah Badai Atlantik Besar? || 1944 <> Apakah tempoh bersejarah jalur pantai sebelum Badai Atlantik Besar? || kira-kira 7 batu <> Sebelum Badai Atlantik Besar, laluan bas itu dilanjutkan dari Atlantic City ke bandar lain? || Longport", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was the first boardwalk built in Atlantic City?", "id": "57060d1275f01819005e78fc", "answers": [{"text": "1870", "answer_start": 33}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why was the first boardwalk built in Atlantic City?", "id": "57060d1275f01819005e78fd", "answers": [{"text": "to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies", "answer_start": 80}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was the Great Atlantic Hurricane?", "id": "57060d1275f01819005e78fe", "answers": [{"text": "1944", "answer_start": 433}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the historic length of the boardwalk before the Great Atlantic Hurricane?", "id": "57060d1275f01819005e78ff", "answers": [{"text": "about 7 miles", "answer_start": 468}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Before the Great Atlantic Hurricane the boardwalk extended from Atlantic City to what other city?", "id": "57060d1275f01819005e7900", "answers": [{"text": "Longport", "answer_start": 528}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season. Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardwalk was expanded in length and width, and modified several times in subsequent years. The historic length of the boardwalk, before the destructive 1944 Great Atlantic Hurricane, was about 7 miles (11 km) and it extended from Atlantic City to Longport, through Ventnor and Margate."}], ["Pada tahun 1903, Josiah White III membeli sebidang tanah berhampiran Ohio Avenue dan jalan kaki dan membina gaya Queen Anne gaya Marlborough House. Hotel ini dipukul dan, pada tahun 1905-06, beliau memilih untuk mengembangkan hotel dan membeli sebidang tanah lain di sebelah Rumah Marlboroughnya. Dalam usaha untuk menjadikan hotel barunya sebagai sumber perbualan, White mengupah firma arkitek Harga dan McLanahan. Firma itu menggunakan konkrit bertetulang, bahan bangunan baru dicipta oleh Jean-Louis Lambot pada tahun 1848 (Joseph Monier menerima paten pada tahun 1867). Tema-tema Sepanyol dan Moorish hotel, yang ditutup dengan kubah tandatangan dan cerobong asap, merupakan langkah ke hadapan dari hotel-hotel lain yang mempunyai pengaruh yang direka secara klasik. White menamakan hotel baru Blenheim dan menggabungkan dua hotel ke Marlborough-Blenheim. Bally Atlantic City kemudian dibina di lokasi ini. <> Dalam tahun apakah Josiah White III dengan tanah untuk membina sebuah hotel? || 1903 <> Apa nama hotel yang dibina oleh Josiah White III? || Marlborough House <> Dalam apa gaya rumah Malborough? || Queen Anne <> Dalam tahun apakah beton bertetulang dicipta? || 1848 <> Apa nama hotel kedua yang dibina oleh Josiah White III? || Blenheim", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Josiah White III by land to build a hotel?", "id": "5706143352bb891400689876", "answers": [{"text": "1903", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the hotel built by Josiah White III?", "id": "5706143352bb891400689877", "answers": [{"text": "Marlborough House", "answer_start": 116}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what style was the Malborough House buit?", "id": "5706143352bb891400689878", "answers": [{"text": "Queen Anne", "answer_start": 99}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was reinforced concrete invented?", "id": "5706143352bb891400689879", "answers": [{"text": "1848", "answer_start": 490}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the second hotel built by Josiah White III?", "id": "5706143352bb89140068987a", "answers": [{"text": "Blenheim", "answer_start": 747}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1903, Josiah White III bought a parcel of land near Ohio Avenue and the boardwalk and built the Queen Anne style Marlborough House. The hotel was a hit and, in 1905\u201306, he chose to expand the hotel and bought another parcel of land next door to his Marlborough House. In an effort to make his new hotel a source of conversation, White hired the architectural firm of Price and McLanahan. The firm made use of reinforced concrete, a new building material invented by Jean-Louis Lambot in 1848 (Joseph Monier received the patent in 1867). The hotel's Spanish and Moorish themes, capped off with its signature dome and chimneys, represented a step forward from other hotels that had a classically designed influence. White named the new hotel the Blenheim and merged the two hotels into the Marlborough-Blenheim. Bally's Atlantic City was later constructed at this location."}], ["Satu demi satu, hotel-hotel besar tambahan dibina di sepanjang laluan jalan, termasuk Brighton, Chelsea, Shelburne, Duta Besar, Ritz Carlton, Mayflower, Madison House, dan Breakers. Rumah Chalfonte milik Quaker, dibuka pada tahun 1868, dan Haddon House, dibuka pada tahun 1869, diapit North Carolina Avenue di hujung pantai. Struktur kayu asli mereka akan diperbesarkan, dan malah bergerak lebih dekat ke pantai, selama bertahun-tahun. Chalfonte Hotel moden, lapan bilik tingginya, dibuka pada tahun 1904. Dewan Haddon moden dibina secara berperingkat-peringkat dan disiapkan pada tahun 1929, pada sebelas cerita. Pada masa ini, mereka berada di bawah pemilikan yang sama dan bergabung dengan Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel, menjadi hotel terbesar di bandar ini dengan hampir 1,000 bilik. Menjelang tahun 1930, Claridge, hotel besar terakhir di dunia sebelum kasino, membuka pintunya. Claridge 400 bilik dibina oleh perkongsian yang termasuk kontraktor Philadelphia terkenal John McShain. Pada 24 cerita, ia akan dikenali sebagai \"Skyscraper By The Sea.\" Bandar ini dikenali sebagai \"Taman Permainan Dunia. <> Tahun berapakah rumah Chalfonte milik Quaker dibuka? || 1868 <> Tahun berapakah rumah Haddon terbuka? || 1869 <> Berapa banyak cerita adalah Chalfonte Hotel moden ketika dibuka pada tahun 1904? | lapan <> Berapa banyak bilik di Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel yang digabungkan? || hampir 1,000 <> Apa nama yang diberikan kepada 24 tingkat tinggi, 400 bilik Claridge? || Skyscraper By Laut", {"qas": [{"question": "What year did the Quaker-owned Chalfonte House open?", "id": "5706176852bb89140068989a", "answers": [{"text": "1868", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did the Haddon House open?", "id": "5706176852bb89140068989b", "answers": [{"text": "1869", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many stories was the modern Chalfonte Hotel when it opened in 1904?", "id": "5706176852bb89140068989c", "answers": [{"text": "eight", "answer_start": 456}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many rooms were in the merged Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel?", "id": "5706176852bb89140068989d", "answers": [{"text": "nearly 1,000", "answer_start": 718}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name given to the 24 story tall, 400-room Claridge?", "id": "5706176852bb89140068989e", "answers": [{"text": "Skyscraper By The Sea", "answer_start": 982}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "One by one, additional large hotels were constructed along the boardwalk, including the Brighton, Chelsea, Shelburne, Ambassador, Ritz Carlton, Mayflower, Madison House, and the Breakers. The Quaker-owned Chalfonte House, opened in 1868, and Haddon House, opened in 1869, flanked North Carolina Avenue at the beach end. Their original wood-frame structures would be enlarged, and even moved closer to the beach, over the years. The modern Chalfonte Hotel, eight stories tall, opened in 1904. The modern Haddon Hall was built in stages and was completed in 1929, at eleven stories. By this time, they were under the same ownership and merged into the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel, becoming the city's largest hotel with nearly 1,000 rooms. By 1930, the Claridge, the city's last large hotel before the casinos, opened its doors. The 400-room Claridge was built by a partnership that included renowned Philadelphia contractor John McShain. At 24 stories, it would become known as the \"Skyscraper By The Sea.\" The city became known as the \"The World's Playground."}], ["Menjelang tahun 1878, kerana populariti bandar semakin meningkat, satu laluan kereta api tidak lagi dapat memenuhi permintaan. Tidak lama kemudian, Philadelphia dan Atlantic City Railway juga dibina untuk mengangkut pelancong ke Atlantic City. Pada masa ini hotel-hotel besar seperti Amerika Syarikat dan Surf House, serta rumah pangsa kecil, telah muncul di seluruh bandar. Hotel Amerika Syarikat mengambil blok bandar penuh di antara Atlantic, Pacific, Delaware, dan Maryland Avenues. Hotel-hotel ini tidak hanya mengesankan, tetapi menampilkan kemudahan yang paling terkini, dan dianggap agak mewah untuk masa mereka. <> Dengan tahun apa permintaan begitu besar sehingga satu jalur kereta api tidak lagi dapat memenuhi permintaan? || 1878 <> Apa nama kereta api baru yang dibina untuk mengangkut pelancong ke Atlantic City selepas tahun 1878? || Philadelphia dan Kereta Api Atlantic City <> Apakah nama hotel yang mengambil blok kota penuh? || Hotel Amerika Syarikat <> Selain hotel besar-besaran, apa lagi yang muncul di seluruh Atlantic City dalam tempoh ini? || rumah pangsa <> Apakah nama-nama dari empat jalan yang mengelilingi Hotel Amerika Syarikat? || Atlantik, Pasifik, Delaware, dan Maryland", {"qas": [{"question": "By what year was demand so great that one railroad line could no longer keep up with the demand?", "id": "5706109452bb891400689842", "answers": [{"text": "1878", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the new railway that was constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City after 1878?", "id": "5706109452bb891400689843", "answers": [{"text": "Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway", "answer_start": 121}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the hotel that took up a full city block?", "id": "5706109452bb891400689844", "answers": [{"text": "The United States Hotel", "answer_start": 353}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides massive hotels, what else was appearing all over Atlantic City during this period?", "id": "5706109452bb891400689845", "answers": [{"text": "rooming houses", "answer_start": 308}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the names of the four avenues that surrounded The United States Hotel?", "id": "5706109452bb891400689846", "answers": [{"text": "Atlantic, Pacific, Delaware, and Maryland Avenues", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf House, as well as smaller rooming houses, had sprung up all over town. The United States Hotel took up a full city block between Atlantic, Pacific, Delaware, and Maryland Avenues. These hotels were not only impressive in size, but featured the most updated amenities, and were considered quite luxurious for their time."}], ["Bandar ini diperbadankan pada 1854, tahun yang sama di mana perkhidmatan kereta api Camden dan Atlantic Railroad bermula. Dibina di pinggir teluk, ini berkhidmat sebagai pautan terus dari kawasan tanah terpencil ini dengan Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pada tahun yang sama, pembinaan Rumah Api Absecon, yang direka oleh George Meade daripada Kor Jurutera Topografi, telah diluluskan, dengan kerja yang dimulakan pada tahun hadapan. Menjelang 1874, hampir 500,000 penumpang setahun telah datang ke Atlantic City dengan kereta api. Dalam Empire Boardwalk: Kelahiran, Times Tinggi, dan Rasuah Kota Atlantik, \"Godfather Atlantic City\" Nelson Johnson menggambarkan inspirasi Dr. Jonathan Pitney (\"Bapa Kota Atlantik\") untuk membangunkan Atlantic City sebagai pusat kesihatan, usaha untuk meyakinkan pihak berkuasa perbandaran bahawa sebuah kereta api ke pantai akan bermanfaat, persekutuannya yang berjaya dengan Samuel Richards (ahli perniagaan dan anggota keluarga paling berpengaruh di selatan New Jersey pada masa itu) untuk mencapai matlamat itu, bangunan sebenar kereta api , dan pengalaman 600 penunggang yang pertama, yang \"dipilih dengan teliti oleh Samuel Richards dan Jonathan Pitney\": <> Apa bandar AS lain dikaitkan dengan Atlantic City oleh perkhidmatan kereta api Camden dan Atlantic Railroad? || Philadelphia <> Pada tahun 1874, berapa ramai penumpang datang ke Atlantic City dengan kereta api setiap tahun? || 500,000 <> Apa nama rumah api yang terletak di pantai Atlantik? || Absecon Lighthouse <> Siapa yang dianggap sebagai \"Godfather Atlantic City?\" || Nelson Johnson", {"qas": [{"question": "What other US city was linked to Atlantic City by the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service?", "id": "57060b8852bb8914006897ff", "answers": [{"text": "Philadelphia", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "By 1874, how many passengers were coming to Atlantic City by rail each year?", "id": "57060b8852bb891400689800", "answers": [{"text": "500,000", "answer_start": 423}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the lighthouse that is located on the Atlantic City coast?", "id": "57060b8852bb891400689801", "answers": [{"text": "Absecon Lighthouse", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who is considered to be \"Atlantic City's Godfather?\"", "id": "57060b8852bb891400689802", "answers": [{"text": "Nelson Johnson", "answer_start": 592}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city was incorporated in 1854, the same year in which the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service began. Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the direct link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighthouse, designed by George Meade of the Corps of Topographical Engineers, was approved, with work initiated the next year. By 1874, almost 500,000 passengers a year were coming to Atlantic City by rail. In Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City, \"Atlantic City's Godfather\" Nelson Johnson describes the inspiration of Dr. Jonathan Pitney (the \"Father of Atlantic City\") to develop Atlantic City as a health resort, his efforts to convince the municipal authorities that a railroad to the beach would be beneficial, his successful alliance with Samuel Richards (entrepreneur and member of the most influential family in southern New Jersey at the time) to achieve that goal, the actual building of the railroad, and the experience of the first 600 riders, who \"were chosen carefully by Samuel Richards and Jonathan Pitney\":"}], ["Walaupun rancangan Wynn untuk pembangunan di bandar itu dibatalkan pada tahun 2002, terowong itu dibuka pada tahun 2001. Jalan baru itu menggesa Boyd Gaming dengan kerjasama MGM / Mirage untuk membina kasino terbaru di Atlantic City. Borgata dibuka pada bulan Julai 2003, dan kejayaannya membawa kemasukan pemaju ke Atlantic City dengan rancangan untuk membina kasino mega gaya Las Vegas untuk memulihkan bandar yang semakin tua. <> Dalam tahun berapa terowong terbuka? || 2001 <> Apa nama kasino terbaru Atlantic City? || The Borgata <> Kapan The Borgata dibuka? || Julai 2003 <> Pada tahun berapa rancangan Wynn untuk pembangunan dibatalkan? || 2002 <> Jalan baru mendorong perkongsian antara dua syarikat? || Boyd Gaming dengan kerjasama MGM / Mirage", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did the tunnel open?", "id": "57062f3952bb891400689946", "answers": [{"text": "2001", "answer_start": 94}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Atlantic City's newest casino?", "id": "57062f3952bb891400689947", "answers": [{"text": "The Borgata", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did The Borgata open?", "id": "57062f3952bb891400689948", "answers": [{"text": "July 2003", "answer_start": 230}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was Wynn's plans for development scrapped?", "id": "57062f3952bb891400689949", "answers": [{"text": "2002", "answer_start": 67}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The new roadway prompted a partnership between which two companies?", "id": "57062f3952bb89140068994a", "answers": [{"text": "Boyd Gaming in partnership with MGM/Mirage", "answer_start": 125}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Although Wynn's plans for development in the city were scrapped in 2002, the tunnel opened in 2001. The new roadway prompted Boyd Gaming in partnership with MGM/Mirage to build Atlantic City's newest casino. The Borgata opened in July 2003, and its success brought an influx of developers to Atlantic City with plans for building grand Las Vegas style mega casinos to revitalize the aging city."}], ["Pada tahun 1883, air garam ditanam di Atlantic City oleh David Bradley. Kisah tradisional ialah kedai Bradley dibanjiri selepas ribut besar, merendam airnya dengan air laut Lautan Atlantik. Dia menjual beberapa \"air garam\" kepada seorang gadis, yang dengan bangga berjalan ke pantai untuk menunjukkan teman-temannya. Ibu Bradley berada di belakang kedai ketika penjualan dibuat, dan menyukai nama itu, dan begitu banyak air garam dilahirkan. <> Dalam tahun apakah air mancur mengandung? || 1883 <> Siapa pencipta air garam? || David Bradley <> Apa yang berlaku kepada kedai David Bradley yang menyebabkan penciptaan air garam? || Kedai Bradley dibanjiri selepas ribut besar <> Siapa yang Bradley menjual air garam untuk pertama kalinya? || seorang gadis <Di manakah air berasal dari penciptaan air garam pertama? || lautan Atlantik", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year was salt water taffy conceived?", "id": "5706195175f01819005e797a", "answers": [{"text": "1883", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the creator of salt water taffy?", "id": "5706195175f01819005e797b", "answers": [{"text": "David Bradley", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened to David Bradley's shop that led to the creation of salt water taffy?", "id": "5706195175f01819005e797c", "answers": [{"text": "Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Bradley sell salt water taffy to for the first time?", "id": "5706195175f01819005e797d", "answers": [{"text": "a girl", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where did the water come from for the creation of the first salt water taffy?", "id": "5706195175f01819005e797e", "answers": [{"text": "Atlantic Ocean", "answer_start": 182}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 1883, salt water taffy was conceived in Atlantic City by David Bradley. The traditional story is that Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm, soaking his taffy with salty Atlantic Ocean water. He sold some \"salt water taffy\" to a girl, who proudly walked down to the beach to show her friends. Bradley's mother was in the back of the store when the sale was made, and loved the name, and so salt water taffy was born."}], ["Bandar ini menganjurkan Konvensyen Nasional 1964 Demokratik yang mencalonkan Lyndon Johnson untuk Presiden dan Hubert Humphrey sebagai Wakil Presiden. Konvensyen dan liputan akhbar yang dihasilkannya, bagaimanapun, menimbulkan cahaya yang keras di Atlantic City, yang kemudiannya berada di tengah-tengah masa yang panjang penurunan ekonomi. Ramai merasakan persahabatan antara Johnson dan Gabenor New Jersey Richard J. Hughes mengetuai Atlantic City untuk menjadi tuan rumah Konvensyen Demokratik. <> Acara apa yang dihoskan oleh Atlantic City pada tahun 1964? || Konvensyen Nasional Demokratik <> Yang telah dicalonkan sebagai Presiden semasa Konvensyen Nasional 1964 Demokratik? || Lyndon Johnson <> Yang telah dicalonkan sebagai Naib Presiden semasa Konvensyen Nasional 1964 Demokratik? || Hubert Humphrey <> Siapa Gabenor New Jersey pada tahun 1964? || Richard J. Hughes <> Walaupun berada di tengah-tengah masa penurunan ekonomi yang panjang banyak yang merasakan Konvensyen itu hanya diadakan di kota Atlantik kerana persahabatan antara dua orang lelaki? || Johnson dan Gabenor New Jersey Richard J. Hughes", {"qas": [{"question": "What event was hosted by Atlantic City in 1964?", "id": "5706268775f01819005e7a00", "answers": [{"text": "Democratic National Convention", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was nominated for President during the 1964 Democratic National Convention?", "id": "5706268775f01819005e7a01", "answers": [{"text": "Lyndon Johnson", "answer_start": 72}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was nominated for Vice President during the 1964 Democratic National Convention?", "id": "5706268775f01819005e7a02", "answers": [{"text": "Hubert Humphrey", "answer_start": 105}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was the Governor of New Jersey in 1964?", "id": "5706268775f01819005e7a03", "answers": [{"text": "Richard J. Hughes", "answer_start": 380}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Despite being in the midst of a long period of economic decline many felt that the Convention was only held in Atlantic city because of a friendship between what two men?", "id": "5706268775f01819005e7a04", "answers": [{"text": "Johnson and Governor of New Jersey Richard J. Hughes", "answer_start": 345}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The city hosted the 1964 Democratic National Convention which nominated Lyndon Johnson for President and Hubert Humphrey as Vice President. The convention and the press coverage it generated, however, cast a harsh light on Atlantic City, which by then was in the midst of a long period of economic decline. Many felt that the friendship between Johnson and Governor of New Jersey Richard J. Hughes led Atlantic City to host the Democratic Convention."}], ["Dari 13 Mei hingga 16 Mei 1929, Johnson menganjurkan satu persidangan untuk tokoh jenayah terancang dari seluruh Amerika. Orang-orang yang memanggil mesyuarat ini ialah Leftenan keluarga bernama Charles \"Lucky\" Luciano dan bekas pengurus geng Chicago South Side Johnny \"the Fox\" Torrio, dengan kepala Bugs dan Meyer Mob, Meyer Lansky dan Benjamin Siegel, digunakan sebagai otot untuk mesyuarat. <> Siapa mesyuarat yang dianjurkan pada tahun 1929 di Atlantic City? || angka jenayah terancang dari seluruh Amerika Syarikat <> Apa keluarga Charles || Charles \"Lucky\" Luciano dan bekas pengurus geng Chicago South Side Johnny \"the Fox\" Torrio <> Pada tahun apa ada persidangan untuk tokoh jenayah terancang di Atlantic City? || 1929 <> Untuk keluarga mana yang bernama Charles \"Lucky\" Luciano seorang letnan? || Keluarga Masseria <> Apakah nama panggilan Johnny Torrio itu? || the Fox <> Apa nama panggilan Charles Luciano? || Lucky <> Siapa bekas bos Gang South Chicago? || Johnny \"the Fox\" Torrio", {"qas": [{"question": "Who was a meeting organized for in 1929 in Atlantic City?", "id": "5706201b52bb8914006898d4", "answers": [{"text": "organized crime figures from all across America", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What family was Charles ", "id": "5706201b52bb8914006898d5", "answers": [{"text": "Charles \"Lucky\" Luciano and former Chicago South Side Gang boss Johnny \"the Fox\" Torrio", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year was there a conference for organized crime figures in Atlantic City?", "id": "570621a675f01819005e79d4", "answers": [{"text": "1929", "answer_start": 25}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For which family was Charles \"Lucky\" Luciano a lieutenant?", "id": "570621a675f01819005e79d5", "answers": [{"text": "Masseria family", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Johnny Torrio's nickname?", "id": "570621a675f01819005e79d6", "answers": [{"text": "the Fox", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was Charles Luciano's nickname?", "id": "570621a675f01819005e79d7", "answers": [{"text": "Lucky", "answer_start": 185}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was a former Chicago South Side Gang boss?", "id": "570621a675f01819005e79d8", "answers": [{"text": "Johnny \"the Fox\" Torrio", "answer_start": 240}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "From May 13 to May 16 in 1929, Johnson hosted a conference for organized crime figures from all across America. The men who called this meeting were Masseria family lieutenant Charles \"Lucky\" Luciano and former Chicago South Side Gang boss Johnny \"the Fox\" Torrio, with heads of the Bugs and Meyer Mob, Meyer Lansky and Benjamin Siegel, being used as muscle for the meeting."}], ["Tahun 1920-an, dengan pelancongan pada puncaknya, dianggap oleh ramai ahli sejarah sebagai zaman kegemilangan Atlantic City. Semasa Larangan, yang digubal secara nasional pada tahun 1919 dan berlangsung sehingga 1933, banyak minuman keras yang digunakan dan perjudian secara kerap berlaku di bilik belakang kelab malam dan restoran. Ia adalah semasa Larangan bahawa penentang dan bos politik Enoch L. \"Nucky\" Johnson meningkat menjadi kuasa. Larangan itu sebahagian besarnya tidak diperkenankan di Atlantic City, dan, kerana alkohol yang telah diseludup ke bandar dengan persetujuan pegawai-pegawai tempatan boleh diperolehi di restoran dan pertubuhan lain, populariti resort semakin meningkat. Bandar itu kemudian dikenali sebagai \"Taman Permainan Dunia\". Pendapatan Nucky Johnson, yang mencecah $ 500,000 setiap tahun, berasal dari sogokan yang dia ambil dalam liquor haram, perjudian dan pelacuran yang beroperasi di bandar, serta dari sogokan pada projek pembinaan. <> Berapa tahun ahli sejarah menganggap zaman kegemilangan Atlantic City? || 1920-an <> Tahun berapa larangan digubal secara nasional? || 1919 <> Semasa Larangan apa nama diberikan kepada Atlantic City? || The Playground World <> Semasa Larangan berapa tinggi pendapatan Nucky Johnson? || sebanyak $ 500,000 setahun <> Berapa lamakah Larangan terakhir? || sehingga tahun 1933", {"qas": [{"question": "What years do many historians consider Atlantic City's golden age?", "id": "57061add52bb8914006898ae", "answers": [{"text": "1920s", "answer_start": 4}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Prohibition enacted nationally?", "id": "57061add52bb8914006898af", "answers": [{"text": "1919", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During Prohibition what name was given to Atlantic City?", "id": "57061add52bb8914006898b0", "answers": [{"text": "The World's Playground", "answer_start": 679}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During Prohibition how high was Nucky Johnson's income?", "id": "57061add52bb8914006898b1", "answers": [{"text": "as much as $500,000 annually", "answer_start": 742}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long did Prohibition last?", "id": "57061add52bb8914006898b2", "answers": [{"text": "until 1933", "answer_start": 170}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The 1920s, with tourism at its peak, are considered by many historians as Atlantic City's golden age. During Prohibition, which was enacted nationally in 1919 and lasted until 1933, much liquor was consumed and gambling regularly took place in the back rooms of nightclubs and restaurants. It was during Prohibition that racketeer and political boss Enoch L. \"Nucky\" Johnson rose to power. Prohibition was largely unenforced in Atlantic City, and, because alcohol that had been smuggled into the city with the acquiescence of local officials could be readily obtained at restaurants and other establishments, the resort's popularity grew further. The city then dubbed itself as \"The World's Playground\". Nucky Johnson's income, which reached as much as $500,000 annually, came from the kickbacks he took on illegal liquor, gambling and prostitution operating in the city, as well as from kickbacks on construction projects."}], ["Dengan pembangunan semula Las Vegas dan pembukaan dua kasino di Connecticut pada awal tahun 1990an, bersama dengan kasino yang baru dibina di kawasan Metro Philadelphia yang berdekatan pada 2000-an, pelancongan Atlantic City mula merosot kerana kegagalannya mempelbagaikan permainan. Bertekad untuk berkembang, pada tahun 1999, Pihak Berkuasa Pembangunan Luar Bandar Atlantic bekerjasama dengan mogul kasino Las Vegas Steve Wynn untuk membangunkan jalan baru ke bahagian yang tandus di bandar berhampiran Marina. Digelar \"Projek Terowong\", Steve Wynn merancang cadangan 'Mirage Atlantic City' di sekitar idea bahawa dia akan menghubungkan terowongan $ 330 juta yang membentang 2.5 batu (4.0 km) dari Atlantic City Expressway ke resort barunya. Jalan raya kemudiannya secara rasmi dinamakan Penyambung Atlantic City-Brigantine, dan melancarkan lalu lintas masuk dari lebuh raya ke daerah marina bandar dan Brigantine, New Jersey. <> Pelancongan Atlantic City mula merosot akibat kegagalan apa? || untuk mempelbagaikan diri dari permainan <> Siapa yang menjadi rakan kongsi Pihak Berkuasa Pembangunan Redaksi Atlantik pada tahun 1999? || Steve Wynn <> Mengapa rakan kongsi Pihak Berkuasa Pembangunan Atlantik City dengan Steve Wynn? || untuk membangunkan jalan baru <> Apakah projek yang melibatkan Steve Wynn digelar? || Projek Terowong <> \"Projek Terowong\" kemudian dinamakan secara rasmi apa? || Penyambung Atlantic City-Brigantine", {"qas": [{"question": "Atlantic City's tourism began to decline due to what failure?", "id": "57062dc675f01819005e7a28", "answers": [{"text": "to diversify away from gaming", "answer_start": 245}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partner with in 1999?", "id": "57062dc675f01819005e7a29", "answers": [{"text": "Steve Wynn", "answer_start": 386}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partner with Steve Wynn?", "id": "57062dc675f01819005e7a2a", "answers": [{"text": "to develop a new roadway", "answer_start": 397}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the project involving Steve Wynn nicknamed?", "id": "57062dc675f01819005e7a2b", "answers": [{"text": "The Tunnel Project", "answer_start": 482}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "\"The Tunnel Project\" was later officially named what?", "id": "57062dc675f01819005e7a2c", "answers": [{"text": "Atlantic City-Brigantine Connector", "answer_start": 746}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "With the redevelopment of Las Vegas and the opening of two casinos in Connecticut in the early 1990s, along with newly built casinos in the nearby Philadelphia metro area in the 2000s, Atlantic City's tourism began to decline due to its failure to diversify away from gaming. Determined to expand, in 1999 the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partnered with Las Vegas casino mogul Steve Wynn to develop a new roadway to a barren section of the city near the Marina. Nicknamed \"The Tunnel Project\", Steve Wynn planned the proposed 'Mirage Atlantic City' around the idea that he would connect the $330 million tunnel stretching 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from the Atlantic City Expressway to his new resort. The roadway was later officially named the Atlantic City-Brigantine Connector, and funnels incoming traffic off of the expressway into the city's marina district and Brigantine, New Jersey."}], ["Pada masa ini, Atlantic City berada di bawah pemerintahan kedewasaan Edward L. Bader, yang terkenal atas sumbangannya terhadap pembinaan, olahraga dan penerbangan Atlantic City. Walaupun pembangkang banyak yang lain, beliau membeli tanah yang menjadi lapangan terbang perbandaran bandar dan stadium bola sepak sekolah tinggi, kedua-duanya kemudiannya dinamakan Bader Field sebagai penghormatannya. Beliau mengetuai inisiatif, pada tahun 1923, untuk membina Sekolah Tinggi Atlantik City di Albany dan Atlantic Avenues. Bader, pada bulan November 1923, memulakan satu referendum awam, semasa pemilihan umum, di mana penduduk meluluskan pembinaan Pusat Konvensyen. Bandar ini meluluskan satu peraturan yang meluluskan satu terbitan bon untuk $ 1.5 juta untuk digunakan untuk pembelian tanah untuk Dewan Konvensyen, yang kini dikenali sebagai Boardwalk Hall, yang dimuktamadkan 30 September 1924. Bader juga merupakan penggerak di sebalik penciptaan Miss America persaingan. <> Semasa tahun 1920-an, yang mana Datuk Bandar Atlantic City? || Edward L. Bader <> Apa tiga sumbangan untuk Atlantic City adalah Edward L. Bader? || pembinaan, olahraga dan penerbangan <> Berapa tahun Edward L. Bader memimpin inisiatif untuk membina Sekolah Tinggi Atlantic City? || 1923 <> Berapakah bon yang digunakan untuk membeli tanah untuk Pusat Konvensyen? || $ 1.5 juta <> Berapa tahun Dewan Hallwalk selesai? || 1924", {"qas": [{"question": "During the 1920s, who was the mayor of Atlantic City?", "id": "57061efb52bb8914006898ca", "answers": [{"text": "Edward L. Bader", "answer_start": 63}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What three contributions to Atlantic City was Edward L. Bader known for?", "id": "57061efb52bb8914006898cb", "answers": [{"text": "construction, athletics and aviation", "answer_start": 115}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Edward L. Bader lead the initiative to construct the Atlantic City High School?", "id": "57061efb52bb8914006898cc", "answers": [{"text": "1923", "answer_start": 385}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much was the bond for that was to be used to purchase land for a Convention Center?", "id": "57061efb52bb8914006898cd", "answers": [{"text": "$1.5 million", "answer_start": 681}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year was Boardwalk Hall finished?", "id": "57061efb52bb8914006898ce", "answers": [{"text": "1924", "answer_start": 808}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During this time, Atlantic City was under the mayoral reign of Edward L. Bader, known for his contributions to the construction, athletics and aviation of Atlantic City. Despite the opposition of many others, he purchased land that became the city's municipal airport and high school football stadium, both of which were later named Bader Field in his honor. He led the initiative, in 1923, to construct the Atlantic City High School at Albany and Atlantic Avenues. Bader, in November 1923, initiated a public referendum, during the general election, at which time residents approved the construction of a Convention Center. The city passed an ordinance approving a bond issue for $1.5 million to be used for the purchase of land for Convention Hall, now known as the Boardwalk Hall, finalized September 30, 1924. Bader was also a driving force behind the creation of the Miss America competition."}], ["Menjelang akhir tahun 1960-an, banyak hotel-hotel yang pernah ditemui di resort itu mengalami kadar kekosongan yang memalukan. Kebanyakan mereka sama ada ditutup, ditukar kepada pangsapuri murah, atau ditukar kepada kemudahan rumah kejururawatan menjelang akhir dekad. Sebelum dan semasa kedatangan permainan yang sah, banyak hotel-hotel tersebut telah dirobohkan. Pemecah, Chelsea, Brighton, Shelburne, Mayflower, Traymore, dan Marlborough-Blenheim telah dirobohkan pada tahun 1970-an dan 1980-an. Dari banyak pusat peranginan pra-kasino yang bersempadan dengan boardwalk, hanya Claridge, Dennis, Ritz-Carlton, dan Haddon Hall bertahan hingga ke hari ini sebagai sebahagian daripada Atlantic City Bally, kompleks kondominium, dan Resorts Atlantic City. Ambassador lama Hotel telah dibeli oleh Ramada pada tahun 1978 dan terpaksa menjadi Casino Tropicana dan Resort Atlantic City, hanya menggunakan semula bangunan keluli bangunan asal. Hotel yang lebih kecil di luar laluan jalan raya, seperti Madison juga terselamat. <> Pada tahun berapa banyak hotel-hotel hebat yang mengalami kadar kekosongan yang tinggi? || akhir 1960-an <> Sebelum dan ketika kedatangan permainan yang sah, apa yang terjadi pada banyak hotel di Atlantic City? || dirobohkan <> Bilakah banyak hotel besar dirobohkan? || 1970-an dan 1980-an <Selepas Hotel Ambassador telah menyembuhkan apa yang telah menjadi? || Kasino Tropicana dan Resort Atlantic City <> Siapa yang membeli Hotel Ambassador yang lama pada tahun 1978? || Ramada", {"qas": [{"question": "By what years were many of the great hotels suffering from high vacancy rates?", "id": "570629cf75f01819005e7a0a", "answers": [{"text": "the late 1960s", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Prior to and during the advent of legalized gaming, what happened to many of the hotels in Atlantic City?", "id": "570629cf75f01819005e7a0b", "answers": [{"text": "demolished", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When were many of the large hotels demolished?", "id": "570629cf75f01819005e7a0c", "answers": [{"text": "1970s and 1980s", "answer_start": 466}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After the Ambassador Hotel was gutted what did it become?", "id": "570629cf75f01819005e7a0d", "answers": [{"text": "Tropicana Casino and Resort Atlantic City", "answer_start": 797}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who purchased the old Ambassador Hotel in 1978?", "id": "570629cf75f01819005e7a0e", "answers": [{"text": "Ramada", "answer_start": 753}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "By the late 1960s, many of the resort's once great hotels were suffering from embarrassing vacancy rates. Most of them were either shut down, converted to cheap apartments, or converted to nursing home facilities by the end of the decade. Prior to and during the advent of legalized gaming, many of these hotels were demolished. The Breakers, the Chelsea, the Brighton, the Shelburne, the Mayflower, the Traymore, and the Marlborough-Blenheim were demolished in the 1970s and 1980s. Of the many pre-casino resorts that bordered the boardwalk, only the Claridge, the Dennis, the Ritz-Carlton, and the Haddon Hall survive to this day as parts of Bally's Atlantic City, a condo complex, and Resorts Atlantic City. The old Ambassador Hotel was purchased by Ramada in 1978 and was gutted to become the Tropicana Casino and Resort Atlantic City, only reusing the steelwork of the original building. Smaller hotels off the boardwalk, such as the Madison also survived."}], ["Dalam usaha menghidupkan semula bandar raya, pengundi New Jersey pada tahun 1976 meluluskan referendum, meluluskan perjudian kasino untuk Atlantic City; ini datang selepas referendum tahun 1974 mengenai perjudian yang sah tidak berjaya. Sebaik sahaja undang-undang itu diluluskan, pemilik Hotel Chalfonte-Haddon Hall mula mengubahnya menjadi Resorts International. Ia adalah kasino undang-undang pertama di timur Amerika Syarikat ketika dibuka pada 26 Mei 1978. Kasino lain tidak lama lagi dibina di sepanjang Boardwalk dan, kemudian, di daerah marina selama sebelas hari ini. Pengenalan perjudian tidak, bagaimanapun, dengan cepat menghilangkan banyak masalah urban yang melanda Atlantic City. Ramai orang telah mencadangkan bahawa ia hanya berkemungkinan memburukkan lagi masalah tersebut, seperti yang dibuktikan oleh perbezaan yang sangat ketara antara kawasan intensif pelancongan dan kawasan kejiranan kelas miskin yang bersebelahan. Di samping itu, Atlantic City telah kurang popular daripada Las Vegas, sebagai bandar perjudian di Amerika Syarikat. Donald Trump membantu membawa serangan besar tinju ke bandar untuk menarik pelanggan ke kasinonya. Petinju Mike Tyson mempunyai kebanyakan pergaduhannya di Atlantic City pada tahun 1980-an, yang membantu Atlantic City mencapai perhatian seluruh negara sebagai resort perjudian. Banyak kondominium highrise telah dibina untuk digunakan sebagai kediaman tetap atau rumah kedua. Menjelang akhir dekad, ia merupakan salah satu destinasi pelancongan paling popular di Amerika Syarikat. <> Pada tahun apakah pengundi New Jersey meluluskan referendum meluluskan perjudian kasino untuk Atlantic City? || 1976 <> Pemilik Hotel Chalfonte-Haddon Hall menukarnya ke dalam apa? || Resorts International <> Apakah nama kasino undang-undang pertama di timur Amerika Syarikat? || Resorts International <> Tahun apakah Resorts International dibuka? || 1978 <> Berapa banyak kasino di Atlantic City hari ini? || sebelas", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did New Jersey voters pass a referendum approving casino gambling for Atlantic City?", "id": "57062b9075f01819005e7a1e", "answers": [{"text": "1976", "answer_start": 60}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The owners of the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel converted it into what?", "id": "57062b9075f01819005e7a1f", "answers": [{"text": "Resorts International", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the first legal casino in the eastern United States?", "id": "57062b9075f01819005e7a20", "answers": [{"text": "Resorts International", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Resorts International open?", "id": "57062b9075f01819005e7a21", "answers": [{"text": "1978", "answer_start": 428}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many casinos are there in Atlantic City today?", "id": "57062b9075f01819005e7a22", "answers": [{"text": "eleven", "answer_start": 540}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In an effort at revitalizing the city, New Jersey voters in 1976 passed a referendum, approving casino gambling for Atlantic City; this came after a 1974 referendum on legalized gambling failed to pass. Immediately after the legislation passed, the owners of the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel began converting it into the Resorts International. It was the first legal casino in the eastern United States when it opened on May 26, 1978. Other casinos were soon constructed along the Boardwalk and, later, in the marina district for a total of eleven today. The introduction of gambling did not, however, quickly eliminate many of the urban problems that plagued Atlantic City. Many people have suggested that it only served to exacerbate those problems, as attested to by the stark contrast between tourism intensive areas and the adjacent impoverished working-class neighborhoods. In addition, Atlantic City has been less popular than Las Vegas, as a gambling city in the United States. Donald Trump helped bring big name boxing bouts to the city to attract customers to his casinos. The boxer Mike Tyson had most of his fights in Atlantic City in the 1980s, which helped Atlantic City achieve nationwide attention as a gambling resort. Numerous highrise condominiums were built for use as permanent residences or second homes. By end of the decade it was one of the most popular tourist destinations in the United States."}], ["Seperti banyak bandar-bandar pantai timur yang lebih lama selepas Perang Dunia II, Atlantic City terjerumus dengan kemiskinan, jenayah, rasuah, dan penurunan ekonomi secara umum pada pertengahan hingga akhir abad ke-20. Kejiranan yang dikenali sebagai \"Inlet\" menjadi sangat miskin. Sebab-sebab penurunan resort itu pelbagai lapisan. Pertama sekali, kereta menjadi lebih mudah didapati untuk banyak orang Amerika selepas perang. Atlantic City pada mulanya bergantung pada pengunjung yang datang dengan kereta api dan tinggal selama beberapa minggu. Kereta itu membolehkan mereka datang dan pergi seperti yang mereka sukai, dan ramai orang akan menghabiskan hanya beberapa hari, bukan minggu. Juga, kedatangan suburbia memainkan peranan yang besar. Dengan banyak keluarga yang berpindah ke rumah persendirian mereka sendiri, kemewahan seperti penghawa dingin di rumah dan kolam renang berkurangan minat mereka untuk berkumpul di resort-resort pantai mewah semasa musim panas. Tetapi mungkin faktor terbesar dalam penurunan populariti Atlantic City berasal dari perkhidmatan jet murah dan cepat ke pusat peranginan utama lain, seperti Miami Beach dan Bahamas. <> Yang kejiranan Atlantik City menjadi sangat miskin pada pertengahan abad ke-20? || \"Inlet\" <> Apa faktor terbesar dalam penurunan populariti Atlantic City? || perkhidmatan jet cepat murah <> Apa dua lokasi lain yang orang mula terbang ke bukannya pergi ke Atlantic City? || Miami Beach dan Bahamas <> Selepas peperangan, apakah bentuk pengangkutan yang menjadi lebih mudah tersedia untuk banyak rakyat Amerika? || kereta <> Apa kemewahan yang boleh dimiliki orang di rumah masing-masing menyebabkan minat berkurangan di resort pantai mewah? || penyaman udara rumah dan kolam renang", {"qas": [{"question": "Which Atlantic City neighborhood became particularly impoverished in the mid-to-late 20th century?", "id": "570624bb52bb8914006898ec", "answers": [{"text": "the \"Inlet\"", "answer_start": 204}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the biggest factor in the decline in Atlantic City's popularity?", "id": "570624bb52bb8914006898ed", "answers": [{"text": "cheap, fast jet service", "answer_start": 953}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were two other locations people began to fly to instead of going to Atlantic City?", "id": "570624bb52bb8914006898ee", "answers": [{"text": "Miami Beach and the Bahamas", "answer_start": 1011}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "After the war, what form of transportation became more readily available to many Americans?", "id": "570624bb52bb8914006898ef", "answers": [{"text": "automobile", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two luxuries that people could have at their own homes led to a diminished interest in luxury beach resorts?", "id": "570624bb52bb8914006898f0", "answers": [{"text": "home air conditioning and swimming pools", "answer_start": 737}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Like many older east coast cities after World War II, Atlantic City became plagued with poverty, crime, corruption, and general economic decline in the mid-to-late 20th century. The neighborhood known as the \"Inlet\" became particularly impoverished. The reasons for the resort's decline were multi-layered. First of all, the automobile became more readily available to many Americans after the war. Atlantic City had initially relied upon visitors coming by train and staying for a couple of weeks. The car allowed them to come and go as they pleased, and many people would spend only a few days, rather than weeks. Also, the advent of suburbia played a huge role. With many families moving to their own private houses, luxuries such as home air conditioning and swimming pools diminished their interest in flocking to the luxury beach resorts during the hot summer. But perhaps the biggest factor in the decline in Atlantic City's popularity came from cheap, fast jet service to other premier resorts, such as Miami Beach and the Bahamas."}], ["Menurut Biro Banci Amerika Syarikat, bandar ini mempunyai keluasan 17.037 mil persegi (44.125 km2), termasuk tanah seluas 10.747 mil persegi (27.835 km2) dan 6.290 mil persegi (16.290 km2) air (36.92%). <> Menurut Biro Banci Amerika Syarikat, apakah jumlah kawasan dalam batu persegi? || 17.037 mil persegi <> Apa kawasan tanah? || 10.747 mil persegi <> Apakah kawasan air? || 6.290 mil persegi <> Berapakah peratusan bandar yang diperbuat daripada air? || 36.92% <> Apakah organisasi yang menyediakan data yang memperincikan saiz bandar? || Biro Banci Amerika Syarikat", {"qas": [{"question": "According to the United States Census Bureau, what is the total area in square miles?", "id": "57063ba175f01819005e7aa2", "answers": [{"text": "17.037 square miles", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the area of land?", "id": "57063ba175f01819005e7aa3", "answers": [{"text": "10.747 square miles", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the area of water?", "id": "57063ba175f01819005e7aa4", "answers": [{"text": "6.290 square miles", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the city is made up of water?", "id": "57063ba175f01819005e7aa5", "answers": [{"text": "36.92%", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What organization provided data detailing the size of the city?", "id": "57063ba175f01819005e7aa6", "answers": [{"text": "United States Census Bureau", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km2), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km2) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km2) of water (36.92%)."}], ["Komuniti, daerah dan nama yang tidak diperbadankan yang terletak sebahagian atau sepenuhnya di dalam bandar termasuk Chelsea, Bandar Raya, Pulau Besar dan Taman Venice. <> Selain dari Chelsea, Pulau City, dan Pulau Besar, apa lagi komuniti, tempat, atau tempat lain yang dimasukkan ke dalam bandar? || Taman Venice <> Selain Chelsea, City City, dan Venice Park, apa lagi komuniti, tempat, atau nama tempat lain yang dimasukkan ke dalam bandar? || Great Island <> Selain Chelsea, Venice Park, dan Great Island, apa lagi komuniti, tempat, atau nama tempat lain yang dimasukkan ke dalam bandar? || City Island <> Selain Venice Park, City Island, dan Great Island, apa lagi komuniti, tempat, atau tempat lain yang dimasukkan ke dalam kota? || Chelsea <> Selain nama-nama tempat dan tempat, apa lagi yang terletak secara separuh atau sepenuhnya di dalam bandar? || Komuniti yang tidak diperbadankan", {"qas": [{"question": "Besides Chelsea, City Island, and Great Island, what other community, locality, or place name is included in the city?", "id": "57063e7075f01819005e7ab2", "answers": [{"text": "Venice Park", "answer_start": 150}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides Chelsea, City Island, and Venice Park, what other community, locality, or place name is included in the city?", "id": "57063e7075f01819005e7ab3", "answers": [{"text": "Great Island", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides Chelsea, Venice Park, and Great Island, what other community, locality, or place name is included in the city?", "id": "57063e7075f01819005e7ab4", "answers": [{"text": "City Island", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides Venice Park, City Island, and Great Island, what other community, locality, or place name is included in the city?", "id": "57063e7075f01819005e7ab5", "answers": [{"text": "Chelsea", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Besides localities and place names, what else is located partically or completely within the city?", "id": "57063e7075f01819005e7ab6", "answers": [{"text": "Unincorporated communities", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Chelsea, City Island, Great Island and Venice Park."}], ["Terdapat 15,504 isi rumah, di mana 27.3% mempunyai kanak-kanak di bawah umur 18 tahun dengan mereka, 25.9% pasangan suami isteri yang tinggal bersama, 22.2% mempunyai isi rumah perempuan tanpa suami hadir, dan 44.8% bukan warganegara. 37.5% daripada semua isi rumah terdiri daripada individu, dan 14.3% mempunyai seseorang yang tinggal bersendirian yang berusia 65 tahun atau lebih tua. Saiz isi rumah purata ialah 2.50 dan saiz keluarga purata ialah 3.34. <> Berapa banyak rumah tangga di Atlantic City semasa Banci Amerika Syarikat 2010? || 15,504 <> Berapa peratus isi rumah di Atlantic City mempunyai kanak-kanak di bawah umur 18 tahun tinggal bersama mereka? || 27.3% <> Berapa peratus isi rumah di Atlantic City terdiri daripada bukan keluarga? || 44.8% <> Berapa peratus isi rumah di Atlantic City terdiri daripada individu? || 37.5%", {"qas": [{"question": "How many households were there in Atlantic City during the 2010 United States Census?", "id": "5706845d52bb891400689a26", "answers": [{"text": "15,504", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of households in Atlantic City had children under the age of 18 living with them?", "id": "5706845d52bb891400689a27", "answers": [{"text": "27.3%", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of households in Atlantic City were comprised of non-families?", "id": "5706845d52bb891400689a28", "answers": [{"text": "44.8%", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of households in Atlantic City were made up of individuals?", "id": "5706845d52bb891400689a29", "answers": [{"text": "37.5%", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There were 15,504 households, of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.9% were married couples living together, 22.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.8% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.34."}], ["Pemendakan tahunan ialah 40 inci (1,020 mm) yang cukup tersebar sepanjang tahun. Disebabkan kedekatannya dengan Lautan Atlantik dan lokasinya di Jersey Selatan, Atlantic City menerima kurang salji daripada bahagian yang baik dari seluruh New Jersey. Walaupun di lapangan terbang, di mana suhu rendah sering lebih rendah daripada di sepanjang pantai, purata salji hanya 16.5 inci (41.9 cm) setiap musim sejuk. Ia sangat biasa kerana hujan jatuh di Atlantic City manakala bahagian utara dan barat negeri itu menerima salji. <> Berapa inci pemendakan yang diterima oleh Atlantic City setiap tahun? || 40 inci <> Berapa purata salji salji yang diterima di lapangan terbang setiap tahun? || 16.5 inci <> Kekurangan salji di Atlantic City disebabkan lokasinya di Jersey Selatan dan proximaty yang mana badan airnya? || Lautan Atlantik <> Kekurangan salji di Atlantic City disebabkan oleh kedekatannya dengan Lautan Atlantik dan lokasinya di mana? || Jersey Selatan <> Atlantic City adalah berbeza dari bahagian utara dan barat negara ini pada musim sejuk kerana kecenderungan untuk menerima jenis pemendakan? || hujan", {"qas": [{"question": "How many inches of precipitation does Atlantic City receive annually?", "id": "570680fe75f01819005e7bb8", "answers": [{"text": "40 inches", "answer_start": 24}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average number of inches of snow received at the airport annually?", "id": "570680fe75f01819005e7bb9", "answers": [{"text": "16.5 inches", "answer_start": 354}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Atlantic City's lack of snowfall is due to its location in South Jersey and its proximaty to which body of water?", "id": "570680fe75f01819005e7bba", "answers": [{"text": "Atlantic Ocean", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Atlantic City's lack of snowfall is due to its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and its location where?", "id": "570680fe75f01819005e7bbb", "answers": [{"text": "South Jersey", "answer_start": 154}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Atlantic City is different from the northern and western parts of the state in the winter due to its tendency to receive which type of precipitation?", "id": "570680fe75f01819005e7bbc", "answers": [{"text": "rain", "answer_start": 411}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Annual precipitation is 40 inches (1,020 mm) which is fairly spread throughout the year. Owing to its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and its location in South Jersey, Atlantic City receives less snow than a good portion of the rest of New Jersey. Even at the airport, where low temperatures are often much lower than along the coast, snow averages only 16.5 inches (41.9 cm) each winter. It is very common for rain to fall in Atlantic City while the northern and western parts of the state are receiving snow."}], ["Pada Banci Amerika Syarikat 2010, terdapat 39,558 orang, 15,504 isi rumah, dan 8,558 keluarga yang tinggal di bandar. Kepadatan penduduk ialah 3,680.8 satu persegi persegi (1,421.2 / km2). Terdapat 20,013 unit rumah pada ketumpatan purata 1,862.2 satu batu persegi (719.0 / km2). Ucapan perkauman bandar adalah 26.65% (10.543) Putih, 38.29% (15.148) Hitam atau Afrika Amerika, 0.61% (242) Orang asli Amerika, 15.55% (6,153) Asia, 0.05% 5,549) dari kaum lain, dan 4.82% (1,905) daripada dua atau lebih kaum. Hispanik atau Latin dari mana-mana kaum adalah 30.45% (12.044) penduduk. <> Berapa ramai orang yang menetap di Atlantic City semasa Banci Amerika Syarikat 2010? || 39,558 <> Berapa banyak unit perumahan di Atlantic City semasa Banci Amerika Syarikat 2010? || 20,013 <> Semasa Banci Amerika Syarikat 2010 apakah peratusan penduduk Atlantic City adalah Hispanik atau Latino? || 30.45% <> Semasa Banci Amerika Syarikat 2010 apakah peratusan penduduk Atlantic City adalah White? || 26.65% <> Berapa banyak keluarga yang menetap di Atlantic City semasa Banci Amerika Syarikat 2010? || 8,558", {"qas": [{"question": "How many people were residing in Atlantic City during the 2010 United States Census?", "id": "570682cc52bb891400689a1c", "answers": [{"text": "39,558", "answer_start": 45}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many housing units were in Atlantic City during the 2010 United States Census?", "id": "570682cc52bb891400689a1d", "answers": [{"text": "20,013", "answer_start": 197}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the 2010 United States Census what percentage of Atlantic City's population was Hispanic or Latino?", "id": "570682cc52bb891400689a1e", "answers": [{"text": "30.45%", "answer_start": 573}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "During the 2010 United States Census what percentage of Atlantic City's population was White?", "id": "570682cc52bb891400689a1f", "answers": [{"text": "26.65%", "answer_start": 314}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many families were residing in Atlantic City during the 2010 United States Census?", "id": "570682cc52bb891400689a20", "answers": [{"text": "8,558", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "At the 2010 United States Census, there were 39,558 people, 15,504 households, and 8,558 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,680.8 per square mile (1,421.2/km2). There were 20,013 housing units at an average density of 1,862.2 per square mile (719.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 26.65% (10,543) White, 38.29% (15,148) Black or African American, 0.61% (242) Native American, 15.55% (6,153) Asian, 0.05% (18) Pacific Islander, 14.03% (5,549) from other races, and 4.82% (1,905) from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 30.45% (12,044) of the population."}], ["Berikutan penutupan dan penurunan hasil daripada kasino, Gabenor Christie berkata pada bulan September 2014 bahawa negara akan mempertimbangkan satu referendum 2015 untuk menamatkan monopoli berusia 40 tahun bahawa Atlantic City memegang perjudian kasino dan membenarkan perjudian di majlis-majlis lain. Dengan pendapatan kasino merosot daripada $ 5.2 bilion pada tahun 2006 kepada $ 2.9 bilion pada tahun 2013, negara menyaksikan kejatuhan wang daripada cukai 8% ke atas pendapatan itu, yang digunakan untuk membiayai program untuk warga tua dan orang kurang upaya. <> Berapa lamakah Atlantic City mengadakan monopoli pada perjudian kasino? || 40 tahun <Who berkata bahawa negara akan mempertimbangkan satu referendum untuk mengakhiri monopoli bahawa Atlantic City memegang perjudian kasino? || Gabenor Christie <> Bilakah Gabenor Christie mengatakan bahawa negara akan mempertimbangkan referendum? || September 2014 <> Berapa pendapatan kasino pada tahun 2006? || $ 5.2 bilion <> Berapa pendapatan kasino pada tahun 2013? || $ 2.9 bilion", {"qas": [{"question": "How long had Atlantic City held a monopoly on casino gambling?", "id": "5706352452bb891400689964", "answers": [{"text": "40-year", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who said that the state would consider a referendum to end the monopoly that Atlantic City holds on casino gambling?", "id": "5706352452bb891400689965", "answers": [{"text": "Governor Christie", "answer_start": 64}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did Governor Christie say that the state would consider a referendum?", "id": "5706352452bb891400689966", "answers": [{"text": "September 2014", "answer_start": 90}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much was casino revenue in 2006?", "id": "5706352452bb891400689967", "answers": [{"text": "$5.2 billion", "answer_start": 311}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much was casino revenue in 2013?", "id": "5706352452bb891400689968", "answers": [{"text": "$2.9 billion", "answer_start": 335}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the wake of the closures and declining revenue from casinos, Governor Christie said in September 2014 that the state would consider a 2015 referendum to end the 40-year-old monopoly that Atlantic City holds on casino gambling and allowing gambling in other municipalities. With casino revenue declining from $5.2 billion in 2006 to $2.9 billion in 2013, the state saw a drop in money from its 8% tax on those earnings, which is used to fund programs for senior citizens and the disabled."}], ["\"Superstorm Sandy\" melanda Atlantic City pada 29 Oktober 2012, menyebabkan banjir dan gangguan kuasa tetapi meninggalkan kerosakan minimum ke mana-mana kawasan pelancongan termasuk resort Boardwalk dan kasino, walaupun kepercayaan meluas bahawa laluan jalan raya bandar telah musnah. Sumber maklumat yang salah adalah gambar yang diedarkan secara meluas dari seksyen yang rusak di Boardwalk yang dijadualkan untuk pembaikan, sebelum ribut, dan laporan berita yang salah pada masa bencana. Ribut itu menghasilkan rekod tekanan barometrik rendah sepanjang 943 mb (27.85 \") untuk bukan sahaja Atlantic City, tetapi keadaan New Jersey. <> Bilakah\" Superstorm Sandy \"menyerang Atlantic City? || 29 Oktober 2012 <> \"Superstorm Sandy\" menghasilkan rekod membaca tekanan rendah barometrik yang rendah sepanjang masa? ||| 943 mb <> Walaupun \"Superstorm Sandy\" meninggalkan kerosakan yang minimum ke mana-mana kawasan pelancongan yang menyebabkan dua perkara lain berlaku? | banjir dan pemadaman kuasa <> Apa sumber maklumat yang salah mengenai kerosakan pada papan lorong di bandar ini? || foto <> Kenapa ada foto papan luncur jika ia tidak rosak dalam ribut? || Boardwalk yang dijadualkan untuk pembaikan, sebelum ribut", {"qas": [{"question": "When did \"Superstorm Sandy\" strike Atlantic City?", "id": "5706398252bb89140068998c", "answers": [{"text": "October 29, 2012", "answer_start": 43}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "\"Superstorm Sandy\" produced an all-time record low barometric pressure reading of what?", "id": "5706398252bb89140068998d", "answers": [{"text": "943 mb", "answer_start": 548}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Although \"Superstorm Sandy\" left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas it did cause what two other things to occur?", "id": "5706398252bb89140068998e", "answers": [{"text": "flooding and power-outages", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the source of the misinformation concerning damage to the city's boardwalk?", "id": "5706398252bb89140068998f", "answers": [{"text": "photograph", "answer_start": 321}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why was there a photo of the Boardwalk if it wasn't actually damaged in the storm?", "id": "5706398252bb891400689990", "answers": [{"text": "the Boardwalk that was slated for repairs, prior to the storm", "answer_start": 356}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "\"Superstorm Sandy\" struck Atlantic City on October 29, 2012, causing flooding and power-outages but left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas including the Boardwalk and casino resorts, despite widespread belief that the city's boardwalk had been destroyed. The source of the misinformation was a widely circulated photograph of a damaged section of the Boardwalk that was slated for repairs, prior to the storm, and incorrect news reports at the time of the disaster. The storm produced an all-time record low barometric pressure reading of 943 mb (27.85\") for not only Atlantic City, but the state of New Jersey."}], ["Musim panas biasanya hangat dan lembap dengan purata harian harian sebanyak 75.6 \u00b0 F (24.2 \u00b0 C). Pada masa ini, bandar ini mendapat angin laut dari laut yang sering menjadikan suhu siang hari lebih sejuk daripada kawasan pedalaman, menjadikan Atlantic City sebagai tempat utama untuk mengalahkan musim panas dari bulan Jun hingga September. Purata tertinggi walaupun hanya beberapa batu di barat Atlantic City melebihi 85 \u00b0 F (29 \u00b0 C) pada bulan Julai. Berhampiran pantai, suhu mencapai atau melebihi 90 \u00b0 F (32 \u00b0 C) pada purata hanya 6.8 hari setahun, tetapi ini mencapai 21 hari di Atlantic City Int'l yang berdekatan. [A] Winters sejuk, dengan purata Januari 35.5 \u00b0 F (2 \u00b0 C). Musim bunga dan musim gugur tidak menentu, walaupun mereka biasanya ringan dengan kelembapan yang rendah. Tingkap rata-rata untuk suhu beku ialah 20 November hingga 25 Mac, membolehkan musim 239 hari yang semakin meningkat. Suhu melampau adalah dari -9 \u00b0 F (-23 \u00b0 C) pada 9 Februari 1934 hingga 104 \u00b0 F (40 \u00b0 C) pada 7 Ogos 1918. [b] <> Apakah suhu purata harian pada bulan Julai? || 75.6 \u00b0 F <> Atlantic City adalah tempat utama untuk mengalahkan haba dari bulan Jun hingga bulan? || September <> Apakah suhu purata untuk Januari di Atlantic City? || 35.5 \u00b0 F <> Berapa hari panjang musim menanam? || 239 hari <> Apakah suhu yang melampau di Atlantic City? || -9 \u00b0 F", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the daily average temperature in July?", "id": "5706402075f01819005e7abc", "answers": [{"text": "75.6 \u00b0F", "answer_start": 66}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Atlantic City is a prime place to beat the heat from June through what month?", "id": "5706402075f01819005e7abd", "answers": [{"text": "September", "answer_start": 294}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the average temperature for January in Atlantic City?", "id": "5706402075f01819005e7abe", "answers": [{"text": "35.5 \u00b0F", "answer_start": 591}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many days long is the growing season?", "id": "5706402075f01819005e7abf", "answers": [{"text": "239 days", "answer_start": 790}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the extreme low temperature of Atlantic City?", "id": "5706402075f01819005e7ac0", "answers": [{"text": "\u22129 \u00b0F", "answer_start": 832}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Summers are typically warm and humid with a July daily average of 75.6 \u00b0F (24.2 \u00b0C). During this time, the city gets a sea breeze off the ocean that often makes daytime temperatures much cooler than inland areas, making Atlantic City a prime place for beating the summer heat from June through September. Average highs even just a few miles west of Atlantic City exceed 85 \u00b0F (29 \u00b0C) in July. Near the coast, temperatures reach or exceed 90 \u00b0F (32 \u00b0C) on an average of only 6.8 days a year, but this reaches 21 days at nearby Atlantic City Int'l.[a] Winters are cool, with January averaging 35.5 \u00b0F (2 \u00b0C). Spring and autumn are erratic, although they are usually mild with low humidity. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 20 to March 25, allowing a growing season of 239 days. Extreme temperatures range from \u22129 \u00b0F (\u221223 \u00b0C) on February 9, 1934 to 104 \u00b0F (40 \u00b0C) on August 7, 1918.[b]"}], ["Disebabkan keadaan ekonomi dan kemelesetan akhir tahun 2000, banyak kasino mega yang dicadangkan tidak pernah lebih jauh daripada peringkat perancangan awal. Salah satu daripada pemaju ini adalah Pinnacle Entertainment, yang membeli Sands Atlantic City, hanya untuk menutup secara kekal November 11, 2006. Pada tahun berikutnya, resort itu telah dirobohkan dalam implosionalan gaya yang dramatik, yang pertama di Atlantic City . Walaupun Pinnacle Entertainment bertujuan menggantikannya dengan resort kasino $ 1.5-2 bilion, syarikat itu membatalkan rancangan pembinaannya dan merancang untuk menjual tanah itu. Kekecewaan terbesar adalah apabila MGM Resorts International mengumumkan bahawa ia akan mengeluarkan semua pembangunan untuk Atlantic City, dengan berkesan menamatkan rancangan mereka untuk MGM Grand Atlantic City. <> Bilakah Sands Atlantic City ditutup secara kekal? || 11 November 2006 <> Apa yang berlaku kepada Sands Atlantic City setahun selepas ia ditutup? || dirobohkan dalam dramatik, implosionalan gaya Las Vegas <> Apa Pinnacle Entertainment berhasrat untuk menggantikan Sands Atlantic City dengan? || $ 1.5-2 bilion resort kasino <> Mengapa banyak kasino mega yang dicadangkan tidak akan lebih jauh daripada peringkat perancangan awal? || keadaan ekonomi dan kemelesetan akhir tahun 2000 <> Siapa yang membeli Sands Atlantic City? || Pinnacle Entertainment", {"qas": [{"question": "When did the Sands Atlantic City close permanently?", "id": "5706318d52bb89140068995a", "answers": [{"text": "November 11, 2006", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What happened to the Sands Atlantic City a year after it closed?", "id": "5706318d52bb89140068995b", "answers": [{"text": "demolished in a dramatic, Las Vegas styled implosion", "answer_start": 320}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Pinnacle Entertainment intend to replace the Sands Atlantic City with?", "id": "5706318d52bb89140068995c", "answers": [{"text": "$1.5\u20132 billion casino resort", "answer_start": 473}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did many of the proposed mega casinos never get further than the initial planning stages?", "id": "5706318d52bb89140068995d", "answers": [{"text": "economic conditions and the late 2000s recession", "answer_start": 9}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who purchased the Sands Atlantic City?", "id": "5706318d52bb89140068995e", "answers": [{"text": "Pinnacle Entertainment", "answer_start": 174}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Owing to economic conditions and the late 2000s recession, many of the proposed mega casinos never went further than the initial planning stages. One of these developers was Pinnacle Entertainment, who purchased the Sands Atlantic City, only to close it permanently November 11, 2006. The following year, the resort was demolished in a dramatic, Las Vegas styled implosion, the first of its kind in Atlantic City. While Pinnacle Entertainment intended to replace it with a $1.5\u20132 billion casino resort, the company canceled its construction plans and plans to sell the land. The biggest disappointment was when MGM Resorts International announced that it would pull out of all development for Atlantic City, effectively ending their plans for the MGM Grand Atlantic City."}], ["Pada tahun 2006, Morgan Stanley membeli 20 ekar (8.1 ha) terus di utara Showboat Atlantic City Hotel dan Casino untuk resort bernilai $ 2 bilion ditambah kasino. Revel Entertainment Group dinamakan sebagai pemaju projek untuk Casino Revel. Revel terhalang dengan banyak masalah, dengan kemunduran terbesar kepada syarikat itu pada bulan April 2010 apabila Morgan Stanley, pemilik 90% daripada Revel Entertainment Group, memutuskan untuk menghentikan pembiayaan untuk pembinaan yang berterusan dan meletakkan kepentingannya dalam Revel untuk dijual. Awal tahun 2010, perundangan negeri New Jersey meluluskan rang undang-undang yang menawarkan insentif cukai untuk menarik pelabur baru dan menyelesaikan tugas itu, tetapi tinjauan pendapat oleh PublicMind Fairleigh Dickinson University yang dikeluarkan pada Mac 2010 menunjukkan tiga daripada lima pengundi (60%) menentang undang-undang, dan dua daripada tiga orang yang menentangnya \"dengan kuat\" menentangnya. Pada akhirnya, Gabenor Chris Christie menawarkan kredit pajak negara sebanyak $ 261 juta untuk membantu kasino apabila ia dibuka. Sehingga Mac 2011 [update], Revel telah menyelesaikan semua kerja luaran dan terus bekerja di pedalaman selepas akhirnya menerima pembiayaan yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan pembinaan. Ia dibuka pada bulan April 2012 dan dibuka sepenuhnya pada Mei 2012. Sepuluh bulan kemudian, pada bulan Februari 2013, selepas kerugian yang serius dan penurunan dalam nilai resort dari $ 2.4 bilion hingga $ 450 juta, Revel mengajukan Bab 11 muflis. Ia telah disusun semula tetapi masih tidak boleh terus bangkrut semula dan masuk semula pada 19 Jun 2014. Ia dijual untuk dijual, namun tanpa tawaran yang sesuai diterima resort itu ditutup pada 2 September 2014. <> Dalam tahun berapa Adakah Morgan Stanley membeli tanah untuk resort kasino baru? || 2006 <> Berapa banyak tanah yang dibeli oleh Morgan Stanley? || 20 ekar <> Siapa yang dinamakan sebagai pemaju untuk resort kasino Morgan Stanley? || Revel Entertainment Group <> Berapakah peratusan pemilikan Morgan Stanley dalam Revel Entertainment Group? || 90% <> Siapa yang menawarkan Revel $ 261 juta dalam kredit cukai negeri? || Gabenor Chris Christie", {"qas": [{"question": "In what year did Morgan Stanley purchase land for a new casino resort?", "id": "5706332975f01819005e7a7c", "answers": [{"text": "2006", "answer_start": 3}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much land did Morgan Stanley purchase?", "id": "5706332975f01819005e7a7d", "answers": [{"text": "20 acres", "answer_start": 34}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who was named as the developer for Morgan Stanley's casino resort?", "id": "5706332975f01819005e7a7e", "answers": [{"text": "Revel Entertainment Group", "answer_start": 155}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of ownership did Morgan Stanley hold in Revel Entertainment Group?", "id": "5706332975f01819005e7a7f", "answers": [{"text": "90%", "answer_start": 373}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who offered Revel $261 million in state tax credits?", "id": "5706332975f01819005e7a80", "answers": [{"text": "Governor Chris Christie", "answer_start": 858}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In 2006, Morgan Stanley purchased 20 acres (8.1 ha) directly north of the Showboat Atlantic City Hotel and Casino for a new $2 billion plus casino resort. Revel Entertainment Group was named as the project's developer for the Revel Casino. Revel was hindered with many problems, with the biggest setback to the company being in April 2010 when Morgan Stanley, the owner of 90% of Revel Entertainment Group, decided to discontinue funding for continued construction and put its stake in Revel up for sale. Early in 2010 the New Jersey state legislature passed a bill offering tax incentives to attract new investors and complete the job, but a poll by Fairleigh Dickinson University's PublicMind released in March 2010 showed that three of five voters (60%) opposed the legislation, and two of three of those who opposed it \"strongly\" opposed it. Ultimately, Governor Chris Christie offered Revel $261 million in state tax credits to assist the casino once it opened. As of March 2011[update], Revel had completed all of the exterior work and had continued work on the interior after finally receiving the funding necessary to complete construction. It had a soft opening in April 2012, and was fully open by May 2012. Ten months later, in February 2013, after serious losses and a write-down in the value of the resort from $2.4 billion to $450 million, Revel filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. It was restructured but still could not carry on and re-entered bankruptcy on June 19, 2014. It was put up for sale, however as no suitable bids were received the resort closed its doors on September 2, 2014."}], ["Sehingga September 2014, kawasan Atlantic City yang lebih besar mempunyai salah satu daripada kadar pengangguran tertinggi di negara ini pada 13.8%, daripada tenaga buruh sekitar 141,000. <> Sehingga September 2014, kawasan Atlantic City yang lebih besar mempunyai salah satu daripada kadar tertinggi di negara apa? || pengangguran <> Apakah kadar pengangguran untuk kawasan Atlantic City yang lebih besar, pada September 2014? || 13.8% <> Sehingga September 2014, apakah saiz tenaga buruh di kawasan Atlantic City yang lebih besar? || 141,000 <> Daripada tenaga kerja kira-kira 141,000 apa kadar pengangguran? || 13.8%", {"qas": [{"question": "As of September 2014, the greater Atlantic City area had one of the highest rates in the country of what?", "id": "5706bf590eeca41400aa0dfb", "answers": [{"text": "unemployment", "answer_start": 76}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the unemployment rate for the greater Atlantic City area, as of September 2014?", "id": "5706bf590eeca41400aa0dfc", "answers": [{"text": "13.8%", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "As of September 2014, what was the overall size of the labor force of the greater Atlantic City area?", "id": "5706bf590eeca41400aa0dfd", "answers": [{"text": "141,000", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Out of a labor force of about 141,000 what was the unemployment rate?", "id": "5706bf590eeca41400aa0dfe", "answers": [{"text": "13.8%", "answer_start": 113}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As of September 2014, the greater Atlantic City area has one of the highest unemployment rates in the country at 13.8%, out of labor force of around 141,000."}], ["Pendapatan median untuk isi rumah di bandar adalah $ 26,969, dan pendapatan median untuk keluarga ialah $ 31,997. Lelaki mempunyai pendapatan median $ 25,471 berbanding $ 23,863 untuk wanita. Pendapatan per kapita untuk bandar adalah $ 15,402. Kira-kira 19.1% keluarga dan 23.6% penduduk berada di bawah garis kemiskinan, termasuk 29.1% daripada mereka yang berumur 18 tahun dan 18.9% daripada mereka yang berusia 65 tahun ke atas. <> Apakah pendapatan median untuk rumah tangga di bandar? || $ 26,969 <> Apakah pendapatan median untuk keluarga di bandar? || $ 31,997 <> Apa pendapatan per kapita untuk bandar? || $ 15,402 <> Berapa peratus keluarga di bandar yang tinggal di bawah garis kemiskinan? || 19.1% <> Berapakah jumlah penduduk di bandar yang tinggal di bawah garis kemiskinan? || 23.6%", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the median income for a household in the city?", "id": "5706be1e0eeca41400aa0de7", "answers": [{"text": "$26,969", "answer_start": 50}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the median income for a family in the city?", "id": "5706be1e0eeca41400aa0de8", "answers": [{"text": "$31,997", "answer_start": 98}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the per capita income for the city?", "id": "5706be1e0eeca41400aa0de9", "answers": [{"text": "$15,402", "answer_start": 211}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of families in the city were living below the poverty line?", "id": "5706be1e0eeca41400aa0dea", "answers": [{"text": "19.1%", "answer_start": 226}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the population in the city were living below the poverty line?", "id": "5706be1e0eeca41400aa0deb", "answers": [{"text": "23.6%", "answer_start": 248}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The median income for a household in the city was $26,969, and the median income for a family was $31,997. Males had a median income of $25,471 versus $23,863 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,402. About 19.1% of families and 23.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.1% of those under age 18 and 18.9% of those age 65 or over."}], ["Di bandar, penduduknya merebak dengan 25.7% di bawah umur 18 tahun, 8.9% dari 18 ke 24, 31.0% dari 25 ke 44, 20.2% dari 45 ke 64, dan 14.2% yang berusia 65 tahun ke atas. Umur median adalah 35 tahun. Bagi setiap 100 wanita terdapat 96.1 lelaki. Bagi setiap 100 wanita berumur 18 tahun ke atas, terdapat 93.2 lelaki. <> Apakah usia median Atlantic City? || 35 tahun <> Bagi setiap 100 wanita, berapa lelaki ada di sana? || 96.1 <> Bagi setiap 100 wanita berumur 18 tahun ke atas, berapa lelaki di sana? || 93.2 <> Berapa peratus daripada penduduk Atlantic City berusia di bawah 18 tahun? || 25.7% <> Berapa peratus daripada penduduk Atlantic City berumur 65 tahun ke atas? || 14.2%", {"qas": [{"question": "What was the median age of Atlantic City?", "id": "5706bd3e0eeca41400aa0dd3", "answers": [{"text": "35 years", "answer_start": 200}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For every 100 females, how many males were there?", "id": "5706bd3e0eeca41400aa0dd4", "answers": [{"text": "96.1", "answer_start": 243}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For every 100 females age 18 and over, how many males were there?", "id": "5706bd3e0eeca41400aa0dd5", "answers": [{"text": "93.2", "answer_start": 305}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the population of Atlantic City was under the age of 18?", "id": "5706bd3e0eeca41400aa0dd6", "answers": [{"text": "25.7%", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the population of Atlantic City was 65 years of age or older?", "id": "5706bd3e0eeca41400aa0dd7", "answers": [{"text": "14.2%", "answer_start": 140}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the city the population was spread out with 25.7% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males."}], ["Di bandar, 24.6% daripada penduduk adalah di bawah umur 18 tahun, 10.2% dari 18 ke 24, 26.8% dari 25 ke 44, 25.8% dari 45 ke 64, dan 12.7% yang berumur 65 tahun ke atas. Umur median adalah 36.3 tahun. Bagi setiap 100 wanita terdapat 96.2 lelaki. Bagi setiap 100 wanita berumur 18 tahun ke atas, terdapat 94.4 lelaki. <> Berapa peratus daripada penduduk di bawah umur 18 tahun? || 24.6% <> Berapa peratus daripada penduduk berusia 65 tahun ke atas? || 12.7% <> Apakah umur median? || 36.3 tahun", {"qas": [{"question": "What percentage of the population was under the age of 18?", "id": "5706b8bd0eeca41400aa0da9", "answers": [{"text": "24.6%", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the population was 65 years of age or older?", "id": "5706b8bd0eeca41400aa0daa", "answers": [{"text": "12.7%", "answer_start": 130}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the median age?", "id": "5706b8bd0eeca41400aa0dab", "answers": [{"text": "36.3 years", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the city, 24.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.3 years. For every 100 females there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.4 males."}], ["Terdapat 15,848 isi rumah di mana 27.7% mempunyai kanak-kanak di bawah umur 18 tahun dengan mereka, 24.8% pasangan suami isteri yang tinggal bersama, 23.2% mempunyai isi rumah wanita tanpa suami hadir, dan 45.1% bukan ahli keluarga. 37.2% daripada semua isi rumah terdiri daripada individu dan 15.4% mempunyai seseorang yang tinggal bersendirian yang berumur 65 tahun ke atas. Saiz isi rumah purata ialah 2.46 dan saiz keluarga purata ialah 3.26. <> Berapa banyak rumah tangga mempunyai kanak-kanak berumur 18 tahun yang tinggal bersama mereka? || 27.7% <> Berapa banyak rumah tangga di Atlantic City? || 15,848 <> Berapa banyak isi rumah terdiri daripada individu? || 37.2% <> Apakah saiz isi rumah purata di Atlantic City? || 2.46 <> Apakah saiz keluarga purata di Atlantic City? || 3.26", {"qas": [{"question": "How many households had children under the age of 18 living with them?", "id": "5706bc1f2eaba6190074acd2", "answers": [{"text": "27.7%", "answer_start": 42}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many households were there in Atlantic City?", "id": "5706bc1f2eaba6190074acd3", "answers": [{"text": "15,848", "answer_start": 11}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many households were made up of individuals?", "id": "5706bc1f2eaba6190074acd4", "answers": [{"text": "37.2%", "answer_start": 228}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the average household size in Atlantic City?", "id": "5706bc1f2eaba6190074acd5", "answers": [{"text": "2.46", "answer_start": 380}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the average family size in Atlantic City?", "id": "5706bc1f2eaba6190074acd6", "answers": [{"text": "3.26", "answer_start": 417}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "There were 15,848 households out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24.8% were married couples living together, 23.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.1% were non-families. 37.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.26."}], ["Daerah pelancongan akan terdiri daripada beberapa kawasan utama di bandar; Marina District, Ducktown, Chelsea, South Inlet, Bader Field, dan Gardner's Basin. Juga termasuk 10 jalan raya yang menuju ke daerah, termasuk beberapa di hujung utara bandar, atau Pantai Utara. Basin Gardner, yang merupakan rumah kepada Atlantic City Aquarium, pada awalnya dibebaskan daripada kawasan pelancongan, sementara persekitaran kediaman di bahagian Chelsea telah dikeluarkan dari sempadan terakhir, disebabkan oleh aduan dari bandar. Selain itu, penyertaan Lapangan Bader di daerah itu kontroversi dan mendapat banyak pengawasan daripada Datuk Lorenzo Langford, yang membuang undi \"tidak\" pada penciptaan daerah yang mengutip kemasukannya. <> Berapa banyak jalan masuk ke dalam daerah? || 10 <> Tempat apa yang menjadi rumah kepada Atlantic City Aquarium? || Basin Gardner <> Tempat mana yang asalnya tinggal di kawasan pelancongan? || Basin Gardner <> Di mana kejiranan kediaman yang telah dikeluarkan dari sempadan terakhir daerah? || Chelsea <> Siapa yang memberikan undi \"tiada\" pada penciptaan daerah yang memetik kemasukan Bader Field? || Datuk Lorenzo Langford", {"qas": [{"question": "How many roadways will be included in the district?", "id": "5706d3592eaba6190074ad1c", "answers": [{"text": "10", "answer_start": 172}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What place is home to the Atlantic City Aquarium?", "id": "5706d3592eaba6190074ad1d", "answers": [{"text": "Gardner's Basin", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What place was originally left off of the tourism district?", "id": "5706d3592eaba6190074ad1e", "answers": [{"text": "Gardner's Basin", "answer_start": 275}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where was the residential neighborhood that was removed from the final boundaries of the district?", "id": "5706d3592eaba6190074ad1f", "answers": [{"text": "Chelsea", "answer_start": 425}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who cast the lone \"no\" vote on the creation of the district citing Bader Field's inclusion?", "id": "5706d3592eaba6190074ad20", "answers": [{"text": "mayor Lorenzo Langford", "answer_start": 616}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The tourism district would comprise several key areas in the city; the Marina District, Ducktown, Chelsea, South Inlet, Bader Field, and Gardner's Basin. Also included are 10 roadways that lead into the district, including several in the city's northern end, or North Beach. Gardner's Basin, which is home to the Atlantic City Aquarium, was initially left out of the tourism district, while a residential neighborhood in the Chelsea section was removed from the final boundaries, owing to complaints from the city. Also, the inclusion of Bader Field in the district was controversial and received much scrutiny from mayor Lorenzo Langford, who cast the lone \"no\" vote on the creation of the district citing its inclusion."}], ["Pada 29 April 2011, sempadan bagi daerah pelancongan yang dikendalikan oleh negeri telah ditetapkan. Daerah ini termasuk kehadiran polis yang lebih berat, serta peningkatan kecantikan dan infrastruktur. CRDA akan mengawasi semua fungsi daerah dan akan membuat perubahan untuk menarik perniagaan dan tarikan baru. Pembinaan baru akan bercita-cita tinggi dan boleh menggunakan domain yang terkenal. <> Berapa tahun sempadan untuk daerah pelancongan yang dikendalikan oleh negeri akhirnya ditetapkan? || 2011 <> Apakah tiga perkara utama yang akan dimasukkan oleh daerah itu? || Daerah ini akan termasuk kehadiran polis yang lebih berat, serta peningkatan kecantikan dan infrastruktur <> Siapa yang akan mengawasi semua fungsi daerah baru? || CRDA <> Siapa yang akan membuat perubahan dalam daerah untuk menarik perniagaan dan tarikan baru? || CRDA <> Apa dua ciri yang disebut dalam pembinaan baru? || akan bercita-cita tinggi dan boleh menggunakan domain yang terkenal", {"qas": [{"question": "What year were the boundaries for the state-run tourism district finally set?", "id": "5706c3fa2eaba6190074acf8", "answers": [{"text": "2011", "answer_start": 13}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What were the three major things that the district would include?", "id": "5706c3fa2eaba6190074acf9", "answers": [{"text": "The district would include heavier police presence, as well as beautification and infrastructure improvements", "answer_start": 79}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who would oversee all functions of the new district?", "id": "5706c3fa2eaba6190074acfa", "answers": [{"text": "The CRDA", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who would make the changes within the district to attract new businesses and attractions?", "id": "5706c3fa2eaba6190074acfb", "answers": [{"text": "The CRDA", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two qualities were mentioned in regards to new construction?", "id": "5706c3fa2eaba6190074acfc", "answers": [{"text": "would be ambitious and may resort to eminent domain", "answer_start": 325}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "On April 29, 2011, the boundaries for the state-run tourism district were set. The district would include heavier police presence, as well as beautification and infrastructure improvements. The CRDA would oversee all functions of the district and will make changes to attract new businesses and attractions. New construction would be ambitious and may resort to eminent domain."}], ["Suruhanjaya Komuniti Amerika 2006-2010 Biro Banci menunjukkan bahawa (pada tahun 2010 inflasi disesuaikan dolar) pendapatan isi rumah median adalah $ 30,237 (dengan margin kesilapan +/- $ 2,354) dan pendapatan keluarga median adalah $ 35,488 (+/- $ 2,607). Lelaki mempunyai pendapatan median $ 32,207 (+/- $ 1,641) berbanding $ 29,298 (+/- $ 1,380) untuk wanita. Pendapatan per kapita untuk bandar adalah $ 20,069 (+/- $ 2,532). Kira-kira 23.1% keluarga dan 25.3% penduduk berada di bawah garis kemiskinan, termasuk 36.6% daripada mereka yang berumur 18 tahun ke bawah dan 16.8% daripada mereka berusia 65 tahun ke atas. <> Berapa pendapatan isi rumah median menurut Suruhanjaya Masyarakat Amerika? || $ 30,237 <> Berapakah pendapatan keluarga median mengikut Suruhanjaya Masyarakat Amerika? || $ 35,488 <> Berapakah pendapatan median bagi lelaki menurut Suruhanjaya Masyarakat Amerika? || $ 32,207 <> Berapa peratus penduduk berada di bawah garis kemiskinan? || 25.3%", {"qas": [{"question": "How much was the median household income according to the American Community Survey?", "id": "5706ba0c2eaba6190074ac8e", "answers": [{"text": "$30,237", "answer_start": 133}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much was the median family income according to the American Community Survey?", "id": "5706ba0c2eaba6190074ac8f", "answers": [{"text": "$35,488", "answer_start": 213}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How much was the median income for males according to the American Community Survey?", "id": "5706ba0c2eaba6190074ac90", "answers": [{"text": "$32,207", "answer_start": 264}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What percentage of the population was below the poverty line?", "id": "5706ba0c2eaba6190074ac92", "answers": [{"text": "25.3%", "answer_start": 415}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The Census Bureau's 2006\u20132010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $30,237 (with a margin of error of +/- $2,354) and the median family income was $35,488 (+/- $2,607). Males had a median income of $32,207 (+/- $1,641) versus $29,298 (+/- $1,380) for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,069 (+/- $2,532). About 23.1% of families and 25.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.6% of those under age 18 and 16.8% of those age 65 or over."}], ["Sehingga 2000 Banci Amerika Syarikat terdapat 40,517 orang, 15,848 isi rumah, dan 8,700 keluarga yang tinggal di bandar. Kepadatan penduduk ialah 3,569.8 orang setiap batu persegi (1,378.3 / km2). Terdapat 20,219 unit rumah pada ketumpatan purata 1,781.4 satu kilometer persegi (687.8 / km2). Ucapan perkauman bandar adalah 44.16% hitam atau Afrika Amerika, 26.68% Putih, 0.48% Amerika Asli, 10.40% Asia, 0.06% Pulau Pasifik, 13.76% kaum lain, dan 4.47% dari dua atau lebih kaum. 24.95% daripada populasi adalah Hispanik atau Latino mana-mana kaum. 19.44% penduduk adalah putih bukan-Hispanik. <> Menurut Banci Amerika Syarikat 2000, berapa orang yang tinggal di Atlantic City? || 40,517 <> Menurut Banci Amerika Syarikat 2000, apakah kepadatan populasi? || 3,569,8 orang per mil persegi <> Menurut Banci Amerika Syarikat 2000, berapa unit perumahan di Atlantic City? || 20,219 <> Menurut 2000 Banci Amerika Syarikat, berapa peratus penduduk Atlantic City adalah Hispanik atau Latino? || 24.95% <> Menurut Banci Amerika Syarikat 2000, berapa peratus penduduk di Atlantic City berwarna putih? || 26.68%", {"qas": [{"question": "According to the 2000 United States Census, how many people were living in Atlantic City?", "id": "5706bb542eaba6190074acaa", "answers": [{"text": "40,517", "answer_start": 47}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to the 2000 United States Census, what was the population density?", "id": "5706bb542eaba6190074acab", "answers": [{"text": "3,569.8 people per square mile", "answer_start": 149}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to the 2000 United States Census, how many housing units were there in Atlantic City?", "id": "5706bb542eaba6190074acac", "answers": [{"text": "20,219", "answer_start": 206}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to the 2000 United States Census, what percentage of the population of Atlantic City were Hispanic or Latino?", "id": "5706bb542eaba6190074acad", "answers": [{"text": "24.95%", "answer_start": 486}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to the 2000 United States Census, what percentage of the population of Atlantic City were white?", "id": "5706bb542eaba6190074acae", "answers": [{"text": "26.68%", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "As of the 2000 United States Census there were 40,517 people, 15,848 households, and 8,700 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,569.8 people per square mile (1,378.3/km2). There were 20,219 housing units at an average density of 1,781.4 per square mile (687.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 44.16% black or African American, 26.68% White, 0.48% Native American, 10.40% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 13.76% other races, and 4.47% from two or more races. 24.95% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 19.44% of the population was non-Hispanic whites."}], ["Pada bulan Julai 2010, Gabenor Chris Christie mengumumkan bahawa pengambilalihan negeri bandaraya dan kerajaan tempatan \"sudah dekat\". Membandingkan peraturan di Atlantic City kepada \"kereta antik\", pembaharuan pengawalseliaan Atlantik City adalah satu pelan utama rancangan Gov. Chris Christie, yang dilancarkan pada 22 Julai, untuk menghidupkan semula industri yang terperangkap dalam kemerosotan empat tahun dalam pendapatan dan dibelasah oleh persaingan segar dari kasino di sekitar negeri Delaware, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, dan lebih baru-baru ini, Maryland. Pada bulan Januari 2011, Chris Christie mengumumkan Daerah Pelancongan Atlantic City, sebuah daerah yang dikendalikan oleh kerajaan yang meliputi kasino boardwalk, kasino marina, Atlantic City Outlets, dan Bader Field. Undian PublicMind Fairleigh Dickinson University meninjau sikap pengundi New Jersey pada pengambilalihan. Suruhanjaya 16 Februari 2011 menunjukkan bahawa 43% menentang langkah sementara 29% menyukai pengawasan negeri langsung. Menariknya, tinjauan itu juga mendapati bahawa pengundi-pengundi di South Jersey juga menyatakan penentangan terhadap rancangan itu; 40% melaporkan mereka menentang langkah itu dan 37% melaporkan bahawa mereka menyokongnya. <> Pada tahun 2010, yang menyatakan bahawa pengambilalihan negeri bandaraya dan kerajaan tempatan Atlantic City sudah dekat? || Gabenor Chris Christie <> Apa item peraturan di Atlantic City berbanding dengan? || kereta antik <> Apa nama daerah yang akan merangkumi kasino boardwalk, kasino marina, Outlet City Atlantic, dan Bader Field? || Kawasan Pelancongan Atlantic City <> Menurut tinjauan pendapat, berapa peratus pengundi New Jersey menentang pengambilalihan Atlantic City oleh negara? || 43% <> Menurut tinjauan pendapat, berapa peratus pengundi New Jersey mengutamakan pengambilalihan Atlantic City oleh negara? || 29%", {"qas": [{"question": "In 2010, who stated that a state takeover of the city and local government of Atlantic City was imminent?", "id": "5706c2b22eaba6190074acee", "answers": [{"text": "Governor Chris Christie", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What item were the regulations in Atlantic City compared to?", "id": "5706c2b22eaba6190074acef", "answers": [{"text": "antique car", "answer_start": 165}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the district that would encompass the boardwalk casinos, the marina casinos, the Atlantic City Outlets, and Bader Field?", "id": "5706c2b22eaba6190074acf0", "answers": [{"text": "Atlantic City Tourism District", "answer_start": 532}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to a poll, what percentage of New Jersey voters opposed the takeover of Atlantic City by the state?", "id": "5706c2b22eaba6190074acf1", "answers": [{"text": "43%", "answer_start": 830}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "According to a poll, what percentage of New Jersey voters favored the takeover of Atlantic City by the state?", "id": "5706c2b22eaba6190074acf2", "answers": [{"text": "29%", "answer_start": 860}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In July 2010, Governor Chris Christie announced that a state takeover of the city and local government \"was imminent\". Comparing regulations in Atlantic City to an \"antique car\", Atlantic City regulatory reform is a key piece of Gov. Chris Christie's plan, unveiled on July 22, to reinvigorate an industry mired in a four-year slump in revenue and hammered by fresh competition from casinos in the surrounding states of Delaware, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and more recently, Maryland. In January 2011, Chris Christie announced the Atlantic City Tourism District, a state-run district encompassing the boardwalk casinos, the marina casinos, the Atlantic City Outlets, and Bader Field. Fairleigh Dickinson University's PublicMind poll surveyed New Jersey voters' attitudes on the takeover. The February 16, 2011 survey showed that 43% opposed the measure while 29% favored direct state oversight. Interestingly, the poll also found that even South Jersey voters expressed opposition to the plan; 40% reported they opposed the measure and 37% reported they were in favor of it."}], ["Eksekutif Caesars Entertainment telah menimbangkan semula masa depan tiga hartanah Atlantic City (Bally's, Caesars dan Harrah's), selepas Bab 11 kebankrapan difailkan oleh unit operasi kasino syarikat itu pada Januari 2015. <> Berapa banyak hartanah yang tersisa milik Caesars Entertainment? || tiga <> Apakah nama-nama dari tiga hartanah Caesars Entertainment yang tersisa? || Bally, Caesars dan Harrah's <> Jenis kebangkrutan apa yang dilakukan oleh Caesars Entertainment file? || Bab 11 <> Tahun berapakah Caesars Entertainment fail untuk muflis? || 2015 <> Unit mana yang Caesars Entertainment memfailkan kebankrapan pada tahun 2015? || unit operasi kasino", {"qas": [{"question": "How many remaining properties belong to Caesars Entertainment?", "id": "5706d97a2eaba6190074ad40", "answers": [{"text": "three", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the names of the three remaining Caesars Entertainment properties?", "id": "5706d97a2eaba6190074ad41", "answers": [{"text": "Bally's, Caesars and Harrah's", "answer_start": 119}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What type of bankruptcy did Caesars Entertainment file for?", "id": "5706d97a2eaba6190074ad42", "answers": [{"text": "Chapter 11", "answer_start": 168}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Caesars Entertainment file for bankruptcy?", "id": "5706d97a2eaba6190074ad43", "answers": [{"text": "2015", "answer_start": 247}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which unit of Caesars Entertainment filed for bankruptcy in 2015?", "id": "5706d97a2eaba6190074ad44", "answers": [{"text": "casino operating unit", "answer_start": 214}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Caesars Entertainment executives have been reconsidering the future of their three remaining Atlantic City properties (Bally's, Caesars and Harrah's), in the wake of a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing by the company's casino operating unit in January 2015."}], ["Atlantic City (kadang-kadang disebut sebagai \"Bandar Monopoli\") telah menjadi terkenal selama bertahun-tahun untuk penggambarannya di versi AS permainan papan popular, Monopoli, di mana sifat-sifat di papan dinamakan selepas lokasi di dan berhampiran Atlantic City . Walaupun penjelmaan semula permainan asal tidak memaparkan Atlantic City, ia berada di Indianapolis bahawa Ruth Hoskins belajar permainan itu, dan membawanya kembali ke Atlantic City. Selepas dia tiba, Hoskins membuat papan baru dengan nama jalan raya Atlantic City, dan mengajarnya kepada sekumpulan Quakers tempatan. <> Apa yang sering dirujuk oleh Atlantic City? || Monopoli City <> Nama banyak hartanah berhampiran Atlantic City digunakan di mana permainan papan popular? || Monopoli <> Siapa yang tahu permainan Monopoli dan membawanya ke Atlantic City? || Ruth Hoskins <> Lokasi apa yang asalnya dipaparkan dalam permainan Monopoli? || Indianapolis <> Siapa yang mengajar Ruth Hoskins permainan Monopoli? || sekumpulan Quakers tempatan", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Atlantic City sometimes referred to?", "id": "5706df8f90286e26004fc71d", "answers": [{"text": "Monopoly City", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The names of many properties near Atlantic City are used in which popular board game?", "id": "5706df8f90286e26004fc71e", "answers": [{"text": "Monopoly", "answer_start": 159}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who learned the game of Monopoly and took it to Atlantic City?", "id": "5706df8f90286e26004fc71f", "answers": [{"text": "Ruth Hoskins", "answer_start": 357}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What location was originally featured in the  Monopoly game? ", "id": "5706df8f90286e26004fc720", "answers": [{"text": "Indianapolis", "answer_start": 339}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who did Ruth Hoskins teach the game of Monopoly to?", "id": "5706df8f90286e26004fc721", "answers": [{"text": "a group of local Quakers", "answer_start": 517}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Atlantic City (sometimes referred to as \"Monopoly City\") has become well-known over the years for its portrayal in the U.S. version of the popular board game, Monopoly, in which properties on the board are named after locations in and near Atlantic City. While the original incarnation of the game did not feature Atlantic City, it was in Indianapolis that Ruth Hoskins learned the game, and took it back to Atlantic City. After she arrived, Hoskins made a new board with Atlantic City street names, and taught it to a group of local Quakers."}], ["Marvin Gardens, harta kuning terkemuka di papan yang ditunjukkan, sebenarnya salah satu daripada nama lokasi asal, \"Marven Gardens\". Pembohongan salah dikatakan telah diperkenalkan oleh Charles Todd dan diteruskan ketika papan Monopoli buatannya disalin oleh Charles Darrow dan dari situ Parker Brothers. Tidak sampai 1995 Parker Brothers mengakui kesilapan ini dan secara rasmi memohon maaf kepada penduduk Marven Gardens kerana salah ejaan walaupun kesilapan ejaan tidak diperbetulkan. <> Apa harta popular di Monopoli sebenarnya salah ejaan? || Marvin Gardens <> Apa nama harta asli yang Marvin Gardens mengambil namanya? || Marven Gardens <> Permainan manakah model Parker Brothers selepas permainan papan? || Charles Darrow <> Pada tahun apakah Parker Brothers mengakui dan meminta maaf atas kesilapan ejaan dalam permainan? || 1995 <> Siapa yang menyalin papan Monopoli Charles Todd? || Charles Darrow", {"qas": [{"question": "What popular property in Monopoly was actually a misspelling?", "id": "5706e5579e06ca38007e91fb", "answers": [{"text": "Marvin Gardens", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the original property that Marvin Gardens takes its name from?", "id": "5706e5579e06ca38007e91fc", "answers": [{"text": "Marven Gardens", "answer_start": 122}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Whose game did Parker Brothers model the board game after?", "id": "5706e5579e06ca38007e91fd", "answers": [{"text": "Charles Darrow", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did Parker Brothers acknowledge and apologize for a spelling error in the game?", "id": "5706e5579e06ca38007e91fe", "answers": [{"text": "1995", "answer_start": 326}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who copied Charles Todd's Monopoly board?", "id": "5706e5579e06ca38007e91ff", "answers": [{"text": "Charles Darrow", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Marvin Gardens, the leading yellow property on the board shown, is actually a misspelling of the original location name, \"Marven Gardens\". The misspelling was said to have been introduced by Charles Todd and passed on when his home-made Monopoly board was copied by Charles Darrow and thence Parker Brothers. It was not until 1995 that Parker Brothers acknowledged this mistake and formally apologized to the residents of Marven Gardens for the misspelling although the spelling error was not corrected."}], ["Berikutan kemelesetan ekonomi Amerika Syarikat dan pengesahan perjudian di negara bersebelahan dan berdekatan (termasuk Delaware, Maryland, New York, dan Pennsylvania), empat penutupan kasino berlaku pada tahun 2014: Kelab Atlantik pada 13 Januari; Showboat pada 31 Ogos; Revel, yang merupakan kasino terbaru kedua di Atlantic City, pada 2 September; dan Trump Plaza, yang pada mulanya dibuka pada 1984, dan merupakan kasino yang paling miskin di bandar, pada 16 September. <> Berapa banyak penutupan kasino berlaku di Atlantic City pada tahun 2014? || empat <> Apa nama kasino yang paling miskin di bandar yang akhirnya ditutup pada tahun 2014? || Trump Plaza <> Tahun apakah Trump Plaza dibuka pada mulanya? || 1984 <> Apa nama kasino kedua terbesar di Atlantic City yang akhirnya ditutup pada tahun 2014? || Revel <> Apa nama kasino pertama yang ditutup pada tahun 2014? || Kelab Atlantik", {"qas": [{"question": "How many casino closures took place in Atlantic City in 2014?", "id": "5706d70e2eaba6190074ad26", "answers": [{"text": "four", "answer_start": 175}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the poorest performing casino in the city that ultimately closed in 2014?", "id": "5706d70e2eaba6190074ad27", "answers": [{"text": "Trump Plaza", "answer_start": 355}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What year did Trump Plaza originally open?", "id": "5706d70e2eaba6190074ad28", "answers": [{"text": "1984", "answer_start": 395}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of Atlantic City's second-newest casino that ultimately closed in 2014?", "id": "5706d70e2eaba6190074ad29", "answers": [{"text": "Revel", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What was the name of the first casino to close in 2014?", "id": "5706d70e2eaba6190074ad2a", "answers": [{"text": "Atlantic Club", "answer_start": 220}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the wake of the United States' economic downturn and the legalization of gambling in adjacent and nearby states (including Delaware, Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania), four casino closures took place in 2014: the Atlantic Club on January 13; the Showboat on August 31; the Revel, which was Atlantic City's second-newest casino, on September 2; and Trump Plaza, which originally opened in 1984, and was the poorest performing casino in the city, on September 16."}], ["Eksekutif di Trump Entertainment Resorts, yang satu-satunya miliknya akan menjadi Trump Taj Mahal, berkata pada tahun 2013 bahawa mereka mempertimbangkan pilihan untuk menjual Taj dan menggulung dan keluar dari perniagaan dan perniagaan hotel. <> Apa harta baki tunggal yang dimiliki oleh Trump Entertainment Group? || Trump Taj Mahal <> Apa yang dikatakan Trump Entertainment Group bahawa mereka sedang mempertimbangkan melakukan dengan Trump Taj Mahal? || menjual <> Pada tahun apakah para eksekutif di Trump Entertainment Group mengatakan bahawa mereka sedang mempertimbangkan menjual Taj? || 2013 <> Mengapa eksekutif mengatakan bahawa mereka sedang mempertimbangkan menjual Taj? || menggulung dan keluar perniagaan dan perniagaan hotel <> Siapa yang bercakap untuk Trump Entertainment Group mengenai Taj dan apa yang mungkin dilakukan pada masa akan datang? || Eksekutif", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the sole remaining property owned by Trump Entertainment Group?", "id": "5706d85a2eaba6190074ad36", "answers": [{"text": "Trump Taj Mahal", "answer_start": 85}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What did Trump Entertainment Group say they were considering doing with the Trump Taj Mahal?", "id": "5706d85a2eaba6190074ad37", "answers": [{"text": "selling", "answer_start": 156}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did executives at Trump Entertainment Group say they were considering selling the Taj?", "id": "5706d85a2eaba6190074ad38", "answers": [{"text": "2013", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why did executives say they were considering selling the Taj?", "id": "5706d85a2eaba6190074ad39", "answers": [{"text": "winding down and exiting the gaming and hotel business", "answer_start": 176}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who spoke for the Trump Entertainment Group in regards to the Taj and what might be done in the future?", "id": "5706d85a2eaba6190074ad3a", "answers": [{"text": "Executives", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Executives at Trump Entertainment Resorts, whose sole remaining property will be the Trump Taj Mahal, said in 2013 that they were considering the option of selling the Taj and winding down and exiting the gaming and hotel business."}], ["Atlantic City dianggap sebagai \"Modal Perjudian Pantai Timur,\" dan kini mempunyai lapan kasino besar dan beberapa yang lebih kecil. Pada tahun 2011, kasino New Jersey menggunakan kira-kira 33,000 pekerja, mempunyai 28.5 juta pelawat, menghasilkan $ 3.3 bilion dalam pendapatan permainan, dan membayar $ 278 juta dalam cukai. Mereka dikawal selia oleh Suruhanjaya Kawalan Kasino New Jersey dan Bahagian Penguatkuasaan Permainan New Jersey. <> Apa yang diketahui oleh Atlantic City? || Gambling Capital of the East Coast <> Berapa banyak kasino besar yang terletak di Atlantic City? || lapan <> Kira-kira berapa ramai orang yang menjalankan kasino New Jersey pada tahun 2011? || 33,000 <> Berapa banyak orang melawat kasino New Jersey pada tahun 2011? || 28.5 juta <> Apa dua entiti yang mengawal selia kasino New Jersey? || Suruhanjaya Kawalan Kasino New Jersey dan Bahagian Penguatkuasaan Permainan New Jersey", {"qas": [{"question": "What is Atlantic City known for?", "id": "5706d4f80eeca41400aa0e5f", "answers": [{"text": "Gambling Capital of the East Coast", "answer_start": 36}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many large casinos are located in Atlantic City?", "id": "5706d4f80eeca41400aa0e60", "answers": [{"text": "eight", "answer_start": 91}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Approximately how many people did New Jersey casinos employ in 2011?", "id": "5706d4f80eeca41400aa0e61", "answers": [{"text": "33,000", "answer_start": 190}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Approximately how many people visited New Jersey's casinos in 2011?", "id": "5706d4f80eeca41400aa0e62", "answers": [{"text": "28.5 million", "answer_start": 212}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two entities regulate New Jersey's casino?", "id": "5706d4f80eeca41400aa0e63", "answers": [{"text": "New Jersey Casino Control Commission and the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement", "answer_start": 330}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Atlantic City is considered as the \"Gambling Capital of the East Coast,\" and currently has eight large casinos and several smaller ones. In 2011, New Jersey's casinos employed approximately 33,000 employees, had 28.5 million visitors, made $3.3 billion in gaming revenue, and paid $278 million in taxes. They are regulated by the New Jersey Casino Control Commission and the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement."}], ["Dewan Boardwalk, yang secara rasmi dikenali sebagai \"Dewan Konvensyen Atlantic City Bersejarah\", adalah sebuah arena di Atlantic City di sepanjang laluan tepi pantai. Boardwalk Hall adalah pusat konvensyen utama Atlantic City sehingga pembukaan Pusat Konvensyen Atlantic City pada tahun 1997. Atlantic City Convention Center termasuk ruang pameran 500,000 kaki persegi (46,000 m2), 5 bilik pameran, 45 bilik mesyuarat dengan 109,000 kaki persegi (10,100 m2) ruang, garaj dengan 1,400 tempat letak kereta, dan hotel Sheraton bersebelahan. Both Boardwalk Hall and Convention Centre dikendalikan oleh Atlantic City Convention & Visitors Authority. <> Apakah Dewan Boardwalk dahulunya dikenali sebagai? || Dewan Konvensyen Atlantic City bersejarah <> Apakah Dewan Boardwalk? || arena <> Pada tahun berapa bukankah Pusat Konvensyen Atlantic City yang baru dibuka? || 1997 <> Berapa banyak ruang kaki persegi ruang dimasukkan ke dalam Pusat Konvensyen Atlantic City? || 500,000 kaki persegi <Hotel apa yang bersebelahan dengan Pusat Konvensyen Atlantic City? || Hotel Sheraton", {"qas": [{"question": "What was Boardwalk Hall formerly known as?", "id": "5706de729e06ca38007e91cd", "answers": [{"text": "Historic Atlantic City Convention Hall", "answer_start": 39}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the Boardwalk Hall?", "id": "5706de729e06ca38007e91ce", "answers": [{"text": "an arena", "answer_start": 83}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In what year did the newer Atlantic City Convention Center open?", "id": "5706de729e06ca38007e91cf", "answers": [{"text": "1997", "answer_start": 251}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How many sq ft of showroom space is included in the Atlantic City Convention Center?", "id": "5706de729e06ca38007e91d0", "answers": [{"text": "500,000 sq ft", "answer_start": 302}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What hotel is adjacent to the Atlantic City Convention Center?", "id": "5706de729e06ca38007e91d1", "answers": [{"text": "Sheraton hotel", "answer_start": 474}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Boardwalk Hall, formally known as the \"Historic Atlantic City Convention Hall\", is an arena in Atlantic City along the boardwalk. Boardwalk Hall was Atlantic City's primary convention center until the opening of the Atlantic City Convention Center in 1997. The Atlantic City Convention Center includes 500,000 sq ft (46,000 m2) of showroom space, 5 exhibit halls, 45 meeting rooms with 109,000 sq ft (10,100 m2) of space, a garage with 1,400 parking spaces, and an adjacent Sheraton hotel. Both the Boardwalk Hall and Convention Center are operated by the Atlantic City Convention & Visitors Authority."}]], [["Penyakit yang paling terkenal yang mempengaruhi sistem imun itu sendiri ialah AIDS, yang disebabkan oleh penindasan CD4 + (\"helper\") sel T, sel dendritik dan makrofag oleh Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). <> Apakah penyakit sistem imun yang paling terkenal? || AIDS <> Apakah jenis penyakit yang AIDS? || yang immunodeficiency <> Apakah jenis sel yang ditindas oleh AIDS? || CD4 + (\"penolong\") Sel T, sel dendritik dan makrofag <> Apa virus khusus menindas sel-sel tersebut? || Virus Immunodeficiency Human (HIV)", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the most famous immune system disease?", "id": "5706ac3452bb891400689b54", "answers": [{"text": "AIDS", "answer_start": 69}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What kind of disease is AIDS?", "id": "5706ac3452bb891400689b55", "answers": [{"text": "an immunodeficiency", "answer_start": 75}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which types of cells are suppressed by AIDS?", "id": "5706ac3452bb891400689b56", "answers": [{"text": "CD4+ (\"helper\") T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages", "answer_start": 131}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What virus specifically suppresses those cells?", "id": "5706ac3452bb891400689b57", "answers": [{"text": "Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)", "answer_start": 195}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The most well-known disease that affects the immune system itself is AIDS, an immunodeficiency characterized by the suppression of CD4+ (\"helper\") T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)."}], ["Gangguan sistem imun yang lain termasuk pelbagai hipersensitiviti (seperti dalam asma dan alahan lain) yang bertindak balas dengan tidak sesuai dengan sebatian yang tidak berbahaya. <> Apakah jenis sistem kekebalan tubuh? || hipersensitivities <> Apakah beberapa contoh hypersensitivities? || asma dan alahan lain <> Apakah ciri hipersensitiviti? || bertindak balas dengan tidak sesuai untuk sebatian yang tidak berbahaya.", {"qas": [{"question": "What is a type of immune system disorder?", "id": "5706aa0a75f01819005e7ce6", "answers": [{"text": "hypersensitivities", "answer_start": 46}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are some examples of hypersensitivities?", "id": "5706aa0a75f01819005e7ce7", "answers": [{"text": "asthma and other allergies", "answer_start": 77}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What characterizes a hypersensitivity?", "id": "5706aa0a75f01819005e7ce8", "answers": [{"text": "respond inappropriately to otherwise harmless compounds.", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Other immune system disorders include various hypersensitivities (such as in asthma and other allergies) that respond inappropriately to otherwise harmless compounds."}], ["Penyelidikan imunologi terus menjadi lebih khusus, mengejar model imuniti dan fungsi sel-sel, organ-organ dan sistem-sistem yang tidak dikaitkan dengan sistem kekebalan (Yemeserach 2010). <> Dalam bidang imunologi, apakah aspek yang menjadi lebih khusus? || penyelidikan <> Kawasan baru yang mana imunologi belajar dengan lebih kerap? || model imuniti bukan klasik <> Penyelidikan terbaru ke dalam aspek-aspek baru imunologi memberi tumpuan kepada apa yang tiga elemen tubuh? || sel-sel, organ dan sistem <> Ketiga-tiga unsur-unsur badan ini mempunyai kepentingan baru atas sebab apa? || tidak pernah dikaitkan dengan sistem imun", {"qas": [{"question": "In the field of immunology, what aspect is becoming more specialized?", "id": "570632d275f01819005e7a74", "answers": [{"text": "research", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What new areas are immunologists studying with more frequency?", "id": "570632d275f01819005e7a75", "answers": [{"text": "non-classical models of immunity", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The latest research into newer aspects of immunology is focused on what three elements of the body?", "id": "570632d275f01819005e7a76", "answers": [{"text": "cells, organs and systems", "answer_start": 120}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "These three elements of the body are of new interest for what reason?", "id": "570632d275f01819005e7a77", "answers": [{"text": "not previously associated with the immune system", "answer_start": 146}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Immunological research continues to become more specialized, pursuing non-classical models of immunity and functions of cells, organs and systems not previously associated with the immune system (Yemeserach 2010)."}], ["Respons humoral (antibodi) ditakrifkan sebagai interaksi antara antibodi dan antigen. Antibodi adalah protein tertentu yang dikeluarkan dari sel-sel imun kelas tertentu yang dikenali sebagai limfosit B, manakala antigen ditakrifkan sebagai apa-apa yang menimbulkan penularan antibodi (\"anti\" badan \"gen\" erators). Imunologi terletak pada pemahaman mengenai sifat-sifat kedua entiti biologi ini dan tindak balas selular kepada kedua-duanya. <> Imunologi Humoral melibatkan interaksi antara dua unsur? || antibodi dan antigen <> Apakah antibodi yang terdiri daripada? || protein tertentu <> Apa sel-sel menghasilkan antibodi? || B limfosit <> Istilah \"antigen\" berakar dalam apa kata dua? || \"anti\" badan \"gen\" erators <> Imunologi adalah kajian jenis tindak balas terhadap antibodi dan antigen? || tindak balas selular", {"qas": [{"question": "Humoral immunology involves the interaction of what two elements?", "id": "57062eba75f01819005e7a3c", "answers": [{"text": "antibodies and antigens", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are antibodies comprised of?", "id": "57062eba75f01819005e7a3d", "answers": [{"text": "specific proteins", "answer_start": 110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What cells produce antibodies?", "id": "57062eba75f01819005e7a3e", "answers": [{"text": "B lymphocytes", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The term \"antigen\" is rooted in what two words?", "id": "57062eba75f01819005e7a3f", "answers": [{"text": "\"anti\"body \"gen\"erators", "answer_start": 280}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Immunology is the study of what type of responses to antibodies and antigens?", "id": "57062eba75f01819005e7a40", "answers": [{"text": "cellular response", "answer_start": 402}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The humoral (antibody) response is defined as the interaction between antibodies and antigens. Antibodies are specific proteins released from a certain class of immune cells known as B lymphocytes, while antigens are defined as anything that elicits the generation of antibodies (\"anti\"body \"gen\"erators). Immunology rests on an understanding of the properties of these two biological entities and the cellular response to both."}], ["Imunologi klinikal adalah kajian penyakit yang disebabkan oleh gangguan sistem imun (kegagalan, tindakan menyimpang, dan pertumbuhan malignan dari unsur-unsur selular sistem). Ia juga melibatkan penyakit sistem lain, di mana tindak balas imun memainkan peranan dalam ciri patologi dan klinikal. <> Kajian penyakit yang disebabkan oleh gangguan sistem imun dipanggil? || Imunologi klinikal <> Apakah tiga masalah sistem imun yang dikaji oleh imunologi klinikal? || kegagalan, tindakan menyimpang, dan pertumbuhan malignan <> Di manakah ketiga-tiga elemen ini boleh berlaku dalam sistem imun? || Unsur selular <> Apa lagi yang berkaitan dengan imunologi klinikal? || penyakit sistem lain <> Mengapa imunologi klinikal dilanjutkan ke kawasan tersebut? || Reaksi imun memainkan peranan dalam patologi dan ciri-ciri klinikal", {"qas": [{"question": "The study of diseases caused by immune system disorders is called?", "id": "5706a57852bb891400689b1a", "answers": [{"text": "Clinical immunology", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are three problems of the immune system studied by clinical immunology?", "id": "5706a57852bb891400689b1b", "answers": [{"text": "failure, aberrant action, and malignant growth", "answer_start": 87}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Where can these three elements occur in the immune system?", "id": "5706a57852bb891400689b1c", "answers": [{"text": "cellular elements", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What else does clinical immunology concern itself with?", "id": "5706a57852bb891400689b1d", "answers": [{"text": "diseases of other systems", "answer_start": 192}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why does clinical immunology extend to those areas?", "id": "5706a57852bb891400689b1e", "answers": [{"text": "immune reactions play a part in the pathology and clinical features", "answer_start": 225}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Clinical immunology is the study of diseases caused by disorders of the immune system (failure, aberrant action, and malignant growth of the cellular elements of the system). It also involves diseases of other systems, where immune reactions play a part in the pathology and clinical features."}], ["Kajian mengenai komponen molekul dan selular yang terdiri daripada sistem imun, termasuk fungsi dan interaksi mereka, adalah ilmu imunologi utama. Sistem kekebalan tubuh telah dibahagikan kepada sistem kekebalan semula jadi yang lebih primitif dan, dalam vertebrata, sistem kekebalan yang diperoleh atau adaptif. Yang terakhir dibahagikan kepada komponen humoral (atau antibodi) dan sel-mediasi sel. <> Apakah asas, sistem primitif sistem imun yang dikenali sebagai? || Sistem imun semula jadi <> Vertebrat juga mempunyai jenis komponen sistem imun? || memperoleh atau sistem imun adaptif <> Apakah satu jenis komponen sistem imun adaptif? || humoral (atau antibodi) <> Namakan jenis lain komponen sistem imun adaptif? || sel-mediated <> Sistem kekebalan keseluruhannya umumnya terdiri daripada jenis struktur apa? || komponen molekul dan selular", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the basic, primitive part of the immune system known as?", "id": "5706265075f01819005e79f6", "answers": [{"text": "innate immune system", "answer_start": 221}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Vertebrates also have what type of immune system component?", "id": "5706265075f01819005e79f7", "answers": [{"text": "acquired or adaptive immune system", "answer_start": 266}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one type of adaptive immune system component?", "id": "5706265075f01819005e79f8", "answers": [{"text": "humoral (or antibody)", "answer_start": 337}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Name the other type of adaptive immune system component?", "id": "5706265075f01819005e79f9", "answers": [{"text": "cell-mediated", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The total immune system is generally composed of what types of structures?", "id": "5706265075f01819005e79fa", "answers": [{"text": "molecular and cellular components", "answer_start": 17}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The study of the molecular and cellular components that comprise the immune system, including their function and interaction, is the central science of immunology. The immune system has been divided into a more primitive innate immune system and, in vertebrates, an acquired or adaptive immune system. The latter is further divided into humoral (or antibody) and cell-mediated components."}], ["Banyak komponen sistem imun selular biasanya bersifat selular dan tidak dikaitkan dengan mana-mana organ tertentu; tetapi tertanam atau beredar di pelbagai tisu yang terdapat di seluruh badan. <> Struktur komponen sistem imun boleh digambarkan sebagai apa? || biasanya bersifat selular <> Adakah tisu imun biasanya tetap dengan organ tertentu biasanya? || tidak berkaitan dengan mana-mana organ tertentu <> Apa salah satu cara struktur sel-sel sistem kekebalan tubuh di dalam badan? || tertanam <> Apa cara lain tisu ini ditempatkan di dalam tubuh? || beredar", {"qas": [{"question": "The structure of immune system components can be described as what?", "id": "57061c5c52bb8914006898b8", "answers": [{"text": "typically cellular in nature", "answer_start": 41}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Are immune tissues typically fixed with specific organs usually?", "id": "57061c5c52bb8914006898b9", "answers": [{"text": "not associated with any specific organ", "answer_start": 74}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is one way the cellular structures of the immune system are housed in the body?", "id": "57061c5c52bb8914006898ba", "answers": [{"text": "embedded", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is another way these tissues are housed within the body?", "id": "57061c5c52bb8914006898bb", "answers": [{"text": "circulating", "answer_start": 141}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Many components of the immune system are typically cellular in nature and not associated with any specific organ; but rather are embedded or circulating in various tissues located throughout the body."}], ["Hubungan imunologi klasik dengan bidang epidemiologi dan perubatan. Ia mengkaji hubungan antara sistem badan, patogen, dan imuniti. Penyebutan imunitas yang paling awal dapat dikesan kembali ke wabah Athena pada tahun 430 SM. Thucydides menyatakan bahawa orang yang telah sembuh dari serangan penyakit sebelumnya dapat mengubati orang sakit tanpa mengidap penyakit itu untuk kali kedua. Banyak masyarakat kuno yang lain mempunyai rujukan kepada fenomena ini, tetapi tidak sampai abad ke-19 dan ke-20 sebelum konsep itu berkembang menjadi teori saintifik. <> Yang dua bidang pengajian dikaitkan dengan imunologi? || epidemiologi dan ubat <> Imunologi mengkaji bagaimana tiga kawasan mempengaruhi satu sama lain? || sistem badan, patogen, dan imuniti <> Bilakah pertama disebutkan mengenai imuniti yang berkaitan dengan badan? || 430 BCE <> Ahli sejarah Yunani mana yang membuat notasi itu? || Thucydides <> Kapan imunologi mula dikodifikasikan sebagai teori saintifik? || Abad ke-19 dan ke-20", {"qas": [{"question": "Which two fields of study are associated with immunology?", "id": "57061fb875f01819005e79c0", "answers": [{"text": "epidemiology and medicine", "answer_start": 48}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Immunology studies how which three areas impact one another?", "id": "57061fb875f01819005e79c1", "answers": [{"text": "the body systems, pathogens, and immunity", "answer_start": 111}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was the first written mention of immunity as it pertains to the body?", "id": "57061fb875f01819005e79c2", "answers": [{"text": "430 BCE", "answer_start": 241}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which Greek historian made that notation?", "id": "57061fb875f01819005e79c3", "answers": [{"text": "Thucydides", "answer_start": 250}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When did immunology start to become codified as a scientific theory?", "id": "57061fb875f01819005e79c4", "answers": [{"text": "19th and 20th centuries", "answer_start": 491}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Classical immunology ties in with the fields of epidemiology and medicine. It studies the relationship between the body systems, pathogens, and immunity. The earliest written mention of immunity can be traced back to the plague of Athens in 430 BCE. Thucydides noted that people who had recovered from a previous bout of the disease could nurse the sick without contracting the illness a second time. Many other ancient societies have references to this phenomenon, but it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries before the concept developed into scientific theory."}], ["Sebelum penunjukan imuniti dari immunis akar etimologi, yang Latin untuk \"dikecualikan\"; pakar perubatan awal yang mempunyai ciri-ciri organ yang kemudiannya terbukti sebagai komponen penting sistem imun. Organ limfoid penting sistem imun adalah timus dan sumsum tulang, dan tisu utama limfatik seperti limpa, amandel, pembuluh limfa, nodus limfa, adenoid, dan hati. Apabila keadaan kesihatan bertambah buruk kepada status kecemasan, bahagian organ-organ sistem imun termasuk timus, limpa, sumsum tulang, kelenjar getah bening dan tisu limfa yang lain boleh dibuang ke pembedahan untuk pemeriksaan sementara pesakit masih hidup. <> Istilah imunologi berasal dari perkataan Latin yang bermaksud apa? || mengecualikan <> Apakah organ-organ utama sistem kekebalan tubuh? || timus dan sumsum tulang, dan tisu utama limfatik seperti limpa, amandel, limfa, kelenjar getah bening, adenoid dan hati <> Siapakah yang mula-mula menemui bahagian-bahagian sistem imun ini? || pakar perubatan awal <> Bagaimana doktor mengkaji organ sistem imun pesakit dalam situasi kecemasan? || pembedahan yang dikeluarkan untuk pemeriksaan sementara pesakit masih hidup <> Bahagian mana yang mana sistem imun boleh dikeluarkan dengan selamat dalam kes-kes kecemasan? || timus, limpa, sumsum tulang, nodus limfa dan tisu limfa yang lain", {"qas": [{"question": "The term immunology is derived from a Latin word that means what?", "id": "57061a3352bb8914006898a4", "answers": [{"text": "exempt", "answer_start": 93}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are the major organs of the immune system?", "id": "57061a3352bb8914006898a5", "answers": [{"text": "thymus and bone marrow, and chief lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, and liver", "answer_start": 272}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Who originally discovered these parts of the immune system?", "id": "57061a3352bb8914006898a6", "answers": [{"text": "early physicians", "answer_start": 102}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How do physicians study a patient's immune system organs in emergency situations?", "id": "57061a3352bb8914006898a7", "answers": [{"text": "surgically excised for examination while patients are still alive", "answer_start": 572}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which portions of the immune system can be safely removed in these emergency cases?", "id": "57061a3352bb8914006898a8", "answers": [{"text": "thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues", "answer_start": 496}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Prior to the designation of immunity from the etymological root immunis, which is Latin for \"exempt\"; early physicians characterized organs that would later be proven as essential components of the immune system. The important lymphoid organs of the immune system are the thymus and bone marrow, and chief lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, and liver. When health conditions worsen to emergency status, portions of immune system organs including the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues can be surgically excised for examination while patients are still alive."}], ["Imunologi adalah cabang sains bioperubatan yang meliputi kajian sistem imun di semua organisma. Carta, langkah, dan konteksnya: fungsi fisiologi sistem imun di negeri-negeri kedua-dua kesihatan dan penyakit; malfungsi sistem imun dalam gangguan imunologi (seperti penyakit autoimun, hipersensitiviti, kekurangan imun, dan penolakan pemindahan); ciri fizikal, kimia dan fisiologi komponen sistem imun secara in vitro, in situ, dan in vivo. Imunologi mempunyai aplikasi dalam pelbagai disiplin perubatan, terutamanya dalam bidang pemindahan organ, onkologi, virologi, bakteriologi, parasitologi, psikiatri, dan dermatologi. <> Secara umumnya, apakah kajian imunologi? || sistem imun dalam semua organisma <> Imunologi mengkaji fungsi sistem imun di mana dua keadaan menjadi? || kedua-dua kesihatan dan penyakit <> Namakan tiga jenis gangguan imunologi? || penyakit autoimun, hipersensitivities, kekurangan imun, dan penolakan transplantasi <> Imunologi mengkaji sistem imun di mana tiga tahap kewujudan? || in vitro, in situ, dan in vivo <> Apakah disiplin dalam bidang perubatan mempunyai aplikasi imunologi yang sangat kuat? || pemindahan organ, onkologi, virologi, bakteriologi, parasitologi, psikiatri, dan dermatologi", {"qas": [{"question": "In general, what does immunology study?", "id": "57060dce52bb891400689816", "answers": [{"text": "immune systems in all organisms", "answer_start": 70}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Immunology studies the functioning of the immune system in which two states of being?", "id": "57060dce52bb891400689817", "answers": [{"text": "both health and diseases", "answer_start": 208}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Name three types of immunological disorders?", "id": "57060dce52bb891400689818", "answers": [{"text": "autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, and transplant rejection", "answer_start": 304}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Immunology studies the immune system in which three stages of existence?", "id": "57060dce52bb891400689819", "answers": [{"text": "in vitro, in situ, and in vivo", "answer_start": 487}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What disciplines in medicine have particularly strong immunology applications?", "id": "57060dce52bb89140068981a", "answers": [{"text": "organ transplantation, oncology, virology, bacteriology, parasitology, psychiatry, and dermatology", "answer_start": 614}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Immunology is a branch of biomedical science that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms. It charts, measures, and contextualizes the: physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (such as autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, and transplant rejection); the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. Immunology has applications in numerous disciplines of medicine, particularly in the fields of organ transplantation, oncology, virology, bacteriology, parasitology, psychiatry, and dermatology."}], ["Biosains adalah keseluruhan utama di mana pelajar sarjana yang berminat untuk kesejahteraan umum mengambil di kolej. Imunologi adalah cawangan biosains untuk program sarjana muda tetapi major mendapat spesifikasi sebagai pelajar melanjutkan pelajaran untuk program siswazah dalam imunologi. Matlamat imunologi adalah mengkaji kesihatan manusia dan haiwan melalui penyelidikan yang berkesan dan konsisten, (AAAAI, 2013). Perkara yang paling penting tentang menjadi imunologi adalah penyelidikan kerana ia adalah bahagian terbesar pekerjaan mereka. <> Apa disiplin yang boleh menuntut pelajar yang berminat dalam kajian kesihatan umum? || Biosains <> Imunologi adalah cabang dari bidang pengajian yang lebih besar? || Biosains <> Matlamat imunologi adalah untuk mengkaji makhluk apa? || manusia dan haiwan <> Sebahagian besar daripada pekerjaan imunologi adalah apa? || penyelidikan <> Apa dua syarat yang dikenakan untuk kajian imunologi yang baik? || penyelidikan yang berkesan dan konsisten", {"qas": [{"question": "What discipline can undergraduate students interested in general health study?", "id": "5706facf9e06ca38007e927b", "answers": [{"text": "Bioscience", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Immunology is a branch of what larger field of study?", "id": "5706facf9e06ca38007e927c", "answers": [{"text": "bioscience", "answer_start": 148}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The goal of an immunologist is to study what beings?", "id": "5706facf9e06ca38007e927d", "answers": [{"text": "humans and animals", "answer_start": 319}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The biggest part of an immunologist's job is what?", "id": "5706facf9e06ca38007e927e", "answers": [{"text": "research", "answer_start": 454}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What two conditions apply to good immunological study?", "id": "5706facf9e06ca38007e927f", "answers": [{"text": "effective yet consistent research", "answer_start": 346}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Bioscience is the overall major in which undergraduate students who are interested in general well-being take in college. Immunology is a branch of bioscience for undergraduate programs but the major gets specified as students move on for graduate program in immunology. The aim of immunology is to study the health of humans and animals through effective yet consistent research, (AAAAI, 2013). The most important thing about being immunologists is the research because it is the biggest portion of their jobs."}], ["Semasa remaja, tubuh manusia menjalani pelbagai perubahan fizikal, fisiologi dan imunologi yang dicetuskan dan dimediasi oleh hormon, yang paling penting pada wanita ialah 17-\u03b2-oestradiol (estrogen) dan, pada lelaki, adalah testosteron. Oestradiol biasanya mula bertindak sekitar umur 10 tahun dan testosteron beberapa bulan kemudian. Terdapat bukti bahawa steroid ini bertindak secara langsung bukan hanya pada ciri-ciri seksual primer dan sekunder tetapi juga memberi kesan kepada pembangunan dan pengawalan sistem kekebalan tubuh, termasuk peningkatan risiko dalam membangunkan autoimun pubescent dan post-pubescent. Terdapat juga beberapa bukti bahawa reseptor permukaan sel pada sel B dan makrofag dapat mengesan hormon seks dalam sistem. <> Apakah pemicu utama untuk perubahan imunologi pada remaja? || hormon <> Apa hormon spesifik yang memangkinkan perubahan ini pada wanita? || 17-\u03b2-oestradiol (estrogen) <> Yang hormon tertentu merangsang perubahan imunologi pada lelaki? || testosteron <> Perubahan imunologi remaja juga boleh menyebabkan apa? || peningkatan risiko dalam membangun autoimmunity pubescent dan post-pubescent <> Bukti menunjukkan bahawa reseptor pada sel B boleh melakukan apa? || mengesan hormon seks dalam sistem", {"qas": [{"question": "What is the primary trigger for immunological changes in teens?", "id": "5706e5b49e06ca38007e9205", "answers": [{"text": "hormones", "answer_start": 129}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What specific hormone catalyzes these changes in females?", "id": "5706e5b49e06ca38007e9206", "answers": [{"text": "17-\u03b2-oestradiol (an oestrogen)", "answer_start": 183}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Which specific hormone precipitates the change in immunology in males?", "id": "5706e5b49e06ca38007e9207", "answers": [{"text": "testosterone", "answer_start": 232}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Adolescent immunological changes can also result in what?", "id": "5706e5b49e06ca38007e9208", "answers": [{"text": "increased risk in developing pubescent and post-pubescent autoimmunity", "answer_start": 541}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Evidence suggests that receptors on B cells may do what?", "id": "5706e5b49e06ca38007e9209", "answers": [{"text": "detect sex hormones in the system", "answer_start": 700}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "During adolescence, the human body undergoes various physical, physiological and immunological changes triggered and mediated by hormones, of which the most significant in females is 17-\u03b2-oestradiol (an oestrogen) and, in males, is testosterone. Oestradiol usually begins to act around the age of 10 and testosterone some months later. There is evidence that these steroids act directly not only on the primary and secondary sexual characteristics but also have an effect on the development and regulation of the immune system, including an increased risk in developing pubescent and post-pubescent autoimmunity. There is also some evidence that cell surface receptors on B cells and macrophages may detect sex hormones in the system."}], ["Kebanyakan sekolah imunologi siswazah mengikuti imunologi kursus AAI yang ditawarkan di banyak sekolah di Amerika Syarikat. Contohnya, di New York State, ada beberapa universiti yang menawarkan imunologi kursus AAI: Kolej Perubatan Albany, Cornell University, Sekolah Perubatan Icahn di Gunung Sinai, Universiti New York Pusat Perubatan Langone, Universiti di Albany (SUNY), Universiti di Buffalo (SUNY), Pusat Perubatan Universiti Rochester dan Universiti Perubatan Upstate (SUNY). Kursus imunologi AAI merangkumi Kursus Pengenalan dan Kursus Advance. Kursus Pengenalan adalah kursus yang memberi gambaran kepada pelajar tentang asas-asas imunologi. <> Kebanyakan sekolah siswazah yang mengkhusus dalam imunologi mengikuti parameter organisasi apa? || AAI kursus <> Apakah nama sekolah imunologi di Gunung Sinai? || Icahn School of Medicine <> Kursus imunologi AAI termasuk apa dua komponen? || Kursus Pengenalan dan Kursus Advance <> Apakah kursus pengenalan imunologi AAI lakukan? || memberi pelajar gambaran mengenai asas imunologi <> Pusat Perubatan Langone adalah sebahagian daripada kolej apa? || Universiti New York", {"qas": [{"question": "Most graduate schools specializing in immunology follow what organization's parameters?", "id": "5706fbf590286e26004fc7a5", "answers": [{"text": "AAI courses", "answer_start": 44}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What is the name of the immunology school at Mount Sinai?", "id": "5706fbf590286e26004fc7a6", "answers": [{"text": "Icahn School of Medicine", "answer_start": 281}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "AAI immunology courses include what two components?", "id": "5706fbf590286e26004fc7a7", "answers": [{"text": "Introductory Course and an Advance Course", "answer_start": 541}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What does the introductory AAI immunology course do?", "id": "5706fbf590286e26004fc7a8", "answers": [{"text": "gives students an overview of the basics of immunology", "answer_start": 625}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The Langone Medical Center is part of what college?", "id": "5706fbf590286e26004fc7a9", "answers": [{"text": "New York University", "answer_start": 322}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Most graduate immunology schools follow the AAI courses immunology which are offered throughout numerous schools in the United States. For example, in New York State, there are several universities that offer the AAI courses immunology: Albany Medical College, Cornell University, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York University Langone Medical Center, University at Albany (SUNY), University at Buffalo (SUNY), University of Rochester Medical Center and Upstate Medical University (SUNY). The AAI immunology courses include an Introductory Course and an Advance Course. The Introductory Course is a course that gives students an overview of the basics of immunology."}], ["Pada pertengahan tahun 1950-an, Frank Burnet, diilhamkan oleh cadangan yang dibuat oleh Niels Jerne, merumuskan teori seleksi kekeluargaan (CST) kekebalan. Berdasarkan CST, Burnet mengembangkan teori bagaimana tindak balas imun dipicu berdasarkan pembedaan diri / diri sendiri: unsur \"diri\" (konstituen tubuh) tidak mencetuskan tanggapan imun yang merosakkan, sementara entiti \"diri sendiri\" patogen, allograft) mencetuskan tindak balas imun yang merosakkan. Teori ini kemudiannya diubahsuai untuk mencerminkan penemuan baru mengenai histocompatibility atau \"dua-isyarat\" pengaktifan sel T yang rumit. Teori imuniti diri sendiri dan diri sendiri dan perbendaharaan kata diri / diri sendiri telah dikritik, tetapi tetap sangat berpengaruh. <> Apa saintis perubatan yang pertama mencadangkan teori pemilihan clonal imunologi? || Frank Burnet <> Apa yang mencetuskan tindak balas imun mengikut CST? || diri / diri sendiri perbezaan <> Dalam CST, apa yang mencetuskan tindak balas imun yang merosakkan? || \"entiti sendiri\" entiti (mis. patogen, alga) <> Apa harta sel T menyebabkan pengubahsuaian CST? || pengaktifan dua \"isyarat\" rumit <> Bila teori teori pemilihan pertama dicadangkan? || Pada pertengahan tahun 1950-an", {"qas": [{"question": "What medical scientist first proposed the clonal selection theory of immunology?", "id": "5706f93b9e06ca38007e9267", "answers": [{"text": "Frank Burnet", "answer_start": 18}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What triggers an immune response according to CST?", "id": "5706f93b9e06ca38007e9268", "answers": [{"text": "self/nonself distinction", "answer_start": 239}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "In CST, what triggers a destructive immune response?", "id": "5706f93b9e06ca38007e9269", "answers": [{"text": "\"nonself\" entities (e.g., pathogens, an allograft)", "answer_start": 363}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What property of T cells caused modification of CST?", "id": "5706f93b9e06ca38007e926a", "answers": [{"text": "the complex \"two-signal\" activation", "answer_start": 542}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "When was clonal selection theory first proposed?", "id": "5706f93b9e06ca38007e926b", "answers": [{"text": "In the mid-1950s", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In the mid-1950s, Frank Burnet, inspired by a suggestion made by Niels Jerne, formulated the clonal selection theory (CST) of immunity. On the basis of CST, Burnet developed a theory of how an immune response is triggered according to the self/nonself distinction: \"self\" constituents (constituents of the body) do not trigger destructive immune responses, while \"nonself\" entities (e.g., pathogens, an allograft) trigger a destructive immune response. The theory was later modified to reflect new discoveries regarding histocompatibility or the complex \"two-signal\" activation of T cells. The self/nonself theory of immunity and the self/nonself vocabulary have been criticized, but remain very influential."}], ["Imunologi sangat bereksperimen dalam amalan sehari-hari tetapi juga dicirikan oleh sikap teoretikal berterusan. Banyak teori telah dicadangkan dalam imunologi dari akhir abad kesembilan belas hingga masa kini. Akhir abad ke-19 dan permulaan abad ke-20 menyaksikan pertarungan antara teori \"selular\" dan \"humoral\" teori imuniti. Menurut teori sel imuniti, yang diwakili khususnya oleh Elie Metchnikoff, ia adalah sel - lebih tepat lagi, phagocyte - yang bertanggungjawab terhadap tindak balas imun. Sebaliknya, teori kekebalan kekebalan yang dipegang oleh Robert Koch dan Emil von Behring, antara lain, menyatakan bahawa agen imun yang aktif adalah komponen larut (molekul) yang terdapat dalam \"humor\" organisma daripada sel-selnya. <> Amalan rutin immunologi boleh dicirikan dengan baik? || sangat eksperimental <> Apakah dua teori bertentangan mengenai imunologi awal abad ke-20? || \"selular\" dan \"humoral\" <> Imunologi selular menyatakan teori bahawa sel-sel yang menyebabkan tindak balas imun? || fagosit <> imunologi Humoral berteori bahawa asal-usul sistem imun terletak pada apa? || komponen larut (molekul) <> Daripada sel-sel, dalam imunologi humoral di mana molekul-molekul yang menyebabkan tindak balas imun tinggal? || \"humor\" organisma", {"qas": [{"question": "The routine practice of immunology can best be characterized as?", "id": "5706f5de90286e26004fc763", "answers": [{"text": "strongly experimental", "answer_start": 14}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What are two opposing theories of early 20th century immunology?", "id": "5706f5de90286e26004fc764", "answers": [{"text": "\"cellular\" and \"humoral\"", "answer_start": 317}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Cellular immunology expressed the theory that what cells caused immune responses?", "id": "5706f5de90286e26004fc765", "answers": [{"text": "phagocytes", "answer_start": 488}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Humoral immunology theorized that the origin of the immune system lay in what?", "id": "5706f5de90286e26004fc766", "answers": [{"text": "soluble components (molecules)", "answer_start": 688}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Rather than cells, in humoral immunology where did the molecules that cause immune response reside?", "id": "5706f5de90286e26004fc767", "answers": [{"text": "the organism\u2019s \u201chumors\u201d", "answer_start": 728}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Immunology is strongly experimental in everyday practice but is also characterized by an ongoing theoretical attitude. Many theories have been suggested in immunology from the end of the nineteenth century up to the present time. The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century saw a battle between \"cellular\" and \"humoral\" theories of immunity. According to the cellular theory of immunity, represented in particular by Elie Metchnikoff, it was cells \u2013 more precisely, phagocytes \u2013 that were responsible for immune responses. In contrast, the humoral theory of immunity, held by Robert Koch and Emil von Behring, among others, stated that the active immune agents were soluble components (molecules) found in the organism\u2019s \u201chumors\u201d rather than its cells."}], ["Di samping itu, Kursus Pengenalan ini memberikan pelajar lebih banyak maklumat untuk melengkapi biologi umum atau latihan sains. Ia juga mempunyai dua bahagian yang berbeza: Bahagian I adalah pengenalan kepada prinsip-prinsip asas imunologi dan Bahagian II adalah siri kuliah yang berorientasi klinikal. Sebaliknya, Kursus Lanjutan merupakan kursus lain bagi mereka yang sanggup mengembangkan atau mengemaskini pemahaman mereka mengenai imunologi. Adalah dinasihatkan untuk pelajar yang ingin menghadiri Kursus Lanjutan untuk mempunyai latar belakang prinsip imunologi. Kebanyakan sekolah memerlukan pelajar mengambil pilihan lain untuk melengkapkan tahap mereka. Ijazah Sarjana memerlukan dua tahun pengajian berikutan pencapaian ijazah sarjana muda. Untuk program kedoktoran, diperlukan dua tahun pengajian tambahan. <> Bahagian 1 kursus pengenalan imunologi AAI dimaksudkan untuk menjadi apa? || pengenalan kepada prinsip asas imunologi <> Bahagian 2 kursus pengenalan imunologi AAI berkisar mengenai apa? || siri kuliah yang berorientasikan klinikal <> Apa prasyarat yang perlu disertakan dalam kursus imunologi maju? || latar belakang prinsip imunologi <> Berapa lamakah biasanya diperlukan untuk mendapatkan ijazah Sarjana? || dua tahun belajar <> Program apa yang memerlukan tambahan dua tahun belajar? || program doktoral", {"qas": [{"question": "Part 1 of the AAI introductory immunology course is meant to be what?", "id": "5706fd4e90286e26004fc7af", "answers": [{"text": "an introduction to the basic principles of immunology", "answer_start": 164}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Part 2 of the AAI introductory immunology course revolves around what?", "id": "5706fd4e90286e26004fc7b0", "answers": [{"text": "clinically-oriented lecture series", "answer_start": 235}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What pre-requisite should enrollees in the advanced immunology course have?", "id": "5706fd4e90286e26004fc7b1", "answers": [{"text": "a background of the principles of immunology", "answer_start": 483}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "How long does it typically take to earn a Master's degree?", "id": "5706fd4e90286e26004fc7b2", "answers": [{"text": "two years of study", "answer_start": 640}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What program requires an additional two years of study?", "id": "5706fd4e90286e26004fc7b3", "answers": [{"text": "a doctoral programme", "answer_start": 712}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "In addition, this Introductory Course gives students more information to complement general biology or science training. It also has two different parts: Part I is an introduction to the basic principles of immunology and Part II is a clinically-oriented lecture series. On the other hand, the Advanced Course is another course for those who are willing to expand or update their understanding of immunology. It is advised for students who want to attend the Advanced Course to have a background of the principles of immunology. Most schools require students to take electives in other to complete their degrees. A Master\u2019s degree requires two years of study following the attainment of a bachelor's degree. For a doctoral programme it is required to take two additional years of study."}], ["Keupayaan tubuh untuk bertindak balas terhadap antigen bergantung pada umur seseorang, jenis antigen, faktor ibu dan kawasan di mana antigen disajikan. Neonates dikatakan berada dalam keadaan kekurangan fisiologi, kerana kedua-dua tindak balas imunologi semula jadi dan adaptif mereka sangat ditindas. Sebaik sahaja dilahirkan, sistem imun kanak-kanak bertindak balas dengan baik terhadap antigen protein sementara tidak juga kepada glikoprotein dan polisakarida. Sebenarnya, banyak jangkitan yang diperolehi oleh neonat disebabkan oleh organisma beracun rendah seperti Staphylococcus dan Pseudomonas. Dalam neonat, aktiviti opsonik dan keupayaan untuk mengaktifkan cascade pelengkap sangat terhad. Sebagai contoh, tahap purata C3 pada bayi yang baru lahir adalah kira-kira 65% daripada yang terdapat pada orang dewasa. Aktiviti phagocytic juga sangat merosot pada bayi baru lahir. Ini disebabkan oleh aktiviti opsonik yang lebih rendah, serta pengawalan penyerapan integrin dan selectin yang berkurang, yang mengehadkan keupayaan neutrofil untuk berinteraksi dengan molekul melekat di endothelium. Monosit mereka lambat dan mempunyai pengeluaran ATP yang berkurangan, yang juga mengehadkan aktiviti phagocytic yang baru lahir. Walaupun, jumlah limfosit total jauh lebih tinggi daripada orang dewasa, imuniti selular dan humoral juga terjejas. Sel-sel penyajian antigen pada bayi yang baru lahir mempunyai keupayaan untuk mengurangkan sel T. Selain itu, sel-sel T pada bayi baru lahir berkembang dengan lancar dan menghasilkan sejumlah kecil sitokin seperti IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, dan IFN-g yang mengehadkan kapasiti mereka untuk mengaktifkan respon humoral serta aktiviti phagocitic macrophage. Sel B berkembang lebih awal semasa kehamilan tetapi tidak sepenuhnya aktif. <> Apakah empat faktor yang menentukan bagaimana tubuh bertindak balas kepada antigen? || umur seseorang, jenis antigen, faktor ibu dan kawasan <> Mengapa bayi yang baru lahir digambarkan sebagai fisiologi yang immunodeficient? || kedua-dua tindak balas imunologi semula jadi dan penyesuaian mereka sangat ditindas <> Bayi yang baru lahir terdedah kepada jangkitan yang disebabkan oleh? || organisma virulen yang rendah seperti Staphylococcus dan Pseudomonas <> Kegiatan apa juga yang berkurangan dalam bayi baru lahir? || Fagositik <> Sel antigen pada bayi baru lahir juga berjuang untuk melakukan ini? || mengaktifkan sel T", {"qas": [{"question": "What are the four factors that determine how the body reacts to an antigen?", "id": "5706e1209e06ca38007e91d7", "answers": [{"text": "person's age, antigen type, maternal factors and the area", "answer_start": 55}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Why are newborns described as being physiologically immunodeficient?", "id": "5706e1209e06ca38007e91d8", "answers": [{"text": "both their innate and adaptive immunological responses are greatly suppressed", "answer_start": 223}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Newborns are particularly susceptible to infections caused by?", "id": "5706e1209e06ca38007e91d9", "answers": [{"text": "low virulence organisms like Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas", "answer_start": 499}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "What activity is also greatly reduced in newborn infants?", "id": "5706e1209e06ca38007e91da", "answers": [{"text": "phagocytic", "answer_start": 1110}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Antigen cells in newborns are also struggle to do this?", "id": "5706e1209e06ca38007e91db", "answers": [{"text": "activate T cells", "answer_start": 1331}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "The body\u2019s capability to react to antigen depends on a person's age, antigen type, maternal factors and the area where the antigen is presented. Neonates are said to be in a state of physiological immunodeficiency, because both their innate and adaptive immunological responses are greatly suppressed. Once born, a child\u2019s immune system responds favorably to protein antigens while not as well to glycoproteins and polysaccharides. In fact, many of the infections acquired by neonates are caused by low virulence organisms like Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas. In neonates, opsonic activity and the ability to activate the complement cascade is very limited. For example, the mean level of C3 in a newborn is approximately 65% of that found in the adult. Phagocytic activity is also greatly impaired in newborns. This is due to lower opsonic activity, as well as diminished up-regulation of integrin and selectin receptors, which limit the ability of neutrophils to interact with adhesion molecules in the endothelium. Their monocytes are slow and have a reduced ATP production, which also limits the newborn's phagocytic activity. Although, the number of total lymphocytes is significantly higher than in adults, the cellular and humoral immunity is also impaired. Antigen-presenting cells in newborns have a reduced capability to activate T cells. Also, T cells of a newborn proliferate poorly and produce very small amounts of cytokines like IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, and IFN-g which limits their capacity to activate the humoral response as well as the phagocitic activity of macrophage. B cells develop early during gestation but are not fully active."}], ["Faktor ibu juga memainkan peranan dalam tindak balas imun badan. Semasa kelahiran, kebanyakan imunoglobulin hadir adalah IgG ibu. Kerana IgM, IgD, IgE dan IgA tidak menyeberangi plasenta, mereka hampir tidak dapat dikesan semasa dilahirkan. Sesetengah IgA disediakan oleh susu ibu. Antibodi yang diperolehi secara pasif ini dapat melindungi bayi yang baru lahir selama 18 bulan, tetapi respons mereka biasanya berpanjangan dan mempunyai pertalian yang rendah. Antibodi ini juga boleh menghasilkan tindak balas negatif. Sekiranya kanak-kanak terdedah kepada antibodi untuk antigen tertentu sebelum terdedah kepada antigen itu sendiri maka anak akan menghasilkan tindak balas yang lembap. Antibodi maternal yang pasif dapat menahan tindak balas antibodi terhadap imunisasi aktif. Begitu juga tindak balas sel T untuk vaksin berbeza pada kanak-kanak berbanding orang dewasa, dan vaksin yang mendorong tindak balas Th1 pada orang dewasa tidak mudah menimbulkan tindak balas yang sama dalam neonat. Antara enam hingga sembilan bulan selepas kelahiran, sistem imun kanak-kanak mula bertindak balas dengan lebih kuat kepada glikoprotein, tetapi biasanya tidak ada penambahbaikan yang ketara dalam tindak balas mereka terhadap polisakarida sehingga berusia sekurang-kurangnya satu tahun. Ini boleh menjadi alasan untuk bingkai masa yang berbeza yang terdapat dalam jadual vaksinasi. <> Pada bayi, apakah unsur lain yang memberi kesan kepada tindak balas imun? || Faktor ibu <> Bayi baru boleh memperoleh antibodi dari ibu melalui apa cara? || susu ibu <> Berapa lama antibodi ini mempunyai kesan ke atas bayi? || Sehingga 18 bulan <> Pada 6 hingga 9 bulan, sistem imun bayi mula merespon protein mana? || glikoprotein <> Perbezaan dalam tindak balas dalam sistem imun bayi adalah punca apa? || bingkai masa yang berbeza yang terdapat dalam jadual vaksinasi", {"qas": [{"question": "In babies, what is another element impacting immune response?", "id": "5706e36d9e06ca38007e91e1", "answers": [{"text": "Maternal factors", "answer_start": 0}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "Newborns can acquire antibodies from the mother through what means?", "id": "5706e36d9e06ca38007e91e2", "answers": [{"text": "breast milk", "answer_start": 246}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "For how long do these antibodies have an effect on infants?", "id": "5706e36d9e06ca38007e91e3", "answers": [{"text": "up to 18 months", "answer_start": 323}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "At 6 to 9 months, an infant's immune system begins to respond to which proteins?", "id": "5706e36d9e06ca38007e91e4", "answers": [{"text": "glycoproteins", "answer_start": 1004}], "is_impossible": false}, {"question": "The difference in responses in infant immune systems is the cause of what?", "id": "5706e36d9e06ca38007e91e5", "answers": [{"text": "distinct time frames found in vaccination schedules", "answer_start": 1164}], "is_impossible": false}], "context": "Maternal factors also play a role in the body\u2019s immune response. At birth, most of the immunoglobulin present is maternal IgG. Because IgM, IgD, IgE and IgA don\u2019t cross the placenta, they are almost undetectable at birth. Some IgA is provided by breast milk. These passively-acquired antibodies can protect the newborn for up to 18 months, but their response is usually short-lived and of low affinity. These antibodies can also produce a negative response. If a child is exposed to the antibody for a particular antigen before being exposed to the antigen itself then the child will produce a dampened response. Passively acquired maternal antibodies can suppress the antibody response to active immunization. Similarly the response of T-cells to vaccination differs in children compared to adults, and vaccines that induce Th1 responses in adults do not readily elicit these same responses in neonates. Between six to nine months after birth, a child\u2019s immune system begins to respond more strongly to glycoproteins, but there is usually no marked improvement in their response to polysaccharides until they are at least one year old. This can be the reason for distinct time frames found in vaccination schedules."}]]]